Oxford Supplementary Skills: Elementary

A-PDF MERGER DEMO

ROSEMARY SCOTT

E L E M E TN A R Y

O X F O R DS U P P L E M E N T A SRKYI L L S SERIES EDITOR:ALAN MALEY

PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY

Oxford University Press WaltonStreet,OxfordOX26DP Oxford NewYork Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Calcutta CapeTown Dar esSalaamDelhi FlorenceHongKong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto in andassociated companies Berlin Ibadan Oxford and.Orford EWlish are trade marks of O#ord University Press ISBN0 194534006 @Oxford Universify Press1987 First published1987 Fifth impression1994 No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved.No part of this publicationmay be reproduced,storedin a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical,photocopying,recgrdrng,or otherwise, without the prior written permissionof Oxford University Press. This book is sold subjectto the conditionthat it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise,be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwisecirculatedwithout the publisher's prior consentin any form of binding or coverother than that in which it is publishedand without a similar conditionincluding this conditionbeing imposedon the subsequentpurchaser. Setby PromenadeGraphicsLtd, Cheltenham Printed in Hong Kong

Illustrationsby: RobertAltham JudyBrown JohnCooper CbristyanJones DavidMurray Sue Scullard Katie Thomas The publisherswouldlike to thankthe followingfor their permissionto usephotographs: Ash CameraPress ExpressNewspapers Library FolgerShakespeare Impact InternationalDefenceandAid Fundfor SouthAfrica Just Seventeen MadameTussauds Network FionaPragoff Rex Features BirthplaceTrust The Shakespeare

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to RachelBelgrave, Director of the RegentSchoolof Englishfor all her help and advice,and to teachersat the Regent School,Oxford Street for testing the materials. Acknowledgementsare also madeto the followingwriters and publishers for permissionto use texts which fall within their copyright: CaroleLynn Corbin and Franklin Watts Ltd for an extract from Lennon (198a); ElizabethGrant SutherlandOctopusBooks Limited for extracts from WhoKilled Harry Oahes?;Adrian Henri for the poem'TalkingAfter ChristmasBlues'fromThe MerseySound (1967);Here'sHealthMagazinefor'Diet Profile'andthe texts on hypnotherapyand teenagesmoking;InternationalDefenceandAid Fund for South Africa for an extractfromNelson Mandela: The Struggleis My Life; JwstSeuenteen for'It's a Living'; Oleg Kerensky and GuinnessSuperlativesLtd for an extract fromGuinness Guide to Ballet (1981);PlantagenetSomersetFry andBell & HymanLtd for an extract fromThe ZebraBook of FamowsWomen;PhilippaStew and WaylandPublishingfor an extract from Shakespeare and his Theatre(1973):SueTownsendandMethuenfor an extractfromThe SecretDiary of Adrian Mole Aged 13*(1982);Peter Watsonand Hutchinson& Co for an extract from Twins; WaylandPublishersLtd 'Welcome for to Britain' from London Life.

CONTENTS Foreword uii Introductionto the teacher 1 LOVE 2 I Spring 2 DiaryofAdrianMoleagedlfi 4 2 TheSecret 3 Lovinga cat 6 4 Loveor money? 8 5 Wherehasmy lovegone? 10 2 LIFESTYLES 12 1 Whichfamilywouldyouchoose? 12 2 The 'city gent' 14 3 A femalebusdriver 16 4 A royallife 18 5 Life in Bhutan 20 3 MINDANDBODY 22 1 Howimportantis your diet? 22 2 Hypnotherapy 24 3 Doesyourteenagedaughtersmoke? 26 4 Twins 28 4 FAMOUSNAMES 30 l. Violentdeath 30 2 WilliamShakespeare32 3 Nureyev 34 4 MadameTussaud 36 5 NelsonMandela 38 5 CRIMEANDPUNISHMENT40 Oakes?Part 1 40 WhokilledSirHarry Oakes?Part2 42 WhokilledSirHarry Oakes?Part3 44 WhokilledSirHarry Part4 46 WhohilledSirHarryOakes? Key 48

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This series covers the four skill areasofListening, Speaking, Readingand Writing at four levels - elementary,intermediate, upper-intermediateand advanced.Althoughwe have decidedto retain the traditionaldivisionof languageuse into the 'four skills', the skills are not treated in total isolation.In any given book the skill being dealt with serves as thefocus of attention andis always interwoven with and supportedby other skills. This enablesteachers to concentrateon skills developmentwithout losingtouch with the more complexreality of languageuse. Our authorshave had in commonthe followingprinciples,that materialshouldbe: o creative- both through author-creativityleadingto interesting materials, and through their capacityto provoke creative responsesfrom students; . interesting - both for their cognitiveand affectivecontent, and for the activities required of the learners; r fluency-focused- bringingin accuracywork only in so far as it is necessaryto the completionof an activity; o task-based- rather than engagingin closedexerciseactivities, to use tasks with pay-offsfor the learners; o problem-solvingfocused- so as to engagestudentsin cognitive effort and thus provoke meaningfulinteraction; o humanistic- in the sensethat the materialsspeakto and interrelate with the learnersas real peopleand engagethem in interactiongroundedin their own experience; o learning-centred- by ensuringthat the materialspromote learningand help studentsto developtheir own strategiesfor learning.This is in oppositionto the view that a pre-determined content is taught and identicallyinternalizedby all students.In our materialswe do not expect input to equalintake. By ensuringcontinuingconsultationbetween and amongauthorsat different levels, andby piloting the materials,the levels have been establishedon a pragmaticbasis.The fact that the authors,between them, sharea wide andvaried body of experiencehasmadethis possiblewithout losingsight of the need to pitch materialsand tasks at an attainablelevel while stil allowingfor the spiceof challenge. There are three main ways in which these materialscanbe used: . as a supplementto a core coursebook; . as self-learningmaterial. Most of the books canbe used on an individualbasiswith a minimumof teacherguidance,thoughthe interactive elementis thereby lost. . as modularcoursematerial. A teachermight, for instance,combine intermediateListening andSpeakingbooks with upperintermediateReading andelementary Writing with a classwhich hada goodpassiveknowledgeof Englishbut whichneededa basic groundingin writing skills. (Alan Maley, Madras H8A

FOREWORD

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Structure of book INTRODUCTION The book is dividedinto five units, eachcontainingfour or five TOTHE sectionson the sametheme. The themes are:.Loue,Lifestyles,Mind and body,Famous names,Crime andpunishment. TEACHER Eachunit is similar in length and containstexts that are on the whole, short and of the samelinguisticsuitability.Where a text is slightly more demanding,the tasks are not, and it is hopedthat by the time studentsreach the last chapterthey will have acquiredthe strategiesnecessaryto cope with a more complextext. Chapter5 is different in style from the other four in that it is a crime story dividedinto four parts. This is a deliberatechoiceto give the studentsthe opportunity to read and respondto a lengthy narrative. Choice of texts The choiceof texts was made accordingto the followingcriteria: reading Responsiae Many readingskills booksfocus on readingfor informationthrough the exploitationof maps, diagrams,timetables,etc. While this type of functionalreadingbook has its place,the aim of this book is to provide the kind of text which encouragesresponsivereading through exposureto a variety of extracts of written discourse includingpoetry. Generalappeal The texts have been selectedfor their generalappealand an effort hasbeen made to provide a wide range of topics. Skills The texts are suitablefor providingpracticein the followingskills: Operational scanninga text in order to get a generalimpression. Macrolinguistic recognizingthe topic sentenceof a paragraphand then being ableto identify the functionof it. Microlinguistic deducingthe meaningof unfamiliar words by relating them to words alreadyknown. Authenticity Authentic texts can be discouragingfor foreign languagelearners becauseof linguisticdifficulty and length. The texts and their accompanyingtasks are designedto build up the students'confidence in dealingwith authenticmaterial. Communication The texts are designedto generatefurther communicativeuse of languagein that studentsrespondto them through oral interactionor short, written activities (which provide an integratedskills approach to reading).

Choiceof tasks The linguisticlevel and demandsof the tasks reflect the linguistic content of the text, i. e. where the text is not unduly 'difflcult' linguisticallythe tasks are relatively demanding;where the text is linguisticallydemandingthe tasks have been gradeddown appropriately. The tasks tend to fall into the followingcategories: Pre-readingand predictiontasks The aim of the pre-readingtasks is to arousestudent interest in the topic. This is done by elicitinginformation(thus drawingon students' knowledgeof the world), discussinga picture or the title of the text or by doinga questioruraire. Globalreadingtasks The tasks demandthat studentsread quickly to acquirean overall impressionof the text. There is a pre-questionto focuson or a postquestionaskingfor a very brief summaryof the text. There are often True/Falsetasks basedon the globalreading.The emphasison these tasks is to encouragethe studentsto read for gist andto demonstrate how a text can be read and understoodwithout understandingevery word. Intensiae reading tasks Here the students are required to take a more in-depthlook at the text by completingtasks which includereferenceexercises, identifyingparagraphtopics, recognizingdiscoursemarkers and sequencingof events. The aim is to help studentsto see how a text hangstogether. Vocabularytasks One of the main aims of the book is that studentslearn how to cope with unknownlexicalitems. Where the vocabularytask is one of the first tasks it is becausethe knowledgeof particularitems is essential for further reading; where the vocabularytask is after the globaland intensivereadingit is becauseunknownlexicalitems will probably not impedeoverall understanding.Vocabularyis dealt with in a variety of ways, e.g. through identifyingsynonyms,by re-phrasingor by providingthe sameword in a different context for identification. R esponsiue readingtashs The last task in eachunit is designedto provide an opportunityfor studentsto discusstheir reactionsto particularpoints arisingfrom the text, to draw on their knowledgeof the world in expressing opinions/ideasand as often as possibleto do this through communicativeinteractionwith a oartner. Suggestedlessonplan One way of presentinga text is shown on the next page.A similar approachcouldbe usedfor other lessons.

PLANFOREXPLOITING LIFEIN BHUTAN SUGGESTED STAGE TASK 1 Warm up

TEACHERACTIVITY

STUDENTACTIVITY

Ask studentsif they know/canguess where Bhutanis. If a student does know, the others can ask her/him questionsabout it.

