Read Reflect Respond a Answer Key (Read Reflect Respond)

TEACHER’S NOTES AND ANSWER KEY

Comprehension Skill-Boosters

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Comprehension Skill-Boosters

Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc. Cover Design: Image Quest, Inc.

Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 Website: www.sdlback.com Copyright © 2006 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-001-3 Printed in the United States of America 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

TO THE TEACHER The READ•REFLECT•RESPOND series has been specially designed to improve the comprehension skills of students working at or just below level. The very short, high-interest reading selections are both manageable and appealing—even to students who say they don’t like to read. The exercises that follow get right to the point. After exploring their own experience, opinions, and prior knowledge, students are asked to respond to a variety of traditional comprehension questions and to think critically about the material they just read. The brevity of each lesson is intended to promote a “can do” attitude and reinforce a sense of accomplishment. Experience has proven that students steadily gain confidence through many such small successes. You can extend the effectiveness of the READ•REFLECT•RESPOND lessons in several ways: • Reinforce acquisition of new vocabulary by having students write original sentences that demonstrate the new words’ meanings. • Provide students with an opportunity to develop their oral reading skills by having them take turns reading the selections aloud to the class or a small group. • Improve critical-thinking skills by using the REFLECT questions as a springboard for class or small-group discussion. • Make a group activity of the “Look it up in a reference source” questions. This enables your least-apt students to practice reference skills with the support of their peers.

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ANSWER KEY LESSON 1: Sharks Never Sleep and Other Shark Facts (pp. 6–7) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: flexible, watchful, alert, ancient 2. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: dangerous, fast, aggressive RESPOND: 1. a 2. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: teeth replace themselves, sharp senses, extra senses, flexible body, tough skin 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. c 8. c 9. d 10. a 11. b 12. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: both jaws move, skin has sharp scales, all cartilage rather than bone, don’t tend their young, never sleep, two extra senses 13. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: hammerhead, thresher, great white, tiger, blue, bull, mako, nurse, milk 14. SAMPLE ANSWER: No. Sharks rarely attack humans. There is an average of only 100 shark attacks per year worldwide. On average, only about 10 result in death. LESSON 2: The Buffalo Soldiers (pp. 8–9) REFLECT: 1. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: hostile tribes, outlaws, harsh landscapes and climates, no utilities, outdoor “plumbing” 2. Answers will vary. 3. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •WHAT IS THE MEDAL OF HONOR? It is the highest award for valor in action against an enemy force which can be bestowed upon an individual serving in the armed services of the United States. •WHY MIGHT A SOLDIER BE AWARDED THIS MEDAL? For an extraordinary act of bravery that saves the life of one or more soldiers. RESPOND: 1. All of them were black. 2. Buffalo Soldiers 3. POSSIBLE ANSWER: Like the buffalo, they were dark, fierce, strong, and full of energy. 4. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: fought hostile tribes; made peace with tribes; captured outlaws; mapped uncharted lands; delivered mail; built telegraph lines; protected forts, railroads, and wagon trains 5. “We can! We will!” 6. a 7. rode horseback 8. holy 9. admired 10. unfriendly 11. looked down on 12. ran away from their duties

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POSSIBLE FACTS INCLUDED IN ANSWER:

born into slavery; changed her name to William Cathay and, pretending to be a man, joined U.S. Infantry; discharged when discovered she was a woman; died at the age of 82 after a long and independent life

LESSON 3: Phew! What’s That Smell? (pp. 10–11) REFLECT: 1. – 2. Answers will vary. 3. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: smoke, gas, sulfur, ammonia, rot, putrefaction 4. – 5. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. molecules 2. nostrils 3. olfactory, brain 4. nostrils, nerve cells, olfactory nerve 5. weaker 6. minutes 7. taste 8. plugged your nose 9. a. 4 b. 2 c. 1 d. 3 10. in its antennae 11. complete loss of smell LESSON 4: John Muir (pp. 12–13) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: a mountain meadow, a dry desert, a deep valley, a sparkling waterfall, a dark forest, the Grand Canyon, the Florida Everglades 2. – 3. Answers will vary. 4. SAMPLE ANSWER: Get away from the daily hassle once in a while. Go to the park or to the river or any quiet, natural place. It will make you feel refreshed. RESPOND: 1. a. waterfall c. forestland b. riverbed d. eyesight 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. Answers will vary. LESSON 5: (To be titled by student) (pp. 14–15) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: Hey, Mr. Camel! What’s in That Hump? 2. SAMPLE ANSWER: The main idea is to explain the make-up and purposes of a camel’s hump. 3. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: donkey, horse, ox, llama 4. CIRCLE: dry, sandy, hot RESPOND: 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. b 7. shrinks 8. eighty 9. hungry 10. food 11. greedy 12. one hump 13. SAMPLE ANSWER: It can close its nostrils. 14. SAMPLE ANSWER: A camel has very thin extra eyelids it can see through. It can close these eyelids and continue to travel in sandstorms.

