STUDY GUIDE The
Red Badge of Courage STEPHEN CRANE
Saddleback E-Book
SADDLEBACK EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING, INC.
STUDY GUIDE The
Red Badge of Courage STEPHEN CRANE
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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Call of the Wild A Christmas Carol Frankenstein The Red Badge of Courage The Scarlet Letter A Tale of T wo Cities Treasure Island
Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc. Cover Art: Black Eagle Productions
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[email protected] Website: www.sdlback.com Copyright © 1999 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher, with the exception below. Pages labeled with the statement Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 are intended for reproduction. Saddleback EducationalPublishing grants to individual purchasers of this book the right to make sufficient copies of reproducible pages for use by all students of a single teacher. This permission is limited to a single teacher, and does not apply to entire schools or school systems.
ISBN 1-56254-271-0 Printed in the United States of America 05 04 03 02 01 00 M 99
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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CONTENTS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Notes to the Teacher............................ 4 Facts About the Author ....................... 5 Facts About the Characters ................. 6 Facts About the Times......................... 6 Chapter Summaries ............................. 7 Answer Key ...................................... 10 Literary Glossary .............................. 12 CHAPTER EXERCISES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Analyzing Characters, Ch. 8..... 29 Words and Meanings, Ch. 9 ..... 30 Sequence of Events, Ch. 9 ........ 31 Words and Meanings, Ch. 10 ... 32 Comprehension Check, Ch. 10 . 33 Words and Meanings, Ch. 11.... 34 Inference, Ch. 11 ...................... 35 Words and Meanings, Ch. 12 ... 36 Comprehension Check, Ch. 12 . 37
Words and Meanings, Ch. 1 ..... 14 Character Study, Ch. 1.............. 15
END-OF-BOOK EXERCISES
Words and Meanings, Ch. 2 ..... 16
25 26 26
Figurative Language, Ch. 2 ...... 17 Words and Meanings, Ch. 3 ..... 18
Book Sequence ......................... 38 Final Exam, Part 1 .................... 39 Final Exam, Part 2 .................... 40
Sequence of Events, Ch. 3 ........ 19 Words and Meanings, Ch. 4 ..... 20
UNIVERSAL EXERCISES
Inference, Ch. 4 ........................ 21
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33
Words and Meanings, Ch. 5 ..... 22 Comprehension Check, Ch. 5 ... 23 Words and Meanings, Ch. 6 ..... 24 Point of View, Ch. 6 ................. 25 Words and Meanings, Ch. 7 ..... 26 Inference, Ch. 7 ........................ 27 Words and Meanings, Ch. 8 ..... 28 3
Beyond the Text ....................... 41 Plot Study ................................. 42 Theme Analysis ........................ 43 Character Study ........................ 44 Vocabulary Study ..................... 45 Glossary Study ......................... 46 Book Review, Part 1 ................. 47 Book Review, Part 2 ................ 48
SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
NOTES TO THE TEACHER THE NOVELS
Saddleback Classics were expressly designed to help students with limited reading ability gain access to some of the world’s greatest literature. While retaining the essence and stylistic “flavor” of the original, each Saddleback Classic has been expertly adapted to a reading level that never exceeds grade 4.0.
reproducible, are designed to be used chapter-by-chapter as the student’s reading of the novel proceeds. At least two exercises are provided for each book chapter. One of the two always focuses on key vocabulary. The other may be a simple comprehension check or present an important literary concept such as character analysis, point of view, inference, or figurative language. A two-page final exam is also included in every Saddleback Classics Study Guide.
A perfect introduction to later, more indepth investigations of the original works, Saddleback Classics utilize a number of strategies to ensure the involvement of reluctant readers: airy, uncomplicated page design, shortened sentences, easy-reading type style, elimination of archaic words and spellings, shortened total book length, and handsome illustrations.
USING THE STUDY GUIDES
Before assigning any of the reproducible exercises, be sure your students each have a personal copy of the Glossary and the Facts About the Author and About the Times. Students will need to be familiar with many of the literary terms in order to complete the worksheets. The Facts About the Author and About the Times lend themselves to any number of writing, art, or research projects you may wish to assign.
THE STUDY GUIDES
The Saddleback Classics Study Guides provide a wealth of reproducible support materials to help students extend the learning experience. Features include critical background notes on both the author and the times, character descriptions, chapter summaries, and eight “universal” exercises—focusing on plot, theme, character, vocabulary, important literary terms, and book report structure. All may be used to follow up the reading of any Saddleback Classic novel.
The title-specific exercises may be used as a springboard for class discussions or role-playing. Alternatively, you may wish to assign some exercises as homework and others as seatwork during the closing minutes of a class period. All exercises in this Guide are designed to accommodate independent study as well as group work. The occasional assignment of study partners or competitive teams often enhances interest and promotes creativity.
In addition to the universal exercises, 26 title-specific exercises are included to review, test, or enrich the student’s grasp of important vocabulary and concepts. These enjoyable worksheets, all
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THE RED BADGE
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FACTS ABOUT THE AUTHOR
STEPHEN CRANE (1871–1900) EARLY LIFE
Crane described The Red Badge of Courage as “a psychological study of fear” as well as a “coming of age” story. Even today, scholars praise this novel for its remarkable realism, especially from an author who had never witnessed a single battle. His insights into the true feelings and fears of soldiers were a new experience to the readers of his time.
Stephen Townley Crane was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1871. His father was a Methodist minister, and his mother wrote and edited articles for a religious newspaper. Stephen was the youngest of 14 children. His father died when he was just 9 years old. EDUCATION
Young Crane spent his high school years attending military school. Then, after one semester at Lafayette College and another semester at Syracuse University, he gave up formal schooling for good. He had already decided on a career as a writer. By the time he left school, he had published articles in two of the major New York newspapers.
OTHER WORKS
Crane’s short story, “The Open Boat,” has been praised as one of the finest in the English language. Other notable stories include “The Blue Hotel” and “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky.” These and other works earned him the admiration of many famous authors. Willa Cather, Joseph Conrad, H. G. Wells, and Henry James were all part of his literary circle.
PROFESSIONAL CAREER
When he was just 22, Crane selfpublished his first book, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Although ignored by the literary world, this realistic story gained the respect of Hamlin Garland and William Dean Howells, two well-known authors of the day.
LATER LIFE
While still a young man, Crane began to suffer serious health problems. In 1897 he settled in England, where his work enjoyed enormous prestige. In the United States, he had tried to enlist in the Navy in order to write about the upcoming SpanishAmerican War. He was rejected, however, because of his failing health. On June 5, 1900, Stephen Crane died of tuberculosis. He was 28 years old.
At that time Crane had already started on the Civil War novel that would make him famous. The Red Badge of Courage was published in 1895. If he had written nothing more in his life, this novel alone would have assured Stephen Crane a permanent place in American literature.
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THE RED BADGE
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FACTS ABOUT THE TIMES more than 20 miles from their homes. Communication was limited to personal correspondence and local newspapers. In the absence of labor-saving devices, most ordinary people’s lives centered on hard work, family, and simple social activities in their own towns.
Stephen Crane was born six years after the American Civil War had ended. At this time, the nation was still struggling with the aftermath of that devastating experience. Some 620,000 lives had been lost from a nation of just 35 million. Nearly one of every five Union soldiers and nearly one of every four Confederate soldiers had died. The great economic cost of the war was still being felt as well.
The young writers of the day were naturalists. For the most part, they were concerned with the effect of environment on character rather than with social issues. Like Stephen Crane, they tried to present a realistic portrayal of life through accurate, unvarnished descriptions of experience.
