Southwest USA & Las Vegas (Eyewitness Travel Guides)

e ye witness travel guides

southwest usa

grand canyon pueblos deserts casinos crafts The Guides that show you what others only tell you

Southwest USA region by region

SOUTHERN UTAH Cedar City

St. George

LAS VEGAS Las Vegas

L AS V EGAS See pp96 –131

THE GRAND CANYON AND NORTHERN ARIZONA Flagstaff

Prescott

Phoenix

PHOENIX AND SOUTHERN ARIZONA

Tucson

Nogales

G RAND C ANYON AND N ORTHERN A RIZONA See pp56 –73

P HOENIX S OUTHERN A RIZONA

AND

See pp74 –93

Durango

THE FOUR CORNERS

S OUTHERN U TAH

T HE F OUR C ORNERS

See pp134 –155

See pp158 –181

Farmington

SANTA FE AND NORTHERN NEW MEXICO Santa Fe

Albuquerque

ALBUQUERQUE AND SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO

Roswell

0 km 0 miles

100 100

S ANTA F E AND N ORTHERN N EW M EXICO See pp190 –207

A LBUQUERQUE AND S OUTHERN N EW M EXICO See pp208 –227

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E Y E W I T N E S S T R AV E L G U I D E S

sou hwe t usa & las vegas

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C ONTENTS I NTRODUCING S OUTHWEST USA AND L AS V EGAS

Produced by Duncan Baird Publishers London, England MANAGING EDITORS Michelle de Larrabeiti, Rebecca Miles MANAGING ART EDITOR Vanessa Sayers EDITORS Liz Atherton, Georgina Harris, Judith Ledger DESIGNER Dawn Davies-Cook DESIGN AND EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE Kelly Cody, Jessica Hughes VISUALIZER Gary Cross PICTURE RESEARCH Ellen Root DTP DESIGNER Sarah Williams CONTRIBUTORS Donna Dailey, Paul Franklin, Michelle de Larrabeiti, Philip Lee PHOTOGRAPHERS Demetrio Carrasco, Alan Keohane, Francesca Yorke ILLUSTRATORS Gary Cross, Eugene Fleurey, Claire Littlejohn, Chris Orr & Associates, Mel Pickering, Robbie Polley, John Woodcock

PUTTING THE SOUTHWEST ON THE MAP 10 A PORTRAIT OF THE SOUTHWEST 12 THE SOUTHWEST THROUGH THE YEAR 32

THE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWEST 36

Reproduced by Colourscan (Singapore) Printed and bound by South China Printing Co. Ltd., China First American Edition 2001 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Published in the United States by DK Publishing, Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 Reprinted with revisions 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006 Copyright 2001, 2006 © Dorling Kindersley Limited London, Great Britain ALL

RIGHTS RESERVED UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND PAN-A AMERICAN COPYRIGHT CONVENTIONS. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING OR OTHERWISE WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER.

View over Grand Canyon’s North Rim in northern Arizona

A RIZONA

Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A CATALOGING

IN

PUBLICATION RECORD IS AVAILABLE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

FROM THE

ISSN 1542-1554 ISBN 0-7894-9565-1 The information in this Dorling Kindersley Travel Guide is checked regularly. Every effort has been made to ensure that this book is as up-to-date as possible at the time of going to press. Some details, however, such as telephone numbers, opening hours, prices, gallery hanging arrangements and travel information are liable to change. The publishers cannot accept responsibility for any consequences arising from the use of this book, nor for any material on third party websites, and cannot guarantee that any website address in this book will be a suitable source of travel information. We value the views and suggestions of our readers very highly. Please write to: Publisher, DK Eyewitness Travel Guides, Dorling Kindersley, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, Great Britain. Tall saguaro cacti in the Sonoran Desert, southern Arizona

INTRODUCING ARIZONA 48 GRAND CANYON AND NORTHERN ARIZONA 56 PHOENIX AND SOUTHERN ARIZONA 74

Flute players petroglyph from Walnut Canyon, Arizona

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T RAVELERS ’ N EEDS WHERE TO STAY 230 WHERE TO EAT 246 SHOPPING IN THE SOUTHWEST 264 ENTERTAINMENT IN THE SOUTHWEST 266 Mesa Arch overlooking Canyonlands National Park in southern Utah

L AS V EGAS

N EW M EXICO

INTRODUCING LAS VEGAS 96

INTRODUCING NEW MEXICO 184

LAS VEGAS 98

SANTA FE AND NORTHERN NEW MEXICO 190

LAS VEGAS PRACTICAL INFORMATION 122

SPECIALTY VACATIONS AND ACTIVITIES 268

Visitors enjoying a trail ride at a dude ranch in southern Arizona

S URVIVAL G UIDE PRACTICAL INFORMATION 276 Hispanic pottery

TRAVEL INFORMATION 286

Half-size replica of the Eiffel Tower at Paris Hotel, Las Vegas

ALBUQUERQUE AND SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO 208

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 302

S OUTHERN U TAH INTRODUCING SOUTHERN UTAH 134 SOUTHERN UTAH 138

T HE F OUR C ORNERS INTRODUCING THE FOUR CORNERS 158 THE FOUR CORNERS 162

GENERAL INDEX 292

San Xavier del Bac Mission in Tucson, southern Arizona (see pp88– 9)

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helps you to get the most from your visit to the Southwest US. Introducing the Southwest maps the region, and sets it in its historical and cultural context. The region includes the two states of New Mexico and Arizona, the city of Las Vegas, and sizeable chunks of

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HIS TRAVEL GUIDE

T H I S

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Colorado and Utah. Each chapter describes important sights, using maps, photographs, and illustrations. Recommended restaurants and hotels are listed in Travelers’ Needs, as is advice on accommodations and food. The Survival Guide has tips on such issues as transportation and tipping.

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L AS V EGAS This unique city has own chapter, which introduced by a hist feature. The main si are numbered and p on the City Map, as points of interest in Greater Las Vegas V ar The information for the sights is easy to within the chapter a follows the numeric order on the map. T city has its own Pra Information section which offers useful on shopping, entert ment, and gambling City Ma For easy sights are nu and located

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K EY The Strip see pp102 –105 International airport Train station Coach station Visitor information Interstate Major Highway Highway

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THE SOUTHWEST O N T H E M A P 10–11

A PORTRAIT OF S O U T H W E S T 12–31 THE SOUTHWEST T H RO U G H T H E Y E A R 32–35 T H E H I S TO RY O F T H E S O U T H W E S T 36–45 THE

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A PORTRAIT OF THE SOUTHWEST

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STINGUISHED BY ITS DRAMATIC LANDSCAPE,

the Southwest is a land of twisting canyons, cactus- studded desert, and rugged mountains. For more than 15,000 years, the region was inhabited by Native Americans, but by the 20th century AngloAmerican traditions had mingled with those of the Hispanic and Native populations to create the Southwest’s multicultural heritage.

area of around 130,000 America’s Southwest sq miles (336,700 sq km). includes the states of The plateau was created Arizona and New Mexico, by the same geological southwestern Colorado and upheavals that formed the southern Utah, and the city of Rocky Mountains. Subsequent Las Vegas, Nevada. Perceptions Skull of a erosion by wind, water, and of this region are influenced buffalo sand molded both hard and by the landscape: the red sandstone mesas of Monument soft rock to form the plateau’s Valley, the tall saguaro cacti in canyons, mesas, and mountains. Many of these natural wonders are Arizona’s Sonoran Desert, the staggering scale of Grand Canyon, now protected by national parks. and the adobe architecture of New Grand Canyon is the second mostMexico. At the heart of the region is visited national park in the US, and its defining geological feature – the among southern Utah’s national Colorado Plateau – a rock tableland parks, Zion also ranks high in poprising more than 12,000 ft (3,660 m) ularity. The region’s underground above sea level and covering a vast attractions are no less beautiful,

Cacti and dried chiles adorn this flower shop in Tucson’s historic El Presidio district Spring flowers, sand verbena, and dune primrose cover the desert landscape

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with the exquisite cave formations of Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico and the recently opened Kartchner Caverns in southern Arizona.

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Southeastern Arizona is also known for its hummingbirds. The lower reaches of the Colorado River and the Gila and Rio Grande rivers in New Mexico attract shorebirds and cranes. The spadefoot toad is F LORA AND FAUNA The hot, dry climate of the South- designed to survive the harsh desert west’s desert areas has spawned a environment – it can lie under the sand host of specially adapted plants and for up to two years, only emerging to animals. The ubiquitous cactus comes reproduce when the rains come. Most parts of the region in many forms, from the giant enjoy more than 300 days saguaro to the stubby of sunshine a year, yet cholla. There are more around 90 percent will than a hundred species, receive as little as 2 in all with far-reaching (5 cm) and no more root systems and fleshy than 20 in (50 cm) of pads for storing water. annual rainfall. Sudden During spring and early summer the region’s deserts Sonoran black-tailed summer rainstorms on the Colorado Plateau cause flash are famous for their explosion prairie dog floods. Summer temperatures of colorful desert flowers, while ponderosa pine, yucca, agave, in the desert often reach more than sagebrush, and chaparral, such as 100°F (38°C) but can drop by up to scrub oak and manzanita, dominate 30°F (10°C) after sunset. Tempthe region’s higher elevations. The eratures fall 3–5°F (1–2°C) for every mountains in the north of the region 1,000 ft (300 m) in elevation, giving support dense forests of Douglas fir, the peaks of northern Arizona flora similar to that in parts of Canada. aspen, and other conifers. Across the Southwest coyotes, S OCIETY roadrunner birds, lizards, rattlesnakes, and hawks are numerous, The Southwest is a crossroads of the with the higher elevations home to three great cultures that shaped bear, mountain lion, deer, and elk. America: Native American, Hispanic, and Anglo-American. The Spanish language is prominent, not only in bi-lingual New Mexico but also in Arizona and Colorado. Everyday English is peppered with a range of Spanish phrases, reflecting a regional heritage stretching back to the 16th century. While US history usually focuses on developments in the East-Coast British colonies, Spanish explorers were in the Southwest in 1540, 80 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock. Flowering cacti in Arizona’s Sonoran Desert

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Looking out from Mummy Cave Overlook in Canyon de Chelly’s Canyon de Muerto

A host of Native American languages are also spoken across the Southwest, reflecting the far longer history of the region’s native inhabitants. The Hopi and other Pueblo peoples trace their ancestry back to the ancient peoples who built the elaborate cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde, Canyon de Chelly, and Chaco Canyon. The Navajo, famous for their rugs and jewelry, occupy the largest reservation in the US, stretching across the northern ends of both Arizona and New Mexico. The Apache and several other tribes also occupy land here. Today’s native populations have a hand in the government of their own lands and Navajo rug have employed a variety of ways to regenerate their economies – through casinos, tourism, the production of coal, and crafts such as pottery, baskets, and Hopi kachina dolls. Some native festivals and dances are open to visitors, although, for spiritual reasons, some are private affairs. These traditions

have held through time, and today’s architecture, design, and distinctive cuisine reflect the influence of Spanish and Native cultures. A trinity of religions dominant in the Southwes Native American spiritua beliefs are complex, as eac tribe has different practice often tied to ancestors an the land. Because thes beliefs are considered to b private, it is difficult fo visitors to get beyond surface understanding. Hopi The Roman Catholicism kachina doll brought here by the conquering Spanish has a more visible presence. It is the main religion in much of the region, although a number of Protestant denominations are also prominent. Utah’s residents, however, are predominantly Mormon. P OLITICS When Arizona and New Mexico gained statehood in 1912, they became part of the democratic republic of the United States of America. The Constitution of the US

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In the 1930s, dam building projects were initiated in the western states, starting with the Hoover Dam. By the 1960s, however, it was clear that in order to generate electricity, irrigate farms, and supply cities more dams were needed. The controversial Glen Canyon Dam, opened in 1963, flooded a vast area of natural beauty, as well as Native ruins and Mountains rise behind the towering walls of Hoover Dam across the Colorado River bordering Nevada and Arizona sacred sites. Today, many local tribes have asserted ownership was influenced by the ideals of both of the water on their lands. Water has the French and American revolutions also been channeled increasingly of the late 18th century. The federal toward urban use as farmers in need government is divided into the exec- of cash sell or lease their water rights. utive branch of the President and his T HE E CONOMY cabinet, and a legislative branch, with the House of Representatives and the Manufacturing, high technology, and Senate, each composed of members tourism have taken over from mining elected by each state. The judicial and ranching as the region’s principal branch of government is headed by employers. However, mining and the Supreme Court, which is the final agriculture remain important elements arbiter of legal disputes and any of the region’s economy. There are changes to the written Constitution. huge reserves of oil and natural gas Each state also passes its own laws in parts of New Mexico and Utah. and has its own elected governAgricultural products include livement. Visitors should be aware stock, cotton, and citrus fruit. that laws on speed limits, New Mexico is the country’s alcohol consumption, and main chile producer, and taxes may vary across ranks fifth in the nation the Southwest. for dairy production. Today, the states of Both state and federal Arizona and New Mexico governments are major are the US’s fifth and sixth employers in the region. largest states. Despite the Since World War II, when fact that the region’s the Manhattan Project Chile h l wreath, h Santa Fe population is increasing, it developed the first atomic remains one of the least populated in bomb at Los Alamos, New Mexico has the US. The cities of Phoenix, Tucson, been an important center for defense Santa Fe, Albuquerque, and Las Cruces research and the development of account for around 60 percent of the nuclear weapons technology. Today, Southwest’s population. Such intense other research projects including biourbanization has put pressure on the technology, especially the Genome region’s resources, particularly water, Project (which maps all human which has become one of the most genes) and computer technology, pressing issues facing the Southwest. attract scientists to the Southwest.

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Hikers at the start of the Bright Angel Trail in Grand Canyon

One of the region’s most famous C ULTURE AND THE A RTS Vast wilderness and a warm climate attributes is the quality of light found make outdoor leisure popular in the in the hills of northern New Mexico. Southwest. There are miles of hiking Georgia O’Keeffe’s paintings of the trails, rivers for whitewater rafting, local landscape in the 1940s helped lakes for water sports, ski resorts, and to make the area around Santa Fe a some of the nation’s finest golf courses. mecca for all kinds of artists. Today, One of the best ways to experience the the city has the second largest art landscape is on a trail ride, while arm- trade in the US. Native artisans also chair cowboys can attend that great produce fine artifacts: the pottery of Maria Martínez of San Idelfonso Southwestern event – the rodeo. Phoenix, Tucson, Santa Fe, and Pueblo is highly regarded, as are the Albuquerque are home to symphony paintings of Navajo R. C. Gorman, orchestras, theater, opera, and dance and the work of Pueblo potter Nancy Youngblood Lugo. companies. A flourishThe Southwest is as ing Hispanic music much a state of mind scene and Native as it is a geographical American traditional region. The attractions dances meet in the of the landscape and a fusion sound of Carlos romantic sense of the R. Nakai, a Navajo past combine to conflautist who has perjure up the idealized formed classical music legends of the “Wild and jazz. International West.” For many visistar performers visit tors, the Southwest such cities as Phoenix offers the chance to and Las Vegas, which indulge that bit of is most famous for its Las Vegas star Wayne Newton cowboy in their souls. entertaining the audience dazzling casinos.

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Landscapes of the Southwest HE COLORFUL, beautiful, and varied landscape of the Southwest has been shaped by volcanic eruption, uplift, and wind and water erosion. For much of the Paleozoic Era (between about 570 to 225 million years ago) the region was mostly covered by a vast inland sea that deposited over 10,000 ft (3,048 m) of sediment, which eventually hardened into rock. Following the formation of the Rocky Mountains, some 80 million years ago, rivers and rainfall eroded the rock layers and formed the deep canyons and arches that distinguish the landscape of the Southwest. The central geological feature of the region is the Colorado Plateau, which covers some 130,000 sq miles (336,700 sq km). The plateau is cut through by many canyons, including Grand Canyon (see pp58–63).

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The butte formations of Monument Valley (see pp164 –5) are the result of erosion and their tops mark the level of an ancient plain.

The mountains of the Southwest are part of the Rockies and were formed during volcanic activity and continental plate movement some 65 million years ago. Snow-covered peaks, forests of pine and juniper, spruce and fir, streams and small lakes fed by snow melt, as well as alpine meadows are all found in this area.

G EOGRAPHICAL R EGIONS Despite the great variations in the landscape, more than 70 percent of the land is classified as desert, with four distinct areas: the Great Basin, Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and Mojave deserts (see pp20–21). Each area supports flora and fauna uniquely adapted to their harsh environment.

K EY Great Basin Desert Chihuahuan Desert Sonoran Desert Mojave Desert

Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park’s shimmering pink sand dunes cover more than 50 percent of this 3,700-acre (1,497-ha) park (see p149).

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Large areas of grassland once covered the broad river basins of New Mexico and Arizona. However, little of this landscape remains as it was largely turned to desert through overgrazing by Anglo-American ranchers in the 1880s.

Canyons such as this one at Zion National Park (see pp154–55) started life when a stream began to cut a relentless path into the rock. As the cut grew deeper, erosion by wind, rain, and ice began widening it, and the stream carried away the debris. The orange sand of Monument Valley’s desert floor is dotted with sagebrush and ponderosa pines.

M ESAS , B UTTES ,

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Like canyons, mesas come in many sizes. Some very large ones measure over 100 miles (161 km) across and are often the result of land being forced up by geological forces. Other mesas, buttes, and spires are hard-rock remains left behind as a large plain cracked, and then eroded away.

The Colorado Plateau is crossed by river-forged canyons. Elevations here range from 2,000 ft (600 m) above sea level to around 13,000 ft (3,900 m). Dramatic variations in the landscape include desert, verdant river valleys, thickly forested peaks, and eroded bizarre sandstone formations.

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Desert Flora and Fauna fact that around 70 percent of the Southwest region is occupied by desert, it is not an arid, lifeless wasteland. There are four distinct deserts: the Sonoran, the Chihuahuan, the Great Basin, and the Mojave. The Sonoran Desert has one of the richest arrays of flora and fauna in the country. The Chihuahuan Desert supports hardy yuccas and agaves, and its hills and plains are covered with a dry, wheat-colored grass. The Great Basin is a cooler desert and home to a variety of grasses and desert animals. Spring rains and run-off from the mountains can transform even the driest deserts. At such times some 250 species of flower bloom in the Mojave. All living things in these southwestern desert regions adapt remarkably well to their harsh environment; the plants in particular are capable of storing water when it is available and using it sparingly during dry periods.

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Bighorn sheep are shy, elusive creatures r and are not easily spotted. Now a protected species, they are being gradually reintroduced throughout the desert areas.

T HE S ONORAN

T HE C HIHUAHUAN

Found in southern Arizona, the Sonoran’s summer “monsoons” and winter storms make it the greenest of the deserts. It is famous for the tall saguaro cactus (see p86), some of which attain heights of 50 ft (15 m) and provide a home for such desert animals as the Gila woodpecker and the elf owl.

Mainly found in Mexico, the Chihuahuan also reaches north to Albuquerque, New Mexico, and into parts of southeastern Arizona. Cacti, agaves, and yuccas, and lizards, rattlesnakes, and coyotes survive in conditions that include snowfall in winter and high temperatures and thunderstorms in summer. The javelina is a strange piglike mammal that wanders the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts in small packs.

The desert tortoise can live for more than 50 years. It is now a protected species and is increasingly difficult to spot. Prickly pear cacti flower in spring and are among the largest of the many types of cacti that flourish in the Sonoran Desert.

Yucca plants have been gathered for centuries and have many uses: their fruit can be eaten, and the roots make shampoo.

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D ESERT

The danger of poisonous desert creatures has often been exaggerated. Although some desert creatures do, on rare occasions, bite or sting people, the bites are seldom fatal unless the victims are small children or have serious health problems. To avoid being hurt, never reach into dark spaces or up onto overhead ledges where you can’t see. Watch where you place your feet, and shake out clothes and shoes before putting them on. Never harass or handle a poisonous creature. If you are bitten, stay calm and seek medical help immediately. The desert scorpion is golden in color. Its bite is venomous so anyone who has been bitten should go to a hospital for an antidote.

The Gila monster is the only venomous lizard in the US. It is a slowmoving but rarely seen inhabitant of the desert regions, and will only bite if it feels threatened.

T HE G REAT B ASIN

T HE M OJAVE

With its canyons, cliffs, mesas, and buttes, the landscape of the Great Basin Desert appears most characteristic of the region. It extends from the far northwest corner of Arizona into eastern Utah and Oregon, and its scattering of cacti, sage, and mesquite is home to the bighorn sheep and various types of rattlesnake.

This vast desert extends into central and northern Arizona. The Mojave is dry for most of the year, but a small amount of winter rain results in a display ofl wildflowers in spring. Other flora and fauna found here include creosote bush, cacti, yucca, jackrabbits, desert tortoises, and bighorn sheep.

Sagebrush is a pervasive subshrub that covers vast areas of the cooler Great Basin Desert. It smells of sage.

Golden eagles can be seen high in the sky in daytime as they hunt for prey across the Great Basin Desert.

The blacktailed jackrabbit is born with a full coat of muted fur to camouflage it from predators such as the coyote.

The Joshua tree was named by Mormons who pictured the upraised arms of Joshua in its branches.

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Architecture of the Southwest in the Southwest reaches back to the Ancestral Puebloan or Anasazi builders of such cities as Mesa Verde (see pp180 –81), demonstrating skilled craftsmanship. Across the region, historic architecture can be seen in many towns and cities, with the adobes of their old-town districts arranged around a central plaza. But there are also other architectural styles, from the Spanish Colonial of the 18th century to those of the 19th and early 20th century. Wooden storefronts, Victorian mansions, and miners’ cottages all lend a rustic charm to many mountain towns, and one of the 20th century’s most famous architects, Frank Lloyd Wright, set up an architectural school in Scottsdale (see p81 ).

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San Felipe de Neri Church, Albuquerque Old Town

T RADITIONAL A DOBE

Adobe ovens (hornos) at El Rancho de las Golondrinas

The traditional building material of the southwestern desert is adobe, a mixture of mud or clay and sand, with straw or grass as a binder. This is formed into bricks, which harden in the sun, then built into walls, cemented with a similar material, and plastered over with more mud. Adobe deteriorates quickly and must be replastered every few years. Modern adobe-style buildings are often made of cement and covered with lime cement stucco painted to look like adobe. Original dwellings had dirt floors and wooden beams (vigas) as ceiling supports. Roofs were flat, with pipes (canales) for water run-off. Adobe bricks

Canale (water pipe)

El Rancho de las Golondrinas preserves traditional adobe homes in its museum (see p195).

S PANISH C OLONIAL In the 17th and 18th centuries, Spanish Colonial missions combined the Baroque style of Mexican and European religious architecture with native design, using local materials and craftsmen. This style underwent a resurgence in the 20th century as Spanish Colonial Revival, from 1915 to the 1930s, being incorporated into private homes and public buildings. Redtiled roofs, ornamental terracotta, and stone or iron grille work were combined with white stucco walls. A fine example is Tucson’s Pima County Courthouse (see p84), with its dome adorned with colored tiles.

Moorish-style dome

Domes and towers of San Xavier del Bac Mission

Ornate wooden carvings

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San Xavier del Bac Mission exemplifies the Baroque tradition of Spanish Colonial churches.

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M ISSION R EVIVAL Similar in spirit to Spanish Colonial trends, the early 20thcentury Mission Revival style is characterized by stucco walls made of white lime cement, often with graceful arches, flat roofs, and courtyards, but with less ornamentation. A fine example of a Mission Revival-style bungalow is the J. Knox Corbett House in Tucson’s Historic District (see p84). Built of brick but plastered over in white to simulate adobe, it has a red-tile roof and a big screen porch at the back. Façade of the J. Knox Corbett House Red-tiled roof

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J. Knox Corbett House in Tuscon was designed in the popular Mission Revival style by the Chicago architect David Holmes in 1906.

P UEBLO R EVIVAL

Santa Fe Museum of Fine Arts

Pueblo Revival was another southwestern style that became particularly fashionable in the first three decades of the 20th century. It featured adobe or simulated adobe walls, with projecting vigas, and flat roofs with canales. The second and third stories were usually set back to resemble multistory pueblo dwellings, such as Taos Pueblo (see p206), hence the name. Features include rounded parapets, framed portal windows, and wood columns. This style has been used frequently in public buildings; the Museum of Fine Arts in Santa Fe (see p194) is an outstanding example. Framed portal window

Rounded parapet Flat roof

The Museum of Fine Arts in Santa Fe was built in 1917 and was the first building in Pueblo Revival style in the city. A central courtyard providing shade from the sun is one of its features.

Adobe wall

C ONTEMPORARY A RCHITECTURE Two of America’s most prominent architects, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959) and Paolo Soleri (b. 1919), practiced in the Southwest. Wright’s “organic architecture” advocated the use of local materials and the importance of the setting. His architectural complex at Taliesin West (see p81) included a school, offices, and his home. It was built from desert stones and sand, and the expansive proportions reflect the Arizona desert. In the 1940s, Italian Soleri studied at Taliesin. In 1956 he established the Cosanti Foundation (see p81) devoted to “arcology,” a synthesis of architecture and ecology that minimizes the waste of energy endemic in modern towns.

Interior of Taliesin West, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

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Colonizers of the Southwest HE REMOTE WILDERNESS areas of the Southwest were among the last regions of the US to be colonized by Anglo-Americans, in the mid- to late 19th century. The Spanish were the first Europeans to reach this area in the 1500s, led by soldier and explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado (1510 –54), and Santa Fe was established in 1610. In 1752, the Spanish established the first European settlement in Arizona at Tubac. Kit Carson and fellow fur trappers explored east–west routes in the mid-19th century, while the Mormons founded Salt Lake City in the 1840s. In the later 19th century, explorers and prospectors, most notably US national hero John Wesley Powell, traveled across the region.

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Inscription Rock rises over a natural spring in New Mexico (see p163), and was a restng place for travelers over centuries. The rock features Zuni petroglyphs and gra fiti, including Oñate’s carve

The Butterfield Stage route was established in 1858. Sanctioned by Congress to provide a twiceweekly service for isolated Westerners, it aided the establishing of settlements in remote areas.

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The promise of gold brought the first Spanish travelers to the Southwest in the 1500s. Various groups of colonizers and traders soon followed, forging many new routes across this rugged region. •

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K EY Coronado Trail o Oñate Trail Santa Fe Trail Butterfield Stage route Old Spanish Trail Powell Expedition Anza Trail Camino Real State boundaries

Juan Bautista de Anza, a Spanish commander of the Tubac settlement (see p84), explored the Anza Trail from 1774 to 1776. Reaching the Pacific Coast, Anza went on to found San Francisco.

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J OHN W ESLEY P OWELL (1834 –1902) Raised in Illinois, John Wesley Powell was by any standards a remarkable man. An early interest in natural history led him to embark on long, solitary expeditions into the outback to collect geological and botanical samples. In 1860, he enlisted in the Union army and became a major in the Civil War. He lost an arm at the Battle of Shiloh, and the pain was with him for the rest of his life. He led two expeditions down the Colorado River, in 1869 and 1871, and went on to run the new US Geological Service and the Bureau of American Ethnology. He was a staunch campaigner for Native American rights.

The Powell Expedition was launched in 1869 when John Wesley Powell and nine companions pushed four wooden boats out into the Green River of Wyoming bound for the Colorado River. Several weeks later, Powell’s party emerged at the western end of Grand Canyon (see p53).

John Wesley Powell with Ute Native (see p27)

The Old Spanish Trail was established in 1829. It was a major trading route etween New Mexico and California, mid-19th century.

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Juan de Oñate, a Spanish fortune-seeker, first traveled the Camino Real in 1598. He named part of this harsh, desert path “Journey of the Dead” but safely reached the Rio Grande (see p39).

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado (1510–1554) headed north from Mexico in 1540 with 336 soldiers and 1,000 Native Americans to spend two years exploring the region. His route became the Coronado Trail.

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Native Cultures of the Southwest of the Southwest have maintained many of their distinct ways of life, in spite of more than 400 years of hardship since the arrival of the Spanish in 1539. Disease, armed conflict, and brutal attempts at cultural assimilation have forged Hopi wicker the determination of Native groups to retain plaque their cultural identity. Since the mid-20th century they have led political campaigns for the restoration of homelands and compensation for past losses. Today, there are more than 50 Native reservations in the Southwest, the Navajo Reservation being the largest. Native peoples are found across the region, working in cities and running modern farms. In most tribes, a growing economy based on tourism and gambling has brought much-needed revenue, but battles over land rights and environmental issues are ongoing.

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Rodeo at a Mescalero Apache reservation near Ruidoso, New Mexico

T HE A PACHE reputation as fierce warriors, reinforced by their legendary leaders Cochise and Geronimo (see p42), the Apache were mainly hunter-gatherers thought to have roamed south from their Athabaskan-speaking homelands in northern Canada during the 15th century. Just as, historically, the Apache lived in bands, so today they are divided into three main groups: the Jicarilla, Mescalero-Chiricahua, and Western Apaches. Successful management of their natural resources has ensured a degree of economic stability. The Jicarilla Reservation in northern New Mexico is noted for its excellent hunting and fishing programs, and the Mescalero

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Reservation in southern New Mexico, near the city of Ruidoso (see p224) boasts a ski area and a casino. Visitors are welcome at the Apache reservations, to watch rituals such as the Nah’ih’es or Sunrise Ceremony which marks a girl’s transition to womanhood. Dances, festivals, and rodeos are also held on reservations (see pp32–5).

T HE N AVAJO of more than 200,000, the Navajo Nation is the largest reservation in the Southwest, covering more than 25,000 square miles (64,750 sq km) in Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Utah. The spiritual center of the Navajo Nation is Canyon de Chelly (see pp168 –71) where Navajo

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farmers still live, tending the sheep that were introduced by the Spanish and using their wool to make rugs. The Navajo are generally welcoming to visitors and act as guides in Monument Valley and other sites on their land (see pp164 –5). They have resisted building casinos to raise money, basing their economy on tourism and the sale of natural resources such as oil, coal, and uranium. However, many Navajo are opposed to the pollution that strip-mining and other industrial enterprises have brought. While many Navajo now live off the reservation in cities and towns, the traditional dwelling, the hogan, remains an important focus of their cultural life. Today’s hogan is an octagonal wood cabin, often fitted with electricity and other modern amenities, where family gatherings take place. Navajo religious beliefs are still bound up with daily life, with farmers singing corngrowing songs and weavers incorporating a spirit thread into their rugs. Colorful and intricate sand paintings still play a part in healing ceremonies, which aim to restore hozho, or harmony, to ill or troubled individuals.

Navajo Indian woman shearing the wool from a sheep

ITH A POPULATION

T HE P UEBLO P EOPLE 20 tribes in New Mexico, including the Zuni, and the Hopi in Arizona, the Pueblo people share religious and cultural beliefs. However, there are

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Religion is a fundamental element of the Hopi lifestyle. Their religious ceremonies focus on kachina (or katsina), spirit figures which symbolize nature in all its forms. Familiar to visitors as the painted, carved wooden dolls available in many gift stores, the kachina lie at the heart of Hopi spirituality. During the growing season (December to July), these spirit figures are represented by kachina dancers who visit Hopi villages. During the rest of the year, the spirits are believed to reside in a shrine in the high San Francisco Peaks, north of Flagstaff. Hopi religious ceremonies are often held in the kiva, a round underground chamber, usually closed to visitors (see p161). Other Pueblo tribes also use kivas for ceremonial events, a practice thought to date from the days of the Ancestral Puebloans. Young Hopi Rainbow Dancer

Tohono O’odham painters restore frescoes at San Xavier del Bac

T HE T OHONO O’ ODHAM their close relatives, the Pima people, the Tohono O’odham live in southern Arizona’s Sonoran Desert. Due to the harsh nature of the environment ONG WITH

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here, neither tribe has ever been moved off its ancestral lands. However, both tribes are among the most anglicized in the region. The Pima were guides to the US Army during the Indian Wars of the 1860s. Today’s Tohono O’odam are mainly Christian, the mission church of San Xavier del Bac is on Tohono O’odham land south of Tucson (see pp88 –9), 9 but still hold some of their traditional ceremonies, such as the Nawait or Saguaro Wine Festival and the Tcirkwena Dance. They are also known for their fine basketwork.

T HE U TE HIS TRIBE ONCE reigned over a vast territory. As late as the 1850s their lands covered 85 percent of Colorado. Steady encroachment by settlers and mining interests eventually forced them to resettle. Today, the Ute welcome visitors to their two reservations along the southern Colorado border. The Ute Mountain Reservation is home to the little known but spectacular Ancestral Puebloan ruins of Ute Mountain Tribal Park (see p172 –3), and the southern Ute Reservation attracts thousands of visitors each year to the popular Sky Ute Casino, Lodge, and Museum. The southern Utes also hold a colorful Bear Dance on Memorial Day weekend that is open to the public.

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linguistic differences, with five languages spoken in different pueblos. Most Pueblo tribes trace their ancestry to the Ancestral Puebloan people (see pp160 –61), who spread across the area from around 300–200 BC. Acoma Pueblo, also known as “Sky City” because of its high position on a sandstone mesa, is thought to be among the oldest inhabited pueblos in the country. Nineteen of the pueblos are strung out along the fertile valley of the Rio Grande River Valley. Their history and varied culture is traced at Albuquerque’s impressive Indian Pueblo Cultural Center (see pp214 –5). Today, most pueblos produce distinctive arts and crafts, such as the artistic pottery of the Hopi or the fine jewelry of Zuni. The colorful ceremonies of the Rio Grande Pueblos vary from village to village, with the Corn Dance being the most common. Held on various dates from late spring to summer (see p33), the dance is meant to insure a successful harvest. Visitors should behave respectfully, remembering that despite the festive atmosphere, these dances are religious rituals. Much Pueblo ceremony is carried out in private, away from the eyes of tourists.

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Ute woman sewing moccasins with Mount Ute in the background

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Native Art of the Southwest HE NATIVE PEOPLES of the American Southwest have a proud artistic heritage. They produced painted pottery, basketwork, and jewelry of distinction for centuries, often using stylized images of animals and plants to express their Hopi-made coiled basket spiritual relationship with nature. As the region’s tourist trade developed, in the 19th century, such products became sought after by visitors. In the 20th century a Native fine art movement began with watercolors, which initially depicted Native ceremonies. Such works proved popular with collectors and marked the beginning of an interest in and market for southwestwern Native art. Today, artists work in all media, including sculpture, video, and installations, and in all styles such as abstract expressionism or realism.

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Rugmaking traditions in the Southwest belong to the Navajo and Pueblo, with Puebloan examples dating from prehistoric times. Navajo weaving is best known; these rugs were sought after by tourists as early as the mid-1800s, and by the late 19th century colorful regional distinctions emerged.

Basketwork is a tradition associated with all Native peoples of the Southwest. Braided, twined, or coiled from willow or yucca leaves, the baskets are decorated differently according to the tribe.

N ATIVE A MERICAN PAINTING The Apache developed the art of animal-skin painting in which warriors celebrated their deeds in pictographs. Designs, often scenes of men and horses in battle or hunting, were scratched on the surface and color added with bone or brush. After 1900 a fine art movement developed, including fine impressionistic and abstract works such as Red Tailed Hawk (1986) by Hopi/Tewa artist Dan Namingha.

Pottery originated around 200 BC with the coiled pots of the Mimbres people. These mid-20th-century pots are a polished blackware jar from San Ildefonso Pueblo (left) and a patterned jar from Acoma (above).

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Contemporary sculpture by Native American artists can be seen in galleries across the Southwest. They include this piece called Dineh (1981) by famous American sculptor Allan Houser. Dineh is the word the Navajo use to describe themselves. This is a modernist work, cast in bronze, whose smooth planes and clean lines appear to represent the dignity and strength of this couple.

E ARLY N ATIVE A MERICAN A RT Outstanding examples of early Southwestern pottery, basketwork, and hide paintings have been marvelously preserved because of the area’s dry climate, in spite of the fact that they are made from perishable organic materials such as clay, yucca fiber, and painted animal skins. As a result, more is known about early indigenous art here than in any other part of North America. The earliest pieces date back to around 200 BC, with textiles a later development. By AD 600, the styles of the three main groups: the Hohokam, Mogollon, and Ancestral Puebloan peoples had begun to merge and to absorb outside influences, seen in the Mexican designs on some ancient pots. Ancient pottery bowl

Silverwork has been produced by the Navajo, Zuni, and Hopi peoples for centuries. Since the mid-19th century, Navajo jewelers have incorporated Spanish styles. Zuni and Hopi silver is made in a different way. They adopted an intricate overlay process in the 1930s, distinguished by raised silver patterns against a dark background.

Carving focuses mainly on wooden dolls, or kachinas, whittled mostly from pine or cottonwood. The Pueblo peoples, especially the Hopi, are noted for their masked figurines, which depict kachina spirits.

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The Southwest: Backdrop for the Movies of the Southwest is familiar the world over thanks to the countless movies that have been filmed here. As legendary actor John Wayne once said: “TV you can do on the back lot; for the real outdoor dramas, you have to do them where God put the West.” Monument Valley (see pp164 –5) is famous for its association with John Ford’s Westerns, while the stark beauty of southern Utah, particularly around the Moab and Kanab areas, has appeared in several films. The popular idea of the “Wild West” (see pp54 –5) has been formed more through film than by any other medium, and visitors to the Southwest may find much of its scenery strangely familiar. Many TV series and commercials have also been shot here.

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Old Tucson Studio was built for the 1940 motion picture Arizona. The studio is still a popular movie location and is now also home to a family-oriented,Wild West theme park (see pp86–7).

Johnson Canyon, n near Kanab (see p148), was the location of the 1962 film How the West was Won. It is a western town set that was built for the 1952 movie Westward the Women. Today, the set is open to visitors.

J OHN F ORD AND M ONUMENT VALLEY John Ford was not the first director to shoot a movie using Monument Valley’s spectacular buttes as a backdrop. That honor goes to George B. Seitz, who filmed The Vanishing American there in 1924. But it was John Ford’s genius that captured the spectacle of the West as people had never seen it before. His first movie there, Stagecoach (1939), so enthralled audiences that it brought the Western back into vogue and made the young John Wayne into a star. Ford set a new standard for movies, bringing the grandeur of the West to the big screen, and setting off a “studio stampede” of directors wanting to utilize the beauty of the region. In all, over 60 movies and countless TV shows, commercials, and videos have used Monument Valley as a spectacular panoramic backdrop.

Director John Ford on the set of Stagecoach

Moab’s snow-capped mountains, red rock formations, and deep river canyons (see p141) have been the backdrop for over 100 major motion pictures, including Thelma and Louise in 1991.

Robert Zemeckis used Monument Valley in 1990 as the backdrop for the third installment of his Back to the Future series of films, starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd.

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T HE S UNDANCE F ILM F ESTIVAL Actor and director Robert Redford owns the Sundance Resort, which combines an environmentally responsible mountain vacation development with an institute for the promotion of the cinematic arts. Founded by Redford in 1981, the Sundance Film Festival takes place annually in the second half of January. The majority of screenings, which showcase independent film- and documentary-makers, are not held at the Sundance Resort (about 75 miles (121 km) northwest of Moab), but in Park City and at the Tower Theater in Salt Lake City. The festival has become America’s foremost venue for innovative cinema and attracts the big Hollywood names. Tickets sell out quickly, so make ticket and lodging reservations ahead. Robert Redford at the Sundance Film Festival in 1998

Monument Valley was favored by John Ford, who directed r nine movies using the area dubbed “Ford Country” and other southern Utah sites as backdrops. Many, like the 1956 epic The Searchers, are considered classics.

Dead Horse Point State Park (see p143) has long been used by directors who want a spectacular setting. It was seen in the 1991 film Thelma and Louise and, more recently, actor Tom Cruise freeclimbed up the sheer cliff-face in the thrilling opening sequence of Mission Impossible: 2.

Tombstone was the setting for the 1993 film of the same name (see p92). Starring Val Kilmer, Sam Elliott, Bill Paxton, and Kurt Russell, it is a modern interpretation of the Western genre.

Lake Powell is the most spectacular artificial lake in the US (see pp150–51). Its stark and otherworldy beauty has been used as a set for such diverse movies as the 1967 Dean Martin Western Rough Night in Jericho, the 1965 biblical epic The Greatest Story Ever Told (pictured here), with Charlton Heston, and the 1968 science fiction classic Planet of the Apes.

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THE SOUTHWEST THROUGH THE YEAR HE WEATHER in the Southwest many people prefer to travel to the is well known for its Southwest during spring and fall. extremes, ranging from This part of the world is the heat of the desert to the ice particularly beautiful in fall, and snow of the mountains – with its astounding array of temperatures vary according golds, reds, and yellows in to altitude, so the higher the forests and national the elevation of the land, the parks. The area’s diverse cooler the area will be. mix of Native, Hispanic, and Because the climate can be Stringing ristras of hot European (Anglo) cultures chile peppers unbearably hot during the gives visitors the opporsummer, particularly in Arizona, tunity to experience many different southern Utah, and New Mexico, kinds of festivals and celebrations.

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S PRING weather can be unpredictable in the spring, many festivals and celebrations are held at this time throughout the Southwest. Around Easter, prayers for a good harvest inspire several of the festivals and rituals held in the pueblos.

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M ARCH Guild Indian Fair and Market (first weekend) Phoenix. Held at the Heard Museum, the fair features Indian dancing, arts, crafts, and Native American food. Rio Grande Arts and Crafts Festival (mid-Mar) Albuquerque. This popular festival features handcrafted items from more than 200 artists and craftsmen.

Hispanic musicians or mariachis play at a Cinco de Mayo celebration

A PRIL American Indian Week (mid-Apr) Albuquerque. Arts and dancing at the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center. Gathering of Nations Pow Wow (late Apr) Albuquerque. Native American performers and traders from 300 tribes. Square Dance Festival (late Apr) Red Rock State Park. A three-day festival including performances and workshops. T & C Fiesta (late Apr) Truth or Consequences. A rodeo, street entertainment, and oldtime fiddlers’ competition.

S UMMER summer weather is the time for many open-air events, from such sports activities as boat racing and rodeos to cultural

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events as diverse as country music and opera. The weather in July and August, however, can be extreme, especially in southern Arizona, which sees very high temperatures and violent summer storms.

M AY El Cinco de Mayo (5 May) Celebrated across many southwestern towns. Festivities to mark the 1862 Mexican victory over the French include parades, dancing, and Mexican food. Taos Film Festival (early May) Taos. Film screenings at locations throughout Taos. Santa Cruz Feast Day (early May) Taos and Cochiti pueblos. Celebrations include blessing the fields and a colorful corn dance. Tucson Folk Music Festival (early May) Tucson. A wide

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selection of folk music at various venues in Tucson. Taste of Durango (midMay) Durango. Food, music, and family fun fill the streets as the town’s restaurants stage a cook-off contest. La Vuelta de Bisbee (late Apr or early May) Bisbee. A professional, 80-mile (129-km) bicycle race in the Bisbee area. Helldorado Days and Rodeo (mid-May) Las Vegas. A week-long festival of rodeo events and art shows. Wiminfest (late May) Albuquerque. A three-day celebration of women’s music, comedy, and culture at different venues throughout the city.

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J ULY UFO Encounter (early Jul) Roswell. A series of lectures on UFOs, also featuring concerts and entertainment.

An exhibit at Roswell’s UFO Encounter event

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Shakespeare Sedona (month-long) Sedona. Theatrical productions of Shakespearean selections are performed throughout the whole month of July. Spanish Market (last weekend) Santa Fe. A lively celebration featuring arts and crafts by contemporary Hispanic artists. Arizona Cardinals Training Camp (late Jul–mid-Aug) Flagstaff. Most practice sessions of this NFL team are open to the public. Santa Fe Opera (Jul –Aug) Santa Fe. The company performs a variety of operas in an open-air arena . Chamber Music Festival (Jul –Aug) Santa Fe. One of the finest chamber music festivals in America is held at venues throughout the city.

Nambe Falls Celebration (early Jul) Nambe Pueblo. Traditional dancing, food, and arts and crafts in a J UNE beautiful hillside setting. Fourth of July (4 July) Most San Antonio Feast Day (13 Southwestern towns. CeleJune) e Sandia Pueblo. This A UGUST brations include parades, festival welcomes visitors fireworks, rodeos, sports, Old Lincoln Days (first and features tribal dancing. music festivals, and weekend) Lincoln. A festival The Annual Bluegrass and ceremonial Indian dances. Country Music Festival featuring a re-enactment of Flagstaff Festival of the the death of Billy the Kid, (mid-Jun) Telluride. One Arts (early Jul –mid-Aug) g including the of the West’s biggest music Flagstaff. A Last Escape of events is held outdoors here. celebration of Utah Summer Games (mid- the arts, featuring Billy the Kid e Cedar City. The late June) pageant. films, concerts, games include a marathon, Inter-Tribal plays, and operas. Indian cycling, tennis, and swimming. Frontier Days Ceremonial New Mexico Arts and Crafts (first week) (mid-Aug) Red Fair (late Jun) Albuquerque. Prescott. The Rock State Park, Traditional arts and crafts, oldest profesnear Gallup. Fifty plus food and entertainments. sional rodeo Utah Shakespeare Festival tribes take part in the world, in dances, pow (Jun –Oct) t Cedar City. Plays featuring calf are produced in two of the wows, parades, roping and wild Rainbow Dancers at town’s theaters. rodeos, and horse racing. Nambe Falls Celebration races. Includes Taos Summer Chamber Taos Pueblo arts and crafts. g Music Festival (Jun –Aug) Pow Wow Bat-Flight Breakfast (midTaos and Angel Fire. This (second week) Taos Pueblo. Aug) Carlsbad Caverns. festival takes the form of Traditional ceremonies and Participants can enjoy an a series of outdoor concerts. dances at the Taos Pueblo. outdoor breakfast, while watching thousands of bats as they return to the caves. Indian Market (third weekend) Santa Fe. Held since 1922, the market is an opportunity to buy a wide selection of high quality Native arts and crafts. Great American Duck Race (fourth weekend) Deming. Includes live duck racing, a tortilla toss, a best dressed duck contest, concerts, food, Annual Bluegrass and Country Music Festival in Telluride and Deming’s biggest parade.

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FALL forests and mountains of the Southwest are striking, ablaze with brilliant yellows, reds, and golds. Fall is one of the best seasons for touring and sightseeing because the temperatures become cooler and more comfortable.

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S EPTEMBER Navajo Nation Fair and Rodeo (early Sep) Window Rock. The largest Indian fair in the US features a parade, a rodeo, traditional song and dance, and arts and crafts. Hatch Chile Festival (early Sep/Labor Day weekend) Hatch. Cooking, music, and arts and crafts in the center of the chile-growing industry. Rendezvous of the Gunfighters (Labor Day weekend) Tombstone. Includes a parade, stagecoach rides, chili cook-offs, and mock shootouts.

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balloons take part in this stunning event (see p272), which is the largest of its kind in the world. Geronimo Days (second week) Truth or Consequences. Celebrations with Native American, Hispanic, and cowboy entertainers. Lincoln County Cowboy Symposium (second weekend) Ruidoso. A celebration of life in the Old West, with cowboy poets, storytellers, and musicians as well as country dancing.

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The All-American Futurity (early Sep/Labor Day) Ruidoso Downs Racetrack. Quarter horse race with prize money in excess of $2 million. New Mexico State Fair (mid-Sep) Albuquerque. One of the largest state fairs in the nation, with rodeos, carnivals, exhibits, and music. Grand Canyon Music Festival (mid-Sep) Grand Canyon Village. Fine chamber music, from baroque to classical, jazz, fusion, and crossover. Flagstaff Festival of Science (late Sep) Flagstaff. Ten days of events, including field trips and interactive exhibits, at museums and observatories. The Whole Enchilada Festival (late Sep) Las Cruces. Featuring the world’s largest enchilada (see p249), as well as arts and crafts.

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Helldorado Days (third weekend) Tombstone. The festival features re-enactments, parades, a carnival, music, and street entertainment. Fat Tire Festival (last week) Moab. The festivities include mountain bike guided tours, workshops, and a hill climb.

in the Southwest is celebrated in traditional American style, with lights decorating almost every building and tree. The ski season stretches from midNovember to early April in the region’s many resorts. Skiing, snow-boarding, and ice-skating are all popular. HRISTMAS

N OVEMBER Festival of the Cranes (mid-Nov) Socorro. Festival held during the November migration of whooping cranes to the Bosque del Apache Wildlife Refuge (see p218).

D ECEMBER La Fiesta de Tumacacori (first weekend) Tumacacori. Festival held on mission grounds to celebrate the Native American heritage of the upper Santa Cruz Valley. Santa Fe Film Festival (first week) Santa Fe. Screening of films from around the world, including the best in contemporary cinema and tributes to veteran stars.

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A skiier descending the Ridge in Taos Ski Valley

Old Town Stroll (first Friday) Albuquerque. The town’s Christmas festivities begin in the Old Town with a parade, lighting of the tree, live music, and food stalls. Guided Night Walk (mid–late Dec) Santa Fe. A tour of the town’s sights illuminated by Christmas lights.

New Year (Jan 1) Martin Luther King Jr Day (3rd Mon in Jan) Presidents’ Day (3rd Mon in Feb) Easter Sunday (variable) El Cinco de Mayo (May 5) Memorial Day (last Mon in May) Independence Day (July 4) Pioneer Day (July 24 – Utah) Labor Day (1st Mon in Sept) Columbus Day (2nd Mon in Oct) Veterans Day (Nov 11) Thanksgiving (4th Thu in Nov) Christmas Day (Dec 25)

J ANUARY Fiesta Bowl Festival and Parade (Dec 31/New Year’s Day) Phoenix. College football at ASU Sun Devil Stadium. San Ildefonso Pueblo Feast Day (late Jan) San Ildefonso Pueblo. Ceremonial dances commemorate this feast day. Southern Arizona Square and Round Dance & Clogging Festival (late-Jan) Tucson. The festival attracts thousands of dancers. PGA Phoenix Golf FBR Open (late Jan/early Feb) Phoenix. PGA’s annual golf championship in Phoenix.

Player at PGA/FBR Open golf championship in Phoenix

Saguaro Cactus illuminated by Christmas lights

F EBRUARY Tubac Festival of the Arts (early Feb) Tubac. A highlight of the town’s calendar, and one of the most important arts and crafts festivals in southern Arizona. Silver Spur Rodeo (first weekend) Yuma. Along with the rodeo, this festival features arts and crafts and Yuma’s biggest parade. Tucson Gem and Mineral Show (mid-Feb) Tucson. Open to visitors, this is one of the biggest gem and mineral shows in the US. La Fiesta de los Vaqueros (late Feb) Tucson. A rodeo and other cowboy events, plus the world’s largest non-motorized parade.

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T H E H I S TO RY O F THE SOUTHWEST for its landscape, dominated by desert, deep canyons, and high mesas. Despite the arid conditions native civilizations have lived here for thousands of years, adjusting to the arrival of other cultures – the Hispanic colonizers of

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HE SOUTHWEST IS KNOWN

the 17th and 18th centuries and the Anglo-Americans of the 19th and 20th. Its rich history has created a fascinating multicultural heritage. large Pleistocene mammals died Long before the appearance of out, and tribal people turned to the first Spanish explorers in the roots and berries to supplement 1500s, the Southwest was intheir diets. Anthropologists habited by a variety of native believe settled farming societies populations. Groups of hunters appeared gradually as the popuwalked here across the Bering lation grew, and that new crops Straits over a land bridge that and farming techniques were once joined Asia with North introduced by migrants and America around 25,000 – 35,000 years ago. Descendants of these Kachina traders from Mexico in around doll 800 BC, when corn first began primitive hunter-gatherers, to be cultivated in the region. sometimes called Paleo-Indians, gradually fanned out across the Among the early farmers of the American continent as far south as Southwest were the Basketmakers, present-day Argentina. The early named for their finely wrought inhabitants of the Southwest baskets. Part of the Early Ancestral endured centuries of hardship and Puebloan, or Anasazi, culture, these adaptation to develop the technology people are thought to have lived in and skills required to survive the extended family groups, in pithouse dwellings. These were holes dug out rigors of life in this arid landscape. of the earth up to 6 ft (2 m) deep, with roofs above ground. The T HE F IRST I NHABITANTS The first Native American peoples in Basketmakers were efficient hunters, the Southwest region have been using spears and domesticated dogs. called the Clovis, named for the site They kept turkeys, whose feathers in New Mexico where stone were highly valued as decoration. spearheads were found embedded By around AD 500, agrarian in mammoth bones. This hunter society was well established in the society roamed the area in small Southwest and large villages, or groups between 10,000 and 8,000 BC. pueblos, began to develop. These Gradually, however, their prey of usually centered around a large

T IMELINE Stone spear point 30,000 BC

10,000 – 8,000 BC Nomadic Clovis culture hunted in New Mexico. They made tools out of mammoth ivory and stone 20,000 BC

30,000 –25,000 BC First nomadic people cross Bering Strait land bridge from Asia to North America

Papago Indian woman from Pima County, Arizona, 1903

800 BC Corn brought to the Southwest from Mexico. Start of agriculture, although the semi-nomadic quest for food still predominates 10,000 BC

10,000 BC Man reaches the tip of South America

5,000 – 500 BC Cochise people arrive in southeastern Arizona. Also known as people of the “Desert Culture”

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pithouse that was used for communal T HE N AVAJO AND THE A PACHE or religious use – the forerunner of The Navajo and Apache peoples the ceremonial kiva, which is still originated in the Athabascan culture very much in use today (see p161). of the north of the American continent, in Canada and Alaska. The Navajo A NCIENT C ULTURES moved south between 1200 and By AD 700 there were three main 1400, while the Apache are thought cultures in the Southwest: the Hoho- to have arrived in the Southwest kam, the Mogollon, and the Ancestral some time in the late 15th century. Puebloan. They had slowly developed, The Navajo were hunters who took from around 200 and to herding sheep brought by the 300 BC, into soci- Spanish. There were four Apache eties based on groups: the Jicarilla, the Mescalero, the settled commu- Chiricahua, and the Western Apache, nities and culti- who continued their nomadic lifestyle. vated crops. The Apache were known as skillful Ancestral Puebloan warriors, especially the Chiricahua people began to Apache of southern Arizona, whose Hohokam h k pot build more elaborate leaders Cochise and Geronimo fought dwellings that grew into cities such as Hispanic and Anglo settlers in an Chaco Canyon (see pp174 –5) in AD attempt to deter them from coloni800 and Mesa Verde (see pp180 –81) zing the area in the late 19th century. in AD 1000. These settlements were mysteriously abandoned in the 12th and 13th centuries (see p161). It is thought the people migrated to the Pueblo Indian settlements along the Rio Grande valley and northwest New Mexico, and to Hopi mesa and Acoma, where their descendants live today. The Hohokam farmed the deserts of central and southern Arizona between 300 BC and AD 1350. Their irrigation systems enabled them to grow two crops a year. It is thought that today’s Tohono O’odham Navajo cornfield near Holbrook, Arizona, in 1889 (Papago) and the Pima Indians of southern Arizona are descendants T HE A RRIVAL OF THE S PANISH of the Hohokam (see pp26 –7). In 1539, the Franciscan priest, Fray The Mogollon were known for their Marcos de Niza, led the first Spanish pottery and adjusted to an agrarian expedition into the Southwest region. lifestyle when agricultural crops arrived He was inspired by hopes of finding from Mexico. They are thought to wealthy Indian cities, such as those have become assimilated into Ancestral the Spanish had conquered in South Puebloan groups and their descen- America, and the desire to convert dants living in the north of the region. native populations to Christianity. His

T IMELINE 300 BC Hohokam civilization in central and southern Arizona Ancient bracelet

200 BC Pre-Ancestral Puebloan Basketmakers culture in Four Corners region AD 1

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700 First ancestors settle on the Hopi mesas. Villages of pit houses well established

Mimbres coiled pot

600 600 Earliest date for settlement of Acoma and Hopi Mesas

800 800 Large pueblos such as Chaco Canyon under construction

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A COMA P UEBLO

The Hopi villages of Old Oraibi and Walpi, and the Acoma Pueblo perch on high mesas in northeastern Arizona and northern New Mexico. Dated to AD 1150, they are believed to be America’s oldest continually occupied settlements. The Ancestral Puebloan forebears of the Hopi and Acoma peoples arrived between AD 1100 and 1300, a period known as the “Gathering of the Clans.” The first to arrive was the Bear Clan, from Mesa Verde. Others came from Canyon de Chelly, Chaco Canyon, the cliff dwellings of Keet Seel, and Betatakin in the Navajo National Monument.

expedition sent an advance party into Zuni tribal lands. Messages came back describing villages that Marcos identified as the fabled kingdom of gold, or Cibola. The priest never got there, but the myth of riches persisted. A year later, Francisco Vasquez de 6 returned with Coronado (see p216) 330 soldiers, 1,000 Indian allies, and more than 1,000 head of livestock. He conquered the trading center of Zuni Pueblo and spent two years traversing Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Kansas in search of Cibola. Coronado’s brutal treatment of the Pueblo people, sacking homes and burning villages, sowed the seeds for the Pueblo Revolt 140 years later.

Acoma pueblo, New Mexico (see p217)

T HE C OLONY OF N EW M EXICO Without gold, the Spanish lost interest until Juan de Oñate’s 1598 expedition. He set up a permanent colony called New Mexico, which included all of the present-day states of New Mexico and Arizona, as well as parts of Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and California. Spanish attempts to conquer the Indian pueblos led to bloody battles. Oñate’s cruelty, coupled with harsh conditions and bad harvests, caused many settlers to flee the colony. A new governor, Don Pedro de Peralta, was instated in 1610, and Santa Fe became the capital.

Engraving by b Norman Price of Coronado d setting out to d discover a llegendary d k kingdom d of gold ld in 1540 4

1100 –1300 “Gathering of the Clans” on the Hopi mesas 00

1000 1020 Chaco Canyon is at its height as a trading and cultural center

1400 The Navajo and Apache migrate from Canada to the Southwest 1300 Mesa Verde deserted 1200

c.1250 Ancient sites are mysteriously abandoned; new pueblos established along Rio Grande Juan de Oñate

1540 – 42 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado leads a search for gold in New Mexico 1400

1539 Fray Marcos de Niza heads first Spanish expedition to Southwest 1598 Juan de Oñate founds permanent colony in New Mexico

1610 Don Pedro de Peralta founds the capital of Santa Fe 1600

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Despite the harsh conditions, more settlers, priests, and soldiers began to return to the area, determined to subdue the native people and to suppress their religious practices.

Illustration of the 1680 Pueblo Indian Revolt

T HE P UEBLO R EVOLT As the colonists spread out, they seized Pueblo farmlands and created huge ranches for themselves. The Pueblo people refused to work for them and continued to resist the new religion. When, in 1675, three native religious leaders were hanged in Santa Fe and more than 40 others publicly whipped, Popé, a Pueblo leader, started a resistance movement. The uprising on August 9, 1680, resulted in the deaths of 375 colonists and 21 priests, with the remaining 2,000 settlers driven south across the Rio Grande. The Pueblo people did not manage to rid the region of the Spanish. In 1692, Don Diego de Vargas reclaimed Santa Fe. There were signs, however, of a relatively more tolerant relationship between Indian and colonizer.

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T HE E ND OF THE S PANISH E RA By the late 18th century, the Spanish wanted to extend their power to California and secure the Pacific coast against the English and the Russians. Their first Arizona settlement was at Tubac, near Tucson in 1752. In 1775, Juan Bautista de Anza reached the Pacific Coast and founded San Francisco in Alta California (see p24). As the Southwest opened up, Anglo-Americans were presented with new trading opportunities. In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Napoleon sold Louisiana, an enormous area of about 828,000 sq miles (2.2 million sq km) of land, to the recently formed United States. The US and New Mexico now shared a border, but the Anglos proved the stronger power. The fight for Mexico’s independence from Spain began on September 16, 1810, but it was not until 1821 that independence was finally declared.

T HE M ISSIONS In the late 17th century, Jesuit missionary Father Eusebio Kino lived alongside and established a rapport with the Pima people of southern Arizona. He initiated the Jesuit practice of bringing gifts of livestock and seeds for new crops, including wheat. Those natives involved in the missionary program escaped forced labor. Kino inspired the natives living south of Tucson, at a place called Bac, to begin work on what was to become the Southwest’s most beautiful mission church, San Xavier del Bac (see pp88 –9). 9 When Kino died in 1711, there were around 20 missions across the area. Father Eusebio Kino

T IMELINE 1692 Dieggo de Vargas reetakes San nta Fe

1706 Settlement established at Albuquerque 1711 Death of Father Kino; 20 missions in southern Arizona

1730s First European settlement in Arizona established at Tubac

1700 1691 Jesuit missionary Father Eusebio Kino, establishes first mission at Tumacacori, Arizona

1740 Mission at Tumacacori

1752 Presidio (fortress) built at Tubac, near Tucson, Arizona

1775 City of Tucson founded. Juan Batista de Anza forges trail to San Francisco

Anza 1760

1776 Franciscan priests, Escalante and Dominguez, first travel the Old Spanish Trail

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T HE I MPACT OF THE A MERICAN C IVIL WAR When the Civil War broke out in 1861, many Southwesterners had Confederate sympathies, siding with the southern states against the north, or Union. They tried to declare Arizona A NGLO -A MERICAN S ETTLEMENT a Confederate territory but in 18 62, Conflicts over land rights marked the Union forces repelled Confederates at period following the 1803 Louisiana Glorieta Pass, near Santa Fe. In 1863, Purchase. While the Hispanic the federal government and Native inhabitants of recognized Arizona as a the region were happy separate territory, and to trade with the drew the state line that Anglos, they were exists between it and angered by the new New Mexico today. settlers who built After the Civil War, ranches and even reports of land and towns on lands to The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 mineral wealth in which they had no the West filtered legal right. By the 1840s the United back east, and Anglo settlement of States had embarked on a vigorous the West rapidly increased. Rich lodes expansion westward, with settlers of gold, silver, and copper were accompanied by United States’ discovered in Arizona, and mining soldiers. In 1845 the US acquired camps such as Tombstone, Jerome, Texas and, when Mexico resisted and Bisbee in Arizona (see pp92–93), further moves, the president sent an and Silver City in New Mexico army to take control of New Mexico, became boomtowns. In Colorado, starting the Mexican War. The Treaty Silverton, Ouray, and Telluride (see of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended the pp178 –9) also grew up around the conflict in 1848, and gave the US the mining industry in the Mexican Cesion (comprising California, late 19th century. Utah, including Nevada and parts of Wyoming and Colorado, and New Mexico, which included northern Arizona) for $18.25 million. In 1854 the United States bought southern Arizona through the Gadsden Purchase for $10 million. While each region had its own territorial capital for administering law, they were not able to elect national representatives to Congress. Engraving depicting an Apache attack on Anglo settlers (c.1886) The Republic of Mexico was founded in 1824. Newly independent Mexicans were glad to do business with their Anglo-American neighbors, who brought much-needed trade after the Spanish block on goods going west.

1778 Construction of Mission San Xavier del Bac underway

1803 The Louisiana Purchase extends US boundaries to the New Mexican border

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1792 Pedro Vial establishes a route to Santa Fe

1824 Republic of Mexico founded 1822 Mexican War of Independence ends

1800 1821 Mexico declares independence from Spain. William Becknell leads traders from the east along the Santa Fe Trail

1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo cedes Mexican territory to US 1846 – 48 The Mexican War

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1853 The U US acquires sou uthern Arizona with the Gadsden n Purchase

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Trader’s wagon

1855 Mormon settlers try to found first settlement at Moab in southern Utah, but repelled by Ute Indians

1857 The Utah W War, Morm mon settlerrs fight U US troopss

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The Arrival of the Anglo-Americans HE FIRST NON-SPANISH PEOPLE of European descent, or AngloAmericans, to arrive in the Southwest were “mountain men” or fur trappers in the early 1800s. They learned survival skills from Native tribes, married Native women, and usually spoke more than one Native language, and Spanish. The opening of the Old Spanish Trail in 1776, and the forerunner to the Santa Fe Trail from St. Louis in the East in 1792, made the region accessible to traders and settlers (see pp24 –5). Yet it was only after Mexican independence was declared in 1821 that the territory opened up to Anglo traders who brought luxury goods such as oranges, silk handkerchiefs, and whisky. American soldiers arrived in 1846, and by the 1850s the US Government had taken the region from the Mexicans. The Anglos, determined to subdue both Native and Hispanic populations, wrested away their lands to make way for vast ranches and towns such as Tombstone, which grew around the discovery of silver in 1877.

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The Mexican War This lithograph shows a battle in the 1846 – 8 war between the US and Mexico. After capturing Mexico City, the Americans agreed to pay $18.25 million in exchange for possession of New Mexico and California.

A PACHE WARRIORS The nomadic Apache lived in small communities in southeastern Arizona, and southern and northwestern New Mexico. Seen as a threat to the settlement of these territories, the US military was determined to wipe them out. The hanging of one of Chief Cochise’s relatives in 1861 instigated a war which lasted more than a decade until Apache reservations were established in 1872. In 1877, a new leader, Victorio, launched a three-year guerrilla war against settlers that ended only with his death. The most famous Apache leader, Geronimo, led a campaign against the Mexicans and Anglos from 1851 until he surrendered in 1886 and was sent to a reservation in Florida. Apache leader Geronimo, in a fierce pose in this picture from 1886

Mountain Man Jim Bridger was one of many rugged individuals to open up trade routes to the west in the 1820s.

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Mining Boom Prospector In the second half of the 1800s, the region was a magnet for miners seeking their fortune. In reality, few individuals profited as large companies swiftly gained control of the mining areas.

The Coming of the Railroad In 1869, the transcontinental railroad brought an influx of miners, adventurers, and tourists to the Southwest, and saw new industries emerge. The Long Walk Portrait of Navajo leader, Manuelito (1818 –1894) taken after the Long Walk. More than 8,000 Navajo were sent to New Mexico in 1864. Many died on the way.

WAGON T RAINS ON THE S ANTA F E T RAIL Charles Ferdinand’s The Attack on the Emigrant Train (1856) depicts the conflicts between the Apache and traders and settlers who poured into the Southwest after the establishment of the Santa Fe Trail (see pp24 –5). Apache were often depicted attacking wagon trains. The Apache, who had a fierce reputation, felt justifiably threatened by Anglo settlers.

Anglo-American Influence John Gast’s American Progress (1872) shows Indians pursued by a woman in a white robe – a symbol of American culture. The schoolbook represents education; trains, ships, and settlers are all signs of “civilization.”

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A group of cowboys roping a steer, painted by C. M. Russell (1897)

L AND D ISPUTES included the Lincoln County War, After the Civil War, the US Govern- known for its famous protagonist, ment set about clearing more land for Billy the Kid (see p54). As Anglo settlers. In 1864, more than 8,000 ranchers seized land, the New Navajo people were forced from their Mexicans’ tradition of communal land lands and made to march “The Long use was overturned and many indigWalk” of 400 miles (644 km) east to a enous farmers lost their livelihoods. reservation at Bosque Redondo in By the 1880s four major railroads New Mexico. Some died en route as crossed the region bringing new a result of the harsh weather and Anglo settlers in search of prosperity. many more from disease at the reser- They came fully believing in their vation. In 1868, the Navajo were right to exploit the resources of this given 20,000 square miles (51,800 sq new land, and the railroad became a km) of land across Arizona, New catalyst for new industries in the Mexico, and southern region, such as lumberUtah. The Chiricahua jacking, cattle farming, Apache continued to fight and mineral mining. against forced settlement Luxury goods brought for most of the 19th from the East by rail also century until their defeat made life a little easier. and the surrender of their New Mexico and Arizona leader, Geronimo, in 1886. were granted statehood In the 1870s, vast areas in 1912. In the years of the Southwest became leading up to and folhuge cattle and sheep lowing World War I, ranches. Battles between Arizona, in particular, farmers, smallholders, and experienced an economic ranchers were common. Engraving showing Billy the boom because of its rich Frequent “Range Wars” Kid shooting a man in a bar mineral resources.

T IMELINE Geronimo (1829 –1909) 1877 Copper found at Bisbee, Arizona. Silver discovered at Tombstone, Arizona. 1860 1868 Navajo Reservation established in the Four Corners region

1886 Indian Wars end with the surrender of Geronimo 1880

1878 The Lincoln County War begins in Lincoln, New Mexico

1881 Gunfight at OK Corral. Billy the Kid shot in New Mexico

1912 New Mexico and Arizona become 47th and 48th states of the Union

1917 The US enters World War I

1900 1889 Phoenix becomes the territorial capital of Arizona

1920 Grand Canyon steam train

1901 Grand Canyon railroad opens, bringing tourists to the region

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T HE D EMAND FOR WATER As the region’s population expanded, water supply became a pressing issue, and a series of enormous, federally funded dams were built to channel precious water for the burgeoning population of such cities as Phoenix. Dam- and road-building projects aided the region’s economy and attracted even more settlers. The Hoover Dam was constructed between 1931 and 1936, but by the 1960s even that proved inadequate. Glen Canyon Dam was completed in 1963, flooding forever an area of great beauty. The dam created the huge reservoir of Lake Powell, destroying a number of ancient Native ruins. The issue of water continues to be a serious problem in the Southwest as the population keeps on rising. Projects to harness water from any available source are under debate.

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Patriot missile test at White Sands, New Mexico

The Southwest continues to be a major center for national defense research and development, as well as for research into space travel. T HE S OUTHWEST T ODAY The Southwest’s economy continues to prosper, and its population is still growing, augmented by numbers of winter residents or “snowbirds.” Everincreasing numbers of tourists visit the region’s scenic and historic wonders, preserved in the area’s national parks. Established in the early 20th century, the parks have encouraged a heightened awareness of both conservation issues and Native cultures and their legacies, all of which will help guard the Southwest’s precious heritage for generations to come.

W ORLD WAR II The legacy of the war years changed the economic course of the Southwest. New Mexico’s sparsely populated and remote desert areas provided secret research, development, and testing sites for the first atomic bomb, starting with Los Alamos and the Manhattan Project in 1945 (see p186). Military installations such as the Titan Missile Base in southern Arizona and New Mexico’s White Sands Missile Range were of national importance during the Cold War period of the 1950s. Military research, computer technology, and other industrial off-shoots led to urbanization and a post-war population boom. Today, Phoenix and Albuquerque are among the fastest-growing cities in the US. Return of an early 19th-century Ancestral Puebloan artifact

1931-36 Hoover Dam constructed in Arizona 1940 1943 Scientists begin the top-secret Manhattan Project to build an atomic bomb at Los Alamos, New Mexico

1945 First atomic bomb tested at the Trinity site in southern New Mexico

1958 Joint Use Area established in Arizona to settle Hopi and Navajo land disputes 1960 Fat Man atomic bomb

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1982 Space Shuttle Columbia lands at White Sands Space Harbor

1996 Bill Clinton signs Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute Settlement Act

1980 1963 Opening of the Glen Canyon Dam

1974 Start of the Central Arizona Project to extract water from the Colorado River

2000 2000 Forest fires devastate large parts of northern New Mexico and Arizona

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ARIZONA

I N T RO D U C I N G A R I Z O NA 48 –55 G R A N D C A N YO N A N D N O R T H E R N A R I Z O NA 56 –73 P H O E N I X A N D S O U T H E R N A R I Z O NA 74 –93

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Introducing Arizona of land is a region of stunning natural beauty. In Arizona’s southwest corner lies the hostile, but eerily beautiful, Sonoran desert. Its boundaries are occupied by the cities of Tucson and Phoenix, the state’s biggest city and its economic center. To the north, the landscape changes, rising through high desert plateaus toward forests, canyons, and mountains. Here, the city of Flagstaff and the picturesque mountain towns of Sedona and Jerome attract thousands of visitors. The state’s most famous sight is Grand Canyon (see pp58 –63), which draws millions of tourists to Arizona every year.

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The distinctive buttes of Cathedral Rock overlooking a fishing lake at Red Rock crossing near Sedona 72

G ETTING A ROUND Phoenix is a major hub for international and domestic flights. Driving, however, is the preferred option and Arizona has a good network of well-maintained highways. Northern Arizona is bisected by I- 40 and I-10 cuts across the south; I-17 is the main north-south artery. Amtrak operates two train services that cross Arizona, and Greyhound buses run regular services to Arizona from major cities across the US.

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S EE A LSO • Where to stay pp230–45 • Where to eat pp246–63

Skyscrapers dominate the skyline of Downtown Phoenix

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NORTHERN ARIZONA

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Route 66 in Arizona 66 is America’s most famous road. Stretching for 2,448 miles (3,941 km), from Chicago to Los Angeles, it is part of the country’s folklore, symbolizing the freedom of the open road and inextricably Route 66 Flagstaff sign linked to the growth of automobile travel. Known also as “The Mother Road” and “America’s Main Street,” Route 66 was officially opened in 1926 after a 12-year construction process linked the main streets of hundreds of small towns that had been previously isolated. In the 1930s, a prolonged drought in Oklahoma deprived more than 200,000 farmers of their livelihoods and prompted their trek to California along Route 66. This was movingly depicted in John Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939).

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Route 66 in Arizona passes t stretches of wilderness bearin of the trappings of the moder world. The state has the longest remaining stretch of the original road.

Seligman features several Route 66 stores and diners. Set among Arizona’s Upland mountains, the road here passes through scenery that evokes the days of the westward pioneers.

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Oatman is a former gold-mining boomtown. Today, its historic main street is lined with 19th-century buildings and boardwalks. Gunfights are regularly staged here.

The Grand Canyon Caverns, discovered in 1927, are around 0.75 miles (1.2 km) below ground level. On a 45-minute guided tour visitors are led through football field-sized caverns adorned with stalagmites and seams of sparkling crystals.

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P OPULAR C ULTURE

In the 1940s and 1950s, as America’s love affair with the car grew and more people moved west than ever before, hundreds of motels, restaurants, and tourist attractions appeared along Route 66, sporting a vibrant new style of architecture. The road’s end as a major thoroughfare came in the 1970s with the building of a national network of multilane highways. Today, the road is a popular tourist destination in itself, and along the Arizona section, enthusiasts and conservationists have helped to ensure the preservation of many of its most evocative buildings and signs.

L OCATOR M AP Route 66 Map area

Holbrook was founded in 1882 and is another Route 66 landmark. It is famous for Wigwam Village, a restored 1950s motel, where i it t i

Bobby Troup, composer of the popular song, Route 66, in a 1948 Buick convertible

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road, including such stars as Willie Nelson.

Williams is known for its many nostalgic diners and motels. Twisters café (see p251), also known as the Route 66 Place, is crammed with road memorabilia, including the original 1950s soda fountain and bar stools.

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The Geology of Grand Canyon RAND CANYON’S

multicolored layers of rock provide the best record of the Earth’s formation of anywhere in the world. Each stratum of rock reveals a different period in the Earth’s geological history beginning with the earliest, the Precambrian Era, which covers geological time up to 570 million years ago. Almost two billion years of history have been recorded in the canyon, although the most dramatic changes took place relatively recently, five to six million years ago, when the Colorado River began to carve its path through the canyon walls. The sloping nature of the Kaibab Plateau has led to increased erosion in some parts of the canyon.

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A view of Grand Canyon’s plateau and South Rim Canyon rim

View of the North Rim The canyon’s size and beauty are what make it one of the mostvisited sights in the US (see pp58 – 63).

R ECORD OF L IFE The fossils found in each layer tell the story of the development of life on Earth. The oldest layer, the Vishnu Schist, was formed in the Proterozoic era, when the first bacteria and algae were just emerging. Later layers were created by billions of small marine creatures whose hard shells eventually built up into thick layers of limestone.

The Asymmetrical Canyon The North Rim of Grand Canyon is more eroded than the South Rim. The entire Kaibab Plateau slopes to the south, so rain falling at the North Rim flows toward the canyon and over the rim, creating deep side canyons and a wide space between the rim and the river.

The Surprise Canyon Formation Classified by geologists in 1985, this new strata can be seen only in remote parts of the canyon. It was formed 335 million years ago.

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The Colorado River About 5 million years ago the Colorado River changed its course. It is thought that it was encompassed by another, smaller river that flowed through the Kaibab Plateau. The force of the combined waters carved out the deep Grand Canyon.

The South Rim of the canyon lies closer to the Colorado River than the North Rim.

Fish plate fossils are found in the Kaibab limestone.

Vishnu Schist Colorado River

Seedfern leaff fossils are found in the Hermit Shale layer.

Temple Butte limestone contains fossils of marine creatures.

Trilobite fossil of the type found in the canyon’s Bright Angel Shale layer.

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While the Colorado River accounts for the canyon’s depth, its width and formations are the work of even greater forces. Wind rushing through the canyon erodes the limestone and sandstone a few grains at a time. Rain pouring over the canyon rim cuts deep side canyons through the softer rock. Perhaps the greatest canyon-building force is ice. Water from rain and snowmelt works into cracks in the rock. When frozen, it expands, forcing the rock away from the canyon walls. The layers vary in hardness. Soft layers erode quickly into sloped faces. Harder rock resists erosion, leaving sheer vertical faces. Crack formed by ice and water erosion

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The Wild West thousand cowboy movies, the “Wild West” conjures up images of tough men herding cattle across the country before living it up in a saloon. But frontier life was far from romantic. Settlers arriving in this wilderness were caught up in a first-come-first-serve battle for land and wealth, fighting Native Americans and each other for land. The rugged life of the mining prospectors and ranch cowboys helped to create the idea of the American West. Today, visitors can still see mining ghost towns such as Chloride (see p70) or enjoy re-enacted gunfights on the streets of Tombstone. In the late 19th century, however, such survival skills as good shooting often co-existed with a kill-or-be-killed ethos.

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Old mining cottages, s such as this one, may be seen in the Southwest’s many former mining towns. The region’s mining past can be traced in towns such as Oatman (see p70) and Bisbee (see p92).

A reward poster for William Bonney (better known as Billy the Kid), who was one of the Wild West’s most notorious outlaws. He was eventually tracked and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett at Fort Sumner on July 14, 1881 (see p225).

Deadwood Dick was the nickname of cowboy Nat Love – earned because of his cattle-roping skills. Although there were around 5,000 black cowboys, there are no sights or museums commemorating them in the Southwest today.

Cowboys were famous for their horsemanship and sense of camaraderie. The painting shows two friends attempting to save another.

The Questionable Companionship (1902) by Frederic Remington highlights the tensions between Native Americans and the US army, who had played a central role in removing tribes from their ancestral lands.

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Cowboy fashion began to appear in advertisements in around 1900. The ever popular Levi Strauss denim clothing can be bought across the region (see p265).

Guided trail rides are a great way to explore the Wild West and are part of the package of activities available at dude ranches (see p271). These ranches offer visitors the opportunity to experience the contemporary cowboy lifestyle. Horses were vividly depicted in Remington’s dramatic action scenes. They were painted with astonishing realism, revealing a profound knowledge of their behaviour and physique.

T HE G UNFIGHT OK C ORRAL

S OUTHWESTERN C OWBOYS New York-born artist Frederic Sackrider Remington (1861–1909) became well known for his epic portraits of cowboys, horses, soldiers, and Native Americans in the late 19th century. One such example of his work is the oil painting Aiding a Comrade (1890), which celebrates the bravery and loyalty of the cowboy, at a time when they and small-scale ranchers were being superceded by powerful mining companies and ranching corporations. Remington lamented the passing of these heroes: “Cowboys! There are no cowboys anymore!”

AT THE

One of the most famous tales of the Wild West is the Gunfight at the OK Corral, in Tombstone, Arizona (see p92). 2 This struggle pitted two clans against each other, the Clantons and the Earps. The usual, often disputed, version features the Clantons as no-good outlaws and the Earps as the forces of law and order. In 1881 Virgil Earp was the town marshal, and his brothers Morgan and Wyatt were temporary deputies. The showdown on October 26 had the Earps and their ally Doc Holliday on one side and Billy Clanton and the McLaury brothers, Tom and Frank, on the other. Of the seven combatants, only Wyatt Earp emerged untouched by a bullet. Billy, Tom and Frank were all killed. Wyatt Earp moved to Los Angeles, where he died in 1929.

Scene from the 1957 film, Gunfight at the OK Corral, l with Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas

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G R A N D C A N YO N A N D NORTHERN ARIZONA OR MOST PEOPLE ,

northern Arizona is famous as the location of Grand Canyon, a gorge of breathtaking proportions carved out of rock by the Colorado River as it crosses the state on its way west to California. Northern Arizona’s other attractions include the high desert landscape of the Colorado Plateau, with its sagebrush and yucca, punctuated by the forested foothills of the San Francisco Peaks. The Kaibab, Prescott, and Coconino National Forests cover large areas, and provide the setting for the lively city of Flagstaff as

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well as for the charming towns of Sedona and Jerome. This region is also dotted with fascinating mining ghost towns such as Chloride and Oatman, a reminder that Arizona won its nickname, the Copper State, from the mineral mining boom that took place in the first half of the 20th century. More than 25 percent of Arizona is Native American reservation land. The state is also home to several centuriesold Puebloan ruins, most notably the hilltop village of Tuzigoot and the hillside remains of Montezuma Castle.

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Route 66 memorabilia decorating a shop on the Arizona section of the famous road (see pp50– 51)

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Grand Canyon 1 is one of the world’s great natural wonders and an instantly recognizable symbol of the Southwest. The canyon runs through Grand Canyon National Park (see pp60 –63), and is 277 miles (446 km) long, an average of 10 miles (16 km) wide, and around 5,000 ft (1,500 m) deep. It was formed over a period of six million years by the Colorado River, whose fast-flowing waters sliced their way through the Colorado Plateau (see pp18 –19) which includes the gorge and most of northern Arizona and the Four Corners region. The plateau’s geological vagaries have defined the river’s twisted course and exposed vast cliffs and pinnacles that are ringed by rocks of different color, variegated hues of limestone, sandstone, and shale (see pp52 –3). By any standard, the canyon is spectacular, but its special beauty is in the ever-shifting patterns of light and shadow and the colors of the rock, bleached white at midday, but bathed in red and ocher at sunset.

