Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry Under Louis XIV, 1688-1714

Standards and Uniforms of the

French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688 - 1714 By Robert Hall, GianCarlo Boeri and Yves Roumegoux

First Edition 2005 Copyright © Robert Hall All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder.

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Contents

Introduction to the First Edition ...................................................................................................6 Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................................7 Bibliography .....................................................................................................................................8 Manuscripts and Original Sources............................................................................................................................8 Printed and Secondary Sources.................................................................................................................................9 Periodicals ..................................................................................................................................................................10

The French Cavalry under Louis XIV ........................................................................................12 Gardes du Corps du Roi...............................................................................................................................................14 Gendarmes et Chevaux-légers de la garde ordinaire du Roi.......................................................................................16 Gendarmes de la garde du Roi.....................................................................................................................................16 Chevaux-légers de la garde du Roi ..............................................................................................................................17 Mousquetaires de la garde ordinaire du Roi ...............................................................................................................18 Company of Grenadiers à cheval.................................................................................................................................21

Gendarmerie de France ..................................................................................................................22 1st Company 2nd Company 3rd Company 4th Company 5th Company 6th Company 7th Company 8th Company 9th Company 10th Company 11th Company 12th Company 13th Company 14th Company 15th Company 16th Company

Gendarmes Écossois du Roy ...............................................................................................................25 Gendarmes Anglois du Roy ...............................................................................................................26 Gendarmes Bourguignons du Roi.......................................................................................................26 Gendarmes de Flandre du Roi.............................................................................................................27 Gendarmes de la Reine .......................................................................................................................28 Chevau-Légers de la Reine .................................................................................................................28 Gendarmes de Monseigneur le Dauphin.............................................................................................29 Chevaux-légers de Monseigneur le Dauphin ......................................................................................29 Gendarmes de Bourgogne (Bretagne, Berry)......................................................................................30 Chevaux-légers de Bourgogne (Bretagne)........................................................................................30 Gendarmes d’Anjou (de Monsieur) ..................................................................................................31 Chevaux-légers d’Anjou (de Monsieur) ...........................................................................................31 Gendarmes de Berry (Artois)............................................................................................................31 Chevaux-légers de Berry (Artois).....................................................................................................32 Gendarmes d’Orléans........................................................................................................................32 Chevaux-légers d’Orléans.................................................................................................................33

The French Line Cavalry or "Cavalerie Légère".......................................................................34 General Notes on the Standards .................................................................................................34 General Notes on Uniforms.........................................................................................................36 Descriptions of the Regiments....................................................................................................41 Royal ............................................................................................................................................................................41 Du Roi ..........................................................................................................................................................................42 Royal Étranger .............................................................................................................................................................43 Colonel Général ...........................................................................................................................................................44 Mestre de Camp Général..............................................................................................................................................46 Commissaire Général ...................................................................................................................................................47 Curassiers du Roi .........................................................................................................................................................48 Royal Roussillon ..........................................................................................................................................................50 Sainte-Ruth, Saint-Germain-Beaupré, Gournay, Brissac, Magnières, Monteils ..........................................................51 La Reine .......................................................................................................................................................................52 Bourgogne, Bretagne....................................................................................................................................................54 Anjou (Royal-Artois) ..................................................................................................................................................55 Orléans .........................................................................................................................................................................56 Condé ...........................................................................................................................................................................58 Bourbon (Bourbon dragoons 1776) .............................................................................................................................59 Coulanges, du Maine, Cheydalet, Monmorency-Chateaubrun, Saint-Simon...............................................................60 Conty, Humières, Villeroi, d’Alincourt........................................................................................................................61 Gohas, La Valette, Prince Camille, Lorraine, Lembescq, Beaucayre ..........................................................................63 Foucauld, Quinson, Chalons, Gouffier d’Heilly, Egmont, Desmarets, Gesvres ..........................................................64 Plessis-Bellière, Servon, La Tournelle, La Feuillade, Aubusson, Saint Aignan ..........................................................65 Thianges, Florensac, Talmont, La Tremouille, Tarente, Grammont ............................................................................67

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Thury, Sainte-Livière, Beintz, Ruffey, Marcillac, Montrevel, Vogué .........................................................................68 Foix, Vintimille (Royal-Picardie).................................................................................................................................69 Mancini (Mancini Wallon), Bouillon, Melin, Gamaches, La Ferronays......................................................................70 Montauban, Saint-Aignan, Bartillat, Heudicourt .........................................................................................................71 Brinon, Varennes, Robin, Rennepont...........................................................................................................................72 Royal Cravattes ............................................................................................................................................................73 Choiseul-Beaupré, Chartres, Clermont-Prince .............................................................................................................74 Tilladet, Souvré, Béringhen, Conti, du Rumain ...........................................................................................................75 Valavoire, Vivans, Heudicourt.....................................................................................................................................76 Bouillon, Auvergne, Gassion, Lumbres, Fiennes, Villiers, Croi..................................................................................78 Rosen Allemand ...........................................................................................................................................................79 Dauphin ........................................................................................................................................................................80 Bartillat, Marcilly, Narbonne, Du Tronc, Villars, Rohan.............................................................................................81 Grignan, Flesché, Luynes, Chevreuse, Ancenis, Brancas ............................................................................................82 Saint-Aignan, Rohan, Quintin, St. Chamans, Vaudray, Sabran ...................................................................................83 Royal Piémont (Prince de Piémont) .............................................................................................................................84 Königsmark, Royal Allemand......................................................................................................................................86 d’Illes, Lançon, Bezons, Balvière, Auneuil, Saint-Pouange ........................................................................................87 L’Houmeau, Villequier, Montmain, Belaccueil, Latour, Chabrillant...........................................................................88 Crillon, La Baume, Forsat ............................................................................................................................................89 Streef, Romainville, Wiltz, Anlezy, Marteville, Roye .................................................................................................90 Roussillon, Illes, Saint Louis, Villacerf, Berry ............................................................................................................91 Vaubrun, Montbas, Vienne, Germinon, Lorges ...........................................................................................................92 Broglie, Levis, Novion, La Vaupaliere, Charlus, Royal-Normandie ...........................................................................93 Heudicourt, Praslin, Penthièvre, Toulouse, Souternon, Gacé ......................................................................................94 Chevalier-Duc, Roquepine, Sully, Vaudrey, d'Andlau ................................................................................................95 Saint-Sylvestre, Bercourt, Uzès, Marcillac ..................................................................................................................96 Walin, Mélac, Larrard, Rassay, St. Germain-Beaupré .................................................................................................98 Dauphin-Etranger.........................................................................................................................................................98 Villeneuve, Léry-Girardin, Bar, La Mothe, Joyeuse ....................................................................................................99 Massot, Fontaines.......................................................................................................................................................100 Tallard, Duras, Villequier, La Motte-Houdancourt, Brissac ......................................................................................100 Seyssac, Imécourt, Montauban, Fourbin, Chépy........................................................................................................101 Noailles (-Duc), Ayen (Noailles-dragoons) ...............................................................................................................102 La Margelle, Soins de Pointsegur, Tournefort, Livry, Vassé.....................................................................................103 Lançon, Saint-Simon Montbleru, du Bordage, Bouzols, Fiennes ..............................................................................104 Givry, Courtebonne,Barentin, Villepreux ..................................................................................................................105 Grutel, Rassent, Fourquevaux, La Tour, Pardillan.....................................................................................................106 D’Aumont, La Vallière, La Fontaine .........................................................................................................................106 Marivault, Vivans, Beaujeu........................................................................................................................................107 Du Rozel, Anlézy, Villequier, Gouffier .....................................................................................................................108 Fontet, Vandeuil, Cappy.............................................................................................................................................108 Sibourg, d'Espinchal, d'Elbeuf, La Bretauche, Caubous ............................................................................................109 Terrail, Bissy, d’Estaniol............................................................................................................................................110 Cathulan, Savines, La Baume, La Boulaye, Alzeau...................................................................................................110 Vandoeuvre, Puyguyon, Staint-Lieu, Marnay, Tracy, Rouvray, Tourotte .................................................................111 Montpeyroux, Gramont, Maisonthiers, Campférand .................................................................................................112 Humières, Mauroy, Soucarrière, Villiers ...................................................................................................................113 Montberon, Chatelet-Clefmont, La Billarderie, Braque, Malan.................................................................................113 Boufflers, d’Ourches, Chérisey, Cayeux....................................................................................................................114 Dumont, Nassau-Saarbrücken, Villiers Le Morhyer, Vignoles, Autichamp, du Fief ................................................115 La Mark, Fürstenberg, Courcillon, Béthune, Pons.....................................................................................................115 Vaillac, Saumery, du Paon .........................................................................................................................................116 Laigny, Resnel, Anlezy, Rodemark, Lessart, Harcourt, Biron...................................................................................117 Ligondèz.....................................................................................................................................................................118 La Beyssière, d’Auvergne, Bourke, Massembach, Valgrand.....................................................................................118 Phélippeaux, Courlandon, Moyria, Maubeque, Chataumorand, Roye.......................................................................119 Glizy, Alais, Conflans ................................................................................................................................................119 Presle, Egmont ...........................................................................................................................................................120

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Sheldon, Nugent, Fitzjames Irlandois ........................................................................................................................120 Royal des Carabiniers.................................................................................................................................................121 Tarnault ......................................................................................................................................................................124 La Mothe-Houdancourt ..............................................................................................................................................124 Harcourt, Saint-Blimont .............................................................................................................................................125 Marsillac, Aubeterre...................................................................................................................................................125 Roye, Gramont ...........................................................................................................................................................126 Raigecourt ..................................................................................................................................................................126 Monchy, d'Asfeld (Prince de Vaudémont) .................................................................................................................127 Locmaria, Grandpré ...................................................................................................................................................128 Arnolfini, La Feuillade...............................................................................................................................................128 Bulonde, Roucy..........................................................................................................................................................129 Lambert, Bissy ...........................................................................................................................................................129 Montgeorges, Montgommery, Imécourt.....................................................................................................................130 Longueville, La Langallerie, Simiane ........................................................................................................................131 Boucaut, Magnac........................................................................................................................................................131 Quincy, Phelippeaux ..................................................................................................................................................132 Hennequin ..................................................................................................................................................................132 Des Fourneaux ...........................................................................................................................................................132 Estrades, du Plessis, don Garo, Mérinville, Autanne .................................................................................................132 Meré ...........................................................................................................................................................................133 Saussay, Brionne, Montplaisir, Broglio, Verac, Montmorency, Marcillac-Vény ......................................................134 Bellegarde, Melun, Gand ...........................................................................................................................................135 Richelieu, d’Auriac, Coulanges, Saint Phal ...............................................................................................................135 Molac, Monterevel .....................................................................................................................................................136 Saint-Mauris, Lessart, Parabère..................................................................................................................................136 Le Gall, Choiseul, Sève..............................................................................................................................................137 Catheux ......................................................................................................................................................................137 Hocquincourt , Pracomtal, Aubeterre, Champlain .....................................................................................................138 Villepion, Chastillon ..................................................................................................................................................138 Mérinville, Crussol comte d’Uzès..............................................................................................................................139 Sailly ..........................................................................................................................................................................139 Castries .......................................................................................................................................................................139 Mesnil-Montauban, Laffite de Pellepor, Vienne, Champlain ....................................................................................140 Montberon, Noailles...................................................................................................................................................140 Béthune, Aubeterre ....................................................................................................................................................141 Sanzay, Chastillon......................................................................................................................................................141 Gesvres.......................................................................................................................................................................141 Quadt, Landscron .......................................................................................................................................................142 Manderscheidt ............................................................................................................................................................142 Du Bray, Horn, Meuse, Vignau, Vaudremont............................................................................................................142 Bachevilliers, d’Esseville, Cerisy...............................................................................................................................143 Coislin, Sully..............................................................................................................................................................143 Souastre ......................................................................................................................................................................143 Montrevel ...................................................................................................................................................................144 Saint-Jean ...................................................................................................................................................................144 L’Isle du Vigier, Clermont-Tonnerre .........................................................................................................................144 Cossé (Brissac)...........................................................................................................................................................144 Desclos (Du Clos), du Palais......................................................................................................................................145 Montfort .....................................................................................................................................................................145 Cayeux, Verthamont...................................................................................................................................................145 Du Luc........................................................................................................................................................................146 Du Châtelet-Clefmont ................................................................................................................................................146 Gacé, Matignon ..........................................................................................................................................................146 Montgon, La Coste du Plantier, Beaucaire.................................................................................................................146 Du Bourdet, Saint-Phal ..............................................................................................................................................147 Flanders (Espagnol) ...................................................................................................................................................147 Brabant (Espagnol).....................................................................................................................................................147 De Puyg (=Dupuis Espagnol).....................................................................................................................................148

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Longueval, Geoffreville, Tarente, Bellefonds, Montauban........................................................................................148 Prince Paul (de Lorraine), Rozel, Saint-Simon ..........................................................................................................148 Maure (Sainte-Maure) ................................................................................................................................................149 Narbonne ....................................................................................................................................................................149 Lestoile.......................................................................................................................................................................149 Suilly ..........................................................................................................................................................................149 Doria, Auriac, Coulanges, Saint Phal.........................................................................................................................149 Langallerie 2.e............................................................................................................................................................150 Chastelet 2.e ...............................................................................................................................................................150 Trasant........................................................................................................................................................................150 Royal-Allemand 2.e ...................................................................................................................................................150 Quadt 2.e ....................................................................................................................................................................150 Grands-Royaux ..........................................................................................................................................................150 Souternon, Pujols, Savine ..........................................................................................................................................151 La Reine d’Angleterre Cavalerie................................................................................................................................151 Gardes du Roy d’Angleterre ......................................................................................................................................151 Regiments not mentioned in Susane ..........................................................................................................................152 Bezons-Bellieure ........................................................................................................................................................152 Precontal, Robin .........................................................................................................................................................152 Canisy, Coëtenfao, Roure...........................................................................................................................................152 De la Rare, Rassé .......................................................................................................................................................152 Morbecq, Courlandon, Conflans, d’Anlézy ...............................................................................................................152 Sillery, Catinat............................................................................................................................................................152 Regiments (present in 1692) – not identified .............................................................................................................153 Regiments mentioned in Invalides Files but not in Susane ........................................................................................153

Unidentified Standards .................................................................................................................155 Hussars............................................................................................................................................156 Costume in general.....................................................................................................................................................156 Kroneberg, Mortany, Verseilles hussards ..................................................................................................................156 Saint-Geniès, Rattsky hussards ..................................................................................................................................157 Poldéak, Filtz, Montils hussards ................................................................................................................................158 Royal Ordinances fixing the Rank of the Cavalry Regiments....................................................................................159

List of Plates ...................................................................................................................................160

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Introduction to the First Edition This book is the last in a series which illustrates the appearance of the uniformed French army under Louis XIV. Its theme is the guards units of the royal household and the line cavalry or “cavalerie legère” and hussars. (The dragoons were handled in the second book of the series together with the artillery, bombardiers and militia.) We have to apologize to those who have waited several years for the appearance of this book but a look at the plates will show that these took a lot longer to do than the simpler ones for the infantry. We also lack a contemporary source covering all standards like the Duvivier Manuscript for infantry flags. Historical detail has been kept to a minimum and further details may be found in other works, some of which are listed below. As can be seen in the bibliography many of the sources are in French and often not easily available to the public. A comprehensive English-language treatment of the subject has been missing up to now. This document is very largely based on notes of original sources made by the authors. Even in cases where the information was published, we often went back to the original and sometimes did indeed discover new aspects. The text has been written using the Abregé du Militaire … de Lemau de la Jaisse (1730-35-38 and 1740 with only the variations indicated), the État de la France 1694 and corrected with data from “l’Histoire de la Cavalerie Française” of Général Susane). Other sources of information include contemporary gazettes, primarily the Mercure Galant, notes of witnesses who lived at the time (Memoires, the Papal Nuntius and travellers), data found in the national archives of France, Spain, Belgium, Great Britain and Italy. Unpublished documentation of the uniforms has been taken from several original clothing contracts found at the Archives Nationales in Paris by Michel Hanotaux and the authors. These have helped to fill in some gaps on the appearance of those regiments. Following the practice of the previous works we have added the livery and coats of arms of the mestres-de-camps of the regiments as far as is known, since these played an important part in the design of standards and the dress of the musicians. We would like to thank those who assisted us in many ways and gave us the value of their knowledge on the subject. The interpretation of the material and any mistakes in interpretation are our responsibility.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Acknowledgements Firstly we would like to thank Général (C.R.) Michel Hanotaux for his very great assistance in providing information for this book. It is impossible to list all he provided in copious notes on the manuscripts of Hermand and others as well as his well-founded advice in our correspondence during the last years. René Chartrand also gave us the value of his great experience in the history of the French army of the period. We would like to thank Pierre Charrié who took time to answer the authors’ questions on the allied trophies of the War of the Spanish Succession and his interpretations of their assignment to particular regiments. Andrew Cormac generously made his notes and articles on the subject directly available to us as well, for which we take this opportunity to thank him. Thanks is also due to David E. Williams of New York, an expert on the period, who read the text and pointed out many major and minor errors and omissions. This book and those before it would never have been printed if it were not for the unstinting support of Iain Stanford and Neil Rennoldson of Pike and Shot Society in checking the format and contents and reformatting the documents for printing in order to give them a professional appearance and a thousand other jobs around the production of the books.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Bibliography Manuscripts and Original Sources Blasoned description of flags and standards taken by the allies during the War of the Spanish Succession drawn by Anna Beek (Photos and drawings of the original in the Leger Museum in Delft [Anna Beek]. Blasoned description of 128 flags and 35 standards taken by the allies at the battle of Blenheim 18th August 1704 by Spofforth [Spofforth]. Bartillat – original drumbanners in the Armeria Reale at Turin. Duvivier Mss. No. 204 1er Compagnie des Mousquetaires Duvivier Mss. No. 205 2eme Compagnie des Mousquetaires Notes on contemporary descriptions of uniforms compiled by Giancarlo Boeri and René Chartrand. The documents concerned are: État Général des Troupes de France 1692 (Service historique de l’Armée de terre, manuscrit A1B 1626, surnommé Les Tiroirs de Louis XIV [A1B]; Le Mercure Galant septembre 1698 [Gal]; État des troupes Françaises 1698 par L.F. Corfey [Corfey]; État des Troupes de France en l’année 1702 (S.H.A.T A2B) [A2B]. Notes on contemporary notary contracts to be found in the series “MC” (Minutier Central des notaires de Paris) in the Archives Nationales in Paris. The contracts for regimental clothing were registered by a notary public. Although we only had the names of two notaries to work on this source has delivered ca. 120 contracts and not been exhausted by any means. While the contracts detail the dress, the lace of the drummers is largely reconstructed [AN] Public Records Office, London, WO55/3h3 Description of the Standards and Ensigns taken from ye French in the Battle of Blenheim by the Confederate Army under Command of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough the 2nd of August 1704 O.S. and brought into her Maties. Stores within the Tower of London in Decr. Notes from the Vatican archives Notes from the archives of Turin Notes of Series A1 at SHAT Vincennes Notes on contemporary descriptions of uniforms compiled by Giancarlo Boeri and René Chartrand. The documents concerned are: État Général des Troupes de France 1692 (Service historique de l’Armée de terre, manuscrit A1B 1626, surnommé Les Tiroirs de Louis XIV (documents written by Louis XIV himself and found in his desk on his demise)[A1B]; Le Mercure Galant septembre 1698 [Gal]; État des troupes Françaises 1698 par L.F. Corfey [Cor]; État des Troupes de France en l’année 1702 (S.H.A.T A2B) [A2B]. Lemau de la Jaisse : Abrégés Mercure Galant 1698 Les Invalides, Internet home page with information on the soldiers accepted into the hospital and their military records.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Printed and Secondary Sources Beneton de Morange Traitté des Marques Nationales, Paris, 1739, reprint by C. Térana, 1993, ISBN 2-904 221-17-4 Briquet, Pierre de, Code Militaire ou compilation des ordonnances des Roys de France concernant les gens de guerre, Paris, 1761, 8 vol. [Briquet] Charrié, Pierre. Drapeaux et Étendards du Roi. Paris 1989, Èditions Le Léopard d’Or ISBN 286377-090-8. This is a comprehensive history of all known flags and standards of the Ancien Régime written by the accredited expert on the subject. Although well illustrated, most of the flags are described only in written form which leaves a lot of latitude of interpretation. [Charrié] Chartrand, René. The Army of Louis XIV London 1983 Men at Arms Series n° 203 Chenaye des Bois, Aubert de la, Dictionnaire Militaire Portatif contenant tous les Termes propres à la Guerre, Paris 1758 Chopin, H. Les Hussards. Les vieux Régiments 1692-1792 Dangeau Memoires du Marquis de Dangeau [Dangeau] Daniel, Père G. “Histoire de la Milice Françoise, 1721, Paris. [Daniel] Deane, John Marshal “A Journal of Marlborough’s Campaigns during the War of the Spanish Succession 1704-1711” published by the Society for Army Historical Research, Special Publication No. 12, 1984 Dictionaire Militaire Portatif, by M.D.L.C.D.B., Paris 1758. Gendarmerie. Dubuisson, P.P. Armorial alphabetique des Principales Maisons et Familles du Royaume Paris, 1757, reprinted Chez Jean de Bonnot, Paris 1987, for contemporary coats of arms. Fouré, Pierre. Trophées de la Guerre de Succession d’Espagne 1700-1713. St. Cloud 1982. [Fouré] Goldberg & Wagner. Bemalungsangaben für die Zeit des spanischen Erbfolgekrieges 1701-1714. Hannover. Grant, Charles Stewart. From Pike to Shot 1685-1720. Wargames Research Group 1986 [Grant]. Grbašić, Z. and Kukšić, V., Die große Zeit der Kavallerie, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart, 1989, ISBN 3-613-01303-7. Guerard, N. „Les Exercices de Mars“ 1696-1700”, Facsimile reprint of the German edition, Archiv-Verlag, Braunschweig, 1985. Kühn, August. Materialien zum spanischen Erbfolgekriege. Part 33 privately published Hinterwössen 1995 [Kühn]. Les Uniformes de l’Armée Française de 1690 à 1894. Leipzig Dr Lienhart & René Humbert. 1900, reprint Editions D. A., La Chapelle en Vercors 1989. The uniforms given as before 1720 include many that can only have come in around the 1730’s, some probably even later. [LeH] Lehmann, Gustav “Trophäen des Preußischen Heeres“, Berlin 1898. A list of the Prussian army trophy standards and flags in the Zeughaus in Berlin. [Zeughaus] Lynn, John A. Giant of the Grand Siècle, the French Army 1610-1715. Cambridge University Press 1999 ISBN 0-521-57273-8. This is the most comprehensive history of the organisation and structure of the French army currently available in English and was also our lead to the Archives Nationales as a source [Lynn]. MacCarthy, Marcel Dugué. La Cavalerie au temps de Chevaux. EPA Éditions Presse Audiovisuel, France 1989 ISBN 2-85120-313-4. MacCarthy, Marcel Dugué. Soldats du Roi – Les Armées de L’Ancien Régime 1610-1789. Collections du Musée de l’Armée, Tome 4, Paris 1984, ISBN 2-904768-02-5.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Nagyrévi von Neppel, Georg, Husaren in der Weltgeschichte, Vollmer Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1975 (Translation of „Husárok“, Corvina, Budapest 1973) Pétard, Michel. Equipements Militaires de 1600 à 1870 - Tome I de 1600 à 1750. 1984 ISBN 2-9500490-1-X. RIGO. Planches documentaires Ancien Régime - Le Plumet: AR14 Gardes du Corps, AR36 Grenadiers à Cheval, AR40 Mousquetaires 2eme Compagnies, AR51 Chevaux-Légers de la Garde, AR57 Gendarmes de la Garde. Rousselot, Lucien. L’armée française, ses uniformes, son armement, son équipement – réédition Paris 1987. Rietstap, J. B. Armorial Général. 1884, reprinted by Heraldry Today, London 1988 ISBN 0900455-18-7. Many of the coats of arms shown are taken from Rietstap and V. & H.V. Rolland’s Illustrations to the Armorial Général, Heraldry Today 1967. . Saint-Rémy. Memoires d’Artillerie. 1702, reprint LTR Verlag, Bad Honneff 1982 ISBN 3-88706149-7. Saint-Simon Memoires édition Boisisle, 1905 Sourches, Marquis de Mémoires de Sourches, Libraire Hachette, Paris 1885, 13 vols. 1681-1712, reprinted by Phénix Editions 2000 ISBN 2-745800507 [Sourches] Stadlinger, L. J. von Geschichte des Württembergischen Kriegswesens von der frühesten bis zur neuesten Zeit, Stuttgart, 1856. Susane. Histoire de la Cavalerie Française. 3 vol. Paris 1876 – reprint C. Terana 1992 ISBN 2-904221-03-04. Susane’s books have been used for the details of service and colonels. [Susane] Tessin, Georg. Die Regimenter der europäischen Staaten im Ancien Régime des XVI bis XVIII Jahrhunderts. Teil 1, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1986 ISBN 3-7648-1488-8. Containing a list of almost every regiment of the period with a unique number in the form “yyyy/nnn” where “yyyy” is the year of foundation and “nnn” a number of the unit as raised during the year. It has been used here as an EDP-key to keep all details of the regiment together. With regard to the French regiments the number corresponds largely with the order of creation given by Susane. [Tessin] Marquis de Villars. Memoires, edition marquis de Vogüé Lelievre, Eugene Costume Militaire Ancien Regime : Cavalerie Louis 14, Hussards 1700-1770, Édition Hussard du Marais, Paris, 19??

Periodicals Carnet de la Sabretache N.S. No.34 1976 Les Compagnies de Cavalerie de la Maison du Roy 1745 by Colonel MacCarthy. Carnet de la Sabretache N.S. No.52 1980 Le Tableau des Trophées conquis par les Hollandais de Anna Beek – 1713 by Pierre Charrié. Carnet de la Sabretache N.S. No.53 1980 Le Tableau des Trophées conquis par les Hollandais de Anna Beek – 1713 by Pierre Charrié. Carnet de la Sabretache N.S. No.145 19.. Descriptions des Uniformes de l’Armée de Louis XIV by René Chartrand & GianCarlo Boeri. [Chartrand] Carnet de la Sabretache N.S. No.146 19.. La Cavalerie Légère de 1635 à 1791 by Jean-Claude Boyron. Le Bivouac

1986/1 Bondor Frederic. Marechal de Grammont-Cavalerie Timbalier 1658 10

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1986/3 Bondor Frederic. Villeroi Cavalerie 1999/1 Bourrily Pierre. Saint-Simon Cavalerie à la bataille de Neerwinden 1999/4 Bourrily Pierre. Les Cuirassiers du Roi 2001/3 Bourrily Pierre. Trompette de Saint-Aignan Cavalerie 1689-1702 2002/1 Bourrily Pierre. Gardes du Corps du Roi vers 1700 Zeitschrift für Heereskunde, 1971 A. U. Koch Die französischen Miniaturen des Freiherrn von Gudenus [Gudenus] Figurines 2000, Pétard, Michel. Les Grenadiers à Cheval de la Maison du Roi Tradition Magazine No. 53, Pétard, Michel, Les Mousquetaires avant Fontenoy Tradition Magazine No. 140, Jaeger, Gérhard Wallone d’Officier des Chevaux-Légers de la Maison du Roi Tradition Magazine No. 147 Le Corps des Carabiniers de Provence d’aprés un état dédié au Prince en 1769 La Figurine Hanotaux, Michel, 1983 Le Régiment Royal des Carabiniers (original notes made available from the author) La Figurine Hanotaux, Michel, 198? Gendarmerie de France en 1724 (original notes made available from the author) Military Illustrated, Cormac, Andrew, 1994 Marlborough’s Trophies Cavalry Standards Captured from Tallard’s Army at Blenheim, 1704 (original notes made available from the author) Le Grand Siècle de France Nos. 1 & 2 2003 François de Lannoy, Les Gardes du Corps du Roi Revue Historique des Armées, Boissau, Général, Les hussards, un phénomène européen, No. 4 1993 Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, Vol. XVIII, “The Scottish and English Gendarmes and the Scottish Body-Guard in the Service of France”, Percy White, London, 1938.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

The French Cavalry under Louis XIV At the end of the Dutch war which began in 1672 with the invasion of the country and ended in 1678 with the peace of Nijmegen, the cavalry was composed of the following 4 groups: (household cavalry) (an elite cavalry) (ordinary cavalry regiments) (dragoon regiments)

La Maison du Roi La Gendarmerie Les régiments de cavalerie légère Les régiments de dragons

The hussars which were added at the end of the 17th century, counted as line cavalry or cavalerie légère. Maison du Roi This was formed of companies of horse and foot of the ordinary guard of His Majesty, named Maison du Roy by Louis XIV in 1671, it was previously known as Sergens d'Armes or Porte Masses de la Garde des Rois. The Maison du roi formed 2 divisions of reserves. Gardes du Corps The 4 companies of gardes du corps formed a first division of reserves, command of which was the right of the captain of the company called écossaise (scottish), which included a complete staff for this eventuality. Maison Rouge The company of Gendarmes de la garde, that of the Chevau-Légers de la Garde, the 2 companies of Mousquetaires, and after 1676 the company of Grenadiers à Cheval de la Garde, formed when united a second reserve division of around 1,200 men, which was habitually designated the maison rouge, because of the colour of the coats worn by the gendarmes, chevaulégers and mousquetaires. Gendarmerie The Gendarmerie, a relic of the compagnies des ordonnances, formed a third reserve division of 1,200 to 1,600 men. In 1678 it was made up of 12 companies of 100 men: the Gendarmes ecossois, the Gendarmes anglais, the Gendarmes bourguignons and the Gendarmes de Flanders, who belonged to the king; the Gendarmes and Chevau-légers de la Reine, the Gendarmes and Chevaulégers du Dauphin, the Gendarmes and Chevau-légers d’Anjou, the Gendarmes and Chevau-légers d’Orleans. To these 12 companies came 4 others created in 1690 for the two grandchildren of Louis XIV, the Gendarmes and Chevau-légers de Bourgogne and those of Berry. The order of precedence of the units of cavalry was therefore as follows: 1. Gardes du Corps: Compagnie écossoise 2. – 4. Gardes du Corps: 3 Compagnies françoises The rank of these four companies was not regulated in the ordonnance of 1667 but the usage was always observed that the compagnie écossoise marched first and after it the other

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 three, according to the date of rank of their captains, not necessarily that of the numbers given below.1 Immediately thereafter: 5. compagnie des Gendarmes de Sa Majesté 6. compagnie des Chevaux-légers de Sa Majesté 7. compagnie des gendarmes écossois 8. 1ere compagnie des mousquetaires à cheval 9. 2eme compagnie des mousquetaires à cheval 10.. compagnie des gendarmes Anglois 11. compagnie des gendarmes Bourguignons 12. compagnie des gendarmes de Flandres 13. compagnie des gendarmes de la Reine 14. compagnie des chevaux-légers de la Reine 15. compagnie des gendarmes Dauphins 16. compagnie des chevaux-légers Dauphins 17. compagnie des gendarmes de Bourgogne 18. compagnie des chevaux-légers de Bourgogne 19. compagnie des gendarmes d’Anjou 20. compagnie des chevaux-légers d’Anjou 21. compagnie des gendarmes de Berry 22. compagnie des chevaux-légers de Berry 23. compagnie des gendarmes d’Orléans 24. compagnie des chevaux-légers d’Orléans 25. compagnie des Grenadiers à Cheval (did not have a regulated rank but usually stood at the head of the maison du Roi) According to the ordonnance of 1667 there followed after the second company of mousquetaires the companies d’ordonnance de la Reine, Dauphin and Orléans, but king Louis XIV, having added his corps of gendarmerie, namely the company of gendarmes anglois in the same year 1667, that of the gendarmes Bourguignons en 1668, and that of the gendarmes de Flandres in 1673, let them take rank immediately after the mousquetaires, since because the King had reserved the captaincy for himself they had precedence before those of the Queen, of Monseigneur le Dauphin etc. These first four companies of the Gendarmerie had the king as captain and were hence known as Gendarmes du Roi. Thereafter came the cavalerie légère.

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Excerpt from “le code militaire, titre XC De la Gendarmerie“ Art 1er Les companies des Gardes du Corps de Sa Majesté, celle de ses gendarmes et chevaux-légers, la compagnie des gendarmes écossois, celles des mousquetaires à cheval, et les companies d’ordonnance, tiendront rang de companies de gendarmes; et reputeés du corps de la Gendarmerie, auront la droite sur tous les regiments et compagnies de cavalerie françoise et étrangère, et marcheront entre elles dans le rang ci-aprés (Louis XIV Ord. du 7 mai 1667) II les quatre compagnies des gardes du corps de Sa Majesté auront la droite sur toute la Gendarmerie de France (Louis XIV idem)

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Gardes du Corps du Roi Plates Nos. 001 & 002 A The captains of the 4 companies of the Gardes du Corps were: 1. Duc de Noailles, captain of the 1ere Compagnie Écossaise 2. Maréchal Duc de Duras, 1ere Compagnie françoise (1st French Company) 3. Maréchal Duc de Luxembourg, 2eme Compagnie françoise (2nd French Company) 4. Maréchal de Lorges, 3eme Compagnie françoise (3rd French Company) The first company or Compagnie Écossaise was the colonelle (colonel’s company), the oldest of the companies. [État 1694] It was created by king Charles VII sometime between 1453 and 1461 (1440 after Susane) in gratitude for the assistance of Scottish archers in bringing Gascony under his control. The first French company appeared in 1475, followed by the next in 1479. The final French company was created by François I in 1515. Long after the Scottish company had ceased to be Scottish except in name the men still responded in the appelle with the English words “I am here” or “Am here”, spoken “Amier”. [Daniel] Capitaines in our period were: 1ere Compagnie Écossaise: 1651 Jan. 10 Comte de Noailles (Anne) 1678 Feb. 5 Duc de Noailles (Anne-Jules), maréchal de France in 1693 1707 Feb. 17 Duc de Noailles (Adrien-Maurice), maréchal de France in 1734 1731 Dec. 23 Duc d’Ayen (Louis de Noailles), maréchal de France in 1775 1ere Compagnie françoise: 1663 Duc de Charost (Armand de Béthune) 1675 Apr. 1 Marquis de Duras (Jaques-Henri de Durfort), maréchal de France 1675 1704 Dec. 10 Duc de Boufflers (Louis-François), maréchal de France 1695 1711 Oct. 21 Duc de Charost (Armand de Béthune) 1747 Oct. 23 Duc de Béthune (Paul-François) 2eme Compagnie françoise: 1669 July 28 Duc de Lauzun (Antoine Nompar de Caumont) 1673 Feb. 11 Duc de Luxembourg (François-Henri de Montmorency), maréchal de France 1675 1695 Feb. 1 Duc de Villeroy (François de Neufville), maréchal de France 1693 1734 Apr. 22 Duc de Villeroy (Louis-Nicolas de Neufville) 3eme Compagnie françoise: 1651 June 3 Marquis de Villequier (Louis-Marie-Victor d’Aumont) 1669 Mar. 10 Marquis de Rochefort (Henri-Louis d’Aloigny), maréchal de France 1675 1676 June 12 Comte de Lorges (Guy-Aldonse de Durfort), maréchal de France 1675 1703 Feb. 26 Duc d’Harcourt (Henri), maréchal de France 1703 1747 Oct. 23 Duc d’Harcourt (François), maréchal de France 1746 The companies, 100 men each in 1663, rose to 400 each in 1676 and 421 in 1690, being reduced to 360 each in 1715. The companies of Gardes du Corps in 1678 each had 1 captain, 3 lieutenants, 3 ensigns 12 Brigadiers, 12 Sousbrigadiers, and 2 Exemts. There was one major, assisted by 2 Aides Majors du Corps, for all four companies of the corps. In each company was 1 other Sous-Aide-Major. In addition were 25 Gentilshommes Gardes de la Manche de la Compagnie Ecossaise, 4 Contrôleurs Clercs du Guet and secretaries of their company (each with his valet), a trumpeter for each of the 6 brigades of each company (24) or 2 trumpeters per company, 5 ordinary kettledrummers, 4 chaplains, an ordinary surgeon, the Trésorier des Gardes du Corps made up the strength..[Susane] Each of these 4 companies was split into 3 squadrons, each of 2 brigades, giving 12 squadrons in all. Note that they had an ensign – not a cornet – as junior officer, emphasizing their role as guards of the king both on foot in the palace and on horse when away. Uniforms The four companies were dressed in the same manner: blue coat and scarlet-red facings; the primary differences between the companies were bandoleers and saddlecloths of specified colours: 1. Compagnie Ecossaise white / silver and red saddlecloths 2. 1ere Compagnie françoise blue / silver and blue saddlecloths

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 3. 2eme Compagnie françoise green / silver and green saddlecloths 4. 3eme Compagnie françoise yellow / silver and yellow saddlecloths The last company wore orange when founded and later changed the orange to yellow. Only the colonnelle had the saddlecloths of a different colour to the bandoleers and that was simply because white was not regarded as suitable for saddlecloths. [Mercure Galant 1687] They also wore a bandoleer in the company colours, a vestige of their origins as archers. The captains, the major, lieutenants, ensigns, Aides Majors and Exempts of these companies all carried the baton of the Maison du Roy . Horses were not uniform in colour but troopers would have tended to have dark colours while officers and musicans would have ridden grays or lighter colours. The Brigadiers and Sous brigadiers had a partisan/spontoon for service on foot. Our drawings of the troopers in the plates are after that of Lucien Rousselot in Bivouac, 2002/1. 1678 blue coats, some squadrons having yellow ribbons and some blue [Locke]2 1679 4 companies each with its own colour. Noailles: white bandoleer and a green (red?) saddlecloth, Duras wears green, Luxembourg blue and Lorges yellow. The guards were all newly dressed. Coats of blue cloth with a silver, wavy galoon two fingers broad. Cuffs red velvet and covered with two large laces, one of them half as broad as those on the coat. They had five on the bandoleers, three broad and two narrow. Their baudricks and gloves buff leather with lace like that on the coat, sashes white. Sabres silver (hilted) and hats bordered. As the officers covered with laces and embroidery. [Revue des troupes de la Maison, May 1679] 1687 (Voyage du Roy à Luxemburg) Almost 1700 Gardes du Corps, in 4 companies, each in 6 brigades, commanded by 6 officers, being 3 lieutenants and 3 ensigns. Each company is recognised by the bandoleers of different colours. First company, the colonelle, commanded by M. le Duc de Noailles, white bandoleers and red saddlecloths; that Maréchal Duc de Duras blue bandoleers and blue saddlecloths; that of Duc de Luxembourg green bandoleers and saddlecloths, that of Maréchal de Lorges by their yellow bandoleers and saddlecloths. [Mercure Galant] 1692 (Review by the King of the 4 companies of the Gardes du Corps): More than 2000 men, all dressed in blue cloth, with juste-au-corps laced in silver. The bandoleers are of a different colour for each company: [Mercure Galant, 4 Mar. 1692] Noailles plain silver. Duras silver and blue, Luxemburg silver and green. Lorges silver and yellow. 1702 [Etat des Troupes A1 b 1626] Noailles white bandoleer blue coat, red cuffs Duras “ “ blue “ “ “ “ “ Lorges “ “ yellow “ “ “ “ “ Villeroi “ “ green “ “ “ “ “ All the officers of the guards wear cuirasses and the guards have breastplates tested proof against a carbine... [Dangeau, 26 Mar. 1706] (Another repetition of the general order of 1703 that cuirasses should always be worn.) 1715 The standards were not carried by the ensign but by a guardsman, each brigade carrying its own standard. They were square and of the same colour as the bandoleer. An exception was the standard carried by the first brigade of the compagnie écossaise which was in fact a guidon, as carried later by the dragoon regiments. The origin of this is not known but it may have been a vestige of the original standards carried by the company. The standards all had the same devices, the sun embroidered in gold and the motto NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR. [Daniel] 1738 [Lemau]: Première Compagnie Ecossoise (1st Scottish Company) Uniform : Blue coat, cuffs, lining, waistcoat red, round cuffs, standard pocket flaps, bordered and laces plain silver over all, breeches and stockings red, bandoleer with white and silver squares, laced with silver as is the belt, hat bordered silver, black cockade. [1730] horse furniture of red cloth bordered silver. Six white silk standards. 1706

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February 1678 (Locke's Journal. Chartrand) Tuesday 1 Feb. I saw the review of the Guards du Corps, the Musquetaires & the Grenadiers in

the Plaine de Duile neare St Germains. The Guards du Corps were 11 or 12 squadrons & might be about 12 or 14 hundred men, all lusty, well horsed & well clad, all in blew, new and alike even to their hats and gloves, armed with pistols, carebins & long back swords with well garded hilts. … At least, I am sure the Gards du Corps were soe, some squadrons haveing all yellow ribbons & others all blew. …

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Première Compagnie françoise (1st French Company) Uniform similar to that of the Gardes du Corps Ecossois except that the bandoleers have squares of blue and silver silk on the bandoleer; the horse furniture is of blue and silver cloth. Deuxième Compagnie françoise (2nd French Company) Uniform similar to that of the Gardes du Corps Ecossois except that the bandoleers have squares of green and silver silk on the bandoleer; the horse furniture is of green and silver cloth. Troisième Compagnie françoise (3rd French Company) Uniform similar to that of the Gardes du Corps Ecossois except that the bandoleers have squares of yellow and silver silk on the bandoleer; the horse furniture is of yellow and silver cloth. The four companies have 6 white standards, 6 blue, 6 green and 6 yellow with the royal devices and the words: "NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR", embroidery and fringes gold & silver [Lemau 1738].

Gendarmes et Chevaux-légers de la garde ordinaire du Roi Gendarmes de la garde du Roi Plate No. 003 A (État 1694-1708) The company of Gens d'Armes de la Garde du Roy may be composed of up to 240 Maitres or men at arms. The captain is the king, the captain-lieutenant is the Prince de Soubise [effectively the commander since the king was seldom present], 2 sub-lieutenants, 3 ensigns, 3 guidons (sic), 10 Marechaux de Logis, a Commissaire à la conduite, 8 Brigadiers, 8 Sou-Brigadiers, 1 major, 4 Sous-Aides majors, 4 Porte-Etandarts, 240 Gens d'armes, 4 trumpeters, 1 kettledrummer, a Fourier Ordinaire, a Fourier Extraordinaire, a chaplain, a surgeon, an apothecary, a saddler, a Marechal Ferrant. François de Rohan, Prince de Soubise, was captain-lieutenant from 1672 till 1st January 1704 when he was suceeded by his son, Hercule Meriadec, Prince de Rohan, who commanded until 10th February 1717. The Gendarmes were instituted by king Charles VII of France. On his ascent to the throne king Henri IV selected the best of his Gendarmes to form the Gendarmes de la Garde. The unit was confirmed in an Ordonnance signed by Louis XIII on 29th April 1611, generally taken as the origin of the unit. The complete list of capitaine-lieutenants: 1602 Dec. 14 Marquis de Courtenvaux (Gilles de Souvré) 1615 Mar. 13 Comte de Saint-Géran (Jean-François de La Guiche) 1632 Dec. 4 Marquis du Hallier (François de L’Hôpital), maréchal de France 1643 1647 Feb. 21 Comte de Saligny (Gaspard de Coligny) 1651 Mar. 10 Comte de Miossens (César-Phébus d’Albret), maréchal de France 1654 1666 Jan. 15 Marquis de La Salle (Louis Caillebot) 1673 Sep. 24 Prince de Soubise (François de Rohan) 1703 Dec. 1 Prince de Soubise (Hercule-Mériadec de Rohan) 1734 Jul. Prince de Soubise (Charles de Rohan), maréchal de France 1758 Uniform The uniforms for 1700 shown in the plates are based on the illustrations in “Les Exercices de Mars” and show the round cuffs of that period. The split cuffs seem to have come in later. The wartime uniform was completely red, decorated with gold lace. Note that the officers were often mounted on grey horses while the men were mounted on bays.[Daniel, Chartrand] The horses all had long tails.3 The men were armed with swords and pistols but not with carbines. Hats were decorated with white plumes. Waistcoats were red cloth edged with company lace, breeches red. 1698 red coat, red/gold cuffs, white plume. 1702 red coat, red cuffs, gold lace. 1721 The uniform or habit d’ordonnance is scarlet decorated with borders and laces of gold on all seams, without any mixture of silver. At the last clothing issue made in 1715 cuffs of black velvet were added, which was the ancient uniform of the company [before 1689]. [Daniel] 1730 Horse furniture scarlet cloth, lace and border gold. [Lemau] 1738 Coat scarlet, red lining, slashed cuffs of black velvet and horizontal pockets, lace and brandebourgs of plain gold, buttons and buttonlace and belts all with gold lace, the waistcoat is chamois colour with gold lace and 3

on 19th January 1689 Dangeau noted that all the gendarmerie de la maison were to be mounted on horses with long tails.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 embroidery; breeches and stockings red, hat border gold and white plume, black cockade. [Lemau] Standards 1684-1740 The device on the ensign and the guidon shows lightening bolts falling from the sky with the words: Quo jubet iratus jupiter („Where the wrath of Jupiter commands“) 1721 The standards are of white satin with gold embroidery, their devices are lightening bolts falling from the sky with the words as motto: Quo iubet iratus jupiter [P. Daniel] 1730 The 4 ensigns or guidons are of white silk with lightening bolts falling from the sky with the words: Quo iubet iratus jupiter, embroidery and fringes gold & silver. [Lemau]

Chevaux-légers de la garde du Roi Plate No. 003 B Here the list of capitaine-lieutenants: 1592 Apr. 1 de La Curée (Gilbert Filhet) 1619 Apr. 29 de Brantes (Léon d’Albert) 1630 Jan. 24 Duc d’Halluyn (Charles de Schomberg), maréchal de France 1637 1652 Mar. 20 Marquis de Saint Mesgrin (or Mégrin, Jaques Stuert de Causade) +1652 1652 July Comte de La Vauguyon (N. de Quélen) 1653 May 30 Marquis de Navailles (Philippe de Montaut-Besnac), maréchal de France 1675 1664 July 30 Duc de Chaulnes (Charles d’Albert d’Ailly) 1670 Aug. Duc de Chevreuse (N. d’Albert d’Ailly) 1704 --- Duc de Monfort (N. d’Albert d’Ailly) + 1704 Landau 1704 Nov. 2 Duc de Chaulnes (Louis-Auguste d’Albert d’Ailly) brother of above, maréchal de France 1741 1717 Mr le Vidame d’Amiens, son of above [Daniel – not in Susane] 1729 Jan. 8 Duc de Piquigny (N. d’Albert d’Ailly) 1731 July 22 Duc de Chaulnes (Louis-Auguste d’Albert d’Ailly) 1735 Feb 25 Duc de Chaulnes (Michel-Ferdinand d’Albert d’Ailly) 1769 Duc de Aiguillon (Armand de Vignerod du Plessis-Richelieu) [État 1694] A company of 240 maîtres; captain is the King, a captain-lieutenant, two sous-lieutenants, 4 cornettes, 10 maréchaux des logis, 8 brigadiers and 8 sous-brigadiers, 4 porte-étendards... The company was instituted unter Henry IV of France in 1593. Uniform The uniform was always completely red and decorated with gold lace into which silver was mixed to differenciate them from the Gendarmes. The men were armed with swords and pistols. Only 20 carbines were carried by selected pensioners [experienced troopers who received a pension]. Only in 1714 were uniform pistols introduced, before that each trooper bought his own set. The horses of the Chevaux-légers were not uniform, unlike those of the Gendarmes and Mousquetaires. [Daniel, according to Chartrand they rode bays] Officers rode dun horses. 4 Hats were decorated with white plumes. Waistcoats were red cloth edged with company lace, breeches red. When on campaign the king habitually wore the uniform of the captain of the Chevaux-légers. 6./16 Aug. 1660 Theatrum Europaeum, Entry of the King into Paris. Chevaux-Léger under the Duke of Noailles in red coats with gold and silver. 25 June 1667 Siege of Bergues His Majesty ................followed by the Chevaux-légers of his Guard, in red casaques enriched with six ranks of lace of gold and silver, having all their hats decorated with white plumes.... [Riencourt] 1698 red coat, cuffs red/gold, white plume. 1702 red coat, red cuffs, lace gold and silver. 1721 Regarding the clothes, the uniform or habit d’Ordonnance is always scarlet laced with gold with some silver mixed into it to distinguish the Chevaux-légers from the Gendarmes, who have all laces in gold. … The

cuffs have been of velvet for a long time; they have been left so for several years but they have gone back to the last dress of 1714 again. 4

Monday, 19th July 1700, Versailles, the Marquis de Dangeau observed that all the officers of gendarmes de la Garde were mounted on greys and those of the chevaux-légers were mounted on dun horses.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 All the officers have more or less galoon according to their rank. The cloak of the Chevaux-Légers is also uniform. It is of the same material and the same lace as the coat and with more or less galoon according to the ranks and the models agreed by the King. … the pistol covers and saddlecloths follow the uniform dress. …[P. Daniel] 1738 Coat scarlet, red lining, slit cuffs of black velvet and horizontal pockets laced full of gold with gold brandebourgs all over, buttons and buttonlaces of silver and belts black and decorated with gold, waistcoat chamois with gold lace and borders and with silver buttons, breeches and stockings red, hat bordered gold and silver with a white plume, white cockade. [1730] Horse furnitures scarlet laced gold and bordered silver. [Lemau] Standards [État 1694] The emblem on the standards is lightening which wipes out giants with the words: Sensere gigantes. 1721 The standard of the Chevaux-légers is square and about one and a half feet broad and high, it is embroidered in gold and silver and in the middle is a large octagonal cartouche with the emblem of the company which is a lightening bolt with a motto composed of the Latin words: Sensere gigantes … [P. Daniel] 1738 The 4 standards are of white silk with the lightening bolt which wipes out the giants and the words: Sensere gigantes, embroidery and fringes gold & silver. [Lemau]

Mousquetaires de la garde ordinaire du Roi Plate No. 004 A List of capitaines-lieutenants of the 1st company: 1657 Jan. 10 Duc de Nevers (Philippe de Mancini) 1667 Jan. 15 Comte d’Artaignan (Charles de Bats-Castelmor) 1673 July 3 de Forbin (Louis) 1684 Mai 3 de Maupertuis (Louis de Melun) 1716 Feb. 18 Comte d’Artagnan (Louis de Montesquiou) 1729 Jan. Comte d’Avejan 1738 May 21 Marquis de Jumilhac (Pierre-Joseph de Chapelle) 1767 Comte de La Chèze (N. Portalès) Plate No. 004 B List of capitaines-lieutenants of the 2nd company: 1665 Jan. 9 de Maulevrier (Édouard-François Colbert) 1672 Apr. 20 Comte de Tourvoye (François de Montbaron) 1674 May 18 Marquis de Jauvelles (Henri de Hautfaye) 1692 June 1 Marquis de Vins (Jean de Garde d’Agoult) 1716 June 30 Marquis de Canillac (Jean de Montboissier-Beaufort) 1729 Apr. 11 Marquis de Montboissier-Beaufort (Philippe-Claude) 1754 Apr. 1 Marquis de La Rivière (Charles-Yves Thibaut) 1766 Vicomte de Montboissier (Charles-Philippe-Simon) [État 1684] 2 companies of Mousquetaires à cheval (1st company Grands Mousquetaires) of 250 men. [État 1694-1708] There are two companies of Mousquetaires à cheval. Those of the first company are called the Grands Mousquetaires, which number 250 and more and the Mousquetaires of the second company are also 250 or more.... The number is not fixed at all. First company: Captain the King, Capitaine Lieutenant Mr de Melun de Maupertuis, 2 Sou Lieutenans, 2 ensigns, 2 cornets, 8 Marechaux de Logis, a Commissaire à la Conduite, 4 Brigadiers, 16 Sou Brigadiers, Porte Etandart, Porte Drapeau, 250 Mousquetaires, 6 drummers, 4 hautbois, a chaplain, 4 Fouriers, a surgeon, an apothecary, a Maréchal Ferrant, a saddler, an armourer, 3 Thresoriers of the 2 companies, a Garçon Major. Second company: Captain the King, Capitaine Lieutenant Mr le Marquis de Vins, 2 Sou Lieutenans, 2 ensigns, 2 cornets, 8 Marechaux de Logis, a Commissaire à la Conduite, 4 Brigadiers, 16 Sou Brigadiers, Porte Etandart, Porte Drapeau, 250 Mousquetaires, 6 drummers, 4 hautbois, a chaplain, 4 Fouriers, a surgeon, an apothecary, a Maréchal Ferrant, a saddler, an armourer, 3 Thresoriers of the 2 companies, a Garçon Major.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 As the dragoons of the guard the musketeers fought both on horse and on foot. For this reason they had both a standard and a flag. When serving on horse the standard was carried in the centre and the flag on the right of the line. When serving on foot the flag was in the centre and the standard on the right. [Daniel] Uniforms 6./16 Aug. 1660 Theatrum Europaeum, Entry of the King into Paris: 1 Compagnie Mousquetaires à Cheval in their blue coats set with silver galloon whose sleeves are decorated with the king’s cipher, their leader de Marsac on a grey, Gallard on a brown with saddlecloths of gold embroidery. These Mousquetaires were given to the king by the cardinal. 1 Compagnie old Mousquetaires under Mr. d’Artagnan in blue velvet coats on the sleeves and under on the coats silver crosses. The first troop has white, the 2nd with white-black-yellow, the 3rd with white-blue and the 4th with white-green feathers on their hats. 25 June 1667 Siege of Bergue: His Majesty ....was preceded by two companies of Mousquetaires in blue casaques decorated with gold and silver ...[Riencourt] The Mousquetaires of one company have their hats laced with gold and the lace of the second is gold and silver. Red coats, blue cloaks distinguish them from the Gardes du Corps. One company is mounted entirely on black horses and the other on grey horses, those on greys with gold lace and those with blacks with gold and silver lace. [Locke]5 [État 1694-1708] On the coats and the hat border of the Mousquetaires of the first company the lace is gold and the lace of those of the second is silver. In addition the Mousquetaires of the first company have red flames in the four corners or angles of the cross which is on their casaque, each flame having three points and those of the second have yellow flames and each flames has five points. (1708) Similar crosses and flames can be found on their subrevestes. The Mousquetaires of the first company are all mounted on white horses (Mousquetaires gris) & those of the second are on black horses (Mousquetaires noirs). May 1681 (Arrival of the Moskowite ambassador – review of the exercises of the company of Mousquetaires.] When the exercise finished the Company defiled beneath the windows where they were standing. The six Maréchaux de Logis marched at their hear.... Their coats were of scarlet charmiered (decorated) with a gold galoon (lace) on the cuffs and several other places. [Mercure Galant] 1683 the swordbelts were changed from baldricks over the shoulder to waisbelts. These were inconvenient with the traditional, tabard-style, casaque. This was therefore changed to the soubreveste as illustrated in the plates in 1688. Note that it was never worn by officers, only by non-commissioned officers and men. [Pétard] At the same date, 1683, the king determined that they should no longer wear stiff, jacked, cavalry boots but soft boots to ease duty on foot. [Daniel] 1698 red lined red with gold lace, supreveste blue, white plume.[Corfey] The mousquetaires first received red uniform justaucorps in 1677. Up till then the king had determined what was to be worn as the occasion arose. White ostrich feathers on hat. After a painting by P-P A Robert, 1729, he gives a scarlet justaucorps lined red, entirely bordered in gold lace with similar buttonhole lace, about 25 on each side of the front and about a dozen at the back. The rectangular vertical pockets have each 7 buttons and laced buttonholes. The large round cuffs each have 3 buttons and buttonholes and edges bordered in gold lace. The waistcoat is also crimson perhaps lined red with lace around the edges and the horizontal pockets. The amount of lace indicated rank. [Pétard] The casaque, taken from the Persian word Kazagand, was originally worn by the mousquetaires after their foundation by Louis XIII in 1622, was made of four pieces: front, back and the sleeves which could be buttoned down the sides. It was blue lined red with a white velours cross ending in fleur-de-lis on each piece, decorated with gold and silver. Following the king’s example Cardinal Richelieu gave his mousquetaires a casaque in his livery, red with a cross and lace in silver. Disbanded in 1646 the mousquetaires were reorganised again in 1657 to become the “Grands Mousquetaires” to distinguish them from the “Petits Mousquetaires” formed from the guards of Cardinal Mazarin in 1665. In 1655 the king had the first company distinguished by grey horses and the second mounted on blacks. The casaque was now a little shorter with a slit at the back. The cross of the first company was white with red and silver flames (three points). Its red uniform was bordered with gold lace. The cross of the second had yellow and silver flames in the corners (five points), its uniform being red with silver lace. After 1673 all the casaques were blue. The 5

February 1678 (Locke's Journal. Chartrand) Tuesday 1 Feb. I saw the review of the Guards du Corps, the Musquetaires & the Grenadiers in

the Plaine de Duile neare St Germains. …. The Musquetaires were 4 squadrons, about 400 men, clad all alike in red coats, but their clokes blew, but with distinction from those of the Guards du Corps, but half horsed on black horses & half on grey, their coats & belts laced, the grey with gold galoon & the black with gold and silver, their hats and gloves to all the same, even to the ribbans on their hats & crebats.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 ample casaque was a hindrance and became moreso after the introduction of waistbelts for the swords in 1683. The swordbelts were of buff leather edged with gold or silver lace according to the company. In 1688 the casaque was replaced by the soubreveste, a similar garment but without the sleeves, which was to remain largely unchanged as long as the corps existed. Neither the casaque nor the soubreveste were ever worn by officers. N.C.O.s on the other hand wore it with different laces according to rank.For 1721 Delaistre shows them as: two parallel silver laces for the sousbrigadier, three for the brigadier and four for the maréchal des logis who also had the royal cyphre embroidered at the lower corner in front. According to R. P. Daniel the mousquetaires had worn heavy boots up until 1683 when the king desired that they wear softer boots to ease walking since the mousquetaires served on foot as his guards when he was travelling and the stiff jacked cavalry boots were unsuitable for service on foot. Horse equipment was red edged in gold or silver according to company. Behind the saddle the cloak, blue with red lining, was attached with the red lining outwards. First company: 1702 Mousquetaires gris red coat, red cuffs 1738 coat, lining, cuffs and waistcoat scarlet, borders, buttonlace gold and gilded buttons, double vertical pockets, round sleeves, breeches and stocking red, hat with gold lace, white plume, white cockade [1730]; supreveste blue lined red, decorated with a silver double border, the cross white and 4 fleurs-de-lys on the branches, decorated with red and silver flames, embroidered on the front and back, as also on the blue casaques and the belts stitched with gold; the horse furniture is of scarlet cloth bordered gold.The whole company is mounted on grey horses. [Lemau] Second company : 1702 Mousquetaires noirs red coat, red cuffs 1738 coat, lining, cuffs and waistcoat scarlet, borders, buttonlace of silver and silver buttons, vertical double pockets, round cuffs, breeches and stockings red, hat bordered silver, white plume, white cockade. [1730]; supreveste blue decorated with a double silver border, a white cross and 4 fleurs-de.lys on the branches, decorated with yellow and silver flames, embroidered on the front and the back, also on the blue casaques, the belts stitched silver, the horse furniture of scarlet cloth bordered silver. The whole company is mounted on black horses. [Lemau] Standards 1st company: white standard with light blue octagonal centre panel bearing a flaming bomb falling on a city, painted in natural colours, gold oak-branch border, embroidery and trophies in the corners. Blue scroll with motto QUO RUIT ET LETHUM in gold. Gold and silver fringes. Both sides identical. [Chartrand] 2nd company: white standard with octagonal central panel bearing twelve arrows tied by a ribbon. Gold embroidery and trophies in the corners. Silver scroll with motto ALTERUS JOVIS ALTERA TELA. [Chartrand] 1721 The flags of the Mousquetaires are a lot smaller than those of the infantry. The standard is of the usual size of the other standards, it is square. [Daniel] Note that the Mousquetaires had the unusual dignity of possessing both standards and flags to underline their role as dragoons. First company: [État 1694-1708] The emblem on the standards of the first company of Mousquetaires is a bomb which is falling on a town with the words Quo ruit et lethum (Whereever it falls it carries death). 1709 At Malplaquet the Prussians took a standard which surely belonged to this company. It is described by Lehmann as: “A standard of white damask embroidered with gold and silver, small golden fringes, on both sides a bomb is being thrown into a castle, above the castle stand the Latin letters “Quo ruit et letum“. A cord and tassle of gold and white silk, no point. [Zeughaus]

1721

The flag and the standard are of a white ground: those of the first company have as emblem a bomb in the air, coming out of a morter and falling onto a town with the words: Quo ruit et lethum. [P. Daniel]6 Second company: [État 1694-1708] The emblem on the standards of the second company of Mousquetaires is a knot of arrows with the words Alterius jovis altera tela (These are the second missiles of the second Jupiter).