Life for average Americans was much more isolated then. There were no telephones, televisions, radios, or cars. The electric light had not yet been invented. In their lifetimes, few people traveled
FACTS ABOUT THE CHARACTERS
HENRY FLEMING
MA
A farm boy from New York state, Henry has recently enlisted as a Union soldier. As the story begins, he has yet to face the enemy.
Henry’s mother, a simple farm woman, who tries to discourage her son from enlisting. She is sad and fearful when Henry leaves for camp.
JIM CONKLIN
THE TATTERED SOLDIER
Another young man, called the “tall soldier,” who has no battle experience
A wounded man Henry meets on the road. He tries to befriend Henry but is rebuffed for asking uncomfortable questions.
WILSON
A comrade of Henry and Jim, called the “loud soldier,” who speaks very confidently about how he will perform in battle
THE CHEERFUL SOLDIER
The helpful, friendly soldier who guides Henry from the woods back to his regiment’s camp
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THE RED BADGE
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CHAPTER SUMMARIES CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 3
The story begins one early morning at an encampment of Union soldiers. Jim Conklin, described as “the tall soldier,” tells his tentmates that he has heard their regiment will soon move out for the battle lines. Wilson, described as “the loud soldier,” scoffs at Conklin’s rumor while Henry Fleming, the protagonist of the novel, listens nervously. Thinking back on his boyish enthusiasm for the imagined “glory” of battle, Henry reflects on his mother and their home on the farm. He remembers his mother’s advice not to join the army and her loving farewell. Now, after months of boring drill in camp, Henry is having second thoughts about having enlisted. When his friends admit to no such misgivings, Henry decides to keep his fears to himself.
Under attack by a Rebel charge, Henry suddenly feels a sense of brotherhood with his comrades and begins firing his rifle. He fights automatically, “as if at a task,” as men around him are wounded. As the skirmish ends, he notices the dead men, lying in awkward positions on the ground, and wonders, noticing the sun shining on fields and trees, how nature could “go on about her business” in the midst of such horror. For a moment Henry feels that his “supreme test” has been passed. But then the Rebels attack again. Stunned by this “impossible thing,” Henry and the others again swing into action. In the midst of the smoky, confused battle scene, however, Henry sees some terrified men running toward the rear. Noticing “no shame” on one man’s face, Henry panics and runs off, too. Finding himself in a clearing in the woods, he overhears some mounted officers saying that his regiment had successfully “held ’em back.”
CHAPTER 2
Henry’s uneasiness intensifies as his regiment finally moves out. The sound of gunfire and the sight of a dead soldier inspire panicky thoughts about the incompetence of the Union generals and the certainty that he will be slaughtered. From the top of a ridge the regiment looks down on a smoky, noisy battle scene. Wilson, in a state of panic, entrusts Henry with a packet of letters to give to his folks if he dies. As the regiment comes under fire, the lieutenant is hit in the hand, an event that causes nervous, hysterical laughter among the men. In the midst of the confusion of battle, Henry sees some Union soldiers running off, ignoring their officers’ commands. Henry decides that he may very well do the same.
CHAPTER 4
Hearing that his comrades won the battle, Henry feels angry and resentful. He tries to justify running by thinking of them as fools for not saving themselves. Seeing a squirrel run away from him in the woods, Henry sees flight from danger as natural. Moving through the woods, Henry sees an ant-covered soldier’s corpse and then a group of five dead soldiers; these sights make him feel like an invader on ground “owned” by the dead men. Still in the grips of self-pity and shame, Henry comes to a crowd of wounded men marching down a road. A “tattered man” in the group tries
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bleeding, Henry staggers on. That evening he meets a cheerful soldier who offers to lead him back to his regiment. Henry agrees and is guided to the perimeter of his regiment’s campfire.
to offer Henry friendship, but the man’s innocent questions about how Henry was wounded dismay the youth, so he slips away from the man without a word. CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 7
Moving down the road ahead of the tattered man, Henry is afraid that his guilt and shame are visible. He is envying the wounded their “red badge,” when he notices a familiar, tall soldier just ahead. Henry finds that it is Jim Conklin, who has been gravely wounded. Horrified at Conklin’s condition, Henry tries to help but is shaken off. Just then the tattered soldier runs up and urges Henry to get his friend off the road before he is run down by artillery wagons. It is too late. Conklin’s body begins to shake and then collapses on the road. He is dead. As Henry walks on, the tattered soldier again questions Henry about his wound. Saying a sharp “Goodbye,” Henry leaves the tattered soldier wandering helplessly in a field. He is obsessed with the idea that his cowardice will soon come out in the open.
After being greeted by Wilson, the sentry, Henry is well cared for by both Wilson and the corporal, who believe him when he reports that he’s been shot in the head. The next morning, as Wilson fixes Henry’s breakfast, Henry comments that Wilson is much less loud and boastful than he used to be. He also tells about Jim Conklin’s death. In turn, Wilson tells Henry about yesterday’s battle, that the regiment lost half of its men. CHAPTER 8
Remembering that he still holds Wilson’s packet, Henry decides he can use it against him “as a small weapon” if Wilson starts asking questions. But Henry feels pity for his friend and returns the packet when Wilson asks for it. As the regiment moves out again, Henry feels new confidence and starts complaining about the “lunkhead generals.” Wilson ascribes their lack of victories to bad luck. As the chapter ends, the exhausted soldiers get ready to fend off another Rebel attack.
CHAPTER 6
Seeing a column of soldiers swiftly marching toward the front, Henry becomes certain that he will never be a hero. He alternates between wishing for a Union defeat (when everyone would run) and imagining the jeers he would face if he returned to his regiment. Suddenly he sees a group of terrified men running from the woods. When he tries to stop and question one fleeing soldier, the man strikes Henry in the head with his rifle. Dazed and
CHAPTER 9
Feeling rage, Henry fights furiously in this battle, even continuing to fire when the Rebels have retreated. His comrades look upon him with new respect as the
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lieutenant calls him a “wildcat” and a “war devil.” When Henry and Wilson look for a stream to fill some canteens, they hear officers saying they can “spare” their regiment because the men fight like “mule drivers.” They run back to the line to tell the others that they will soon be making a charge against the enemy. Everyone is fearful. One soldier mutters, “We’re going to get swallowed.”
CHAPTER 11
Satisfied with his performance, Henry overhears a general criticizing the regiment. But the men tell Henry and Wilson that the lieutenant complimented their bravery, saying “They deserve to be major generals.” Henry and Wilson are pleased but immediately have to face another Rebel attack. Many men are wounded as the battle grows fierce. Henry hears the lieutenant that complimented them cursing desperately, “as if using his last box of oaths.”
CHAPTER 10
When the lieutenant urges the reluctant men into battle, Henry “springs to life,” feeling a sudden great love for the Union flag and what it represents. When the color sergeant is hit, Henry grabs the flag and rallies others to avoid retreat as a “march of shame.” As the enemy’s blows weaken, Henry sees many dead soldiers, their bodies twisted into fantastic shapes. Feeling “like men,” the soldiers of the regiment celebrate their victory.
CHAPTER 12
As flag bearer, Henry fights bravely, rallying the men. Wilson takes possession of the Rebel flag, signaling final victory. Retracing their way to join other regiments in the brigade, Henry contemplates both his bravery and his cowardice. He decides that he should feel neither too proud nor too ashamed; that, after all, he is “but a man.” As the chapter concludes, Henry is grateful to be alive.
