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67 DEFG HIJIKG LMG NKOIPQPRKSG TLIUG FLVWG QROG EKXG YEKG ZLKKIPG [ERTIK\OIG WIPRMG RKS JISLIKOIG FLVWG QP]U\^QLQG EKG SIKG _]PP`OIKaG SLIG IPG MLOQIJPEVWOG WEOOIXG _]KG SIP HRbRFILKPLVWORKQG SIPG c]WKRKQG MEVWOIG IPG RKQIWIMMOG dIJPERVWXG DEFG QEJG LWM ILKIKG_]PQIFVWMEVeGER[GSLIGfPIRSIKGFILKIFGHIJIKFaGgIKKGIPGIPFOGEKGhITIK\]F iILOIGSLIGjEVWOGLKGSIPGikHG^JIPK]MMIKGWEOOIX YEKGZLKKIPGgEPGeILKGDRMMe]l[XGmPGgRUOIaGSEUGhITIK\]GSLIGkPQEKLFEOL]KG[IFOGLK SIPG YEKSG WEOOIXG nLIMEKSG eEKKOIG SLIG jLOOITG JIFFIPG ETFG YEKG ZLKKIPaG MLOG SIKIK hITIK\]G FILKIG dPRllIG SLPLQLIPOIXG nRPG MLOG hITIK\]aG KLIMETFG QIQIKG LWKaG e]KKOI ZLKKIPGSEPER[GW][[IKaGFITJFOGjEVWOGERF^JIKG\RGeoKKIKXGDIKGdISEKeIKaGFLVWGKEVW SIMGmP[]TQGQIQIKGhITIK\]G\RGgIKSIKGRKSGETTILKGSLIGYIPPFVWE[OGEKGFLVWG\RGPILUIKa WEOOIGYEKGZLKKIPGFVW]KG[P^W\ILOLQGIPg]QIKGRKSGpIPg]P[IKX nLIMETFG WEOOIG IPG FLVWG QIQIK^JIPG hITIK\]GqKFlLITRKQIKG SEPER[G IPTERJOaG SEUG IP hITIK\]FGrSIKOLO`OGeEKKOIaGRKSGYEKGZLKKIPGW][[OIaGSEUGhITIK\]GSLIFIGH]4ETLO`OGRKS _IPFVWgLIQIKWILOG\RGg^PSLQIKGgRUOIX qRUIPSIMGWEOOIGFLVWGYEKGZLKKIPGEJQIFLVWIPOXGmPGT`VWITOIaGETFGIPGSEPEKGSEVWOIX nILKaGhITIK\]Ge]KKOIGLWMGKLVWOGQI[`WPTLVWGgIPSIKG:GK]VWGKLVWOX i]TEKQIG YE4IFG RKSGqOTEKG SLIG dIFVWLVeIG SIPG ikHG JIFOLMMOIKaG e]KKOIG hITIK\] p]KGZLKKIPGpIPPEOIKGgIPSIKG:GF]TEKQIGMRUOIGhITIK\]GSLIFIKG_IPPEOG[^PVWOIKGRKS ER[G ZLKKIPG ;^VeFLVWOG KIWMIKXG il`OIPaG gIKKG hITIK\]G IPFOG SLIG jEVWOG EKG <]PS ^JIPK]MMIKGWEOOIaGpIP[T]QGSLIGjoQTLVWeILOGILKIFGF]TVWIKG_IPPEOFGp]KGFITJFOXGmF gEPGKLIMEKSGMIWPGSEaGEKGSIKGZLKKIPGFILKIGrK[]PMEOL]KIKGgILOIPQIJIKGe]KKOI= ERVWGSEKKGJPERVWOIGIPGhITIK\]GKLVWOG\RG[^PVWOIKaGF]GgIKLQGgLIGhITIK\]GLWKX cIVWFITFILOLQIG qJW`KQLQeILOG \RMG JILSIPFILOLQIKG nRO\IKG :G SEFG qPPEKQIMIKO QI[LITG YEKG ZLKKIPXG mLKIG QP]UIG hReRK[OG FOEKSG LWMG JIp]PaG RKSG IPG gEPG JIFOIKF EJQIFLVWIPOX nRPG ILKIFG SRP[OIG YEKG ZLKKIPG KLIMETFG gLSIP[EWPIKG :G SEUG IPG TIJIKSG QI[EKQIK QIK]MMIKG RKSG pIPWoPOG gRPSIXG DEKKG gRPSIG SEFG dIWILMKLFG ][[IKJEPaG SEKKG gEP hITIK\]GRKgLSIPPR[TLVWGQIFVWILOIPOX YEKGZLKKIPGQLKQG\RMGrKOIPe]MGWLK^JIPXGmPGJIFOITTOIGILKIGZ]lLIGp]KGYETTEMG
IbOX
qRFSPRVeG lEUOIG FVWTIVWOG LKG SEFG l]FLOP]KLFVWIG hILOETOIPaG EJIPG IFG QEJG eILKIK JIFFIPIKG :G JIFVWPLIJG
c]WKRKQG MLOQIJPEVWOG WEOOIG RKSG gLISIPG WEOOIG ERFFIO\IKG M^FFIKXG DEFG SEPERF PIFRTOLIPIKSIG FIITLFVWIG >PERMEG LFOG ILKIPG SIPG fIWTIP[`SIKaG SLIG \RG SIPG [ETFVWIK PI[[lRKeOG \R IPPILVWIKXG iVWKITTG FOIVeOIG IPG SLIG cE[[IG LKG SIKG d^POITG RKSG MEVWOIG FLVWG ER[G SIK cIQX YEKGZLKKIPGgRUOIaGSEUGhITIK\]GMIWPGETFGSPILGDRO\IKSGpIPFVWLISIKIG>PI[[lRKeOI WIPQIPLVWOIOG WEOOIXG DEp]KG gEPG @ISIMG jLOQTLISG FILKIPG kPQEKLFEOL]KG KRPG ILKI QIPLKQIGhEWTaGLKGSIPG;IQITGSPILaGJIeEKKOG:GERVWGSESRPVWGF]TTOIGpIPWLKSIPOGgIPSIKa SEUGMEKGhITIK\]GER[GSIMGcIQG^JIPGFILKIGdI[]TQFTIROIGER[GSLIGf`WPOIGeEMX YEKG ZLKKIPG WEOOIG LKG SIKG TIO\OIKG iORKSIKG FILKIG YEEPIG QI[`PJOaG IPG OPRQ [EPJpIP`KSIPKSIG Z]KOEeOTLKFIKG RKSG WEOOIG SRPVWG S^KKIG dRMMLl]TFOIPG LKG SIK cEKQIKG FILKG qRFFIWIKG F]G pIP`KSIPOaG SEUG ILKG fPIRKSG FVW]KG \LIMTLVWG QIKER g^PSIG WLKFVWERIKG M^FFIKaG RMG LWKG \RG IPeIKKIKXG mKOFlPIVWIKSG F]PQT]F
