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C
MB
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A
P (x)
fGh$T#
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P (x) = 4x3 − 2x2 − 15x + 9 α β α2 + 3β 2 = 4
Q(x) = 12x3 + 6x2 − 7x + 1
P (x)
Q(x)
n (x, y1 , y2 , . . . , yn )
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#2& hQf,%eye'mh/aq&cq"#:$c#%,-e'Jid ^ #-$0/j14,.JKLeU#2& ^ #}&)(*#/
#2& hQf[,%eyefviJ p &cqUhJ*/ /a,-&cqr/afy+QqvJu&)(*# p hJKQqy&cqvhJ (x + 1)2 + y12
= (x + 2)2 + y22 = · · · 2 = (x + k)2 + yk2 = · · · = (x + n)2 + yn
f
f (cot x) = sin 2x + cos 2x (0, π) g(x) = f (x) · f (1 − x) [−1, 1]
α {xn } n = 1 2 3 . . . n = 1 2 3 ...
α 6= 0
x1 = 0
x
xn+1 (xn + α) = α + 1
{xn }
{xn }
n → +∞
+
F
f :
+
→
+
fG,%heye $T#
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x∈
f (3x) ≥ f f (2x) + x
+
x∈
α
+
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n > 1
n
n
n = 2002
n = 2003
n > 1 sn n 1 ≤ |ak − k| ≤ 2 k = 1 2 ... n < sn < 2 · sn−1 n>6
(a1 , a2 , . . . , an ) 1.75 · sn−1
5 )c9 X7 e hgp g7"bdm
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2003 a b c
3
a2 + bc
a
O
S1
n
√ a n
M
ABCD ABO
S2 K
S1
O
S2
L OL OM O K P
M
AB
CD P Q OP : P L = M Q : QO
M
CDO S2 S1
Q
n ≥ 2
n−1
n
x1 x2 . . . x n
S
√ n − 1 x21 + x22 + · · · + x2n ≥ 2S X
X0
T
X
9
T
T
X
0
X
~
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5
a0 an+1 = an /5 5
an √ an+1 = 5an an N {an }n≥N ABC
ωa K P O N
AB AC N ABC
O
an
I
M
BC
KM
I
N
1
400
20 × 20
N
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X Y O 1 O2 P r Qr 4AXO1 ∼ 4AY Pr
P r Qr
AO1 O2 ∠AXO1 = ∠AY Pr
R
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∠AY B = ∠AY Pr = ∠AXO1 = ∠AXB = 2∠AY B X AX = BX = Y X M B BM M X = BX = Y X P r Qr x
1 ∠AXB 2
AX = BX 4AY B
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z
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y
x0 = 2x1 10x21 − 7y 2 = 22z12 10x21 − 28y12 = 22z12
z
14y 2 ≡ 14 ≡ 6 x z
y
x 6= 0 x0 y z ∈ (x0 , y, z) z = 2z1 20x21 − 14y 2 = 44z12 y y = 2y1 5x21 − 14y12 = 11z12 (x1 , y1 , z1 ) 0 < x 1 < x0
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!"$#%&(')*,+.-01/ 2 )435%7698;:<%<=03> 1 #7@?7=0A"B 1 6 + 1 CED FG@HIJ@K!I ∞ X ∞ ∞ X X 1 1 ij(i + j)
= 2
n3
L &NM9O IPIJHQH!RESTFUIJHWVXFY[Z@I \]F@R,I F ^_` a$ $ bcd_$ $"e Hf\]REghYiZSEHSTK gF@RjkHg I ZED HmlnmIJHPoD F@oF@VXHD p U i=1 j=1
P (k) =
∞ X
···
∞ X
n=1
1 i1 i2 · · · ik (i1 + i2 + · · · + ik )
UqF@D k = 1 2 3 . . . IJH!R P (k) = kζ(k + 1) $e JH!D H ζ(k + 1) \]VrIJHs>\.H!tuKRR v!HIaKwU]ZEREg I \.F@RfHxGK!Y[ZEKIhHSuK!I k + 1 y kz JHmghF@RjkH$g I ZED H K$V\iIF@Da\.{7\[RKYiY|n4K$ooH!K$D HS e K$VyIJ@KI $e J\]g}J e K$V~FlG\.FZEVY|n\[REgF@D D H$g I KGζ(k) \.SDa= K$S@kζ(k Y]Hxn +R@\|1) G@H!DaV}\|I;nfFUr
K\[REH D F@REF
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p 7O KRESN\0v!JFZ i1 =1
ik =1
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/,
∞ X
i1 =1
l#
]&\
k=2
···
∞ X
ik =1
∞
X 1 = k! i1 i2 · · · ik (i1 + i2 + · · · + ik + a) i=0 P (k)
!