Books closed

2

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Tell studentsto open booksand explain Task 1. After 2 or 3 minutes ask studentsfor their answersand write them on boardfor use in Stage4.

StudentsdiscussTask 1 in pairs and write answersin note form.

3

2

ExplainTask 2 and give vocabulary necessary,e.g. archery, bows and arrows. New vocabularycanbe written on board.

Studentslook at picture and discuss Task 2 in pairs.

4

3

Remindstudentsof informationelicited in Stage2 (on board). Tell studentsthey are goingto read a text about Bhutan. Get them to anticipatethe kind of informationit could contain,e.g. the people,politics,etc. Tell studentsnot to worry aboutunfamiliarvocabularyin this Task. AJter reading, tell them to do Task 4 as a discussionexercise (in pairs).

4

Studentsread text and discuss questionsin Task 4. They should comparetheir answerswith what they had anticipatedin Task 1.

5

5

StudentsshouldnowdoTask5 by first re-readingthe text carefully.Teacher checksanswers(classactivitv).

Studentswrite answersto Task5 andcomparewith a partner.

6

6

Divide classinto smallgroupsto discuss Task 6. The last part of the lessonshouldbe devoted to a feedbacksessionwhere the whole classcanexchangeideas. Somereferencework would be worthwhile before this, henceTask 7. Part of Task 7 couldbe done for homework.

Studentsdiscusstheir opinionsand feelingsin groups. Task 7 can be doneindividuallyor in groups.The task will enablestudents to supplementthe ideasthey expressed in Task 6 for the finalfeedbacksession.

7

Homework You have the opportunity of meeting someonewho has been to Bhutan, what questionswill you ask them? Write them down.

1 Spring Task 1 o What is your favourite season? . Why do you like it best? o Why are the seasonsimportant? Canyou think of words andphrasesfor eachof the seasons?List them below.

Spring

Summer

Autumn

Winter

Love Think about this or discussit in pairs. Autumnis often describedas a'melancholic'time.Canyou explain why? 'hope'. Canyou explainwhy? Spring is often describedas a time of Task 2 Look at the picture.

Can you nameany birds and animalsyou see in spring?List them below.

Unit 1

2

Canyou name any spring flowers?What coloursare they?

The poem is called1So Liked Spring. o What do you think it will be about? . Do you think it will be a happypoem? Task 3 Readthe poem slowly. I So Liked Spring I so lihed Spring lastyear Becauseyowwerehere;The thrushestooBecauseit was theseyou so liked to hearI so lihedyow. This year's a dffirent thing, I'll not think ofyou. But I'll like Spring becauseit is sinply Sfrinq As the thrushesfui. CharlotteMew Task 4 Readthe poem againand answer the questionsbelow. 1 2 3 4 5 6

What do you think'thrushes'arein lines3 and8? Whichword helpedyou to understand'thrushes'? 'I'in the poem?Who is 'you'? Who is Why did the writer fike springlast year? Why do you think'This year's a different thing'? Will the writer enjoy spring againthis year?

Task 5 Discussthe followingin pairs. . Is the poem a happyone?Why or why not? . Do you think the poem is optimistic or pessimistic?Why? Task 6 . Canyou think of a poem in your own languageabout the seasons? Is it similar to this one? . Describe the seasonsin your country. . Try to write your own poem about one of the seasons.

Unit 1

2 TheSecretDiaryof AdrianMoleaged13f This is the title of a very popularbook aboutthe daily life and feelings of a thirteen-year-oldboy. It is written in the form of a diary. Task I Discussin pairs. 1 What kind of card is this? 2 When do peoplesendcardslike this? 3 Why do peoplesend cardslike this?

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Task 2 Before readingAdrian's diary, try andanswer the questionsbelow. I

Paulineis a Adrian's mother b Adrian'ssister c Adrian's teacher d Adrian's girlfriend.

2 When Paulinegot the card she was a happy b angry c embarrassed d afraid.

3 The card was from a Adrian b Adrian's father c a friend of his mother's d his brother. Task 3 Now read Adrian'sdiary oppositeandcheckyour answersto Task 2. How many Valentine'sDay cardsare there in the text?

Unit I February 14th- StValentine's Day Saturday I onlygotoneValentine's Daycard.lt wasinmymother's handwriting so it doesn't count.Mymother hada massive carddelivered. lt wassobig thata GP0vanhadto bringit to thedoor, Shewentallredwhenshe andsawthecard.lt wasdeadgood. opened theenvelope There wasa holding a bunch flowers initstrunkanda bigsatinelephant of plastic coming outofitsmouth Honey Bun!| ain'tnever bubble saying'Hi, justdrawings gonna wasnonamewritten forgetyoul'There inside, of 'Pauline' written inside hearts with them.Myfather's cardwasverysmall flowers andhada bunchof purple onthefront.Myfatherhadwritten on 'Let'stryagain.' HereisthepoemI wroteinside Pandora's theinside caro. Pandora! I adoreya. I imploreye Don'tignoreme. knowit wasfromme. I wroteit left-handed sothatshewouldn't Task4 Findthe wordsandphrasesbelowin the diary.Thenfindthe other wordsin the diarywhichrefer to them.The first oneis donefor you.

1@[qE 2@tlE 3 l a m a s s i v e c a r| d |

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6ilt_lE Task 5 Readthe text againslowly and discussthese questions: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Was Adrian happywith his card? How did his mother feel abouther card? Why did his father sendhis mother a smallcard? 'Let's The father's card said try again'.Let's try what again? What word in the text tells us that Adrian loves Pandora? Do you think Pandoraloves Adrian? Canyou explainthe poem to Pandorain your own words?

Task 6 Why do peoplekeep diaries?Write a diary entry for a specialday.

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Unit I

6

3 Lovingacat

Task I Look at these words andphraseswhich describecats. Which are positive and which are negative? furry quick

clever loving

playful hunters

quiet lazy independent killers (of birds andmice)

aboveto tell yourpartnerhowyoufeelabout Nowusethe vocabulary cats.Youmaywrite it first if youwish. Task2 Whatdoyouknowaboutcats? 1 2 3 4 5

TRUE E I I I I

FALSE tr I f] I t]

Catscan'tdiewhentheyfallfroma highplace. Ail catshave18toes. Catslike coldweather. Catsdon'tstartfightswith dogs. Catspurr onlywhenthey'rehappy.

Unit I

Now read the text below and checkvour answers. Somepeoplelove children, somepeoplelove cats. The ancient Eglptians and the Chineseworshippedtheir cats and cats have been useful to us sincethe beginningof time. We say a cat has nine lives but in fact, a cat candie after a fall from a high tree for example.Most cats have five toes on their forefeet andfour on their hindfeet, but sometimesyou canfind a cat with seventoes on one foot. Other interesting facts aboutcats are that they are just as happyin snow as they are by a fire, and if they meet a dog when they are out it will not be the cat that starts a fight. And if a cat is hurt in sucha fight - or elsewhere- you will hear it purr. Task 3 Discussthe following statements.Are they superstitionor fact? . o o .

Catsbring goodluck. Cats lick behindtheir ears when it's going to rain. Cats run round in circles before an earthquake. Witches need black cats.

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Task4 Finda poemaboutananimalandexplainto the classwhatit is about.

Unit I

B

4 Loveor monev? Task1 Readthe followingtext andthenanswerthe question. Whatis a surrogatemother? Britain's first commercialsurrogatebaby was born to Mrs Kim Cotton in 1985and sold to a childlessAmericancouple.Mrs Cotton was offered S6,500through an agencyfor the baby and S15,000by a newspaperfor the story. Many peopletlink commercialsurrogacyis wrong but Kim Cotton wanted money and havinga baby for someoneelse was one way of getting it. However, a committeewas quickly set up to look into the rights and wrongs of commercialsurrogacyand it is now illegal. There was a lot of publicity at the birth of the baby. As soon as she was born, the daughterand her mother were photographedby the press and then separatedfor ever. The baby was flown out of the country without the naturalmother havingthe satisfactionof handingher over to the parents. PerhapsKim Cotton will haveregrets aboutdoingwhat she did, but at the moment she feels she has done the right thing. But what about'Baby'Cotton.How will shefeel when sheis old enoughto understand?Will she feel her mother loved money more than her daughter?

Task2 Readthe text again.Whatis yourreactionto the story? Task3 Answerthe followingquestions. TRUE FALSE

1f]

I

2Z 3I 4 tr

tr tr I

Commercialsurogacy is now againstthe law. The mother kept the birth a secret. The mother met the Americancouple. Kim Cotton is sorry she soldher baby.

Task 4 What do you think? Discussthese questionsin pairs. 1 2 3 4

Why did Kim Cotton get so much money? Why was commercialsurrogacymadeillegal? Why was there a lot of publicity? Why does Kim Cotton haveno regrets?

Unit 1

Task 5 In pairsdiscusspossibleanswersto the four questionsbelow. What kind of womanwould be a surrogatemother? a A woman without any feelings. b A very poor woman. c A womanwho really wanted to help other people. Did she feel any love for her baby? a No, she did not. b Yes, she must have,but did not want to showit. c Perhaps,but sheknew shecouldnot keepher. How will she (the child)feel when she is old enoughto understand? a She may try to find her real mother. b She will be very upset. c It will make no differenceto her. Will she feel her mother loved money more than her daughter? a Possibly,but perhapsshe shouldnot be told that shewas sold. b No, she will understandwhat her mother did. c Yes, and this will make her hate her mother. Task 6 Shouldadoptedchildrenknow who their naturalparentsarelwere? Discussin pairs and then prepare a short talk on this topic.

Unit I

10

5 Wherehasmy lovegone? Task I Look at the picture carefully.Describethe peopleand the atmosphere.

Task2 with Christmas? Whichof the wordsbelowdowe normallvassociate YES 1 I 2 = 3 n 4 tr 5 E 6 tr 7 Z 8 n n I 10 tr

NO I tr I t] tr tl tl I n f]

night stocking seaside applesandoranges dinner hughing loneliness brandy unhappiness nutsandraisins

Whichof the wordsabovedo you think will be in the followingpoem aboutChristmas? Do you thinkthe poemwill be a happyone?