SRPVWDRIPOIGYEKGZLKKIPGSLIGikHX mPGIPPILVWOIGSIKG>PI[[lRKeOGIbEeOG\RPGpIPILKJEPOIKGhILOX hITIK\]GgEPGJIPILOFG\RPGiOITTIXGcLIGLMMIPGWEOOIGIPGILKIKG;ERMGQIg`WTOaGSIFFIK ILKIG Y`T[OIG LKG OLI[IPG DRKeITWILOG TEQXG D]POG WLITOG IPG FLVWG ER[G :G SLIG HLVWOFILOIG gEP FILKIMGdIQIK^JIPG\RQISEVWOX EDRGJLFGl^KeOTLVWGaGFOITTOIGhITIK\]G[IFOXGEDEFGQI[`TTOGMLPXG iILKIG iOLMMIG gEPG FIWPG OLI[aG eTEKQG EJIPG FITOFEMG pIP\IPPOaG F]G SEUG eILKG hRWoPIP @IMETFGFLVWIPGFILKGe]KKOIaG]JGIFGFLVWGRMGhITIK\]FGOEOF`VWTLVWIGiOLMMIGWEKSITOIX DIPG OLI[IG <EUG pIP[IWTOIG \RSIMG FITOIKG FILKIG cLPeRKQG ER[G SLIG hRWoPIPaG IPG eTEKQ KEVWGjEVWOGRKSGDRPVWFIO\RKQFpIPMoQIKX EDRGgILUOaGSEUGLVWGSILKIGqK]PSKRKQIKGIbEeOGJI[]TQIXG EnLVWOG LMMIPGaG EKOg]POIOIG hITIK\]XG EDRG g`PIFOG KLVWOG QI[T]WIKaG Q`JIG IFG KLVWO ILKIGLSIKOL[L\LIPJEPIG_IPJLKSRKQG\gLFVWIKGSLPGRKSG_EKT]]XGrVWGWEJIGEKQI]PSKIOa SEUGeILKIPGMILKIPGdIOPIRIKGSIKGEKSIPIKGlIPFoKTLVWGeIKKIKGSEP[XG EmLKGhR[ETTGaGEKOg]POIOIGYEKGZLKKIPXGmPGWEOOIGMLOGSLIFIMGqPQRMIKOGQIPIVWKIOGRKS FLVWGILKIGqRFPISIGILK[ETTIKGTEFFIKXGEmLKIGAEKKIaGSLIGp]PGeRP\IPGhILOGIPFOGlEFFLIPO LFOXGrVWGWEOOIGeILKIGdITIQIKWILOGMIWPaGFLIGERF\RJ^QITKXG EdROaG SEKKG gIPSIG LVWG FLIG ERFJ^QITKGaG FEQOIG hITIK\]XG mLKIG eTILKIG AERFI IKOFOEKSXGDEKKGJIQPL[[GYEKGZLKKIPaGgEFGhITIK\]GMILKOIXGmPGFVWPLIGER[X H DIPGQITTIKSIGiVWPILGeEMGERFGSIMGnEVWJEPWERFXGrVWGFlPEKQGER[aGo[[KIOIGSLIG>^PX <@]GPRllGT]F\RFVWLVeIKGpIPFlPEVWX c`WPIKSGLVWGK]VWGSRPVWGSLIGikHGWIO\OIaGFOLIUG<@]G\RGMLPXGmPGWEOOIGFLVWGp]KGSIM iVW]VeG IPFOERKTLVWG FVWKITTG IPW]TOaG RKSG JILG FILKIMG >IMl]G gEPG IFG [^PG LWKG ILKI ZTILKLQeILOaGMLVWGILK\RW]TIKX
cLPGJPERVWOIKGFLIJ\IWKGjLKROIKaGRMGYEKGZLKKIPG\RG[LKSIKX mPGTEQGER[GSIMG;^VeIKXGrKGFILKIPG]SGQI\ILVWKIOX rVWGFEWGF][]POaGSEUGgLPGLWKGKLVWOGMIWPGg^PSIKGPIOOIKGeoKKIKXGiILKIGqRQIKGgEPIK ][[IKGRKSGFVWPIVeIKFFOEPPXG<@]GlPIUOIGSLIGHLllIKGER[ILKEKSIPXGrVWGgRUOIaGSEUGIP @IO\OG OITIlEOWLFVWIKG Z]KOEeOG \RG SIMG iOIPJIKSIKG ER[KEWMXG EmPG eIKKOG hITIK\]Ga MRPMITOIG<@]XGcLISIPGJIQEKKGFILKGZoPlIPG\RG\LOOIPKXGmFGgEPGRKQIWIRIPaGgEFGIP FLVWGlF4VWLFVWG\RMROIOIG:GKRPGILKG>ITIlEOWGe]KKOIGSEFGgLPeTLVWGIPMIFFIKXGEmPGWEO LWKG ILKMETG WILMTLVWG []O]QPE[LIPOGaG MRPMITOIG <@]XG ENKSG ILKMETG QIFIWIKXG rVW pIPFRVWIaG SEFG P`KIKGLKGSIKGqRQIKaGIPGFVWTRVeOIGWI[OLQX ErVWGWEJIGSEFG
pIPMROIOaG SIPG ERFG dP^KSIKG SIPG iOEEOFP`F]KG :G mPJ[]TQI\gLFOLQeILOIKG gEPIKG \R JI[^PVWOIKG:GKLIMETFGo[[IKOTLVWGER[OPIOIKGSRP[OIXGnRKaGLVWGgRUOIGIFGJIFFIPaGEJIP SEFGgEPGILKIGEKSIPIGdIFVWLVWOIX DEUGFLVWG@IMEKSGSEPEKGIPLKKIPKGF]TTOIaGIPFVWLIKGMLPGK]VWGgILOGRKgEWPFVWILKTLVWIP ETFGLMGfETTGSIFGdPERIKG;LOOIPFX rMMIPWLKG :G ILKIFG FOEKSG \LIMTLVWG FLVWIPG [IFORG mFG MRUOIG ILKIKaG gEWPFVWILKTLVW OLI[IKlF4VW]T]QLFVWG \RG IPeT`PIKSIKG dPRKSG SE[^PG QIJIKaG gEPRMG ILK KLISIPOP`VWOLQIPaG qOOIKOEOIG ]PQEKLFLIPIKSIPG YETRKeIG ERFQIPIVWKIOG MLOG ILKIM ;LOOIPe]l[G ERFQIFOEOOIOG gEPXG EZLKKIPG WEOG SIKG fLTMG LKG ILKIMG DIl]OG pIPgEWPOGa JIPLVWOIOIG<@]GgILOIPXGErVWGgILUaGg]GIPG\RG[LKSIKGLFOXG rKG SLIFIMGqRQIKJTLVeG IPFVWLIKIKG SLIG HIROIaG SLIG EQIFGg^PSIGSLIGdIFVWLVWOFFVWPILJRKQGSIPGikHGYE4IFG\RGSIKGdP]UIKG\`WTIKX cEFGSLIFIPGjEKKG[^PGSLIGi]TEKIPGQITILFOIOGWEOOIaGgEPGSIKGMILFOIKGEKG<]PSGKLVWO ILKMETGEKK`WIPKSGJIeEKKOX YE4IFSGqRQIKGgEPIKGQIPoOIOXGmPGJTLK\ITOIGMLVWGEKX EnRKaGIOgEFGQI[RKSIKTGG[PEQOIGIPGM^SIXGEYEKGZLKKIPGLFOGO]OGaGEKOg]POIOIGLVWGRKS TLIUG MLVWG LKG ILKIMG SIPG iIFFITG KLISIPXG cLISIPG ILKMETG FOITTOIG LVWG [IFOaG gLI JIS^P[KLFT]FG YE4IFG lPLpEOG gEP=G FILKIG ZTERFIG gEPG \gEPG ILKG gIKLQG JIWEQTLVWIP ERFQI[ETTIKG ETFG SLIG FlEPOEKLFVWIG ZEMMIPG FILKIFG _]PQ`KQIPFG CWEPOG DIVV]Ka EJIPG SLIG MILFOIKG i]TEKIPG TIJOIKG IPWIJTLVWG e]M[]POEJTIPG ETFG SIPG jEKKaG SIPG LWPI dIFVWLVeIGTILOIOIX rVWGJIPLVWOIOIGYE4IFaGgEFGgLPGWEOOIKGIPMLOOITKGeoKKIKXGmFGgEPG@`MMIPTLVWGgIKLQX