P (k)
a−1 i
(i + 1)k+1
a=0
Ga ',
∞ X
∞ X
Z 1 1 xi1 +i2 +···+ik −1 dx i i · · · i 1 2 k 0 i1 =1 ik =1 X Z 1 X ∞ ∞ 1 xi1 xik = ··· dx i 0 x i =1 i1 ik =1 k 1 k Z 1 k ln(1 − x) dx = (−1) x 0
=
···
z
#}Jh.n i/#]&)(*#}/ai ^ /)&cq&ci&cqUhJ P (k) = (−1)k
Z
1
t=1−x (ln t)k
qvJV&)(*#, ^ h%"#tqvJQ&c#.uj$0,-e&chku-#j&
dt = (−1)k
1−t Z 1 tn (ln t)k dt
Z
1
(ln t)k
z EJV"QqU#Bn hQf4&)(*#tqvJQ&c#.uj$0,j&cqUhJ ^ +km*,.$?&c/TfGh$bdCi*ev,%/j1%n:#}/#.#]&)(,j& = (−1)k
0
∞ X
n=0
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(−1)
i
Z
1
n=0
0
tn (ln t)k dt = (−1)k
0
P (k) = (−1)k
∞ X
(−1)k
n=0
= k!
0
X ∞
∞ X
n=0
(n +
k! (n +
1)k+1
z
k! (n + 1)k+1
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= k!ζ(k + 1)
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tn dt
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c+d+e
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a2
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+
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k
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a2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + e2 = 1 X
1 =
a2
2
2 p a a b+c+d √ b + c + d X X a2 2 a (b + c + d) b + c + d
X
= ≤
[(Qi/21q&|/)i* p #%/|&bhC/(*h.n<&)(,j& X
z
3 a2 (b + c + d) ≤ √ 5
³Tuj,%qrJ[1 ^ +V&)(*#:,%i p (.+* p (.n},%$ =EJ#.Qi,%eyqy&E+[1.n:#}(,j"#
X
2
a (b + c + d)
2
z
X
≤
X
=
}#-J p #Q14w z fGhQeyeUh.n}/|qrf*n:# p ., Jk/(*h.n<&)(,j&
a
2
X
w z 2
a (b + c + d)
a2 (b + c + d)2
2
z
z [(*#:,%i p (.+* p (.n},%$ =EJ#.Qi,%eyqy&E++qv#-evK*/|&)(*#tfGhQerevh.nqvJu&?n:hVqrJ#.Qi,%eyqy&cqv#%/Ku X
a2 (b + c + d)2 ≤
,.JK
(b + c + d)2 ≤
X
a2 +e2
2
5
12 + 1 2 + 1 2 b 2 + c 2 + d 2 = 3 b 2 + c 2 + d 2
≤ 12 +12 +12 +12 +12
[ (*#-/
#Q16&ch*u-#j&)(*#-$nq&)(:&)(*#tfU, p &~&)(,-& &)(,-&
9
X
a2 +e2
2
P
a4 + a 2 e
2
=
2
=5
X
a2 +e2
P
a2 + e2
2
2
16qrdLme+
z
{ X
a2 b + c + d
2
≤ 3 = 3
X
a2 b 2 + c 2 + d 2
a
X
= 3− ≤ 3−
2
− 3
3 X
2
3
X
4
= 3
a +a e
a + e2
X
2
2
a +e
2
a2 1 − a 2 − e2
2
2
X
2
2
3
= 3−
(2)2 =
z
9
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(a, b, c, d, e)
X
β = β(α)
a b c d e √ ,√ ,√ ,√ ,√ r r r r r
10
5
r = a2 +b2 +c2 +d2 +e2
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m]0
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γ aα 5(1−γ) β ≥ a + b β + c β + d β + eβ b+c+d 3 γ = γ(α)
:1>9 <215P4 : N0 9 U
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K$RESuSHI HD t4\[REH e JHRuH@ZEK!Y[\|I;n4FgghZEDaV +]B+ # !]+k6#')#"$;%<+!%!- 1 $=#&'&E%6.=)(6(*,+ 2i2 #*> 2i2 %,+!+ 1 k%.-k6@#&]+'!k%7=/!0 }6 ;$2]1 2= 1352 4 1 697 & 6+ %-> = 28 >BuB9$6+:.)> 2i2 %,+@%<=<; +]6k% 1 ? %6@=2=!6!= > @? HI F (a, b, c) =