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Havasu Canyon Since 1300 Havasu Canyon has been home to the Havasupai Indians. Now a population of around 500 Indians lives on the Havasupai Reservation, making a living from the tourist trade.

Grandview Point At 7,400 ft (2,250 m), Grandview Point is one of the highest places on the South Rim, the canyon’s southern edge. It is one of the stops along Desert View Drive (see p61). The point is thought to be the spot from where Spanish had their first glimpse of the the canyon in 1540.

Mule trip convoy A mule ride is a popular method of exploring the canyon’s narrow trails.

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North Rim The North Rim receives roughly one tenth the number of visitors of the South Rim. While less accessible, it is a more peaceful destination offering a sense of unexplored wilderness. It has a range of hikes, such as the North Kaibab Trail, a steep descent down to Phantom Ranch on the canyon floor (see p60).

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map B3. n Visitor Center, Canyon View Information Plaza, south of Mather Point, Arizona (928) 638-7888. ∑ www.nps.gov/ grca k Grand Canyon Airport, Tusayan. £ Grand Canyon Railway from Williams daily. c From Flagstaff and Williams. # South Rim: year round: daily. North Rim: summer only. ¢ North Rim: late Nov–midMay: closed by snow. & 7 partial. 8 - = 0

View from Hopi Point Projecting far into the canyon, the tip of Hopi Point offers one of the best sunsetwatching spots along Hermit Road. As the sun sets, it highlights four of the canyon’s beautiful sculpted peaks.

YAVAPAI P OINT AT THE S OUTH R IM Situated 5 miles (8 km) north of the canyon’s South Entrance, along a stretch of the Rim Trail, is Yavapai Point. Its observation station offers spectacular views of the canyon, and a viewing panel identifies several of the central canyon’s landmarks.

Bright Angel Trail Used by both Native Americans and early settlers, the Bright Angel Trail follows a natural route along one of the canyon’s enormous fault lines. It is an appealing option for day-hikers because unlike some other trails in the area, it offers some shade and several seasonal water sources.

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Grand Canyon National Park is a World Heritage Site located entirely within the state of Arizona. The park covers 1,904 sq miles ( of the canyon itself, which s empties into the Colorado, a to Lake Mead (see p120), a won protective status as a after Theodore Roosevelt v it should be kept intact for one great sight which every The National Park was crea The park has two main e South rims of the canyon, tion of the park receives the very conjested during the s

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North Kaibab Trail follows Bright Angel Creek bed, past

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Grand Canyon Lodge Perched above the canyon at Bright Angel Point, the Gran Lodge has rooms and a num dining options (see p63). Bright Angel Trail starts fr South Rim. It is well main but demanding. It descends i canyon and connects with the Kaibab Trail up on the Nor

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Hermit Road A free shuttle bus runs along this route to the Hermes Rest viewpoint during the summer. It is closed to private vehicles March to November.

Grand Canyon Railway Restored steam trains make the 64-mile (103-km) trip from the town of Williams to Grand Canyon Village.

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Exploring Grand Canyon National Park offers awe-inspiring beauty on a vast scale. The magnificent rock formations with towers, cliffs, steep walls, and buttes recede as far as the eye can see, their bands of colored rock varying in shade as Bell near Hermits Rest light changes through the day. The park’s main roads, Hermit Road and Desert View Drive, both accessible from the south entrance, overlook the canyon. Grand Canyon Village is located on the South Rim and offers a full range of facilities. Visitors can also enter the park from the north, although this route (Hwy 67) is closed during winter. Walking trails along the North and South rims offer staggering views but, to experience the canyon at its most fascinating, the trails that head down toward the canyon floor should be explored. The Bright Angel Trail on the South Rim, and the North Kaibab Trail on the North Rim, descend to the canyon floor, and are tough hikes involving an overnight stop.

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Adobe, Pueblo-style architecture of Hopi House, Grand Canyon Village P Grand Canyon Village Grand Canyon National Park. § (928) 638-7888. 7 partial.

Grand Canyon Village has its roots in the late 19th century. The extensive building of visitor accommodations started after the Santa Fe Railroad opened a branch line here from Williams in 1901, though some hotels had been built in the late 1890s. The Fred Harvey Company constructed a clutch of well-designed, attractive buildings. The most prominent is El Tovar Hotel (see p233). Opened in 1905, it is named after Spanish explorers who reached the gorge in 1540. The Hopi House also opened in 1905 – a rendition of a traditional Hopi dwelling, where locals could sell their craftwork as souvenirs. It was built by Hopi craftsmen and designed

is not only the starting point for most of the mule trips through the canyon, but also the terminus for the Grand Canyon Railway. The South Rim Most of the Grand Canyon’s 4.3 million annual visitors come to the South Rim, since, unlike the North Rim, it is open year-round and is easily accessible along Highway 180/64 from Flagstaff or Williams. Hermit Road is closed to private vehicles from March to November each year, but there are free shuttle buses. Desert View Drive (Hwy 64) is open all year. Both roads start at Grand Canyon Village and encompass a selection of the choicest views of the gorge. From Grand Canyon Village, Hermit Road extends 8 miles (13 km) to Hermits Rest and, in the opposite direction, Desert View Drive covers 26 miles (42 km) and passes the stunning overlook of Desert View. Beginning at Grand Canyon Village, Hermit Road meanders along the South Rim, its first viewpoint being Trailview Overlook, which provides an overview of the canyon and the winding course of the Bright Angel Trail. Moving on, Maricopa Point offers especially panoramic views of the canyon but not of the Colorado River, which is more apparent from nearby Hopi Point. At the end of Hermit Road lies Hermits Rest, where a gift shop, decorated in rustic style, is located in yet another Mary Colter-designed building. Just east of Grand Canyon Village is Yavapai Point from where it is possible to see Phantom

by Mary E. J. Colter. An exschoolteacher and trained architect, Colter drew on Southwestern influences, mixing both Native American and Hispanic styles (see pp22 –3). She is responsible for many of the historic structures that now grace the South Rim, including the 1914 Lookout Studio and Hermits Rest, and the rustic 1922 Phantom Ranch on the canyon floor. Today, Grand Canyon Village has a wide range of hotels, restaurants, and stores. It can be surprisingly easy to get lost here since the buildings are spread out and discreetly placed The interior of the Hermits Rest gift store with among wooded areas. The Village crafts for sale lining the walls

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C ALIFORNIA C ONDORS The California Condor is America’s largest bird, with a wingspan of over 9 ft (2.7 m). The species was almost extinct in the 1980s, when the last 22 condors were captured for breeding in captivity. In 1996 the first captive-bred birds were released in Northern Arizona. Today, about 50 condors fly the skies over Northern Arizona. They are frequent visitors to the South Rim, though visitors should not approach or feed them. A pair of California condors

Desert View’s stone watchtower on Desert View Drive

Ranch. This is the only roofed accommodation available on the canyon floor, across the Colorado River (see p232). The longer Desert View Drive winds for 12 miles (20 km) to Grandview Point, where the Spaniards may have had their first glimpse of the canyon in 1540. Ten miles (16 km) farther on lie the pueblo remains of Tusayan Ruin, where there is a small museum featuring exhibits on Ancestral Puebloan life. After a few miles, the road leads to Desert View where the Watchtower was Colter’s most fanciful creation, its upper floor decorated with early 20th-century Hopi murals. The North Rim Standing at about 8,000 ft (2,400 m), the North Rim is higher, cooler, and greener than the South Rim, with dense forests of ponderosa pine, aspen, and Douglas fir. Visitors are most likely to spot wildlife on the North Rim. Mule deer, Kaibab squirrel, and wild turkey are among the most common sights. The North Rim is reached via Highway 67, off Highway 89A, ending at Grand Canyon Lodge (see pp233 and 250) where there are visitor services, a campground, gas station, restaurant, and a general store. Nearby, there is a National Park Service information center, which offers maps of the area. The North Rim and its facilities are closed mid-October–mid-May, when it is often snowed in.

The North Rim is twice as far The Bright Angel Trail from the river as the South This is the most popular of Rim, and the canyon really all Grand Canyon hiking stretches out from the overtrails. The Bright Angel looks giving a sense of its trailhead is at Canyon Village 10-mile (16-km) width. There on the South Rim. The trail are about 30 miles (45 km) of begins near the Kolb Studio scenic roads along the North at the western end of Grand Rim as well as hiking trails to Canyon Village. It then high viewpoints or down to switches dramatically down the canyon floor, (particularly the side of the canyon for the North Kaibab Trail that 9 miles (13 km). The trail links to the South Rim’s Bright crosses the river over a Angel Trail.) The picturesque suspension bridge, ending a Cape Royal Drive starts north little further on at Phantom of Grand Canyon Lodge Ranch. There are two and travels 23 miles resthouses and a (37 km) to Cape fully equipped Royal on the campground along Walhalla Plateau. the way. It is not From here, several advisable to famous buttes and attempt the whole peaks can be seen, trip in one day. including Wotans Many walk from the Mule deer on the canyon’s North Rim South Rim to one Throne and Vishnu Temple. There are of the rest stops also several short, easy and then return up to the rim. walking trails around Cape Temperatures at the bottom Royal, both along the top. A of the canyon can reach 110°F 3-mile (5-km) detour leads to (43°C) or higher during the Point Imperial, the highest summer. Day hikers should point on the canyon rim, therefore carry a quart (just while along the way the Vista over a liter) of water per Encantada has delightful person per hour for summer views and picnic tables hiking. Carrying a first-aid kit overlooking the gorge. is also recommended.

Hikers taking a break on the South Rim’s Bright Angel Trail Breathtaking view of Grand Canyon at dusk

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the pine forests of Northern Arizona’s San Francisco Peaks, Flagstaff is one of the region’s most attractive towns. It is a lively, easygoing place with a good selection of Colorful Lowell bars and restaurants among the maze of Observatory sign old red-brick buildings that make up its compact downtown. Flagstaff’s first Anglo settlers were sheep ranchers who arrived in 1876. The railroad came in 1882, and the town developed as a lumber center. Flagstaff is the home of Northern Arizona University, which has two appealing art galleries, and is a good base for visiting Grand Canyon’s South Rim, which is just under two hours’ drive away. The surrounding mountains attract hikers in summer and skiers in winter.

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The town of Flagstaff with the San Francisco Peaks as a backdrop

Exploring Flagstaff Flagstaff’s center is narrow and slender, channeling north toward the Museum of Northern Arizona and south to the University. At its heart is a pocket-sized historic district, an attractive ensemble of red-brick buildings, which houses the best restaurants and bars. Lowell Observatory is located on Mars Hill, a short distance from downown, and the popular Arizona Snowbowl ski resort is an enjoyable ten-minute drive to the north of the town.

one of Boston’s wealthiest families. He financed the observatory to look for life on Mars and chose the town because of its high altitude and clear mountain air. The Lowell Observatory went on to establish an international reputation with its documented evidence of an expanding universe, data that

E Lowell Observatory 1400 West Mars Hill Road. § (928) 774-3358. # Mar–Oct: 9am –5pm daily; Nov–Apr: noon-5pm daily. ¢ public hols. & 7 8 ∑ www.lowell.edu

Tucked away on a hill about a mile northwest of the town center, the Lowell Observatory was founded in 1894 and named for its benefactor, Percival Lowell, a member of

1930 Pluto dome at Flagstaff’s Lowell Observatory

was disclosed to the public in 1912. One of the observatory’s famous astronomers, Clyde Tombaugh, discovered the planet Pluto on February 18, 1930. Visitors can inspect the main rotunda, with its assorted astronomical paraphernalia, and view the original photographic plates made by Tombaugh. A guided tour includes a video presentation on the observatory’s history. Evening astronomy sessions can be arranged in advance. P Historic Downtown Just ten minutes’ walk from end to end, Flagstaff’s historic downtown dates mainly from the 1890s. Many buildings sport decorative stone and stucco friezes and are now occupied by cafés, bars, and stores. Architecturally, several buildings stand out, particularly the restored Babbitt Building and the 1926 train station that today houses the visitor center. Perhaps the most attractive building is the Weatherford Hotel, which was opened on January 1, 1900. It was named after its owner, Texan entrepreneur John W. Weatherford, and was much admired for its grand two-story wraparound veranda and its sunroom. E

Northern Arizona University

624 S. Knoles Dr. Flagstaff. § (928) 523-9011. # Times vary, so call in advance. ∑ www.nau.edu

Flagstaff’s lively café society owes much to the 16,000 students of Northern Arizona University (NAU). The main entrance point to the campus is located on Knoles Drive. Green lawns, stately trees, and several historic buildings make for a pleasant visit. Of particular note are two campus art galleries: the Beasley Gallery in the Fine Art Building, which features temporary exhibitions and student work, and the Old Main Art Museum and Gallery housed in Old Main Building – the university’s oldest. This features the permanent Weiss collection, which includes works by the famous Mexican artist Diego Rivera.

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Riordan Mansion State Historic Park

409 Riordan Road. § (928) 7794395. # May–Oct: 8:30am –5pm daily; Nov–Apr: 10:30am –5pm daily. & 7 ∑ www.azstateparks.com

In the mid-1880s, Michael and Timothy Riordan established a lumber company that quickly made them a fortune. The brothers then built a house of grandiose proportions, a 40-room log mansion with two wings, one for each of them. Completed in 1904 and now preserved as a State Historic Park, the house has a rustic, timberclad exterior, and Arts and Crafts furniture inside.

F LAGSTAFF Historic Downtown District 2 The Lowell Observatory 1 Northern Arizona University 3 Riordan Mansion State Historic Park

Flagstaff’s Pioneer Museum occupies an elegant stone building that was originally built as a hospital in 1908. The museum opened in 1960 and incorporates the Ben Doney homestead cabin. On display in the grounds are a steam locomotive of 1929 and a Santa Fe Railroad caboose. Inside, a particular highlight is a selection of Grand Canyon photographs taken in the early 1900s by photographers Ellsworth and Emery Kolb. Arizona Snowbowl Snowbowl Road, off Hwy 180. § (928) 779-1951. ± Flagstaff Snow Report: (928) 779- 4577. # Dec– mid-Apr. ∑ www.arizonasnowbowl.com

Downhill skiing is available at the Arizona Snowbowl just 7 miles (11 km) north of town. The mountains here are the San Francisco Peaks, which receive an average of 260 in (660 cm) of snow every year,

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map: C3. * 58,000. ~ Pulliam Airport, 4 miles (6 km) south of town. £ Amtrak Flagstaff Station, 1 East Route 66. c Flagstaff bus station, 399 South Malpais Lane. n Flagstaff Visitor Center, at Amtrak depot, 1 East Route 66, Flagstaff (928) 774-9541. # Jun–Aug: 7am– 7pm daily; Sep–May: 8am–5pm daily. ¢ public hols. _ Flagstaff Festival of the Arts (early July to mid-August).

enough to supply the various ski runs that pattern the lower slopes of the 12,356-ft(3,707-m-) high Agassiz Peak. Facilities include four chairlifts, and a ski school for beginners. In summer, there is a hiking trail up to the peak, while for those less inclined to walk the Arizona Scenic Skyride is a cable car trip that offers spectacular views of the scenery. E

Museum of Northern Arizona (see pp68 –9)

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Arts and Crafts swinging settee at Riordan Mansion

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Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff HE MUSEUM OF NORTHERN ARIZONA holds one of the Southwest’s most comprehensive collections of Southwestern archaeological artifacts, as well as fine art and natural science exhibits. The collections are arranged in a series of galleries around a central courtyard. Beside the main entrance is the Archaeology Gallery, with a fine introduction to the region’s historic cultures. The awardwinning anthropology exhibition in the Ethnology Gallery documents 12,000 years of Hopi, Zuni, Navajo, and Pai tribal cultures on the Colorado Plateau. The Museum Shop sells contemporary Native American arts and crafts.

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The inner courtyard has exhibits that focus on the variety of plants and animals found on the Colorado Plateau through the ages.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST 3101 North Fort Valley Rd. § (928) 774-5213. # 9am – 5pm daily. ¢ public hols. & 7 = ∑ www.musnaz.org

. Ethnology Gallery This well-organized gallery houses important examples of Hopi silverwork, Zuni pottery, and kachina dolls (see p29) dating from 1910.

The Kiva Gallery replicates the inside of a kiva (see p161). Babbitt gallery

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Geology Gallery A lifesize skeletal model of a Dilophosaurus o is ringed by dioramas of ancient Arizona desert scenes. Museum Façade Built in 1935, the museum has a stone façade and is listed on the national register of historic places.

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Wupatki National Monument 3 Road map C3. Forest Service Road 545, Sunset Crater/ Wupatki Loop Rd. § (928) 679-2365. £ Flagstaff. c Flagstaff. # 8am–6pm summer; 9am–5pm winter; 8am–5pm spring & fall. ¢ Dec 25. & 7 partial. 8 ∑ www.nps.gov/wupa

than 35,000 acres (14,000 ha) of sunscorched wilderness to the north of Flagstaff, the Wupatki National Monument incorporates about 2,700 historic sites once inhabited by the ancestors of the Hopi people. The area was first settled after the eruption of Sunset Crater in 1064. The Sinagua people and their Ancestral Puebloan cousins realized that the volcanic ash had made the soil more fertile and consequently favourable for farming. The power of the volcanic eruption may also have have appealed to their spirituality. They left the region in the early 13th century, but no one really knows why (see pp160 –61). The largest site here is the Wupatki Pueblo, built in the 12th century and once a fourstory pueblo complex of 100 rooms, housing more than 100 Sinagua. The structures rise from their rocky outcrop overlooking the desert. A trail explores the remains, the most unusual feature of which is a ballcourt. Here the Sinagua may have played at dropping a ball through a stone ring without using hands or feet.

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Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument 4

Hopi, in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Sinagua were attracted to the canyon by its fertile soil and plentiful water from nearby Walnut Creek. Today, visitors can tour 25 Road map C3. Hwy 545 off Hwy 89, cliff dwellings huddled underSunset Crater/ Wupatki Loop Rd. neath the natural overhangs § (928) 556 -7042. £ Flagstaff. of the canyon’s eroded sandc Flagstaff. # daily. ¢ Dec 25. & stone and limestone walls. 7 ∑ www.nps.gov/sucr The Sinagua left the canyon N 1064, A MIGHTY volabruptly around the middle canic eruption formed of the 13th century, the 400-ft (120-m) deep possibly as a result of Sunset Crater, leaving war, drought, or a cinder cone that disease (see pp160 – rises 1,000 ft (300 m) 61). Sinagua above the surroundartifacts are on ing lava field. Aptly Petroglyph from display in the Walnut named, the cone is V Center. Walnut Canyon Canyon Visitor black at the base and tinged with reds and oranges farther up. The one-mile (1.66 km) self-guided Lava T Trail offers an easy stroll around the Road map C3. n (800) 228-7336. ashy landscape with its lava tubes, bubbles, and vents. UST SOUTH OF Flagstaff, Highway 89A weaves a charming route which makes for a very pleasant drive through Oak Creek Canyon on the way to Sedona (see 5 p73). In the canyon, dense woods shadow the road, and Road map C3. Hwy 40 exit 204. the steep cliffs are colored in § (928) 526 -3367. £ Flagstaff. bands of red and yellow sandc Flagstaff. # 9am–5pm daily (8am– stone, pale limestone, and 6pm Jun–Aug). ¢ Dec 25. & 7 black basalt. This is a popular partial. 8 ∑ www.nps.gov/waca summer vacation area with OCATED ABOUT ten miles many day-hiking trails, such (16 km) east of Flagstaff, as the East Pocket Trail, a off Interstate Hwy 40, Walnut steep wooded climb to the Canyon houses an intriguing canyon rim. At nearby Slide collection of cliff dwellings. Rock State Park, swimmers These were inhabited by the enjoy sliding over the rocks Sinagua, ancestors of the that form a natural water chute.

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The Wupatki National Monument with ruins of a 12th-century pueblo building and San Francisco Peaks behind

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Williams 7 Road map B3. * 2,700. £ n 200 W. Railroad Ave. (928) 635-4061. ∑ www.williamschamber.com

little town was named in 1851 for Bill Williams (1787–1849), a legendary mountain man and trapper who lived for a time with the Osage Indians in Missouri. The town grew up around the railroad that arrived in the 1880s, and when this was followed by a spur track to Grand Canyon’s South Rim in 1901, Williams became established as a tourist center. By the late 1920s, it was also a popular rest stop on Route 66 (see pp50 –51). Today, the town retains its frontier atmosphere, complete with Stetson-wearing locals. Most of its hotels and diners are arranged around a loop that follows Route 66 on one side and its replacement, Interstate Highway 40, on the other. Diners evoke the 1950s and are filled with Route 66 memorabilia, including original soda fountains and posters.

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The Skywalk, suspended more than 4,000 ft above the Colorado River

much closer to Las Vegas than to the famous South Rim of the canyon which is nearly 250 miles (402 km) away. All-inclusive package tours can be booked from Las Vegas and on site. These include demonstrations of cowboy skills, horseback riding, and helicopter or boat tours, in addition to the Skywalk itself. An Indian Village features recreated dwellings of the Hualapai tribe and three other Arizona tribes. Native American cultural performances and presentations are put on daily in the village’s authentically constructed amphitheater. A shuttle bus operates within the Grand Canyon West area as no private vehicles are permitted.

Oatman 9 Twisters, a retro-style diner off Route 66 in Willliams (see p251)

Grand Canyon Skywalk/Grand Canyon West 8 Road map B3. n Grand Canyon West: reservations (877) 716-9378, reservations and information on lodging and rafting (928) 769-2219. & ∑ www.destinationgrandcanyon.com

he Grand Canyon Skywalk – a dramatic 70-ft (21-m) glass walkway cantilevered beyond the rim and 4,000 ft (1220 m) above the floor of the Grand Canyon – is a project of the Hualapai tribe. Located near their modest resort, the Hualapai Ranch, the Skywalk and Grand Canyon West are situated

Road map A3. * 100. n P.O. Box 423, Oatman (928) 768-6222. ∑ www.oatmangoldroad.com

1904, prospectors struck gold in the Black Mountains and Oatman became their main supply center. Today, it is popular with visitors wanting a taste of its boomtown past, such as the 1920s hotel where

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Carole Lombard and Clark Gable honeymooned in 1939. Gunfights are staged daily.

Lake Havasu City 0 Road map A4. * 45,000. ~ c n 314 London Bridge Road (928) 4533444. ∑ www.golakehavasu.com

businessman Robert McCulloch founded Lake Havasu City in 1964. The resort city he built on the Colorado River was popular with the landlocked citizens of Arizona. His real brainwave, however, came four years later when he bought London Bridge and transported it from England to Lake Havasu. Some mocked McCulloch, suggesting that he had thought he was buying London’s Gothic Tower Bridge, not this much more ordinary one. There was more hilarity when it appeared that there was nothing in Havasu City for the bridge to span. Undaunted, McCulloch simply created the waterway he needed. The bridge, and its adjoining mock-Tudor village complex, has since become one of Arizona’s most popular tourist attractions.

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passes through the wooded hills and fertile meadows of central Arizona, before opening into a wide, green valley between Flagstaff and Phoenix. The heart of Arizona is full of charming towns such as Sedona, hidden away among stunning scenery, and the former mining town of Jerome. Over the hills lies Prescott, once state capital and now a busy, likable little town with a center full of dignified Victorian buildings. The area’s ancient history can be seen in its two beautiful pueblo ruins, Montezuma Castle and Tuzigoot.

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Sedona 1 Set among dramatic red rock hills, Sedona is a popular resort, known for its New Age stores and galleries as well as for its friendly ambience.

Tuzigoot National Monument 2 Stunning views of the Verde River Valley are seen at this ruined hilltop pueblo, occupied until 1425.

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Recommended route: From Sedona, take Hwy 89A to Tuzigoot, Jerome, and Prescott. Hwy 69 runs east from Prescott to the Interstate Highway 17, which connects to Camp Verde, Fort Verde, and Montezuma Castle. Tour length: 85 miles (137 km). When to go: Spring and fall are delightful; summer is very hot.

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Jerome 3 A popular relic of Arizona’s mining boom, Jerome is known for its 1900s brick buildings that cling to the slopes of Cleopatra Hill.

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Montezuma Castle National Monument 6 The Ancestral Puebloan ruins here date from the 1100s and occupy one of the loveliest sites in the Southwest.

Camp Verde 5 A highlight of this little town is Fort Verde. Built by the US Army in 1865, this stone fort is manned by costumed guides.

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(3,790 liters) of water flow through the sinkhole every minute, an inexhaustible supply that has long been used to irrigate the surrounding land. A narrow trail leads around the rim before twisting its way down to the water’s edge.

Jerome r Road map B4. * 500. n Box K, Jerome. 7 partial. ∑ www.jerome chamber.com & www.azjerome.com Pueblo remains of Montezuma Castle, built into limestone cliffs

Camp Verde w Road map B4. * 6,000. n 385 South Main St. (928) 567-9294. M ∑ www.campverde.org

Montezuma Castle National Monument e Road map C4. Hwy I-17 exit 289.

the east along Highway 89A, Jerome is easy to spot in the distance, its tangle of old brick buildings perched high above the valley, clinging to the steep slopes of Cleopatra Hill. Silver mining began here in the 1870s, but the town’s big break came in 1912 when prospectors hit a vein of copper no less than 5 ft (1.5 m) thick. Just two years later, World War I sent the price of copper sky high and Jerome boomed. In the Wall Street Crash of 1929, however, copper prices tumbled and, although the mines survived until 1953, the boom times were over. To make matters worse, underground dynamiting had made Cleopatra Hill unstable, and the town began to slide downhill at a rate of 4 in (10 cm) a year. By the early 1960s, Jerome was virtually a ghost town, but its fortunes were revived by an influx of artists and artisans, whose galleries and stores attracted tourists. Today Jerome is often busy with day-trippers who come to see the late 19thand early 20th-century brick buildings that make up the town’s historic center.

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the small § (928) 567-3322. # early Sep – end settlement of Camp Verde May: 8am –5pm daily; end May– early in the heart of the Verde River Sep: 8am –6pm daily. & Valley in the 1860s. It was a ∑ www.nps.gov/moca risky enterprise as the Apache ATING FROM the 1100s, the lived nearby, but the US Army pueblo remains that make quickly moved in to protect up Montezuma Castle occupy the settlers, building Fort an idyllic location, Verde in 1865. built into the limeToday, Camp Verde remains at the stone cliffs high above Beaver center of a large and Creek, a couple of prosperous farming miles to the east of and ranching comInterstate Highway munity. It was from 17. Once home to Fort Verde that the the Sinagua people, army orchestrated this cliff dwelling a series of brutal campaigns against originally contained 20 rooms spread the Apache, which Costumed guides at over five floors. ended with the Fort Verde State Montezuma Castle Battle of the Big Historic Park was declared a NatDry Wash in 1882. Once the Apache ional Monument in had been sent to reservations, 1906 to preserve its excellent condition. The visitor center Fort Verde was no longer has a display on Sinaguan life needed and it was decommissioned in 1891. Four of its and is found at the start of an easy trail along Beaver Creek, original buildings have survived. The former army admin- with its views of the ruins. The National Monument istration building contains a collection of exhibits on army also incorporates Montezuma Well, situated about 11 miles life. The interiors of the other three houses, on Officers’ Row, (18 km) away to the northhave been restored. On week- east. This natural sinkhole, ends from spring to fall, volun- 50 ft (15 m) deep and 470 ft (140 m) in teers in period costume act as diameter, had religguides and reenact scenes from the fort’s daily life. ious significance for Native Americans, P Fort Verde at Camp with several tribes Verde State Historic Park believing it was the Off Hwy I-17 § (928) 567-3275. site of the Creation. Façade of an early 20th-century store # 8am–5pm daily. ¢ Dec 25. & on Jerome’s historic Main Street Over 1,000 gallons

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Loop Road. Just seven miles (11 km) long, the road gives access to Crescent Moon Ranch at Red Rock Crossing, a US Forest Service Recreation Area whose centerpiece is a picturesque ford across Oak Creek, used in many cowboy movies. Farther along Red Rock Loop Road is Red Rock State Park, where a gentle, wooded stretch of Oak Creek offers easy hikes and lovely picnic spots.

Petrified Forest National Park u Road map D3. Off Hwy I-40. § (928) 524-6228. # 8am–5pm daily. ¢ Dec 25. & * ∑ www.nps.gov/pefo

Forest National Park is one of Arizona’s most unusual attractions. Millions of years ago rivers swept trees downstream into a vast swamp that once covered this area. Groundwater transported silica dioxide into downed The ford across picturesque Oak Creek at Red Rock Crossing, Sedona timber, eventually turning it into the quartz stone logs y seen today, with colored crystals preserving the trees’ t Road map C3. * 16,000. ~ @ shape and structure. n 331 Forest Rd. (800) 288-7336. Running the entire length Road map B4. Follow signs from Hwy ∑ www.visitsedona.com of the forest is the famous 89A. § (928) 634-5564. # end Painted Desert. This is an area May – early Sep: 8am–6pm daily; early HE LITTLE TOWN of Sedona of colored bands of sand and Sep – end May: 8am –5pm daily. occupies a delightful lorock that change from blues ¢ Dec 25. & ∑ www.nps.gov/tuzi cation among the wooded to reds throughout the day as ERCHED ON A solitary and hills and red-rock canyons the shifting light catches the south of Flagstaff. Fertile land different mineral deposits. slender limestone ridge, the ruins of Tuzigoot National and water attracted farmers The Painted Desert Visitor Monument offer splendid to the area in the late 19th Center offers an orientation views of the Verde River century. Today, the town has film. From here, a 28-mile a reputation as a center Valley. The pueblo was built (45-km) scenic road by the Sinagua people befor New Age living. In travels the length tween the 12th and 15th centu- 1981, the psychic of the park. There ries and, at its peak, had a and writer Page are nine overlooks population of around 300. Bryant identified along the way, It was abandoned in the early seven vortexes in including Kachina 15th century, when it is believ- the area, which she Point, where the ed the Sinagua migrated north believed emanated Painted Desert to join the Ancestral Puebloans. electromagnetic Wilderness trailhead Tuzigoot was partly rebuilt energies that Cross section is located. A permit is of petrified log required to camp in by a local and federally funded invigorated the soul. program during the Depression The subsequent influx the wilderness area, in the 1930s. This emphasized of “New Agers” was followed but is obtainable free of by a burgeoning tourist indus- charge. Near the south end of one of the most unusual features of pueblo building, the try that is reflected in the range the road is the fine Rainbow lack of doorways. The normal of restaurants, hotels, stores, Forest Museum. pueblo room was entered by and fine art galleries here. E Rainbow Forest Museum ladder through a hatchway Sedona is a useful base for Off Hwy 180 (south entrance). in the roof. Sinaguan artifacts exploring the surrounding § (928) 524-6822. # 8am–5pm countryside. One pleasant and art are on display at the daily. & visitor center. excursion is along Red Rock

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PHOENIX AND SOUTHERN ARIZONA and sun-bleached plateaus ripple the wide landscapes of southern Arizona, a staggeringly beautiful region dominated by pristine tracts of desert, parts of which are protected within the Saguaro National Park and the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. This land was first farmed around 400 BC by the Hohokam people (see p38) who carefully used the meager water supplies to irrigate their crops. When the Spanish arrived in the 16th century they built forts and established settlements across the region. This Hispanic heritage is recalled by the

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beautiful mission churches of San Xavier del Bac and Tumacacori and in the popular historic city of Tucson that grew up around the 1776 Spanish fort. When silver was discovered nearby in the 1870s, the scene was set for a decade of rowdy frontier life. Today, towns such as Tombstone, famous for the “Gunfight at the OK Corral”, re-create this wild west era. The influx of miners also spurred the growth of Phoenix, a farming town established on the banks of the Salt River in the 1860s. Phoenix is now the largest city in the Southwest, known for its warm winter climate and recreational facilities.

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HOENIX IS A HUGE metropolis, stretching across the Salt River Valley. Farmers and ranchers settled here in the 1860s. By 1912, the city had developed into the political and economic focus of Arizona and was the state capital. As Cash register at the Museum of History it grew, it absorbed surrounding towns, although each district still maintains its identity. Downtown Phoenix is now being reinvigorated. It is home to many historic attractions, including restored Victorian houses in Heritage Square, the Phoenix Art Museum, and the Heard Museum (see pp78 –9) with its excellent collection of Native American artifacts.

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word spread, thousands of prospectors converged on the Superstition Mountains to the east of Phoenix. However, many ended up destitute, never discovering the large deposits of gold rumored to be hidden in the hills. This museum traces the colorful history of Arizona mining through photographs and displays of historic tools. There are also glittering examples of the various rocks the miners quarried, the most striking of which are the copper-bearing ores such as malachite and azurite, in vivid greens and blues. P Heritage Square 115 N. 6th St. 7 partial.

The 1900 façade of the Arizona State Capitol Building

Exploring Downtown Phoenix Downtown Phoenix, where the city began in the 19th century, is centered on Washington and Jefferson Streets, which run east to west between 7th Street and 19th Avenue. Central Avenue is the main north-south axis: to its east, parallel roads are labeled as “Streets,” while roads to the A City sights west are “Avenues.” are mostly too far apart to see on foot, and driving is the best option. A DASH bus runs from Downtown to the State Capitol regularly on weekdays.

is topped by a copper dome. The interior is now a museum; guided tours include both original legislative chambers, which have been carefully restored, and a series of sepia photographs that document the history of Phoenix. E

Arizona Mining and Mineral Museum 1502 West Washington St. § (602) 255 -3791. # 8am –5pm Mon –Fri; 11am–4pm Sat. ¢ public hols. & 7 ∑ www.admmr.state.az.us

The search for precious stones and metals brought waves of prospectors to the Southwest in the years following E Arizona State Capitol the Civil War (1861– Museum 65). The riches they 1700 West Washington St. unearthed in Ari§ (602) 542-4675. zona’s sun-seared hills # 8am –5pm Mon –Fri. were fabulous. A ¢ public hols. 8 10am mountain of silver & 2pm. 7 was discovered in Azurite and ∑ www.lib.az.us/museum the Dragoon Mounmalachite rock Completed in 1900, tains near Tucson, the Arizona State while quantities of Capitol housed the state gold, silver, copper, and legislature until they moved turquoise were found farther into nearby new premises in north in the Cerbat Mountains 1960. The handsome building outside Kingman (see p70). As

Phoenix is a thoroughly modern city, which grew rapidly after World War II. Many of its older buildings did not survive this expansion. However, a few late 19th- and early 20th-century buildings remain, and the most interesting of these are found on Heritage Square. Rosson House is a handsome wooden mansion on Monroe Street dating from 1895. It has a wraparound veranda and distinctive hexagonal turret. Visitors may tour the house, which is furnished in period style (call 602 2625071). Next door is the Burgess Carriage House, constructed in an expansive colonial style rare in the Southwest. The 1900 Silva House also features exhibits detailing Arizona’s history. The tree-lined square with its cafés is pleasant for a stroll. 2

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E Arizona Science Center 600 E. Washington St. § (602) 716-2000. # 10am–5pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7 ∑ www.azscience.org

This ultra-modern facility has over 300 interactive science exhibits, covering everything from physics and energy to the human body, spread over

Heard Museum eum

three levels. The popular “All About You” gallery on Level One focuses on human biology. Here, visitors can take a virtual reality trip through the body. Level Three has “The World Around You,” where visitors explore a 90-ft- (27-m-) long rock wall, as well as testing the surface temperature of different substances. The center also has a large-screen cinema on Level One. It is popular with children, but there is something here for everyone.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map B4. * 1,300,000 (city only). k Sky Harbor International Airport, 3 miles (1.5 km) E. of downtown. c Greyhound Bus, 2115 E. Buckeye Rd. n Greater Phoenix Convention & Visitors Bureau, 50 North 2nd St. (602) 2546500. _ PGA Phoenix Golf FBR Open, Jan, yearly.

range of unusual artifacts, including 19th-century land surveying equipment, a steampowered bicycle, Phoenix’s first printing press, and reconstructions of a general store and the first jail. E Phoenix Art Museum 1625 Central Ave. § (602) 257-1222. # 10am –5pm Tue, Wed, Fri, Sat & Sun; 10am –9pm Thu. ¢ Mon, public hols. & 7 ∑ www.phxart.org

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This inventive museum concentrates on the early years of the city’s history. There is a fascinating

Housed in an austere modern building, the highly aclaimed b P Phoenix Art Museum has aan enviable reputation for the quality of its fo ttemporary exhibitions. These usually share T tthe lower of the museum’s two floors m with a permanent collection of contemporary European and US art. The second floor features 18th- and 19th-century American artists, with a focus on painters connected to the Southwest. The exhibit here includes first-rate work from the Taos art colony of the 1900s and Georgia r O’Keeffe (1887–1986) (see p203), the most distinguished member of the group. Among other featured artists are Gilbert Stewart (1755–1828), whose celebrated Portrait of George Washington (1796) is seen on every dollar bill.

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Arizona Mining and Mineral Museum 2 Arizona State Capitol Museum 1 Arizona Science Center 4 Heritage Square 3 Phoenix Art Museum 6 Phoenix Museum of History 5

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Heard Museum was founded in 1929 by Dwight Heard, a wealthy rancher and businessman who, with his wife, Maie, assembled an extraordinary collection of Native Southwestern American art in the 1920s. Several benefactors later added to the collection, including Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona and the Fred Harvey Company, who donated their kachina dolls. The museum’s wide-ranging collection contains more than 30,000 works, but the star attraction is its display of more than 500 dolls. Additionally, the museum showcases baskets, pottery, textiles, and fine art, as well as sumptuous silverwork by the Navajo, Zuni, and Hopi peoples.

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The 1999 Heard Museum expansion captured the original 1929 Spanish Colonial Revival style

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Red Totem (1980) George Morrison’s sculpture reflects the fusion of traditional and contemporary styles in the Native American Fine Art Movement. Flagsong (1983) This sculpture by Native American artist Doug Hyde is located in one of the Heard’s tranquil courtyards.

The Samuel and Betty Kitchell Gallery explores the traditions of native art.

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Red Tailed Hawk Painted in 1986 by Dan Namingha, this is an impressionistic view of a Hopi Kachina in hawk form. It is displayed as part of the Heard’s fine art collection.

V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST 2301 North Central Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85004. § (602) 252-8840; ± (602) 252-8848. @ Phoenix Greyhound Station. # 9:30am – 5pm daily. ¢ public hols. & 7 8 0 = ∑ www.heard.org

Navajo Child’s Blanket Woven in the 1870s, this richly colored, traditional blanket is one of the highlights of the Sandra Day O’Connor Gallery, which documents the history of the Museum, and showcases the Heard family’s early collection of Native American artifacts. i

K EY Samuel and Betty Kitchell Gallery Crossroads Gallery Sandra Day O’Connor Gallery Ullman Learning Center Freeman Gallery Home: Native Peoples in the Southwest Lincoln Hall Pritzlaff Courtyard

Ullman Learning Center features interactive exhibits related to Native American life in Arizona.

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Every Picture Tells a Story An interactive hands-on display shows how artists interpret their environments through art.

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The South Courtyard offers additional space for the museum’s fine sculptures.

S TAR C OLLECTION . Home: Native Peoples in the Southwest

. Home: Native Peoples in the Southwest This awardwinning gallery spans 14 centuries, encompassing a superb collection of kachina dolls as well as jewelry, pottery, basketry, and textiles.

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Exploring Metropolitan Phoenix HOENIX IS ONE of North America’s largest cities. In addition to its city population of more than one million, Phoenix has a burgeoning number of residents in its metropolitan area, totaling more than three million. The city fills the Salt River Valley, occupying more than 2,000 sq miles (5,200 sq km) of the Sonoran Desert. It is famous for its winter temperatures of 60–70°F (16–21°C) and around 300 days of sunshine a year. This makes Phoenix a popular destination with both tourists and “snow birds,” visitors who spend their winters here. Metropolitan Phoenix includes the former town of Scottsdale, 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Downtown. Replete with air-conditioned malls, designer stores, hotels and restaurants, it is also a good base for visiting Taliesin West and Papago Park and is famous for its world-class golf courses (see p268). Tempe, 6 miles (10 km) east of Downtown, is home to Arizona State University and the Pueblo Grande Museum, while finally Mesa has the Arizona Temple, a large Mormon church built in 1927.

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buildings, which house many of the city’s most fashionable restaurants as well as bars, antique stores, and art galleries. In addition to the Renaissance-style Borgata shopping mall, there is the El Pedregal Festival Marketplace, and Scottsdale Downtown with its arts shopping district around Main Street, Marshall Way, Old Town, and Fifth Avenue. Scottsdale is also the location for Phoenix’s most popular shopping mall – Fashion Square – offering an array of designer stores and excellent restaurants (see p264 –5).

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Scottsdale Founded in the late 19th century, Scottsdale was named after its developer, army chaplain Winfield Scott (1837–1910), whose religious scruples helped keep the early settlement free from saloons and gambling. Scottsdale’s quiet, tree-lined streets and desert setting attracted the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright,

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who established Taliesin West here in 1937. The area still attracts artists and designers, but it is best known for its many golf courses – there are 175 in and around Scottsdale. At the center of the district, to either side of Scottsdale Road between 2nd Street and Indian School Road, the streets are lined with low, brightly painted adobe

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Named for its humped shape, Camelback Mountain rises high above its suburban surroundings just 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Downtown Phoenix. One of the city’s most distinctive landmarks, the mountain is a granite and sandstone outcrop formed by prehistoric volcanic forces. Camelback Mountain is best approached from the north via the marked turn off McDonald Drive near the junction of Tatum Boulevard. From the parking lot, a well-marked path leads to the summit, a steep climb that covers 1,300 ft (390 m) in the space of a mile. Camelback Mountain adjoins the Echo Canyon Recreation Area, a lovely wooded enclave with a choice of shady picnic sites.

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Innovative design of the Cosanti Foundation gift shop E The Cosanti Foundation 6433 Doubletree Ranch Rd., Paradise Valley. § (480) 948-6145. # 9am– 5pm Mon–Sat; 11am–5pm Sun. ¢ public hols. & donation requested. 7

In 1947, Italian architect Paolo Soleri (b. 1919) came to study at Taliesin West. Nine years later, he set up the Cosanti Foundation in Scottsdale to further his investigations into what he termed “arcology”: a combination of architecture and ecology to create new urban habitats (see p23). Today, the Cosanti site consists of simple, low structures housing studios, a gallery, and workshops. This is where Soleri and his workers make and sell their trademark windbells. Guided tours can be arranged with advance notice. Visitors can also tour Soleri’s main project, which lies 60 miles (100 km) north of Phoenix on Interstate

Highway 17. Arcosanti will house 6,000 people in homes that combine work and leisure space. The project began in 1970 and is still under construction. Currently, 60 people live there, demonstrating environmentallyfriendly living. E Taliesin West Cactus Rd. at Frank Lloyd Wright Blvd., Scottsdale. § (480) 860-8810. # 9am– 4pm daily. ¢ Jan 1, Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7 8 ∑ www.franklloydwright.org

Generally regarded as the greatest American architect of all time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1869–1959) established the 600-acre (240-ha) Taliesin West complex as a winter school for his students in 1937. Wright had come to prominence in Chicago during the 1890s with a series of strikingly original houses that featured an elegant open-plan style.

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Although noted for his use of local materials such as desert rocks and earth, he also pioneered the use of pre-cast concrete (see p23). Today, Taliesin West is home to the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture, where students live and work. The students also work as guides. There are a variety of tours, from one to three hours. Onehour tours begin every half hour from 10am to 4pm. Taleisin West is approached along a winding desert road. The muted tones of the lowlying buildings reflect Wright’s enthusiasm for the desert setting. He was careful to enhance, rather than dominate, the landscape. E

Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park 4619 E. Washington St. § (602) 4950901. # 9am–5pm Mon–Sat; 1–5pm Sun. ¢ public hols. & 7 ∑ www. ci.phoenix.az.us/parks/pueblo.html

Located 5 miles (8 km) east of Downtown Phoenix, the Pueblo Grande Museum displays an ancient Hohokam ruin, as well as many of their artifacts, including cooking utensils and pottery. Many of these pieces come from the adjacent Archaeological Park, the site of a Hohokam settlement from the 8th to the 14th centuries. The site was originally excavated in 1887, and today has an easyto-follow path through the ruins. Informative signs point out the many irrigation canals once used by the Hohokam to water their crops.

Taliesin West façade, designed to blend with the desert landscape

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more than 1,300 animals, their movement controlled by banks and canals rather than fences. A Safari Train provides a narrated tour of the zoo. Y Desert Botanical Garden 1201 N. Galvin Parkway. § (480) 941-1225. # May–Sep: 7am – 8pm daily; Oct – April: 8am – 8pm daily. ¢ major public holidays. & 7 8 ∑ www.dbg.org O Phoenix Zoo 455 North Galvin Parkway. § (602) 273-1341. # Sep–May: 9am–5pm daily; Jun–Aug: 7am–8pm daily. ¢ 25 Dec. & 7 ∑ www.phoenixzoo.org Cacti in the Desert Botanical Garden at Papago Park Y Papago Park Galvin Parkway & Van Buren Street. § (602) 256 -3220. ∑ www.phoenix. gov/parks/papago.html

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+ Mystery Castle 800 East Mineral Road. § (602) 268 -1581. # Oct –Jun: 11am– 4pm Thu–Sun. &

Mystery Castle is possibly Phoenix’s most eccentric Papago Park is located 6 miles attraction. In 1927, a certain (10 km) east of Phoenix’s Boyce Luther Gulley came to Downtown and is a popular Phoenix hoping that the warm place to unwind, with several climate would improve his hiking and cycling ailing health. His young trails, picnic areas, daughter had loved building sandcastles and boating lakes. on the beach, and Within the park, the Desert Botanical since Phoenix was Garden is a 145so far away from acre (59-ha) area the ocean, Gulley devoted to more set about creating a real-life fairy-tale than 20,000 cacti and protected desert Trail’s End sign sandcastle for her. He at Phoenix Zoo started work in 1930 flora from around the world. The gardens and continued for 15 years, until his death in 1945. are prettiest in spring, when many species flower. Guided Discarded bricks and an assortment of scrapyard junk, tours explain the extraordinary life cycles of the desert plants. including old car parts, have The rolling hills and lakes of been used to build the structhe Phoenix Zoo also occupy ture. The 18-room interior can be seen on a guided tour, a large area of the Papago Park. The zoo reproduces a which explores the quirky series of habitats including building and its eclectic collecthe Arizona-Sonora Desert tion of antiques and furniture and a tropical rainforest. rainforest Each from around zone provides the world. a home for

Façade of Phoenix’s unusual Mystery Castle

The Apache Trail 2 Road map C4. c n Globe Chamber of Commerce, 1360 N. Broad St., Globe (928) 425- 4495 or Greater Phoenix Convention & Visitors Bureau, 50 N. 2nd St. (602) 254- 6500 ∑ www.phoenixcvb.com

from Phoenix, Hwy 60 cuts straight across the desert to the suburb of Apache Junction at the start of Hwy 88. This road then begins its winding trail up into the Superstition Mountains. It is called the Apache Trail after the Native Americans who once lived here. The road is a wonderfully scenic mountain route that runs for 45 miles (72 km) up to Theodore Roosevelt Lake, which was created by the damming of the Salt River in 1911. Hwy 88 begins by climbing up into the hills and after 5 miles (8 km) reaches the Lost Dutchman State Park, named after the gold mine quarried here by Jacob Waltz and Jacob Weiser in the 1870s. These two miners cashed in a series of huge gold nuggets but kept the location of the mine to themselves. After their deaths, hundreds of prospectors worked these mountains in search of the famed gold mine but without success. Beyond the state park, the highway passes by several campsites and through rugged terrain before reaching the tiny hamlet of Tortilla Flat, 17 miles (27 km) farther on, where there is an excellent café. This settlement is at the east end of slender Canyon Lake, the first of several Salt River reservoirs created to provide Phoenix with water. The lake has a marina, and 90-minute cruises are offered on Dolly’s Steamboat. As the road climbs higher into the Superstition Mountains it becomes more difficult to negotiate, before it reaches the 280-ft- (84-m-) high Theodore Roosevelt Dam, where there is good fishing and a variety of watersports. Three miles (5 km) east of the dam lies the Tonto National Monument, which comprises two large sets of

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View of a section of the winding Apache Trail from Fish Creek Hill

ruined cliff dwellings. The of silver, shaped like a globe, Salado people, who created which was unearthed in the some of the superb pottery hills nearby. The silver was quickly exhausted, but on display at the copper mining continHeard Museum (see pp78 –9) built these ued to thrive until pueblos of rock and 1931. Today, T Globe has an attractive mud in the early 14th historic district with century. A steep, several notable late short trail leads up to the 19-room 19th- and early Lower Cliff 20th-century buildDwelling, but the ings. The Gila Mining artifacts at the Gila County Historical 40-room Upper County Historical Museum Museum outlines Cliff Dwelling can be visited Globe’s history, only with a ranger. with displays of a wide range of mining paraphernalia. On T Tonto National the south side of town are the Monument Besh-Ba-Gowah Ruins, home Hwy 88. § (928) 467-2241. of the Salado people in the # 8am –5pm daily. & 8 Nov–Apr: 13th and 14th centuries. Sat, Sun & Mon. P

Globe 3 Road map C4. * 6,000. @ n Globe Chamber of Commerce, 1360 N. Broad St. (928) 425 4495. M

town of Globe lies about 100 miles (160 km) east of Phoenix in the wooded Dripping Spring and Pinal Mountains. In 1875, prospectors struck silver near here in what was then part of an Apache Reservation. The reservation was divested of its silver-bearing hills, and Globe was founded as a mining town and supply center. It was named for a massive nugget

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Gila County Historical Museum

1330 N. Broad St. § (928) 4257385. # 10am – 4pm Mon –Fri; 11am–3pm Sat; Sun by appointment.

Casa Grande Ruins National Monument 4

Among the few Hohokam sites that remain, the fortresslike structure that makes up the Casa Grande National Monument is one of the most distinctive. Built in the early decades of the 14th century and named the “Big House” by a passing Jesuit missionary in 1694, this sturdy four-story structure has walls up to 4-ft (1.2-m) thick and is made from locally quarried caliche, a hard-setting subsoil. Experts believe that the holes cut in three of the walls were used for astronomical observations, but this is conjecture. The interior is out of bounds, but visitors can stroll round the exterior. The visitor center has a small museum with some interesting exhibits on Hohokam history and culture. Casa Grande is located 15 miles (24 km) east of Interstate Highway 10 (I-10) on the outskirts of the town of Coolidge. It should not be confused with the town of Casa Grande found to the west of I-10.

Road map C4. § (520) 723-3172. # 8am– 5pm daily. ¢ 25 Dec. & 7 ∑ www.nps.gov/cagr

200 BC until the middle of the 15th century, the Hohokam people farmed the Gila River Valley to the southeast of Phoenix.

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The fortresslike Casa Grande Ruins National Monument

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Tucson

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ESPITE BEING ARIZONA’S

second largest city, Tucson has a friendly, welcoming atmosphere and a variety of interesting attractions to entertain the increasing number of visitors it receives each year. The city is located on the northern boundary of the Sonoran Desert in Southern Arizona, in a basin surrounded by five mountain ranges. When the Spanish colonizers arrived in the early 18th century they were determined to seize land from the local Tohono O’odham and Pima native tribes, who put up strong resistance (see p40). This led the Spanish to move their regional fortress, or Exhibit at presidio, from Tubac to Tucson in the 1770s. The Arizona city was officially founded by Irish explorer Hugh University O’Connor in 1775. Tucson’s pride in its history is reflected in the careful preservation of 19th-century downtown buildings in the Barrio Historic District.

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Nativity scene with more than 300 earthenware figurines, on display from December to March. The J. Knox Corbett House, built in 1907, has Arts and Crafts Movement pieces such as a Morris chair. Both guided and self-guided walking tours of this district are available from the Tucson Museum of Art. E Pima County 115 N. Church Ave.

Courthouse

The Courthouse’s pretty tiled dome is a downtown landmark. It was built in 1927, replacing its predecessor, a one-story adobe building dating from 1869. The position of the original presidio wall is marked out in the courtyard, and a section of the wall, 3-ft- (1-m-) thick and 12-ft- (4-m-) high, can still be seen inside the building. P

Contemporary glass skyscrapers in downtown Tuscon

Exploring Tucson Tucson’s major art galleries and museums are clustered around two central areas: the University of Arizona campus (lying between Speedway Blvd., E. Sixth Street, Park, and Campbell Avenues) and the downtown area, which includes the Barrio and El Presidio historic districts. The latter contains many of the city’s oldest buildings and is best explored on foot, as is the Barrio Historic District, south of Cushing Street. E

Tucson Museum of Art and Historic Block

140 N. Main Ave. § (520) 624-2333. # 10am– 4pm Tue–Sat, noon– 4pm Sun. ¢ public hols. & (free 1st Sun of month) 7 8 ∑ www. tucsonarts.com

The Tucson Museum of Art opened in 1975 and is located on the Historic Block, which also contains five of the

El Presidio Historic District The El Presidio Historic District occupies the area where the original Spanish fortress (presidio), San Agustin del Tucson, was built in 1775. More than 70 of the houses here were constructed during the Territorial period, before Arizona became a state in 1912. Today, these historic buildings are largely occupied by shops, restaurants, and offices, although archaeological excavations in the area have found artifacts from much earlier residents, the Hohokam Indians.

Presidio’s oldest dwellings – most of which are at least a hundred years old. These historic buildings form part of the art museum and house different parts of its extensive collecR St. Augustine Cathedral tion. The Museum’s sculpture 192 S. Stone Ave. § (520) 623-6351. gardens and courtyards also # Services only; call for times. form part of the Historic St. Augustine Cathedral Block complex. was begun in 1896 The art museum and modeled after itself displays the Spanish Colonial contemporary and style of the Cathedral 20th-century of Querétaro in European and central Mexico. American works. This gleaming white In the adobe Stevens building features an House (1866), the imposing sandstone museum has its façade with intricate collection of PreStained-glass window carvings of the Columbian tribal in the cathedral yucca, the saguaro, artifacts, some of and the horned which are 2,000 toad – three symbols of the years old. There is the Spanish Sonoran Desert – while a Colonial collection with some bronze statue of St. Augustine, stunning pieces of religious the city’s patron saint, stands art. The 1850s Casa Cordova above the main door. houses El Nacimiento, a

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map C5. * 750,000. k Tucson International, 10 miles (16 km) south of downtown. £ Amtrak Station, 400 E. Toole Ave. c Greyhound Lines, 2 S. 4th Ave. n Metropolitan Tucson Convention & Visitors Bureau, 110 S. Church Ave. (520) 6241817; (800) 638-8350. _ La Fiesta de los Vaqueros (late Feb); Tucson Folk Music Festival (early May). ∑ www.visittucson.org One of many 19th-century adobe houses in the Barrio Historic District P

Barrio Historic District This area was Tucson’s business district in the late 19th century. Today, its streets are quiet and lined with original adobe houses painted in bright colors. On nearby Main Street is the “wishing shrine” of El Tiradito, which marks the spot where a young man was killed as a result of a lovers’ triangle. Local people lit candles here for his soul and still believe that if their candles burn for a whole night, their wishes will come true.

E The University of Arizona Visitors’ Center, 845 E. University Blvd, Suite 145. § (520) 884-7516.

Several museums are located on or near the UA campus, about a mile (1.6 km) east of downtown. The Arizona Historical Society Museum traces Arizona’s history from the arrival of the Spanish in 1540, to modern times. The University of Arizona Museum of Art focuses on European and American fine art from the Renaissance to the 20th century. Opposite the

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Museum of Art is the Center for Creative Photography, which contains the work of many of the 20th century’s greatest American photographers. Visitors can view the extensive archives by advance reservations. The Flandrau Science Center features a range of childfriendly interactive exhibits. One of the most renowned collections of artifacts, covering 2,000 years of native history, is displayed by the Arizona State Museum, which was founded in 1893.

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Exploring Around Tucson center, metropolitan Tucson extends north to the Santa Catalina Mountains, the foothills of which are the start of a scenic drive to the top of Mount Lemmon. To the west are the Tucson Mountains, which frame Saguaro National Park West. This park has a sister park to the east of the city. To the south lies the beautiful mission church of San Xavier del Bac (see pp88 –9), which stands out from the flat, desert landscape of the Tohono O’odham Indian Reservation.

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S IGHTS AT A G LANCE Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum 2 Mission San Xavier del Bac See pp88 –9 4 Mount Lemmon 6 Old Tucson Studios 3 Pima Air and Space Museum 5 Saguaro National Park (East and West) 1

KEY Downtown Tucson Greater Tucson k International airport

Vistas of tall saguaro cacti in Saguaro National Park

Interstate Major highway h h Highway Railroad

also more than 100 miles (160 km) of hiking trails here. Both sections of the park offer ranger-guided walks during the summer season. E

Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum

2021 N. Kinney Rd. § (520) 8832702. # Mar–Sep: 7:30am–5pm; Oct–Feb: 8:30am–5pm daily. & 7 ∑ www.desertmuseum.org

This fascinating natural history park covers more than 21 desert acres (8.5 ha), and includes a botanical garden, zoo, and natural history museum. At the museum, displays describe the history, geology, and flora and fauna of the Sonoran Desert region. Outside, a 2-mile (3-km) walkway passes more than 1,200 varieties of plants, which provide the setting for a range of creatures, including hummingbirds, wildcats, and Mexican wolves.

Y Saguaro National Park 3693 S. Old Spanish Trail. § (520) 733-5153. # 9am–5pm daily. ¢ Dec 25. & (Loop Drive only) 7 ∑ www.nps.gov/sagu

Perhaps the most famous symbol of the American Southwest, the saguaro (pronounced sa-wah-ro) cactus is unique to the Sonoran desert. The largest species of cactus in the United States, the saguaro has a life span of up to 200 years. Those that survive into old age may reach heights of up to 50 ft (16.5 m) and weigh more than 8 tons (7.3 kg).

Set up in 1994, the park comprises two tracts of land on the eastern and western flanks of Tucson, which together cover more than 91,000 acres (36,800 ha). The 9-mile (14.5-km) Bajada Loop Drive runs deep into the park on a dirt road, past hiking trails and picnic areas. One of these trails leads to ancient Hohokam petroglyphs carved into the volcanic rock. The eastern park has the oldest saguaros, which can be seen along the 8-mile (13-km) Cactus Forest Drive. There are

One of many flowering cacti from the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum P Old Tucson Studios 201 S. Kinney Rd. § (520) 883-0100. # 10am–3pm daily (4pm Sat). ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 24 & 25. & 7 ∑ www.oldtucson.com

Modeled on an old Western town of the 1860s, this Wild West theme park was origin-

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ally built as a set for a Western movie in 1939. Since then, Old Tucson Studios has formed the backdrop for some of Hollywood’s most famous Westerns, such as Gunfight at the OK Corral (1957) starring Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas, and Rio Bravo (1958) starring John Wayne. The popular 1970s TV series Little House on the Prairie was also filmed here. More recently, movies such as The Three Amigos (1986) and Tombstone (1993) were partly shot here. Main Street’s 1860s frontier atmosphere provides an authentic setting for performers in period costume, who entertain visitors with stunt shows, gunfights, and stagecoach rides. Visitors can also try panning for gold.

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See pp88 –9. E Pima Air and Space Museum 6000 E. Valencia Rd. § (520) 5740462. # 9am–5pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7 ∑ www.pimaair.org

Some 9 miles (14.5 km) southeast of downtown Tucson, the Pima Air and Space Museum contains one of the largest collections of aircraft in the world. Visitors are met with the astonishing sight of more than 250 vintage aircraft set out in ranks across the desert. Three presidential jets are displayed here – Eisenhower’s, Kennedy’s, and Johnson’s – as well as a replica of the Wright brothers’ famous 1903 aircraft, and some advanced jet fighters. Exhibits in four aircraft hangars show military and aviation memorabilia, including a replica World War II barracks. The adjacent Davis-Monthan Air Force Base displays more than 2,000 planes, including

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B IRDWATCHING IN THE C ANYONS OF S OUTHERN A RIZONA The landscape of southern Arizona may seem dry at first glance, but this high desert environment gets about 11 in (280 mm) of rain annually. This enables a surprising range of vegetation to flourish, from cacti to brightly colored wildflowers in spring. In turn, this attracts an amazing variety of birds, and the area is one of the top five birdwatching locations in the US. The verdant canyons between Tucson and Broad-billed the Mexican border offer the best birdhummingbird watching. Just off I-19, near Green Valley, Madera Canyon plays host to some 400 bird species. As well as more common varieties of hummingbirds, flycatchers, and warblers, many rare species such as the brown-crested flycatcher and the black-and-white warbler are often sighted here. Further afield, Ramsey Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains is the country’s hummingbird capital with 14 varieties of these tiny delicate creatures. B-29s and supersonic bombers. The museum also runs the Titan Missile Museum (open daily all year) located 20 minutes south of the city at Sahuarita, which is a ballistic missile silo. } Mount Lemmon n (520) 749-8700.

Gunfight staged outside the mission at Old Tucson Studios

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Mount Lemmon is the highest peak in the Santa Catalina Mountains, standing at 9,157 ft (2,790 m). During the hot summers the cooler air of the mountains’ higher elevations attracts many visitors. A onehour scenic drive, beginning in the Tucson city limits and connecting to the Mount Lemmon Highway, takes you to the summit. There are around 150 miles (240 km) of hiking trails here, while a side road leads to the quaint resort village of Summerhaven. A forest fire in 2003 devastated parts of Mount Lemmon, resulting in Mon–Thu road closures – call ahead for details.

E Biosphere 2 Center 5 miles N.E. of jct. of Hwys 77 & 79. § (520) 838-6200. # 8:30am– 5pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7 8 ∑ www.bio2.edu

Biosphere 2 is a unique research facility that was set up in 1991. Eight people were sealed within a futuristic structure of glass and white steel furnished with five of the Earth’s habitats: rainforest, desert, savanna, marsh, and an ocean with a living coral reef. Over a period of two years the effect of the people on the environment as well as the effect on them of isolation in this “world,” were studied, with varying results. Today, there are no people living in the Biosphere, which is currently being used to study the effect of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Visitors can take a two-hour guided tour of the facility. There are two tours of the inside, one of which incurs an additional charge.

Space age buildings of the Biosphere 2 Center, north of Tucson

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San Xavier del Bac Mission is the oldest and best-preserved mission church in the Southwest. An imposing landmark as it rises out of the stark, flat landscape of the surrounding Tohono O’odham reservation, its white walls dazzle in the desert sun. A mission was first established here by the Jesuit priest Father Eusebio 0 . The complex seen today was Kino in 1700 (see p40) completed in 1797 by Franciscan missionaries. Built of adobe brick, the mission is considered to be the finest example of Spanish Colonial architecture in the US (see p22). The church also incorporates other styles, including several Baroque flourishes. In the 1990s its interior was extensively renovated, and five retablos (altarpieces) have been restored to their original glory.

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. Façade of the church The ornate Baroque façade is decorated with the carved figures of saints (although some are much eroded) including a headless St. Cecilia and an unidentifiable St. Francis, now a simple sand cone.

The mortuary chapel contains a statue of the Virgin Mary, surrounded by candles.

Stonework detail Over recent years the identity of the carved statues to the left of the entrance has changed. Long thought to be St.Catherine of Siena and St. Barbara, they have now been identified as St. Agatha of Catania and St. Agnes of Rome.

S TAR S IGHTS . Façade . Main altar

Painted ceiling On entering the church, visitors are struck by the dome’s ceiling with its glorious paintings of religious figures. Vivid pigments of vermilion and blue were used to contrast with the stark white stone background.

The Hill of the Cross, to the east of the mission, offers fine views

The bell tower’s elegant, white dome that reflects the Moorish styles that are incorporated into San Xavier’s Spanish Colonial architecture.

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. Main Altar The spectacular gold and red retablo mayor is decorated in Mexican Baroque style with elaborate columns. More than 50 statues were carved in Mexico then brought to San Xavier where artists gilded and painted them with brightly colored glazes.

Road map C5. 1950 W. San Xavier Rd, 10 miles (16 km) south of Tucson on I-19. § (520) 294-2624. # 8am–5pm daily. 7 - = ∑ www.sanxaviermission.org

Altar Dome The dome and high transepts are filled with painted wooden statuary and covered with murals depicting scenes cenes from the Gospels.

The museum includes a sheepskin psalter and photographs of other historic missions on the Tohono O’odham reservation.

The shop entrance

Chapel of Our Lady This statue of the Virgin is one of the Church’s three sculptures of Mary. Here she is shown as La Dolorosa or Sorrowing Mother.

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Boats and watersports in the picturesque setting of Lake Yuma

Yuma 6 Road map A4. * 65,000. £ Amtrak, 291 Gila St. c Greyhound, 170 E. 17th Place. n Yuma Convention and Visitors’ Bureau, 377 S. Main St. (800) 293-0071. M ∑ www.visityuma.com

a strategic position at the confluence of the Colorado and Gila rivers. Though noted by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, it was not until the 1850s that the town rose to prominence, when the river crossing became the gateway to California for tens of thousands of gold seekers. Fort Yuma, built in 1849, also boosted steamboat traffic along the Colorado River. Today, Yuma’s hot and sunny winter climate makes it a popular winter destination for travelers or “snowbirds,” escaping colder climes. Two state historic parks highlight its rich history: Yuma Crossing, covering 20 acres (8 ha) along the Colorado, looks at river transportation and army life in the later 1800s, while Yuma Territorial Prison re-creates conditions at the state’s main prison facility from 1876–1909.

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multiple arms branching up from the base, as its name suggests. The organ pipe is rare in the United States, growing almost exclusively in this large and remote area of land along the Mexican border in southwest Arizona. Many other plant and animal species flourish in this unspoiled desert wilderness, although a lot of animals, such as snakes, jackrabbits, and kangaroo rats, emerge only in the cool of the night. Other cacti such as the saguaro, the Engelmann prickly pear, and the teddybear cholla are best seen in early summer for their glorious displays of floral color. There are two scenic drives through the park: the 21-mile (34-km) Ajo Mountain Drive and the longer 53-mile (85km) Puerto Blanco Drive. The Ajo Mountain Drive takes two hours and winds through startling desert landscapes in the foothills of the mountains. The Puerto Blanco Drive takes around four hours and

leads visitors through a range of landscapes from desert to the oasis at Quitobaquito Spring. A variety of hiking trails in the park range in difficulty from paved, wheelchair-accessible paths to wilderness walks. A visitor center offers exhibits on the park’s flora and fauna, as well as maps and camping permits, and there are guided walks available in winter. Be aware that the park is a good two-and-a-half- to threehour drive from Tucson one way. If you want to explore this environment in any detail, plan to camp overnight. Ajo, 34 miles (55 km) to the north, has motels and services.

Tubac 8 Road map C5. * 150. n Tubac Chamber of Commerce (520) 3982704. ∑ www.tubacaz.com

Presidio (fortress) of San Ignacio de Tubac was built in 1752 to protect the local Spanish-owned ranches and mines, as well as the nearby missions of Tumacacori and San Xavier, from attacks by local Pima natives. Tubac was also the first stopover on the famous overland expedition to colonize the San Francisco Bay area in 1776. The trek was led by the fort’s captain, Juan Bautista de Anza (see p40). Following his return, the garrison moved north to

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Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument 7 Road map B5. § (520) 387-6849. # daily; visitor center 8am –5pm. ¢ Dec 25. & 7 8 M ∑ www.nps.gov/orpi HE ORGAN pipe is a Sonoran desert species of cactus, which is a cousin to the saguaro (see p86) but with

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Rare cacti at the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument

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are good value. There is a profound contrast between the US side and the ramshackle houses across the border, and P Tubac Presidio State visitors should be aware that Historic Park the Mexican Nogales can be Burruel St. & Presidio Drive. crowded with continuous § (520) 398-2252. # 8am –5pm hustle from street vendors daily. & 7 8 eager for business. Still, it is a P Tumacacori National popular day-trip and there are Historical Park several good restaurants here. § (520) 398 -2341. # 8am –5pm Visitors are advised to leave daily. ¢ Dec 25, Thanksgiving. & their cars on the US side, 7 8 ∑ www.nps.gov/tuma where attendants mind the parking lots, and to walk across the border. Those who 9 drive across the border should check that their car insurance Road map C5. * 19,500. c @ is valid in Mexico. Visas are n 123 W. Kino Park (520) 287-3685. required only for those traveling farther south than OGALES IS really two towns the town and for stays of that straddle the US more than 72 hours. US and border with Mexico, at the Canadian citizens should end of Mexico’s Pacific carry a passport or birth Highway. This is a certificate for identifibusy port of entry, cation as drivers’ handling huge licenses are not amounts of freight, sufficient proof including 75 percent of citizenship. of all winter fruit Foreign nationals and vegetables sold should make sure in North America. The their visa status Mexican pottery town attracts large enables them to refound in Nogales numbers of visitors enter the US; those in search of bargains on the Visa Waiver at shopping districts on both Scheme (see p276) should sides of the border. Decorative have no problem. US dollars blankets, furniture, and crafts are accepted everywhere. celebrates the cultural heritage of the upper Santa Cruz Valley, V is held on the mission grounds.

Mission church at Tumacacori National Historical Park

Tucson and for the next hundred years, Tubac declined. Today, the town is a small but thriving art colony, with attractive shops, galleries, and restaurants lining the streets around the plaza. Tubac’s historical remains are displayed at the Tubac Presidio State Historic Park, which encompasses the foundations of the original presidio in an underground display, as well as several historic buildings, including the delightful Old Tubac Schoolhouse. Also here, the Presidio Museum contains artifacts covering over one hundred years of Tubac’s history, including painted altarpieces and colonial furniture. E NVIRONS : Just 3 miles (5 km) south of town lies the beautiful ruined mission of Tumacacori. The present church was built in around 1800 upon the ruins of the original 1691 mission established by Jesuit priest, Father Eusebio Kino (see p40). The Mission was abandoned in 1848, and today its weatherbeaten ochre façade together with its brick columns, arched entry, and carved wooden door is an evocative reminder of former times. The cavernous interior is wonderfully atmospheric, with patches of exposed adobe brick and faded murals on the sanctuary walls. A small museum provides an excellent background on the mission builders and native Pima Indians. Weekend craft demonstrations, including tortilla making, basketry, and Mexican pottery, are held September through June. During the first weekend in December, La Fiesta de Tumacacori (see p35), which

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Southern Arizona’s dry air and dark, clear nights have made it an international center for astronomy. Within a 75-mile (120-km) radius of Tucson, there is a cluster of prestigious observatories located in the mountains, including the Kitt Peak National Observatory, with its large telescopes, and the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, both of which can be toured. Mount Graham International Observatory features some of the world’s most advanced telescope technology. Opportunities for star-gazing are exceptional, but even without high-powered equipment, anyone can enjoy the countless constellations in the night skies.

Observatories in the mountains of southern Arizona

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Bisbee 0 Road map C5. * 6,500. c n Bisbee Chamber of Commerce, 1 Main St. (520) 432-5421. ∑ www.bisbeearizona.com

of the most atmospheric mining towns in the Southwest. The discovery of copper here in the 1880s sparked a mining rush, and by the turn of the century Bisbee was the largest city between St. Louis and San Francisco. Victorian buildings such as the landmark Copper Queen Hotel still dominate the historic town center, while attractive clusters of houses cling to the sides of the surrounding mountains. Visitors can tour the mines that once flourished here, such as the deep underground Queen Mine or, a short drive south of town, the Lavender Open Pit Mine. Exhibits at the Bisbee Mining and Historical Museum illustrate the realities of mining and frontier life here.

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Re-enactment of the gunfight at the OK Corral, Tombstone

and his sardonically named shanty town boomed with the ensuing silver rush. One of the wildest towns in the West, Tombstone was soon full of prospectors, gamblers, cowboys, and lawmen. In its heyday, the town was larger than San Francisco. More than $37 million worth of silver was extracted from the mines between 1880 and 1887, when miners struck an aquifer and flooded the mine shafts. In 1962 “the town too tough to die” became a National Historic Landmark, and, with much of its historic downtown immaculately preserved, it attracts many visitors, all eager to sample the unique atmosphere. Allen Street, with its The Victorian mining town of Bisbee clings wooden boardwalks, to the slopes of the surrounding mountains shops, and restaurants, is the town’s main thoroughfare. The OK q Corral is preserved as a museum, and re-enactments Road map C5. * 6,500. n Chamber of the infamous gunfight of Commerce, 105 4th St. (520) 457between the Earp brothers, 9317. ∑ www.tombstone.org Doc Holliday and the Clanton OMBSTONE is a living legend, gang are staged daily at 2pm. forever known as the site Tombstone Courthouse on of the 1881 gunfight at the Toughnut Street was the seat OK Corral between the Earp of justice for the county from brothers and the Clanton 1882 to 1929 and is now a gang (see p55). The town’s state historic site. It contains a historic streets and buildings museum featuring the restored form one of the most popular courtroom and many historical attractions in the Southwest. exhibits and artifacts, including Tombstone was founded photographs of some of the by Ed Schieffelin, who went town’s famous characters. prospecting on Apache land Toughnut Street used to be in 1877 despite a warning known as “Rotten Row” as it that “all you’ll find out there was once lined with miners’ is your tombstone.” He found tents, bordellos, and more a mountain of silver instead, than one hundred bars.

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Among other buildings worth looking for in the downtown area is the Rose Tree Inn Museum, home of what is reputedly the world’s largest rosebush. There is also the Bird Cage Theater, once a bawdy dance hall and bordello, and so-named for the covered “crib” compartments, or cages, hanging from the ceiling, in which ladies of the night plied their trade. Nearby is the once rowdy Crystal Palace Saloon, which is still a bar. Just north of town, the famous Boothill Cemetery is full of the graves of those who perished in Tombstone, peacefully or otherwise. This evocative place is not without the occasional spot of humor. Look for the marker lamenting the death of George Johnson, hanged by mistake in 1882, which reads: “He was right, we was wrong, but we strung him up, and now he’s gone.” E OK Corral Allen St. § (520) 457-3456. # 9am–5pm daily. & 7 ∑ www.ok-corral.com E Tombstone Courthouse 219 E. Toughnut St. § (520) 4573311. # 8am –5pm daily. ¢ Dec 25. & 7 ∑ www.pr.state.az.us

Tombstone Courthouse in the town center is now a museum

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(1866 –1955) and Frederic Remington (1861–1909). The delightful pink buildings, designed in the Spanish Colonial Revival style (see p22), are also of interest.

Road map C5. § (520) 586-4100. # 7am – 6pm daily (cave tours 8:30am – 4:30pm by reservation). ¢ Dec 25. & 7 8 obligatory. M ∑ www.pr.state.az.us HE KARTCHNER Caverns are one of Arizona’s great natural wonders. Located in the Whetstone Mountains, the caves were discovered in 1974 when two cavers crawled through a sinkhole in a hillside into 7 acres (3 ha) of caverns filled with colorful formations. Out of concern to protect the caves, they kept their discovery a secret for 14 years as they explored this wonderland of speleotherms, or cave formations, made of layers of calcite deposited by dripping or flowing water over millions of years. In 1988 the land was purchased by the state, but it took 11 years to complete the development that would allow public access while conserving the special conditions that enable these “wet” caves to continue growing. Before entering the caves, visitors are introduced to the geology of the formations at the Discovery Center. Once inside, visitors must not touch the features, as skin oils stop their growth. Along with huge stalactites and stalagmites, there is an abundance of other types of formation such as the aptly named 21-ft (132-m) soda straw, the turnip shields, and popcorn.

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Road map D5. § (520) 824-3560. # 8am–4:30pm daily. ¢ 25 Dec. & 7 8 M ∑ www.nps.gov/chir Orange and white column formations at Kartchner Caverns

Amerind Foundation e Road map C5. § (520) 586-3666. # Oct–May: 10am – 4pm daily. ¢ Jun –Sep: Mon & Tue; public holidays. & ∑ www.amerind.org

Foundation is one of the most important private archaeological and ethnological museums in the country. The name Amerind is a contraction of “American Indian,” and this collection contains tens of thousands of artifacts from different Native American cultures. All aspects of Native American life are shown here, with displays covering Inuit masks, Cree tools, and sculpted effigy figures from Mexico’s Casas Grandes. The adjacent Amerind Art Gallery has a fine collection of western art by such prominent artists as William Leigh

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Mountains were once the homeland of a band of Apache people and an impenetrable base from which they launched attacks on settlers in the late 1800s. This 12,000-acre (4,800ha) area now preserves stunning rock formations, which were created by a series of volcanic eruptions around 27 million years ago. Massive rocks balanced on small pedestals, soaring rock spires, and enormous stone columns make up the bizarre landscape, visible from the monument’s scenic drive and hiking trails. The nearby town of Willcox houses the intriguing Rex Allen Arizona Cowboy Museum, which is devoted to a native son who became a famous movie cowboy, starring in 19 films in the 1950s.

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Rex Allen Arizona Cowboy Museum 155 N. Railroad Ave. § (520) 3844583. # 10am – 4pm daily. ¢ public holidays. & 7

Massive rock spires formed by million-year-old volcanic eruptions at Chiricahua National Monument

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The Changing Face of Las Vegas in the US has reinvented itself so often and with such profitable results as Las Vegas. Set in an unpromising landscape, bordering three deserts, artesian waters beneath the land first supported life here. Successive groups, from Native Americans to Mexican traders, Mormons, and railroad workers, all survived the environment. They added to a unique set of factors that gave birth to a Las Vegas they would barely recognize today. No longer unique in offering casinos, the city still draws the crowds. Associated with some of the biggest names in show business, such as Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley, with eccentric millionaires like Howard Hughes, with mobsters such as Bugsy Siegel, and above all with glamour, Vegas continues to fire the imagination as the fun city of stretch limos, showgirls, and an “anything goes” ethos for those who can pay for it.

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Helen Stewart was a local ranch owner who sold her land to the railroad, which led to the founding of the city of Las Vegas in 1905.

D OWNTOWN L AS V EGAS The city grew up around Fremont Street in Downtown Las Vegas in the early 1900s. By the 1960s (see right), the area had began to suffer from competition from the Strip. Today, the area has been revived as the Fremont Street Experience (see below right and p118).

Roulette was one of the games offered in Las Vegas once gambling was legalized in Nevada in 1931. The city was a hedonistic escape from the 1930s’ Depression.

Construction of the Hoover Dam, m 34 miles (55 km) from Las Vegas on the Colorado River, brought a rise in the city’s fortunes (see p121). By the early 1920s Las Vegas had declined, and its population had fallen to 2,300. When construction began in 1931, money and people flowed into town, and by the early 1930s the population had swelled to around 7,500. Tens of thousands of visitors arrived to see the building of the dam and to enjoy the new gambling clubs springing up.

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Benjamin Siegel, l (left) called “Bugsy” behind his back, was a New York City gangster. He moved to Los Angeles in the 1930s and created the luxurious Flamingo hotel and casino in Vegas (see p111). He was killed by fellow investors only a year after the casino had opened in 1946, probably because other mobsters disliked his high profile. Although nothing remains of the original Flamingo building, there is still a tropical-themed luxury hotel on this spot.

H OWARD H UGHES Billionaire Howard Hughes arrived in Las Vegas in November 1966, moving into a luxurious suite on the ninth floor of the Desert Inn hotel. When the hotel’s management tried to move him out a few months later, Hughes bought the place for $13.2 million. Although he never left his room in four years, he spent some $300 million buying Vegas properties. These included the Silver Slipper hotel and casino across the Strip, whose blinking neon slipper disturbed him. As owner he had it switched off. Hughes is credited with bringing legitimate business and a sanitized image to Vegas, sounding the death knell of mob investment in the city. In the 1960s, family oriented resorts such as Circus Circus opened, and such entertainment corporations as MGM, Hilton, and Holiday Inn began legitimate building programs. However, as recently as the 1970s and 80s mobsters were caught skimming profits from some Vegas hotels.

T HE S TRIP From a few low-rise buildings along a desert road in the 1960s to the glittering neon canyon of today, the transformation of the Strip has been remarkable (see pp102 –105). The Rat Pack, k which included Peter Lawford, Sammy Davis Jr., Frank Sinatra, Joey Bishop, and Dean Martin, sealed Las Vegas’ reputation as an entertainment mecca in the 1950s with shows at the now-demolished Sands hotel.

Billionaire entrepreneur Howard Hughes

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LAS VEGAS out of Nevada’s beautiful southern desert, Las Vegas is a glittering wonderland that promises fun to all its visitors. The city’s unique attraction is its hotels with their fantastic architecture, re-creating such cities as New York and Venice. At the heart of these palaces lie the casinos where the lure of milliondollar jackpots draws almost 37 million visitors each year.

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Occupied by the Ancestral Puebloan peoples until around 1150 AD, the Las Vegas area was the home of several Native American tribes, including the Paiute, until Mexican traders arrived in the early 19th century. Mormon pioneers built a fort here in 1855, establishing the beginnings of a settlement in the area, which gradually developed. Officially founded in 1905, the city of Las Vegas expanded in the 1930s with the building of the Hoover Dam across the Colorado River, some 30 miles (45 km) away, and the legalization of gambling here in 1931. The influx of construction workers with money to burn, and the electricity and water provided by the dam, paved the way for the casino-based growth that took place in the 1940s and 1950s.