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EOKHHKLMG YKOaFJKG HMNOJG TIcWG ’G LKMHG SV`G OIJJKG _MLVIHYG `KMHKHG INOXSVYKF OKFRSFYK_FINOJ\GTIOKFG]WbJKGKFGdKMJKFVK_KHP ․ELGMLJG`KMHGLNOaHKLG‰K_KHGOMKF‥\GLIYJKGKFPG․‟MKGKFO[VJHMLLKGLMHTGFSO\GTMKGQMJJKV `[FYVMNOPG“KHHG]IHGWHLGLNOSHGHMNOJGJaJKHG`IHH\GLSGdMVVG]IHGWHLGTSNOG_KTF‚N`KH WHTGLNOMHTKH\GWHLKFKHG‱OIFI`JKFG_FKNOKHPGZKMGRMKVKHGMLJGTILGYKVWHYKH\GLMKGLMHT RKFdMVTKFJ\G]‚TKGWHTGTK”FM]MKFJPGZKMGRMKVKHGMLJGTKFG“MVVKGcW]GUWJKHGYK_FSNOKH\ dKHHGIWNOGHMNOJGLSGdKMJ\GTIbGLMKGLMNOGTK]GZaLKHGRKFLNOFKM_KHGd‚FTKHP‥G․•HT _KMGTKHGIHTKFKH′‥GdSVVJKGMNOGdMLLKHPGEOKHHKLMGLJMKbGKMHKHG‰IWJGIWL\GTKHGMNOGIVL ‛KWXcKFGTKWJKJKP ․“MFG LMHTG HSNOG WHYK_FSNOKH‥\G LIYJKG KFPG ․†HI””G X‚HXcMYG E]WVIJSFKH\G TMKG TMK FMHcM”MKHGMOFKFGE″MLJKHcGHSNOGHMNOJGRKFVKWYHKJGOI_KH\GS_dSOVGMOHKHGIVLG‡aFTKFWHY HMNOJGKMH]IVGTMKG
SXXHWHYG_VKM_JPG‟MKLKG
IXJG`KHHJG`KMHGEHJFMHHKH\GHWFGTKHG‴STP‥ ․•HTGdILGJWJGMOF\GdKHHGMOFGHMNOJGIWXGTILGEHTKGdIFJKJ′‥ ․“MFG ]‚OKHG WHL\G WHLKFKG †F[XJKG cWG RKFRSVV`S]]HKHG WHTG cWLI]]KHcWLNOVMKbKHP MKVKG RSHG WHLG OI_KHG _KLSHTKFKG UI_KHPG “MFG RKFLWNOKHG M]]KFG dMKTKF\G TMKLK †F[XJKG cWLI]]KHcWX‚OFKH\G I_KFG TILG EHKFYMKYKX‚YKG MHG TMKLK]G ‛„LJK]G V[bJ WHLKFKGKFLWNOKGM]]KFGdMKTKFGLNOKMJKFHP‥ ‰IHYLI]GdWFTKGTILGZMVTGX‚FG]MNOGTKWJVMNOKFP “ILG TKFG ‛MHHG TMKLKFG
IXJG dIF\G VIYG IWXG TKFG
IHTPG ^WNOG TMKG HSNOG I`JMRKH E]WVIJSFKHGLSVVJKHGM]G‰IWXG TKFG …KMJG ‴IJ`FIXJG WHTG ‛NOdWHYG RKFVMKFKHG WHTG IWXG TMK ‛JWXKGMOFKFG]SFIVMLNOGcKF_FSNOKHKHGUKX[OFJKHGOKFI_LMH`KHPG]]KFGdMKTKFGYI_GKL\ dMKG EOKHHKLMG WHLG _KFMNOJKJG OIJJK\G ‛JFKMJMY`KMJKHG cdMLNOKHG _KMTKHG UFW””KH\G TMK W]GLSGLMHHVSLKFGdIFKH\GIVLGKLGLMNOG_KMGIVVKHGW]G•HLJKF_VMNOKGOIHTKVJKPG^WNOGTIL M]]KFd[OFKHTKG UKFIHYKVG W]G IOFWHYL]MJJKV\G TMKG RSHG TKHG “INOKHG I_LMNOJVMNO `HI””GYKOIVJKHGdWFTKH\GdIFGM]GUFWHTKG`KMHGKNOJKFG†SHXVM`JG’GKLGLNOMKHGX‚FGTMK UK_FSNOKHKHGKOKFGKMHKG^FJGRKFcdKMXKVJKFGKFLWNOGcWGLKMH\GKMHKGZKLNO[XJMYWHYGcW XMHTKH\GTKFG]IHGdKHMYLJKHLGKMHKHG‛MHHGWHJKFLNOMK_KHG`SHHJKPG‟IbGLMKGTI_KMGKMH ‛J‚N`GTMKGFMHcM”MKHGRKFFMKJKH\GX‚FGTMKGLMKGYKLNOIXXKHGdIFKH\GLNOMKHG^_LMNOJGTKF †F[XJKGcWGLKMH\GTMKGTMKGE]WVIJSFKHGOMKFGKMHL”KFFJKHP ․“MFGdMLLKHGHMNOJ\GdKFGTIOMHJKFLJKN`J‥\GRKFFMKJGEOKHHKLMPGEFGYKLJM`WVMKFJKG]MJGTKH ^F]KHPG․^VVKL\GdILGdMFGOI_KHGOKFIWLXMHTKHG`aHHKH\GV[WXJGTIFIWXGOMHIWL\GTIbGTKF UFKHcd[NOJKFG†MSVJSHHGMFYKHTdSG]MJGTK]GVIHKJKHGMTKHJMLNOGMLJ\GTKHGMOFGUF‚H_VIW HKHHJPG ^_KFG IWNOG KFG LNOKMHJG HWFG
IHTVIHYKFG KMHKFG IHTKFKH\G dKMJG ‚_KFVKYKHKH QINOJGcWGLKMHPG‛SGRKF”WXXKHGWHLKFKG†F[XJKGLMHHVSLGWHTGSOHKG“MF`WHYP‥GNOG`SHHJK
TKHG E]WVIJSFG YWJG RKFLJKOKHPG EFG WHTG IVVKG LKMHKG UKX[OFJKHG dIFKHG KHJLJIHTKHG ]MJ TKFG ^WXYI_K\G TKHG †F[XJKHG TKLG UWJKHG cWG OKVXKH\G WHTG LMKG dIFKHG JFSJcG IVVKF “MTFMY`KMJKHG ]MJG EMXKFG IHG MOFKG^F_KMJG YKYIHYKHPG ‟IHHG I_KFG OIJJKHG WH_K`IHHJK Q[NOJKG cWYKLNOVIYKHPG QIVG WHRKFLKOKHLG RS]G