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THE RED BADGE
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ANSWER KEY 1 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 1
8 INFERENCE: C HAPTER 4
A. 1. no 2. Yankee 3. Rebels 4. South 5. false 6. Confederate 7. shirk B. ACROSS : 1. Union 5. Confederate 8. South 9. Rebels DOWN: 2. North 3. recruits 4. Yankees 6. rumor 7. shirk
Answers should approximate: 1. He thought it was the duty of every man to save himself. He was angry that they had foolishly remained in danger. 2. A squirrel ran away when Henry threw a pinecone at him, proving that fear of danger justified running. 3. He was pitying himself, thinking that his comrades would ridicule him for running away. 4. He thought his part of the battleground was “owned” by the dead men. He felt like an invader. 5. Because the tattered soldier had been wounded; he had not run away as Henry had. 6. Henry felt fearful and angry because he was embarrassed and ashamed about what he had done. 7. Answers will vary.
2 CHARACTER STUDY: C HAPTER 1 A. 1. imaginative, thoughtful, nervous 2. loving, concerned, helpful 3. enthusiastic, confident, loud 4. eager, talkative, excited B. 1. Henry’s mother 2. Henry 3. Jim Conklin 4. Wilson 5. Jim Conklin 6. Henry 7. Henry’s mother 8. Wilson
3 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 2 A. 1. comrades 2. officers 3. lieutenant 4. canteen 5. privates 6. brigade B. ACROSS : 1. regiment 4. canteen 6. lieutenant 7. brigade DOWN: 2. general 3. private 4. captain 5. comrades
9 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 5 A.
4 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: C HAPTER 2 Answers will vary.
5 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 3 A.
P E X H L U S D N N G G R E A D H Z T L E N O L O D R B
A U S T E O A M M O C S H E L R O E Y R M M A E C H S D E L T R
D
D E R E T T A T E
G A S P
C
Y R E T R G T A L U
G A U N T I T U T
H T U O R R S E S D L L R A A B W I L T A R G N
Y M I E R G G A R U O O O C
B. 1. youth 2. artillery 3. battery 4. guilt 5. gaunt 6. grimy 7. gasp 8. coward
L S
10 COMPREHENSION CHECK: C HAPTER 5
S R N O A N R E L A T S
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. b
11 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 6 A. ACROSS : 1. sneers 3. dusk 7. self-respect 9. fled 10. glee DOWN : 2. noble 3. defeat 4. shuffled 5. desire 6. stagger 8. bolt B. 1. c 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. g 6. d 7. i 8. j 9. h 10. f
B. 1. commands 2. shells 3. exhausted 4. shame 5. grazed 6. snarls 7. brotherhood 8. startled 9. plunged 10. enemy 11. horror 12. colonel
12 POINT OF VIEW: C HAPTER 6
6 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS: C HAPTER 3
Answers will vary.
1. 4/splintered 2. 1/startled 3. 9/shame 4. 11/direction 5. 5/charge 6. 6/motionless 7. 3/enemy 8. 12/mounted 9. 2/cause 10. 7/supreme 11. 8/tilted 12. 10/rear
13 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 7 A. 1. examine 2. humbly 3. kindling 4. grub 5. sentry 6. vacant 7. familiar 8. corporal B. ACROSS : 2. examine 4. familiar 6. grub 7. sentry 8. corporal DOWN: 1. kindling 3. vacant 5. humbly
7 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 4 A. 1. jeer 2. underbrush 3. corpse 4. withstood 5. gawked 6. triumphant B. ACROSS : 2. gawked 5. triumphant 7. corpse 8. jeer 9. pity 10. bronze 11. withstood DOWN : 1. brotherly 3. dangle 4. panic 6. underbrush
14 INFERENCE: C HAPTER 7 A. 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. c B. Answers will vary.
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had strong feelings. He felt that the men had fought hard and the general’s remarks were unfair. 5. They were pleased and proud. “They gave each other a secret glance of joy and congratulations... Their hearts swelled with grateful affection for the colonel and lieutenant.” 6. The Rebels would hide behind the fence, using it as protection while they shot at Yankee soldiers.
15 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 8 A. 1. c 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. h 6. f 7. e 8. g B. ACROSS : 1. pride 4. lunkhead 6. dignity 7. stern D OWN: 2. infantry 3. superior 5. thicket
16 ANALYZING CHARACTERS: C HAPTER 8 1. clever, defensive 2. terrified, vulnerable 3. prideful, confident 4. relieved, justified 5. resentful, scornful 6. accepting, undisturbed 7. doomed, frightened
23 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 12 A.
A. ACROSS : 2. ramrod 4. foe 6. cartridges 8. awe D OWN: 1. troops 3. mule drivers 5. engrossed 7. saluted B. 1. engrossed 2. ramrod 3. awe 4. troops 5. saluted 6. foe
18 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS: C HAPTER 9 A. 1. 6/frightened 2. 1/rifle 3. 7/swallowed 4. 5/stream 5. 3/wildcats 6. 2/quit 7. 4/war devil B. 1. before 2. after 3. after 4. before 5. after
A. 1. jostled 2. color sergeant 3. agony 4. grim 5. lunged 6. glared B. ACROSS : 3. jostled 5. blur 7. grim 8. glared DOWN: 1. agony 2. color sergeant 4. dazed 6. lunged
P
L E Y
A. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F B. Answers should approximate: 1. They were in a frenzy, shouting and cheering. 2. Union or Yankee soldiers 3. the Rebel flag 4. the face of the Rebel flag bearer 5. the Rebel flag
25 BOOK SEQUENCE 1. 7/tattered 2. 2/admits 3. 10/Henry 4. 1/Wilson 5. 6/Conklin 6. 3/regiment 7. 5/battlefield 8. 11/overhear 9. 4/loading 10. 8/soldier 11. 12/captures 12. 14/man 13. 9/blankets 14. 13/guilty
26 FINAL EXAM, P ART 1 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. d 7. b 8. c
22 INFERENCE: C HAPTER 11 Answers should approximate: 1. They had just fought a fierce battle. 2. They felt insulted. They didn’t like him. 3. He did not agree. His reaction to the general was cool and calm. 4. Yes, he
G N I H T I R W
24 COMPREHENSION CHECK: C HAPTER 12
21 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 11 A. 1. c 2. e 3. f 4. g 5. b 6. h 7. i 8. d 9. a B. ACROSS : 2. range 5. unnatural 7. role 8. glance 9. relief 10. drama DOWN: 1. performance 3. amazement 4. jumpy 6. threatened
B O R N C P D O R E L A N U I R M S F G N E I N C G E N O I S S A
B. 1. writhing 2. deserted 3. sacrifices 4. gored 5. urging 6. praise 7. volley 8. nestled 9. stubborn 10. determined 11. passion 12. column
20 COMPREHENSION CHECK: C HAPTER 10 A. 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a B. 1. unknown 2. dropped 3. swear 4. flag 5. fingers 6. retreat
S T U B A R C D E R E D T N M R E R E S E S T E E L D E D V O L O
17 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 9
19 WORDS AND MEANINGS: C HAPTER 10
G
26 FINAL EXAM, P ART 2 Answers will vary.
27–33 Answers will vary.
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SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
LITERARY GLOSSARY effect in literature, an impression created by the writer
action what happens in a story; the acts or events that take place
Murder mysteries often create a suspenseful, chilling effect.
The war story was full of battle action.
author the writer of a book, story, article, etc.
event a specific occurrence; something that happens
Ernest Hemingway was an American author.
A plane crash is the first event in that adventure novel.
author’s purpose the author’s specific goal or reason for writing a certain book
fiction a literary work in which the plot and characters are the products of the author’s imagination
In that novel, the author’s purpose was to make readers laugh.
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a popular work of fiction.
character a fictional person who plays a part in a story or novel
imagery figures of speech that help the reader to visualize the characters or setting; pictures in words
Long John Silver is an important character in Treasure Island.
classic excellent artwork, novel, painting, symphony, etc. that remains popular over many years
In Stephen Crane’s imagery, the color of blood suggests courage.
introduction a short reading that presents and explains a novel; sometimes the first part of a novel that sets the scene
Norman Mailer’s The Naked and the Dead has become an American classic
climax the outcome of the novel’s main conflict
The introduction to Frankenstein is in the form of a letter.