Since the 1990s, numbers of ever more extravagant resorts have been built in the city, including the impressive Bellagio, V Venetian, and Aladdin, and this expansion shows no signs of slowing. For those who can tear themselves away from the city, the surrounding country has much to offer. Lake Mead and the stunning rock formations of the Valley of Fire State Park provide a range of outdoor pleasures from horseback riding to watersports. Today, Las Vegas is the fastest growing city in the US, with more than 1,000 people moving in each week. Tourism and gaming remain the city’s most successful industries – it has 18 of the 20 largest hotels in the world – but it is also known for its wedding chapels and top-quality entertainment.

Decorative stained-glass ceiling of the Tropicana Hotel’s elegant casino One of the city’s oldest neon signs, “Vegas Vic” located on Fremont Street, downtown Las Vegas

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two centers – the wonderland of the Strip, and the older Downtown n area, area where the city began in 1905 (see pp96 –7). The Strip rip is really Las Vegas Boulevard (Hwy 604), a 4.5-mile- (7.2-km-) 2 km-)) long street that runs northeast through the city. Th he Downtown area crosses the Strip around Fremont Street (see p118). Strictly speaking, the part of the Strip that lies south of the Sahara hara Hotel is in Clark County, while the city proper is centered around Downtown Vegas. Ringed by mountains, canyons,, and desert, the Las Vegas area also has a wealth of natural beauty in a variety of parks, some of it just a short drive from the Strip p (see pp120 –21) –21).

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A View of The Strip I Las Vegas lies along Las Vegas Boulevard, a sparkling vista of neon known simply as “the Strip.” This southern stretch of the Strip is home to a cluster of vast, lavishly-themed hotels, including Luxor, New York New York, and the Bellagio. Aiming to satisfy all a visitor’s needs in one location, with restaurants, shops, and casinos, these hotels are best-appreciated at night when the lights come to life. It is in the evening that these new megaresorts become a fantasyland of such riotous design and architecture as the illuminated sphinx that fronts the Luxor hotel’s striking pyramid. The exotically themed Aladdin is evidence of the city’s ability to reinvent itself quickly – it took only two years to build.

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Luxor Tutenkhamun’s gold sarcophagus is one of many recreated artifacts in the hotel’s King Tut Museum 2 Mandalay Bay’s interior, with its palm trees and bamboo, recreates a 19th century tropical paradise.

Excalibur’s towers are a kitsch fantasy of medieval England.

View of the Strip’s southern section

New York New York A replica of the Statue of Liberty forms part of the façade of this hotel, which is composed of a host of Manhattan landmarks such as the Empire State Building 4 The Boardwalk Casino is a Holiday Inn hotel, and features a rollercoaster facing the Strip.

Showcase Mall is a striking building, with its giant neon Coca-cola bottle. A huge games arcade makes the mall popular with families.

Tropicana This casino was rebuilt in the late 1970s, with a stunning Art Nouveau-style stained-glass ceiling and glass lamps 6

MGM Grand Hotel This famous statue of Leo, symbol of the Hollywood film studio, MGM, rises 45 ft (15 m) above the corner of Tropicana Avenue 5

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Caesars Palace Reproduction Roman statuary adorns the grounds of Caesars Palace. One of the Strip’s oldest and most glamorous hotels, Caesars was built in 1966. Inside, the lavish Forum Shops mall features moving statues w

Lobby of the Bellagio Lighting the ceiling of the hotel’s elegant lobby, this colorful glass installation was designed by famous glass artist Dale Chihuly q

Imperial Palace A pagoda fronts this Asianthemed hotel, famous for its classic car collection that is open to visitors r

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Flamingo Las Vegas The flaming pink and orange neon flower of the Flamingo hotel’s façade is a famous Strip icon. Redesigned in the 1970s and 80s, the original 1946 building was the beloved project of gangster Bugsy Seigel (see p97) e

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A View of The Strip II resort to open on Las Vegas’ Strip in 1941 was the El Rancho Vegas Hotel-Casino, which was located on the northern section of the Strip, on the corner of Sahara Avenue. A building boom followed in the 1950s, resulting in a swathe of resorts. The Sands, Desert Inn, Sahara, and Stardust hotels began the process that has transformed the Strip into a high-rise adult theme park. Many of these north Strip resorts remain, but they are now unrecognizable from their earlier incarnations – thanks to million-dollar rebuilding programs. Today, resorts such as the Venetian and the Mirage have established the Strip’s reputation for upscale quality and almost nothing remains of the spit-andsawdust atmosphere the city once had.

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The Mirage is both stylish and tacky – its beautiful, Strip-facing gardens feature an “erupting” volcano.

View of the Venetian and north Strip

TI The pirate-themed world of Treasure Island lures passersby to the spectacular Sirens of TI show, held each evening on the hotel’s Strip-side lagoon u The Fashion Show Mall is currently the largest shopping destination in Vegas, w than 20

xclusive golf course, oversized luxurious rooms, restaurants with award-winning chefs, nightclubs, and dozens of designer shops. Guardian Angel Cathedral Located on Desert Inn Road, this chapel has elegant marble floors and imposing buttress support columns Venetian One of the world’s most luxurious hotels, this has mock canals flowing through its shopping area t

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Busy traffic on the Strip at dusk

Stratosphere Tower An observation deck at the top of this 1,149-ft (350-m) tower offers fine views of the city and the ring of mountains that rise from the desert a Circus Circus Lucky the clown beckons visitors to this resort, which offers circus acts and traditional carnival gam

sted façade of Riviera highlights the hotel’s hit shows, and is one of the most dazzling landmarks along North Strip i Sahara This Moroccan-themed hotel opened in 1952 and is one of the city’s oldest hotels. It features two of the most popular attractions on the Strip – the fast-paced Cyber Speedway and the thrilling roller coaster ride, Speed 0 meters 0 yards

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L AS V EGAS N EON The twinkling, flashing neon sign remains the dominant icon of Las Vegas, even though several of the new themed megaresorts here have opted for a more understated look. Neon is a gas discovered by British chemist Sir William Ramsey in 1898. But it was a French inventor, Georges Claude, who, in 1910, discovered that an electric current passed through a glass tube of neon emitted a powerful, shimmering light. In the 1940s and 50s the craft of neon sign-making was elevated to the status of an art form in Las Vegas.

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3950 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 6327777; (877) 632-7800. 7 8 # 24 hours (see p238). ∑ www.mandalaybay.com

resort aims to re-create the tropics of the late 19th century. Located at the south end of the Strip, it opened in 1999 and has 3,300 rooms. Tropical plants and white stucco architectural features such as arches and decorative cornices evoke a colonial atmosphere. Even the vast 135,000-sq-ft (12,550-sqm) casino manages to suggest elegant 1890s Singapore. One highlight is the 10-acre (4-ha) lagoon-style swimming pool with its sandy beach and wave machine, plus a water ride around the pool. More restrained than other Strip resorts, the Mandalay Bay includes 15 restaurants, two

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nightclubs, and a theater which often hosts Broadway musicals. It is also the only resort on the Strip to feature a non-gaming hotel, the Four Seasons, located on the Mandalay’s top four floors.

Luxor 2 3900 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 2624000; (800) 288-1000. # 24 hours (see p237). 7 8 ∑ www.luxor.com

30-story bronze pyramid opened in 1993 and quickly became a Las Vegas icon. Despite the fact that the resort is modeled on the Eygptian city of Luxor, which has no pyramid, there is impressive attention to detail in the range of Ancient Egyptian architectural features. Painted temple pillars adorn the casino, and a reproduction Cleopatra’s Needle graces the entrance. Visitors enter the

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pyramid through the legs of a giant sphinx to find themselves inside the casino where the ranks of ringing slot machines are surrounded by walls decorated with copies of paintings and hieroglyphs from the real Luxor’s Karnak temple. Although today’s Luxor has removed some of the more kitsch elements of its original decor, such as a ride down the “Nile” in Cleopatra’s barge, its animatronic talking camels can still be found near the walkway to the Excalibur hotel, close to the shops of the Giza Galleria. As a tribute to Egypt’s ancient religions, a beam of light is projected from the pyramid’s apex nightly – so powerful that it can be seen from planes cruising above Los Angeles 250 miles (400 km) away. Among the hotel’s many attractions, a free ride in the guest elevators (named “inclinators”) ranks high – they travel along the inclines of the 350-ft (110-m) pyramid at an angle of 39 degrees. Also for those unafraid of heights, the Luxor Imax™ Theater, with its raked seats, offers 3-D films projected onto a seven-storyhigh screen. The experience takes viewers on a breathtaking journey in a range of environments from the Cretaceous period and its dinosaurs to the Grand Canyon. King Tut’s Tomb and Museum is a meticulously researched reproduction of Tutankhamun’s tomb as it was when archaeologists Howard Carter and

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A Las Vegas wedding comes second only to the lure of the gaming tables. The kitsch style of a range of ceremonies, from a drive-in chapel to themed medieval receptions or an Elvis Presley special, persuades more than 100,000 couples to tie the knot here each year. One brave couple said their vows on a high platform in front of Circus Circus before performing a spectacular bungee jump. A host of celebrities have married here, including Elvis and Priscilla Presley and rock star Noel Gallagher and Meg Matthews. Packages start at around $100 and couples must obtain a $55 license from the Clark County Courthouse (200 S. 3rd St. (702) 455-3156; open daily, and 24 hours on weekends). Elvis impersonator with a new bride

Excalibur’s towers are designed to create a medieval fantasy castle

Excalibur 3 3850 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 5977777; (800) 937-7777. # 24 hours (see p236). 7 ∑ www.excalibur.com

larger hotels (it has more than 4,000 rooms), the Excalibur is a family friendly theme park resort with a casino attached. The medieval world of King Arthur and his knights is obvious at first sight of the castle like exterior with its white towers, turrets, moat, and drawbridge. Suits of armor line the entrance, which leads into the heavily themed casino where even the one-armed bandits have such signposts as “Medieval Slot Fantasy.” The second floor houses the Medieval Village, where quaint alleyways are lined with shops and restaurants, such as the Rigale Italian restaurant and Sir Galahad’s Prime Rib. The Fantasy Faire Midway features Magic Motion Machine Rides, which are

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thrilling three-minute, sightand-sound simulation adventures, such as a bobsled run and a runaway train. Free juggling, musical, and magic acts are performed on the Jester’s Stage every 45 minutes. On the floor below, a variety of simulator rides take visitors on a heart-stopping roller coaster ride or into a virtual sci-fi battle designed and directed by Star Wars director, George Lucas.

New York New York 4 3790 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 740-6969; (800) 693-6763. # 24 hours (see p237). 7 ∑ www.nynyhotelcasino.com HIS HOTEL’S re-creation of the Manhattan skyline dominates the Tropicana Avenue corner of the Strip – no mean feat in a street of such impressive façades. Considered to be one of Las Vegas’ most appealing sights, New York New York is fronted by a 150-ft (46-m) replica of the Statue of Liberty, behind which are 12 of Manhattan’s most famous landmark buildings, including the Empire State, the Chrysler, and Seagram’s. Every interior detail of the hotel is designed to reflect a part of New York City, from the 1930s-style wood-paneled lobby to the

Central Park casino, made to a scale of 1:3, complete with footbridges, cast-iron streetlamps, and trees with fall foliage. This fabulous casino is entered from the Strip via a replica of Brooklyn Bridge, which is one-fifth the size of the original. Roaring around the whole complex is the Manhattan Express, a roller coaster that twists and dives at speeds of 65 mph (105 kmph), and passes through the casino itself. Set among Greenwich Village brownstones is a wide range of cafés, restaurants, and bars offering a choice of live music from swing and jazz to Motown and rock.

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MGM Grand 5 3799 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 8911111; (800) 929-1111. # 24 hours (see p237). 7 8 ∑ www.mgmgrand.com

MGM Grand building is fronted by the famous Leo, a 45-ft(15-m-) tall bronze lion used as the symbol of the MGM Hollywood film studio. The original MGM hotel was built in the 1970s, farther down the strip on the site of the present Bally’s hotel, and was named Seen from across the Strip at night, the Tropicana hotel building for the 1930s film, Grand Hotel, starring Greta Garbo. In 1980 the worst hotel fire in Studio 54, is one of the Strip’s most popular nightspots. Las Vegas history destroyed 6 Another favorite, the MGM the building and Grand Lion Habitat, offers killed 84 people. 3801 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 739the chance to see these Although the Grand 2222; (800) 634-4000. # 24 hours magnificent animals at did reopen on this site, (see p238). 7 close quarters. The it was not until 1993 that ∑ www.tropicanalv.com Grand Garden Arena is a the MGM Grand of today NE OF THE few 1950s 17,000-seat venue famous opened, on the corner of the boom hotels still on the for hosting big-name Strip and Tropicana Avenue. Strip, the Tropicana was built acts, including Barbra It covered a mammoth 114 in 1957. Las Vegas’ famous Streisand, the Rolling acres (46 ha) and was illusionist act, Siegfried & Stones, and Elton John. The themed on the movie The Arena is also a venue for Roy, first appeared here, at its Wizard of Oz. A 1999 Folies Bergères in 1973. In major sports events and refurbishment expanded 1995 the resort was restyled, world championship this theme to include all MGM Grand boxing. The more and it now has lush tropical MGM movies. Over figurine gardens and a fine Caribbean intimate 750-seat $500 million have been village façade. A 5-acre (2-ha) Hollywood Theater spent on the resort, attracts many top entertainers, water park is one of the hotel’s which prides itself as Vegas’ “City of Entertainment.” most delightful attractions, such as Liza Minnelli, David The largest hotel in the US Copperfield, Don Rickles, and featuring three outdoor pools, with more than 5,000 rooms, a heated indoor pool, and five Stevie Wonder. It has also the Grand boasts an array of spas. Waterfalls and exotic hosted Jay Leno’s “The entertainment and restaurants, Tonight Show”. flowers and foliage provide a and a 171,500-ft-sq (16,000habitat for flamingoes, black O MGM Grand Lion Habitat swans, and Brazilian parrots. sq-m) casino. Its re-creation MGM Grand. # 11am–10pm daily. 7 The pool offers somewhat of New York’s famous club, unusual casino action with swim-up blackjack tables which have a waterproof surface and money dryers. A small museum within the resort is devoted to gambling history. At the Casino Legends Hall of Fame exhibits include a range of memorabilia and tributes to the founding fathers of Las Vegas such as Benny Binion (see p118). There are also items from across Nevada, including antique slot machines and the largest collection of poker chips in the world.

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Austrian rhinestone, weighing over 50 lbs (23 kg), is also displayed here, near to Liberace’s personal memorabilia, which includes several precious jewelencrusted tiny music boxes.

HE SERENE Spanish-style façade of the Liberace 8 Museum is a vivid contrast to its glittering contents. Founded 3785 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 597in 1979, the museum celeb3122. # varies for each attraction. 7 rates the life and work of HIS NEON-CLAD building one of Las Vegas’s best-loved features a 100-ft- (33-m-) performers, Liberace (1919– 87). The cars, pianos, and famously high neon Coca-cola bottle. The Mall is an excellent place bejeweled costumes of this flamboyant personality are to take children but also offers enough to satisfy adults exhibited in three sections. who are badly in need of a The main area houses 18 of break from casinos. There Liberace’s 39 pianos, are two main attractions and the cars include a – GameWorks (the rare Rolls Royce brainchild of movie covered with mogul Steven mirror tiles Spielberg), and and etched M&M’s World. galloping While the horses in latter is hardly which Liberace, more than a dressed to match, would promotional exhibit for the arrive at his Las company’s products, Vegas show. it does offer fun elemLavishly rhinestoned costumes and stage ents and plentiful chocolate samples jewelry are also on show. The costumes Liberace in his King on the M&M’s tour. Neptune costume GameWorks, on worn at his final 1986 performance the other hand, offers its visitors hands-on took six seamstresses, wearentertainment with Indy-car ing protective sunglasses simulator rides, virtual gun against the glare of the battles, and a daunting 75-ft stones, several months to (26-m) climbing wall. There make. The world’s largest

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are also reasonably priced cafés and restaurants. G GameWorks Showcase Mall. § (702) 895-7626. # 10am–12pm Sun–Thu; 10am– 2am Fri & Sat. & for climbing wall. 7 ∑ www.gameworks.com

Aladdin 9 3667 Las Vegas Blvd S. § (702) 7855555; (877) 333-9474. # 24 hours (see p237). 7 ∑ www.aladdincasino.com NE OF LAS VEGAS’

historic hotels, the Aladdin, opened in 1963 as the Strip’s first non-gaming resort, but the concept was ahead of its time and the hotel folded. Re-opened in the mid-1960s, in 1967 it hosted one of Vegas’ V most glamorous events, the wedding of Elvis and Priscilla Presley. Today, the Aladdin has been completely rebuilt on the 1,001 Arabian Nights theme. It includes Desert Passage, a lavishly designed shopping, dining, and entertainment complex that re-creates the souks of North Africa. Its store-lined alleyways wind around a 7,000-seat performing arts theater. Aladdin has built the first private membership club casino in addition to its public casino. “The London Club” is modeled on the exclusive European-style casinos seen in James Bond movies.

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Paris 0 3655 Las Vegas Blvd. § (877) 7962096. # 24 hours (see p237). 7 8 ∑ www.parislv.com

Bally’s Hotel (see p237) on the Strip, Paris is a $760 million resort that looks like a Hollywood film set of the real French capital. The façade is composed of replicas of such Paris landmark buildings as the Louvre, the Hôtel de Ville, and the Arc de Triomphe. A 50-story, halfscale Eiffel Tower dominates the complex, and visitors can ride an elevator to the observation deck at the top or dine in its gourmet restaurant 100 ft (33 m) above the Strip. The casino contains architectural details that meticulously re-create Parisian streetlife, including cast-iron street lamps, and everything is set beneath a fabulous painted sky. Cocktail Cobblestone streets waitress wind along the edge of the casino and are filled with shops selling an array of expensive French goods including clothes, wine, cheese, and chocolate. The resort also boasts five lounges, a spa, and a wedding chapel. There are eight restaurants, including the brasserie-style Mon Ami Gabi

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Half-size model of the Eiffel Tower in the Paris hotel complex

(see p255). This restaurant has tables situated outside overlooking the Strip, where diners can enjoy fine French cuisine in true Paris style.

Bellagio q 3600 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 693-7111; (888) 987-6667. # 24 hours (see p238). 7 8 ∑ www.bellagio.com

$1.6 BILLION luxury resort opened in 1998 on the site of a previous hotel called the Dunes. Its design is based on the northern Italian town of Bellagio, with ocherand terracotta-colored Mediterranean buildings set back from the Strip behind an 8acre (3-ha) lake modeled on Italy’s Lake Como. One of the

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The Bellagio’s famous dancing fountains shooting high into the air

hotel’s many attractions is the sublime fountain display on the lake that springs into action at regular intervals through the day and evening. Crowds gather to watch the free show – a choreographed water dance set to music, accompanied by visual effects including a rolling mist and, at night, stunning light effects. No expense has been spared on the Bellagio’s interior either; beautiful carpets and marble floors line the parade of upscale shops that include some of the most stylish names in Italian design, such as Armani and Prada. Delicate Carrara marble mosaics adorn all the entrance hall floors, and the main lobby ceiling is hung with sculpted glass flowers of every color. Even the casino manages to be light and airy; powerful air-conditioning helps banish the smoky atmosphere. Perhaps the most surprising aspect of the Bellagio is its Gallery of Fine Art, which features major international shows of collections ranging from the famous Russian Imperial eggs and jewelry of Fabergé to the celebrity portraits of Andy Warhol. Advance reservations are recommended and tickets for the gallery can be booked up to 30 days ahead. E

The Bellagio Gallery of Fine Art

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Flamingo Las Vegas e 3555 Las Vegas Blvd S. § (702) 7333111; (800) 732-2111. # 24 hours (see p237). 7 ∑ www.flamingolv.com

pink and orange neon flower of the Flamingo hotel’s façade is, to many, the archetypal Las Vegas icon. However, nothing remains of the original 1946 casino: the last vestiges of this building, including mobster Bugsy Siegel’s private suite, were bulldozed in 1976 Caesars Palace, seen from its entrance on the Strip at night (see p97). One of the few remaining signs of this notorious gangster’s involvement in Barney Vinson gives free w the hotel is Bugsy’s Deli, a weekday lessons in most New York-style restaurant games, including craps and 3570 Las Vegas Blvd S. with displays of 1940s and blackjack (see pp128 –31). § (702) 731-7110; (800) 634-6661. 1950s black-and-white photoThe entrance to the chic # 24 hours (see p238). 7 graphs. In the 1990s a $130and highly exclusive Forum ∑ www.caesarspalace.com million renovation Shops (see p124) OMAN STATUES, Greek reated one of the continues the ancient columns, and cocktail most elegant pool Greek and Roman waitresses in togas could all areas in Vegas. Set theme and is as be found at Caesars Palace among 15 acres (6 impressive as the when it opened in 1966. The ha) of landscaped hotel and casinos, decor and waitresses remain gardens, two featuring a trompe part of the ambience here, but l’oeil sky ceiling and Olympic-sized pools in a less kitsch, more upscale a triumphal arch Bagel-shaped sign are veiled by tropical for Bugsy’s Deli way since more than $600 plants and palm trees, topped by an million was spent refurbishing imposing statue of a with islands that the resort during the 1990s. provide a home to African charioteer driving four This classic Vegas casino was golden horses. penguins and pink flamingthe first themed hotel on the oes. There is a kids’ pool, two Replicas of the Trevi and Strip and quickly established Jacuzzis, and a water slide Triton Fountains in Rome a reputation for attracting top adorn a sweeping plaza, which that leads to three additional artists, from Andy Williams in has a large reflective pool at its pools. The hotel’s pretty wedthe 1960s to the singer Celine ding chapel is also set in the center. There is also a majestic Dion and the magician David pool area. Both guests and spiral escalator leading to the Copperfield in the 1990s. Over shopping mall itself, which visitors may use the renowned the last four decades Caesars tennis club, which has four offers more than 150 upscale has also hosted international floodlit night courts, a pracclothes stores, specialty stores, sports events, including tice court, and a tennis shop. and restaurants. championship tennis, featuring stars such as John McEnroe and André Agassi, and boxing, with such names as world champions Muhammad Ali and Mike Tyson. Today, the hotel houses three casinos, four lounges, a new health spa, and the 4.5acre (1.8-ha) Garden of the Gods – a pleasant landscaped area with three swimming pools. Caesars’ elegant façade is fronted by fountains and cypress trees. The casinos have all been refurbished and, with their high ceilings and light decor, have an elegant, upbeat atmosphere. Lush palms surround the pool at the Flamingo Las Vegas The charming gaming expert

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The Statue of Liberty dominates New York New York’s Manhattan skyline façade

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Autocollections at the Imperial Palace r

have included a Duesenberg Murphy Roadster owned by Howard Hughes. More recent, but no less stylish, are the Cadillacs, Lincolns, 3535 Las Vegas Blvd. S. § (702) and Chevrolets of the 1950s 731-3311. # 9am–9pm daily. and 1960s with their elong& 7 ∑ www. ated tail fins, leather autocollections.com seats, and chrome accessories, OCATED ON such as the the fifth 1961 Lincoln floor of the Continental Imperial used by Palace Hotel’s Jacqueline parking lot, An example of the celebrity-owned Kennedy. A cars on show at the Imperial Palace 1976 Cadillac this multimillion-dollar that once belonged to Elvis Presley is collection of classic cars from around the world will impress another former exhibit. even the most auto-phobic of visitors. Ralph Engelstad, owner of the Imperial Palace t Hotel, began his collection with a 1929 Ford Model A 3355 Las Vegas Blvd. S. § (702) Roadster in 1979. Two years 414-1000; (888) 283-6423. # 24 later, the museum was hours (see p238). 7 8 opened with enough space ∑ www.venetian.com for 200 cars. HIS ASTOUNDING piece of As well as vintage Fords, architecture re-creates the the exhibition includes such classics as Mercedes, Chevys, city of Venice and currently Cadillacs, and a range of contains more than 4,000 suites. The Venetian Wedding military vehicles. Today, Chapel overlooks the garden, many of the cars are for sale, with seating for up to 150 some with price tags of more guests. One of the new breed than one million dollars. of luxury Vegas megaresorts, The collection is constantly changing as cars are sold and the Venetian has been built on the site of the legendary new ones replace them. At Sands Hotel. The Sands was various times the exhibits

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the home of the “Rat Pack” (see p97), and a famous swim-up craps table, which was demolished in 1996. Facing the Strip, facsimiles of the Doge’s Palace, the Campanile, and the Ca d’Oro overlook the blue waters of the Grand Canal – complete with a gondola park beneath a Rialto Bridge. Craftsmen have made sure that every detail is authentic, even the concrete has been aged to look like 400-year-old stone. The colonnaded cloister of the Doge’s Palace offers visitors one of the best views of the Strip. In front of the palace it is possible to rent a gondola to gently travel into the building along a winding canal to the Grand Canal Shoppes. The Venetian fantasy continues here with highquality stores and restaurants set among cobblestone walkways and bridges beneath a blue painted sky that resembles a Renaissance painting. Acres of lavish marble Entertainer at flooring, statues, the Venetian and replicas of famous Venetian paintings are found throughout this elegant complex. The stunning front lobby has a dome decorated with scenes from Venetian master paintings while the entrance to the Grand Canal Shoppes boasts a copy of Veronese’s 1538 painting, The Apotheosis of Venice.

Mirage y 3400 Las Vegas Blvd. S. § (702) 791-7111; (800) 627-6667. # 24 hours (see p238). 7 8 ∑ www.themirage.com

hotel-casino opened in the fall of 1989 at the staggering cost of $620 million. At the time, it was the largest hotel in the US with 3,044 rooms. This new megaresort aimed to cater not only to gamblers but also to vacationers and conventioneers.

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The stylish Venetian Hotel, complete with reproduction Campanile

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Dramatic pirate battle on the lagoon at Treasure Island

Perhaps more than any other hotel, the Mirage revolutionized the Strip, setting out to draw visitors with attractions other than just the casino – a kind of fantasyland for adults. The Mirage occupies an entire block along Las Vegas Boulevard between Caesars Palace and Treasure Island, and offers a range of attractions to its own guests and Vegas visitors alike. Its trafficstopping façade introduces the complex’s South Sea island theme with tropical gardens, waterfalls, and a lagoon. But the star of the show is undoubtedly a volcano that erupts, spewing fire and smoke, every 15 minutes each evening. Inside the complex, an atrium filled with exotic

plants (some real, some fake) is kept suitably steamy by computerized misters. Behind the main desk a 20,000-gallon (90,000-liter) aquarium is filled with brightly colored fish and small sharks. As well as gaming, visitors can shop in designer stores, eat in one of 18 restaurants and bars, or see the famed Siegfried & Roy in the Secret Garden. Siegfried & Roy are known for their conservation work with threatened white tigers and lions, and these amazing creatures can be seen at close quarters in a delightful zoo in the hotel’s lush, landscaped gardens. Adjacent to the zoo thre is also a spacious dolphin pool, where dolphins can be observed at play several times daily.

The exotic rainforest atrium in the Mirage

Treasure Island u 3300 Las Vegas Blvd.S. § (702) 894-7111; (800) 944-7444. # 24 hours (see p238). 7 ∑ www.treasureisland.com

its sister resort, the Mirage, Treasure Island is best-known for the pirate battle that takes place several times nightly on its lagoon on the Strip. This spectacular free show involves a full-scale battle between a pirate ship and a British frigate. Set against the background of an 18thcentury Caribbean village, flying stuntmen and canon fire let rip until the pirates are victorious and the defeated frigate sinks beneath the waves. The wooden walkway that surrounds this extravaganza is thronged with visitors jostling for a better view, but a ringside seat can be gained at the Battle Bar inside the hotel. In windy conditions the show may be canceled. Treasure Island is themed on Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel of the same name. More family-friendly than many newer resorts, the hotel is also host to the stunning contemporary circus, Mystère by Cirque du Soleil, performed in a specially customized showroom (see p127).

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Las Vegas Hilton o 3000 Paradise Road. § (702) 7325111; (800) 732-7117. # 24 hours. 7 ∑ www.lvhilton.com

is the star most associated with this hotel (which opened as The International in 1969), appearing here for a record 837 performances, all of which were sold out. Today, big-name singers such as Johnny Mathis and Chaka Khan perform here, but visitors can still pay tribute to the memory of the King at his lifesize statue just off the lobby. The hotel’s proximity to the Las Vegas Convention Center makes it popular with businesspeople, but luxurious surroundings, a plush casino, and the famous Star Trek: The Experience attraction all draw other visitors to the resort. The Spacequest Casino opened alongside Star Trek: The Experience, and is designed as a 24th-century space station where large windows look out onto the stars, Earth, and orbiting space shuttles. The Experience itself has been set up in partnership with Paramount Parks and offers a self-guided tour of costumes, special effects, and clips from both the TV series and movies. Visitors are then “beamed aboard” the transporter room of the USS Enterprise from where they are whisked off to fight the Klingons on a simulated ride of battle-filled adventure aboard a shuttle craft. Alternatively, the Deep Space Nine Promenade, from the

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been spent on refurbishing the resort in recent years. 2901 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 734While its glamor is somewhat 5110; (800) 634-6753. # 24 hours faded, the Riviera neverthe(see p237). 7 less retains an “old Vegas” ∑ www.theriviera.com atmosphere, symbolized by its large, brash casino. NE OF THE group of Las This is one of the less expenVegas hotels that were sive big Strip hotels, but it built on the Strip still offers a good range during the postWorld War II of facilities, building boom, including an the Riviera Olympic-sized opened in 1955. pool, tennis courts, and Its nine-story tower made the a health spa. hotel the city’s There are Bronze sculpture of showgirls at the Riviera first high-rise. several restauSome of the key rants, cafés, characters of Las Vegas’ past bars, and stores, as well as have featured in the hotel’s four live shows including a comedy showcase. history. Liberace was the first headliner here, appearing with legendary Hollywood actress Joan Crawford, who was the official hostess on opening night. Liberace was paid a record-breaking $50,000 a week. Over the next ten years the Riviera consolidated its reputation for offering glamorous entertainment, attracting such Hollywood stars as Orson Welles, Ginger Rogers, and Marlene Dietrich. Today the Riviera occupies 1,000 ft (300 m) of the north Strip, and boasts 2,075 rooms. Visitors tour Star Trek: The Experience at the Las Vegas Hilton Several million dollars have

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Seen from the south, the brightly lit Circus Circus façade features Lucky the clown

spin-off television series first shown in the 1990s, offers themed cafés and shops such as Quark’s Bar and Restaurant and Moogie’s Trading Post. G Star Trek: The Experience Las Vegas Hilton. # noon–8:30pm daily. 7 & Visitors must be 42 in (107 cm) tall to ride the Experience.

Circus Circus p 2880 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 734-0410; (800) 634-3450. # 24 hours (see p236). 7 ∑ www.circuscircus.com

north end of the Strip, Circus Circus opened in 1968 and is a themed resort offering family entertainment. The hotel has a choice of reasonably priced restaurants and buffets, including a delicious steak house. This vast property covers over 68 acres (27.5 ha) and has the largest indoor theme park in the country. The huge Adventuredome is housed inside a pink dome, with a recreated Southwest landscape of sandstone cliffs, caves, and a waterfall, and is maintained at a temperature of 72°F (21°C) year round. The range of rides here includes the terrifying double loop, double corkscrew roller coaster, a water flume ride that races down a mountain, and the Fun House Express – an Imax™ simulator ride. The three casinos here cover

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an incredible 100,000 sq ft 30 seconds to whisk visitors (9,500 sq m). Above the main to the top, where two thrilling casino is the Big Top with its rides are located. The High circular walkway of traditional Roller roller coaster twists games where the and turns around children are the the tower, and the winners – they can Big Shot shoots often be seen here visitors 160 ft carrying lots of (49 m) up in the stuffed toys. This air. At ground level is also the place to the 100,000 sq ft find the seating for Neon sign rising above (9,500 sq m) casino the Stratosphere includes a poker the live circus acts room and a keno that perform halfhourly from 11am to lounge. The Stratosphere also midnight. World-class acrobats offers two shows, several rescan be seen flying high above taurants, and a range of stores. the heads of the gamblers filling the slot machines below. G The High Roller and the Big Shot Stratosphere. # 10am–1am Sun– G The Adventuredome Circus Circus. § (702) 794-3939. # daily (times vary). & 7

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Stratosphere a 2000 Las Vegas Blvd S. § (702) 380-7777. # 24 hours (see p236). 7 ∑ www.stratospherehotel.com

at the north end of the Strip, away from the main attractions, this resort hotel boasts the 1,149-ft(350-m-) high Stratosphere Tower – a Vegas landmark and the tallest building west of the Mississippi River. The summit has indoor and outdoor observation decks, which offer unparalleled views of the city and the surrounding desert and mountains, and a popular revolving restaurant (see p255). The tower elevators take just

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cash. Binion’s is now managed by Harrah’s Casinos, and the legend continues, offering table games, slot machines, and card games. T Today, Binion’s is famous for the annual World Series of Poker competition, in which players from all over the world play for three weeks, the winner scooping $1.5 million. Other historic Las Vegas casinos along Fremont Street include The Plaza, built in 1971 on the site of the original Union Pacific Evening light show at the Fremont Street Experience Railroad depot, with its atmospheric 1970s style. The The street is pedestrianized friendly El Cortez, with its and visitors can easily stroll Mexican styling, faces s from casino to casino, stopFremont Street from Las Vegas ping to snack and shop at a Boulevard, and is one of the Light shows: hourly 6pm–midnight variety of stalls along the way. few casinos to retain archidaily. 7 Although some of the famous tectural features from its ∑ www.vegasexperience.com 1950s and 1960s original 1950s neon signs gave building. The NOWN AS “Glitter Gulch,” way to the new Four Queens, Fremont Street was in show, many of named for the the heart of Las Vegas when the dazzling neon owner’s four it was incorporated in 1905. façades belongdaughters, was This is where the first casinos ing to some of built in 1966 and were located, complete with Golden Nugget neon sign has one of the the city’s oldest at the Fremont Experience best arrays of stylish neon signs, and and best-loved famous illuminated icons casinos remain. lights on Fremont such as Vegas Vic and Vickie In contrast to the Strip, the Street. Inside, gilt mirrors and lit up the night sky. However, buildings are closer together chandeliers evoke early 19thduring the 1980s and 1990s, here, making casino-hopping century New Orleans, and the Fremont Street suffered in an easy option. casino claims to have the largcompetition with more lavish For many years the landmark est slot machine in the world. attractions on the Strip and casino in Vegas was Binion’s At 9-ft (3-m) high and 20-ft became a run-down city Horseshoe, now known as (6-m) wide, it takes six players center avoided by tourists. Binion’s. Benny Binion is one at a time. Fully renovated in In 1994 the city’s ambitious of the city’s legendary charac- 1976, the Golden Nugget is $70-million project to revitaters, who is said to have arrived bright and clean. The eponylize the area was initiated. in town in 1946 wearing a ten- mous golden nugget is the A vast steel canopy now gallon hat and carrying a suit- world’s largest, weighing an covers five blocks of the case filled with $2 million in incredible 61 lbs 11 oz (27 kg). street, from which the spectacular Fremont Binion’s 128 E. Fremont St. (see p236). Street Experience Light § (702) 382-1600. # 24 hours. and Sound Show 7 ∑ www.binions.com projects five producThe Plaza tions every night: The 1 Main St. (see p236). Drop, a mythical § (702) 386-2110. # 24 hours. 7 underwater journey; ∑ www.plazahotelcasino.com Area 51, a peek at a El Cortez fantastical alien world; 600 E. Fremont St. (see p236). American Freedom, a § (702) 385-5200. # 24 hours. patriotic salute to the 7 ∑ www.elcortezhotelcasino.com Red, White, and Blue; Four Queens Odyssey; and Heartbeat. 202 E. Fremont St. (see p236). Visitors experience § (702) 385-4011. # 24 hours. high-resolution images 7 ∑ www.fourqueens.com presented by over 12 Golden Nugget million synchronized 129 E. Fremont St. (see p236). LED modules accomBinion’s, one of Fremont Street’s § (702) 385-7111. # 24 hours. panied by concertmost traditional casinos 7 ∑ www.goldennugget.com quality sound.

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fauna of the Mojave desert. Animatronic dinosaurs include a 35-ft- (10.5-m-) long Tyrannosaurus rex, while the marine exhibit has live sharks and eels. In the handson discovery room visitors can dig for fossils and explore the five senses.

The modernist façade of the Lied Discovery Children’s Museum

Lied Discovery Children’s Museum d 833 Las Vegas Blvd N. § (702) 382- 3445. # 9am–4pm Tue–Fri; 10am–5pm Sat; noon–5pm Sun. ¢ Mon (except school holidays), Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. & 7 ∑ www.ldcm.org CONICAL, CONCRETE

teepee forms part of this striking building, which also houses a branch of the Las Vegas City Library. Opened in 1990, this excellent museum is devoted to interactive exhibits that are fun for both adults and children. The first floor focuses on the arts and is the venue for workshops including maskmaking and designing musical instruments. Children can stand inside a gigantic bubble, freeze their shadows on a wall, and hear simple phrases translated into different languages, including Navajo. The second floor features the inhouse radio station,

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which encourages children to explore how radio works. Changing exhibitions cover a range of subjects from world cultures to art and wildlife.

The Las Vegas Natural History Museum f 900 Las Vegas Blvd. § (702) 3843466. # 9am–4pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. & 7 ∑ www.lvnhm.org

with the families who need a break from the Strip resorts, this museum has an appealing range of exhibits. Dioramas re-create the African savannah and display a variety of wildlife from leopards and cheetahs to several African antelope species such as nyalas, bush boks, and duikers. The Wild Nevada Room features the flora and

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Old Las Vegas Mormon State Historic Park g 500 East Washington Blvd. § (702) 486-3511. # 8am– 4:30pm Mon–Sat. ¢ Sun. ∑ www.parks.nv.gov/olvmf

the children’s museum on Las Vegas Blvd., the small soft-pink adobe building that is the only remains of a Mormon fort is a tranquil spot. The oldest building in Las Vegas, the fort dates back to 1855, when the first group of Mormon settlers arrived in the area. They constructed an adobe fort arranged around a 150-ft- (45-m-) long placita (small rectangular plaza) with 14-ft- (4-m-) high walls, but abandoned it three years later. The fort became part of a ranch in the 1880s and was run by Las Vegas pioneer Helen Stewart (see p96). The City of Las Vegas bought the site in 1971. Today, visitors enter a reconstruction of the original adobe house with its simply furnished interior much as it would have been under Mormon occupation. The building also contains an exhibition that describes the Mormon missions and their impact on Las Vegas.

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Lake Mead National Recreation Area j Road map A3. § (702) 293-8906; Alan Bible Visitor Center (702) 2938990. c Las Vegas. # 8:30am– 4:30pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. & 7 limited. M ∑ www.nps.gov/lame

completion of the Hoover Dam, the waters of the Colorado River filled the inexpensive electricity. Today, deep canyons that once towered above the river to create a the dam supplies water and huge reservoir. This lake, with electricity to the three states its 700 miles (1,130 km) of of Nevada, Arizona, and shoreline, is the centerCalifornia, and has piece of Lake Mead created Lake Mead – National Recreation a popular tourist Area, a 1.5-millioncenter. Visitors to acre (600,000-ha) the dam can take tract of land. The the Discovery Tour focus is on water which includes a sports, especially trip to the sailing, waterskiing, observation deck Power boating b on Lake Mead and fishing. Striped and generator bass and rainbow viewing area. Visitors V can move at their own pace to trout are popular catches. There are also several campsix stations around the dam, grounds and marinas. where guides give presentations every 15 minutes. There are superb views of the dam and the surrounding badlands from k the top of the visitor center.

Neat lawns and houses in the Boulder City suburbs

Boulder City and Hoover Dam h Road map A3. * 12,500. ~ c n Hoover Dam Visitor Center, Hoover Dam, Boulder City. § (702) 5975970; (866) 291-8687. & 7

(13 km) west of the colossal Hoover Dam, Boulder City was built as a model community to house dam construction workers. With its neat yards and suburban streets, it is one of Nevada’s most attractive and well-ordered towns. Its Christian founders banned casinos, and there are none here today. Several of its original 1930s buildings remain, including the restored 1933 Boulder Dam Hotel, which houses the Hoover Dam Museum. The Hoover Dam was built between 1931 and 1935 across the Colorado River’s Black Canyon, 30 miles (48 km) east of Las Vegas. Hailed as an engineering victory, the dam gave this desert region a reliable water supply and provided

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E Hoover Dam Museum 1305 Arizona St., Boulder City. § (702) 294-1988. # 10am –5pm Mon–Sat; 12pm–5pm Sun. ¢ public hols. & 7 ∑ www.bcmha.org

Extraordinary rock formations in the Valley of Fire State Park

Road map A3. § (702) 397-2088. c Las Vegas. & 7 partial. M ∑ www.state.nv.us/stparks

scenic state park has a remote, desert location some 60 miles (97 km) northeast of Las Vegas. Its name derives from the red sandstone formations that began as huge, shifting

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starts from a picnic area at the end of Nevada State Hwy 157. This is the more southerly of the two byroads leading to Mount Charleston off Hwy 95; the other is Hwy 156, which runs to the Lee Canyon Ski Area, catering to both skiers and snowboarders.

E Lost City Museum of Archaeology

Red Rock Canyon z

Mount Charleston l Road map A3. § (702) 872-5486; (702 515-5400 (Forest Service). c Las Vegas. M ∑ www.fs.fed.us/htnf

45 MILES (72 km) northwest of Las Vegas, Mount Charleston rises to 11,918 ft (35,754 m) out of Toiyabe National Forest, clad with pine, mountain mahogany, fir, and aspen. Also known as the Spring Mountain Recreation Area, it offers refuge from the Las Vegas summer heat, with a variety of hiking trails and picnic areas. In the wintertime, skiing and snowboarding are popular (see p271). A range of hikes is available, including two demanding trails that snake up to the summit: the 11-mile (18-km) North Loop Trail, and the 9-mile (14-km) South Loop Trail. Easier walks on the forested slopes are also marked, including a one-hour hike up Cathedral Rock. This walk

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sand dunes about 150 million years ago. There are four well-maintained trails across this wilderness, including the Petroglyph Canyon Trail, an easy half-mile (0.8-km) loop, which takes in several fine prehistoric Ancestral Puebloan rock carvings. Here, summer temperatures often reach 112°F (30°C). The best time to visit is in spring or fall. The nearby town of Overton lies along the Muddy River. Ancestral Puebloan people (see pp26 –7) settled here in around 300 BC but left some 1,500 years later, perhaps because of a long drought. Archaeologists have unearthed hundreds of prehistoric artifacts in the area since the first digs began in the 1920s. Overton’s Lost City Museum of Archaeology, just outside the town, has a large collection of pottery, beads, woven baskets, and delicate turquoise jewelry.

721 S. Moapa Valley Blvd., Overton. § (702) 397-2193. # 8:30am – 4:30pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7

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Rainbow Mountain in Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area

Road map A3. § (702) 515-5350. c Las Vegas. # 8am–5pm daily. ¢ public hols. 7 limited. M ∑ www.redrockcanyon.blm.gov

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Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area. A gnarled escarpment rises out of the desert, its gray limestone and red sandstone the geological residue of an ancient ocean and the huge sand dunes that succeeded it. Red Rock Canyon is easily explored on an enjoyable 13-mile (21-km) scenic road that loops off Hwy 159. Beside the road are picnic spots and trailheads for a series of short hikes that cover the area’s steep winding canyons. The visitor center at the start of the road has useful displays on the Canyon’s flora and fauna. There are more some 80 to 100 bighorn sheep in the conservation area.

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More than 1,400 miles (2,250 km) in length, the Colorado River flows through seven states on its journey from the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of California. A treacherous, unpredictable river, it used to be a raging torrent in spring and a trickle in the heat of summer. As a source Hoover of water it was therefore unreliable and, in 1928, Dam sign the seven states it served signed the Boulder Canyon Project Act to define how much water each state could siphon off. The agreement paved the way for the Hoover Dam, and its construction began in 1931. It was a mammoth task, and more than 5,000 men toiled day and night to build what was, at 726 ft (218 m), the world’s tallest dam. Named after Herbert Hoover, the 31st president of the US (1929–33), and an avid supporter of the project, it contains 17 hydroelectric generating units. View of the Hoover Dam

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P R AC T I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N one of the available. However, with so much to world’s most popular playgrounds. choose from it is a good idea to do some advance planning. Most visitors The Strip at night, in all its spend most of their time blazing glory, is a sight around the Strip and the that never seems to Downtown area, but tire visitors. Vegas is a city that knows how New York New York yellow stretch cab there are many rewarding day trips to be had to cater to its guests, and a wealth of information about hotels, exploring other nearby sights includcasinos, dining, and entertainment is ing Grand Canyon (see pp58 –63).

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G ETTING AROUND L AS V EGAS transit authority, Citizens Area Transit (CAT), runs the number 301 bus, which stops at all the major hotels along the Strip for a flat fare of $2. Exact change is required; dollar bills are accepted. There are also the Las Vegas Strip Trolleys, green, oldFaçade of the Las Vegas Convention Center style buses which travel between Luxor and StratosG ENERAL I NFORMATION do vary greatly (see pp236 –8). phere Tower on the Strip for Generally room rates are a flat fare of $1.75. These HOOSING WHEN TO go to higher on weekends than services can save a great deal Vegas can be tricky if you during the week. It is always of pounding up and down are looking for a bargain deal. worth asking for a special rate the Strip between hotels, but These days the city is a highly if you are staying for a few both can sometimes be popular destination year days. Booking through a travel unpredictable and slow. agent, calling the toll-free round, but unless you have If used a lot, taxis here can prebooked, it is generally best numbers, or contacting one work out to be an expensive of the online to avoid the major convenway of getting reservation tions when the hotels can be around. They agencies (such charge $2.20 full. New Year is also an extremely busy time. as Accomfor the first Summers are very hot here modations mile plus $1.50 Citizen’s Area Transit logo with an average July temperExpress and for each addiTripReservations.com) m can ature of 105°F (40°C). Spring tional mile. A cab from the also result in a less expensive airport to the south end of the and fall are sunny without such intense heat, and winters deal. Each major hotel has its Strip (a five-minute trip) costs can also be warm but with own website with a reservaaround $11, while a trip to occasional cold winds. tions facility (see under indithe north end can be as much The Las Vegas Convention vidual hotel pp236–8). as $20. Cabs can be hailed on and Visitor’s Authority the street if their top lights are T IPPING (LVCVA) sends out excellent on, or, more commonly, information packs, and they picked up at one of the hotel HIS IS part of life in Las also have a website, offering lines where you will be Vegas. Bellhops expect $1 expected to tip the doorman information on every aspect per bag, bartenders $1 a drink, at least a dollar. of your trip. Once in the city waiters 15 percent of there are numerous free the check, and papers such as What’s On, as well as two daily newspapers, cab drivers 10–15 percent of the the Las Vegas Review Journal and the Las Vegas Sun, which fare. Leave a contain reviews of the current dollar a day for the chamber shows and restaurants. maids, and a tip Although Las Vegas is no for croupiers, if you longer the low-cost destinaLas Vegas Strip trolley bus are lucky and win. tion it once was, hotel prices

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D IRECTORY U SEFUL N UMBERS Accommodations Express § (800) 444-ROOM (7666). ∑ www.accommodations express.com

Ambassador Limo § (888) 519-5466. ∑ www.ambassadorlasvegas.com

Citizens Area Transit § (702) CAT RIDE. ∑ www.rtcsouthernnevada.com Monorail linking the Excalibur, Luxor, and Mandalay Bay resorts

Despite the fact that the majority of your time will be spent on one street, the Strip is a very long stretch of road, and while the properties along it appear to be near, this is an optical illusion caused by their vast size. Renting a car in Las Vegas allows you to see everything without getting footsore or spending a fortune on taxis. Parking is easy in Las Vegas; all the large Strip hotels have free parking lots. All the major car rental companies are represented here and cars may be picked up and dropped off at McCarran Airport. Rates can be as low as $20 a day. (For more information about arriving in Las Vegas see pp286 –7 ). Perhaps the ultimate Las Vegas travel experience is the limousine, particularly the stretch limo. It is possible to rent a wide range of these vehicles, including stretch and superstretch versions that come fitted out with TV, cocktail bar, and even Jacuzzi, for between $40 and $80 an hour. Several companies in the city, such as

Las Vegas Helicopters’ tour vehicles

Ambassador Limo and Las Vegas Limousines, rent their vehicles by the hour as well as for picking up and dropping off visitors at the airport. On Demand Sedan & Limousine Service provides chauffeur-driven vehicles.

S IGHTSEEING T RIPS from the Strip’s attractions, there are a variety of day trips on offer to Las Vegas’ surrounding sights. These include the gigantic Hoover Dam and nearby Lake Mead with its extensive opportunities for every kind of water sport (see p120). Organized trips by Gray Line and Coach USA include drives through the scenic Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area (see p121) and cruises aboard the Desert Princess on Lake Mead. One of the most popular excursions from Vegas is to Grand Canyon, which can be visited easily on a day trip. Airplane and helicopter rides can be arranged by various companies, including Scenic Airlines. Gray Line also runs

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Coach USA § (800) 634-6579. ∑ www.coachusa.com

Desert Princess § (702) 293-6180.

Gray Line § (800) 634-6579. ∑ www.grayline.com

Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority 3150 Paradise Rd. § (800) 332-5333. ∑ www.vegasfreedom.com

Las Vegas Helicopters § (702) 736-0013. ∑ www.lvhelicopters.com

Las Vegas Limousines § (888) 696-4400. ∑ www.lasvegaslimo.com

Las Vegas Strip Trolleys § (702) 382-1404.

On Demand Sedan & Limousine Service § (800) 245-9956. ∑ www.odslimo.com

Scenic Airlines § (702) 638-3300.

TripReservations.com § 1 (800) 255-0372. ∑ www.tripreservations.com

flights to Grand Canyon as well as organizing river rafting trips along the Colorado. City tours, which take in the Stratosphere Tower and Fremont Street Experience, can also be arranged. Perhaps the most exciting city tour is by helicopter at night; Las Vegas Helicopters specialize in night flights some 500 ft (150 m) above the Strip, which take in all the major resorts in their amazing settings. Most hotels have plenty of information on trips as well as providing a booking service.

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egas, such as the Strip’s Fashion Las Vegas ha how Mall, house upscale deconsolidated its reputation artment stores such as Saks as a shopper’s paradise. Fun ifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus. and tacky souvenirs are available or bargains in adult and chilin small stores along the Strip ren’s clothes and shoes as well whereas jewelry and designe s a variety of household items, clothes can be found everythe two outlet shopping Malls, where, from hotel shops to malls. Given the city’s hot cli- Souvenir ornament the Beltz Factory Outlet and mate, indoor shopping malls from Circus Circus Factory Stores of America, are are the norm. All the major resorts have located south of the Strip. Shopping their own covered parades of shops, centrally can be expensive, and if you and some, such as Caesars Palace need to pick up everyday items such as Forum Shops, are as flamboyant as the shampoo or a toothbrush ordinary malls hotels themselves. Several malls in Las used by the locals are a short drive away.

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Marble floors and a glass ceiling house elegant stores at Via Bellagio

H OTEL S HOPPING in many of the new megaresorts take shopping into a new dimension. Themed styling for the large hotels means that their resort streets are designed to look like Venice, Paris, or ancient Rome. The Forum Shops at Caesars Palace are decorated with columns, arches, statuary, and a trompe l’oeil sky, which simulates the changes from dawn to dusk through the day. The statues adorning one ornate fountain spring to life every 90 minutes and move with light and sound depicting the Atlantis myth. Among the 160 stores found here are designer clothes and shoes at Louis Vuitton, DKNY, and Emporio Armani. An enormous moving Trojan

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The recently opened Desert horse sits outside the top Passage at Aladdin is a fantasy American toy store FAO based on 1,001 Arabian Nights. Schwarz. There are specialty Stores and restaurants here are candy and chocolate shops, arranged around the narrow as well as a choice of restaurants including a franchise for lanes and squares of a North African souk (market) built renowned Los Angeles chef into the side of a mountain, Wolfgang Puck’s Spago. The beautiful Grand Canal and along a re-created harborfront complete with Shoppes at the Venetian are a full-size freighter. set among pretty, Stores include winding alleys. such US designers A canal, with an as Tommy Bahama amazing replica of and Billy Martin, St. Mark’s Square as well as upscale lies at the center cosmetics at of the mall. AlongNovelty magnets on Aveda, and innovside the usual display in a hotel store ative new lines designer apparel, such as Sephora. such as Jimmy Some of the 14 restaurants are Choo’s shoes and clothes among the country’s finest, by Joseph, there are many such as Lombardi’s and specialty stores selling a Commander’s Palace. variety of imported Italian Le Boulevard at the Paris goods, including antiques at Regis Gallery, Murano glass at hotel is a Francophile’s joy, Ripa De Monti, and a fine col- featuring authentic-style Parisian stores selling French lection of Venetian costumes goods including children’s and masks at Il Prato.

Roman statues and a painted sky at Caesars Palace’s Forum Shops

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D IRECTORY H OTEL S HOPPING Desert Passage # 10am–11pm Sun–Thu; 10am–midnight Fri–Sat. § (702) 866-0710. ∑ www.desertpassage.com

Forum Shops # 10am–11pm Sun–Thu; 10am–midnight Fri–Sat. § (702) 893-4800. ∑ www.forumshops.com Visitors entering the Fashion Show Mall on Las Vegas Boulevard

clothes, cheese, wine, and chocolate. The elegant Via Bellagio at the Bellagio hotel offers several upscale boutiques such as Chanel, Prada, and Gucci arranged along a marble-floored walkway with plenty of natural sunlight streaming in through an ornate glass ceiling (see p103).

Unusual for Las Vegas, Vegas Point Mall is an outdoor mall with 40 stores selling everything from clothes to household goods.

Grand Canal Shoppes # 10am–11pm Sun–Thu; 10am–midnight Fri–Sat. § (702) 414-4525.

Le Boulevard # 10am–11pm Sun–Thu; 10am–midnight Fri–Sat. § (702) 946-7000.

Via Bellagio # 10am–midnight daily. § (702) 693-7111.

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street from Treasure Island, the FashFaçade of Ghirardelli’s specialty ion Show Mall houses seven chocolate shop on the Strip department stores, including Neiman Marcus, Dillord’s, Macy’s, and Saks Fifth Avenue, S OUVENIRS AND as well as the ubiquitous Gap S PECIALTY S TORES and Abercrombie & Fitch. For HE LAS VEGAS OF old is often everyday items and lower associated with the tacky prices head off the Strip to the Boulevard Mall, which at and kitsch, and souvenirs here can be all those things. All 1.2 million square ft (111,500 sq m) is Nevada’s largest. The along the Strip stores sell memorabilia; always popular vast range of shops here are the Elvis sunglasses, some includes such all-American even have sideburns favorites as Sears attached. The largand JC Penney as well as book, gift, est emporium, the Bonanza General and jewelry stores. Store offers a wide There is also range of gifts, from a food court. 97 Elvis sunglasses the cheapest pair of If you’re searching slot machine for real bargains, earrings to luxury sets of there are two outlet malls poker chips. heading south along the Strip There are also a couple of past Mandalay Bay (see p102). gambling stores that offer a Outlet malls are proving very wide range of gaming merpopular. They sell branded chandise from the serious goods with minor faults or excess stock, often at up to to the frivolous. However, be aware that many gaming 70 percent discount. The Las items can be pricy. Showcase Vegas Outlet Mall has 155 Slots has both modern and stores ranging from Levi’s antique machines, while JP denims to Nike goods and Slot Emporium has a larger Waterford Crystal. This mall collection of bargain-price also has a carousel for one-armed bandits. children and a food court.

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3528 S. Maryland Pkwy. # 10am–9pm Mon–Fri; 10am– 9pm Sat; 11am–6pm Sun. § (702) 732-8949.

Fashion Show Mall 3200 Las Vegas Blvd. S. # 10am–9pm Mon–Fri; 10am– 8pm Sat; 11am–6pm Sun. § (702) 369-0704.

Las Vegas Outlet Mall 7400 Las Vegas Blvd. S. # 10am–9pm Mon–Sat; 10am– 6pm Sun. § (702) 896-5599.

Vegas Point Mall 9155 Las Vegas Blvd. S. # 10am–6pm Mon–Sat; 10am– 5pm Sun. § (702) 897-9090.

S PECIALTY S TORES Bonanza General Store 2400 Las Vegas Blvd. S. § (702) 384-0005.

JP Slot Emporium 3720 Tropicana Ave. W., Ste. 8. § (702) 736-4747. ∑ www.jpslots.com

Showcase Slots Desert Passage at the Aladdin 3663 Las Vegas Blvd. S. § (702) 733-6464.

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concentrated in the hotels along the Strip and Downtown, and range from small entertainment capital of the world. lounges to 1,000-seater showrooms. From free spectaculars such as While visitors can still enjoy the Treasure Island’s pirate battle to kitsch appeal of a Vegas burlavishly produced theatrical lesque show such as Don Arden’s shows, there is a full range of Jubilee, high-quality productions nightlife available. Sinatra and featuring the latest in lightElvis may be gone but heading and special effects are a liners still appear regularly in big draw. Comedy, magic, and the city’s showrooms, offering a music from jazz to salsa are also rare chance to see a favorite star in a surprisingly intimate setting. Cirque du Soleil widely available and often for free or the price of a cocktail. acrobat Most of the major venues are AS VEGAS MAKES a good claim to be the

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popularity. To see the Cirque du Soleil’s stunning Mystère at HERE IS NO shortage of TI you can book up to 90 information on the enterdays in advance, while you tainment scene in Las Vegas. can reserve space for most A variety of free publications other shows up to 14 days lists all the major productions ahead. It is also possible to as well as the latest big acts in get tickets on the night of the town. Magazines and free performance by lining up at newspapers such as Showbiz the box office an hour or so Weekly, Scope, What’s before showtime. On, and Las Vegas This is especially Weekly can usually true at times when be picked up in all there are no major the major hotels. conventions in town Even Las Vegas taxis and it is not a public Showgirls from Don Arden’s carry free guides to holiday. Weekdays Jubilee at Bally’s Hotel the city, with inforare a better bet than mation on shows weekends, although children and senior citizens and attractions. The most shows have Showbiz Weekly may be available, and free Las Vegas Convenone or two days off magazine tion and Visitor’s during the week. For tickets may be offered to the hotel casino’s big winners. Authority provides sports events, such up-to-date showguides, and as world championship boxH EADLINERS their website has current listing, or the big rock and pop ings and reviews (see p123). concerts, frequently held at VER SINCE THE the Strip’s the impressive 15,225-seater B UYING T ICKETS early days in the 1940s, MGM Grand Garden, tickets can also be purchased through Las Vegas resorts have lured HE EASIEST WAY to book some of the world’s most Ticketmaster and other famous performers to entertain tickets to the major shows agency outlets. Discounts for or visiting headliners is to call the venue/hotel directly on their toll-free number. Prices can vary, ranging from around $30 to $100 per ticket. The ticket may also include drinks, a free program, tips, and even dinner. Check in advance if there is preassigned seating, because if there isn’t, you can improve your chances of getting a good seat by tipping the maitre d’. Reservations should always be made in advance, but the length of time varies greatly Lavish production number at MGM Grand according to the show’s

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D IRECTORY Listed below is a choice of recommended Las Vegas shows. Blue Man Group A multimedia sensory experience of art, music, words, and sounds. Venetian Hotel & Casino § (702) 414-7469; (866) 641-7469. Two shows nightly at 7:30pm and 10pm, daily. Price: $63 to $90. Relaxing with a round of golf just minutes from the Strip

their gambling guests. Stars O UTDOOR A CTIVITIES such as Frank Sinatra, Dean NE OF THE most popular Martin, Liza Minelli, and Elvis outdoor activities here Presley played regularly here, often in relatively small “head- is golf. Las Vegas has dozens liner” showrooms. The 1,400of superbly designed golf seat Bally’s Celebrity Room has courses, some positioned in hosted a wide range of perfor- the midst of spectacular mances by some of America’s scenery. As well as private courses there are many most famous entertainers, public ones, some from Dean Martin and just a short distance Liza Minnelli to zany magicians Penn and from the Strip itself. Teller. Today, such The concierge desk in your hotel will Vegas stalwarts as advise and book singers Wayne Newton and Tom time at one of the Jones can be seen many nearby Clint Holmes’ show courses. There are at intimate venues. at Harrah’s also excellent tenClint Holmes, a versatile former lounge singer, nis facilities at some hotels, has a show with a 12-piece including Caesars Palace, the band at Harrah’s and has Monte Carlo, and the Riviera. risen to superstar status. Luxurious health spas are a standard element in the big L OUNGE A CTS hotels providing services such as weight rooms, personal ROM JAZZ AT Bally’s Indigo trainers, and massages. Lounge to Latin music at Hiking is available at the the Mirage’s Lagoon Saloon, nearby Red Rock Canyon, as there is a variety of music is horseback riding at Mount available in the lounge bars Charleston (702 872-5408). along the Strip. The megaresorts generally have at least P RODUCTION S HOWS two venues providing free entertainment throughout HE FIRST production show the day. Among the liveliest to be staged at a Strip is New York New York’s The resort was the musical revue Bar at Times Square, where Lido de Paris, at the Stardust, requests are played and a which began in 1958 and ran lot of boisterous audience for 33 years. This prompted participation takes place. These performances are free other hotels to stage their own except for the price of buying productions. Traditionally these a drink. However, each venue shows have long runs – the has a minimum drink purchase Tropicana staged the French charge or cover. The wonder- Folies Bergère in 1959, and it ful views from the Stratosphere is still going. Often performed Top of the World Lounge will in built-to-order showrooms, Vegas shows usually have two cost you the additional price performances each evening. of an elevator ticket.

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Clint Holmes The singer and his band tell the story of his life set to music. Harrahs § (702) 369-5000. One show nightly at 7:30pm, Mon–Sat. Price: $65.95.

Danny Gans Singer, comedian, impressionist. Mirage § (702) 791-7111; (800) 963-9634. One show nightly at 8pm, Tue, Wed, Fri & Sat. Price: $100.

Don Arden’s Jubilee Long-running showgirl revue. Bally’s § (702) 967-4567; (800) 237-7469. Two shows nightly at 7:30pm and 10:30pm, Sun–Thu. Price: $65 to $85.

Lance Burton, Master Magician One of the most popular magic shows in town. Monte Carlo § (702) 7307160; (877) 386-8224. Two shows nightly at 7pm and 10pm, Tue–Sat. Price: $60 to $66.

Mystère Cirque du Soleil’s impressive contemporary circus performed in its own built-to-order theater. TI § (702) 894-7722; (800) 392-1999. Two shows nightly at 7pm and 9:30pm, Sat & Mon–Wed; two shows at 4:30pm and 7pm Sun. Price: $60 to $95.

“O” Enchanting Cirque du Soleil show involving water acrobatics. Bellagio § (702) 693-7722; (888) 488-7111. Two shows nightly at 7:30pm and 10:30pm, Wed–Sun. Price: $99 to $150.

Ticketmaster § (702) 474-4000. ∑ www.ticketmaster.com

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IN

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for as long as possible. Free as an all-round adult drinks are available for gamamusement park, Las blers, but it is not a good idea to Vegas remains famous for its gamble without a clear head. casinos. More than 30 million Before you start, decide on an visitors come to the city every amount that you can afford to year and, on average, each ose and be sure to stick to it. spends $80 gambling every day. For a first timer, the casino can Blackjack Don’t come expecting to make seem daunting, but, with a basic cards your fortune; with a combined understanding of the rules, most annual income of $7 billion, the casinos of the games are relatively simple to appear to have the advantage. play (see p130 –31). Some hotels have The secret pleasure of gambling is the gaming guides on their in-house TV lure of the unknown – you never know channels and Las Vegas’ V visitor center what the next card will be. Casinos supplies printed guides. Several large know this and aim to keep you playing casinos give free lessons at the tables.

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Row upon row of “slots” on the gaming floor of New York New York Casino (see p107)

G ENERAL I NFORMATION ID if you are young-looking and tend to be carded in bars, because it is illegal to gamble under the age of 21. Children are not welcome on the casino floor, which can make it difficult for families with children in some hotels (see pp230 –45). Be aware that if you are winning it is casino etiquette to tip the dealers. It can also be to your advantage to tip when you first sit down at a table, as it is always a good idea to get the dealer on your side. Dealers can prevent inexperienced gamblers from making silly mistakes and will

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usually explain the finer points of the games, if asked. Head for the tables where players are talking and laughing. The chances are that a row of glum faces means that you may be in for an equally dull gambling experience.

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every kind dominate Las Vegas casinos. The simple one-armed bandit, where pulling a handle spun the reels and a win resulted from a row of cherries or some other icon, has been largely superceded by computerized push-button machines offering a bewildering variety of plays. LOTS OF

There are basically two kinds of slots; flat-top machines and progressive machines. A flattop machine has a range of fixed payouts depending on different arrangements of winning symbols. There will usually be a choice of stakes, from one to three coins, and if you hit a winning display you will win less for a one-coin stake than if you play the limit. On progressive slots, you give up smaller jackpots in exchange for A Mirage winning a coinbucket

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progressive jackpot. The payout on these machines increases as you play, and the rising jackpot figure is displayed above each machine. The biggest payout is currently from the Megabucks slots, which operate all across Nevada. A cocktail waitress at the Desert Inn won almost $35 million on a machine there in January 2000, the Casino loyalty card highest payout ever. The majority of machines take quarters, dollars, and $5, but there are a few nickel machines left in the downtown casinos. There are also high-roller slots, which take anything from $10 to $500 for a single play.

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with them; which range from cash back to discounts on hotel rooms. Members are issued with an electronic-strip plastic loyalty card that inserts into the machine; the more money a gambler spends, the greater the rewards.

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is an essential part of “basic strategy” blackjack. The assumption behind basic strategy is that the dealer’s second card will be a ten and that the next card in the shoe will also be a ten. This is because there are more tens in the deck than any other card (there are 96 tens in six decks).

is one of the Tips most popular games on the • In basic strategy if the dealfloor; casino blackjack tables er’s top card is a “bad” card offer minimum bet games from (from two to six), then the $2 to $500. The aim is to get as player should stand from 12 close to 21 without going over, up and not risk taking another and to beat the dealer. Cards card. This is because the dealer are worth their numerical has to get to 17, so it is most value, with all the face cards likely that he will go over 21 when he hits his hand. worth 10 and an ace worth 1 • If the player has between or 11. Generally the 12 and 16 and the dealer’s first dealer will deal from card is seven or higher, the a “shoe” (a box conplayer should gamble on taining up to six decks of cards). Each drawing an extra card, as the probability is that the dealer’s player receives two Tips • Usually located other card is a ten, which cards face up, while together, progressive beats a hand of under 17. the dealer’s second • If your first two cards add machines pay out at card is face down. up to 10 or 11, then you can a certain limit. It is a Players must not good idea to ask an “double down,” or bet the touch the cards and attendant what this should use hand sig- same amount again. If you limit usually is, and nals to indicate if they have a $5 chip on the table then you add another, hoping when it was last hit. wish to take another If the jackpot hits at to get a ten card thereby card, or “hit” (scratch around $10,000 and reaching a winning total of the table with their 20 or 21 and doubling your the machines are forefinger to receive winnings. Be aware that you displaying $9,000, another card) or not this could be a good are only allowed one extra take a card, “stand” time to start playing. card if you double down. (wave a flat hand Traditional slot machine • Always play the • Another betting option is over their cards.) machine limit because Once each player has to split your hand. If you are if you win, you will be sure to decided to stand or hit the 21 dealt two cards of the same receive the maximum amount. limit, the dealer turns over his value, you can choose to sep• Wins on both types of arate them into two hands, second card and plays his placing a second bet by the machine allow you to receive hand, hitting 16 or less and coins back or else they rack first on the table. Do this when standing with 17 or more. up credits, which you can use This is important because it you have aces and eights. for subsequent bets. Monitoring your display of credits will help keep track of how much you are spending. If your original stake was 10 quarters and you win 30, using credits allows you to decide to walk away when the credit display is down to 20, leaving you 10 quarters up on the game. • Choose to play at the busier banks of machines where players have buckets full of quarters. Rows of unoccupied machines may mean they are not paying out well. • Join a slot club. Most casinos have clubs that offer a range of incentives to get you to play A winning hand on a blackjack table at Circus Circus (see p117)

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Craps rolled, this becomes the FTEN THE MOST fun game “point” number, and the on the floor, a sense shooter must roll this of camaraderie develops number again before in craps because players olling a 7 to win. are betting either with or Craps etiquette says against the “shooter” (whothat you put your money ever has the dice) on what Craps dice on the table rather than the next number rolled will be. The aim of the shooter’s first roll, handing it to the dealer; wooden holdor “coming out,” is to make 7 or 11 in ers around the table will keep your any combination (say 3/4, 5/6) to win. chips. Always roll with one hand; the A roll of 2, 3, or 12 is craps; everyone dice must hit the end of the table. All loses and the shooter rolls the dice betting and laying down of chips must again. If a total of 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is be completed before the next roll.

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Craps table seen from above, showing the various boxes and areas for the many bets

B ETS Craps can seem confusing as there appears to be a lot going on at any one time; this is largely due to the wide variety of bets it is possible to lay. If you are a beginner the following bets are the best ones to lay.

Laying bets during a craps game at Caesars Palace

The Pass Line Bet With this one you are basically betting that the shooter will roll a 7/11 on the first roll in order for you to win. The odds at this point are even, so if you do win you get the same amount you laid down. If a point number is rolled, the shooter has to throw the same

number before he rolls another 7. Since there are more ways to roll a 7 than any point number, it pays to take the odds once the shooter has a point, which means placing an additional bet behind your pass line bet. This will pay you the true house odds if the shooter rolls his point. The odds change according to the number, so check with the dealer first. The Don’t Pass Bet This is the opposite of a pass line bet. The aim here is for the shooter to lose by throwing a 2 or 3 on the first roll, or by rolling a losing 7, which happens before he makes his point number.

The Come Bet This is an optional bet you can make during the game, when your money comes to the next number that rolls. For example; if the point is 6 you make a come bet, and the shooter rolls an 8. Your come bet “comes” to the 8, and now you have two numbers in play. You can also take odds on a come bet. The Place Bet Another way of getting additional numbers is by making a place bet. In this case, you simply pick the number you want and make a place bet on that number. The advantage of place bets is that you pick the number yourself and you can remove your bet at any time. The disadvantage is that the casino charges you from 50 cents to $1 for each $5 bet you place.

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P OKER several different versions of poker, including video poker, played in Las Vegas casinos. It is important to know the hierarchy of poker hands to play any of these: starting with a pair as the lowest hand, and a royal flush as the highest.

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C ARIBBEAN S TUD P OKER five-card stud poker played on a table with a layout like a blackjack table, where the aim is to beat the dealer. There is a progressive jackpot where winnings increase according to a player’s hand. Players win all or part of a progressive jackpot with a Royal Flush, Straight Flush, Four of a Kind, Full House, or Flush.

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A croupier setting up roulette in a private gaming room

on the table. The aim is to guess the number that will come up on the spin of the wheel. Bets are placed on the table, which has a grid marked out with the numbers and a choice of betting options. The highest payout odds are 35 to 1 for a straight bet PAI G OW P OKER on one number such as 10 black. You can OMBINING THE ancient also make a “split bet” Chinese game of Pai on two numbers, Gow with American powhich pays 17 to 1 if Casino ker, this game includes a either number comes poker chips joker in the standard 52up. The most popular card pack. The joker is bets are the outside used as an ace or to complete bets, which are those placed a straight or flush. Each player in the boxes outside the numhas to make the best two-card bered grid. These only pay and five-card hand possible to even money, but allow you to beat the banker’s two hands. cover more numbers such as Odd or Even, Red or Black, T EXAS HOLD ’ EM First 18 Numbers or Second 18 Numbers. You can also HIS IS THE most popular make a Column Bet covering form of poker played in 12 numbers, which pays 2 to 1. the poker rooms of Las Vegas casinos. It is also the game of B ACCARAT the famous World Series VARIATION OF chemin de of Poker held each year at fer, baccarat is played at Binion’s Horseshoe (see p118). Players are dealt two cards and a leisurely pace with eight they must make their best hand decks of cards, the deal rotating from player to player. The from five communal cards dealt face up on the table.

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R OULETTE quite a simple game but with a great variety of bets. A ball is spun on a wheel containing numbers 1 to 36 divided equally between red and black, plus a single and a double zero, colored green. Each player’s chips are a different color so they can be easily identified

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Two cards in each hand of baccarat

object of the game is to guess which hand will be closest to 9: the player’s or the banker’s. You can bet on either hand.

K ENO easiest games to play, keno is a close relative of bingo. Out of the 80 numbers on a keno ticket, players may choose up to 20. A range of bets is possible and winning depends on your chosen numbers coming up. The prize depends on the amount of numbers matched.

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A screen showing a keno game in progress at Circus Circus

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screens adorn these areas of the casino, where you can bet on almost any sport. The race book is for betting on thoroughbred horse racing and features live coverage from racetracks across the US. The sports book covers the main sporting events taking place around the country, as well as the major tournaments staged in Las Vegas itself. Watch the progress of your team on the nearby TVs.

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Southern Utah an abundance of stunning natural landscapes, and boasts the highest concentration of national parks in the US. The region, which lies to the north of Grand Canyon and the blue waters of Lake Powell, owes much of its dramatic beauty to the geological wonder of the Grand Staircase, a series of steep terraces of colored rock. Weather and river erosion have sculpted this feature into the fine scenery found at Bryce, Arches, Capitol Reef, Zion, and Canyonlands National Parks. Hiking, boating, and mountainbiking are popular here, with equipment rentals available in such towns as Moab and St. George.

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View of the peaks of Zion National Park in spring seen from the nearby visitor center

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G ETTING A ROUND The best way to explore Southern Utah is by car: every road is a scenic route, and public transportation is limited. One train passes through the region, an Amtrak Superliner, which stops at Thompson, 35 miles (58 km) north of Moab. Greyhound buses travel to some of the region’s larger towns. Two Interstate Highways, I-15 and I-70, pass close to Zion and Arches National Parks respectively. Smaller paved highways include Highway 191 via Moab, and the scenic Highway 12, which skirts Grand StaircaseEscalante National Monument. A high-clearance 4WD vehicle is advisable for many of the unpaved roads.

SOUTHERN UTAH

S EE A LSO • Where to Stay pp230–45 • Where to Eat pp246–63

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The terrace of the Grand Staircase rising out of Lake Powell in the Glen Canyon NRA

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The Mormons of Latter Day Saints was founded by Joseph Smith (1805– 44), a farm worker from New York State. In 1820 Smith claimed to have had visions of the Angel Moroni. The angel led him to a set of golden tablets, which he translated and later published as the Book of Mormon, leading to the founding of the Mormon church. This new faith grew rapidly but attracted hostility because of its political and economic beliefs, and because it practised polygamy. Seeking refuge, the Mormons moved to Illinois in 1839, where Smith was killed by an angry mob. Leadership passed to Brigham Young (1801–1877), who led church members westward. Salt Lake City was founded and Young led his followers to establish farms across Utah’s wilderness. Today, 70 percent of Utah’s citizens are Mormons.

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19th-century depiction of Joseph Smith’s vision. The Angel Moroni is seen delivering the tablets which became the Mormon scriptures.

On the great trek westward, pilgrims rode or walked for a year, leaving Illinois in 1846 and arriving in Utah in July, 1847.

Mormon pioneers were intrepid and successful; after they had established themselves in the Salt Lake valley, church members fanned out across the west, establishing agricultural colonies in their wake. One of these colonies was in Las Vegas (see p119), where 30 Mormons, sent here by Brigham Young, built a mission and a small fort.

T HE G REAT M ORMON T REK W EST

Brigham Young and his wives, s nine of whom are seen here, illustrated Mormonism’s most controversial practice, polygamy. It was outlawed in 1890 to appease the US Government and pave the way for Statehood in 1896.

In 1847, Brigham Young led a band of Mormons west in the hope of escaping persecution and founding a safe haven in the Salt Lake valley. Young wished to find “a place on Earth that nobody wants.” It was an extraordinary enterprise in which the pioneers traveled across bleak prairies and over mountains in primitive wagons, braving the fierce winter and summer weather. Those who could not afford oxen hauled all their possessions in hand carts.

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Salt Lake City was painstakingly laid out in a grid system over the unpromising, and previously unsettled, landscape of Utah’s Salt Lake Basin. The grid ensured wide streets, decent-sized houses, and enough land so that each family could be self-sufficient. By 1900, many farms and more than 300 towns had been founded across the West and Southwest.

B RIGHAM Y OUNG Born in Vermont in 1801 of a Protestant family, Brigham Young, carpenter, painter, and glazier, joined the Mormons in Ohio in 1832. He took charge of the great migration west from Illinois in 1846, arriving in Salt Brigham Young Lake City in 1847. In in middle-age 1849 he established the territory of Deseret, which encompassed present-day Utah. “Deseret” means “Honeybee” in the Book of Mormon and symbolizes industry. Young’s vision and organizational skills helped the settlers turn the desert into fruitful farmland. During his long life, he had several disputes with the federal government, whose authority he both resisted and recognized. Despite being removed from political office in 1857, Young was head of the Mormon church until his death in 1877.

Mormon missionaries preach their faith throughout the world, placing great emphasis on their social and philosophical concerns. The church enjoys a high rate of conversion, and church membership continues to grow rapidly.

The St. George Mormon Temple was constructed under the aegis of Brigham Young. For the eleven million Mormons worldwide, it is a potent symbol of a faith based on work, sobriety, and cooperation, with the emphasis on humanitarian service.

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S O U T H E R N U TA H in southern Utah, it is hard to find a road that does not dazzle the visitor with unforgettable scenery. Winding highways lead through stunning red rock canyons, stark deserts of wind-polished rock, and cool, mountain realms of tall pines and sparkling streams. The five national parks in this region are favorite destinations, such that each is inundated with up to three million visitors a year. Despite this, even in summer there are quiet, undiscovered corners to be found across the region. The Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument offers visitors a chance to experience this living wilderness by driving such unpaved scenic routes as the Burr Trail

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The first people to live here were Paleo-Indians 12,000 years ago. Later, the Ancestral Puebloan people thrived in southeastern Utah, building cliff dwellings along the San Juan River. The Mormons arrived here in 1847, successfully establishing settlements in this harsh land. Today, most people come to the area to enjoy the outdoors. Hiking, mountain biking, and 4-wheel driving are all popular activities, as well as riverfloat trips and whitewater adventures. St. George and Cedar City are the biggest towns in southern Utah. A number of smaller communities, however, such as Springdale and Bluff, offer upscale stores and restaurants. Moab meanwhile offers outdoor activities by day, and entertainment by night.

S IGHTS AT A National and State Parks, and National Monuments Arches National Park 1 Bryce Canyon National Park e Canyonlands National Park 3 Capitol Reef National Park 7 Dead Horse State Park 4 Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument w Goblin Valley State Park 6 Zion National Park t

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Arches National Park 1 contains the highest number of natural stone arches found anywhere in the world. More than 80 of these natural wonders have formed Wild flowers over millions of years. The park in the park “floats” on a salt bed, which once liquefied under the pressure exerted by the rock above it. About 300 million years ago, this salt layer bulged upward, cracking the sandstone above. Over time the cracks eroded, leaving long “fins” of rock. As these fins eroded, the hard overhead rock formed arches, which range today from the solid looking Turret Arch to the graceful Delicate and Landscape arches.

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Devil’s Garden This area contains several of the park’s finest arches, including Landscape Arch, a slender curve of sandstone more than 300 ft (91 m) long, thought to be the longest natural arch in the world.

Sunset watch at Delicate Arch A natural amphitheater surrounds the arch, creating seating from which vistas of the La Sal Mountains are framed.

T HE W INDOWS S ECTION In the park’s Windows Section, a one-mile loop trail leads to Turret Arch, then the North and South Windows arches, situated side by side. With excellent viewing spots available, many visitors photograph North and South arches framed by the sandstone Turner Arch, as seen here. E XPLORING THE PARK The park’s highlights can be seen from the many viewpoints dotted along the scenic drive. The drive starts at the visitor center at the park’s south end, just off Hwy 191. Several easy trails start from parking lots at the road’s viewpoints. The loop at Balanced Rock is a short and easy trail suitable for children, while Delicate Arch Viewpoint Trail has disabled access. The Windows loop is suitable for families.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map 2C. n Arches Visitor Center (435) 259-8161. # Mar 9–Oct 11: 7:30am–6:30pm; Oct 12–Nov 1: 7:30am–5:30pm; Nov 2–Mar 8: 8am– 4:30pm daily. & 7 campground, Park Ave Viewpoint, Delicate Arch Viewpoint Trail, and Balanced Rock Trail. 8 = M ∑ www.nps.gov/arch

Delicate Arch The most celebrated of all the arches here, and a state symbol, Delicate Arch appears on many Utah license plates. It is reached by a moderate 45minute walk over sandstone.

Arches are formed through a process that takes millions of years; today’s arches continue to erode and will eventually collapse.

Western-style, timber-clad gift store on Main Street, Moab

Moab 2 Road Map 2C. * 6500. n Main and Center Sts. (435) 259-8825. # 8am–8pm daily spring & summer, 9am–5pm daily fall & winter. ∑ www.discovermoab.com

ups and downs, Moab is once again booming. In 1952 a local prospector discovered the first of several major uranium deposits outside town. Overnight, Moab became one of the wealthiest communities in America. When the uranium market declined in the 1970s, the town was saved by tourism and its proximity to Arches and Canyonlands national parks. Today, Moab is one of the top destinations for lovers of the outdoors. Mountain bikers come here to experience the famous Slick Rock Trail. They also come for the challenging ride from Moab Rim, reached by Moab Skyway, a scenic tram ride offering panoramic views of the area. There is also a vast choice of hiking and 4WD routes taking in some of this region’s fabulous landscapes. Moab is also a center for whitewater rafting on the Colorado River. Matheson Wetlands Preserve off Kane Creek Boulevard has 2 miles (3 km) of hiking trails along a riverside wetland that is home to birds and wildlife. The town is lively and has good facilities.