KM]IJ”VIHKJKHG KHJX‚OFJ\G ]IV ]MJLI]JGTK]G‣IW]LNOMXXGIWXYK_FINOJG’GMHG‧KTK]G‡IVVGdIFKHGLMKGRKFLNOVK””JGWHT HINOG‣SLJ_FIWHGYKLNOIXXJGdSFTKHP NOG dWbJKG HMNOJG FKNOJ\G dILG MNOG RSHG TMKLKFG ‰IYKG OIVJKHG LSVVJKPG EOKHHKLML ZKLNOFKM_WHYG`VIHYGKOFVMNO\GWHTGKLGdIFG`VIF\GTIbGTMKG†F[XJK\GTMKGTMKGE]WVIJSFKH OMKFG XKLJOMKVJKH\G HMNOJLG UWJKLG M]G ‛MHHG OIJJKHPG ‟K]G I_KFG dMTKFL”FINOG ]KMHK ”KFLaHVMNOKGEFXIOFWHYG]MJGTKHGUFKHcd[NOJKFHG’GTMKLKGWH_IF]OKFcMYKG
IXJGLJIHT M]G“MTKFL”FWNOGcWFG]MFG_K`IHHJKHG
IVJWHYGTKFGUFKHcd[NOJKFP ․^_KFGHWH‥\GLIYJKGEOKHHKLM\GWHTGLKMHKG‛JM]]KG_K`I]GKMHKHG•HJKFJSH\GTKHGMNO IVLGXFKWTMYKGEFFKYWHYGK]”XIHT\G․HWHGdMFTGKLG_KLLKFGdKFTKHPGQIHGOIJGKWNOGIVL E]WVIJSFKHGKMHYKLJWXJPGNOGdKMbGHMNOJGYKHIW\GdILGMNOGTIRSHGOIVJKHGLSVVPGEHJdKTKF _KYMHHJGWHLKFGUKYHKFGYFS_KG‡KOVKFGcWG]INOKHG’GTITWFNO\GTIbGKFGKWNOGIVVKGLS KMHYKLJWXJG ’\G STKFG KLG MLJG KMHKG EHJdMN`VWHYG KMHYKJFKJKH\G dMKG dMFG LMKG HMK]IVLG cW OSXXKHGYKdIYJGO[JJKH\GTIbGKLGH[]VMNOGaV`KFGYM_J\GTMKG]KOFGIVLGKMHKHGE]WVIJSF OKFRSF_FMHYKHG `aHHKHPG MKVVKMNOJG YKOaFJG IWNOG ]KMHG SV`G TIcW\G TIHHG `aHHJKG MNO KHTVMNOG‡FMKTKHGXMHTKHP‥ ․“MFGdKFTKHGJWH\GdILGMHGWHLKFKHG†F[XJKHGLJKOJ‥\GRKFL”FINOGMNOP ‴„IFMGdaV_JKG”VaJcVMNOGTMKGZFIWKHPG․“MFG_K`S]]KHGZKLWNO‥\GLIYJKGLMK\GWHTGMOFK ‛JM]]KGRKFFMKJGZKJFSXXKHOKMJPG“KHMYGL”[JKFGLIOGMNOGTKHGUFWHTGTIX‚FP EMHKG UFW””KG ‣S_SJKFG dIFG IWXYKJIWNOJ\G WHTG LMKG `I]KHG HMNOJG IVVKMHPG SFG MOFKH “IXXKHGLJI”XJKHG]MJGRKF_MLLKHKHGUKLMNOJKFHGTMKGFKLJVMNOKHGZKLIJcWHYL]MJYVMKTKF TKFGQ ^‰^QG‚_KFGTKHGLIHTMYKHGZSTKHPG‣ILNOG‚_KFXVSYGMNOGTMKG‛NOIFPGMK]IHT XKOVJKP ․‛MKGOI_KHGWHLGIWLGTK]G‛NOMXXGYKOSVJ\GdMFGOIJJKHG`KMHKGIHTKFKG“IOV‥\GKF`V[FJK
KIJOKFG‰VKMJGd‚JKHTP ․•HTGdILGMLJG]MJGTKFGQ ^‰^QG”ILLMKFJ′‥GdSVVJKGMNOGdMLLKHPG•]GWHLG]INOJKGMNO ]MFGM]GQS]KHJG`KMHKG‛SFYKHPG^_KFGdKHHGTILG‛NOMXXGcKFLJaFJGdIF\GOIJJKHGdMFGLSGYWJ dMKG`KMHKG‱OIHNKG]KOF\GTMKG‛
‰GdMKTKFGcWGKFFKMNOKHPG•HTGMHGTKFGI]KHVSLKH …SHKGcWGLJFIHTKH\GHSNOGTIcWGMHGTMKLK]GEHKFYMK`[XMY\GdIFGTILGVKJcJK\GdILGMNOG]MF d‚HLNOJKP
KIJOKFG ‰VKMJG cWN`JKG ]MJG TKHG ‛NOWVJKFHPG ․“MFG dMLLKHG KLG HMNOJPG ^VLG dMFG TMK Q ^‰^QGRKFVMKbKH\GdIFGLMKGKMHLIJc`VIFPG“ILGTIHINOGYKLNOKOKHGMLJGPPP‥ NOGLIOG‴„IFMGIHP ELGVMKbGLMNOGHMNOJGVKWYHKHG’GdMFGLIbKHGXKLJPG•HTGWHLKFKG^WLLMNOJKHGdIFKHGIVVKL IHTKFKGIVLGFSLMYP ‵ ․
ILJGTWGKWKLGYKOaFJ′‥ EVTIFG‛SHHKFL„GKF`WHTMYJKGLMNOGHWFGLKVJKHG_KMGLKMHKFGQWJJKFGHINOGHXSF]IJMSHKHP ‟ILG]KMLJK\GdILGLMKGcWG_KFMNOJKHGOIJJK\GJIJGKFGIVLG^VJdKM_KF`VIJLNOGI_PG^_KFGKMHK LKVJLI]KG•HFWOKGOIJJKGTKHG‧WHYKHGQIHHG_KXIVVKHPG․MNOJGRMKV‥\GLIYJKG‴OIVIP ‛MKG F‚OFJKG KMHKHG †WNOKHG IH\G dMKG ‚_VMNOG ]MJG TKFG
IHTPG EVTIFG LIOG MOFG cW\G IWXG TMK TKK\GMOFGcWGOKVXKH\G`I]GKFGHMNOJP ․ELGOKMbJ\GTIbGLMNOGTKFGYKOKM]HMLRSVVKG…KVKHcSGdMKTKFGYK]KVTKJGOIJP‥ ․
]‥\G]INOJKGEVTIFP …KVKHcSGdIFGZSFTYKL”F[NO\GLKMJGKMHMYKFG…KMJGLNOSHPG
I„KLGOIJJKGKMHG”IIFG‛JWHTKH YKcaYKFJ\G I_KFG TIHHG OIJJKG KFG IHG INOFMNOJKHG RKF_FKMJKHG VILLKH\G dILG cWFG …KMJ RSFVIY\GLKV_LJGIWXGTMKGUKXIOFGOMH\GTIbGLMNOGTMKG‛”IVJWHYGcdMLNOKHGTKHG‛SVIHKFH RKFJMKXJKP ․EMHGJSVVKFGZWFLNOK\GTMKLKFG…KVKHcS‥\G]KMHJKGEVTIFPG․EHTVMNOGKMHKF\GTKFGTKHKHGTI S_KHGIFSVMG_MKJKJP‥ ․‛SG`IHHG]IHGKLGIWNOGLKOKH‥\GIHJdSFJKJKG‴OIVIGXFKWHTVMNOPG‛MKGOIJJKG…WN`KFGWHT EMKFGcWLI]]KHYKF‚OFJGWHTGdIFG‧KJcJGTI]MJG_KLNO[XJMYJ\G‚LLKGcWG]IOVKHP ․^VVKMH\GdMKGKFGTILGIWXYKcSYKHGOIJ\GMLJGLNOSHG‛”MJcK‥\G]KMHJKGEVTIFPGEFGHILNOJK KMHGdKHMYGRSHGTK]GEML…WN`KFUK]MLNOP ․‴IY‶‥ MVIFG`I]G`WFcGMHGTMKG†‚NOK\GYF‚bJKGMOFKGQWJJKFGWHTGRKFLNOdIHTGTIHHGdMKTKFPG‛KMJ TKFG‛cKHKGI]GELLKHLJMLNOGd‚FTMYJKGLMKGEVTIFG`KMHKLGZVMN`KLG]KOFPGEVTIFGYFMHLJK HWFPGEHTVMNOGOIJJKGTMKG…MKYKGTKHGHaJMYKHG‣KL”K`JGRSFGMO]PG․‛SGKMHXINOG`IHHG]IH