6

Nr. 56 Eine Standarte von weißem Damast von Gold und Silber gestickt, kleine goldenen Fransen; auf jeder Seite wird ein Bombe in ein Kastell geworfen, über obiges Kastell stehen diese lateinischen Buchstaben: quo ruit et letum; eine Patrolle von Gold und weißer Seide, ohne Spitze.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1712 1738

The emblem on the standard and the flag of the second company is a bundle of twelve darts fanned out, the points downwards with the words Alterius jovis, altera tela [P. Daniel] The flag is of white silk painted in gold and the standards embroidered and fringed gold with a bundle of darts in the middle of each and the words as motto: Alterius jovis altera tela. [Lemau]

Company of Grenadiers à cheval Plate No. 002 B List of capitaines-lieutenants of the company: 1676 Dec. Marquis de Riotor (N. de Villemur) 1691 Nov. 16 Marquis de Villemeur (François) 1730 Sep. 18 Marquis de Creil (Jean-François de Nancré) 1744 Mar. 8 Bailli de Grille (Gaspard-Joachim de Robiac) 1759 Apr. 1 Marquis de Lugeac (Charles-Antoine Guérin) The King created this company in December 1676. It was originally composed of 88 men, not including the officers, raised to 120 in 1678, to 150 in 1691 and reduced to 130 in 1721 then to 84 in 1725. The men were three brigades making up a single squadron. There were, apart from the capitain commandant, three lieutenants, three souslieutenants, three maréchaux de logis, six sergeants and six appointés. [Daniel]. In 1692 on Friday 7th of March the Mercure Galant recorded “His Majesty viewed the troops on this occasion.... The Grenadiers à cheval, of which I have not spoken to you, distinguished themselves. ....... and with the augmentation that has been made to this company, which was previously only 100 men, presently making it 150. The satisfaction with this corps of which 50 fought in the combat at Leuze and captured 800 enemy horses, was the cause of this augmentation.” This was also the occasion on which the uniform colour was changed and the unit presented with a standard by reason of the 5 it had captured from the enemy. The first captain was M. de Riotor who was killed leading them at Leuze. He was followed by his brother, Sieur de Riotor de Villemur, who remained captain until 1721. Up until 1730 the grenadiers carried an axe attached to the saddle as was the case for dragoons instead of a second pistol.

Uniform The first uniform was red but from 1692 they had blue uniforms lined red as the following notes show: November 1676 S.M. (Louis XIV) also resolved to raise a new company of 300 horse grenadiers all dressed in red.7 [Mercure Hollandois]… February 1678 They all have the curved sabre, fur caps and red dress. [Mercure Galant] February 1678 coats red with different lace from the Mousquetaires, blue cloaks, grenadier caps, all men with black whiskers. [Locke]8 May 1679 The Grenadiers à cheval were dressed in red without lace, with red pointed caps lined with brown fur. This company forms a squadron. [Mercure Galant] 1692 Friday 7th [of March] His Majesty viewed the troops on this occasion.... The Grenadiers à cheval,.... As they are grenadiers of the royal household it has been found better to dress them in blue instead of red as they have previously been. They appeared with these new coats which are considerably enriched ..... All the troops appeared on review with the cloak knotted on the shoulder and arms in the hand. [Mercure Galant] 1698 blue/gold red/gold. [Corfey – the lace was actually silver] 1698 The Grenadiers à cheval ... their moustaches (in fact, pigtails at the sides) & their coats, they are blue, lined red; they have red waistcoat s with broad lace and fur caps like the dragoons. 1702 blue coat, red cuffs 1738 Blue coat, lining, waistcoat and cuffs red, borders, laces, buttons and buttonlace silver, cuffs round and 7 8

S. M. resolut aussi de lever une nouvelle Compagnie de 300 Grenadiers à cheval tous habillés de rouge February 1678 (Locke's Journal. Chartrand) Tuesday 1 Feb. I saw the review of the Guards du Corps, the Musquetaires & the Grenadiers in

the Plaine de Duile neare St Germains. … The Grenadiers were but one squadron of the same size neare with the others, but their clothes different, their coats being red, but with loops distinguished from the Musqetaires & soe their blew clokes too, but that which did most soe, was an odde fashion cap that was the cover of their heads which turnd backwards. These caps both soldiers and commanders all wore & which seemd an uniformity. More particulars. They all wore great wiskers & I think they were all black, wether to make them look the more terrible, I know not. Their arms were pistols, carebines & short, broad hangers & pouches, & other things fit for the cariage & management of their granados.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 horizontal pockets, buff bandoleers laced silver and belts bordered silver, red cap decorated with black bearskin, laced in silver, breeches and stockings red. Horse furniture blue bordered silver. [Lemau] Both officers and men would have worn the cap in battle and on parade but otherwise hats with silver borders. P. Daniel implies that the officers wore gorgets. While the men rode black horses the officers had greys or dun coloured horses. Standards 1721 Their standard is white and they have as an emblem a gold embroidered bomb which is bursting in the air with the words: Undique terror, undique lethum. [P. Daniel] 1738 The standard of white silk, embroidered and fringed gold with a bomb bursting in the air and throwing firey grenades and the words as motto: Undique terror, undique lethum.[Lemau]

Gendarmerie de France Originally, during the middle ages, the term “Gendarme” referred to fully armoured gentlemen who were not knight-bannerets and had a small number of followers: “Gens d’armes” = men at arms. Under Charles VII in 1445 they were put on a more regular footing as 15 “compagnies des ordonnances” or “Hommes d’Armes” consisting of chosen nobles. These were still independent companies of 100 “lances”, each lance of 6 men, consisting of a Gendarme, a “coutilier” with sword and halbard, 3 archers (young gentlemen aspiring to become Écuyers/Esquires) and a page or valet, who carried the lance when not in battle, giving a total of 600 men under their respective captains and wearing his livery. They were the first regular cavalry units ranking just behind the Maison du Roi. The archers were later formed into separate units, receiving the name of “chevaux légers” or light horse, while the Gendarmes, following military fashion, gradually lost more and more of the complete armour which had given them their name as well as loosing the lance as a weapon. The companies also diminished in size. Finally, at the Peace of the Pyrenees in 1659, Louis XIV disbanded all but four of the companies of which he was captain, disbanding further companies of princes of the blood when these princes died. During his reign he augmented the companies again until in 1690 they reached the total of 16 companies in 8 squadrons as discussed below. They were also known as “petite Gendarmerie” to differentiate them from the gendarmes of the guard. The gendarmerie was the refuge of that part of the nobility which was not rich enough to buy or form its own regiment.

Organisation Since the king was their captain they were commanded by a capitaine-lieutenant (lieutenant acting as captain). When later companies were added they were formed in pairs, one company of gendarmes and one of chevau-légers, (“Chevaux-Légers” in the orthography of the time) the name originally meaning a rider without a cuirass in contrast to the heavily armoured gendarme. Altogether 16 companies or 8 squadrons [Etat 1694] The Gendarmerie9 consists of: 1) Gendarmes Ecossois 2) Gendarmes Anglois 3) Gendarmes Bourguignons 4) Gendarmes Flamans 5) Gendarmes de la Reine, 6) Chevaux-Légers de la Reine, 7) Gendarmes du Monseigneur le Dauphin 8) Chevaux-Légers de Monseigneur le Dauphin

9

July 1690 [Mercure Galant] Le Roy a esté si satisfait de sa petite Gendarmerie qu'il l'a considerablement augmenté. Elle n'estoit que de douze

compagnies & elle est presentment de seize, S.M. en ayant creé une nouvelle de Gendarmes & une autre de Chevaux-legers ... de Monseigneur le Duc d'Anjou (=de Bourgogne), & deux autres semblables, l'une de Gendarmes & l'autre de Chevaux-legers de Monseigneur le Duc de Berry. Chaque Compagnie n'estoit que de 50 Gendarmes ou Chevaux-legers & de deux Marechaux des Logis, ce qui faisoit seulement 4 Escadrons & à l'avenir chaque Compagnie sera de 76 Gendarmes ou Chevaux-legers, de 2 Trompettes & d'un Timballier & l'on en fera 8 Escadrons, 2 Compagnies suffisant pour en faire un.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 9) Gendarmes de Bourgogne 10) Chevaux-Légers de Bourgogne 11) Gendarmes d'Anjou 12) Chevaux-Légers d'Anjou 13) Gendarmes de Berry 14) Chevaux-Légers de Berry 15) Gendarmes d'Orléans 16) Chevaux-Légers d'Orléans The squadrons were formed of two companies each as follows: 1) Gendarmes Ecossois 1st Sqn. 1st comp. 9) Gendarmes de Bourgogne/Bretagne 2nd comp. 2nd Sqn. 1st comp. 2) Gendarmes Anglois 10) Chevaux-Légers de Bourgogne 2nd comp. 3) Gendarmes Bourguignons 3rd Sqn. 1st comp. 11) Gendarmes d'Anjou 2nd comp. 4) Gendarmes Flamans 4th Sqn. 1st comp. 12) Chevaux-Légers d'Anjou 2nd comp. 5th Sqn. 1st comp. 5) Gendarmes de la Reine 13) Gendarmes de Berry 2nd comp. 6) Chevaux-Légers de la Reine 6th Sqn. 1st comp. 14) Chevaux-Légers de Berry 2nd comp. 7) Gendarmes du Monseigneur le Dauphin 7th Sqn. 1st comp. 15) Gendarmes d'Orléans 2nd comp. 8th Sqn. 1st comp. 8) Gendarmes de Bourgogne Chevaux-Légers du Dauphin 16) Chevaux-Légers d'Orléans 2nd comp. At first the companies had 140 or even 280 men and made up one or even 2 squadrons each. After the Peace of Nijmegen 1678 all the companies were reduced to 50 maîtres. After Fleurus, 1690, they were raised to 80 maîtres with an increase of 1 to 4 maréchaux de logis.[Daniel] In 1690 each company was composed of: 1 capitaine-lieutenant a lieutenant since the king was the captain 1 sous-lieutenant 2nd lieutenant 1 ensign and 1 guidon in the chevau-légers 2 cornets 4 maréchaux des logis sergeant major 2 brigadiers corporal 2 sous-brigadiers lance-corporal 76 gendarmes or chevau-légers 2 trumpeters The number of gendarmes varied from time to time being about 80 in peace and 160 in war. The ranks do not represent the true rank of the maîtres since, for example, the maréchaux des logis ranked as captains of cavalry, the brigadiers as lieutenants. Only the senior companies of squadrons should also have had a timbalier (kettledrummer) but in fact several other companies also had one. In 1715 each company had the following strength [Daniel]: capitaine lieutenant sous-lieutenant ensigns and guidons (in the chevaux-légers a premier cornette and second cornette) 4 maréchaux des logis 2 brigadiers 2 sous-brigadiers 1 porte-étandart 1 porte-guidon (2 port-cornettes in the chevaux-légers) 2 fouriers 76-80 gendarmes or chevaux-légers 2 trompettes (supernumary)

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 The Gendarmerie was never brigaded with the maison du roi nor with the ordinary cavalry in action but always served separately. A peculiar tradition was that the gendarmes reported only to the king while the chevau-légers took their orders from the general in the staff of the cavalerie-légere, thus the king appointed the officers of the gendarmes while the colonel-général appointed those of the chevau-légers. [Susane]

Armament The gendarmes and chevau-légers were identically armed, both being equipped with a rifled carbine, two pistols and a sabre with a silver hilt. [Susane] Uniform The coat was completely red, laced in silver, waistcoat buff leather, a bandoleer of buff leather bordered in silver. Around 1700 the cuffs were round. [Guerard] Beginning 1730 the bandoleer was distinguished with the particular colour of the company which also appeared in the cord of the sabre or sword, on the trumpet-flags and the kettledrumcovers. Note that the distinctive colour was the same for those companies which formed squadrons but that the leading company had a darker shade than the second. The cuffs were round and pockets horizontal, breeches and stockings were red, the hat bordered in silver and with a black cockade. The horse furniture was red with the monogramme of the company in silver. [Susane] The monogrammes are shown in the plates. Unlike the Gardes, the musicians of the Gendarmerie did not have false sleeves at the back of the coat. The companies were differentiated by their bandoleer colour after 1730 – see these below together with the standards. 1698 red coat, cuffs red /silver, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver for all. [Corfey] 1698 The Gendarmerie ... is dressed in a lovely red cloth with buttons and buttonlace of silver and a silver lace on the cuffs, ..... they have ornaments on the saddlecloths and pistol covers which distinguish the companies. The officers have broad silver brandebourgs. The remainder of the equipage is no less rich. The Marechaux des logis are also very proper. [MercGal] 9 Sept. 1698 Camp at Compiègne The Gendarmes and the Chevau-légers of this corps have red coats with silver lace on all seams, 2 ½ inches broad, and the officers have ones where the lace is 4 inches broad. The saddlecloth and the pistol covers of the latter are covered with silver laces. [Chevalier de Quincy] 1702 Gendarmerie coat completely red, cuffs red. 1738 Coat, lining and cuffs red bordered silver, buttons silver plated, waistcoat chamois coloured, borders and buttons silver, cuffs round and horizontal pockets with silver lace, breeches and stockings red, belt and hat bordered silver and black cockade. The horse furniture is of red cloth bordered silver with the cypher of each company embroidered in silver. [Lemau] 1721 “All officers including the Maréchaux des Logis are to dress at their own expense.” The chefs de brigade dressed the brigadiers, sous-brigadiers, porte-étendarts and gendarmes at their expense; in wartime new dress was issued every two years, sometimes every three; and in time of peace every four years, this costing more or less depending on the times. Saddlecloths were to last for two clothing periods, cloaks were reissued as needed. [Hanotaux] 1721 Superior Officers: such as capitaines, sous-lieutenants, ensigns guidons, first and second cornets, major, aidemajor were all uniformly dressed in fine scarlet cloth with a silver lace two inches broad on all seams and edges as shown in the illustrations. Waistcoats were of chamois-coloured cloth laced in silver emphasised with black thread, breeches scarlet, belts chamois bordered with a one-inch silver lace, the hat with silver lace edging, white feathers and a black cockade. [Hanotaux] 1721 Maréchaux des Logis (N.C.O.s) Dressed similarly to the superior officers with the same lace but only one and a half inches broad, waistcoat in chamois cloth with buttons and button-lace in white wire, the hat bordered white, white plume and black cockade, belts chamois edged silver. [Hanotaux] 1721 Brigadiers (sergeants) and sous-brigadiers (corporals) cloth not as fine as that of the officers. They had only two laces on the cuffs apart from the edging, and one around the pockets, the rest of the uniform being the same as that of the simple gendarmes who had two laces on the front of the justaucorps, on the edges of the slit at the back, the cuffs and the pockets with the buttons of silver-plated tin, the lining being of red serge. [Hanotaux] 1721 Portes-étendarts, Fourriers and Gendarmes: had only one broad lace on the cuff apart from the edging, the waistcoat being of chamois leather or sometimes of buffalo10 skin edged with a silver lace. The belt was of buffalo skin edged with silver lace, the hat edged with silver with the black cockade, breeches were as desired and at the expense of the man, the swords were of silver-plated copper with the blades two inches broad. 10

Wild buffalo skin from eastern Europe. Elk skin from northern or eastern Europe was also used.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Carbines and pistols were as for the rest of the cavalry. [Hanotaux] Minor details vary from illustration to illustration against the description given above. Standards 16 types, 5 white, 6 blue, 5 red, one yellow. The companies of the chiefs of squadrons had each 2 standards, 1 kettledrum and 4 trumpets, the others only had one standard and 2 trumpeters without a kettledrummer. [Susane ] 1721 The standard of the Gendarmerie are square just as those which almost all the cavalry troops have. [Daniel] 1721: Standards are rectangular and about 58x67cm, fixed to a turnier lance, 10 feet one inch tall(3.17m) including the gilded point and shoe. A white sash without a fringe is tied around the tip and held by a cord of metal and silk with tassles of the same colours. The cloth is fringed in gold and silver on all four sides. The standard was carried in a blackened boot and held by a bandoleer of chamois edged with silver lace, attached with a chain or hook. Note that the cloth is attached to the staff with the motto’s ribbon parallel to the staff, i.e. vertical, which may also be found in dragoon and infantry flags of the period. [Hanotaux] General model: These consist of a central medallion shaped like a long octagon with a scene in natural colours. This octagon is surrounded by decorations embroidered in gold and silver and identical for all these models. In each corner is an armature in gold and silver, tied with a red-lined silver ribbon. 1738

The 16 companies of Gendarmes and Chevaux-légers du Roi and of the princes form 8 squadrons, of which the bandoleers of the first 4 squadrons are of yellowish silk, violet, green and aurore and those of the other squadrons are of red and blue silk, all with silver lace and borders. [Lemau]

1st Company Gendarmes Écossois du Roy Plate No. 005 A Capitaines-Lieutenants 1422 d’Arnesay et d’Aubigny (Jean Stuart), comte de Boucan +February 1429 in the “Battle of the Herrings” against the English under Falstaff, defending an English supply train. 1429 d’Aubigny (Jean Stuart), son of preceding 1445 the name changed from Cent lances écossaises to 1st company of ordonnances 1455 d’Aubigny (Robert Stuart), maréchal de France in 1515 1495 Comte d’Aran (Jacques Hamilton) 1512.12.04 d’Aubigny (Robert Stuart), comte 1567 d’Aubigny (Jean Stuart), comte 1601 Prince d’Écosse (Henri Stuart) 1620 Prince d’Écosse (Charles Stuart), Charles I, king of England 1625 Marquis de Huntley (Georges Gordon) 1648 Duc d’York (Jacques Stuart), James II, king of England, given to France in 1667 1655.12.16 Bailli Chevalier d’Hautefeuille (Étienne Texier, first French commander of company) 1676.01.20 Marquis de Livourne (Charles-Emmanuel-Philibert de Simiane-Pianezzi) 1682.08 Marquis de Mouy (N. de Vaudray) 1692.05.18 Comte de Roucy (François de La Rochefoucauld) 1707.04 Marquis de Nesle (Louis de Mailly, prince d’Orange) 1714 Comte de Mailly 1733.07.23 Comte de Rubempré (Louis de Mailly) James II “was captain of the Gendarmes Écossois up to 1667 and had as his Lieutenant-Commandant the Count of Schomberg, later maréchal de France, killed at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland haven taken up arms against the same prince.” [Daniel] This is without doubt a unique example in European military history of a company which existed for 366 years without interruption and without any essential change in its organisation or service. It saw action in all the wars of France from the time of Joan of Arc until the Revolution. [Susane] Standard

25

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 The standard white silk (from 1665 according to Charrié), a large dog running on a plain and the words as motto: In omni modo fidelis, (“faithful in every way” referring to the loyalty of the Scots in French service) on the back a crowned gold fleur-de-lys, embroidered and fringed in gold. For the back of the standard see plate no. 013 A. 1721 The Gendarmes Écoissois have as emblem in their standard a large dog running into a plain where there are some trees, with the words: In omni modo fidelis. …[Daniel] 1730 This Scottish company, first of the squadron, wears bandoleers of yellowish silk, decorated in silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner yellow with silver lace. “LG” Louis le Grand” in corners of saddlecloth and pistolcovers. [Susane]

2nd Company Gendarmes Anglois du Roy Plate No. 005 B Capitaines-Lieutenants

1667.11.27 1675 1689 1692 1693.11.01 1706.02 1715 1726.09.12

Comte d’Abercorn (Georges Hamilton) + 1675 Saverne Comte de La Guette Chevalier de Crosly (Croissis? Croly?) Chevalier de Béthomas + shortly after Marsaglia Marquis de Mézières (Eugène-Marie de Béthizy) Chevalier de Janson (N. de Forbin) Marquis de Verderonne Marquis de Pontchartrain

Since parliament had obliged Charles II to get rid of Catholic officers, George Hamilton lead a party of English, Scottish and Irish officers to France where Louis XIV caused the creation of a company of 200 gendarmes, declaring himself captain of it on 27th Nov. 1667. The Scots officers were put into the Gendarmes Écossois. Standard The standard white silk (since 1667 after Charrié) with a sun and 8 (7 after Susane, 8 after Hanotaux/Delaistre) eaglets flying towards it and the words: Tuus ad te nos vocat ardor, “Ardour makes us fly towards you “, on the back the cipher of the company, embroidered and fringed gold. For the back of the standard see plate no. 013 A. 1721 The Gendarmes Anglois have on their standard a sun and eight eaglets rising from the ground to fly towards it, with the words: Tuus ad te nos vocat ardor. [Daniel] Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner violet with silver lace. “LG” Louis le Grand” in corners of saddlecloth and pistolcovers. [Susane] 1730 Bandoleers of violet silk, decorated in silver.

3rd Company Gendarmes Bourguignons du Roi Plate No. 006 A Capitaines-Lieutenants 1668.04.01 Chevalier de Fourilles (Fourvilles?) (N. de Chaumejean) + Seneffe 1674 1670.04.24 Comte de Broglie (Victor-Maurice), 1724 maréchal de France 1683.01.13 Marquis de Flamanville (Jean-René Bazan) 1702.01.29 Comte de Linières (N. des Essarts) 1707 Marquis de Renty (Renti? Ranty?) 1713.06.10 Marquis de Castelmoron (Charles-Gabriel de Belzunce) 1735.01.01 Comte de Castelmoron (N. de Belzunce), son of preceding The company was formed on the first conquest of the Franche Comté as chevau-légers and transformed into gendarmes on the second, final conquest of the Franche Comté in August 1674. Standard The standard white silk (since 1668 after Charrié) with a large cross of Burgundy and four little ones in the corners without inscriptions, the back has the company cypher, embroidered and fringed in gold, a further cross of Burgundy [Susane]. 1709 At the battle of Malplaquet the Prussians took a standard which was certainly from this company. It is

26

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

1721 1730

described as being of white damask with gold and silver embroidery and small golden fringes. On each side a large and in the 4 corners 4 small Burgundian crosses embroidered with red and black silk. The cords and tassles are of gold and white silk with a gilded iron point. 11 The Gendarmes Bourguignons have on their standard five crosses of Burgundy, that is to say, five saltires, four little ones in the corners and a large one in the middle without inscription. Daniel] Green silk bandoleers, decorated with silver (1730). Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner green with silver lace. [Susane]

Uniform 1671 An invoice from the Turin archives contains the following details [Archivio Stato Torino Materie militari Levate Truppe Paese M. 1]: Memoire de ce que a esté fourny pour equiper et abiller la compagnie de [Gensdarmes de] Bourgogne commandée par Mr le comte de Broglie 96 chapeaux a raison de 50 r chacun 96 paires de gands 176 aunes de drap du mousnier 327 aulnes de serge d'aumalles 56 aulnes de serge de St Lau Por la façon de 96 justeaucorps 96 cravattes de tafetas noir Pour la brodure de 96 ousses 69 aulnes de toille pour doubler les ousses Por le tafetas de 96 escharpes 96 baudriers et 96 bandouillieres 96 sabres de cuivre doré 96 paires de chaprons de pistollets 6 marck 3 onces 4 gros de gallon or et argent pour border les chapeaux 528 douzaines de boutons à queue or et argent pour les justeaucorps y en ayant sur chacun 5 douzaines 1/2 Pour chacun des justeaucorps 4 douzaines et dix boutons argent et soye 325 douzaines de boutons or et argent a cordelier 250 douzaines de boutons argent et soye a cordellier 17 marck six onces six gros de chesnettes or et argent pour couvrir les coutures des justeaucorps 71 mars 3 onces 3 gros de galon or et argent pour border les baudriers et bandolieres Pour retrousser les chapeaux une once trois gros de gance et 8 douzaines de boutons 44 marcs 4 onces de franges or et argent pour 96 escharpes Note the extremely large number of buttons worn on the coats at this stage – 5½ dozen! Cravattes were black, there was silver lace on all seams and silver & gold fringed silk sashes were worn.

4th Company Gendarmes de Flandre du Roi Plate No. 006 B Capitaines-Lieutenants 1673.04.12 Comte de Marchin (Ferdinand), maréchal de France 1703 as Marsin 1698.03.15 Chevalier de Roye (Barthélemy de La Rochefoucauld) 1716.09.12 Comte de Tavannes (Henri-Charles de Saulx) 1723.06.14 Comte de Chatellux (Guillaume-Antoine de Beauvoir) Also known as the Gendarmes Flamands, it was created on the conquest of the Low Countries, its first captain being a Belgian, better known under the French version of his name, Marsin (of Blenheim fame) and who died of wounds received at Turin, 1706. 11

Nr. 57 Eine Standarte von weißen Damast mit Gold und Silber gestickt, kleine goldene Fransen; in jeder Ecke (Seite!) ein großes und in den vier

Ecken vier kleine burgundische Kreuze von roth und schwarzer Seide gestickt. Die Patrollen von Gold und weißer Seide gestickt nebst einer eisernen vergoldeten Spitze.

27

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Standard The standard is of blue silk (since 1673 after Charrié) with a sun in its splendor and the words as a motto: Nec pluribus impar, “Nor do I yield to many” on the back the company cypher, embroidered and fringed in gold. 1721 1730

The Gendarmes de Flanders have on their standard the motto of the late king, that is, a sun in its splendour with the words: Nec pluribus impar. [Daniel] Aurore silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, feuille-morte with silver lace. As an exception to the rule, the trumpet flag and kettledrum banner were blue, like the standard. [Susane]

5th Company Gendarmes de la Reine Plate No. 007 A Capitaines-Lieutenants 1661.05.13 Marquis de Garo (or “Haro”?) 1677.05.21 Marquis de Lannion (Pierre) 1693.03.30 Marquis de Lanmary (Lanmarie?) 1702.11.08 Marquis de Vertilly (René de Charlus) 1705.03 Marquis de Tournemine + Malplaquet 11.09.1709 1709.09.26 Marquis de Mérinville (François-Louis de Monstiers) 1719.03.06 Marquis de Mérinville (François-Louis-Martial de Monstiers) Not to be confused with the old company of the same title belonging to Queen Anne of Austria, that was disbanded on the death of the queen in 1666. This one was named after Marie-Thérèse d’Autriche and was formed in the strength of 200 men in honour of the young queen. [Susane] Standard The standard is of red silk with the arms of the queen, crowned with that of France, semé of gold fleurs-de-lys and the words as motto: Seu pacem seu bella gero, “I make peace or wage war” on the back the company cipher, embroidered and fringed in gold. 1721 The Gendarmes and Chevaux-Légers de la Reine have two conjoined oval cartouches. One contains the arms of France and the other the arms of Spain, crowned with the crown of France and supported by two palmbranches crossed and tied with a ribbon with the words: Seu pacem, seu bella gero. [Daniel] 1730 Red silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner poppyred with silver lace. [Susane]

6th Company Chevau-Légers de la Reine Plate No. 007 B Capitaines-Lieutenants 1661.06.13 Marquis de Villiers 1671 Marquis de Fervaques 1676.04.07 Marquis de Sebbeville (Seppeville? Bernardin Cadot) 1692.06 Marquis d’Ancezune de Caderousse 1699.04.20 Comte de Sebbeville (Charles-Louis Cadot) 1707.04 Marquis d’Estréhan (N. d’Héricy) 1709 Marquis de Buzenval 1716 Comte du Fargis 1734.03.25 Marquis de Surgères (Alexandre-Nicolas de La Rochefoucauld) There had been a company of chevau-légers under the queen-mother, Anne d’Autriche but it, too, had been disbanded on her death in 1666. The company for Marie-Thérèse d’Autriche was created one month after the gendarmes de la Reine with the same strength and privileges. There was no difference between the standards of the two companies of the queen. They were never put in the same squadron.

28

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Standard The standard is of red silk, emblems and embroidery gold, similar to those of the Gendarmes de la Reyne. 1721 As for the Gendarmes de la Reine [P. Daniel] 1730 Red silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner cherryred with silver lace. [Susane]

7th Company Gendarmes de Monseigneur le Dauphin Plate No. 008 A Capitaines-Lieutenants 1665.12.13 Marquis de Rochefort (Henri-Louis d’Aloigny) 1669.09.04 Marquis de La Trousse (Philippe-August Le Hardy) 1690.05 Chevalier de Soyecourt + 01.07.1690 Fleurus 1690.08.16 Comte d’Estaing (François de Saillant) 1713.04.18 Comte de Jonzac (Jonsac) 1738.04.16 Marquis de Tillières (Jaques Tanneguy Le Veneur) Created on a footing of 300 men Standard The standard is of white silk with an agitated sea and a boat in the middle of the tempest where three dolphins appear to be playing and the words: Pericula ludus, “They play with danger”on the revers the company cypher, embroidered and fringed in gold. They wear blue silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. This company was created on 13th December 1665 for the Grand Dauphin … with a strength of 300 men. The uniform was turkish blue with dolphins embroidered in silver on the saddlecloths of the horses. (There is no other reference to Turkish blue uniforms, so these may only have been worn shortly after creation.) [Memoires Saint-Simon] 1721 The Gendarmes and Chevaux-Légers Dauphins have an agitated sea on which there is a ship in the middle of a tempest. Three dolphins appear to be playing, the words of the motto: Pericula ludus. [Daniel] Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner turquise with silver lace. The corners of the saddlecloths were decorated with two silver dolphins surmounted by the royal crown. Standards white with an agitated sea and a ship around which three dolphins are playing with the motto: Sunt pericula ludus. On the reverse the company’s symbol all embroidered in silver and fringed in gold. [Susane]

8th Company Chevaux-légers de Monseigneur le Dauphin Plate No. 008 B Capitaines-Lieutenants 1663.01.28 Marquis de La Vallière (N. de La Baume Le Blanc) 1670 Comte de Mérinville (N. de Monstiers) 1674 Comte de Villarceau (N. de Mornay) 1677 Marquis de Villarceau (N. de Mornay) + 01.07.1690 Fleurus 1690 Marquis de Toiras (N. du Caylar de Saint-Bonnet) + Leuze 1691 Marquis d’Urfé 1693 Marquis de Drosménil (N. de Hallancourt) 1703 Marquis d’Auvet (Dauvet) 1727.04.02 Marquis d’Argouges (Henri-Louis de Fleury) Standard Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner a lighter turquise with silver lace. The corners of the saddlecloths were decorated with two silver dolphins surmounted by the royal crown. Standards white with an agitated sea and a ship around which three dolphins are playing with the motto: Sunt pericula ludus. On the reverse the company’s symbol all embroidered in silver and fringed in gold. [Susane] The standard is of white silk, emblem and embroidery in gold similar to those of the Gendarmes Dauphins.

29

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 This company was created in 1663 …. Their uniform was a little lighter in colour than (that of) the gendarmes. [Memoires Saint-Simon]

9th Company Gendarmes de Bourgogne (Bretagne, Berry) Plate No. 009 A Capitaines-Lieutenants 1690.08.30 Marquis de Virieu 1695 Comte de Mortagne (N. Collin) 1701 Marquis de Gassion + 13.08.1704 Blenheim 1704 Marquis de Castelmoron (Charles-Gabriel de Belzunce) 1712 Marquis de Trudaine (Trudenne?) 1730.10.12 Marquis de Lanmary (or Lammary Marc-Antoine Front Beaupoil de Sainte-Aulaire) Created for the Duc de Bourgogne, grandson of Louis XIV, in 1690, it carried this title until his death and on 8th June 1711 it was carried over to the Duc de Bretagne and took the name of Gendarmes de Bretagne. On his death on 18th March 1712 it retained the name until 15th September 1751 when it was given to the new Duc de Bourgogne, finally becoming Gendarmes de Berry on 23rd March 1762. Standard The standard is of blue silk with a large tree and a little one at the side and the words: Triumphalis a stipite surgit, “It rises from a triumphant stem” on the back the company cypher, embroidered and fringed gold. 1721 The Gendarmes de Bretagne, who used to be known under the name of the Duc de Bourgogne, have on their standard a beautiful, large tree and a little one at the side with the words: Triumphalis e stipite surgit. [Daniel] 1730 Yellowish silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner daffodil yellow with silver lace. Standards blue with a large tree on a plain and a smaller one beside it and the motto: Triumphali è stipite surgit. On the reverse the prince’s cipher with a crown of a prince of the blood. [Susane] 7 May 1691 Paris (Avv.ms)12 A company of life guards has been formed for the Gardes du Corps with 80 men dressed in scarlet with gold lace for the Duke of Borgogne.

10th Company

Chevaux-légers de Bourgogne (Bretagne)

Plate No. 009 B Capitaines-Lieutenants 1690.08.30 Chevalier de Saint-Saëns 1692.01.24 Marquis de Mézières (Eugène-Marie de Béthizy) 1693.11.01 Chevalier de Plancy (Emmanuel Guénégaud) 1706.01.07 Comte de Beauvau (Pierre-Magdeleine) 1710.12 Marquis de Flamarens (N. de Grossoles) 1716 Marquis de Breteuil-Chanteclerc 1734.03.25 Marquis de Tillières (Jacques Tanneguy Le Veneur) This company was created the same day as the Gendarmes de Bourgogne and went through the same changes of names. Standard The standard is of blue silk with a bird flying in the air and another on the ground with extended wings and making an effort to fly and the words as a motto: Votis sectatur euntem, “It follows the trail with its voice” on the revers the company cypher, embroidered and fringed gold. 1721 The Gendarmes de Bretagne, who were previously known under the name of Duc de Bourgogne, have on their standards a bird flying in the air and another on the ground with extended wings, making an effort to fly, with the motto: Votis sectatur euntem. [Daniel] 1730 Violet silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner light violet with silver lace. 12

Si è formata una Compagnia per la Guardia del Corpo di 80 uomini vestiti di scarlatto con gallone d'oro per il duca di Borgogna (NB Julliet 1690).

30

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Standards blue with a flying bird and another on the ground with its wings spread, ready to fly and the motto: Votis sectatur euntem. [Susane]

11th Company Gendarmes d’Anjou (de Monsieur) Plate No. 010 A Capitaines-Lieutenants 1669.12.19 Marquis de Genlis (René Bruslard) 1696.12.21 Comte de Beaujeu 1703 Marquis de La Tour (N. de Monstiers) 1715 Marquis de Saint-Pierre 1725 Marquis de Saulx-Tavannes Originally formed for the first Duc d’Anjou from the remains of two old cavalry companies belonging to the marquis de Genlis and the comte de Lannion. In 1690 it was reconstituted and given to the Duc d’Anjou, later king of Spain. In 1753 it took the name Aquitaine and later that of Monsieur, brother of Louis XVI. Standard The standard is of blue silk with two trees in a plain, on the larger of the two is a shining star which is throwing long rays of light and the words as motto: Virtute auctorem refert, “ Its brilliance marks the author ”on the revers the company cypher, embroidered and fringed gold. 1721 The Gendarmes and Chevaux-Légers d’Anjou, have on their standards two trees in a plain, on the larger of the two is a shining star which is throwing long rays of light and the words: Virtute auctorem refert. [Daniel] Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner sea green with silver lace. Standards blue with two trees on a plain. On the top of the larger tree a star with its rays shining onto the little one with the motto: Virtute auctorem refert. [Susane] 1730 Green silk bandoleers, decorated with silver.

12th Company

Chevaux-légers d’Anjou (de Monsieur)

Plate No. 010 B Capitaines-Lieutenants 1690.10.01 Comte de Rosamel 1693 Marquis de Ségur 1701 Marquis de Linières (N. des Essarts) 1702 Marquis de Soudé 1711.01.18 Comte de Tavannes (Henri-Charles de Saulx) 1716.09.12 Comte de Guines 1716 Comte de Matharel 1720 Marquis de Menou 1729 Marquis de Céreste (N. de Brancas) The title of this company changed as for the Gendarmes of the same name. Standard The standard is of blue silk, emblem and embroidery gold, similar to those of the Gendarmes d'Anjou. 1721 Same as that of the Gendarmes d’Anjou [Daniel] 1730 Aurore silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner aurore with silver lace. Standards blue with two trees on a plain. On the top of the larger tree a star with its rays shining onto the little one with the motto: Virtute auctorem refert. [Susane]

13th Company

Gendarmes de Berry (Artois)

Plate No. 011 A Capitaines-Lieutenants

31

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1690.10.01 Marquis de Virville (N. Groslée) 1701 Marquis de Champron 1702 Marquis de Bruslard + 15.11.1703 Speyerbach 1703.12.16 Marquis de La Messelière (Bonaventure Frottier) 1706.07 Marquis de Roquelaure + 11.07.1708 Audenaarde 1708 Marquis de Ryans (Riantz) 1712 Marquis de Crécy 1718 Marquis de Pellevé (Pellievé) 1733.08.03 Marquis de Muy (Jean-Gabriel-Tancrède de Félix) This company was raised for the Duc de Berry, 3rd grandson of Louis XIV, and retained the title until 1763 when it became that of Artois. Standard The standard is of blue silk with a powerful lion in a stopped position showing the full face and the words as motto: Vestigia magna sequetur, “He follows their great tracks” on the revers the company cypher, embroidered and fringed gold. Red silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. 1721 The Gendarmes de Berry have as emblem on their standard a powerful lion in a stopped position showing its full face and the words: Vestigia magna sequetur. [Daniel] Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner crimson with silver lace. Standards blue with a standing lion showing its full face with the motto: Vestigia magna sequetur. [Susane]

14th Company

Chevaux-légers de Berry (Artois)

Plate No. 011 B Capitaines-Lieutenants 1690.10.01 Marquis de Kérouartz (Keroüart) 1703.06.12 Marquis d’Illiers (Jacques de Balzac) 1715.03.30 Comte de Chatellux (Chastellus? Guillaume-Antoine de Beauvoir) 1723.06.14 Marquis d’Argouges (Henri-Louis de Fleury) 1727.04.02 Comte de Cernay (Charles-Joseph Le Danois) 1734.03.25 Comte de Chaumont (Louis-Antoine de Bernage) Title and history of this unit followed that of the preceding one. Standard The standard is of blue silk with an eagle alone with is flying in the air and the words: Quo non feret insita virtus, “Where its innate bravery will not take it”on the revers the company cypher, embroidered and fringed gold. 1721 The Chevaux-Légers de Berry, have an eagle alone with is flying in the air and the words: Quo non feret insita virtus. [Daniel] 1730 Red silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner rose-pink with silver lace. Standards blue with a flying eagle and the motto: Quo non feret incita virtus. [Susane]

15th Company

Gendarmes d’Orléans

Plate No. 012 A Capitaines-Lieutenants 1647 Comte de Montignac 1647 Marquis de La Roque 1667 Comte de Beauvau + 11.04.1677 Cassel 1677 Marquis de Beauvau, brother of above 1684 Baron de Salhart + 01.07.1690 Fleurus 1690 Comte de Sassenage (company became Gendarmes) 1694 Comte de Saint-Christophe 1705 Marquis de Mauny d’Estampes

32

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1715.08.06 Marquis d’Oyse (Marie-Joseph de Brancas) 1734.11.25 Marquis d’Estréhan (Jacques-Robert d’Héricy) This company was formed for the brother of Louis XIV as Anjou and took the name of Orléans in 1660 on the death of Gaston, brother of king Louis XIII. It and the other remained in the service of Monsieur until 1690 after the battle of Fleurus. There had been an older company of Gendarmes d’Orléans which was raised for Gaston and disbanded as Gendarmes on his death but stayed on as a free company under its captain René Bruslard, Marquis de Genlis, and became the kernel of the Gendarmes d’Anjou in 1669. Standard The standard is of red silk with a bomb which is bursting in the air and spitting fire in 4 directions and the words as motto: Alter post fulmina terror, “ After the flash there is nothing more terrible” (motto of Monsieur, brother of Louis XIV) on the reverse the company cipher, embroidered and fringed gold. 1721 The Gendarmes & Chevaux-Légers d’Orléans have on their standard a bomb in the air which is bursting and spitting fire in four directions with the words: Alter post fulmina terror. [Daniel] 1730 Blue silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner light blue with silver lace. Standards red with a bomb exploding in the air and throwing flames in 4 directions with the motto: Altera post fulmina terror. [Susane]

16th Company

Chevaux-légers d’Orléans

Plate No. 012 B Capitaines-Lieutenants 1655.06.14 Marquis de Valsemé (Ferry Mallet de Graville) 1688.09.29 Marquis de Valsemé (Louis-Ferry Mallet de Graville), son of above 1706.03.03 Chevalier de Montmain (Simon-Antoine de Ténarre) 1725.10.15 Comte de Mainville (Antoine-Hyacinthe de Montmorel) 1734.03.25 Marquis de Reffuges (or Refage, Henri de Pomponne) This company was raised like the preceding one for Philippe d’Anjou and followed the same train as that one. Standard The standard is of red silk with emblems and embroidery of gold similar to those of the Gendarmes d'Orléans. 1721 Same as that of the Gendarmes d’Orléans [Daniel] 1730 Blue silk bandoleers, decorated with silver. Bandoleer, epaulette, belt, sabre knot, trumpet flag and kettledrum banner very pale blue or gris-argentin (silver grey) with silver lace. Standards red with a bomb exploding in the air and throwing flames in 4 directions with the motto: Altera post fulmina terror. [Susane] Campaigns The Gendarmes and Chevau-Légers were effectively represented in all campaigns of the period. 1672-78 Flanders 1688 Flanders, on the Rhine, 1693 Italy with Catinat, Leuze, Marsaglia 1701-02 Italy, battle of Luzzara 1703 army of Germany, battle of Speyerbach 1704 2nd Höchstädt/Blenheim (wiped out) 1706-13 Rhine and Flanders 1708 Audenaarde 1709 Malplaquet

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

The French Line Cavalry or "Cavalerie Légère" The regiments of line cavalry were known as "cavalerie légère" or “light cavalry” as opposed to the guard units of the maison du roi and the gendarmerie de France which had previously constituted heavy cavalry. The name was a relic of the early 17th century when the heavy cavalry still wore full armour and light cavalry only a cuirass. Despite the name, the units were effectively the line horse of the French army in the period we are concerned with. During this period other forms of light cavalry, the dragoons and hussars, came into being. While the dragoons were not yet regarded as cavalry proper, the hussars certainly were. In December 1665 commissions were issued for the formation of 37 regiments which raised the establishment to 41 regiments. The new regiments were all given to old, reformed colonels as their mestres de camp which linked them to previously existing corps. Several other regiments were formed during the following years so that, by April 1667 there were 205 companies of cavalry making up 45 regiments, 9 having 6 companies, 32 with 4 companies, 3 with 3 companies and the regiment of Carabineers with 14 companies. The companies of the first 9 regiments had 69 troopers each, all the others 50. In 1668 the number of regiments of cavalry was raised to 95 along with 2 regiments of dragoons raised on 28th January 1668. At the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle on 14th May 1668 Louis XIV reduced all the regiments to free companies of 100 troopers each under reformed colonels. On 1st July 1670 each of these 100 man companies was divided into two to create 66 squadrons of 50 troopers each. On 1st July 1671 the companies were brought to 100 troopers and with 30 taken from each company a new company was formed, making 3 squadrons of 60 to 70 men. Finally on 4th February 1672 a royal ordinance ordered the formation of these 66 squadrons into regiments of 6 companies each as permanent formations. By January 1678 there were 99 regiments consisting of 8, 6, 4 and 3 companies. In 1684 Dangeau recorded that there were now only 40 regiments of cavalry in France, 12 with 12 companies and 28 with 8 companies. Those with 12 companies included the seven regiments with the king as colonel, Colonel Général, Mestre de Camp Général, Commissaire Général, Königsmark and Tilladet.

In 1694 the regiments were ranked according to the date of commission of the colonel except for the three “Générals”, those of the king and princes of the blood. Eleven regiments had 12 companies each; the others had eight. Those with 12 companies were: Colonel Général, Mestre de Camp Général, Commissaire Général, Régiment Royal, du Roy, Royal Étranger, Cuirassiers du Roy, Royal des Cravates, Royal Roussillon, Royal Piemont, Royal Allemand. Each company had a captain, a lieutenant and a cornet as officers. The rank of the regiments had been set down in an ordinance of 1st May1699.

General Notes on the Standards Numbers of standards and design Two identical standards, one for each company, were carried by each squadron.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 The ordinance of 168913 confirmed the two standards per company in the livery of the mestre de camp and specified that the royal sun emblem was to be carried on one side if the standard did not carry fleur-de-lys to distinguish it from the enemy. Although the motto NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR was not specifically mentioned, it was also usually added. The colonel’s emblems were to be placed on the other side. Note that the sides were not specifically mentioned and it would seem that, for instance, the sun was not always on the left side. The standards were often enhanced with gold and silver embroidery which did not neccessarily match the button colour. The colour and the embroidery were different for each regiment and, in regiments lead by gentlemen, were changed on a change of colonel. This means that the standard introduced under one colonel cannot neccessarily be assumed to have existed under his successor. Generally very few examples of standards from our period have survived and these are most often ones captured by the enemy. Materials and size of the standards The standards were small, usually about 50 – 60 cm square (18 - 24 inches), and made of two layers of damask silk with embroidered motifs. The edges were decorated with silk fringes of gold or silver and the ground colour of the standard. Hussars were distinguished by pointed banners instead of square flags although they may have had these at first. The staff The royal ordinance of 7th March 1684 laid down a length of exactly 9 feet 11 inches including tip and the iron point at the bottom14. It was shaped as a jousting lance and had a rail which allowed it to be attached to a hook on the cornet’s bandoleer. The cravatte or white silk sash wrapped around the tip was the true emblem identifying the flag as French. It was introduced after Fleurus (1.7.1690) where Lieutenant Général de Gournay was taken prisoner because he mistakenly approached enemy troops thinking they were French. It was therefore ordered (Ordre du Roi de Marly 13.11.1693 pour Gardes du Corps): “On mettre des écharpes de taffeta blanc aux étandards.” The silk cords with tassels originated in the need to fasten the standard when wrapped around the pole. These were also quite short at this period. They were usually white, silver or several colours corresponding to the ground colours of the standard or the colonel’s livery.