The capture of the criminal was the climax of the detective story.
mood the overall feeling or atmosphere the author creates in a story or novel
conflict The struggle between characters or forces at the center of the story
The author’s skillful use of language created a dismal, hopeless mood.
The conflict was resolved when the suspect confessed.
moral the instructive point of a story or novel; the lesson to be drawn by the reader
description the parts of a story or novel that tell about the appearance of the setting or characters
The moral of the story is to choose your friends carefully.
His description of the Alps was breathtaking.
motive the driving force, either internal or external, that makes a character do something
dialogue words spoken by the characters in a novel, story, or play
What was the character’s motive for lying?
The dialogue in that comedy is very witty and amusing.
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sequence the order in which story events take place
narrator, narration the character who tells the story in his or her own words; the telling of a story’s events
To solve the crime, the detective must determine the exact sequence of events.
Jim Hawkins is both the narrator of and a character in Treasure Island.
setting where and when a story happens; the location and time
novel a long form of fictional literature with a complex plot
The setting of A Christmas Carol is London in the mid-1800s.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the greatest American novels.
style the special way a writer uses language to express both literary form and his or her own life experience
pace the speed at which a story or novel develops and moves along
Ernest Hemingway’s style is famous for his use of short sentences and easy-to-understand words.
The pace of the rescue scene was very fast and exciting.
passage a section of a written work; may include just one line or several paragraphs
symbol a person or thing that stands for, or represents, something else In Hawthorne’s famous novel, the scarlet letter is a symbol for adultery.
My favorite passage described the character’s childhood.
plot the chain of events in a story that leads to its outcome
theme the central meaning of a story, play, or novel; the main idea, the point
The war novel’s plot is packed with action.
Ambition and revenge are common themes in Shakespeare’s plays.
point of view the mental position from which a character sees the events of the story unfold
tone the feeling given by the author’s voice; the attitude expressed by the author’s use of language
The character’s great wealth influenced his point of view about the poor.
Is the tone of her dialogue humorous or formal?
quotation a passage quoted; the exact words spoken by a character; the words set off between quotation marks
voice the author’s unique way of telling a story; a combination of personality and use of literary tools; the quality that sets one writer apart from other writers
“It was a season of hope. It was a season of despair,” is a famous quotation from A Tale of Two Cities.
Mark Twain’s colorful voice is not hard to recognize.
realism the author’s emphasis on showing life as it really is, not romanticized or idealized Stephen Crane used great realism in describing the sights and sounds of battle.
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THE RED BADGE
OF
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Chapter
1
1
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
Circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. If you need help, check Chapter 1. 1. The other recruits Henry meets on the train have ( some / no ) experience in the army. 2. ( Yankee / Confederate ) soldiers came from states such as Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts. 3. Jim heard that their regiment planned to catch the ( Rebels / North ) from behind. 4. Soldiers from states such as Alabama, Mississippi, and Virginia fought for the ( South / West ). 5. The rumor Jim passed on turned out to be ( true / false ). 6. In town, church bells rang out to celebrate a victory over the ( Confederate / Union ) army. 7. Henry’s mother told him not to ( sneer / shirk ) his duty.
B.
Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle. ACROSS
1. Soldiers from the ____ Army wore blue uniforms. 5. Soldiers from the ____ Army wore gray uniforms. 8. Confederate soldiers fought for the ____. 9. Nickname for Confederate soldiers
1 3
2
I
N
4
E 5
N
T
U 6
R
8
S
7
H
DOWN
2. Yankee soldiers fought for the ____.
O
9
B
S
3. Recently enlisted soldiers 4. Nickname for Union soldiers 6. Story, which may or may not be true, passed on as news 7. To ____ a responsibility is to fail to take care of it. 14
Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
2
1
CHARACTER STUDY NAME
A.
DATE
Circle three words that describe each character. 1. Henry Fleming imaginative
daring
wealthy
thoughtful
amusing
confident
nervous
noisy
loving furious
confused ambitious
triumphant helpful
heroic
wild
enthusiastic
embarrassed
confident
timid
loud
humble
talkative excited
unsure unfriendly
mysterious disobedient
2. Henry’s mother conceited concerned 3. Wilson
4. Jim Conklin eager violent
B.
Who said what? Write one of the four characters’ names next to each line of dialogue. 1. ________________________ “Don’t think you can lick the whole Rebel army by yourself!” 2. ________________________ “Think any of the boys will run?” 3. ________________________ “Pretty soon you’ll find out I was right.” 4. ________________________ “The man that bets on my running will lose his money.” 5. ________________________ “The cavalry already left this morning.” 6. ________________________ “You’re going to be a real hero, I suppose.” 7. ________________________ “Be careful of the company you keep.” 8. ________________________ “I suppose I’ll do as well as the rest.”
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15
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
3
2
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
Help! Someone put the key vocabulary words in the wrong sentences. Use context clues to help you decide where each word belongs. Then rewrite the sentences correctly on the back of this sheet. 1. Henry’s closest canteens in the army were Wilson and Jim Conklin. 2. During a battle, two mounted privates screamed orders at the men. 3. The captain of the company bound up the wound on the hand of the brigade. 4. As he ran, Henry’s comrades bounced against his leg. 5. Just like Henry, Wilson and Jim were officers in the army. 6. The lieutenant built a low wall of stones, sticks, and earth in the forest.
B.
Use the clues to solve the crossword puzzle. If you need help, check Chapter 2. ACROSS
1. Henry’s was the 304th, New York 4. soldier’s water container 6. officer just below captain 7. unit of soldiers made up of many regiments
1
2
G
T
4
C
N
3
P 5
P
C
DOWN
2. highest army officer 3. lowest enlisted rank 4. officer rank between lieutenant and major 5. friendly term for fellow soldiers
16
6
L
A 7
B
T
E
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
4
2
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE NAME
DATE
Authors use figurative language to make their descriptions more colorful and dramatic. Read the boldfaced figurative expressions from Chapter 2. Then rewrite the sentences using literal language to explain the author’s meaning. 1. The insects of the night sang solemnly. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Henry saw that his manhood was about to be measured. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Enclosed by the regiment, Henry was in a moving box. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Wilson gave Henry a look as from the tomb. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Henry feared that the enemy would soon swallow them all. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. The noise of gunfire was like the roar of an oncoming train. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. The soles of the dead man’s shoes were as thin as writing paper. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8. Betraying the soldier, fate showed his enemies the poverty which in life he had hidden from his friends. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
17
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
5
3
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
B.