TILG HMNOJG LKOKH‥\G LIYJKG ‴OIVIG WHTG HIO]G dMKTKFG KMH]IVG TMKG IHYK_VMNOG HKWJFIVK QMJJKV”SLMJMSHG KMHPG ․EFG OIJG ]MJG LKMHKHG ZSJLNOIXJKHG IWNOG KMHKG QKHYKG ‷FYKF IHYKFMNOJKJPG MKVKG ‰KWJKG LMHTG ]MbJFIWMLNOG YKdSFTKHG WHTG LKOKHG MOFKG INO_IFH YIHcG LKVJLI]G IHPG IHTIG †IMVIFG _KML”MKVLdKMLKG OIJG MOFKHG QIHHG M]G KFTINOJ\G X‚F …KVKHcSG cWG IF_KMJKH\G WHTG TKFG IF]KG †KFVG dKMbG HMNOJ\G dMKG KFG MOFG TILG UKYKHJKMV _KdKMLKHGLSVVP‥ ․KNOGX‚FGMOH‥\G`S]]KHJMKFJKGEVTIFPG․“‚FTKGMNOGX‚FG…KVKHcSGIF_KMJKH\G`aHHJKG]IH ]MFGTILGIWNOGHMNOJG_KdKMLKHP‥ ․ WHYK‶‥GFMKXG‴OIVIGK]”aFJGWHTGLKJcJKGTMKG‛NO‚LLKVGI_P ․†KMHKG‛SFYK\GMNOGJW‸LGHMNOJ‥\GdKOFJKGEVTIFGI_PG․HJKVVK`JWKVVKGdMKG]MNOG`IHHGKF SOHKOMHGHMNOJG_FIWNOKHPG“ILGKFGIHdMF_J\GLNOKMHKHG‛NOV[YKFGWHTG‛NOMKbKFGcWGLKMHP ‟ILGMLJG]MFGcWGYFS_P‥ ․UWJ\GTIbGTWGTILGLIYLJ\G WHYK‥\G]KMHJKG‴OIVIGWHTGHIO]GMOFKG^F_KMJGdMKTKFGIWXP ․IJKFGdMFTGLMNOGXFKWKH\GdKHHGKFGcWF‚N``S]]JGWHTGOaFJ\GTIbGTWGTMNOG_KLSHHKH OILJP‥G․
I_‸GMNOGHMNOJ‥\GYFMHLJKGEVTIFPG․NOGOI_KGcdIFG`KMHKGKMYKHKG“IXXK\GI_KF ]MJG]KMHK]G‡FKWHTG‚_KGMNOGaXJKFGTILG‛NOMKbKHPGSFGIVVK]GYIHcGLNOHKVV\GIWLGTKF
‚XJK\GLSGPPP‥GEFGLJIHTGIWXGWHTG_KJ[JMYJKGKMHKGM]IYMH[FKG“IXXKP ․^NOG TMKLKG ‡MV]K‥\G LKWXcJKG ‴OIVIPG ․‛MKG _FMHYKHG TMKG ‧WHYKHG ‰KWJKG YIHc TWFNOKMHIHTKFP‥ ․
ILJGTWGKMHKGINOFMNOJGRSHGIJKF′‥GXFIYJKGEVTIFGHINOGKMHKFGV[HYKFKHGIWLKP ‴OIVIGLNO‚JJKVJKGTKHG†S”XP EVTIFG]WF]KVJKGKMHKHG‡VWNOP ․‛KMJG TK]G ‛JIFJG TKFG Q ^‰^QG LMHTG RMKFcKOHG ‴IYKG RKFYIHYKH‥\G ]WFFJKG KFP ․MKFcKOHG ‴IYK\G WHTG `KMHG ‰K_KHLcKMNOKHG RSHG TK]G ‛NOMXXPG IJKFG dIFG KMH ‟W]]`S”X\GTIbGKFG]MJG^JVIHGYKXVSYKHGMLJPGEFG`SHHJKGLMNOGTSNOGIWLFKNOHKH\GTIb LSGKJdILGKMHKLG‴IYKLGTIHK_KHYKOJP‥ ․IJKFGdKMb\GdILGKFGJWJ‥\GIHJdSFJKJKG‴OIVIGYK]KLLKHPG‛MKG]MLNOJKGTMKG…WJIJKH cWLI]]KH\G F‚OFJKG `F[XJMYG TWFNOG WHTG X‚VVJKG TMKG ZIN`XSF]\G TMKG LMKG cWRSFG YF‚HTVMNO KMHYKXKJJKJGOIJJKPG․ELGd‚FTKG]MNOGHMNOJGdWHTKFH\GdKHHGdMFGHMKG]KOFGKJdILGRSH MO]GOaFKH‥\GLJMKbGEVTIFGOKFRSFPGEFGL”‚FJK\GTIbGLKMHG•HJKF`MKXKFGKMHGdKHMYGcWGcMJJKFH _KYIHHGWHTGMOHGKMHGLKVJLI]KLGUKX‚OVG‚_KF`I]PGEFGFMbGLMNOGcWLI]]KHPG․ WHYK‥\
LIYJKG ‴OIVIG WHTG LNO‚JJKVJKG TKHG †S”XPG ․“KFG dMFTG TKHHG LSG KJdILG LIYKH′‥G ‛MK LNOS_G TMKG ZIN`XSF]G MHG TKHG
KFTPG ‛NOSHG HINOG `WFcKFG …KMJG _KYIHHG LMNOG KMH IHYKHKO]KFGUKFWNOGMHGTKFG†‚NOKGIWLcW_FKMJKHPG‴OIVIGV[NOKVJKGcWXFMKTKHP ․‟KHG]IYGIJKFGI]GVMK_LJKH‥\GLIYJKGLMKGWHTGdWLNOGLMNOGTMKG
[HTKP ․‟WGdKMbJG TSNO\GTIbGRMKVKG IHG ZSFTG^JVIHG LSHLJdSOMHG d‚HLNOKHPG “ILG MLJ\G dKHH …KVKHcSG KMHKG ZS]_KG IHG ZSFTG YKLNO]WYYKVJG OIJPG MKVVKMNOJG XVMKYJG KFG LKV_LJG ]MJ\ MFYKHTdSGRKFLJKN`JGSTKFGRKF`VKMTKJPG‟K]GMLJGIVVKLGcWcWJFIWKHP‥G‴OIVIGV[NOKVJKP ․‟WG RKFYMbJ\G TIbG ‴„IFMG IHG ZSFTG MLJPG EMHKG ‴KVK”IJOMHG d‚FTKG …KVKHcSG LSXSFJ IWXL”‚FKHGWHTGXKLJLKJcKHGVILLKHPG‟WG_FIWNOLJGTMFG`KMHKG‛SFYKHGcWG]INOKH\G_IVT dMFTGIJKFGcWF‚N``S]]KH\GWHTGTIHHGdKFTKJGMOFGKWNOGdMKTKFGRKFJFIYKHP‥ EVTIFG LJMKbG KMHKHG ‛KWXcKFG IWLPG ‴OIVIG ]MJG MOFK]G KdMYKHG