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Balanced Rock This precariously balanced boulder atop a sandstone spire is one of the park’s landmarks. Good views are available from the trail as well as the scenic road route.

Park Avenue and the Courthouse Towers The large, rock monoliths known as Courthouse Towers bear an uncanny resemblance to city skyscrapers. They can be seen from Park Avenue, an easy, short trail.

O Matheson Wetlands Preserve Off Kane Creek Blvd. § (435) 2594629. # dawn–dusk daily. &

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ago, the Colorado and Green Rivers cut winding paths deep into rock, creating a labyrinth of rocky canyons that form the heart of this stunning wilderness. At its center, the rivers’ confluence divides the park’s 527 sq miles (1,365 sq km) into three districts: the Needles, the Maze, and the grassy plateau of the Island in the Sky. Established as a national park in 1964, Canyonlands is growing in popularity. Most wilderness travel, whether on foot or by vehicle, requires a permit.

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Mesa Arch An easy and rewarding 500-yard (0.5-km) trail leads to Mesa Arch, a long, low curve of stone that perfectly frames the snow capped La S lM t i i th

V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map C2. n Canyonlands National Park, 2282 South West Resource Blvd., Moab (435) 7192313. ∑ www.nps.gov/cany # Visitor center: 8am – 4:30pm (longer during Spring and Fall) daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. & 7 8 = M

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The deep crevices of the canyons in the wide valley around Green River

Dead Horse Point State Park 4 Road map C1. n State Route 313 (435) 259 -2614. # 6am–10pm daily. Visitor center # Apr–Oct: 8am–6pm daily; Nov–Mar: 8am–5pm daily. & 7 ∑ www.stateparks.utah.gov HE HIGH MESA of Dead Horse Point lies just outside the entry to the Island in the Sky of Canyonlands National Park. Unforgettable views of the Colorado River and the maze of deep canyons are a highpoint here. Legend has it that this park owes its name to the fact that it was once used as a natural corral for wild mustangs. A group of horses not chosen for taming were once left in this dry site,

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View of the dramatic cliffs of Dead Horse Point State Park

eventually dying of thirst within sight of the Colorado River far below. The Park also features several short hiking trails that follow the cliff edge, offering variations on the truly amazing view. The drama of this place has not been lost on Hollywood (see pp30 –31). Famous as the spot where Thelma and Louise drove off the edge in the 1991 film of the same name, more recently these cliffs were scaled by Tom 2. Cruise in Mission Impossible: 2

E John Wesley Powell River History Museum 885 E. Main St. § (435) 564-3427. # Apr – Oct: 8am–8pm daily; Nov – Mar: 8am–5pm daily. ¢ public hols. & 8

Green River 5 Road map C1. * 1,000. n 885 E. Main St (435) 564-3526. # Apr–Oct: 8am–8pm; Nov–Mar: 8am–5pm daily.

broad, bowlshaped valley, the town grew around a ford of the wild Green River in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Primarily a service town, it is also a launching spot for those braving the whitewater of the Green and Colorado Rivers. John Wesley Powell (see pp42 –3) began his intrepid exploration of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon from here in 1871. Green River has the John Wesley Powell River History Museum, with 20,000 sq ft (1,860 sq m) of displays tracing the history of the area’s exploration.

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Eroded rock formations of Goblin Valley State Park

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Goblin Valley State Park 6 Road map C1. § (435) 564-3633. # 6am–10pm daily. & M ∑ www.stateparks.utah.gov

of Goblin Valley State Park are a group of mushroom-shaped rocks or hoodoos, intricately carved by erosion. Visitors are free to wander among these rocks, which are up to 10 ft (3 m) in height. Two paved, and several unpaved, trails lead down to the valley floor.

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Bathed in the setting sun, the Rainbow Bridge over Lake Powell on a spring evening

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of the 20th century, prospectors coming across the desert were forced to stop at the Waterpocket Fold, a vast 100-mile- (160-km-) long wall of rock that runs north–south through the desert. They likened it to an ocean reef and thought its round white domes looked like the nation’s Capitol Building, hence the park’s name. Covering 378 square miles (980 sq km), many people pass through the park via Fremont Canyon on Hwy 24. The park is famous for its long record of human habitation; Ancestral Puebloan petroglyphs and a preserved Mormon homestead can still be seen here.

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Road map 2C. 10 miles E. of Torrey, Hwy 24. n Capitol Reef Visitor Center (435) 425-3791. ∑ www.nps.gov/care # Jun–Sep: 8am – 6pm; Oct–May: 8–4:30pm daily. ¢ Dec 25. & 7 8 M

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Boulder 8 Road map 2C. n 755 W. Main St. Escalante (435) 335-7382. # Mar– Nov: 7am – 6pm daily. HE TINY TOWN of Boulder nestles picturesquely among the surrounding peaks. The town is home to the Anasazi State Park, which offers restored ruins and a museum detailing the history of the Ancestral Puebloans that lived here between AD 1050 and 1200. Before Hwy 12 was built, Boulder was virtually isolated as the last town in America to receive its mail by pack mule. Today, Boulder makes a welcome rest stop along Hwy 12, which connects Hwy 89 and Capitol Reef National Park. This road boasts what may be the most spectacular and diverse array of landscapes found along any road in the country. Between Escalante and Boulder, Hwy 12 winds through an unforgettable landscape of vividly colored, towering rock formations and twisting canyons. Visitors can stop at Calf Creek Campground to hike the short trail along Calf Creek Canyon ridge to Lower Calf Creek Falls. The falls are one of the hidden treasures of the Southwest, a 126-ft (38-m) plume that drops past lush hanging gardens into an emerald green pool. Continuing along Hwy 12, just before Boulder, the road offers white-knuckle excitement as it traverses the Hogsback, a knife-edge ridge of rock with guardrails and

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steep drops on either side, and Hell’s Backbone Bridge. Beyond Boulder, Hwy 12 climbs to the 9,400-ft (2,820-m) summit of Boulder Mountain.

Burr Trail 9 Road map 2C. n 755 W. Main St. Escalante (435) 826-5499.

is another partly-paved scenic road, winding through the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument. The first 40 miles (64 km) are paved and follow Deer Creek, rising through the winding red-rock maze of Long Canyon. At the canyon end, the view opens out to reveal the pristine valleys of the Circle Cliffs and Capitol Reef. The trail crosses Capitol Reef as an unpaved road before reaching Bullfrog Marina at Lake Powell (see pp150 –51.) and is passable only by four-wheel drive, high-clearance vehicles.

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Hole-in-the-Rock Road 0 Road map 2C. n 755 W. Main St. Escalante (435) 826-5499.

1879 A DETERMINED group of 230 Mormon settlers headed out from Panguitch, hoping to create a new settlement in southeastern Utah. Instead they were brought to a halt by the yawning 2,000-ft- (600-m-) deep abyss of Glen Canyon. Undeterred, they dynamited a

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View of Lake Powell from the end of Hole-in-the-Rock Road

narrow hole through a wall of rock and constructed a primitive road down the sheer sides of the canyon. Lowering their wagons and cattle down the path by ropes they finally reached the bottom, only to repeat the whole process in reverse to ascend the far side. They finally founded the town of Bluff in 1880 (see p172). Today, their original route, Hole-in-the-Rock Road, offers an impressive trip through the wild interior of the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument. About 18 miles (29 km) along the road, intrepid hikers can explore Peekaboo and Spooky canyons, two slot canyons barely one foot (30 cm) wide in places. 4WD is necessary to traverse the last 6 miles (10 km) to the pioneers’ “Hole in the Rock,” a 50-ft (15-m) slit in the rock which offers a fine view of Lake Powell.

Hell’s Backbone Bridge outside the town of Boulder, with steep mountain drops on either side

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The spectacular beauty of the monument is best explored on scenic drives combined with daylong hikes. Several paved and dirt roads offer access to various parts of the park. Highway 89 follows the southern boundary, in places hugging the Stage of the Globe Theatre in Cedar City base of the towering r Vermilion cliffs. Just ten miles (16 km) east of the town, a road leads north into Johnson Road map B2. * 15,750. ~ c n 581 N. Main St. (435) 586-5124. Canyon, where there is a ∑ www.scenicsouthernutah.com mock Western town that has been used for many movies OUNDED IN 1851 by and TV shows (see p30). Mormons, this town Information on guided and independent tours in this vast developed as a center for mining and smelting iron in region can be found at the the latter part of the 19th Escalante visitor center. century. Today, it offers A few miles east of Bryce hotels and restaurants within Canyon and 9 miles (14 km) an hour’s drive south of Hwy 12 of the lovely Zion stands KodaNational Park chrome Basin (see pp154 –5). State Park, a In town, the Iron distinctive landMission State Park scape noted for and Museum pays 67 free-standing tribute to the early sand pipes, or Vintage wagon outside Cedar City Museum Mormons’ indomirock chimneys, table pioneering formed millions spirit and features an extensive of years ago as geyser vents. collection of more than 300 Y Kodachrome Basin wagons and early vehicles, State Park including an original Wells ± (435) 679-8562; (800) 322-3770. Fargo overland stagecoach. # dawn–dusk daily. & 8 M Cedar City’s Shakespeare Festival, which runs annually from June to October, is staged in a replica of London’s e neo-Elizabethan Globe Theatre and attracts large See pp152 –3. audiences from the area.

See pp150 –51.

Grand Staircase– Escalante National Monument w Road map C2. n 755 W. Main St., Escalante (435) 826-5499. # May– Oct: 7:30am – 5:30pm daily; Dec–Apr: 8am–4:30pm Mon –Fri. ∑ www.ut. blm.gov/monument

President Clinton in 1996, this national monument encompasses 1.9 million acres (769,000 ha) of pristine rock canyons, mountains, and high desert plateaus. One of the last areas in the US to be explored, the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument abuts Capitol Reef National Park, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, and Bryce Canyon National Park. It was named for the four cliff faces, called Vermilion, Grey, White, and Pink, that rise in tiered steps across the Colorado Plateau (see pp18 –19). Geologically speaking, they are a recent phenomenon, having been raised just 12 million years ago. This vast area has a special importance, as the Bureau of Land Management intends to preserve its wild and largely pristine state. No new roads, facilities, or campgrounds will be built in the monument, while those roads that already exist will not be improved.

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Petrified ancient sand pipes rising out of the desert in the Kodachrome Basin State Park

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St. George u Road map B2. * 45,000. ~ c n 97 E. St. George Blvd. (435) 6281658. Visitor center # 9am –5pm Mon – Fri; 9am –1pm Sat.

1861 by Mormons (see pp136 –7), St. George has recently experienced a population boom as retirees from all over the US discover its mild climate and tranquil atmosphere. The towering gold spire that can be seen over the city belongs to Utah’s first Mormon Temple, finished in 1877. A beloved project of Mormon leader and visionary Brigham Young (1801–77), it remains a key site. Only Mormons are allowed inside the temple, but the Visitor Center, which relates its history, is open to all. St. George’s association with Brigham Young began when he decided to build a winter home here in 1871. The elegant and spacious Brigham Young Winter Home Historic Site is now a museum and has preserved much of its first owner’s original furnishings. Five miles (8 km) northwest of town on Hwy 18 lies Snow Canyon State Park. The park features hiking trails that lead to volcanic caves and millionyear-old-lava flows. A paved bike path leads through the park and back to St. George.

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An ATV (all-terrain vehicle) rider at the Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park

Around 15 miles (24 km) east of the town, along Hwy 14, Cedar Breaks National Monument features a small but spectacular array of vibrant pink and orange limestone cliffs, topped by deep green forest. Carved by erosion, sculpted columns rise in ranks of color, resembling a smaller, lessvisited version of Bryce Canyon (see pp152 –3). In winter the monument closes, but the area remains a popular destination for crosscountry skiing enthusiasts. } Cedar Breaks National Monument § (435) 586-9451. # daily. Visitor center # Jun– Labor Day: 8am – 6pm daily; Labor Day–mid-Oct: 9am–5:30pm daily. & ∑ www.nps.gov/cebr

Zion National Park t See pp154 –5.

Kanab y Road map B2. * 3,900. n 78 South 100 E. (435) 644-5033. # May– Oct: 9am–5pm Mon–Sat, 10am–3pm Sun;. Nov–Apr: 9am–5pm Mon–Fri, 9am–3pm Sat, 10am–1pm Sun. ∑ www.kaneutah.com

was named originally for Fort Kanab, built in 1864 but abandoned two years later because of frequent Indian attacks. Today’s Kanab was established in 1874 by Mormon settlers. The town’s

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main occupation these days is offering reasonably priced food and accommodations to vacationers traveling between Grand Canyon, Zion, and Bryce Canyon National Parks. Often referred to as the “gateway to Lake Powell,” Kanab is also known as Utah’s “Little Hollywood”, a reference to the 200 or so movies and TV shows that have been filmed in and around the town over the past 40 years (see pp30 –31). Details of film sets open to the public may be obtained from the Visitor Center. E NVIRONS : About 10 miles (16 km) west of Kanab and a few miles from the small town of Mount Carmel Junction, the Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park is a sea of evershifting pink dunes that cover more than 3,000 acres (1,200 ha). This distinctive, harsh desert landscape was created when wind eroded the rich red sandstone cliffs surrounding the site, slowly depositing sand in the valley below. Interpretive signs relate the story of the dunes’ geological formation. A path leads out into the dunes where you can enjoy the thrill of sliding down their faces. The park is a popular destination for riders of ATVs (all-terrain vehicles) and dune buggies.

E Brigham Young Winter Home Historic Site 89 West St. N. § (435) 673-2517. # Jun–Sep: 9am–8pm daily; Sep–May: 9am–5pm daily. &

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Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park § (435) 648-2800. # 7am–10pm daily. & 7 ∑ www.stateparks. utah.gov

Façade of Brigham Young’s winter home in St. George

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Lake Powell and National Recreat National R established in 1972 and c lion acres of dramatic desert a the 185-mile- (298-km-) long created by damming the Colo area is “Y”-shaped, following almost to the town of Mexica east toward Canyonlands Nat Today, the lake is busy with although a prolonged drough level recently so you should information. Glen Canyon is ular hiking, biking, and 4WD

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Antelope Canyon Bands of sandstone curve sinuously together, sometimes just a few feet apart, in this famously deep “slot” canyon.

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settlement in the 19th century. Today, this outpost offers tourist facilities, including a ranger station and campground.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map C2. 2m (3 km) N. of Page on Hwy 98, off Hwy 160. n Carl Hayden Visitor Center, Page (928) 608-6404. ∑ www. nps.gov/glca ∑ www.lakepowell. com ~ to Page, Bullfrog Marina. # 8am – 5pm daily. 7 visitor center only. 8 - 0 = M Page and Wahweap only.

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Boating on Lake Powell mmer weekends, the lake is a e as powerboats, waterskiers, oat parties, jetskis, and cataexplore its myriad sandstone ons. The Colorado river float vailable below Glen Canyon am, are a special attraction. Halls Crossing has a marina and is the starting point for the regular ferry ervice to Bullfrog Bay.

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The completion of Glen Canyon dam in 1963 flooded the area described by explorer John Wesley Powell (see p25) as “a curious ensemble of wonderful features.” Controversial from the start, the project spurred the environmentalist Sierra Club to campaign against the original plans. Today, they continue to argue for the restoration of Glen Canyon, believing that ancient ecosystems are being ruined. Pro-dam advocates point out the value of the dam’s ability to store water, generate power, and provide recreation.

Lake Powell behind vast Glen Canyon Dam

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Bryce Canyon National Park deep amphitheaters filled with flam colored rock formations called hoodoos ar hallmark of Bryce Canyon National Park. Bryce high in altitude, reaching elevations of 8,000–9 (2,400–2,700 m), with a scenic road traveling fo miles (30 km) along the rim of Paunsaugunt Plat The highlights here are the views of vast fields of pink, orange, and red spires; the Paiute Indians, on hunters here, described them as “red rocks standin like men in a bowl-shaped recess.” The canyon’s maze of pillars and channels is best appreciated on foot.

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Natural Bridge This graceful natural bridge is located a few yards from the park’s scenic highway. It frames a picturesque view of the distant valley far below. Officially, it is a natural arch and not a bridge, as it was formed not by a river, but by the same natural forces (of wind, rain, and ice) that created the park’s hoodoos.

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Bryce Amphitheater This panoramic vista of snow-covered rock spires, is among the most popular views of m hee ppark. In both winer and summer the amphitheater is a best seen from be In Inspiration Point.

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lies at the heart of this beautiful national park and is arguably the most popular of all of Utah’s natural wonders. The canyon was carved by the powerful waters of the Virgin River and then widened, sculpted, and reshaped by wind, rain, and ice. The canyon walls rise up to 2,000 ft (600 m) on both sides, and are shaped into jagged peaks Wildand formations in shades of red and white. flowers The park shuttle is the only way into the canyon from April to November. Shuttles run every few minutes with numerous stops along the way. A number of short walks beginning at the stops follow marked trails to the tough 16-mile (26-km) hike through the canyon. The hike involves wading through the Virgin River.

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Horseback and Mule Tours Half- and full-day mule- and horseback tours follow several trails in the park. The Sand Bench Trail leads to a high plateau that offers fine vistas.

River Walk At the end of Zion Canyon Scenic Drive lies the park’s most popular trail. Involving no climbing, the 1.3-mile(2-km-) paved River Walk follows the Virgin River to where the canyon walls rise to over 2,000 ft (600 m). The gentle trail offers beautiful views of the river as it winds between the canyon’s red sandstone walls.

E XPLORING Z ION C ANYON A guided trail takes visitors along the 6-mile (10-km) scenic road that follows the Virgin River into the ever-narrowing operates along Zion Canyon sc drive and from Information Ce the town of Sp

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of cottonwood, oak, and willow trees that grow beneath the gradually sloping walls at the start of the canyon. The river bank is bordered with wild meadows that, in spring, sport a profusion of wild flowers. However, sudden summer rainstorms may cause floods and areas of the park near the river to be closed. Visitors are advised to check conditions first.

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Hiking Numerous guided walking and hiking tours of Zion’s geology and history leave daily from the new visitor center. Popular trails are Emerald Pools Trail and Canyon Overlook Trail, which leads to the Great Arch.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map 2B. Hwy 9, near Springdale. n Zion Canyon Visitor Center (435) 772-3256. ∑ www.nps.gov/zion # 8am –5pm daily. & 7 partial. 8 - = 0M

Sculpted monoliths of rock rise above the Virgin River as it flows along the canyon.

Weeping Rock An easy, self-guided trail leads to the rock and its hanging gardens, r which are full of wildflowers in spring. This spot owes its fertility to the spring and seep-water that flows from the rock.

Luxuriant foliage along the banks of the Virgin River provides shade for the area’s abundant wildlife, including birds, mule deer, and bobcats. The Virgin River seems gentle, but the force of its current is responsible for forming the canyon.

Zion–Mt. Carmel Highway One of the lovliest routes in the park, the Zion–Mt. Carmel highway leads upward in a set of hairpin switchbacks with splendid views back into the canyon and up to the pastel-colored sandstone of the surrounding peaks.

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THE FOUR CORNERS

I N T R O D U C I N G T H E F O U R C O R N E R S 1 5 8 –1 6 1 T H E F O U R C O R N E R S 162 –181

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Exploring The Four Corners is the only place in the United States where four states meet at a single point. Here, parts of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico make up an area of national monuments and parks, ancient ruins, and dramatic canyonlands, many set on Native American reservations. Worldfamous vistas include the buttes of Monument Valley, and Colorado’s San Juan Skyway, where both the highway and the Durango-Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad travel through picturesque old alpine towns.

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G ETTING A ROUND A private car is essential for getting around the Four Corners; a high-clearance 4WD vehicle is recommended for traveling many interesting, unpaved regional roads. Secondary (paved) highways are generally good, while unpaved roads are categorized as follows: Good roads are suitable for all passenger cars; high clearance roads are suitable for 2 or 4WD; 4WD roads should be tackled by only experienced drivers in high-clearance vehicles. Always check on road and weather conditions.

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The Ancestral Puebloans and elaborate ruins left behind by the Ancestral Puebloan people are a key factor in the hold that this prehistoric culture has over the public imagination. Also known as “Anasazi,” a name coined by the Navajo meaning “Ancient Enemy Ancestor,” today they are more accurately known as the Ancestral Puebloan people, and are seen as the ancestors of today’s Pueblo peoples. The first Ancestral Puebloans (see p38) are thought to have settled at Mesa Verde in around AD 550, where they lived in pithouses. By around AD 800 they had developed masonry skills and began building housing complexes using sandstone. From AD 1100 to 1300, impressive levels of craftsmanship were reached in weaving, pottery, jewelry, and tool-making.

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Kivas are round pitlike rooms dug into the ground and roofed with beams and earth.

Jackson Stairway in Chaco Canyon is evidence of the engineering skills of the Ancestral Puebloans. They also built networks of roads between their communities and extensive irrigation systems.

Tools of various types were skillfully shaped from stone, wood, and bone. The Ancestral Puebloans did not work metal, yet they managed to produce such beautiful artifacts as baskets, pottery, and jewelry.

Bone awl

The blue corn growing on this Hopi Reservation in Arizona today is a similar plant to that grown by Ancestral Puebloans. They were also skilled at utilizing the medicinal properties of plants, including cottonwood bark, which contains a painkiller.

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Ceramics, such as this bowl, show the artistry of the Ancestral Puebloans. Pottery is just one of many ancient artifacts on show in southwestern museums.

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W HERE TO FIND A NCESTRAL P UEBLOAN RUINS

The kiva was the religious and ceremonial center of Ancestral Puebloan life. Still used by modern Pueblo Indians today, a kiva usually had no windows and the only access was through a hole in the roof. Small kivas were used by a single family unit, while large kivas were designed to accommodate the whole community.

Canyon de Chelly National Monument (see p168); Chaco Culture National Historical Park (see p174); Mesa Verde National Park (see page 180); Navajo National Monument, (see p166); Hovenweep National Monument (see p172).

Petroglyphs were often used by Ancestral Puebloans as astronomical markers for the different seasons. This one was found at the Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona (see p73). Pueblo Bonito features many examples of the masonry skills used by the Puebloan peoples.

T HE P UEBLO P EOPLE

C HACO C ANYON ’ S P UEBLO B ONITO At Chaco Canyon (see pp174 –5) the largest “great house” ever built was Pueblo Bonito with more than 600 rooms and 40 kivas. One current theory is that these structures did not house populations but were, in fact, public buildings for commerce and ceremonial gatherings. The lives of the Ancestral Puebloans were short, barely 35 years, and as harsh as the environment in which they lived. Their diet was poor, and arthritis and dental problems were common. Women often showed signs of osteoporosis or brittle bones as early as their first childbirth.

By AD 1300 the Ancestral Puebloans had abandoned many of their cities and migrated to areas where new centers emerged. Theories on why this occurred include a 50-year drought; the strain that a larger population placed on the desert’s limited resources; and a lengthy period of social upheaval, perhaps stimulated by increasing trade with tribes as far away as central Mexico. Most archaeologists agree that the Ancestral Puebloans did not disappear but live on today in Puebloan descendants who trace their origins to Mesa Verde, Chaco, and other sacred ancestral sites.

Painstaking excavation at an Ancestral Puebloan kiva in Chaco Canyon

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THE FOUR CORNERS a Navajo reservation the size of Connecticut, and presenting sweeping panoramas of mesas, canyons, and vast expanses of high desert, the Four Corners is the perfect destination for those wanting to experience native culture and the real west. Although it receives less than 10 in (25 cm) of rainfall per year, this arid land has supported life since the first Paleo-Indians arrived about 12,000 years ago. The Anasazi, today known as the Ancestral Puebloan peoples, lived here from about AD 500 until the 13th century. They are responsible for

the many evocative ruins found here, including those at Mesa Verde, Chaco Canyon, and Hovenweep National Monument. Their descendants include the Hopi, whose pueblos are said to be the oldest continually occupied towns in North America. The Navajo arrived here in the 15th century and their spiritual center is Canyon de Chelly with its 1,000-ft (330-m) red rock walls. Monument Valley’s impressive landscape has been used as a backdrop for countless movies and TV shows. The region is also popular for hiking, fishing, and whitewater rafting.

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163, which crosses the border of Utah and Arizona, it is possible to see the famous towering sandstone buttes and mesas of Monument Valley. These ancient rocks, soaring upward from a seemingly boundless desert, have come to symbolize the American West, largely because Hollywood has used these breathtaking vistas as a backdrop for hundreds of movies, TV shows, and commercials since the 1930s (see p30). The area’s visitor center sits within the boundary of Monument Valley Tribal Park, but many of the valley’s spectacular rock formations and other sites are found just outside the park boundary.

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Three Sisters The Three Sisters are one of several distinctive pinnacle rock formations at Monument Valley. Others include the Totem Pole and the “fingers” of the Mittens. The closest view of the sisters can be seen from John Ford’s Point, and is one of the most photographed sights here.

Guided Tours A row of kiosks at the visitor center offer Navajo-guided 4WD tours of the valley. The marketing tactics can be aggressive, but the tours offer an excellent way to see places in the park that are otherwise inaccessible.

Art and Ruins Petroglyphs such as this deer can be seen on Navajoguided tours of rock art sites, which are dotted around the valley’s ancient ruins.

E XPLORING T HE VALLEY The awe-inspiring beauty of Monument Valley’s buttes and mesas can be viewed by travelers from Hwy 163. Visitors can also pay a fe to travel on a 17-mile (27 km) self-guided drive alo a well-marked dirt road. (Fees are collected at the visitor center.) Alternatively, Navajo guides may be hired for hiking, horseback, or 4WD tours to fascinating and lessvisited parts of the valley.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map C2. n PO Box 360289, Monument Valley. (435) 727-5870. # sunrise–sunset daily. ¢ Dec 25. & 7 visitor center only. 8=0M ∑ www.navajonationparks.org

John Ford’s Point The most popular stop along the valley drive is John Ford’s Point, which is said to be the film director’s favorite view of the valley. Various stands offer a range of Navajo handicrafts. A nearby native hogan (Navajo dwelling) serves as a gift shop where Navajo weavers demonstrate their craft.

M ONUMENT VALLEY Monument Valley is not really a valley. The tops of the mesas mark what was once a flat plain. Millions of years ago, this plain was cracked by upheavals within the earth. The cracks widened and eroded, until all that is left today are the formations rising from the desert floor. Gouldings Lodge The lodge offers accommodations, a restaurant, and guided bus tours of the valley. The original trading post is now a museum of the valley’s cinematic history.

Navajo Weaver Navajo women are usually considered to be the finest weavers in the Southwest. One rug can take months to complete and sell for thousands of dollars. Using the natural colors of the land, the weavers often add a “spirit line” to their work to prevent their spirit being “trapped” within the rug.

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Hopi Indian Reservation 4 Road map C3. * 10,000. n Highway 264, Second Mesa (928) 734-2401. # May –Sep: 6am – 9pm daily; Oct–Apr: 7am –8pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. RIZONA’S ONLY

Pueblo Indians (see p27), the Hopi, are believed to be direct descendants of the Ancestral Puebloan people, or Anasazi. The Hopi Reservation is surrounded by the lands of the Navajo. The landscape is harsh and barren, yet the Hopi have cultivated the land here for a thousand years. They worship, through the kachina, the living spirits of plants and animals, believed to arrive each year to stay with the tribe during the growing season (see p27). Most of the Hopi villages are located on or near one of three mesas (flattopped elevations), named First, Second, and Third Kachina Mesa. The artisans figure on each of the mesas specialize in particular crafts: on First Mesa these are carved figures (representing the kachina spirits) and painted pottery; on Second Mesa, silver jewelry and coiled baskets are made; and on Third Mesa, craftspeople fashion wicker baskets and woven rugs. Walpi, the ancient pueblo on First Mesa, was first inhabited in the 12th century. To reach Walpi, visitors drive up to the Mesa from the Pollaca settlement to the village of Sichomovi. Nearby, the Ponsi

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Ancestral Puebloan ruins of Keet Seel at Navajo National Monument

Navajo National Monument 2 Road map C3. § (928) 672-2700. # 8am –5pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. 8 M ∑ www.nps. gov/nava HILE NAMED because of its location on the Navajo Reservation, this monument is actually known for its Ancestral Puebloan ruins. The most accessible ruin here is the beautifully preserved, 135-room pueblo of Betatakin, which fills a vast, curved niche in the cliffs of Tsegi Canyon. An easy one-mile (1.6-km) trail from the visitor center leads to an overlook where Betatakin is clearly visible on the far side, near the canyon floor. This is a lovely hike through piñon pines and juniper trees. From late May to early September there are daily six-hour hiking tours to Betatakin, which allow a close look at the ruins of these ancient houses. A much more demanding 17-mile (27-km) round trip hike leads to Keet Seel, a more impressive ruin. Only a limited number of permits to

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visit the ruin are issued each day. This hike requires overnight camping at a camp site with only the most basic facilities. Keet Seel was a larger and more successful community than Betatakin. Construction began on Keet Seel in about 1250, but the site is thought to have been abandoned by 1300. These two sites are considered to mark the pinnacle of development of the area’s Ancestral Puebloan people.

Tuba City 3 Road map C3. * 17,300. n Tuba City Trading Post (928) 283-5441. AMED FOR TUUVI,

a Hopi Indian who converted to the Mormon faith, Tuba City is best known for the 65-millionyear-old dinosaur tracks found just off the main highway, 5 miles (8 km) southwest of the town. Beyond that, this is the largest community in the western section of the Navajo Reservation and is a good spot from which to explore both the Navajo National Monument and the Hopi Reservation.

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department has a long row of glass cases displaying an impressive array of silver and turquoise jewelry. Visitors can tour Hubbell’s restored home and view a significant collection of southwestern art. At the visitor center Navajo women demonstrate rug weaving. P Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site A range of merchandise in the general store at Hubbell Trading Post

Visitor Center is the departure point for the one-hour Walpi tours. Walpi was built to be easily defended, and straddles a dramatic knife edge of rock, extending from the tip of First Mesa. In places Walpi is less than 100 ft (33 m) wide with a drop of several hundred feet on both sides. The Walpi tour includes several stops where visitors can purchase kachina figurines and distinctive handcrafted pottery, or sample the Hopi piki bread. Those wishing to shop further can continue on to Second Mesa, where a range of galleries and stores offer an array of Hopi arts and crafts. The Hopi Cultural Center is home to a restaurant (see p259), the only hotel (see p241) for miles around, and a museum that has an excellent collection of photographs depicting scenes of Hopi life. On Third Mesa, Old Oraibi pueblo, thought to have been founded in the 12th century, is of note only because of claims that it is the oldest continually occupied human settlement in North America.

A2264, near Ganado. n (928) 7553254. # May–Sep: 8am–6pm Mon– Sat; Oct–Apr: 8am–5pm Mon–Sat. ¢ public & tribal hols. ∑ www.nps.gov/hutr

the 1870s by John Lorenzo Hubbell, this is the oldest continually operating trading post in the Navajo Nation. 6 Trading posts like this one were once the economic and Road map D3. * 4,500. c n social centers of the reservations. The Navajo traded sheep, Highway 264 (928) 871-6436. wool, blankets, turquoise, and INDOW ROCK is the capital other items in exchange for of the Navajo Nation. The tools, household goods, and town is named for the natural food. The trading posts were arch found in the sandstone also a resource during times cliffs located about a mile north of need. When a smallpox epidemic struck in 1886, John of the main strip on Hwy 12. The Navajo Nation Lorenzo helped care Museum located for the sick, using his here is one of the house as a hospital. largest Native AmeriToday, the trading can museums in the post still hums with US. Opened in 1997, traditional trading Navajo bracelet at activities. One room Hubbell Trading Post the huge hoganshaped building is a working general houses displays that cover store, the rafters hung with the history of the Ancestral frying pans and hardware, Puebloans and the Navajo. and shelves stacked with cloth, medicines, and food. E Navajo Nation Museum Another room is filled with Hwy 264 & Post Office Loop Rd. beautiful hand-woven rugs, (928) 871-7941. # 8am –5pm Mon; Hopi kachina dolls, and 8am – 8pm Tue – Fri; 9am –5pm Sat. Navajo baskets. Another

Window Rock

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Ganado & Hubbell Trading Post 5 Road map D3. * 4,500. n Hubbell Trading Post, Hwy 264 (928) 755-3475. SMALL, BUSTLING

town in the heart of the Navajo Reservation, Ganado’s major attraction is the Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site. Established in

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Canyon de Chelly National Monument North America can boast a longer or more eventful history of human habitation than Canyon de Chelly. Archaeologists have found evidence of four periods of Native culture, starting with the Basketmaker people around AD Flowering 300, followed by the Great Pueblo Builders, cactus who created the cliff dwellings in the 12th century. They were succeeded by the Hopi, who lived here seasonally for around 300 years, taking advantage of the canyon’s fertile soil. In the 1700s, the Hopi left the area and moved to the mesas, returning to the canyon to farm during the summer months. Today, the canyon is the cultural and geographic heart of the Navajo Nation. Pronounced “d’Shay,” de Chelly is a Spanish corruption of the Native name Tsegi, meaning Rock Canyon.

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Yucca House Ruin Perched on the mesa top, this ruin of an Ancestral Puebloan house sits in a rock r hollow, precariously overhanging a sheer drop to the valley floor.

Mummy Cave Ruin These two pueblos, separated by a central tower, were built in the 1280s by Ancestral Puebloans who had inhabited the area for more than 1,000 years. An impressive overlook provides a good view of the ruin.

Stone and adobe cliff dwellings were home to the Ancestral Puebloans from the 12th to the 14th century and were built to face south toward the sun, with cooler areas within.

Navajo Fortress This imposing rock tower was the site of a three-month siege in 1863, when a group of Navajos reached the summit via pole ladders to escape Kit Carson and the Army. The persistence of Carson (see p171) and starvation led them to surrender and they were marched to a camp in New Mexico.

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Canyon Landscape The sandstone cliffs of Canyon de Chelly reach as high as 1,000 ft (300 m), towering above the neighboring meadows and desert landscape in the distance. The canyon floor around the cliffs is fringed with cottonwood bushes, watered by the Chinle Wash.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map D3. 2 miles (3.5 km) east of Chinle and I-191. n PO Box 588, Chinle (928) 674-5500. # 8am–5pm daily. ¢ Dec 25. 7 partial. 8 obligatory (except White House). 0 = ∑ www.nps.gov/cach

The pale walls of the White House cliff drop 550 ft (160 m) to the canyon floor.

Hogan Interior The hogan is the center of Navajo family life. Made of horizontal logs, a smoke hole in the center provides contact with the sky, while the dirt floor gives contact with the earth. A door faces east to greet the rising sun.

W HITE H OUSE R UINS This group of rooms, tucked into a tiny hollow in the cliff, seems barely touched by time. The dwellings were originally situated above a larger pueblo, much of which has now disappeared. It is the only site within the canyon that can be visited without a Navajo guide, and is reached via a steep 2.5-mile (5-km) round-trip trail that winds to the canyon floor and offers magnificent views.

M ASSACRE C AVE The canyon’s darkest hour was in 1805, when a Spanish force under Lieutenant Antonio Narbona entered the area. The Spanish wanted to subdue the Navajo, claiming they were raiding their settlements. While some Navajo fled by climbing to the canyon rim, others took refuge in a cave high in the cliffs. The Spanish fired into the cave, and Narbona boasted that he had killed 115 Navajo including 90 warriors. Navajo accounts are different, claiming that most of the warriors were absent (probably hunting) and those killed were mostly women, children, and the elderly. The only Spanish fatality came when a Spaniard attempting to climb into the cave was attacked by a Navajo woman and both plunged over the cliff, gaining the Navajo name “Two Fell Over.” The Anglo name is “Massacre Cave.”

Pictograph on a canyon wall showing invading Spanish soldiers

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Exploring Canyon de Chelly is startlingly different from the sparse desert landscape that spreads from its rim. Weathered red rock walls, just 30-ft- (9-m-) high at the canyon mouth, rise to more than 1,000-ft(300-m-) high within the canyon, creating a sheltered world. Navajo hogans (see Navajo p169) dot the canyon floor; Navajo ranger women te rugs at ou Ancestral Puebloan ru Antelope House Ruin Navajo-led 4WD tour Named for a pictograph of an South rims are a pop

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antelope painted by Navajo artists in the 1830s, the oldest ruins at Antelope House date from AD 700. They can be seen from the Antelope House Overlook.

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Canyon Tour Half- and full-day tours from Thunderbird Lodge carry passengers in open flatbed or large 6WD army trucks. Of varying length and difficulty, the tours are the best way to see ruins up close.

Tsegi Overlook This high curve along the South Rim offers good general views of the farm-studded canyon floor and surrounding landscape.

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Hiking in the Canyon Canyon de Chelly is a popular destination for hikers, but only the White House Ruins Trail may be walked without a guide. The visitor center (see p169) offers Navajo-guided hikes on trails of varying lengths. K EY Highway Hiking route M Campground/RV Δ Picnic area n Visitor information J Viewpoint

der Rock ng more than 800 ft (245 m), vajo legends say it was here t Spider Woman lived and e them the skill of weaving.

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In 1863, the US government sent Kit Carson under the command of General James A. Carlton to settle the problem of Navajo raids. To avoid outright slaughter Carson led his soldiers through the region, destroying villages and livestock as the Navajo fled ahead of them. In January 1864 Carson entered Canyon de Chelly, capturing the Navajo hiding there. In 1864, they were among 9,000 Navajo who were driven on the “Long Walk,” a forced march of 370 miles (595 km) from Fort Defiance to Bosque Redondo in New Mexico. There, in a pitiful reservation, more than 3,000 Navajo died before the US government accepted the resettlement as a failure and allowed them to return to the Four Corners. Fur trapper and soldier Kit Carson (1809–68) 6

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Dramatic mesas and buttes in the Valley of the Gods near Bluff

Bluff 8 Road Map D2. * 300. n San Juan Visitor Center, 117 S. Main St. Monticello. (435) 678- 3662. M

of Bluff was settled in 1880 by the Mormons of “Hole-in-theRock-Road” fame (see p147). It is a good base for exploring Utah’s southeast corner. Float trips along the gentle San Juan River include stops at Ancestral Pueblo ruins that can be reached only by boat.

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a small kiva, or religious chamber. The park museum, has well thought-out displays on the history of these ancient people and other cultures that have inhabited the region.

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E NVIRONS : About 12 miles

(20 km) south of town, a marked turn leads onto the 17-mile (27-km) dirt road through the Valley of the Gods. Like a smaller version of Monument Valley (see pp164 –65), this place features high rock spires, buttes, and mesas, but none of the crowds. On a quiet day visitors may have the place all to themselves and be able to imagine what the land looked like to the first settlers.

Blanding 9 Road Map D2. * 3,800. n Edge of Cedars, State Park Museum, 660 W 400 N. (435) 678-3662. M # midMay–mid-Sep: 9am–7pm; midSep–mid-May: 9am–5pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & ∑ www.blanding.utah.org

town at the base of the Abajo Mountains, Blanding is home to the Edge of Cedars State Park. The park contains modest Ancestral Puebloan ruins, including

Hovenweep National Monument 0 Road Map D2. East of Hwy 191. § (970) 562-4282. # 8am–5pm daily (6pm May–Oct). ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. & 8 M ∑ www.nps.gov/hove

mysterious Ancestral Puebloan sites in the Southwest, the ruins at Hovenweep lie along the rim of a shallow canyon on a remote high plateau in the southwest corner of Colorado. These well-preserved ruins, which include unique round, square, and D-shaped towers, have neither been restored nor rebuilt. Indeed, they look much as they did when W.D. Huntington, leader of a Mormon expedition, first came upon the site in 1854. The site

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was named later in 1874, after an Ute word meaning “Deserted Valley.” The culture here reached its peak between 1200 and 1275. Little is known of these people beyond the clues found in the pottery and tools that they left behind. Researchers have speculated that the towers at Hovenweep might have been defensive fortifications, astronomical observatories, storage silos, or religious structures. The six separate sets of ruins at Hovenweep can be visited by walking along either of the two self-guiding trails that link them.

NE OF THE MOST

Ute Mountain Tribal Park q Road Map D2. n Junction of Highway 160 and Highway 666. (800) 847-5485. # Apr– Oct: 8am–3:30pm daily; Nov–Mar: 8am–3pm Wed–Sat. & 8 obligatory. HE RUINS of Ute Mountain Tribal Park are one of the better kept secrets of the Southwest. The Ancestral Puebloan people first arrived in this region in about AD 400.

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They closely followed the Mesa Verde (see pp180 –81) pattern of development, eventually creating numerous magnificent cliff dwellings, including the 80-room Lion House. These ruins have few visitors because of their inaccessibility. Visitors can use their own vehicles and join the dusty tours led by local Ute guides, or pay an extra charge to be driven.

Four Corners Monument Navajo Tribal Park w Road Map D2. Junction of Hwys 160 and 41. § (928) 871-6647. # May– Aug: 7am– 8pm; Sep–Apr: 8am–5pm. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7 ∑ www.navajonationparks.org

oddly compelling about being able to put one foot and hand in each of four states. It is the whole premise of the Four Corners Monument – the only place in the US where four states meet at one point.

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park e See pp174 – 75.

Farmington r Road Map D2. * 40,000. ~ c n 3041 E. Main St. (505) 326-7602. ∑ www.farmingtonnm.org DUSTY, HARD-WORKING

ranch town, Farmington is a good base for exploring the surrounding monuments. It is also home to one of the most unusual museums in the Southwest. The Bolack Museum of Fish and Wildlife covers over 30,000 sq ft (2,800 sq m) and houses the largest accumulation of mounted game animals in the world collected over 70 years by oilman and rancher Tom Bolack. It is divided into nine themed game rooms, including African, Asian, European, and Russian. The Farmington Museum focuses on the local

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history and geology of this area and features a popular children’s gallery with several interactive exhibits. ENVIRONS: 25 miles (40 km)

west of Farmingon is Shiprock, named for the spectacular 1,500-ft (457-m) rock peak that thrusts up from the valley floor about 5 miles (8 km) west of town. To the Navajo, this rock is sacred, and to early Anglo-American settlers it was a landmark visible for many miles that reminded them of a ship’s prow, hence the name. Now it is only possible for sightseers to observe the peak from the roadsides of Hwys 64 or 33. Eight miles (12 km) south, are the Salmon Ruins, which were once an outlying Chaco settlement. These ruins are particularly notable as they were protected from grave diggers by the Salmon family, who homesteaded here in the 1870s. As a result, a century later archaeologists recovered more than a million artifacts, many of which are on display in the excellent museum at the site. Outside, trails lead to the Salmon homestead and the ruins, which show the exceptional level of skill of these ancient stonemasons. E Bolack Museum 3901 Bloomfield Hwy. § (505) 3254275. # 9am–3pm Mon–Sat, appointment only. & 7 8 obligatory. E Farmington Museum 3041 E. Main St. § (505) 599-1174. # 8am – 5pm Mon – Sat. & 7 8 ∑ www.farmington museum.org

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T Salmon Ruins 6131 Hwy 64. § (505) 632-2013. # 8am –5pm Mon –Fri daily; Apr–Oct: 9am–5pm Sat & Sun; Nov–Mar: 9am– 5pm Sat, noon–5pm Sun. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1, Easter. & 7 8

Interior of the Great Kiva at Ancestral Puebloan Salmon Ruins

Aztec t Road Map D2. * 6,000. n 110 North Ash St. (505) 334-9551.

of Aztec was named for its ruins, which are Ancestral Puebloan and not Aztec as early settlers believed. Preserved as a national monument, the site’s 500-room pueblo flourished in the late 1200s. Visitors can look inside a rebuilt kiva.

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Aztec Ruins National Monument North of Hwy 516 on Ruins Rd. § (505) 334-6174. # 8am–5pm daily (6pm in summer). ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. & 7 8 ∑ www.nps.gov/azru

The spectacular red peak of Shiprock near Farmington

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park e one of the most impressive cultural sites in the Southwest, reflecting the sophistication of the Ancestral Puebloan civilization that existed here. With its six Arrowhead at Chaco Museum “great houses” (pueblos containing hundreds of rooms) and many lesser sites, the canyon was once the political, religious, and cultural center for settlements that covered much of the Four Corners. At its peak during the 11th century, Chaco was one of the most impressive pre-Columbian cities in North Am pite its size, it is thought that Chac because the land could n munity. Archaeolo used as a ce populat the

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C large as at 3 sq acres Chetro Ketl has m than 500 rooms. The masonry used to build the later portions of this structure is among the most sophisticated found in any Ancestral Puebloan site.

Casa R Also known as a g Rinconada is the largest reli chamber at Chaco, measuring 62 ft (19 m) in diameter. It was used for spiritual gatherings.

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Pueblo Alto Pueblo Alto was built atop the mesa at the junction of several ancient Chacoan roads. Reaching the site requires a two-hour hike, but the views over the canyon are well worth it.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map 3D. 3 m (5 km) S.E. of Nageezi off US 550. n Chaco Culture Visitor Center (505) 786-7014. ∑ www.nps.gov/chcu # 8am–5pm daily. ¢ Public hols. & 7 8

mers at Fajada Butte of time was vital to the crop planting and the s. A spiral petroglyph, a Butte, is designed to ging seasons through s it casts on the rock.

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The site is accessed via a 16-mile (26-km) dirt road that is affected by flash floods in wet weather. Drivers can follow the paved loop road that passes several of Chaco’s highlights. There is parking at all major sites. From the visitor center, a trail leads to Una Vida and the petroglyphs.

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HE SAN JUAN SKYWAY is a 236-mile (380-km) loop through some of America’s finest scenery. The route travels three highways (550, 145, and 160) over the San Juan Mountains, past 19th-century mining towns and through forests and canyons. There are 14 peaks above 14,000 ft (4,200 m). Between Silverton and Ouray the road is also known as the Million Dollar Highway, having been named for the gold-rich gravel used in the road’s construction or, according to another theory, because the road was expensive to build.

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Telluride 4 Smaller than the ski resorts of Aspen and Vail, Telluride’s gentrified Western persona attracts both wealthy jet setters and serious skiers.

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Tour Route: Highway 550 from Durango, then 145 and 160. Length: 236 miles (380 km). Stopping-off points: Ridgeway State Park on Hwy 550 offers great views of the San Juan Mountains.

Ouray 3 Another very Western mining town with a history similar to Silverton’s, Ouray has the added attraction of the Ouray Hot Springs. ONTROSE

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Atlas Lake 5 One of many lovely alpine lakes to be found along the San Juan Skyway, Atlas Lake lies south of Telluride and just north of the high-mountain Lizard Head Pass.

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Durango 1 The start of the Durango and Silverton steam train trip, the town of Durango has a charming Victorian district and hot springs.

Silverton 2 Silver was discovered here in 1874. Today, this classic frontier town is the scene of daily mock gunfights along Blair Street.

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Durango p Road map D2. * 14,700. ~ c n 111 S. Camino del Rio (970) 2473500; (800) 525-8855. # May –Sep: 8am–6pm Mon–Sat; Oct–Apr: 8am– 5pm Mon–Fri. ∑ www.durango.org

lovely town with shady tree-lined streets and splendid Victorian architecture. Its attractive setting, on the banks of the Animas River, draws increasing numbers of residents, making the town the largest community in this part of Colorado. It is famous as the starting point of the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, perhaps the most scenic train ride in the US. A 1920s coal-fired steam train ferries more than 200,000 visitors each year along the Animas River valley, up steep gradients through canyons and mountain scenery, to Silverton. Passengers may choose to ride in either Victorian or open-sided “gondola” cars that offer great views. Several stops along the way allow hikers and anglers access to the pristine backcountry of the San Juan National Forest. A good time to make the trip is September when fall colors cover the mountainsides. This is a popular attraction, and booking ahead is recommended.

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Spectacular views of the Rockies from Telluride’s main street

Telluride u Road map D2. * 1550. ~ c n 700 W. Colorado Ave. (970) 7283041; (800) 525-3455. # 9am–6pm daily. ∑ www.visittelluride.com

peaks, has made it a popular base for hikers and 4WD enthusiasts. To the north of town are the Ouray Hot Springs. To the south, a loop road leads to Box Canyon Falls Park. A short trail leads across a swinging bridge to the falls’ dramatic cascade.

mining town like Silverton, today Telluride is a noted ski resort, as popular with Hollywood celebrities o as the equally famous Aspen in northern Colorado. Its lateVictorian center boasts upscale Road map D2. * 505. n 414 Greene St. (970) 387-5654; ski shops, boutiques, and (800) 752- 4494. M restaurants. Yet Telluride ∑ www.silvertoncolorado.com retains its authentic charm; it is still possible to imagine the ILVERTON IS set among days when the notorious outsnow-covered peaks, and law Butch Cassidy, who robbed is one of the best preserved his first bank in 1889, lived here. 19th-century mining towns in The ski resort’s exclusive Mountain Village lies across a the Southwest. The entire town is registered mountain ridge as a National Hiseasily reached by a toric Landmark, 12-minute gondola and the façades ride. In winter, along Blair Street there is a variety of winter sports. In Plaque from Silverton have altered little County Jail since the days of summer, there are the 1880s silverwalks and riding mining boom that gave the trails, and fishing in local town its name. On Greene lakes and rivers. The town Street, most of the buildings also hosts an annual interdate from the late 19th and national film festival. early 20th centuries, including the 1902 County Jail, which i houses the San Juan County Historical Museum. Greene Road map D2. * 800. n 1230 Street East leads 13 miles (21 North Main St. (970) 325-4746; km) north to the ghost town, (800) 228-1876. # daily. Animas Forks, abandoned after ∑ www.ouraycolorado.com the mines ran out of silver.

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} Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad 479 Main Ave. § (970) 247-2733; reservations (888) 872- 4607. # most days year round; call for times.

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preserved old mining town of Ouray lies 23 miles (37 km) north of Silverton on Hwy 550. Its stunning setting, amid mountain

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E San Juan County Historical Museum 1512 Greene St. § (970) 387-5838. # late May– mid-Oct: 9am –5pm daily. ¢ late Oct– mid-May. &

Steam train on Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad

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mesa overlooking the Montezuma Valley was home to the Ancestral Puebloan people (see p38) for more than 700 years. Within canyons that cut through the mesa are some of the best preserved and most elaborate cliff dwellings built by these people. Mesa Verde, meaning “Green Table,” was a name given to the area by the Spanish in the 1700s, but the ruins were not widely known until the late 19th century. This site provides a fascinating record of these people from the Basketmaker period, beginning around AD 550, to the complex society that built the many-roomed cliff dwellings between 1000 and 1250. Displays at the Far View Visitor Center and the Chapin Mesa Museum provide a good introduction.

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Spruce Tree House Tucked into a cliff niche, these three-story structures probably housed as many as 100 people.

Guided Tours Ranger-led tours give visitors a chance to actually enter the ruins and get a feel for the daily lives of these ancient people.

C LIFF PALACE With 150 rooms, this is the largest Ancestral Puebloan cliff dwelling found anywhere, and is the site that most visitors focus on. The location and symmetry suggest that architecture was important to the builders. Begun around 1200, it was

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Balcony House Possibly built for defense, Balcony House could not be seen from above. Access was (and still is) difficult. Visitors must climb three ladders high above the canyon floor, then crawl through an access tunnel.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map D2. n PO Box 8, Mesa Verde (970) 529-4465. ~ Cortez. Far View Visitor Center # early Apr–mid-Oct: 8am –5pm daily. Chapin Mesa Archaeological Museum # Apr– Oct: 8am–6:30pm daily; Nov– Mar: 8am–5pm. daily. & 7 8 -=0

Towers were probably used for signalling or as lookouts for defense.

Square Tower House Early cowboys named this ruin for the prominent, tower-like central structure, which was actually a vertical stack of rooms that was once surrounded by other rooms. It may have been used as a dwelling or for ceremonial purposes. The 23 kivas or religious rooms at this site are thought to indicate that at least 23 clans lived here at various times.

Wetherill Mesa Long House A scenic 12-mile (17-km) drive on a winding mountain road leads to Wetherill Mesa, named for the local rancher, Richard Wetherill, who found Cliff Palace in the 1880s. Two cliff dwellings here, Step and Long houses, are open to visitors.

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I N T RO D U C I N G N E W M E X I C O 184 –189 S A N TA F E A N D N O R T H E R N N E W M E X I C O 190 –207 ALBUQUERQUE AND S O U T H E R N N E W M E X I C O 208 –227

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Introducing New Mexico EW MEXICO’S SCENIC

beauty, rich cultural heritage, and unique mix of Native American, Hispanic, and Anglo-American people make it a fascinating place to visit. The forested peaks of the Rocky Mountains in the north offer ski resorts in winter and cool retreats in the hot summers. Northern New Mexico is also noted for its quality of light, with stark shadows and soft colors that have attracted generations of artists to the region, especially to the creative centers of Santa Fe and Taos. Albuquerque is the state’s centrally located largest city, and, to the south, visitors can explore ancient Native ruins at Bandelier National Monument, t as well as such natural wonders as the gleaming dunes of White Sands National Monument and the cave systems of Carlsbad Caverns.

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G ETTING A ROUND New Mexico has two major Interstate Highways, I-25 and I-40, which cross each other in Albuquerque. Interstate 25 cuts north into Colorado and south into Mexico. Interstate 40 cuts east to west, into Texas and Arizona respectively. To the south, Interstate 10 connects the city of Las Cruces with Arizona. Albuquerque airport is New Mexico’s main hub for both international and domestic flights. Greyhound buses run from Albuquerque to Santa Fe and Taos.

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Soaptree yucca plant growing among the dunes at White Sands National Monument (see p223)

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The Atomic Age URING WORLD WAR II,

fears that the Germans were developing an atomic bomb led the US to begin its own nuclear weapons program. In 1942 Britain and the US decided to combine their research efforts; Los Alamos, a remote area of New Mexico, was chosen as the location for the Manhattan Project, which resulted in the world’s first nuclear explosion in July 1945. The clear skies, level ground, and sparse population made it an ideal top-secret testing ground. Today, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque are the largest nuclear research facilities in the US, and New Mexico’s largest employers. Along with White Sands Missile Range, they remain important centers for military research and development. Visitors can find out more about the region’s atomic history at museums in Los Alamos (see p200) and White Sands (see p223).

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Fat Man and Little Boy were atomic bombs dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Reproductions can be seen at the Bradbury Science Museum in Los Alamos (see p200).

The Nike Ajax missile at the International Space Hall of Fame in Alamogordo (see p224) was one of the first guided missiles. It was tested at the White Sands Missile Range in 1951. Other rockets from the period are on display in the museum grounds.

Robert Goddard did not live to see the age of spaceflight. At the time of his death in 1945, he held 214 patents in rocketry.

T HE M ANHATTAN P ROJECT In 1943, an innocuous former boys’ school, the Los Alamos Ranch School set high in New Mexico’s remote Pajarito Plateau, was chosen as the research site for the top secret Manhattan Project. Work began immediately under the direction of physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie R. Groves. In just over two years they had developed the first atomic bomb, which was detonated at the secluded Trinity Test Site (now the White Sands Missile Range) 230 miles (370 km) south of Los Alamos, on July 16, 1945. The decision to explode the bomb in warfare was highly controversial, and some of the scientists who developed the bomb signed a petition against its use. Displays on the project can be seen at the Bradbury Science Museum. Oppenheimer and Groves at Los Alamos, 1944

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Dr. John P. Stapp testing acceleration in his Sonic Wind I rocket sled in 1954 at Holloman Air Force Base near White Sands Missile Range. His research improved aircraft seatbelt technology.

Goddard’s assistants (left to right) in his workshop were N.T. Ljungquist, A.W. Kisk, and C.W. Mansur.

Ham the space chimp is helped out of his capsule after becoming the first living creature to be sent into space in 1961.

R OCKET S CIENCE Robert Goddard (1882–1945) is often referred to as “the father of modern rocketry,” developing rocket science in his workshop in Roswell, New Mexico (see p227). He launched his first liquid-fueled rocket in Massachusetts in 1926 and performed 56 flight tests in Roswell in the 1930s. By 1935 he had developed rockets that could carry cameras and record instrument readings. An altitude record was set in 1937 when a Goddard rocket reached 2 miles (3 km) above the earth.

A Goddard rocket without its casing, being studied on an “assembly frame.”

The space shuttle touching down on the Northrup strip at the White Sands Missile Site on March 30, 1982. This was the first time in its three-flight history that the shuttle landed in New Mexico. Today, White Sands is a designated shuttle testing ground and landing site.

New Mexico is a major center for astronaut training and selection. Here astronaut Steven Robinson is training in a buoyancy tank to simulate life in space in preparation for his 1998 mission on the Discovery shuttle.

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Hispanic Culture in New Mexico Hispanic culture in the Southwest is found in New Mexico. Here, the Hispanic population, descendants of the original Spanish colonizers of the 16th century, outnumbers that of the AngloAmericans. The Spanish introduced sheep and horses to the region, as well as bringing Catholicism with its saints’ festivals and colorful church decorations. Centuries of mixing with both the Southwest’s native and Anglo cultures have also influenced every aspect of modern Hispanic society, from language and cooking to festivals and the arts. Contemporary New Mexican residents bear the Hispanic surnames of their ancestors, and speak English with a Spanish accent. Even English speakers use Spanish terms.

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Corn has been a staple t p food in the region since pre-Columbian times. It is used to make tortilla chips, which are served with guacamole (avocado dip).

Navajo rugs are considered a native handicraft, but their designs also show signs of Moorish patterns brought from Spain by the colonizers who first introduced sheep into the New World.

A Bulto (carved wooden figure) of St. Joseph sits on the altar of the Morada at El Rancho de las Golondrinas (see pp198–9). It is an example of a form of Hispanic folk art, which combined religious beliefs and artistic expression. The well was always located in the middle of the main courtyard to be easily accessible.

Hacienda Martínez was built south of Taos in 1804 by Don Antonio Martínez, an early mayor of the town. It is one of the few Spanish haciendas to be preserved in more or less its original form. Today it is open to visitors who can watch local artisans demonstrating a variety of folk arts.

Decorations made from tin originated in Mexico where this metal was a cheap substitute for silver. Shapes were cut out and painted with translucent colors.

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Fiestas are an important element of Hispanic culture, and there are many throughout the year, particularly on saints’ days (see pp32 –5). Fiestas often combine both indigenous and Spanish influences. Elements of Hispanic celebrations have also been incorporated into events in other cultures; here, young girls perform traditional dances at celebrations for the Fourth of July.

Adobe beehive ovens (hornos) were introduced by the Spanish for baking bread. They were originally of Moorish design.

S PANISH I NFLUENCE The restored El Rancho de las Golondrinas (see pp198 –9) is a living museum showing the way of life – centered on the hacienda – pioneered in the Southwest by the Spanish colonists. In a hacienda, a large number of rooms (approximately 20) would be set around one or two courtyards, reflecting the extended family style of living favored by the Spanish settlers. The Spanish Colonial style is also seen in the layout of many towns, including central Santa Fe (see pp192 –5).

Chile ristras are garlands of dried red chiles sold as souvenirs in New Mexico. Chiles were a Native American food, unknown in Europe before Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492. However, they were adopted wholeheartedly by the Spanish.

Luminarias fill the square outside San Felipe de Neri church in Albuquerque’s Old Town. These Mexican lanterns (also called farolitos) s consist of a candle set in sand in a paper bag, and are displayed during religious festivals.

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S A N TA F E A N D N O R T H E R N NEW MEXICO HE BEAUTY OF the lan n dscape and the wealth h of cultural attractionss make northern New Mexico one of the most popular desstinations in the Southwestt. Visitors drive through the forests orests of the San Juan Mountains and the peaks of the Sangre de Cristo Range, part of the southern Rocky Mountains, then through picturesque villages to meet the Rio Grande valley. It was this fertile landscape that probably attracted Ancestral Puebloan people in the 1100s. Their descendents still live today in pueblo villages, and are famous for producing distinctive crafts and pottery. Taos Pueblo is the largest

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of the pu ueblos, its fame due both to o its adobe architecture and its ceremonial dances performed on feast days. p Southward lies the beautifu ul city of Santa Fe. Founded by Spanish colonists in 1610, Santa Fe is now one of the most visited cities in the United States, renowned for its art galleries and adobe buildings. Today, tourism dominates this historic trading center, with its appealing mix of Hispanic, Native, and Anglo-American cultures. Many specialty vacations and outdoor activities are available in the area, including archaeological tours, skiing, and whitewater rafting.

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in North America, Santa Fe was founded by the Spanish conquistador Don Pedro de Peralta, who established a colony here in 1610 (see p39). This colony was abandoned in 1680 following the Pueblo Revolt, but settlers recaptured it in 1692 (see p40). When Mexico gained independence in 1821, Santa Fe was opened up to the wider world and traders and settlers from the US arrived via the Santa Fe Trail (see p25). The central plaza has been the heart of Santa Fe since its founding, and there is no better place to begin exploring the city. Today, it houses a Native American market under the portal of the Palace of the Governors, and the square is lined with shops, cafés, and galleries.

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. Museum of Fine Arts Built of adobe in 1917, this museum focuses on the paintings and sculpture of Southwestern artists.

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The Plaza The obelisk at the center of this main square commemorates Santa Fe’s war veterans. The Plaza is dominated by the Palace of the Governors and lined with old colonial buildings.

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. Palace of the Governors This single-story adobe building dates back to the early 17th century. Now part of the Museum of New Mexico, 1 the palace houses displays on the city’s history. th ry.

Road map E3. * 65,000. ~ Santa Fe Municipal Airport, 10 miles (16 km) S.W. of Santa Fe. £ Lamy, 18 miles S. of city. c 858 St. Michael’s Dr. n 201 W. Marcy St. (505) 955- 6200; (800) 777-2489. _ Spanish Market (Jul); Santa Fe Opera Season (Jul & Aug); Indian Market (Aug); Fiestas de Santa Fe (Sep). ∑ www.santafenm.gov

Institute of American Indian Arts Museum

La Fonda Hotel

Loretto Chapel Built in Gothic style by French architects in the 1870s, the Loretto Chapel was modeled on Ste. Chappelle in Paris. The building and elegant spiral staircase inside were commissioned for the Sisters of Loretto.

Saint Francis Cathedral This colorful, carved wooden statue of the Virgin stands in a chapel belonging to the original 17th-century church on which the cathedral was built in 1869.

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and beautiful architecture have made it one of the most popular destinations in the US. Sitting 7,000 ft (2,100 m) up on a high plateau, surrounded by the splendor of the Sangre de Cristo mountains, it basks in clear light and sunshine. The blending of three distinct cultures – Hispanic, Native American, and Anglo – contribute to the city’s vibrancy. Santa Fe is an artists’ town. About one in six Virgin at residents work in the arts, and their legacy is Palace of the everywhere, from the dozens of private galleries Governors along Canyon Road to the fine collections at the Museum of New Mexico. Still, Santa Fe has a relaxed atmosphere, and a setting that offers plenty of opportunities for such outdoor activities as hiking or skiing.

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Exploring Santa Fe Many of the main attractions in Santa Fe are within easy walking distance of the Plaza (see p192). This is also the city’s main shopping district for arts, crafts, and souvenirs, and many popular cafés and restaurants line the nearby streets. Santa Fe is home to the Museum of New Mexico’s four museums. Visitors are advised to buy the four-day pass that covers all of them.

This 1795 adobe church is dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe, the patron saint of both the Mexican and Pueblo peoples. Santuario de Guadelupe marked the end of the old Camino Real (Royal Road), the main trade route from Mexico. A painted altarpiece of the Virgin, r dating from 1783, graces the peaceful interior, which is also used as a setting for classical concerts.

Jimson Weed (1932), painting at the Georgia O’Keeffe Museum

building is one of the earliest examples of modern Pueblo Revival-style architecture (see p23). The design owes much to the nearby Pueblo mission churches. Exhibition spaces have square beams, handcarved and painted decoration, and other traditional features. The museum’s permanent collection comprises over 20,000 pieces of Southwestern art from the 19th century onward. P Palace of the Governors 105 E. Palace Ave. § (505) 4765100. # 10am –5pm Tue –Sun. ¢ Mon, public hols. & 7 ∑ www.palaceofthegovernors.org

The Palace of the Governors dominates the north side of the Plaza and is the oldest public building in continuous use in America. Built in 1610, it was the seat of regional government for 300 years. Exhibits trace the history and culture of New Mexico from 1540 to 1912. Items such as a hand-crafted rawhide violin illustrate the selfreliance and ingenuity that was needed on the frontier. The exhibition space is set to double in size by 2007. E

display here, including Jimson Weed (1932), Purple Hills II, and Ghost Ranch, New Mexico (1934), as well as her sculpture and less well-known works, such as paintings of New York. E Museum of Fine Arts 107 W. Palace Ave. § (505) 4765072. # 10am–5pm Tue–Sun, 10am– 8pm Fri. ¢ Mon, public hols. & 7 ∑ www.museumofnewmexico.org

Built to showcase New Mexico’s growing art scene and completed in 1917, this

Institute of American Indian Arts

108 Cathedral Pl. § (505) 983-1777. # 10am–5pm daily. ¢ public hols. & 7 ∑ www.iaiancad.org

Housed in a striking Pueblo Revival-style building, this engaging museum contains the National Collection of Contemporary Indian Art. Traditional arts such as pottery, textiles, and beadwork are displayed alongside modern paintings and mixedmedia works by leading Native American artists.

E Georgia O’Keeffe Museum 217 Johnson St. § (505) 946-1000. # Jul–Oct: 10am–5pm Sat–Thu, 10am–8pm Fri; Nov–Jun: 10am–5pm Sat–Tue & Thu, 10am–8pm Fri, closed Wed. ¢ public hols. & free after 5pm. 7 ∑www.okeeffemuseum.org

Opened in 1997, this museum is dedicated to New Mexico’s most famous resident artist, Georgia O’Keeffe (1887–1986; see p203). It is the only place in the world with a substantial collection of her works under one roof. Some of her best-loved paintings are on

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Exploring Central Santa Fe

R Santuario de Guadalupe 100 S. Guadalupe St. § (505) 988 2027. # daily.

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except for the side chapel of Our Lady of the Rosary. This houses the oldest statue of the Virgin Mary in North America, known as La Conquistadora. Carved in Mexico in 1625, the figure was brought to Santa Fe where it gained mythThe decorative façade of St. Francis Cathedral ical status as settlers fleeing the Pueblo R St. Francis Cathedral Revolt in 1680 (see p40) 131 Cathedral Pl. § (505) 982claimed to have been saved 5619. # daily. 7 by the Virgin’s protection. The Cathedral’s French Romanesque-style façade is R Loretto Chapel 207 Old Santa Fe Trail. § (505) 982an anomaly in the heart of 0092. # Mar–Oct: 9am–6pm Mon– this adobe city, yet its honeySat, 10:30am–5pm Sun; Nov– Feb: colored stone, glowing in the 9am– 5pm Mon–Sat, 10:30–5pm Sun. afternoon light, makes it one & 7 ∑ www.lorettochapel.com of its lovliest landmarks. It was built in 1869 under Santa Fe’s This chapel is famous for its first Archbishop, Jean Baptiste staircase, a dramatically curved spiral that winds upward for Lamy. The building replaced 21 ft (6 m) with 33 steps that most of an earlier adobe make two complete 360 degree church called La Parroquia,

turns. The spiral has no nails or center support and its perfect craftsmanship is all that keeps it aloft. When the chapel was originally built it lacked access to the choirloft. A mysterious carpenter appeared, built the spiral, and vanished without seeking payment.

The elegant curves of the spiral staircase at the Loretto Chapel

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Museum of International Folk Art houses a stunning collection of folk art from all over the world, including toys, miniature theaters, dolls, and paintings, as well as religious and traditional art. The eastern gallery holds the fine Mexican jaguar mask Girard Wing, the largest collection of crosscultural works in existence. Thousands of objects from more than 100 countries are displayed, including icons and paintings. The highlights are ceramic figures arranged in attractive scenes, ranging from a Polish Christmas to a Mexican baptism. The Hispanic Heritage Wing contains Spanish colonial decorative art, such as rare hide paintings, while the Neutrogena Wing . Girard Collection Figures offers textiles from Africa, Asia, and South America. Created in 1960 in Oaxaca,

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Mexico, this baptism scene is made up of over 50 painted earthenware villagers.

Neutrogena Wing Specializing in rugs, textiles, blankets, and costumes, this gallery spans world culture to reveal a depth of craft and detail in each piece, as showm in this former exhibit – a 19th-century dyed Japanese bridal sleeping cover.

The Bartlett Library in the Bartlett Wing is a research facility housing articles, photographs, and audio-visual material on world cultures.

Hispanic Heritage Wing This hand-carved New-Mexican icon, from 1830–50, represents Mary, Our Lady of Sorrows. It is typical of the Spanish colonial and Hispanic folk art found in this wing.

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. Girard Collection Toy This Bangladeshi toy is a 1960s addition to the more than 100,000 artifacts collected by US designer Alexander Girard from 1930 to 1978.

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Canyon Road E Museum Hill Alongside the Museum of Originally an Indian track between the Rio Grande and International Folk Art, two Pecos pueblos, Canyon Road other important museums are found on Museum Hill. was later used by burros The Museum of Indian (donkeys) hauling firewood down from the Arts and Culture is mountains. This dedicated to traditional upscale road is today Native American arts lined with more than and culture. Its main 100 private art galleries, exhibit, Here, Now & Always, tells the story of restaurants, and shops, the Southwest’s oldest with their premises in historic adobe houses, communities in the words such as El Zagun at of native Pueblo, Navajo, No. 545. Most of the and Apache people. artworks here are for Ancient male There are also exhibits figurine sale, and many have of Pueblo pottery, petfairly high price tags. roglyphs, and rock art. Canyon Road runs parallel to The Wheelwright Museum the river and the former of the American Indian was established in 1937 by wealthy Acequia Madre, or “mother ditch,” the city’s first irrigation philanthropist Mary Cabot channel, which today is lined Wheelwright of Boston, and with adobe buildings. was built to resemble a Navajo hogan (see p169). For many R San Miguel Mission years Navajo sandpaintings 401 Old Santa Fe Trail. § (505) 983were displayed here, but 3974. # daily. & 7 these have been returned to The chapel of San Miguel is the Navajo Nation. Today the thought to have been built museum’s focus is on its around 1610, making it one of changing exhibitions of the oldest churches in the US. contemporary work by Native The original dirt floor and American artists. In the adobe steps are still visible at basement, the excellent Case the front of the altar. It was Trading Post re-creates the built by Tlaxcala Indians, who first trading posts established traveled from Mexico with the on the Navajo reservation and early Spanish settlers. sells a fine range of traditional This simple church contains handmade crafts and jewelry. a number of attractive features. E Museum of Indian Arts The great roof beams were restored in 1692, having been and Culture burned 12 years earlier in the 710 Camino Lejo. § (505) 476Pueblo Revolt. A carved wood- 1250. # 10am–5pm Tue –Sun. en reredos (altarpiece) frames & 7 E The Wheelwright the centrally placed statue of the patron saint, San Miguel, Museum of the American Indian while the side walls boast 704 Camino Lejo. § (505) 982paintings of religious scenes on deerskin and buffalo hide. 4636. # daily. ¢ public hols. 7

K EY Girard Wing Neutrogena Wing Hispanic Heritage Wing Bartlett Wing Non exhibition space Detail of the carved wooden reredos at San Miguel Mission

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El Rancho de las Golondrinas early 1700s, El Rancho de las Golondrinas (Ranch of the Swallows), is a historic stopping place on the Camino Real, the old royal road trading route that ran from Mexico City to Santa Fe. Home to the Baca family for 200 years, the 200-acre (89-ha) ranch was used by settlers and explorers to rest up and water their animals before heading on to the city. Located in a fertile valley just south of Santa Fe, this living history museum, with its restored buildings and historic features, re-creates life on a typical 18th-century Spanish rural hacienda. Authentic historic crops such as squash and corn are grown here, and burros and horses are used to work the fertile land.

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. La Placita This small central c yard contains the ho or beehive-shaped ov that were used to bak bread and cookies.

. Baca House Kitchen The kitchen, like the rest of the Baca house from the early 1800s. It features a bell-shape and a built-in wall cabinet (alacena) to keep foo

. Chapel This pretty painted wooden reredos (screen) graces the chapel. Part of the original ranch, a chapel was essential for devout Catholic settlers.

Villager Weaving On weekends, costumed workers demonstrate the hacienda’s skills, including weaving.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST 334 Los Pinos Rd, 15 miles (24 km) south of Santa Fe off I-25. § (505) 471-2261. # Jun–Sep: 10am– 4pm Wed–Sun for selfguided tours; Apr, May, Oct: guided tours only. Call ahead for reservations. & 7 8 0 = ∑ www.golondrinas.org

Sapello Mill is 1870s water mill sm moved here from a New Mexican age in 1972. Its ag ones still grind on eat into flour ea estival days.

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The tertainment latform plays st to musicians nd dancers who erform shows of aditional colonial sic during festivals and special events.

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F Santa Fe Opera 5 miles N. of Santa Fe on Hwy 84/285. § (505) 986-5900; (800) 280-4654. # Jul–Aug. 7 ∑ www.santafeopera.org

Located just north of Santa Fe near the pueblo villages of Tesuque and Pojoaque, the outdoor auditorium is the setting for one of the finest summer opera companies in the world. It is renowned for innovative productions, which attract international stars. A state-of-the-art electronic system allows the audience to read translations of the libretti on the seats in front of them. Backstage tours are available in July and August. Visitors are advised to come prepared for Santa Fe’s changeable weather with warm clothing, umbrellas, rugs, and waterproof gear.

The façade of the New Mexico State Capitol with Puebloan sun motif P New Mexico State Capitol Old Santa Fe Trail & Paseo de Peralta. § ((505) 986-4589. # May–early Sep: 8am–6pm Mon–Sat; mid-Sep– Apr: 7am–6pm Mon–Fri. 8 7 ∑ http://legis.state.nm.us

Built to resemble the sun symbol of the Zia Pueblo people, the circular State Capitol houses works by New Mexican artists from the Capitol Art Collection. Paintings, photographs, sculptures, furniture, and Buffalo l sculpture l at State Capitol W Santa Fe Ski Area weavings are disHwy 475. § (505) 982played on four levels. 4429. # Nov–early Apr: 9am– 4pm A highlight is the sculpture daily, weather permitting. & The Buffalo (1992), by Holly ∑ www. skisantafe.com Hughes, which uses paintJust a 30-minute drive from brushes and film for hair. central Santa Fe, the ski area P Santa Fe Southern sits in a 12,000-ft- (4,000-m-) Railway high basin of the Sangre de 410 S. Guadalupe St. § (505) 989Cristo mountains. The resort 8600; (888) 989-8600. & ∑ www. has 43 trails to suit skiers of sfsr.com every ability, from beginners to experts, and snowboarding Located in the railyard near the corner of Guadalupe Street runs are also open. A lodge, equipment rentals, ski school, and Montezuma Avenue, this working freight train offers and child care are available, rides in vintage passenger cars as are a variety of ski packthrough spectacular desert ages. From late September to scenery to the little village of early October, chairlift rides Lamy. The stop for lunch at offer splendid views of the Lamy is included in the ticket fall colors of the golden price. The round trip takes aspen trees. During the between three and four-andwinter, the slopes are open only in safe conditions; always a-half hours. Train schedules change seasonally, so call call in advance to check that your preferred runs are open. ahead for times.

Pino House (office)

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Los Alamos 2 Road map E3. * 19,000. n 109 Central Park Square (505) 662-8105. ∑ www.visit.losalamos.com

Los Alamos is famous as the location of the Manhattan Project (see p186), the US Government’s top-secret research program for the development of the atomic bomb during World War II. Government scientists took over this remote site in 1943. In 1945 the first atomic bomb was detonated at the Trinity test site in the southern New Mexico desert near Alamogordo (see p224). Today, the town is home to scientists from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, a leading defense facility. The Bradbury Science Museum showcases its work, with exhibits on security and technology, and replicas of Little Boy and Fat Man, the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946. The Los Alamos Historical Museum covers local geology and history.

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15th & Central Ave. § (505) 6674444. # 10am–5pm Tue–Sat. ¢ public hols. 7

Façade of Bradbury Science Museum in Los Alamos E

Los Alamos Historical Museum

Central & 20th St. § (505) 6624493. # Mon –Sat 10am – 4pm (5pm summer); 1pm–4pm Sun. ¢ public hols. 7

Jemez Springs 3 Road map E3. * 19,000. n Highway 4 (505) 829-3540. HE SMALL town of Jemez Springs is located in San Diego Canyon, by the Jemez River, on land once occupied by the Giusewa Pueblo. Its ruins and those of a 17thcentury mission church are now part of the Jemez State Monument. Remnants of the mission walls and a reconstruction of its massive main gates can be seen here. A few

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miles south on Hwy 4, Jemez Pueblo is open only on feast days and festivals; call Jemez Springs visitor center for dates. The region is famous for its hot springs. Spence Hot Springs, 7 miles (11 km) north of town, has several outdoor hot pools linked by waterfalls. T Jemez State Monument Off Hwy 4. § (505) 829-3530. # 8:30am –5pm Wed–Mon. ¢ Tue, public hols. & 7 partial.

T HE R IO G RANDE One of America’s great rivers, the Rio Grande evokes romantic images of frontier legends, from Billy the Kid to John Wayne. Its mythic status grew up from movies and TV westerns, but its historical and geographical importance is no less fascinating. From its source in Colorado, the fifth-longest river in the United States flows southeast for 1,885 miles (3,000 km) to the Gulf of Mexico. It crosses New Mexico, then forms the entire boundary between Texas and Mexico. Used for irrigation since ancient times by the pueblos, in the 16th century, Spanish settlers established towns and villages along the length of the river. Today, crops including cotton, citrus fruits, and vegetables are grown along its fertile banks.

Mission church of San Jose at Jemez State Monument

Bandelier National Monument 4 Road map E3. Off Hwy 4. § (505) 672-3861. # dawn–dusk daily; visitor center: 8am –4:30pm daily. ¢ Dec 25, Jan 1. & 7 partial. M ∑ www.nps.gov/band

rugged cliffs and canyons of the Pajarito Plateau, Bandelier National Monument shelters the remains of an Ancestral Puebloan settlement. The site is thought to have been occupied by ancestors of the Puebloan peoples for around 500 years from the 12th to the

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16th centuries. During this time successive communities settled here, growing corn and squash, as well as hunting. The earliest occupants are thought to have carved the soft volcanic rock of the towering cliffs to make cave dwellings, while later people built houses and pueblos from rock debris. One of the most fascinating sights here is the ruin of the 400-room Tyuonyi village. The settlement is laid out with semicircular lines of houses on the floor of Frijoles Canyon. The visitor center is also located in the canyon, and from here the Main Loop Trail leads past Tyuonyi to some of the cave dwellings and the Long House, multistoried dwellings built into an 800-ft (240-m) stretch of the cliff. Petroglyphs can be spotted above the holes which once held the roof beams. Another short trail leads to the Alcove House, perched 150 ft (45 m) up in the rocks and reached by ladders.

Pecos National Historical Park 5 Road map E3. Hwy 63. § (505) 7576414. # May–Sep: 8am–6pm daily; Oct–Apr: 8am–5pm daily ¢ Dec 25. & 7 ∑ www.nps.gov/peco

Hwy 63, around 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Santa Fe, Pecos National Historical Park includes the ruins of the once influential Pecos Pueblo. Situated in a pass through the

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The façade of the Plaza Hotel in the main square of Las Vegas

Pecos Puebloans acted as a conduit for such goods as buffalo skins and meat and Puebloan products including pottery, textiles, and turquoise. The village is thought to have been among the largest in the Southwest. It stood up to five stories high, with nearly 700 rooms housing more than 2,000 people, a quarter of them warriors. When the Spanish arrived in the late 16th century, it was a strong regional power. But by 1821 Comanche raids, disease, and migration had taken their toll; the pueblo was almost deserted, and the remaining inhabitants moved to Jemez Pueblo. The pueblo site can be seen on a 1.25-mile (2-km) trail that winds past them and also the ruined remains of two Spanish mission churches. There are also two reconstructed kivas (sacred ceremonial sites) here. The visitor center has exhibits of historic artifacts and crafts, as well as a video covering 1,000 years of Puebloan history in the area

Las Vegas 6 Road map E3. * 17,000. c £ n 701 Grand Ave. (505) 425-8631; (800) 832-5947. ∑ www. lasvegasnewmexico.com

with its Nevada cousin (see pp94 –131), Las Vegas, New Mexico has its own highrolling past. Vegas means “meadows” in Spanish, and the town’s old Plaza was established along the lush riverfront by Spanish settlers in 1835. A lucrative trade stop on the Santa Fe Trail, Las Vegas soon became a wild frontier town. Doc Holliday, who briefly owned a saloon here, was among its legendary characters (see p55). The coming of the railroad in 1879 brought even greater prosperity, and new building took place around the station. Grand Victorian architecture still prevails and self-guided tours are available from the visitor center. Outdoor activities are pop

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HE FERTILE VALLEY OF the Rio Grande between Santa Fe and Taos is home tto eight pueblos of the 19 Native Americcan pueblos in New Mexico. Although ggeographically close, each pueblo has its Redware own government and traditions, and many pottery offer attractions to visitors. Nambe gives stunning views of the surrounding mountains, mesas, and high desert. San Idelfonso is famous for its fine pottery, while other villages produce handcrafted jewelry or rugs.