a b c + + b+c c+a a+b
e i\ IJuSEF@t4K\[R z JH!R ∂ f @nuVan@tutuHIhDkn e H 2b 2c [r, s] = + >0 b)F@REHFU\iIaV5IJ@D H$HGKD \[KlY.H!V gF@REghYiZSEHIJ@KI \[V K VhIhD \]g I Y|∂a nPghF@RG@HB(c AU]+ ZEREa) g I \.F@R \]Rw(aH!+ Kg}JP z JH!R K!IaIaK\[RFV\iIaV~tuK,A$\[t4ZEt KIrIJHG@HD I \.ghHVFU>IJHwlEF@A @n4Vant4t(H7IhDkn [r, s]3 e HPREHFH$SuF@R@Y n4g}JH$Bg CwUqFZEDyFUIJHG@H!DaI \]gH!V 2
2
3
F (r, r, r) =
K$RES
F (r, s, s) =
3 2
+
3 2
(r − s)2
2s(r + s)
3
= F (s, s, s) <
3 2
+
(r − s)2
3r(r + s)
= F (r, r, s)
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s
H { R m8Qm {{/HE . 2 9 6E;r >: x TE -m v m t U > <20 5 6 9 6J S yo6 : <&5*21yjE P6/6 E 5 J1@/0 : 6 F C9 5 J@ 4 <&E ? E 6/5Pn 9L> <&5P4 S E;{ :hx 5 >: F : E vm]E
6GO 9 H/--1E 2OAE -m -m
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F@RVhIhD Zg I IJHfoEF\]RI Q F@R BC F@RQIJH(V}K$tuH(V}\]SEH(FU C KV B V}Zg}JWIJ@KI KRESWgF@RVhIhD Zg I~IJHoEF\]RI P F@R BC F@RfIJHV}K$tuHV}\]SEHFU B K$V C QC = AC V}Zg}JmIJ@K!I P B = AB CED FG@HIJ@K!I 4A0 B 0 C 0 \]VV\]t\[Y[K$D I F 4AQP 2 !]+k6W'$# ) 6+ %-> = 28 >Bu9 B $6:+ . ) > 2i2 ,% +@%<<= ; +]6 k% 1 ?%6@2= =6!= > @? HI 0 lH IJH \]RI HDaVXH$g I \]F@R4oF\[RIFU AP K$RES BE \]REghD H BE l@\[VxHg I V ∠ABP FUIJH \]VXF@VxghH!Y]HVIhDa\]KRE{7Y.H ABP e H J@K7G@H F@RVxH @ZH!RI Y|n \[VKg;n@ghY[\] g ZEKS@D \iY]KIhH!DaKY K$RES e HQ{!H7I BE ⊥ AP P DB 0 D 0 E [ \ 4 t i \ ] Y K D Y n 0 0 0 0 0 0 ghF@[email protected] \]RE{ IJHPoD FFU >56+;?%7a#+;&
∠AP Q = ∠A B C
∠AQP = ∠A C B A
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r
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#
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L
X
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G C
X
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x = s−a y = s−b z = s−c 4ABC F R=
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8
8
,
D ≤
1 16
s =
1 (a 2
F = rs
R −2 r
+ b + c) 4ABC
R abcs abcs (x + y)(y + z)(z + x) = = = 2 r 4F 4s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) 4xyz (x + y)(y + z)(z + x) 4xyz
a/ qrJ p # &)(,-&
y+z 1 ≥ 4yz y+z
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(x + y)(y + z)
+
(x + y)(y + z)
1 Q1 n:(Qq p (kqvdkm*eyqU#-/
4yz 4xy x+y y+z c a + = + y+z x+y a c
x+y 1 ≥ 4xy x+y
z(Qi/j1
R c a ≥ + r a c
√ √ √ √ c2 + a2 (a − c)2 ( a + c)2 ( a − c)2 −2 = = ac ac ac √ √ √ 4 ac( a − c)2 ac D
z w z &)(,-& i4#&ch&)(*#]z-/0qr+*J dkp # do#2&b$E+qrJ 1-n:#dL,2+,./a/aidL#1jnqy&)(*hQi&eUh/a/|hQf4u-#%J#-$0,%eyqy&E+[1 1 ,.JKk/)qvJ p # 1.n:#}(,j"# ≥
a≥b≥c