Unit 1

Task 3 Now read the poem and try to fill in the missingwords. Then compareit with your ideasabout Christmasin Task 2. Adrian Henri's Talking After Christmas Blues WellI woheup this rnornin' it was ChristmasDay And thebirds weresinging thenxght. . . . . . I saw my stochinglying on thechair Lookedright to thebottombwtyou u)eren't therenas apples oranges chocolates .. . aftershaue -butno you. SoI went downstairsand thedinner wasfine There waspudding and turkey and lotsof . . . . . . And I pwlledthosecrackerswith a laughtngface Till I saw therewasno onein your therewas mmceprcs brandy nuts and raisins . . . mashedbotato -but no you. Task 4 Look at the poem again.Find words associatedwith Christmasand put them into the columnsbelow.

Task5 Discussthe questions below. 1 Whois 'I'? 2 Whois'you'? 3 Whereis'you'? 4 Is 'I'happy? 5 Whathashappened? Task6 Write a paragraph aboutanimportantfestivalin yourcountry.

11

1 Whichfamilywouldyouchoose? Many foreign studentscome to Britain eachyear to study English at a languageschooland to live in an English-speakingfamily. Sometimesstudentsare happy, sometimesthey are not. Some languageschoolstry to help by sendrngout a questionnaireto be completedin advance. Task 1

Lifestyles

You are goingto stay with an English-speakingfamily. Completethe questionnairebelow. Whichnumberis most importantto you?Discussyour answersin Dalrs.

FAMILY QUESTIONNAIRE Doyouwant:

No

Don't rnind

1 A family without smallchildren. 2 A singleroom. 3 A televisionin your room. 4 Breakfastin bed. 5 A housewhere you can smoke.

Task 2 Below is a guide to familiesin Britain. Readit quickly and grade the or ****. families:*, **, *** HOST FAMILIES GUIDE OK)

R?llror

Two-car family. Boat and horse. Frequent parties. Englishbreakfaston Sundays.

flf,*g N f-ffi* i'nH 5 rer

Husbandand wife at work. Own front-door kev. Main activitv: TV. Swimmingpool. Servants.Visits to and from aristocracy.Must like caviar. Must like dogs.Possiblityof sharedroom. Two baths a week. Eggs for breakfast.

13

Unit 2

Do you think the guideis serious?Why? Readthe guide againand then answer the questionsbelow. Which family would you chooseif you: 1 2 3 4 5

like sport? hke meeting people? like high society? like being alone? are an animallover?

Task 3 Below are cofirrnentsmadeby overseasstudentsabout the families they stayed with in England.In pairs discusswhat they suggest. . 'I recommendthis family becausethe womanspeaksa lot.' . 'My landladyis the best cook in England.' . 'Swissstandard.' . 'Recommendedfor peoplecomingfrom a northern country rather than a Latin one.' 6 l a h - 9 l a h- B l a h- B t a h 6lah-6lqh-Blal,-6la^ 9lah -9lc^- Slah -91

B \ q h-,B \ " h - 9 1 " r.^- . .

Task 4 If you were ableto chooseone of these families,which one would you chooseand why? Write your reasonsin a short paragraph.

Untt 2

1,4

2 The'citygent Task 1 . o . . .

Describe the man in the picture. What do you think'hedoes? Where doeshe work? Does he look like a businessman in your country? Do you think most men enjoy dressinglike this?

Task 2 Readthe magazinearticle quickly andfind words which mean: 1 fashionable(paragraph1) 2 travel into town every day (paragraph2) 3 group of peopledressedthe same(paragraph3) 'London Life'. Londonis sucha There is really no suchthing as huge city, and so many peoplelive there, that the life of the city is madeup of many different elements.There are smallvillage communities,working-classvillagecommunities,'trendy' areas suchas Chelseaand Fulham, quiet residentialdistricts - all sorts of ways of life are encompassedby the great metropolis. Let's start with life in the City. Just over half a million peoplecommuteinto the City of London eachmorning to work in this great financialcentre. This 'rush hour'. is the famous On the 07.25 tranfrom Warlinghamor Bromley, or perhaps from Brighton on the south coast, is the familiarsight of the 'city gent'on his way to work, regularas clockwork.Dressedin bowler hat, white-collarshirt and dark, sometimespin-striped suit, he silently reads the pnk Financial Times, occasionally noddingto someregular fellow-traveller. Someolder members of the bowler-hat brigadeeven insist on their specialseatson the train, perhapsoccupiedfor twenty-five years.

Task 3 Look carefullyat the map of London opposite.What is the difference between'the City' andLondon? Readparagraphs1 and2 agan. f

Find four referencesto the citv of London. London 0ine 1)

2 Now find 2 referencesto the City. City of London

Unit2

Task 4 Put these words andphrasesfrom the text into the appropriate columns. rush hour, pin-striped suit, the 07.25 train, regular as clockwork, quiet residentialdistricts, occasionallynodding,F inancial Times, many different elements

Task 5 Discussthe followingin pairs. o Is the atmosphereon the train the samein your country? . If you lived in England,would you like to commuteto work from a smalltown or village, or live andwork in London? . Do peoplein your country wear specialclothesfor special occasions? . Would you like a job where you had to wear a uniform? o What are the advantagesand disadvantagesof schooluniforms? Task 6 Write a short descriptionof a typical day in your life.

15

Unit 2

16

3 A femalebusdriver Task I Discussthe followingin pairs. o Is the life of a bus driver easy? o Is it more difficult to be a femalebus driver? . Do bus drivers need any particularqualities? Task 2 Readthe magazinearticle quickly and answer the questionson the next page.

'I

IT'S A LIVING

started off as a conductorbut becamea bus driver becausethe conductorsare graduallybeingphasedout. If you join as a driver you have to undergoa strict medicalto make sure you're completelyfit, and you must have a cleandriving licence.You go to the training schoolfor four weeks to learn how to control a bus; the skid patches are the worst. There are regular progress checksand at the end of it all, you take the test. I was lucky, I passedfirst time. 'I usuallydrive for aboutsevenhours a day with breaksin between.My basicpay is S120a week but you get unsociablepay dependingon your shifts. I also get free tube andbus travel. 'Somemen drivers think becauseyou're young andnew they can cut you up and teaseyou but generallyI get on well with them. It's much easier to drive a bus than a car. You're much higher up so you can see the traffic jams miles ahead,andpeopleand cars move out of your way. 'I often have little old ladiesget off the bus andhobbleall the way round to the front of the bus to speakto me. I think they're goingto moanbut they say how they admiremy driving. It's really uplifting, especiallyif I'm feelingmiserable.' JulietMoss

Unit 2

17

YES NO 1 f tr 2 Z I 3 I 4 I

I

WasJulietalwaysadriver? Does she ever get more than SI20 aweek? Does she like men drivers?

I

Do old ladieslike her?

Task 3 Look at paragraph1 again.Write four things that you must do to becomea bus driver. Task 4 Look at the rest of the text. Find words or phraseswhich tell us that: 1 2 3 4 5 6

she works dffirenthotrs . . . she doesn'tpaywhen she is a passenger. . . somemen drivers like to makefun of her . . . old ladieswalk with diffi.culty. she thinks old ladiesare goingto complain . . . shefeelsgoodwhen she is told she is a good driver . . .

Task 5 Discussthe following questionsin pairs. . Do you have femalebus drivers in your country? o What are the disadvantagesof working on buses? . Which do you think is easier, to be a bus driver or a taxi driver? Task 6 Imagineyou have been invited to go on a two-week coachholidayto another country with a friend. You are not sure whether to go or not. Write down two lists, one of the advantagesand one of the disadvantagesof sucha holiday.Discussthem with the class.

Unit 2

18

4 A royallife Task 1 How much do you know about PrincessDiana?Do you think these statementsare true or false? TRUE

FALSE

1 I 2 Z

I I

3 [ 4 fI

I I

Dianalikes to drive her own car. Shehasneverhadajob. Shenow lives in BuckinghamPalace. Shehastwodaughters.

Task 2 Readthe text below aboutPrincessDiana.Then do the task below. From the moment the world set eyes on Diana, she has been the focus of internationalattention. Her beauty, her aristocratic backgroundand her role as the future Queenof Englandhave perhapsgiven the RoyalFamily a new dimension. 'the girl Her father has describedher as who has everything'. Yet, in becomingone of the most privilegedpeoplein the world, Dianagave up many everydayrights. Although legallyshe can still vote, she probablynever will again.In public she cannot expressher real feelingsandher private life is often intemipted 'freedom'. by the press. In other words, shehasvery little The Princess'sengagementsare decidedsix months in advance.A day's programmecanbeginat 09.30amandfinish at 3pm. Sometimesshe goeswith Prince Charles,sometimes alone.When she sits down at her desk she may well find hundredsofrequests for autographedpictures or requeststo have hospitalsnamedafter her. The popularityof the Royalsis increasedby the fact that they are seento be busy, but couldn't 'pulling this be a caseof the Royalwool over our eyes'? Which paragraphtells us about: 1 tr The disadvantagesof beinga princess? 2 I Diana'sattraction? Diana'swork? 3 I Task 3 1 Does the text give a completelypositive picture of the Royal Family? 2 Which sentenceis a little critical? 3 What is the writer trying to suggestwith the expression'pulling the Royal wool over our eyes'?

Unit 2

19

Task 4 Readthe text againand make a list of the disadvantagesof being PrincessDiana. Then make a list of any advantagesyou canthink of. e.g. Shenever has to worry aboutmoney. Task 5 Below are phrasesfrom the text. Explainwhat they meanin your own words. 1 Dianahas 'given the RoyalFamily a new dimension'. (paragraph1) 'Although 2 legallyshe can still vote, she probablynever will again.' (paragraph2) 'Dianagave 3 up many everydayrights.' (paragraph2) '. 4 . . she hasvery little "freedom".' (paragraph2) 'are 5 The Royals seento be busy'. (paragraph3) Task 6 Discussthe questionsbelow. o What do you think about the British Royal Family? . S/hich other countrieshave a monarchy? . Is there a big differencebetween the British RoyalFamily and other royal families? . How would you comparePrincessDiana'slife with the life of other royal princessessuchas PrincessCarolineof Monaco? Task 7 Prepare a short talk to give to the classon the following subject: 'I amlamnot in favour of royal families.'