IF]SHMKLJFK_KHPG WF `KMHKG‛JFKMJMY`KMJKH\GLKV_LJGdKHHGTMKGQKMHWHYKHGHSNOGLSGIWLKMHIHTKFYMHYKHP ․“ILGLIYJGTKHHG
I„KLGcWGTK]GIVVKH′‥GXFIYJKGEVTIFP ‴OIVIGX‚OVJKGLMNOGLMNOJVMNOGYKLNO]KMNOKVJ\GTIbGEVTIFGMOFGLSGYF‚HTVMNOKG†KHHJHMLLK cWJFIWJKP ․NOGdKMbGHMNOJ\GdILGKFGYKLIYJGOIJ‥\GRKF`‚HTKJKGLMKPG․NOGdKMbGHWF\GTIbGKFGLKOF KMXFMYGHINOG…KVKHcSGXIOHTKHGV[bJPG‟MKG‴KVK”IJOKHGOKVXKHGMO]GTI_KMP‥ ․^WNOG TMKG
MFHLNOH‚XXVKFG dKFTKHG …KVKHcSG HMNOJG `FMKYKH‥\G _KOIW”JKJKG EVTIFP ․‟IX‚FGMLJGKFGRMKVGcWGLNOVIWP‥ ․“SOKFGdMVVLJGTWGTILGdMLLKH′‥GdSVVJKG‴OIVIGdMLLKHP EVTIFGcWN`JKG]MJGTKHG‛NOWVJKFHP ․NOGOI_KGHWFGRKFLWNOJ\G]MNOGMHGMOHGOMHKMHcWRKFLKJcKH\GFKMHG”L„NOSVSYMLNO\GdKMbJ TWPG“KHHG]IHG^OHWHYGTIRSHGOIJ\GMLJGTILGYIFGHMNOJGLSGLNOdMKFMYPG“IOFLNOKMHVMNO MLJGKFGKMHGQIHH\GTKHG^JVIHGKMH]IVGLNOdKFGYK`F[H`JGOIJPG‟ILGKF`V[FJ\GdIFW]GKFGLS IWXG ^JVIHG XM″MKFJG MLJG WHTG HMNOJG IWNOG ZFKN`NFSdHG
I„KLG IHYFKMXJ\G TKFG IHG TKH ‛NOdMKFMY`KMJKHG]MHTKLJKHLGK_KHLSGTMKG‛NOWVTGJF[YJGdMKG^JVIHP‥ ‴OIVIGHMN`JKPG‟MKGZKdKMLX‚OFWHYGLNOMKHGMOFGKMHcWVKWNOJKHP ․^WbKFTK]GT‚FXJKG…KVKHcSG”IFIHSMTKG‴KHTKHcKHGOI_KH‥\GKFc[OVJKGEVTIFGdKMJKFP ․EFGX‚OVJGLMNOGRSHG^JVIHGRKFXSVYJP‥
․LJGKLGHMNOJGKOKFGLS\GTIbG^JVIHGRSHGMO]GRKFXSVYJGdMFT′‥GXFIYJKG‴OIVIGMHJKFKLLMKFJP ․IG‧I‥\G]KMHJKGEVTIFGYFMHLKHTPG․‛SG`IHHG]IHGKLGHIJ‚FVMNOGIWNOGLKOKHPGHG‧KTK] ‡IVVG]WbG…KVKHcSGOSNOMHJKVVMYKHJGLKMH\GWHTGTIOKFGIWNOGKMHGQIHHP‥ ․“MKLSGTIL′‥GXFIYJKG‴OIVIP EVTIFGYKHSbGKLGLMNOJVMNO\GLKMHKG†KHHJHMLLKGIWLcWL”MKVKHP ․‛JIJMLJMLNOKG ‣KMOKHWHJKFLWNOWHYKHG OI_KHG KFYK_KH\G TIbG ‡FIWKHG WHTG Q[HHKF IHH[OKFHTG YVKMNOG MHJKVVMYKHJG LMHTPG ZKMG TKHG ‡FIWKHG MLJG TKFG ‟WFNOLNOHMJJLdKFJG KMH dKHMYG OaOKF\G TIX‚FG YM_JG KLG _KMG TKHG Q[HHKFHG OaOKFKG ‛”MJcKHdKFJKG IWXG _KMTKH ‛KMJKH\GIVLSG]KOFGUKHMKLGWHTGIWNOG]KOFG‛NOdINO`a”XKGPPP‥ ‱OIFJG`I]GOKFKMHYKJFSJJKJGWHTGLIOGLKMHKGQWJJKFGOWHYFMYGIHP ․PPPG]IHNO]IVGLSYIFGMHHKFOIV_GKMHKFG‡I]MVMK‥\GXWOFGEVTIFG_SLOIXJGXSFJP ‱OIFJG_K`I]GTMKG‛”MJcKGHMNOJG]MJGWHTGJFSVVJKGLMNO\GHINOTK]G‴OIVIGMO]GKMHG”IIF †K`LKGYKYK_KHGOIJJKPG‛MKGLNO‚JJKVJKGRKFdKMLKHTGTKHG†S”XP ․‛SGKJdILGLSVVJKLJGTWGHMNOJGLIYKH‥\GKF]IOHJKGLMKGMOFKHG‛SOHP ․“KHHGKLGTSNOGdIOFGMLJ‥\G]KMHJKGEVTIFPG․KFcKMO\GKLGdIFGHWFGKMHG‛NOKFcPG^VLS\ …KVKHcSGMLJGKMHG”IFIHSMTKFGQIHHG]MJG‚_KFFIYKHTKFGHJKVVMYKHc\GIWbKFTK]GOIJGKF KMHKHGQMHTKFdKFJMY`KMJL`S]”VK″\GTKHGKFG‚_KF`S]”KHLMKFKHGdMVV\GLSHLJGd‚FTKGKF HMNOJG RKFLWNOKH\G TMKG QINOJG IHG ZSFTG IHG LMNOG cWG FKMbKHP‥G ․‴WJG KFG TIL′G NOG OI_K HMNOJLGTKFYVKMNOKHGYKOaFJP‥ ․“KHHGKFGRKFLWNOJ\G
I„KLGTIcWGcWGcdMHYKH\G^JVIHGI_cWLNOMK_KH\G`IHHG]IHGTIL dSOVG HMNOJG IHTKFLG HKHHKHPG^_KFG dMKG IVVKG KWFSJM`KFG dMFTG KFG MFYKHTdIHHG ‡KOVKF ]INOKHPG‟WGdMFLJGLNOSHGLKOKHP‥ ․UIHcGLMNOKFGdMFTGKFGTIL\G WHYK\GdKHHGTWGKLGLIYLJ‶‥ ]GKFLJKHG^WYKH_VMN`GYVIW_JKGEVTIF\GLKMHKGQWJJKFGdSVVKGMOHGIWXGTKHG^F]GHKO]KHP ^VLG KFG I_KFG MOFG UKLMNOJG LIO\G _KYFMXXG KF\G TIbG KFG LMKG dMKTKFG KMH]IVG MHJKVVK`JWKVV ‚_KFXSFTKFJG OIJJKPG EVTIFG TINOJK\G TIbG KLG LMNOKFVMNOG HMNOJG VKMNOJG dIFG X‚FG KMHKG ‡FIW ]MJJVKFKFG HJKVVMYKHc\G ]MJG KMHK]G ‛SOHG IWLcW`S]]KH\G TKFG LMKG MHJKVVK`JWKVVG dKMJ ‚_KFXV‚YKVJGOIJJKPGEFGHIO]GLMNOGRSF\GMHG…W`WHXJGKMHGdKHMYGF‚N`LMNOJLRSVVKFG]MJGLKMHKF QWJJKFG W]cWYKOKHPG ]G ^WYKH_VMN`G dIFG LMKG IWYKHLNOKMHVMNOG HMNOJG dKMJKF IWXHIO]K_KFKMJPGEFGRKFVMKbGTMKG†‚NOK\GcSYGLMNOGKMHKG IN`KG‚_KFGWHTGRKFVMKbGTMK
“SOHWHY\GW]GKMHGdKHMYGL”IcMKFKHcWYKOKHP ]G HHKFHG TKFG ‛