DATE
Circle the hidden words in the puzzle. They may go across, up, down, or diagonally. Check off each word as you find it. ___ GRAZED
___ BROTHERHOOD
___ SHAME
___ EXHAUSTED
___ SHELLS
___ COMMANDS
___ SNARLS
___ STARTLED
___ HORROR
___ COLONEL
___ ENEMY
___ PLUNGED
L N P R G R A Z E D B
P L U N G E D H N R J
E Q S M Y C A C O E G
X K D S W P V T L B N
H G N H G P H C O S G
A P A M B E V W C Z D
U X M S R U M O P S E
S G M H D Y F A L P L
T B O E O W M Y H U T
E O C L A R Q E Y S R
D P S L L K R C N R A
N J I S M X U O C E T
Z V P U S S N A R L S
Write a word from the puzzle under each clue. If you need help, check Chapter 3. 1. an officer’s orders __________________________ 2. bullet casings __________________________ 3. very weary; worn out __________________________ 4. guilty embarrassment __________________________ 5. scraped, not punctured __________________________ 6. fierce, low growls __________________________
18
S U W Y B D F I L K M
7. male sense of togetherness __________________________ 8. suddenly surprised or frightened __________________________ 9. rushed ahead forcefully __________________________ 10. those fighting against you __________________________ 11. great fear and disgust __________________________ 12. a military officer’s rank __________________________
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
6
3
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS NAME
DATE
Complete each sentence with a vocabulary word from the box. Then number the events to show which happened first, second, and so on. charge
enemy
mounted
tilted
splintered
direction
startled
shame
supreme
rear
motionless
cause
_____
1. A man near Henry had his knee ____________________ by a ball.
_____
2. Henry was ____________________ by the thought that his gun might not be loaded.
_____
3. One man, with no ____________________ on his face, ran like a rabbit.
_____
4. Plunging ahead, Henry lost his sense of ____________________.
_____
5. Henry saw that the enemy’s ____________________ had been beaten back.
_____
6. Henry saw ____________________ forms lying on the ground.
_____
7. Henry wished he could wipe out the ____________________ with a single blow.
_____
8. Henry saw a general on horseback surrounded by other ____________________ officers.
_____
9. Henry’s sense of brotherhood was much stronger than his feeling for the Union ____________________.
_____
10. Henry thought he had passed the ____________________ test.
_____
11. Again, Henry saw the ____________________ Rebel flag speeding forward.
_____
12. Henry sped toward the ____________________ in great leaps.
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19
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
7
4
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
In each sentence, write a synonym (word with the same meaning) for the boldfaced word or words. Choose from the vocabulary words in the box. withstood
triumphant
underbrush
1. When he returned to camp, Henry was afraid the men would make fun of (__________________) at him. 2. Giving a shriek, Henry ran off through the bushes and trees (__________________________). 3. The eyes of the dead man (________________) were the dull color of a dead fish.
B.
gawked
corpse
4. Knowing that his comrades had endured (___________________) the attack made Henry feel bitter and angry. 5. Before going on, Henry stared (__________________) at the raging battle. 6. Thinking that nature backed up his arguments made Henry feel victorious (_________________).
Use the clues to solve the crossword puzzle. If you need help, check Chapter 4. ACROSS
jeer
1
B
2
4
P 2. From the forest, Henry ____ in the direction of the fight. 5. Henry felt ____ when the squirrel ran off chattering. 7 7. The ____ wore a uniform that C had once been blue. 9 8. Henry feared that his comrades P would ____ at him. 9. Henry began to ____ himself. 10. As the sun sank, slanted ____ rays struck the forest. 11. The blue line had ____ the enemy’s blows.
3
G O
5
D
6
T
U
N G 8
R
Y
J
10
B
E
B R
Z
11
W
S
D
DOWN
1. The tattered man spoke in a ____ tone. 3. The wound made the man’s arm ____ like a broken tree branch. 20
4. Henry felt instant ____ at the tattered man’s question. 6. Henry fled from the corpse and ran through the ____.
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
8
4
INFERENCE NAME
DATE
Answer the questions in complete sentences. Look back at Chapter 4 if you need help. 1. How did Henry think “it could be proved that his comrades had been fools”? Why did he feel this way? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What happened to make Henry feel that Nature was in agreement with him—that she “backed up his arguments”? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did Henry want to “bury himself” in the thick woods? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did Henry think the dead soldiers “might rise up and tell him to be gone”? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Why did Henry want to get away from the tattered soldier? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. How did Henry feel about the tattered soldier’s questions? Why did he feel that way? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. Do you think Henry was right to ignore the tattered soldier’s questions? If you were Henry, what would you have done? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
21
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
9
5
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
Circle the hidden words in the puzzle. They may go across, up, down, or diagonally. Check off each word asyou find it. ___ YOUTH
___ ARTILLERY
___ GRIMY
___ CURSES
___ COURAGE ___ TATTERED
B.
___ BATTERY
___ GUILT
___ COWARD
___ GAUNT
___ GASP
___ CONGRATULATE
D E R E T T A T E
G A S P G R Y Z T
T L B N P E R H A
E Q S M Y C E R L
X K C S W P T G U
G A U N T I T U T
H P R D L E A I A
T X S L R U B L R
U G E H D A F T G
O R S E O W W D N
Y M I R G R Q O O
D P E G A R U O C
Use a word from the puzzle to complete each sentence. If you need help, check Chapter 5. 1. The ________________ stammered and stuttered, “Oh, Jim!” 2. Jim was afraid the ____________________ wagons would roll over him. 3. “A _____________________ is coming down the road fast,” the tattered soldier warned. 4. Henry feared his ______________ and shame could be seen by all. 5. The youth gazed upon his friend’s ______________ face. 6. Henry looked with envy at the _____________, wounded soldiers. 7. Jim’s chest began to heave, and he let out a deep ____________. 8. Henry didn’t want his friends to know that he had been a ________________.
22
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
10
5
COMPREHENSION CHECK NAME
DATE
Circle a letter to show how each sentence should be completed. 1. The tattered soldier’s question made Henry feel that a. his guilt and shame could be seen by all. b. no one had the right to be so rude. 2. The tall soldier was afraid that he would a. not find the special place he was looking for. b. be run over by an artillery wagon. 3. When Jim’s bloody jacket fell away, Henry saw a. the tall soldier swing forward like a falling tree. b. that his side looked as if it had been chewed by wolves. 4. When he looked at the procession of wounded soldiers, Henry wished that a. he, too, had a wound. b. Jim would get off the road. 5. Just after Jim died, the tattered soldier said, a. “Well, there’s no use in our staying here.” b. “Why, partner—where are you going?” 6. Turning to look back as he walked away, Henry saw a. Jim Conklin limping along stiffly. b. the tattered man wandering helplessly.
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23
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
11
6
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle. If you need help, check Chapter 6. 1
S
ACROSS
1. Henry thought his comrades would question him with ____ and laughter. 3. As the sun sank, the ____ deepened. 7. Heroes could sleep with perfect ____. (hyphenated word)
3
D
4
S
S
5
6
D
F
R
O
F 7
2
S
–
E S 8
B
9
9. Henry said he ____ early because of good judgment.
F
D
10
G
G
E
10. The cheery soldier began to chuckle with ____. DOWN
3. In a ____, many brave men might desert.
5. Henry never lost his ____ for victory. 6. Henry stood up and started to ____ forward.
4. Like an old man, Henry’s feet ____ along the ground.
8. A ____ of lightning seemed to explode in Henry’s head.
2. Haste to reach the battle was more ____ than actually fighting.
B.
Write a letter to match each word with its definition. 1. ____ noble
a. joyful, delighted feeling
2. ____ glee
b. walked with dragging feet
3. ____ fled
c. showing good character
4. ____ shuffled
d. sense of one’s own worthiness
5. ____ dusk
e. ran away
6. ____ self-respect
f. a bright flash in a storm
7. ____ stagger
g. early evening, twilight
8. ____ desire
h. a loss or getting beaten
9. ____ defeat
i. swaying, unsteady walk
10. ____ bolt 24
j. to want very much
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
12
6
POINT OF VIEW NAME
DATE
No two people see the same thing in exactly the same way. Our thoughts and feelings are different. Our motivations and expectations are different. The special way someone looks at things is called his or her point of view .