LESSON 6: The Ends of the Earth: The North and South Poles (pp. 16–17) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: cold, frozen, empty, barren 2. North Pole 3. South Pole 4. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. an ice cap 2. animal life 3. dark 4. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •both very cold •both have six months of nighttime in winter 5. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •The North Pole is an ice cap, while the South Pole is solid land. •Seasons come at opposite times. •The South Pole has penguins, but the North Pole does not. 6. POSSIBLE ANSWER: Arctic polar bears don’t eat penguins because there are no penguins at the North Pole. 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. a 11. Latin, polus LESSON 7: Meet Rosie the Riveter (pp. 18–19) REFLECT: 1. POSSIBLE ANSWER: Because most of the men had gone to fight in the war, and the factories needed workers to keep producing products. 2. POSSIBLE ANSWER: She’s supposed to symbolize strong and competent support at home. 3. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. metal bolt 5. crusade to accomplish something 6. catchy saying 7. country 8. scarf 9. b 10. While Germany, Italy, and Japan were the main enemies, there were six other countries. 11. While Great Britain, Russia, and the United States were considered the “Big 3” allies, there were 47 other countries, as well. 12. Nazis or Nazism is an abbreviation of the German word Nationalsozialismus, meaning “National Socialism.” 13. Hiroshima was bombed on August 6, 1945. Nagasaki was bombed on August 9, 1945. LESSON 8: Through Rain, Snow . . . (pp. 20–21) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: rain, sleet, hail, snow 2. – 3. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. hail 9. sleet 10. Rain 11. snow

LESSON 9: Some Very Peculiar Patents (pp. 22–23) REFLECT: 1. – 3. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. noun 8. verb 9. SAMPLE ANSWER: copies or imitates others. 10. SAMPLE ANSWER: a force that draws things to the center of the earth. 11. SAMPLE ANSWER: divide or separate things. 12. SAMPLE ANSWER: a clever idea or plan. LESSON 10: How to Get a Passport (pp. 24–25) REFLECT: 1. POSSIBLE ANSWER: to allow an individual to travel to and from countries other than that of his/her citizenship 2. POSSIBLE ANSWER: Mainly for security reasons. Countries want to make sure dangerous individuals are not entering their country. 3. Answers will vary. 4. POSSIBLE ANSWER: Yes. A picture makes identification easier. RESPOND: 1. CIRCLE: identification, application form, proof of citizenship, recent photo 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. document 6. United States 7. identification 8. application form 9. six weeks 10. POSSIBLE ANSWER: If there was a mistake or delay, Christina would still have time to get her passport before her trip. 11. POSSIBLE ANSWER: government or military picture identification 12. POSSIBLE ANSWER: 2x2 inches; taken within past six months; full face front view; street attire—no uniforms; no dark or nonprescription glasses 13. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •AGE 16 AND OLDER: $55 (plus a $12 security surcharge and $30 execution fee) •UNDER AGE 16: $40 (plus a $12 security surcharge and $30 execution fee) LESSON 11: The Truth About Dogs (pp. 26–27) REFLECT: 1. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •LARGE DOGS: Great Dane, St. Bernard, Newfoundland, Rottweiler, shepherd •SMALL DOGS: chihuahua, Pomeranian, pug, Pekinese, spaniel, teacup poodle 2. – 3. Answers will vary. READ•REFLECT•RESPOND