‰G dIFG KLG FWOMY\G KLG dIFKHG HWFG dKHMYKG QKHLNOKHG IWXG TKH ‰IWX_[HTKFHG WHJKFdKYLPG UKdSOHOKMJL][bMYG LJWTMKFJKG EVTIFG TMKG UKLMNOJKFPG ‟MK ]KMLJKHGdMF`JKHGKMHGdKHMYG_KTF‚N`JP MKVVKMNOJG OIHTKVJKG KLG LMNOG W]G ‰KWJK\G TMKG ‡I]MVMKHIHYKOaFMYKG IHG ZSFTG TKF Q ^‰^QG OIJJKHPG KJcJG ]INOJKHG LMKG LMNOG ‛SFYKHPG UKLNOIOG MOHKHG FKNOJ\G TINOJK EVTIFPG“KHHG]IHGTKHG^F`SHMTKHGXF‚OKFGI_LKFRMKFJGO[JJK\GY[_KGKLGTMKLKLGFS_VK] YIFGHMNOJP ELG d‚FTKG KMHKG “SOVJIJG X‚FG TMKG ‛
‰G LKMH\G dKHHG^JVIHG IWXG M]]KFdMKTKFLKOKH RKFLNOdIHT\GTINOJKGEVTIFP VaJcVMNOG dWFTKG MO]G _KdWbJ\G TIbG KFG TIHHG IWNOG LKMHKHG IJKFG HMNOJG dMKTKFLKOKH d‚FTKPGEMHKGLKVJLI]KG^HYLJG‚_KFXMKVGTKHG‧WHYKHGQIHH\GWHTGKFGLJKVVJKGRKFdMFFJGXKLJ\ TIbGKFGcW]GKFLJKH]IVGLKOFGLJIF`GOSXXJK\GTIbG^JVIHLGE″”KTMJMSHGKMHGEFXSVYGdIFP ‵ •HFWOMYGd[VcJKGLMNOGZFKN`NFSdHG
I„KLGRSHGKMHKFG‛KMJKGIWXGTMKGIHTKFKPG‟KFG‛NOVIX dSVVJKGLMNOGHMNOJGKMHLJKVVKH\GS_dSOVG
I„KLGMOHG_MJJKFGHaJMYGOIJJKP ‛KMHKG UVMKTKFG X‚OVJKHG LMNOG ]IJJG WHTG cKFLNOVIYKHG IHPG ‛KMHKG UKTIH`KH ‚_KFLNOVWYKHGLMNOGM]]KFGdMKTKF\GLKMHG
KFcGLNOVWYG]IVGLNOHKVVKF\G]IVGVIHYLI]KF IVLG ‚_VMNO\G LKMHKG
[HTKG dKNOLKVJKHG MHHKFOIV_G dKHMYKFG QMHWJKHG RSH WHIHYKHKO]KFG‴FSN`KHOKMJGcWGK`VMYKFG[LLKP
I„KLG `H‚VVJKG TILG †S”X`MLLKHG cWLI]]KHPG EFG `SHHJKG HMNOJG LNOVIXKH\G LSVIHYKG KF HMNOJGKMHKGEHJLNOKMTWHYGYKJFSXXKHGOIJJKPG‟MKG^VJKFHIJMRKGdIFGKMHXINOG’GLNOMN`JKGKF KMHKG
MVXLK″”KTMJMSHGVSL\GTMKG^JVIHGLWNOKHGLSVVJK\GSTKFGWHJKFVMKbGKFGTILP INOG LKMHKFG QKMHWHYG dIFG KMHKG LSVNOKG ‣KJJWHYLK″”KTMJMSHG TFMHYKHTG HaJMYPG SH ^JVIHG XKOVJKG ‧KTKLG ‰K_KHLcKMNOKHPG •HTG TILG LKMJG RMKFcKOHG ‴IYKHPG
I„KLG `SHHJK LMNOGHMNOJGRSFLJKVVKH\GdKVNOKGUKXIOFKHGMHGTKFGI]KHVSLKHG…SHKGIWXGTKHG^F`SHMTKH VIWKFJKHG ’G KFG IOHJKG I_KF\G TIbG^JVIHG MHG YFSbKHG ‛NOdMKFMY`KMJKHG LJKN`KHG ]WbJK\ dKHHG KFG LMNOG LSG VIHYKG HMNOJG F‚OFJKPG ‛EE‱^G OIJJKG TMKG ^WXXILLWHYG TKLG
MYO ‛MTKF„JG WHJKFLJ‚JcJPG ‟MKG
„”KFMH”SJFSHM`G OIJJKG HINOTF‚N`VMNOG TKHG ‛JIFJG KMHKL ‣KJJWHYL`S]]IHTSLGYKXSFTKFJGWHTGTMKLKG‡SFTKFWHYGIWNOGIWLYMK_MYG_KYF‚HTKJP ‟MKGUF‚HTKGdIFKHGKMHVKWNOJKHTGWHTGVSYMLNOP
•HTGTSNOP ^HTKFKGEFd[YWHYKHGLJIHTKHGTK]GYKYKH‚_KFG’G`KMHKGVSYMLNOKHGUKLMNOJL”WH`JK\ LSHTKFHGRSVV`S]]KHGMFFIJMSHIVKP ‟MKG‛JM]]WHYGIHGZSFTGdIFGcKFFMLLKHKFGTKHHG‧KPGMKVKG‛SVIHKFGdIFKHG]KOFGSTKF ]MHTKFG SXXKHG OKMVXFSO\G TIbG ]MJG TK]G ^F`SHMTKHG IWNOG KMHG ‴KMVG TKLG ZSFT[FYKFL RKFLNOdWHTKHG dIFPG ZKMG KMHKFG ‣‚N``KOFG ^JVIHLG _KX‚FNOJKJKHG LMKG HKWKG ^`JMSHKH …KVKHcSL\G TKFG LMNOG KMHMYKG QIVKG TKWJVMNOG MHG EFMHHKFWHYG YK_FINOJG OIJJKPG EMHMYK ‛SVIHKFGTF‚N`JKHGMOFKG^WXXILLWHYGLKOFG`VIFGIWLG’GSOHKG^JVIHGdKHMYKFG‷FYKF\GIVLS XSFJG]MJG^JVIHP ELG YI_G HSNOG O[FJKFKG ^WXXILLWHYKHPG †HI””G cW]G ^WLTFWN`G YK_FINOJ\G VMKXKHG LMK TIFIWXGOMHIWL\GTIbG‧KTKFGKFLWNO\GTMKGQ ^‰^QGIWXcWLJa_KFH\GKMHK]GKFFIJGIH TKHGHJKFKLLKHGTKFG‛
‰GYVKMNO`I]PG‟IbGTMKGQ ^‰^QGHMNOJGcWF‚N`YK`KOFJGdIF\ RKFFMKJG ‧KTK]\G TIbG KLG MHG TKFG I]KHVSLKHG …SHKG LKOFG YKX[OFVMNOG cWYMHYPG ^WL dKVNOK]GUFWHTGLSVVJKG]IHGTIGIWNOGHSNOGTMKGYIHcKG‛
‰GMHGTKHG‛JFWTKVGTMKLKF UKXIOFKHG OMHKMH]IHaRFMKFKH′G ELG YI_G LSYIFG …„HM`KF\G TMKG TMKG TFKMLJKG ‴OKLK IWXLJKVVJKHG’GdKHHGKLGTK]GLSHLJGLSGKFXSVYFKMNOKHG^JVIHGHMNOJGYKVIHY\GTILG`VKMHK ‛NOMXXGQ ^‰^QGIWLGTKFGUKXIOFGOKFIWLcW]IHaRFMKFKH\GTIHHGdIFGKFGKLGIWNOGHMNOJ dKFJ\GTIbG]IHGLKMHKJdKYKHGTMKGYIHcKG‛