13

1/2/1689 Ordonnance du Roy Il y aura dorénavant, en chaque escadron de cavalerie ou de dragons, deux étendars de la livrée du mestre

de camp; & afin d’eviter la confusion, & qu’on puisse les distinguerd’avec ceux des ennemis, Sa Majesté veut & ordonne qu’aux étandars ou il n’y aura pas de fleur-de-lys, il y aura du côté doit un soleil; & que la devise du mestre-de-camp ou colonel soit seulement sur le reverse, lesquels deux étendarts seront portés par les cornettes des compagnies de chaque escadron. (de Briquet Tom II) 14

7/3/1684 Ordonnace du Roy pour regler la longeur des Lances des Estandarts de la Cavalerie Legere … les Lances des Estandarts de ses

Troupes de Cavalerie Legere soient desormais de la grandeur de dix pieds moins un pouce, compris le fer qui st au bout d’en haut & la doüille qui est à celuy d’en bas …

35

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

General Notes on Uniforms The origin of the cavalry uniform was the royal ordinance of 6th November 1671 where the king expressed his wish that “All the troopers have buffalo15 jackets and cloaks, that they be well booted and that all are dressed in a good grey cloth lined the same colour . . . that all the troopers should have black hats, that their baldricks and bandoleers are of buffalo and the same size . . . all their carbines and pistols of the same length.” 16 On the 20th November this was reinforced by another specifying that the companies were always to be composed of troopers and dragoons dressed the same.17 In March 1675 officers of the Gendarmerie and cavalry were to wear cuirasses not only in battle but on all marches and other events of war. 18 That this ordonnance was not always followed is demonstated by the repetition of the order on 1st February 1703.19 The brigadiers, gendarmes, chevau-légers & cavaliers should wear the plastron, that is, the front part of the cuirass. Commissaries and inspectors were enjoined to control the order during reviews and musters. 20 The emphatic repetition of the order tends to document that it was not (willingly) followed. Royal regiments wore the royal livery: a blue justaucorps lined red and waistcoats and breeches of calfskin. Regiments of princes and those of gentlemen wore a grey justaucorps, usually with red cuffs and waistcoats and breeches of calfskin. This is why they were known as régiments gris (grey regiments). All regiments wore a black hat edged with false gold or silver lace matching the button colour. An exception was Royal Allemand which wore a fur bonnet, at least in one company. In 1698 the Mercure Galant reported that all the cavalry generally had buff jackets and hats edged gold or silver with white cockades. The regiments dressed in grey with large aiguillettes on the right shoulder and the differences between them limited to the colours and the ornaments of the saddle cloths and pistol-covers. The German officer, Lambert Friedrich Corvey, who was at the same review, noted the colours of the cockades and aiguillettes of many regiments and documented them as signs identifying each particular regiment. The following reference gives us an overview of the uniform of 1702 (SHAT A/1 1586 Evaluation des équipages nécessairs pour reparer un cavalier sur le pied qu’ils ont été vendus l’année dernière, argent comptant à Paris et Lyon -Armée d’Italie) Drap de Lodève gris-blanc: depuis 6£ 10 s jusqu’à 7£ tout le meilleur Serge d’Aumale grise pour doubler : 1 £ 5 s Serge d’Aumale rouge ordinaire depuis 1 £ 8 s jusqu’à 1 £ 10 s Drap d’Usseau écarlate pour parements Buffles de Sarlat

(grey-white cloth) (grey serge lining) (red serge for?) (red cloth for cuffs) (buff jacket)

15

(Dictionnaire de Furetiére 1690 Chartrand) Collet de Buffle: is a buffalo skin prepared and forming a sort of justaucorps without sleeves. It is a for decoration and the defense of cavalrymen. 16 6/11/1671 Ordonnace: Sa Majesté veut que tous les cavaliers ayent des buffles et des manteaux, qu'ils soient bien bottéss et qu'ils soient tous vetùs de bon drap gris doublé de la même couleur ... que tous les cavaliers ayent des chapeaux noirs, que leurs baudriers et porte- mousquetons soient de buffle et de même largeur ... tous leurs mousquetons et pistolets d'une même longeur .... 17 20/11/1671 …. Que les compagnies soient toujours composés de cavaliers et dragons vêtus de mesme façon … 18 5/3/1675 Ordonnace : officiers de la Gendarmerie & Cavalerie-legere à porter desormais des cuirasses …à mois à l’epreuve de mousqueton … non seulement aux jours de combats, mais aussi à toutes les marches & en toutes autres occasions de Guerre 19 Sa Majesté ordonne & enjoint très-expressément à tous officiers de gendarmerie & de cavalerie, de porter régulierement à l'avenir des cuirasses à l'épreuve au-moins du pistolet, sur peine de desobéissance. Louis XIV. ordonnance du premier Février 1703.[Briquet] 20 XII. Défend très-expressément Sa Majesté aux directeurs & inspecteurs généraux de sa cavalerie, & aux commissaires de ses guerres, de passer dans leurs revues aucuns desd. officiers, s'ils n'ont sur le corps de bonnes cuirasses, qui soient, comme il est marqué ci-dessus, à l'épreuve au-loins du pistolet. [Brique]

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Bandoulières de Guinée piquées à 2 piqures et ceinturon de même qualité (Bandoleer doublestitched and belts of similar quality) Bottes molles (soft boots) Bottes dures (stiff boots) In addition bandoleers and belt were to be double stitched; the gloves for 8 Livres could be white or yellow leather; cravattes of the cloth used by the clergy (black?); aiguillettes and swordknots of linen, good saddles of black cowhide with headstall, bridle, and fittings to attach the cloak and saddlebag. Pistol holsters of black Russian leather, 1 foot 8 inches in length (50 cm) with Hungarian leather straps to attach them to the saddle. The swords were to have yellow metal hilts and blades from Solingen and were held in cowhide sheathes. The arms cost a total of 10 écus.21 It would appear that the « serge d’aumale rouge » was indeed for the waiscoats and breeches, based on the following: 1702 (SHAT A/1 1588) (Armée d’Italie) Pour chaque Cavalier: un justeaucorps: 2 ½ aunes Drap de Lodève 5 aunes de serge pour doubler 1 1/3 drap demy écarlatte pour les paremens 3 douzaines de boutons ne le faisant que du même drap 4 aunes de drap de Lodeve pour le … 1 ¼ de serge pour le paremens un bufle: 2 peaux pour les corps The coat had 36 buttons, in this case of cloth, presumeably grey-white. In 1730 Lemau de la Jaisse adds that the cavalry regiments were also distinguished by the style of coat, the linings, the bandoleers of white or yellow leather, hats bordered in gold or silver and by silk aiguillettes worn by the trooper on the right shoulder, those of the royal regiments being in the royal livery and those of the regiments of princes and gentlemen being in their personal livery. These details also seem to have been used as distinctions in the period we are dealing with. Officers All officers were dressed in a finer grey cloth than the men and distinguished by gold or silver buttons. Captains and senior officers had lace borders on the coat while lieutenants had only metal

21

Gants de cavalier: 8 £ la douzaine, blancs et jaunes

Cravates faisant 2 tours d’étoffe à faire des toiles de religieuses Chapeaux bons et de bonne teinture Aiguillettes et cordons de sabre suivant le prix que se vende la laine Bonnes selles avec des quartiers de vache noirs doublés garnis de sangles, étrivières, courroies doublées de cuir de Hongrie pour attacher les besaces et les manteaux, têtière, poitrail, croupière de cuir noir de bonne largeur et licol de cuir de Hongrie Fontes de pistolets de cuir de Russie sans carton et doublées de cuir fort avec les courroies de cuir d’Hongrie pour les attacher … observant de les faire de la longeur de 1 pied 8 pouces et que l’entrée soit fort large Fonts de pistolets de cuir bouilli noir Les armes coutent 10 écus de main de maitre, pistolets et mousqueton, très beaux bons, les épées avec les poignées de cuivre jaune, la lame Solingen, les fourreaux de vache et de la longeur portée par l’Ordonnance A l’égard des draps des régiments qui sont habillés de couleur, les prix sont differents selon la beauté de la teinture. Il y a des troupes vêtues de serge de Berry. Mais comme le Lodève est plus proche de l’armée d’Italie et qu’il est plus fort et meilleur, il est plus en usage. Je certifie que les marchandises ci-dessus ont été achetées l’hiver dernier par les officiers de mon régiment au prix qui y est marqué. Fait au camp de Luzzara ce 9 octubre 1702

Mauroy

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 coloured buttonholes. [Mercure Galant 1698] The heavy allonge wig, often tied behind the neck with a ribbon, and the embroidered saddlecloth also identified the officer. Musicians Musicians (trumpeters and kettledrummers) of royal regiments wore the royal livery, blue lined red, decorated with crimson lace set with a white chain design. The musicians in regiments of princes or gentlemen wore the livery of the mestre du camp (the colonel-owner of the regiment) few of which are known. The following discourse on items of equipment for 1704, noted by Général (C.R.) Michel Hanotaux from A1J11 and made available to us, concerns the regiment of Carabiniers but is also applicable to the cavalry in general. (£ = Livres, s = sous) Note that it is not an invoice but more a recommendation on what the items should cost: Memoire de ce que peut coûter un cavalier tout montée (1704) Engagement : [recruitment] Le cavalier qu’on engagera doit avoir de hauteur depuis 5 pieds 4 pouces jusqu’à 5 pieds 6 pouces. Il peut même avoir davantage : son âge doit estre de 24 à 25 ans, bien facé et robuste, plutost né et éleve à la campagne que dans les villes ; il doit estre d’une inclination à ayme les chevaux ; le prix de son engagement ne peut estre déterminé ; on donne depuis 50£ jusqu’à 70£ Juste-au-corps Il faut 2 aunes ¼ de Berri bleu pour le juste-au-corps à 6£ l’aune fait la somme de 13£ 10 Les manches seront ouverts et arroundies, les poches en travers, les deux devants en revers, ayant des Boutonnières en poil de chèvre de la même couleur des deux côtés aux poches, aux manches et derrière. Il faut un tiers de Drap de couleur Ecarlate par les parements à 9 £ l’aune fait 3£ Quatre aunes ½ de serge rouge pour doubler le dit juste-au-corps à 28s l’aune fait la somme de 6£ 6s Trois douzaines et demi de Boutons de cuivre à queue forte faits exprès à 10s la douzaine, dont il en aura les côtés au devant 1£ 15s Pour la façon et fourniture de poil de chèvre aux Boutonnières Bougran, fil et soye4£ 10s Total du Juste-au-corps 29£ 1s Manteau [cloak] Il faut 4 aunes ½ de drap de Lodève pour le manteau à 6£ l’aune 27£ Pour doubler les devants et le derrière du dit manteau, il faut une aune ½ de serge rouge à 1£ 8s l’aune 2£ 2s Pour la façon et la fourniture du dit manteau, compris l’agrafe de cuivre 1£ 10s Total du manteau 30£ 12s Bufle [leather jerkin] Pour chaque Bufle pris a Corbeil avec Boutons de cuivre à queue forte, doublé d’une bonne toile et de la taille qui convient à un cavalier 30£ Bandoulière [bandoleer] Pour une Bandoulière de Bufle à 6 piqûres avec le crochet à porter le mousqueton 4£ 10s Ceinturon [waistbelt] Pour un ceinturon de Bufle à 6 piqûres 4£ 10s Chapeau [hat] Pour un Chapeau Caudebec ayant les bords très larges et la forme haute 2£ 5s Pour le galon d’argent fin pesant un once à 5£ l’once 5£ Pour une cocarde d’une aune de ruban 15s 38

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Total du chapeau 8£ 10s Cravate [neckcloth] Pour une espèce d’Etamine luisante nommée flou, avec 2 bouts de ruban filaselle, noire 1£ Bourse à Cheveux Pour une Bourse d’Etamine ou flou avec 2 bouts de ruban filasolle, noire 1£ 5s Gands [gloves] Pour une paire de Gands de peau de mouton, couleur de chamois, qu’on fait venir de Niort en cartonné et bordé 15s Bottes [boots] Pour une paire de Bottes fortes, garnies de ses éperons, avec 2 bons tirants en dedans 18£ Épée ou Sabre [sword or sabre] Pour une épée larges de 2 doigts et longue de 33 pouces de lame non compris la garde, garde, sous garde, pommeau de cuivre fondu et poignée de fil de laiton jaune 5£ Cordon d’épée [swordknot] Pour un Cordon d’Épée plat de laine de la couleur qui convient au Colonel 8s Mousqueton [short musket] Pour le Mousqueton ayant le canon de Sedan, de 30 Pouces de long, et la Platine d’Abbeville, faitte par Gergibus qui est un des meilleurs ouvriers 18£ Pistolets [pistols] Pour une paire de Pistolets, pris au même lieue, de 15 pouces de canon 16£ Carabine [rifled carbine] Pour une carabine rayée en dedans de 32 pouces de long, prise à Abbeville 20£ La Différence de Carabinier au Cavalier[difference between carabiner and trooper] Pour 6 petits agréments de galon d’Argent fin, pesant une once, pour mettre 3 sur chaque manche du Carabinier pour les distinguer des autres Cavaliers 5£ Différence du Brigadier au Carabinier [difference between brigadier and carabinier] Pour un galon d’Argent d’environ un pouce de large pesant une once ½ à 5£ l’once, pour mettre à la manche de chaque Brigadier outre les 3 semblables à ceux des Carabiniers qui les distingue de tous les autres Cavaliers ayant tout le reste du même 7£ 10s Remarque pour les Bas et la Culotte [remarks on stockings and breeches] L’on ne donne ni Bas ni Culotte, les cavaliers et autres cy dessus en achètent à leurs dépens. Housses et Chaperons de Pistolets [saddlecloths and pistol holster covers] Pour une aune de drap de Berri fin, à 9 £ l’aune de la couleur qui convient au colonel pour la Housse et Chaperons ou bourses des pistolets d’une Cavalier 9£ Pour 3 aunes ½ de soye de la couleur qui convient au Colonel à 8s l’aune 1£ 8s Pour les 4 écussons brodés de laine, tels qu’ils convient au Colonel pour mettre sur les Housses et Chaperons de Pistolets à 1£ pièce 4£ Pour la taille et fouriture de la dite Housse et Chaperons de Pistolets 18s Total de la Housse et Chaperons 15£ 18s Habillement du Trompette et Timbalier [dress of trumpeter and kettledrummer] Pour faire un juste-au-corps de Trompette ou Timbalier, il faut 2 aunes ¼ de drap de Berri de la couleur qui convient au Colonel, le drap de Couleur bleu, rouge ou verd est plus cher que le Gris, suposé qu’il soit rouge à 10£ l’aune, les poches en long 22£ 10s Il faut ¾ de Velours pour les parements à 18£ l’aune 13£ 10s 4 aunes ½ de Serge à 30s l’aune : 6£ 15s 3 douzaines ½ de Boutons de fil d’Argent ou or à 2£ 10s la douzaine 8£ 15s Cinquante six aunes de galon de soye velouté pour mettre non seulement sur toutes les coutures mais encore sur les entre deux des coutures et longneurs d’en bas du Juste-au-corps à 20s l’aune 56£

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Vingt huit aunes de galon d’argent pour mettre entre les galons veloutés, pesant 32 onces à 5£ l’once : 110£ Pour la façon et menue fourniture d’un Juste-au-corps de Trompette ou Timbalier 237£ 10s Chapeau d’un Trompette ou Timbalier [hat of trumpeter or kettledrummer] Pour le chapeau ayant la même qualité, le même galon et cocarde que le Cavalier comme cydevant 8£ 10s Bonnet d’un Timbalier [kettledrummer’s cap] Pour un Bonnet de Velours brodé d’or ou d’argent, bordé à peu près comme celui d’un coureur 30£ Les Housses et Chaperons sont les mêmes que les Cavaliers Prix d’un cheval de Cavalier [cost of a cavalry mount] Pour un Cheval de 4 Pied 9 pouces acheté en Normandie, en Comté ou dans al Campine, environ 350£ Equipage du Cheval [horse furniture] Pour chaque selle à siège de veau et quartiers de vache, bien rembourrcé avec ses fontes de pistolets, porte-mousqueton de cuir noir,, garni de son poitrail, angles, surfaix, contre-sanglots, coussinet large et croupière, le tout uniforme après 3 jours d’essai 24£ Pour un licol de cuir de Hongrie, têtière et Renes fortes 4£ Pour un mord à gorge de pigeon avec Bossettes de Cuivre, dorée en feuille 5£ 10s Total de l’équipage du Cheval 33£ 10s Note that the trooper was to be 5 foot 4 inches to 5 foot 6 inches (around 170cm), tall in an age when the average infantry recruit in the French army was only 160cm tall. Value is also placed on having country boys rather than those raised in the towns. The hat, a Caudebec, was a good quality, rainproof beaver hat. The colonel determined the colour of the sword knot and the livery of the trumpeter and kettledrummer. It was expected that the musicians should wear livery with lace on all seams, small lace between them and silver or gold lace in addition. The kettledrummer had both a hat and a cap modelled on that of a running footman. The cost of the juste-au-corps, 237 livres 10 sous, is enormous, almost as much as the single most expensive item, the cavalry mount itself. Stockings and breeches are not provided for and have to be bought by the trooper.

40

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Descriptions of the Regiments The descriptions and plates are approximately in the order of the regiment’s creation according to Susane/Tessin. The title is the name or names under which the regiment was known between 1688 and 1715. The references to Susane and Tessin are to facilitate cross-reference to those sources. Not all colonels have been given and the list of battles is not exhaustive. The abbreviations: A1B = Tiroirs 1692, A2B = Tiroirs 1702, Cor = Corfey, Gal = Mercure Galant 1698, AN = Archives Nationales, Minutier Central, Lemau = Lemau de la Jaisse, Abregés. Only those regiments which existed in the years 1688 until 1714 are listed below.

Royal Susane: 5 Tessin: 1635/1 Plate No. 014A 1635 Cardinal de Richelieu formed 16 Mai 1635. 1642 Royal on 4 Dec. 1642 Mestres de camp-lieutenants: 1635 May 16 Vicomte de Montbas (François de Barthon) 1654 Jan. 13 Marquis de Montpezat (Jean-François de Trémollet-Buccelli) 1654 Jan. 23 Marquis de Montpezat (Louis-François de Trémollet-Buccelli) 1666 Apr. Duc de La Rochefaucauld (François) 1670 Comte d’Estaing (N. du Saillant) 1672 Feb. 4 Marquis de Plancy 1674 Apr. Marquis de Chenoise (N. de Saint-Hérem) 1675 Aug. 29 Marquis de Montrevel (Nicolas Auguste de La Baume), maréchal de France 1702 1677 July 22 Comte du Bourg (Léonor-Marie du Maine), maréchal de France 1724 1701 Dec. Comte du Bourg (N. du Maine) 1706 Dec. 19 Duc de Sully (Maximilien-Henri de Béthune) 1712 Comte de Melun 1724 Prince d’Epinoy 1738 Feb. 15 Comte de Beuvron (Anne-Pierre d’Harcourt) Campaigns 1672-75 Holland (under Turenne), Germany, Brandenburg, Alsace, Baden 1675 combat at Altenheim 1676 Flanders; capture of Bouchain, Condé, Aire, relief of Maestricht 1677 Valenciennes and Cambrai; combat of Cassel 1678 sieges of Gent and Ypres; Germany, siege of Kehl 1679 capture of Hombourg & Bitche 1683 siege of Courtrai 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 army of Germany, Palatinate 1692 combats at Pforzheim 1693 capture of Heidelberg, Wingenberg, Eppenheim, Weinheim, Darmstadt, Alsace 1694 combat at Wiesloch 1701 Luxemburg, lower Meuse 1702 Rhine, cannonade of Huningen, battle of Friedlingen 1703 attacks on the lines of Kinzig and Stollhofen, valley of Hornberg, combat at Munderkingen, 1st battle of Höchstädt, capture of Kempten & Augsburg 1704 combat at Donauwörth, 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705-13 Rhine 1713 sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1663 1692 1702 1730 1735 1738

trumpeters in royal livery [ASVat Nunz. Savoia] blue coat, red cuffs[A1B] blue coat, red cuffs[A2B] blue coat, red cuffs [Lemau] coat and cloak blue lined red, cuffs and lapels scarlet, buttons copper also on buff waistcoat, bandoleers white, breeches goatskin, hatlace gold. [Lemau] coat and cloak blue, cuffs, lapels and lining red, buttons copper also on buff waistcoat, bandoleer stitched white, leather breeches and hat with gold border, the saddlecloth blue [red after Gudenus] and bordered with two broad golden bands and the sun in the corner. [Lemau, Gudenus]

Standards year? Front. blue, sun, motto. Field semé of gold fleurs-de-lys. Embroidery and fringes gold and silver, back blue identical to the front.[ Charrié] 1730 6 blue standards with sun, fleurs-de-lys and fringes gold [Lemau] 1735 6 blue silk standards, sun in the middle and fleurs-de-lys embroidered in gold and the royal mottos NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR and fringes in gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, sun in the middle and fleurs-de-lys embroidered in gold and the royal mottos NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR and fringes gold according to the ordinances. [Lemau]

Du Roi . Susane: 18 Tessin:1639/45 Plate No. 014B 1635 Son Eminence Fus. à Chev (Dragons du Cardinal) under Comte de Vivonne 1643 du Roi Fusiliers à Chev. 1646 du Roi Mestres de Camp Lieutenants: 1666 Comte de Thorigny (N. de Matignon-Goyon) 1650 M. le Marquis d’Espiez, Lt. Général (N. Cossart) 1676 Marquis de Matignon (N. de Goyon) 168 ? Comte de Vienne 1694 Comte de Broglie 1705 Marquis de Fournès (Jean de Faret de Montfrain) 1734 Comte de Fournès (N. de Faret de Montfrain) An example of the trade and prices of regiments and ranks: on 23.11.1692 the Marquis de Gassion was not happy because having agreed a price of 100 000 Livres for the regiment the king refused becaus he found the Marquis too young. On 19.04.1693 the Marquis de Dromesnil, an officer in the Gendarmerie, had agreed 30 000 écus with the Comte de Vienne, the mestre de camp. (1 écu d'or = 3 to 3¼ livres). A few days later Dromesnil decided it would be better for him to buy the company of Chevau-lègers of the Dauphin and did not want to keep the contract because, so he said, his father who furnished the money, was against it and had agreed a contract with the Marquis d’Urfé. The matter got to the ears of the king and the Marquis d’Urfé who had difficulty in pushing his sale through. On 04.01.1694 the king gave permission to the young Count de Broglie to take the regiment on demission of the Count of Vienne. [Sourches] Campaigns 1667 Flanders; siege of Lille 1668 Franche-Comté 1672- Holland 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 Rhine, combats at Sinsheim, Enzheim & Mulhausen 1675-76 actions at Turckheim, Altenheim, Haguenau, Saverne & Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 Flanders, sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis. 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 army of Germany, Palatinate sieges of Philippsburg, Mannheim, Frankenthal 1691 Flanders, combat of Leuze

42

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1692 siege of Namur; battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden(Landen) 1695 capture of Tongres, bombardment of Brussels 1697 siege of Ath 1701 Flanders 1702 Combat of Nijmegen 1703 siege of Tongres, combat of Eckeren 1704 Moselle, Germany, 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Flanders 1705-09 Rhine 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 blue coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots white. [Corfey] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak blue, lining and cuffs red, buttons yellow copper rosettes on wood, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, bandoleers and belt of white stitched leather, breeches leather, hat bordered gold, saddlecloth blue bordered with a large white border and on the outside a narrow yellow one. [Lemau, Gudenus] Standards year? Front: blue, sun without motto, fleur-de-lys in each corner, embroidered and fringed in gold. Back: blue, semé of gold fleurs-de-lys. [Charrié] 1730 6 blue standards, sun, fleur- de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue standards, sun in the middle and 4 fleurs-de-lys embroidered in gold in the corners, fringed gold following the royal ordinances. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue standards, golden sun and the royal motto NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR on one side and the other semée of fleurs-de-lys, bordered and fringed gold. [Lemau]

Royal Étranger Susane: 326 Tessin: 1657/10 Plate No. 015A 1657 M. Frederic-Charles de la Rochefoucauld, Comte de Roye (Roye-Étranger) 3 Feb. 1657 1659 Royal Étranger 1672 raised, 4 Feb. 1672, to 6 companies? Mestre de camp-lieutenants: 1673 Robert-Jean-Antoine de Franquetot, Comte de Coigny 19 Feb. 1673 1704 Marquis de la Tournelle 7 Dec. 1704 1704 Antoine Galliot, Comte de Saint-Chamas 6 June 1704 1710 Jacques-François-Léonor de Matignon, Duc de Valentinois 21 Apr. 1710 1720 Louis-Marie, Comte de Sainte-Maure 15 May 1720 1740 Marquis de Charleval d'Auneuil 21 Feb. 1740 Campaigns 1665-66 auxiliaries of Holland against the invasion by the Bishop of Münster 1667 sieges of Tournai, Douai, Lille. 1668 Franche-Comté 1672 Netherlands 1673 siege of Maestricht, into into Germany; 1674 combats at Sinsheim, Ladenburg; Ensheim & Muhlhausen 1675 combats at Turkheim; Flanders 1676 combat at Consaarsbrück; Rhine, capture of Montbéliard 1677 Kokersberg; siege of Freiburg 1678 combats at Rheinfelden, Ortenberg & Gegembach; capture of Kehl

43

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1679 combats at Minden 1684 campaign of Luxemburg 1685-88 camp on the Saône 1689 Germany; capture of Berten, Staffurth, Durlach & Ettingen 1690 combat at Kocheim (Moselle); Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons; bombardment of Liége; battle of Steenkerk 1692 siege of Namur 1693 Rhine, combat at Memmingen, capture of Heidelberg 1694-95 Rhine 1696 Italy, siege of Valenza Po. 1697 Flanders; siege of Ath, Meuse 1698 Camp at Coudun 1701-13 Flanders 1701 garrison in Bruxelles, Ruremonde, Venloo 1702 combat at Nijmegen, relief of Kaiserswerth 1703 combat near la Tombe de Vaux, Eckeren 1705 siege of Huy 1706 battle of Ramillies 1708 battle ofOudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain, Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 blue coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots white. [Corfey] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 coat, cloak & lining blue, cuffs and lapels scarlet, flat tin buttons, buff waistcoat with yellow buttons, white bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1738 coat, cloak & lining blue, cuffs & lapels red, flat tin buttons, buff waistcoat with yellow buttons, white bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver; saddlecloths blue bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1730 6 blue standards, sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 6 blue silk standards. Sun in the middle, fleurs-de-lys and royal motto, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, sun in the middle fleurs-de-lys and royal motto, embroidery and fringes gold after the ordinances. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, sun in the middle, fleurs-de-lys and royal motto embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Colonel Général Susane: 49 Tessin: 1665/1 Plate No 015B 1635 Trefski (Saxe-Weimar) 1657 Colonel Général Mestres de Camp Lieutenants: 1651 Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, 3 June 1657 1657 N. de Philip, marquis de Saint-Viance 24 Apr. 1657 1666 Jean-Jacques, marquis de Renty 19 Jan. 1666 1674 de Musse ; 16 Mar. 1674 168? de Quémaduec 17?? Le Brun d’Inteville 1711-17 Comte d’Élèvemont 1717 Comte de Biouli 1730 Comt d’Ons en Bray (Léon François Legendre de Lormoy) 1 Sept. 1730.

44

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

First regiment of cavalry and bearer of Cornette blanche which was saluted by all other regiments and in turn only saluted the King, Princes of the Blood, the Colonel Général, generals of the army and marshals of France. The Compagnie Colonel Général was the only one mounted on grey horses. Louis XIV ordered in 1705 that the Directeurs and Inspecteurs Généraux were no longer to concern themselves with this regiment. On 15.03.1692 the count d’Auvergne asked the king to order the Marquis de Coëtmadeuc to sell his regiment. [Sourches] Therefore the Marquis de Quémaduec was still MdC at this time. Campaigns 1667 capture of Tournai, Douai, Lille 1668 garrison in Oudenaarde 1672 army of the King in Holland 1673 siege of Maestricht, Rhine 1674 combat of Sinsheim, Esenheim, Mulhausen 1675 combats at Turkheim, Altenheim, relief of Haguenau and Saverne 1688-97 Flanders, Germany, Rhine 1688 siege of Philippsburg 1692 siege of Namur, combats at Heidesheim and Steinbach 1701-06 army of Italy 1702 Luzzara; expedition into Trentin 1702 OB Flanders 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1706 battle of Calcinato 1706 battle of Ramillies 1707 Flanders, battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain, capture of Douai, du Quesnoy, Bouchain 1713 army of the Rhine, capture of Landau & Freiburg 1714 camp on the upper Meuse Uniform 1692 grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 red coat and black facings (given by Lienhart & Humbert but NOT valid) 1702 grey coat, red cuffs [3 squadrons] 1709 black hats with gold borders and a white ribbon [AN Contract ET VII/ ] 1721 red coat with black lapels and cuffs, buttons golden. [Delaistre-Sabretache] 1721 saddlecloth red without any border, cloaks red. Gold borders for marechaux de logis, brigadiers, sousbrigadiers, carabiniers, & trumpeters. [Mac Carthy-Delaistre] 1730 red coat, black velvet cuffs [Lemau] 1735 scarlet coat, lined red, cuffs and lapels black, buttons gilded copper with lace, bandoleer stitched white, buff waistcoat with yellow copper buttons, goatskin breeches, hat with very broad gold border, cloak scarlet lined red and soft boots. [Lemau] 1738 coat and lining red, cuffs and lapels black, buttons of gilded copper, bandoleer and belt of stitched white leather, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, goatskin breeches, cloak and lining red, hatlace gold, white cockade, soft boots, saddlecloths of red cloth with a border of lace. [Lemau] Standards year? Front white, embroidered and fringed silver. (remaining standards black). 1721 8 standards, one white, the others black with the sun and the royal motto embroidered in gold on one side, on the other a column of fire with the motto: Certum monstrat iter. [Delaistre-Sabretache] 1730 6 standards, one white with a silver fringe the other 5 black with golden fringes. [Lemau] 1735 one white standard with silver fringes and 5 black with gold fringes. [Lemau] 1738 6 standards of which one is white with a silver fringe and 5 black fringed gold following the royal ordinance of 8th Jan. 1737 respecting the cornets of the cavalry. [Lemau] 1740 5 black standards semées of gold and silver fleurs-de-lys with the arms of Tour d'Auvergne on one side and the sun and the royal motto on the other. On the back is a column of fire marching in front of the Israelites with the words CERTUM MONSTRAT ITER, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

45

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Mestre de Camp Général Susane: 68 Tessin: 1665/2 Plate No. 16A Originally formed in 1635 from the old Compagnie d'Ordonnance du Mestre de Camp Général which M. de la Valette had under Charles IX in 1568. 1638 César de Cambout, Marquis de Coislin 24 Jan. 1638. 1665 Armad du Cambout, duc de Coislin 5 Dec.1665. 1670 Jean-Jacques Chauméjan, marquis de Fourilles 22 Apr. 1670 1674 Louis de Clermont d’Amboise, marquis de Resnel ; 15 Nov. 1674 1677 Balthasar de la Cardonnière; 3 May 1677 1679 Joseph de Pons de Guimera, baron de Monclar; 6 Oct. 1679 1690 Conrad, marquis de Rosen 1703 Léonor-François, marquis de Montpeyroux; 25 Mar. 1703 1714 Charles-François de la Baume Le Blanc, duc de la Valliere; 26 Feb. 1714 1716 Alexis-Madeleine-Rosalie Comte de Chatillon; 5 Feb. 1716 1736 M. Gaspard, marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre 16 May 1736 NB: Père Daniel refers to this regiment as Mallan in 1721 On 11.04.1690 certain news of the death of Montclar arrived and the king gave his position of mestre de camp général de la cavalerie légère to M. de Rosen who was still in Ireland. [Sourches] Campaigns 1666 camp at Compiègne 1667 campaign in Flanders 1668 Franche-Comté 1672 army of Holland, occupation of Duisburg 1673 siege of Maestricht, Lorraine & Alsace, reduction of Trier (Trèves) 1674 conquest of Franche-Comté, sieges of Besançon & Dôle, Flanders, capture of Condé, battle of Seneffe (death of mstr. d. cmp. Fourilles) 1675 capture of Liége, Dinant, Huy & Limburg 1676 capture of Condé, Bouchain, Aire 1677 sieges of Valenciennes & Cambrai; battle of Cassel (death of mestre de camp), capture of St Omer, Charleroi 1678 capture of Gent & Ypres, battle of St Denis 1684 occupation of Luxemburg 1688 camp on the Saone, Rhine, capture of Philippsburg, Mannheim, Frankenthal 1689 Flanders; combat at Walcourt 1691 siege of Mons & combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur; battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden (Landen), capture of Charleroi 1695 bombardment of Brussels 1697 siege of Ath 1698 camp at Coudon 1701 Low Countries 1702 combat at Nijmegen 1703 Rhine, sieges of Brisach, Landau; battle of Speyerbach 1704 Germany; battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Rhine 1706 actions at Drusenheim & Lauterburg 1707 expedition into Franconia & Swabia 1708 Flanders 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1711 Flanders 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 grey coat, red cuffs [A1B]

46

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1698 1702 1730 1735 1738

grey coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon yellow/black, hatlace silver. [Corfey] grey coat, red cuffs [A2B] iron-grey coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] coat, breeches, cloak bluish grey-white, lining red, cuffs and lapels scarlet, round silverplated tin buttons, buff waiscoat with copper buttons, round cuffs, horizontal pockets, white bandoleer, hat broad silver border. [Lemau] coat, breeches, cloak, lining iron-grey, cuffs and lapels black, silverplated tin buttons, buff waiscoat with copper buttons, round cuffs, horizontal pockets, white stitched belt & bandoleer, hat broad silver border and black cockade. Saddlecloth red and edged with a blue/yellow striped border, little blue and white flags in the corner and on the holster covers. [Gudenus 1733]

Standards year? Front: red, sun and motto. Semé of golden flames. Embroidery and fringes gold. Back : red, identical to the front. [Charrié] 1730 6 red standards semé of golden flames, border and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 6 red silk standards semé of golden flames, embroidered and fringed gold [Lemau] 1738 6 red silk standards semé of golden flames, embroidered and fringed gold following the Ordonnances du Roi of 8 Jan. & 28 Feb. 1737. [Lemau] 1740 Standards embroidered on the pistol covers and saddlecloths of green cloth, bordered with the livery of the Mestre de Camp Général. 6 red silk standards with the sun and the royal motto in gold: NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR, semé of golden flames embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Commissaire Général Susane: 129 Tessin: 1665/3 Plate No. 016B 1645 Timoléon de Séricourt marquis d'Esclainvilliers 25 May 1654 1654 Commissaire Général Mestre de Camp Commandants/Commissaire Général: 1657 Balthazar de la Cardonnière 1677 Nicolas-Auguste de la Baume, mq.de Montrevel 1688 Charles-Louis-Hector, duc de Villars 2 Sept. 1688 1703 comte de Verrue (Jospeh-Ignace-Auguste-Mainfroi-Jerome de Scaglia) 7 July 1703 1704 Charles-François de La Baume Le Blanc, duc de la Valliére 17 Sept. 1704 1714 Alexis-Madeleine-Rosalie, comte de Chatillon 26 Feb. 1714 1716 Gaspard Marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre 5 Feb. 1716 1736 Anne-Louis-Henri de Thiard, Marquis de Bissy 16 Mar. 1736 Campaigns 1667 capture of Bergues, Furnes, Armentieres, Courtrai & Oudenaarde 1672 Holland; capture of Wesel & Emerich, passage of the Rhine, surrender of Arnheim, Nijmegen & Crevecoer 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 conquest of Franche-Comté, combat at Seneffe 1675 capture of Dinant & Limburg; combat at Consaarbrück 1676 sieges of Condé & Bouchain, capture chateau de Bouillon, relief of Zweibrücken (Deux-Ponts) 1677 siege of Valenciennes; battle of Cassel; relief of Charleroi; capture of Saint-Ghislain 1678 Flanders, capture of Gent & Ypres; Germany, combats of Rheinfelden & Ortenberg 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1685 camp on the Saône 1688 Flanders 1689-91 Moselle 1693 Flanders; battle of Neerwinden; siege of Charleroi 1694-95 on the Meuse & Moselle 1696 Flanders 1697 on the Meuse 1701 army of Italy, battle of Chiari 1702 Luzzara

47

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1703 defeat at Visconti 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 combat at Cassano 1706 battles of Calcinato, Castiglione, Turin 1707 in Savoy then on the Rhine 1708-12 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain, le Quesnoy, Douai, Bouchain 1713 Rhine, siege of Landau Uniforms pre-1692 iron-grey with red cuffs [dossier EG 541 de la bibliothéque de la Sabretache] 1692 grey with red cuffs [A1B] 1702 grey coat, red cuffs [A2B] 1730 white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 coat, cloak, lining grey-white, cuffs & lapels black, buttons copper, bandoleer white, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, goatskin breeches, hatlace gold, saddlecloth red bordered . .. ? [Lemau] 1740 grey with black cuffs and yellow buttons. Standards 1704-15 front red semé of fleurs-de-lys, sun, motto, back red with arms of the Duke de la Vallière (divided gold above red with a black leopard on the gold and a silver leopard on the red field) embroidery and fringes gold. [Charrié] 1730 6 blue standards semé of fleurs-de-lys embroidered and fringed gold. 1735 6 blue standards semé of fleurs-de-lys embroidered and fringed gold. 1738 6 blue silk standards semé of fleurs-de-lys embroidered and fringed gold according to the royal ordinances. 1740 6 standards of which the first is of blue silk semé of fleurs-de-lys, the other 5 of red silk, a golden sun and royal motto on one side and on the other a crab (lobster ?) on the ground with the motto: RETROCEDERE NESCIT (he knows not how to retreat) embroidery and fringes gold. Arms of Villars: blue with 3 gold molettes, on the silver chief a red leopard. Livery of Villars : feuille-morte & red with silver lace. Arms de M. de Scaglia comte de Verrua: silver with a black cross and 4 black lozenges in the cantons.

Curassiers du Roi Susane: 53 Tessin: 1665/4 Plate No. 017A 1638 Charles, marquis d’Aumont 24 Jan. 1638 1664 Antoine d’Aumont Marquis de Villequier 5 Oct. 1644 1646 Louis-Marie-Victor d’Aumont, Marquis de Chappes 24 Feb. 1646 1654 Antoine, Duc d’Aumont 1665 Cuirassiers du Roi Mestres de Camp Lieutenants: 1665 Louis-Marie-Victor d’Aumont, Marquis de Villequier 2 Dec. 1665 1669 + one company 1672 Charles-Amedee de Broglie, comte de Revel 4 Feb. 1672 1678 Jean-François Cordeboeuf de Beauverger, comte de Montgon 6 Aug. 1678 1697 Marquis de Bonneval Mar. 1697 (+ Turin 1706) 1706 ? 1710 Cesar-Antoine de La Luzerne, comte de Beuzeville 4 Jan. 1710 1734 Louis de Cardevaque, Marquis d'Havrincourt 25 Nov. 1734 On 06.05.1696 the king was said to have refused the sale of the regiment of Cuirassiers to the Marquis de Coêtquen because he found him too young (he was only 17 and prodigeously big and fat). On 31.03.1697 the Marquis de Bonneval, a gentleman of Auvergne who had only served in the navy, had the agreement to buy the regiment of

48

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 cuirassiers du roi from the Marquis de Montgon for 30 000 écus. The Marquis de Bonneval was killed at Turin. [Sourches] Campaigns 1666 camp at Compiègne 1667 conquest of towns in Flanders 1668 Franche-Comté 1672 passage of Rhine, capture of Orsay & Rheinberg 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 battle of Seneffe 1675 sieges of Dinant, Huy & Limburg 1676 sieges of Condé, Bouchain, Aire 1677 capture of Valenciennes, battle of Cassel, surrender of Saint-Omer & Cambrai 1678 Gent & Ypres; combat at Saint-Denis 1683 camp on the Saône; sieges of Courtrai & Dixmunde 1684 Luxemborg 1685-88 camp on the Saône 1688 sieges of Philippsburg, Mannheim, Frankenthal 1689-91 Rhine 1692 Moselle & Flanders; siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden, Charleroi 1694-96 Flanders, Rhine, affair at Offenburg 1697 Flanders 1698 Camp at Compiègne 1701-06 Italie 1702 battle of Luzzara 1703 Castelnuovo di Bormida 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 siege of Chivasso, battle of Cassano 1706 siege and battle of Turin, mestre de camp, Bonneval, taken prisoner 1707-14 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg 1712 Flanders Uniform This regiment was the only one in the army to wear the complete cuirass of breast- and back-plates. Uniform was that of the royal regiments, coats blue, facings red, white buttons. Saddlecloths blue bordered white. 1692 1698 1698 1702 1702 1730 1735 1738

blue coat, red cuffs. [A1B] blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots yellow. [Corfey] blue with red cuffs, cuirasses and buff jackets underneath. [Gal]22 blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] “a regiment of cuirassiers which had iron breast and back (plates) but with few companies” [Cron. Modenese Franchini]23 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] coat, waistcoat, cloaks royal blue, linings red, cuffs scarlet, tin buttons, white bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with broad silver lace. [Lemau] coat, waistcoat, cloaks royal blue, linings and cuffs red, tin buttons, white stitched belt and bandoleer, leather breeches, hat with broad silver lace. Saddlecloths blue with white border. [Lemau]

Standards Description (1665-1791): front blue, sun without motto, one golden fleur-de-lys in each corner, back blue, semé of golden fleurs-de-lys, embroidered and fringed in gold and silver24. 1730 6 blue standards, sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold [Lemau]

22 23

Les Cuirassiers sont aussi vestus de bleu avec des paraments rouges, des cuirasses et des buffles par dessous. [Mercure Galant]

10 Nov. 1702 Giungono i Francesi in Modena. …Procedeva un reggimento rosso [=Gendarmerie] di 6 squadroni di 120 uomini l'uno con la spada sfoderata, poi un reggimento di Corazze che hanno petto e schiena di ferro, ma di poche compagnie. 24 Representation: planche AR 26 de Rigo "Cuirassiers du Roi, étendards 1745"

49

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1735 1738

6 blue silk standards, golden sun in the middle, 4 golden fleurs-de-lys embroidered in the corners and gold fringes. [Lemau] 6 blue silk standards, golden sun in the middle, 4 golden fleurs-de-lys embroidered in the corners and gold fringes according to the royal ordinances. [Lemau]

Royal Roussillon Susane: 267 Tessin: 1665/5 Plate No. 017B 1652 Joseph de Pons de Guimera, baron de Montclar (Montclar catalan) 13 Oct. 1652. 1661 + except Mtre. de Camp 18 Apr. 1661 1665 reestablished 7 Dec. 1665 1668 Royal-Roussillon (9 companies) Mestre de camp-lieutenants: 1668 Joseph de Pons de Guimera, baron de Montclar 1675 M. le marquis de Montfort 23 Aug. 1675 1693 Jean-Baptiste-Gaston de Choiseul, Marquis de Praslin 29 Aug. 1693 1702 M. N. de Bullion, marquis de Bonnelles Mar. 1702 1706 M. de Chémereuil (+ Turin) 1706 Jean-Baptiste-François de Joanne de La Carre, comte de Saumery 22 Sept. 1706 1718 Louis-Charles-César Le Tellier, marquis de Courtanvaux Mar. 1718 1738 le Prince Emmanuel de Croy-Solre Feb. 1738 On 28.08.1693 the king assigned those regiments of cavalry which had become vacant at the battle of Neerwinden. Royal Roussillon was given to the Marquis de Praslin. On 14.09.1706 at Turin, the Marquis de Bonnelles was killed. On 22.09.1706 the king gave the regiment to the Comte de Chémérolles (second son of the marquis de Saumery) and his regiment in turn to the chevalier de Paon, Lt. Col. of Royal Roussillon. [Sourches] Campaigns 1667 Flanders 1672 Holland, winter in the electorate of Cologne 1673 siege of Maestricht, in Brandenburg with Turenne 1674 Franche-Comté, combats at Ensheim, Mulhausen 1675 combat at Turckheim 1676-79 frontier of Germany 1677 combat at Kokersberg 1681 garrison of Casal Monferrato 1684 Luxemburg 1685-88 camp on the Saône 1688-89 Germany, siege of Philippsburg, Mannheim, Frankenthal 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 Namur & Charleroi; battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden 1694-95 Flanders 1695 combat at Boneff 1696-97 Rhine 1698 camp at Compiègne 1700 Dec. departure to Italy 1701 combats of Carpi, Chiari, winter at Cremona 1702 Cremona, Luzzara 1703 Ostiglia, la Mirandola 1704 ieges of Vercelli, Verrua 1705 Verrua; battle of Cassano; combat at Asti 1706 siege of Turin, taken prisoner at Pianezza 1707 Rhine, operations in Franconia & Swabia 1708-13 army of Flanders

50

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1708 1709 1712 1713

Oudenarde, Malplaquet, Denain Germany, sieges of Landau & Freiburg.

Uniform 1692 blue coat, red cuffs [A1B] 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots white. [Corfey] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak royal blue, lining red, cuffs and revers scarlet, engraved buttons of copper on wood, white bandoleer, goatskin breeches, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, silver hatlace à la mousquetaire. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak royal blue, linings, cuffs, turnbacks red, copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth blue bordered white with red design (diamonds?). [Lemau, Gudenus] Standards 1668-1791 front blue, sun, motto, field semé of fleurs-de-lys in gold, back identical, embroidery and fringes gold and silver. [Charrié]25. 1735 6 blue silk standards, sun in the middle, royal motto and fleurs-de-lys embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, sun in middle, royal motto and fleurs-de-lys, embroidery and fringes gold according to the royal ordinances. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, sun in the middle, royal motto, fleurs-de-lys, embroidery and fringes of gold and silver, the same for both sides. [Lemau]

Sainte-Ruth, Saint-Germain-Beaupré, Gournay, Brissac, Magnières, Monteils Susane: 421 1653 1656 1658 1661 1665 1668 1671 1672

Tessin: 1665/6 Plate No. 018A Armand de Beautru, Comte de Nogent, 30 May 1653 Marquis de Vaubrun, (his brother) Chevalier de Nogent, (his younger brother) + 18 Apr. 1661 except mestre de camp reestablished 7 Dec. 1665 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp reestablished 9 Aug. 1671, 6 companies, including the free companies of Nogent and Bouillon divided into two on 15 Mar. 1672, 3 companies Î Charles Chalmot De Sainte-Ruth, 3 Î de Vins, no. 422, 1674 Louis Foucauld, marquis de Saint-Germain-Beaupré, 24 Mar. 1674 1679 + 8 Aug. 1679, Î Saint-Aignan, except mestre de camp 1684 reestablished 15 Jan. 1684 1692 Jean-Christophe, comte de Gournay, 14 Mar. 1692 (+ Neerwinden) 1694 N. de Brissac, comte de Cossé, later Duc de Brissac, 10 Feb. 1694 1704 N. de Magnières, 30 May 1704 1710 Marquis de Monteils 1725 named Stanilas-Roy & ranked after la Reine Mestres de Camp Lieutenants: 1725 M. le Chevalier de Wiltz 1737 named Royal-Pologne, ranked after Royal de Carabiniers 1738 Prince de Talmont, 5 Apr. 1738.

On 13.03.1692 the king gave the Marquis de Saint-Germain Beaupré his agreement to the sale of his regiment of cavalry. On 26.07.1693 M. Gournay, MdC, was killed at the battle of Neerwinden. On 28.08.1693 the regiment was given to the Prince de Lillebonne to sel lit to the Chevalier de Nesle. [Sourches] This explains the gap above from Neerwinden to Feb. 1694 when Brissac took over. 25

Representation: Royal-Roussillon lost a standard at the battle of Oudenarde in 1708 which is representen on the table by Anna BEEK of 1713.

51

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Campaigns 1667 capture of Lille, garrison of Lille 1668 occupation of Oudenaarde 1672 campaign of Holland; winter in Utrecht, expeditions to Bodegrave & Swammerdam 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 battle of Seneffe 1675 sieges of Dinant, Huy & Limburg 1676 Moselle, action at Kokersberg 1677 Flanders; battle of Cassel, siege of Saint-Omer 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis. 1688 army of Germany 1692 Flanders, sieges of Namur & Charleroi; battle of Steenkerk 1693 Neerwinden, capture of Huy & Charleroi 1694 Rhine 1701-13 Flanders, Rhine, Germany 1702 battle of Friedlingen 1704 battle of Höchstädt ? (Blenheim) 1705-07 2 squadrons to army of Italy, Savoy & Dauphiné 1710-13 Flanders, Germany Uniform 1692 Saint-Germain grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Cossé white coat, red cuffs, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots black/yellow. [Corfey] 1698 Cossé grey lined red, holster-covers red..26 [Mercure Galant] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 coat and lining grey-white, cloak grey-white, lined red, red cuffs, buttons of same cloth as the coat on both sides, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, white cloth buttons on both sides, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleers, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered with silk. [Lemau]

Standards 1730 6 standards aurore, gold sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 standards of aurore slik, gold sun in the middle, semé of fleurs-de-lys, embroidery and fringes gold according to the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, sun and royal motto in gold in the middle, semé of fleurs-de-lys embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] Arms of de Cossé (duc de Brissac) : black with 3 gold saws touthed at the bottom. Livery of Cossé-Brissac: coat yellow, black and silver. [Beneton]

La Reine Susane: 107 Tessin: 1665/7 Plate No. 018B 1635 La Reine Mère (Anne d’Autriche, spouse of Louis XIII) 1665 La Reine Mestre de Camp Lieutenants: 1643 Claude, Comte de Maugiron 4 July 1643 1651 Pierre, Chev. de Baradat 18 Oct. 1651 1652 Comte de Roussillon 10 Nov. 1652 1656 M. de Nantouilet 1666 Mq. de Villiers 20 Jan. 1666 1676 Comte de Rochebonne 26

Cossé est gris doublé de rouges & fourreaux rouges.

52

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1688 1693 1693 1706 1706 1734

Mq. de Choiseul-Praslin (Jean-Baptiste-Gaston) 14 June 1688 François du Rozel de Cagny 29 Aug. 1693 Comte de Thézan (de Pujols) 1 Nov. 1693 N. de Baschi Mq. de Cayla 1706 François de Baschi de Saussan Mq. de Cayla 22 Sept. 1706 Mq. de Beauvau (Louis-Charles-Antoine) 20 Feb. 1734

On 26.02.1691 the Comte de Roussillon received agreement to sell his regiment of cavalry since his prolonged illnes did not permit him to serve any longer. On 12.03.1691 the Comte de Choiseul-Chevigny, a captain of dragoons and extremely rich, received permission to buy the regiment de la Reine which the Comte de Roussillon had received permission to sell. [Sourches] Susane does not mention either of them. Campaigns 1672-77 Holland & Germany 1674 Seneffe 1677 Cambrai & Cassel 1689 army of Roussillon; capture of Campredon 1691-97 army of Flanders, battles of Walcourt, Fleurus, Leuze, Steenkerk, Neerwinden (Landen) 1696-97 Meuse 1701 Rhine 1702-06 Italy 1702 Luzzara; Castiglione 1706 siege of Turin 1707 Daupliné & Flanders 1708 Spain 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain 1713 Germany, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 coat red, cuffs blue, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots blue. [Corfey] 1698 red lined blue [Gal] 1702 grey coat, cuffs red. [A2B] 1730 red coat, blue cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak red, lining & cuffs royal blue, plain yellow copper buttons on coat and buff waistcoat, bandoleer yellow with a white lace border, leather breeches, flat aiguillette of white ribbon and gold hatlace, saddlecloth red with a broad border in the livery of the queen and with a yellow fleur-de-lys on pistol covers and schabraque. [Lemau] Standards 1680 Crimson-red with the Sun; in the middle the initials of Marie-Thérèse. Embroidered and fringed gold and silver [Charrié] 1730 6 red standards, semé of golden fleurs-de-lys & gold fringes. [Lemau] 1738 6 red silk standards semé of golden fleurs-de-lys & the monogramm of Queen Mary, Princess of Poland, crowned and embroidered in gold and silver in the four corners, fringed in gold and silver according to the royal ordinances. [Lemau] 1740 6 red silk standards, sun and royal motto in gold, semé of golden fleurs-de-lys & the monogramm of Queen Mary, Princess of Poland, crowned and embroidered in gold and silver in the four corners, fringed in gold and silver according to the royal ordinances. [Lemau] (Note that the monogram « MT » in our drawing, taken from Mouillard, better matches the name of Marie Thérèse, queen of Louis XIV than Marie Lesczyznska, queen of Louis XV – ground for our assumption that it was not changed after the death of Marie Thérèse in 1683.) Livery: red coat lined and cuffed with blue, with a white chain design on blue as livery lace. [Beneton de Moranges] 27 27

On a fait aussi une livrée d’imitation pour les Reines, tant de France que d’Espagne, qui leur sera héréditaire, et qui n’est qu’un contraste de celle de Rois, leurs époux.

53

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Bourgogne, Bretagne Susane: 351 Tessin: 1665/8 Plate No. 019A (1686-1711 Bourgogne or Royal Bourgogne, named Bretagne from 8 June 1711 until 1751.) 1665 Compagnie d'Ordonnance de Mq. de Paulmy 7 Dec. 1665 1685 Monseigneur le Duc de Bourgogne Mestre de camp Lieutenants: 1671 M. Daugé (Guy Aldonse d’Auger) 9 Aug. 1671 1684 Louis-François de Bourbon-Conti, La Roche-sur-Yon 19 Feb. 1684 1684 Comte d'Houdetot 1685 N. de Grosmesnil 5 June 1685 1692 Antoine-Joseph-Arnauld , Chev. de Pomponne 24 Feb. 1692 1693 François de Granges de Surgères, Marquis de Puyguyon 15 Nov. 1693 1704 Paul-François de Béthune-Charost, Marquis d’Ancenis 10 Feb. 1704 1715 Comte de Brassac 4 Dec. 1715 1717 Michel de Forbin, Marquis de Janson, 12 Aug. 1717 1738 Comte de Gassion 16 Apr. 1738 On 26.02.1692 one heard that the Marquis d’Houdetot, inspector of cavalry and MdC of Bourgogne, had died of illness at Metz. At first the Marquis de Pomponne, a relation of his, asked the king for the regiment for his son, the Chevalier de Pomponne and his majesty agreed cordially. On 14.11.1693 the king gave to the Comte de Puyguyon the regiment of cavalry of Bourgogne and Saint-Lieu, the lieutenant-colonel, received the regiment of Puyguyon. [Sourches] Once again there is a discrepancy between Susane and Sourches. Campaigns 1667-68 Flanders 1672 Holland, province of Utrecht 1672-73 expedition to Bodegrave, Nieubrück et Swammerdam 1674 Seneffe 1675 capture of Dinant, Huy, Limburg 1676 capture of Condé, Bouchain 1677 Valenciennes, Cambrai 1678 capture of Gent, Ypres 1679 Brandenburg, battle of Minden 1692 Neerwinden 1693 Charleroi 1695 Brussels 1696-97 Moselle 1701 army of Germany 1702 Flanders, combat at Nijmegen, siege of Brisach 1702-03 Winterquarters in Avesnes 1703 Eckeren, Landau, battle of Speyerbach 1703-04 Winterquarters in Asti 1704 army of Tallard; Höchstädt-Blenheim 1705 Moselle 1706-07 Rhine, Moder 1708 Flanders; Oudenaarde 1709 Rhine, Schworweiler, fourage Uttenhofen 1711 Flanders 1712 Denain 1713 Landau, Freiburg 1714 camp on upper Meuse

54

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Uniform 1692 Duc de Bourgogne blue coat, red cuffs [A1B] 1698 Bourgogne blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red. [Corfey] 1702 Bourgogne blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 6 blue standards, a gold eagle on a pyre, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak blue, lining & cuffs red, flat buttons worked in tin, buff waistcoat, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver 3 inches broad, saddlecloths blue bordered with red,white chains (Royal livery). [Lemau] Standards 1710 Bourgogne Av. blue, cartouche with a phoenix on a pyre raising its wings with motto on ribbon: IN REGNAM ET PUGNAS. In each corner a little trophy in a gold cartouche. The trophies are different and identical to those of the standards of the Maison du Roi. Embroidered and fringed in gold and silver. Revers identical. (Bretagne idem) [Charrié] 1738 6 blue silk standards with a phoenix on a pyre, semé of fleurs-de-lys in gold and the motto: IN REGNUM ET PUGNAX, trophies in the corners embroidered and fringed in gold according to the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, on both sides a phoenix on a pyre raising its wings and the motto: IN REGNUM ET PUGNAX, trophies in the corners and a border semé of gold fleurs-de-lys, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Anjou (Royal-Artois) Susane: 352 Tessin: 1665/9 Plate No. 019B Aquitaine in 1753, Artois in 1762. 1665 M. Baleroy de Choisy, 7 Dec. 1665 1668 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. 1671 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 1672 Charles de Champlaix, marquis de Courcelles 1674 Maréchal Claude-Louis-Hector, Duc de Villars, 25 Aug. 1674 1679 + 8 Aug. 1679 1684 reestablished le 15 Jan. 1684. 1688 given by the King to his grandson Philippe Duc d'Anjou 20 Mar. 1688 Mestres de camp lieutenants: 1688 Carles-Nicolas de Créqui, Marquis de Blanchefort, 28 Aug. 1688 1696 Comte Dauros (d’Auroy) 5 Dec. 1696 1704 Marquis de Courton (Jacques de Chabanne),1 May 1704 1707 Marquis François-Philippe d'Escorailles, 23 Mar. 1707 1712 Marquis de Louvoy (Louvois N. le Tellier), Dec. 1712 1719 Duc de Gontaud (Gontaut, N. de Biron) 1732 Anne-Louis-Henry de Thiard, marquis de Bissy, 13 Oct. 1732 1736 Charles-François-Elzéar Marquis de Vogué 11 Mar. 1736 Campaigns 1668 garrison Douai 1672-78 Holland 1674 Seneffe (mestre de camp Courcelles +); siege of Aire, relief of Maestricht 1677 battle of Cassel; capture of St Omer 1677-78 Germany, combats at Kehl. Kokersberg, Waldrick, passage of stream at Neuburg, Rheinfelden & Gegensbach; passage of Kinzig 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1689 campaign in Palatinate 1691 Italy 1692-97 Flanders 1692 battle of Steenkerk 1701-06 army of Italy 1701 Chiari

55

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1702 Santa Vittoria; Luzzara, Borgoforte 1703 expedition to Trentin, Santa Vittoria, San Benedetto 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 Cassano 1706 Calcinato, siege of Turin 1707-08 Spain 1707 battle of Almanza; capture of Lerida 1708 siege of Tortosa 1710 Dauphiné 1711-13 Spain 1713 Catalonia; siege of Barcelona Uniform 1692 blue coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace gold, shoulder and sword knots white/red. [Corfey] 1702 blue coat, cuffs red. [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak royal blue, lining, cuffs & lapels red, fashioned copper buttons, buff waistcoat, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hat with a broad gold lace, saddlecloth blue bordered ... ? [Lemau] 1740 buttons yellow. Saddlecloth in 1740: blue bordered aurore (salmon pink). [Lemau] Standards 1688-1753: front: blue edged red, sun and royal motto, back: blue bordered red, semé of fleurs-de-lys in gold, in each corner the shield of Anjou surmounted by the crown of France; embroidery and fringes gold and silver [Charrié] 1730 6 blue standards bordered red, sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, gold sun in the middle, arms of Anjou and fleurs-de-lys embroidered in corners and fringed in gold according to the two royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, sun and royal motto gold, in the corners a gold fleur-de-lys ; back semé of gold fleursde-lys, in 4 corners a Crown of a Prince of France with a shield with 3 fleurs-de-lys embroidered and fringed in gold (Anjou). [Lemau] Livery of Villars: feuille-morte and red. [Beneton de Moranges] Arms of Anjou: blue charged with 3 golden fleurs-de-lys within a red border.