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Starting point: Tesuque Pueblo, north of Santa Fe on Hwy 84. Length: 45 miles (70 km). Local roads leading to pueblos are often dirt tracks, so allow extra time. Note: Visitors are welcome, but respect their laws and etiquette (see p278–9). n Indian Pueblo Cultural Center (505) 843-7270. ∑ www.indianpueblo.org

Puye Cliff Dwellings 6 Now deserted, this site contains over 700 rooms, complete with stone carvings, that were home to Native peoples until 1500. San Juan Pueblo 7 Declared the first capital of New Mexico in 1598 this village is

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Santa Clara Pueblo 5 This small pueblo is known for its artisans and their work. As in many pueblos, it contains a number of craft shops and small studios, often run by the Native artisans themselves.

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Nambe Pueblo 3 Set in a beautiful fertile valley, this village is bordered by a lakeside hiking trail with waterfall views and a buffalo ranch.

Pojoaque Pueblo 2 The new Peoh Cultural Center and Museum here is an excellent introduction to the pueblo way of life in these small communities. Tesuque Pueblo 1 The Tewa people here have concentrated on farming and pottery-making for centuries.

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G EORGIA O’K EEFFE

The stone façade of Chimayo Church in the Santa Fe valley

One of the 20th century’s foremost artists, Georgia O’Keeffe (1887–1986) has managed to achieve both critical and popular acclaim for her paintings, which, either as studies of single blooms or sun-washed landscapes of the Southwest, are universally loved. Wisconsinborn and raised, she studied art in Chicago and New York but fell in love with the light of New Mexico when her friend and patron, Mabel Dodge Luhan, invited her to her home in the area. O’Keeffe bought an old adobe in Abiquiu and there created the abstract paintings that brought the beauty of New Mexico to national attention. Artist Georgia O’Keeffe

Chimayo 8 Road map E3. * 2,800. n 710 Paseo de Oñate, Española (505) 7532831. M

lies 25 miles (40 km) north of Santa Fe in the Rio Grande valley. Chimayo was settled by Spanish colonists in the 1700s on the site of an Indian pueblo famous for having a healing natural spring. The site of the spring is now occupied by the Santuario de Chimayo, built by a local landowner in 1813–16 after he experienced a vision telling him to dig the foundations in earth blessed with healing powers. While digging here he found a cross that once belonged to two martyred priests, and the church became a place of

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healing pilgrimage. The chapel contains a beautiful reredos surrounding the crucifix and a tiny side-room with a pit of “the holy dirt,” which visitors are allowed to take away. Chimayo is also known for its woven blankets and rugs, which have been produced by the Ortega family for generations. Their workshop is just off the junction with Hwy 76, while farther along, Cordova and Truchas villages are also known for their fine craftwork.

Abiquiu 9 Road map E3. * 500. n Hwy 84 (505) 753-2831.

village with its sunlit dusty streets was the home of the Southwest’s most famous artist, Georgia O’Keeffe, from 1946 until her death in 1986. Her village home and studio can be toured only by reservation and bookings need

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to be made in advance on (505) 685-4539. The country around Abiquiu, with its red rocks, mesas, and corrugated slopes, is now known as O’Keeffe Country because it inspired so many of her abstract landscape paintings A few miles north of town, the fascinating Ghost Ranch, a retreat established and now run by Presbyterians, features two small but fascinating museums, which highlight local archaeology and palaeontology. Several hiking trails also start from the ranch. E Ghost Ranch HC77, Box 11, Abiquiu. § (505) 685-4333. # Museums: 9am–5pm Tue–Sat. & donation suggested.

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Chama 0 Road map E2. * 1,000. n 2372 Hwy 17, (505) 756-2235. ∑ www.chamavalley.com

the 1880s silver-mining boom, the main attraction in today’s Chama is the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad. This narrow-gauge steam train makes a spectacular 64-mile (102-km) daily trip over the Cumbres Pass and through the Toltec Gorge into Colorado, with views of the San Juan and Sangre de Cristo mountains.

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Dramatic red rock landscape near Abiquiu

Hwy 17 § (505) 756-2151; 1 (888) 286-2737. # 10am daily, late May to mid-Oct. & 7

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HE SMALL CITY of Taos is set between the dramatic peaks of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and the Rio Grande River. Like Santa Fe, it is an important Gun in the Kit center for the arts but is more boheCarson Museum mian and relaxed in style. Its plaza and the surrounding streets are lined with craft shops, cafés, and galleries, many housed in original adobe buildings. Taos Indians have lived in the area for around 1,000 years. With the arrival of the Spanish missionaries in 1598, a few settlers followed, but it was not until Don Diego de Vargas resettled the area, after the Pueblo Revolt in 1680, that the town’s present foundations were laid (see p40). In 1898, artists Ernest Blumenschein and Bert Phillips stopped in Taos to repair a broken wagon wheel, and never left. In 1915 they established the Taos Society of Artists, which still supports local artists today.

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Exploring Taos instrumental in founding the There are three parts to Taos: Taos Society of Artists in 1915. the central historic district, The Society promoted their Taos Pueblo to the north, and own work and that of other Rancho de Taos to Taos artists. The Museum is located the south (see p206). Paseo del in Pueblo Norte, the Blumenschein’s main street, leads former home, sections of which north then curves date from the west, becoming Hwy 64. It leads 11790s. Paintings by Blumenschein and to Taos Ski Valley, the Millicent his family, as well Rogers Museum, as representative Furniture displayed in the works produced and Rio Grande Blumenschein Museum Gorge Bridge. by the Taos Society of Artists, E Harwood Museum of Art hang in rooms decorated with 238 Ledoux St. § (505) 758-9826. Spanish Colonial furniture # 10 am –5pm Tue –Sat; noon –5pm and European antiques. Sun. ¢ public hols. & 7 ∑ www.harwoodmuseum.org

New Mexico’s second-oldest museum occupies a 19thcentury adobe compound run by the University of New Mexico. It provides a tranquil setting for paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, and photography. Work W by members of the original Taos Society of Artists is displayed alongside that of contemporary local artists. A collection of Hispanic works is also featured.

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Taos Plaza Taos Plaza, built by the Spanish and fortified after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, has been remodeled several times

but remains the centerpoint of the town. Its shady trees and benches make it a relaxing spot to sit and people-watch. The copper-topped bandstand was a gift from Mabel Dodge Luhan, New Mexico’s leading arts patron in the 1920s. A flag has flown continuously from the flagpole since the Civil War, when Kit Carson and a band of citizens raised the Union Flag to protect Taos from Confederate supporters. E

Kit Carson Home and Museum 113 Kit Carson Rd. § (505) 7580505. # 9am – 5pm daily (but call to check and for winter opening hours). & 7 partial.

At the age of 17, Christopher “Kit” Carson (1809–68) ran away to join a wagon train and became one of the most famous names in the West. He led a remarkable life, working as a cook and interpreter, a fur-trapping mountain man, a scout for mapping expeditions, an Indian agent, and a military officer (see p171). He purchased this house in Taos in 1843 for his 14-year-old bride, Josefa Jaramillo, and lived here for the rest of his life. Carson’s remarkable story, and the unpredictable nature of frontier life, are the focus of the Cover of a Kit museum exhib- Carson book its, which feature antique firearms, trapping equipment, photographs, and furniture. E Taos Art Museum 227 Paseo del Pueblo Norte. § (505) 758-2690. # May–Oct: 10am –5pm Wed–Sun; Nov–Apr: 10am–4pm Wed–Sun. & 7 ∑ www.taosartmuseum.org

E Blumenschein Home and Museum 222 Ledoux St. § (505) 758-0505. # 9am –5pm daily (call for winter hours). & 7 partial. ∑ www. taoshistoricmuseums.com

Ernest Blumenschein (1874– 1960), along with Bert Phillips and Joseph Henry Sharp, was

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Shops and cafés line the narrow streets around Taos Plaza

Born in Russia in 1881, Nicolai Fechin learned woodcarving from his father. He became a talented artist producing paintings, drawings, and sculpture. Fechin moved to Taos with his family in 1927 and set about restoring his adobe home with Russianinfluenced woodwork including handcrafted doors,

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map E3. * 6,000. c Greyhound, Taos Bus Center, Hwy 68. n 1139 Paseo del Pueblo Sur (505) 758-3873; (800) 732-8267. M _ Taos Film Festival (May); Yuletide in Taos (late Nov–New Year).

Handcrafted, wooden swing doors in the Fechin Institute

windows, and furniture. Today his house is the Taos Art Museum, containing examples of his work as well as that of numerous early Taos artists. E Millicent Rogers Museum Millicent Rogers Museum Rd. § (505) 758 -2462. # Apr – Oct: 10 am – 5pm daily; Nov–Mar: 10am– 5pm Tue–Sun. ¢ public hols. & 7

Beautiful heiress and arts patron, Millicent Rogers (1902– 53) moved to Taos in 1947. Fascinated by the area, she created one of the country’s best museums of Southwestern h

arts and design. Native silver and turquoise jewelry and Navajo weavings form the core of the exhibits. Also featured is the pottery of the famous Puebloan artist Maria Martinez (1887–1980), with its distinctive black-on-black style. E

Governor Bent House and Museum

117a Bent St. § (505) 758 -2376. # 10am –5pm daily (Mon–Fri in winter). &

Charles Bent became the first Anglo-American governor of New Mexico in 1846. In 1847

he was killed by Hispanic and Indian residents who resented American rule. The hole hacked in the adobe by his family as they attempted to flee can still be seen. T Today, exhibits include guns, native artifacts, and animal skins. P

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§ (505) 758-3873.

The dramatic Rio Grande Gorge Bridge, which was built in 1965, is the secondhighest suspension bridge in the country. At 650 ft (195 m) above the Rio Grande, its dizzying heights offer awesome views of the gorge and the surrounding stark, sweeping plateau.

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Road map E3. n Taos Visitor Center, 1139 Paseo de Pueblo Sur, Taos (505) 758-3873.

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3 MILES (5 km) southwest of central Taos, this separate community is centered on a peaceful plaza. Rancho de Taos is also home to the striking adobe church of San Francisco de Asis, which was built between 1710 and 1755. The church is one of the best examples of mission architecture in the Southwest and provided inspiration for many artists. It was often painted by Georgia O’Keeffe (see p203). The Hacienda Martínez is a Spanish Colonial house built in 1804 and one of the few still in existence (see p188). Its adobe walls are 2-ft (60-cm) thick and have heavy zaguan (entry) gates. Inside, 21 starkly furnished rooms surround two courtyards. The first owner, Antonio Severino Martinez, prospered through trade with Mexico and later became mayor of Taos. The merchandise he sold is displayed here.

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Restored early-19th-century kitchen at the Hacienda Martínez

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supplied only from a stream. Sights include the 1850 St. Jerome Chapel, the ruins of the earlier 1619 San Geronimo Church, and the central plaza, with its corn and chile dryingracks and adobe ovens or hornos. Several ground-floor dwellings are now craft shops. Guided tours are available but there is a fee of $5 for each camera; permission must be granted prior to photographing a resident. No cameras are permitted during ceremonial dances, although several festivals are open to visitors throughout the year.

Hwy 68, Rancho de Taos. § (505) 758-2754. # 9am – 4pm Mon –Fri. ¢ 1st two weeks Jun. 7 Ranchitos Road, Rancho de Taos. § (505) 758-0505. # 9am–5pm daily (call for winter opening hours). ¢ public holidays. &

Taos Pueblo e Road map E3. Hwy 150. n Taos Pueblo Tourism Office, P.O. Box 1846, Taos (505) 758-1028. & 8

is one of the oldest communities in the US, having been occupied continuously for around 1,000 years. Two multistory adobe communal houses, with their curved edges, sit on opposite sides of the open central “square”. Known as North House and South House, they are the largest pueblo buildings in the country and are thought to date from the early 1700s. More than 150 people live year-round at the pueblo, as their ancestors did, with no electricity, and water

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Adobe buildings at the Taos pueblo, inhabited to this day by villagers

Downhill view of one of the celebrated ski slopes at Taos

Taos Ski Valley r Road map E2. ± (505) 776-2291. 7 village only. CENTURY AGO,

Taos Ski Valley was a bustling mining camp. In 1955, Swiss-born skier Ernie Blake began developing a world-class ski resort on the northern slopes and snow bowls of Wheeler Peak, the 13,161-ft (3,950-m) summit that is the highest in New Mexico. Located 15 miles (24 km) north of Taos, it has 12 lifts and 72 runs for all abilities, but it is particularly known for its challenging expert terrain. The ski season itself generally runs from Thanksgiving to early April depending on the weather. The valley also makes a spectacular summer retreat popular with those seeking relief from the summer heat. Some 100 residents live in the village year-round.

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HE SCENERY AROUND Taos rises from high desert plateau with its sagebrush and yucca plants to the forested Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The Enchanted Circle tour follows a National Forest Scenic Byway through some of the area’s most breathtaking landscapes. Circumnavigating the highest point in New Mexico, Wheeler Peak (13,161 ft/ 3,950 m), it continues through the ruggedly beautiful Carson National Forest. Lakes and hiking trails lie off the tour, which passes through small towns and the home of English novelist D.H. Lawrence.

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D.H. Lawrence Memorial 1 Known for his innovative, erotic work, the writer’s ashes were laid to rest near the farmhouse where he lived in the 1920s

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Angel Fire 5 Winter sports are foremost here, with sleigh rides, snowmobiling, and horseback trips through the snowy landscape available at this growing resort.

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Eagle Nest 4 Growing in popularity as a base for sports trips, this small town is conveniently located and offers ski and boat rental for the nearby mountains and lakes.

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Length: 84 miles (134 km.) Starting point: North of Taos on Hwy 522, continuing east and south on Hwys 38 & 64. Getting around: While the main roads offer smooth and rapid driving, bear in mind that many sights are located on dirt tracks and minor roads.

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ALBUQUERQUE AND SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO OUTHERN NEW MEXICO is hom me

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to natural wonders such as the Carlsbad Caverns, as well as modern cities h thriving on hi-tech research industries. Albuquerque is thee state’s largest city, with an Old Town plaza and fine museums. West of here is Acoma Pueblo, the oldest continually inhabited settlement in the country. The southern third of the state is dominated by the Chihuahua

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Deserrt, which is one of the driest in the region. Despite this, the area was cultivated by Hohokam farmers for centuries. The Gila Cliff Dwellings are the last remnants of the Mogollon peoremn ple. By the 17th century Apaches occupied much of the region, whose reputation as a “Wild West” outpost stems from the 19th-century exploits of characters such as Billy the Kid.

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native peoples from 1100 to 1300 AD, Albuquerque grew up from a small colonial group of pioneers who first settled by the Rio Grande in the wake of late 16th-century Spanish explorers Chile pepper store sign of the region. In 1706, a band of 18 families won formal approval for their town from the Spanish crown by naming the city after the Spanish Duke of Alburquerque, (the first “r” in the name was later dropped). Today’s Old Town still boasts many original adobe buildings dating from the 1790s. The city’s first civic structure, the imposing San Felipe de Neri church was completed in 1793. Despite many renovations, the church retains its original adobe walls. The adjacent plaza forms the heart of the Old Town and is a pleasant open space where both locals and visitors relax on benches, surrounded by the lovely adobe buildings that house craft shops, restaurants, and museums.

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Church Street Café Said to occupy the oldest house in the city this café serves excellent New Mexican cuisine and is famous for its spicy chil San Felipe de Neri church

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. Old Town Plaza The plaza was the center of Albuquerque for over 200 years. Today, this charming square makes a pleasant rest stop for visitors strolling around the nearby streets r lined with museums and colorful stores.

Agape Pueblo Pottery This store features a selection of pueblo pottery such as this handcrafted pot from Santa Clara Pueblo.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST Road map 3E. * 580,000. k Albuquerque International Sunport, 5 miles (8 km) S. of Downtown. £ Amtrak, 214 1st St. SW. c Greyhound, 300 Second St. SW. n Albuquerque Convention Center, 401 2nd St. NW, (505) 842-9918; (800) 2842282. _ Gathering of Nations Pow-Wow (Apr); New Mexico Arts and Crafts Fair (late Jun); New Mexico State Fair (Sep); Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta (Oct). ∑ www.abqcvb.org

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. Albuquerque Museum of Art and History This full-scale model of a conquistador on horseback illustrates the kind of Spanish Colonial art and artifacts that dominate this museum’s excellent displays. There is also a delightful outdoor sculpture gallery. American International Rattlesnake Museum s Eastern diamond-back rattleak (right) is one of many species ake of rattler here. There are displays on the snake’s role in medicine, history, and Native American culture.

S TAR S IGHTS . Albuquerque Museum of Art and History . Old Town Plaza

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Exploring Albuquerque New Mexico’s largest city. It has grown to fill the valley that stretches westwards from the foothills of the Manzano and Sandia Mountains and across the banks of the Rio Grande. The coming of the railroad during the 1880s brought increasing numbers of settlers and great prosperity. The city center shifted 2 miles (3 km) east from the Old Town Plaza Modern to what is now Albuquerque’s Downtown sculpture area. Today, the city has a contemporary buzz with many of its shops, museums, and hightech industries concentrated in and around Downtown. At the eastern end of this area lies the University of New Mexico with its collection of museums and galleries.

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Exploring Albuquerque The best way to see the city is by car. The major sights here are all located near highway exits, which are surprisingly close to areas of historic and architectural interest such as the Old Town. Two Interstate highways cross the center of Albuquerque, Highway 25 travels north to south across Downtown, while Highway 40 cuts west to east running just north of Downtown and close by the university campus.

San Felipe de Neri Church lies at the north end of Old Town Plaza

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O Albuquerque BioPark 2601 Central Ave. NW. § (505) 764-6200. # 9am –5pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7 ∑ www.cabq.gov/biopark

The park encompasses the Albuquerque Aquarium and the Rio Grande Botanic Garden. The Rio Grande Zoological Park is located nearby. The botanic garden occupies ten acres (4 ha) of woodland along the Rio Grande. The aquarium focuses on the marine life of the Rio Grande (see p200) and features a fascinating walkthrough eel cave containing moray eels. There is also an impressive 285,000-gallon (627,000-liter), floor-toceiling shark tank.

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Turquoise Museum 2107 Central Ave. NW. § (505) 247-8650. # 9:30am 5pm Mon–Fri, 9:30am–4pm Sat. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7

The fascinating displays in this museum help visitors to judge the quality of turquoise gemstones. The entrance is a replica mine tunnel that leads to the “vault,” which contains an unsurpassed collection of rare and varied turquoise specimens from more than fifty mines around the world.

Glasshouse at Rio Grande Botanic Garden, Albuquerque BioPark

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New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 1801 Mountain Rd. NW. § (5 841-2800. # 9am –5pm daily. ¢ Jan & Sep: Mon; public hols. & 7 ∑ www.nmnaturalhistory.org

This museum has a series of interactive exhibits. Visitors can stand inside a simulated volcano or explore an ice cave. The “Evolator” is a sixminute ride through 38 million years of the region’s evolution using the latest

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video technology. Replica dinosaurs, a state-of-the-art planetarium, and a largescreen film theater are all highly popular with children. E Albuquerque Museum of Art and History 2000 Mountain Rd. NW. § (505) 2424600. # 9am –5pm Tue –Sun. ¢ public hols. 7 ∑ www.cabq.gov/ museum

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This excellent museum depicts four centuries of history in the middle of Rio Grande Valley. The well-chosen Spanish Colonial artifacts (see p39) are expertly arranged and include a reconstructed 18th-century house and chapel. From March to December, walking tours of the Old Town leave from the museum. E

American International Rattlesnake Museum 02 San Felipe Ave. N. § (505) 242569. # 10am–6pm Mon–Sat Dec–Mar:11:30am–5:30pm), 1–5pm un. ¢ public hols. & 7 ∑ www.rattlesnakes.com

his animal conservation museum explains the lifecycles and ecological

Colorful tiles decorate the Art Deco-style façade of the KiMo Theater

importance of some of Earth’s most misunderstood creatures. It contains the world’s largest collection of live rattlesnakes, including natives of North, Central, and South America. The snakes are displayed in glass tanks that simulate their natural habitat as closely as possible, and are accompanied by explanatory notices suitable for both adults and children. The museum also features other much-maligned venomous animals, including a Gila monster lizard, tarantulas, and scorpions.

903, 10th St. SW. § (505) 764-6200. # 9am–5pm daily (summer: 6pm Sat, Sun). ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7

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Built in 1927, the KiMo Theater was one of many entertainment venues constructed in the city during the 1920s and 1930s. The theater’s design was inspired by that of the nearby Native American pueblos, and created a fusion of Pueblo Revival and Art Deco styles. Today, the KiMo Theater presents an eclectic range of musical and theatrical performances. O Rio Grande Zoological Park

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Albuquerque BioPark 1 Albuquerque Museum of Art and History 4 American International Rattlesnake Museum 5 Explora! Science Center and Children’s Museum 6 KiMo Theater 7 New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 3 Rio Grande Zoological Park 8 Turquoise Museum 2

The Rio Grande Zoo forms part of the Albuquerque BioPark. The zoo is noted for its imaginative layout with enclosures designed to simulate the animals’ natural habitats, including the African savanna. Among the most popular species here are lowland gorillas and white Bengal tigers. E Explora! Science Center and Children’s Museum 1701 Mountain Rd NW. § (505) 2248300. # 10am–6pm Mon–Sat, noon–6pm Sun. ¢ public hols. & 7 ∑ www.explora.mus.nm.us

Explora’s kids-oriented science center is enjoyable for adults and children alike with its many interactive exhibits, such as stepping inside a soap bubble. In the Children’s Museum, youngsters can look through kaleidoscopes, build wind cars, or practice weaving.

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Indian Pueblo Cultural Center cultural center is run by the 19 Indian Pueblos that lie along the Rio Grande around Albuquerque and Santa Fe. The complex history and varied culture of the Puebloan peoples is traced here through their oral history and is presented from their viewpoint. The building is designed to resemble the layout of a pueblo dwelling, and is set around a large central courtyard. The center also contains a restaurant serving Pueblo Indian cooking, and an excellent group of gift shops offering high-quality pottery, jewelry, and other crafts from each pueblo.

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Two female Puebloan dancers in front of a mural in the central courtyard

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Puebloan Central Courtyard Red adobe walls decorated with murals and hung with chiles emulate the layout of a Pueblo dwelling. Each weekend exuberant dance performances are held here.

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Arts and Crafts Exhibition A flower and leaf motif, colored with bold strokes of black and orange on yellow, are typical of the kind of pottery found in some villages today.

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V ISITORS ’ C HECKLIST 2401 12th St. NW. § (505) 8437270. @ # daily. ¢ Major holidays. & 7 8 0 = ∑ www.indianpueblo.org

Courtyard Mural Painted by Jemez Pueblo artist Jose Rey Toledo in 1979, this mural shows the turtle rain dance. m e

Museum entrance

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. Museum This wooden baby carrier from Taos Pueblo is one of many artifacts, from ancient to modern, that highlight Puebloan cultural life.

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n 2401 Redondo. § (505) 2771989. ∑ www.unm.edu

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energy (see pp186 –7). The central focus here remains the story of the bomb, and artifacts range from Einstein’s letter to President Roosevelt suggesting the possibility of an atomic bomb, to the casings of the bombs themselves.

The campus of New Mexico’s largest university is known for its Pueblo Revival style architecture (see p23) and its museums. The University T Petroglyph National Art Museum contains one of Monument the largest fine arts collection n 4735 Unser Blvd. NW. § (505) in the state, including Old 899-0205. # 8am–5pm daily. Master paintings, sculpture, ¢ public hols. & 7 limited. and other works from the ∑ www.nps.gov/petr 17th to the 20th centuries. This site lies on the western The Maxwell Museum of outskirts of Albuquerque. The Anthropology is considered one of the finest of its kind in area was established in 1990 to the US. It emphasizes the cul- preserve nearly 20,000 images carved into rock ture of the Southalong the 17-mile west, with an (27-km) West important colMesa escarpment. lection of art The earliest petroand artifacts. There are Horse at Museum glyphs date back also traveling exhibits of Anthropology to 1,000 BC, but on regional and interthe most prolific national themes, as well period is thought to be as a permanent exhibition between 1300 and 1680. The entitled “Ancestors” which pictures from this time range traces human development. from human figures such as E University Art Museum musicians and dancers to § (505) 277- 4001. # 9am – animals, including snakes, 4pm Tue – Fri, 5–8pm Tue, 1– 4pm birds, and insects. Spirals and Sun. ¢ university holidays. 7 other geometric symbols are E Maxwell Museum of common, as are hands, feet, Anthropology and animal tracks. Though § (505) 277- 4405. # 9am – 4pm the meaning of many Tue–Fri, 10am– 4pm Sat. 7 petroglyphs has been lost over time, others have great E National Atomic Museum cultural significance to today’s 1905 Mountain Rd. NW. § (505) 245- Puebloan population. 2137. # daily. ¢ public hols. & 7 Hundreds of petroglyphs ∑ www.atomicmuseum.com are accessible along Boca This museum recently relocat- Negra Canyon, 2 miles (3 km) ed from Kirkland Air Force north of the park visitor Base to near Old Town center, where three selfAlbuquerque. Its displays are guided trails, lasting from 5 to devoted to the history of 35 minutes, wind past them. nuclear weapons and atomic Do not touch the petroglyphs.

Animal petroglyphs in Petroglyph National Monument

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Sandia Peak tram rising over pine forest and mountains near Albuquerque

Sandia Peak Tramway 2 10 Tramway Loop N.E. § (505) 8567325. # May–early Sep: 9am–9pm daily; late Sep–Apr: 9am–8pm Wed– Mon, 5–8pm Tue. ¢ 2 weeks spring & fall for maintencance. & 7 ∑ www.sandiapeak.com

Tramway is a breathtaking ride from the foothills at the northeastern edge of Albuquerque to Sandia Peak at 10,378 ft (3,113 m). The tram was constructed in the mid-1960s, and transports tourists from the outskirts of the city to the summit’s viewing platform. The ride lasts 15 minutes and passes through low desert to ponderosa pine forests and rugged mountains. The summit offers outstanding panoramic views of Albuquerque and surrounding countryside.

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explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado is believed to have been here in 1540 on a quest to find Cibola, the fabled seven cities of gold (see p39). Nearby Sandia Pueblo is home to around 300 people. Their festival on San Antonio’s Day in June features tribal dancing (see p33). E NVIRONS : Around 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Bernalillo, Zia Pueblo is famous for its redware pottery. Visitors are welcome to buy the pottery and watercolors made in this small community. T

Coronado State Monument State Highway 44, 1 mile west of I-25. § (505) 867-5351. # 8:30am–5pm Wed–Mon. ¢ Jan 1, Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7

The Turquoise Trail 4 n PO Box 1335, Cedar Crest (505) 281-5233. ∑ www.turquoisetrail.org

Highway 14, known as the Turquoise Trail, runs for 52 miles (84 km) between Albuquerque and Santa Fe. Passing through the spectacular countryside of the Sandia Mountains and Cibola National Forest, it takes in the old mining towns of Golden, Madrid, and Cerillos. Golden is the first stop in a northward direction. It is a small ghost town with ruined buildings, and an atmospheric adobe mission church, which dates back to 1830. Madrid was a busy coalmining town in the early 20th century. Its ramshackle houses

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Bernalillo 3 * 6,000 n PO Box 638 (505) 8678687. M ∑ www.sandovalcounty.org

community of Bernalillo was settled by Spanish colonists in 1698. Here, against a striking backdrop on the banks of the Rio Grande, is the Coronado State Monument, which encompasses the partially restored ruins of the Kuaua pueblo. Spanish

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The interior of the Trading Post store at Cerillos

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are now full of artists and New Age entrepreneurs, and there are more than 20 galleries, craft, and antique shops. The Old Coal Mine Museum in town displays a variety of old locomotives, vintage vehicles, buildings, and mining gear, and organizes the staging of Victorian melodramas in the nearby Engine House Theater. Tiny Cerillos has a 2,000-year history of mining turquoise, gold, copper, and coal. Today, its sleepy streets attract browsing tourists who particularly enjoy the fine Casa Grande Trading Post with its turquoise mining museum, rock and gift shop, and petting zoo. E Old Coal Mine Museum 2846 Hwy 14, Madrid. § (505) 4383780. # 9:30am–5:30pm daily (Fri– Sun in winter). & 7 P Casa Grande Trading

Post Cerillos. § (505) 438-3008. & 7

Acoma Pueblo 5 Rte 23, off I-40. # Year-round. ¢ Some pueblo festivals. & 7 partial. 8 obligatory. n Acoma Tourist Center (505) 469-1052. # Apr–Oct: 8am– 6pm daily; Nov–Mar: 8am–4:30pm daily. ∑ www.skycitytourism.com

beauty of Acoma Pueblo’s setting on the top of a 357-ft- (107-m-) high mesa, has earned it the sobriquet “Sky City.” Looking out over a stunning panorama of distant mountains, mesas, and plains, its high position afforded the Puebloan people natural defense against enemies and helped delay submission to Spanish rule. Acoma is

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Centuries-old houses at the Acoma Pueblo on a high plateau

one of the oldest continuously inhabited towns in the US, occupied since before the 12th century (see p39). Today, just 30 people live on the 70-acre (40-ha) mesa top year round; 6,000 others from local towns return to their ancestral home for festivals and celebrations. As well as original pueblo buildings, the village features the 1629 mission church, San Esteben del Rey. There are also seven ceremonial kivas (see p161). Acoma can be visited only on a guided tour, where expert guides explain its rich history.

El Morro National Monument 7 § (505) 783-4226. # Visitor center: Oct–May: 9am–5pm, Jun–Sep: 8am–7pm; Hiking Trail: Oct–Apr: 9am–4pm; May–Sep: 8am–6pm. ¢ Dec 25, Jan 1. & 7 8 M ∑ www.nps.gov/elmo

from the surrounding plain, El Morro is a long sandstone cliff that slopes gently upward to a high bluff, where it suddenly drops off. Its centerpiece is the 200-ft- (60-m-) tall Inscription Rock, which is covered with more than 300 petroglyphs and pictographs from early 6 pueblo people, as well as some 2,000 inscriptions left by Span* 8,600. n 100 N. Iron Street. ish and Anglo travelers. For (800) 748-2142. M centuries, people were drawn ∑ www.grants.org to this remote spot by a pool ETWEEN THE 1950s and the of fresh water, formed by run1980s, Grants was famous off and snowmelt, beneath as a center for uranium mining. the bluff. Here they carved Yellow rocks of the mineral their initials into the rock. were found by Navajo Among the farmer Paddy Martinez signatures is that of the on top of Haystack Spanish colonizer Don Mountain, 10 miles (16 Juan de Oñate (see p39), km) from town in 1951. who, in 1605, wrote The industry has “pasó por aquí,” now declined but meaning “passed visitors can relive its by here.” An easy heyday at the New half-mile (1-km) trail Mexico Mining leads past the pool and Handcrafted Museum – tours go the inscriptions on pot from Zuni the rock. underground to see a re-created mine. Grants is well-placed along E NVIRONS : The people of Hwy 40/Route 66 for exploring the Zuni Pueblo, 32 miles the sights in the area, such as (50 km) west of El Morro, are descendants of the early mesa the badlands of El Malpais dwellers of the region. Today, National Monument. Zuni artists are known for E New Mexico Mining their fine pottery and shell mosaic jewelry. Murals Museum 100 N. Iron Street. § (505) 287depicting Zuni history can be 4802. # 9am–4pm Mon–Sat. seen in the pueblo’s 17th¢ public hols. & 7 century mission church.

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An old mining cottage in Madrid, midway on the Turquoise Trail

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outdoor activities, including such water sports as fishing, boating, and windsurfing. E

Geronimo Springs Museum 211 Main St. § (505) 894- 6600. # 9am – 5pm Mon–Sat. ¢ Sun; public hols. & 7 O Elephant Butte Lake

State Park Off I-25. § (505) 744 -5421. # 24 hours. Visitor center # 7:30am–4pm daily. & 7 M

Façade of San Miguel Mission in Socorro

Socorro 8 Road map E4. * 10,000. n 101 Plaza (505) 835-0424. ∑ www.socorro-nm.com OCORRO, MEANING

“aid” in Spanish, was named by explorer Juan de Oñate in 1598 when his party received help from the people of the Pilabo Pueblo, which once stood here. The area was resettled in the early 1800s, and it was during the silver boom of the 1880s that many of the town’s delightful Victorian buildings were constructed, including those surrounding the plaza. Just north of here is the 1821 San Miguel Mission, featuring massive adobe walls, supported by curved arches.

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E NVIRONS : The Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, a renowned birdwatching area, lies 18 miles (32 km) south of Socorro. It attracts thousands of migrating snow geese, and sandhill and whooping cranes in winter. O

Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge

Hwy 1. § (505) 835-1828. # daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25, Jan 1. 7

Truth or Consequences 9 Road map E4. * 7,000. n 211 Main St. (505) 894-1968. M

as “T-or-C,” this town changed its name from Hot Springs to Truth or Consequences for the 10th anniversary of the game

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show of the same name, held here in 1950. The original hot springs still exist in the form of bath houses dotted around the town. For centuries the thermal springs had drawn Native Americans to the area, notably the famous Geronimo (see p42). The Geronimo Springs Museum has displays on local history, including a life-sized statue of the Apache warrior. Visitors can sample the waters in a channel of the bubbling springs. The town center has an old-fashioned charm enhanced by such places as Joe’s Barber Shop and the Hot Springs Bakery. Truth or Consequences is a popular summer resort as it is close to both the Elephant Butte Lake and the Caballo Lake State Parks. These are famous for a wide range of

Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument 0 Road map D4. § (505) 536-9461. # late May– early Sep: 8am – 6pm daily; mid-Sep – mid-May: 9am – 4pm daily. ¢ Dec 25, Jan 1. & ∑ www.nps.gov/gicl

(pronounced hee-la) Cliff Dwellings are one of the most remote archaeological sites in the Southwest, h situated among the piñon, juniper, and ponderosa evergreens of the Gila National Forest. The dwellings occupy five natural caves in the side of a sandstone bluff high above the Gila River. Hunter-gatherers and farmers called the Tularosa Mogollon established their 40room village here in the late 13th century. The Mimbres

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C HILE P EPPERS The chile pepper is a potent symbol of New Mexico. Chiles were first brought to the region by Spanish colonists in 1598, and flourished in the hot, dry climate. Today, some 30,000 acres (12,000 ha) are devoted to growing many varieties of the crop, including the chipotle, poblano, New Mexico (or NuMex), and jalapeño peppers. New Mexican cooking is dominated by the chile, either fresh (green) or dried (red). The center of the chile-growing industry is the town of Hatch, which Wreath of red dried chiles holds a chile festival every September on Labor Day Weekend W (see p34). The chile has a reputation as a cure for a range of health problems. In the 18th century, it was used to relieve the toothache. Today, capsaicin, the chemical that gives chile its heat, is added to ointments for muscle and joint pain. The chile’s high vitamin C content (a large green chile contains as much as an orange), is believed to help prevent colds and flu.

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One of the entrances to the Gila Cliff Dwellings, situated high above the Gila River

Mogollon people, famous for their abstract black-and-white pottery designs, also lived in this area (see p38). The ruins are accessed by a one-mile (1.6-km) roundtrip hike from the footbridge crossing the Gila River’s West Fork. Allow two hours to drive to the site from Silver City as the road winds and climbs through mountains and canyons.

Silver City q Road map D5. * 12,000. c n Chamber of Commerce, 201 N. Hudson St. (800) 548-9378. M ∑ www.silvercity.org

suggests, Silver City was a mining town. Located in the foothills of the Pinos Altos Mountains, the town’s ornate Victorian architecture dates from its boom period between 1870 and the 1890s. In 1895, a flood washed away Silver City’s main street, and in its place today is Big Ditch Park, an arroyo (or waterway) running 50-ft(15-m-) deep through the town. This area was the site of the cabin where Billy the Kid (see p225) spent much of his youth. Silver City has three defined historic districts – Chihuahua Hill, Gospel Hill, and the old business district – all containing buildings that evoke the town’s Wild West boom-town past.

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The Silver City Museum is found in the beautiful 1881 H.B. Ailman House, and contains frontier-era memorabilia, while the Western New Mexico University Museum holds the Southwest’s largest collection of Mimbres pottery. Silver City is a good base for exploring the surrounding region. The nearby forest is home to elk, deer, and bear, and there are several hiking trails and picnic areas.

Deming w Road map D5. * 14,500. £ c n 800 E. Pine St. (505) 546-2674; (800) 848-4955. M ∑ www.demingchamber.com

University Museum

HE TOWN of Deming lies 60 miles (96 km) west of Las Cruces. The Deming Luna Mimbres Museum contains excellent pieces of Mimbres pottery, frontier artifacts, and a fine gem and mineral display. Rockhounding (amateur rock and mineral collecting) takes place in Rockhound State Park where jasper, agate and other minerals can be found. The town is also known for its Great American Duck Race, run every August (see p33).

1000 W. College Ave. § (505) 5386386. # 9am – 4:30pm Mon –Fri; 10am –4pm Sat & Sun. ¢ public hols. & donation. 7

O Rockhound State Park Highway 143. § (505) 546-6182. # 9am –4pm daily. & 7

E Silver City Museum 312 W. Broadway St. § (505) 5385921. # 9am – 4:30pm Tue –Fri; 10am– 4pm Sat & Sun. ¢ public hols. 7 ∑ www.silvercitymuseum.org E Western New Mexico

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Glimmering white dunes of gypsum granules at White Sands National Monument

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of New Mexico came under American rule. However, with the Gadsden purchase of 1854 (see p41), Mesilla became part of the United States. Today, Mesilla exudes the atmosphere of a late-19thcentury frontier town, especially around the historic plaza. It was here, in Mesilla’s former courthouse, that Billy the Kid (see p225) was sentenced to hang in 1881. The Gadsden Museum contains exhibits on local history and cultures. Remains of the 1865 Fort Selden in Mesilla Valley

Fort Selden State Monument e

always been a crossroads – of frontier trails, of the railroads, and now two Interstate Highways (10 and 25). Today, it is Road map E5. § (505) 526-8911. New Mexico’s second largest # 8:30am–5pm Wed–Mon. & 7 city and a busy manufacturing UILT IN 1865, this adobe and farming center, as well as fort was built to protect being the home of New settlers and railroad construcMexico State University. tion crews in the Mesilla While the town is best used Valley from attacks by Apaches as a base for exploring the region, there are a number and outlaws. Its buildings, of interesting museums here. now in ruins, once housed They include the four companies of the 125th Infantry, a black infantry unit Branigan Cultural known as the Buffalo Complex, which Soldiers. Douglas houses a Cultural Center with a historical MacArthur, who was to command Allied troops museum and fine arts in the Pacific during museum. Tours can be World War II, lived arranged here of the here for two years as a nearby Bicentennial Log Cabin, a late 19thboy in the 1880s when his father was century pioneer house post commander. The of hand-hewn timber furnished with period fort was abandoned Sentinel statue at in 1891 when it was antiques and artifacts. Fort Selden no longer needed. E Branigan Today, rangers Cultural Complex dressed in period uniforms Downtown Mall, 500 N. Water St. demonstrate the life of the § (505) 541- 2155. # Cultural 19th-century soldier. There Center: 10am – 4pm Mon – Fri, are also exhibits on frontier 9am –1pm Sat; Fine Arts Museum: life in the visitor center.

E Gadsden Museum Hwy 28 & Boutz Rd. § (505) 5266293. # 9 –11am & 1– 5pm Mon– Sat, 1–5pm Sun. ¢ public hols. & 7

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Las Cruces r Road map E5. * 78,000. n 211 N. Water St. (800) 343-7827. ∑ www.lascrucescvb.org

at the foot of the rugged Organ Mountains, Las Cruces, or The Crosses, was named for the graves of early settlers ambushed here by the Apache in 1787 and again in 1830. It has

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10am–2pm Tue–Fri, 9am–1pm Sat. ¢ public hols. 7

Mesilla t Road map E5. * 2,000. n 211 N. Water St. (800) 343-7827. ∑ www.oldmesilla.org

historic town was established in 1850 by a group of residents who preferred to remain in Mexican territory, when most

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Billy the Kid gift shop in the 19th-century town of Mesilla

El Paso y Road map E5. * 700,000. k £ c n 1 Civic Center Plaza (915) 534- 0600; (800) 351- 6024. ∑ www.visitelpaso.com ARGE AND SPRAWLING,

El Paso, Texas, is a key entry point to New Mexico and the Southwest. Facing El Paso on the other side of the Rio Grande is its Mexican sister town of Ciudad Juárez. They share the border, which was established in 1963 after disputes concerning the Rio Grande had been resolved. From the city, Interstate I-10 travels north to Las Cruces and west across southern Arizona. The Amtrak train Sunset Limited stops at El Paso (see p288) three times a week. The Spanish named their early settlement here El Paso del Norte (Northern Pass) in

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The 1692 Socorro Mission on El Paso’s Mission Trail

the late 16th century. It was a stopping place on the famous King’s Highway (Camino Real, see p25), which linked Mexico to Spain’s northern territories. The city’s history as a major hub is reflected today in its typically Southwestern mix of Native American, Hispanic, and European cultures. El Paso has a series of outstanding mission churches, including the Ysleta and the Socorro, both dating from 1692, while the lovely Chapel San Elizario was built in 1789. Mission Socorro combines Native and Spanish styles, with vigas (wooden ceiling beams). Major renovations were carried out in 2003. El Paso’s western heritage is further reflected in its links with the famous outlaw Billy the Kid (see p225), who visited the town in 1876 to get his

partner out of jail. Today, El Paso is a center for Western wear, with many stores selling cowboy boots and hats. P Mission Socorro § (915) 534- 0677. # limited; call in advance. & 7 8 obligatory.

White Sands National Monument u Road map E4. § (505) 679-2599. # 8am–5pm daily. ¢ Dec 25. & 7 8 ∑ www.nps.gov/whsa

dunes of the White Sands National Monument rise up from the Tularosa Basin at the northern end of the Chihuahuan Desert. It is the world’s largest gypsum dune field, covering around

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300 sq miles (800 sq km). Gypsum is a water soluble mineral, rarely found as sand. But here, with no drainage outlet to the sea, the sediment washed by the rain into the basin becomes trapped. As the rain evaporates, dry lakes form and strong winds blow the gypsum up into the vast fields of rippling dunes. Visitors can explore White Sands by car on the Dunes Drive, a 16-mile (26-km) loop. Four clearly marked trails lead from points along the way, including the wheelchair-accessible Interdune Boardwalk. Year-round ranger-led walks introduce visitors to the dunes’ flora and fauna. Only plants that grow quickly enough not to be buried survive, such as the soaptree yucca. Most of the animals are nocturnal, and include coyotes, and porcupines. The park is surrounded by the White Sands Missile Range. For safety, the park and the road leading to it (Hwy 70) may close for up to two hours when testing is underway. The White Sands Missile Range Museum displays many of the missiles tested here. E

White Sands Missile Range Museum US 70, 25 m (40 km) E. of Las Cruces. § (505) 678-2250. # 8am– 4pm Mon–Fri, 10am–3pm Sat & Sun. ¢ public hols. 7 ∑ www.wsmrhistory.org

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Colorful shops along Ruidoso’s attractive main street

Alamogordo i Road map E4. * 35,000. ~ n 1301 N. White Sands Blvd. (505) 437-6120; (800) 826-0294. ∑ www.alamogordo.com

in space to repair the Hubble Space Telescope. Another simulator offers the chance to land the space shuttle. The Space Hall also includes the IMAX™ Dome, a large screen theater.

established as a railroad town in 1898 E New Mexico Museum of Space History by two New York entreprenHwy 2001. § (505) 437-2840; (877) eurs, Charles and John Eddy. 333-6589. # 9am–5pm daily. & 7 Its wide streets are lined with cottonwood trees, which reflect its origins and are at the root o of its name – Alamogordo means “fat cottonwood” n in Spanish. Located at the foot of Road map E4. * 750. the Sacramento Mountains, the n Cloudcroft Chamber of Commerce, Hwy 82 (505) 682-2733. M town was a sleepy backwater ∑ www.cloudcroft.net until World War II, when construction of the nearby HolloHE PICTURESQUE mountain man Air Force Base sparked town of Cloudcroft was its development as a major established in 1898 as a center defense research center. for the lumber trade. Perched The town is only 13 miles at 8,650 ft (2,600 m) in the (21 km) from White Sands Sacramento Mountains, National Monument (see the village soon became a p223) and offers many favorite vacation spot for opportunities for such those escaping the summer outdoor activities as heat of the valley below. hiking, biking, and golf, Cloudcroft remains a particularly in the popular resort, with its Lincoln National Forest summer population on Alamogordo’s eastmore than doubling the ern border. In town, the New Mexico Museum number of year-round of Space History, is a residents. Burro Avenue, running parallel to the fascinating museum main highway, looks housed in a goldenmuch as it did at the turn glass, cube-shaped of the 20th century with building. The museum its rustic timber buildfocuses on the history ings (many are quaint of the space race, with gift shops). Surrounded exhibits detailing living by Lincoln National conditions inside a Forest, the town space station, a fulloffers many outdoor size replica of sports – mountain Sputnik, the first space satellite, and Launch vehicle at the biking, hunting, fishSpace Hall of Fame ing, skiing, and golf. a simulated walk

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Ruidoso p Road map E4. * 7,000. n 720 Sudderth Dr. (505) 257-7395. M ∑ www.ruidoso.net

the Sacramento Mountains, surrounded by cool pine forest, Ruidoso is one of New Mexico’s fastest growing resorts. Sudderth Drive is the long main street lined with shops, art galleries, cafés, and restaurants. Here, specialty shops sell everything from candles to cowboy boots. Outdoor activities are the area’s major attraction, with hiking, horseback riding, and fishing. There are several golf courses including the Links at Sierra Blanca, a top-rated 18-hole course. Northwest of the town is Ski Apache. Owned and operated by the Mescalero Apache Tribe, it is famous for its warm-weather powder snow. The town is best known for horse racing. Quarter horse (fast over a quarter of a mile) and thoroughbred racing at Ruidoso Downs Racetrack. The track hosts the All-American Futurity, held every Labor Day (the first Monday in September). The world’s richest quarter horse race, it has prize money in excess of $2 million. The Ruidoso Downs Race Horse Hall of Fame is located in the Hubbard Museum of the American West. This museum contains Western memorabilia, the heart of which is a collection of more than 10,000 pieces assembled by a wealthy New Jersey horsewoman, Anne Stradling

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When he died, Billy the Kid was one of the Old West’s most notorious outlaws. Born Henry McCarty in 1859, it is believed he changed his name to William Bonney in 1877, when he killed his first victim in Arizona. Billy fled to Lincoln, where he was hired by John Tunstall and Alexander McSween, who had set up a store competing with one run by Lawrence Murphy and James Dolan. In February 1878, when Dolan’s men murdered Tunstall, Billy helped to form the Regulators, who set out to get justice. The Lincoln County War followed, culminating with a violent battle in July. Billy escaped, but was captured by Sheriff Pat Garrett two years later and returned to Lincoln to be hung. Once again, however, he escaped. Billy was eventually shot, by Garrett, at Fort Sumner on July 14, 1881. In spite of his violent life, Billy was a local hero. His story and deeds are memorialized in the little town of Lincoln. Wild West outlaw, Billy the Kid

(1913–92). Formerly known as the Museum of the Horse, its artifacts range from fine art to horse-drawn carriages. Outside is the fabulous Free Spirits at Noisy Water (1995), a monument of seven largerthan-life-sized horses by local artist Dave McGary (b.1958). Every October, the town celebrates life in the Old West with the Lincoln County Cowboy Symposium, which features country music and dancing, celebrity roping, and a chuck wagon cook-off. Set on a high mesa a few miles north at Alto is the Spencer Theater for the Performing Arts, a state-ofthe-art venue for theater, music, and dance. Built by

Albuquerque architect Antoine Predock in 1997, this sandstone building has a spectacular mountain backdrop. I Links at Sierra Blanca 105 Sierra Blanca Dr. § (505) 2585330. W Ski Apache § (505) 336-4356.

Ruidoso Downs Racetrack Hwy 70. § (505) 378-4431. # May– early Sep. & 7 E Hubbard Museum of

the American West 841 Hwy 70 West. § (505) 3784142. # 9am –5pm daily. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. & 7 F Spencer Theater for the

Performing Arts 108 Spencer Rd. § (505) 336-4800; (888) 818-7872. & 7

One of the historic buildings along Lincoln’s main street

Lincoln a Road map E4. * 100. n Hwy 380E Lincoln. (505) 653-4025. # 8:30am –4:30pm daily. ¢ public hols. & 7 ∑ www.hubbardmuseum.com

of this small town, surrounded by the beautiful countryside of the Capitan Mountains, belies its violent past. It was the center of the 1878 Lincoln County War, a battle between rival ranchers and merchants involving the legendary Billy the Kid. In those days, Lincoln County covered one-quarter of the state, and Lincoln itself was the county seat. Lincoln is now a state monument, with 11 buildings kept as they were in the late 1800s. At the Lincoln County Courthouse you can see where Billy the Kid was held, and the bullet hole in the wall from his escape. Tunstall Store has its shelves stocked with original 19th-century merchandise. The Historic Lincoln Visitor Center & Museum has displays on the Apache people, the early Hispanic settlers, and the Buffalo Soldiers all-black regiment from Fort Stanton, as well as the Lincoln County War.

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The bronze monument, Free Spirits at Noisy Water (1995), at the Hubbard Museum of the American West

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Carlsbad Caverns National Park southeastern corner of New Mexico, Carlsbad Caverns National Park protects one of the world’s largest cave systems. Geological forces carved out this complex of chambers, and their decorations began to be formed around 500,000 years ago when dripping water deposited drops of the crystalized mineral calcite. Native pictographs near the Natural Entrance indicate that they had been visited by Native peoples, but it was cowboy Jim White who brought them to national attention, after exploring them in 1901. The caverns were made a national park in 1930, and a United Nations World Heritage Site in 1995, one of 20 in the US.

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Underground Lunchroom A paved section of the cavern is home to a popular underground diner, a kitsch souvenir store, and restrooms. Natural Entrance

Visitor Information Center

King’s Palace Tour This tour takes in the deepest cave open to the public, 830 ft (250 m) below ground. e

The Boneyard is a complex maze of dissolved limestone rock.

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Doll’s Theater This small cave is named for its size. The Doll’s Theater resembles a fairy grotto, filled with fine, luminous soda-straw formations.

The Big Room A self-guided tour takes in the 14-acre (5.6-ha) Big Room and passes features such as the Bottomless Pit.

Rock of Ages Bottomless Pit

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Road map F4. * 50,000. n 426 N. Main St. (505) 624-7704. # 8:30am–5:30pm Mon–Fri, 10am–3pm Sat & Sun. ∑ www.roswellcvb.com

Road map F5. 3225 National Parks Hwy, Carlsbad. § (505) 7852232; (800) 967-2283 (tour reservations). ~ to Carlsbad. c to White’s City. # May –Aug: 8:30– 5pm daily; Sep – mid-May: 8:30– 3:30pm (Natural Entrance) call for last entry times. ¢ Dec 25. & 7 partial. 8 ∑ www.nps.gov/cave

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Butterfly and lobelia flowers, Living Desert State Park

Carlsbad d Road map F5. * 25,000. n 302 S. Canal St. (505) 887-6516; (800) 221-1224. M ∑ www. chamber.caverns.com

Bat Cave Most summer evenings at dusk clouds of freetailed bats emerge from the bat cave to cross the desert in search of food.

Doll’s Theater

ranching town, Roswell is now a byword for aliens and UFOs, due to the Roswell Incident. The International UFO Museum and Research Center is devoted to the serious investigation of visitors from outer space and features an extensive collection of newspaper clippings, photographs, and maps of the crash site. A 70-minute film contains over 400 interviews with people connected to the crash. Roswell’s highly respected Museum and Art Center houses a collection of 2,000 artifacts on the history of the American West. The fascinating Robert H. Goddard Collection details 11 years of his experiments (see p187).

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Carlsbad is located just 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Carlsbad Caverns National Park. There are plenty of hotels as well as Roswell’s Alien opportunities for Zone symbol E International UFO outdoor activities. Museum and (White’s City also has Research Center accommodations; see p245.) 114 N. Main St. § (505) 625-9495. The Pecos River winds through town, there are three # daily. 7 ∑ www.iufomrc.org E Roswell Museum and Art lakes, and fishing, boating, Center and water-skiing are popular pastimes. At the northern edge 100 W. 11th St. § (505) 624-6744. # 9am –5pm Mon –Sat; 1–5pm of town, the Living Desert Sun and public hols. ¢ Jan 1, State Park has exhibits focusThanksgiving, Dec 25. 7 ing on the ecology of the Chihuahuan Desert (see p20). ∑ www.roswellmuseum.org

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Painted Grotto 0 meters 0 yards

T OURS Big Room route Natural Entrance route King’s Palace tour (Ranger guided only)

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Near midnight on July 4, 1947 an unidentified airborne object crash-landed during a storm in the Capitan Mountains, 75 miles (120 km) northwest of town. Jim Ragsdale was camping nearby and claims to have seen a flash and a craft, 20 ft (6 m) in diameter, hurtling through the trees and the bodies of four “little people,” with skin like snakeskin. However, Ragsdale did not tell his story until 1995. The US Airforce issued a statement that a flying saucer had been recovered, and the story spread around the world. By July 9, however, they said it was just a weather balloon. Witnesses were allegedly sworn to secrecy, fuelling rumors of a cover-up and alien conspiracy theories to this day. Officers examine “alien” material

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SOUTHWEST has a long riding. Across the range, all are history of hospitality that is likely to offer private bathrooms reflected in the wide variety and clean, comfortable rooms. Las of accommodations on offer to the Vegas hotels are noted for their visitor. Whether luxurious five-star themes and size and have widely resorts or simple rustic lodges varying prices, depending on suit your budget, there is a occupation and whether you wealth of options. You can wish to stay mid-week or on choose modern hotels, historic weekends. Across the rest of the or cozy bed and breakfasts, Weatherford Hotel region prices also tend to vary convenient motels, or fully sign in Flagstaff according to the season. The equipped apartments. For those listings provided on pages seeking Western-style adventure, there 232– 45 recommend more than 200 are dude ranches, many of which are places in all price ranges, each luxurious lodgings with horseback representing the best of their kind.

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“boutique” hotels offer luxurious facilities combined with an intimate atmosphere and attentive service. There are also many hotels aimed specifically at corporate travelers, offering weekly rates and computer and fax outlets in the rooms, although these services are now available in a range of hotels.

C HAIN H OTELS M OTELS

you can count on efficient service, L UXURY H OTELS moderate prices, and comfortable (if bland) surroundN THE SOUTHWEST, hotels ings at a chain hotel. The come in every shape and most popular chains include size, including historic showHoliday Inn, Comfort Inn, places, such as Grand Best Western, Ramada Inns, Canyon’s El Tovar (see p233), Econolodge, and Super 8. originally built to impress East Particularly good value are Coast investors and prove that suite hotels, such as Country the Southwest was an exciting Inn and Suites and Embassy tourist destination. Suites, which offer Today, some of the living rooms and most lavish hotels in kitchenettes for little the US are located more than the cost of in the region, from a basic hotel room. the extravagant, Chain hotels also themed mega-resorts offer central reservation systems that of Las Vegas (see pp236 – 8) to the can help you find a Wigwam Resort in room at peak times. Phoenix (see p235) A hotel in the Best Motels provide Western chain with its three chamrooms that are usupionship 18-hole golf ally accessible from courses, tennis courts, and the parking area. They are gourmet dining. The area often the only option in around Phoenix and southern remote areas, and can vary Arizona is famous for both its from nostalgic Route 66 luxury health and golf resorts. places (see pp50 –51) to such Small, independently owned bargain lodgings as Motel 6.

Traditional adobe architecture of the Hotel Santa Fe façade

H OTEL C LASSIFICATIONS industry throughout the Southwest is recognized for its quality lodgings. A guideline to travelers is the diamond rating system of the American and Canadian Automobile Associations (AAA and CAA). Every accommodation, from the one-diamond motel to the five-diamond resort hotel, is rated for service, cleanliness, and the facilities offered. AAA members also benefit from discounts when they book in advance.

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TAXES tax varies across the region as it is charged by both state and city or county governments. Expect to pay between 10 and 14 percent of the room price in tax. Prices given for hotels in this book include taxes.

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D IRECTORY C HAIN H OTELS Holiday Inn § (800) 465-4329.

Comfort Inn § (800) 221-2222.

Best Western § (800) 528-1234.

Ramada Inns § (800) 272-6232.

Econolodge Starlight Pines Bed and Breakfast in Flagstaff (see p232)

H ISTORIC I NNS AND B ED AND B REAKFASTS hundreds of excellent inns and bed and breakfasts located across the Southwest. Generally speaking, inns are larger, with more spacious public areas and a dining room. Bed and breakfast establishments tend to be noted for their more homey atmosphere. Both inns and B&Bs may be found in restored or reconstructed historic buildings, and many are located in charming Victorian houses in historic towns. These lodgings pride themselves on providing a warm welcome and friendly service. Visual delights often include antiques, art, and gardens. There are Bed and Breakfast and Inn associations in each state that can help you select and make bookings.

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W ESTERN H OTELS D UDE R ANCHES

Super 8 § (800) 800-8000.

Country Inn and Suites § (800) 456-4000.

Embassy Suites § (800) 362-2779.

H ISTORIC I NNS AND B ED AND B REAKFASTS Bed and Breakfasts of New Mexico Box 2805, Santa Fe, NM 87505. § (505) 982-3332.

New Mexico Bed and Breakfast Association § (800) 661- 6649. ∑ www.nmbba.org

Arizona Association of Bed and Breakfast Inns c/o AABBI President, 11770 E. Rambling Trail, Tucson AZ 85747. § (800) 284-2589. ∑ www. arizona-bed-breakfast.com

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wanted to indulge your “Old West” fantasies there are plenty of historic hotels in which to do so. Between 1880 and 1920, Western towns gained prestige through the quality and grandeur of their hotels, and many built during this time boast extravagantly ornate decor. Today, many of these places have been carefully restored and offer great settings for a vacation. Durango’s Strater Hotel, for example, with its antique-furnished rooms, is both a historic hotel and a museum (see p241).

I

Dude ranches offer visitors the chance to experience western life. They first appeared in the 1920s – the name “dude” is a colloquialism meaning “a city-dweller unfamiliar with life on the range.” Choices range from relaxing vacations that include leisurely horseback rides to working ranches where you participate in such activities as cattle roundups. Meals, accommodations, and horses are usually included in the price. Arizona and Colorado have Dude Ranch Associations to help you find the perfect western vacation.

§ (800) 424-4777.

Arizona Dude Ranch Association

F YOU’VE EVER

Barbecue on the Lazy K Bar Guest Ranch near Tucson, Arizona

C AMPGROUNDS AND RV PARKS both tents and RVs (recreational vehicles) are found all over the Southwest and are especially popular in the national parks. The National Forest Service provides information on forest campgrounds, which range from extremely basic to those with running water and limited RV hookups.

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P.O. Box 603, Cortaro AZ 85652. ∑ www.azdra.com.

Colorado Dude and Guest Ranch Association P.O. Box 2120, Granby, CO 80446. § (970) 887-3128.

AMPGROUNDS FOR

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National Forest Service Southwest Regional Office, 333 Broadway SE, Albuquerque, NM 87102. § (877) 444-6777. ∑ www.reserveusa.com

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Choosing a Hotel in this guide have been selelcted for their good value, excellent facilities, or location.This chart lists the hotels by region in the same order as the rest of the guide. The color codes of each region are shown on the thumb tabs. Entries are alphabetical within price category. Prices given are in-season rates but always enquire about special discounts as rates can vary from week to week and between weekdays and weekends. For restaurant listings, see pages 250– 63.

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B OULDER C ITY : El Rancho Boulder Motel 725 Nevada Hwy., NV 89005. § (702) 293-1085.

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With its 1940s architecture, the El Rancho Boulder Motel has clean rooms and is within walking distance of the town center. Ù μ h / \\

C AMP V ERDE : Camp Verde Comfort Inn 340 N. Goswick Way, AZ 86322. § (928) 567-9000. ` (928) 567-1828. ∑ www.comfortinn.com A straightforward but well-kept chain motel, near several of the state’s most interesting sights. Ù μ 7 h /

\\ 993 S. Main St., AZ 86326. § (928) 634-5575. ` (928) 634-5576. ∑ www.cottonwoodinn-az.com The Best Western group has built a pleasant, spacious hotel here with comfortable rooms. Ù μ 7 h /

C OTTONWOOD : Best Western Cottonwood Inn

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F LAGSTAFF : Hotel Weatherford

\\ 23 North Leroux St., AZ 86001. § (928) 779-1919. ` (928) 773-8951. ∑ www.weatherfordhotel.com The 1890s Weatherford is one of Flagstaff’s most distinctive hotels. Some rooms are decorated in antique style. Ù h /

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\\\ 350 W. Forest Meadows St., AZ 86001. § (928) 226-8888. ` (928) 556-9059. ∑ www.hilton.com This modish establishment provides everything from an ironing board to a microwave in each of the rooms. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

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F LAGSTAFF : Hotel Monte Vista 100 San Francisco St., AZ 86001. § (928) 779-6971. ` (928) 779-2904.

Many of the rooms in this characterful 1920s hotel are named after famous guests who stayed here, such as Bob Hope. Ù μ h /

F LAGSTAFF : Hilton Garden Inn

\\\ 2515 E. Butler Ave., AZ 86004. § (928) 779-2741. ` (928) 779-7983. ∑ www.flagstaff.littleamerica.com This comfortable resort complex is set among pine trees, to the east of downtown Flagstaff. Ù μ ∫ 7 h ÷ /

F LAGSTAFF : Little America Hotel

\\\

F LAGSTAFF : Starlight Pines Bed & Breakfast 3380 E. Lockett Rd., AZ 86001. § (800) 752-1912.



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This appealing B&B in a Victorian-style house has antique-filled rooms. A gourmet breakfast is included in the room price. Ù h /

F LAGSTAFF : Radisson Woodlands Hotel Flagstaff 1175 West Route 66., AZ 86001. § (928) 773-8888. ` (928) 773-0597.

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One of the best chain hotels in town, this well-equipped establishment has excellent health and fitness facilities. Ù μ 7 h ÷ / \\

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G RAND C ANYON : Bright Angel Lodge Grand Canyon South Rim, AZ 86023. § (303) 297-2757. ` (303) 297-3175. ∑ wwwgrandcanyonlodges.com Popular with hikers, Bright Angel offers frugal rooms in its 1930’s lodge as well as appealing log cabins. Ù h /

G RAND C ANYON : Phantom Ranch Grand Canyon, AZ 86023. § (303) 297-2757. ` (303) 297-3175. ∑ wwwgrandcanyonlodges.com Among the cottonwoods down in the canyon are a central lodge and timber cabins in a stunning setting. /

\\\ Grand Canyon South Rim, AZ 86023. § (303) 297-2757. ` (303) 297-3175. ∑ wwwgrandcanyonlodges.com Popular with families, this lodge is located at the west end of the village close to the South Rim. Ù μ 7 h /

G RAND C ANYON V ILLAGE : Maswik Lodge

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Hotels with a garden, courtyard, or terrace.

S WIMMING P OOL Hotel with an indoor or outdoor swimming pool. \\\

G RAND C ANYON V ILLAGE : Thunderbird and Kachina Lodges Grand Canyon South Rim, AZ 86023. § (303) 297-2757. ` (303) 297-3175. ∑ wwwgrandcanyonlodges.com These two modern lodges offer deluxe accommodation a stone’s throw from the South Rim. Ù μ 7 h /

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\\\ Grand Canyon South Rim, AZ 86023. § (303) 297-2757. ` (303) 297-3175. ∑ wwwgrandcanyonlodges.com A lodge with motel-style rooms in the pine and juniper woods beside the visitor center. ¢ Nov–Mar. Ù μ 7 h /

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\\\\ Grand Canyon South Rim, AZ 86023. § (303) 297-2757. ` (303) 297-3175. ∑ wwwgrandcanyonlodges.com This distinguished Edwardian hotel offers

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G RAND C ANYON V ILLAGE : Yavapai Lodge

G RAND C ANYON V ILLAGE : El Tovar Hotel

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Hotel restaurant or dining room usually open to non-residents unless otherwise stated.

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the most sumptuous accommodation in Grand Canyon National Park. Some rooms have panoramic views of the canyon. Ù ∫ μ 7 h / \\ Bright Angel Point, Grand Canyon. AZ 86052. § (303) 297-2757. ` (928) 638-2554. ∑ www.grandcanyonnorthrim.com The only hotel accommodation on the

G RAND C ANYON (N ORTH R IM ): Grand Canyon Lodge

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North Rim of the canyon, this lodge has cabins and a few modern motel rooms. Advance reservations are essential. ¢ Oct–May. Ù 7 h / \\\ 541 N. Main St., AZ 86331. § (928) 634-4678. ∑ wwwghostcityinn.com In a handsome Victorian villa, this well-maintained inn has tastefully decorated bedrooms and fabulous views. Ù μ h /

J EROME : Ghost City Inn

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K INGMAN : Best Western A Wayfarer’s Inn 2815 E. Andy Devine Ave., AZ 86401. § (928) 753-6271. ` (928) 753-9608.

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This well-kept hotel is up to the chain’s usual high standards, with a pool and indoor spa. Buffet breakfast is included. Ù μ h ÷ / \\

L AKE H AVASU C ITY : Ramada Inn 271 S. Lake Havasu Ave., AZ 86403. § (928) 855-1111. ` (928) 855-6228.

Recently revamped, this stylish hotel offers spacious elegant rooms and is a short walk from London Bridge. Ù μ 7 h / \\\

L AKE H AVASU C ITY : Nautical Inn Resort & Conference Center 1000 McCulloch Blvd., AZ 86403. § (928) 855-2141. ` (928) 855-8460. ∑ www.nauticalinn.com This resort spreads along the shore of Lake

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Havasu and appeals to both family vacationers and conference organizers. Watersports facilities are available. Ù μ 7 h / \\

S EDONA : Star Motel 295 Jordan Rd., AZ 86336. § (928) 282-3641.

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Conveniently located in the center of Sedona, this unassuming motel offers some of the most reasonably priced rooms in town. Ù μ h /

S EDONA : Cozy Cactus B&B 80 Canyon Circle Dr., AZ 86351 § (928) 284-0082. ` (928) 284-4210 ∑ www.cozycactus.com Excellent family lodgings at this affordable, scenic ranch house B&B on the southern outskirts of Sedona. Ù h /

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\\\\\ 525 Boynton Canyon Rd., AZ 86336. § (928) 282-2900. ` (928) 282-9249. ∑ www.enchantmentresort.com Hidden away in beautiful Boynton Canyon,

S EDONA : Enchantment Resort

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this ritzy complex of adobe-style houses has a full range of leisure facilities, including a fitness center. Ù μ 7 h ÷ / \\

W ILLIAMS : Mountainside Inn 642 E. Route 66, AZ 86046. § (928) 635-4431. ` (928) 635-2292

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Tucked away among pine trees, the Mountainside Inn offers tidy rooms, and is a convenient base for Grand Canyon. Ù μ 7 h / For key to symbols see back flap

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\\\ 235 North Grand Canyon Blvd., AZ 86046. § (928) 635-4010. ` (928) 635-2180. ∑ www.thetrain.com This elegant hotel, next to the terminus of the Grand Canyon Railway, has a stately wood-beamed hall. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

W ILLIAMS : Grand Canyon Railway Hotel

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\\\ 11 Howell Ave., AZ 85603. § (800) 247-5829, (520) 432-2216. ` (520) 432-4298. ∑ www.copperqueen.com Atmospheric, late 19th-century hotel, decorated in period style. A list of sightings of resident ghosts is available! Ù μ 7 h /

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A PACHE J UNCTION : Express Inn 1101 West Apache Trail, AZ 85220. § (480) 982-9200. ` (480) 671-6183.

Convenient for the Apache Trail, this small and intimate hotel has views of the Superstition Mountains and a lavish breakfast. Ù μ 7 h /

B ISBEE : Shady Dell 1 Douglas Rd, AZ 85603. § (520) 432-3567.

Unique accommodation in vintage 1950s aluminum trailers, set in a 1927 trailer park. Original decor includes black-and-white TVs. h

B ISBEE : Copper Queen Hotel

D OUGLAS : The Gadsden Hotel 1046 G Ave., AZ 85607. § (520) 364-4481. ` (520) 364-4005. ∑ www.theriver.com/gadsdenhotel Opened in 1907, this historic hotel has sumptuously decorated rooms and public areas. Ù μ 7 h /

D RAGOON : Triangle T Guest Ranch I-10 exit 318, Dragoon Rd., AZ 85609 § & ` (520) 586-7533. ∑ www.triangletguestranch.com Historic ranch in Texas Canyon close to

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Kartchner Caverns, Tombstone, and the outstanding Amerind Foundation (see p93). Comfortable cabins with old-fashioned furnishings. Ù 7 h /

G REEN VALLEY : Best Western Green Valley \\\ 111 S. La Cañada, AZ 85614 § (800) 344-1441, (520) 625-2250. ` (520) 625-0215. ∑ www.bestwestern.com A great base for exploring San Xavier mission and Madera Canyon. Heated pool and spa. Ù μ h / P HOENIX : Econo Lodge & Suites 202 E. McDowell Rd., AZ 85004. § (602) 528-9100. ` (602) 258-7259.

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An inexpensive option, Los Olivos is a straightforward, downtown hotel within easy walking distance of the Heard Museum. Ù μ 7 h / \\ 401 North 1st St., AZ 85004. § (602) 258-3411. ` (602) 258-3171. ∑ www.ramada.com Situated in the downtown core near the convention center, the rooms here are stylish, brisk, and business-like. Ù μ 7 h /

P HOENIX : Ramada Inn Downtown

P HOENIX : Sunshine Hotel & Resort 3600 N. 2nd Ave., AZ 85031. § (602) 248-0222. ` (602) 265-6331. ∑ www.sunshinehotel-az.com One of the more luxurious premises in this

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reliable chain, with extensive facilities including a well-equipped gym, four pools, and a spa, offering a range of treatments. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

P HOENIX : Best Western Central Phoenix Inn

\\\ 1100 N. Central Ave., AZ 85004. § (602) 252-2100. ` (602) 252-2731. ∑ www.bwcpi.com In the heart of the downtown business area, this chic hotel provides a free airport shuttle. Ù μ h ÷ /

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\\\ 202 N. Central Ave., AZ 85004. § (602) 253-4121. ` (602) 253-6668. ∑ www.hotelsancarlos.com Located at the heart of downtown Phoenix, this designated historic hotel has rooms decorated in tasteful style. Ù μ /

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P HOENIX : Hotel San Carlos

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P HOENIX : Ritz-Carlton Hotel

\\\\ 2401 E. Camelback Rd., AZ 85016. § (602) 468-0700. ` (602) 468-0793. ∑ www.ritzcarlton.com This appealing hotel occupies a modern tower with Neo-classical flourishes. Large, comfortable rooms. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

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P HOENIX : Arizona Biltmore Resort & Spa

\\\\\ 2400 E. Missouri Ave., AZ 85016. § (602) 955-6600. ` (602) 381-7600. ∑ www.arizonabiltmore.com Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright (see p23), this 1930’s hotel has excellent facilities and grounds. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

746    

P HOENIX : Pointe At South Mountain Resort

\\\\\ 7777 S. Pointe Parkway, AZ 85044. § (602) 438-9000. ` (602) 431-6535. ∑ www.pointesouthmtn.com In the hills south of Phoenix, this resort offers every amenity, including golf and four restaurants. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

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\\\\\ 300 E. Wigwam Blvd., Litchfield Pk., AZ 85251. § (623) 935-3811. ` (623) 535-1309. ∑ www.wigwamresort.com This luxurious resort boasts

331 

P HOENIX : The Wigwam Resort



 

three 18-hole golf courses, two pools, and a choice of fabulous restaurants. Rooms are stylish and comfortable. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

S COTTSDALE : Hyatt Regency Scottsdale Resort at Gainey Ranch

\\\\\

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7500 E.Doubletree Ranch Rd., AZ 85258. § (480) 991-3388. ` (480) 483-5550. ∑ www.scottsdale.hyatt.com Outstanding contemporary architecture, with tasteful rooms, lush gardens, and 10 swimming pools. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\\ 6000 E.Camelback Rd., AZ 85251. § (480) 941-8200. ` (480) 947-4311. ∑ www.thephoenician.com One of the region’s most extravagant resort

S COTTSDALE : The Phoenician

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complexes, set among superb gardens with a stunning golf course, tennis courts, restaurants, and nine swimming pools. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\\ 7575 E. Princess Dr., AZ 85255. § (480) 585-4848. ` (480) 585-0086. ∑ www.fairmont.com A first-rate resort-hotel in a handsome setting with all amenities, and several award-winning restaurants. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

S COTTSDALE : Scottsdale Princess

T OMBSTONE : Silver Nugget Bed & Breakfast 520 E. Allen St., AZ 85638. § (520) 457-9223. ` (520) 457-3471. ∑ www.tombstone1880.com/silvernugget This friendly B&B overlooks Allen Street, and has a different Western theme in each of the rooms. h /

T OMBSTONE : Best Western Lookout Lodge Hwy. 80 W., AZ 85638. § (520) 457-2223. ` (520) 457-3870. ∑ www.bestwestern.com Large rooms look out over the desert and the mountains. Complimentary full breakfast. Ù μ h /

\\

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\\\ 297 N. Main Ave., AZ 85701. § (800) 349-6151, (520) 623-6151. ` (520) 623-3860.

T UCSON : El Presidio Bed & Breakfast Inn

651    

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Restored Victorian adobe mansion set around a pretty courtyard. Delicious breakfasts included. Ù μ h \\\ 4250 N. Campbell Ave., AZ 85718. § (520) 577-0007. ` (520) 577-0045. ∑ www.windmillinns.com Conveniently located in an upscale shopping plaza,

T UCSON : Windmill Suites

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this hotel is great value. It features pleasant two-room suites, complimentary breakfast, and a newspaper delivered to your door. Ù μ 7 h /

30 

 

T UCSON : Lodge on the Desert

\\\\ 306 N. Alvernon Way, AZ 85711. § (520) 325-3366. ` (520) 327-5834. ∑ www.lodgeonthedesert.com A tranquil hideaway featuring adobe-style buildings with charming rooms amid pretty desert gardens. Ù μ 7 h /

35 

 

\\\\\ 2200 E. Elm St., AZ 85719. § (520) 325-1541. ` (520) 881-5830. ∑ www.arizonainn.com This pink stucco resort hotel, opened in 1930, features spacious rooms set in lush grounds. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

86 

 

\\\\ 5601 N. Hacienda del Sol Rd., AZ 85718. § (800) 728-6514, (520) 299-1501. ` (520) 299-5554. ∑ www.haciendadelsol.com Overlooking desert landscape,

T UCSON : Hacienda del Sol Guest Ranch Resort

this luxury retreat in the hills above town has been popular since the 1940s when stars such as Katherine Hepburn used to visit. Ù μ 7 h /

T UCSON : Arizona Inn

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G ARDEN /T ERRACE Hotels with a garden, courtyard, or terrace.

S WIMMING P OOL Hotel with an indoor or outdoor swimming pool.

S WIMMING P OOL

Cribs and a baby-sitting service available. Some hotel restaurants have children’s portions and high chairs.

R ESTAURANT

R OOMS

C HILDREN W ELCOME

G ARDEN /T ERRACE

Hotel restaurant or dining room usually open to non-residents unless otherwise stated.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

R ESTAURANT

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T UCSON : Tanque Verde Guest Ranch

\\\\\ 14301 E. Speedway Blvd., AZ 85748. § (520) 296-6275. ` (520) 721-9426. ∑ www.tvgr.com This Southwestern-style resort near Saguaro National Park offers horseback riding, hiking, and nature walks. Ù 7 h ÷ /

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\\\\\ 8401 N. Scenic Dr., AZ 85743. § (520) 744-3050. ` (520) 744-7628. ∑ www.lazykbar.com An authentic ranch offering trail rides through the desert and dances as part of the package. Ù h /

24    

T UCSON : Lazy K Bar Guest Ranch

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\\ 202 E. Fremont St., NV 89109. § (800) 634-6045. ` (702) 387-5160. ∑ www.fourqueens.com With its impressive glittering façade, the Four Queens

690 

D OWNTOWN : Binion’s Horseshoe 128 E. Fremont St., NV 89101. § (702) 382-1600 ` (702) 384-1574. ∑ www.binions.com Known for hosting the world series poker championship, all its rooms are in shades of pink (see p118). Ù μ 7 h /

D OWNTOWN : El Cortez Hotel & Casino 600 E. Fremont St., NV 89101. § (702) 382-9938. ` (702) 474-3626. ∑ www.elcortezhotelcasino.com This low-rise adobe building, built in 1941, has pleasant rooms. Some with showers only (see p118). Ù ∫ μ 7 h /

D OWNTOWN : Fitzgeralds Casino Holiday Inn 301 E. Fremont St., NV 89101. § (800) 274-5825. ` (702) 388-2181. ∑ www.fitzgeraldslasvegas.com The rooms are decorated to a high standard, many with great views across the city to the mountains. Ù μ 7 h /

D OWNTOWN : Four Queens Hotel & Casino



retains the glamorous atmosphere of old Las Vegas. Many rooms offer views of the Fremont Street Experience (see p118). Ù ∫ μ 7 h /

D OWNTOWN : Golden Nugget Hotel & Casino 129 E. Fremont St., NV 89101. § (800) 634-3454. ` (702) 386-8362. ∑ www.goldennugget.com The most luxurious hotel in the Downtown area (see p118). All rooms have large marble bathrooms. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

D OWNTOWN : Plaza Hotel & Casino 1 Main St., NV 89101. § (800) 634-6575. ` (702) 386-2378. ∑ www.plazahotelcasino.com This comfortable hotel has some rooms that overlook the Fremont Street Experience (see p118). Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

\\

1907 

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T HE S TRIP : Algiers Hotel 2845 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 732-3361. ` (702) 792-2112. ∑ www.algiershotel.com One of the best bargains on the Strip, this 1950s hotel has spacious, clean rooms but no casino. Ù μ 7 h /

T HE S TRIP : Stratosphere 2000 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89104. § (702) 380-7777. ` (702) 383-5334. ∑ www.stratospherehotel.com This newly remodeled hotel at the northern end of the Strip features a huge lagoon swimming pool. Ù ∫ μ 7 h /

 



\

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\\ 3850 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 597-7777. ` (702) 597-7009. ∑ www.excalibur.com In keeping with its kitsch medieval theme, rooms feature fake stone walls, and wall sconces (see p107). Ù ∫ μ 7 h /

4008  



T HE S TRIP : Circus Circus 2880 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 634-3450. ` (702) 734-5897. ∑ www.circuscircus.com A vast property with a range of rooms and

child-friendly attractions, including a theme park (see p117) and a choice of restaurants. Ù ∫ μ 7 h /

T HE S TRIP : Excalibur

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T HE S TRIP : Riviera Hotel & Casino

\\ 2901 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 634-6753. ` (702) 794-9451. ∑ www.theriviera.com One of the Strip’s oldest hotels, the Riviera was opened in 1955 by Liberace (see p109). Comfortable rooms. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

2075 



T HE S TRIP : Sahara

\\ 2535 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (888) 696-2121. ` (702) 791-2027. ∑ www.saharavegas.com A friendly hotel close to attractions at the north end of the Strip, including the Stratosphere Tower (see p117). Ù μ 7 h /

1720 



\\ 3000 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 634-6757. ` (702) 732-6257. ∑ www.stardustlv.com A Vegas icon since it opened in 1958, guests can stay

1550 



2657 

 

T HE S TRIP : Imperial Palace 3535 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 634-6441. ` (702) 735-8578. ∑ www.imperialpalace.com One of the few hotels to feature balconies overlooking the Strip. Extremely good value. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

T HE S TRIP : Luxor Hotel & Casino 3900 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89119. § (800) 288-1000. ` (702) 262-7401. ∑ www.luxor.com This opulent Egyptian-themed hotel features a huge



atrium and a reconstruction of Tutankhamun’s tomb. Rooms are decorated in tastefully muted tones (see p106). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

T HE S TRIP : MGM Grand Hotel & Casino 3799 Las Vegas Blvd. S. Nevada 89109. § (800) 929-1111. ` (702) 891-1030. ∑ www.mgmgrand.com Despite being one of the largest hotels in the

world the Grand maintains a relaxed, friendly atmosphere and boasts a particularly luxurious spa (see p108). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

T HE S TRIP : Monte Carlo Resort & Casino 3770 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 311-8999. ` (702) 730-7250. ∑ www.montecarlo.com An elegant European theme is reflected in the large rooms, each with a marble bathroom. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

T HE S TRIP : New York New York Hotel & Casino 3790 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 693-6763. ` (702) 740-6920. ∑ www.nynyhotelcasino.com Rooms here are decorated in authentic Art Deco style, with lots of inlaid wood (see p107). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

T HE S TRIP : Stardust

in the hotel’s towers or the Motor Inn, which has motel-style rooms with parking bays outside each one. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\ 3667 Las Vegas Blvd S., NV 89109. § (877) 333-9474. ` (702) 785-5558. ∑ www.aladdincasino.com Spacious rooms themed in an Arabian Nights-

T HE S TRIP : Aladdin Resort & Casino

style are offered at this hotel, which also has the vast Desert Passage shopping and entertainment complex (see p109). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\ 3645 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 634-3434. ` (702) 967-3890. ∑ www.ballyslv.com Friendly, with an olympic-size swimming pool and large, luxurious rooms, many with good views of the Strip. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

T HE S TRIP : Bally’s

T HE S TRIP : Barbary Coast Hotel & Casino 3595 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 634-6755. ` (702) 894-9954. ∑ www.barbarycoastcasino.com This intimate hotel has beautifully decorated rooms and a choice of restaurants. Ù ∫ μ 7 h /

T HE S TRIP : Flamingo Las Vegas Hotel & Casino 3555 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 733-3111. ` (702) 733-3353. ∑ www.flamingolv.com This tropical-themed hotel is renowned for one of the best pool areas in Vegas (see p111). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

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T HE S TRIP : Harrah’s

\\\ 3475 S. Las Vegas Blvd., NV 89109. § (800) 427-7247. ` (702) 369-6014. ∑ www.harrahs.com Friendly hotel with comfortable rooms. It is also possible to play keno through the room’s TV set. Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

2700 



\\\ 3655 Las Vegas Blvd. S., Nevada 89109. § (877) 796-2096. ` (702) 967-3836. ∑ www.parislv.com The charming rooms here are modeled on 18th-

2916 

 

T HE S TRIP : Paris

century Paris. Bathrooms are luxurious, and every amenity from in-room voice mail to cable TV is available (see p110). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / For key to symbols see back flap

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N E E D S

Hotels with a garden, courtyard, or terrace.