Explain the character’s point of view about each of the following situations. Look back at Chapter 6 if you need help. 1. A column of soldiers came marching swiftly toward the battle. a. What did Henry think about those soldiers? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ b. How did the sight of those soldiers make Henry feel about himself? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ c. Imagine the point of view of the marching soldiers. What might have been their thoughts and feelings? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. The cheerful soldier led Henry through the forest until they reached his regiment. a. When he first saw Henry on the road, what were the cheerful soldier’s thoughts and feelings? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ b. What thoughts did Henry probably have when he was left near his regiment? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ c. If you were Henry, what thoughts and feelings might you have had? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
25
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
13
7
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
Circle a word to correctly complete each sentence. 1. To inspect or look at something closely is to ( examine / excavate ) it. 2. To do something ( bluntly / humbly ) is to do it simply, modestly, without false pride. 3. Dry sticks used to start a fire are called ( kindling / kinfolks ). 4. Someone who asks for ( gruff / grub ) is probably hungry. 5. A ( servant / sentry ) is a soldier who stands guard. 6. A ( vacant / valiant ) mind is empty of thought or interest. 7. If a place seems ( fantastic / familiar ), you have probably been there before. 8. A ( captain / corporal ) said he thought Henry was dead.
B.
Use the clues to solve the crossword puzzle. If you need help, check Chapter 7. 1
ACROSS
2
2. The corporal began to ____ Henry’s head wound.
X 3
4. Near the campfire, Henry heard a ____ voice.
V
4
R 5
6. Wilson thought some ____ would fix Henry up. 7. “Halt!” the ____ cried out. 8. The ____ said Henry’s head had been grazed by a ball.
K
6 7
S
H
G
T 8
C
P
DOWN
1. Wilson gathered ____ to make a fire. 3. Henry had a ____ look in his eyes. 5. No longer boastful, Wilson stared ____ at the fire. 26
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
14
7
INFERENCE NAME
A.
DATE
Read the boldfaced sentences from Chapter 7. Circle a letter to show the implied (suggested but not stated) meaning of each sentence. 1. Walking slowly toward the campfire, Henry could barely stand on his feet. a. The ground was too hot to touch. b. Henry was very, very tired. c. Henry’s feet were bare and cold. 2. “Hold on a minute!” Henry cried. “What are you going to sleep in?” a. Wilson had given Henry his blankets. b. Wilson had given Henry his pajamas. c. Wilson didn’t need to sleep. 3. Henry’s head felt as big as a melon. a. His head had swollen to twice its size. b. His head now weighed thirty pounds. c. His head felt puffed up and sore. 4. Wilson said, “I guess I was a pretty big fool in those days.” a. Wilson had graduated from high school. b. Wilson had learned not to brag and boast. c. Wilson now knew more than the generals. 5. Wilson said, “Some of the men were fighting with other regiments—just like you.” a. Wilson had seen Henry fighting. b. Wilson felt sorry for Henry. c. Wilson believed Henry’s story.
B.
Suppose Wilson had not believed Henry’s story. Do you think he would have made fun of Henry? If you were Wilson, what would you have done? Why? Answer in complete sentences. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
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27
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
15
8
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
B.
DATE
Write a letter to match each vocabulary word on the left with its meaning on the right. 1. ____ dignity
a. a clump of brush and small trees
2. ____ stern
b. serious, harsh, not joking
3. ____ infantry
c. worthy of honor and respect
4. ____ thicket
d. foot soldiers, not horsemen
5. ____ superior
e. a foolish, stupid person
6. ____ pride
f. high opinion of oneself
7. ____ lunkhead
g. dim, dark
8. ____ gloomy
h. better than others, above average
Use the clues to solve the crossword puzzle. If you need help, check Chapter 8. ACROSS
1. Wilson’s moment of fear restored Henry’s ____ in himself.
1
3
4. “The general is a ____!” Henry cried.
5
6
D
7
S
I
K
6. Henry convinced himself that he had fled with ____. 7. Wilson’s voice was ____ when he said, “No man can dare say we don’t fight like the devil!”
2
S
4
DOWN
P
T
I
R
K
2. The regiment formed a line facing the enemy ____. 3. Henry felt ____ to his friend, Wilson. 5. A single rifle flashed from a ____ in front of the regiment.
28
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
16
8
ANALYZING CHARACTERS NAME
DATE
Read the sentences from Chapter 8. Then circle two words that describe the character or characters in the situation described. 1. Henry saw how easily he could be hurt by Wilson’s questioning. The packet would be a small weapon to use at the first sign of a cross-examination. innocent
clever
exhausted
defensive
2. In a weak hour, Wilson had spoken with sobs of his own death. courageous
boastful
terrified
vulnerable
3. Henry felt superior to his friend. prideful
cowardly
angry
confident
4. Henry felt that his own mistakes lay hidden in the dark. relieved
honest
unhappy
justified
5. “We’re always being chased around like rats!” Henry cried. “Nobody seems to know where we go or why we go.” confused
resentful
shameful
scornful
6. “It will turn out all right in the end,” Wilson cut in with a calm voice. uncaring
accepting
suspicious
undisturbed
7. The men of the regiment rolled their eyes toward the advancing battle. Some shrank and flinched. As if in a trance, they stood like men tied to stakes. doomed
eager
frightened
agreeable
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29
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
17
9
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
Use the clues to solve the crossword puzzle. If you need help, check Chapter 9. ACROSS
1
2. a metal stick used to push bullets into a rifle
T
4. an old-fashioned name for the enemy 2
6. tubes that hold gunpowder and bullets
3
R
4
F
5
E
O
U
8. sense of absolute amazement and wonder DOWN
1. another name for soldiers 3. insulting nickname for soldiers in Henry’s regiment (two words)
G 6
C
7
R
L S
V 8
5. to be completely involved in something
W
7. raised hand to forehead in respectful greeting
B.
Use a vocabulary word from the crossword puzzle to complete each sentence. 1. Henry was so __________________ that he was not aware of a lull in the fighting. 2. Henry pounded cartridges with his clanking, bending __________________. 3. Some of the men were staring at the youth in ____________. 4. “What ________________ can you spare?” the general asked the other officer. 5. At the general’s command, the officer _________________, wheeled around on his horse, and started off. 6. The youth charged forward, like a dog chasing a retreating ____________.
30
S
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E
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
18
9
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS NAME
A.
DATE
Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Then number the events to show which happened first, second, and so on. swallowed
war devil
rifle
quit
stream
wildcats
frightened
______ 1. With ____________________ faces, Henry and Wilson hurried back to the line. ______ 2. Henry did not know he was standing on his feet and firing his ____________________. ______ 3. A shaggy soldier whispered, “We’ll get ____________________.” ______ 4. They made a quick search for the ____________________ but could not find it. ______ 5. “I wish I had 10,000 ____________________ like you!” the lieutenant crowed. ______ 6. Someone cried, “Don’t you know enough to ___________________ when there isn’t anything to shoot at?” ______ 7. Now the other soldiers looked upon Henry as a ___________ ________________ .
B.
Circle before or after to correctly complete each sentence. 1. The enemy fell back ( before / after ) the Yankees’ fierce charge. 2. Henry and Wilson overheard the officers talking ( before / after ) they looked for a stream. 3. Jimmie Rogers screamed out for water ( before / after ) he was badly wounded. 4. The general said he needed troops to charge ( before / after ) the lieutenant complimented Henry. 5. The general and his staff rode into the clearing ( before / after ) Henry noticed that the enemy had disappeared.
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31
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
19
10
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
Use a vocabulary word from the box to complete each sentence. grim
agony
color sergeant
jostled
glared
lunged
1. As the line started to move forward, Henry was __________________ for a moment. 2. The ____________ __________________’s dead fingers clutched at the flagpole. 3. Many wounded men suffered terrible ________________. 4. The soldiers felt new trust in the __________________ weapons in their hands. 5. Springing to life, Wilson ___________________ forward and dropped to his knees. 6. Feeling betrayed, the men ________________ at the officers.
B.