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RESPOND: 1. myth 2. breed 3. germ 4. den 5. whine 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T 11. F 12. The author writes about Sitka, the husky who begs from anyone dressed in blue. 13. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: wolf, coyote, fox, dingo, jackal 14. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •TERRIER: Norwich, Skye, Bull, Jack Russell, Scottish, American Staffordshire, Boston, Yorkshire, Cairn, Welsh, rat, Airedale •HOUND: Afghan, Beagle, Foxhound, Basenji, Basset Hound, Bloodhound, Dachshund, Greyhound, Rhodesian Ridgeback LESSON 12: City Coyotes (pp. 28–29) REFLECT: 1. – 2. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. invader 6. adaptable 7. cautious 8. prey 9. sheltering 10. CIRCLE: a new suburb built in a wooded area a large, green city park a brushy, garbage-strewn yard 11. Answers will vary. LESSON 13: On the Bayou (pp. 30–31) REFLECT: 1. – 3. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. CIRCLE: slow-moving stream 6. delta 7. legend 8. swamp 9. reptile 10. CIRCLE: Louisiana, the South, the Mississippi delta 11. CIRCLE: mysterious, eerie, beautiful 12. Answers will vary. LESSON 14: Happy Birthday, Pac-Man (pp. 32–33) REFLECT: 1. – 3. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. c 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. sudden brilliant idea 9. triangular 10. series of winding paths 11. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: simple to learn; characters have names; catchy music; challenging at higher levels; appeals to all ages and both genders 12. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •PONG: like playing Ping Pong or tennis on a screen; try to hit the ball past your opponent’s paddle to get a point

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•SPACE INVADERS: try to save the earth from alien invaders; shoot them down with ground-based lasers; game over when laser base hit three times LESSON 15: Rachael Scdoris (pp. 34–35) REFLECT: 1. b 2. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: courage, determination, confidence 3. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: horse racing, horse jumping, field day trials, dog shows, agility courses, hunting RESPOND: 1. a. 3 b. 2. c. 1 d. 4 2. legally blind 3. Oregon 4. Alaska 5. spotting hazards along the trail 6. women athletes 7. enter the next Iditarod 8. musher 9. debate 10. checkpoint 11. scratch 12. inspire 13. CIRCLE: young, legally blind 14. Answers will vary. LESSON 16: Pumpkin Moon (pp. 36–37) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: red-orange, nighttime, round 2. – 3. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. POSSIBLE ANSWER: It’s called a Pumpkin Moon because it often is red-orange colored and is round like a pumpkin. 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. b 8. the moon, darkening and hiding of 9. the dark shape cast by something as it cuts off light 10. air and gases around a planet 11. circle around 12. not complete 13. Answers will vary. LESSON 17: Cesar Chavez (pp. 38–39) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: nonviolent, determined, leader, unselfish 2. CIRCLE: stay home from their jobs, carry signs to raise public awareness 3. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •WHY STRIKE: better pay, better working conditions, better benefits •WHY STRIKE FORCES CHANGES: bad publicity, unable to meet production deadlines, revenue loss 4. Answers will vary.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

RESPOND: 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. union 7. Great Depression 8. migrant 9. boycott 10. nonviolent 11. fasted 12. BORN: March 31, 1927 DIED: April 23, 1993

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LESSON 18: Blood: The Lifestream of Your Body (pp. 40–41) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: vital, liquid, red 2. CIRCLE: skin, stomach, heart RESPOND: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. collaborate 6. network 7. Vessels 8. transfusion 9. depends 10. provide 11. attacks 12. transports 13. b 14. b 15. c 16. a 17. SAMPLE ANSWER: Anemia is a shortage of red blood cells or hemoglobin, which is necessary to carry oxygen. This condition is caused by poor nutrition.

LESSON 21: (To be titled by student) (pp. 46–47) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: dry, unusual, hot 2. CIRCLE: canteen, sunscreen, sunglasses, visored hat 3. Answers will vary. 4. c RESPOND: 1. hottest 2. lowest, Western Hemisphere 3. driest, North America 4. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: deep roots; leaves and stems that store water 5. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: juniper, pines 6. burros 7. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: lizards, coyotes, foxes, bobcats, rabbits, rodents, bighorn sheep 8. eastern 9. Nevada border 10. east 11. west 12. sad 13. herd 14. thrive 15. Answers will vary.