PrincessCaroline and Prince Andrea of Monaco

King Birenda and QueenAisharya of Nepal

20

Unit 2

5 Life in Bhutan Task 1 What do you know about Bhutan? From its positionon this mapcanyou guess: . r r o

how the peoplelive? what the countrysideis like? what the politicalsystem might be? what the tourist industrv is like?

Task 2 Look at the picture of these Bhutanesemen. o What are they doing? o Describetheir clothes. . Describe their appearance.

21

Unit 2

Task3 Readthe text slowly. Accordingto the World Bank the Kingdom of Bhutanis the secondpoorest country in the world, but there is no unemployment,no beggingand almostno crime. 'Dragon King', is the world's Jigme SingyeWangchuck,the youngesthereditary ruler, but he saysthat the country is more democraticthan any other in the region. He travels round Bhutan, showinghimself to the peopleandlisteningto their opinions.Although this is a very old country the monarchyis quite new; until this century it was a theocracyrun by Buddhist priests. There is still a very strong religiousfeelingand there are 1,300 monasteriesin a nation of only 1 million people. Bhutanallowsonly 2,000 tourists ayear, but no multinational companieseven thoughit is very short of capital.It takesno help from the U. S.A. or Russia.Studentswho go abroadto study must spend6 monthswhen they return in remote villagesto 'rediscover their roots' beforegoingbackinto Bhutanesesociety. Although the peopleare poor they are content. The atmosphereis relaxed and traditionshave hardly changedsince the Middle Ages. Archery is the country's major sport and folk dancesare the main forms of entertainment. Task 4 . Can you describeBhutan in your own words? . Would you like to live there for six months? . Do you think it will ever change? Task 5 Readthe text againcarefullyandfind words which mean: 1 askingfor money (paragraph1) 2 views (paragraph2) 3 governmentby priests (paragraph2)

4 buildingswhere priests or monks live (paragraph2) 5 hasn't enoughmoney (paragraph3) 6 isolated(paragraph3)

Task 6 o Why do you think there's no unemployment? o What do you think about the king? o Do you think this is an idealsociety? Task 7 Look up Bhutan in an encyclopaedia.Make notes in Englishof any more informationyou find. Report back to the class. You have the opportunity of meeting someonewho has been to Bhutan, what questionswill you ask them?Write them down.

1 Howimportantis yourdiet? Task 1 Answer the questionnairefrom a healthmagazine. DIET PROFILE Write down all foods and drinks consumedin the last three days.

Mindandbody

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

How many tablespoonsof sugardo you addto your food eachday? Do you use salt in your cooking? Do you add salt to your food? How many coffeesdo you have a day? How many teas? How many cigarettesdo you smoke eachday? Do you take any other non-medicaldrugs? (i.e. amphetamines, etc.) Howmany spirits, glassesof wine orpints ofbeer do you have a week? How many times a week do you have fried-foodmeals? How many times a week do you have red meat? (beef, pork, lamb, game) How many times a week do you eat pastaor pastry? How many pints of milk do you drink in five days? Do you eat yoghurt less than oncea week? Do you go out of your way to avoidfoodswith additivesor preservatives? How many slicesof bread do you eat eachweek? Do you eat chocolatemore than twice a week? How many glassesof plainwater do you drink a day? What percentageof your diet is raw fruit and raw vegetables?

Unit3

23

Task 2 Turn to page 53 to find out how to score your questionnaire.Check your results and discussthem with a partner. Lessthan Z: excellentdiet. Less than 11: very good diet. More than 75: you need to look carefullyat your eating and drinking habits. More than 20: you need to radicallychangeyour diet to includernore vitaminsand minerals. Task 3 'Diet profile'again. Look at the What shouldyou do to improve your health?Fill in the table below. Decrease food additivesor preservatives

Increase

raw fruit

Task4 Answerthe followingquestionsandthenexplainyourreasonsto the classor a partner. YES I fl I tr I tr

NO I tr I I n I

Is breakfastnecessary? Is lunchmoreimportantthandinner? Do youlike to havemeateveryday? Canyouimaginea life withoutcoffee? Couldyoueata saladwithouta dressing? Do youthinkit's importantto takeextravitaminsevery day?

Task5 Somepeoplesay'TheEnglisheatto live andthe Frenchlive to eat.' Whatdoyouthink? Task6 Imagineit is a very specialdayandyoucanchoosewhateveryou wantfor breakfast,lunchanddinner.Write downyourmenu.

24

UnitS

2 Hypnotherapy What is hypnotherapy?It is the use of hypnosisin the treatment of physicalor mental disorders. What is hypnosis?It is a state like sleepwhere a person'sactions may be controlledby anotherperson. Do you know anyonewho has been to a hypnotherapistfor treatment? Task 1 Readthe magazinearticle quickly andthen answer'thequestions. Goingto a hypnotherapist'sis not like goingto a doctor's. The room shouldbe warm and quiet with a comfortablearmchairand there is never any need for speciallights. In this calm atmospherethe words of the therapist canflow directly into the unconsciousof the patient who is encouragedto relax with eyes closed. A person about to be hypnotizedmust be sure that he will not be under the influenceof some strangepower and one of the main roles of hypnotherapistsis to reassurethe patient that he will be ableto discusswithout losingcontrol. No drugs, electric shocksor injectionsare given and if the therapistis wellexperienced,he can control the treatment at all times. It is important to understandthat in medicalhypnosisthe patients cannotbe madeto do anything.For example, hypnotists cannotmake patientscommit a crime and then make them forget what they did. This is a techniquethat we see only in entertainmentshows and is quite impossiblein any medical practice. Peopleare often afraidthat they will reveal secrets or fantasiesunder hypnosis,but hlpnotherapy is not the great 'truth drug'.

TRUE FALSE 1 I I Visitinga hypnotherapist's shouldbe a pleasant expenence. 2 I I Thehypnotherapist controlswhatthe patient says. 3 I I Hypnotismis usedonlyin medicine.

25

Unit 3

Task 2 Readthe text againand write down the informationyou get about the topicsbelow.

Whatdoesnothappen

Task 3 Readthe advertisementoppositecarefully.Then look at the five problemsand decideif this hypnotherapycentre canhelp. 'I've 1 been trying to give up for months, but I still buy 30 a day.' 'I 2 find it very hard to memorisefacts and figures before an exam.' 'I 3 drink a bottle of whisky a day.' 'I'm 4 very shy and don't like talking to peopleor goingto parties.' 'I 5 work late at the office, get terrible headachesand then can't sleep.'Task 4 Answer the following questionsandthen discussyour answerswith another student.

YES NO

T

T

T

T

I

T T

I t r

tr

NOT SURE tr Wouldyougo to a hlpnotherapist? I Are somepeoplesuspicious of hypnotherapy? tr Is hypnotherapy onlyfor peoplewith psychological problems? I Canhypnotherapybedangerous? t] Is hlpnotherapyusedin yourcountry?

Task 5 Imagineyou have a problem andyou want someadvicefrom a hypnotherapist.Write a short letter describingyour situationto the 'Advice Column'of a health magaztne.

PROFESSIONAL HYPNOTHERAPY CENTRE Established 20 years

Confidence/Overweig hV Smoking/Stress/Sexual Problems/Tuition. Appointments: Harley Street, W1. Tel: 01{00 40't5 (Brochureavailable)

26

Unit 3

3 Doesyourteenagedaughtersmoke? Task1 Readthis extractfromthe letterspagein a healthmagaztne. Our daughter,Tasha, has started sixth form collegethis autumnand as we feel that part of her educationshouldbe learningto handleher own money, we have given her an allowancewhich is paid into a bank accounton the first of each month. With this she has to buy clothesandpay for her entertainment,travel. etc. I am very concernedlest she starts spendinga large portion of it on cigarettes, but I can see no way of preventingthis if she wants to do so. Despite all the anti-smokingcampaigns,she tells us that the majority of studentsdo seemto smoke. Two of her best friends are virtual chain-smokersout of collegehours. Although Tashadoesnot smoke when she is at home at weekendsand assuresus that she never buys cigarettes, she does smoke when she is offered them by her friends. We cannotforbid her to smoke, but we don't want her to feel she has to lie to us. I know that it is only a smalljump from havingthe odd cigarette to buying a packetof ten and then a packet of 20. By Sving her an allowancewe are makingthis possiblefor her. I only hope that either she finds a boyfriendwho hates even the smell of tobaccoor she will becomeso keen on savingup her money for new clothesthat she would begrudgeeven the cost of roll-ups. I wonder how other parentswho are concernedfor their children'shealth copewith this problem?

Task2 Whichparagraph tellsyouabout: f 2 3 4

tr n F t]

howa boyfriendcouldhelp? whyTashahasabankaccount? howsmokingcaneasilybecomea habit? the smokinghabitsof Tashaandher friends?

27

Unit3 Task3 Lookat the 7 wordsor phrasesfromthe text aboutsmoking.How manydoyouknow? KNOW I tl I E I tl

DON'T KNOW I I I I I I

the smellof tobacco to smoke chain-smokers theoddcigarette packetoften anti-smoking campaigns

I

tr

rol-ups

Now match the last 5 phraseswith these explanations: cigarettesyou make yourself ten cigarette.

waysor..y,nsro stop peopiesmoking

peoplewho smoke one cigarette dter the other

fi|l,!lt"urne to ume

Task 4 Find words or phrasesin the text which tell us that: I Tasha'smother wants her to be independent.(paragraph1) 2 the mother is worried aboutTashaspendinga lot of her allowance on cigarettes. (paragraph2) 3 the parents want Tashato be open with them. (paragraph3) 4 the mother would like Tashato have a boyfriendwho dislikes smoke. (paragraph4) 5 she wants to know what other parents do. (paragraph5) Task 5 Discuss: . . o .