Use the clues to solve the crossword puzzle. If you need help, check Chapter 10. ACROSS
2
1
C
3. to be shoved or pushed in a rough way 5. movement so rapid that it seems confused and unclear
3
4
J
Y
7. describes something savage or frightful
Z S
8. stared angrily DOWN
5
B
6 7
1. extreme pain in body or mind 2. soldier who carries a regiment’s flag (two words)
G
8
G
4. stunned or confused by a shock or blow 6. moved forward abruptly 32
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
20
10
COMPREHENSION CHECK NAME
A.
DATE
Circle a letter to show the correct ending for each sentence from the story. 1. Henry ran toward a distant clump of trees a. as toward a goal.
b. to find a hiding place.
2. The regiment pressed forward, a. the men running in a frenzy.
b. the men pausing in silence.
3. The youth had a vague belief that he a. had been badly wounded.
b. had run for miles.
4. The voice of the lieutenant rose above a. the roar of gunfire.
B.
b. the brown and gray tree trunks.
Write the word from the box that best completes each sentence. swear
unknown
flag
fingers
retreat
dropped
1. In a way, Henry felt he was now in some new and __________________ land. 2. Springing to life, Wilson lunged forward and ___________________ to his knees. 3. The lieutenant began to yell and ____________________ at the men. 4. Henry felt that the ____________________ could be a saver of lives. 5. The color sergeant’s dead ____________________ held fast to the flagpole. 6. To Henry, the _____________________ of the mule drivers was a march of shame.
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33
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
21
11
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
DATE
Write a letter to match each vocabulary word on the left with its meaning on the right. 1. ____ performance 2. ____ drama 3. ____ jumpy 4. ____ unnatural 5. ____ amazement 6. ____ relief 7. ____ range 8. ____ threatened 9. ____ glance
B.
a. to take a quick look at b. great surprise or wonder c. the act of doing something or playing a part in a play d. signaled that something dangerous may happen e. series of exciting events, as in a play f. feeling nervous and twitchy g. not normal h. a lessening of worry, pain, or discomfort i. distance within which a shot may be fired accurately
Use the clues to solve the crossword puzzle. If you need help, check chapter 11. ACROSS
2. The line of Rebel soldiers came within dangerous ____. 5. The fallen bodies were twisted in ____ shapes. 7. Henry forgot that the flag gave him a ____ to play. 8. Henry and Wilson gave each other a secret ____ of joy. 9. When the firing stopped, they drew a long breath of ____. 10. Watching, Henry saw the fighting as a great ____. DOWN
1. 3. 4. 6. 34
1 2
R
3
4
R
5
6
U
T
7
O M
8
A N
9
L
10
M
Henry was very satisfied with his ____ in battle. Thinking about the charge, Henry was struck with ____. After fighting, some men seemed ____ and nervous. The soldiers felt free when no more firing ____ them. Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
22
11
INFERENCE NAME
DATE
Answer the questions in complete sentences. 1. On page 70 the men are described as “choking with dust and red from perspiration.” Why were they like this? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. How did the men feel about the general who had called them “mule drivers”? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Did the colonel agree with what the general told him? Describe his reaction. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Did the lieutenant have strong feelings about what the general said? What were those feelings? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. How did Henry and Wilson feel about the colonel’s remarks about them? What words on page 72 make their feelings clear? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. Why was Henry alarmed to see a line of Rebels running toward a wandering fence? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
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35
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
23
12
WORDS AND MEANINGS NAME
A.
B.
36
DATE
Circle the hidden words in the puzzle. They may go across, up, down, or diagonally. Check off each word as you find it. ___ URGING
___ SACRIFICES
___ GORED
___ DETERMINED
___ VOLLEY
___ STUBBORN
___ NESTLED
___ COLUMN
___ DESERTED
___ WRITHING
___ PASSION
___ PRAISE
G U D D E T R E S E D M
L O P R G R A Z E E B B
S L R N N N E S T L E D
T A S E Y C E E O E G V
U K C S D R R T L B N O
B G N R M M H C O S G L
B P R A I S E W G Z D L
O X N N R F M N P N E E
R G E H D Y I A L O K Y
N D O E O G M C H I T M
E O C L R R Q E E S R F
C O L U M N R C N S A P
N J I S M X U O C A M A
G N I H T I R W R P S Y
Write a vocabulary word from the puzzle under each clue. 1. twisting and turning in pain __________________________
7. shots made by many guns at once __________________________
2. ran away from one’s duty
8. settled down in a snug way
__________________________
__________________________
3. something given up for the sake of something else __________________________
9. set in one’s own way; not willing to give in __________________________
4. to be stabbed by something pointed, like a horn or tusk __________________________
10. having your mind firmly set to do something __________________________
5. recommending or encouraging strongly __________________________
11. strong, overpowering emotion __________________________
6. to say good things about someone or something __________________________
12. a line of soldiers, standing one behind another __________________________
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
24
12
COMPREHENSION CHECK NAME
A.
DATE
Write T or F to show whether each statement below is true or false. 1. ____ At the shouted words of command, the soldiers retreated in great leaps. 2. ____ Henry shrieked mad calls, urging the men on. 3. ____ The men in gray seemed to be in a state of frenzy, shouting and cheering. 4. ____ One part of the Yankee line was held by a grim and stubborn group. 5. ____ The look of death was on the face of the Rebel flag bearer. 6. ____ With a mad cry, Jim Conklin wrenched the Rebel flag free.
B.
Write one or more words to answer each question. 1. What made Henry run faster and feel “capable of great sacrifices, a tremendous death”? _______________________________________________________________ 2. Soldiers on which side were part of the “advancing blue wave”? _______________________________________________________________ 3. What possession would be “high pride” for Henry? _______________________________________________________________ 4. On whose face were “the dark and hard lines of desperate purpose”? _______________________________________________________________ 5. What “treasure” was Wilson holding when the battle was finally over? _______________________________________________________________
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37
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
25
#
BOOK SEQUENCE NAME
DATE
Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Then number the events to show which happened first, second, and so on. battlefield
tattered
Conklin
Wilson
Henry
man
guilty
blankets
overhear
admits
captures
regiment
loading
soldier
_____
1. Henry leaves the ____________________ soldier to wander about helplessly.
_____
2. Conklin ____________________ he might run if the other men do.
_____
3. The lieutenant calls ____________________ a “war devil.”
_____
4. ____________________ argues loudly about the rumor the tall soldier heard.
_____
5. Finding that his friend ____________________ is badly wounded, Henry tries to help.
_____
6. For the first time, Henry’s ____________________ is ordered to move out.
_____
7. Frightened, Henry runs from the ____________________ and into the woods.
_____
8. Wilson and Henry ____________________ some officers talking.
_____
9. Henry can’t remember ____________________ his rifle.
_____
10. A fleeing ____________________ hits Henry with his rifle.
_____
11. Henry ____________________ the Rebel flag.
_____
12. Henry decides that, after all, he is but a ____________________.
_____
13. Wilson gives Henry his own ____________________.
_____
14. Henry feels ____________________ about leaving the tattered man behind.
38
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THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
26
#
FINAL EXAM, PART 1 NAME
DATE
Circle a letter to answer the question or correctly complete each statement. 1. Henry’s mother told him a. to milk the cow.
c. to shirk his duty.
b. not to enlist.
d. not to hurt anyone.
2. Two of Henry’s comrades in the regiment were a. the corporal and the general.
c. the tall soldier and the loud soldier.
b. Jimmie Rogers and Whitherside.
d. the youth and the mule drivers.
3. After months of boring drill in the camp, Henry a. wished he was back on the farm.
c. was glad he enlisted.
b. was eager to fight.
d. bet that Wilson would run away.