Orléans Susane: 3 Tessin: 1665/10 Plate No. 20 A 1630 M. le Grand-Prieur de Valency brought the regiment from Piedmont to France for the House of Orléans, which name it retained for its entire existance. Mestres de camp: 1635 May 16 Commandeur de Souvré (Jaques) 1651 May 6 Marquis d’Arquien (Henri de La Grange-Montigny) 1654 Duc de Roannèz (Artus de Gouffier) 1665 Dec. 7 de Visé (Gaspard Donneau) 1668 Chevalier de Beuvron (N. d’Harcourt) 1670 Commandeur de Valençay 1672 Chevalier de La Rochefoucauld 1673 May 1 Marquis de Montrevel (Nicolas-Auguste de La Baume), maréchal de France 1703 1675 Aug. 29 Comte de Watteville (Louis du Fossé de La Mothe) 1690 May Comte de Saulx-Tavannes 1693 May 1 Marquis de Silly (Jaques-Joseph Vipart) 1704 Dec. 25 de Jouy (Nicolas-Louis Grostête) 1719 Mar. 6 Comte de Ségur (Henri-François) 1734 Mar. 10 Comte de Graville (Louis-Robert Malet de Valsemé)

56

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 On 15.05.1690 the Comte de Saulx who was an officer in the petite gendarmerie also bought the regiment of Mr. de Watteville who had been MdC but who had difficulty giving his resignation since he had wanted to sell it for more but Monsieur having sent him his demission, he was obliged to sell. [Sourches] Campaigns 1666 camp d’instruction at Compiègne 1667 capture of Tournai, Douai, Lille 1672 campaign in Holland 1673 Utrecht, siege of Maestricht 1674 Seneffe & relief of Oudenaarde 1675 capture of Dinant, Huy, Limburg 1676 capture of Condé, Bouchain, Aire 1677 sieges of Valenciennes, Cambrai 1678 sieges of Gent, Ypres 1679 combat with Brandenburgers at Minden 1683 sieges of Courtrai & Dixmunde 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 Flanders; Palatinate, siege of Philippsburg 1689 Flanders, combat at Walcourt 1690-91 Germany 1692 Flanders; siege of Namur; battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden; capture of Charleroi 1694 Tongres, Brussels 1697 corps of observation on Meuse 1698 Camp at Compiègne 1701 Flanders 1702 combat of Nijmegen 1703 Germany, reduction of Breisach, Landau; battle of Speyerbach 1704 battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Alsace 1706 Drusenheim, Lauterburg, ile du Marquisat 1707 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1711 combat of Arleux 1712 Denain; recapture of Douai, Quesnoy, Bouchain 1713 Rhine, capture of Landau & Freiburg 1714 camp on the lower Meuse (Maas). Uniform 1692 coat grey, cuffs red. 1698 coat white, cuffs red, hat ribbon black, hat lace silver, knot and aiguillette red [Corfey, Gal]. 1702 coat grey, cuffs red, officers saddlecloths red with the arms of Orléans in the corners [AN 3 contracts 1703, 1704]28 1730 white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau 1730] 1738 coat and cloak white, lining, cuffs and lapels red, buttons of grey/white cloth on both sides, buff jacket with copper buttons, bandoleer white, leather breeches, hat border silver, saddle cloths red edged ... ? [Lemau]. Standards 1730 6 standards of red silk with the golden sun in the middle, the arms of Orléans and fleurs-de-lys embroidered in gold in the corners, fringed gold [Lemau]. 1738 ditto according to the ordinances of 1737 [Lemau]. 1740 ditto [Lemau] Livery of Orleans: red coat, lined and cuffed blue with lace white and blue parallels with a red and white checkered border. 29

28

Contract ET XLVIII/19 : grey coat, red cuffs; housses des officiers rouges avec les armes d’Orleans dans les coins.

57

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Condé Susane: 6 Tessin: 1665/11 Plate No. 020B (became Condé dragoons in 1776) 1635 Maison de Condé (Enghien) “mestres de camp-lieutenants” commanding the regiment 1659 into French service on 7 Nov. 1659 under Noel Bouton, comte de Chamilly, 1659 put under command of Jean de Coligny, comte de Saligny. 1661 + 18 Apr. 1661 except for company of Prince de Condé. 1665 reestablished 7 Dec. 1665. 1668 + 24 Mai 1668 except for the Prince’s company 1671 reestablished on 9 Aug. 1671 under Jean, comte de Coligny 1682 22 Marz 1682 N. du Caylar de St-Bonnet, mq. de Toiras 1694 7 Feb. 1694 marquis de Cerisy 1705 23 Mar.3/1705 N. de Rochechouart, mq. de Montpipeau, 1715 Prince de Bournonville; 1719 24 Nov. 1719 Louis-Charles, marquis de Gouffier, 1740 21 Feb. 1740 Jean de la Guiche-Sivignon, comte de la Guiche. On 26.11.1690 it was known that the Prince had given his regiment to M. de Coligny which was made vacant by the promotion of the Marquis de Toiras to capitaine-lieutenant of the Gendarmes of Monseigneur le Dauphin. [Sourches] Susane does not mention M. de Coligny in 1690 but does confirm the nomination of the Marquis de Toiras (+ 19.09.1691 at Leuze) as capt. lt. of the Chevau-légers du Dauphin in 1690. On 10.05.1695 the regiment of Condé was given to the lt. col. Cerisy when it became vacant on the death of the Comte de Coligny. [Sourches]

Campaigns 1666 camp at Compiègne 1667 capture of Tournai, Douai & Lille 1668 capture of Baccarat, Rambervillers & Franche-Comté 1672 Holland, winter in Utrecht 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 battle of Seneffe 1675 capture of Dinant, Huy & Limburg 1676 Sarre 1677 combat at Kokersberg 1678 frontier of Germany 1682 camp at Artois 1683 camp on the Saône 1684 army of Roussillon, combat of Ter & siege of Gerona 1685-87 camp on the Adour 1688 camp on the Saône 1688-97 Flanders, Moselle & Rhine 1690 Fleurus 1693 Neerwinden 1697 siege of Ath 1701 Flanders, battle of Nijmegen 1702 Rhine, cannonade of Huningen, battle of Friedlingen 1703 siege of Kehl 1st battle of Höchstädt 1704 Rhine, 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Flanders & Rhine 29

M. Philippe de France, duc d’Orléans, frère unique de Louis XIV, prit pour la sienne un fond rouge doublé de bleu, galonné de deux galons accostés, l’un blanc, et l’autre bleu, et tous deux limbés ou bordés d’un échiquier de blanc et de rouge de deux traits, ce qui est devenu une livrée héréditaire pour tous les descendants mâles de ce prince (Beneton de Moranges)

58

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1706 Flanders 1708 Germany 1709-12 Flanders 1713 Rhine Uniform 1692 grey coat, red cuffs [A1B] 1698 white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red/yellow [Corfey]. 1702 grey coat, red cuffs [A2B] 1730 white coat, red cuffs, 6 standards ventre de biche, arms of Condé in gold, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 coat & cloak white, lined red, cuffs red cloth, buttons white cloth, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace broad, silver. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, buttons of grey-white cloth, copper buttons on buff waistcoat, bandoleer stitched white, leather breeches and hatborder silver, saddlecloth red bordered ?. [Lemau] Standards year? Front: ventre-de-biche, sun, motto. Embroidery and fringes gold and silver. Back: ventre-de-biche, arms of Condé, a single gold fleur-de-lys in each corner. [ Charrié] 1735 6 standards of ventre-de-biche, sun in the middle, arms of Condé and fleurs-de-lys embroidered in gold in the corners, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 standards of ventre-de-biche, golden sun in the middle, arms of Condé and fleurs-de-lys embroidered in gold in the corners, fringed gold following the two royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 standards of blue silk, sun and royal motto in gold, the back ventre-de-biche with a sun embroidered in silver setting alight a pyre on a field and the words: DA MATERIAM SPLENDESCAM, bordered and fringed in silver.[Lemau] Arms of Chamilly: red with a gold band. Livery of Condé: straw yellow coat lined and cuffed with red with a red velvet lace. [Beneton de Moranges]30

Bourbon (Bourbon dragoons 1776) Susane: 167 Tessin: 1665/12 Plate No. 021A 1649 Henri-Jules de Bourbon-Condé d'Enghien 17 Jan 1649 1686 Louis-Henri Duc de Bourbon 11 Dec. 1686 1709 Louis-Henri Duc de Bourbon 15 Sept. 1709 1710 Charles Comte de Charolois 4 Mar. 1710 Mestre de Camp Lieutenants: 1652 Jean de Coligny, Comte de Saligny 1659 Hérard Bouton, Marquis de Chamilly 7 Nov. 1659 1665 Gaspard de Champagne, Comte de La Suze 7 Dec. 1665 1671 Marquis de Lanmary 9 Aug. 1671 1681 Comte de Xaintrailles 1686 Comte de La Chapelle 1693 de Choiseul Chev. de Lanques 30 May 1693 1702 de Royer, Comte de Saint-Micaud 6 Dec. 1702 1719 de Crussol d’Uzès, Marquis de Montausier On 20.04.1693 the duc d’Enghien gave his regiment to the Marquis de Lanque, of the house of Choiseul, captain of dragoons. (Jougla: Victor Amédée de Choiseul, marquis de Lanques) [Sourches] Campaigns 1667 Flanders, sieges of Douai, Tournai, Lille 1668 Franche-Comté 30

Les comtes de Vendôme prirent le jaune paillé […] Les Condé ont conservé ce jaune qu’ils ont parmenté et doublé de rouge, et galonné d’un petit velouté aussi rouge

59

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1669-70 occupation of Lorraine 1672 Holland, capture of Orsoy & Emmerich, passage of Rhine 1673 Low Countries 1674 Franche-Comté, sieges of Besançon et Dôle; Flanders, battle of Seneffe 1675 capture of Limburg, frontier of Germany 1676 capture of Condé. Bouchain, Aire 1677 sieges of Valenciennes, Cambrai, combat at Kokersberg 1678 siege of Gent, Germany, attack of Orteberg 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 Rhine , siege of Philippsburg, Mannheim, Frankenthal 1692 Flanders, siege of Namur 1693 battle of Neerwinden 1694-97 Flanders 1701-06 Italy and Tyrol 1702 battle of Luzzara 1707 Dauphiné 1708-09 Rhine 1709-12 Flanders 1713 Rhine Uniform 1692 grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots yellow/red. [Corfey] 1702 grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, cuffs & lining red, buttons grey-white cloth, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered ... ? [Lemau] Saddlecloths (in 1750) red with a white border. Musiciens: livery of Bourbon, justaucorps chamois, facings and waistcoat red, lace red and silver. [Delaistre for Bourbon-infantry in 1721] Standards 1686-1776: front blue, sun, motto, one golden fleur-de-lys in each corner, back blue with the Bourbon arms, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Charrié] 1730 standards blue, sun, fleurs-de-lys and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, golden sun in the middle and 4 fleurs-de-lys in gold in the corners, fringes gold according to the two ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, golden sun and royal motto, 4 fleurs-de-lys in gold in the corners, fringes gold. [Lemau] Trumpet banner (around 1750): red with 3 silver fleurs-de-lys surmounted with a silver crown. [see planches nos. 87 & 99 of "l'armée française" by Lucien ROUSSELOT] Arms of Bourbon: blue with 3 fleurs-de-lys, charged with a red baton.

Coulanges, du Maine, Cheydalet, Monmorency-Chateaubrun, Saint-Simon Susane: 353 1665 1668 1671 1674 1674 1688 1690 1702 1712 1734

Tessin: 1665/14 Plate No. 021B Philippe-Emanuel marquis de Coulanges, 7 Dec. 1665 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671, 6 companies M. de Culan René de Montbourcher, Marquis du Bordage, 4 Nov. 1674 Duc du Maine (Mestre de camp lieutenant: M. de Montagnac) 18 Oct. 1688 François de Dyenne, Comte de Cheyladet, 14 July 1690 Chevalier de Clermont, Feb. 1702 Jean-Nicolas, Marquis de Monmorency-Chateaubrun, 26 July 1712 Marquis de Saint Simon, 20 Feb. 1734

60

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1736

Marquis de Saint Simon (his son), May 1737

Campaigns 1667 Roussillon 1672-73 Roussillon 1674 Rhine , combat at Sinsheim & Ensheim (Mestres de camp both +), combat at Mulhausen. 1675 combat at Turckheim, Haguenau & Saverne 1676 Flanders, sieges of Condé, Aire 1677 sieges of Valenciennes & Saint-Omer, battle of Cassel 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis 1679 Rhine, combat at Minden 1682 camp in Upper Alsace 1683 camp on the Saône 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1685-88 camp on the Saône 1688 Rhine , siege of Philippsburg, (Mtre de camp du Bordage +) 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus, (M. de C de Montagnac +) 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 Moselle et Rhine 1694-95 Flanders 1696-97 Meuse 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Flanders 1702 combat at Nijmegen 1705 Moselle 1706 Flanders, battle of Ramillies 1707 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1712 battle of Denain, capture of Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 du Bordage : grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1692 Maine grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Du Mayne white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black/white, hatlace gold, shoulder and sword knots white. [Corfey] 1702 Du Maine grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 Du Maine white coat. [Lemau] 1738 coat, lining & cloak grey-white, cuffs & lapels red, buttons grey-white cloth, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered green with yellow line. [Lemau] Standards 1730 red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 6 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle, embroidery & fringes gold, according to the two royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 red silk standards, sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Livery du Maine: Auguste de Bourbon, Duc du Maine, legitimised natural son of Louis XIV, had the livery of Monsieur Gaston de France, Duc d’Orléans, brother of Louis XIII (red lined blue) the only difference being the laces which were plain in the du Maine livery, being a yellow lace between two blue ones. Du Maine also hat round cuffs and vertical pockets. [Beneton de Moranges]

Conty, Humières, Villeroi, d’Alincourt Susane: 216 1665

Tessin: 1665/13 Plate No. 022A & B Louis de Crevant marquis d'Humières Aug. 1665

61

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1668 1671 1676 1695 1700 1718 1733

+ reestablished François de Neufville de Villeroi Comte de Seyssac Nicolas de Neufville, chevalier de Villeroi Marechal de Villeroi d’Alincourt Prince de Conty 18 Jan. 1733

Note: In an article on Villeroi-Cavalerie (Bivouac 1986/3) it is stated that the regiment was formed 24 Sept. 1651, reformed 7 Sept. 1652 excluding 2 companies, 1661 reestablished, 1 May 1668 reformed, September 1678 reformed once more excluding the mestre de camp. Campaigns 1674 battle of Seneffe [Invalides acte 14182] 1676-77 Flanders; sieges of Valenciennes & Cambrai 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres; combat at Saint-Denis 1681 Camp at Haute-Alsace, siege of Strasbourg 1682 camp in Artois 1683 camp on the Sarre 1684 sieges of Courtrai & Luxemburg 1685 camp on the Saône 1688 Palatinate, combats of Philippsburg, Mannheim & Frankenthal 1689-91 Rhine 1692 siege of Namur; battle of Steinkerk 1693 siege of Huy & battle of Neerwinden 1694 expedition to pont d’Espierres 1695 siege of Dixmunde, bombardment of Brussels 1696-97 Flanders 1701 Germany, then in Italy 1701-1706 1702 combat at Santa Vittoria, 15. Aug. battle of Luzzara 1703 Trentin, Santa Vittoria, San Benedetto 1704 2nd Höchstädt (Blenheim, see notes below) 1706 Italy [Dangeau] 1708-12 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1713 Rhine . "Silence falls on its fate for five years. It is probable that it followed the destiny of Maréchal de Villeroy, and that it was with him in Flanders in 1706, and with him at the disaster of Ramillies" [Susane]. It has been established that Villeroi cavalerie took part in the battle of Blenheim, 13th Aug. 1704 where it lost a standard, and at Oudenarde, 11th July 1708 where it lost another. Uniform 1692 grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 grey coat, hat ribbon black, hatlace gold, shoulder and sword knots green. [Corfey] 1702 grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1721 [Delaistre- Sabretache] Officers: justeaucorps iron-grey with open cuffs the same colour, pockets horizontal and bordered with a gold lace an inch broad. Buttons and buttonlace gold. Waistcoat scarlet, borders, buttons and buttonlace gold. Breeches scarlet (decorated with two gold laces along the outside seams). Hat borderd gold with a black cockade. Saddlecloth and pistol covers green with a gold border. Maréchal de Logis: Justeaucorps as for the officers without any borders, only gold buttons. Hat border gold, cockade and cravate black. Brigadier: a 3 inch gold lace and a gold border around the round cuffs and an aiguilette of green linen on the shoulder. Saddlecloth green with an orange border with the arms of the colonel. Black swordknot. White cloak. Troopers: same colour of cloth, round cuffs, buttons of the same cloth, the saddlecloth as for the Brigadier and with and aiguillette, black swordknot, stitched buff belts. On the shoulder a small patch of cloth to secure the buff bandoleer, buff gauntlets, the usual sabre and carbine.

62

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

1721 1730 1738

Kettledrummer: a moor with a green cap bordered gold and green, white, yellow and black plumes. Uniform as for the trumpeter. Trumpeter: justeaucorps green with a one-inch gold lace and an orange lace the same size between two of them, layout as usual on similar costumes, round cuffs of orange velvet with a lace and border of gold as for the brigadiers, the pockets verticle. The drumbanners are white with the same arms (the ground embroidered in gold and silver). The trumpet banners white with similar motifs. Horse furniture [Mac Carthy-Delaistre] green with a border of aurore, the arms of the colonel embroidered in the rounded corners of the saddlecloth, cloak white, for officers with a gold lace. white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] coat, lining, cuffs, cloth buttons of iron-asch-grey, the cuffs slit, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, cloak grey-white lined the same, hatborder silver, saddlecloth red bordered. [Lemau]

Standards 1704 (Taken at Blenheim) On a red ground a brown eagle rising towards the sun coming out of clouds, beneath them trees on a green base. The motto Ingenito, solem veneratur amore. The reverse blue with the sun and motto nec pluribus impar. [Spofforth] 31 1721 Standard of the company of the Mestre de Camp white with the royal devices. The other standards green with the arms of Villeroy. (Note: the standards have a design with an eagle and the words: Ingenito, solem veneratur amore and on the back the royal devices.) [Delaistre- Sabretache] This is the only regiment for which a white colonel’s standard is recorded. 1730 standards green, sun and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 standards of aurore silk, gold sun in the middle, arms of Conti and fleurs-de-lys embroidered in the corners and fringed in gold according to the royal ordinances of 1737 [Lemau] 1740 6 standards of pale yellow silk (jonquille), sun and royal motto in gold on one side and on the other an eagle flying across lighting bolts and flashes and the words in a motto: NEC TERRENT, NEC MORANTUR, embroidered and fringed in silver. [Lemau] Livery of Crevant d'Humières: yellow lined red and decorated with a broad black velvet lace edged in white. [Beneton de Moranges] (after Leliepvre lace white edged black) Arms of Neufville (Villeroi): blue with a gold chevron accompanied with 3 gold anchor-crosses. Livery of Villeroi : green coat faced aurore. [Beneton de Moranges]

Gohas, La Valette, Prince Camille, Lorraine, Lembescq, Beaucayre Susane: 246 1652 1656 1660 1665 1668 1671 1689 1702 1708 1730 1736

Tessin: 1665/15 Plate No. 023A Louis de Biran d’Armagnac, comte de Gohas (d’Armagnac) 12 Mar. 1652 Louis-Felix de Nogaret, marquis de La Valette 8 May 1656 + except Mtre. de Camp 20 July 1660 reestablished 7 Dec. 1665 + except Mtre. de Camp 26 May 1668 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Prince Camille de Lorraine 25 Nov. 1689 Prince Charles de Lorraine comte d’Armagnac 10 Feb. 1702 Prince Lembescq (Lambesc) de Lorraine (his nephew) 28 Mar. 1708 Marquis de Beaucayre (Beaucaire) Gilles-Gervais de Puechpeyrou de Comminges, Comte de Beaucaire (his nephew) 28 Mar. 1736

Campaigns 1667 capture of Bergues, Furnes, Courtrai, Oudenaarde 1668 Franche-Comté 31

This is one of the few instances where we are able to compare Spofforth’s drawing with the original which was almost certainly the same design in 1704. The motto and the central design are correct but probably reconstructed from notes. The ground colours of the front and back are incorrect. The basic reason is that Spofforth was contracted to make a propaganda poster and not a serious study of the captured flags and standards. The details were sufficient to show contemporaries whose standard it was.

63

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1672 campaign in Holland, bishopric of Münster 1673 province of Utrecht 1674 battle of Seneffe 1675 sieges of Dinant, Huy & Limburg 1676 sieges of Condé, Bouchain, Aire 1677 Germany; capture of Freiburg, winter in Franche-Comté 1678 Roussillon, capture of Puycerda 1680-81 camp in Flanders 1683 camp on the Saône 1684 Luxemburg 1688 camp on the Meuse 1688-95 Germany 1696 Flanders 1698 Camp at Compiègne 1701 Germany 1702 Germany, battle of Friedlingen 1703 siege of Kehl, expedition to Bavaria 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705-13 Rhine & Moselle Uniform 1692 La Valette grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1692 Camille grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] (2 entries 1692??) 1698 Camille white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white/green, hatlace gold, shoulder and sword knots green. [Corfey] 1730 Lambesq white coat, red cuffs [Lemau] Standards green, gold sun and 4 golden crosses of Lorraine in the corners, fringed gold. [Lemau] 1735 coat, collar and cloak grey-white, lining red, cuffs and lapels scarlet, copper, half-rounded buttons in groups of 3 on both sides down to the pocket, slit cuffs, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with a broad gold border. [Lemau] 1738 coat, collar & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs & lapels red, copper buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace gold, saddlecloth red bordered isabelle with a blue line [Lemau] Standards 1730 standards green, gold sun and 4 golden crosses of Lorraine in the corners, fringed gold. [Lemau] 1735 6 standards of red silk, sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 red silk standards, gold embroidered sun in the middle and gold fringes according to the two royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 green damask standards, sun and royal motto embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] The above is taken from Lemau de la Jaisse. Since green ist the livery colour of Lorraine, we see it as probable that the standards were green under the colonels from the house of Lorraine.

Foucauld, Quinson, Chalons, Gouffier d’Heilly, Egmont, Desmarets, Gesvres Susane: 178 1649 1651 1655 1661 1665 1668 1671 1690 1693 1699 1704 1709

Tessin: 1665/16 Plate No. 023B Antoine de Foucauld 23 Feb. 1649 + Î Crequi 4 June 1651 Antoine de Foucauld 9 Apr. 1655 + except Mtre. de Camp 18 Apr 1661 de Foucauld 7 Dec. 1665 + except Mtre. de Camp 24 May 1668 (reserve) Jean-Raymond de Villardis, comte de Quinson 9 Aug. 1671 Marquis de Chalons Mar. 1690 Charles-Antoine, marquis de Gouffier d’Heilly 24 Feb. 1693 Comte d'Egmont Desmarets Feb. 1704 Duc de Gesvres Dec. 1709

64

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1726 1740

Duc de Gesvres Comte de Tresmes Comte de Clermont-Tonnerre

On 22.02.1693 the king gave the Comte de Gouffier permission to buy the regiment of Châlons and this favour was not very considerable since he was a man of good family who had become lt. col. through his service. On 02.08.1698 the king gave the sous-lieutenance of his company of Gendarmes to the Marquis de Tresnel who was ensign to the Marquis de Gouffier, MdC whose regiment he gave to the Comte d’Egmont whose regiment had been reformed. [Sourches] Campaigns 1667 Roussillon 1668 garrison of Rodez 1672 Holland 1674 Alsace, combats of Sinsheim, Ensheim, Mulhausen 1675 combats of Turckheim, Altenheim, capture of Hagenau & Saverne 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 actions at Rheinfelden, Seckingen, Kehl & Lichtenberg 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1686-88 camp on the Saône 1689 Flanders, combat at Walcourt 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 Germany 1693-97 Rhine 1701 Flanders 1708 Flanders 1710 Flanders [Invalides] Uniform 1692 Quinson grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1692 Chalons grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1730 Gesvres white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, cuffs and lining red, red aiguillette, buttons German tin on wood down both sides to the pockets, red patch for the bandoleer, buff waiscoat with white border and copper buttons, bandoleer stitched white, leather breeches & hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered red/blue. [Lemau] Standards 1730 standards red, sun and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 standards of lemon yellow, sun in the middle on one side and on the other a lion looking at the sun and the words: ARDET & AUDET (embroidered) and fringed gold according to the royal ordinances of 1737 [Lemau] Livery of Gesvres: red lined green, laced with a broad velour of yellow and green, the green in a wavy line on the yellow. [Beneton de Moranges]

Plessis-Bellière, Servon, La Tournelle, La Feuillade, Aubusson, Saint Aignan Susane: 262 1652 1654 1657 1661 1665 1668 1671 1680 1693 1701

Tessin: 1665/17 Plate No. 024A Jacques de Rougé, marquis de Plessis-Bellière 5 Aug. 1652 René de Bruc de Montplaisir 18 Dec. 1654 François de Bruc de La Rabliere (his brother) 16 Nov. 1657 + except Mtre. de Camp 18 Apr. 1661 reestablished 7 Dec. 1665 + except Mtre. de Camp 24 May 1668 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Henry de Lyonne, comte de Servon 13 July 1680 Chevalier de La Tournelle en 30 Mar. 1693 Louis d’Aubusson, Duc de La Feuillade 5 May 1701

65

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1702 1719 1734

André-Joseph, marquis d’Aubusson Saint-Paul 4 Mar. 1702 Jean-Joachim Rouhault de Gamaches, comte de Cayeux 6 Mar. 1719 le comte de Beauvilliers-Saint-Aignan

On 31.03.1693 the king gave permission for the regiment of cavalry de Bezons to the Comte de la Tournelle, lt. col. in the regiment du Maine, and that for the regiment of Servon to the Chevalier de Balivières. [Sourches] Susane mentions the relationship but gives the order the other way round (cf. 1672/1). Campaigns 1667 capture of Bergues, Furnes, Courtrai, Oudenaarde 1668 Rhine 1672 campaign in Holland, winter in Cologne 1673 conquest of town in Brandenburg 1674 Flanders, then Roussillon, combat at Maurellas 1675 capture of Ampurias, Bellegarde, chateau de la Capelle 1676 capture of Figueras 1677 combat at Espouilla 1678 capture of Puycerda 1679 Roussillon 1684 Luxemburg 1688 camp on the Saône 1689 Roussillon 1690 Italy, battle of la Staffarda, capture of Barge & Susa 1691 capture of Villefranche, Montalban, Nice, Veillane, Montmellian 1692-93 coast of Bretagne 1694 coast of Provence, combat at Camaret 1697 Flanders siege of Ath [Invalides acte 9432] 1702 Flanders 1703 expedition to Bavaria 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Moselle 1706 Flanders, battle of Ramillies 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 Rhine 1713 sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 Servon grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1714 grey-white coat, dark yellow cuffs. Trumpeter’s lace: yellow with a black zig-zag between two white laces with black points. [C. A. Norman] 32 1730 white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs, lapels red, buttons tin, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered isabelle with a red chain design on it [Lemau, Susane]. Standards 1701-19 front. red, sun, motto, embroidery and fringe gold, back: red, arms of Aubusson (red anchor cross on gold) [Charrié] 1730 Standards red, sun and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 standards of aurore silk, sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold according to the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 32

Note from the Brunon library on a convention of January 1714 signed in Lyon between “Capitaine de la Colombière de la régiment de cavallerie d’Aubusson et Sr. Agniel Jouvencel, fournisseur de drap” to supply uniform cloth to the regiment: “The document contains no details of the quantities of cloth to be supplied, but has two swatches of cloth and a strip of livery lace described as ‘galon d’livrée des Trompettes’ glued to the bottom of the page as samples. The swatch of coat cloth is a square of heavy woolen material, rather coarse, of a virtually white colour with a faint blueish tinge, appearing as a very pale blueish-grey-white from a distance. . . . The swatch described as regimental distinctive is a rather dark yellow with a faint ocher tint, and appears to be a slightly better quality of wool than the coat cloth. The trumpeter’s galon de livrée I would judge to be about 2½ - 3 inches wide and woven in a better quality of wool (the yellow is lighter and brighter than the facing cloth. It may well have been used to edge the regimental shabraques as well. This would seem to indicate the d’Aubusson livery was yellow and black; yellow coats faced black for trumpeter’s?” A drawing of the lace design is attached to the note.

66

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1740

6 standards of aurore silk, sun and royal motto, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau]

Thianges, Florensac, Talmont, La Tremouille, Tarente, Grammont Susane: 354 1665 1668 1671 1674 1679 1682 1693 1705 1709 1719 1735

Tessin: 1665/18 Plate No. 024B marquis de Thianges, 7 Dec. 1665 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671, 3 companies Louis de Crussol d’Uzès, marquis de Florensac, 24 Jan. 1674 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 1 Oct. 1682. Fréderic-Guillame de la Trémouille, prince de Talmont, 30 Mar. 1693 Charles-Louis Bretagne, duc de la Tremouille, 4 Feb. 1705 (Dec. 1704) Charles-Louis Bretagne,prince de Tarente, 1 June 1709 (same Mestre de Camp) Godefroy-Charles-Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, duc de Bouillon, prince de Turenne, 1 Feb. 1719 Pierre, marquis de Grammont-Fallon

On 31.03.1693 the king agreed to give the regiment of Florensac to the prince de Talmont, brother of the duc de La Trémouille. [Sourches] Campaigns 1667 sieges of Tournai, Douai & Lille 1672 Netherlands 1674 Franche-Comté; battle of Seneffe, combat at Mulhausen 1675 combat at Turckheim, capture ofDinant, Huy, Limburg 1676 Germany 1677 sieges of Valenciennes, Cambrai, Freiburg 1678 capture of Gent, Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis 1679 against Brandenburg, battle of Minden 1683 siege of Courtrai 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1692 Neerwinden 1693 Charleroi 1695 Brussels 1696-97 Moselle 1701 Flanders 1702 Flanders, combat at Nijmegen, winter in Brussels 1703 combat at Eckeren 1704 Army of Tallard; Höchstädt-Blenheim 1705 Moselle 1706 Flanders, battle of Ramillies 1708 Flanders; battle ofOudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet, (distinguished) 1712 battle of Denain, capture of Douai, Le Quesnoy & Bouchain Uniform 1692 Florensac grey coat, red cuffs. (A1B) 1698 Talemont grey coat, grey cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots green/black/white. [Corfey] 1705 La Tremouille grey coat, red cuffs, trumpeter coat yellow-aurore. [AN, Contract ET XLVIII/28] 1730 Turenne white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, grey-white cloth buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered isabelle with green line. [Lemau] Details of contract ET XLVIII/28: huit cent soixante de drap de ledun grisblanc a six livres quatorze sols l’aune Plus quatre Vingt trois aunes Vn tiers de drap façon du Sceau demy Escarlatte a neuf livres l’aune,

67

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Plus douze cent quatre aunes de serge daumalle Rouge pour doubler a Vingt sept sols six deniers l’aune, Plus soixante trois aunes de Serge a ...... Laurore jaune a cinq livres cinq sols l’aune Page 2 Plus quatre vingt trois aunes Vn quart du drap de mouie gris de cavalier pour les habits Vniformes de douze livres l’aune, Plus cinqte. cinq aunes et demye de drap fin Escarlatte a Vingt livres l’aune Plus Plus cent seize aunes de raz de St. Lo Escarlatte a six livres l’aune, Le tout bon loyal et marchand le montant desquelles marchandises a la ......raison . . . . . . . . . .. Signé : Le Prince de Tarente Houlier Baras D’aniongné Buyor Ballin Standards 1730 Turenne standards white, bordered black and white, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 6 yellow silk standards, Sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 yellow silk standards, sun and royal motto, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] Livery de Crussol-Uzès Mq de Florensac: wears white and red. [Beneton de Moranges]

Thury, Sainte-Livière, Beintz, Ruffey, Marcillac, Montrevel, Vogué Susane: 355 1665 1668 1671 1674 1679 1671 1691 1693 1696 1705 1714 1734 1761

Tessin: 1665/19 Plate No. 025A M. de Thury, 7 Dec. 1665 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671, 3 companies N. de Saint-Valery + 8 Aug. 1679, except mestre de camp. reestablished 15 Jan. 1684 M de Sainte-Livière M de Beintz, Oct. 1693 Louis-Anne-Marie de Damas, Comte de Ruffey, 8 Jan. 1696 Henry de Crugy, Comte de Marcillac, 27 Feb. 1705 (Dec. 1704) Comte de Montrevel Marquis de Vogué + Î Royal Cav. 1 Dec. 1761

On 15.11.1693 his Majesty gave to Beins the regiment of Sainte-Livière who had died of a musket wound received at La Marsaille. On 24.01.1695 the Marquis de Ruffey got permission to buy the regiment of Bens. Since he had long service and had been passed over for promotion to brigadier twice because the rank was given to older MdCs he chose to retire. [Sourches] Campaigns 1667 army of Monsieur. 1688 Germany 1691 Italy; capture of Montmellian 1693 battle of La Marsaille, (Mestre de camp +), capture of fort de Sainte-Brigide 1694 Catalonia, battle of Le Ter, sieges of Palamos, Girone, Ostalrich 1695 relief of Hostalrich & Castelfollit 1696 combat at Hostalrich, relief of Palamos 1697 siege of Barcelona, combat at San Feliu 1701-06 Italy 1701 Carpi, Chiari 1702 Santa Vittoria, Luzzara; winter at Mantua 1703 Castelnuovo di Bormia 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 Piedmont; Lombardy, battle of Cassano 1706 Calcinato,Turin

68

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1707-10 Roussillon, defeat of the English at Agde in Languedoc 1711 Catalonia, siege of Gerona, then Dauphiné until the peace Uniforms 1692 Saint Valery grey coat, red cuffs 1730 Montrevel white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 coat double-breasted with turnbacks (retrouci), cloak grey-white, lining red, cuffs scarlet, tin buttons flat with design, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with a broad silver lace à la Mousquetaire. [Lemau] Since this is the only regiment where turnbacks are explicitly mentioned it would seem likely that these were special, possibly going down the complete front of the coat. 1738 coat double-breasted with turnbacks (retrouci), cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, plain tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered red with green line. [Lemau] 1740 In 1740 as Vogüe, grey justaucorps, red cuffs, white buttons. [Lemau] Standards 1730 Standards red with a white border, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 4 red silk standards, bordered white, gold sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards bordered white, gold sun in the middle embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 red silk standards bordered white, sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Foix, Vintimille (Royal-Picardie) Susane: 266 1652 1658 1660 1671 1674 1679 1683 1684 1691 1704 1724 1739

Tessin: 1665/20 Plate No. 025B Louis-Charles-Gaston de Nogaret de Foix, Duc de Candale 16 Sept. 1652 N. de Nogaret duc de Foix-Candale Jan. 1658 + except Mtre. de Camp 20 May 1660 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Antoine-Gaston-Jean-Baptiste de Roquelaure, Marquis de Biran 1 July 1674 + except Mtre. de Camp Î Royal-Piémont reestablished under the name of d’Armagnac 20 Oct. 1683 took name of Roquelaure 15 Jan. 1684 Charles-Timoléon de Séricourt, marquis d'Esclainvilliers 10 May 1691 Marquis d'Esclainvilliers (his son) 16 May 1704 Comte de Peyre Jean-Baptiste-Felix-Hubert du Luc, Comte de Vintimille 10 Mar. 1739.

Campaigns 1672 Netherlands 1673 siege of Masetricht 1674 Franche-Comté 1674-75 Alsace; combats at Landenbourg, Sinsheim, Ensheim, Turckheim, Antenheim 1676 action at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 capture of Rheinfelden, Kehl, Lichtenberg, combat at Kintzig 1688 camp on the Saône 1689 Germany 1690 Flanders, Fleurus 1691 capture of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur & Charleroi, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Nerwinden 1694-97 Rhine 1699 camp at Landau 1701 army of Germany 1702 army of Italy, battle of Luzzara, garrison of Mantova

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 17.. siege of Guastalla [Invalides acte 17875] 1707-12 Flanders 1713 Rhine , siege of Landau Uniform 1692 Roquelaure grey coat, red cuffs [A1B] 1702 Esclainvilliers grey coat, red cuffs [A2B] 1711 Esclainvilliers grey coat, red cuffs. Trumpeter: coats and cloaks isabelle, (red cuffs) [AN Contract ET VII/198] 1730 Peyre white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs, lapels red, cuffs slit, pockets horizontal, buttons of grey-white cloth in pairs, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow leather, stitched bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs, lapels red, buttons grey-white cloth, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered ... ? [Lemau] Details of contract ET/VII/198: Estat des marchandises a fournir pour l’habillement du Regiment de Cavalerie desclainvilliers par la Veuve Veron marchande drappiere ................. la quantité de 914 aunes de drap de lodeve pour justaucorps et manteau a raison de 7L 5s l’aune La quantité (note # 1071 ) de serge daumalle grisblanc rouge et bleue pour doubler a raison de 30s laune. La quantité de 135 ....... aunes et demie Drap .........dusseau demie Ecarlatte pour les parements et revers des justaucorps a raison de 11L l’aune La quantité de 60 aunes de drap ................. d’Vssau Isabelle pour cosaques des trompeters et manteau a raison de 7L 10s l’aune. La quantité de aunes de drap incarnat pour les housses des cavalliers a raison de 8L 10s l’aune

Standards 1730 Standards green, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 4 green silk standards, sun in middle, embroidered in gold, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 green silk standards, sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold according to the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 green silk standards, sun and royal motto, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau]

Mancini (Mancini Wallon), Bouillon, Melin, Gamaches, La Ferronays Susane: 236 1652 1652 1652 1660 1665 1668 1671 1675 1679 1684 1684 1688 1696 1720

Tessin: 1665/21 Plate No. 026A N. Mancini 3 Feb. 1652 Frederic-Maurice de la Tour d’Auvergne, duc de Bouillon 22 July 1652 (Lt.-Col.) de Melin 9 Aug. 1652 + except Mtre. de Camp 20 July 1660 reestablished 7 Dec. 1665 + except Mtre. de Camp 24 May 1668 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Charles-Jean-Baptiste- Hyacinthe Rouhault, Comte de Cayeux, later Mq. de Gamaches 3 May 1675 + 8 Aug. 1679 Î Langallerie (n° 402) Gamaches 15 Jan. 1684 + 26 Sept. 1684 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Marquis de La Ferronays (father) Jan. 1696 (commanded by his brother until 1709 due to sickness) Pierre-Jaques-Louis-Auguste Le Ferron Mq. de la Ferronays 10 Aug. 1720

Campaigns 1667 occupation of Hesdin & Bethune 1672 campaign in Holland 1675 sieges of Dinant & Limburg 1676 sieges of Condé & Bouchain

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1688-96 Germany 1696 Italy, siege of Valenza/Po 1697 Flanders 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Italy, combats of Carpi & Chiari 1702 Germany, battle of Friedlingen 1703 siege of Kehl, combat at Münderkingen, 1st Höchstädt 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705-11 Dauphiné & Languedoc 1712-14 Catalonia & Empurdan, blockade of Barcelona 1714 siege of Barcelona Uniform 1692 Cayeux grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 La Feronaye white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red. [Corfey] 1698 The regiment of cavalry of la Feronaye is dressed in grey with green horse furniture. [Mercure Galant] 1730 white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak grey-white, lining red, cuffs scarlet, plain copper buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, stag-leather breeches, hat with a broad silver lace. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining & cuffs red, plain copper buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, silver hatlace, saddlecloth red bordered violet/white. [Lemau] Standards 1703 A. Beek describes the standards attributed by Charrié to La Ferronays as white with a single fleur-de-lys in the corner. The back has a shield with 6 egg-shaped rocks and a motto: JOVIS OBRUIT HOSTES. In the arsenal in Berlin were 2 white standards of which only photos of the fronts exist which also have a simple decoration of one fleur-de-lys in each corner. Since no line regt had white, we assume they were really faded crimson or perhaps isabelle. The standards were lost at Speyerbach. 1730 Standards red, sun and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 4 red silk standards, sun in the middle embroidered in gold and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 white silk standards, sun embroidered in the middle, fringes gold according to the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] [Lemau] 1740 6 red silk standards, sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed gold. [Lemau]

Montauban, Saint-Aignan, Bartillat, Heudicourt Susane: 233 1652 1661 1665 1671 1674 1676 1684 1688 1689 1702 1706 1735

Tessin: 1665/22 Plate No. 026B René de La Tour du Pin, marquis de Montauban 6 Jan. 1652 + except Mtre. de Camp 18 Apr 1661 reestablished with 4 companies 7 Dec. 1665 reestablished with 6 companies 9 Aug. 1671 Marquis de Béringhen Jan. 1674 Sanguin, marquis de Livry + 29 Sept. 1684 reestablished Georges-Henri de Clermont-d'Amboise, Mq. de Clermont-Saint-Aignan 22 Feb. 1689 Bartillat (le jeune) Feb. 1702 M. de Lénoncourt May 1706 M. le Marquis d'Heudicourt

Campaigns 1652 Catalonia 1664 Hungary, St. Gotthard 1667 sieges of Tournai, Douai, Lille 1668 conquest of Franche-Comté 1672 campaign in the Netherlands 1673 siege of Maastricht

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1677-78 Rhine 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1689 combat at Walcourt 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons & combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur & battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden & siege of Charleroi 1695 bombardment of Brussels 1697 siege of Ath 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Italy 1702 Mantova (M.de Camp +), battle of Luzzara 1706 Italy, Turin (M.de Camp +) 1712 Flanders, battle of Denain, sieges of Le Quesnoy & Douai 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1692 (Saint Aignan) grey coat, red cuffs [A1B] 1698 (at Compiègne) white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots green. [Corfey] 1730 white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat and lining grey-white, cloak white lined red, cuffs and lapels red, buttons tin with groups of 3 on both sides, cuffs slashed and pockets horizontal, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered green. [Lemau] 1740 the regiment under the name Heudicourt: justaucorps grey, red cuffs, white buttons. [Lemau] Standards front: white, sun, motto, back: red, arms of the mestre de camp [Charrié] 1730 standards green, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 4 standards of green silk, sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed gold, according to the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 green silk standards, sun and royal motto gold, the back with the arms of Heudicourt: red ground with black bands and silver squares, along with the motto: SI FACTUS ILABITUR ORBIS, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Arms of Bartillat: blue with a gold chevron, the chief gold charged with a red lion. (The kettledrums and drum-banners lost in 1706, are kept in the Armeria reale at Turin)

Brinon, Varennes, Robin, Rennepont Susane: 77 1638 1651 1665 1668 1671 1674 1679 1682 1693 1693 1704 1706 1714

Tessin: 1665/23 Plate No. 027A Formed on 24 Jan. janvier 1638. + to free-company Brinon Cavalerie étrangère reestablished 7 Dec. 1665 + except for mtre. d. cmp reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Joseph-Alexandre de Nagu, marquis de Varennes 19 Feb. 1674 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 7 May 1672 M. du Robin 30 Mar. 1693 Pierre de Pont, comte de Rennepont 18 Oct. 1693 N. de Rennepont (son of above?) 26 Oct. 1704 (+ 1706, seems to have been a brother, see below) Claude Alexandre de Pont, mq. de Rennepont (his brother) 22 Sept. 1706 + 10 July 1714 Î Royal-Cravates

On 18.11.1693 the king agreed to give the regiment of Robin to Rennepont, the Lieutenant Colonel. On 09.09.1706 at the action of Castiglione the comte de Rennepont was killed. On 22.09.1706 the king gave the regiment

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 to the third son of the maréchal de Rennepont, who had left it , having lost his two eldest sons at the head of the regiment since he had left. [Sourches]. Campaigns 1664 only company at St.Gotthard 1672 Holland 1673 garrison of Utrecht 1674 Flanders 1678 battle of Saint-Denis 1688-92 Flanders 1693 Italy, battle of la Marsaille (Marsaglia) 1694 Germany 1696 Italy 1701 Italy, combats of Carpi, Chiari 1702 defense of Mantova, Luzzara, Borgoforte 1703 Santa-Vittoria, San-Benedetto 1704 Ivrea, Verrua 1705 Cassano 1706 Calcinato, (MdC +), Castiglione delle Stiviere 1707 in Dauphiné 1708 Rhine 1713 sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1689 Trumpeters de Varenne: red with gold lace [Mercure Galant Oct. 1689] 1692 grey coat, red cuffs [A1B] Standards Pierre Charrié has tentatively identified a standard in the musée de l'Emperi, Salon-de-Provence as belonging to Rennepont-Cavalerie: ground crimson, embroidery and fringes gold and silver, front: sun, royal motto, fleurs-de-lys at the edges, back: a circular cartouche showing a torrent carrying away a house, banderole with "obvia perrumpit" (he overruns those who resist), in the corners at the edges a monogram made of mirrored letter R’s.

Royal Cravattes Susane: 108 Tessin: 1667/1 Plate No. 027B 1634 Jean comte de Baltazard 13 Aug. 1634 1659 Louis-Victor de Rochechouart, comte de Vivonne; 15 Feb. 1659 1659 + except comp. of mtre. d. cmp. 1667 Royal-Cravattes Mestre de Camp-lieutenants: 1667 Duc (comte) de Vivonne 20 May 1667 1669 Camille d’Hostun comte de Tallard 13 Jan. 1669 1679 comte de Goesbriant Sept. 1679 1685 François de la Rochefoucauld, ct. de Roucy 10 June 1685 1692 Le Veneur, comte de Tillières 10 May 1692 1697 Yves comte d’Alègre 1 Aug. 1697 1705 Jacques de Chabannes, mq. de Curton 2 1 Oct. 1705 1719 de Grandpré, marquis de la Joyeuse Mar. 1719 1725 Marquis de Pont-Saint-Pierre On 18.05.1692 one heard that the comte de Tillières had permission to buy the regiment de Cravates du Roi from the comte de Roucy who was captaine(-lieutenant).[Sourches] Campaigns 1667 Flanders; capture of Douai & Lille 1672-77 Holland & Germany

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1672 capture of Burich, Rees, Arnheim, Skenke, Nijmegen, isle of Bommel 1673 capture of Maestricht, relief of Woerden 1674 Seneffe; army of Turenne, action at Mulhausen 1675 combat at Turckheim; Flanders, sieges of Dinant, Huy & Limburg 1676 capture of Condé, Bouchain, Aire 1677 capture of Valenciennes; Cambrai 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis 1684 army of Roussillon; combat at the Ter 1685-87 camp on the Adour 1688 camp on the Saône 1689 army of Flanders, battle of Walcourt 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze; army of the Moselle 1692 siege of Namur; battle of Steenkerk, bombardment of Charleroi 1693 battle of Neerwinden, sieges of Huy & Charleroi 1695 Flanders 1696-97 siege of Ath 1698 Camp at Compiègne 1701-13 Flanders & Germany 1703 battle of Speyerbach 1705 army of Flanders, army of the Moselle 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 Denain, sieges of Douai, Le Quesnoy 1713 Germany; sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 blue coat, red cuffs [A1B] 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots yellow. [Corfey] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs, [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 6 blue standards, sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak blue, lining & cuffs red, buttons tin, white buttonlace, buff waistcoat with tin buttons, white stitched bandoleer, stitched, leather breeches & hat 3 inch silver lace border, saddlecloth blue bordered ... ? [Lemau] Standards 1730 6 blue standards, sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, sun in the middle and 4 fleurs-de-lys in the corners embroidered and fringed in gold following the royal ordinances. [Lemau] 1740 6 standards of blue silk, sun in the middle and 4 fleur-de-lys in the corners, royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Choiseul-Beaupré, Chartres, Clermont-Prince Susane: 363 Tessin: 1667/2 Plate No. 028A (Chartres-later Conti Dragons) 1667 Jacques-François de Choiseul, marquis de Beaupré, 8 July 1667 1684 Philippe d’Orleans, duc de Chartres, 18 Feb. 1684 1701 Duc de Chartres, Louis d’Orléans 1724 Louis de Bourbon-Condé, comte de Clermont, 5 Jan. 1724 (Clermont-Prince) Mestres de camp lieutenants: 1668 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. 1671 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 1684 (M.d.C. Lt.)N. de Caylus, marquis de Fontanges, 18 Feb. 1684 1690 Nicolas-Antoine de Grouches, marquis de Chepy, June 1690 1702 Claude, Bailli de Borbin 1705 Comte de Messey

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1710 1734

Anne-François de Paloiseau, Marquis de Harville, 25 Mar. 1710 Marquis de Villefort, Oct. 1734

Campaigns 1668 Franche-Comté 1672 Holland, capture of Orsoy, Rheinberg, Duisburg, passage of Rhine , sieges of Nijmegen & Bommel 1673 occupation Electorate of Brandenburg 1674-75 Alsace, Baden, combats at Sinsheim, Enzsheim, Mulhausen, Turkheim, Altenheim, Saverne & Haguenau 1676 combat at Kokersberg; winter in Schlestadt & Belfort 1677 siege of Freiburg; winter in Lorraine 1678 Germany, capture of Kehl & castle of Lichtenberg 1679 camp on the Sarre 1681 camp in Lower Alsace 1683 camp on the Saône 1688 Flanders 1690 battle of Fleurus 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden, siege of Charleroi 1701-02 Flanders 1702 defense of Bonn. [Invalides] 1703 army of the Rhine 1705 army of Italy 1706 Italy 1707 Alps 1708-11 Flanders 1712 Denain, recapture of Douai & Le Quesnoy 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 grey coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red. [Corfey] 1702 grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 white coat, lined red, cuffs red, buttons white, waistcoat, breeches buff, buttons white, hat border silver. Saddlecloth and holster covers yellow with broad red border. Trompeter: moor with chamois turban decorated with white feathers, livery coat of chamois with silver lace edged dark red, cuffs dark red with livery lace. Saddlecloth and holstercovers yellow with broad dark red border. His horse is a grey. [Gudenus] 1738 coat, lining & cloak grey-white, red cuffs, grey-white cloth buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white bandoleer, leather breeches hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1730 red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 6 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle & 4 fleurs-de-lys embroidered in the corners, fringes gold, according to the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 red silk standards, with sun and royal motto in gold, on the back a landscape in which in the distance a small sun is rising and the motto: SPES ALTERA MERTIS, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] (1761? dragoons?) Front red, arms of Orléans crowned, surrounded with 2 gold laurel branches. Ground semé of blue labels, embroidered and fringed in gold and silver. Back: white. In centre the arms of Orléans. Banderole with AD OBSEQUIUM CELERES. Ground semé of fleurs-de-lys. [Charrié] Arms of Choiseul (-Beaupré): blue with a gold cross, in the cantons 18 gold billets, 5 in each upper canton and 4 squared in the lower cantons.