S WIMMING P OOL Hotel with an indoor or outdoor swimming pool.

\\\ 3801 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 634-4000. ` (702) 739-2492. ∑ www.tropicanalv.com Noted for the lush gardens and waterfalls around its

T HE S TRIP : Tropicana

S WIMMING P OOL

G ARDEN /T ERRACE

R ESTAURANT

R OOMS

C HILDREN W ELCOME Cribs and a baby-sitting service available. Some hotel restaurants have children’s portions and high chairs.

G ARDEN /T ERRACE

Hotel restaurant or dining room usually open to non-residents unless otherwise stated.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

R ESTAURANT

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Price categories for a standard double room per night,inclusive of service charges and any additional taxes: \ under US$50 \\ US$50– $100 \\\ US$100– $150 \\\\ US$150– $200 \\\\\ US$200 plus.

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delightful pool area, the Tropicana is a popular Vegas institution. Guests can soak in one of three outdoor Jacuzzis (see p108). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\ 3570 Las Vegas Blvd.S., NV 89109. § (800) 634-6001. ` (702) 967-3890. ∑ www.caesarspalace.com This Vegas institution is famous for its luxurious

T HE S TRIP : Caesars Palace

rooms and suites, all with marble bathrooms. TVs in the rooms offer gaming lessons on the in-house channel (see p111). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\ 3950 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89119. § (877) 632-7000. ` (702) 632-7228. ∑ www.mandalaybay.com Ornate yet elegant rooms provide a host of

T HE S TRIP : Mandalay Bay

amenities including two phone lines with computer jacks. The popular pool area has a “beach” and a “river” (see p106). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\ 3400 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 791-7111. ` (702) 791-7446. ∑ www.themirage.com Conveniently located in the center of the Strip,

T HE S TRIP : Mirage

the Mirage is famous for its tropical atrium, pretty pool area, and Siegfried and Roy’s Secret Garden. All the rooms are spacious and have stylish, elegant decor (see p114 –5). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

T HE S TRIP : Treasure Island 3300 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (800) 288-7206. ` (702) 894-7446. ∑ www.treasureisland.com Despite a lack of children’s facilities,

\\\\

this hotel is a popular choice with families, because of its Pirate theme and nightly battle attraction (see p115). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\ 3355 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (888) 283-6423. ` (702) 414-4805. ∑ www.venetian.com All rooms are luxury suites with a minibar, two TVs,

T HE S TRIP : Venetian

fax, and three telephone lines, all set among the palatial splendor of the hotel’s gloriously executed Venice theme (see p114). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\\ 3600 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (888) 987-6667. ` (702) 693-8546. ∑ www.bellagio.com One of the most sophisticated resorts in

T HE S TRIP : Bellagio

4000    

Las Vegas, the Bellagio’s rooms are decorated to a high standard with imported carrara marble bathrooms and silk furnishings. The hotel recreates an authentic Italian atmosphere (see p110). Ù ∫ μ 7 h ÷ /

S OUTHERN U TAH \\

20 

\\\ Bryce Canyon National Park, UT 84764. § (800) 528-1234. ` (435) 834-5265. ∑ www.bestwestern.com This busy modern inn, located just outside the park, offers two restaurants, a gas station, tours, and activities. Ù μ h /

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B OULDER : Boulder Mountain Lodge 20 N. Hwy. 12, UT 84716. § (800) 556-3446. ` (435) 335-7461. ∑ www.boulder-utah.com An attractive Western style lodge on scenic

Highway 12, surrounded by fabulous red rock canyons. It also houses one of the best restaurants in Southern Utah (see p256). Ù h /

B RYCE C ANYON : Best Western Ruby’s Inn

B RYCE C ANYON : Bryce Canyon Lodge Bryce Canyon National Park, UT 84717. § (435) 834-5361, (303) 297-2757. ` (303) 297-3175.∑ www.brycecanyonlodge.com

This Western classic has elegant period decor, cabins with fireplaces, and suites and rooms with a tasteful Southwestern motif. Just 100 yds (30 m) from the canyon rim. Reserve early. Closed Nov 1–Mar 31. Ù h /





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C EDAR B REAKS N ATIONAL M ONUMENT : Cedar Breaks Lodge

\\\ 223 Hunter Ridge Rd., UT 84719. § (888) 282-3327. ` (435) 677-2211. ∑ www.cedarbreakslodge.com Brian Head Ski Resort’s premier lodging has large rooms with superb views. Reasonable summer rates. Ù μ h ÷ /

118 



E SCALANTE : Prospector Inn \\ 380 W. Main St., UT 84726. § (435) 826-4653. ` (435) 826-4285. ∑ www.prospectorinn.com This is one of Escalante’s nicer family hotels. The spacious rooms are comfortable, and all have two beds. Ù μ 7 h /

50 

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C EDAR C ITY : Crystal Inn Cedar City 1575 W. 200 North, UT 84720. § 1 (888) 787-6661. ` (435) 586-1010. ∑ www.crystalinns.com Fully renovated and redecorated in 2002, this is still one of Cedar City’s best hotels. Ù μ h ÷ /

K ANAB : Parry Lodge 89 E. Center St., UT 84741. § (800) 748-4104. ` (435) 644-2605. ∑ www.parrylodge.com A picturesque hotel with clean, pleasant rooms. Movie stars John Wayne and Charleton Heston stayed here. Ù μ h /

\\\ 296 W.100 North, UT 84741. § (800) 222-2244. ` (435) 644-5333. ∑ www.shiloinns.com A hotel featuring mini-suites with refrigerators and microwaves. Continental breakfast is included in the price. Ù μ h /

K ANAB : Shilo Inn

\

M OAB : Center Street Hotel 96 E. Center St., UT 84532. § (435) 259-7615. ` (435) 259-3366.

 



118

8

This quirky budget place is a hit with younger travelers. Rooms are themed. Bathrooms are down the hall. μ h /

M OAB : The Landmark Motel

\\ 168 N. Main St., UT 84532. § (800) 441-6147. ` (435) 259-5556. ∑ www.landmarkinnmoab.com A downtown Colonial building with spacious rooms. Good value for large families. Ù μ h /

36



M OAB : Redstone Inn

\\ 535 S. Main, UT 84532. § (800) 772-1972. ` (435) 259-2717. ∑ www.moabredstone.com A pleasant motel in the heart of town offers rooms with kitchenettes. There are 16 pets-welcome rooms. Ù μ h /

52



M OAB : The Gonzo Inn

\\\ 100 W. 200 South, UT 84532. § (800) 791-4044. ` (435) 259-6992. ∑ www.gonzoinn.com Elegant and eclectic, this very trendy inn features a warm Southwestern motif and kitsch 1950s furniture. Ù μ h /

43



M OAB : Pack Creek Ranch

\\\\ La Sal Mountain Loop Rd., UT 84532. § (435) 259-5505. ` (435) 259-8879. ∑ www.packcreekranch.com A working western ranch at the foot of the La Sal Mountains offering log cabins, hiking trails, and stunning scenery. Ù h /

13



\\\\ 185 N. 300 East, UT 84532. § (800) 662-2786. ` (435) 259-3065. ∑ www.sunflowerhill.com A charming Victorian house and cottage surrounded by pretty gardens. Rooms are stylishly furnished. Ù μ h /

12



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153 

 

M OAB : Sunflower Hill Bed and Breakast Inn

\\

PAGE : Best Western at Lake Powell 208 N. Lake Powell Blvd., AZ 86040. § 1 (800) 528-1234. ` (928) 645-9552. ∑ www.bestwestern.com This modern suite hotel has a nice pool and is close to Lake Powell. Lots of room for the price. Ù μ h /

\\\ 600 Clubhouse Dr., AZ 86040. § (800) 851-3855. ` (928) 645-5004. ∑ www.courtyard.com This beautiful, upscale hotel offers great views of Glen Canyon and the mountains. Room service, spa, and pool. Ù μ h /

PAGE : Courtyard by Marriott

PANGUITCH : Best Western New Western 2nd E. Center St., UT 84759. § (800) 528-1234. ` (435) 676-8876. ∑ www.bestwestern.com A clean and modern Best Western. Pleasant and moderately priced and just 30 minutes from Bryce Canyon. Ù μ h /

\\

\\\ 1215 Zion Park Blvd., UT 84767. § (800) 934-7275. ` (435) 772-2449. ∑ www.zionparkinn.com This elegant and understated modern resort is set amid landscaped grounds just outside the park. Ù μ h /

S PRINGDALE : Zion Park Inn

55



120 



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N E E D S

G ARDEN /T ERRACE Hotels with a garden, courtyard, or terrace.

S WIMMING P OOL Hotel with an indoor or outdoor swimming pool.

S WIMMING P OOL

Cribs and a baby-sitting service available. Some hotel restaurants have children’s portions and high chairs.

R ESTAURANT

R OOMS

C HILDREN W ELCOME

G ARDEN /T ERRACE

Hotel restaurant or dining room usually open to non-residents unless otherwise stated.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

R ESTAURANT

OF

Price categories for a standard double room per night, inclusive service charges and any additional taxes: \ under US$50 \\ US$50– $100 \\\ US$100– $150 \\\\ US$150– $200 \\\\\ US$200 plus.

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\\\ 217 N. 100 West,. UT 84770. § (800) 600-3737. ` (435) 628-5646. ∑ www.sevenwivesinn.com This elegant inn comprises two large Victorian

13

 

\\ 875 E. Hwy 24, UT 84775. § 1 (877) 854-0184. ` (435) 425-3212. ∑ www.capitolreefwonderland.com A bright, cheerful property with pleasant rooms located close to Capitol Reef National Park. Ù μ h /

50 

 

WAHWEAP : Lake Powell Resort

\\\\ 100 Lakeshore Dr., AZ 86040. § (800) 528-6154. ` (928) 645-1031. ∑ www.visitlakepowell.com This elegant modern lodge offers views of Lake Powell from some rooms. It also has a marina and boat rentals. Ù μ h /

375 



\\\ Springdale, UT 84767. § (435) 772-3213. ` (435) 772-2001. ∑ www.zionlodge.com Spacious lodge in Zion National Park, offering comfortable rooms and cabins surrounded by natural beauty. Ù h /

121 

S T G EORGE : Bluffs Inn & Suites 1140 S. Bluff St., UT 84770. § (800) 832-5833. ` (435) 673-8705. ∑ www.bluffsinnsuites.com Good value and pleasant family-style motel with large comfortable rooms and a pleasing pastel decor. Ù μ h /

S T. G EORGE : Howard Johnson Express Inn & Suites 1040 S. Main St., UT 84770. § (800) 332-0400. ` (435) 656-3983.



Clean, modern suites with kitchenettes and a modest price make this a good place for a longer stay. Ù μ h /

S T. G EORGE : Seven Wives Inn

houses decorated with antiques. Most of the rooms have fireplaces and balconies, and huge gourmet breakfasts are included. Ù μ h /

T ORREY : Wonderland Inn

Z ION N ATIONAL PARK : Zion Lodge



T HE F OUR C ORNERS \\

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\\\ Canyon De Chelly, AZ 86503. § (800) 679-2473, (928) 674-5841. ` (928) 674-5844. ∑ www.tbirdlodge.com Part of the excellent complex at the mouth of Canyon de Chelly. Rooms are tastefully decorated. Ù μ 7 h /

73 

A ZTEC : Step Back Inn 103 W. Aztec Blvd., NM 87410. § (505) 334-1200. ` (505) 334-9858.

Aztec’s newest hotel is clean, comfortable, and close to all the amenities of the downtown area. Ù μ h /

B LUFF : Recapture Lodge Hwy 191, UT 84512. § (435) 672-2281. ` (435) 672-2284. ∑ www.recapturelodge.com This country lodge hosts regular speakers on local geology and archaeology, and offers adventure tours. Ù μ h /

C AMERON : Cameron Trading Post Rte 89, AZ 86020. § (800) 338-7385, (928) 679-2231. ` (520) 679-2350. ∑ www.camerontradingpost.com This working trading post has a delightful garden and fine Native art gallery. The rooms are comfortable. Ù μ /

C HINLE : Holiday Inn, Canyon de Chelly Garcia Trading Post, Canyon de Chelly, AZ 86503. § (928) 674-5000. ` (928) 674-8264. ∑ www.holiday-inn.com A hotel complex built around

the historic Garcia Trading Post, which houses the Garcia Restaurant (see p258). Tours of Canyon de Chelly can be arranged. Ù ÷ μ 7 h /

C HINLE : Thunderbird Lodge

\\\ Valley of the Gods Rd., UT 84531. § (970) 749-1164. ∑ www.valleyofthegods.cjb.net As “away from it all” as you can get, this pleasant house is the only building in the Valley of the Gods. Ù h /

M EXICAN H AT : Valley of the Gods Bed and Breakfast

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D URANGO : Jarvis Suite Hotel

\\\ 125 W. 10th St., CO 81301. § (800) 824-1024. ` (970) 259-6190. ∑ www.durangohotel.com Each pleasant suite in this excellent value hotel offer a well-equipped kitchen and a living room with sofa bed. Ù μ h /

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\\\\ 699 Main Ave., CO 81301. § (800) 247-4431. ` (970) 259-2208. ∑ www.strater.com Built in 1887, this Durango landmark building is one

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C ORTEZ : Kelly Place 14663 Rd. G, CO 81321 § (800) 745-4885. ` (970) 565-3540. ∑ www.kellyplace.com This quiet country retreat is set among contrasting

landscapes of fruit orchards and red rock canyons, and offers group workshops on local Native culture and archaeology. Ù h /

D URANGO : Strater Hotel

of the great luxury hotels of the Old West. Comfortable rooms feature period antiques and delightful bathrooms. Ù μ h /

10 

 

FARMINGTON : Best Western Inn at Farmington

\\\ 700 Scott Ave., NM 87401. § (800) 528-1234, (505) 327-5221. ` (505) 327-1565. ∑ www.bestwestern.com This good-value and dependable chain hotel has a pool, which is very inviting in summer. Ù μ h /

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M ESA V ERDE N ATIONAL PARK : Far View Motor Lodge

\\\ Mile Marker 15, Mancos, CO 81328. § (800) 449-2288. ` (970) 533-7831. ∑ www.visitmesaverde.com Away from the bustle of the park, this modern hotel has superb views across the mesa and Montezuma Valley. Ù h /

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M ONUMENT VALLEY : Gouldings Lodge \\\\ Off Hwy 163, UT 84536. § (800) 874-0902, (435) 727-3231. ` (435) 727-3344. ∑ www.gouldings.com This famous inn has hosted movie stars and

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\\\\\ 1 Silverton Star, CO 81301 § (970) 259-4813. ∑ www.talltimberresort.com A deluxe resort in the Animas Valley, accessible

D URANGO : Tall Timber Resort

by the Silverton & Durango steam train or helicopter only. Spacious cottages and gourmet dining of the highest caliber. Ù /





directors from almost every movie made here (see p164 –5). Each room has a balcony with a superb view of Monument Valley. A museum features the cabin John Wayne used in an early movie. Ù μ h /

T ELLURIDE : New Sheridan Hotel 231 W. Colorado Ave., CO 81435. § (800) 200-1891. ` (970) 728-5024. ∑ www.newsheridan.com Built in 1895, this atmospheric and luxurious

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hotel is in Telluride’s historic district. Busy during the skiing season, with attractive off-peak rates and rooftop hot tubs. Ù μ 7 / \\\ 401 W. Pacific Ave., CO 81435. § (800) 611-9893. ` (970) 728-3233. ∑ www.tellurideinn.com A clean modern hotel within walking distance of

T ELLURIDE : The Victoria Inn

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Telluride’s historic district, this is one of the town’s most reasonably priced inns and has a pleasant garden area. Ù μ 7 h / \\\\\ 136 Country Club Dr., CO 81435. § (800) 789-2220. ` (970) 728-6567. ∑ www.thepeaksresort.com Located in Mountain Village, a gondola ride

T ELLURIDE : Wyndham Peaks

above Telluride, this luxury hotel has fabulous views of the surrounding mountain peaks. Advance reservations recommended. Ù μ 7 h / \\ Rte. 264, AZ 86043. § (928) 734-2401. ` (928) 734-6651. ∑ www.hopiculturalcenter.com This renovated hotel with an adobe look and pastel interior is the best accommodation for miles around. Ù μ h /

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S ECOND M ESA , H OPI R ESERVATION : Hopi Cultural Center Hotel

W INDOW R OCK : Quality Inn 48 W. Hwy 264, AZ 86515. § (800) 662-6189. ` (928) 871-5466.

This attractive, comfortable hotel is one of the Navajo reservation’s showpieces. Rooms are immaculately clean with bathrooms. Ù μ h /

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\\ Highway 84, NM 87510. § (800) 447-5621. ` (1800) 447-5621. ∑ www.abiquiuinn.com This roadside inn with pleasant modern rooms and amenities is the place to stay in Abiquiu. A good restaurant. Ù μ h /

A BIQUIU : Abiquiu Inn

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Cribs and a baby-sitting service available. Some hotel restaurants have children’s portions and high chairs.

R ESTAURANT

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C HILDREN W ELCOME

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Hotel restaurant or dining room usually open to non-residents unless otherwise stated.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

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C HAMA : The Gandy Dancer Bed & Breakfast

\\\ 299 Maple Ave., NM 87520. § (505) 756-2191. ` (505) 756-2649. ∑ wwwgandydancerbb.com One block from the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad, this delightful B&B is in a Victorian mansion. Ù μ h /

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\\\ 64 County Rd. 0100, NM 87522. § (800) 643-7201. ` (505) 351-2575. ∑ wwwcasaescondida.com Charming B&B in an adobe hacienda. Attractive rooms, furnished with Arts and Crafts-style antiques. Ù μ h /

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TAOS : American Artists Gallery House Bed & Breakfast \\\ 132 Frontier Lane, NM 87571. § (800) 532-2041. ` (505) 758-0497. ∑ www.taosbedandbreakfast.com Simply, but beautifully decorated with whitewashed walls and carved furniture. Great breakfasts. Ù μ 7 h /

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\\\ 227 Paseo del Pueblo Norte, NM 87571. § (800) 811-2933. ` (505) 751-7338. ∑ www.fechininn.com This elegant inn next to the Fechin House Museum

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\\\\\ 405 Cordoba Road, NM 87571. § (877) 758-4777. ` (505) 758-3976. ∑ www.visittaos.com Set in beautiful gardens near the town center. Fabulous breakfasts and complimentary evening buffet. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

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\\\ 543 Ski Valley Rd., NM 87514. § (505) 776-2422. ` (505) 776-5734. ∑ www.bandbtaos.com This stunning ranch home in the foothills of the

11

 

C HIMAYO : Casa Escondida Bed & Breakfast

C HIMAYO : Hacienda Rancho de Chimayo County Rd. 98, NM 87522. § (505) 351-2222. ` (505) 351-2222.





All the rooms here have antique beds and fireplaces, and are furnished with hand-woven Chimayo rugs and draperies. Ù 7 h /

C HIMAYO : The Inn at Halona 23B Pia Mesa, Zuni, NM 87327. § (800) 752-3278, (505) 782-4547. ` (505) 7822155. ∑ www.halona.com A B&B-style inn of modest rooms decorated with Zuni arts and crafts, offering a taste of Zuni village life. μ 7 (partial) h /

C IMARRON : St. James Hotel 17th & Collison, NM 87714. § (505) 376-2664. ` (505) 376-2623. ∑ www.stjamescimarron.com This landmark hotel dates from 1880. Jesse James and Buffalo Bill once stayed here. Ù μ 7 h /

\\

TAOS : Fechin Inn

was designed by the artist Nicolai Fechin and features hand-carved woodwork, paintings, and prints by the artist. Ù μ 7 h ÷ / \\\ 1005 Paseo del Pueblo Sur, NM 87571. § (800) 759-2736. ` (505) 758-0055.

TAOS : Don Fernando de Taos

Hand-carved furniture and adobe walls add a regional touch here. Tennis, heated pool, and hot tub. Ù μ 7 h / \\\ 125 Paseo del Pueblo Norte, NM 87571. § (888) 461-8267. ` (505) 758-5776. ∑ www.taosinn.com This historic inn just north of the plaza has rooms in

TAOS : Taos Inn

adobe buildings dating from the 1800s, which are decorated with Mexican tiles, locally made furniture, and hand-woven bedspreads. Ù μ 7 h /

TAOS : Casa de las Chimeneas

TAOS S KI VALLEY : Salsa del Salto

Songre de Cristo Mountains is just east of Ski Valley. Comfortable rooms, fabulous views, gourmet breakfasts, and a swimming pool. Ù μ h / \\\\\ Bishop’s Lodge Rd., NM 87501. § (800) 732-2240. ` (505) 989-8739. ∑ www.bishopslodge.com A luxurious, upscale resort with well-appointed

T ESUQUE : The Bishop’s Lodge

rooms and a wide range of activities available, including horseback riding, tennis, and hiking. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

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S ANTA F E : El Rey Inn 1862 Cerrillos Rd., NM 87505. § (800) 521-1349. ` (505) 989-9249. ∑ www.elreyinnsantafe.com One of the best of the lower-priced hotels on

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Cerrillos Road, this pleasant hotel has rooms decorated in Southwestern style set among lush gardens. Breakfast included in room rate. Ù μ 7 h /

S ANTA F E : Dancing Ground of the Sun

\\\ 711 Paseo de Peralta, NM 87501. § (800) 745-9910. ` (505) 982-8082. ∑ www.dancingground.com Charming 1930s bungalows in the heart of town feature rooms decorated with handcrafted furniture. Ù μ 7 h /

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S ANTA F E : Hotel St. Francis

\\\ 210 Don Gaspar Ave., NM 87501. § (800) 529-5700. ` (505) 989-7690. ∑ www.hotelstfrancis.com Built in 1920, this elegant hotel has attractive rooms and serves traditional afternoon tea in the spacious lobby. Ù μ 7 h /

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S ANTA F E : Inn of the Turquoise Bear \\\ 342 E. Buena Vista St., NM 87505. § (800) 396-4104. ` (505) 988-4225. ∑ www.turquoisebear.com B&B in an adobe villa set in acres of gardens, rock terraces, and tall pines. Great rooms and delicious breakfast. Ù μ 7 h /

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\\\\ 122 Grant Ave., NM 87501. § (800) 964-9003. ` (505) 983-1526. ∑ www.grantcornerinn.com This 1905 Colonial manor creates a wonderful country ambience in the heart of downtown. Ù μ 7 h /

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S ANTA F E : Grant Corner Inn

\\\\ 1501 Paseo de Peralta, NM 87501. § (800) 210-6441. ` (505) 955-7878. ∑ www.hotelsantafe.com Charming Native American-owned hotel with spacious rooms and contemporary decor. Ù μ 7 h /

S ANTA F E : Hotel Santa Fe

\\\\ 303 East Alameda, NM 87501. § (800) 289-2122. ` (505) 982-8756. ∑ www.inn-alameda.com This beautiful Pueblo-style hotel prides itself on

S ANTA F E : Inn on the Alameda

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attention to detail. Rooms and suites are elegantly decorated in soothing earth tones, and the buffet breakfast is fabulous. Ù μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\ 215 Washington St., NM 87501. § (866) 230-7737. ` (505) 986-9212. ∑ www.territorialinn.com Victorian B&B close the Plaza, famous for its “brandy turn-downs” in the evening. Breakfast included. Ù μ 7 h /

S ANTA F E : Territorial Inn

\\\\\ 100 E. San Francisco, NM 87501. § (800) 523-5002. ` (505) 982-6367. ∑ www.lafondasantafe.com A Santa Fe landmark, this newly renovated 1920s hotel stands on the site of an original 1610 adobe. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

S ANTA F E : La Fonda Hotel

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S ANTA F E : The Inn of the Five Graces

\\\\\ 150 East de Vargas, NM 87501. § (505) 992-0957. ` (505) 955-0549. ∑ www.fivegraces.com A small luxury inn with gracious oriental decor in an Old West adobe building with walled courtyards. Ù μ 7 h /

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\\\\\ 113 Washington Ave., NM 87501. § (800) 688-8100. ` (505) 988-3277. ∑ www.innoftheanasazi.com Luxurious rooms with four-poster beds. Elegant restaurant serving Southwestern cuisine (p261). Ù μ 7 h /

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\\\\\ 330 E. Palace Ave., NM 87501. § (800) 727-5276. ` (505) 982-6850. ∑ www.laposadadesantafe.com Romantic adobe cottages set amid fragrant gardens. Rooms are individually decorated. Ù μ 7 h /

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S ANTA F E : Inn of the Anasazi

S ANTA F E : La Posada de Santa Fe

A LBUQUERQUE

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A LAMORGORDO : Comfort Inn & Suites 1020 S. White Sands Blvd., NM 88310. § (505) 434-4200. ` (505) 437-8872.

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Comfortable, good-value motorlodge with large rooms and suites, near to attractions and restaurants. Deluxe breakfast included. Ù μ 7 h /

A LBUQUERQUE : Holiday Inn Mountain View 2020 Menaul Blvd., NM 87107. § (505) 884-2511. ` (505) 884-5720.

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Attractive hotel with spacious rooms, conveniently located near the j unction of I-25 and I-40. Views of the nearby mountains. Ù μ 7h÷/

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S WIMMING P OOL Hotel with an indoor or outdoor swimming pool.

A LBUQUERQUE : Albuquerque Doubletree Hotel 201 Marquette Ave., NW., NM 87102. § (888) 223-4113. ` (505) 247-7025. ∑ www.doubletreehotels.com Very comfortable, friendly, well-appointed hotel in the heart of downtown. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

A LBUQUERQUE : Albuquerque Hilton 1901 University Blvd., NE., NM 87102. § (800) 274-6835. ` (505) 880-1196. ∑ www.hilton. com Resort-like facility in the heart of downtown, with courtyard gardens, and in- and outdoor pools. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

S WIMMING P OOL

G ARDEN /T ERRACE

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C HILDREN W ELCOME Cribs and a baby-sitting service available. Some hotel restaurants have children’s portions and high chairs.

G ARDEN /T ERRACE

Hotel restaurant or dining room usually open to non-residents unless otherwise stated.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

R ESTAURANT

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Price categories for a standard double room per night, inclusive service charges and any additional taxes: \ under US$50 \\ US$50– $100 \\\ US$100– $150 \\\\ US$150– $200 \\\\\ US$200 plus.

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\\\ 6708 Tierra Dr., NW., NM 87107. § (800) 201-2986. ` (505) 345-3855. ∑ www.haciendantigua.com This grand old adobe home has rooms decorated with colorful quilts, polished antiques, and fresh flowers. Ù h /

A LBUQUERQUE : Hacienda Antigua

\\\ 125 2nd Street NW., NM 87102. § (800) 777-5732. ` (505) 242-8664. ∑ www.laposada-abq.com Built in 1939, this historic boutique-style hotel features a two-story atrium lobby and elegant Spanish decor. Ù μ 7 h /

A LBUQUERQUE : La Posada de Albuquerque

\\\ 701 Roma Ave., NM 87102. § (505) 242-8755. ` (505) 842-8835. ∑ www.maugerbb.com A beatifully restored Queen Anne estate built in 1897 that features comfortable, attractively decorated rooms. Ù μ h /

A LBUQUERQUE : Mauger Estate B&B

\\\ 6000 Pan American Freeway NE, NM 87109. § (505) 798-4300. ` (505) 798- 4305.

A LBUQUERQUE : Nativo Lodge

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This welcoming hotel has simple Southwestern decor, an atrium, and bright, comfortable rooms. Ù μ 7 h ÷ / \\\ 2600 Louisiana NE., NM 87110. § (800) 252-7772. ` (505) 881-3736. ∑ www.sheratonuptown.com Great value at this beautiful hotel, near two

A LBUQUERQUE : Sheraton Albuquerque Uptown

major shopping malls, with quick access to Old Town and the airport. Rooms are large, comfortable, and tastefully appointed. Ù μ 7 h ÷ / \\\\ 110 San Felipe NW., NM 87104. § (800) 758-3639. ` (505) 243-4378. ∑ www.bottger.com Victorian luxury is on offer at this family-run B&B,

A LBUQUERQUE : Bottger-Koch Mansion B&B

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set in this delightful historic mansion. Rooms have four-poster beds, and there is a courtyard garden. Ù μ h / \\\\ 310 Rio Grande Blvd., SW., NM 87104. § (505) 247-4560. ` (505) 842-8493. ∑ www.casasdesuenos.com This “House of Dreams” was a 1930s artists’ colony. Charming cottages surround a lovely courtyard. Ù μ 7 h /

A LBUQUERQUE : Casas de Sueños

\\

C ARLSBAD : Holiday Inn Carlsbad 601 S. Canal St., NM 88220. § (505) 885-8500. ` (505) 887-5999.

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Attractive, reliable chain property with many amenities, such as heated pool, whirlpool, sauna, playground, and cable TV. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

C EDAR C REST : Elaine’s Bed & Breakfast 72 Snowline Rd, NM 87008. § (800) 821-3092. ` (505) 281-1384. ∑ www.elainesbnb.com This three-story, timber-built home is located in

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the evergreen Sandia Peaks. Very V comfortable rooms are furnished with antiques, and have alpine views. Ù h / \\\\ 1 Corono Place, NM 88317. § (800) 395-6343. ` (505) 682-2715. ∑ www.thelodgeresort.com This historic mountain railroad resort, built in 1911,

C LOUDCROFT : The Lodge

offers superb service amid Victorian ambience. An excellent restaurant, Rebecca’s (see p263) and golf course are also available. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

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\\\ 50 Casita Flats Rd., NM 88038. § (505) 535-4455. ` (505) 535-4456. ∑ www.casitasdegila.com These cozy adobe guesthouses with rustic Mexican furniture are set in grounds at the edge of Gila National Forest. Ù 7 h /

G ILA : Casitas de Gila Guesthouses

\

G RANTS : Travelodge 1608 E. Santa Fe Ave., NM 87020. § (505) 287-7800. ` (505) 287-7800. ∑ www.travelodge.com Well-appointed, spacious rooms decorated with New Mexican art. Indoor pool and complimentary breakfast. Ù μ 7 h /



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\\\\ 4 Canyon Dr., NM 87026. § (800) 808-8310. ` (505) 836-2922. ∑ www.apachecanyon.com This high-desert ranch inn is set in the sweeping landscape east of Grants. Beautiful rooms. Ù μ 7 h /

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J EMEZ S PRINGS : The Dancing Bear 314 San Diego Dr., NM 87025. § (800) 422-3271. ` (505) 829-3395. ∑ www.dancingbearbandb.com Nestled beneath a red rock mesa, comfortable rooms have views of the mountains and Jemez River. Ù μ h /

L AGUNA : Apache Canyon Ranch B&B

L AS C RUCES : Hilltop Hacienda B&B 2600 Westmoreland, NM 88012. § (505) 382-3556. ` (505) 382-0308.

Fantastic views of the mountains and desert valley from this hilltop B&B. The comfortable rooms are filled with antiques. Pets allowed. Ù h /

L AS C RUCES : T.R.H. Smith Mansion B&B 909 North Alameda Blvd., NM 88005. § (800) 526-1914. ` (505) 524-8227. ∑ www.smithmansion.com Characterful 1914 home with bedrooms

representing different areas of the world: the Americas room has a fireplace and loveseat. Full German breakfast is included. Ù h / \\\ Hwy 380, NM 88338. § (800) 653-6460. ` (505) 653-4610. ∑ www.ellisstore.com

L INCOLN : Ellis Store Country Inn

Old West charm and gracious hospitality are offered in this 1850s adobe home. Rooms feature handmade quilts and fireplace or woodburning stove. Delicious breakfast included, and gourmet restaurant. Ù 7 h / \\

R OSWELL : Best Western Sally Port Inn 2000 N. Main St., NM 88201. § (505) 622-6430. ` (505) 623-7631. ∑ www.bestwestern.com The top hotel in Roswell, with heated pool, whirlpool, and saunas. Ù μ 7 h ÷ /

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R UIDOSO : Dan Dee Cabins 310 Main Rd., NM 88345. § (505) 257-2165. ∑ www.ruidoso.com

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Surrounded by acres of forest but just minutes from town, these charming mountain cottages feature rustic decor. Ideal for families. Ù μ 7 h /

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L AS C RUCES : The Lundeen Inn of the Arts

\\\ 618 S. Alameda Blvd., NM 88005. § (505) 526-3326. ` (505) 647-1334. ∑ www.innofthearts.com This 100-year-old Mexican territorial inn has been lovingly restored and is loaded with Southwestern charm. Ù μ h /

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\\\ 17 Carlsbad Caverns Hwy., NM 88268. § (505) 785-2291. ` (505) 785-2283. ∑ www.bestwestern.com Part of the White’s City complex and convenient for Carlsbad Caverns. The large rooms offer good value. Ù μ 7 h /

63 







R UIDOSO : Hawthorn Suites & Golf Resort 107 Sierra Blanco Dr., NM 88354. § (505) 258-5500. ` (505) 258-2419. ∑ www.ruidosohawthorn.com This upscale full-service resort has attractive

\\\

grounds and a golf course. The big lounge area features a cozy fireplace. Buffet breakfast. Ù μ 7 h ÷ å / \\\\ 2251 Cottage San Rd., NM 88061. § (505) 538-2538. ` (505) 534-1827. ∑ www.bearmountainlodge.com This 1928 lodge set on 178 acres (70 ha) of

S ILVER C ITY : Bear Mountain Lodge

land has been luxuriously reappointed. Local outdoor activities include bird-watching, hiking, and mountain biking. Breakfast included. Ù 7 h /

W HITE ’ S C ITY : Best Western Cavern Inn

W HITE ’ S C ITY : Guadalupe Inn 17 Carlsbad Caverns Hwy., NM 88268. § (505) 785-2291. ` (505) 785-2283. ∑ www.whitescity.com This small resort is the nearest accommodation to

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Carlsbad Caverns. Rooms are comfortable and well appointed with amenities such as HBO. Ù μ 7 h / For key to symbols see back flap

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offering a topcafés. Mexican food is often class regional cuisine, best at local restaurants in which is rapidly New Mexico, Arizona, gaining international reand Colorado, while Utah cognition, the Southwest favors American fare. offers a diverse range of Restaurants with a cowboy eating experiences, espeor Mexican theme are usuPub sign in Flagstaff cially in its larger cities. Santa ally inexpensive and can be Fe, Phoenix, Albuquerque, entertaining. Hotel restaurants Tucson, and Las Vegas rival any city in often serve the best food in small towns. the country for the quality of ingrediThe restaurants listed on pages ents and variety of cuisine available, 250– 63 have been chosen for their with ambiences ranging from rustic to quality, variety, and good value. Some romantic. Southwestern cuisine is typical dishes available in the Southincreasingly served in casual but stylish west are shown on pages 248 –9.

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WELL AS

Interior of a regional restaurant in Santa Fe

E ATING H OURS FOUND elsewhere in the US, breakfast is often a banquet: restaurants have extensive breakfast menus to choose from while hotels often have large buffets. Bacon, eggs, hash brown potatoes, pancakes, waffles, cereals, toast, and muffins appear on most menus. Sunday brunch is a feast to be lingered over, with seafood, meat, and poultry dishes served as well. Breakfast times range from 6 or 6:30am to 10:30 or 11am, though “allday breakfasts” are popular at many cafés. Brunch is frequently served until 2pm. Lunch is generally served from around 11:30am until 2:30 or 3pm. Many of the pricier restaurants offer scaled-down versions of their evening menu, which can be good value. Evening meals are served

A

from 5:30 or 6pm, and the last seating is seldom later than 9pm. In small towns, many restaurants are closed in the evening. At the other extreme, Las Vegas’ 24-hour culture offers a variety of meals at any time of the day or night.

P RICES

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in the Southwest is very reasonable, and even the most expensive restaurants offer good value. Light meals in cafés and diners usually cost between $5–$10, while chain restaurants serve complete dinners such as chicken or steak with potatoes and vegetables or salad for under $10. Mexican restaurants generally offer huge combination plates for $8–$12. At finer restaurants and upscale cafés, dinner entrées range from $15–$30, and a three-course meal,

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ATING OUT

excluding wine, can still be found for under $50. In Las Vegas, the casino buffets serve myriad dishes, such as roasts, salads, pasta, and fish, to a high standard at reasonable prices (usually allyou-can-eat for under $15). The standard tip is 15 percent of the cost of the meal, before tax. Tipping should be based on service, and if it is outstanding, leave up to 20 percent. Bartenders expect to be tipped accordingly for each round of drinks. Sales tax will not be shown on menu prices, but apply to each item of food and drink. Although they vary from state to state and from city to city, these usually add around 5 –7 percent to the cost of a meal.

T YPES OF F OOD AND R ESTAURANTS in the Southwest come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes from small and friendly diners offering hearty burgers and snacks to gourmet restaurants serving the latest Southwestern and fusion cuisine, to the lavish dining rooms in some of the area’s top resorts, particularly in Phoenix and Las Vegas. Starting at the lower end of the scale, fast food is a way of life throughout the country, and a string of outlets such as McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s, and Arby’s are found along the main strips

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of most towns in the region. They serve the usual inexpensive variations on burgers, fries, and soft drinks. Chains such as Applebee’s and Denny’s offer more variety, with soups, salads, sandwiches, meals, and desserts. These are generally good value, but the quality varies from one establishment to the next. Pizza chains are also ubiquitous in the region. Mid-range restaurants can include a range of ethnic cuisine, such as Italian, Greek, Chinese, Japanese, and Indian food. Many good restaurants of this type can be found at shopping malls. Mexican restaurants proliferate in the region, especially in New Mexico and southern Arizona, and vary from roadside stands and snack bars to upscale restaurants where the food is complemented by the architecture. These are often set in adobe buildings with lush interior courtyards that provide a romantic ambience. “Southwestern” cuisine is a fusion of Native American, Hispanic, and international influences, and is increasingly showcased in the region’s finest restaurants. These often feature a renowned resident chef (such as Mark Miller in Santa Fe’s Coyote Café, see p261). Las Vegas is also home to some of the most elegant restaurants in the country. In the 1990s, several of the city’s best hotels recruited celebrity chefs. Now, every hotel has at least one upscale restaurant with a world-class menu and the involvement of such influential names as

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Hollywood’s Wolfgang Puck of Spago’s fame, who owns several restaurants along the Strip including Spago at Caesars Palace (see p255).

everywhere, from fine restaurants to fast-food chains. Salads can be a meal in themselves; they usually come with meat and seafood, but vegetarian orders are often accommodated. Many fast food chains also now serve salads, soups, or baked potatoes to cater to the more health conscious customer.

A LCOHOL EER, PARTICULARLY

the cervezas imported from Mexico, is the most popular drink in the region, although Las Vegas is renowned for its cocktails. Visitors need to be 21 to buy alcohol. Be sure to carry I.D. as it is often requested before you are served. Utah’s licensing laws, influenced by the Mormon community, are stricter, with liquor stores open for shorter hours and never on a Sunday. Alcohol is forbidden on all native reservations.

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Traditional American diner, Lindy’s, in Albuquerque

C OFFEE H OUSES AND C AFÉS are popular throughout Southwest resorts and major cities. Along with specialty coffees, they generally serve pastries, bagels, desserts, and delicatessen fare. Cafés range from simple establishments serving sandwiches to trendy eateries offering Southwestern cuisine.

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OFFEE HOUSES

V EGETARIAN American cuisine is largely meat based. Vegetarians may not find much variety outside the larger cities and resorts. However, salad bars are big

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OUTHWESTERN AND

D ISABLED FACILITIES required to provide wheelchair access and a ground-level restroom by law, but check with older places in advance.

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STABLISHMENTS ARE

C HILDREN is not primarily a family resort, the Southwest is generally child-friendly. Restaurants often serve children’s portions and will provide a high chair.

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HILE LAS VEGAS

D RESS C ODES throughout the Southwest. Even in upscale restaurants, there is seldom a need for a jacket and tie. In the land of cowboys, jeans are acceptable almost everywhere. In Las Vegas, however, dress smartly for the classier restaurants.

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INING IS CASUAL

S MOKING restaurants have smoking and nonsmoking areas, although many ban smoking entirely throughout the establishment, including the bar area.

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Southwestern decor at the Two Micks Cantina Grill in Tucson

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An Introduction to Southwestern Food

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reflects the region’s strong Hispanic and Native cultures. Mexican food and its more refined cousin, Southwestern cuisine, enjoy a following around the globe. One of the pleasures of a visit to the region is discovering that a great variety of dishes are available; made with the freshest ingredients, and cooked with expertise. Those with tender tastebuds need not fear the chile pepper, which is at the heart of the cuisine. Chiles can pack a powerful bite, but milder varieties add flavor Red and green chiles without heat. Most menus in restaurants frequented by tourists provide an explanation of the dishes, and staff are happy to offer advice. The region’s other great staple is beef, and there is no shortage of good steaks and burgers in most areas. Santa Fe is possibly the culinary capital of the Southwest, with a range of restaurants in all price categories (see pp260 – 61). OUTHWESTERN FOOD

N EW M EXICAN F OOD ingredients of Southwestern cuisine are similar to those found in Mexican cooking, including corn, beans, cheese, tomatoes and, of course, chile. But there the similarity ends, for the combination and method of Southwestern cooking is different to that of Mexico. New Mexican cuisine has its roots in the Pueblo culture, whose foods and cooking methods were adapted by early settlers. Today, a great variety of dishes can be found across the region. The distinctive taste of many local dishes may come from such ingredients as home-grown chiles or nuts from the piñon pine, which are considered a delicacy, as well as from the use of precious family recipes. More unusual regional ingredients include nopales, the fruit of the prickly pear cactus, the chayote (similar to zucchini), or the tomatillos, a walnut-sized green berry. Mexican food and its Anglo version, Tex-Mex, are found all over the Southwest, but the fundamental distinction of New Mexican regional food lies in its chile sauces. In New Mexico these are made wholly of fresh or ground chile and form the basis for many dishes. In Mexican food the sauces are often tomatobased with chile added as a

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HE MAIN

A tortilla and bean stall at Tumacacori, southern Arizona

be served with either green or red chile on top. Contrary to popular myth, one is not necessarily hotter than the other. The heat depends on the variety of chile, how many seeds it contains, and spice. New Mexican sauces on the soil conditions that use puréed green or red year. Restaurants used by chile diluted with water; locals generally serve garlic, salt, and somea hotter chile than times herbs are added those catering to for seasoning and tourists. If you’re flour for thickening. unsure, many Meat may be added restaurants will let in some sauces. you have a little dish R ED OR GREEN ? of each on the side – this is known as OU WILL OFTEN hear “Christmas” (see p218). this question when There are more than a ordering Southwestern A selection of hundred types of chile cuisine. They’re talking dried chiles available, including about chile, of course, NuMex, poblano, which is more of a staple mulato, jalapeño, and chipotle. than a specialty in much of Very hot varieties include the region. Many dishes can cayenne and habanero.

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W HAT

TO D RINK A margarita, a tequila cocktail served in a salt-rimmed glass, is the classic drink with Mexican food, as are Mexican beers such as Corona, Tecate, and San Miguel. (Beer is also known to cool burning chile mouths.) California wines feature on most wine lists, but consider trying some of the little-known local wines. There are small regional wineries in southern Arizona and New Mexico. Sonoita Vineyards, near Elgin, Arizona, has received national recognition for its Pinot Noir and Cabernet wines. New Mexico’s winemaking tradition stretches back to the first Spanish missionaries. Among its 19 wineries, the Gruet winery is known for its excellent sparkling wines. The Tucson and New Mexico tourist offices can provide details A margarita Mexican cocktail on various tours and tastings. beer

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C LASSIC S OUTHWESTERN D ISHES ORTILLAS ARE flat pancakes made of wheat or corn. They are the basis of many Southwestern dishes, since they can be stuffed or rolled, served soft or crispy (fried), and are the perfect partner for such classic ingredients as beef, chicken, or bean and cheese filling and topped with chile or salsa. Variations on the tortilla include the burrito, or the larger burro, a soft floury pancake, which becomes a crispy chimichanga when deep-fried. Flautas, also fried, are similar, but the burrito is rolled rather than folded around its ingredients. Enchiladas are rolled corn tortillas, filled with cheese, beef, or chicken, and usually topped with a red chile sauce and melted cheese. Small, fried tortillas or tacos are a popular snack food. They are folded in half and filled with ground beef, beans, onions, tomatoes, lettuce, and grated cheese. Salsa is found on almost every table in the region. This cold spicy sauce of tomatoes, onions, chiles, herbs, and spices is served with many dishes. Guacamole is another topping or dip, made from avocados, lime or lemon juice, chile, cilantro (coriander), and spices.

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T-bone steak

Steak sauce

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Baked potato

Corn on the cob

Classic grilled T-bone steak with accompaniments

The chile relleno is perhaps the region’s signature chile dish. A whole green chile is stuffed with cheese, dipped in a light egg batter, and deep fried. It is sometimes stuffed with rice or meat. Chiles are frequently eaten at breakfast, especially huevos rancheros – fried eggs on a soft tortilla, served with chile, melted cheese, and refried beans. Popular desserts include sopaipilla, a light pastry that puffs up when fried and is served with honey to drizzle over the top, and flan, a firm, creamy, caramel custard.

M EAT,

POULTRY, AND FISH

cooking also features some great meat and poultry dishes. Carne asada means roasted, or sometimes grilled meat, while carne seca is beef that has

S

OUTHWESTERN

been dried in the sun before cooking. Carnitas is beef or pork slow-roasted in green chile and spices, then served shredded with flour tortillas. The Southwest is a ranching region, so sirloins, T-bones, and other cuts of steak are in plentiful supply. Both fish and seafood are popular, and the quality is high since fresh fish is flown in from California.

N ATIVE A MERICAN S PECIALTIES specifically Native American restaurants. Indian fry bread – a flat, fried dough served with honey or other toppings – is often sold at food stands outside tourist attractions or at events. Navajo tacos are made with a base of fry bread rather than tortilla. Hopi piki bread is made from ground corn and boiling water and cooked in a thin layer over a hot surface. At festivals special foods may be offered to visitors such as fried rabbit meat, or Three Sisters Stew made with corn, beans, and squash.

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HERE ARE FEW

C OOKING S CHOOLS Enchiladas

Huevos rancheros

Tacos with guacamole

Chile relleno

If you wish to learn to cook Southwestern meals, two cooking schools offer a variety of courses. These are the Santa Fe School of Cooking, 116 W. San Francisco Street, Santa Fe, tel: (505) 9834511, and Jane Butel’s Southwestern Cooking School, c/o La Posada de Albuquerque, 125 2nd Street NW, Albuquerque, tel: (505) 243-2622 or (800) 472-8229.

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C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

HE RESTAURANTS in this guide have been selected across a wide range of price categories for their exceptional food, good value, or interesting location. Entries are listed by region, in alphabetical order within price category. The thumb tabs on the pages use the same color-coding as the corresponding regional chapters in the main section of this guide.

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G RAND C ANYON

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F LAGSTAFF : Charly’s Pub & Grill 23 N. Leroux, AZ 86001. § (928) 779-1919.

 



This fast-moving restaurant is a popular spot, serving an enticing range of burgers and sandwiches, as well as Mexican specialties. 7 / \

F LAGSTAFF : Downtown Diner 7 E. Aspen Ave., AZ 86001. § (928) 774-3492.

 

An atmospheric spot, popular with the locals, the Downtown Diner serves inexpensive, filling American meals from early each morning. /

F LAGSTAFF : San Felipe’s Cantina 103 N. Leroux, AZ 86001. § (928) 779-6000.

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A popular and lively spot, offering an excellent range of Baja style Mexican dishes at reasonable prices. The fish tacos are especially tasty. 7 /

F LAGSTAFF : Black Bart’s 2760 E. Butler Ave., AZ 86001. § (928) 779-3142.

Enjoy great steaks and seafood in this appealing Western atmosphere. Waiting staff sing Western favorites on a wooden stage. 7 / \\\

F LAGSTAFF : Cottage Place Restaurant 126 W. Cottage Ave., AZ 86001. § (928) 774-8431.



One of Flagstaff’s best restaurants, an imaginative menu includes vegetarian dishes and a good selection of seafood and meats. 7 ˚ / ¢ L; Mon.





 



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F LAGSTAFF : Pasto 19 E. Aspen, AZ 86001. § (928) 779-1937.

A busy, downtown restaurant, with excellent Italian cuisine and bargain daily specials. Vegetarian and wheat-free dishes also served. 7 / ¢ L Sat & Sun. \

G RAND C ANYON V ILLAGE : Maswik Cafeteria Grand Canyon South Rim, AZ 86023. § (928) 638-2631.

Maswik Lodge (see p233) offers this inexpensive, self-service café, with Mexican food as its specialty. There is also a cocktail lounge. 7 /

G RAND C ANYON : Bright Angel Restaurant Bright Angel Lodge, AZ 86023. § (928) 638-2631.

This bustling café-restaurant serves light meals and salad, as well as full meals. Reservations are not accepted, so you may have to line up. 7 /

G RAND C ANYON : Grand Canyon Lodge North Rim, AZ 86023. § (928) 638-2611.

Though remote, this lodge (see p233) manages to sustain a good restaurant, where American dishes are served. 7 Partial. / ¢ Oct–May. \\

G RAND C ANYON : Phantom Ranch Grand Canyon, AZ 86023. § (928) 638-2631.

 

Situated on the canyon floor and accessible only by hiking or mule trail, Phantom Ranch (see p232) 2 has a canteen providing meals by advance reservation only. The house specialty is the “Hiker’s Stew”. /

G RAND C ANYON V ILLAGE : El Tovar Hotel Grand Canyon South Rim, AZ 86023. § (928) 638-2631.

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El Tovar (see p233) has a large dining room overlooking the South Rim of Grand Canyon. The menu is wide-ranging and portions are large. Reservations for dinner are pretty much essential. 7 ˚ /

J EROME : English Kitchen 119 Jerome Ave., AZ 86331. § (928) 634-2132.

This café serves standard but well-prepared breakfast and lunch in premises that served as an opium den in Jerome’s wild past. ¢ D; Mon. /

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O UTDOOR E ATING Some tables on a patio or terrace.

V EGETARIAN S PECIALTIES One menu always includes a selection of vegetarian dishes.

B AR A REA There is a bar area or cocktail bar within the restaurant, available for drinks and/or bar snacks.

F IXED -P RICE M ENU A fixed-price menu available at a good rate, for lunch, dinner or both, usually with three courses.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES Small portions and/or high chairs available on request.

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J EROME : Flatiron Café

416 N. Main St., AZ 86331. § (928) 634-2733.

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Great salads are a specialty of this amiable café in the center of Jerome. Also try the tasty scrambled eggs at breakfast. ¢ D. /



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K INGMAN : Mr D’z Route 66 Diner

105 E. Andy Devine, AZ 86401. § (928) 718-0066.

Painted pink and peppermint green, there is no missing this cheerful diner, which is crammed with Route 66 memorabilia. 7 / \\

L AKE H AVASU C ITY : Mudshark Brewing Co. 210 Swanson Ave, AZ 86403. § (928) 453-2981.

  

The creative menu here exceeds the usual pub fare, and includes Southwest-style meat and fish, plus sandwiches and their own beer. ˚ f / \\\

L AKE H AVASU C ITY : Shugrue’s 1425 McCulloch Blvd., AZ 86403. § (928) 453-1400.

   

This attractive restaurant with views of London Bridge serves fresh seafood and steaks; garlic-crusted halibut and pepper steak are popular dishes. 7 /



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S EDONA : Black Cow Café 229 N. Highway 89A, AZ 86336. § (928) 203-9868.

Bright and breezy, this café makes an excellent pit stop, serving filling sandwiches, cakes, and pastries. The homemade ice cream is irresistible. 7 \\

  

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S EDONA : Dahl & Diluca Ristorante Italiano 2321 W. Hwy 89A, AZ 86336. § (928) 282-5219.

A cozy place offering dishes inspired by Tuscan cuisine. Its claim that guests can “dine in Italy without leaving Sedona” is entirely justifiable. 7 /

S EDONA : El Rincon Restaurante Mexicano Tlaquepaque Mall, 336 S. Hwy. 179, Suite A112, AZ 86336. § (928) 282-4648.

This well-established restaurant specializes in tasty Mexican and Navajoinfluenced dishes. The margaritas are superb. 7 /

S EDONA : Oaxaca Restaurante & Cantina 321 N. Highway 89A, AZ 86336. § (928) 282-4179.

A lively and appealing café-restaurant serving Southwestern and Mexican dishes. Open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. 7 /

S EDONA : Takashi Japanese Restaurant 465 Jordan Rd., AZ 86336. § (928) 282-2334.

Traditional Japanese cuisine to eat in or take out is available at this friendly restaurant. Dishes include tempura, teriyaki, and sushi. ¢ Mon. 7 /

S EDONA : Shugrue’s Hillside Grill

Hillside Courtyard, 671 Hwy 179, AZ 86336. § (928) 282-5300.

Arguably the best steaks in town can be enjoyed at this brisk, modern restaurant. The service is excellent; both efficient and courteous. 7 /

W ILLIAMS : Miss Kitty’s Steakhouse

Mountainside Inn, 642 E. Route 66, AZ 86046. § (928) 635-4431.

A local tradition, Miss Kitty’s offers tasty steaks, ribs, and more at good prices. There is live music and dancing most nights of the week. 7 f / \

W ILLIAMS : Twisters Soda Fountain & The Route 66 Place 417 E. Route 66, AZ 86046. § (928) 635-0266.





One of the few of the town’s old diners that has survived, Twisters is furnished with colorful retro American memorabilia. 7 / \\

W ILLIAMS : Rod’s ’ Steak House

301 E. Route 66, AZ 86046. § (928) 635-2671.





Established in 1946, this traditional steak house has long been a Route 66 landmark. The steaks are well prepared and service is first-rate. / For key to symbols see back flap

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One menu always includes a selection of vegetarian dishes.

B AR A REA There is a bar area or cocktail bar within the restaurant, available for drinks and/or bar snacks.

F IXED -P RICE M ENU A fixed-price menu available at a good rate, for lunch, dinner or both, usually with three courses.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES Small portions and/or high chairs available on request.

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Some tables on a patio or terrace.

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A PACHE J UNCTION : Mining Camp Restaurant & Trading Post 6100 E. Mining Camp St., AZ 85217. § (480) 982-3181.

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This well-established restaurant, in a modern version of a miners’ canteen, offers tasty traditional American dishes at affordable prices. / ¢ Jul–Sep.

G LOBE : Chalo’s 902 East Ash St, AZ 85501. § (928) 425-0515.

This restaurant is a local favorite. The interior is simple with linoleum floors and vinyl booths, but the Mexican food is delicious, including huge servings of enchiladas smothered in homemade sauces. 7 / \

G LOBE : La Luz del Dia 304 N. Broad St., AZ 85001. § (928) 425-8400.



For something distinctive, try this Mexican bakery and coffee shop. A good place to fill up before exploring this attractive town and its surroundings.



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N OGALES : La Roca Restaurant Calle Elias 91, Nogales, Mexico. § (011-52) 631-312-4686.

This spacious restaurant is built into a rocky outcrop. The interior has Spanish colonial decor and folk art. The margaritas are superb. 7 / \

P HOENIX : Arcadia Farms Heard Museum, 2301 N. Central Ave., AZ 85004. § (602) 252-8848.

 



A full lunch restaurant serving Southwestern salads, sandwiches, and complete meals. 7 / ¢ D. \

P HOENIX : Sam’s Café 2566 E. Camelback Rd., AZ 85016. § (602) 954-7100.

   

This great value restaurant offers hand-crafted specialties such as apple wood-smoked salmon and chile-rubbed shrimp with salsa. 7 f / \\

  

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P HOENIX : Aunt Chilada’s at Squaw Peak 7330 N. Dreamy Draw Dr., AZ 85020. § (602) 944-1286.



Mexican food is the specialty of this popular restaurant, which occupies an imaginatively modernized, 19th-century general store. 7 f /

P HOENIX : Avanti Restaurant 2728 E. Thomas Rd., AZ 85016. § (602) 956-0900.

With justification, the Avanti bills itself as a Valley tradition – it has been serving up first-rate Italian cuisine for nearly 30 years. 7 ˚ /

P HOENIX : Rustler’s Rooste

\\\ Pointe South Mountain Resort, 7777 S. Pointe Pkwy., AZ 85044. § (602) 4316474. Those with a hankering for Western country-style fixings can enjoy mesquite-grilled steaks and ribs. Live country music. 7 f / ¢ L Mon–Sat.

 

\\\\ Wigwam Resort, 300 Wigwam Blvd., Litchfield Pk., AZ 85340. § (623) 935-3811.

 

P HOENIX : Arizona Kitchen

Diners can watch the innovative Southwestern cuisine being prepared in this charming open-plan restaurant at the exclusive Wigwam. 7 /

P HOENIX : Vincent’s on Camelback 3930 E. Camelback Rd., AZ 85251. § (602) 224-0225.

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This classy restaurant offers an imaginative menu that blends French and Southwestern cuisine. Advance reservations are recommended. 7 ˚ / ¢ Mon & Sun mid-May–Sep.

\\\ Hyatt Regency at Gainey Ranch, 7500 E. Doubletree Ranch Rd., AZ 85258. § (480) 483-5574. The singing servers offer a serenade that precedes – if you book it – a gondola ride on the canal behind the hotel. 7 ˚ f / ¢ L.

S COTTSDALE : Ristorante Sandolo

  



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\\\ Hyatt Regency at Gainey Ranch, 7500 E. Doubletree Ranch Rd., AZ 85258 § (480) 991-3388. The emphasis of this excellent café is on Southwest cuisine with such delicacies as fajitas and adobo, a marinated steak. 7 /

  

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S COTTSDALE : The Squash Blossom

S COTTSDALE : Compass Restaurant Hyatt Regency, 122 N. 2nd St., AZ 85004. § (602) 440-3166.

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Phoenix’s only revolving restaurant has fabulous views across the city. The food is first-rate too, featuring regional American dishes. 7 ˚ / \\\\

S COTTSDALE : Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse 7001 N. Scottsdale Rd., AZ 85253. § (480) 991-5988.

  

One of the best steakhouses in town, noted for its corn-fed and aged US prime beef. Chicken and seafood dishes are also available. 7 /

S COTTSDALE : La Hacienda Scottsdale Princess, 7575 E. Princess Dr., AZ 85255. § (480) 585-4848.

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This top-flight restaurant features a superb range of authentic Mexican dishes and is ideal for a leisurely and luxurious night out. Strolling Mariachis serenade guests while they eat. 7 ˚ f /

S COTTSDALE : Mary Elaine’s The Phoenician, 6000 E. Camelback Rd., AZ 85251. § (480) 941-8200.

 



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One of the city’s smartest restaurants, Mary Elaine’s focuses on contemporary French cuisine with an Italian twist. The location offers a plush setting and fine views over the valley. Men need jackets. 7 ˚ /

T UCSON : El Charro Café 311 N. Court Ave., AZ 85701. § (520) 622-1922.

Tucson’s oldest Mexican restaurant is critically acclaimed as serving some of the best traditional Mexican food in the country. Try the famous carne seca – beef that is sun-dried on site – a Tucson specialty. 7 /

T UCSON : La Cocina Old Town Artisans, 201 N. Court Ave., AZ 85701. § (520) 622-0351.

Dine outdoors in the lush shady courtyard, or indoors surrounded by art shows. The dishes are works of art as well. ¢ D. 7 /

T UCSON : Schlotzsky’s Deli 3270 E. Valencia Blvd., AZ 85706. § (520) 741-2333.

This exceptional chain serves healthy and delicious sandwiches, salads, and pizzas. Try the “Original” sandwich that made them famous. 7 /

T UCSON : Café Poca Cosa 88 E. Broadway, AZ 85701. § (520) 622-6400.

A friendly restaurant serving fine authentic Mexican cuisine, with dishes from several regions. Vibrant Mexican-style decor. ¢ Sun. 7 /

T UCSON : El Corral 2201 E. River Road, AZ 85718. § (520) 299-6092.

This inexpensive steak house is set in an old adobe hacienda with wood beams, fireplaces, and stone floors. The specialty is prime rib. 7 /

T UCSON : The Grill 5601 N. Hacienda del Sol Rd., AZ 85718. § (520) 529-3500, (800) 728-6514.

The Grill offers American regional cooking at its finest. Fresh ingredients and inspired combinations make the menu truly memorable. 7 ˚ /

T UCSON : Janos Westin La Paloma, 3770 E. Sunrise Dr., AZ 85718. § (520) 615-6100.

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One of Tucson’s most elegant restaurants, Janos blends French cooking techniques with Southwestern ingredients. The menu changes seasonally and the extensive wine list is chosen to match. ¢ Sun & public hols. 7 ˚ /

T OMBSTONE : Big Nose Kate’s 417 E. Allen St., AZ 85638 § (520) 457-3107.

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This restaurant has a great old-fashioned saloon atmosphere, with an original cowboy bar and loads of Western memorabilia. 7 f /

T OMBSTONE : O.K. Café 3rd & Allen Streets, AZ 85638. § (520) 457-3980.



Charbroiled buffalo, emu, and ostrich burgers are the main dishes at this historic café, along with soups, salads, daily lunch specials, and tasty desserts. The service is fast and friendly. 7 / For key to symbols see back flap

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N E E D S

One menu always includes a selection of vegetarian dishes.

B AR A REA There is a bar area or cocktail bar within the restaurant, available for drinks and/or bar snacks.

F IXED -P RICE M ENU A fixed-price menu available at a good rate, for lunch, dinner or both, usually with three courses.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES Small portions and/or high chairs available on request.

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T UMACACORI : Wisdom Café 1931 Frontage Rd., AZ 85640. § (520) 398-2397.

  

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Some tables on a patio or terrace.

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Serving outstanding Mexican fare based on old family recipes, this café is famous for its crispy chimichangas and fruit-filled burros. ¢ Sun. 7

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D OWNTOWN : California Pizza Kitchen At the Mirage, 3400 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 791-7111.



Features an enormous range of gourmet wood-fired pizzas, as well as a choice of pastas, salads, and delicious desserts. 7 / \\



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D OWNTOWN : Center Stage At Jackie Gaughan’s Plaza, 1 Main St., NV 89125. § (702) 386-2110.

Housed in a second-story glass dome this American restaurant offers great views of the Fremont Street Experience (see p118). ¢ L. 7 /

D OWNTOWN : Second Street Grill Fremont Hotel, 200 E. Fremont St., NV 89109. § (702) 385-3232.

Distinctive Pacific Rim fusion food served in a South Sea island-themed room. Delicious fish such as ahi tuna is a specialty. ¢ Tue, Wed, L. 7 /

D OWNTOWN : Hugo’s Cellar At Four Queens, 202 Fremont St., NV 89101. § (702) 385-4011.



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Hugo’s has a romantic atmosphere, due to the privacy of the dining booths, and the rose given to every female guest on arrival. ¢ L. 7 ˚ /

D OWNTOWN : Ranch Steakhouse At Binion’s Horseshoe, 128 E. Fremont St., NV 89101. § (702) 382-1600.



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Classic American steakhouse fare includes prime rib as well as seafood at reasonable prices in this venerable Las Vegas casino. ¢ L. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Bugsy’s Deli At the Flamingo, 3555 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 733-3111.

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One of few remaining signs of Bugsy Seigel’s involvement in the hotel (see p237), are the black-and-white photographs of the gangster displayed on the walls. This restaurant serves classic New York-style deli food at reasonable prices. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Rainforest Café At the MGM Grand, 3799 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 891-8580.



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Pastas, salads, sandwiches, and desserts served in a tropical setting, complete with trees. 7 f /

T HE S TRIP : Harley Davidson Café 3725 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 740-4555.

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A giant Harley Davidson motorbike juts out from the façade of this American restaurant. This is a popular eaterie with families. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Noodle Kitchen At the Mirage, 3400 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 791-7111.

Located among the tropical foliage of the Mirage’s Caribe Café, this is one of the most respected Chinese restaurants in Vegas. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Ristorante Italiano At the Riviera, 2901 Las Vegas Blvd.S., NV 89109. § 1 (800) 634-3420 ext. 9363.



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This busy eatery offers a wide range of classic Italian dishes. The salads are fresh and the pasta handmade. ¢ Sun, Mon. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Tony Roma’s - A Place For Ribs Stardust Resort and Casino, 3000 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 7326111. The favorite dishes of this popular family chain include ribs with a secret sauce, barbequed chicken, and onion-ring loaf. ¢ L. 7 /

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T HE S TRIP : Diego MGM Grand, 3799 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 891-3200.

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Authentic flavors of Mexico are served here, including slow-roasted goat, rib-eye steak, organic vegetable dishes, and salads. The decor has pink hues, with wood and copper. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Empress Court At Caesars Palace, 3570 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 731-7110.

This is a four-star, gourmet Chinese restaurant. Special dishes include Palace-shredded chicken and drunken squib. ¢ Tue, Wed, L. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Mizuno’s Japanese Steak House At the Tropicana, 3801 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89119. § (702) 739-2713.



Dazzling displays of Japanese meat slicing are performed at tableside grills. Thin slices of steak, shrimp, and chicken are served with miso soup and stir-fried vegetables. ¢ L. 7 / \\\

T HE S TRIP : Mon Ami Gabi At Paris, 3655 Las Vegas Blvd.S., NV 89109. § (702) 944-4224.





This Parisian-style bistro serves classic French offerings such as steak frites, quiche Lorraine, and delicious salads and desserts. It is also one of the few Vegas restaurants to have a terrace onto the Strip. 7 /



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T HE S TRIP : Top of the World Stratosphere Tower, 2000 Las Vegas Blvd. S. NV89104 § (702) 380-7711.

Panoramic views are available from this restaurant 833 ft (255 m) above the Strip. The menu is European with great meat and seafood. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Andre’s in the Monte Carlo At Monte Carlo, 3770 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 798-7151.

 

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An intimate restaurant, designed to emulate a Renaissance French chateau, serving award-winning French cuisine. ¢ L. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Buccaneer Bay Restaurant At Treasure Island, 3300 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 894-7223.

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Overlooking Treasure Island’s lagoon (see p238), the ffriendly service and sophisticated cooking make a visit here a real treat. ¢ Mon, Tue, L. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Emeril’s New Orleans Fish House At MGM Grand, 3799 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 891-7374.

 

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One of the most popular restaurants in Las Vegas, noted for its mix of Creole and Cajun cooking. Snacks are available at the Seafood Bar. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Kokomo’s At the Mirage, 3400 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 791-7111.

 

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This excellent seafood restaurant is located in the Mirage Hotel, overlooking the Tropical Rainforest Atrium. Specialities include huge Australian lobster tails and ginger soy marinated sea bass. ¢ L. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Pinot Brasserie At the Venetian, 3355 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 414-8888.



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Sister to the prize-winning Los Angeles restaurant of chef Joachim Splichal, noted for offering French cuisine with a California twist. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Rosewood Grille 3339 Las Vegas Blvd.S., NV 89109. § (702) 792-5965.



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This is one of Las Vegas’s landmark restaurants, famous for its good seafood, especially the Maine lobsters, and extensive wine list. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Smith & Wollensky 3767 Las Vegas Blvd.S., NV 89109. § (702) 862-4100.

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Part of a small chain that originated in New York, this classic steak house offers prime rib, fresh seafood, and lunch menus in its Strip-front grill. 7 /

T HE S TRIP : Spago At Caesars Palace, 3500 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 369-6300.

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Spago’s contemporary interior echoes its famous sister restaurant in Los Angeles. Fusion cooking mixes Asian and American with Italian styles in such dishes as baked red snapper. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Trattoria del Lupo At Mandalay Bay, 3950 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 740-5522.

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Owned by famous chef, Wolfgang Puck, who is credited with combining classic Italian cooking with contemporary California cuisine. 7 / For key to symbols see back flap

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N E E D S

One menu always includes a selection of vegetarian dishes.

B AR A REA There is a bar area or cocktail bar within the restaurant, available for drinks and/or bar snacks.

F IXED -P RICE M ENU A fixed-price menu available at a good rate, for lunch, dinner or both, usually with three courses.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES Small portions and/or high chairs available on request.

T HE S TRIP : Aureole At Mandalay Bay, 3950 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 632-7401.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

V EGETARIAN S PECIALTIES

F IXED -P RICE M ENU

Some tables on a patio or terrace.

B AR A REA

O UTDOOR E ATING

V EGETARIAN S PECIALTIES

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Contemporary American cuisine produced by famous New York chef, Charlie Palmer. The room features a glass tower of wine. 7 ˚ /

  

\\\\\ At the Bellagio, 3600 Las Vegas Blvd. S., Nevada 89109. § (702) 791-7223.

T HE S TRIP : Le Cirque

Intimate, sophisticated dining under a big top tent. The cuisine is contemporary French with á la carte and fixed-price menus. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Nero’s At Caesars Palace, 3570 Las Vegas Blvd.S., NV 89109. § (702) 731-7731.



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The Moroccan-style decor of Nero’s belies the delicious Italian food cooked using the top-quality ingredients by chef Mario Capone. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Nobhill At MGM Grand, 3799 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 891-7337.



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This gourmet restaurant offers San Francisco-style cuisine, including steak, seafood, and homebaked breads. 7 ˚ /

T HE S TRIP : Picasso At the Bellagio, 3600 Las Vegas Blvd. S., NV 89109. § (702) 791-7223.

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One of Vegas’s premier dining experiences. Set in a coolly elegant room, the walls are adorned with several original Picasso paintings. 7 ˚ / \\\

 

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O FF S TRIP : Ferraro’s Italian Restaurant 5900 W. Flamingo Rd., NV 89103. § (702) 364-5300.

One of the best Italian eateries in town, Ferraro’s is well-known for its osso buco, homemade gnocchi, and lamb chops. 7 ˚ f /

O FF S TRIP : Piero’s Cuisine & New England Fish Market 355 Convention Center Dr., NV 89109. § (702) 369 2305.

This is an elegant Italian restaurant, popular with Vegas residents including, it is rumored, several local celebrities. 7 ˚ /

O FF S TRIP : Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse 4561 W. Flamingo Rd., NV 89103. § (702) 248-7011.

Top quality steaks and wine list served in a traditional clubroom setting with mahogany fittings draws both visitors and locals. ¢ L. 7 ˚ f /

O FF S TRIP : Morton’s of Chicago 400 E. Flamingo, NV 89109. § (702) 893-0703.



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The friendly atmosphere of this steakhouse chain is enhanced by its decor. The walls are hung with photographs of celebrity patrons. ¢ L. 7 ˚ /

S OUTHERN U TAH B OULDER : Hell’s Backbone Grill 20 N. Hwy. 12, UT 82716. § (435) 335-7464.

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One of the best restaurants in Southern Utah, the menu offers dazzling and creative takes on traditional Southwestern cuisine. 7 / ¢ Nov–mid-Mar.

B RYCE C ANYON N ATIONAL PARK : Bryce Canyon Lodge Bryce Canyon National Park, UT 84717. § (435) 834-5361.

The best fine dining establishment in the area, serving continental cuisine in an elegant setting. ¢ Nov 1–Mar 31. 7 ˚ /

B RYCE C ANYON N ATIONAL PARK : Foster’s Family Steakhouse 1150 Hwy 12., UT 84759. § (435) 834-5227.

A family oriented steakhouse open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner that also serves slow-roasted prime rib, Utah trout, soup, and sandwiches. Pastries, bread, and rolls are baked daily. ¢ Mon–Thu in Jan. /

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C EDAR C ITY : Market Grill 273 N. 1500 W., UT 84720 § (435) 586-9325.

This unique eatery is located at the livestock yards offers up hearty fare including rib-eye steaks and cowboy-sized breakfasts. ¢ Sun. 7 /



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C EDAR C ITY : Rusty’s Ranch House 2275 E. Hwy. 14, UT 84721. § (435) 586-3839.



Ribs, chicken, and seafood served in a beautiful canyon setting. Diners can take in the view while enjoying specialties such as barbecued baby back ribs that have been slow-roasted for 18 hours. ¢ Sun, L. 7 / \\\

K ANAB : Parry Lodge Restaurant 89 E. Center St., UT 84741. § (435) 644-2601.





Prime Rib, poached salmon, and other American favorites are on offer at this restaurant, famous for feeding John Wayne and other stars. 7 / \

M OAB : Eddie McStiff’s 57 S. Main St., UT 84532. § (435) 259-2337.







Pizza, pasta, and McStiff’s own award-winning microbrewed beer are the specialties here. The pizza is legendary, the prices modest. Another favorite is skewered steak and chicken satay in Pacific Rim marinade. 7 /



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M OAB : Moab Diner 189 S. Main St., UT 84532. § (435) 259-4006.

A fun, 1950s-style diner offering full breakfasts, hearty burgers, and great ice cream sundaes. Famous for their green chili. 7 / \\

M OAB : Center Café 60 N 100 W St., UT 84532. § (435) 259-4295.



International cuisine featuring specialties such as pan-seared lamb loin with roasted garlic flan. Specials can include exotic but tasty dishes featuring ostrich or bison. 7 ˚ / ¢ Mon–Wed in winter.



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M OAB : Slickrock Café 5 N. Main St., UT 84532 § (435) 259-8004.



Trendy café with clever pastas and vegetarian dishes. After a great dinner you can buy a tee-shirt with their lizard-dog mascot on it. 7 / ¢ winter. \\

M OAB : Sunset Grill 900 N. Route 191, UT 84532 § (435) 259-7146.





Located on a hill above town, this is Moab’s best fine dining establishment. Serves a mix of high-end European and American cuisine. 7 ˚ /





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PANGUITCH : Cowboy’s Smokehouse 95 N. Main St., UT 84759. § (435) 676-8030.

A meat lovers treat with real mesquite cooked steaks and house-smoked barbecued ribs. The decor and the music are solidly country. 7 f / \

S PRINGDALE : Oscars Café 948 Zion Park Blvd., UT 84767. § (435) 772-3232.

 

Light and healthy sandwiches and Mexican dishes. The most popular dishes are green chili chimichangas, mesquite-roasted chicken enchiladas, and garlic burger on a homemade roll. 7

S PRINGDALE : Bit and Spur Saloon 1212 Zion Park Blvd., UT 84767. § (435) 772-3498.

An excellent, atmospheric Mexican restaurant, offering surprises like the Bistek Asado, a chile-rubbed rib eye. ¢ L; Tue & Wed Nov–Mar. 7 /

S PRINGDALE : Spotted Dog Café Fairmont Inn, 428 Zion Park Blvd., UT 84767. § (435) 772-3244.



Upscale steak and seafood place with local specialties such as fresh trout. Features a patio café that makes a good dining spot. ¢ L; Dec–Feb. 7 ˚ / \

S T. G EORGE : Pancho and Lefty’s 1050 S. Bluff St., UT 84770. § (435) 628-4772.



Good value, fun, and lively Mexican restaurant. House favorites include the Elmedio taco and enchilada plate and fajitas. 7 / \\\

S T. G EORGE : Sullivan’s Rococo Steakhouse 511 South Airport Rd, St. George, UT 84770. § (435) 628-3671.

Situated on a bluff overlooking St. George, this is a classic steak and seafood establisment, offering Western beef, excellent lobster, and also fish such as trout. 7 / For key to symbols see back flap

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B AR A REA There is a bar area or cocktail bar within the restaurant, available for drinks and/or bar snacks.

F IXED -P RICE M ENU A fixed-price menu available at a good rate, for lunch, dinner or both, usually with three courses.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES Small portions and/or high chairs available on request.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

One menu always includes a selection of vegetarian dishes.

F IXED -P RICE M ENU

V EGETARIAN S PECIALTIES

B AR A REA

Some tables on a patio or terrace.

V EGETARIAN S PECIALTIES

O UTDOOR E ATING

O UTDOOR E ATING

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T ORREY : Capitol Reef Café 360 W. Main St., UT 84775. § (435) 425-3271.

Located near Capitol Reef National Park, this unusual find features locallyfarmed smoked or grilled trout, stir fries, vegetarian entrees, and a host of imaginative dishes. Delicious homemade soups and salads. 7 /

T ORREY : Café Diablo 599 W. Main St., UT 84775. § (435) 425-3070.

An award-winning gastronomical oasis in the culinary desert of southern Utah, serving creative dishes with a Southwestern theme. ¢ Nov–Mar. 7 /

Z ION N ATIONAL PARK : Zion Lodge Zion National Park, UT 84767. § (435) 772-3213.

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Better than average tourist fare, with a very good breakfast buffet and dinners that include steak and trout. 7 /

T HE F OUR C ORNERS B LUFF : Cottonwood Steakhouse Highway 191, UT 84512 § (435) 672-2282.

Guests can eat inside or around the outdoor barbecue pit under a giant cottonwood tree. The grilled steaks are substantial. ¢ Nov–Feb. 7 /

B LUFF : Twin Rocks Café Navajo Twins Dr., UT 84512. § (435) 672-2341.



Located below the twin sandstone pillars that gave the place its name, this restaurant serves sandwiches, Mexican dishes, and pastas. 7 /

C AMERON : Cameron Trading Post Route 89, AZ 86020. § (928) 679-2231.



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Hearty breakfasts and dinners feature standard but tasty versions of chicken, steak, and fish, as well as the ubiquitous Navajo taco. 7 /

C HINLE : Thunderbird Lodge Canyon De Chelly, AZ 86503. § (928) 674-5841.

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Cafeteria-style place serving large portions of classic American diner food from breakfast through dinner. Excellent value and tasty. 7 /

B LUFF : Cow Canyon Trading Post Intersection of Hwy. 191 and Hwy. 163, UT 84512 § (435) 672-2208.

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This former trading post and gas station is now a delightful small restaurant, gift shop, and trading post. The limited but innovative menu changes regularly to use the best fresh ingredients. ¢ L. Tue & Wed. /

C HINLE : Garcia’s Restaurant Garcia Trading Post, Canyon de Chelly, AZ 86503 § (928) 674-5000.



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Classic Southwestern dishes, Native and Mexican specialties are served here, including fajitas and the marinated cowboy sirloin. 7 / ¢ L Sat & Sun

C ORTEZ : Homesteaders 45 E. Main Cortez, CO 81321. § (970) 565-6253.





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Barbecued pork ribs and steaks with homemade bread and pies served amid a stylish country decor of antiques and old license plates. ¢ Sun. /

D URANGO : Carver’s Bakery and Brew Pub 1022 Main Ave., CO 81301 § (970) 259-2545.

A pleasant establishment that combines a bakery with a sit-down Southwestern café and a microbrewery. ¢ Sun pm. 7 f /

D URANGO : Red Snapper 144 E. 9th St., CO 81301. § (970) 259-3417.

A rarity in the beef-loving West, this seafood restaurant features dishes such as Hawaiian tuna and salmon tomatillo. ¢ Thanksgiving, Dec 25. 7 ˚ /

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D URANGO : Ariano’s 150 E. College Drive, CO 81301. § (970) 247-8146.

The freshest ingredients are used in this, the best Italian restaurant in Durango. Specialties include baked trout and fettucine al prosciutto. / ¢ L.

  



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FARMINGTON : Clancy’s Pub 2701 E. 20th St., NM 87401 § (505) 325-8176.

A friendly, oak- and-fern type bar with better than average sandwiches, steaks, and lots of cold imported beer. ¢ major hols. 7 /

G REY M OUNTAIN : Anasazi Restaurant Grey Mtn. Trading Post, Grey Mountain, AZ 86016. § (928) 679-2203.

A typical regional restaurant featuring Mexican, Native, and American dishes with lots of frybread, hamburgers, and tacos. ¢ Nov–Mar. 7 /

K AYENTA : Amigo Café Highway 163, AZ 86033. § (928) 697-8448.

This simple but delicious Mexican food is a welcome treat in the remote northern Four Corners region. Efficient and cheerful service. ¢ Sun. /



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M ONUMENT VALLEY : Stagecoach Dining Room Goulding’s Lodge, UT 84536. § (435) 727-3231.



This large, touristy restaurant serves standard American fare. The highlight here is the stunning view of Monument Valley. 7 /



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O URAY : Backstreet Bagel & Deli 526 Main St., CO 81427. § (970) 325-0550.



This coffee house is a good bet for well-prepared meals and desserts. Specialties include sandwiches, soups, and bakery treats. 7 /

O URAY : Bon Ton Restaurant St. Elmo Hotel, 426 Main St., CO 81427. § (970) 325-4951

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Fine Italian cuisine and seafood specialties. Favorites include beef wellington and tortellini carbonara. ¢ Dec 25. ˚ / \\\

PAGE : Dam Bar and Grill 644 N. Navajo Dr., AZ 86040. § (928) 645-2161.