4. Henry refused to admit his fear because he a. wanted to obey his mother.
c. liked all the excitement.
b. thought the other men would laugh at him.
d. thought the generals were idiots.
5. When did Henry think he had passed “the supreme test”? a. when the regiment moved out
c. after the first battle
b. when he met the tattered soldier
d. after grabbing the Union flag
6. After running into the woods, Henry felt a. as free as a bird.
c. pity for the other men.
b. angry at Jim Conklin.
d. pity for himself.
7. What was the “red badge of courage” Henry envied? a. the red Rebel flag
c. a red velvet medal
b. a battle wound
d. red battle ribbons
8. Henry’s head wound came from a. a fight in camp.
c. a blow from a rifle.
b. a rifle bullet.
d. a low-hanging branch.
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39
THE RED BADGE
OF
C OUR AGE •
Chapter
26
#
FINAL EXAM, PART 2 NAME
DATE
Answer each question in your own words. Write in complete sentences. 1. Was Henry treated kindly or unkindly when he returned to his regiment? Give two examples. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. How would you describe Jim Conklin’s condition when Henry met him on the road? Give details. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. In your opinion, what made Wilson stop being so loud and boastful? Explain your reasoning. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. How did the tattered soldier’s questions affect Henry? How did Henry respond? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. What “small weapon” did Henry have that he could use against Wilson? Did he use it? Tell why or why not. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. By the end of the book, how did Henry feel about his war experience? How did he feel about himself? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 40
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27
SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
BEYOND THE TEXT: __________________________________________________ (TITLE OF NOVEL)
NAME
DATE
Choose one “extra credit” project from each column. Complete the short-term project on the back of this sheet. To complete the second project, follow your teacher’s instructions. SHORT-TERM PROJECTS
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
1. Write brief captions for any four illustrations in the book.
1. Use a reference book to find a song that was popular at the time this story takes place. Read or sing it to the class.
2. Draw a picture of your favorite character. Be sure the clothing and hairstyles are appropriate to the times. 3. Write a diary entry for one of the main characters. Describe, from that character’s point of view, an important event from the novel. 4. Write a short paragraph explaining why you think the author chose to write about the particular time and place of the novel’s setting. 5. Draw a simple map, showing various locations mentioned in the novel. 6. Choose any page from the novel. Rewrite all the dialogue. 7. Playing the role of a newspaper reporter, write a brief article describing one of the events that occurs in the novel.
2. Write a description of the daily life of ordinary people at the time this story was written. Use library resources to find information. 3. Make a diorama depicting one of the important scenes in the story. 4. Ask a librarian to help you find a recipe for a dish that was popular at the time depicted in the story. Make it for the class. 5. Make a chart showing “then and now” comparisons between the story’s location and people at the time the novel is set and as it is today. 6. Use a cassette recorder to make an audiotape of any two chapters of the novel.
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SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
PLOT STUDY: _________________________________________________________ (TITLE OF NOVEL)
NAME
DATE
Five elements make up a plot: characters, setting, conflict, climax, and conclusion. Review the Glossary definition of each element. Then answer the questions about the novel you just read. 1. What is the setting (time and place) of the novel? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What conflict or conflicts do the main characters face? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain the climax of these conflicts (how they are resolved). __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Is the outcome of the plot surprising? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Does the novel focus mostly on character, plot, or setting? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. What might have been a different way for the conflicts to be resolved? Think of some events that would have changed the outcome of the plot. Write your new ending here. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 42
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29
SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
THEME ANALYSIS: ___________________________________________________ (TITLE OF NOVEL)
NAME
DATE
Review the Glossary definition of theme. Then study the literary themes listed in the box. bravery guilt madness
loyalty love science
revenge war injustice
revolution repentance greed
nature courage regret
hope friendship youth
Authors often want to deliver a message about their themes. This message, usually a deeply held belief, is expressed in the story. Think about the novel you just read. What theme or themes can you recognize? What was the main idea? What point was the author trying to make about that theme? What message was delivered? Choose two or three themes from the box, or write your own. Then write a sentence explaining the author’s belief about that theme. (This kind of sentence is called a thematic statement.) EXAMPLE:
Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare Theme: hatred Thematic statement: Hatred between families can have tragic consequences for innocent individuals.
Theme 1: _____________________________ Thematic statement: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Theme 2: _____________________________ Thematic statement: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Theme 3: _____________________________ Thematic statement: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
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SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
CHARACTER STUDY: _________________________________________________ (TITLE OF NOVEL)
NAME
DATE
Review the Glossary definition of character. Then name two important characters from the novel you just read. Write a brief description of each. 1. Character: _______________________________ Description: _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Character: _______________________________ Description: _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Which character did you find most interesting? ____________________________ Explain why. _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the main conflict this character faces. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. How is this conflict finally resolved? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. Does the plot outcome make the character happy? __________________________ Explain how. _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. Write three lines of dialogue or description from the novel that helped you understand this character. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8. On the back of this sheet, write a sentence telling how you and the character are alike. Then write another sentence telling how the two of you are different. 44
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31
SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
VOCABULARY STUDY: _______________________________________________ (TITLE OF NOVEL)
NAME
DATE
Look back through the novel you just read. Find ten words that were new to you. First, list the words on the lines below. Then check a dictionary if you’re not sure what each word means. Finally, use each word in a sentence of your own. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
1. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 9. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 10. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
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SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
GLOSSARY STUDY: ___________________________________________________ (TITLE OF NOVEL)
NAME
DATE
1. Review the Glossary definition of conflict. Then describe one example of a conflict in this novel. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. Review the Glossary definition of imagery. Then give two examples of the author’s artful use of figurative language. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Select your favorite short passage from the novel. Write it on the lines. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the setting of the novel. When and where does the story take place? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Review the Glossary definition of motive. Explain the motive, or driving force, behind the main character’s actions. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6. Review the Glossary definition of quotation. Select a memorable quotation from the novel and write it on the lines. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. Think about a major event in the story. What was the main character’s point of view about that event? Explain how the author revealed that character’s point of view. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 46
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33
SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
BOOK REVIEW, PART 1 NAME
DATE
Imagine you are a book reviewer for a newspaper. Your job is to describe the novel you just read for your readers. Before you write your review—which will contain both fact and opinion—you must take notes. Use this form to record the information you will use in your article. BOOK TITLE: ____________________________________________________________ AUTHOR: _______________________________________________________________
1. What was the author’s purpose in writing this book? (Examples: to amuse, terrify, inform, protest, inspire, etc.) Name more than one purpose, if appropriate. __________________________________________________________________ 2. What type of novel is this? (Examples: adventure, fantasy, comedy, tragedy, mystery, action, drama, etc.) Name more than one type, if appropriate. __________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe the main character in two or three sentences. Use meaningful details. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe two or three supporting characters. Explain each character’s relationship to the main character. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. Write one or two sentences from the novel as examples of powerful description. (Hint: Look for vivid sights, sounds, smells, or feelings.) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Saddleback Educational Publishing © 1999 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
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SADDLEBACK CLASSICS
BOOK REVIEW, PART 2: ________________________________________________ (TITLE OF NOVEL)
NAME
DATE
6. Write one or two lines from the book as examples of memorable dialogue. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7. Summarize the plot of the book in one brief paragraph. (Hint: Name a key event at the beginning, middle, and end.) __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8. Find your favorite illustration in the book. As you describe it, explain how this drawing works as an aid to the reader’s imagination. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 9. State your opinion of the book’s title. Does the title give a good clue as to what the story is about? Why or why not? Suggest a different title that would have worked as well. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 10. State two reasons why you would or would not recommend this novel to your readers. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 48
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STUDY GUIDE The
Red Badge of Courage STEPHEN CRANE
Saddleback E-Book
SADDLEBACK EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING, INC.