Tilladet, Souvré, Béringhen, Conti, du Rumain Susane: 364 1667

Tessin: 1667/3 Plate No. 028B Jean-Baptiste de Cassagnet marquis de Tilladet, 8 July 1667

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1668 1671 1689 1700 1718 1722 1734 1740

+ 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Marquis de Souvré, April 1689 Jacques-Louis, marquis de Béringhen, 5 Apr. 1700 Louis-Armand de Bourbon prince de Conti, 15 Mar. 1718 Nicolas-Joseph-Balthazar de Langlade, vicomte du Chayla, 7 May 1722 Joseph-André d’Oraison de Caderousse, marquis d'Ancezune Comte du Rumain, 21 Feb. 1740

Campaigns 1672 Holland 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 battle of Seneffe, combat at Mulhausen 1675 capture of Liége, Dinant, Huy, Limburg 1676 capture of Condé, Bouchain, Aire 1677 sieges of Valenciennes, Cambrai, relief of Charleroi 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres; blockade of Mons, battle of Saint-Denis 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 sieges of Philippsburg & Mainz 1689 Germany 1701 Flanders 1702 combat at Nijmegen 1703 combat at Eckeren 1705 Moselle 1706 Flanders, battle of Ramillies 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 Souvré grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Souvré white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red/yellow/green. [Corfey] 1702 Souvré? grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 Du Chailla white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 coat, collar, cloak grey-white, red lining, lapel from top to bottom and cuffs scarlet, grey-white cloth buttons, buttonlace in pairs on both sides, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, double-stitched yellow bandoleer, goatleather breeches, hat with a broad silver border.[Lemau] 1738 coat, collar, cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs & lapels red, grey-white buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered black with a line of aurore. [Lemau] Standards 1722 Du Chayla: aurore, sun and motto, embroidery and fringes gold, back: aurore with an allegory of an eagle in clouds with lightening bolts and the motto NEC TERRENT NEC MORANTUR. [Charrié] 1730 Standards aurore, sun & fleurs-de-lys gold, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 6 aurore-coloured silk standards , sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold 1738 6 aurore-coloured silk standards, sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold, according to the 2 royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 yellow silk standards, sun and royal motto gold, the back has a painted square showing an eagle which is rising into the air despite the wind and the lightening and the motto: NEC TERRENT NEC MORANTUR, embroidery and fringes silver. [Lemau]

Valavoire, Vivans, Heudicourt Susane: 368

Tessin: 1667/4

Plate No. 029A

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1667 1668 1671 1672 1689 1703 1719 1734 1738

François-Auguste, Marquis de Valavoire, end of 1667 as 4 companies + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671, 3 companies Henri de Noaillac, Marquis de Vivans, 15 Mar. 1672 Jean de Noaillac, Marquis de Vivans, (his son) 20 Mar. 1689 Pons-Auguste Sublet, Marquis d’Heudicourt, 6 Jan. 1703 Chevalier de Lorraine, 1 Feb. 1719 M. de Lordat M. le Chevalier de Rosen, 24 Feb. 1738

Campaigns 1672 Netherlands 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 battle of Seneffe 1675 Rhine, combat of Altenheim 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 combat at Seckingen 1679 combat at Minden 1682 camp on the Saône 1683 siege of Courtrai 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 sieges of Philippsburg, Mainz, Mannheim, Frankenthal 1692 Flanders; siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693-95 Germany 1696-97 Italy 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Flanders 1702 Rhine, battle of Friedlingen 1703-04 siege of Kehl; combat at Stolhofen, 1703 1st battle of Höchstädt 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Moselle 1706 Alsace 1707 Germany 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet 1710 covering Metz 1711-12 Dauphiné 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg 1714 camp on the Saône Uniform 1698 Vivans white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace gold, shoulder and sword knots green/black/orange. [Corfey] 1730 Lorraine white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat, little collar, cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs & lapels red, copper buttons in little bosses, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace gold, saddlecloth red bordered black. [Lemau] Standards 1730 Lorraine standards green, sun & 4 crosses of Lorraine gold and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 green silk standards, gold sun in the middle & 4 crosses of Lorraine embroidered in gold in the corners, fringes gold, according to the 2 royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 yellow damask standards, sun and royal motto in gold on one side & on the other a rosebush in bloom and the motto: QUI S'Y FROTTE S'Y PIQUE, in Latin PUNGIT AGGREDENTES, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Bouillon, Auvergne, Gassion, Lumbres, Fiennes, Villiers, Croi Susane: 342 1658 1658 1667 1668 1671 1675 1677 1690 1698 1701 1705 1710 1711 1713

Tessin: 1667/5 Plate No. 029B Godefroi-Maurice de la Tour, duc de Bouillon 25 May 1658. + except mestre de camp. reestablished 8 July 1667. + 26 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 under name of Comte d’Auvergne. Jean, comte de Gassion 14 Sept. 1675 Maximilien de Fiennes, comte de Lumbres 27 Oct. 1677 Maximilien-François, comte de Fiennes 18 Mar. 1690 (his son) + 8 May 1698, except mestre de camp. reestablished 10 Feb. 1701. Duret de Villiers 6 Jan. 1705 [or Nov. 1704] M de Croi. Cesar-Hector de Wassinghac, marquis d’Imecourt-La Loge 17 Oct. 1711 + 10 Nov. 1713 Î La Tremouille

Campaigns 1667 sieges of Tournai & Lille 1672 Netherlands 1673 siege of Mastricht 1674 combats at Sinsheim, Ensheim, Mulhausen 1675 combats at Turkheim & Altenheim 1676 actions at Haguenau & Saverne, combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis 1681 Camp at Flanders 1683 siege of Courtrai 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1686-88 camp in Flanders 1688 Dec. in garrison at Pignerol [Piemont- SHAT A1 1113] 1689 Flanders, combat at Walcourt 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 battle of Steenkerk, sieges of Namur & Charleroi 1693 battle of Neerwinden, sieges of Huy & Charleroi 1695 bombardment of Brussels 1696 Meuse 1702-03 Flanders; combats at Nijmegen, Eckeren, Speyerbach 1703 Dec. into Spain 1706 Catalonia 1710 siege of Gerona 1711 Roussillon 1712 sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 Lumbres grey coat, blue cuffs. [A1B] Standards 1740 Fiennes standards yellow embroidered black. Livery of Bouillon: The Dukes of Bouillon wear the livery of the house of La Marck, since the marriage of Charlotte de la Marck, Duchesse de Bouillon and Princesse de Sedan with Henry de la Tour, vicomte de Turenne, which livery is white, faced black, the coat decorated with brandebourgs, tassles of a plain silk lace in black and white. [Beneton de Moranges]

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Rosen Allemand Susane: 47 1635 1650 1667 1669 1671 1682 1684 1688 1696 1709 1720 1729

Tessin: 1667/45 Plate No. 030A Jean de Rosen (on death of Duke de Saxe-Weimar) Reinhold de Rosen, (his nephew) Conrade, marquis de Rosen (Maréchal de France, 1703) + Conrade de Rosen 23 Aug. 1671 Frederic-Nicolas Comte de Rottembourg 9 Nov. 1682 + 24 Sept. Frederic-Nicolas Comte de Rottembourg 20 Aug. 1688 Charles, comte de Rosen 17 Feb. 1696 (his brother-in-law, son of the Maréchal) Comte Alexandre de Rottembourg 2 Apr. 1709, (his nephew, grandson of the Maréchal) Comte d'Helmstadt (his brother-in-law) Marquis de Rosen (grandson of the Maréchal)

Campaigns 1667-68 Flanders, occupation of Dunkirk, Bergues & Hesdin 1672 Holland; capture of Maseyck, Saint-Trond, Tongres, Burick, Rées, Arnheim, Skenck & Nijmegen 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 battle of Seneffe, capture of Oudenaarde 1675 taking Limburg 1676 taking Condé, Bouchain, Aire, raising siege of Maestricht 1677 taking Valenciennes & Cambrai 1678 Flanders; sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis. 1679 Rhine, combat of Minden, passage of the Weser 1683 taking Courtrai, Dixmunde, bombardment of Oudenaarde 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons; combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur & Charleroi; battle of Steenkerk 1693 siege of Huy & Charleroi; battle of Neerwinden (Landen) 1695 bombardment of Brussels 1697 siege of Ath 1698 Camp at Compiègne 1701 Flanders 1702 combat at Nijmegen 1703 combat at Eckeren 1704 Moselle 1705 Flanders 1706 Flanders, battle of Ramillies 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 Flanders, defense de Tournai, battle of Malplaquet 1710-13 Flanders Uniform 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots yellow/black. [Corfey] 1730 white coat, red cuffs [Lemau] 1735 coat & cloak grey-white, lining red, cuffs and lapels scarlet, the lapels going down the whole front of the coat, buttons of grey cloth on wood, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, bandoleers yellow leather, stitched, breeches goatskin, hat with broad silver border. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining red, cuffs & lapels lapels scarlet, the lapels going down the whole front of the coat, buttons of grey cloth on wood, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, bandoleers yellow leather, breeches leather, hat with a broad silver border, saddlecloth red bordered ... ? [Lemau] Susane: Saddlecloths under Rottembourg were red, under Rosen yellow edged black, under the Prince of Württemberg (1749) it was yellow with a border of green and violet squares. Standards

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1730 1735 1738 1740

yellow standards, sun and fringes gold [Lemau] ] According to Charrié (page 162) the background was green till 1740. (With regard to the arms/livrée of Rosen, it would seem likely that the yellow standards were used by all members of this family.) 6 yellow silk standards, sun and fringes gold. [Lemau] 6 yellow silk standards, sun and fringes gold following the royal ordnances of 1737. [Lemau] 6 yellow silk standards, sun and royal motto in gold and in the 4 corners a trophy of arms and the square embroidered with a silver border, the back with the same embroidery, with the same trophies in the corner, in the middle a rosebush and the words below it: FLORESCO IN ARMIS, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Susane confirms this last description.

Arms of Rosen: d’or, à trois roses de gueles

Dauphin Susane: 398 Tessin: 1668/1 Plate No. 030B Mestres de Camp Lieutenants: 1668 N. de La Baume Le Blanc, Marquis de La Vallière, 24 Mar. 1668 1669 Charles de Lusignan, Marquis de Saint-Gelais, 15 Apr. 1669 1688 Philippe de Valois de Villette, Marquis de Murçay, 4 Sept. 1688 1693 N. de Wassinghac, Marquis d’Imécourt, 24 May 1693 1702 N. de Clérambaut, Marquis de Vandeul, 29 Jan. 1702 1702 Marquis de Murçay, 1 Apr. 1702? 1706 M.d.C.? unclear 1710 César-Emmanuel Colin, Marquis de Lessart 1712 François, Duc d’Harcourt 1716 Bénigne Le Ragois, Marquis de Bretonvilliers 1738 Marquis de Voluire, 15 Apr. 1738 1747 Charles-Louis-René Marquis de Marboeuf, 3 Mar. 1747 This regiment had a Compagnie d'Ordonnance, which for a long time had the strength of a squadron, called Compagnie d'Ordonnance du Dauphin, of which M. de Saint Gelais was the Capitaine Lieutenant & M. de Cornelius, a Swede, was the first Lieutenant Colonel. Campaigns 1672-77 Holland, capture of Orsoy, Rheinberg, Duisburg, passage of Rhine 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 battle of Seneffe 1675 Dinant, Huy & Limburg 1676 sieges of Condé, Bouchain, Aire, relief of Maestricht 1677 capture of Valenciennes & Cambrai 1678 capture of Gent, Ypres & battle of St Denis 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 camp on the Meuse, siege of Philippsburg 1689 Mainz; Rhine 1690 Rhine 1690 Flanders, siege of Mons 1691 Flanders, Moselle 1692 Netherlands, sieges of Mons & Charleroi; Steenkerk 1693-97 Germany 1701-07 Italy 1701 Carpi, Chiari 1702 Cremona, Luzzara 1706 siege of Turin, (Mestre de Camp, Marquis de Murçay +) 1707 army of the Rhine, combat at Heilbronn [Invalides act 19642-19642] 1708 Flanders, Oudenaarde 1709 Malplaquet

80

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1712

Rhine

Uniform 1692 blue coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1709 buttons (for the officers) gilded copper. [AN, Contract ET VII/ ] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak blue, lining and cuffs red; plain copper buttons in groups of 3 on each side, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches , hatlace gold, saddlecloth blue with a border of aurore.[Lemau] Standards 1668-1762: front blue, sun, motto, one gold fleur-de-lys and 1 silver dolphin in each corner; back: blue with the arms of the Dauphin; embroidery and fringes gold and silver. [Charrié] 1730 6 blue standards, sun & 4 dolphins in gold, fringed gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, gold sun in the middle, 4 fleurs-de-lys & 4 dolphins embroidered in gold and silver in the corners, fringed gold following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, sun and royal motto gold, 4 fleurs-de-lys & 4 dolphins embroidered in gold and silver in the corners, fringed gold.

Bartillat, Marcilly, Narbonne, Du Tronc, Villars, Rohan Susane: 395 Tessin: 1668/2 Plate No. 031A (According to Lemau de la Jaisse, created Montelarre, 1st mestre de camp, in 1666) 1668 Nicolas-Jeannot de Bartillat, 10 Jan. 1668 of 4 companies regiment de Montclar no. 266 1668 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. 1671 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 1689 N. de Bartillat. (his son), Oct. 1689 1690 Louis de Martinville de Marcilly 1690 de Jacques, Marquis de Narbonne, 5 Sept. 1690 1701 Nicolas-Alexandre Le Cordier, marquis du Tronc, 15 Aug. 1701 1718 Honoré, Comte de Villars, 8 Mar. 1718 1735 M. le Vicomte de Rohan Campaigns 1672 Flanders, sieges of the King, with Turenne in the Electorates of Cologne & Brandenburg 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 battle of Seneffe 1675 capture of Dinant & Limburg 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 sieges of Valenciennes & Cambrai; Germany, siege of Freiburg 1678 combats at Rheinfelden, Seckingen, Kinzig, capture of Kehl & Lichtenberg 1681 camp on the Sarre 1682 camp on the Meuse 1683 camp on the Saône 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1685 camp on the Saône 1688 occupation of Electorate of Cologne 1689 Camp at Florainville 1690 Fleurus (Mestre de camp +) 1691-92 coast of Normandie 1693 Germany 1694 Catalonia; battle of Le Ter 1697 siege of Barcelona 1700 Italy 1701 combats at Carpi et Chiari 1702 battle of Luzzara

81

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1703 combat at Castelnuovo 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 Italy; battle of Cassano 1706 battle of Castiglione 1707-09 Languedoc, Germany 1711-12 Dauphiné 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg 1714 camp on the Saône Uniform 1692 Narbonne grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1702 Narbonne grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 Villars white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered red/white checkers. [Lemau] Standards 1702 Du Tronc: white, sun and motto, embroidery and fringes gold, revers red, probably with arms of Durfort. [Charrié] 1730 Standards feuilles-mortes, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 6 white silk standards, sun in the middle embroidered and fringed in gold, according to the 2 royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 white silk standards, sun and royal motto on one side and the other of red silk embroidered with a motto and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Grignan, Flesché, Luynes, Chevreuse, Ancenis, Brancas Susane: 401 1671 1689 1704 1717 1732 1737 1739 1761

Tessin: 1671/1 Plate No. 031B Joseph d’Adhémar de Monteils de Castellane, Chevalier de Grignan Aug. 1671 Louis-Provence d’Adhémar de Monteils de Castellane, marquis de Grignan, Nov. 1689 Marquis de Flesché [Flèche], 13 Oct. 1704 Charles-Philippe d’Albert, duc de Luynes Marie-Charles-Louis d’Albert, duc de Chevreuse, 6 June 1732 N. de Bethune-Charost, duc d'Ancenis Louis-Paul, marquis de Brancas, Oct. 1739 Î Royal Lorraine

Campaigns 1672 Holland 1673 Germany 1674 combats at Sinsheim, Enzsheim & Mulhausen 1675 Turckheim; combat at Altenheim; relief of Hagenau & Saverne; winter in Brittany 1676 army of Flanders, capture of Condé, Bouchain & Aire 1677 siege of Valenciennes, battle of Cassel, capture of Saint-Omer 1678 siege of Gent & battle of Saint-Denis 1684 Luxemburg 1685-88 camp on the Saône 1688 siege of Philippsburg 1689-95 frontier of Germany 1696 Italy 1697 frontier of Germany 1702 army of Flanders, combat at Nijmegen 1703 combat at Eckeren, 1st battle of Höchstädt 1706 Spain 1711-13 Spain 1713 Catalonia

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Uniform 1672 Standards at formation: crimson silk standards showing a flying rocket with the words below it: Che peri, pur che m’innalza (“that I may perish, as long as I can rise”) [Susane-Mme de Sévigné] 1692 grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Grignan white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots violet/red. [Corfey] 1730 Luynes white coat, red cuffs. . [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, grey-white cloth buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches & hat with a broad gold border, saddlecloth red bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1730 red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 6 crimson silk standards, gold sun in the middle embroidered and fringed in gold, according to the 2 royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 crimson silk standards, sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. It is the only regiment of cavalry with crimson silk standards which has white pouches. [Lemau]

Saint-Aignan, Rohan, Quintin, St. Chamans, Vaudray, Sabran Susane: 405 1671 1687 1689 1690 1702 1705 1706 1706 1717 1738

Tessin: 1671/2 Plate No. 032A N. de Beauvilliers, duc de Saint-Aignan, 9 Aug. 1671, 3 companies Prince de Rohan François de Rohan, prince de Soubise (his father) Hercule Mériadec, prince de Rohan-Soubise, 18 Oct. 1690 (his son) Guy-Michel de Durfort, comte de Quintin, 10 Feb. 1702 Antoine Galiot de Saint-Chamans, 10 Jan. 1705 Claude-Antoine-Eugène, comte de Vaudray, 6 June 1706 Beauvilliers, duc de Saint Aignan, 19 Dec. 1706 Jacques-Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint Simon-Ruffec, 16 Sept. 1717 M. le Comte de Sabran, 24 Feb. 1738

Campaigns 1684 Luxemburg 1688 siege of Philippsburg 1689 Flanders; battle of Walcourt (M.d.C. +) 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden; siege of Charleroi 1697 siege of Ath 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Flanders 1705 Rhine 1707 Flanders 1708 Flanders; battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain, capture of Douai, Le Quesnoy & Bouchain 1713 Rhine , sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1698 Rohan grey coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace gold, shoulder and sword knots yellow/red. [Corfey] 1702 Rohan grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 St. Simon-Ruffec white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak grey-white, red lining, cuffs scarlet, plain tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau]

83

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1738

coat & cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, tin buttons plats, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered green/isabelle checkered. [Lemau]

Standards 1730 St. Simon standards aurore, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 6 standards of yellowish silk, sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 standards of yellowish silk, sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 crimson silk standards, sun and royal motto, on back a silver lion and motto: NOLI IRRITARE LEONEM, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Livery of Rohan-Soubise: white ground with broad purple lace bands accompanied on each side with 2 wavy black laces bordered yellow interlaced to form rows of lozenges rounded in the corners.[Beneton de Moranges]

Royal Piémont (Prince de Piémont) Susane: 408 Tessin: 1671/9 Plate No. 032B 1671 Madame Royale de Savoye made a present of it to Louis XIV 1671 Royal-Piémont Mestres de camp-lieutenants: 1671 M. Prosper de Lucinge 1677 Baron de Saint-Joire 1678 M. Joseph-Philippe de Saint-Martin d’Aglié marquis de Rivarolles, 20 Mar. 1678 1690 Royal-Piémont 6 May 1690, 1690 Joachim-Louis de Montagut, comte de Bouzols, later Vicomte de Bonne, 10 May 1690 1705 M. de Manicamp, 25 Oct. 1705 1724 M. de Germinon, 1725 M. le Comte de la Feuillade, 3 Juin 1725 1735 M. le Comte de Cossé, 10 June 1735 This regiment came into French service in 167133 when Madame Royale de Savoye presented it to Louis XIV. The Turin archives record the capitulation: The said regiment is to be composed of 10 companies of 50 troopers each, except the colonel’s which is to be of 60, not including officers, who like the soldiers, are all to be subjects of His Royal Highness. That the colonel’s company is to be composed of Colonel, Lieutenant, and Cornet; That the 2nd company is to be composed of Lieutenant Colonel, Lieutenant, Cornet and a Marechal des Logis. That the other 8 companies are to be similarily composed of the same number and quality of officers and that the first captain is to be Major. That the colonel’s company is to have 2 trumpeters, a kettledrummer and 57 troopers and each of the other 9 a trumpeter and 49 troopers. That the equipment is to consist of good pistols with their holsters of boiled leather, mousquetoons with their bandoleers, swords, baudricks, good buff jackets, good boots, good cloaks, hats, decent coats and cloth justaucorps. [signed by the] Officers of the regiment of Monseigneur le Prince de Piemont.

33

Septembre 1671 (ASTorino) Capitulation Col. Conte Rovero to raise a regiment of cavalry (for service of the King of France) ... Que le dit

regiment sera composè de dix compagnies de 50 Maistres, chacune exceptée la Colonnelle qui sera de 60, les officiers non compris, lesquels avec les soldats seront tous sujets de S.A.R. Que la compagnie Colonnelle sera composée d'un Colonel, du Lieutenant, d'un Cornette; Que la seconde Compagnie sera composée du Lieutenant Colonel, d'un Lieutenant, d'un Cornette et d'un Marechal des Logis. Que les autres huit Compagnies seront pareillement composées de mesme nombre et qualité d'officiers et que le premier Capitaine sera Major. Que la Compagnie Colonelle aura deux Trompettes, un Timbalier et 57 Maistres et chaque des neuf autres un Trompette et 49 Maistres. Que l'equippement consistera en des bons pistollets avec leurs fourreaux de cuir bouilly, des mousquettons avec des bandouillieres, espeès, des baudriers, des bons Boufles, des bonnes bottes, des bons manteaux, chapeaux, habits honnestes et des justeaucorps de drap. Officiers du Regiment de Monsegneur le Prince de Piemont.

84

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Campaigns 1672 Holland 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 Seneffe 1675-79 frontier of the Netherlands 1684 Luxemburg 1690 Fleurus 1691 combat at Leuze 1692 battle of Steenkerk; sieges of Namur & Charleroi 1693 Germany 1694-95 Flanders 1696 Italy (Piemont), siege of Valenza Po 1697 coast of Flanders, siege of Ath 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Flanders 1702 combat at Nijmegen, army of Germany, combat at Friedlingen 1703 capture of Kehl, Breisach, Landau, Speyerbach, 1st battle of Höchstädt, siege of Augsburg 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 siege of Huy 1708 battle of Oudenaarde, Alsace 1709-13 Flanders 1713 Rhine Uniform 1692 blue coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots white. [Corfey] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs.[Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak blue, lining, cuffs and lapels red down to the pockets, tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver; saddlecloths blue bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1671 Standard 18 Sept. 1671 [AS Turin – archives] 34 1) Embroidery of gold and silver of trophies in high relief embroidery made on two parts in mohair cloth of silver on blue for the cornet of the colonel’s company, in middle of one side the arms of the Ser.mo Principe & on the other an emblem all embroidered in gold and silver ... decorated with fringes and loops of gold and silver. Further embroidery of gold and silver also made upon 9 other cornets of blue mohair cloth for the other companies of the said regiment of two parts the one of which also has the arms of the Most Serene Prince and the other diverse emblems and figures. similarily decorated with fringes and loops with cordons as above. 34

1671 Etandart 18 Sept. 1671 (AS Torino) Lista del speso per l'infratti ricami fatti fare espress.te d'ordine di S.A.R. per il Reggimento à cavallo

del Ser.mo Principe di Piemonte in occasione che deve andare in Francia. 1) Per il ricamo d'oro arg.to à troffei d'alto rillevo riccamato fatto da due parti sovra la moera d'argento à bleu per la Cornetta da servire alla Compagnia Colonnella essendovi in mezzo d'una d'esse parti le Armi di d.o Ser.mo Principe et dall'altra un emblema tutto amarillato d'oro et d'arge.to ... guarnita di frangie e fiocchi d'oro arg.to. Più il ricamo oro, arg.to parimente fatto sovra 9 altre cornette di Moera bleù per le altre Compagnie di d.o Reggimento da due parti à una delle quali vi sono anche le Armi di d.o Ser.mo Prencipe et dall'altra diversi emblemi e figure ... guarnite parimente di frangie et fiochi con suoi cordoni come sovra. Più per due stendardi per le due Timballe ricamati oro, arg.to parte a troffei e parte senza sovra il damasco bleù con le giffre alle quatro parti del d.o Ser.mo Principe et le sue Armi in mezzo larghe un ras e mezo per cad.o oltre le frangie oro, arg.to ... Per 11 stendardi da Trompeta doppi ricamati da due parti oro, arg.to parte sovra la moera et parte sovra il damasco bleù con le giffre alle quatro parti del Ser.mo Principe et le sue Armi grandi in mezo ... oltre le frangie, cordoni, fiochi di oro arg.to. Più per 12 armi del Ser.mo Principe ricamate cioè tre oro arg.to et nove tutte di seta da mettere sovra le osse da cropa delli Trompeta et Timballiere. Per n. 24 giffre del Ser.mo Principe per le sud.te osse cioè 6 oro arg.to per li Trompeta e Timballe della Compagnia Colonnella et n. 18 per altri 9 Trompeta tutte di seta con la corona. Più per il costo di 10 aste o siano lanze per le d.e Cornette con suoi ferri, anelli e ponte dorate colorite di bleù et una rabescata d'oro in tutto. Per n. 10 staffe ò siano fonde di corame negro bollito con n. 10 portacorreggie per sostener le lanze.

85

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

1730 1738 1740

Further two standards for the two kettledrums embroidered gold /silver partly with trophies and partly without on blue damask with the cypher in four parts of the Most Serene Prince and his arms in the middle free 1½ ras [1 raso = 60 cm as well as fringes in gold and silver For 11 standards of Trumpets double embroideries of two parts gold and silver upon the mohair cloth and partly over the blue damask with the cypher of the Most Serene Prince in 4 corners and his arms large in the middle. further the fringes, cordons, loops of gold and silver Further for 12 arms of the Most Serene Prince embroidered that is 3 gold/silver and 9 all of silk to put over the back of the trumpets and kettledrums. For 24 cyphers of the Most Serene Prince for the above mentioned that is 6 gold/silver for the trumpets and kettledrums of the Compagnia Colonnella and 18 for the other 9 trumpets, all of silk with the crown. Further for the cost of 10 poles or in other words lances for the said cornets with their iron points, rings and gilded slides coloured blue and gold, arabesque-work on all. For 10 bandoleers or bags of black boiled leather [to cover the standards] with 10 boots [attached to the stirrups] to hold the lance. 6 blue standards, sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 6 blue silk standards, sun in the middle & 4 fleurs-de-lys in corners, embroidered and fringed in gold according to the royal ordinances. [Lemau] 6 blue silk standards, sun and royal motto gold in middle & 4 fleurs-de-lys in corners, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Königsmark, Royal Allemand Susane: 410 1671 1688 1688 1693 1713 1737

Tessin: 1671/10 Plate No. 033A Guillaume-Othon Comte de Königsmark, 10 Aug. 1671 entitled Royal-Allemand N. de Bolhen, 15 Nov. 1688 Louis-Craton, Comte de Nassau-Saarbrücken, 29 Aug. 1693 Guillame-Henri De Quadt de Landskroon, 21 Feb. 1713 Guillame-Henri, Prince de Nassau-Saarbrücken, 19 July 1737

This regiment was recruited amongst German-speaking French subjects and inhabitants of the Palatine. It was composed of two squadrons, one in Polish and one in French costume. On 28.08.1693 the king reassigned the regiments vacant after the battle of Neerwinden and gave Royal Allemand to the Comte de Nassau. [Sourches] Campaigns 1672 campaign of Holland 1673 against the army of the Elector of Brandenburg. 1674 battle of Seneffe 1688-98 Flanders. 1693 Neerwinden (Col de Bolhen +) 1698 garrison in Valenciennes 1701-13 Flanders, Rhine, Germany. 1702 Nijmegen 1703 combat at Eckeren 1707 breaking the lines of Stolhofen 1709 combat at Rümersheim 1710-11 Sarre, Rhine 1713 Landau, Freiburg Uniform 1680 Sept. Several companies dressed and armed as Croats.35 [Mercure Galant] 1692 Königsmark blue coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Royal Allemand blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots white; overcoat blue, waistcoat red, cap red, decorated with black fur. [Corfey]36 35

Le régiment de Konismark attiroit la curiosité par plusieurs compagnies vetus et armés en Croates.

86

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1698 1702 1730 1733 1735

1738

One of the squadrons still dressed in Polish style with fur lined caps.37 [Mercure Galant] Royal Allemand blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] Ordonnance du Roy 28th May 1733: unlike others, its clothing and equipment was not to change. (Therefore we assume the same lace and details for the earlier period.) Robe & cloak blue, lined red, little cuffs as patches turned back with a button, decorated with brandebourgs and buttons of red, white and blue silk, waistcoat dull red, lined red and brandebourgs of white silk, tin buttons, goatskin breeches, Polish cap with bearskin around it and beneath scarlet with a round button of the same material, buff bandoleer; uniforme à la Polaque. [Lemau Uniform à la Polaque. Robe & cloak blue, lined red, little red cuffs turned back in patches with a button, decorated with a brandebourg & red, whitish and blue buttons, cloth waistcoat of dull red & brandebourg of white silk with tin buttons, leather breeches, Polish cap with black bearskin around it, beneath that red, white stitched bandoleer, horse-furniture blue bordered white. [Lemau]

Standards 1730 6 blue standards, sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 6 blue silk standards, sun, fleurs-de-lys, royal motto: NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, sun, royal motto: NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR, embroidery and fringes of gold according to the royal ordinances of 8 Jan. and 28 Feb. 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, sun and royal motto: NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR, embroidery and fringes gold on both sides, gold according to the royal ordinances of 8 Jan. and 28 Feb. 1737. [Lemau]

d’Illes, Lançon, Bezons, Balvière, Auneuil, Saint-Pouange Susane: 136 1647 1661 1668 1668 1672 1673 1675 1679 1684 1688 1689 1690 1696 1716 1721 1721

Tessin: 1672/1 Plate No. 033B Joseph d’Ardenne d’Arragon, comte d'Illes + 18 Apr. 1661 except mtre. d. cmp. company Joseph d’Ardenne d’Arragon, comte d'Illes 1 Apr. 1668 + 4 May 1668 Joseph d’Ardenne d’Arragon, comte d'Illes 3 Mar. 1672 Jacques de Pouilly de Lançon 10 Dec. 1673 Jacques Basin de Bezons en 1 Feb. 1675 + except one company 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished for 9 months from 15 Jan. 1684 reestablished Jacques Basin de Bezons 20 Aug. 1688 Antoine Cornu, marquis de Balivière en 30 Mar. 1689 comte d’Auneuil François-Gilbert Colbert, marquis de Saint-Pouange 26 Dec. 1696 Marquis de Chambonas Jan. 1716 de Bongars Louis-Marie-Augustin, Duc d'Aumont

This regiment became Royal-Navarre in 1761. On 31.03.1693 the king agreed to give the regiment of Bezons to the Comte de la Tournelle, lt. col. of the regiment du Maine, and that of the regiment de Servon to Chevalier de Balivières. [Sourches] (Susane gives the reverse order – cf. 1665/17) On 18.11.1693 His Majesty gave the regiment de Balivière to the Chevalier d’Auneuil who was at the head of the Mestre de Camp Général with a commission of MdC. On 28.12.1696 one heard that the Marquis de SaintPouanges, captain of cavalry, had permission to buy the regiment d’Auneuil. [Sourches] Campaigns 36

Royal Allemans, Rock blaw, Aufschl. roht, neu d’épee & cordon weiß, Huhtband schwarz, Huhtgalon silber, item blawer Uberrock, rohtes Camisol, rohte Mutzen, schwarzes Rauchwerck. 37 Le Royal Allemand, autrefois Konismark, a conservé un de ses Escadrons vêtu à la Polacre avec des bonnets fourrez

87

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1672-73 Flanders 1674 battle of Seneffe; Alsace, combats at Ensheim & Mulhausen 1675 Low countries, capture of Huy & Limburg 1676-79 Flanders 1676 capture of Condé, Bouchain, Aire 1677 sieges of Valenciennes 1678 battle of Saint Denis 1688 Rhine, siege of Philippsburg 1689 Flanders, combat at Walcourt 1690 Moselle, battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze, Moselle 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden & at Charleroi 1694-96 surveillance of the coast of Flanders 1697 Moselle 1698 Camp at Compiègne 1701 Germany 1702 battle of Friedlingen 1703 capture of Breisach & Landau, battle of Speyerbach 1704 battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Moselle & lower Alsace, actions at Drusenheim, Lauterburg, isle of Marquisat 1706 Franconia & Swabia 1707-08 Rhine 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet 1710-11 Franche-Comté 1712 Rhine 1713 capture of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1698 white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red. [Corfey] 1730 white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 coat & cloak grey-white, lining, open cuffs and lapels scarlet going from top to bottom of coat, buttons of grey-white cloth, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with broad silver border. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining, open cuffs and lapels red, buttons of grey-white cloth, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hat with broad silver border. Saddlecloth red bordered ... ? [Lemau] Standards 1704 red with gold fringes, bordered with a silver chain motif within silver laces, front: sun with motto, back: a blue snake below a golden sun and above the motto ARDUS AD SOLEM. 1716 Chambonas: front: red, sun and motto, embroidery and fringes gold, back: arms of mestre de camp (blue with silver chief). [Charrié] 1730 Standards red, sun and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 4 red silk standards, sun in the middle and embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards, sun in the middle and embroidery and fringes gold according to the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 red silk standards, sun and royal motto, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau]

L’Houmeau, Villequier, Montmain, Belaccueil, Latour, Chabrillant Susane: 415 1672 1690 1702 1706 1711

Tessin: 1672/2 Plate No. 034A Louis du Gas de l’Houmeau, 3 Mar. 1672 Louis d’Aumont, marquis de Villequier, 17 Mar. 1690 Henri-François de Ténarre, marquis de Montmain, 15 Feb. 1702 M. de Bacqueville de Belaccueil, 25 June 1706 Louis-René Sandrier de Latour (La Tour), 28 Feb. 1711

88

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1738 1761

M. le Marquis de Chabrillant, 24 Feb. 1738 + 1 Dec. 1761 Î Royal-Cravates.

Campaigns 1673 Franche-Comté 1674 battle of Seneffe, combat at Mulhausen 1675 with Turenne & Lorges 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 combat at Seckingen 1679 combat at Minden 1681 camp in Flanders 1682 camp on the Sarre 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 camp on the Ardour 1689 Languedoc 1690 Flanders, Germany 1691 Germany 1692 siege of Namur & Charleroi, battle of Steenkerk 1693 siege of Huy et de Charleroi, battle of Neerwinden 1694-97 Flanders 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Rhine 1702 battle of Friedlingen 1703 siege of Kehl, combat at Munderkingen, battle of Höchstädt, capture of Augsburg 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705-10 Alsace 1709 Offenburg, Malplaquet [Invalides acte 21134] 1711 Flanders, combat at Arleux 1712 battle of Denain, capture of Douai & Le Quesnoy 1713 capture of Landau & Freiburg. Uniform 1692 Du Gas grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1692 Villequier grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Villequiers white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red. [Corfey] 1702 Villequier grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 La Tour white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] standards red, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white lining red, cuffs & lapels red, buttons of grey-white cloth lightly rounded, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches hatlace silver, horse furniture red bordered (with a white lace with black chain [Susane] ). [Lemau] Standards 1702-06 Montmain Î Bellacceuil. Front: red, sun, motto, embroidery, fringes gold. Back: red, arms of Montmain (blue with 3 gold chevrons). [Charrié] 1730 La Tour standards red, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 6 red silk standards, sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737 [Lemau] 1740 6 red silk standards, sun and royal motto embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Arms of Aumont (Villequier): silver with a red chevron accompanied by 7 silver merlets (birds without beaks and claws), 4 above and 3 below.

Crillon, La Baume, Forsat Susane: 425 1672

Tessin: 1672/3 Plate No. 034B Joseph-Dominique-Nicolas des Balbi des Bertons, marquis de Crillon, 1 Oct. 1672

89

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1679 1683 1689 1698 1701 1702 1714

+ 8 Aug. 1679, except mestre de camp reestablished 20 Oct. 1683 Jean de La Baume, commandeur de Forsat, Sept. 1689 + 13 Feb. 1698 except mestre de camp & Lt. Col. de La Peyrouse reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 N. de Forsat, 23 Dec. 1702 (nephew) + 15 Aug. 1714 Î Heudicourt n° 368.

Campaigns 1672 Franche-Comté; combats at Sinsheim, Enzheim 1674 combat at Mulhausen 1675 combats at Turkheim, Altenheim, Haguenau, Saverne 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 Roussillon 1683-84 Catalonia; siege of Gerona, battle of Le Ter 1688 camp on the Adour 1689 Guyenne 1690 Germany 1692 coast of Normandie 1693 Germany 1701 Germany 1702-14 Germany, Flanders Uniform 5 Dec. 1683 Crillon scarlet cuffs for officers, red cuffs for troopers; brass buttons, red cloth for pistol holsters and saddlecloth. [Inventaire des archives des ducs de Crillon, Jean Cordey ed. Paris Champion 1908 p. 89]38 1692 Crillon grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] Arms of Crillon (House of Berton): gold with 5 blue bands.

Streef, Romainville, Wiltz, Anlezy, Marteville, Roye Susane: 418 1672 1677 1679 1688 1696 1702 1704 1719 1725 1734

Tessin: 1672/6 Plate No. 035A Jean de Streef, 13 Mar. 1672, 3 companies Charles-François Le Camus de Romainville, 23 Feb. 1677 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 M de Wiltz (father, then the son) M. d’Anlezy (de Damas), 1 Jan. 1702 Jacques de Lespinay, marquis de Marteville, 29 juin 1704 Comte de Roye, 1 Feb. 1719 Gaspard-Madelon-Hubert de Vintimille, marquis du Luc, 2 May 1725 Louis-Philogène Bruslart de Sillery, marquis de Puyslieux

Campaigns 1673 Holland & Rhine 1677 siege of Freiburg 38 50

Pass by the King to allow free passage of clothing for the Regiment of Crillon for the officers and men. ells of scarlet Mousnier cloth (probably for officer's cuffs)

2030

ells of Lod

400

ells of red cloth for housings

2600

ells of serge for lining (probably red for troopers coat)

480

hats from Caudebec Brass buttons

90

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1678 combat at Seckingen, siege of Kehl 1679 combat at Minden 1688-89 conquest of the Palatinate 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691 Moselle 1692 sieges of Rheinfelden & Saint-Ghenner 1693-97 Rhine 1701 Rhine, went to Italy 1702 Italy 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea & Verrua 1705 battle of Cassano 1706 battle of Turin 1707 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1713 sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1692 Romainville grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1730 Du Luc white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, plain tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches , hatlace gold, saddlecloth red bordered white with a red chain and black spots as well as two red laces with four points. [Lemau] 1740 Puysieux, justaucorps grey, red cuffs, white buttons. [Lemau] Standards 1730 Du Luc red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards bordered black, sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 red silk standards bordered black, sun and royal motto, embroidery and fringes gold, revers a lion and the motto with the words: ANIMO MAJOR QUAM VIRIBUS. [Lemau]

Roussillon, Illes, Saint Louis, Villacerf, Berry Susane: 409 Tessin: 1673/1 Plate No. 035B 1671 Comte de Roussillon, 9 Aug. 1671 1673 Joseph d’Ardenne d’Arragon, Comte d'Illes, 10 Dec. 1673 1675 Louis de Saint Louis, 1 Feb. 1675 1685 N. Colbert, marquis de Villacerf 1690 named Berry Mestres de camp-lieutenants: 1690 N. Colbert, marquis de Villacerf 1693 François, Marquis de Yolet, 25 Feb. 1693 1702 Louis-François de Rouvroy-Saint-Simon, Marquis de Sandricourt, 14 May 1702 1718 Victor-Pierre-François Riquet, Marquis de Caraman, 15 Mars 1718 1738 Prince de Croy d'Havré, 24 Feb. 1738 On 20.12.1689 the king chose the regiment of young Villacerf in order to make it into the regiment of the Duc de Berry. On 08.01.1693 we heard that the trenches had been opened at Furnes but young Villacerf, MdC of the regiment de Berry was killed by a cannon shot fired from an advanced work at Neiuport. The sadness of his father was inconceivable and the king gave him the regiment de Berry for his son the chevalier who was a naval captain, for the case that he should desire it but since the chevalier declared he would prefer to remain a naval captain the king permitted his father to sell the regiment. On 24.02.1693 the king agreed to give the regiment de Berry to the Comte d’Yolet, a gentleman of Auvergne who had been captain of carabiniers in the regiment of Molac and who gave Villacerf 25 000 écus. [Sourches]

91

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Campaigns 1684 Luxemburg 1688 capture of Philippsburg, Mannheim, Frankenthal, Mainz 1689 Rhine 1689-97 Netherlands; sieges of Namur, Charleroi, Ath; battles of Steenkerk, Neerwinden 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Flanders 1702 combat at Nijmegen, winterquarters in Bonn 1703 combat of Eckeren 1704 Spain/Portugal, capture of Salvatierra, Segura, Ponha-Grazia, Ucepedo, Cebreros, Idanhanova, Mousanto, Castelbranco 1705 siege of Gibraltar, passage of the Guadiana, relief of Badajoz 1706 relief of Badajoz; capture of Cartagena; siege of Barcelona 1707 Almanza; submission of the kingdoms of Valence and Aragon; capture of Lerida 1708 siege of Tortosa 1710 Roussillon & Languedoc; siege of Gerona 1711-13 Spain, 1713 Catalonia Uniform Pre 1692 Villacerf grey coat, red cuffs 1692 blue coat, red cuffs; brandebourgs aurore. [A1B] 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red. [Corfey] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs, [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak royal blue, lining, cuffs & lapels red, tin buttons in bosses, buff waistcoat, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver; saddlecloths blue bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1730 6 blue standards bordered red, sun, fleurs-de-lys, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1730 Front: blue, sun, motto, in each corner arms of Berry, embroidery and fringes gold. Back blue, in the middle the arms of Berry; in each corner a gold fleur-de-lys. [Charrié] 1738 6 blue silk standards, gold sun in the middle, arms of Berry and fleurs-de-lys in corners, franged gold, according to the 2 royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 blue silk standards, sun and royal motto gold, arms of Berry and fleurs-de-lys in corners, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Livery of Berry: Charles de France, Duc de Berry, uncle of Louis XV, had a livery of red lined blue, cuffed black, laced with a yellow and black lace, which had in the middle a double white cord, intertwined to render a lace of the same design as the royal livery. [Beneton de Moranges]

Vaubrun, Montbas, Vienne, Germinon, Lorges Susane: 433 1673 1675 1693 1705 1720 (1728 (1733 1740

Tessin: 1673/2 Plate No. 036A N. de Nogent, Marquis de Vaubrun, 10 Dec. 1673 M. de Montbas M. de Vienne (see below) Charles-Théodore Desforges de Germinon, 14 Sept. 1705 Michel de Durfort, comte de Lorges, Jan. 1720 Duc de Durfort) duc de Quintin et de Randan) M. Fouquet de Bouchefolière, Mar. 1740

On 15.11.1693 the king gave the regiment de Montbas to his brother. On 08.02.1694 the young Montbas died and his regiment was given to de Vienne. [Sourches] Campaigns

92

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1674 army of Turenne; combats at Sinsheim, Ensheim et Mulhausen 1675 combat at Altenheim, (Vaubrun +) 1676-78 Rhine 1688 Rhine 1690-96 Italy 1693 La Marsaglia, (Montbas +) 1696-97 Rhine 1701 Rhine 1702 Italy 1706 battle of Turin, Spain 1707 battle of Almanza, capture of Lerida 1708 capture of Tortosa 1710 Languedoc; defeat of English debarked at Cette 1711 Catalonia, siege of Gerona 1712 Alps 1713-14 blocade of Barcelona Uniform 1730-35 coat, little collar, lining grey-white, cuffs and front turnbacks scarlet, grey-white cloth buttons with buttonlace in pairs down to the pockets at each side, slit cuffs, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, cloak grey-white, lined red at front and back, goatskin breeches, hat with a broad silver lace, [Lemau] Aiguillette of red and violet cords. Saddlecloth and holstercovers crimson red with violet border. [Gudenus] 1738 coat, little collar and lining grey-white, red cuffs, tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered with red and white checkers. [Lemau] Standards 1740 4 red silk standards, Sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] 1730-35 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau]

Broglie, Levis, Novion, La Vaupaliere, Charlus, Royal-Normandie Susane: 445 1674 1676 1689 1704 1707 1713 1717 1723 1727 1761

Tessin: 1674/1 Plate No. 036B Victor Maurice, Comte de Broglie, 1 Mar. 1674 N. de Levis, Comte de Charlus, Mar. 1676 Charles-Eugene, Marquis de Levy (Levis), 30 Dec. 1689 N. de Bernières de la Vaupaliere, 28 Mar. 1704 du Bessay (Bessey) de Novion, Lieutenant-Colonel, Aug. 1713 N. de Levis, Comte de Charlus Marquis de Levis M. le Comte François-Charles de Levis-Chasteaumorand Royal-Normandie

On 22.09.1706 the king gave the regiment of La Vaupalière, whose MdC had died of sickness, to du Bezait, lt. col. [Sourches] Campaigns 1674 battle of Seneffe, Rhine, combat at Mulhausen 1675 Flanders, capture of Limburg 1688 capture of Philippsburg, Mannheim, Frankenthal 1689 relief of Mainz 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons

93

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk, bombardment of Charleroi 1693 siege of Huy & Charleroi, battle of Neerwinden 1694-95 Flanders 1696-97 Rhine 1698 camp at Codun near Compiègne 1701 Germany 1703 siege of Kehl, attack on lines of Stollhofen, battle of Höchstädt 1704 France (Lorraine) 1705 Flanders 1706 Piémont 1707 Germany 1708 Roussillon 1710 France (camp at Metz) 1712 Flanders, Denain, Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain 1713 Germany, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1730 Levy white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 White with red cuffs, buttons and hatborder gold, aiguillette of tape with a pale green, red, yellow and white design. [Gudenus] 1738 coat, cloak & lining grey-white, cuffs & lapels red, copper buttons on wood, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1730 Levy red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards, sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737 [Lemau] 1740 4 red silk standards, sun and royal motto gold, on back a Virgin and the motto: AIDE DIEU AU SECOND CHRETIEN LEVY, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Livery of Novion: Novion, senior branch of the house of Gesvres wears grey with black velvet lace edged yellow. [Beneton de Moranges] Arms of Levis: gold with three black chevrons.

Heudicourt, Praslin, Penthièvre, Toulouse, Souternon, Gacé Susane: 449 Tessin: 1674/2 Plate No. 037A (25 Mar. 1776 Dragons Penthièvre) 1674 M. le marquis d'Heudicourt, 1 Mar.1674 1679 + except one company incorporated into de Vivans 1682 de Praslin 1688 Jean-Baptiste-Gaston de Choiseul-Praslin Comte d’Hotel 20 Aug. 1688 1693 Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, 28 Aug. 1693 1693 Antoine d’Aix de la Chaise, comte de Souternon, 15 Nov. 1693, M.d.C. Lt. 1702 Louis-Jean-Baptiste de Goyon-Matignon, comte de Gacé, 1 Feb. 1702, M.d.C. Lt. 1706 N. de Richelieu-Aiguillon, comte d’Agenois, 22 Sept. 1706, M.d.C. Lt. ???? Louis du Frétoy, marquis d’Estourmel, M.d.C. Lt. 1737 Duc de Penthièvre, Grand Amiral, 7 Dec. 1737 On 28.08.1693 the king reassigned the regiments left vacant after the battle of Neerwinden and gave the regiment de Praslin to the Comte de Toulouse. On 31.10.1693 the Ct de Sousternon was chosen to command as MdC the regiment of the Ct. de Toulouse, giving to Pujols, who had previously commanded it, of course the regiment of Sousternon. On 26.09.1706 the Ct. de Toulouse gave his regiment, which had been vacant on the promotion of the Marquis de Gacé to the regiment of Dauphin étranger, to the Ct. d’Agen (son of the Marquis de Richelieu). [Sourches] Campaigns

94

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1675 combat at Consaarbrück 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 capture of Freiburg 1678 combat at Rheinfelden, siege of Kehl where it guarded the bridge of Altenheim 1683 camp on the Sarre 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 Rhine 1693 Flanders; battle of Neerwinden 1695 bombardment of Brussels 1696-97 Meuse (army of Boufflers) 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Gueldres; winter at Ruremunde 1702 combat at Nijmegen 1703 combat at Eckeren, capture of Kehl 1706 battle of Ramillies 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain, sieges of Douai, Le Quesnoy & Bouchain 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 Heudicort grey coat, red cuffs.[A1B] 1698 Toulouse white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace gold, shoulder and sword knots white. [Corfey] 1730 Toulouse white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Toulouse coat & cloak grey-white, red lining, red cuffs, grey-white cloth buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining and cuffs red, grey-white cloth buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1708 pale crimson with knight on winged horse and motto TERRA MARIQUE. [A. Beek, trophies of Oudenaarde and Malplaquet] According to J.M. Deane white with Perseus with Gorgon’s head on shield. and motto TERRAQUE MARIQUE (see below). We have taken Deane’s description with the pale crimson ground colour. 1730 Toulouse red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 Toulouse 6 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle, arms of Toulouse, gold fleurs-de-lys embroidered in the corners and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle, arms of Penthièvre & fleurs-de-lys embroidered in corners & fringes gold, according to the 2 royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 crimson silk standards, gold sun and royal motto, on back an armed man on a winged horse and motto: TERRAQUE MARIQUE, (both on land and on sea) embroidery and fringes gold39. Livery de Toulouse: The Comte de Toulouse, brother of the Duc du Maine, had at first a personal livery with a ground of « soupe au lait » or isabelle, the lace being white with two lines therein, one red and the other blue, intertwined together; but after the start of the century this prince conformed to his brother and took on the same livery. The only distinction […] is that in the livery of Toulouse the cuffs are open and the pockets are horizontal. [Beneton de Moranges]

Chevalier-Duc, Roquepine, Sully, Vaudrey, d'Andlau Susane: 446 1674 1689 1701 1706 39

Tessin: 1674/3 Plate No. 037B Emmanuel August le Chevalier Duc, 1 Mar. 1674, Piedmontese of the house of Cts de Cocconato Marquis de Rocquepine, 23 Oct. 1689 Chevalier de Sully, Oct. 1701 Claude-Antoine-Eugène, comte de Vaudray (Vaudrey), 19 Dec. 1706

The Comte de Toulouse was Grand-Amiral de France

95

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1734 1738

Duc de Châtelleraut, 19 Dec. 1734 M. Léonor, comte d'Andlau, 24 Feb. 1738

On 16.11.1706 on heard that the Chevalier de Sully (of the family of Béthune) had sold his regiment to the Comte de Saint-Aignan who ceded it to the the MdC of the regiment in which he was serving (the Comte de Vaudray) who had previously had the regiment of Saint-Aignan and who took back the name by this exchange. [Sourches] Campaigns 1674 Roussillon 1675 capture of Figueras, suburbs of Gerona, Ampurias, Bellegarde 1676 captured Spanish garrison of Figueras during a sortie 1678 Flanders; battle of Saint-Denis 1681 camp in upper Alsace 1684 Catalonia, siege of Gerona 1685 camp on the Adour 1688 camp on the Meuse 1689 camp at Florainville, conquest of Palatinate 1691 Moselle 1692 Flanders; siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 siege of Huy; battle of Neerwinden 1694-97 Rhine 1701-06 Italy 1701 combat at Castrevato (M.d.C. +) 1706-07 Rhine 1707 Swabia, Franconia 1709-12 Flanders 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 Denain, sieges of Douai, Le Quesnoy & Bouchain 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1692 Chevalier Duc grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Roquepine grey coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots red. [Corfey] 1702 Roquepine grey coat, red cuffs.[SHAT A1 b 1626]. 1730 Vaudrey white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs & lapels red, formed tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered blue with a white chain. [Lemau] 1740 d'Andlau, justaucorps grey with red cuffs, buttons white. [Lemau] Standards 1730 Vaudrey red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards, sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 red silk standards, sun and royal motto embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] Livery of Sully: The Ducs de Sully, oldest of the house of Béthune, wore red lined blue and laced with a little blue lace. [Beneton de Moranges]

Saint-Sylvestre, Bercourt, Uzès, Marcillac , Susane: 450 1674 1679 1682 1690 1698

Tessin: 1674/4 Plate No. 038A Louis du Faure de Satilieu, Marquis de Saint Silvestre, 1 Mar. 1674 + 8 Aug. 1679, except mestre de camp Î Dauphin. reestablished 1 Jan. 1682 Marquis de Bercourt, Mar. 1690 François-Charles de Crussol, Comte d'Uzès, 17 Feb. 1698

96

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1709 1716 1726 1731 1734 1734 1738

Prince de Marcillac, 20 Mar. 1709 Duc de la Roche-Guyon (same M.d.C.) Comte de la Rochefoucauld, later Duc de la Roche Guyon Marquis de la Rochefoucauld d'Ursé, Nov. 1731 Marquis du Castelet, Jan. 1734 Comte d'Harcourt-Beuvron, Feb. 1734 M. le Marquis de Fleury, 15 Feb. 1738.

On 17.02.1698 we heard of the death of de Bercourt, brigadier de cavalerie, whose regiment the Marquis de Barbézieux immediately took for his brother-in-law, the Ct. d’Uzès, whose regiment had been dissolved (1688/34). [Sourches] Campaigns 1674 combats at Sinsheim, Ensheim, Mulhausen 1675 combats at Turkheim, Altenheim, Haguenau, Saverne 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 combats at Rheinfelden & Seckingen; capture of Kehl & Lichtenberg 1679 combat at Minden 1682 camp on the Sarre 1683 camp at the Escaut; sieges of Courtrai & Dixmunde 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1685-88 camp on the Saône 1688 camp on the Adour 1689 Rhine 1690 Flanders; battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons; combat at Leuze 1692 sieges of Namur & Charleroi, battle of Steenkerk 1693-97 Rhine 1700 army of Italy 1701 combats at Chiari & Carpi, combat at Volta 1702 battle of Luzzara 1703 combat at Castelnuovo 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea & Verrua 1706 battle of Castiglione 1707 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709-14 Flanders Uniform 1692 Saint Silvestre grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1692 Bercourt grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1730 La Rochefoucault white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Beuvron coat, collar & cloak grey-white, cuffs & lapels scarlet down the front of the coat, buttons of greywhite cloth in pairs, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with a broad silver border. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, cuffs, lapels & lining red, grey-white cloth buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered white with a blue chain. [Lemau] Standards 1730 La Rochefoucault red silk, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 Beuvron 4 red silk standards, Gold sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 crimson silk standards, sun and royal motto on one side, on the other a granat-plant in bloom and the motto: FLORET & ORNAT, embroidery and fringes gold

97

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Walin, Mélac, Larrard, Rassay, St. Germain-Beaupré Susane: 452 1674 1675 1679 1682 1690 1701 1704 1717 1721

Tessin: 1674/5 Plate No. 038B M de Walin Ezéchiel de Mélac, 1 Feb. 1675 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 1 Jan. 1682. M. de Larrard, Mar. 1690 de Rassay Saint Germain-Beaupré (son) N. de Levis, comte de Brion M. le Marquis de Sassenage

Campaigns 1675 sieges of Dinant, Huy & Limburg (Germany et Flanders) 1683 camp in Basse Alsace 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1686 Savoy 1688 camp on the Adour 1689 Rhine, quarters in Flanders 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons 1692-97 Rhine 1701-14?? 1706 Italy; battle of Calcinato [Dangeau] Uniform 1692 Mélac grey coat, red cuffs 1692 Larrard grey coat, red cuffs 1702 Larrard grey coat, red cuffs 1730 Sassenage white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak grey-white, red lining, cuffs & lapels red, German tin buttons in pairs on the lapels, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] Aiguillette of tapes with white, red and green cross design, rather like a tartan. [Gudenus] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs & lapels red, German tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered isabelle/violet [Lemau] Standards 1730 Sassenage red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 red silk standards, sun and royal motto embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Livery St Germain-Beaupré: coat isabelle lined blue.