Eclectic industrial-dam decor complements the contemporary steak and pasta dishes served here. ¢ Dec–Mar: Sun. 7 ˚ f / \\\

PAGE : Rainbow Room Lake Powell Resort, Lakeshore Dr., UT 86040. § (928) 645-2433.

This elegant lodge offers innovative takes on classic steak, pasta, and seafood dishes. Sweeping views of Lake Powell. 7 / ¢ mid-Nov–mid-Mar.

SECOND MESA, HOPI RESERVATION: Hopi Cultural Center Restaurant Route 264, AZ 86043. § (928) 734-2401.



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Traditional dishes like Hopi stew can be interesting, though standard Mexican and American fare is also served. ¢ Thanksgiving; Dec 25 7 / \

T ELLURIDE : Maggie’s Bakery and Café 217 E. Colorado, CO 81435. § (970) 728-3334.



The light sandwiches here are really just a prelude to diving into the huge fluffy, homemade pastries and other baked goodies. \\

 



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T ELLURIDE : Excelsior Café 200 W. Colorado Ave., CO 81435. § (970) 728-4250.

An upscale eatery famous for its inventive and eclectic blend of delicious American and nouveau-Italian dishes. 7 /

T ELLURIDE : 221 South Park 221 South Oak, CO 81435. § (970) 728-9507.

This is a small but excellent restaurant in a historic home, providing dishes with a mix of California and New Orleans flavors. / ¢ L; Sun.

T UBA C ITY : Hogan Restaurant PO Box 247, AZ 86045 § (928) 283-5260.

Located next to the Quality Inn, Hogan’s offers a full Mexican/American Menu, which is a cut above the average diner fare. 7 /

W INDOW R OCK : Navajo Nation Inn Dining Room 48 West Highway. 264, AZ 86515. § (928) 871-4108.

This is where the Navajo businessmen and politicians eat. Traditional dishes are served in a room decorated with native art. ¢ Sat & Sun D. 7 / For key to symbols see back flap

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T R AV E L E R S ’

One menu always includes a selection of vegetarian dishes.

B AR A REA There is a bar area or cocktail bar within the restaurant, available for drinks and/or bar snacks.

F IXED -P RICE M ENU A fixed-price menu available at a good rate, for lunch, dinner or both, usually with three courses.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES Small portions and/or high chairs available on request.

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C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES

V EGETARIAN S PECIALTIES

F IXED -P RICE M ENU

Some tables on a patio or terrace.

B AR A REA

O UTDOOR E ATING

V EGETARIAN S PECIALTIES

Price categories for a threecourse meal for one, including a glass of house wine (where available), tax, and service: \ under US$25 \\ US$25–$35 \\\ US$35–$50 \\\\ US$50–$70 \\\\\ over US$70

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C HIMAYO : Restaurante Rancho de Chimayo County Rd. 98, NM 87522. § (505) 351-4444.

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Authentic New Mexican cuisine, with lovely views of the Chimayo valley. ¢ Mon. 7 f Summer weekends. /

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TAOS : Trading Post Café

4179 Hwy 68 (at Hwy 518), NM 87557. § (505) 758-5089.



This 125-year-old adobe building once housed the largest general store in Taos. Today it’s a relaxed and charming restaurant, featuring contemporary American cuisine with Italian influences. ¢ Sun L., Mon. 7 ˚ /

S ANTA F E : Cowgirl Hall of Fame 319 S. Guadalupe, NM 87501. § (505) 982-2565.

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Texas, Cajun, and Caribbean-style dishes served in a casual, fun, WildWest atmosphere. A ranch breakfast is served at weekends. 7 f /

S ANTA F E : Dave’s Not Here 1115 Hickox St., NM 87501. § (505) 983-7060.

This popular local eaterie features good-sized portions of New Mexican favorites, including chile rellenos and tacos. 7

S ANTA F E : Maria’s New Mexican Kitchen 555 W. Cordova Rd., NM 87501. § (505) 983-7929.

This very busy local restaurant serves authentic old Santa Fe-style cooking. Margaritas are the specialty of the house. 7 f /

S ANTA F E : Tomasita’s 500 S. Guadalupe, NM 87501. § (505) 983-5721.

Tomasita’s is a favorite spot for northern New Mexican cuisine. The chili is hot, and the atmosphere busy, friendly, and fun. ¢ Sun. 7 /

S ANTA F E : Blue Corn Café and Brewery 133 Water St., NM 87501. § (505) 984-1800.

Friendly pub serving traditional northern New Mexican fare. A variety of microbrews are on tap in the bar, and sports events are shown on TV. 7 /

S ANTA F E : Santa Fe Bar & Grill 187 Paseo de Peralta, NM 87501. § (505) 982-3033.

Contemporary Southwestern cuisine in a relaxed setting. Specialties include blue corn vegetable enchiladas and stuffed ruby red trout. 7 /

S ANTA F E : Café Paris 31 Burro Alley, NM 87501. § (505) 986-9162.

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Charming small café serving excellent French cuisine with South Pacific influences. Specialties include chicken cordon bleu and cassoulet Bretonne. Good wines and delicious desserts. 7 ˚ f Sun. / ¢ Mon.

S ANTA F E : Amaya At Hotel Santa Fe, 1501 Paseo de Peralta, NM 87501. § (505) 982-1200.

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This pleasant restaurant serves Native American cuisine with a continental twist, including beef, lamb, seafood, and pasta. 7 f /

S ANTA F E : El Farol 808 Canyon Rd., NM 87501. § (505) 983-9912.

Spanish cuisine is served in small, intimate dining rooms – tapas are the specialty at this popular local hangout. 7 ˚ f /

S ANTA F E : Julian’s 221 Shelby St., NM 87501. § (505) 988-2355.

Italian bistro serving superb regional Italian dishes of duck, chicken, fish, and veal. Voted the city’s most romantic restaurant. ¢ L. /



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S ANTA F E : Paul’s 72 W. Marcy St., NM 87501. § (505) 982-8738.



This intimate, imaginative restaurant serves delectable à la carte entrees, such as baked salmon with a pecan herb crust and sorrel sauce. ¢ Sun L. 7 /

 



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S ANTA F E : The Pink Adobe 406 Old Santa Fe Trail, NM 87501. § (505) 983-7712.

Relaxed dining in a 300-year-old adobe home. Mexican dishes are served alongside beef, chicken, and seafood entrées. ¢ Sat, Sun L. 7 ˚ f /

S ANTA F E : The Shed 113 E. Palace Ave., NM 87501. § (505) 982-9030.

The Shed occupies the quaint rooms of a 17th-century adobe building. Its menu features excellent northern New Mexican dishes. ¢ Sun. 7 /

S ANTA F E : Coyote Café 132 W. Water St., NM 87501. § (505) 983-1615.

Highly acclaimed Southwestern cuisine from celebrity chef Mark Miller. Choose from the elegant Café or the light and easy Cantina. 7 ˚ /

S ANTA F E : La Casa Sena 20 Sena Plaza, 125 E. Palace Ave., NM 87501. § (505) 988-9232.

  

Located in an 1860s home, this elegant restaurant serves innovative Southwestern cuisine. 7 ˚ f /



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S ANTA F E : Old House Restaurant 309 W San Francisco St., NM 87501. § (505) 988-4455.

This is in the Eldorado Hotel and is one of Santa Fe’s finest restaurants. Specialties include pepper-crusted salmon. 7 ˚ / \\\\ 231 Washington Ave., NM 87501. § (505) 984-1788. ∑ www.santacafe.com

S ANTA F E : SantaCafe





Located in a National Historic hacienda built in the 1850s, this is a firstclass restaurant which specializes in New American cuisine. 7 ˚ /



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S ANTA F E : Anasazi Restaurant

Contemporary Southwestern cuisine, served in a large, elegant dining room featuring woven textiles. Dinner entrées include beef medallions rubbed with cinammon and chile. 7 ˚ /

S ANTA F E : Café Pasqual’s 121 Don Gaspar Ave., NM 87501. § (505) 983-9340.



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Famous for its innovative New Southwestern cuisine, the menu, which changes often, may feature such delights as grilled banana leaf-wrapped salmon, or free-range chicken in a spicy mole sauce. 7 Limited. /

S ANTA F E : Geronimo 724 Canyon Rd., NM 87501. § (505) 982-1500.

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This is a romantic adobe restaurant, with small, intimate dining rooms. The award-winning menu is an impressive blend of New Mexican and globally eclectic cuisine, using only the freshest seasonal ingredients. ¢ Mon L. ˚ / \

TAOS : Orlando’s New Mexican Café 2 miles N. of the Plaza, Hwy 64, NM 87571. § (505) 751-1450.

  

Great New Mexican dishes are served at this nice little restaurant, decorated with tile tabletops and Southwestern knickknacks. The green and red chile is a favorite with local patrons. ¢ Sun L. 7

 



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TAOS : Apple Tree Restaurant 123 Bent St., NM 87571. § (505) 758-1900.

Cozy adobe house near the central Plaza, serving a creative menu to please all tastes. There is a pretty shaded patio for dining al fresco. 7 ˚ /

TAOS : Doc Martin’s Restaurant 125 Paseo del Pueblo Norte, NM 87571. § (505) 758-1977.

Located in the historic Taos Inn, dating from 1600, this restaurant serves New American and northern New Mexican cuisine. 7 ˚ /

TAOS : Lambert’s of Taos 309 Paseo del Pueblo Sur, NM 87571. § (505) 758-1009.

Organic and fresh local produce is the secret of Lambert’s consistently outstanding cuisine. The ambience is casual and low-key. ¢ L. 7 ˚ / For key to symbols see back flap

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One menu always includes a selection of vegetarian dishes.

B AR A REA There is a bar area or cocktail bar within the restaurant, available for drinks and/or bar snacks.

F IXED -P RICE M ENU A fixed-price menu available at a good rate, for lunch, dinner or both, usually with three courses.

C HILDREN ’ S FACILITIES Small portions and/or high chairs available on request.

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Some tables on a patio or terrace.

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A COMA : Huwaka Restaurant I-40 at Exit 102, NM 87034. § (505) 552-6017.

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This pleasant casino restaurant serves delicious food, 24 hours a day. The all-you-can-eat lunch and dinner buffets are recommended. 7 /

A LAMOGORDO : Compass Rose Brewpub 2203 E. 1st St., NM 88310. § (505) 434-9633.

This lively family-oriented brewpub combines interesting locally brewed beers with clever takes on traditional pub food. ¢ Sun. 7 /



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A LAMOGORDO : Ramona’s 2913 N. White Sands Blvd., NM 88310. § (505) 437-7616.

This popular restaurant serves fine Mexican food; chimichangas with homemade salsa are the specialty. American food is also served. 7 / \





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A LBUQUERQUE : 66 Diner 1405 Central Ave. NE., NM 87106. § (505) 247-1421.

In this fabulous 1950s diner on old Route 66, hot dogs and burgers are served among the neon signs, comfy booths, and nostalgic tunes. 7 /

A LBUQUERQUE : Church Street Café 2111 Church St. NW., NM 87124. § (505) 247-8522.

Situated in the Old Town just behind San Felipe de Neri church, this atmospheric restaurant is found in one of the oldest buildings in the state. Highly acclaimed for its authentic Hispanic fare. 7 /

A LBUQUERQUE : Duran Central Café 1815 Central NW., NM 87106. § (505) 247-4141.

Real food served without pretension in a tiny, informal café. Fresh tortillas, green chile stew, and cheese enchiladas. ¢ Sun.

A LBUQUERQUE : Garduño’s Restaurant & Cantina 2100 Lousiana, NM 87111. § (505) 880-0055.

This fun, local chain has a great atmosphere with Mexican decor. Enchiladas and margaritas are the favorites here. 7 f /

A LBUQUERQUE : La Placita 208 San Felipe St., NM 87104. § (505) 247-2204.

This restaurant is in a historic hacienda in the Old Town Plaza. It serves reasonably priced Mexican food. 7 /

A LBUQUERQUE : La Hacienda Restaurant 302 San Felipe NW., NM 87104. § (505) 243-3131

Atmospheric New Mexican restaurant in an old adobe building, painted with a mural of the first settlers. Fajitas and seafood are specialties. 7 /

A LBUQUERQUE : Seasons 2031 Mountain Rd., San Felipe Plaza, NM 87104. § (505) 766-5100.



Diners watch Californian style dishes being cooked on an open rotisserie. Beef sirloin with garlic mashed potatoes is a favourite. ¢ L. Sat & Sun. 7 /

A LBUQUERQUE : Yanni’s 3109 Central Ave. NE., NM 87106. § (505) 268-9250.

This top-rated local favorite serves delicious Greek dishes, along with Mediterranean-style pizza, pasta, calzones, and vegetarian dishes. 7 /

A LBUQUERQUE : The Artichoke Café 424 Central Ave. SE., NM 87102. § (505) 243-0200.

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Relaxed but stylish downtown restaurant is decorated art and serves FrenchAmerican bistro fare. You can eat outside in good weather. ¢ L. Sat & Sun. 7 /

 



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A LBUQUERQUE : Cafe Bodega 4243 Montgomery, NM 87109. § (505) 872-1710.

Mathew Brewer offers new American cuisine, such as fire-roasted lamb with grain mustard and herbs de Provence. ¢ L. Sat; Sun & Mon. 7 ˚ / \\\

A LBUQUERQUE : El Pinto 10500 4th St. NW., NM 87114. § (505) 898-1771.

  



Mexican cuisine served in a maze of atmospheric rooms with Southwestern decor, or on the patio with a view of the Sandia Mountains. 7 f /



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A LBUQUERQUE : High Noon Restaurant and Saloon 425 San Felipe NW., NM 87104. § (505) 765-1455.

A local favorite in the heart of the Old Town, serving Southwestern and continental cuisine, including delicious bison rib eye and rack of lamb. f /

A LBUQUERQUE : Landry’s Seafood House 5001 Jefferson St. NE., NM 87110. § (505) 875-0101.

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Fresh seafood and great scenery at this 1940s-style restaurant, with beautiful views of the lake and mountains from the large deck. 7 /

A LBUQUERQUE : Monte Vista Fire Station 3201 Central Ave. NE., NM 87106. § (505) 255-2424.

Now a National Historic Site, this art-deco Pueblo Revival building was once a fire station. A local favorite, it serves creative Southwestern cuisine. 7 /

A LBUQUERQUE : High Finance Restaurant and Tavern 40 Tramway Rd. NE., NM 87122. § (505) 243-9742.





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Stunning location at the top of the Sandia Peak tramway, with fantastic views. Fish, seafood, steaks, and slow-roasted prime rib are served. 7 /

C ARLSBAD : The Flume 1829 S. Canal St., NM 88220. § (505) 887-2851.

This casual restaurant is one of the best in Carlsbad. It is famous for its prime rib, but steaks, chicken, and seafood are also served. 7 /

C LOUDCROFT : Rebecca’s The Lodge, 1 Corona Pl., NM 88317. § (505) 682-2566.

Rebecca’s offers fine dining in a relaxed but elegant setting. The food is superb – beef, seafood, and poultry with a Southwestern flare. 7 ˚ f /

L INCOLN : Isaac’s Table Mile marker 98, Hwy. 380, NM 88338. § (800) 653-6460.

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Gourmet dining in the historic Ellis Store. The six-course, fixed-price dinner features wild game, prime beef, lamb, and seafood. ¢ Sun–Tue. 7 ˚ / \\

 

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M ESILLA : Double Eagle 2355 Calle de Guadalupe, NM 88004. § (505) 523-6700.

Housed in a historic building on Mesilla’s Plaza. Bourbon pepper steak and chicken Mesilla, made with green chile, are favorites. 7 /

M ESILLA : La Posta de Mesilla 2410 Calle de San Albino, NM 88046. § (505) 524-3524.



This adobe restaurant was built in 1857 and serves delicious steaks and Mexican dishes, including chile rellenos and tamales. ¢ Mon. /

R UIDOSO : Café Rio 2547 Sudderth Dr., NM 88355. § (505) 257-7746.

Great food in cheerful, relaxed setting, featuring interesting dishes such as Portuguese kale soup and shrimp jambalaya. ¢ mid-Apr–mid–May; Dec. 7

R UIDOSO : Cattle Baron Steak & Seafood Restaurant 657 Sudderth Dr., NM 88345. § (505) 257-9355.



Prime rib and a fresh catch of the day lead the menu at this casual family restaurant. Salad bar, chicken, steaks, and chops also served. 7 ˚ /

R UIDOSO : Sundance 2523 Sudderth Rd., NM 88354. § (505) 257-2954.

The Southwestern menu features steak and seafood. Steak and fries is a popular dish ¢ Mon Nov– May; two weeks after Thanksgiving. 7 ˚ /

S ILVER C ITY : The Buckhorn Saloon & Opera House 32 Main St., Pinos Altos, NM 88053. § (505) 538-9911.

Steakhouse and saloon in a beautifully restored building dating from the 1860s. Fine dining, Old West decor, and stone fireplaces. ¢ Sun. f / For key to symbols see back flap

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ITH SUCH AN EXCITING range of

contemporary work to kitsch bronze Native American, Hispanic, sculptures of cowboys or Indians. and Anglo-American proAcross the region, specialty groducts, shopping in the Southwest cery stores and supermarkets stock is a cultural adventure. Native a range of Southwestern products crafts, including rugs, jewelry, and from hot chile sauces to blue corn pottery, top the list of things that tortilla chips. In the major cities people buy. The Southwest is also there is a choice of glamorous a center for the fine arts, with fashion districts, usually situated Santa Fe (see pp192–9) famous Chile-shaped pot in air-conditioned, landscaped for its many galleries selling malls. Las Vegas also ranks everything from Georgia O’Keeffe- shopping among its attractions, with inspired landscapes and the latest its themed malls (see pp124 –5).

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S HOPPING H OURS AND PAYMENT are open from 9 or 10am to between 8 and 10pm, seven days a week, although some stores may close just after midday on Sunday or Monday. Most stores take Mastercard, VISA, and ATM cards. Other credit cards and out-of-state checks are often not accepted. A sales tax will be added to the price of 3 percent in Colorado, 4.75 percent in Utah, 5 percent in Arizona and New Mexico, and 6.5 percent in Nevada.

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OST MAJOR STORES

N ATIVE A RTS C RAFTS

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spiritual beliefs that are bound up with all types of Native art can make shopping for these items a rewarding experience, especially when purchasing direct from native artists in

D

ISCOVERING THE

their homes. The best places products such as rugs to the to buy such pieces are generegion’s first tourists in the late rally reservation trading posts 19th century. Other sources of authentic good-quality items and in Pueblo or museum stores. The quality of Native include Cameron Trading Post near Flagstaff, which has crafts can vary greatly, and been converted to a gallery it is worth following a few guidelines before you buy. displaying historic and modern The term “Indian handrugs, pottery, baskets, and carvings. Hopi House made” means that the at the South Rim of item has been made solely by Native Grand Canyon, Fifth Generation Americans, while “Indian crafted” Trading Company means that they have in Farmington, and been involved in Sewell’s Indian the production. Pot from the Cameron Arts in Sedona Trading Post also offer a wide Buying directly from the artist not choice of goods. The Indian Pueblo Cultural only ensures authenticity but Center in Albuquerque is a also gives money to the local Native American community. co-operative of 19 Pueblos Many artists display their and offers Pueblo Indian art work at tourist stops such as at fair prices (see p214). The those at Canyon de Chelly or Second Mesa Jewelry Coon reservations. Trading posts operative on the Hopi resersuch as the Hubbell Trading vation is a training facility that Post (see p167) on the Navajo offers some of the finest Hopi Reservation were established silverwork (see p166). specifically to sell Native Museum shops such as the Heard’s in Phoenix (see p79) and Flagstaff’s Museum of Northern Arizona (see p68) sell a selection of paintings, sculpture, and kachina dolls.

M ALLS temperatures of southern Arizona and New Mexico have spawned some of the most stunning malls in the US, all of which feature air-conditioning, plant-filled atriums, and fine restaurants. The biggest concentration is in Phoenix, with the largest mall in the Southwest being

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the city’s Metrocenter. Large department stores such as Neiman Marcus can be found at the Scottsdale Fashion Square. Phoenix’s Biltmore Fashion Park sells designer clothing and kitchenware, as well as offering some of the best dining options in town. Themed malls are abundant in the region. Borgata of Scottsdale is a mall set in a 14th-century-style village with medieval courtyards. The Arizona Center in Phoenix is an oasis of restaurants and shops set among gardens, fountains, and a waterfall. The Tucson Art District has more than 40 fine art galleries. Most of the major Las Vegas hotels feature designer shopping areas (see pp106 –17).

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bultos depicting saints and other religious figures. Top quality Spanish colonial arts, furniture, and weavings can be found at markets organized by the Museum of Spanish Colonial Art.

has a vibrant artistic heritage and Santa Fe is the country’s second largest art market after New York City. Its art district stretches from the downtown plaza for 2 miles (3 km) along Canyon Road (see p197). More than 200 galleries specialize in locally produced art. Native and Hispanic artists are also well represented, the latter producing carved santos and

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D IRECTORY N ATIVE A RTS AND C RAFTS Cameron Trading Post Highway 89, Cameron, AZ 86020. § (928) 679-2231; (800) 338-7385.

Fifth Generation Trading Company 232 W. Broadway, Farmington, NM 87401. § (505) 326-3211.

Hubbell Trading Post

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Paso (see p222–3) is also noted for its leather goods. Az-tex Hats of Phoenix has the largest selection of cowboy hats in the Southwest, while Saba Western Store has been outfitting customers in western fashions since 1927. Bacon’s Boots and Saddles, located in the historic mining town of Globe (see p83), is owned by craftsman Ed Bacon who has been making fine boots and saddles for more than 50 years. Parents who want to dress their children in cute westernwear might try Sheplers in Mesa, Arizona.

proud of their cuisine and in most malls you will find grocery stores selling an array of chile sauces, salsa dips, and blue corn chips. Farmers’ markets are another good source of local produce, and usually stock a range of the strings of dried chiles, known as ristras. Several companies have websites where you can order such gourmet regional foods as hand-made corn chips, coffee made with piñon tree nuts, and prickly pear jam.

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OUTHWESTERNERS ARE

Typical southwestern boots and hats on sale in Phoenix

W ESTERN W EAR most popular souvenirs of the Southwest are hand-tooled cowboy boots, cowboy hats, and decorative leather belts. Western wear is made to high standards throughout the region. Phoenix is a famous center for cowboy clothes, but El

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Albuquerque, NM 87104. § (505) 843-7270.

Scottsdale Fashion Square

§ (480) 481-9900; (800) 972-2116.

Sewell’s Indian Arts

7014 East Camelback Rd, Scottsdale, AZ 85251. § (480) 990-7800.

Bacon’s Boots and Saddles

7087 Fifth Ave., Scottsdale, AZ 85251. § (480) 945-0962.

M ALLS Biltmore Fashion Park 2502 Camelback Road, Phoenix, AZ 85016. ∑ www.westcor.com

Borgata of Scottsdale

Highway 264, Ganado, AZ 86505. § (928) 755-3254. ∑ www.nps.gov/hutr

6166 N. Scottsdale Rd., Scottsdale, AZ 85253. ∑ www.westcor.com

Indian Pueblo Cultural Center

9617 Metro Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85051. § (602) 997-2641.

241 12th St.,

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Metrocenter Mall

Tucson Art District Between Congress and Broadway Streets, and Stone and 4th Avenues, Tucson, AZ. § (520) 624-9977.

A RT G ALLERIES Museum of Spanish Colonial Art 750 Camino Lejo, Santa Fe, NM 87505. § (505) 982-2226.

290 N. Broad Street, Globe, AZ 85501. § (520) 425-2681.

Saba’s Western Store Nine stores in Arizona. ∑ www.sabaswestern wear.com

Sheplers 2643 E. Broadway, Mesa, AZ 85204. § (480) 827-8244.

F OOD

W ESTERN W EAR

Arizona Pepper Products Co.

Az-tex Hats of Phoenix

PO Box 40605,Mesa, AZ 85210. § (480) 844-0302. ∑ www.azgunslinger.com

3903 N. Scottsdale Rd., Scottsdale, AZ 85251.

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E N T E R TA I N M E N T IN THE SOUTHWEST HE SOUTHWEST’S blend regularly host noted of cultures has made touring productions, the region a thriving as well as regional thecenter for arts and enterater, dance, and musical events. tainment. The large cities of And almost every city and major Museum Club sign Phoenix, Santa Fe, Tucson, and town has a lively nightlife that Albuquerque have vibrant artisincludes country music, jazz, and tic communities and offer opera, bal- rock, as well as dinner theater and let, classical music, and major theatri- standup comedy. Sports fans will be cal productions. The smaller resort towns happy here with major league and colof Sedona and Taos are famous for their lege football, baseball, and basketball resident painters and sculptors and teams playing across the region.

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Displaying traditional cowboy skills at one of the region’s rodeos

I NFORMATION HE BEST source of events information is in the entertainment guides of local newspapers. Phoenix’s The Arizona Republic, Tucson’s Daily Star, the Santa Fe New Mexican, and Albuquerque Journal are the most useful. Most of these newspapers also have websites. There are several regional magazines that review events and nightlife. Most hotels offer magazines, such as Where and Key, that feature dining, attractions, and entertainment. You can book tickets for most events through Ticketmaster outlets, or at www.ticketmaster.com, their online booking service.

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R ODEOS AND W ILD W EST S HOWS INCE BUFFALO BILL’S

first Wild West shows in the 1880s, the Southwest has been a mecca for Western-style entertainment. Traditional cowboy

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The Southwest offers plenty of opportunities for visitors to sample the atmosphere of the Wild West, either in the many ghost towns or in historic frontier towns such as Tombstone (see p92), which stages daily mock-gunfights and tours of its Victorian buildings. There are also Western towns built originally as film studios, such as Old Tucson Studios (see p86). Tours of the sets are available. Rawhide, north of Scottsdale, has an Old West museum, an oldfashioned ice cream parlor, a famous music venue, and Western theme attractions.

skills such as roping steers and breaking wild horses have been transformed into categories of rodeo contest, S PORTS offering winners substantial money prizes. Rodeos owe HE THREE most popular their name to the Spanish spectator sports in the word for round-up, harking Southwest, as in the rest of back to the 19th century the country, are football, basewhen herds of cattle crossed ball, and basketball. The New Mexico region’s largest concentration on their way to California. Today’s of major teams is in the Phoenix area. There is rodeo circuit is highly only one major league competitive and football team in the dangerous, attracting Southwest, the Arizona full-time professionals Cardinals in Phoenix. whose high pay reflects The Arizona Diamondthis risky career. backs baseball team Nevertheless, the allure joined the majors in is comparable with 1998 and is based the magic of the circus. Among at the $275million Bank the largest and One Stadium most popular in Phoenix. rodeos are Baseball player Professional Tucson’s Fiesta de los Vaqueros, Albuquerque’s basketball is represented by the Phoenix Suns, who share New Mexico State Fair and Rodeo, and Prescott’s Frontier the America West Arena with a football team, the Days Rodeo (see pp32 –5).

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Arizona Rattlers. While tickets may be hard to obtain for league games, it is easy to gain entrance to the many college games in any sport throughout the region. Phoenix’s warm climate also attracts the Cactus League, a series of training games for seven major league baseball teams in February and March.

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Albuquerque, best known for its classics concerts. The city’s Musical Theater Southwest offers a range of entertainment including Broadway musicals, and its New Mexico Jazz Workshops stage more than 30 concerts each year.

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D IRECTORY S PORTS S TADIUMS Bank One Stadium § (602) 462- 6000.

Arizona Cardinals § (602) 379- 0101.

America West Arena § (602) 379 -2000.

C LASSICAL M USIC , B ALLET, AND O PERA the excellent Phoenix Symphony and Arizona Opera both perform at the Phoenix Symphony Hall building. The city’s $14million refurbishment of the Spanish Baroque-style Orpheum Theater makes it a stunning addition to more than 20 major venues for arts, sports, and entertainment in and around Phoenix. Arizona Theater Company and Actors’ Theater occupies the Herberger Theater Center, offering a regular program of performances. With more than 20 theater companies in Phoenix, there is an impressive choice of plays, as well as touring Broadway shows and big-name entertainers. New Mexico’s major cultural activities are based in Santa Fe and Albuquerque. Santa Fe has more than 200 art galleries and is also respected for its performing arts. The Santa Fe Opera performs both traditional and contemporary operas in its open-air arena during July and August. Santa Fe’s Chamber Music Festival, held at venues throughout the city in July and August, is one of the finest in the US. The New Mexico Symphony Orchestra is based in

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N ARIZONA,

Phoenix Symphony Hall § (602) 495-1999.

Herberger Theater Center Dancing couple at the Museum Club in Flagstaff, Arizona

N IGHTLIFE

§ (602) 252- 8497.

Orpheum Theater § (602) 262-7272.

Santa Fe Opera

town there are restaurants, bars, and nightclubs that offer country music and dancing. Among the most famous country music venues is the Western theme town of Rawhide in Scottsdale, where well-known bands play. The Museum Club in Flagstaff is a venerable Route 66 (see p51) establishment that hosted such top country music names as Hank Williams in the 1950s and still offers a lively selection of Southwestern bands. Major cities offer virtually every type of evening entertainment. Jazz bars and cafés are gaining in popularity, and standup comedy and rock music is available in countless venues. Clubs and arenas based in Phoenix, Tucson, Albuquerque, and Santa Fe are regular stops for big stars on US tours. However, the entertainment capital of the region and, some would say the world, is Las Vegas (see pp126 –7). The Las Vegas Strip on a single night hosts as much top talent as all the other cities in the Southwest do in a year: everything from Broadway shows and dazzling homegrown producSpectacular outdoor setting of the Santa tions to a range of free Fe Opera company music in the casinos.

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§ (505) 986 -5900.

New Mexico Symphony Orchestra § (505) 881- 8999.

Musical Theater Southwest § (505) 262- 9301.

New Mexico Jazz Workshops § (505) 255-9798.

R ODEOS AND W ILD W EST S HOWS Old Tucson Studios § (520) 883- 0100.

Tombstone Visitor Center § (520) 457-3929.

Rawhide Western Town § (480) 502-1880

N IGHTLIFE The Museum Club § (928) 526 -9434.

T ICKETMASTER Phoenix § (480) 784- 4444.

Tucson § (520) 321-1000.

New Mexico § (505) 883-7800.

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S P E C I A L T Y VA C A T I O N S AND ACTIVITIES ITH THOUSANDS of miles of deep mountain bikers, hikers, and 4WD rock canyons, spectacular enthusiasts. The range of organized deserts, and towering, tours includes whitewater rafting snow-capped mountains, few and horseback riding, as well places in the world offer so as cultural heritage tours of many opportunities for outthe many ancient Native door entertainment as the American sites. Wildlife American Southwest. Much enthusiasts, particularly of the wilderness here is birdwatchers, can spot rare protected by the Federal species on the spring and Mountain bike b k rentall sign Government in national fall migration routes that parks, formed during the early 20th cross the Southwest. The region is also century when the region first began to a center for sports activities, especially attract tourists. Increasing numbers of for golfers and skiers. For information visitors are being drawn to the region, on the main events in the Southwest’s and it is now a magnet for climbers, sports calendar see pp266 – 7.

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G ENERAL I NFORMATION HE MAIN centers for outdoor activities in the region are Moab (see p141), Durango (see p179), and Sedona (see p71), with their excellent equipment shops and visitor information centers. Advance planning is advisable for activities such as whitewater rafting along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, or mule trips into the canyon, as these are often booked up to a year ahead (see pp58 – 63). Hikers and campers exploring the backcountry will also need permits from the National Park Service as well as detailed maps, which can be obtained from either the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, or the US Geological Survey. Both state and local tourist offices can supply the latest advice

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on trails, permits, and weather conditions at most attractions. Anyone exploring desert or canyon country should be aware of the potential for flash floods and should check weather reports daily, especially during the summer months of July and August.

G OLF 275 golf courses in Arizona alone, many of them top-rated, the Southwest is a golfer’s paradise. This is particularly true of Southern Arizona with its year-round warm weather. The town of Scottsdale (see pp80 –1), is considered by some to be America’s premier golf spot and is famous for such resorts as The Boulders and the legendary Phoenician, both top-rated championship courses. Tucson is also a wellknown golfing area with such

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offerings as the Jack Nicklausdesigned golf resort Westin La Paloma. New Mexico is also known for its courses and affordable greens fees. Albuquerque’s Arroyo del Oso is a challenging municipal course with immaculate fairways. Information on the various courses can be found through Golfarizona.com or at Golf New Mexico.

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Golf course at Phoenix’s top-rated Wigwam Resort (see p235)

H IKING the single most popular outdoor activity in the Southwest. Day hikes and longer trips draw large numbers of residents and visitors who feel that this is the best way to see the region’s stunning scenery. Virtually all of the national parks have excellent wellmarked trails as well as fascinating ranger-led hikes that focus on the local flora, fauna, and geology. One of

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Whitewater rafting trip on the Colorado River

IKING IS

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Mountain biking along one of many red-rock trails near Moab

the most famous, and arduous, hikes in the Southwest is a rim-to-rim hike of Grand Canyon along the Bright Angel and Kaibab trails (see pp60 –3). It takes most hikers two to three days to complete. Longer trips into the vast wilderness of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (see p148) and the Glen Canyon Recreation Area (see pp150 –51) are among the highlights of wilderness exploration for hikers. Around the Four Corners region, there are many hikes that explore archaeological sites such as the Ancestral Puebloan ruins at Chaco Canyon where there is an 8-mile (13-km) trail to the pueblo houses at Chetro Ketl (see pp174 –5).

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leads groups through wilderness areas. Moab is famous TS DRY, SUNNY CLIMATE and for the Slick Rock Trail, a extensive mountains, demanding run across more canyons, and sheer rock faces than 12 miles (19 km) of make the Southwest a popular precipitous rock with stunning climbing spot. Favored sites views. However, during the include the sheer cliffs of Zion summer months the trail can National Park (see pp154 –5), become very crowded. the rocky landscape around Around Durango, Colorado, Moab (see p142), and Utah’s cooler and greener conditions Canyonlands National prevail with rides through p Park (see p142–3). the pin ne forests of the Moab has a good Rock ky Mountains. selection of Po opular bike trails equipment shops, include the such as Pagan level, but scenic, MountainAnimas Valley eering . Red Loop or the Rock Canyon, more rugged, 15 miles (24 km) 4WD at wetlands near Moab hilly Animas west of Las Mountain Loop. Vegas, is another favorite There are also several 4WD area, with guided climbs trails, leading to remote and offered by Jackson Hole beautiful backcountry. Again, Mountain Guides. Moab is one of the top centers for off-road drivers, M OUNTAIN B IKING AND with rentals and tours availF OUR -W HEEL D RIVING able from Farabee Jeep Rentals. Canyonlands L OF THE region’s national National Park and Canyon parks have trails open to de Chelly are also popular. mountain biking, but the cen- Monument Valley in Arizona ters of this activity are Moab (see pp164 –5) is a prime and Durango, Colorado (see location for 4WD tours to areas p179). The state of Utah has not accessible by a regular car, declared itself the mountain often led by Navajo guides bike capital of the world, and from Monument Valley the Moab area is something of Tours. Also in Arizona, a pilgrimage site for mountain Sedona’s red-rock canyons bikers. Named after a welland Coconino National Forest known bike trail, Poison may be toured by 4WD. Bike Spider Bicycles sells and Apelli Adventure Tours and repairs bikes as well as local legend Pink Jeep Tours housing Nichols Tours, which offer a wide variety of tours.

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Hikers on the trail to Pueblo Alto at Chaco Canyon (see pp174– 5)

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W HITEWATER R AFTING AND K AYAKING San Juan, and Colorado rivers make the Southwest one of the world’s top destinations for whitewater rafting. These rivers run fast and deep, offering a thrilling ride, often through breathtaking canyons. Trips ranging from beginner to experienced are offered by most outfitters. Tour companies provide rafts, paddles, and lifejackets, and for multi-day trips that involve camping, food and tents may also be provided. Visitors are advised to check a variety of companies to make sure they get the river experience that suits them best. It is also a good idea to check their safety records and expertise. One of the most exciting rafting trips in the Southwest is the 12–20 day trip along the Colorado River through Grand Canyon. As numbers for some trips may be limited to eight or fewer people, tours can be booked by as much as a year in advance. Many outfitters offer Grand Canyon raft trips: one of the best known is Canyon Explorations. The confluence of the Green and Colorado rivers lies near Moab, Utah. Just beyond their convergence lies Cataract Canyon, one of the most famous whitewater rapids in the world. Shooting these waters should be undertaken only by experienced rafters. One of the best outfitters to

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take visitors through the canyon is Sheri Griffith Expeditions. The company also offers raft tours of varying degrees of difficulty on the smaller rivers in the area. Canyon Voyages offers rafting trips ranging from peaceful river journeys to thrilling whitewater adventures. They also offer kayak workshops. Wild River Expeditions’ one-day, gentle drift through the canyons of the Four Corners’ San Juan River is led by guides who are also archaeologists and geologists. There are stops at Bluff (see p172) and Mexican Hat, as well as at Ancestral Puebloan ruins.

Powerboating near Parker Dam in western Arizona

WATER S PORTS HE DAMS along the Colorado River have created a chain of artificial lakes starting with Lake Powell (see pp150 –51) and extending to Lake Mead (see p120) and Lake Havasu (see p70). A variety of water sports are available, including powerboating and jetskiing. Set in the one million-acre (400,000-ha) Glen Canyon Recreation Area, Lake Powell is famous for its houseboat

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cruises. These offer visitors the chance to experience the many beaches and canyons around the lake. All visitors are shown how to operate the boats and are given an instruction manual. There is also a variety of guided tours available, including cruises to Rainbow Bridge and Antelope Canyon. Gentle raft trips between Glen Canyon Dam and Lees Ferry are offered by Aramark Inc., the main tour concession for the lake. Lake Powell Resorts and Marinas rents out both houseboats and powerboats. On Lake Havasu all kinds of water sports equipment, from waterskis to scuba gear, can be rented from Fun Time Boat Rentals. At Lake Mead numerous shops rent fishing boats and jetskis and offer waterskiing lessons. The Lake Mead Visitor Center is a useful source of information. Boaters on all the lakes are provided with information to make water-based vacations safe and pleasurable. Children aged 12 and under must wear lifejackets, and all boats must be driven at wakeless speed within harbor or beach areas.

F ISHING MEAD, Powell, and Havasu are also noted as popular locations for fishing. The lakes are well stocked with game fish such as striped, largemouth, and smallmouth bass during the fishing season, which runs

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Fishing in a lake at Cedar Breaks National Monument, Southern Utah (see p149)

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Most of the national parks offer trail-riding tours, but the noted mule trip into Grand Canyon (see p62) needs to be booked well in advance. Xanterra Parks & Resorts offers adventurous mule rides that last two days from the South Rim, overnighting on the canyon floor at Phantom Ranch (see p232).

A IR T OURS are a good option for those time-restricted travelers who wish to see the more remote attractions. Canyonlands National Park is famous for its vast wildernesses: Redtail offers onehour flights over all three districts in Canyonlands, as well as over the stunning Dead Horse Point State Park (see p143). Slickrock Air Guides of Moab offer threehour tours that cover Canyonlands, Lake Powell, Capitol Reef National Park, and the north rim of Grand Canyon. The striking red-rock pinnacles formations of Bryce Canyon (see pp152 –3) can be seen by both plane and helicopter on tours lasting from 17 minutes to one hour. The most popular air tours are those over Grand Canyon. Several of these are offered from Las Vegas (see p123), and there are ten companies based in Tusayan at the park’s southern entrance. However, increasing numbers of airborne tourists are raising the issue of noise pollution as a pressing problem throughout the canyon. Increasing numbers of visitors complain that engine noise diminishes what should be a tranquil uil experience experien

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Mountain views from the Sandia Peak Tramway near Albuquerque

from March to November. River anglers can also fish for salmon and trout. Each state has different regulations and fishing licenses, although catch and release is the rule in many areas. Information about licenses, tournaments, and tours can be obtained from marinas, outdoor equipment stores, local gas stations, and state Fish and Game Departments.

S KIING AND W INTER S PORTS the ski season in Southwestern resorts runs from November to April. A range of skiing trips is available, from all-inclusive packages to day-trips from nearby towns. There are plenty of equipment rental outlets, although resort packages usually include skis, lift passes, and lessons if necessary. Other winter sports such as snowboarding, snowmobiling, and cross-country skiing are becoming increasingly popular, with runs and equipment now available in most resorts. Utah hosted the Winter Olympics in 2002 and offers some of the best skiing in the region. The Telluride Ski Area is set among the 19thcentury towns and mountain scenery of southwestern Colorado. The facilities and runs here, with elevations of more than 11,500 ft (3,450 m), attract many visitors during the season, including many of the country’s celebrities. Purgatory-Durango Ski Resort is less chic and less pricey, but provides just as

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much challenge with vertical drops of over 2,000 ft (600 m). New Mexico’s Taos Ski Valley includes world-class slopes, and the Arizona Snowbowl near Flagstaff (see p67) is particularly popular with cross-country skiers.

H ORSEBACK R IDING riding is synonymous with the Southwest, and almost every area has stables that rent horses. Some ranches offer guided trail rides as well as the chance to live and work as a cowboy. The range of trips is impressive: from hourlong rides to two-week dude ranch vacations (see p231). Ranches are dotted across the region, but the bestknown are those in southern Arizona, particularly near the town of Wickenburg. The area’s pleasant winter climate attracts thousands of visitors, and even large cities such as Phoenix and Tucson have riding stables and offer trails through beautiful desert scenery. Cooler summer locations such as Sedona na and Pinetop p Lakes Arizona rizona are

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Horseback riding through the desert near Tuscon, Arizona

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run by Victor Emmanuel’s Nature Tours. The Southeastern Arizona Bird Observatory also offers educational tours in the region. Many species of hawk may be spotted in the Southwest, and birds of prey such as redtailed hawks, golden eagles, and peregrine falcons are regular visitors to Bryce Canyon.

L EARNING VACATIONS SOUTHWEST, some of the most interesting learning vacations focus on native cultures and ancient civilizations. Two organizations, The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center and The Four Corners School, offer a range of vacation courses on geography, flora and fauna, ancient ruins, and Native arts. Archaeology courses often involve working on digs with professional archaeologists; Native culture courses may study both modern and ancient Native groups, their way of life, religious practices, and arts. Most programs last between four and ten days, and visitors are housed either in college International Balloon Fiesta in Albuquerque, New Mexico (see p34) campuses or in motels. The Smithsonian Institution H OT A IR B ALLOONING offers a popular program on in spring, early summer, and fall. These are peak migration past and present arts of the OOL STILL mornings, Hopi, Zuni, and Navajo tribes. seasons for warblers, flydependable sunshine, The distinctive cuisine of catchers, and shorebirds, and steady breezes have the region has led to an array while nesting waders and made the Southwest the top of courses on Southwestern ducks may be seen in New hot air ballooning destination Mexico’s Bosque del Apache cooking. The Santa Fe Cookin America. Balloon trips ing School and the Santa Fe Wildlife Refuge. The refuge around Albuquerque are a Photographic Workshops also boasts a winter popupopular excursion, particuoffer a variety of courses for lation of more than 17,000 larly in October, when the beginners and sandhill cranes. Several habiInternational Balloon Fiesta professionals. tats across the region suit takes place (see p34). OutThe Workshops also desert birds such as the fitters such as Discover offer photography roadrunner and elf owl, Balloons offer a one-hour and painting courses particularly Saguaro flight with champagne brunch. National Park in the that take advantage of You can also drift over the the unique light and Sonoran Desert. Capitol canyons of Sedona with landscapes of Santa Fe. Reef (see p146) Northern Light Balloon In Arizona, Sedona and Bryce Canyon Expeditions, and over the (see p73) is a mecca (see pp152 –3) Sonoran Desert with Hot Air for those interested in national parks attract Expeditions. New Age philosophy. yellow warblers, Broad-billed The Center for the New northern orioles, hummingbird B IRDWATCHING Age is just one place and black-chinned offering courses in yoga, hummingbirds. ITH MORE than 200 Southern Utah and southern nutrition, counseling, and species of bird, including Arizona are noted for their aromatherapy. There are also many rare breeds, birdguided tours of the vortexes hummingbird population. watching is a popular pastime Tours devoted to the study of (points of the Earth’s energy) in the Southwest, particularly these enchanting creatures are said to be found in the area.

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Monument Valley Tours

Colorado Division of Wildlife

Highway 163, Goulding, UT 84536. § (435) 727-3231.

6060 Broadway, Denver, CO 80216. § (303) 291-7533.

Pink Jeep Tours

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish

204 N. Highway 89A, PO Box 1447, Sedona AZ 86339. § (928) 282-5000; (800) 873-3662.

U.S.D.A Forest Service

Poison Spider Bicycles

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources

333 Broadway SE., Albuquerque, NM 87102. § (505) 842-3898.

497 N. Main St., Moab, UT 84532. § (435) 259 7882; (800) 635-1792.

1596 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116. § (801) 596 - 8660.

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W HITEWATER R AFTING

34631 N. Tom Darlington Drive, Carefree AZ 85377. § (800) 553-1717.

Golfarizona.com ∑ www.golfarizona.com

Golf New Mexico

Canyon Explorations PO Box 310, Flagstaff, AZ 86002. § (928) 774-4559; (800) 654 - 0723.

Canyon Voyages

Westin La Paloma

211 N. Main St., Moab UT. § (435) 259-6007; 1 (800) 733-6007.

3800 East Sunrise, Tucson AZ 85718. § (520) 742- 6000.

Sheri Griffith Expeditions

§ (505) 342-1563.

R OCK C LIMBING Jackson Hole Mountain Guides 8201 West Charleston, Suite B, Las Vegas, NV 89117. § (702) 254- 0885.

Pagan Mountaineering 59 S. Main St, Moab UT 84532. § (435) 259-1117.

PO Box 1324, Moab, UT 84532. § (435) 259 8229; (800) 332-2439.

WATER S PORTS Aramark Inc. 50 S. Lake Powell Blvd., Page, AZ 86040. § (928) 645-3279.

Lake Mead Visitor Center 601 Nevada Hwy, Boulder City, NV 89005. § (702) 293-8906/8907.

Villagra Building, Sante Fe, NM 87503. § (505) 476-8000.

S KI R ESORTS Purgatory-Durango Mountain Resort Route 550 Durango, CO 81301. § (970) 247- 9000.

Taos Ski Valley PO Box 90, Taos Ski Valley, NM 87525. § (505) 776 -2291.

Telluride Ski Area Route 145, Telluride, CO. § (970) 728-6900.

1695 W. Hwy 89A, Sedona, AZ 86336. § (928) 282-1312.

PO Box 1597, Page, AZ 86040. § (928) 645-2433, (602) 278-8888; (800) 528-6154.

F ISHING

Farabee Jeep Rentals

Arizona Game and Fish Department

401 N. Main St., Moab, UT 84532. § (435) 259-7494.

2222 Greenway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85023. § (602) 942-3000.

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Northern Light Balloon Expeditions PO Box 1695, Sedona, AZ 86339. § (928) 282-2274; (800) 230 - 6222.

B IRDWATCHING Bosque del Apache Wildlife Refuge 1001 Hwy 1, San Antonio, NM 87832. § (505) 835 -1828.

Southeastern Arizona Bird Observatory PO Box 5521, Bisbee, AZ 85603. § (520) 432-1388. ∑ www.sabo.org

Victor Emmanuel’s Nature Tours 2525 Wallingwood Dr., Suite 1003, Austin, TX 78746. § (512) 328 5221; (800) 328- 8368.

L EARNING VACATIONS

H ORSEBACK R IDING

The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center

Xanterra Parks & Resorts

23390 County Road K, Cortez, CO 81321. § (970) 565- 8975.

§ (303) 297-2757.

A IR T OURS Redtail Aviation § (435) 259 -7421; (800) 842-9251.

Slickrock Airguides of Moab § (435) 259 - 6216.

M OUNTAIN Lake Powell Resorts H OT A IR BIKING AND 4WD and Marinas B ALLOONING Bike Apelli Adventure Tours

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12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192. ∑ www.usgs.gov § (703) 648- 4748.

Boulders Resort

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The Four Corners School Box 1028, Monticello, UT 84535. § (435) 587-2859.

The Santa Fe Photographic Workshops Box 9916, Santa Fe, NM 87504. § (505) 983-1400. ∑ www.santafe workshops. com

Discover Balloons

The Santa Fe School of Cooking

205C San Felipe Northwest, Albuquerque, NM 87104. § (505) 842-1111.

116 W. San Francisco St, Santa Fe, NM 87501. § (505) 983- 4511.

Hot Air Expeditions

The Smithsonian Institution

2243 East Rose Garden Loop Suite 1, Phoenix, AZ 85024. § (480) 502- 6999; (800) 831-7610.

1000 Jefferson Drive SW, MRC702, Washington DC 20560. § (202) 357- 4700.

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P R AC T I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N is an area of an exciting experience, popular with spectacular natural beauty. millions across the world. AccomArizona, New Mexico, the modations are of international Four Corners, and Southern Utah standard (see pp230 –45), and are dotted with dramatic rock visitor information centers are formations, canyons, ancient plentiful, even in small towns. archaeological sites, and wild The following pages contain desert scenery that offer visiuseful information for all visitors tors a choice of pleasures, planning a trip to this region. including a wide variety of outPersonal Security and Health Arizona State door activities. The cities here (see pp280 –81) recommends a Parks sign are famous for their combination number of precautions, while of laid-back Southern culture and Banking and Communications (see sophisticated urban pursuits with pp282 –3) answers financial and media excellent museums and great dining. queries. There is also information on The unique attractions of Las Vegas, traveling around the country by both Nevada (see pp98 –131) also make for public transportation and car.

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W HEN T O G O has the advantage of being a yearround destination. Generally speaking the climate tends to be dictated by the varying elevations in the region. The high-lying areas of northern Arizona and New Mexico, and southern Utah have cold, snowy winters, making them popular destinations for skiing and other winter sports activities. In contrast, the lower elevations of the southern portions of the states are noted for their warm and sunny winter weather, with temperatures averaging a comfortable 70°F (21°C) in the Phoenix area, which receives thousands of winter visitors. Be aware, however, that the summer months of July and August have average temperatures of 100°F (37°C) in Phoenix, making it one of the hottest cities outside the Middle East. Spring and fall are ideal seasons to visit the southwestern United States – there are fewer visitors, and the milder temperatures make outdoor activities, especially hiking, a popular option. However, some services may be closed at these times; the North Rim of Grand Canyon in northern Arizona is open only between May and October, while the mesa tops of the ancient Pueblo site of Mesa Verde in Colorado may

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be inaccessible because of snow as late as April or May. Whatever the time of year, this is a region known for having a great deal of sun, with northern areas averaging well over 200 days of sunshine each year, and the southern parts famous for having more than 300 sunny days.

Wet weather warning sign in southern Utah

E NTRY R EQUIREMENTS Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the UK, and many other European countries can visit the US without the need for a visa. Instead, they are required to have a passport that is valid for at least six months after the trip they are

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planning and to complete a Visa Waiver Form, usually on the incoming flight. This allows for a stay of up to 90 days. Having passed through US Immigration, visitors may then use these documents to cross the border into Mexico. Canadians do not need their passports, but when they enter the US they are required to show a photo I.D., such as a citizenship card. It is a good idea to contact the nearest United States embassy to obtain the latest information on which countries are currently participating in the visa waiver program. Visitors from countries who do need a visa must apply to a US consulate or embassy, and may be asked for evidence of financial solvency, as well as for proof that they are intending to return to their country of origin. Any visitor wishing to extend their stay beyond the 90-day limit should contact the nearest US Immigration and Naturalization Service (I.N.S.) well in advance of the date stamped on their visa waiver form or visa.

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such as guided history walks, ranger-led archaeological tours, and wildlife watching can often be arranged through these offices. In addition, all the national and state parks have their own visitor centers, which provide hiking maps, safety advice, and special licenses for wilderness hiking and camping. Some of these areas are managed by special Public Land Management Agencies, which can also be contacted for information. Each state has a department of tourism, as do all the major towns and cities. Smaller urban centers and sights of special interest have offices that usually provide maps and guides. Information can also be obtained from the network of chambers of commerce throughout the region. If you are planning your trip in advance contact the visitor center of the state you are visiting, and they will be pleased to send you an information pack. Each department of tourism, as well as many individual sights, also have websites, New Mexico tourist sign which offer comprehensive information and online booking services for accommodations. Bear in mind that many of the Southwest’s attractions, such as the pueblos of New Mexico and the Navajo Nation in the Four Corners, are located on reservation lands

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and are managed by different Native American tribal councils. For advice on etiquette, opening times, and admission charges to such sights contact the local Bureau of Indian Affairs or the Navajo Tourism Department.

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that do close will be shut for such major public holidays as Thanksgiving, Christmas Day, and New Year’s Day (see p35). Most museums, parks, and other attractions in the region charge an admission fee. The amount can vary enormously, and many sights offer discounts for families, children, and senior citizens. Local newspapers may carry discount coupons, while student cards or an I.D. that proves you are over 65 guarantees reducedcost entry to most major attractions in the Southwest.

T IME Z ONES HERE ARE only two time zones that affect the area covered by this book – Mountain Standard Time, which covers Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, and Pacific Time in Nevada. Mountain Standard Time is one hour later than Pacific Time. If it is noon in Las Vegas then it will be 1pm across the rest of the region. However, daylight-saving time runs from late spring to early fall, and the clocks are set forward by one hour, except in Arizona, which does not have daylight-saving. To confuse matters even more, it is important to also be aware that the Navajo Nation (across Arizona and part of New Mexico) does use daylight-saving time, but the Hopi Indian Reservation (in the middle of the Navajo Reservation), does not.

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Ranger on a guided tour at Keet Seel, Navajo National Monument

O PENING H OURS AND A DMISSION C HARGES are seasonal. As a rule, most of the major sights are open later through the summer months. Museums and galleries tend to be open through the weekends and closed for one day during the week. Surprisingly, several attractions are open year-round, including many national parks and nearly everything in Las Vegas. In general those places

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Water fountains in the courtyard of the Heard Museum in Phoenix

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of accommodations state crossings in busy city centers whether or not they welcome have introduced dropped THOUGH THE AGE when you curbs to enable easier access. children, and in many hotels are considered a senior Service animals such as guide a child can share the parent’s dogs for the blind are the in the US is 65, a multitude of room at no extra cost. The discounts are also available to more expensive hotels also only animals allowed on people over the age of 50. provide babysitting public transportation. services and children’s Reduced rates of up Many national parks and clubs offering major archaeological sights to 50 percent can supervised activihave paved walkways apply to meals, suitable for wheelchairs. The accommodations, ties. Restaurants in public transportthe Southwest are National Park Service offers generally childfree Golden Access passes, ation, and entrance friendly, providing fees, and are often which grant free entry to all national parks for one year to better than those reasonably priced children’s menus and those who are disabled or offered to students. high chairs (see p247). blind. The Access-Able Travel There are several National Park Although discounted Source and the Society for organizations in the Service sign US through which flight tickets are Accessible Travel & discounts can be available for children, Hospitality are two organizations which offer obtained. The National Park these can often work out Service offers Golden Age more expensive than an adult a whole range of advice on Passports that reduce the cost Apex fare (see p287). traveling for the disabled, from Reduced fares for children on how to rent specially adapted of tours and services in the parks. Elderhostel arranges public transportation tend to cars to qualifying for parking educational trips to various permits. They also have vary from city to city, and if you are renting a car it is excellent websites. academic institutions for travelers over the age of 55. possible to reserve car seats S TUDENT T RAVELERS These include inexpensive for children in advance. accommodations on campus, T RAVELERS W ITH TUDENTS FROM outside the lectures, and meals. For D ISABILITIES US need to have an around $10 senior citizens identity card, such as the can join the American HE US IS famous for having International Student Identity Association of Retired Card (ISIC), to prove their excellent facilities for Persons (AARP), which also travelers with physical status. This entitles the offers good travel discounts. disabilities. Hotels, holder to substantial T RAVELING W ITH restaurants, galleries discounts on admission C HILDREN prices to museums, and museums, and galleries, and other other public buildings HE SOUTHWEST offers a popular attractions. If are legally required to wide range of attractions, you are planning to be wheelchair-accesWheelchair sible and to have theme parks, and museums stay in hostels you will access suitable for families traveling suitably designed need to join Hostelling with young children. However, restrooms. Public transportation International/American the age at which a child is also comes under this law, Youth Hostel (HI/AYH). eligible for discounts varies and trains, buses, and taxis greatly from four and under, are designed to accommodate E TIQUETTE AND T IPPING wheelchairs, while road to under 18 years. Most types HE SOUTHWEST is noted as one of the US’s most relaxed regions. Dress tends to be informal, practical, and dependent on the climate. Jeans may be worn even in upscale restaurants or the theater. In general, people are friendly and polite and, as this is a multicultural country, visitors are expected to be aware of and respect the customs of different peoples. Some of the region’s most famous sights, such as Canyon de Chelly (see pp168 –71), and Monument Valley (see pp164 –5), are located on Youngsters enjoying the child-friendly environment of the Southwest reservation land. Visitors are

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welcome but should be sensitive as to what may cause offense. It is illegal for alcohol to be brought onto reservations – even a bottle visible in a locked car will land you in trouble. Always ask before photographing anything, especially ceremonial dances or Native homes, and take into consideration that a photography fee may be requested. Do not go wandering off marked trails as this is forbidden. Try to dress respectfully – for example, the Hopi people request that people do not wear shorts.

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Apart from Las Vegas, most of the Southwest follows the rest of the US in restricting smoking in public places. The majority of hotels are nonsmoking, although a few have smoking rooms, or allow customers to smoke in bar areas. However, many restaurants have now banned smoking altogether. Service is not included on restaurant checks, and you should leave 15 percent of the total as a tip. Hotel bellhops expect $1–2 per bag, and chamber maids around $1 for each day of your stay.

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E LECTRICITY US the electrical current is 110 volts and 60 Hertz. Visitors from abroad will need an adaptor plug for the twoprong sockets and a voltage converter to operate 220-volt appliances, such as hairdryers and rechargers for cell phones and laptop computers.

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C ONVERSION C HART Bear in mind that one US pint (0.5 liter) is smaller than one UK pint (0.6 liter). US Standard to Metric 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 foot = 30 centimeters 1 mile = 1.6 kilometers 1 ounce = 28 grams 1 pound = 454 grams 1 US quart = 0.947 liter 1 US gallon = 3.8 liters

Relaxing in the informal surroundings of a Southwestern restaurant

D IRECTORY S TATE O FFICES Arizona Office of Tourism 1110 W. Washington St., Suite 155, Phoenix, AZ 85007. § (602) 364-3700; (866) 298-3795. ∑ www.arizonaguide.com

Bureau of Indian Affairs PO Box 10, Phoenix, AZ 85001. § (602) 379-4511.

Colorado Tourism Office 1625 Broadway, Denver, CO 80202. § (800) 265-6723. ∑ www.colorado.com

Navajo Tourism Department PO Box 663, Window Rock, AZ 86515. § (928) 871-6436.

New Mexico Department of Tourism

Metric to US Standard 1 centimeter = 0.4 inch 1 meter = 3 feet 3 inches 1 kilometer = 0.6 miles 1 gram = 0.04 ounce 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds 1 liter = 1.1 US quarts

National Park Service

Access-Able Travel Source

491 Old Santa Fe Trail, Santa Fe, NM 87503. § (505) 827-7400; 1 (800) 545-2070. ∑ www.newmexico.org

(see also under individual sights) Intermountain Area, PO Box 25287, Denver, CO 80225. ∑ www.nps.gov

PO Box 1796, Wheat Ridge, CO 80034. § (303) 232-2979. ∑ www.access-able.com

Public Lands Information Center

American Association of Retired Persons

∑ www.publiclands.org

3200 E. Carson Street, Lakewood, CA 90712. § (888) 687-2277. ∑ www.aarp.org

Utah Travel Council Council Hall, Capitol Hill, Salt Lake City, UT 84114. § (801) 538-1030. ∑ www.utah.com

S ENIOR T RAVELERS Elderhostel 11 Avenue de Laffayette, Boston, MA 02111. § 1 (877) 426-8056. ∑ www.elderhostel.org

D ISABLED T RAVELERS Society for Accessible Travel and Hospitality (SATH) 347 Fifth Avenue, Suite 610, New York, NY 10016. § (212) 447-7284. ∑ www.sath.org

STUDENT TRAVELERS Hostelling International/ American Youth Hostel (HI/AYH) 733 15th Street NW, Suite 840, DC 20005. § (202) 783-6161. ∑ www.hiusa.org.

US EMBASSIES London 24/31 Grosvenor Square, London W1A 1AE. § 020 7499-9000. ∑ www.usembassy.org.uk

Canada 1095 W. Pender St., Vancouver, BC VCE2M6. § (604) 685-4311.

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Personal Security and Health a relatively safe place to visit as long as some general safety precautions are observed. In contrast to other US cities, the urban centers of the Southwest have lower crime rates, but it is wise to be cautious and to find out which parts of town are unsafe at night. When Santa Fe traveling across remote country roads, take police badge a reliable local map and follow the advice of local rangers and visitor information centers. These sources also offer invaluable information on survival in the wilderness for hikers and on the normal safety procedures that should be followed by anyone engaging in any of the outdoor activities available in the region (see pp268 –73). It is also advisable to check the local media such as newspapers, television, and radio for current weather and safety conditions.

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your body. Keep your passport separate from your cash and travelers’ checks. Most hotels have safety deposit boxes or safes in which you should store any valuables. If you are driving, be sure to lock any valuables in the trunk, and to park only in well-lit parking lots. Similarly, when walking at night it is a good idea to stay where there are other people and to be aware of which areas are most likely to be unsafe.

record of the checks’ numbers, replacing them should be a painless experience, and new ones are usually issued within 24 hours. If you lose your passport, contact the nearest embassy or consulate. They will be able to issue a temporary replacement as visitors do not generally need a new full passport if they plan to return directly to their home country. However, if you are traveling on to another destination, you will need a full passport. It is also useful to hold photocopies of your driver’s license and birth certificate, as well as notarized passport photographs if you are considering an extended visit or need additional identification.

T RAVEL I NSURANCE has excellent medical services, but they are very expensive. All visitors to the US are strongly advised to make sure they have comprehensive medical and dental coverage for the duration of their stay.

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M EDICAL T REATMENT

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OR SERIOUS EMERGENCIES

L OST P ROPERTY Pedal-pushing policeman on duty in Santa Fe, New Mexico

P ERSONAL S AFETY in the Southwest are friendly, unthreatening places. However, there is crime here and it is wise to observe a few basic rules. Never carry large amounts of cash, wear obviously expensive jewelry, or keep your wallet in your back pocket, as these are the main temptations for pickpockets. It is also a good idea to wear pocketbooks (handbags) and cameras over one shoulder with the strap across

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that small items of lost or stolen property will be retrieved, but it is necessary to report all such incidents to the police in order to make an insurance claim. Telephone the Police Non-Emergency Line to report the loss or theft, and they will issue you with a police report so that you can make a claim with your insurance company. If a credit card is missing, call the credit company’s tollfree number immediately. Lost or stolen travelers’ checks should also be reported to the issuer. If you have kept a

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Police car

requiring assistance from the medical, police, or fire services call 911. The national organization, Traveler’s Aid Society, may offer help in a variety of emergencies. City hospitals with emergency rooms can be found in the Blue Pages of the telephone directory, but they are often overcrowded, particularly in larger cities. Private hospitals offer more personal treatment and are listed in the Yellow Pages of the telephone book. You may be required to provide evidence of your ability to pay before a doctor will agree to treat you, hence the importance of adequate medical insurance. Hotels will usually call a doctor or recommend a local dentist, and nonprescription painkillers and other medicines can be obtained from drugstores, many of which are open 24 hours. Prescription drugs can be dispensed only from a pharmacy. If you

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D IRECTORY E MERGENCY S ERVICES All emergencies § 911 and alert police, fire, or medical services. Paramedics vehicle

Police Non-Emergency Line Las Vegas § (702) 795-3111. Phoenix § (602) 262-6151. Santa Fe § (505) 428-3710.

Traveler’s Aid Society Fire engine

Las Vegas § (702) 369-4357. Tucson § (520) 622-8900.

sudden summer storms can C ONSULATES are already taking prescribed cause flash floods. Visitors medication, be sure to carry The consulates closest to the may obtain the latest weather extra supplies for your trip. Southwest are found in California. information from the ranger No specific vaccinations are stations in the required before Australian Consulate national parks, entering the US. Century Plaza Tower, 19th Floor, as well as by However, it is 2049 Century Park East, listening to the always a good Los Angeles, CA 90067. reports on local idea to have a § (310) 229-4828. radio and teletetanus booster vision channels. Pharmacy sign before setting British Consulate If you are planout, particularly if 11766 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200, you are planning to engage in ning a hike in wilderness terLos Angeles, CA 90025. adventurous outdoor activities. ritory, always tell someone § (310) 481-0031. where you are going and Canadian Consulate O UTDOOR H AZARDS when you expect to return. 550 South Hope St., 9th Floor, The dry heat of the region’s Los Angeles, CA 90071-2627. HE WEATHER in the summers can often be under§ (213) 346-2700. Southwest can present estimated by visitors, and visitors with a variety of hikers especially are advised New Zealand Consulate dangerous situations, to carry with them at least a 12400 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1150, especially in Southern Utah’s gallon (4 liters) of drinking Los Angeles, CA 90025. canyon country and parts of water per person for each day § (310) 207-1605. southern Arizona, where of walking. It is also extremely important for visitors to guard against the risk of forest fires, generally avoid humans; it is which can affect the area with unlikely you will be bitten if devastating results. you avoid their habitats. Mostly At the higher elevations the they hide under rocks and in sun can be surprisingly strong, crevices during the heat of even on cloudy days. If you the day. Be careful where you are planning on hiking step, and do not turn or engaging in other over rocks. Do not outdoor activities reach up to touch during the summer, rock ledges with your an effective sunscreen hands. Insect stings and a sunhat should and bites may hurt always be worn. but are rarely fatal to While the wilderadults. Always carry ness of the Southwest Fire Department a snakebite kit or a badge, Sedona is home to certain first aid kit if you are venomous creatures going into snake or such as snakes, scorpions, scorpion country. If bitten by Park Ranger at the Petrified Forest and the Gila monster lizard a snake or scorpion, seek National Park, Arizona (see p21), these creatures medical help immediately.

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Banking and Currency risk of gambling away all of their money in the Vegas casinos, visitors should encounter no problems with financial transactions in the Southwest. Banks and foreign currency exchanges are plentiful throughout the region, although it is wise to check out opening times. There are a great number of automated teller machines (ATMs) in towns and cities that enable visitors to make cash withdrawals 24 hours a day. Credit cards are a more common form of payment than hard currency, especially at hotels or car rental companies, although they can be used to withdraw cash at A ATMs.

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will not be subject to a transaction fee. A passport is required as identification when using traveler’s checks.

C REDIT, C HARGE , AND D EBIT C ARDS

The most common international systems are Cirrus and Plus. Ask both your own bank and credit card company which ATM system your card can access, and how much you will be charged for transactions of differing amounts. Withdrawals from ATMs may provide a better foreign currency exchange rate than cash transactions.

W IRING M ONEY extra cash, it is possible to have money wired from your bank at home in minutes using an electronic money service. Cash can be wired to major bank branches or to any Western Union, Thomas Cook, or American Express Moneygram outlet.

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cards are practically essential when C URRENCY traveling in the US. The cards MERICAN CURRENCY, based on are accepted as a guarantee when renting a car (see p290), the decimal system, has and are used to book tickets 100 cents to the dollar. Bills are all the same size and color, for most forms of entertainso check the number before ment. The most widely used paying. Smaller denominations cards are VISA, American Express, Masterare preferred in small towns and remote Card, and Diner’s Club. gas stations. Large $500– All credit, 10,000 bills charge, and debit cards can are no longer be used to printed but are draw money from still legal tender, an ATM. These are usually found usually found at in the hands of collectors. The banks, train and bus American Express charge cards stations, airports, and 25-cent piece is useful convenience stores. for public telephones Withdrawing cash on a debit and Las Vegas slot machines. card costs less than doing it Always carry cash for tips, on a credit or charge card. public transportation, and taxis.

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Automated teller machine (ATM), open 24 hours a day

B ANKS AND F OREIGN C URRENCY E XCHANGES times vary throughout the Southwest, but generally they are open between 9 or 10am and 5 or 6pm. Banks in the larger centers will change foreign currency and traveler’s checks, but branches in small towns may not provide this service.

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ANK OPENING

T RAVELER ’ S C HECKS are safer than cash because they can be replaced if lost or stolen. Foreign currency traveler’s checks may be cashed at large banks or at major hotels. Airports also have foreign currency exchanges where traveler’s checks can be changed, while cities and most large towns have branches of American Express and Thomas Cook, who will also change them at a slightly higher rate than that offered at a bank. If you buy checks in US dollars they are accepted as cash in many restaurants, hotels, and stores, and you

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Bank of Colorado building in the town of Durango

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Coins America’s coins (actual size shown) come in 1-dollar, 50-, 25-, 10-, 5-, and 1-cent pieces. The new Golden Dollar, released on January 26, 2000, features the likeness of Sacagawea, an enslaved Shoshone Indian who assisted and guided the Lewis and Clark expedition across the northwest US. On the flip side is a Bald Eagle and 17 stars, indicating the 17 states at the time of this exploration.

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D IRECTORY Western Union Wiring money, US § 1 (800) 325-6000.

25-cent coin (a quarter)

Wiring money, UK § 0800 833833.

American Express Moneygram US only § 1 (800) 926-9400. Check replacement § 1 (800) 221-7282. Stolen credit and charge cards § 1 (800) 992- 3404.

10-cent coin (a dime)

$1 coin

5-cent coin (a nickel)

1-cent coin (a penny)

Bank Notes The Golden Dollar has not replaced the dollar bill which is still the more widely used form of this unit of currency. Paper bills were first issued in 1862 when coins were in short supply and the Civil War needed financing. The size of the notes, the portraits, and the back designs were decided in 1929; in the 1990s the artwork for most of the bills was re-engraved.

Thomas Cook (and MasterCard) Check replacement and stolen credit cards § 1 (800) 223-9920.

VISA Check replacement § 1 (800) 227-6811. Stolen credit cards § 1 (800) 336-8472.

Diner’s Club Check replacement and stolen credit cards § 1 (800) 234-6377.

5 dollar bill ($5)

100 dollar bill ($100)

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Media and Communications HE UNITED STATES has some of the most sophisticated communications systems in the world. Telephone, mail, and Internet services are all readily available, providing US mail stamp fast and efficient services to destinations both local and worldwide. There is a plentiful supply of public pay phones across much of the Southwest region. They can be found in public buildings, cafés, bars, gas stations, hotels, and motels. However, bear in mind that this is a region of remote wildernesses, such as the Four Corners and southern Utah, where mailboxes or pay phones may be hard to find.

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off-peak times, generally in the evenings and at weekends. Be aware that if you use your hotel telephone to make calls you may find you are charged at a much higher rate. International numbers are preceded by 011, then the country code, followed by the city code (dropping the initial 0), and the number. International calls can be made from a pay phone, but you may need a stack of change to dial direct and will be interrupted by the operator for more money when your time runs out. It is easier

U SING A C OIN -O PERATED P HONE

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Lift the receiver.

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Press the number.

Coins Make sure you have the correct coins before you dial.

2

Insert the necessary coin or coins. The money drops as soon as you insert it.

4

If you wish to cancel a call before it connects, or if the call does not get through, you can retrieve the coin(s) by pressing the coin release lever.

5 5 cents

10 cents

25 cents

If the call is answered and you talk longer than the allotted three minutes, the operator will interrupt and ask you to deposit more coins. Pay phones do not give change.

AT&T phonecards, available from local stores and vending machines

to buy a phonecard from one of the major telephone companies such as AT&T. These can be obtained from hotels, convenience stores, and vending machines for up to $50 dollars worth of calls. They usually operate by

U SEFUL D IALING C ODES • To make a direct-dial call outside the local area code, but within the US and Canada, dial 1 then the area code. Useful codes include: Utah 435 (801 for the Salt Lake City area); Las Vegas 702; New Mexico 505; Arizona (520 in the south, 928 in the north, 602 or 480 for the Phoenix area); Colorado 970. • For international directdial calls, dial 011 and the appropriate country code. Then dial the area code, omitting the first 0, and the local number. • To make an international call via the operator, dial 01 and then follow the same procedure as detailed above. • For international operator assistance, dial 01. • For local operator assistance, dial 0. • For international directory inquiries, dial 00. • For local directory inquiries, dial 411. • For emergency police, fire, or ambulance services, dial 911. • 1-800, 877, and 888 indicate a toll-free number.

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the federal mail: Priority Mail giving you a series of code promises faster delivery than numbers to punch into the normal first class mail, while phone, which accesses your the more expensive Express account and tells you how Mail guarantees next day much call time you have left delivery within the US and before you dial. There are up to 72 hours delivery for clear instructions on how to international packages. use them on each card. If Several private international you have any difficulty getting through, call the operator and delivery services offer swift, next-day delivery for overseas request to be connected as a collect call (in which case the mail, the best known being Federal Express and DHL. recipient will be liable for All the major cities the cost of the call). have a main post office Toll-free calls have as well as several local 1-800, 877, or 888 offices. In addition, numbers, and are there are post offices widely-used in the US, in airports, grocery offering free calls to a stores, and drugstores. range of businesses If you have the correct and services such as value of postage stamps, hotels and car rental both letters and parcels companies. If you call can be mailed in any a toll-free number from one of the many mail outside the US, you US boxes dotted around will hear a message mailbox every town. These are explaining how you will generally dark blue and have actually be charged for the the collection times posted on call, at the usual toll rate. them. It is also possible to C ELL PHONES , E- MAIL , buy postage stamps from AND FAX S ERVICES convenience stores, vending machines, and in hotels. T IS POSSIBLE to rent a cell N EWSPAPERS , (mobile) phone while on vacation, or to have your own T ELEVISION , AND R ADIO cell phone tuned into local HE BEST-SELLING daily networks. Another increasingly papers country-wide are popular method of communithe Wall Street Journal, New cation for both US citizens York Times, USA Today, and and visitors is e-mail. These Los Angeles Times, which days many hotels provide modem outlets in their rooms, cover the country as a whole. and there are Internet cafés in However, there is a wide selection of local newspapers most of the cities and larger available at even the smallest towns. Faxes can often be sent from the larger hotels, as town in the region, and these are invaluable for local well as from post offices and information. Visitor centers copy centers. Charges are also often carry free papers based on the time of day of the transmission, destination, and the number of pages.

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D IRECTORY AT&T § (212) 387-5400.

Federal Express § 1 (800) 463-3339. ∑ www.fedex.com

DHL § 1 (800) 225-5345. ∑ www.dhl.com

detailing local news, events, and weather conditions; they may also contain discount vouchers for local attractions. Various radio stations offer local news bulletins and weather forecasts. National Public Radio is a good source of commercial-free news and entertainment, and is usually located along the FM band. The US is famous for having a multitude of TV channels, provided by the four networks – ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC – as well as many cable channels including magazine programs, sitcoms, cartoons, and special Spanish language channels. Most hotel and motel rooms provide at least the network channels (which all have local services), as well as PBS, the public subscription channel (with no commercials), and Cable News Network (CNN). Other popular cable channels include Home Box Office (HBO), which shows movies and entertainment shows. Most daily newspapers provide network program times, and hotel rooms are often equipped with local television schedules.

M AIL S ERVICES ITHIN THE US all mail is first class and generally takes between one and five days to arrive. The correct zip (postal) code usually ensures a swifter delivery. International mail sent by air takes between five and ten days to arrive, but parcels that are sent at the surface parcel rate may take as long as four to six weeks. There are two special parcel services run by

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T R AV E L I N F O R M A T I O N HOENIX ,

Salt Lake mode of transport for City, and Las Vegas those touring the are the main gateSouthwest. This is a ways for international visitors country with an excelUnited arriving in the Southwest by air. Airlines plane lent, well-maintained network There are other major airports of highways, inexpensive gas, at Albuquerque and El Paso, Texas, and comfortable, air-conditioned cars. which serve as entry points to the Even in the centers of the major cities region. Visitors also arrive by car, long- here, public transportation tends to distance bus or, less frequently, by be the least-favored option. There are Amtrak train. However, the US is a no urban train services and only limnation devoted to driving, and the ited bus networks, offering a minimal automobile remains the preferred service on evenings and weekends.

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connecting flights to and from cities and towns across the country (see directory box). The largest airport in the region is Phoenix’s Sky Harbor International, which has three terminals and receives the bulk of domestic arrivals. Phoenix is also a center for major American airlines offering both international and domestic routes, including American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta Airlines, Frontier Airlines, Mesa Air, NorthLas Vegas’s McCarran airport with close-up view of the Luxor (see p106) west Airlines, Scenic Airlines, Skywest Airlines, A RRIVING BY A IR London on Virgin Atlantic Southwest Airlines, United and several flights from Japan Airlines, and America West. NLIKE MANY other American and Southeast Asia. Those From Phoenix, America West destinations, there are flies to Tucson, Sedona, and carriers that fly directly to the few nonstop flights into the Southwest tend to arrive at Yuma. Albuquerque Sunport Southwest from outside either Phoenix or Salt Lake International airport is a base the US. Most visitors will have City. The few for Mesa Air, to connect via one of the which runs major intercountry’s major hubs such as national airlines services to and Los Angeles, San Francisco, that do offer from Denver, Skywest Airlines logo Chicago, or Dallas airports. direct flights Dallas (via Travelers from Pacific countries into the Southwest region Roswell), Santa Fe, and other generally change at Honolulu, include British Airways, Air towns across New Mexico. Hawaii. An exception to this Canada, and Aero Mexico. Tucson International Airport is Las Vegas, which has more Each state in the Southwest in southern Arizona flies to direct international flights has a major airport as well as Mexico City, but most arriving in the city each year, some smaller ones, and a travelers to and from abroad including a service from range of airlines here offer have to connect at a larger

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§ INFORMATION

DISTANCE TO CITY CENTER

TRAVEL TIME BY ROAD

Phoenix

(602) 273-3300

4 miles (6.4 km )

15 minutes

Las Vegas

(702) 261-5743

2.5 miles (4 km)

10 minutes

Albuquerque

(505) 842-4366

5 miles (8 km)

20 minutes

El Paso

(915) 772-4271

5 miles (8 km)

20 minutes

Tucson

(520) 573-8000

8 miles (12.8 km)

30 minutes

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airport. Although there are limited amount of duty free immigration and customs goods. These include 0.2 galhere, there are no money lons (1 liter) of alcohol, 200 cigarettes, 50 cigars (but not changing facilities inside the airport. El Paso airport is a Cuban), and up to $100 worth base for several of gifts. Cash southwestern airamounts over lines including $10,000 should America West, and be declared, but provides links with there is no legal Tucson, Phoenix, limit on the amount and Albuquerque of money brought among other into the US. destinations. The three major Mesa Airlines logo Visitors rarely airports offer a good choose to travel to southern range of services, and several Utah by air, but there is a small Las Vegas hotels will now airfield near Moab (see p141). check you into your room at In the Four Corners, the the airport. Car rental, shuttle largest airport is the Durango- bus, and taxi services are La Plata County Airport plentiful and most terminals serviced by America West offer facilities for the disabled. and United Express. The A IR FARES nearest airport to Mesa Verde National Park (see HERE IS AN array of fare pp180 – 81) is the tiny Corteztypes and prices available Montezuma Airport, served for travel to and around the by United Express. Southwest. If you are traveling from outside the US, research the market well in advance of your trip, as the least expensive tickets are usually booked early, especially for travel during busy seasons, which are between June and September, as well as around the Christmas and Thanksgiving holidays. Although there are several websites offering bargains on last minute bookings, such as telme.com, or lastminute.com, direct flights to the Southwest are more likely to be booked in advance through an airline Airport official unloading bags or travel agent. Agents are a from a tourist flight good source of information on the latest bargains and I NTERNATIONAL A RRIVALS ticket restrictions. They may also offer special deals to F YOU ARE arriving at one those booking rental cars, of the major Southwestern accommodations, and airports and you are not a US domestic flights in addition citizen or resident you must to their international ticket. present your passport and Fly-drive deals, where the visa to the immigration cost of the ticket includes officials before claiming your car rental, are generally also a lower-priced option. baggage. If you are catching It is always less expensive a connecting flight you will have to pick up your baggage to book an APEX (Advanced at the first point of entry and Purchase Excursion) fare, check it on to your final desti- which must be bought no less nation. Completed customs than seven days in advance. declaration forms are also However, these tickets impose given to immigration officials such restrictions as a minion arrival. Adult nonresidents mum (usually seven days) are permitted to bring in a and a maximum (between

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D IRECTORY A IRLINE C ARRIERS (US C ONTACT N UMBERS ) Aero Mexico § 1 (800) 237- 6639.

Air Canada § 1 (888) 247-2262.

America West § 1 (800) 235-9292 (800-2 Fly Away).

American Airlines § 1 (800) 433-7300.

British Airways § 1 (800) 247-9297.

Continental Airlines § 1 (800) 525 -0280.

Delta Airlines § 1 (800) 221-1212.

Frontier Airlines § 1 (800) 432-1359.

Mesa Air § 1 (800) 637-2247.

Northwest Airlines § 1 (800) 225 -2525.