Tashawas too young to have her own bank account. The schoolshouldbe much stricter about smoking. Finding a boyfriend who hates smoke would make Tashastop. The mother is stupid to worry. It's Tasha'shealth so she can do what she wants.

Task 6 In pairs, write a short dialoguebetween a smoker and a non-smoker. The non-smokeris tryrng to persuadethe smoker to give up, but the smoker does not really want to. Now act it out.

2B

Unit 3

4 Twins . How commonare twins? . Are they alwaysidentical? . Do you know any twins? We have probablyall met a twin at sometime but in fact twins are not very common.What is it that we find so interesting about twins? Task 1 Read the following true story aboutSiamesetwins andthen do the task which follows. THESTORY OFCHANG ANDENG andEngweretheoriginal Chang Siamese twins,bornin Siamin 1811. TheKingof Siamordered themto be killedbuttheirmothermanaged to keepthemaliveandbringthemup asnormalaspossible. Theywerenotverytallandwereconnected by a bandof tissue 4i incheslong,buttheywereveryintelligent. Theyemigrated to America, becamefamousasa circusact andbythetimetheywerethirtyhad madea lot of money.Thentheygot married. Theymarriedsistersand betweenthemhadtwenty-two children. ChangandEngnowhavemore than1000descendants. Forsomeyearstheyalllivedin thetwins' grewtheybuiltseparate original house; butwhenthefamilies homes, Chang andEngspending threedaysin oneandthe nextthreein the other. In theirlateryears,Chang's healthdeteriorated because he dranktoo much.Engbecame soworried thathetriedto getseparated, butno doctorwoulddo the operation. Theendof theirliveswaspoignant. 0n Januarylzth, 1874,Changtookto hisbedwithbronchitis in hisown house.0n the Thursday it wastimeto move,according to the arrangement, to Eng'shouse.Engdid notwantChangto go,butChang insisted. Hishealthgrewsteadily worseuntilonJanuary 17thhedied. WhenEngrealised histwinbrotherhaddiedhesaid,'ThenI amgoingto dietoo.'Hedid,two hourslater. Task 2 Choosethe best summaryof eachparagraph. Paragraph1: a The origin of the term 'Siamesetwins' b The childhoodof Changand Eng Paragraph2: a The familiesof Changand Eng b The lives of Changand Eng Paragraph3: a Eng'sdesireto be separated b The effect of alcoholon Chang'shealth

Unit 3 Task 3 Find words or phrasesin the text which tell us that: 1 2 3 4

their mother savedChangand Eng from death. they were joinedto eachother. they did not spendall their time in the samehouse. their lives had a sadending.

Task 4 What do you think? 1 2 3 4 5

Why did the King want the twins killed? Why did they becomefamousin the circus? Why did Eng want to get separated? Why would no doctor separatethem? Why did Eng die so soon after Chang?

Task 5 Readthe informationbelow abouttwins and then prepare a short talk explaning why you agree or disagree.Add your own ideason the subjectas well. o . . .

It is good to dress twins identically. They shouldalwaysbe treated in the sameway. It is better to sendthem to different schools. It is desirableto give them 'twin' namessuchasJennyandJeannie.

29

1 Violentdeath Task I Who was he? He was born in England,he travelled all over the world, he married a Japanesewoman and was murdered in America.

Famous names

Task 2 Readthe following text from a biographyabout this person and then answer the four questionsbelow. On that fateful night in December,John and Yoko were returning from a recording sessionat the studio, the Hit Factory, where they had been working on a singlefrom their new albumD oubleFantasy, their first record releasefor five years. After steppingout of their limousine,John and Yoko started to walk to the entranceof the Dakotabuilding,where a guard stood on duty. In the shadowsof the building'shuge archwaystood Mark David Chapman.He calledout, 'Mr Lennon'. As John turned to face him, Chapmandroppedinto a combatposition and fired his .38-calibrerevolver atJohn, emptying five bullets into his shoulderand back. Yoko screamed asJohn staggeredto the entranceof the Dakota. He fell face down on the floor of the entry office gasping,'I'm shot.'

I 2 3 4

What was his name? Who was he? How was he murdered? How many peopleare mentionedin the text?

Unit4

31

Task 3 The text describesthe series of events which led toJobn Leruron's death. Below are some of the actions.Can you put them in the correct order? f I I

started to walk to the Dakota building droppedinto a combatposition returning from a recording session

n I

screamed fired his .38-calibrerevolver

Task 4 Look at these events. Try and work out who did what andput the events in the appropriatecolumn. stood on duty he calledout steppingout of their limousine 'I'm fell down gasping, shot' started to walk staggered

lohn

Yoko

working on a single screamed turned to face him fired his .38-calibrerevolver stood in the shadows

Iohn& Yoko Theguard

Themurderer

Now tell the story in your own words. Task 5 Choosethe best title for the text and give your reasonsfor choosing ' it. . John and Yoko' o John Lennon, the ex-Beatle' . 'The nishtJohn Lennon was murdered' Text 6 Write a short paragraphon one of the followingtopics: . Canyou think of other famouspeoplewho havehad a violent death?Chooseone. o Canwe protect famouspeoplefrom murderers?

32

Unit 4

2 William Shakespeare You probablyknow about Shakespeare'splaysbut do you know anythingabouthis life?

Shakespeare with hisfamily at Stralford Task I Readthe texts and then answer the questionsbelow.

SHAKESPEARE'S BACKGROUND William Shakespearewas born in April 1564in Stratford-onAvon. His family were quite wealthy and as far as we know Shakespearewas lucky enoughto attend school. In 1582,when he was 18, Shakespearegot married to Anne Hathaway,a womanfrom a nearbyvillage. They lived happily together for a few years and had 3 children.

SHAKESPEARE ANDTHE THEATRE Suddenly,in the late 1580s,Shakespeareleft his family behind and went to Londonwith a group of travelling actors. While in London he started writing the playswhich were to make him famous.He becameknown both as a playwright and an actor, performed in plays for QueenElizabethI andin 1599became part-owner of the GlobeTheatre. About 1610Shakespeareseemsto have left Londonto retire in his native Stratford where he lived the life of a country gentlemanuntil he died of a fever on 23 April, 1616.

YES NO

1f] 2 =

f] I

parentspoor? Were Shakespeare's Was he poor when he died?

22

Unit4

Task 2 Readthe following text aboutShakespeareand QueenElizabethI and then do the True/False exercise. There is a story that the Queenwas so fond of Falstaff.,a jolly 'Henry 'Henry fat gentleman,who appearsin IV' and V,' that she askedShakespeareto write a play especiallyfor her, which would show Falstaffin love. Shakespearedid this, and called 'The the play Merry Wives of Windsor'(1601)- nobody however has recorded whether the Queenenjoyedthis play or not. Presentingplays at court was a great honourfor the Lord Chamberlain'sMen, but it was also a great chore, sinceit meant many extra rehearsalsand specialpreparations.The costumeshad to be that much more lavish, and the make-up that much more perfect, to pleasethe Queen.

TRUE FALSE

1f]

tr

2 a

I

3T

f]

4t]

I

Shakespearewrote Henry IV andHenry V before1601. Falstaffwas a charactern Henm IV and Henry V. The Lord Chamberlain'sMen were a group of smgers. The Lord Chamberlain'sMen entertainedthe Queen.

Task3 Choosethe correctmeaningfor the followingwordsor phrasesas they are used in the text: 1 was fond of a was in love with b liked very much

3 rehearsals a practices(ofthe play) b performances(of the play)

2

4 more lavish a more magnificent b simpler

agreatchore a a lot easier for them b a lot of work for them

Task 4 In your own words describewhat you know of Shakespeare'slife. Task 5 Write a short paragraphabout a famouswriter from your country. Look in an encyclopaediaif you want.

34

Unit4

3 Nureyev RudolphNureyev, the famousballet dancer,was born in the Soviet Union. Task 1 What do you know aboutNureyev? I

Nureyev was born in a Leningrad b Siberia

2 He was born in a 1938 b 1948 3 He went to ballet schoolwhen he was a veryyoung b a teenager 4 Hejoined a the Kirov ballet company b the Bolshoi ballet company 5 He defectedto the West when he was in a England b France Task 2 Now read the extract from a biographyofNureyev and checkyour answersto Task 1. Nureyev was born in Siberiain 1938and started dancingas an amateurwith localfolk groups. His professionaltraining began late - he did not get to the Leningradschooltill 1955. On graduating,in 1958, he persuadedthe authoritiesto admit him to the Kirov, by goingto Moscow and threateningto join the Bolshoi! He had various conflictswith the authoritiesin the Soviet Union, and madehimselfmore unpopularwhen appearingwith the Kirov companyin Paris in 1961by stayingout at night, 'fraternuing'with French friends. As he was leavingFrance to fly to England,he was told that he must return to the Soviet Union instead.Taking an instant decision,he fled acrossthe airport, demandingpoliticalasylumfrom the French policeand becomingthe first Soviet dancerto defect to the West.

Unit4

35

Task 3 Look at these words from the text aboutNureyev's personality. Which of them tell us that he was 'assertive'andwhich tell us that he 'sociable'? was Put the words in the appropriatecolumn. demanding 'fraterniztng'

persuaded

stayingout at night

threatening

Task 4 Readthe text aboutNureyev again.What did he do which showsthat he was assertive and sociable?Put the events in the lists below: Euentsthat showhe was assehiae

Eaenh that shon he wassociable

Task 5 Find phrases from the text which tell us that: t 2 3 4 5

he wasn't alwaysaprofessionaldancer. (paragraph1) he had difficulty joining the Kirov. (paragraph1) he didn't alwaysagree with the government. (paragraph2) he decidedimmediately(not to retum to Russia). (paragraph2) no dancerhad left Russiafor the West before. (paragraph2)

Task 6 Do you agree with the statementsbelow? YES NO I I I I I

I I tr

Famousdancersget too much money. Balet is really for women. 'I wouldpay S100for a ticket to seeNureyev!' The cinemais more popularthan ballet.

Now discussyour answerswith another student. Task 7 Write a short biographyof a famousentertainerfrom your country.