Dauphin-Étranger Susane: 453 Tessin: 1674/6 Plate No. 039A Mestre de Camp Lieutenants: 1674 Joseph de Pons de Guimera baron de Montclar, 12 Mar. 1674 1681 M.d.C. unknown 1691 Raymond-Balthazar de Phélippeaux, 13 Nov. 1691 1697 Daniel Pain de Rodemach, Marquis de La Boulaye 1706 Louis-Jean-Baptiste de Goyan-Matignon, Comte de Gacé, 22 Sept. 1706 1719 Louis-Gabriel Bazin, Marquis de Bezons, 31 Aug. 1719

98

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1738

Marquis de Polignac, 24 Feb. 1738

Campaigns 1674 Flanders & Alsace, combats at Ensheim & Mulhausen 1675 combats at Turkheim & Altenheim 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 siege of Kehl 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1688 camp on the Meuse 1689-90 Palatinate, Rhine 1691 Flanders, siege of Mons; winter at the Rhine 1692 capture of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 sieges of Huy & Charleroi; battle of Neerwinden 1695-97 Meuse 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Rhine 1702 battle of Friedlingen 1703 siege of Kehl, 1st battle of Höchstädt , capture of Augsburg 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1706 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 recapture of Douai, Le Quesnoy & Bouchain 1713 siege of Freiburg 1714 camp on the lower Meuse Uniform 1692 blue coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 blue coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots white. [Corfey] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak royal blue, red lining, cuffs & lapels scarlet, flat tin buttons, buff waistcoat with similar buttons, white bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with a broad silver lace. [Lemau] ... 1738 coat & cloak royal blue, lining, cuffs & lapels red, flat tin buttons, buff waistcoat, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver; saddlecloths blue bordered aurore with red/blue/white wavy lines. [Lemau] Standards 1703 Dauphin étranger-cavalerie lost kettledrum banners at the battle of Eckeren in 1703 and at that of Malplaquet in 1709. [A. Beek] 1674-1761: Front: blue, sun, motto, one gold fleur-de-lys & one silver dolphin in each corner. Back: blue, semé of gold fleurs-de-lys or & gold dolphins in alternate rows. [Charrié] 1730 6 blue standards, sun & 4 dolphins in gold, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 6 blue silk standards, gold sun in the middle, 4 dolphins & 4 fleurs-de-lys embroidered in gold and silver in the corners, fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 blue silk standards, gold sun in the middle, 4 dolphins & 4 fleurs-de-lys embroidered in gold and silver in the corners, fringes gold, according to the royal ordonnances of 1737. [Lemau]

Villeneuve, Léry-Girardin, Bar, La Mothe, Joyeuse Susane: 451 1674 1677 1688 1696 1698 1701

Tessin: 1674/7 Plate No. 039B Marquis de Villeneuve, 1 Mar. 1674, to guard fortresses reconstituted to serve on campaign 15 Jan. 1677 Claude-François de Girardin de Vauvré, comte de Léry-Girardin, 19 July 1688 Marquis de Bar, 3 Jan. 1696 except for mestre de camp & Lt-Col. de la Mothe restablished 10 Feb. 1701

99

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1706 1709 1714

(Lt-Col) de la Mothe Marquis de Joyeuse, 9 Apr. 1709 + Î Chepy, later Chartres dragons.

Campaigns 1684 Roussillon 1690 Italy: battle of La Staffarda 1692 Flanders, siege of Namur 1693 Germany 1701 Germany 1706 Germany, Flanders, battle of Ramillies (MdC Bar +) Uniform : 1692 Villeneuve grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1692 Girardin grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Massot, Fontaines Susane: 485 1677 1697 1698

Tessin: 1677/1 Plate No. 040A M. de Massot, 18 Jan. 1677 Marquis de Fontaines, + 27 Mar. 1698

On 19.04.1696 one heard tha Massot, Brigadier de cavalerie, has sold his regiment to the Ct. de Fontaine, lt. col. of the regiment du Châtelet. [Sourches V] Campaigns 1691 Moselle Uniform 1692 Massot grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Tallard, Duras, Villequier, La Motte-Houdancourt, Brissac Susane: 494 Tessin: 1682/1 Plate No. 040B 1682 M. Camille d’Hostun Marquis, later Duc de Tallard, 1 Oct. 1682 1685 + 26 Sept. 1685, except mestre du camp 1688 Jacques-Henri de Durfort, duc de Duras, 10 Oct. 1688 1697 Jean-Baptiste de Durfort duc de Duras, 18 Oct. 1697 1710 Louis d’Aumont, marquis de Villequier 1723 Louis-Charles, Marquis de La Motte-Houdancourt, Apr. 1723 1734 M. le Duc de Brissac This regiment became Royal-Champagne in 1761. On 17.09.1697 we heard of the death of the Duc de Duras and that the king had given his regiment to the little Ct. de Durfort, his brother-in-law. [Sourches V] Campaigns 1683 siege of Courtrai & Dixmunde 1684 Luxemburg 1685 camp on the Saône 1689 Germany, siege of Philippsburg 1690-97 Flanders, Germany 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 army of Flanders; combat at Nijmegen & Eckeren 1704 combat at Lichtenau

100

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1705 attack on lines of Weissembourg 1706 raised blocade of Fort-Louis & captured Ile du Marquisat 1707 attack on lines of Stollhofen, capture of Pforzheim, Winhing, Schorndorf, action near Lorch, capture of Schwäbisch-Gemünd, combat at Seckingen & Ettlingen, capture of Laufen & Mannheim 1708 Flanders, battle of Oudenaarde 1709 siege of Warneton, battle of Malplaquet 1710-13 Flanders Uniform 1692 Tallard grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Duras grey coat, parements red, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver. [Corfey] 1702 Duras grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 Brissac Coat & cloak white, lining, cuffs and small lapels red, a large white collar and below it a little red collar, round cuffs à l'Allemande, pockets horizontal, large flat white buttons from Strasbourg, buff waistcoat bordered black with copper buttons, yellow stitched bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with a very broad silver border. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak white, lining, cuffs and small lapels red, a large white collar and below it a little red collar, cuffs à l'Allemande, large white, flat buttons of Strasbourg, buff waistcoat bordered black with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hat with a broad silver lace, saddlecloth red bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1688 Duras 4 yellow silk standards bordered black, gold sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold. [Charrié] 1730 Brissac 4 yellow silk standards bordered black, gold sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 yellow silk standards bordered black , gold sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 yellow silk standards bordered black, sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Arms of Duras: (Maison de Durfort): silver with a blue band, or quartered with 1 & 4 silver with the blue band and 2 & 3 red with a silver lion. Livery of Brissac: coat ground yellow, black and silver.

Seyssac, Imécourt, Montauban, Fourbin, Chépy Susane: 417 Tessin: 1688/1 Plate No. 041A (Later Chartres dragoons) 1672 François de Neufville, Marquis de Seyssac, 3 Mar. 1672, (later Duc de Villeroy) 1676 Jean de Wassignac, Marquis d'Imécourt, 26 Feb. 1676 1679 + 8 Aug. 1679 except mestre de camp 1688 reestablished Jean de Wassignac, Marquis d'Imécourt, (his son) 20 Aug. 1688 1693 Henri-Daniel de Wassinghac, Chevalier d’Imécourt d’Alipon, (his brother), Mar. 1693 1702 Marquis de Montauban, Jan. 1702 1702 Chevalier de Montauban, brother of Marquis, Sept. 1702 1702 Marquis de Fourbin, 6 Oct. 1702 1708 Nicolas-Antoine de Grouches, marquis de Chépy, 19 July 1708 1728 Jacques-Etienne de Grouches de Gribeauval, Comte de Chépy, 7 Aug. 1728 1774 Chartres Dragons Campaigns 1672 army of Condé; capture of Wesel & Emmerich, passage of Rhine, capture of island and town of Bommel 1673 Electorate of Brandenburg, occupation of Unna, Kamen, Altena, Soest, Xoester, Bielefeld 1674 army of Turenne; combats at Sinsheim, Enzsheim, Mulhausen 1675 combats at Turkheim, Altenheim, Haguenau & Saverne 1677-78 Flanders: sieges of Valenciennes, Cambrai, Ypres; battle of Saint-Denis 1689 Germany, under Duras 1690 Moselle & Flanders; battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons; Moselle

101

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1692 capture of Namur; battle of Steenkerk, bombardment of Charleroi 1693 battle of Neerwinden; siege of Charleroi 1694-97 Meuse 1701 Germany 1702 Italy, battle of Luzzara 1703 Castelnuovo di Bormia, capture of Asti & Villanova 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea & Verrua 1705 Cassano 1706 Calcinato, Turin 1707 Dauphiné, Provence (siege of Toulon) 1708-12 Rhine, army of Germany 1712 siege Le Quesnoy 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1692 Immecour grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1702 Imercourt grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1730 Chépy Coat & cloak grey-white, red lining, cuffs & lapels scarlet, buttons of white metal, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak grey-white, red lining, cuffs & lapels scarlet, white metal buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, cuffs, lapels & lining red, white metal buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered ...? [Lemau] Standards 1730 Chépy 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] the other side has the motto: Bello felicitas[Susane] Arms of Neufville (Villeroy): blue with a gold chevron accompanied by 3 gold anchor crosslets.

Noailles (-Duc), Ayen (Noailles-dragoons) Susane: 519 1688 1694 1709 1710 1730

Tessin: 1688/2 Plate No. 041B Anne-Jules Maréchal (1693) Duc de Noailles, 20 Aug. 1688 (under command of Lt.Col. de Cheyladet) Adrien-Maurice de Noailles, Comte d'Ayen, 5 Dec. 1694 Philippe, Comte de Noailles, 7 Dec. 1709 Adrien-Maurice Duc de Noailles, 25 Oct. 1710 Louis de Noailles Duc d'Ayen, Brigadier, 4 Mar. 1730

On 17.12.1694 one heard that the king had given the ct. d’Ayen, oldest son of Maréchal de Noailles, the regiment which had been called that of Noailles-Duc to distinguish it from that of the Marquis de Noailles (1688/39) [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1689 Flanders 1690 battle of Fleurus; Germany 1692 Flanders; sieges of Namur & Charleroi; battle of Steenkerk 1693 Roussillon, siege of Roses 1694 battle of Le Ter, capture of Palamos, Girone, Hostalrich, Castelfollit, relief of Hostalrich 1695 (end) Flanders 1696-97 Meuse 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Spanish Netherlands 1702 Rhine , battle of Friedlingen 1703 capture of Breisach & Landau, battle of Speyerbach

102

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1704 Bavaria, 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Catalonia; action at Roses 1706 capture of Bascara & Navarra, relief of siege of Barcelona 1707 capture of Livia & Puycerda 1709 defeat of Palatine troops near Figueras 1710 expulsion of English from Agde & combat at Cette 1711 siege of Gerona 1712-14 blocade of Barcelona Uniform 1692 Noailles Duc red coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Noailles red coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace gold, shoulder and sword knots orange. [Corfey] 1730 Noailles coat & cuffs red. [Lemau] 1735 Coat, cuffs, cloak red, red lining, copper buttons on wood, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow stitched bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with a broad gold border. [Lemau] 1738 coat, cuffs, lining, cloak red, copper buttons on wood, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace gold, saddlecloth red bordered ...? [Lemau] Livery of Noailles: red with gold lace. Standards 1698 Front : red with sun and motto, embroidery and fringes gold. Back: an oval shield with two hands around a vertical sword, surrounded by two palms, a banderole with INCORRUPTA FIDES ET AVITA VERA.[Beek, Charrié] 1730 red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold. 1738 4 red silk standards, gold sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 red silk standards, sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau] Arms of Noailles : red with a gold band.

La Margelle, Soins de Pointsegur, Tournefort, Livry, Vassé Susane: 457 1674 1675 1679 1684 1684 1688 1696 1699 1718 1719 1723 1730

Tessin: 1688/3 Plate No. 042A M. de La Margelle, 14 Aug. 1674 in Franche-Comté Barthélemy de Soins de Pointsegur, 4 Mar. 1675 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 15 Jan. 1684 + 26 Sept. 1684 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688. François du Vivier-Lansac, Comte de Tournefort, 8 Jan. 1696 Louis Sanguin, Marquis de Livry, 10 July 1699 Louis-Gabriel Bazin, Marquis de Bezons, 15 Mar. 1718 N. de Bezons, 31 Aug. 1719 Marquis de Beringhen. M. le Vidame de Vassé

Campaigns 1677 Flanders; siege of Saint-Ghislain 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres; battle of Saint-Denis 1679 Germany; battle of Minden 1690 Roussillon; actions at Campredon, Ripouilles, Saint-Jean de Ribes, blocade of Gerona, capture of Urgell, relief of Prats de Mollo 1692 Italy 1693 Germany 1695 Italy 1696 siege of Valenza Po 1697 Flanders

103

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1698 1701 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1712

camp at Compiègne Germany siege of Kehl, combat at Munderkingen, 1st battle of Höchstädt battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) Moselle Rhine Flanders Battle of Oudenaarde Battle of Malplaquet recapture of Douai, Bouchain, Le Quesnoy

Uniform 1692 Poinsegur grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Tournefort white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots orange/white/green. [Corfey] 1730 Vassé white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak grey-white, red lining, cuffs and lapels scarlet, copper buttons on both sides, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs & lapels red, yellow copper buttons on both sides, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered isabelle, violet line. [Lemau] Standards 1730 1735 1738 1740

Vassé standards crimson, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 4 crimson silk standards, Gold sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold 4 crimson silk standards, gold sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 4 crimson silk standards, Sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Lançon, Saint-Simon Montbleru, du Bordage, Bouzols, Fiennes Susane: 434 1673 1676 1679 1688 1693 1702 1719 1727 1735

Tessin: 1688/4 Plate No. 042B Jean de Pouilly de Lançon, 10 décembre 1673 Marquis de Saint-Simon Montbleru, Mar. 1676 + 8 Aug. 1679, except mestre de camp reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Marquis du Bordage Joseph de Montaigut, chevalier de Bouzols, 24 Dec. 1702 Jean-Paul-Timoleon, duc de Brissac, 1 Feb. 1719 Hugues-René-Timoleon de Brissac, comte de Cossé, (his brother) M. le Marquis de Fiennes, July 1735

On 28.08.1693 the king gave the regiment of Saint-Simon, vacant after Neerwinden, to the Marquis de Bordage. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1674 battle of Seneffe, combat at Mulhausen 1675 combat at Turkheim, sieges of Dinant, Huy & Limburg (Germany & Flanders) 1676 (Flanders) combat at Consaarbrück, defense of Trier, capture of Condé, Bouchain, Aire 1677 campaign on Rhine 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden (St Simon +), siege of Charleroi 1694-97 Rhine 1701 Combats at Carpi and Chiari 1702 Luzzara

104

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1703 Santa-Vittoria, San Benedetto 1704 Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 Cassano 1706 Calcinato, Turin 1707-09 Roussillon 1710-13 Rhine 1713 sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1692 Saint-Simon grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1730 Cossé white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak white, cuffs & lapels red, white cloth buttons in pairs, round cuffs, pockets horizontal, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, leather breeches, broad silver hatlace. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak white, cuffs, lining & lapels red, white cloth buttons in pairs, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered white with a green chain. [Susane 1759, Lemau] Standards 1730 Cossé yellow standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 4 yellow silk standards bordered black, sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 yellow silk standards bordered black, sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 standards of ponceau (poppy red) silk, bordered black, sun and royal motto, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] Livery of Brissac: coat yellow, black and silver.

Givry, Courtebonne,Barentin, Villepreux Susane: 440 1673 1677 1679 1688 1696 1711 1717 1735

Tessin: 1688/5 Plate No. 043A Bernard Pellart, marquis de Givry, 10 Dec. 1673, as guard for Mouzon & fords on the Meuse Jacques-Louis de Calonne, marquis de Courtebonne le 6 Jan. 1677 + 8 Aug. 1679 Î Condé reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 M. de Barentin, 3 Jan. 1696 M. de Villepreux Armand-Jean de Rouvroy Saint-Simon, Marquis de Ruffec (Saint Simon) Louis-Antoine du Prat de Nantouillet, marquis de Barbançon

Campaigns 1677 Rhine, siege of Freiburg 1678 Flanders; sieges of Gent & Ypres. 1688 Flanders 1689 combat at Walcourt 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 Moselle; winter in Luxemburg 1694 Flanders 1695 Meuse 1704 2nd Höchstädt (Blenheim) Uniform 1692 Courtebonne grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1730 Coat & cloak grey-white, lining red, cuffs & lapels of coat scarlet with pairs of white buttonlaces down to the waist, stamped, half-round, tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with a broad silver lace. [Lemau]

105

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1735 1738

Coat & cloak grey-white, lining red, cuffs & lapels of coat scarlet with pairs of white buttonlaces down the front, stamped, half-round, tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hat with a broad silver lace. [Lemau] coat & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs & lapels red, stamped, half-round, tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered white with a green chain. [Lemau]

Standards 1730 4 standards of aurore silk, gold sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1735 4 standards of aurore silk, gold sun in the middle, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 standards of aurore silk, gold sun in the middle embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 standards of aurore silk, sun and royal motto embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Grutel, Rassent, Fourquevaux, La Tour, Pardillan Susane: 404 1671 1677 1679 1688 1698 1701 1702 1704 1711 1714

Tessin: 1688/10 Plate No. 043B M de Grutel, 9 Aug. 1671 Jean-François-Paul, marquis de Rassent, 6 Dec. 1677 + 8 Aug. 1679 Î Royal-Piemont Reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 + 23 Dec. 1698, except mestre de camp & Lt. Col. reestablished as de Rassent, 10 Feb. 1701 M. de Fourquevaux, 29 Jan. 1702 M. de la Tour, (Lt. Col.) 12 Nov. 1704 [Dangeau] M. de Pardaillan, 28 Feb. 1711 + Î Bouzols, no. 434

Campaigns 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis 1688 Flanders 1691 combat at Leuze, siege of Mons 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 siege of Charleroi, battle of Neerwinden 1695 Moselle 1696 Meuse 1702 Rhine 1702 battle of Friedlingen, (took 7 standards), 1703 sieges of Kehl, Brisach, Landau, battle of Speyerbach 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) M.d.C. + Uniform 1692 Rassan grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

D’Aumont, La Vallière, La Fontaine Susane: 441 1673 1677 1679 1688 1692 1704 1714

Tessin: 1688/12 Plate No. 044A Louis-Marie Victor, duc d’Aumont, 10 Dec. 1673 another member of the family d’Aumont + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Charles-François de la Baume Le Blanc, duc de La Vallière, 12 Jan. 1692 Nicolas, comte de La Fontaine, 17 Sept. 1704 + 15 Aug. 1714, Î Royal-Piemont

106

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

11.12.1691 The king gave the Marquis de la Vallière permission to buy the regiment of the Duc d’Aumont (This was the third or fourth regiment which the Duc d’Aumont had raised and sold.) [Sourches III] Campaigns 1673 army of the King 1689 Flanders 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 Meuse, combat at Marche en Famène 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 camp at Tongres, battle of Neerwinden, siege of Charleroi 1701 Germany 1704 battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705-06 Flanders, battle of Ramillies 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 Rhine 1713 sieges of Landau & Freiburg 1714 camp on lower Meuse Uniform 1698 La Vailler (Valiére) white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots yellow/red. [Corfey] 1698 de la Vallière grey lined red with yellow pistol covers.40 [Mercure Galant] Arms d’Aumont: silver with a red chevron accompanied by 7 red merlets (birds without beaks and claws), 4 at the top and 3 below.

Marivault, Vivans, Beaujeu Susane: 479 1676 1679 1688 1698 1701 1702 1706 1713

Tessin: 1688/13 Plate No. 044B Hardouin de Lisle, marquis de Marivault, 7 Mar. 1676 + 8 Aug. 1679 Î regt. Du Roi reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 + except mestre de camp & that of Lt.Colonel Brice reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 Marquis de Vivans Saint-Christaud, 29 Jan. 1702 M. de Beaujeu + 20 Nov. 1713 Î Lenoncourt, later Toustain no. 233

Campaigns 1676 Rhine , combat at Kokersberg 1689 camp at Floranville; Rhine 1692 Moselle 1693 Germany 1702-03 Rhine 1706 Germany under Villars and Berwick 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1711 combat at Arleux 1712 battle of Denain, capture of Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 Marivault grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1701 grey coat, red cuffs; trumpeter: red coat, yellow cuffs. [AN Contract ET XLVIII]

40

de la Vallière est gris doublé de rouge, avec des fourreaux jaunes.

107

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Du Rozel, Anlézy, Villequier, Gouffier Susane: 484 1677 1679 1688 1696 1698 1701 1702 1709 1713 1714

Tessin: 1688/14 Plate No. 045A César-Armand, marquis du Rozel, 15 Jan. 1677 + 8 Aug. 1679 Î Bulonde no. 356 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Marquis d’Anlézy, 3 Jan. 1696 + 3 Feb. 1698, except comp. of Lt.Col. de Villedon reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 Louis-Antoine-Erard de Damas, Comte d’Anlézy, 21 June 1702 Marquis de Villequier, 20 Mar. 1709 Louis-Charles, marquis de Gouffier + Î Esclainvilliers, later Royal-Picardie

Campaigns 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres 1679 combat at Minden 1689 Guyenne 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons; battle of Leuze 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 Moselle; winter in Mons 1694 Meuse 1696 Moselle 1697 Flanders 1701 Rhine 1702-04 siege of Kehl, combat at Stolhofen 1703 1st battle of Höchstädt 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1708 Flanders, battle of Oudenaarde Uniform 1692 De Rossel grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Fontet, Vandeuil, Cappy Susane: 487 1677 1679 1688 1694 1702 1714

Tessin: 1688/15 Plate No. 045B N. de Fontet, 24 Feb. 1677 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Vandeuil (Vaudreuil?) 27 Mar. 1694 + 1702 Luzzara Lt.-Col. François-Joseph de Cappy, 30 Aug. 1702 + 15 Aug. 1714 Î regiment Du Roi.

(According to Invalides acte 12842 it was La Feuillade (n° 366?) before becoming Vandeuil) François-Joseph de Cappy began his military career as a volunteer in Dauphin dragoons in 1674. In 1676 he became a cornet in the same regiment and found a captaincy in the regiment of Langalerie in December 1683. When his company was reformed he raised another in the regiment of Fontet in 1688. Under Vaudreuil he became Lt. Colonel in March 1694. When the colonel was killed at Luzzara the king gave the colonelcy to Cappy on 30th August 1702. When the regiment was disbanded in 1714 the remains, including his company, passed on to du Roi. In October

108

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1716 Cappy was ennobled in recognition of his services and in 1718 was made a maréchal de camp. He died in May 1721.41 At Malplaquet in 1709 his was one of three regiments to loose a pair of kettledrums. It also lost a standard. J.M. Deane in his letters describes a kettledrum banner and its coat of arms as captured at the battle. The coat of arms matches the contemporary coat of Cappy (not that shown by Rietstap which is a later coat). Hence we assign this kettledrum banner to Cappy. Campaigns 1689 Roussillon 1692 capture of Urgell, relief of Prats de Mollo 1693 siege of Roses 1694 battle of Le Ter, capture of Palamos & Gerona 1696 combat at Ostalrich 1697 siege of Barcelona; combat at San Feliu 1701-06 Italy . 1701 combats at Carpi & Chiari 1702 battle of Luzzara, (M.d.C. Valdeuil +) 1703-04 expedition into Trentin, capture of Asti, Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 battle of Cassano, winter at Carpenedolo 1706 combat at Montechiaro, battles of Calcinato & Turin 1707 Alps 1708 Rhine 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet 1712 Battle of Denain, recapture of Douai 1713 Rhine , sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms Unknown, assumed grey coat, red cuffs. Standards Unknown, reconstructed based on kettledrum banner. “One payr of kettle drums and banners. The coat of arms thus: three marteletts oare (or = gold) in a field azure (blue) supported by 2 greyhounds; the mottoe thus – Nos sustinett Aether me Gloria” (Heaven sustains us with glory).

Sibourg, d'Espinchal, d'Elbeuf, La Bretauche, Caubous Susane: 491 1677 1679 1688 1701 1703 1705 1709 1715

Tessin: 1688/16 Plate No. 046A N. de Sibourg [Susane & état 1694 Cibour] + reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 M. d'Espinchal, Dec. 1701 Prince d'Elbeuf La Bretauche, July 1705 François du Haget de Caubous le 1 Oct. 1709 + 15 Aug. 1715 Î Commissaire Général-Cavalerie.

Campaigns 1677-78 Germany 1690 battle of Fleurus 1701 Italy 1703 San Benedetto (M.d.C. +) 1705 Italy, Piedmont, siege of Chivas, (M.d.C. Prince d’Elbeuf +) 1709 Flanders 1712 Denain, Le Quesnoy, Douai, Bouchain 41

D’Hozier, Jean-François-Louis, Recueil de tous les membres composant l’ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis, Paris, 1817, T. 1, p.262

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1713 1714

Landau, Freiburg camp on the Saône

Uniform 1692 Sibourg grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] Standard Besides the illustration by Anna Beek there is a description of the Prussian trophies delivered into the Arsenal at Berlin on 20th Feb. 1710 and taken at Malplaquet. It is described as follows: A standard of red damask with a silver embroidered border, on the one side an embroidered gold sun, above which the Latin letters Nec pluribus impar, on the other side an arm holding a Hercules club in the hand, below this arm the trunk of a tree with several small twigs and leaves, embroidered in green silk, above this arm the Latin letters Robur virtusque omnia vincunt. An iron point, the tassles of silver and red thread besides similar fringes.42

Terrail, Bissy, d’Estaniol Susane: 497 Tessin: 1688/18 Plate No. 046B 1688 N. du Terrail, 20 Aug. 1688 1690 Anne-Claude de Thiard, comte de Bissy, (1691 according to archives Nunzio Francia ASVat) 1698 + except mestre de camp & Lt.Col. d’Arly. 1701 reestablished 1 Mar. 1701 1702 or 1703 chevalier de Bissy 1704 N. d’Estaniol de Montagnac, 17 Sept. 170443 1710 N. d’Estaniol, 30 Dec. 1710, (his son) 1713 + 10 Nov. 1713 et incorporé dans Anjou NB: Etat 1692 says: “cy devant du Claray” Campaigns 1701 Armée du Rhine 1703 1st battle of Höchstädt 1704 2nd Höchstädt/Blenheim after Dangeau 1705-06 Alsace 1707 Souabe et Franconie 1708-10 Rhine 1711-12 Flanders 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 Comte de Bissy grey coat, cuffs blue.

Cathulan, Savines, La Baume, La Boulaye, Alzeau Susane: 498 1688 1698 1701

Tessin: 1688/19 Plate No. 047A M. de Cathulan, 20 Aug. 1688 + except mestre de camp & Lt.Col. de Villeneuve. reestablished 10 Feb. 1701

42

Nr. 55. Eine Standarte von rothem Damast, der Bord rund um mit Silber gestickt; auf der einen Seite eine von Gold gestickte Sonne, über welcher die lateinischen Buchstaben Nec pluribus impar, auf der anderen Seite ein Arm, in der Hand haltend eine Herkuleskäule; unter diesem Arme ein Stamm vom Baum mit etlichen kleinen Zweigen und Blättern, so von grüner Seide gestickt, ober über diesem Arm die lateinischen Buchstaben: Robur virtusque omnia vincunt. Eine eiserne Spitze, die Patrollen von Silber und rother Seide, nebst dergleichen Fransen.

43

Dangeau

110

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1701 1702 1704 1706 1713

Antoine de La Font, marquis de Savines (Savinne), 27 July 1701 Marquis de La Baume, 15 Mar. 1702 (son of Maréchal de Tallard) M. de La Boulaye, 15 Sept. 1704 M. d’Alzeau [Dalzeau], 4 Dec. 1706 + Î partly Dauphin-étranger, partly Saint-Germain-Beaupré nos. 452 & 453.

On 06.12.1706 one heard that the king had given d’Alzeau, captain of cavalry, the agreement to buy the regiment of La Boulaye who had been made enseigne of the Gardes du Corps. [Sourches X] Campaigns 1688-92 coast of Normandie 1693 Italy; battle of La Marsaglia 1703 capture of Breisach & Landau, battle of Speyerbach & 1st battle of Höchstädt 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Alsace 1707 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet Uniform Unknown, assumed white with red cuffs. Standards 1702 Front: green, sun and motto, in each corner a shield with the arms of the mestre de camp (gold with a zig-zag blue band), embroidered and fringed in gold and silver, back: green, allegory of a white swan pieced with 3 swords, banderole across with the motto MALO PATI QUAM FOEDARI. [Charrié]

Vandoeuvre, Puyguyon, Staint-Lieu, Marnay, Tracy, Rouvray, Tourotte Susane: 500 1688 1691 1693 1695 1698 1701 1701 1702 1706 1713

Tessin: 1688/21 Plate No. 047B M. de Vandoeuvre, 20 Aug. 1688 François de Granges de Surgères, marquis de Puyguyon, 7 Mar. 1691 René Lallier, comte de Saint-Lieu, 15 Nov. 1693 Philippe de Virieu, marquis de Marnay-Saint-André, 1 June 1695 + 13 Nov. 1698, except mestre de camp & Lt. Col. de Rouvray reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 Jean-Louis de Tracy, 10 Apr. 1701 (Lt-Col.) François Paul de Courseules, marquis de Rouvray, 16 Jan. 1702 Louis-François Bellanger de Tourotte, 18 Jan. 1706 + 10 Nov. 1713 Î Beringhen no. 364

25.02.1690 Vandeuvre, MdC, got permission to sell his regiment and did sel lit to Puyguyon, lt.col. of the regiment de Vaillac. On 14.11.1693 the king gave the Ct. de Puyguyon the regiment of the Duc de Bourgogne and Saint-Lieu, its lt. col. that of Puyguyon. [Sourches] Campaigns 1690 Flanders; battle of Fleurus 1691-93 Flanders 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze, 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1696 Moselle 1697 Meuse 1703 Bavaria 1704 battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Alsace 1707 Flanders

111

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1708 1709 1710 1712 1713 1713

battle of Oudenaarde Rhine camp in pays messin Flanders sieges of Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain. Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg

Uniform 1692 Puyguyon grey coat; red cuffs. [A1B]

Montpeyroux, Gramont, Maisonthiers, Campférand Susane: 502 1688 1691 1703 1706 1708 1713

Tessin: 1688/23 Plate No. 048A M. de Montpeyroux, 20 Aug. 1688 Leonor François palatin de Dyo, Marquis de Montpeyroux, (his son) M. de Gramont, 25 Mar. 1703 M. de Maisonthiers M. de Campférand, + 15 Aug. 1713 Î Orléans.

The Ct. de Gramont (a gentleman of Franch-Comté) was killed at the battle of Castiglione on 09.09.1706 and the king gave his regiment to Maisonthier, lt. col. of Royal Roussillon on 22.09.1706. [Sourches X] Campaigns 1688-89 Camp at Florainville, relief of Mainz 1690 Flanders 1692 Rhine 1696 Italy, siege of Valenza Po 1701 Italy, combat at Carpi & Chiari 1702 almost destroyed at the attack on Cremona, battle of Luzzara 1706 Castiglione (MdC Gramont +) 1706 Alpes 1707 Flanders 1713-14 Flanders, Rhine Uniform 1692 Montpeiroux grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1702 Montpeyroux grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B] 1710 Maisontier grey coat, red cuffs, copper buttons, shoulder knot green, saddlecloths green (silver lace for the officers), yellow gloves with white borders, black neckcloths, silver lace on officers hats. Trumpeters: green coats, red cuffs. [ AN Contract ET VII/190] Details: Estat des marchandises a fournir pour l’habillement du Regiment de Maisontiers par la Veuve Veron 656 au ½ de drap facon de lodeve pour les justaucorps de cavallerie a 7Lb 5s 980 aulnes de serge d’aumalle rouge pour doubler lesdits habits a 32s 140 aulnes de drap demie escarlatte a 11 Lb pour parements de xxxxxxxx 320 aulnes dudit drap facon de lodeve pour les manteaux a 7lb 5s 80 aulnes daumalle rouge pour les parements des manteaux a 32s La douzaine de gros Bouttons de Cuivre a qui..... rondis a 12s Les petits a moitié a 6s Pour 9 Casaques de Trompettes a 2 au ¼ chacune 20 au ¼ drap du Scau vert a 8s 2 au ¼ du mesme demy escarlatte a vnze livres 96 aulnes de drap vert pour les 8 housses a huit livres Pour l’Uniforme 77 au ¾ de drap de mouies gris argenté a 15 lb 94 au ¾ de raz de Saint Lo escarlatte pour doubler les habits d’officiers a 7lb 10s

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 8 au ½ de drap escarlatte fin pour les parements a 24 lb 30 au de drap de mouire vert pour les housses des officiers 1100 aulnes de Gallon pour les dits housses dedit cavaliers 280 Chapeaux 280 paires de gants jaunes bordés de blanc 280 Cravattes noir a 3 quarts 280 Bourses de Chevaux de toille 280 Rubans de queues de laine rouge .......... de vert et blanc 280 Aiguillettes platts de vert 288 Cordons de sabre vert Le Galon dargent plain pour les bordre de chapeaux Le Galon dargent plain pour lesdits housses des officiers

a 17lb l’aulne a 3lb a 18s la paire a 14s a 10s piece a 8s piece a 15s piece a 6s a 5lb 10s l’once a 6lb l’once

Humières, Mauroy, Soucarrière, Villiers Susane: 505 1688 1690 1704 1710 1713

Tessin: 1688/25 Plate No. 048B Louis de Crévant, maréchal d’Humières, 20 Aug. 1688 Denis Simon, marquis de Mauroy, 18 Mar. 1690 M. de Soucarrière, 10 Feb. 1704 M. de Villiers + Î Condé

Campaigns 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 Italy 1696 Italy 1697 Flanders 1698 Camp at Compiègne 1701 Italy, combats at Carpi & Chiari 1702-04 defense of Cremona, actions at Santa Vittoria, Luzzara, Guastalla, Borgoforte Uniform 1698 Monroy (=Mauroy) white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots green. [Corfey] 1701 Mauroy grey coat, red cuffs. (SHAT A/1 1586) Livery of Crevant d'Humières: yellow lined red and decorated with a broad black velvet lace edged in white. [Beneton de Moranges] (after Leliepvre lace white edged black)

Montberon, Chatelet-Clefmont, La Billarderie, Braque, Malan Susane: 507 1688 1689 1698 1701 1703 1706 1709 1713

44

Tessin: 1688/26 Plate No. 049A François de Tourvoye, comte de Montberon, 20 Aug. 1688 Antoine-Charles, marquis du Chatelet-Clefmont, 6 Apr. 1689 (Chastelet) + Nov./Dec. 1698 except mestre de camp reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 Charles-César de Flahaut de Saint-Remy, marquis de La Billarderie, 17 Jan. 1703 marquis de Braque (=Brac, grandson of de Brissac44), 25 June 1706 Jospeh-François-Hyacinthe Le Bereur, marquis de Malan, 24 July 1709 + 10 Nov. 1713 Î Saint-Agnan (no. 405).

Dangeau

113

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 On 13.03.1689 the Marquis de Châtelet, of the family of Maréchal de Bellefonds, bought at the same time the regiment of Marquis de Béthune-Chabry, after having to wait a long time for the king’s permission. On 08.07.1706 the king gave the enseigne of his Gardes du Corps, company of Noailles, to La Billarderie, MdC, at the same time giving him permission to sell his regiment for 22 500 livres to the Marquis de Bracq, grandson of the Ct. de Brissac, major in his Gardes du Corps. [Sourches] Campaigns 1690 Italy, conquest of Savoy, battle of La Staffarda 1691 conquest of the county of Nice 1692 Flanders siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 Rhine 1694 Flanders 1696 Italy, siege of Valenza 1697 Meuse 1701 Rhine 1702 Battle of Friedlingen 1703 siege of Kehl, 1st battle of Höchstädt [Invalides] 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt, battle of Ste Croix (near Bruges) [Invalides] 1705 camp at Sierk 1706 Alsace 1707 Flanders 1708 Battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1711-12 Dauphiné 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1692 Chastelet grey coat, cuffs blue. [A1B]

Boufflers, d’Ourches, Chérisey, Cayeux Susane: 508 1688 1693 1705 1711 1714

Tessin: 1688/27 Plate No. 049B Louis-François, Duc de Boufflers, 20 Aug. 1688 Charles, Comte d’Ourches, 26 Dec. 1693 Louis Le Roy de Chérisey, 11 Mar. 1705 Comte de Cayeux, 19 May 1711 (into another regt. of M.d.C.) + 15 Aug. 1714 Î Royal-étranger.

Campaigns 1688-89 Palatinate 1690 Fleurus 1691 Flanders; siege of Mons, bombardment of Liège 1692 sieges of Namur & Charleroi, battle of Steenkerk 1693 Rhine 1694 Meuse 1696 Flanders 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Italy 1702 Luzzara 1703 expedition to Trentin 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 Cassano 1706 Castiglione, battle of Turin 1707-09 Flanders, Valcourt 1708 Oudenarde 1709 Malplaquet 1712 Denain, Le Quesnoy, Douai

114

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1713

Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg

Uniform 1692 Boufflers grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Dourches white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots blue/orange. [Corfey] Livery Boufflers: green coat with white lace charged with red molettes (6-point stars with hole in the middle) and red cross-crosslettes. [Beneton de Moranges]

Dumont, Nassau-Saarbrücken, Villiers Le Morhyer, Vignoles, Autichamp, du Fief Susane: 509 1688 1690 1693 1704 1705 1708 1713

Tessin: 1688/28 Plate No. 050A N. Dumont, 20 Aug. 1688 Louis Craton, Comte de Nassau-Saarbrücken, 3 Sept. 1690 Etienne Bérault de Villiers Le Morhyer, 30 Mar. 1693 M. de Vignoles, 26 Oct. 1704 M. d’Autichamp M. du Fief, Mar. 1708 + Î Bourbon.

On 02.04.1693 the king allowed the regiment of Nassau to be sold to Villiers, lt. Col. of cavalry. [Sourches] Campaigns 1688-89 Flanders 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693-95 battle of Neerwinden, siege of Charleroi, combat at Tongres, bombardment of Brussels 1696 Rhine 1701-07 Italy 1701 combat at Naviglio 1702 battle of Luzzara, combat at Borgoforte 1703 expedition in Trentin 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1706-07 Italy & Dauphinée 1709-13 Germany et Flanders Uniform 1692 Nassau grey coat, cuffs blue. [A1B] Livery of Nassau: blue/aurore

La Mark, Fürstenberg, Courcillon, Béthune, Pons Susane: 521 1689 1704 1719 1734 1735

Tessin: 1689/1 Plate No. 050B Ferdinand-Maximilien-Gustave-Joseph Egon de la Mark for Cardinal Fürstenberg (known under both names), 1 Jan. 1689 Dangeau son, Marquis de Courcillon, Jan. 1704 Louis-Marie-Victoire, comte de Béthune, 26 Sept. 1719 Marquis de Béthune son, 20 Feb. 1734 M. le Vicomte de Pons,

On 18.01.1697 it was heard that the Ct. de La Marck (a German lord whose mother had remarried to a nephew of Cardinal Fürstemberg) MdC had died in Paris in the flower of his youth. On 25.02.1697 at the wish of the Cardinal Fürstemberg the king gave the regiment vacated by the death of La Marck to the young count of La Marck, his brother,

115

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 who had just left holy orders, on condition that he should serve one year in the MdC company without commanding it. On 12.10.1689 the king augmented the cavalry to the effect that MM. de Glizy (1688/8), major of the Cuirassiers du Roi, de Vaillac (1689/2), lt. col. of a regiment of cavalry, de Ligondez (1689/5) lt. col. of the regiment of Vivans, de Lagny (1689/4), de Presle (1689/11), lt. col. of the regiment of cavalry of Monsieur, and de Goas (1689/21) were all made colonels of cavalry regiments, [Sourches] Campaigns 1690 Flanders; battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden, siege of Charleroi 1695 combat at Tongres, bombardment of Brussels 1697 siege of Ath 1698 camp at Compiègne 1701 Flanders 1703 combat at Eckeren 1706 battle of Ramillies 1708 Flanders; battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1710-13 Flanders Uniform 1698 Fürstemberg red coat, blue cuffs, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots white. [Corfey] 1698 the regimens of la Reine & de Fürstemberg are red lined blue. [Mercure Galant] 1730 Béthune red coat, blue cuffs. [Lemau] 1735 Béthune Coat & cloak red, lining blue, cuffs blue, tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow stitched bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1735 red coat, blue facings, buttons silver in threes on long lapels, aiguillette white or uncoloured. [Gudenus] 1738 coat & cloak red, lining and cuffs blue, tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloths blue bordered ...? [Lemau] Saddlecloth green, border green/yellow checkers. [Susane] Standards 1730 Béthune standards isabelle, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 Bethune 4 standards of isabelle silk, sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 standards of isabelle silk, sun in the middle embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 standards of isabelle silk, sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Vaillac, Saumery, du Paon Susane: 523 1689 1698 1701 1702 1706 1713

Tessin: 1689/2 Plate No. 051A François de Ricard de Gourdon de Genouillac, comte de Vaillac, 25 Oct. 1689 + 23 Dec. 1698 except mestre de camp reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 Jean-Baptiste-François-Johanne de la Carre, comte de Saumery, 23 Dec. 1702 M. du Paon, 23 Sept. 1706 + Î du Tronc no. 395

On 22.09.1706 the king gave the regiment Royal Roussillon to the Ct. de Chémérolles (second son of the Marquis de Saumery) and in turn gave his regiment to the Chevalier de Paon, lt. col. in Royal Roussillon. [Sourches X] Campaigns 1690-91 Flanders, siege of Mons 1692 siege of Namur & Charleroi, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden 1697 siege of Ath

116

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1701 Flanders 1702 combat at Nijmegen 1703 combat at Eckeren 1704 Rhine 1705-06 Alsace 1707-13 Flanders & Rhine Uniform 1692 Vaillac grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Laigny, Resnel, Anlezy, Rodemark, Lessart, Harcourt, Biron Susane: 526 1689 1698 1701 1701 1702 1707 1709 1710 1711 1713

Tessin: 1689/4 Plate No. 051B M. de Laigny (Lagny), 25 Oct. 1689 + except mestre de camp reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 M. de Resnel (Renel), 29 Dec. 1701 N. de Damas, marquis d’Anlezy, 24 June 1702 Daniel Paris de Rodemack, June 1707 César-Emmanuel Colin de Lessart, Feb. 1709 M. d’Harcourt, son of Maréchal d’Harcourt M. de Gontaut, son of M. de Biron, Apr. 1711 + Î Cuirassiers du Roi.

05.05.1698 the king disbanded five regiments of cavalry, those of Lagny (1689/4), du Plessis (1688/8), de Chamlin (1688/32), de Souastre (1689/13) and de Fiennes (1667/5). [Sourches VI] Campaigns (Possible confusion with service of regt. no. 484 because of the simultaneous presence of two M.d.C.s named d’Anlézy) 1702 Rhine, capture of Kehl, combat at Stolhofen 1703 1st battle of Höchstädt 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Roussillon 1706 Italy 1707 Rhine, Germany; combat at Ettlingen, (M.d.C. +) 1708-13 Flanders, Germany Uniform 1705 grey coat, red cuffs for the men. Saddlecloths green. Trumpeters had green coats lined red, cloaks green lined red. Officers grey coats lined red, waistcoat and breeches red. [AN contract below] AN Contract 7th Dec. 1705 ET/XLVIII/28, Details: 1632 aunes de serge de Bery gris de feuelair ? pour les cavaliers a 5 L 15 S l’aune 88 aunes de drap façon duseau demy ecarlatte a 9 L 5 S l’aune, 1224 aunes de serge daumalle Rouge a 29 S l’aune 210 aunes de drap façon dusseau Vert a 6 L l’aune, 48 aunes de drap façon dusseau vert a 6 L l’aune tous bon ..... Premierement 36 aunes de serge daumalle rouge a 29 S l’aune pour doubler les justaucorps et manteaux des trompettes, 102 aunes de drap façon du Sceau vert a 7 L l’aune, tam pour L....gm..... et huosses des cavaliers que pour 32 housses pour messieurs les officiers, 280 cravattes et bourses pour les cavaliers a 45 S Chaque, Et pour Vniformes 72 aunes de drap de mussieu grisblanc a 12 L l’aune, 12 aunes du drap fin escarlatte a 21 L 10 S l’aune, 192 aunes drap raz de St. Lo escarlatte a 50 S l’aune,

117

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Livery d’Harcourt: livery red and yellow. [Beneton de Moranges]

Ligondèz Susane: 527 1689 1698 1701 1703 1713

Tessin: 1689/5 Plate No. 052A M. du Ligondèz, 25 Oct. 1689 + except mestre de camp & Lt. Col. de Wignacourt. reestablished 10 Feb. 1701. M. du Ligondèz (his son), Jan. 1703 + 6 Oct. 1713 Î Noailles.

On 10.12.1698 it was known that the king was to do a second reform more considerable than the first. The regiments of cavalry disbanded were those of Ligondez (1689/5), de Joffreville (Susanne 518), du Châtelet (1688/26) (all three of them brigadiers and this year the reform fell on the brigadiers although, in the past the disbandment had hit the ordinary maitres de camp rather than the brigadiers. Nevertheless they were allowed to keep their companies which was hardly allowed to any mestre de camp. De La Feuillade (1667/6), Chevalier d’Imécourt (1688/3) and Lessard (1688/24) were all disbanded. [Sourches VI] Campaigns 1690 Catalonia, combat on the hill of Pertus 1695 Germany 1696 Italy 1697 Rhine 1701 army of the Rhine 1703 capture of Breisach & Landau; battles of Speyerbach & Höchstädt 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1706 Flanders, battle of Ramillies 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain, capture of Douai Le Quesnoy Uniform unknown Standards 1704 white with gold embroidery, the sun and royal motto on one side, on the other a baby (Moses?) amoung the reeds at water and 2 angles above.with the motto IOVIS OBRUIT HOSTES. [Spofforth] Due to the unlikeliness of white standards we assume these to be pale crimson.

La Beyssière, d’Auvergne, Bourke, Massembach, Valgrand Susane: 531 1689 1695 1702 1704 1706 1714

Tessin: 1689/6 Plate No. 052B La Beyssière Prince d’Auvergne, Apr. 169545. M. Bourke (Bousk, Lt. Col.?), 12 July 1702, + Blenheim 1704 Nicolas, Comte de Massembach46, 16 Sept. 1704 M. de Valgrand47, Feb. 1706 + Î la Reine

45 La Bessière, mestre de camp et brigadier de cavalerie, saw himself as unable to serve because of his age, asked permission to give up his regiment, and the king chose the Prince d’Auvergne to replace him....(Dangeau) 46 February 1706 Massembach old mestre de camp & brigadier has been made marechal de camp. Dangeau 47 Dangeau

118

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 The regiment was retained after the Peace of Ryswick 1698. The Prince d’Auvergne went over to the enemy in 1702 and was hung in effigy in La Place de Greve. Campaigns 1702 battle of Friedlingen Always served in Germany. Uniform 1692 La Bessière grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1698 Auvergne grey coat, red cuffs, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots black/white. [Corfey]

Phélippeaux, Courlandon, Moyria, Maubeque, Chataumorand, Roye Susane: 532 Tessin: 1689/7 Plate No. 053A 1689 Raymond-Balthazar de Phélippeaux 1691 13 Nov. Î Dauphin-étranger, same day Î M. de Courlandon. 1704 Mr de Moyria (=Mauriac) 1705 M. d’Harcourt, Prince de Maubecque (Morbecq,son of Prince d’Harcourt), Aug. 1705 1706 Jean-François-Joubert de la Bastide, Marquis de Chateaumorand, Sept. 1706 1710 Comte de Roye, Dec. 1710 1713 + Î du Dauphin. Note according to Invalides (act 12304) Courlandon was incorporated into Champlain n° 436. Campaigns 1691-93 Flanders. Siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 Italy, battle of la Marsaglia 1694-97 Roussillon & Catalonia, battle of Le Ter, action at Palamos, Girone, Hostalrich, Castelfollit, Barcelona. 1701-06 Italy 1701 combats at Chiari & Carpi 1702 defense of Cremona, battle of Luzzara, combats at Borgoforte & Stradella 1705 Cassano, (M.d.C. Mauriac +)48] 1706 Guastalla (M.d.C. Maubecque) 1707 Dauphiné. relief of Toulon. 1710 Flanders Uniform 1692 Courlandon grey coat; red cuffs. [A1B] 1702 Courtandon (=Courlandon) grey coat; red cuffs.[A2B] Livery d’Harcourt: livery red and yellow. [Beneton de Moranges]

Glizy, Alais, Conflans Susane: 544 1689 1693 1694 1704

Tessin: 1689/8 Plate No. 053B Louis chevalier de Glizy (or d’Eglizy) Alais Jean-Chretien de Watteville, marquis de Conflans, 26 June 1694 M.d.C. resigned. Regiment destroyed at Höchstädt, rest Î d’Anlezy no. 526.

NB: according to Dangeau the regt. was Glisy before becoming Conflans (see below). This is confirmed by Invalides acte 44827)

48

Dangeau

119

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 On 08.02.1694 was given to the Chevalier de Broglie, brother of the Ct. de Broglie and the Ct. de Revel, permission to buy the regiment of Glizy, who had left the service because of a apoplexy. On 04.04.1694 the Chevalier de Broglie received permission to buy the regiment of Montplaisir (1688/11), and Frontenay to buy that of Glizy. On 02.07.1694 the king gave the Dragoons of Chantran (1688/49) to Frontenay, a gentleman of Franche-Comté, to whom he gave permission to buy that of Glizy on condition that he would still pay Glizy the price of his regiment which the king had given to the Chevalier de Conflans, also from Franche-Comté, at the same time. [Sourches] Campaigns 1692 Le Quesnoy 1704 2nd Höchstädt (Blenheim) Uniform 1692 Glissy grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] Standards 1703 Conflans: Reconstruction based on one lost at Speyerbach and recorded by A. Beek. The motto Boutonsac is after Charrié. Jean-Chrétien de Watteville, marquis de Conflans or Conflans sr. de Vezilly

Presle, Egmont Susane: 525 1689 1697 1698

Tessin: 1689/11 Plate No. 054A N. Nicolai de Presle, 25 Oct. 1689 Comte d’Egmont + except comp. of Lt. Col. d’Espinchal.

On 28.12.1696 one heard that the Ct. d’Egmont was buying the regiment of Souastre. [Sourches V] Susanne gives a different order: 1689/11 Presle Î 1697 Egmont ; 1689/13 Souastre Î + 1698 Uniform Unknown or could it be the unidentified regiment of 1692:? 1692 Pralin (Prasline? Presle ?) grey coat, red cuffs. Standards 1689 Front: red with sun and motto, embroidery and fringes silver. Back: green with an allegory of a greyhound and a banderole with the motto FIDELIS ET AUDAX. [Lemau]

Sheldon, Nugent, Fitzjames Irlandois Susane: 570 1691 1691

Tessin: 1691/2 Plate No. 054B Roi d’Angleterre, Sept. 1691 from Anglo-Irish emigrées under James II49 Domenick Sheldon

49

In 1692 it was decided that the Irish, who were to act under James II as his army in France should consist of 2 Troops of Horse Guards, 2 Regiments of Horse, 2 Regiments of Dragoons à pied, 8 regiments of Foot and 3 independent companies. 2 Troops of Horse Guards or Gardes du Corps The formation was commenced in 1689, after the arrival of James II in France; each of the Troops consisted of 200 privates, the 1st Troops under Henry Jermyn Lord Dover and the 2nd under James Fitz-James duke of Berwick. To these it is mentioned to have been a Troop of Mounted Grenadiers attached, commanded by Colonel Butler. The King’s and Queen’s Regiments of Horse The 2 Horse regiments were organised from the remains of 9 cavalry regiments of the Irish army, namely Tyrconnell’s, Galmoy’s, Lucan’s, Sutherland’s, Luttrell’s, Abercorn’s, Westmeath’s, Purcell’s and O’Brien’s, that came over from Ireland to France. The 2 Regiments each consisted of 2 squadrons, each squadron of 3 troops, each troop of 50 privates. The colonels were, of the King’s or du Roi regiment Dominick Sheldon and in the Queen’s or Regiment de la Reine [d’Angleterre] Cavalerie, the colonel being Pierce Butler 3rd Lord Galmoy. In 1698 the 2 regiments were merged in the regiment of Sheldon.