Redtail Aviation § (435) 259 -7421.

Scenic Airlines § (702) 638 -3200.

Skywest Airlines § (435) 634-3000.

Southwest Airlines § 1 (800) 435-9792.

United Airlines § 1 (800) 241- 6522.

Virgin Atlantic § 1 (800) 862- 8621.

three and six months) length of stay. It can also be difficult to alter dates of flights after purchase, and you should consider insuring yourself against delays or cancellations.

B AGGAGE R ESTRICTIONS domestic passengers are allowed two bags each with an average weight of 70 lb (32 kg), plus one piece of hand luggage. On smaller domestic or sightseeing flights on light aircraft only one piece of hand luggage is accepted.

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RAIN AND BUS travel in the Southwest can be slower than the more popular car and plane travel, but it can also be an enjoyable means of exploring the region. Long-distance buses are the least expensive way to travel here, and they also offer the widest choice of destinations. Within the major cities, public transGreyhound Bus logo portation is by local bus only. Although these buses tend to focus on daytime services for local commuters, they are also useful to visitors since most routes include centrally placed attractions. Booking a tour can often be the best way of seeing both major city sights and some of the more remote scenery of the Southwest, if you are not driving yourself. Taxis are also an efficient means of traveling around cities.

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Amtrak booking desk for train tickets in the Southwest

HE SAD DECLINE of railroad travel in the US has left only a few lines, run by Amtrak, which cross the Southwest traveling east and west across the country. Visitors can no longer make the epic, nonstop journey from New York in the east to Los Angeles in the west, but the evocatively named Southwest Chief runs daily between Chicago and Los Angeles, stopping at the village of Lamy, near Santa Fe, and at Albuquerque, before heading west, via Navajo and Hopi country at Winslow and Gallup, to Flagstaff. From Flagstaff, Amtrak run a connecting bus service to Grand Canyon, and a bus from Lamy takes passengers into Santa Fe. Two other Amtrak services cross the area covered in this book. The California Zephyr begins in Chicago and follows a more northerly route to San Francisco, stopping at Green

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River in southern Utah, which lies 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Moab and the attractions of Arches and Canyonlands national parks. The Sunset Limited service travels from Miami through Texas and along the southern sections of New Mexico and Arizona. Southwest stops on this service include El Paso, Tucson, (which has a connecting bus service to Phoenix), and Yuma.

All three trains are Amtrak Superliners, which means they have two-tier cars offering a choice of accommodations from luxurious cabins with bathrooms to sleeping recliner chairs. The trains also possess full-length domed windows on the upper level for viewing the spectacular scenery, as well as lounge, restaurant, and snack cars.

S PECIALTY T RIPS railroad trips on historic rail stock that offer visitors the chance to enjoy some of the region’s most delightful scenery. The Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad, runs between Chama, New Mexico (see p203) and Antonito, Colorado through 64 miles (103 km) of peaks, tunnels, and gorges on a narrow gauge steam locomotive during the summer months. Colorado’s Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad (see p179) travels through the foothills of the Rockies past rugged mining country, often including abandoned machinery and wooden shacks, while the Grand Canyon Railway offers both diesel and steam rail trips from Williams (see p70) to Grand Canyon. The trip takes a little over two hours and offers packages including meals and overnight accommodations at the canyon and features Western entertainments – including a posse of bad guys staging an attack on the train. For rail enthusiasts there is also the Santa Fe Southern

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Railway, which offers a 36-mile (58-km) round trip excursion on a freight train between Santa Fe and the village of Lamy. There are restored vintage cars and special sunset trips with dinner included.

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Amtrak and Greyhound tickets should be booked in advance. Not only does this usually mean less expensive fares but you will also be guaranteed a seat. Through Greyhound you can also get Ameripasses, which are discounted tickets valid for varying lengths of time from 7 to 60 days. Discounts are available for children under 12, students, seniors, military families, and veterans. Reservations are essential on long-distance Amtrak Superliner services operating in the Southwest, and can be made up to 11 months in advance of the trip. Lower fares are available during off-peak times, between January and midMay and from mid-September through mid-December.

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company in the US is Greyhound. Along with a few affiliated companies, it links all the major and many of the smaller towns and cities across the Southwest region. Greyhound buses also provide essential links with the major airports and Amtrak services. The Amtrak Thruway is a bus service connecting train stops with the major cities. For example, a bus service takes passengers from the Southwest Chief train at Flagstaff on to Phoenix. P UBLIC T RANSPORTATION Some of the most useful IN C ITIES bus links operate out of airports. From Albuquerque ITH THE EXCEPTIONS of airport Greyhound provides Santa Fe and Flagstaff, routes to Durango, Carlsbad, which are best explored on Farmington, and Roswell. foot, the major cities of the From Phoenix’s Sky Harbor Southwest, such as Phoenix airport there are 27 different and Albuquerque, cover large daily routes throughout areas and are Arizona, as well as increasingly plagued eight daily trips by traffic problems. direct to its second In these places city, Tucson. you might want Greyhound and to consider using a number of other some form of public specialist comtransportation. panies also offer Valley Metro bus Albuquerque’s package tours, in Phoenix metropolitan bus which can provide system, Sun Tran, visitors with a more leisurely way of sightseeing in covers most parts of the city, including the airport, Old the area without the need to Town, and University District drive long distances. Every(see pp210 –15). Phoenix and thing from national parks Scottsdale (see pp76 –81) are such as Grand Canyon to covered by the Valley Metro archaeological attractions such as Chaco Canyon can be bus system, as well as by

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seen as part of a comfortable tour on luxury, air-conditioned buses, and the package also includes meals and accommodations. Gray Line Albuquerque offer daily tours of Acoma Pueblo, Santa Fe, and Albuquerque. Check local papers or the Yellow Pages telephone directory for listings of other bus and coach companies that provide similar types of services.

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Greyhound bus crossing southwestern desert landscape

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D IRECTORY R AIL C OMPANIES Amtrak § 1 800 872-7245. ∑ www.amtrak.com

Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad § (505) 756-2151 or 1 (888) 2862737. ∑ www.cumbrestoltec.com

Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad § (970) 247-2733 or 1 (888) 8724607. ∑ www.durangotrain.com

Grand Canyon Railway § (928) 773-1976 or 1 (800) 843-8724. ∑ www.thetrain.com

Santa Fe Southern Railway § (505) 989-8600 or 1 (800) 989 8600. ∑ www.sfsr.com

B US C OMPANIES Greyhound § 1(800) 231-2222. ∑ www.greyhound.com

Gray Line Albuquerque § (505) 243-4435.

Gray Line Phoenix § (800) 777-3484.

C ITY P UBLIC T RANSIT Downtown Dash Phoenix. § (602) 253-5000.

Ollie the Trolley Scottsdale. § (480) 970-8130.

Sun Tran Albuquerque. § (505) 243-7433.

Valley Metro Phoenix. § (602) 253-5000.

Ollie the Trolley, a bus service that runs between Scottsdale’s resorts and its many shopping districts. Downtown Phoenix also has the convenient Downtown Dash, which travels between the State Capitol, Arizona Center, and the Civic Plaza from Monday to Friday for the bargain price of only 30¢.

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Traveling By Car and Four-Wheel Drive HEN THE MOVIE characters Thelma and Louise won a kind of freedom on the open roads of the Southwest, they promoted the pleasures of driving in this visually spectacular region. However, for both residents and visitors, driving is a necessary part of life in the US, particularly in the Southwest, and a car is often the only means of reaching remote country areas. Tours of such picturesque regions as central Arizona (see p71), the Enchanted Circle (see p207 ) in New Mexico, Gas pump or the San Juan Skyway in Colorado (see p178) are best made by car. This is possible because the entire region is served by a network of well-maintained roads, from multilane highways to winding, scenic routes.

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mean the best deal. Check that the price includes unlimited mileage and basic liability insurance, which is a legal requirement and covers any damage to another car. There is also a rental tax of 10 percent. Collision damage waiver saves you from being charged for any visible defects on the car. Return the car with a full tank of gas, and leave plenty of time to complete any formalities. If you are traveling in summer air conditioning is a necessity. Most rental cars have automatic transmission, although some companies offer a stick shift. Child seats or cars for disabled drivers must be arranged in advance.

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in the US are known popularly as either Freeways or Interstates. Highway speed limits are set by each state. In the Southwest the speed limit on the major highways varies between 55 mph (90 km/h) and 75 mph (120 km/h). The Highway Patrol imposes these rules rigorously, and anyone caught speeding will be fined.

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and in towns and cities across the region. However, if you ISITORS FROM ABROAD must are planning to arrive at one have a full driver’s license of the major hubs such as Las that has been issued for at Vegas or Phoenix, the least least a year before the date expensive option is to arrange of travel. International Driving a fly-drive deal. If you depart Licenses are not necessary, but from a different airport than they can be helpful if your the one you arrived at you license is in a script other may be charged a drop-off fee. than Roman. There is a central Although it is computerized legal to rent a booking system car to those over for most of the Hertz car-rental logo the age of 21, car companies, some rental so use the toll-free companies charge extra to number to find the best rates. those under 25. It is also Bargains can also be had by essential to have a credit card booking in advance and for to pay the rental deposit, as travel during off season. Rates few companies are willing to vary from state to state, and accept a cash deposit. there may be deals for There are rental car combusiness travelers, frequent panies all over the Southwest. flyers, or members of the Most of the major businesses, American Automobile such as Alamo, Avis, and Association (AAA or Triple Hertz, and some of the budA.) Currently, discounts are get dealers, such as Dollar also offered by booking on Rent-A-Car, and Thrifty the Internet. However, the Auto, have outlets at airports cheapest rates do not always

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Speed limit (in mph)

Rest area indicated off an Interstate

Wildlife warning

Stop at intersection

Traffic flows in a single direction

Traffic signs A range of different traffic signs offer warnings and instructions to drivers and should be adhered to.

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D IRECTORY C AR R ENTAL C OMPANIES Alamo § 1 (800) 354-2322. ∑ www.alamo.com

Avis § 1 (800) 331-1212. ∑ www.avis.com

Budget § 1 (800) 527-0700. ∑ www.budget.com Gas service station on the legendary Route 66 (see pp50 – 51)

In cities, watch for signs indicating the speed limit, as it can vary from 45 mph (75 km/h) to as little as 15 mph (35 km/h) in school zones. (Note that it is illegal to pass a stationary school bus.) Pay attention to road signs, especially in remote areas where they may Back Country issue warnings Byway sign about local hazards. Heavy penalties are exacted from those who drink and drive, and the alcohol limit is low. Get information on US traffic rules from your rental company or the AAA. Some rules may seem strange to foreigners. For example, you can turn right on a red light if there is no oncoming traffic, and the first vehicle to reach a Stop sign junction has the right of way. Americans also drive on the right. The AAA provides maps and may offer help to those affiliated with foreign motoring clubs.

a long trip, be aware that gas stations can be less common than many visitors expect, so fill your tank before driving across remote areas.

B ACKCOUNTRY D RIVING in remote parts of the Southwest such as southern Utah’s canyon country or the desert regions of Arizona and New Mexico, it is very important to check your route to see if a 4WD-vehicle is required. Although some backcountry areas now have roads able to carry conventional cars, a 4WD is essential in some wild and remote areas. Grand StaircaseEscalante National Monument (see p148), for example, intends to maintain its environment by prohibiting further road building. Motoring organizations and tourist centers can provide information to assess your trip properly.

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G AS AND S ERVICE S TATIONS being a gasoline tax, gas is cheap in the US, although prices do vary, with service stations in remote areas being more expensive. It is sold by the gallon, rather than the liter as in Europe. Service stations may have a pump attendant or be self-service, in which case it is usual to pay before filling up. If you are planning

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Unimproved road sign in Utah’s Kodachrome Basin (see p148)

Dollar Rent-A-Car § 1 (800) 800-4000. ∑ www.dollar.com

Hertz § 1 (800) 654-3131. ∑ www.hertz.com

Thrifty Auto Rental § 1 (800) 847-4389. ∑ www.thrifty.com

U SEFUL O RGANISATIONS American Automobile Association 4100 E. Arkansas Drive, Denver, CO 80222. § (303) 753-8800. ∑ www.aaa.com

There are basic safety points to be observed on any trip of this kind. Plan your route and carry up-to-date maps. When traveling between remote destinations, inform the police or park wardens of your departure and expected arrival times. Check road conditions before you start, and be aware of seasonal dangers such as flash floods in Utah’s canyonlands. Carry plenty of food and water, and a cell (mobile) phone as an added precaution. If you run out of gas or break down, stay with your vehicle since it offers protection from the elements. If you fail to arrive at the expected time, a search party will look for you. Native flora and fauna must not be removed or damaged. Do not drive off-road, unless in a specially designated area and especially not on reservation land. If driving an RV, you must stop overnight in designated campgrounds.

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General Index Page numbers in bold type refer to main entries.

A Abiquiu, New Mexico 203 hotels 241 Access-Able Travel Source 279 Accommodations Express 123 Acoma, New Mexico restaurants 262 Acoma peoples 39 Acoma Pueblo 34, 217 Admission charges 277 Adobe architecture 22 Adventuredome (Las Vegas) 117 Aero Mexico 287 Aerowest 287 Agape Pueblo Pottery (Albuquerque) Street-by-Street map 210 Agassi, André 111 Agua Canyon (Bryce Canyon National Park) 153 Aiding a Comrade (Remington) 55 Air Canada 287 Air tours 271, 273 Air travel 286 –7 Aircraft Davis-Monthan Air Force Base (Tucson) 87 Pima Air and Space Museum (Tucson) 87 Aladdin (Las Vegas) 103, 109 Alamo (car rental) 291 Alamogordo, New Mexico 224 hotels 243 restaurants 262 Albuquerque, New Mexico 184, 210 –15 airport 286 festivals 32–5 hotels 243–4 Indian Pueblo Cultural Center 214 –15 map 212–13 Old Town Street-by-Street 210–11 public transit 289 restaurants 262–3 Albuquerque BioPark 212 Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta 34, 272 Albuquerque Museum of Art and History 213 Street-by-Street map 211 Alburquerque, Duke of 210 Alcohol drinking and driving 291 in restaurants 247 What to Drink 248 Algiers Hotel (Las Vegas) 105 All-American Futurity (Ruidoso) 34 Allen, Rex 93 Alta Lake 175 Ambassador Limo 123 Ambulances 281 America West 287 American Airlines 287 American Association of Retired Persons 279 American Automobile Association 291 American Civil War 41 American Express 283 American Indian Week (Albuquerque) 32

American International Rattlesnake Museum (Albuquerque) 213 Street-by-Street map 211 American Progress (Gast) 43 Amerind Foundation 93 Amtrak 289 Anasazi see Ancestral Puebloans Anasazi State Park 147 Ancestral Puebloans 37, 38, 160 – 61 Acoma Pueblo 217 Aztec, New Mexico 173 Bandelier National Monument 200 –1 Canyon de Chelly National Monument 168, 170 Chaco Culture National Historical Park 174 – 5 Edge of Cedars State Park 172 Hovenweep National Monument 172 Mesa Verde National Park 180 Native Art of the Southwest 29 Ute Mountain Tribal Park 172 – 3 Valley of Fire State Park 121 Angel Fire, New Mexico Enchanted Circle tour 207 Anglo-American settlers 40 –1, 42 –3 Annual Bluegrass and Country Music Festival (Telluride) 33 Antelope Canyon 139, 150 Anza, Juan Bautista de 24, 40, 90 Anza Trail 24 Apache 15, 26, 38 Native Art of the Southwest 28 –9 warriors 42, 43 Apache Junction, Arizona hotels 234 restaurants 252 Apache Trail 82 – 3 Aquariums Albuquerque BioPark 212 Aramark Inc. 273 Arches National Park 140 –1 Architecture 22 – 3 Arcosanti, Arizona 81 Arizona 47– 93 Astronomy in Southern Arizona 91 Birdwatching in the Canyons of Southern Arizona 87 The Four Corners 158 The Geology of Grand Canyon 52 – 3 Grand Canyon and northern Arizona 57 –73 Heart of Arizona tour 71 hotels 232– 6 map 48 –9 Phoenix and Southern Arizona 75 – 93 restaurants 250 – 4 Route 66 50 –1, 56 Tucson 84 – 9 weather 276 Wild West 54 –5 Arizona Association of Bed and Breakfast Inns 231 Arizona Cardinals 33, 267 Arizona Dude Ranch Association 231 Arizona Game and Fish Department 273 Arizona Mining and Mineral Museum (Phoenix) 76 Arizona Office of Tourism 279 Arizona Pepper Products Co. (Mesa) 265

Arizona Science Center (Phoenix) 77 Arizona Snowbowl (Flagstaff) 67 Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (Tucson) 86 Arizona State Capitol Museum (Phoenix) 76 Arizona State Museum (Tucson) 85 Art art galleries 265 Native Art of the Southwest 28 –9 see also Museums and galleries Astronomy in Southern Arizona 91 AT&T 285 Atlas Lake San Juan Skyway tour 178 The Atomic Age 186 –7 Los Alamos 200 National Atomic Museum (Albuquerque) 215 The Attack on the Emigrant Train (Ferdinand) 42–3 Augustine, St. 84 Australian consulate 281 Autocollections at the Imperial Palace 114 Avis 291 Aztec, New Mexico 173 hotels 240 Az-tex Hats of Phoenix 265 Aztec Ruins National Monument 173

B Baca family 198 Baccarat 131 Bacon’s Boots and Saddles (Globe) 265 Balanced Rock (Arches National Park) 141 Balcony House (Mesa Verde National Park) 181 Ballooning 34, 272, 273 Bandelier National Monument 185, 200 –1 Bank One Stadium 267 Banking 282 Banknotes 282–3 Barrio Historic District (Tucson) 85 Basketmaker people 37, 168, 180 Bat-Flight Breakfast 33 Becknell, William 25, 41 Bed and breakfasts 231 Bed and Breakfasts of New Mexico 231 Bellagio (Las Vegas) 103, 110 Bellagio Gallery of Fine Art (Las Vegas) 110 Bent, Charles 205 Bernalillo, New Mexico 209, 216 Best Western 231 Betatakin 166 Bicycles, mountain 269, 273 Big Shot (Las Vegas) 117 Bike Apelli Adventure Tours (Sedona) 273 Billy the Kid 33, 54, 200, 225 El Paso 223 Lincoln County War 44, 225 Mesilla 222 Silver City 219 Biltmore Fashion Park (Phoenix) 265 Binion, Benny 108, 118 Binion’s Horseshoe (Las Vegas) 118 Biosphere 2 Center (Tucson) 87

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Birds Birdwatching in the Canyons of Southern Arizona 87 birdwatching vacations 272, 273 Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge 218,273 Bisbee, Arizona 33, 92 hotels 234 restaurants 252 Bishop, Joey 97 Blackjack 129 Blake, Ernie 206 Blanding, Utah 172 Blue Man Group (Las Vegas) 127 Bluff, Utah 147, 172 hotels 240 restaurants 258 Blumenschein, Ernest 204 Blumenschein Home and Museum (Taos) 204 Boardwalk Casino (Las Vegas) 102 Boca Negra Canyon 215 Bolack, Tom 173 Bolack Museum of Fish and Wildlife (Farmington) 173 Bonanza General Store (Las Vegas) 125 Borgata of Scottsdale (Scottsdale) 265 Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge 218, 273 Boulder, Utah 147 hotels 238 restaurants 256 Boulder City, Nevada 120 hotels 232 Boulders Resort 268, 273 Boulevard Mall (Las Vegas) 125 Bradbury Science Museum (Los Alamos) 200 Branigan Cultural Complex (Las Cruces) 222 Braun, Dr. Wernher von 186 Breakfast 246 Bridger, Jim 42 Brigham Young Winter Home Historic Site 149 Bright Angel Trail 17, 59, 60, 62, 63 Britain, US embassy 279 British Airways 287 British consulate 281 Bryant, Page 73 Bryce Canyon National Park 134, 152 – 3 hotels 238 restaurants 256 Bryce, Ebenezer 152 Buchanan, James 137 Budget (car rental) 291 Bullfrog Marina 147 Bureau of Indian Affairs 279 Burr Trail 147 Burton, Lance 127 Buses 122, 289 Butterfield Stage route 24 Buttes 19

C Cacti 20 Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument 90 Saguaro National Park 86 Caesars Palace (Las Vegas) 103, 111 Cafés 247 Calf Creek Canyon 147 California condors 63

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Camelback Mountain 80 Cameron, Arizona hotels 240 restaurants 258 Cameron Trading Post 265 Camino Real 24, 25, 194, 198, 223 Camp Verde, Arizona 72 Heart of Arizona tour 71 hotels 232 Campgrounds 231 Canada, US embassy 279 Canadian consulate 281 Candlelight Wedding Chapel (Las Vegas) 105 Canyon de Chelly National Monument 15, 168 –71 Canyon de Muerto 15 Canyon Explorations 273 Canyon Road (Santa Fe) 197 Canyon Voyages 273 Canyonlands National Park 142 Canyons 19 Cape Royal Drive 63 Capitol Reef National Park 146 Caribbean stud poker 131 Carlsbad, New Mexico 227 hotels 244 restaurants 263 Carlsbad Caverns National Park 14, 33, 226 – 7 Carlton, General James A. 171 Carnarvon, Lord 107 Cars 290 –1 four-wheel driving 269, 291 Imperial Palace Auto Collection (Las Vegas) 112 in Las Vegas 123 see also Tours by car Carson, Kit 24, 168, 204 Kit Carson Home and Museum (Taos) 204 and the “Long Walk” 171 Carson National Forest 207 Carter, Howard 106–7 Casa Grande Ruins National Monument 83 Casa Grande Trading Post (Cerillos) 217 Casino Legends Hall of Fame (Las Vegas) 108 Casinos, Las Vegas 96, 99, 128 – 31 Cassidy, Butch 179 Cathedral Rock 48 Cathedrals St. Augustine (Tucson) 84 St. Francis (Santa Fe) 193, 195 Caves Carlsbad Caverns National Park 226 – 7 Grand Canyon Caverns 50 Kartchner Caverns State Park 93 Cedar Breaks National Monument 149 hotels 239 Cedar City, Utah 33, 148 – 9 hotels 239 restaurants 257 Cedar Crest, New Mexico hotels 244 Cell phones 285 Center for Creative Photography (Tucson) 85 Cerillos, New Mexico 216, 217 Chaco Canyon 160–1 Chaco Culture National Historical Park 174 – 5

Chain hotels 230, 231 Chama, New Mexico 203 hotels 242 Chamber Music Festival (Santa Fe) 33 Charge cards 282 Charleston, Mount 121 Chihuahuan Desert 20, 223 Children 278 in restaurants 247 Children’s Museum (Albuquerque) 213 Children’s Museum (Las Vegas) 119 Chile peppers 218 Chihuly, Dale 103 Chimayo, New Mexico 203 hotels 242 restaurants 260 Chinle, Arizona hotels 240 restaurants 258 Chiricahua National Monument 93 Chloride, Arizona 70 Christmas 35 Church Street Café (Albuquerque) Street-by-Street map 210 Churches Loretto Chapel (Santa Fe) 195 San Felipe de Neri (Albuquerque) 212 San Francisco de Asis (Rancho de Taos) 206 San Miguel Mission (Santa Fe) 197 San Xavier del Bac Mission (Tucson) 88 –9 Santuario de Guadalupe (Santa Fe) 194 Cimarron, New Mexico hotels 242 El Cinco de Mayo 32, 35 Cinema see Film Circus Circus (Las Vegas) 105, 117 Cirque du Soleil 115, 127 Citizens Area Transit 123 Clanton gang 55, 92 Claude, Georges 105 Climate see Weather Climbing 269, 273 Clinton, Bill 45, 148 Clothes 278 in restaurants 247 Western wear 265 Cloudcroft, New Mexico 226 hotels 244 restaurants 263 Clovis culture 37 Coach USA 123 Cochise, Chief 26, 42 Cochise people 37 Coffee houses 247 Coins 283 Colonizing the Southwest 24 –5 Colorado The Four Corners 158 weather 276 Colorado Division of Wildlife 273 Colorado Dude and Guest Ranch Association 231 Colorado Plateau 13, 18–19 Colorado River 90 Canyonlands National Park 142 Grand Canyon 52–3, 58 – 63 Hoover Dam 16, 96, 120, 121 Lake Powell 150 Colorado Travel and Tourism Authority 279 Colter, Mary E.J. 62, 63

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Comfort Inn 231 Communications 284 – 5 La Concha Motel (Las Vegas) 105 Consulates 281 Continental Airlines 287 Conversion chart 279 Cooking schools 249 Copperfield, David 111 Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park 18, 149 Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de 24, 25, 39, 216 Coronado State Monument 209, 216 Cortez, Colorado hotels 241 restaurants 258 Cosanti Foundation (Scottsdale) 81 Cottonwood, Arizona hotels 232 Country Inn and Suites 231 Cowboys 34, 35, 54 – 5 Rex Allen Arizona Cowboy Museum (Willcox) 93 Rodeos and Wild West shows 266, 267 Western wear 265 Crafts, Native American 264, 265 Craps 130 Crawford, Joan 116 Credit cards 264, 282 lost 280 Crime 280 Crow Canyon Archaeological Center 273 Cruise, Tom 29, 143 Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad 203, 289 Currency 282 – 3 Cycling, mountain 269, 273

Dolores, Colorado San Juan Skyway tour 178 Dominguez, Fray 40 Don Arden’s Jubilee (Las Vegas) 127 Douglas, Arizona hotels 234 Douglas, Kirk 55, 87 Dragoon, Arizona hotels 234 Dude ranches 231 Durango, Colorado 179 hotels 241 restaurants 259 San Juan Skyway tour 178 Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad 179, 289

D Dams 45 Danny Gans 127 DAV Vietnam Veterans Memorial Enchanted Circle tour 207 Davis, Sammy Jr 97 Davis-Monthan Air Force Base (Tucson) 87 Dead Horse Point State Park 29, 143 Deadwood Dick (Nat Love) 54 Debit cards 282 Deer Creek 147 Delta Airlines 287 Deming, New Mexico 33, 219 Desert Botanical Garden (Phoenix) 82 Desert Passage (Las Vegas) 125 Desert Princess 123 Desert View Drive 61, 62, 63 Deserts Desert Flora and Fauna 20 –1 Landscapes of the Southwest 18 –19 D.H. Lawrence Memorial Enchanted Circle tour 207 DHL 285 Dietrich, Marlene 116 Dineh (Houser) 29 Diner’s Club 283 Dion, Celine 111 Disabled travelers 247, 278, 279 Discover Balloons 273 Dive (Las Vegas) 104 Dolan, James 225 Dollar Rent-A-Car 291

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E E-mail 285 Eagle Nest, New Mexico Enchanted Circle tour 207 Earp, Wyatt 55, 92 Eastwood, Clint 164 Econolodge 231 Edge of Cedars State Park 172 Einstein, Albert 215 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 87 El Cortez (Las Vegas) 118 El Morro National Monument 217 El Paso, New Mexico 222 – 3 airport 286 El Presidio Historic District (Tucson) 13, 84 El Tiradito (Tucson) 85 Elderhostel 279 Electricity 279 Elephant Butte Lake State Park 218 Elliott, Sam 29 Embassies 279 Embassy Suites 231 Emergency services 281 Enchanted Circle tour 207 Engelstad, Ralph 114 Entertainment 266 –7 Las Vegas 126 –7 Entry requirements 276 Escalante, Fray 40 Escalante, Utah hotels 239 Etiquette 278 – 9 Excalibur (Las Vegas) 102, 107 Explora Science Center (Albuquerque) 213

F Fall in the Southwest 34 –5 Farabee Jeep Rentals 273 Farmington, New Mexico 173 hotels 241 restaurants 259 Farmington Museum 173 Fashion Show Mall (Las Vegas) 104, 125 Fat Tire Festival (Moab) 35 Fax services 285 FBR Open Golf Tournament 35 Fechin, Nicolai 204 –5 Federal Express 285 Ferdinand, Charles The Attack on the Emigrant Train 43 Festival of the Cranes (Socorro) 35 Festivals 32 –5 Native Cultures of the Southwest 26 –7

Fiesta Bowl Festival and Parade (Phoenix) 35 La Fiesta de Tumacacori 35 La Fiesta de los Vaqueros (Tucson) 35 Fiestas 189 Fifth Generation Trading Company (Farmington) 265 Film Old Tucson Studios 86 –7 The Southwest: backdrop for the Movies 28 – 9 Sundance Film Festival (Utah) 29 Fire services 281 Fishing 270 –1, 273 Flagsong (Hyde) 78 Flagstaff, Arizona 51, 66 – 8 hotels 232 map 67 Museum of Northern Arizona 68 restaurants 250 Flagstaff Festival of the Arts 33 Flagstaff Festival of Science 34 Flamingo Las Vegas 103, 111 Flandrau Science Center (Tucson) 85 Food and drink chile peppers 218, 248 cooking schools 249 An Introduction to Southwestern Food 248 – 9 stores 265 see also Restaurants Ford, John 28, 29 Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park 164, 165 Fort Selden State Monument 222 Fort Verde at Camp Verde State Historic Park 72 Forum Shops (Las Vegas) 125 Four Corners 157 – 81 Ancestral Puebloans 160 –1 Canyon de Chelly National Monument 168 –71 Chaco Culture National Historical Park 174 –5 Exploring the Four Corners 158 – 9 hotels 240 – 41 map 163 Mesa Verde National Park 180 –1 Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park 164 –5 restaurants 258 –9 San Juan Skyway tour 178 Four Corners Monument Navajo Tribal Park 173 Four Corners School 273 Four Queens (Las Vegas) 118 Four-wheel driving 159, 269 Fox, Michael J. 28 Franciscans 88 –9 Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory 91 Free Spirits at Noisy Water (McGary) 225 Fremont Petroglyphs 146 Fremont Street Experience (Las Vegas) 118 Frontier Days Rodeo 33

G Gable, Clark 70, 114 Gadsden Museum (Mesilla) 222 Gallagher, Noel 107 Galleries see Museums and galleries Gambling 96, 99, 128 – 31

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GameWorks (Las Vegas) 109 Ganado and Hubbell Trading Post 167 Garbo, Greta 108 Gardens see Parks and gardens Garrett, Sheriff Pat 54, 225 Gas stations 291 Gast, John, American Progress 43 Gathering of Nations Pow Wow (Albuquerque) 32 Geology, Grand Canyon 52 – 3 Georgia O’Keeffe Museum (Santa Fe) 194 Geronimo 26, 42, 44 Geronimo Days 34 Geronimo Springs Museum (Truth or Consequences) 218 Ghost Ranch 203 Gila, New Mexico hotels 245 Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument 218 –19 Gila County Historical Museum (Globe) 83 Girard, Alexander 197 Glen Canyon Dam 15–16, 45, 150, 151 Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 135, 147, 150 –1 Globe, Arizona 83 restaurants 252 Goblin Valley State Park 143 Goddard, Robert H. 186–7, 227 Golden, New Mexico 216 Golden Nugget (Las Vegas) 118 Goldwater, Barry 78 Golf 127, 268, 273 Golfarizona.com 273 Golf New Mexico 273 Goulding’s Lodge (Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park) 165 Governor Bent House and Museum (Taos) 205 Grand Canal Shoppes (Las Vegas) 125 Grand Canyon 13, 58 – 65 climate 34 geology 52 – 3 Grand Canyon National Park 60 – 3 hotels 232– 3 restaurants 250 Grand Canyon Caverns 50 Grand Canyon Lodge 60, 63 Grand Canyon Music Festival 34 Grand Canyon Railroad 44, 60, 289 Grand Canyon Village, Arizona 62 restaurants 250 Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument 135, 147, 148 Grandview Point 58, 61, 63 Grants, New Mexico 217 hotels 245 restaurants 263 Gray Line 123, 289 Great American Duck Race (Deming) 33 Great Basin Desert 21 Great Rio Grande Raft Race (Albuquerque) 33 Green River 142, 143 Green Valley, Arizona hotels 234 Greyhound 289 Groves, General Leslie R. 186 Guided Night Walk (Santa Fe) 35 Guild Indian Fair and Market (Phoenix) 32 Gulley, Boyce Luther 82

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Gunfight at the OK Corral 55, 75, 92

H Hacienda Martínez (New Mexico) 188, 206 Halls Crossing, Utah 151 Harwood Museum of Art (Taos) 204 Hatch Chile Festival 34 Havasu Canyon 58 Health 280–1 Health spas, Las Vegas 127 Heard, Dwight 78 Heard, Maie 78 Heard Museum (Phoenix) 29, 78 – 9, 277 Heart of Arizona tour 71 Helicopter trips, Las Vegas 123 Helldorado Days and Rodeo 33, 35 Hell’s Backbone Bridge 147 Herberger Theater Center 267 Heritage Square (Phoenix) 76 Hermit Road 59, 60, 62 Hermits Rest 62 Hertz 291 Heston, Charlton 29 High Roller (Las Vegas) 117 Hiking 127, 268 – 9, 281 Hispanic Culture in New Mexico 188 – 9 History 37– 45 Hohokam people 38, 75 Casa Grande Ruins National Monument 83 Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park (Phoenix) 81 Saguaro National Park 86 Holbrook, Arizona 51 Hole-in-the-Road Rock 147 Holiday Inn 231 Holidays, public 35 Holliday, Doc 55, 92, 201 Hoover, Herbert 121 Hoover Dam 16, 45, 96, 120, 121 Hoover Dam Museum (Boulder City) 120 Hopi 15, 27, 29 Canyon de Chelly National Monument 168 Grand Canyon Village 62 Hopi Indian Reserve 166 –7 Hopi mesa and Acoma Pueblo 39 Wupatki National Monument 69 Hopi Point 59, 62 Horse-racing 34, 224 Horseback riding 127, 271, 273 Hospitals 280–1 Hostelling International/American Youth Hostel (HI/AYH) 279 Hot Air Expeditions 273 Hot Springs, Spence 200 Hotels 230 – 45 shopping in 124 – 5 tipping in 122, 279 Houser, Allan, Dineh 29 Hovenweep National Monument 172 Hubbard Museum of the American West (Ruidoso) 224–7 Hubbell, John Lorenzo 167 Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site 167, 265 Hughes, Holly, The Buffalo 199 Hughes, Howard 96, 97 Huntington, W.D. 172 Hyde, Doug, Flagsong 78

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I Immigration and Naturalization Service 276 Imperial Palace (Las Vegas) 103 Indian Market (Santa Fe) 33 Indian Pueblo Cultural Center (Albuquerque) 214 –15, 265 Indian Wars 44 Inns, staying in 231 Inscription Rock 24 Institute of American Indian Arts (Santa Fe) 193, 194 Insurance 280 Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial 33 International UFO Museum and Research Center (Roswell) 227

J Jackson Hole Mountain Guides 273 Jaramillo, Josefa 204 Jemez Springs, New Mexico 200 hotels 245 Jemez State Monument 200 Jerome, Arizona 72 Heart of Arizona tour 71 hotels 233 restaurants 250–1 Jesuit missions 40 John Wesley Powell River History Museum 143 Johnson, George 92 Johnson, Lyndon B. 87 Johnson Canyon 28, 148 JP Slot Emporium (Las Vegas) 125

K Kaibab Plateau 52, 53 Kanab, Utah 149 hotels 239 restaurants 257 Kartchner Caverns State Park 14, 93 Kayaking 270 Kayenta, Arizona restaurants 259 Keet Seel 158, 166, 277 Kennedy, John F. 87 Keno 131 KiMo Theater (Albuquerque) 213 King Tut’s Tomb and Museum (Las Vegas) 106–7 Kingman, Arizona 70 hotels 233 restaurants 251 Kino, Father Eusebio 40, 88, 91 Kisk, A.W. 187 Kit Carson Home and Museum (Taos) 204 Kitt Peak National Observatory 91 Kodachrome Basin State Park 148 Kolb, Ellsworth and Emery 67 Kuau-a-Kiva Pueblo 209

L Laguna, New Mexico hotels 245 Lake Havasu City, Arizona 70 hotels 233 Lake Havasu City, Arizona (cont.) restaurants 251 Lake Mead National Recreation Area 120

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Lake Mead Visitor Center 273 Lake Powell Resorts and Marinas 273 Lamy, Jean Baptiste, Archbishop of Santa Fe 195 Lancaster, Burt 55, 87 Lance Burton, Master Magician (Las Vegas) 127 Landscape The Geology of Grand Canyon 52 – 3 Landscapes of the Southwest 18–19 Languages 14–15 Las Cruces, New Mexico 34, 222 hotels 245 Las Vegas, Nevada 96–131 airport 286 The Changing Face of Las Vegas 96 –7 climate 34 entertainment 126 –7 Exploring Las Vegas 100 –1 festivals 33 gambling 128 – 31 history 99 hotels 236–8 neon signs 105 practical information 122 – 31 restaurants 254 – 6 shopping 124 – 5 travel 122–3 A View of the Strip 102 – 5 weddings 107 Las Vegas, New Mexico 201 Las Vegas Convention and Visitor’s Authority (LVCVA) 123 Las Vegas Helicopters 123 Las Vegas Hilton 116 – 17 Las Vegas Limousines 123 Las Vegas Natural History Museum 119 Las Vegas Outlet Mall 125 Las Vegas Strip Trolleys 123 Lawford, Peter 97 Lawrence, D.H. 207 Lazy K Bar Guest Ranch 75 Le Boulevard (Las Vegas) 125 Learning vacations 272, 273 Lees Ferry, Utah 150 Leigh, William 93 Lemmon, Mount 86, 87 Levi Strauss & Co 55 Liberace 116 Liberace Museum (Las Vegas) 109 Lied Discovery Children’s Museum (Las Vegas) 119 Limousines, in Las Vegas 123 Lincoln, New Mexico 33, 225 hotels 245 restaurants 263 Lincoln County Cowboy Symposium (Ruidoso) 34 Lincoln County War (1878) 44, 225 Links at Sierra Blanca (Ruidoso) 224 Living Desert State Park 227 Ljungquist, N.T. 187 Lombard, Carole 70 London Bridge (Lake Havasu City) 70 Long Canyon 147 “Long Walk” 171 Loretto Chapel (Santa Fe) 195 Street-by-Street map 193 Los Alamos 45, 186, 200 Los Alamos Historical Museum 200 Lost City Museum of Archaeology (Overton) 121 Lost Dutchman State Park 82

Lost property 280 Louisiana Purchase (1803) 40, 41 Lounge bars, Las Vegas 127 Lowell, Percival 66 Lowell Observatory (Flagstaff) 66 Lower Calf Creek Falls 147 Lucas, George 107 Lugo, Nancy Youngblood 17, 29 Luhan, Mabel Dodge 204 Luxor (Las Vegas) 102, 106 –7 Luxor Imax Theater (Las Vegas) 106

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M M&M’s World (Las Vegas) 109 MacArthur, Douglas 222 McCulloch, Robert 70 McEnroe, John 111 McGary, Dave, Free Spirits at Noisy Water 225 McSween, Alexander 225 Madrid, New Mexico 216–17 Mail services 285 Malls 264 – 5 Las Vegas 125 Mandalay Bay (Las Vegas) 102, 106 Manet, Edouard 110 Manhattan Project 45, 186, 200 Mansur, C.W. 187 Manuelito 43 Maps Albuquerque 210 –13 Albuquerque and Southern New Mexico 209 Arches National Park 140 Arizona 48 –9 Bryce Canyon National Park 152–3 Canyon de Chelly National Monument 170 Canyonlands National Park 142 Capitol Reef National Park 146 Chaco Culture National Historical Park 175 Enchanted Circle tour 207 Colonizers of the Southwest 24 –5 Flagstaff, Arizona 67 The Four Corners 158 – 9, 163 geographical regions 18 Grand Canyon and northern Arizona 57 Grand Canyon National Park 60–1 Heart of Arizona tour 71 Lake Powell and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 150–1 Las Vegas 100–1 Las Vegas: A View of the Strip 102–5 Mesa Verde National Park 180 Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park 164 New Mexico 184 –5 Northern Pueblos tour 202 Phoenix 76 –7, 80 Phoenix and Southern Arizona 75 El Rancho de las Golondrinas (Santa Fe) 198 Route 66 in Arizona 50–1 San Juan Skyway tour 178 Santa Fe 192–3, 195 Santa Fe and Northern New Mexico 191 Southern Utah 134 –5, 139 Southwest USA 10–11 Taos 205 Tucson, Arizona 85, 86 Zion National Park 154

Maricopa Point 62 Martin, Dean 29, 97, 127 Martínez, Don Antonio 188, 206 Martínez, Maria 17, 29, 205 Martinez, Paddy 217 MasterCard 283 Matheson Wetlands Preserve 141 Mathis, Johnny 116 Matthews, Meg 107 Maxwell Museum of Anthropology (Albuquerque) 215 Mead, Lake 120 Media 285 Medical treatment 280 –1 Mesa Air 287 Mesa Verde National Park 160, 180 –1 hotels 241 Mesas 19 Mesilla, New Mexico 222 restaurants 263 Metrocenter Mall (Phoenix) 265 Mexican-American War (1846- 47) 41, 42 Mexican War of Independence (1822) 40–1 MGM Grand (Las Vegas) 102, 108 MGM Grand Lion Habitat (Las Vegas) 108 Millicent Rogers Museum (Taos) 205 Million Dollar Highway 178 Mimbres people 28–9, 218–19 Minnelli, Liza 127 Mining Arizona Mining and Mineral Museum (Phoenix) 76 Bisbee, Arizona 92 Globe, Arizona 83 Grants, New Mexico 217 Jerome, Arizona 72 Lost Dutchman State Park 82 New Mexico Mining Museum (Grants) 217 Old Coal Mine Museum (Madrid) 217 Silver City, New Mexico 219 Tombstone, Arizona 92 Turquoise Trail 216 –17 Mirage (Las Vegas) 104, 112–13 Mission Revival architecture 23 Missions 40 Mission Socorro (El Paso) 223 San Francisco de Asis (Rancho de Taos) 206 San Miguel Mission (Santa Fe) 197 San Xavier del Bac Mission (Tucson) 88 – 9 Tumacacori 91 “The Mittens” (Monument Valley) 158, 163, 165 Moab (Utah) 35, 141 Backdrop for the Movies 28 climate 34 hotels 239 restaurants 257 Mogollon culture 38, 218 –19 Mojave Desert 21 Money 282 – 3 Monroe, Marilyn 114 Montezuma Castle National Monument 72 Heart of Arizona tour 71

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Monument Valley 13, 158, 163, 164 –5 Backdrop for the Movies 28 – 9 butte formations 18 hotels 241 Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park 164 restaurants 259 Monument Valley Tours 273 Mormons 15, 136 –7 Bluff, Utah 172 Cedar City, Utah 148 Hole-in-the-Road Rock 147 Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort (Las Vegas) 119 St. George, Utah 149 Salt Lake City 24 Morrison, George, Red Totem 78 Motels 230, 231 Mount Graham International Observatory 91 Mountain biking 269, 273 Mountains 18 Mummy Cave Overlook 15 Murphy, Lawrence 225 Museum Club 51, 267 Museum Plaza (Santa Fe) 197 Museums and galleries Albuquerque Museum of Art and History 211, 213 American International Rattlesnake Museum (Albuquerque) 211, 213 Amerind Foundation 93 Arizona Historical Society Museum (Tucson) 85 Arizona Mining and Mineral Museum (Phoenix) 76 Arizona Science Center (Phoenix) 77 Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (Tucson) 86 Arizona State Capitol Museum (Phoenix) 76 Arizona State Museum (Tucson) 85 Bellagio Gallery of Fine Art (Las Vegas) 110 Blumenschein Home and Museum (Taos) 204 Bolack Museum of Fish and Wildlife (Farmington) 173 Bradbury Science Museum (Los Alamos) 200 Branigan Cultural Center (Las Cruces) 222 Brigham Young Winter Home Historic Site 149 Casino Legends Hall of Fame (Las Vegas) 108 Center for Creative Photography (Tucson) 85 Children’s Museum (Albuquerque) 213 Cosanti Foundation (Scottsdale) 81 Deming Luna Mimbres Museum 219 Explora Science Center (Albuquerque) 213 Farmington Museum 173 Flandrau Science Center (Tucson) 85 Gadsden Museum (Mesilla) 222 Georgia O’Keeffe Museum (Santa Fe) 194 Geronimo Springs Museum (Truth or Consequences) 218

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Museums (cont.) Gila County Historical Museum (Globe) 83 Governor Bent House and Museum (Taos) 205 Hacienda Martinez (Rancho de Taos) 206 Harwood Foundation Museum (Taos) 204 Heard Museum (Phoenix) 29, 78 – 9, 277 Hoover Dam Museum (Boulder City) 120 Hubbard Museum of the American West (Ruidoso) 224–5 Imperial Palace Auto Collection (Las Vegas) 112 Indian Pueblo Cultural Center (Albuquerque) 214 –15 Institute of American Indian Arts (Santa Fe) 193, 194 International UFO Museum and Research Center (Roswell) 227 John Wesley Powell River History Museum 143 King Tut’s Tomb and Museum (Las Vegas) 106 –7 Kit Carson Home and Museum (Taos) 204 Las Vegas Natural History Museum 119 Liberace Museum (Las Vegas) 109 Lied Discovery Children’s Museum (Las Vegas) 119 Los Alamos Historical Museum 200 Lost City Museum of Archaeology (Overton) 121 Maxwell Museum of Anthropology (Albuquerque) 215 Millicent Rogers Museum (Taos) 205 Museum and Art Center (Roswell) 227 Museum of Fine Arts (Santa Fe) 192, 194 Museum of Indian Arts and Culture (Santa Fe) 197 Museum of International Folk Art (Santa Fe) 196 –7 Museum of Natural History (Albuquerque) 211 Museum of New Mexico (Santa Fe) 193 Museum of Northern Arizona (Flagstaff) 68 Museum of Spanish Colonial Art (Santa Fe) 265 National Atomic Museum (Albuquerque) 215 Navajo Nation Museum 167 New Mexico Mining Museum (Grants) 217 New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science (Albuquerque) 212 –13 New Mexico Museum of Space History (Alamogordo) 224 New Mexico State Capitol (Santa Fe) 199 Old Coal Mine Museum (Madrid) 217 Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort (Las Vegas) 119 Palace of the Governors (Santa Fe) 194

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Museums (cont.) Phoenix Art Museum 77 Phoenix Museum of History 77 Pima Air and Space Museum (Tucson) 87 Pima County Courthouse (Tucson) 84 Pioneer Museum (Flagstaff) 67 Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park (Phoenix) 81 Rainbow Forest Museum 73 El Rancho de las Golondrinas (Santa Fe) 189, 198 –9 Rex Allen Arizona Cowboy Museum (Willcox) 93 Riordan Mansion State Historic Park (Flagstaff) 67 Rose Tree Inn Museum (Tombstone) 92 San Juan County Historical Museum (Silverton) 179 San Xavier del Bac Mission (Tucson) 89 Silver City Museum 219 Taos Art Museum (Taos) 204–5 Titan Missile Museum (Sahuarita) 87 Tombstone Courthouse 92 Tucson Museum of Art and Historic Block 84 Tumacacori 91 Turquoise Museum (Albuquerque) 212 University of Arizona Museum of Art (Tucson) 85 University Art Museum (Albuquerque) 215 Western New Mexico University Museum (Silver City) 219 Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian (Santa Fe) 197 White Sands Missile Range Museum 223 Music classical music, ballet and opera 267 festivals 33 Santa Fe Opera 199 Musical Theater Southwest 267 Mystère (Las Vegas) 127 Mystery Castle (Phoenix) 82

N Nakai, Carlos R. 17 Nambe Falls Celebration 33 Nambe Pueblo Northern Pueblos tour 202 Namingha, Dan, Red Tailed Hawk 28 –9, 79 Napoleon I, Emperor 40 Narbona, Lieutenant Antonio 169 National Atomic Museum (Albuquerque) 215 National Forest Service 231 National monuments Aztec Ruins 173 Bandelier 185, 200 –1 Canyon de Chelly 168 –9 Casa Grande Ruins 83 Cedar Breaks 149 Chiricahua 93 El Morro 217

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National monuments (cont.) Gila Cliff Dwellings 218 –19 Grand Staircase-Escalante 147, 148 Hovenweep 172 Montezuma Castle 71, 72 Navajo 158, 166 Organ Pipe Cactus 90 Petroglyph 215 Rainbow Bridge 143, 150 Sunset Crater Volcano 69 Tonto 82–3 Tuzigoot 71, 73 Walnut Canyon 69 White Sands 185, 219, 223 Wupatki 69 National parks 13, 279 Arches 140 –1 Bryce Canyon 134, 152 – 3 Canyonlands 142 Capitol Reef 146 Carlsbad Caverns 226– 7 Grand Canyon 13, 60 – 3 Mesa Verde 180 –1 Petrified Forest 73, 161 Saguaro 86 Zion 13, 19, 134, 154 – 5 Native Americans Amerind Foundation 93 Ancestral Puebloans 160 –1 crafts 264, 265 etiquette 278–9 food and drink 249 Geronimo Springs Museum (Truth or Consequences) 218 Heard Museum (Phoenix) 29, 78 – 9, 277 history 37–9 Indian Pueblo Cultural Center (Albuquerque) 214 –15 Institute of American Indian Arts (Santa Fe) 194 languages 15 Museum of Indian Arts and Culture (Santa Fe) 197 Native American Arts and Crafts Show 33 Native Art of the Southwest 28 –9 Native Cultures of the Southwest 26 –7 Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian (Santa Fe) 197 see also individual peoples Navajo 15, 26, 38 Canyon de Chelly National Monument 168–70 festivals 34 Heard Museum (Phoenix) 79 “Long Walk” 43, 44, 171 Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park 164 Native Art of the Southwest 28, 29 Navajo National Monument 158, 166 Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian (Santa Fe) 197 Window Rock 167 Navajo Tourist Department 279 Neon signs, Las Vegas 105 New Mexico 183 –227 Albuquerque and Southern New Mexico 209 –27 The Atomic Age 186 –7 Enchanted Circle tour 207 food and drink 248 The Four Corners 158

New Mexico (cont.) Hispanic Culture in New Mexico 188 – 9 hotels 241–5 maps 184–5, 191, 209 Northern Pueblos tour 202 restaurants 260–3 Santa Fe and Northern New Mexico 191–207 Taos 204 – 6 weather 276 New Mexico Arts and Crafts Fair (Albuquerque) 33 New Mexico Bed and Breakfast Association 231 New Mexico Department of Game and Fish 273 New Mexico Department of Tourism 279 New Mexico Jazz Workshops 267 New Mexico Mining Museum (Grants) 217 New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science (Albuquerque) 212 –13 New Mexico Museum of Space History 224 New Mexico State Capitol (Santa Fe) 199 New Mexico State Fair 34 New Mexico Symphony Orchestra 267 New York New York (Las Vegas) 102, 107 New Zealand consulate 281 Newspapers 285 Newton, Wayne 17, 127 Nightlife 267 Niza, Fray Marcos de 38–9 Nogales, Arizona 91 restaurants 252 North Kaibab Trail 60, 62 North Rim, Grand Canyon 59, 63 Northern Arizona University (Flagstaff) 66 Northern Light Balloon Expeditions 273 Northern Pueblos tour 202 Northwest Airlines 287

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O “O” (Las Vegas) 127 Oak Creek Canyon 69 Oatman, Arizona 50, 70 Observatories Astronomy in Southern Arizona 91 Lowell Observatory (Flagstaff) 66 O’Connor, Hugh 84 OK Corral, Gunfight at (Tombstone) 92 O’Keeffe, Georgia 17, 203 Georgia O’Keeffe Museum (Santa Fe) 194 Phoenix Art Museum 77 San Francisco de Asis (Rancho de Taos) 206 Old Coal Mine Museum (Madrid) 217 Old Las Vegas Mormon State Historic Park (Las Vegas) 119 Old Lincoln Days 33 Old Spanish Trail 24, 25, 40, 42 Old Town Plaza (Albuquerque) Street-by-Street map 210 Old Tucson Studios (Tucson) 28, 86 –7, 267 Ollie the Trolley 289

On Demand Sedan & Limousine Service 123 Oñate, Juan de 25, 39 El Morro National Monument 217 Socorro, New Mexico 218 Opening hours 277 banks 282 restaurants 246 stores 264 Opera 267 Santa Fe Opera 199 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 186 Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument 90 Original Trading Post (Santa Fe) Street-by-Street map 192 Orpheum Theater 267 Ortega family 203 Ouray, Colorado 179 restaurants 259 San Juan Skyway tour 178

P Pagan Mountaineering 273 Page, Utah hotels 239 Pai gow poker 131 Painted Desert 73 Paiute Indians 152 Palace of the Governors (Santa Fe) 194 Street-by-Street map 193 Panguitch, Utah hotels 239 restaurants 257 Papago Park (Phoenix) 82 Papago people 37 Paris (Las Vegas) 103, 110 Parks and gardens Albuquerque BioPark 212 Desert Botanical Garden (Phoenix) 82 Papago Park (Phoenix) 82 see also National parks Passports 91, 276 lost 280 Paxton, Bill 29 Pecos National Historic Park 201 Penn and Teller 127 Peppers, chile 218, 248 Peralta, Don Pedro de 39, 192 Personal security 280 –1 Petrified Forest National Park 73, 161 Petroglyphs Bandelier National Monument 201 El Morro National Monument 217 Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park 164 Petroglyph Canyon Trail 121 Petroglyph National Monument (Albuquerque) 215 PGA Phoenix Golf FBR Open 35 Phillips, Bert 204 Phoenix, Arizona 48, 76 – 82 airport 286 climate 34 festivals 32, 35 Heard Museum 78 – 9 hotels 234 –5 maps 76–7, 80 public transit 289 restaurants 252–3 weather 276 Phoenix Art Museum 77

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Phoenix Museum of History 77 Phoenix Symphony Hall 267 Phoenix Zoo 82 Pima Air and Space Museum (Tucson) 87 Pima County Courthouse (Tucson) 84 Pink Jeep Tours 273 Pioneer Museum (Flagstaff) 67 Plaza (Las Vegas) 118 Point Imperial 61, 63 Poison Spider Bicycles 273 Poisonous wildlife 21, 281 Pojoaque Pueblo Northern Pueblos tour 202 Poker 131 Police 281 Politics 15–16 Popé 40 Powell, John Wesley 24, 25 Glen Canyon 151 Green River 143 John Wesley Powell River History Museum 143 Powell, Lake 29, 45, 135, 143, 147 Lake Powell and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 150 –1 Predock, Antoine 225 Prescott, Arizona 33 Heart of Arizona tour 71 Presley, Elvis Cadillac 114 in Las Vegas 96, 116, 127 wedding 103, 107, 109 Presley, Priscilla 103, 107, 109 Production shows, Las Vegas 127 Public holidays 35 Public Lands Information Center 279 Pueblo Bonito 161, 174–5 Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park (Phoenix) 81 Pueblo people 26 –7, 29 see also Ancestral Puebloans Pueblo Revival architecture 23 Pueblo Revolt (1680) 39, 40, 192, 195 Pueblos 37– 8, 39 Acoma Pueblo 217 Chaco Culture National Historical Park 174 –5 Indian Pueblo Cultural Center (Albuquerque) 214 – 15 Montezuma Castle National Monument 72 Navajo National Monument 166 Northern Pueblos tour 202 Pecos National Historic Park 201 Taos Pueblo 206 Tonto National Monument 83 Tuzigoot National Monument 73 Purgatory-Durango Ski Resort 273 Puye Cliff Dwellings Northern Pueblos tour 202

Q Questa, New Mexico Enchanted Circle tour 207 The Questionable Companionship (Remington) 54

R Race books, casinos 131 Radio 285 Rafting, whitewater 270, 273 Ragsdale, Jim 227

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Railroads see Trains Rainbow Bridge National Monument 143, 150 Rainbow Forest Museum 73 Rainfall 14 Ramada Inns 231 Ramsey, Sir William 105 Ranches, dude 231 El Rancho de las Golondrinas (Santa Fe) 189, 198 – 9 Rancho de Taos, New Mexico 206 restaurants 260 “Rat Pack” 97, 114 Rawhide Western Town 267 Red River Enchanted Circle tour 207 Red Rock Canyon 121 Red Rock State Park 73 Red Tailed Hawk (Namingha) 28–9, 79 Red Totem (Morrison) 78 Redford, Robert 29 Redtail Aviation 273 Religion 15 Mormons 136 –7 Remington, Frederic 93 Aiding a Comrade 55 The Questionable Companionship 54 Rendezvous of the Gunfighters (Tombstone) 34 Renting cars 290, 291 Reservations, etiquette 278 –9 Restaurants 246 – 63 see also Food and drink Rex Allen Arizona Cowboy Museum (Willcox) 93 Riding 271, 273 Rio Grande 200 Northern Pueblos tour 202 Rio Grande Arts and Crafts Festival (Albuquerque) 32 Rio Grande Gorge Bridge (Taos) 205 Rio Grande Zoological Park (Albuquerque) 213 Riordan, Michael and Timothy 67 Riordan Mansion State Historic Park (Flagstaff) 67 Rivera, Diego 66 Riviera (Las Vegas) 116 Robinson, Steven 187 Rock climbing 269, 273 Rockhound State Park 219 Rocky Mountains 13, 18 Rodeos and Wild West shows 34, 35, 266, 267 Rogers, Ginger 116 Rogers, Millicent 205 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 215 Roosevelt, Theodore 60 Rose Tree Inn Museum (Tombstone) 92 Roswell, New Mexico 33, 227 hotels 245 Roswell Incident (1947) 227 Roulette 131 Route 66 in Arizona 50 –1, 56 Ruidoso, New Mexico 34, 224–5 hotels 245 restaurants 263 Ruidoso Downs Racetrack 34, 224 Russell, C.M. 44 Russell, Kurt 29 RV parks 231

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S Safety 280 –1 backcountry driving 291 Dangers in the Desert 21 Saguaro National Park 86 Sahuarita, Arizona 87 St. Augustine Cathedral (Tucson) 84 St. Francis Cathedral (Santa Fe) 195 Street-by-Street map 193 St. George, Utah 149 hotels 240 restaurants 257 St. Michael’s, Arizona restaurants 259 Salado people 83 Salmon Ruins 173 Salt Lake City, Utah 24 Mormons 136, 137 San Felipe de Neri Church (Albuquerque) 212 San Francisco de Asis (Rancho de Taos) 206 San Francisco Peaks 66, 67, 69 San Ildefonso Pueblo Northern Pueblos tour 202 San Ildefonso Pueblo Feast Day 35 San Juan County Historical Museum (Silverton) 179 San Juan Pueblo Northern Pueblos tour 202 San Juan Skyway 159, 178 San Miguel Mission (Santa Fe) 197 San Xavier del Bac Mission (Tucson) 86, 88 – 9 Sandia Peak Tramway 216 Sangre de Cristo mountains 194, 201, 204 Santa Catalina Mountains 86, 87 Santa Clara Pueblo Northern Pueblos tour 202 Santa Cruz Feast Day (Taos and Cochiti pueblos) 33 Santa Fe, New Mexico 192 –9 climate 34 festivals 33, 35 hotels 243 map 195 Museum of International Folk Art 196 –7 El Rancho de las Golondrinas 189, 198 –9 restaurants 260–1 Street-by-Street map 192–3 Santa Fe Opera 33, 199, 267 Santa Fe Photographic Workshops 273 Santa Fe Railroad 70 Santa Fe School of Cooking 273 Santa Fe Ski Area 199 Santa Fe Southern Railway 199, 289 Santa Fe Trail 25, 42–3, 192, 201 Santuario de Guadalupe (Santa Fe) 194 Scenic Airlines 123, 287 Schiefflin, Ed 92 Scott, Winfield 80 Scottsdale, Arizona 80 hotels 235 restaurants 252–3 Scottsdale Fashion Square 265 Second Mesa Hopi Reservation hotels 241 restaurants 259 Sedona, Arizona 73 Heart of Arizona tour 71

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Sedona (Arizona) (cont.) hotels 233 restaurants 251 Segura, Melquiades 223 Seitz, George B. 28 Seligman, Arizona 50 Senior travelers 278, 279 Service stations 291 Sewell’s Indian Arts (Scottsdale) 265 Shakespeare Sedona 33 Sharp, Joseph Henry 204 Sheplers Western Wear 265 Sheri Griffith Expeditions 273 Shiprock 173 Shopping 264 –5 Las Vegas 124 –5 Showcase Mall (Las Vegas) 102, 109 Showcase Slots 125 Siegel, Bugsy 96, 97 Flamingo Hilton (Las Vegas) 103, 111 Siegfried & Roy 108, 115 Sierra Club 151 Sightseeing trips, Las Vegas 123 Silver City, New Mexico 219 hotels 245 restaurants 263 Silver City Museum 219 Silver Spur Rodeo (Yuma) 35 Silverton, Colorado 179 San Juan Skyway tour 178 Sinagua people 69, 72, 73 Sinatra, Frank 96, 97, 127 Sisters of Loretto 193 Skiing 271, 273 Arizona Snowbowl (Flagstaff) 67 Santa Fe Ski Area 199 Ski Apache (Ruidoso) 224 Taos Ski Valley 206 Telluride 179 Skywest Airlines 287 Slickrock Airguides of Moab 273 Slide Rock State Park 69 Slot machines 128 – 9 Smith, Joseph 136 Smithsonian Institution 273 Smoking 247, 279 Snow Canyon State Park 149 Society for Accessible Travel & Hospitality (SATH) 279 Socorro, New Mexico 35, 218 Soleri, Paolo 23, 81 Sonoran Desert 13, 20 South African consulate 281 South Rim, Grand Canyon 59, 62 – 3 Southeastern Arizona Bird Observatory 273 Southern Arizona Square and Round Dance & Clogging Festival (Tucson) 35 Southwest Airlines 287 Southwest Arts and Crafts Festival (Albuquerque) 35 Spanish Colonial architecture 22 Spanish colonists 24, 38 – 40 Hispanic Culture in New Mexico 188 – 9 Spanish language 14 Spanish Market 33 Specialty stores, Las Vegas 125 Specialty vacations 268 –73 Speed limits 290–1 Spence Hot Springs 200 Spencer Theater for the Performing Arts (Alto) 225 Spielberg, Steven 109

Spires 19 Sports 127, 266 –7 Sports books, casinos 131 Spring in Southwest USA 32 Springdale, Utah hotels 239 restaurants 257 Square Dance Festival 32 Stapp, Dr John P. 187 Star Trek: The Experience (Las Vegas) 116 Stardust (Las Vegas) 105 State parks Anasazi 147 Caballo Lake 218 Coral Pink Sand Dunes 18, 149 Dead Horse Point 29, 143 Edge of Cedars 172 Elephant Butte Lake 218 Goblin Valley 143 Kartchner Caverns 93 Kodachrome Basin 148 Living Desert 227 Lost Dutchman 82 Red Rock 73 Rockhound 219 Slide Rock 69 Snow Canyon 149 Valley of Fire 120 –1 Steinbeck, John 50 Stevenson, Robert Louis 115 Stewart, Helen 96, 119 Stradling, Anne 224 Stratosphere Tower (Las Vegas) 105, 117 The Strip (Las Vegas) 97, 102 –5 hotels 236–8 restaurants 254 – 6 Student travelers 278, 279 Summer in Southwest USA 32 – 3 Sun Tran 289 Sundance Film Festival 29 Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument 69 Sunset Point (Bryce Canyon National Park) 152 Super 8, 231

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T T & C Fiesta (Truth or Consequences) 32 Taliesin West, Arizona 80, 81 Taos, New Mexico 191, 204 – 6 hotels 242 map 205 restaurants 261 Taos Pueblo 32, 33, 206 Taos Art Museum (Taos) 204–5 Taos Ski Valley 206, 273 hotels 242 Taos Society of Artists 77, 204 Taste of Durango (festival) 33 Taxes 230, 264 Taxis, Las Vegas 122 Telephones 284 – 5 Television 285 Telluride, Colorado 179 hotels 241 restaurants 259 San Juan Skyway tour 178 Telluride Ski Area 273 Tempe, Arizona 80 restaurants 253 Temperatures 14

Tesuque, New Mexico hotels 242 Northern Pueblos tour 202 Tewa people 202 Texas hold ’em 131 Theft 280 Theme parks Grand Adventures (Las Vegas) 108 Old Tucson Studios (Tucson) 86 –7 Thomas Cook 283 Thrifty Auto Rental 291 Ticketmaster 127, 267 Time zones 277 Tipping 279 in casinos 128 in Las Vegas 122 in restaurants 246 Titan Missile Museum (Sahuarita) 87 Tohono O’odham people 27 Toledo, Jose Rey 215 Tombaugh, Clyde 66 Tombstone, Arizona 29, 34, 35, 92 hotels 235 restaurants 253 Tombstone Courthouse 92 Tombstone Visitor Center 267 Tonto National Monument 82–3 Torrey, Utah hotels 240 restaurants 258 Tortilla Flat, Arizona 82 Tourist information 276 –7, 279 Tours by car Enchanted Circle 207 Heart of Arizona 71 Northern Pueblos 202 San Juan Skyway 178 Trailview Overlook 62 Trains 44, 288 – 9 Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad 203 Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad 179, 289 Santa Fe Southern Railway 199 Tramway, Sandia Peak 216 Travel 286 –91 air 286 –7 Arizona 48 buses 122, 289 cars 290 –1 The Four Corners 159 insurance 280 Las Vegas 100, 122–3 New Mexico 185 public transit in cities 289 Southern Utah 135 trains 288 – 9 Traveler’s Aid Society 281 Traveler’s checks 280, 282 Treasure Island (Las Vegas) 104, 113 TripReservations.com 123 Tropicana Resort and Casino (Las Vegas) 102, 108 Troup, Bobby 51 Truth or Consequences, New Mexico 34, 218 Tuba City, Arizona 166 restaurants 259 Tubac, Arizona 90 –1 Tubac Festival of the Arts 35 Tubac Presidio State Historic Park 91 Tucson, Arizona 35, 84 – 9 airport 286 hotels 235– 6 map 85, 86

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Tucson, Arizona (cont.) restaurants 253 San Xavier del Bac Mission 88 – 9 Tucson Art District 265 Tucson Museum of Art and Historic Block 84 Tularosa Mogollon people 218 –19 Tumacacori, Arizona 35, 91 restaurants 254 Tunstall, John 225 Turquoise Museum (Albuquerque) 212 Turquoise Trail 216 – 17 Tusayan Ruin 61 Tutankhamun, Pharaoh 106–7 Tuzigoot National Monument 73 Heart of Arizona tour 71 Tyson, Mike 111

U UFOs International UFO Museum and Research Center (Roswell) 227 Roswell Incident 227 UFO Encounter 33 United Airlines 287 United States Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) 273 Universities Northern Arizona University (Flagstaff) 66 University of Arizona (Tucson) 85 University of New Mexico (Albuquerque) 215 University of Arizona Museum of Art (Tucson) 85 University Art Museum (Albuquerque) 215 U.S.D.A. Forest Service 273 Utah 133 – 55 Arches National Park 140 –1 Bryce Canyon National Park 152 – 3 Canyonlands National Park 142 Capitol Reef National Park 146 The Four Corners 158 hotels 238 –40 Lake Powell and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 150 –1 maps 134 –5, 139 Mormons 136 –7 restaurants 256 – 8 weather 276 Zion National Park 154 – 5 Utah Division of Wildlife Resources 273 Utah Shakespeare Festival (Cedar City) 33 Utah Summer Games (Cedar City) 33 Utah Travel Council 279 Utah War (1857) 41 Ute Mountain Tribal Park 172 – 3 Ute people 27

V Valley of Fire State Park 120 –1 Valley of the Gods 172 Valley Metro 289 Vargas, Don Diego de 40, 204 Vegas Point Mall 125 Vegetarian restaurants 247 Venetian (Las Vegas) 104, 114 Verde River Valley 72, 73

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Veronese, Paolo 114 Via Bellagio (Las Vegas) 125 Vial, Pedro 41 Victor Emmanuel’s Nature Tours 273 Victorio, Chief 42 Vietnam Veterans Memorial 207 Vinson, Barney 111 Virgin Atlantic 287 Visa 283 Visas 91, 276 Vista Encantada 63 La Vuelta de Bisbee 33

W Wahweap, Utah hotels 240 restaurants 258 Wahweap Marina 151 Walnut Canyon National Monument 69 Walpi 166–7 Waltz, Jacob 82 Water sports 270, 273 Water supply 45 Waterfalls 147 Wayne, John 28, 87, 200 Weather 14, 34, 276 Las Vegas 122 safety 281 Weatherford, John W. 66 Wetherill, Richard 181 Weddings, Las Vegas 107 Weiser, Jacob 82 Welles, Orson 116 West, Mae 114 Western hotels 231 Western New Mexico University Museum (Silver City) 219 Western Union 283 Westin La Paloma 273 Wheelchair access see Disabled travelers Wheeler Peak 206, 207 Wheelwright, Mary Cabot 197 Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian (Santa Fe) 197 White, Jim 226 White Sands Missile Range 186, 187, 223 White Sands National Monument 185, 219, 223 White’s City, New Mexico hotels 245 Whitewater rafting 270, 273 Whole Enchilada Festival (Las Cruces) 34 Wild West 54 –5 Rodeos and Wild West shows 266, 267 Wildlife 14 American International Rattlesnake Museum (Albuquerque) 211, 213 Birdwatching in the Canyons of Southern Arizona 87 Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge 218 Desert Flora and Fauna 20 –1 Matheson Wetlands Preserve 141 Willcox, Arizona 93 Williams, Andy 111 Williams, Arizona 51, 70 hotels 233–4 restaurants 251

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Williams, Bill 70 Wiminfest 33 Window Rock, Arizona 34, 167 hotels 241 restaurants 259 Winter in Southwest USA 35 Winter sports 271 Wiring money 282 World War II 45 Wotans Throne 61 Wright, Frank Lloyd 23 Scottsdale 22, 80 Taliesin West 81 Wright brothers 87 Wupatki National Monument 69

X Xanterra Parks & Resorts 271

Y Yavapai Point 59, 62 Young, Brigham 136, 137 Brigham Young Winter Home Historic Site 149 St. George 149 Yuma, Arizona 35, 90 Yuma, Lake 90

Z Zemeckis, Robert 28 Zia Pueblo 216 Zion Canyon 154–5 Zion-Mt. Carmel Highway 155 Zion National Park 13, 19, 134, 154 –5 hotels 240 restaurants 258 Zoos MGM Grand Lion Habitat (Las Vegas) 108 Mirage (Las Vegas) 115 Phoenix Zoo 82 Rio Grande Zoological Park (Albuquerque) 213 Zuni people 29 Zuni Pueblo 217

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302

Acknowledgments DORLING KINDERSLEY would like to thank the following people whose contributions and assistance have made the preparation of this book possible.

FACT C HECKING Eileen Bailey, Alan Chan, Jessica Hughes, Marshall Trimble, Barney Vinson

P ROOF R EADER M AIN C ONTRIBUTORS

Sam Merrell

Donna Dailey is a writer and photographer

who has traveled extensively throughout the Southwest and the Rockies. She has written guidebooks to Denver, Los Angeles, the American West, Kenya, Scotland, and Greece. Paul Franklin is a travel writer and

photographer specializing in the United States and Canada. He is the author of several guide books and magazine articles, and is based in Washington. Michelle de Larrabeiti is a writer and editor

who has traveled widely in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Based in London, she has worked on several Dorling Kindersley travel guides. Philip Lee is a veteran travel writer and is the

author of numerous articles and travel books about countries throughout the world. He has traveled widely, particularly in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

F OR D ORLING K INDERSLEY SENIOR REVISIONS EDITOR Esther Labi PUBLISHING MANAGER Jane Ewart SENIOR DESIGNER Marisa Renzullo DIRECTOR OF PUBLISHING Gillian Allan REVISIONS EDITOR Sherry Collins PRODUCTION Marie Ingledew MAP CO-ORDINATORS Casper Morris, Dave Pugh

D ESIGN

AND

E DITORIAL A SSISTANCE

Tessa Bindloss, Zoë Ross, Brett Steel, Rachel Symons, Ros Walford.

I NDEXER Hilary Bird

S PECIAL A SSISTANCE Many thanks for the invaluable help of the following individuals: Margaret Archuleta, Heard Museum; Myram Borders, Las Vegas CVA; Jennifer Franklin; Phoenix CVB; Louann C. Jordan, El Rancho de las Golondrinas; Ken Kraus, Utah Travel Council; Joyce Leonsanders, Albuquerque CVB; Steve Lewis, Santa Fe CVB; Jean McKnight, Tucson CVB; Rekha Parthasarathy, Arizona Office of Tourism; Pat Reck, Indian Pueblo Cultural Center; Gary Romero, New Mexico Department of Tourism; Theresa Valles Jepson, Flagstaff CVB; Charles B. Wahler, Grand Canyon National Park; and all the national park staff in the region.

P HOTOGRAPHY P ERMISSIONS Dorling Kindersley would like to thank all the cathedrals, churches, museums, hotels, restaurants, shops, galleries, national and state parks, and other sights for their assistance and kind permission to photograph at their establishments. Placement Key - t=top; tl=top left; tlc=top left center; tc=top center; trc=top right center; tr=top right; cla=center left above; ca=center above; cra=center right above; cl=center left; c=center; cr=center right; clb=center left below; cb=center below; crb=center right below; bl=bottom left; b=bottom; bc=bottom center; bcl=bottom center left; br=bottom right; d=detail.

A DDITIONAL P HOTOGRAPHY Steve Gorton, Dave King, Andrew McKinney, Neil Mersh, Tim Ridley, Clive Streeter.

C ARTOGRAPHY Ben Bowles, Rob Clynes, Sam Johnston, James Macdonald (Colourmap Scanning Ltd).

Works of art and images have been produced with the permission of the following copyright holders: Albuquerque Museum of Art and History Museum Purchase, 1993 General Obligation Bond Estella Loretto Earth Mother,Offerings for a Good Life (No wa Mu Stio), 1994 212tl;

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Capitol Art Foundation, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Capitol Art Collection Holly Hughes Buffalo 1992 mixed media sculpture 74” x 50” x 25” 199c; courtesy of Kit Carson Historic Museum 13t, 28c/bl, 204t/cl/cr, 206t; courtesy of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation 23b, 81b; Museum of Indian Arts and Cultures/Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, 44857/12 Ceramic Figurine, Cochiti Pueblo ca. 1885 197tr; University of Arizona Fine Arts Oasis Barbara Grygutis Front Row Center 84t. The publishers would like to thank the following individuals, companies, and picture libraries for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs: AFP:Spaceimaging.com 11t; ARIZONA OFFICE OF TOURISM: Chris Coe 50tl; ARIZONA STATE LIBRARY: Archive+Public Records, Archive Division, Phoenix no.99–0281 36; ARIZONA STATE PARKS: K L Day 93t; ASSOCIATED PRESS: 35b, 96b, Roy Dabner 266b; Louisa Gauerke 51tl; Mickey Krakowski 33b; Julia Malakie 45c; Lennox McLendon 17b; Douglas C. Pizac 31t; Susan Sterner 33t; AURA/NOAO/ NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION: 91b. BRIDGEMAN ART LIBRARY: Christie’s London Walter Ufer (1876–1936) The Southwest 8–9; Private Collection/Index Frederic Remington (1861–1909) The Conversation or Dubious Company 1902 54b; Museum of Fine Arts Houston, Texas, USA, Hogg Brothers Collection, Gift of Miss Ima Hogg, Frederic Remington (1861–1909) Aiding a Comrade c.1890 54–5; University of Michigan, Museum of Art, USA Charles Ferdinand Wimar (1829–63) The Attack on the Emigrant Train 1856 42–3. CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT: 103br; CIRQUE DU SOLEIL: photo Véronique Vial costumes Dominique Lemieux 126t; CORBIS: 25t, 38c, 41c, 43tl, 43b, 45t, 95, 97cbr, 136t, 203tr, 229, James L. Amos 172t; Tom Bean 2–3, 153b, 161c, 285b; Patrick Bennett 287b; Bettmann 39c/b, 41t, 42c, 42b, 43tr, 44c, 54cb, 96cl, 97t, 103bl, 136b, 171b, 187tr, 225tl, 227b; D. Boone 95–6; Jan Butchofsky-Houser 26c; W. Cody 1; Richard

303

A. Cooke 38t; Raymond Gehman 153t; Aaron Horowitz 219t; H. H. HneyLiz 215br; Hymans 161t; Dewitt Jones 160t; Wolfgang Kaehler 206b; Catherine Karnow 104br; Danny Lehman 189br; Buddy Mays 279; Joe McDonald 87t; David Muench 20cr, 153cb, 160–1; Richard T Nowitz 286c; Pat O’Hara 52bl; Progressive Image/Bob Rowan 26t; Charles E Rotkin 97cla; Phil Schermeister 32b; Baldwin H Ward + Kathyrn C.Ward 186–7; Patrick Ward 137br; Adam Woolfitt 266c. DIANA DICKER: 27c, 160b; © Mrs. Anna Marie Houser/The Allan Houser Foundation 29t. EFX: 126b; MARY EVANS PICTURE LIBRARY: 42t, 157. PAUL FRANKLIN: 63tr. GOULDING LODGE: 165b; GRAND CANYON CAVERNS: 50br; GRANGER COLLECTION, NEW YORK: 133; RONALD GRANT ARCHIVE: MGM 31br; Paramount Pictures 31cr; Universal Pictures 30br; courtesy GREYHOUND LINES, INC: 289t. ROBERT HARDING PICTURE LIBRARY: Geoff Renner 134c; Nerda Westwater 33c, 189t; Adam Woolfitt 190; HEARD MUSEUM: 79b; 79crb; Fred Harvey Collection 79ca; DAVE G HOUSER: 32c, 223t; Ellen Barone 34; Rankin Harvey 35t; HULTON GETTY COLLECTION: 186b. IMAGE BANK, LONDON: Archive Photos 97b; IMPACT PHOTOS: Jacqui Spector 50bl. JAMES AGENCYY/LIBERACE MUSEUM: 109c; JUBILEE: 126tr. KOBAL COLLECTION, LONDON: Hollywood Pictures/Cinergi 31clb; MGM Cinerama 30ca; MGM/PATHE 30cb; Paramount Pictures 55b; RKO 31cla; United Artists 30bl. LAS VEGAS VISITORS’ NEWS BUREAU: 96cra. MGM GRAND HOTEL: 108c; MUSEUM OF CHURCH HISTORY AND ART, Salt Lake City: American Publishing Co. 137t; © by

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Intellectual Reserve, Inc CCA Christensen Handcart Company 1900 oil on canvas 136–7; MUSEUM OF INTERNATIONAL FOLK ART, A UNIT OF THE MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO: Charles D. Carroll Bequest, Photo Blair Clark Nuestra Señora de los Dolores/Our Lady of Sorrows (A.78.93–1) Arroyo Hondo Carver, New Mexico 1830–50 196b; Girard Foundation Collection, Photo Michel Monteaux Baptism by the Aguilar family, Octolan de Morelos, Oaxaca, Mexico C.1960 196tr, Jaguar Mask Mexico C.1960. 196tl, Toy Horse Bangladesh, Indian.C.1960. 197tl; Neutrogena Collection, Photo Pat Pollard Yogi (Bridal Sleeping Cover) Probably Kyushu Island, Western Japan. 19th century. 196c; courtesy of the MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO: Fray Orci Portrait of Don Juan Bautista de Anza 1774 neg. no. 50828 40br(d).

PRIVATE COLLECTION: 9, 24t, 40c, 47, 183, 275. BRANSON REYNOLDS: 27b, 282b; JOHN RUNNING: 26b, 27t. SANTA FE OPERA: Robert Reck 267b; SCOTTSDALE CVB: Tom Johnson 265; SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY: NASA 187tl/b; STONE: Tom Bean 35c; Paul Chesley 162; Stewart Cohen 97clb; Kerrick James 112–3; Steve Lewis 51tr; Jake Rajs 96crb; Randy Wells 272t. TELEGRAPH COLOUR LIBRARY: F.P.G. (C) T.Yamada 182–3; TUMACACORI NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK: Cal Peters 24b. UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS LIBRARY: Courtesy of Helen J. Stewart Collection 96t. WIGWAM RESORT: 268c.

NASA: 45br, 187c; NHPA: Stephen Dalton 227tl; Rich Kirchner 272b; Stephen Kraseman 21bl; David Middleton 21bcl; Rod Planck 20bl; Andy Rouse 21tl; John Shaw 12, 21cr/br, 90b; courtesy of the NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, CHACO CULTURE NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK: 161b; Dave Six 160cb, 174tl; PETER NEWARK PICTURES: 24c, 25c/b, 37c, 39t, 40t, 43c, 44t/bl, 54ca, 55t, 136c, 137c; NEW MEXICO TOURISM: 32t. GEORGIA O’KEEFFE MUSEUM: Gift of the Burnett Foundation ©ARS, NY and DACS, London. 2001. Georgia O’Keeffe Jimson Weed 1932 194c;

YUMA CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU: ©Robert Herko 1999 90t. Front endpaper: all special photography except ROBERT HARDING PICTURE LIBRARY: Adam Woolfitt br; STONE: Paul Chesley tr. JACKET Front - DK PICTURE LIBRARY: bl; Kim Sayer bc; GETTY IMAGES: Richard Price main image; MEXICO DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM: br. Back DIGITAL VISIONN/ROBERT HARDING PICTURE LIBRARY b; GETTY IMAGES: Jack Dykinga t. Spine GETTY IMAGES: Richard Price.

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CUTAWAYS AND FLOORPLANS OF ALL THE MAJOR SIGHTS •

SCENIC ROUTES AND THEMATIC TOURS ACROSS THE REGION •

WHERE TO EAT, WHERE TO STAY, AND HOW TO GET AROUND

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