36

Unit 4

4 MadameTussaud Task I Nameat leastthreeinterestingplacesto visit in London. Now matchthe followingplaceswith whattheyarefamousfor. Place

I 2 3 4

PortobelloRoad Greenwich MadameTussaud's HighgateCemetery

Famousfor

A The Maritime Museum B Karl Marx's tomb

c

An antiquemarket

D A waxworks museum

Task2 Readthe text quicklyandcompletethe chartwhichfollows. TUSSAUD,MADAME (1761-18s0), SWISSFOT]NDEROF WAXWORKSMUSEUM Three of the most popularplacesto visit in Londonare the Tower, theZoo andMadameTussaud'swaxworksmuseum. This last-namedbuildinghasthe most famousexhibitionof waxwork modelsof famousandnotoriouspeoplein the world. It was createdby a Swiss-bornartist, Marie Tussaud. Marie Grosholtzwas sent by her fatherto studywax modellingunderher unclein Paris.Over manyyearsshe modelledmanyfamouspeople,particularlythe leading figuresin the FrenchRevolutionof 1789.As frestrlysevered headsfell from the guillotine,Marie startedworkingon them immediately.Makingthesedeathmaskskept her very busy. In 1793her unclediedandsheinheritedhis museumand its collection.Sevenyearslater shemovedto Londonandin 1802sheput on her first exhibition,in the Strand.It was calledMadameTussaud's,becausethat was the nameof the Frenchmanshehadmarried.The exhibitionwasvery successful,andshetook careto keepthe figuresup to date. In 1833it movedto Baker Street andremainedthere till well pasther death. Her sonsmovedthe exhibitionto MaryleboneRoadin 1884,whereit still standstoday.Much of it was damagedby fire in 1925but fortunatelythe mouldsfrom whichthe heads were madewere rescuedandby 1927the buildinghadbeen repairedandthe figuresreplaced.

Unit4

37

Whichparagraph tellsus: 1 2 3 4

I Z E f

abouther life in England? aboutanaccident? abouther life in France? whatis in themuseum?

Task3 Completethe followingdetailsaboutMadameTussaud: Nationality Maid.enname

Countryof study Subjectof study Dateandplaceoffirst exhibition Wherethemuseumis todart Task 4 Find words in the text which mean: 1 2 3 4 5

well-known for somethinggood (paragraph1) well-knownforsomethingbad (paragraph2) important men and women (paragraph2) cut off (paragraph2) wax models (paragraph3)

Task 5 Which of these words would you use to describeMadameTussaud: o artistic . squeamish . careful? Which words would you use to describe: o Margaret Thatcher o RonaldReagan . JosephStalin . Mother Teresa o Vincent Van Gogh? Task 6 Write a descriptionof a famouspersonfrom your country.

38

Unit4

5 NelsonMandela o Who is Nelson Mandela? o Why is he famous? o When did he get out of prison? Task 1 Describe the picture.

Task2 Whatelsedo youknowaboutMandela? Readandcomplete: o Nelson Mandelawas in orison for a While he was in prison he o Many peoplethink he

Unit4

39

Task3 Readthis extractfromanearlyautobiography of NelsonMandela. Thensaywhateachparagraph is about. I wasbornin Umtata, Transkei, onJuly18,1918.Myfather, ChiefHenry, withfourwives. wasa polygamist Neither henormymother everwentto school. Myfatherdiedin 1930,afterwhichDavid Dalindyebo, thenacting Paramount Chiefofthetribe,became myguardian. I holda degree fromtheUniversity ofSouthAfrica, andama qualified I married Winnie Madikizela, solicitor. mysecond wife,in 1958and I havefivechildren. altogether in politics started Myinterest whenI wasa youth.I listened to the aboutthegoodolddaysbefore elders of ourtribespeaking thearrival of theWhiteManwhenblackpeople livedpeacefully andfreely. Theland wasours.I knewthenthatI wanted to servemypeople intheirfightfor freedom. I wasoldenough WhenI wassixteen, to takepartinthe'parliament' of mytribe.I wasnowa man.However, attwentythree myguardian decided it wastimeformeto getmarried andchose a girlforme,butI 'escaped' to Johannesburg whereI laterstudied law. ln 1944| joinedtheAfrican National Congress, anorganization which people. fighting hasspenthalfa century fortherights oftheAfrican I havededicated During mylifetime myself to thisstruggle against andit isanideal forwhichI amprepared domination to die. Task4 Completethe chartwith informationfromthe text.

He took part in the parliamentof his tribe.

Task 5 In your own words write a short paragraphaboutNelson Mandela today.

WhokilledSir HarrvOakes? Part I Task 1 Before readingthe story aboutHarry Oakes,look carefullyat the map of the Bahamasanddiscussthe questionsbelow.

C r i maen d punishment

o o o r o

Where are the Bahamassituated? What do you think the climateis like? What kind of peopledo you think go to lve there? What makesthe Bahamasan attractivetourist resort? Wouldyou like to spenda holidayin the Bahamas? Why?Why not?

Task 2 Readthe followingtext quickly. Lyingsomeonehundred andtwentymilesoffthesouthcoastof America - the planejourney fromMiamiis aboutan hour- liesNassau, the playground of the rich.lt hasfabulous gardens houses, beautiful and magnificent shops.Menlooking forfieldsof investment tookover Freepod, building luxuryhotels, andtheeconomy supported hundreds of bankers andproperty companies. Nassau wasa taxhaven for Englishmen people'retired'to andmanywell-known Nassau to buildfinehouses, eachcomplete pool. withitsswimming

Unit 5

41

'paradise This,then,wasthe island' I wentto liveon in March1969. My homewason the Eastern Road,sixmilesfromthe towncentre.I was soonbeinginvited to coffeemornings andlunchparties andit waswhileI 'That wasdrivinghomefromoneof thesepartiesthatsomeone said, is SirHarryOakes' house.' 'Was thatthe manwhowasmurdered?' I asked. lmmediately a strange silence fellandI realized thenthatI hadsaid no oneelsewished something to hear. 'Did Nevertheless, I triedagain. anyonefindoutwhodid it?'.0ne of my 'No, friends turnedto meandsaid, we didn't,although therearemany different stories.However, Elizabeth, it'sbetternotto talkaboutit while vouareherein Nassau.' The0akesmurderhadtakenplaceon B July1943,andhereit was, 1969,andI wasstillwarnednotto talkaboutthemurder! Yetthissilence mademe veryinterested. I wentto the locallibraryto lookupthe facts.

Task3 The text givesus informationabout: TRUE I E 2 Z 3 I

FALSE I fifeonNassau I ffe in Miami I the life of Harry Oakes

Task 4 Readparagraph1 again.Find phraseswhich tell us that Nassau: 1 2 3 4

attracted peoplewho no longer worked. was a placewhere someforeignersdid not have to pay tax. is a placewhere wealthy peoplehave a good time. hada lot of businessmen.

Task 5 'Immediately The phrase a strangesilencefell.' suggeststhat there is a mystery surroundingthe deathof Harry Oakes.Find four more phrasesin the text which suggesta mystery. Task 6 What do you think Part2 will be about?Discusswith a partner the suggestionsbelow and chooseone answer. . . . o

The secretary'smurder Elizabeth'slife The library Sir Harry Oakes'life

42

Unit 5

WhokilledSir HarryOakes? Part2 Task 1 Readthe text quickly. Checkyour answerto Task 6. Themurderof SirHarry0akeswasnewsin papers allovertheworld.He wassaidto be the richestmanin the world,a resident of Nassau withhis wife,Eunice, anda respected memberof a largesocialcircle. SirHarrywasbornin Maine, USA.Hisfatherwasrich,so hesentHarry to a fineschoolin Brunswick, Maineandlaterto university. Harrywasa quietboy,butwhenever he wasaskedwhathewasgoingto do whenhe 'l'mgoing grewup he alwaysreplied, to makea fortune'. Hestudied medicine fortwoyearsandthen,realizing therewasnot muchmoneyin thatcareer, turnedhisattention to a goldmining camp calledDawson City. Hisobsession withdreamsof wealthgavehimthe motivation he neededto survive the verylongworkinghoursandthe difficultlifein the goldmine.At firsthewasunluckyin hissearchfor gold- hetravelled fromthe Yukonto Alaska; he wentto the Philippines andto Australia. At the Kirkland Lakein northern0ntario,twoyearsafterhisarrival, the secondlargestgoldmine in the worldwasdiscovered. Therearemany stories abouthowHarryOakes became theownerof the mine,butthe mostpopularonewasthathe boughtthe rightsfor fivedollarsfroma starving Chinese cook.Unfortunately, he did nothaveenoughmoneyto workit, andwasforcedto takeothermenintopartnership. Thiswas frustrating for him- he stillpreferred to workalone- andassoonas he could,Harrypaidoff hispartners. yearsafterleaving By 1927,twenty-three medical school, he had achieved hisambition- he hadmadehisfortune.Butthe struggle to makethisfortunehadchanged him.Hewasno longerpoliteandhis youngladiesof histimewanted language wasnotthe kindof language to hear. Task2 Completethe chart below about the informationin eachparagraph. PARAGRAPH

INFORMATION

I

He gaveup studyingto be a doctor

z lTl

tr T I

S/henhe madehis fortune How he becamethe owner of a mine What the paperssaidabouthim

43

Unit 5

Task3 Matchthe wordsor phrasesfromthe text (A) with thosein B. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A 'I'm goingto makea fortune!' drop-outs liverough wages starving his ambition achieved the struggle

A B C D E F G

B have no comforts one without any food I'm goingto be wealthy.' great effort money earnedweekly people who choosenot to live in society got what he wanted

Task4 Workin pairs.Discussthe wordsbelow.WhichdescribeHarryand whichdo not?Writethe evidencefrom thetext that givesyouyour answer. He nas

Euidence from text

dishonest sociable

ambitious adaptable strong

Task 5 I Do youthinkHarrywasanunusualman? 2 The last sentencetellsus two things.Explaintheirmeanings and describewhattheycouldsuggestfor Part3.