120

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1698 1706 1716 1733

Sheldon-Irlandais, 15 Feb. 1698, (incl. La Reine d’Angleterre Cavalerie, Col. Lord Galmoy) Jean-Christophe de Tashmond-Limerick, Comte de Nugent, 20 Jan. 1706 Comte de Nugent, (his son) Charles duc de Fitz-James, 16 Mar. 1733

Campaigns 1691-92 coast of Normandie 1693-98 Flanders; battle of Neerwinden 1696-97 Army of the Moselle 1701 Germany 1701-02 Italy; combats at Chiari, defense of Cremona, combat at Santa-Vittoria, battle of Luzzara 1703 Rhine , sieges of Brisach, Landau, battle of Speyerbach 1704 Flanders 1706 battle of Ramillies 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain, siege of Douai 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg 1714 camp on the lower Meuse Uniform 1730 Nugent Irlandois coat & cuffs red. [Lemau] 1735 Coat & cloak red, lining blue, cuffs & lapels blue à la Bavaroise, tin buttons in pairs, cuffs round, pockets horizontal, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow stitched bandoleer, goatskin breeches, broad silver hatlace. [Lemau] 1738 Coat & cloak red, lining, cuffs & lapels blue à la Bavaroise, tin buttons in pairs, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered white with green heckers in 1761. [Susane, Lemau] Since the regiment had the same colonel as before 1714 we assume that the uniform had the same basic colours. Standards 1704 Front: red with the golden sun and motto “TORN OFF”; back: red with a rising eagle and the motto “TORN OFF”. [Spofforth] Unclear is whether the words “Torn off” merely mean that the motto was torn off the flag or if that was the actual motto. Charrié raises the point that if the motto was torn out, why should it be written on this standard only, since a number of the captured standards and flags were damaged, moreover, the typical motto, Nec Pluribus Impar, would have been fairly familiar for an English engraver of the period too. The assignment to Nugent is dependent on this argument. 1730 Nugent Irlandois standards red bordered yellow-aurore, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau] 1735 6 red silk standards bordered yellow, sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 6 red silk standards bordered yellow, sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 6 yellow silk standards, sun and royal motto, embroidery and fringes silver, saddlecloths and pistol covers yellow bordered white. [Lemau]

Royal des Carabiniers Susane: 572 1693

Tessin: 1693/1 Plate No. 055A Royal des Carabiniers, 1 Nov. 1693, M.d.C. Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duc du Maine

1st Brigade: 1693 Nov. 1 1694 Oct. 25 1707 Apr. 6 1716 1722 Dec. 4 2nd Brigade: 1693 Nov. 1

Chevalier du Mesnil Comte d’Aubeterre (Pierre d’Esparbès de Lussan) de Verneuil (François-Alexandre du Rozel) Chevalier de Sanguin de La Motte (Nicolas Coquart) Commandeur du Rozel de Cagny (François)

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1716 Apr. 27 1733 Oct. 24 3rd Brigade: 1693 Nov. 1 1702 Feb. 1 1719 Feb. 1722 Dec. 4 1735 Apr. 6 4th Brigade: 1693 Nov. 1 1702 Jan. 29 1711 1710 Feb. 1 1735 Apr. 6 5th Brigade: 1693 Nov. 1 1702 Jan. 29 1705 Dec. 15 1716 1734 Apr. 20

de Grieu de Valcourt (Jean-François de Queysse) Marquis d’Achy (François-Philippe de Carvoisin) de Cloys (Nicolas Le Blanc) de Froideau de Parabère Marquis de Créqui (Jaques-Charles) de Résigny de Lestang de Pujols de La Mark de Prémont Commandeur de Courcelles (Camille de Champlaix) Chevalier d’Imécourt (N. de Wassinghac) Marquis de Rouvray (François-Paul de Courseulles) de Pardaillan Marquis de Vichy (Gaspard-Nicolas Chamron)

In 1679 2 carabiniers were assigned to each company of cavalry. They were the best shots in the company and equipped with rifled carbines, hence the name. Their job was to harass the enemy with small arms fire in advance of an attack. On 29 Oct. 1691 Louis XIV ordered these to be combined into one company of Carabiniers in each cavalry regiment which companies were often formed into brigades. The success of the brigaded carabiniers at Neerwinden prompted him to form a regiment of the united carabiniers of all regiments, a plan which was put into effect on 1st Nov. 1693. In 1699 the regiment had the rank of 12th among the cavalry. This was not a regiment in the usual sense but an elite division of 5 brigades originally consisting of 100 companies of 30 troopers each. At the Peace of Rijwick in 1698 60 companies were disbanded. During the War of the Spanish Succession it was still made up of 40 companies divided into 5 brigades each of 4 squadrons. Each Brigade was under command of a Chef de Brigade Mestre de Camp, and included a Lieutenant Colonel, Major, an Ayde-Major, 8 Captains, 8 Lieutenants, 4 Cornets & 8 Maréchaux des Logis with 200 Carabiniers per Brigade each with 16 brigadiers, 8 trumpeters & 1 kettledrummer with 4 standards. The Duc du Maine, Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, first Lieutenant General, 3 May 1692, was the first Mestre de Camp Lieutenant Commandant en chef from 1693 until 10 May 1736. The Prince de Dombs became Mestre de Camp Lieutenant Commandant en chef on 10 May 1736. The officers did not buy their ranks but were commissioned directly by the King to give opportunities for advancement to officers too poor to buy positions. The sale of companies was also prohibited. This is also why the M.d.C. was always a member of the royal house whereas the commanders of the brigades were the day-to-day commanders of the unit. Sourches notes: On 29.10.1693 news came that the king was to make a sole regiment of all the carabiniers of his cavalry and had given command to the Duc du Maine, under the authority of the Ct. d’Auvergne, colonel-général de la cavalerie and to command the regiment under the prince he had chosen five old mestres de camp of whom two had regiments, being the Marquis de Bellegarde and the Chevalier du Rozel, the three others who did not have commissions being the Chevaliers du Mesnil, d’Achy and Résigny. On 31.10.1693 the king allowed the Chevalier du Rozel (1689/9) and Bellegarde (1688/17) to sell their regiments which was a great relief to them. On 11.11.1693 Bellegarde, who had been named first mestre de camp of Carabiniers, had thanked the king for this employment but quit the service because of ill-health and sold his regiment. On 17.11.1693 the Chevalier de Courcelles, MdC, who had been maréchal des logis de la cavalerie, was named the last mestre de camp of Carabiniers to replace the Marquis de Bellegarde. On 20.10.1694 one heard of the death of du Mesnil who commanded the first brigade of Carabiniers, which was given to the Marquis d’Aubeterre, MdC. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1694-97 2 brigades in Flanders (Mesnil, Rozel) 1694-97 3 brigades in Roussillon & Catalonia 1694 capture of Palamos, Girone, Ostalrich, Castelfollit, battle of Le Ter 1696 combat near Hostalrich

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1697 siege of Barcelona; combat at San Feliu 1698 5 brigades in camp at Compiègne 1701 4 brigades in occupation of Brussels (Achy, Aubeterre, Rozel and Resigny) 1702 3 brigades in Flanders, combats at Nijmegen, Eckeren 1704 Army of Germany 1705 Flanders 1702-06 2 brigades in Italy 1705 siege of Asti 1706 siege of Turin 1707 5 brigades in Flanders battles of Oudenaarde, Malplaquet, Denain, capture of Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain 1713 Rhine Uniforms November 1693 [Mercure Galant]: The regiment [de Carabiniers] is composed of 100 companies of Carabiniers of 30 troopers each, making a total of 3,000 Carabiniers & 400 officers including the Mestre de Camp commanding, the 5 Mestres de Camp under him, the 5 lieutenant-colonels, the 5 majors & the 5 aides-majors. They form 5 squadrons of 5 companies each, of which there are 2 from the old regiments and 3 from the new ones. The regiment is dressed in blue lined red, the troopers in a good cloth and the officers the same except that they have silver wire buttons and a silver lace on the cuffs and thecollars of the cloaks which are blue like those of the men. The maréchal-des-logis was dressed similarly but with a simple silver lace at the edge of the juste-au-corps and waistcoat and a broad silver border on the cuff. Saddlecloth and pistol-covers as for officers. The brigadier and sousbrigadier were similar but with a silver lace at the edge of the juste-au-corps only, the rest as for troopers. Both maréchal-des-logis and brigadiers had silver lace on their belts and bandoliers as for officers. The hat (of the officers) is bordered with a silver lace broader than that of the troopers. The saddlecloths of the troopers are all blue, bordered with a lace of white serge and the pistol-covers all the same, their buff belts have a border of white leather and the bandoleer is the same, gloves and neck-cloths black. The officers are the same except that that which is white for the men they have in silver, the headstalls of the horses are proper and all uniform, the gilded bosses also all uniform too, the swords are the same length and breadth, the rifled carbines also & everything required to load them, notably having 2 balls of 2 calibres, the one to be forced in with the hammer and the iron ramrod and the others smaller to reload speedily if there should be a need. The pistols are the best which can be found and 15 inches long. The horses are all the same size with long tails and have them turned up the same, without ribbons or tail-trusses. Every four squadrons have a kettledrummer in the companiy of the Mestre de Camp dressed in the royal livery without gold or silver, as are the trumpeters of all the companies. Every four squadrons have a chaplain with a chapel. There are 2 standards required for each squadron with a well chosen motto, having the sun as emblem on one side and on the other semé of fleurs-de-lys as are most of the other regiments of the King. The troopers only have tin buttons. 50 50

(Mercure Galant) Le Régiment [de Carabiniers] est composé de 100 Compagnies de Carabiniers de 30 mestres chacune, faisant en total 3.000

Carabiniers & 400 Officiers y compris le Mestre de Camp en pied, le 5 Mestres de Camp sous luy, les 5 Lieutenans Colonels, les 5 Majors & les 5 Aides Majors. Ils feront 5 Escadrons de 5 Compagnies chacun, dont il y en aura 2 des vieux Regimens & 3 des nouveaus. Le Régiment sera habillé de bleu doublé de rouge, les Cavaliers d'un bon drap uny & les Officiers de mesme, à la reserve des boutons d'argent filé qu'ils auront, & un galon d'argent sur les manches & au colet des manteaux, qui seront bleus comme ceux des Cavaliers. Le chapeau sera bordé d'un galon d'argent plus large que celuy des Cavaliers. Les Housses des Cavaliers bleues, toutes unies, bordées d'un galon de sarge blanche & les bourses de Pistolets tout de mesme; leurs Ceinturons de Buffle avec un bord de cuir blanc & la bandouliere de mesme; les Gands & des Cravattes noires. Les Officiers en auront aussi excepté que ce qui est blanc aux Cavaliers ils l'auront d'argent; les Testieres des chevaux propres et toutes unies; des bossettes dorées toutes unies aussi; des Epées de mesme longeur & largeur; des Carabines rayées pareilles & tous ce qu'il faut pour les charger, observant de avoir 2 bales de 2 Calibres, les unes pour entrer à force avec le marteau & la baguette de fer & les autres plus petites pour recharger plus promptement si on en a besoin. Les pistollets les meilleures qu'on pourra trouver de 15 pouces de longeur. Les chevaux tous de mesme taille à longue queue & l'ayant retroussée de mesme, sans rubans ny trousse-queue. A chaque quatre Escadrons il y aura un Timbalier à la Compagnie du Mestre de Camp habillé de la livrée du Roy, sans or ni argent, aussibien que les Trompettes de toutes les Compagnies. Il y aura aussi à chaque quatre Escadron un Aumonier qui on donnera une chapelle. ... Il faut 2 Etendarts pour chaque Escadron avec une Devise bien choisie, qui ait un Soleil pour corps d'un costé, & de l'autre des fleurs de Lis parsemées, comme à la plus part des autres Regimens du Roy. Les Cavaliers n'auront que des boutons d'etain.

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Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Uniforms: justaucorps blue with red lining and cuffs, waistcoat and breeches chamois (red for the officers and trumpeters, belts of natural leather laced with white/silver, horse furniture blue with white/silver lace. Musicians: royal livery without the silver lace which was only worn around 1725. To facilitate duty on foot they wore boots with short shafts and soft tops. 1698 blue coat, cuffs red, silver lace, hat ribbon black, hatlace silver. [Corfey] 1698 The Carabiniers are blue with red cuffs and the belts below the justeaucorps, they wear white bandoleers .... The officers have silver buttonlace on the justeaucorps and on the waistcoats which are red. [Mercure Galant] 1702 blue coat, red cuffs , 10 squadrons. [A2B] 1704 (see general notes on uniforms above) 3 small sive laces on cuffs. Brigadiers the same with a silver lace around the cuff. Both officers and men had black cravattes. 1721 Horse furniture: royal blue cloth with a lace of white linen, officers have silver lace.[MacCarthy-Delaistre] 1730 blue coat, red cuffs & silver borders on the cuffs, the bandoleers and the belt. [Lemau] 1738 coat, little collar & cloak blue, lining and cuffs red, tin moulded buttons in groups of 3 on the coat, a silver border on the cuffs and on the epaulettes, white bandoleer bordered with a silver lace as for the belt, buff waistcoat, leather breeches, hat with a broad silver border & black cockade, horse furniture blue bordered silver. [Lemau] Standards 1693 front white, sun, royal motto, back blue semé of fleurs-de-lys, embroidery and fringes gold and silver. Only in 1725 did the front and back become identical, both with a blue ground, sun, motto, semé of fleurs-de-lys, embroideries and fringes gold and silver. [Charrié] 1730 20 blue standards, sun in the middle & 4 fleurs-de-lys in the corners with gold fringes. [Lemau] 1738 20 blue silk standards, gold sun in the middle & royal motto: NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR decorated with gold embroidered fleurs-de-lys and gold fringes according to the said royal ordinances of 8 Jan. and 28 Feb. 1737. [Lemau] 1740 20 blue silk standards, gold sun, semé of gold fleurs-de-lys and the royal motto: NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR embroidered and fringed in gold and silver according to the said royal ordinances of 8 Jan. and 28 Feb. 1737. [Lemau]

Tarnault Susane: 577 1702 1713

Tessin 1702/1 Plate No. 055B Charles de Tarnault, 3 Sept. 1702 + 10 Nov. 1713 Î Berry.

Campaigns 1702-04 Rhine, sieges of Breisach & Landau; batailles of Speyerbach and Höchstädt 1707-13 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1709 Malplaquet 1712 Denain, recapture of Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain. Standards Example shown after A. Beek

La Mothe-Houdancourt Susane: 587 1705 1713

Tessin 1705/1 Plate No. 056A Charles-Louis, marquis de La Mothe-Houdancourt, 19 Nov. 1705 + 10 Dec. 1713 Î Chabonas, later Royal-Navarre.

124

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Campaigns 1706-10 Flanders 1706 battle of Ramillies, combat at Plassendal 1708 battle of Oudenaarde, actions at Wijnendaele & Loffinghen 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1711 Rhine 1713 capture of Speyer, Worms, Kaiserslautern, Landau, Freiburg Uniform 1730 La Mothe-Houdancourt white coat, red cuffs. [Lemau] Since it had the same owner as under Louis XIV we assume the same uniform and standards. Standards 1730 red standards, gold sun and fringes. [Lemau]

Harcourt, Saint-Blimont Susane: 590 1705 1710 1713

Tessin 1705/4 Plate No. 056B François, duc d’Harcourt, 19 Nov. 1705 M. de Saint-Blimont + Î Villequier, later Royal-Champagne.

Campaigns 1706-08 Flanders 1706 battle of Ramillies 1708 Oudenaarde 1709 Rhine

Uniform unknown Standards 1708 red standards, gold sun and motto, embroidery and fringes gold, back: allegory of a cloud with lightening bolts coming out of it, a banderole with the motto GESTA VERBIS PREVENIANT. [A. Beek, Charrié]

Marsillac, Aubeterre Susane: 595 1705 1709 1714

Tessin 1705/7 Plate No. 057A N. de la Rochefoucault, Prince de Marsillac, 27 Nov. 1705 Aubeterre, 20 Mar. 1709 + Î La Rocheguyon no. 450.

Campaigns 1706 Italy-Piedmont, Alps & Nice 1709 Flanders Uniform 1711 Aubeterre coat & cloak grey, red cuffs, red lining, saddlecloth red. Trumpeters: coats & cloaks red, cuffs green, lining green. [AN Contract Et VII/198] Details: Estat des marchandises a fournir pour l’habillement du Regiment daubeterre Cavalerie par la Veuve Veron marchande drappiere La quantité de 540 aunes de drap de lodeve pour habits de cavallerie a raison de sept livres l’aune est

125

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 La quantité de 130 de drap de berry demy ecarlatte pour parements a raison de Vnze livres laune est... La quantité de 1000 aunes de Serge daumalle rouge pour doublure a raison de trente deux sols l’aune La quantité de aunes de Jalaise rouge les housses de cavalerie a raison de sept livres l’aune est La quantité de aunes de mouye daumalle rouge pour les fourcaux? des pistolets a raison de 2L14s l’aune est La quantité de 22 ½ aunes de drap Vniforme pour messieurs les officiers a raison de quinze livres l’aune est La quantité de 22 1/3 aunes de drap mouie Ecarlatte pour parements et vestes a raison de vingt quatre livres l’aune La quantité de 22 ½ aunes de de raz de St Lo Ecarlatte pour doubler les habits des Mrs. les officiers, a raison de 7L 10s l’aune est Page 2 Estat des marchandises a fournir par la veuve vernon au regiment de Cav. Daubeterre suivant le marché quell ena faire avec Mr. de Courneaud Capne. au Regiment 640 au drap grisblanc Lodeve pour les cavs. a 7 lb 192 au de mesme drap pour les manteaux a 7 lb 840 au serge daumal rouge p. doublure aux habits des cavs. a 32 160 au de pareille serge a Doubler les manteaux a 32 193 au 1/3 de drap de berrie demy escarlatte po. les paremts.de l’aune 16 au ¾ de drap demy escarlatte cod. dessus po. habit de trompettes 20 au de drap demy escarlatte cod. dessus po. manteaux des troupes 34 au ½ de serge verte aumal po. doublure dhabit et manteaux de troupes 2 au 1/3 drap de berry vert pour parements dhabit de trompettes pour 32 housses de drap rouge facon de St. Lo a 7 lb pour 80 paire de faux fourraux de pistolets de cav. de mouy rouge 22 au ½ de drap vniforme pour off. a 15 lb 3 au 1/3 de drap escarlate pour parements aux habits d’off a 7lb 10s 22 au ½ de St. Lo escarlatte po. Doublure aux habit d’off. a 7lb 10 15 au de drap escarlatte pour des housses aux off. a 24 lb 4 au descarlatte finne po. un habit a Mr. de Courneaud a 24 lb vne aulne demy quart de pareille escarlatte po. une vest a Mr. deffert

Roye, Gramont Susane: 596 1705 ???? 1714

Tessin 1705/8 Plate No. 057B N. de la Rochefoucault de Roye, 27 Nov. 1705 became Comte de Gramont + Î La Ferronays no. 236.

Campaigns 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet 1711 defense of Bouchain Uniform 1709 unknown – assumed grey with red cuffs, saddlecloth red. Standards 1709 front red with sun and motto, back red with arms: blue lion on gold oval shield (Roucy), motto GLORIAM TUEOR (Behold the glory!) after A. Beek 1711 a similar standard was lost at Bouchain, A. Beek. Fouré assigns it to this regiment (p. 137 XIII/9). Charrié agrees.

Raigecourt Susane: 598 1705 1706

Tessin 1705/10 Plate No. 058A Bernard, Comte de Raigecourt, 6 Dec. 1705 Louis-Antoine, Marquis de Raigecourt, 13 July 1706, (his cousin)

126

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1713

+ 10 Nov. 1713 Î Lévis, later Royal-Normandie no. 445

Campaigns 1705-06 Rhine & Dauphiné 1709 Roussillon & Languedoc 1710 Rhine 1711-13 Flanders. battle of Denain, recapture of Douai & Le Quesnoy Uniform 1705 coat grey-white, breeches grey-white, waistcoat red, cuffs red, cloaks yellow. Trumpeters coats yellow, red cuffs, breeches & waistcoat red, lace black velvet. Saddlecloth yellow, black border. [AN Contrat 16 Dec. 1705] Details: Premierement 1566 au de Serge de Romorantin gris blanc à 5L 7s 6d l’aulne 902/3 aulnes de drap demy Escarlatte pour paremens à 8L l’aulne 816 aulnes de Serge d’aumalle grise à 27s l’aulnes 340 aulnes de Serge d’aumalle rouge à 27s 22½ aulnes de drap Jaulne pour les trompettes à 7L l’aulne 3 au de drap demy Escarlatte à 8L (parements?) 36 aulnes de Serge d’aumalle rouge à 27s (doublure?) 20¼ aulnes de tricot rouge pour vestes à 3 l’aulne 36 aulnes de drap Jaulne pour les manteaux à 7L l’aulne 12¼ aulnes d’aumalle rouge à 27s 200 ¼ aulnes de grand gallon velouté noir à 25s 63 aulnes de gallon pour border de mesme qualité 245 aulnes de Serge Jaulne à 2L 7s façon de St Lo à cent dix sols Pour les housses et bourses 1190 aulnes de mesme galon velouté pour border les housses à 13s Pour façon et taille de housses et bourses à 15s Prae............ trois bufles pour la compagnie Mestre de Camp à 24L chacun Touts les dites marchandises bonnes loyalles et marchandes comformes aux Eschantillons Cachetz du Cachet dudit Sieur Constance ce l’ai remis audit Seig. Comte de Raigecour ...............

Monchy, d'Asfeld (Prince de Vaudémont) Susane: 602 1707 1723 1738

Tessin 1707/1 Plate No. 058B Henri de Sénarpont, Marquis de Monchy, 15 Mar. 1707, M.d.C. Lt. Henri de Sénarpont, Marquis de Monchy, 23 Jan. 1723, M.d.C. Marquis d'Asfeld, 24 Feb. 1738

After the loss of the battle of Turin in 1706, Louis XIV took the two companies of guards of the Spanish governor of the State of Milan, Prince de Vaudémont (cuirassiers & lancers) into his service. The king gave the command of the regiment to the Prince de Vaudémont who put it under the command of Henri de Sénarpont, marquis de Monchy. 51 Campaigns 1707 Rhine 1713 sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1730 Coat & cloak grey-white, red lining, cuffs & lapels scarlet, flat tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, yellow bandoleer, goatskin breeches, hatlace silver. [Lemau] 1738 coat & cloak grey-white, lining, cuffs & lapels red, flat tin buttons, buff waistcoat with copper buttons, white stitched bandoleer, leather breeches, hatlace silver, saddlecloth red bordered red/green. [Lemau] Since it had the same owner as under Louis XIV we assume the same uniform and standards. 51

Dangeau Juin 1707. Mr de Vaudemont en quittant Milan, a composé un régiment de cavalerie des gardes qu’il avoit en ce pays-là et de quelquesuns des gardes de M. de Mantoue. Ce régiment est presentement en Languedoc; il est sur le pied étranger et le roi, à la recomendation de M. de Vaudemont, a mis mestre de camp reformé dans ce régiment M. de Presle, qui étoit colonel d’infanterie dans les troupes de Milan.

127

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Standards 1730 4 standards of aurore silk, sun in the middle embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 standards of aurore silk, sun in the middle, embroidered and fringed in gold, following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 standards of aurore silk, sun and royal motto, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Locmaria, Grandpré Susane: 155 1648 1650 1650 1661 1665 1667 1668 1671 1674 1679 1684 1693

Tessin: 1665/24 Plate No. --Charles-François de Joyeuse, comte de Grandpré 9 July 1648 + for rebellion on 20 Jan. 1650 Jean-Armand de Joyeuse, Chev. de Grandpré, Comte de Joyeuse (brother of above) 26 Feb. + 18 Apr. 1661 except Mtre. d. Camp reestablished 7 Dec. 1665 + 18 Dec. 1667 except Mtre. d. Camp made up to 100 men as reserve 26 May 1668 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Louis-François du Parc, marquis de Locmaria + 8 Aug.1679 Mtre. d. Camp Î Cuirassiers du Roi reestablished 13 Jan. 1684 M. de La Liste [Nunz. Fiandra] or into L’Isle du Vigier (No. Tessin 1693/2 Susane 573) according to the records in Les Invalides. (See below)

On 31.03.1693 the king gave the regiment of Locmaria to Robin, lt. col. of the regiment of Montbas. Susane mentions de Robin as successor to the Marquis de Varennes in 1665/23 but does not know of him as successor to Locmaria. [Sourches] Campaigns 1667 capture of Tournai, Douai, Lille. 1672 army of Turenne, capture of Rees, Arnheim, Skenke, Nijmegen, Grave, Bommel, Course in Westphalia 1673 capture of Unna 1674 Seneffe 1675 Germany, Meuse, capture of Dinant, Huy, Limburg 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 sieges of Valenciennes & Saint-Omer, battle of Cassel 1678 Sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint Denis 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1686 Camp at Flanders 1689 Flanders, combat at Walcourt 1690 Moselle 1691 Siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk Uniform 1692 grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Arnolfini, La Feuillade Susane: 366 1667 1668 1671

Tessin: 1667/6 Plate No. --Nicolas Arnolfini, 14 Sept. 1667 as 4 companies + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671, 3 companies

128

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1689 Louis d’Aubusson, duc de la Feuillade, 20 Aug. 1689 1698 + 18 Dec. 1698 According to Invalides acte #12847 it was still active in 1702 Campaigns 1668 Franche-Comté 1672 Holland 1673 siege of Maestrischt 1674 battle of Seneff 1676 sieges of Dinant, Huy, Limburg, Ain, Bouchain, defense of Maestricht 1678 sieges of Valenciennes, Cambrai, Mons, Ypres; battle of Saint Denis 1679-87 coast of Normandie 1688 Flanders 1689 combat at Walcourt 1690-93 battle of Fleurus, sieges of Mons & Namur, battle of Steenkerk & Neerwinden, sieges of Huy & Charleroi, combat de Ste Croix 1694-97 Rhine Uniform 1692 Aubusson La Feuillade grey coat red cuffs. [A1B] Standard 1701-19?

red, gold embroidery and fringes.

Arms of La Feuillade: blue anchor cross on gold

Bulonde, Roucy Susane: 356 1667 1668 1671 1684 1684

Tessin: 1667/7 Plate No. --Vivien Labbé de Bulonde, 1 Jan. 1667 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671, 6 companies François de la Rochefoucauld, Comte de Roucy + 29 Sept. 1684, except mestre de camp Î Florensac no. 354.

Campaigns 1672 Roussillon; camp at Ath 1673 siege of Maestricht 1674 combats at Sinsheim, Lademberg, Ensheim, Mulhausen 1675 combat at Turckheim, Altenheim, Haguenau, Saverne 1676 sieges of Condé and Bouchain; winter in Lille 1677 sieges of Valenciennes, Cambrai, Saint-Omer, battle of Cassel, relief of Charleroi 1678 Germany 1681-82 camp in Upper Alsace 1684 siege of Luxemburg

Lambert, Bissy Susane: 362 1667 1668 1671 1677 1679

Tessin: 1667/11 Plate No. --Henry, marquis de Lambert, 8 July 1667 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 7 Aug. 1671, 6 companies Jacques de Thiard, marquis de Bissy, 28 Feb. 1677 (s. no. 497) + 8 Aug. 1679

129

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1688 1702 1714

reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Anne-Claude de Thiard, Marquis de Bissy, (his son) 13 Feb. 1702 + 15 Aug. 1714 Î Bretagne-Cavalerie, later Royal-Bourgogne

Campaigns 1667 Flanders 1668 Franche-Comté 1672 Holland; capture of Wesel 1674 Franche-Comté 1675 army of Turenne, actions at Altenheim, Haguenau & Saverne 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg; actions at Rheinfelden, Seckingen 1678 siege of Kehl & Lichtenberg 1689-90 Flanders 1692 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 sieges of Namur & Charleroi, battle of Steenkerk 1693 sieges of Huy & de Charleroi, battle of Neerwinden 1694-97 Germany 1701 Rhine, Italy; combats at Carpi & Chiari 1702 battle of Luzzara 1703-04 combats at Castelnuovo & San Sebastiano, sieges of Verceil, Ivrea & Verrua 1705 battle of Cassano, combat at Foncino, 1706 battle of Castiglione 1707 Flanders 1708-13 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms 1702 Marquis de Bissy grey coat, red cuffs [A2B]

Montgeorges, Montgommery, Imécourt Susane: 399 1668 1668 1671 1675 1679 1684 1684 1688 1696 1698

Tessin: 1668/3 Plate No. --M de Montgeorges, 10 Apr. 1668 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Jean, comte de Montgommery, 29 July 1675 + 26 Sept. 1679 except mestre de camp reestablished 13 Jan. 1684 + 26 Sept. 1684 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Chevalier d’Imécourt, 3 Jan. 1696 + 13 Feb. 1698

Campaigns 1672 Germany 1676 sieges of Bouchain, Condé, Aire; combats at Haguenau & Saverne. 1677 sieges of Valenciennes, Cambrai 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres, battle of Saint-Denis 1688 Rhine 1690 Italy, battle of La Staffarde, conquest of Savoy & the county of Nice. 1692 Rhine Uniform 1692 Montgommery grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

130

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Longueville, La Langallerie, Simiane Susane: 402 1671 1672 1683 1684 1688 1702 1714

Tessin: 1671/3 Plate No. --Duc de Longueville, 9 Aug. 1671 Herni-François des Gentils, marquis de La Langallerie, 1 Oct. 1672 Philippe, marquis de La Langallerie (his son), 4 Nov. 1683 + 26 Sept. 1684 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Nicolas François, comte de Simiane. + 15 Aug. 1714 Î Chartres

Campaigns 1672 Rhine 1673-75 army of Turenne 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1679 combat at Seckingen, siege of Kehl 1681 garrison of Dinant, camp in Flanders 1682 camp in Lower Alsace 1683 camp on the Saône 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1689-90 Germany & Flanders; 1690 battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur, combat at Steenkerk 1693 Battle of Neerwinden, siege of Charleroi 1694 Germany 1696 Italy, siege of Valenza 1697 Germany 1701 Italy; combat at Carpi & Chiari 1703 battle of Luzzara, expedition to Tyrol 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea & Verrua 1705 battle of Cassano 1706 battle of Turin 1707 Spain, battle of Almanza 1708 siege of Lerida & Tortosa 1709 Dauphiné 1710 Flanders 1712 battle of Denain Uniform 1692 Langallerie grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] 1702 Langallerie grey coat, red cuffs. [A2B]

Boucaut, Magnac Susane: 403 Tessin: 1671/6 Plate No. --1671 M. de Boucaut, 9 Aug. 1671 1676 Jules Arnolfini, comte de Magnac 1679 + 8 Aug. 1679, except mestre de camp 1688 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688. 1696/97? unknown mestre de camp Campaigns 1677 sieges of Valenciennes & Cambrai 1678 sieges of Gent & Ypres

131

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693

combat at Walcourt battle of Fleurus siege of Mons & combat at Leuze siege of Namur & battle of Steenkerk Germany

Uniform 1692 Magnac grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Quincy, Phelippeaux Susane: 477 1676 1683 1684

Tessin: 1676/1 Plate No. --Jacques-Ignace de Blondel, marquis de Quincy, 26 Jan. 1676 Raymond-Balthazar de Phelippeaux, 8 Dec. 1683 + 26 Sept. 1684 Î Léry-Girardin no. 451.

Campaigns 1676-77 Flanders; sieges of Bouchain, Aire, Valenciennes & Cambrai, relief of Charleroi 1678 capture of Gent, Ypres, Mons, battle of Saint-Denis 1684 siege of Luxemburg

Hennequin Susane: 486 Tessin: 1677/6 Plate No. --Raised 26 Jan. 1677 by N. Hennequin Campaigns 1678 battle of Saint-Denis 1691 siege of Mons, (M.d.C. +)

Des Fourneaux Susane: 493 1682 1693

Tessin: 1682/2 Plate No. --N. de Greffain des Fourneaux, 1 Oct. 1682 + M.d.C. resigned

Campaigns 1683 Roussillon 1684 siege of Gerona 1685-86 camp on the Adour 1688 Electorate of Cologne 1690 Moselle, winter in Alsace 1691 Italy, conquest of Savoy

Estrades, du Plessis, don Garo, Mérinville, Autanne Susane: 375 1667

Tessin: 1688/8 Plate No. --Godefroy, comte d’Estrades, end of 1667 as 6 companies at Hondscoote

132

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1668 1671 1679 1688 1691 1698 1701 1702 1706 1713

+ 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 M. du Plessis, 10 Aug. 1691 + 8 May 1698, except mestre de camp & comp. of Lt.Col. don Garo restablished 10 Feb. 1701 Chevalier de Mérineville, 10 Jan. 1702 (Dec. 1701) (also Mérinville) François Fournier, comte d’Autanne, 10 Sept. 1706 + 10 Nov. 1713 Î Gesvres no. 178

On 19.09.1704 the king gave the regiment of Mérinville to d’Autanne, lt. col. of the regiment of La Ferronays [Sourches IX] Campaigns 1672 Netherlands 1674 Franche-Comté, battle of Seneffe & combat at Mulhausen 1675 Flanders, Rhine , combat at Altenheim, Haguenau et Saverne 1676 Flanders 1677-78 Rhine 1691 Rhine, Italy 1692-94 coast of Bretagne 1695 coast of Aunis 1696 Moselle 1701 Germany 1702 battle of Friedlingen 1703-04 siege of Kehl; 1703 1st battle of Höchstädt 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1706 Alsace 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet, Arleux, Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg

Meré Susane: 392 Tessin: 1688/9 Plate No. --1667 M. de Meré, end of 1667 as 4 companies 1668 + 24 May 1668, except mestre de camp. 1671 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671, 6 companies 1674 Chevalier de Courcelles. 1679 + 8 Aug. 1679 1688 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688. 1691 Camille de Champlain, 31 July 1691, commander de Courcelles (s. no.454) 1693 M. de Vienne, 1 Nov. 1693 1694 Abraham-Antoine de la Fitte de Pelleport, 10 Feb. 1694 1698 + 13 Feb. 1698 except mestre de camp 1701 reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 1709 Therese Hardouin de Morel, Marquis de Puttange, 4 June 1709 1713 + 10 Nov. 1713 Î Monteil, later Royal-Pologne On 15.11.1693 it was known that the king had given de Vienne, lt. col. of the regiment d’Anjou, permission to buy the regiment of Courcelles. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1667 army of Monsieur 1672 Holland

133

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1673 1674 1691 1693 1695 1697 1701 1702 1702 1702 1706 1711

Brandenburg battle of Seneffe Italy Germany Meuse Flanders Flanders combat at Nijmegen Spain (end of year) combat at Eckeren?; Estremadure, Spain army of Catalonia Roussillon

Uniform 1692 Courcelles grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Saussay, Brionne, Montplaisir, Broglio, Verac, Montmorency, Marcillac-Vény Susane: 406 1671 1684 1684 1688 1692 1694 1704 1706 1708 1713? 1714

Tessin: 1688/11 Plate No. --Georges, comte du Saussay, 9 Aug. 1671 Comte de Brionne, 20 Feb. 1684 + 26 Sept. 1684 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Guillame Saulnier, marquis de Montplaisir, 1 Feb. 1692 François-Raymond-Felix, chevalier de Broglio, 10 Feb. 1694 Chevalier de Verac, 26 Oct. 1704 M. de Montmorency, Sept. 1706 M. de Marcillac-Vény, 28 Nov. 1708 Marquis de Noailles + Î Mestre de Camp général

On 01.02.1692 it became known that the Ct. de Brionne had sold his regiment to Montplaisir, lt. col. of the regiment d’Esclainvilliers. On 02.04.1694 the king gave the ensign position in his Gardes du Corps, vacant due to the death of de Lucé, to Monplaisir, to the great regret of Daubiaye who was the first exempt of the compagnie de Luxembourg. It is true that the king had offered him the regiment of Montplaisir, but he would not leave the Gardes du Corps at all which obliged the king to promise him the first brigade to become vacant and at the same time to give Montplaisir his regiment to sell to recompense him for his own which was run down, which caused a lot of people to ask the king for permission to buy the regiment. On 04.04.1694 the Chevalier de Broglie received the regiment of Montplaisir and Frontenay that of Glizy. On 09.09.1706 at Castiglione the Chevalier de Verac died (a gentleman of Poitou whose father was Cordon Bleu [member of the order St.Ésprit] and lt. general of his province, his brother had still the same rank and was a brigadier of dragoons). On 22.09.1706 the king gave the regiment of Chevalier de Vérac to the Chevalier de Montmorency, captain of carabiniers. [Sourches] Campaigns 1672 Holland 1673 expedition under Turenne into Brandenburg 1674 Roussillon 1676 Guyenne 1677 Catalonia 1684 siege of Luxemburg 1689 Rhine 1701 Rhine 1702 Italy; battle of Luzzara, combat at Guastalla & Borgoforte 1703 combats at Castelnuovo & San Sebastiano 1704 capture of Vercelli & Ivrea 1706 Italy; battle of Castiglione delle Stiviere

134

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Bellegarde, Melun, Gand Susane: 496 1688 1693 1703 1714

Tessin: 1688/17 Plate No. --M. de Bellegarde, 20 Aug. 1688 M. de Melun Louis Gabriel de Melun, vicomte de Gand, (his brother) + 14 Aug. 1714 Î Royal.

31.10.1693 the king allowed the Chevalier du Rozel (1689/9) and Bellegarde to sell their regiments which was a great relief to them. On 11.11.1693 we learned that Bellegarde who had been named as one of the first MdCs of the Carabiniers, had thanked the king for this post, quitted the service because of ill health and had sold his regiment. On 15.11.1693 it was heard that the king had given du Lattier the agreement to buy the regiment of Bellegarde. (Susane does not mention a MdC of this name so it is possible that the transaction did not take place.) [Sourches] Campaigns 1689 Rhine 1691 Moselle 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1695 siege of Tongres; bombardment of Brussels 1696 Rhine 1701 Italy, combats at Carpi & Chiari 1702 defense of Cremona, battle of Luzzara 1703 combats at Santa Vittoria & San Benedetto 1704 sieges of Vercelli, Ivrea, Verrua 1705 battle of Cassano 1706 battle of Castiglione & Turin 1707 Dauphiné 1708 Rhine, Flanders 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet 1712 battle of Denain, recapture of Douai, Le Quesnoy & Bouchain 1713 camp on the lower Meuse

Richelieu, d’Auriac, Coulanges, Saint Phal Susane: 499 Tessin: 1688/20 Plate No. --1688 N. de Richelieu, 20 Aug. 1688, (also known as d’Auriac, after the lieutenant-colonel) 1696 d’Auriac, 3 Jan. 1696 1698 + except mestre de camp 1701 reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 1704 M. de Coulanges, 26 Nov. 1704 1706 Coulanges Saint-Phal, (his son), 22 Sept. 1706 1713 + (See also no. 537 Doria, probably the same regiment). On 10.02.1690 we heard that the Marquis de Richelieu intended selling his regiment and that the king had given permission to Dauriac, lt. col. in the regiment of Prince Camille de Lorraine, to buy it. Since then the king has given fewer lt. cols. permission to buy the regiments in which they serve. On 22.09.1706 the king gave the regiment of Coulanges, who was killed at Turin, to his brother. [Sourches] Campaigns 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691-94 coast of Flanders 1695 capture of Tongres; bombardment of Brussels 1701 Rhine

135

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1703 battle of Speyerbach, Mestre de Camp d’Auriac + 1704 Italy 1705 Cassano 1706 Italy; Army of Lombardie 1707 Rhine 1708-13 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenarde 1709 Malplaquet 1712 sieges of Le Quesnoy & Douai. Uniform 1692 Doria grey coat; red cuffs. [A1B] (the reference “devant Richelieu” makes it probably this regiment)

Molac, Monterevel Susane: 501 1688 1698 1700 1701 1704 1713

Tessin: 1688/22 Plate No. --N. de Molac, 20 Aug. 1688 + except mestre de camp N. La Baume, chevalier de Montrevel, (only M.d.C.) reestablished as N. La Baume, 10 Feb. 1701 Melchior-Esprit de la Baume, comte de Montrevel, 3 June 1704 + 10 Nov. 1713 Î Marcillac no. 355, of which Montrevel became Mestre de Camp.

Campaigns 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691 Italy 1695 Flanders 1696 Italy, siege of Valenza Po 1697 Flanders; siege of Ath 1701 Rhine 1703 1st battle of Höchstädt 1704 2nd battle of Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1705 Alsace 1706 Swabia & Franconia 1712 occupation of Sarrebourg & Phalsbourg 1713 siege of Landau & Freiburg Uniform Unknown Standards Unknown

Saint-Mauris, Lessart, Parabère Susane: 504 1688 1696 1698 1701 1703 1713

Tessin: 1688/24 Plate No. --Charles-César, Marquis de Saint-Mauris, 20 Aug. 1688 César Emmanuel Colin de Lessart, 8 Jan. 1696 + 18 Nov. 1698, except mestre de camp & Lt. Col. de Sorrans. reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 by M. de Saint-Mauris Comte de Parabère, (or earlier than 1703) + Î Beringhen no. 364

Campaigns

136

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1690 1691 1693 1696 1697

Italy; conquest of Savoy, battle of La Staffarda conquest of county of Nice battle of La Marsaglia Italy, siege of Valenza Po Moselle

Uniform 1692 St Maurice grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Le Gall, Choiseul, Sève Susane: 510 1688 1702 1702 1714

Tessin: 1688/29 Plate No. --Renè François Baron de Le Gall, 20 Aug. 1688 Chevalier de Sève, 29 July 1702 Comte de Choiseul, 18 Oct. 1702 (son of Villars) + Î Royal-Roussillon.

Campaigns 1689 Roussillon 1690 actions at Saint-Juan de las Badesas & de Ripouilles, blocade of Gerona 1691 capture of Urgell, relief of Prats de Mollo 1694-95 battle of Le Ter, actions at Palamos, Girone, Hostalrich, Castelfollit 1696 combat at Hostalrich 1697 siege of Barcelona; combat at San Feliu 1701 Italy, combats at Carpi & Chiari 1702 Flanders & Germany; battle of Friedlingen, M.d.C. Sève + 1703-13 Flanders & Rhine 1707 Oct. combat at Offenburg Arms of Choiseul: blue with a gold cross, in the cantons 18 gold billets, 5 in the upper and 4 in the lower cantons.

Catheux Susane: 305 1655 1660 1667 1668 1671 1675 1696 1698

Tessin: 1688/30 Plate No. --M. de Catheux Jan. 1655 + except Mtre. de camp, 20 July 1660 reestablished 8 July 1667 + except Mtre. de camp, 24 May 1668 reestablished 9 Aug. 1671 Louis, comte de Harlus-Vertilly 29 Aug. 1675 Jean-François de la Bastide, marquis de Chateaumorand 8 Jan. 1696 + 13 Feb. & 27 Mar. 1698

Campaigns 1667 sieges of Tournai, Douai, Lille, winter at Bourbourg. 1672 Netherlands 1673 siege of Maastricht, into Germany 1674 combats at Sinsheim, Ensheim & Muhlhausen 1675 combats at Turkheim & Altenheim; actions at Saverne et Haguenau 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 capture of Kehl & Lichtemberg, into Flanders; sieges of Gent & Ypres 1679 Germany; combat at Minden 1688 Camp at Florainville

137

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1689 1691 1692 1693 1694

Germany siege of Mons, returned to Rhine siege of Namur coast of Brittany Rhine

Uniform 1692 Garluf grey coat, red cuffs(=Harlus?) [A1B]

Hocquincourt , Pracomtal, Aubeterre, Champlain Susane: 436 Tessin: 1688/32 Plate No. --1673 Georges de Monchy, marquis d’Hocquincourt, 10 Dec. 1673 1677 Armand, marquis de Pracomtal, 11 Mar. 1677 1679 + 8 Aug. 1679 except mestre de camp 1688 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 1693 Comte d’Aubeterre52. 30 Mar. 1693 1694 Camille de Champlain, 25 Oct. 1694 1698 + 30 Jan. 1698.(or incorporated into Courlandon n° 532. 31.03.1693 the king allowed the regiment of Pracomtal to go to the Marquis d’Aubeterre. On 20.10.1694 we heard of the death of the Chevalier du Mesnil, who commanded the first brigade of Carabiniers (1693/1) which was also given to the Marquis d’Aubeterre, MdC. On 07.05.1695 Chamlim (sic) who was chosen as lt. col. of one of the brigades of the regiment of Carabiniers, did not please the Duc du Maine who, to increase the honour of this regiment, procured for him the regiment of the Marquis d’Aubeterre, while he gave the Marquis the brigade of Carbiniers vacated by the death of the Chevalier du Mesnil. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1678 army of Monsieur, battle of Cassel, capture of St Omer; sieges of Gent & Ypres. 1689 camp at Florainville, Rhine 1690 Moselle 1691 Flanders 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden Uniform 1692 Pracontal grey coat, cuffs red. [A1B]

Villepion, Chastillon Susane: 489 1677 1678 1679 1688 1696 1698

Tessin: 1688/33 Plate No. --Claude-Léon Cornuel de Villepion, 17 May 1677 reorganised 7 Jan. 1678 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Léandre-Auguste de Moyria, marquis de Chastillon, 8 Feb. 1696 + 13 Feb. 1698, except comp. of Lt.Col. La Tremblaye.

On 25.08.1689 in the combat at Bossu were 3 squadrons of the regiments of Bezons (?) and de Villepion who were only new regiments. [Sourches III] Campaigns 52

Mestre de camp des Carabiniers in October 1694

138

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1678 Flanders; sieges of Gent & Ypres; battle of Saint-Denis 1679 Germany; combat at Minden 1689-90 Flanders; battle of Fleurus 1691 Germany 1693 Italy, battle of La Marsaglia, blocade of Casale 1697 Meuse

Mérinville, Crussol comte d’Uzès Susane: 503 1688 1697 1698

Tessin: 1688/34 Plate No. --M. de Mérinville, 20 Aug. 1688 François Charles de Crussol comte d’Uzès, 15 Mar. 1697 + 13 Feb. 1698, except company of Lt. Col. Saint Victor, no further records

On 01.03.1697 one heard that the Ct. d’Uzès had bought the regiment of the Ct. de Mérinville who received the honour of serving on as a brigadier from the king. On 17.02.1698 we heard of the death of de Bercourt, brigadier de cavalerie, whose regiment the Marquis de Barbézieux immediately took for his brother-in-law, the Ct. d’Uzès, whose regiment had been dissolved. [Sourches] Campaigns 1688 Flanders 1691 very distinguished in the combat at Leuze 1694 Germany Uniform 1692 Merinville grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Sailly Susane: 517 1688 1698

Tessin: 1688/35 Plate No. --Aymard-Louis, marquis de Sailly, 20 Aug. 1688 + 23 Dec. 1698.

Campaigns 1690 Italy; Savoy, battle of Staffarda 1691 conquest of Nice 1692 Flanders, siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 battle of Neerwinden 1694 Moselle & Rhine 1696 Italy, siege of Valenza Po 1697 Flanders, siege of Ath

Castries Susane: 495 1688 1706

Tessin: 1688/36 Plate No. --N. de La Croix de Castries, 20 Aug. 1688 +

Note that this regiment is not listed amoung the official regiments of cavalry and could have been a mixed freecorps of partisans.

139

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 On 18.04.1695 one hears that the Marquis de Castries has sold his regiment to the Marquis de Morangé, captain of Carabiniers. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1688 camp at Florainville 1689 Palatinate 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 siege of Namur, battle of Steenkerk 1693 siege of Charleroi; battle of Neerwinden 1697 Meuse

Mesnil-Montauban, Laffite de Pellepor, Vienne, Champlain Susane: 454 1674 1674 1679 1688 1690 1691 1693

Tessin: 1688/38 Plate No. --M. de Mesnil-Montauban, 25 Mar. 1674 N. de Laffitte de Pelleport, 23 Aug. 1674 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688. M de Vienne Camille de Champlain, commandeur de Courcelles, 30 July 1691 + M.d.C. resigned

Campaigns 1674 battle of Seneffe 1675 combats at Altenheim, Haguenau, Saverne 1676 combat at Kokersberg 1677 defeat of Prince Charles, siege of Freiburg 1678 actions at Rheinfelden, Seckingen, Kinzig, Kehl, Lichtenberg 1679 combat at Minden 1688 Alps 1690 conquest of Savoy, battle of Staffarda 1691 Conquest of Nice 1693 Rhine & Moselle Uniform 1692 Pelleport grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Montberon, Noailles Susane: 466 1674 1677 1679 1688 1693

Tessin: 1688/39 Plate No. --François, Comte de Montberon de Tourvoye, 9 Dec. 1674 Jean-François, Marquis de Noailles, 25 Feb. 1677 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 + Î Duc de Noailles, later Noailles-dragons.

On 14.12.1694 we heard that the Marquis de Clos, a gentleman of Bretagne, may buy the regiment of Marquis de Noailles, which he doesn’t require anymore because he has become MdC. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1675-77 Flanders & Rhine, siege of Freiburg 1678 Flanders; sieges of Gent & Ypres; battle of Saint-Denis 1688 Roussillon

140

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1689 1690 1691

capture of Campredon & Ribes blocaded of Gerona capture of Urgell, relief of Prats de Mollo

Béthune, Aubeterre Susane: 475 1676 1679 1688 1689 1693

Tessin: 1688/40 Plate No. --comte de Béthune, 8 Jan. 1676 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Dec. 1688 Comte d’Aubeterre, 15 Jan. 1689 + 30 Mar. 1693 Î new regt. of d’Aubeterre, no. 436

Campaigns 1689 Flanders; combat at Walcourt 1692 battle of Steenkerk

Sanzay, Chastillon Susane: 407 1671 1675 1679 1688 1692

Tessin: 1688/41 Plate No. --M. de Sanzay, 9 Aug. 1671, 6 companies N. de Chastillon, 29 Aug. 1675 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 Î ??

On 16.12.1692 the Ct. de Châtillon, MdC, met the Marquis de Barbézieux and asked him to request the king to make him a maréchal de camp and, for the case that the king should not grant him this favour, he requested demission from his regiment. The Marquis de Barbézieux told the king what the Ct. de Châtillon had said and the king ordered his demission. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1672 army of Turenne 1675 battle of Consaarbrück, (mestre de camp +) 1677 siege of Freiburg 1678 Roussillon, siege of Puycerda 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus 1692 Moselle.

Gesvres Susane: 469 1675 1679 1688 1690 1691

Tessin: 1675/1, 1688/42 Plate No. --N. Potier de Gesvres, 3 Feb. 1675 + 8 Aug. 1679 reestablished 20 Aug. 1688 wiped out near Mainz by imperial hussars + 7 Mar. 1691.

On 26.02.1691 the Marquis de Gesvres received permission to sell his regiment and sold it to Sousternon (1691/1) lt. col. in the regiment of Villeroy. [Sourches III]

141

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Campaigns 1689 Rhine 1690 combat at Mainz

Quadt, Landscron Susane: 506 1688 1693 1698

Tessin: 1688/43 Plate No. --M. Quadt de Landscron, 20 July 1688 Guillaume-Henri de Quadt de Landscron, (his son) + 18 Nov. 1698 in Flanders

Campaigns 1688-89 conquest of the Palatine 1690 Flanders; battle of Fleurus 1691 siege of Mons, combat at Leuze 1692 sieges of Namur & Charleroi, battle of Steenkerk 1693 siege of Huy, battle of Neerwinden Uniform 1692 Quadt grey coat; red cuffs.[A1B]

Manderscheidt Susane: 511 1688 1698

Tessin: 1688/44 Plate No. --Charles-François-Louis, comte de Manderscheidt-Kayl, 20 Aug. 1688 + 23 Dec. 1698 except comp. of Lt. Col. de Watronville.

Campaigns 1689 Rhine 1691 Italy 1693 Flanders, battle of Neerwinden

Du Bray, Horn, Meuse, Vignau, Vaudremont Susane: 524 1689 1691 1692 1698 1701 1702 1703 ???? 1713

Tessin: 1689/3 Plate No. --M. du Bray, 25 Oct. 1689 + 22 Aug. 1691 Philippe-Maximilien, Comte de Horn, 6 May 1692, from 6 comp. of du Bray + 13 Feb. 1698, except mestre de camp reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 N. de Choiseul, Marquis de Meuse, 23 Dec. 1702 M. du Vignau M. de Vaudremont + Î Vaudray no. 446.

On 06.05.1698 about 20 of the most recent 50 infantry regiments were disbanded. Several cavalry regiments faced the same fate, even the regiments of brigaders, and the king reformed the cavalry without observing either the rank nor age but only following his taste. At first it was three cassated ones, that of the Ct. d’Horn (1689/3), that of d’Auriac (1688/20), and that of Commandeur du Forsat (1672/3); one could name others but the reform was suspended. On 26.05.1698 the king gave a pension of 6000 livres to the Ct. d’Horn, brigadier of cavalry, to console him on the reform of his regiment. [Sourches VI]

142

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Campaigns 1692-97 Flanders et Germany 1701 Flanders 1702 combat at Nijmegen 1703 siege of Landau, combats at Eckeren & Speyerbach (M.d.C. de Meuse +) 1704-12 Germany; distinguished at Belfort in 1712

Bachevilliers, d’Esseville, Cerisy Susane: 522 1689 1692 1693 169? 1698

Tessin: 1689/10 Plate No. --Adolphe de Gaudechard, marquis de Bachevilliers, 27 Sept. 1689 Alexandre de Gaudechard, comte d’Esseville, 26 June 1692 (his brother) M. de Cerisy, 13 Nov. 1693 M.d.C. unknown + Î de Vandeul no. 487

On 18.11.1693 the king named the officers of his Gardes du Corps. As enseigne for the position made vacant in the company of Noailles by the promotion of La Motte to lieutenant in place of the Ct. de Ligneris, the king gave the position to Lesseville-Bachivilliers, MdC. His Majesty also gave the regiment of Lesseville to Cerisy, lt. col. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1690 Roussillon 1691 actions at Espouilles, Gerona, Urgell, Prats de Mollo 1693 siege of Roses, Italy, battle of la Marsaglia

Coislin, Sully Susane: 528 (s. no. 536) Tessin: 1689/12 1689 M. de Coislin, 25 Oct. 1689 1691 M. de Sully 1698 + except Lt. Col. de La Terrade.

Plate No.---

On 08.02.1693 the Chevalier de Sully was allowed to buy the regiment of Marquis de Coislin, although the king does not give this sort of permission to lt. colonels. He paid 22 500 livres followed by a tax which the king imposed. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1690 Flanders; battle of Fleurus

Souastre Susane: 530 1689 1694 1698

Tessin: 1689/13 Plate No. --Souastre? mentioned in offical lists. +

On 28.12.1696 one heard that the Ct. d’Egmont was buying the regiment of Souastre. [Sourches V] Susanne gives a different order: 1689/11 Presle Î 1697 Egmont ; 1689/13 Souastre Î + 1698

143

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Uniform 1692 Souastre grey coat, cuffs blue. [A1B]

Montrevel Susane: 545 Tessin: 1689/14 Plate No. --Appears on the list of 1691. In 1693 it was given to another member of the same family. Disbanded 1698. On 24.11.1693 the king sent the chevalier de Montrevel (brother of the late Ct. de Montrevel, who was killed at Neerwinden, and whose regiment he had taken over) to the Bastille for having refused to take a cornet who had the king’s brevet into his regiment. On 28.03.1690 the king had ordered those brigadiers who had been mestres de camp to give up their regiments. M. de Villequier had permission to buy one of the best (1672/2) and all the others were obliged to sell theirs to their lieutenant-colonels. Maréchal d’Humières sold his too (1688/2) to M. de Mauroy who had been lt. col. in another regiment and was a great gambler (it was he who made it known at court and procured the permission) and the Chevalier de Xaintrailles sold that of to M. le Duc (1665/12), who commanded it, to the Marquis de la Chapelle-Balon. [Sourches] Uniform 1692 Montrevel grey coat, red cuff. [A1B]

Saint-Jean Susane: 529 Tessin: 1689/15 Plate No. --Raised 1689 by M. de Saint-Jean.

L’Isle du Vigier, Clermont-Tonnerre Susane: 573 Tessin: 1693/2 Plate No. --1693 M. de Lisle du Vigier, 30 Mar. 1693 1698 + except mestre de camp 1701 reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 1709 Gaspard, marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre et de Vauvillars, 30 Apr. 1709 According to Les Invalides [acte 8042-16438-7948b-23484] it is the same regiment as Locmaria, Tessin 1665/24, Susane No. 155. On 31.03.1693 the king gave permission for a regiment of cavalry to de l’Isle, captain of carabiniers in the regiment of Vivans. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1693 Rhine 1704 2nd Höchstädt (Blenheim) 1709-12 Flanders 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 combat at Arleux, battle of Denain, recapture of Douai, Le Quesnoy, Bouchain.