LESSON 19: Samurai Warriors (pp. 42–43) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: well-educated, loyal, warrior, admired, proud, brave 2. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: respected, fine home, educated, skilled, adventure-filled life 3. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: strict life, dangerous life, might have to kill someone or oneself, face hardships, answer to the warlord, experience pain during training RESPOND: 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. those who serve 6. the way of the warrior 7. CIRCLE: honor, bravery, loyalty 8. c 9. b 10. b 11. c 12. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: high social status, well-trained for battle, heavily armed, elaborate armor, lived by code of honor 13. Answers will vary. LESSON 20: How Animals Breathe (pp. 44–45) REFLECT: 1. smell 2. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: dog, cat, bear, elephant 3. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: ant, bee 4. CIRCLE: trout, salmon, carp, guppy RESPOND: 1. warm 2. lungs 3. spiracles 4. gills 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. Oxygen 10. blood vessel 11. organ 12. breathe 13. breath

•EEL: absorbs oxygen through its skin •DOLPHIN: through blowhole at top of head •BIRD: through their nostrils (called nares) •BEE: through spiracles •PIG: through their noses like humans

LESSON 22: How to Ride a Bus (pp. 48–49) REFLECT: 1. – 4. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. b 2. b 3. CIRCLE: when a bus arrives at certain stops; how long it takes to get from one stop to the next; which stops are transfer points 4. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: ramps and lifts, easy-seating section, allow service animals, large-print and audiocassette schedules 5. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: library, post office, bank, shopping center 6. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: web site, telephone call, phone book 7. change to a different bus route 8. trip plan 9. place a person is going 10. leaves 11. 5 12. 9:57 13. 105 14. 8th & Lake LESSON 23: The Trojan Horse (pp. 50–51) REFLECT: 1. a 2. a 3. b. RESPOND: 1. Troy 2. Helen 3. husband 4. nine 5. horse 6. Troy 7. SEQUENCE: 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 READ•REFLECT•RESPOND

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8. saying, proverb 9. legend, story 10. withdraw, leave 11. suspicious, doubting 12. POSSIBLE ANSWER: . . . be suspicious of gifts coming from unlikely sources. 13. Answers will vary. LESSON 24: Chimp Art (pp. 52–53) REFLECT: 1. – 3. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. a 8. POSSIBLE ANSWER: Yes. Congo’s paintings sold for a surprising sum after his death. 9. POSSIBLE ANSWER: no new canvases, so limited supply 10. Answers will vary. LESSON 25: Angels on Earth: Clara Barton and Florence Nightingale (pp. 54–55) REFLECT: 1. – 4. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: lived in same era; both were wartime nurses; both had nicknames; both became head of nurses; both were dedicated to their work; both became legends, etc. 2. POSSIBLE ANSWER: Barton was American and Nightingale was English. 3. SEQUENCE: 2, 1, 3 4. SEQUENCE: 3, 2, 1 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. b LESSON 26: A Nutrition Update (pp. 56–57) REFLECT: 1. Following are answers to “daily recommendations.” Student amounts will vary. GRAINS—6 oz. VEGETABLES—21/2 cups FRUITS—2 cups MILK PRODUCTS—3 cups MEAT & BEANS—51/2 oz. 2. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •There is no category labeled “Fats, oils, and sweets.” •Portions are described in cups and ounces rather than servings. •An exercise recommendation has been added.

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6. dark-green spinach 7. eat fresh apples 8. low-fat milk 9. whole wheat bread 10. fish, poultry, beans LESSON 27: Words from History: Give Me Liberty . . . (pp. 58–59) REFLECT: 1. CIRCLE: orator, Virginian, attorney, patriot, colonist 2. POSSIBLE ANSWERS: •. . . freedom from England; independence •. . . the colonies became a new independent nation, the United States of America. RESPOND: 1. b 2. March 23, 1775 3. to decide whether the colonies should go to war with England 4. stay out of war 5. fight for independence 6. death 7. Great Britain (England) 8. There is no copy of his speech; he spoke without notes. 9. argument 10. wise in the ways of government 11. makes speeches 12. greatest 13. giving up and obeying 14. Answers will vary. 15. CIRCLE: George Washington, Patrick Henry, Benjamin Franklin, Betsy Ross, Crispus Attucks, Paul Revere, John Hancock SUPER LESSON: The Oregon Trail (pp. 60–64) REFLECT: 1. – 4. Answers will vary. RESPOND: 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. SEQUENCE: 4, 1, 3, 5, 6, 2 11. migrate 12. Emigrants 13. drought 14. graze 15. grueling 16. Fertile 17. It’s where pioneers got on the Oregon Trail. 18. It was as lush and beautiful as they’d been led to believe. 19. They feared drowning in the rapids. 20. It went up over Mt. Hood and was steep and forested. 21. They liked being in a civilized town again. 22. Settlers would give the U.S. a stronger claim on the Oregon Territory. 22. Answers will vary.