44

Unit 5

Whokilled Sir HarrvOakes?Part3 Task 1 Readthe text quicklyandcheckyour predictionat the end of Part2. Then choosethe best title for Part 3. . The marriageof Harry Oakes . The successfullife of Harry Oakes o Harry Oakesin England Yethe metandmarrieda girlwhowashisoppositein everyway.She washalfhisage,gentle, always smiling andthedaughter of a government officialin Sydney, Australia. At firsttheylivedin a chaletnearthe mine buthiswife,Eunice, didnotlikethe lonelylifeandpersuaded himto moveintoan enormous castlenearthe Niagara Falls. lt wassaidthat KingEdward Vll hadoncespenta nighttherel Now,therichestmanin Canada, Oakes cameto a greatdecision. He wouldrenounce hisAmerican natronality andbecomea Canadian citizen. However, he becameunhappy whenhe realized ihathewasthe most heavily taxedpersonin Canada. Sohe decided to buildanother home, thistimein PalmBeach, Florida. Buttherehewasnowthreatened with evenhigher tax. At PalmBeachhe meta realestatemanfrom Nassau whohadideas 'sold'to 'lnvest yourmoneyinthe whichhe theattentive HarryOakes. 'There Bahamas', hetoldhim. arenotaxes. That's the placeforyou.' So he movedwithhiswifeandfivechildren intoa housein Nassau 'Westwood'called a mansion withtwentyroomsandwithineasy reachof the Bahamas Country Thiswasthehousethathadbeen CIub. pointedoutto mefromthecar. Afterestablishing themselves in the British colonyon Nassau, Harry andEunice Oakes wentto London. Theyboughta houseoutside London andbecameinterested in British andColonial affairs and,perhaps remembering hisearlier medical training, Harry0akesgavehalfa million dollars to helpSt George's Hospital, London. Because of this,andother generous offers, hisnameappeared inthe honours listfor KingGeorge Vl'sbirthday in 1939.Eventually, SirHarry0akes,theformergoldminer wasaskedto becomea memberof the Bahamas Houseof Assembly. 'made' Hewasnowa man.Hewaswellin withBahamas society and wasentertained by,andentertained in return, thenewGovernor of the Bahamas, the Dukeof Windsor andhiswife,the Duchess. Thencamedisaster. HarryOakes hada friendwhowasan estate agentnamedHaroldChristie, whoarranged a meeting between SirHarry andsomemenwhowished to opensomecasinos onthe island. Lady wasin America Oakes at thetimeandSirHarryagreed to meetthe men on a oower-cruiser inthe harbour.

Unit 5

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Task2 in the text whichtell us: ReadPart3 againcarefully.Findexpressions Exprasitns in text I

Harry'schoiceof wife wasa surprise.

2 His wife liked company.

3 Harrywasgenerous. 4 Harrvbecameverv successful. 5 Somethingterrible happened.

Task 3 Find the namesof the four placesHarry and his wife lived andwrite down any informationabout eachone or their lives there.

Task4 Completethe followingexercisewith evidencefromthe text. Eddenre from text I

Eunicewas possiblya snob.

2 Harrywasinterestedin avoidingtax. 3 Nassauis a tax haven. 4 Harry wanted to stay in Canada. 5 The OakesbecameSir and Ladv Oakesin 1939.

Task 5 Look at the first sentenceofthe last paragraph.What do youthink the disasterwas?Discusspossibilitieswith a partner.

Unrt5

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Whokilled Sir HarrvOakes?Part4 Task 1 Readthe text quicklyandexplainin onesentencewhathappened to Sir Harry. probably didnotknowwasthatthemenwere WhatHarold Christie leaders of a gangheaded bya mannamed MeyerLansky. Hewasa powerful forceinAmerica, wherehecontrolled manygambling clubs withtheMafia; andhewasruthless andwasconnected whenhemet anyopposition to hisplans. Nowit wasnecessary for Lansky to getthreeofthemostinfluential menonNassau to signa contract whichwouldallowhimto startworkon hisgambling clubs and,it issaid, hadpromised SirHarry hishelp.Hehad donethisbecause hisfriendHarold wouldbenefit Christie fromthe building ofthecasinos. SirHarrymetLansky's menonthecruiser, asarranged. Butsomething musthavehappened during thediscussion thatmadeSirHarryhave thoughts anddisagree withLansky. second ButLansky likednobody to disagree withhimandhewasa manusedto disposing of people if they himanytrouble. Harold triedto warnhisfriend, caused Christie butSir Harrylosthistemperandrefused to goahead withtheproject. Thenext moment oneof Lansky's menmoved forward, brought backhisarmand struckSirHarryontheheadwitha metalbar.Hecollapsed to thefloor, whileChristie looked onparalysed andhelpless. Themenassured him thatSirHarry hadonlybeenknocked unconscious to teachhima lessonl It didnotpayto disagree withLansky. Theythenhalf-carried, halfdragged theunconscious SirHarryto thequayside andputhiminhis 'Westwood', owncar.Theyordered Christie to driveto wheretheymade himcarryhisunconscious friendupto hisbedroom. Bythetimetheygot wasshocked. there,SirHarrywasdead.Christie Lansky's mentoldhim pyjamas to putSirHarry's onthedeadbodyandto puthimto bed. Butthedrama wasnotfinished. Oneofthegangsters returned with matches, setfireto thebedandordered Christie to watchhisfriendbe burntin hisownhome. Thegangster ordered thefrightened not Christie withanyone to tryto makecontact untilafterseven thenextmorning. Thenheturnedandracedfromtheroom. Hiswarning aboutthetimewasto allowthecruiser to getwellaway fromNassau andhideamong thehundreds ofotherboats inandaround lt waslatersuspected theisland. thattheAmerican Police wereinvolved withLansky andhisgang, andmayhavebeenordered to coverupthe wholeaffair. Theremustbepeople stillliving ontheisland whoknowthereal murder answer, butto theothers thisterrible a mystery. stillremains

Unit 5

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Task2 aretrue or false. Decidewhetherthe followingstatements I 2 3 4 5

TRUE I Z I tr I

FALSE I I I I I

Lansky'smenwere criminals. Lanskyhadbeenin prison. Sir Harrydidnot havethe sameideasasLansky. Sir Harrydiedimmediately. Christiedidnot wantto helpSir Harry.

Task3 fromthe text. Decidewhothey Lookat the followingexpressions lettersbesidesthem.H (SirHarry), refer to andput the appropriate L (Lansky),C (Christie),G (thegangsters). tr t] tr t] I t] I

racedfromtheroom wasruthless wasshocked struckSirHarry losthis temper him haff-carried triedto warn

n tr tr I I t] tl

orderedChristieto drive fikednobodyto disagreewith him set fire to the bed coilapsedtothefloor of people wasusedto disposing hadbeenknockedunconscious disagreed with Lansky

Task4 Usingyournotesfromthe chart,describeLanskyto yourpartner. Withoutlookingbackat the text, numberthe eventsin Task3 (1-13) astheyhappened. Now tell the storyof Sir Harry'smurderto yourpartner. Task5 Discussthe followingquestions with a partner. o WhatdoyouthinkSk HarryandLanskydisagreed about? . Do youthinkit wasnecessary for Lanskyto orderthekillingof Sir Harry? . Do youthinkChristiehadanyideahowdangerous Lanskywas? r HowwouldyoudescribeSir Harry'slife?Do youthinkhe got what he deserved?

a

KEY

AGEstodosedqrestidrs

UMT T f Spring Task4 I tirds 2 (you so liked to) hear 3 Thepoet. Herex-boyfriend. 4 Becauseshe hada particularboyfriend. 5 Becausehe hasgone.

2 Tfu Secret Diary ofAdrian Moleaged13i Task I (suggestedanswers) I A Valentine'sDay card 2 February 14th 3 Usuallybecausethey like/lovesomebody. Task2 1 a 2 c 3 c Task3 Number of Valentinesin the text is 4. Task4 2 she, she 3 it, it, it 4 its, its 5 them 6 it" it Task5 l Notreally 2 Shewasembarrassed. 3 They did not have a very goodrelationship. 4 To have a goodrelationshipagain. 5 'adore' 6 Probablynot becausehe says'I imploreye, Don't ignore me'. 3 Lovinga cat Task2 f Fahe 2 False 3 True 4 True 5 False 4 Loveormoney? Task I A womanwho hasa babyfor someoneelse.

Task 3 I True 2 False 3 False 4 False Task4 1 Becausethe newspaperwas very interestedin the first commercialsurrogatebaby. 2 Becauseit presentsproblemsof moralityandidentity. 3 Becauseit was the first andbecausethe British public hadstrongresponsesto it - somepositiveandsome negative. 4 Becauseshe hadknown from the beginningthat she wasdoingit for moneyandprobablydid not allow herselfto becomeemotionallyinvolved. 5 Where has my love gone? Task 2 night, stocking,applesandoranges,dinner,brandy,nuts andraisins Task 3 away,there, fine, face Task4 Food Drink Others apples wine stocking oranges brandy aftershave dinner crackers chocolates pudding turkey fiunceples nuts andraisins mashedpotato Task 5 I the poet 2 his girlfriend (or ex-girlfriend) 3 We do not know. 4 n o 5 His girlfriend hasleft him.

T]NIT2 I Which family would you choose? Task2 I 1and3 2land3 3 3 4 2 5 1and4

Key 'city gent' 2 The Task 2 I trendy 2 commute 3 brigade Task3 I hugecity, there, the city, greatmetropolis. 2 theCity, this greatfinancialcentre. Task4 London manydifferentelements quietresidentialdistricts The trainljoumey rushhour 07.25train The cily gent pin-stripedsuit regularas clockwork occasionally nodding Financial Times 3 A female bus driver Task 2 l N o 2 Yes 3 Yes 4 Yes Task3 I I must havea medical. 2 I must havea cleandrivinglicence. 3 I must go to trainingschool. 4 I mustpassthe test. Task 4 I Sheworks'shifts'. 2 free tube andbus travel 3 tease 4 hobble 5 moan 6 lt's reallyuplifting. 4 A royal life Task I 1 True. Shelikes to drive her own car whenevershe hasthe opportunity. 2 False.BeforeshemarriedPrinceCharles,shewas a kindergartenteacher. 3 False.Her Londonhomeis KensingtonPalace. 4 False.Shehastwo sons,WilliamandHarry. Task 2 Para.2 Para. 1 Para.3 Task3 1 N o 2 The last sentence.