Cossé (Brissac) Susane: 574 1696

Tessin: 1696/1 N. de Cossé

Plate No. ---

144

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1700

N. de Brissac

Appears on a list of 1696 and following ones. Took the name de Brissac from 1700 to 1701. No longer appears under this name in a control of the regiments on foot on 1 June 1714 to 1 Apr. 1715. However in the list of regiments of cavalry disbanded after the Peace of Rastatt one finds a Brissac incorporated into Villeroy. 1704 2nd Höchstädt /Blenheim Uniforms unknown Arms of the Maison de Cossé (duc de Brissac) : black with 3 gold saws toothed at the bottom. Livery de Brissac: coat yellow, black and silver ; yellow lined black. [Beneton de Moranges]

Desclos (Du Clos), du Palais Susane: 575 1696 1706 1714

Tessin: 1696/2 Plate No. --N. de Desclos or Du Clos M. de Rivoire, marquis du Palais, 24 Oct. 1706 + 15 Aug. 1714 Î Duc du Maine, Comte de Toulouse later Archiac no. 353 and Penthièvredragoons. It is mentioned on a list of 1696 and in the following. The files on Les Invalides mention it as « du Clos ci-devant Maillet ».

Campaigns 1701-06 Italy, Piedmont 1706 battle of Turin, M.d.C. Desclos + 1707 Savoy & Dauphiné 1709 Flanders, battle of Malplaquet; garrison in Saint-Omer 1711 Germany; winter in Verdun 1712 Germany

Montfort Susane: 576 Tessin 1702/2 Plate No. --listed on an état of 1 June 1704 1711 + May 1711 Î Noailles Campaigns 1704 Roussillon

Cayeux, Verthamont Susane: 588 1705 1711 1714

Tessin 1705/2 Plate No. --Jean-Joachim Rouhault, comte de Cayeux, 20 Nov. 1705 M. de Verthamont, 19 May 1711 + 15 Aug. 1714 Î La Tour no. 415

Campaigns 1706-10 Flanders 1706 battle of Ramillies 1708 Oudenaarde 1709 Malplaquet

145

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1712 1713

battle of Denain, recapture of Douai & Le Quesnoy Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg

Du Luc Susane: 589 1705 1713

Tessin 1705/3 Plate No. --Gaspard-Madelon-Hubert de Vintimille, marquis du Luc, 22 Nov. 1705 + 10 Nov. 1713 et incorporé dans Flesché devenu Royal-Lorraine.

Campaigns 1706 Italy, battle of Turin 1707 Dauphiné 1710 Rhine

Du Châtelet-Clefmont Susane: 591 1705 1713

Tessin 1705/5 Plate No. --François-Bernardin, marquis de Châtelet-Clefmont, 24 Nov. 1705 + 10 Nov. 1713 Î Germinon no. 433.

Campaigns 1706 Rhine 1707 Flanders 1708 battle of Oudenaarde 1708 Rhine 1713 Rhine, sieges of Landau & Freiburg

Gacé, Matignon Susane: 594 1705 1707 1714

Tessin 1705/6 Plate No. --Louis-Jean-Baptiste de Goyon-Matignon, Comte de Gacé, 20 Nov. 1705 Marquis de Matignon, Jan. 1707, (his brother) + Î Dauphin-étranger no. 453

Campaigns 1706 Flanders 1713 Germany

Montgon, La Coste du Plantier, Beaucaire Susane: 597 1705 ???? ???? 1714

Tessin 1705/9 Plate No. --M. de Montgon, 27 Nov. 1705 La Coste du Plantier Beaucaire + Î Lambesc-cavalerie no. 246.

Campaigns Savoy, Dauphiné, Flanders, Rhine .

146

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Du Bourdet, Saint-Phal Susane: 599 1705 ???? 1713

Tessin 1705/11 Plate No. --N. de Cugnac du Bourdet, 6 Dec. 1705 Saint-Phal + Î Roye n° 532.

Campaigns Service unknown.

Flanders (Espagnol) Susane: 604 1695 1709 1714

Tessin 1709/1 Plate No. --formed in Catalonia (Walloons) Flanders, Nov. 1709, M. de Saa, M.d.C. Î Spain

After the loss of the battle of Turin in 1706 Louis XIV took several Milanese Spanish regiments into his service (and in 1709-11 also those of the Spanish army in Flanders). Most went back to Spanish service between 1711 and 1714. Campaigns 1702-06 Italy 1707 Flanders 1713-14 Germany 1713 sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1701 blue coat, cuffs grey-white

Brabant (Espagnol) Susane: 605 1695 1709 ???? 1714

Tessin 1709/2 Plate No. --formed in Catalonia (Walloons) Flanders, Nov. 1709, M. de Cardenas, M.d.C. M. de Pimentel Î Spain

Campaigns 1702-06 Italy 1707-12 Flanders, Germany 1713-14 Germany, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniform 1701 coat grey-white, cuffs blue.

147

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 De Puyg (=Dupuis Espagnol) Susane: 606 1705 1709 1714

Tessin 1709/3 Plate No. --? de Puyg (Walloon) Du Puis, in French service Î Spain

Campaigns 1705-14 Flanders & Germany.

Longueval, Geoffreville, Tarente, Bellefonds, Montauban Susane: 518 1689 1689 1698 1701 1703 1705 1710 1713

Tessin: 1689/? Plate No. --M. de Longueval, 1 Jan. 1689 François Le Danois, Marquis de Geoffreville, 29 Nov. 1689 + 23 Dec. 1698 except comp. of mestre de camp & Lt.Col. de Cavaudon. reestablished 10 Feb. 1701. Charles-Louis Bretagne de La Trémouille, Prince de Tarente, 14 Jan. 1703 Marquis de Bellefonds, 4 Feb. 1705 [Dec. 1704 53] M. de Montauban + Î Villepreux no. 440

Campaigns 1690 Italy, Savoy, battle of Staffarda 1691 conquest of Nice 1693 battle of La Marsaglia 1696 Italy; siege of Valenza Po 1697 Meuse 1701 Flanders 1702 combat at Nijmegen 1703 combat at Eckeren 1705 army of Flanders; army of la Moselle

Prince Paul (de Lorraine), Rozel, Saint-Simon Susane: 520 1689 1693 1693 1698

Tessin: 1689/9 Plate No. --Prince Paul de Lorraine, 1 Jan. 1689 François chevalier de Rozel Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, 1 Nov. 1693 + 27 Mar. 1698 except comp. of Lt.Col. de Maisonthiers.

On 28.08.1693 the king gave the regiment of Prince Paul, vacant after Neerwinden, to the Chevalier du Rozel. On 31.10.1693 the king allowed du Rozel and Bellegarde (1688/17) to sell their regiments, a great relief to them. On 15.11.1693 one heard that the king allowed the Duc de Saint-Simon to buy the regiment of Chevalier de Rozel. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1689 Flanders 1693 battle of Neerwinden 1694 Rhine

53

Dangeau

148

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Maure (Sainte-Maure) Susane: 533 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --Nothing is known of this unit but the mention in the Tiroirs de Louis XIV.(Mauroy?)

Narbonne Susane: 534 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --Nothing is known of this unit but the mention in the Tiroirs de Louis XIV.

Lestoile Susane: 535 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --Mentioned in the l’Etat de 1692. No other details are known. (L’Isle?) Uniform 1692 L’Estoile grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Suilly Susane: 536 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --Mentioned in the l’Etat de 1692. No other details are known. Uniform 1692 Suilly grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B] (or is it Sully? Susane: 528: Coislin ) Campaigns 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus

Doria, Auriac, Coulanges, Saint Phal Susane: 537 Tessin: 1688/? Plate No. --1688 N. de Richelieu, 20 Aug. 1688. Usually commanded by Lt.Col. d’Auriac (= Doria?) 1696 Lt.Col. d’Auriac, 3 Jan. 1696 1698 + except mestre de camp. 1701 reestablished 10 Feb. 1701 1704 M. de Coulanges, 26 Nov. 1704 1706 Coulanges Saint-Phal, 22 Sept. 1706 (his son) 1713 + (See also Tessin no. 1688/20, Susane 499, above, probably the same regiment).

Campaigns 1690 Flanders, battle of Fleurus

149

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1691-94 Coast of Flanders 1695 capture of Tongres; bombardment of Brussels 1701 Rhine 1705 Italy, battle of Cassano 1706 Italy; army of Lombardy 1707 Rhine 1708 Flanders, battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1712 sieges of Douai & Le Quesnoy. Uniform 1692 Doria grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Langallerie 2.e Susane: 538 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --This unit is unknown except for the mention in the note on uniforms handwritten by Louis XIV

Chastelet 2.e Susane: 539 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --This unit is unknown except for the mention in the note on uniforms handwritten by Louis XIV

Trasant Susane: 540 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --This unit is unknown except for the mention in the note on uniforms handwritten by Louis XIV

Royal-Allemand 2.e Susane: 541 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --This unit is unknown except for the mention in the note on uniforms handwritten by Louis XIV

Quadt 2.e Susane: 542 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --This unit is unknown except for the mention in the note on uniforms handwritten by Louis XIV

Grands-Royaux Susane: 543 Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --This unit is unknown except for the mention in the note on uniforms handwritten by Louis XIV The title would seem to indicate an elite unit.

150

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Souternon, Pujols, Savine Susane: 569 1691 469 1692 1695 1698

Tessin: 1691/1 Plate No. --Antoine d’Aix de la Chèze, Ct. de Souternon, 7 Mar. 1691 in Germany from debris of Gevres no. M. de Pujol(s) Antoine de la Font, marquis de Savine, May 169554 + except comp. of Lt.Col. de Clermont.

On 31.10.1693 the king chose the Ct. de Sousternon to command the regiment of the Ct. de Toulouse in quality of MdC (1674/2), giving Pujols, who had commanded it, the regiment of Sousternon. On 07.05.1695 one heard that the king had given Savine, a captain of Carabiniers, permission to sell the company of the Chevalier d’Estampes, of the same regiment, since he had been chosen to enter the Carabiniers. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1691 Germany

La Reine d’Angleterre Cavalerie Susane: 570bis Tessin: 16??/? Plate No. --1691 Colonel Pierce Butler, 3rd Lord Galmoy 1698 + Î Sheldon (no. 570 see above). This regiment was originally formed in 1684 as the Earl of Ossory’s and named after the consort of King James II. In 1686 it becam that of the Earl of Ardglass and in 1688 that of Galmoy. Campaigns 1693 Italy; battle of La Marsaglia (or was it the Dragons de La Reine?) Uniform 1688 in a report of the London Gazette of 27 Sept. 1688 the regiment was said to be clothed in light grey coats, lined red with brass buttons, hats laced with galoon55 and buff shoulder-belts. The regiment was armed with carbines pistols and swords.

Gardes du Roy d’Angleterre Susane: 570ter Tessin 16??/? Plate No. --Two companies of Guards of James II …. (Etat 1694) 1689 Formation commenced. After the arrival of James II in France each company had 200 maitres, the 1st Troop under Henry Jermyn Lord Dover and the 2nd under James Fitz-James Duc de Berwick. There is mention of a Troop de Grenadiers à cheval attachée, commanded by Colonel Butler. Campaigns ??

54 55

Dangeau Galloon was the name given to silk tape applied to edges and seams of clothing.

151

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Regiments not mentioned in Susane

Bezons-Bellieure 1692 or before? Bezons on the list of Louis XIV in 1692 1693 Chevalier de Bellieure, Apr. 1693 [Papal Archives Nunz Fiandra] On 31.03.1693 the king gave permission for the regiment of cavalry de Bezons to the Comte de la Tournelle, lt. col. in the regiment du Maine, and that for the regiment of Servon to the Chevalier de Balivières. [Sourches] Susane mentions the relationship but gives the order the other way round. Uniforms 1692 Bezons grey coat, red cuffs. [A1B]

Precontal, Robin Formed? Precontal 1693 Mr de Robin, Apr. 1693 [Papal Archives Nunz Fiandra]

Canisy, Coëtenfao, Roure Formed? N. de Canisy 1706 Chevalier de Coëtenfao, Mar. 1706 1706 Comte du Roure, May 1706 [Dangeau] (Was it an infantry regiment?)

De la Rare, Rassé 1701 1701

M de la Rare, (brother of de Mélac, Lieut-gen) + in Italy M de Rassé, Sept. 1701, previously Lt. Col. [Invalides]

Morbecq, Courlandon, Conflans, d’Anlézy M Morbecq or Courlandon? replaced by M. de Conflans56chevalier d’Anlézy, 1 Nov. 1704 (brother of the Marquis)57

Sillery, Catinat In December 1705 the Marquis de Sillery was brigadier and mestre de camp of a regiment of cavalry which served in Spain and which he bought from Maréchal de Catinat. (Possible mix-up with the infantry regiment ?)

56 57

Dangeau Dangeau

152

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Regiments (present in 1692) – not identified 1692

Enguien

grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Trian

grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Tilladet ?

grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Torsac ?

grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Fontenoy

grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Garluf

grey coat, red cuffs(Harlus? N° 305).

1692

Brienne (later Mansfelt) grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Pralin (Prasline? Presle ?) grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Bassy

grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Coalis

grey coat, red cuffs(Coislin No. 528 ?).

1692

Bartillat

grey coat, red cuffs.

1692

Hafrelce

grey coat; parements blue.

1692-1702

Courtandon

grey coat, red cuffs(Courlandon?).

1698

Monroy (Mauroy?) green. [Corfey]

white coat, red cuffs, hat ribbon white, hatlace silver, shoulder and sword knots

1702

Vivary

grey coat, red cuffs.

NB The État 1692 (A1B 1626) gives information for some uniforms (regiments or mestres de camp) which existed even some years before 1692. It also suffers from many misspellings, all of which makes identification of the regiments difficult.

Regiments mentioned in Invalides Files but not in Susane La Valliere Activity in the years 1693-1703 (= La Valliere, Susane 441, Tessin 1688/12) Fabert Activity years 1660? (=Fabert, Susane 248 + 1661) Murette Carcado (=Kercado, Susane 372 +1679) Almany Active before 1680 Luzerne (Invalides acte 17724) (=La Luzerne, Susane 396 +1679) St Loup (Invalides acte 17724) (=St. Loup, Susane 264, active before 1680)

153

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Sommery (Invalides acte 7984) (=Saumery, Susane 523, Tessin 1689/2) Joffreville (Invalides acte 7307) 1692 (=Geoffreville, Susane 518) Marinaulx (Invalides acte 7711) 1688-92 (=Marivault, Susane 479) Albret (Invalides acte 15437) 1673-1678 (=Albret, Susane 448 + ca. 1678) Reuty (Invalides acte 8269) 1674-1684 Chambelay (Invalides acte 8269) 1664-1674 Sambre (Invalides acte 20991) 1676-1688 Caramagne (Invalides acte 7986) 1670-1675 (=Caramany-Catalan, Susane 268?)

154

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Unidentified Standards The following standards were taken as trophies and documented but we have not been able to assign them to definite regiments. Those marked [Deane] were taken at Malplaquet by the British forces and described in the journal of J. M. Deane. The sun and motto “Nec pluribus impar” is always on the one side. The flags marked [Zeughaus] were taken by the Prussians and documented in „Trophäen des Preußischen Heeres“ by Gustav Lehmann 1898. See Plate 061 for illustrations. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

58

59

One White on one side and red on the other. The rising sunn on one side; on the other a silver tower whose foundation is beet against wth. waves, its top being in flames. Mottoes: Adversus urgentia duras: Thou wth.standest all oppositions. [Deane] One upon green satin. The rising sunn on one side, on the other 2 eagles soaring up to the sunn. Mottoes: In sanguin virtus: There is valour in blood. One upon green satin. The rising sun on one side; on the other a golden lyon rampant looking on a starr. Mottoes: Cum lumine robber: With light strength. One upon green satin. The rising sun on one side, on the other side maltase cross in silver. Mottoes: Noe mottoe. One upon yellow satin. The rising sunn on one side, on the other 3 eagles flying up towards the sunn. The mottoe worn out. A French standard, on the one side red and on the other blue taffeta embroidered with gold and silver, on the one side a golden sun, on the other a town into which a bomb is being thrown. 58 [Zeughaus] This was captured at Blenheim by either the Regiment of Horse Markgraf Philipp or Bayreuth. On red the front with the sun and royal motto, the back showing two birds with a motto on a ribbon “Sic Itur in Exosa” or more probably “Sic Iter Iderosa”. According to Anna Beek it came from Oudenaarde but the Europäisches Mercurius gave the source as Ramillies. [Charrié, Fouré] A red standard with the royal motto and sun on the front and on the reverse a white octagonal frame with a golden lion holding a flag standing on a green ground. Above it the motto “Qui Sagulatus”. According to Beek it was taken at Speyerbach. [Charrié, Fouré] A red standard with the royal motto on one side and the motto “Vigilans et audax” on the other. Below it an octagonal frame showing a cock on a meadow. This standard exists today in the Badisches Landesmuseum in Karlsruhe. Charrié assigns it to the regiment Vogüe which may have lost it at Minden. The only problem we have is that there is no link to explain how it got from Minden to Karlsruhe. It is together with a standard which belonged to guards of Prince Louis of Baden-Baden around 1700. Both standards are in excellent condition. A red damask standard with a small golden fringe around the edge. On both sides a gold embroidered sun with the motto “Nec pluribus impar”, a black iron point, the staff is set with an iron plate in the middle. [Zeughaus] 59

Nr. 40 Eine französischen Standarte, auf einer Seite roth und auf der andern blauen Taff mit Gold und Silber gestickt, auf der einen Seite eine goldne Sonne, auf der andern eine Stadt, worinnen eine Bombe geworfen wird. Nr. 53. Eine rothe Damast Standarte, um den Rand eine kleine goldene Franze auf jeder Seite eine von Gold gestickte Sonne mit der Überschrift: Nec pluribus impar, eine schwarze eiserne Spitze; die Stange ist in der Mitte mit eisernem Blech beschlagen.

155

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Hussars The trouble caused by Imperial hussars in the Nine Years War lead to demands to form similar units in French service. The first units were based on deserters and adventurers from the Austrian side. Examples were Corneberg/Kronenberg and Paldeàk.

Costume in general In the early days hussars were not so much dressed in uniform as in Hungarian national costume, only some of the upper garments being actually supplied by the owner. The headgear was the kutsma or the kalpak, either made of strong felt or cloth in the regimental colour, edged with fox or wolfskin.The crown was a long bag which hung down. The hair was cut short at the back and with one or two long pigtails at the sides, hanging down beside the ears together with a long Hungarian moustache. The dolman (dollmány), a tight short cloth jacket, was worn over the shirt and was closed with loops and oval buttons known as “olives” (vitézötes). Around the waist was worn the typical Hungarian knotted belt, to which the simple hussar attached his powder horn, scabbard and sabre The sabre was curved in the Turkish style with a double-sided blade of 72 – 84 cm and hung almost horizontally. The grip was made of birchwood with the spur of blade burnt into it and riveted in place. The carbine hung from a broad belt from the left shoulder to the right hip. The cartridge pouch hung from the same belt, while the water flask and knapsack hung over the right shoulder to the left hip. Two pistols on the saddle, occasionally a fokos or battleaxe attached to the saddle horn, completed the accoutrements. The breeches were also tight as were the leather boots. A peculiarity of their dress was the wearing of coloured cloth charivari or linen leg-coverings over the leather breeches to protect this on the march. Spurs were usually nailed into the low heels of the boots. The habit of wearing an animal skin over the shoulder was probably copied from the Turkish Dellis. At first, according to Delaistre up until 1721, a round cloak was worn by ordinary hussars with only officers wearing animal skins. It was only later that officers and then hussars began wearing the cloth, fur-lined pelisse. On 26th Feb. 1704 an ordonnance set the companies of hussars to 65 men as for the rest of the cavalry and ordered that they be dressed in uniform for which the king made 1000 livres per companies available. [SHAT A1-1780]

Kroneberg, Mortany, Verseilles hussards Susane: 571 Tessin: 1692/1, 1705/21 Plate No. 058A, 060A 1692 Baron de Kroneberg, Dec. 1692 1693 Jacques-André de Mortany, 19 Nov. 1693 1697 + 18 Dec. 1697 Î Royal-Allemand 1701 Lt. Col. Jacques Badier, Marquis de Verseilles, in charge of independent companies in army of Germany 1705 Jacques Badier, Marquis de Verseilles, 6 Nov. 1705, M.d.C. 1709 M. de Verseilles, 8 Jan. 1709, (his brother) 1716 + 17 May 1716 Î Rattsky no. 600 (mutinied and disolved on the way from Metz to Verdun) Baron Kroneberg or Cornberg, a German adventurer, talked his way into a commisson by claiming he would raise a regiment of hussars. Instead, he lost the money advanced for recruiting by gambling and was able to raise only two companies of rabble. At the end of 1693 he was removed from command and incarcerated in the Bastille, being expelled from France in 1697. Sourches: On 17.10.1692 the king resolved to raise a regiment of hussars and gave it to a German called Kornberg who had been lt. col. in the army of the Emperor. On 15.11.1693 it was known that the king had cassated Cornberg, MdC of hussars, for bad conduct, and had given him a pension of 2000 livres. The regiment was given to Mortains, lt. col. of the army of the Emperor, who had surrendered to the army of Monseigneur in the last campaign. [Sourches IV] Campaigns 1694 Flanders

156

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 1695-97 Meuse 1703 actions at Drusenheim & Stollhofen 1707 combat at Swäbisch Gemünd 1709-13 Flanders & Germany, sieges of Landau & Freiburg Uniforms In this case we are fortunate in having a portrait of Lt. Colonel Daremberg which gives us a very exact picture of a higher officer. The man is taken from the hussar illustrated in « Les Exercices de Mars » which can only show this regiment since it was the only one existing at the time. The other officer is taken from a contemporary illustration. Since the Imperial hussars at this stage wore something better described as a national dress rather than a uniform the discrepancies between the figures must not imply errors. The uniform on the plate of Verseilles is after an illustration in the Vinkhuizen Collection in N.Y. No source is given and it looks suspiciously similar to Rattsky. Standards It is interesting to note that the first hussar regiment raised in France received a standard modelled on those of the cavalerie légère. The reverse of the standard, which still exists at Notre-Dame de Tongres, is crimson with an image of a woman springing off a rock into a torrent with the motto PER ANGUSTA AD AUGUSTA. The front is unknown but probably had the sun in splendor with NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR.

Saint-Geniès, Rattsky hussards Susane: 600 Tessin 1705/15 Plate No. 059B 1701 Marquis de Saint Geniés (later Marquis de Navailles) 1706 taken into French pay 1707 George Bor, Baron de Rattsky, 14 Dec. 1707. The regiment was given to Louis XIV by the Bavarian Elector in the strength of a 140 men. György Ráttky or Rattsky had been in the Kurutzen army of Rákóczky before he came to France. Campaigns 1701-06 Rhine 1708 Flanders; battle of Oudenaarde 1709 battle of Malplaquet 1711-12 battle of Denain, recapture of Douai, Le Quesnoy 1713 Rhine, siege of Landau, combat at Worms Uniform 1721 Men: tall red caps edged with brown fur and decorated with heron feathers, blue dolman with white lace, yellow cord waistbelt with white barrels, red breeches, blue charavari, black boots, buff belts and straps, blue sabretache covers with white fleur-de-lys over a brown bag, blue saddlecloths with white fleur-de-lys in corners, fur covers on holsters, red cloaks, no pelisses. [Delaistre] Officers: same as men but with silver where the men have white lace and fleur-de-lys. Officers also wore animal skins (wolf- or bearskins, higher ranks with lions or exotic animals) over the left shoulder. Captains carried maces and some had a small silver ball hanging on a chain around the neck as a sign of nobility. They also had blue and yellow feathers on the caps. Horses were of any colour. All ranks were armed with the carbine. [Delaistre] Since Rattsky took over in 1707 we assume the uniform remained the same. 1730 Justeaucorps or pelisse of blue cloth, waistcoat, cloak & breeches of red cloth, red lining, cap scarlet decorated with marten fur lined with cloth, flat lace for facings of pelisses and waistcoat s, round lace (cord) for border and buttonlace, little round tin buttons, cartridge pouch and bandoleer of Russian leather and a bandoleer for the carbine, sattlecloth blue decorated with lace of goatshair and a fleur-de-lys aurore in the corners, black bootlet. [Lemau] 1738 justeaucorps or pelisse blue, waistcoat, cloak, breeches & lining red, cap of red cloth decorated with bearskin, little round tin buttons, flat & round laces for the buttons, cartridge and bandoleer of Russian leather and another for the carbine, saddlecloth blue with a fleur-de-lys aurore in the tip of the corners and black bootlets. [Lemau]

157

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Standards 1721 A small blue pennon with a forked tail and decorated only with the golden sun in its splendor. [Delaistre] 1730 6 blue silk standards, divided at the point with 3 fleurs-de-lys, embroidery and fringes gold. [Lemau] 1738 4 blue silk standards, divided at the point and fleurs-de-lys, embroidery and fringes gold following the royal ordinances of 1737. [Lemau] 1740 4 blue silk standards divided at the tips, sun and fleurs-de-lys, embroidered and fringed in gold. [Lemau]

Poldéak, Filtz, Montils hussards Susane: 601 Tessin 1706/1 Plate No. 060B 1706 Poldéak (Paul Deak), 12 free companies made up of Hungarian deserters from the Imperial army. (Poldéak went over to the enemy yielding the town of Casale at the end of September 1706) 1706 M. de Filtz, Nov. 1706 1707 N. de Montils 1709 + went into Spanish service Campaigns 1706 Italy 1707 Roussillon, M.d.C. de Filtz + 1709 Spain Uniform A portrait of Paul Deak shows him dressed in sky-blue. Standards 1700 yellow silk standards, divided at the point, embroidery and fringes gold. [Existing example in Turin]

158

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Royal Ordinances fixing the Rank of the Cavalry Regiments The following texts quote the original royal ordinances regulating the rank of the cavalry regiments. The first, from 1699, regulated the regiments then existant. The second, from 1701, regulates the rank of the regiments raised that year.

Ordonnance du Roy pour regler et fixer le rang des régiments de cavalerie Du premier mai 1699 De par le Roy Sa Majesté désirant fixer le rang des régiments de sa cavalerie suivant lur ancienneté, et que leur marche ne se réfère plus aux dates des commissions des maîtres de camp qui les commandent, Sa Majesté a ordonné & ordonne qu’à l’avenir après les régiments du Colonel-Général, du Mestre de Camp Général & du Commissaire Général de sa cavalerie, & après le régiment Royal, le régiment du Roy, le Royal Estranger, le régiment des Cuirassiers du Roy, son régiment des Cravattes, le Royal Roussillon, le Royal de Piedmont, le Royal Allemand, le Royal de Carabiniers, le régiment de la Reyne, celui de Monseigneur le Dauphin, le Régiment Estranger de Mondit Monseigneur, les régiments de Monseigneur le duc de Bourgogne, de Monseigneur le duc d’Anjou, de Monseigneur le duc de Berry & de Monseigneur le duc d’Orléans ; & ceux de Chartres, Condé, Bourbon, du Mayne & Toulouse ; les autres régiments de cavalerie, quoiqu’ils changent de Mestres de Camp, marcheront toujours dans le rang qui ensuit. Sçavoir le régiment de Souvré comme le plus ancien le premier, & puis ceux de Narbonne, de Villeroy, de Monsr le prince Camille de Lorraine, de Grignan, de Rohan, d’Egmont, Villequier, Vivans, la Tournelle, Talmont, Rennepont, Roquepine, Uzèz, Larrar, Ruffey, Cossé, Esclainvilliers, Duras, St Poüenges, Tournefort, La Ferronnaye, Vienne, Clermont, Imecourt, Du Bordage, Levy, Barentin, Wiltz, Desclos, Vandeüil, Bissy, + Sibourg Montperroux, Sibours, Villiers, Auvergne, Rosen, Langallerie, Courlandon, Broglie, Meleun, Mauroy, La Vallière, D’Ourches, Noailles, Legall, Furstemberg, Conflans & Sheldon; qu’aucun des dits régiments ne pourra sous tel pretexte que ce soit prétendre un autre rang que celui dans lequel il est cy-dessus nommé, qu’il ne pourra estre rien innové à l’avenir & que les Mestres de camp ne pourront se prévaloir de la marche des Régiments qu’ils commanderont, Sa Majesté entendant que sans exception ils commandent tous entre eux suivant les dates de leurs commissions de Mestre de camp, sans avoir égard au rang des régiments à la teste desquels ils se trouveront. MANDE ET ORDONNE SA MAJESTÉ à Monsr le Comte d’Auvergne, Colonel Général de sa cavalerie, de tenir la main à l’observation de la présente.

FAIT à Marly, le premier jour de may mil six cent quatre-vingt dix neuf. Signé Louis ; LE TELLIER Ordonnance du Roy pour faire mettre sur pied vingt régiments de cavalerie et régler leur rang du dix février 1701 […] Marivault, Cathulan, Lagny, Rassent, Duplessis, Vaillac, Ligondez, du Chastelet, Forsac, Jeoffreville, Fienne, D’Auriac, comte de Bissy, d’Horn, l’Isle du Vigier, Montrevel, Pelleport, Marnay, Alausis, Bar marcheront après les 73 anciens régiments qui sont présentement sur pied et dont Sa Majesté a réglé les rangs par son ordonnance du Premier May 1699 et entre eux suivant l’ancienneté des commissions des autres Maîtres de camp. Comme aussi que les 20 régiments conservent à l’avenir dans la cavalerie les rangs qu’ils y avaient ainsi pris, quoi qu’ils viennent à changer de commandant.

159

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

List of Plates Unit name Plate no. Development of Uniforms and Equipment 000 Gardes du Corps du Roi, Compagnie Écossoise, 001 A 001 B Gardes du Corps du Roi, 1er Compagnie Françoise 002 A Gardes du Corps du Roi, 2eme Compagnie Françoise 002 A Gardes du Corps du Roi, 2eme Compagnie Françoise Company of Grenadiers à cheval 002 B Gardes du Corps Gendarmes 003 A Gardes du Corps Chevaux-légers 003 B 004 A Mousquetaires (gris) 1er Compagnie 004 B Mousquetaires (noirs) 2eme Compagnie Gendarmerie 1st Company Gendarmes Écossois 005 A Gendarmerie 2nd Company Gendarmes Anglois 005 B Gendarmerie 3rd Company Gendarmes Bourguignons 006 A Gendarmerie 4th Company Gendarmes de Flandre 006 B Gendarmerie 5th Company Gendarmes de la Reine 007 A Gendarmerie 6th Company Chevau-Légers de la Reine 007 B Gendarmerie 7th Company Gendarmes de Monseigneur le Dauphin 008 A Gendarmerie 8th Company Chevaux-légers de Monseigneur le Dauphin 008 B Gendarmerie 9th Company Gendarmes de Bourgogne (Bretagne) 009 A Gendarmerie 10th Company Chevaux-légers de Bourgogne (Bretagne) 009 B Gendarmerie 11th Company Gendarmes d’Anjou (de Monsieur) 010 A Gendarmerie 12th Company Chevaux-légers d’Anjou (de Monsieur) 010 B Gendarmerie 13th Company Gendarmes de Berry (Artois) 011 A Gendarmerie 14th Company Chevaux-légers de Berry (Artois) 011 B Gendarmerie 15th Company Gendarmes d’Orléans 012 A Gendarmerie 16th Company Chevaux-légers d’Orléans 012 B Gendarmes Écossois, Gendarmes Anglois – back of standards 013 A Royal Susane: 5 Tessin: 1635/1 014 A Du Roi Susane: 18 Tessin: 1639/45 014 B Royal Étranger Susane: 326 Tessin: 1657/10 015 A Colonel Général Susane: 49 Tessin: 1665/1 015 B Mestre de Camp Général Susane: 68 Tessin: 1665/2 016 A Commissaire Général Susane: 129 Tessin: 1665/3 016 B Curassiers du Roi Susane: 53 Tessin: 1665/4 017 A Royal Roussillon Susane: 267 Tessin: 1665/5 017 B Ste-Ruth, Gournay, Cossé, Brissac, Monteils Susane: 421 Tessin: 1665/6 018 A La Reyne (La Reine) Susane: 107 Tessin: 1665/7 018 B Bourgogne, Bretagne Susane: 351 Tessin: 1665/8 019 A Anjou (Royal-Artois) Susane: 352 Tessin: 1665/9 019 B Orléans Susane: 3 Tessin: 1665/10 020 A Condé Susane: 6 Tessin: 1665/11 020 B Bourbon (Bourbon dragoons 1776) Susane: 167 Tessin: 1665/12 021 A Coulanges, du Maine, Saint-Simon Susane: 353 Tessin: 1665/14 021 B Conty, Humières, Villeroi, d’Alincourt Susane: 216 Tessin: 1665/13 022 A & B Gohas, Prince Camille, Lembescq, Beaucayre Susane: 246 Tessin: 1665/15 023 A Foucauld, Châlons, Gouffier, Egmont, Gesvres Susane: 178 Tessin: 1665/16 023 B 160

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Servon, La Tournelle, La Feuillade, Aubusson Thianges, Florensac, Grammont, Tarente Thury, Sainte-Livière, Beintz, Ruffey Mancini, Gamaches, La Ferronays Clermont-Saint Aignan, Bartillat, Lénoncourt Varennes, Rennepont Royal Cravattes Choiseul-Beaupré, Chartres, Clermont-Prince Tilladet, Souvré, Béringhen, Conti, du Rumain Valavoire, Vivans, Heudicourt, Lorraine, de Rozen Bouillon, Lumbres, Fiennes, Villiers, Croi Rosen Allemand Dauphin Bartillat, Narbonne, Du Tronc, Villars, Rohan Grignan, Brancas, de Flesché, Duc de Luynes Saint-Aignan, Rohan, St. Chamans, Vaudray Royal Piémont Königsmark, Royal Allemand Bezons, Balivière , d'Auneuil, Saint-Pouange Villequier, Montmain, Bacqueville, Latour Crillon, La Baume, Forsat Streef, Romainville, Wiltz, Anlezy, Marteville Roussillon, Berry Vaubrun, Montbas, Vienne, Germinon, Lorges Broglie, Levis, Novion, La Vaupaliere Penthièvre, Toulouse, Souternon, Gacé Chevalier-Duc, Roquepine, Sully, Vaudrey Saint-Sylvestre, Bercourt, d'Uzés, Marcillac Mélac, Larrard, Rassay, St. Germain-Beaupré Dauphin-étranger Villeneuve, Léry-Girardin, Bar, La Mothe, Joyeuse Massot, Fontaines Tallard, Duras, Villequier, Brissac Seyssac, Imécourt, Montauban, Fourbin, Chépy, Noailles (-duc) La Margelle, Tournefort, Livry, Bezons Vassé Lançon, Saint-Simon, du Bordage, Bouzols Givry, Courtebonne,Barentin, Villepreux Grutel, Fourquevaux, La Tour, de Pardaillan D’Aumont, la Vallière, la Fontaine Marivault, Vivans Saint-Christaud, Beaujeu Du Rozel, Anlézy, Villequier, Gouffier Fontet, Vandeuil, Cappy Sibourg, d'Espinchal, d'Elbeuf, La Bretauche Terrail, Bissy, d’Estaniol Cathulan, Savines, La Baume, La Boulaye, Alzeau Vandoeuvre, Puyguyon, Tracy, Rouvray, Tourotte Montpeyroux, Gramont, Maisonthiers Humières, Mauroy, Soucarrière, Villiers Montberon, Chatelet, La Billarderie, Braque 161

Susane: 262 Tessin: 1665/17 024 A Susane: 354 Tessin: 1665/18 024 B Susane: 355 Tessin: 1665/19 025 A Susane: 236 Tessin: 1665/21 026 A Susane: 233 Tessin: 1665/22 026 B Susane: 77 Tessin: 1665/23 027 A Susane: 108 Tessin: 1667/1 027 B Susane: 363 Tessin: 1667/2 028 A Susane: 364 Tessin: 1667/3 028 B Susane: 368 Tessin: 1667/4 029 A Susane: 342 Tessin: 1667/5 029 B Susane: 47 Tessin: 1667/45 030 A Susane: 398 Tessin: 1668/1 030 B Susane: 395 Tessin: 1668/2 031 A Susane: 401 Tessin: 1671/1 031 B Susane: 405 Tessin: 1671/2 032 A Susane: 408 Tessin: 1671/9 032 B Susane: 410 Tessin: 1671/10 033 A Susane: 136 Tessin: 1672/1 033 B Susane: 415 Tessin: 1672/2 034 A Susane: 425 Tessin: 1672/3 034 B Susane: 418 Tessin: 1672/6 035 A Susane: 409 Tessin: 1673/1 035 B Susane: 433 Tessin: 1673/2 036 A Susane: 445 Tessin: 1674/1 036 B Susane: 449 Tessin: 1674/2 037 A Susane: 446 Tessin: 1674/3 037 B Susane: 450 Tessin: 1674/4 038 A Susane: 452 Tessin: 1674/5 038 B Susane: 453 Tessin: 1674/6 039 A Susane: 451 Tessin: 1674/7 039 B Susane: 485 Tessin: 1677/1 040 A Susane: 494 Tessin: 1682/1 040 B Susane: 417 Tessin: 1688/1 041 A Susane: 519 Tessin: 1688/2 041 B Susane: 457 Tessin: 1688/3 042 A Susane: 434 Tessin: 1688/4 042 B Susane: 440 Tessin: 1688/5 043 A Susane: 404 Tessin: 1688/10 043 B Susane: 441 Tessin: 1688/12 044 A Susane: 479 Tessin: 1688/13 044 B Susane: 484 Tessin: 1688/14 045 A Susane: 487 Tessin: 1688/15 045 B Susane: 491 Tessin: 1688/16 046 A Susane: 497 Tessin: 1688/18 046 B Susane: 498 Tessin: 1688/19 047 A Susane: 500 Tessin: 1688/21 047 B Susane: 502 Tessin: 1688/23 048 A Susane: 505 Tessin: 1688/25 048 B Susane: 507 Tessin: 1688/26 049 A

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Boufflers, d’Ourches, Chérisey, Cayeux Dumont, Nassau, Villiers Le Morhyer, Vignoles La Mark, Pons Vaillac, Saumery, du Paon Laigny, Resnel, Anlezy, Rodemark, Lessart Ligondèz La Beyssière, d’Auvergne, Bourke, Massembach Phélippeaux, Moyria, Maubeque, Chataumorand Glizy, Alais, Conflans Presle, Egmont Sheldon, Nugent, Fitzjames Irlandois Royal des Carabiniers Tarnault La Mothe-Houdancourt Harcourt, Saint-Blimont Marsillac, Aubeterre Roye Raigecourt Monchy, d'Asfeld (Prince de Vaudémont) Kroneberg, Mortany, Verseilles hussards Saint-Geniès, Rattsky hussards Verseilles hussards Poldéak, Filtz, Montils hussards Unidentified Standards

162

Susane: 508 Tessin: 1688/27 Susane: 509 Tessin: 1688/28 Susane: 521 Tessin: 1689/1 Susane: 523 Tessin: 1689/2 Susane: 526 Tessin: 1689/4 Susane: 527 Tessin: 1689/5 Susane: 531 Tessin: 1689/6 Susane: 532 Tessin: 1689/7 Susane: 544 Tessin: 1689/8 Susane: 525 Tessin: 1689/11 Susane: 570 Tessin: 1691/2 Susane: 572 Tessin: 1693/1 Susane: 577 Tessin 1702/1 Susane: 587 Tessin 1705/1 Susane: 590 Tessin 1705/4 Susane: 595 Tessin 1705/7 Susane: 596 Tessin 1705/8 Susane: 598 Tessin 1705/10 Susane: 602 Tessin 1707/1 Susane: 571 Tessin: 1692/1 Susane: 600 Tessin 1705/15 Susane: 571 Tessin 1705/21 Susane: 601 Tessin 1706/1

049 B 050 A 050 B 051 A 051 B 052 A 052 B 053 A 053 B 054 A 054 B 055 A 055 B 056 A 056 B 057 A 057 B 058 A 058 B 059 A 059 B 060 A 060 B 061 A & B

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714

Index Agenois 98 Alais 125 Alègre 77 Alincourt 64 Alzeau 115 Ancenis 56, 86 Ancezune 79 Andlau 100 Anjou 58 Anlezy 94 Anlézy 113, 122, 159 Aquitaine 58 Armagnac 66, 72 Arnolfini 134 Artois 58 Asfeld 133 Aubeterre 131, 144, 147 Aubusson-Saint-Paul 68 Auger 56 Aumont 50, 91, 111 Auneuil 91 Auriac 141, 155 Auroy 58 Autanne 138 Autichamp 120 Auvergne 81 Auvergne, Prince de 124 Ayen 107 Bachevilliers 149 Balan 118 Balivière 91 Baltazard 77 Baradat 55 Barbançon 110 Barentin 110 Bartillat 74, 85, 159 Bassy 159 Beaucaire 66, 152 Beaucayre 66 Beaujeu 112 Beauvau 55 Beauvilliers-Saint-Aignan 68 Beintz 71 Belaccueil 92 Bellefonds 154 Bellegarde 140 Bellieure 158

Bercourt 101 Beringhen 108 Béringhen 74, 79 Berry 95 Bessay 97 Béthune 120, 147 Beuzeville 50 Bezons 91, 103, 108, 158 Biran 72 Biron 58, 122 Bissy 49, 58, 115, 135 Blanchefort 58 Bolhen 90 Bonelles 52 Bongars 91 Bonne 88 Bonneval 50 Borbin 78 Boucaut 137 Boufflers 119 Bouillon 73, 81 Bourbon 62 Bourgogne 56 Bourke 124 Bournonville 60 Bouzols 88, 109 Brabant Espagnol 153 Brac 118 Brancas 86 Braque 118 Brassac 56 Bretagne 56 Bretonvilliers 83 Brienne 159 Brinon 76 Brion 102 Brionne 140 Brissac 53, 105, 109, 151 Broglie 44, 50, 51, 97 Broglio 140 Bulonde 135 Camille de Champlain 139 Campférand 117 Candale 72 Canisy 158 Cappy 113 Carabiniers, Royal de 127 163

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Caraman 95 Cardenas 153 Castries 145 Catheux 143 Cathulan 115 Caubous 114 Cayeux 68, 73, 119, 151 Cayla 55 Caylus 78 Cerisy 60, 149 Chabrillant 92 Chalons 67 Chambonas 91 Chamilly 60, 62 Champlain 144, 146 Chappes 50 Charleval d’Auneuil 45 Charlus 97 Charolois 62 Chartres 78 Chastelet 2.e 156 Chastillon 144, 147 Chateaumorand 124, 143 Chatelet-Clefmont 118 Châtelleraut 100 Chatillon 48, 49 Châtillon 147 Chayla 79 Chémereuil 52 Chepy 78 Chépy 106 Chérisey 119 Chevalier-Duc 100 Chevaux-légers de la garde du Roi 18 Chevreuse 86 Cheyladet 63 Choiseul 143 Choiseul-Beaupré 78 Choiseul-Praslin 55, 98 Choisy 58 Cibour 114 Clermont-Prince 78 Clermont-Saint-Aignan 74 Clermont-Tonnerre 48, 49, 67, 150 Coalis 159 Coëtenfao 158 Coigny 45 Coislin 48, 149 Coligny 60, 62 Colonel Général 36, 46

Commissaire Général 36, 49 Condé 60, 110 Conflans 125, 159 Conti 79 Conty 64 Cossé 53, 88, 109, 151 Coulanges 63, 141, 155 Courcelles 58, 139 Courcillon 120 Courlandon 124, 159 Courtandon 159 Courtanvaux 52 Courtebonne 110 Courton 58 Crillon 94 Croi 81 Croy d’Havré 95 Croy-Solre 52 Crussol 145 Cuirassiers du Roy 36 Culan 63 Curassiers du Roi 50 Curton 77 Daugé 56 Dauphin 83 Dauphin Étranger 103 Dauros 58 Deak, Paul 164 Des Fourneaux 138 Desclos 151 Desmarets 67 Doria 141, 155 Dragons du Cardinal 44 du Bordage 63 Du Bordage 109 Du Bourdet 153 Du Bray 148 du Castelet 101 Du Châtelet-Clefmont 152 Du Clos 151 Du Gas 92 Du Luc 94, 152 du Maine 63 Du Palais 151 Du Paon 121 Du Plessis 138 du Roi 44 du Roy 17, 36, 37 Du Rozel 113 du Rumain 79 164

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Du Tronc 85 Du Vivier-Lansac 108 Dumont 120 Dupuis Espagnol 154 Duras 15, 16, 105 Durfort 96 Eglizy 125 Egmont 67, 125 Elbeuf 114 Élèvemont 46 Enghien 60 Enghien 62 Enguien 159 Esclainvilliers 49, 72 Escorailles 58 Espinchal 114 Esseville 149 Estaniol 115 Estourmel 98 Estrades 138 Faret de Montfrain 44 Fief 120 Fiennes 81, 109 Filtz 164 Fitzjames 126 Flanders Espagnol 153 Flesché 86 Fleury 101 Florensac 70 Foix 72 Fontaines 104 Fontanges 78 Fontenoy 159 Fontet 113 Forsat 94 Foucauld 67 Fouquet de Bouchefolière 96 Fourbin 106 Fourilles 48 Fournès 44 Fourquevaux 111 Fürstenberg 120 Gacé 103, 152 Galmoy 157 Gamaches 73 Gand 140 Gardes du Corps 15 Gardes du Roy d’Angleterre 158 Garluf 159 Garo 138

Gassion 56, 81 Gendarmerie de France 23 Gensdarmes de la Garde du Roy 17 Geoffreville 154 Germinon 88, 96 Gesvres 67, 147 Givry 110 Glizy 125 Goesbriant 77 Gohas 66 Gontaud 58 Gontaut 58, 122 Gouffier 60, 67, 113 Gournay 53 Grammont 70 Grammont-Fallon 70 Gramont 117, 132 Grandpré 133 Grands-Royaux 157 Grenadiers à cheval 22, 158 Grignan 86 Grosmesnil 56 Grutel 111 Guiche 60 Hafrelce 159 Harcourt 83, 122, 130 Harcourt-Beuvron 101 Harlus 159 Harlus-Vertilly 143 Harville 78 Havrincourt 50 Heilly 67 Helmstadt 82 Hennequin 138 Heudicourt 74, 80, 98 Hocquincourt 144 Horn 148 Houdetot 56 Houmeau 92 Humières 64, 118 Illes 91, 95 Imécourt 83, 106, 136 Imécourt d’Alipon 106 Imécourt La Loge 81 Janson 56 Joyeuse 104, 133 Königsmark 36, 90 Kroneberg 162 L’Isle du Vigier 150 La Baume 94, 115, 142 165

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 La Beyssière 124 La Billarderie 118 La Boulaye 103, 115 La Bretauche 114 la Cardonnière 48 La Cardonnière 49 La Chapelle 62 La Coste du Plantier 152 La Ferronays 73 La Feuillade 68, 88, 134 La Fontaine 111 la Joyeuse 77 La Liste 133 La Margelle 108 La Mark 120 La Mothe 104 La Mothe-Houdancourt 130 La Motte-Houdancourt 105 La Rablière 68 La Rare 158 La Reine 55 La Reine d’Angleterre 157 La Reine Mère 55 La Reyne 55 La Rochefoucauld 101 La Roche-Guyon 101 La Roche-sur-Yon 56 La Suze 62 La Tour 92, 111 La Tournelle 68 La Tremouille 70 La Trémouille 154 la Valette 48 La Valette 66 la Valière 48 La Vallière 49, 83, 111 La Vaupalière 97 Laffitte de Pelleport 146 Laigny 122 Lambert 135 Lançon 91, 109 Landscron 148 Landskron 90 Langallerie 136, 156 Lanmary 62 Lanques 62 Larrard 102 Latour 92 Le Brun d’Inteville 46 Le Gall 143

Le Tellier 52 Lembescq 66 Lénoncourt 74 Léry-Girardin 104 Lessart 83, 122, 142 Lestoile 155 Levis 97, 102 Levis-Chasteaumorand 97 Levy 97 Ligondeix 123 Ligondès 123 Ligondèz 123 Lisle du Vigier 150 Livry 74, 108 Locmaria 133 Longueval 154 Longueville 136 Lordat 80 Lorges 15, 16, 96 Lorraine 66, 80, 154 Louvois 58 Louvoy 58 Lucinge 88 Lumbres 81 Luxembourg 15, 16 Luynes 86 Magnac 137 Magnières 53 Maison du Roy 16 Maisonthiers 117 Mallan 48 Mancini Wallon 73 Manderscheidt-Kayl 148 Manicamp 88 Mansfeldt 159 Marboeuf 83 Marcillac 71, 101 Marcillac-Vény 140 Marcilly 85 Marivault 112 Marnay-Saint-André 116 Marsillac 131 Marteville 94 Massembach 124 Massot 104 Matignon 44, 45, 98, 103, 152 Maubecque 124 Maugiron 55 Maure 155 Mauriac 124 166

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Mauroy 118, 155, 159 Mélac 102, 158 Melin 73 Melun 140 Melun de Maupertuis 19 Meré 139 Mérineville 138 Merinville 145 Mesnil-Montauban 146 Messey 78 Mestre de Camp Général 36, 48, 49 Meuse 148 Molac 142 Monbas 96 Monchy 133 Monclar 48 Monroy 159 Montagnac 63 Montauban 74, 154 Montausier 62 Montberon 118 Montberon de Tourvoye 146 Montclar 103 Montclar Catalan 52 Montelarre 85 Montfort 52, 151 Montgeorges 136 Montgommery 136 Montgon 50, 152 Montils 164 Montmain 92 Montmorency 140 Montmorency-Chateaubrun 63 Montpeyroux 48, 117 Montpipeau 60 Montplaisir 68, 140 Montrevel 49, 71, 142, 150 Morbecq 124, 159 Mortany 162 Mousquetaires de la Garde 19 Moyria 124 Murçay 83 Musse 46 Nantouilet 55 Narbonne 85, 155 Nassau-Saarbrücken 90, 120 Noailles 15, 16, 140 Noailles, Comte de 107 Noailles, Duc de 107 Noailles, Marquis de 146

Nogent 53 Novion 97 Nugent 126 Ons en Bray 46 Orléans 59 Ourches 119 Parabère 142 Pardillan 111 Paulmy 56 Pelleport 139 Penthièvre 98 Peyre 72 Phélippeaux 103, 124, 137 Pimentel 153 Plessis-Bellière 68 Poldéak 164 Polignac 103 Pomponne 56 Pons 120 Pont Saint-Pierre 77 Pracomtal 144 Pralin 159 Praslin 52, 98 Prasline 159 Precontal 158 Presle 125 Prince Camille 66 Prince de Piémont 88 Prince Paul 154 Pujols 157 Puttange 139 Puyg 154 Puyguyon 56, 116 Puyslieux 94 Quadt 148 Quadt 2.e 157 Quémaduec 46 Quincy 137 Quinson 67 Quintin 87, 96 Raigecourt 132 Randan 96 Rassay 102 Rassé 158 Rassent 111 Rattsky 163 Régiment Royal 36 Renel 122 Rennepont 76 Renty 46 167

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Resnel 48, 122 Revel 50 Richelieu 43, 141, 155 Rivarolles 88 Rivoire 151 Robin 76, 158 Rochebonne 55 Rocquepine 100 Rodemark 122 Rohan 85, 87 Rohan-Soubise 87 Roi d’Angleterre 126 Romainville 94 Roquelaure 72 Rosen 48, 80, 82, 83 Rosen Allemand 82 Rottembourg 82, 83 Roucy 77, 135 Roure 158 Rousillon 55 Roussillon 95 Rouvray 116 Royal 43 Royal Allemand 36, 38, 90 Royal Allemand 2.e 156 Royal Bourgogne 56 Royal Cravattes 77 Royal des Carabiniers 127 Royal des Cravates 36 Royal Étranger 36, 45 Royal Piemont 36 Royal Piémont 88 Royal Pologne 53 Royal Roussillon 36, 52 Roye 45, 94, 124, 132 Rozel 55, 154 Rozen 80 Ruffec 110 Ruffey 71 Saa 153 Sabran 87 Sailly 145 Saint Silvestre 101 Saint-Aignan 87 Saint-Blimont 130 Saint-Chamans 87 Saint-Chamas 45 Sainte-Livière 71 Sainte-Maure 45 Sainte-Ruth 53

Saint-Gelais 83 Saint-Geniés 163 Saint-Germain-Beaupré 53, 102 Saint-Jean 150 Saint-Joire 88 Saint-Lieu 116 Saint-Louis 95 Saint-Mauris 142 Saint-Micaud 62 Saint-Phal 141, 153, 155 Saint-Pouange 91 Saint-Simon 63, 110, 154 Saint-Simon Montbleru 109 Saint-Simon-Ruffec 87 Saint-Valery 71 Saint-Viance 46 Saligny 60, 62 Sandricourt 95 Sanzay 147 Sassenage 102 Saumery 52, 121 Saussay 140 Savine 157 Savines 115 Savinne 115 Servon 68 Sève 143 Seyssac 64, 106 Sheldon 126 Sibourg 114 Simiane 136 Soins de Pointsegur 108 Son Eminence Fus. à Chev. 44 Souastre 149 Soubise 87 Soucarrière 118 Souternon 98, 157 Souvré 79 Stanislas-Roy 53 Streef 94 Suilly 155 Sully 100, 149 Tallard 77, 105 Talmont 53, 70 Tarente 70, 154 Tarnault 130 Terrail 115 Thézan 55 Thianges 70 Thorigny 44 168

Standards and Uniforms of the French Cavalry under Louis XIV 1688-1714 Thury 71 Tilladet 36, 79, 159 Tillières 77 Toiras 60 Torsac 159 Toulouse 98 Tour d’Auvergne 46 Tournefort 108 Tournelle 45 Tourotte 116 Tracy 116 Trasant 156 Trefski 46 Tresmes 67 Trian 159 Turenne 46, 70 Uzès 101, 145 Vaillac 121 Valavoire 80 Valency, Grand-Prieur de 59 Valentinois 45 Valgrand 124 Vandeuil 113 Vandeul 83 Vandoevre 116 Varennes 76 Vassé 108 Vaubrun 53, 96 Vaudémont 133 Vaudray 87, 100 Vaudremont 148 Vaudreuil 113 Verac 140

Verrue 49 Verseilles 162 Verthamont 151 Vienne 44, 96, 139, 146 Vignau 148 Vignoles 120 Villacerf 95 Villars 49, 58, 85 Villefort 78 Villeneuve 104 Villepion 144 Villepreux 110 Villequier 50, 92, 105, 113 Villeroi 16, 64 Villeroy 106 Villers Le Morhyer 120 Villiers 55, 81 Vins, Marquis de 19 Vintimille 72 Vivans 80 Vivans Saint-Christaud 112 Vivary 159 Vivonne 44, 77 Vogué 58, 71 Voluire 83 Walin 102 Wassinghac 81 Watteville 125 Wiltz 53, 94 Württemberg 83 Xaintrailles 62 Yolet 95

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