‰GIWXLG‛”MKVGLKJcJKP
I„KLG dMLNOJKG LMNOG TKHG ‛NOdKMbG RSHG TKFG ‛JMFHPG EFG LNOIVJKJKG TMK INOJ_KVKWNOJWHYG KMHG WHTG HIO]G KMHKHG ‛NOVWN`G ‡FWNOJLIXJ\G W]G LMNOG I_cW`‚OVKHP ‰KMLKG[NOcKHTGLIH`GKFGIWXGLKMHGZKJJGcWF‚N`P “KHHG]IHGHWFGKMHKG_FIWNO_IFKG‛”WFGYKXWHTKHGO[JJK\GW]G…KVKHcSGIWXcWLJa_KFHP “IFG TMKLKFG •HFWOKLJMXJKFG KFLJG YKXIbJ\G TIHHG d‚FTKG TKFG MHHKFKG “MTKFLJIHTG ]MJ KMHK]G‛NOVIYGcWLI]]KH_FKNOKHP ZFKN`NFSdHG
I„KLG`IHHJKGTMKG‛”MKVFKYKVHGTKFGQINOJP MKVKG‛SVIHKFG’GdIOFLNOKMHVMNOGTMKGQKOFOKMJG’GdIFKHGTWFNOIWLGcWXFMKTKHGTI]MJ\ TIbG
I„KLGKMHKHGYFSbKHG‴KMVGTKFGKFIHJdSFJWHYGX‚FGTILG‛NOMXXG‚_KFHS]]KHGOIJJKP ‟IbGLMKGMO]GRKFJFIWJKH\GLJIHTGIWbKFOIV_G‧KTKFG‟ML`WLLMSHPG^WXGTKFGIHTKFKHG‛KMJK ]Mb_MVVMYJKHGLMKGTMKGQINOJ\GTMKG
I„KLGTITWFNOG_KLIbPGQIHNO]IVG`I]KHGLMKGMO] RSFGdMKG WYKHTVMNOK\GTMKG‧KGHINOG‰IWHKGWHTG‛INORKFOIVJGIVLGEFdINOLKHKGYKVJKH WHTGLKV_LJRKFLJ[HTVMNOGOIHTKVHGdSVVJKHG’GdKHHGKLG_KML”MKVLdKMLKGW]GH[NOJVMNOKH ^WLYIHYG WHTG ‷OHVMNOKLG YMHYG ’\G TMKG IWXG TKFG IHTKFKHG ‛KMJKG YKFHG IWXG MOFKH ‧WYKHTVMNOKHG‛JIJWLGRKFdMKLKH\GdKHHGKLGW]GV[LJMYKGXVMNOJKHGYMHYP
I„KLG `IHHJKG TIL\G WHTG KFG RKFWFJKMVJKG KLG HMNOJPG EFG OIJJKG MHG TMKLK]G ^VJKFG HMNOJ IHTKFLG YKOIHTKVJ\G TILG YKOaFJKG KMHXINOG TIcWPG ‟MKG TWFNOIWLG RKFYVKMNO_IFKH FS_VK]K\GTMKGTKFG
MYOG‛MTKF„JG‧KJcJG]MJGKMHKFGcMK]VMNOGVIWJLJIF`KHG
””SLMJMSHGIH ZSFTG OIJJK\G VILJKJKG
I„KLG TKHG ‛SVIHKFHG HMNOJG IHPG EFG `SHHJKG LMNOG TWFNOIWL RSFLJKVVKH\GTIbGKFG[OHVMNOGOIHTKVHGWHTGFKTKHGd‚FTKP “KHHGKFG‧KJcJGKMHKG‣KJJWHYLK″”KTMJMSHGLJIFJKJK\Gd‚FTKGKFGTMKLKGZ‚FYKFGTKFG‛
‰ RSFGTKHG†S”XGLJSbKHG’GWHTGTILGMHGYIHcG_KLSHTKFK]GQIb\GdKHHGTMKLKGE″”KTMJMSH QKHLNOKHVK_KHG`SLJKJKP “MKG
I„KLGTILGFS_VK]GIWNOGTFKOJKGWHTGdKHTKJKG’GKMHG‴KMVGTKFG‛SVIHKFGd‚FTK LKMHG SFYKOKHG MHG ‧KTK]G ‡IVVG ]Mb_MVVMYKHPG …WFG …KMJG dIFKHG VKMTKFG TMKG †FMJM`KFG TKL ^JVIH†WFLKLGMHGTKFG‹_KFcIOVP ZFKN`NFSdHG
I„KLGLJIHTGIWXPGEFG_KYIHH\GIWXGLKOFGdKMNOKHGZKMHKHGMHGTKFG†I_MHK IWXGWHTGI_GcWGYKOKHP ‟MKG ‰IYKG KFXSFTKFJKG ‡MHYKFL”MJcKHYKX‚OVPG ‟MKG ‛SVIHKFG OIJJKHG ]IHNOKG MOHKH WHRKFLJ[HTVMNOKG EHJLNOKMTWHYG YKLNOVWN`J\G dKMVG LMKG
I„KLG RKFJFIWJG OIJJKHPG KJcJ I_KFGXSFTKFJKHGLMKG]MJGIVVK]GINOTFWN`\GTIbG
I„KLGMOFKG“‚HLNOKG_KXSVYJK\GS_GKL MO]GMHGTKHG†FI]G”IbJKGSTKFGHMNOJPG KJcJGdIFGKFGIHGTKFG‣KMOK\GKMHKGWH”S”WV[FK EHJLNOKMTWHYGcWGLNOVWN`KHP ^WNOGdKHHGQKHLNOKHVK_KHGTI_KMGYKX[OFTKJGdWFTKHG’GTILGdIFGH[]VMNOGIWNOG_KM TKHGXF‚OKFKHGEHJLNOKMTWHYKHGTKLG
MYOG‛MTKF„JGTKFG‡IVVGYKdKLKHP ZFKN`NFSdHG
I„KLG]WF]KVJKGKMHKGKFd‚HLNOWHYPGEFGXIHTG`KMHKG‰aLWHYGX‚FGTIL FS_VK]P EFG]WbJKGKMHKGEHJLNOKMTWHYGX[VVKHGPPPGELGLKMGTKHH\GLMKGdWFTKGMO]GI_YKHS]]KHP EHJdKTKFGTWFNOGKMHKG`VIFKGHXSF]IJMSH\GTIbGTMKGQ ^‰^QGRKFVSFKHGdIFP
TKFGTITWFNO\GTIbG^JVIHG]MJGLKMHKHG‰KWJKHGIHGZSFTGcWF‚N``KOFJKP …KVKHcSGd‚FTKGTIHHGHIJ‚FVMNOGJS_KHPG․‛SVVGKFGPPP‥\G]WF]KVJKGZFKN`NFSdHG
I„KLPGEF _KLNOVSb\GTILGFS_VK]GcWGRKFYKLLKHGWHTGKFLJGKMH]IVGcWGLNOVIXKHPG‟KFGHKWKG‴IY `SHHJKG]IHNOKGKF[HTKFWHYG_FMHYKHP UWJKGWHTGLNOVKNOJKP
4564
WXYZX[\]X^Z\X_\Y`\ab`c\def\cX[\ghX`ZXiX[\cX[\jkl\mYZn opYZi_\cX[\q[X`rstu^ZX[ vw`\xbyz{|`]w\}yXX |m~[X__imn \w~[Y]^Z\cX[\k[Y]Y`bybi_]bhX\h\fbhXy{gwXsY]\hX[yb]\}qi\jb_ZbZZ ^Xk[XcbzZYw`n\}ybi_\lm\x[Yuz \w~[Y]^Z\cX[\Xawwz{gi_]bhX\h\[XbcX[_~yb`XZ\qmhni\fb__bii\oppqi\XY`X lYrX`rbi_]bhX\mYZ qX`X^mY]i`]\cX[\fbhXy{gwXsY]\hX[yb]\}qi\jb_ZbZZ