49

3 That perhapsthey are trying to fool us - if we see them doingthings,we will think they do somework anddeservethe moneythey get. Task4 Disaduantages: Shegaveup manyrights. Shecannotreallyvote. Shecannotexpressreal feelingsin public. Shehasa disruptedprivatelife. Shehasvery little 'freedom'. Adaantages: money,beauty,travel Shedoesn'thaveto do anyof the mundanethingswe have to do. Task5 (suggestedanswers) 1 Shehasgivena new imageto the RoyalFamily. 2 Shestill hasthe right to vote, but becausethe Royal Familyis not involvedin politics,shewill not vote. 3 Shehadto stopdoingthethingsthatwe do, e.g. she stoppedworking. 4 Shecaffiot do what shewants,whenshewants. 5 Whenthe RoyalFamilyis shownon televisionor in newspapers,they are usuallydoingsomecharitywork or makingspecialvisits (somepeoplethink that this impressesthe public). 5 Life in Bhutan Task5 1 begging 2 opinions 3 theocracy 4 monastery 5 shorl ofcapital 6 remote 7 'rediscovertheir roots'

UNIT3 1 How important is your diet? Task 3 I Decrease:foodadditivesor preservatives,sugar,salt, coffee,tea, cigarettes,non-medical drugs,spirits, wine andbeer, fried foods,red meat,pasta,pastry, milk, bread,chocolates. 2 Increase:yoghurt,water, raw fruit andraw vegetables. 2 Hypnotherapy Task I I True 2 False 3 False Task 2 Theroom warrn quiet comfortablearmchair

50

Key

no speciallights calmatmosphere People's fears beinginfluencedby strangepowers losingcontrol beingmadeto do what they wouldnot do in'real life' revealingsecretsor fantasies Whatdoesnot happen no drugs,electricshocksor injections patientcannotbe 'manipulated'bytherapist(seepara.1 and2). Task3 1 yes 4 yes 2 yes 5 yes 3 n o 3 Does your teenage daughter smoke? Task 2 I para.4 2 para.1 3 para.3 4 para.2. Task 3 peoplewho smokeonecigaretteafter the chain-smokers: other. theodd cigarette.'a cigarette from time to time packetof ten:ten cigarettes anti-smokingcampaign:waysof trying to stop people smoking roll-ufs: cigarettesyou makeyourself Task 4 I 'we havegivenher an allowance' 2 'Iamveryconcerned. .. cigarettes' 3 'we don'twant her to feel shehasto lie to us.' 4 ' . . .,a boytriendwho hateseventhe smellof tobacco 5

'I

wonderhow other parents . . problem?'

4 Twins Task 2 1 a 2 b 3 b Task3 I 'managedto keepthem alive(andbringthem up as normalas possible).' 2 'connectedby a bandof tissue4| incheslong' 3 'spending3 daysin oneandthe next 3 in the other.' 4 'the endof their liveswaspoignant.' Task4 I Probablybecausehe thoughtthey were abnormaland in somesocietieslongagoeven'unjoined'twinswere regardedas 'strange'. 2 Becausethey were unique. 3 Becauseif his brotherhadto stayin bedfrom illness, thenhis life was restrictedtoo. 4 Perhapsbecausedoctorshadnever donean operation of this kind before andthe risk of dying was high. 5 Physicallyhe couldnot havegoneon living,but also one of the phenomena of twins is that they do sometimesdie oneafter the other.

I.INIT4 1 Violent death Task 2 1 JohnLennon 2 pop singer(a former memberof The Beatles) 3 shotwith a .38 calibrerevolver. 4 Four Task 3 I returningfrom a recordingsession 2 startedto walkto the Dakota 3 droppedinto a combatposition 4 fired his .38 calibrerevolver 5 screamed Task 4 'I'm shot'; staggered;turnedto John: fell,downgasping, facehim Yoko: screuned John and Yo&a.'steppingout of their limousine,startedto walk; working on a single Thegwtrd: stoodon duty Themurdzrer:he calledout; fired his .38 calibrerevolver; stoodin the shadows. 2 William Shakespeare Task 1 1 N o 2 N o Task 2 1 True 2 True 3 False 4 True Task 3 l b 2 b 3 a 4 a 3 Nureyev Task 3 Assertiue:demanding,persuaded,threatening. Sociable:'fraternizng',stayingout at night. Task 4 Assertiue He persuadedthe auttroritiesto givehim a placewith the Kirov Ballet Companyby threateningto join the Bolshoi. He hadvariousconflictswith the authorities. He took an instantdecisionto defectandhe fled across the airportto the Frenchpolicefrom whomhe demanded politicalasylum. Sociable He dancedwith amateurlocalfolk groupsin Siberia. He stayedout at nightin Paris,fraternizingwith French friends. Task 5 1 He 'starteddancingas an amateur.' 2 ' . . . he persuadedthe authoritiesto admithim . . .' 3 'He hadvariousconflictswith . . .'

51

Key 4 'Takingan instantdecision. . .' 'the first 5 He was Sovietdancerto defectto the West.' 4 Madame Tussaud Task 1 1 andC. 2 and,A. 3 andD. 4 andB. Task 2 I Para3 2 Para4 3 ParaZ 4 Paral Task 3 Nationality: Swiss Maiden name: Grosholtz Countryof study:France Subjectof study:Wax modelling First etchib'ition:1802in London Museum today:MaryleboneRoad,London Task 4 1 famous 2 notorious 3 leading figures 4 severed 5 figures Task5 artistic careful 5 Nelson Mandela Task3 Para 1 Family background Para2 Qualificationsand family life Para3 His introduction to politics Par:a4 Comingof age/leavinghome Para5 lnvolvement in the ANC Task 4 1918 He was bornUmtata,Transkei(l8July). 1930 His fatherdied. 1941 He marriedhis first wife. 1944 He joinedthe AfricanNationalCongress. 1958 He marriedhis secondwife.

TINIT5

' . . . supportedhundredsof bankersandproperty owners.' Task 5 1 'Did anyonefind out who did it?' 2 ' . . . it's better not to talk aboutit . . .' 3 ' . . . I was still warnednot to talk aboutthe murder.' 4 'Yet this silencemademe very interested.' Task 6 Sir Harry Oakes'life 4

WhokilledSir Harry Oakes? Part2 Task 2 I Paragraph3 2 Harry's boyhood 3 His daysofpoverty 4 Paragraph6 5 Paragraph5 6 Paragraph1 Task 3 landC 2andF 3andA 4andE 5andB 6andG TandD Task4 dishonest: No, he paidoff his partnersandrepaidhis sister. 'was quiet soci.able: No, Harry a boy'. ambitious:Yes, his obsessionwith dreamsof wealth . . . goldmine. adaptable: Yes, he survived'the very longworkinghours andthe difficultlife in the goldmine.' strong:Yes, he workedhardin the minesandtravelleda lot. Task 5 2 . Hehad becomevery rough. . Womendidn't like the way he spoke. . Becauseof his,roughness it maybe dfficult for him to find girlfriends.

WhokilledSirHarry0akes? Part1

WhokilledSir HarryOakes? Part3

Task 3 1 True 2 False 3 False Task 4 1 ' . . . ' r e t i r e d ' t o N a s s.a. u .' 2 'ataxhaven' '. . . the playground 3 of the rich'

Task I The successfullife of Harry Oakes Task 2 I 'Yet he met andmarried a girl who was his oppositein everyway.' 2 His wife 'did not like the lonelylife'. 'gavehalfa milliondollars. . . andother generous 3 He offers'. 4 'He wasnow a'made'man.' 5 'Then camedisaster.'

52

Key

Td3 Fr"sf Caada- First they lived near the mine andthen reatr{ugaraFalls. Second:Bahamas.They had a twenty-room mansionin Nassaucalled'Westwood'. Third: London They becameinterestedin British affairs andgavea lot of moneyto localcharities,especiallythe St George'sHospital,London. Fourth: Bahamasagain.They mixedwith highsocietyand Oakesbecamea memberof the Bahamas'House of Assembly. Task 4 I True. ShepersuadedHarry to moveto an enorrnous castlewhereKing Edwardis saidto havespenta night. 2 True. Informationin Paragraphs 2, 3 and.4. 3 True.'Thereareno taxes.' 4 False. Informationin paragraphs2 and4. 5 True. They appearedin the honourslist for King GeorgeVI's birthday.

WhokilledSir Harry Oakes? Part4 Task I He was murdered. Task 2 I True 2 False 3 True 4 False 5 False Task 3 andTask 4 SIRHARRY 1 disagreedwith Lansky 5 lost his temper 7 collapsedto the floor 8 hadbeenknocked unconsclous CHRISTIE 11 wasshocked 4 tried to warn

LANSKY was ruthless 2 likednobodyto disagreewith him 3 wasusedto disposing of people

ERS 6 struckSir Harry t half-carriedhim 12 set fire to the bed 10 orderedChristieto drive 13 racedfrom the room The numbersindicatethe order in whichthe events happened('wasruthless'isnot includedas this is a stare rather thanan event).

53 onpage22 HowTo ScoreYourDiet Questionnaire . . . .

For question1 scoreis the sameasthe answer. 2, 3, 7, L3, 14, 16score0 for 'no'and2 for 'yes'. For questio;ns For questions4, 5, 10scorehalftheanswer. 8, 9, Il, 12,15,score0 for'lessthan2',score1 for For questions 'lessthan4', score2 for 'lessthan8', andscore3 for'8 or more'. . For question6, score0 for '0', score1 for 'lessthan2',score2 for 'lessthan10',score3 for'10 or more'. o For question17,score0 for '2 or more',score1 for '1', score1 for 'lessthan1'. . For question18,score0 for 'morethan49Vo',score1 for 'more tlnn 30Vo',score2 for'morethanIjVo', score3 for' lj%oor less'.