√ √ √ √ 2 ( a − b) + ( b − c) √ √ √ √ ≥ ( a − b)2 + ( b − c)2 √ √ √ √ √ √ ( a + b + c)2 ≥ ( a + 2 c)2 ≥ 8 ac √ √ √ √ √ √ ( a − b)2 + ( b − c)2 + ( c − a)2 D = √ √ √ ( a + b + c)2 √ √ √ √ √ 2( a − c)2 4 ac( a − c)2 ≤ = √ 8 ac 16ac
√ √ ( a − c)2
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w z ,.JKQw= z 1
n:#
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z
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R −2 r
z
)
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wa
wb
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wc
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R
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+
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a
b
c
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v=6 5
9
12
N 3 5 5 7 9 11 11 11 17 19 23 41
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Tk Tk
Rk
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rk
P (T )
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T
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a k+1
C1 B
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= c2 + =
zA%#2&
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1
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=
−
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2
2
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bk + c k+1
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bk + c k+1
b2 (k2 + k) + c2 (k + 1) − a2 k < (bk + c)2 |b − c| < a 4ABC
A2 C · B2 C · sin C ab(k + 1) sin C k+1 = = [ABC] 2 2 2(k + 2) (k + 2)2
:n-qv#:J p K*#]#.&)KQ(*i #tp #t/)qU&)K*(#%,j/T& hQf [CA2 B2 ] =
[Tk ] =
4A2 B2 C2
,.$c#]qrJ&)(*#t$0,j&cqUh
(k + 2)2 [A2 B2 C2 ] = (k + 1)2 =
z
bk + c + ck + a + ak + b = P (ABC) k+1
k+2 : k+1
&bh}&)(*#t/aqvK#-/OhQf 1 Tk
(k + 2)2 k+1 [ABC] − 3 [ABC] (k + 1)2 (k + 2)2 2 (k + k + 1) [ABC] (k + 1)2
z
z
{
{'z#}(,2"# AA1
=
√ b 2 k 2 + c 2 + b 2 k + c 2 k − a2 k
≥
k+1 √ p √ 2 2bck + b k + c2 k − a2 k k (b + c)2 − a2 = k+1 k+1 √ p √ p k (b + c + a)(b + c − a) 2 k s(s − a) = k+1 k+1
-qvJ p #
= Rk = Rk
AA1 · BB1 · CC1 4[Tk ]
z
1Qq&fGhQeyeUh.n}/&)(,-&
√ p 8k k s3 (s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
≥
k2 + k + 1
(k + 1)3 · 4 · [ABC] (k + 1)2 √ √ 2k k · s · [ABC] k k P (ABC) = = (k + 1)(k2 + k + 1)[ABC] (k + 1)(k2 + k + 1) p [ABC] = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) bk = c ck = a ak = b abck3 = abc k=1 a=b=c
1
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2[Tk ] P (Tk )
r =
2[ABC] P ([ABC])
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