The Songs of Kam Raw HÅKAN LUNDSTRÖM and DAMRONG TAYANIN Today, the Kammu are an upland people mainly found in Laos, Yunnan and Thailand. It has long been recognized that this people – who have retained their orally based culture through to the present day – are a repository for much that has been lost or ignored in the literate cultures of their lowland neighbours. So it is too with music.
This book should be seen as a companion volume to I Will Send My Song (by Håkan Lundström), which is an ethnomusicological study of this singing tradition. Together the two volumes provide new and extensive information on the rather little studied field of Kammu singing.
www.niaspress.dk
KAMMU SONGS
What this volume offers is one person’s repertoire of social adult songs, namely the repertoire of Kam Raw who grew up in a Kammu village in northern Laos. The words of the songs are given in the Kammu language with English interpretations. The songs are presented in simplified form but also appear as they do in the actual singing situations. Thus, this is more than a collection of songs since it also attempts to demonstrate how the songs may be varied in practical use.
LUNDSTRÖM and TAYANIN
KAMMU SONGS
HÅKAN LUNDSTRÖM and DAMRONG TAYANIN
KAMMU SONGS The Songs of Kam Raw
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KAMMUSONGS
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KAMMU SONGS
The Songs of Kam Raw
Hdkan Lundstrom and Kam Raw Tayanin
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First published in 2006 by NlAS Press Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Leifsgade 33, DK-231X) Copenhagen S, Denmark tek (+45) 3532 950 1 • fax (+45) 3532 9549 emai l:
[email protected] · website: www. nias.press.dk
© Hakan Lundstrom 2006
Produced by Bookchase and printed in the European Union
British Library Cataloguing Publication Data Lundstrom, Hakan Kammu songs: the songs of Kam Raw. - (Kammu worlds: 2) I .Khmu' (Southeast Asian people) - Laos - Songs and music Texts 2) Khmu' (Southeast Asian people) - Laos - Songs and music - History and criticism 3.Folk songs, LaoInterpretation (Phrasi ng, dynamics, elc.) 4. FoIk songs, Lao - Texts 5.Folk songs, Lao - Hi story and criticism I.Title I1 .Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 783.4'2162'009594 ISBN 879111 4241
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C ONTENTS Figure;}' Preface
'"
Kammll PrOllunciation
viii
Signs and Abbreviations
PART I :
ix
INTRODUCT ION
5 9 13 15 20 27 29
K am Raw and Singing
Kammu Su ng Poetry Translat ions and Interpretations Representing a Li ving Repertoire Kammu Poetic Principles
Categories of Trnm T he Organ ization of the Repertoire
PART 2:
KAM R AW'S R EPERTOIRE
Songs of Feasting Greeting Songs Respect/ul Songs Songs of Praise Songs of Deprecation Songs of Special Feasts Songs of Cheering and Singing
B.
Songs of Various Situatio ns Songs o/rhe Forest Songs of the Field~· Songs of YOllng People Song Made in Sweden
159 168 177 186
Words of Address
189
C. PART 3:
33 35 43 57 77 84 95
A.
157
PERFORMANCES
DI. Suites
20 1
D2. Song Exchanges
22 1
ApPEND IX 1:
COMMENT S ON THE SONGS
277
ApPEND IX 2:
INDEX OF KAM RAW'S R EPERTOIRE
285
Primary SOll rces, References
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F IGURES
Parallelism between stanzas and rhyme-words between stanzas
14
2
Interpretation constructed backwards by use of parallelism and rhymes
14
3
Descriptive model in which the parallel lines '\ ' and '2' respectively of stanzas 'a' and 'b' have been grouped together in order to show the rhyme pattern
16
Im~n
17
4
One possible way of perfonning the
5
Basic frame and the distribution of musical phrases in the 160m Yilan template
18
6
One possible way of combining segments, words of address and stanzas
19
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in the model in Figure 3
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PREFACE How does one describe a repertoire that is constantly changing? How docs one write down songs that never exist in a fixed form? Songs that have no definite beginning or end but arc always varied and combined with each other? How can this be done without reducing them to something standardized and fixed? These are some of the questions underlying th is volume, for these characteristics do apply to the singing of the Kammu, an ethnic minority in Laos. This is a compi lation of the lrn;x,.n - a Kammu concept for song - in the repertoire of one representative of Kammu cul ture. Hi s name is Kam Raw. The problems involved in describing th is repertoire were studied in I will selld my song ... (Lundstrom 2(05) where the Kamm u singing tradition t~11l was analysed. The conclusions reached there were necessary prerequisites for the present volume, which is an attempt 10 describe Kam Raw's repertoire of t rn ~ as something variable and continually changing. Each song is given in a word-for-word translation and a more free interpretation. The book has been divided in four parts: Part I describes the techn iques of performance and varialion, Part 2 lists the t rn~ in an abbreviated form organized largely after the uses of the respective t rn~, and Part 3 demonstrates tm~ as they appear when varied and combined in actual singi ng situations. Finally there is an appendix with comments and explanatory delails. This volume is the product of many years of co-operation between the authors, dat ing back to our first meeting in the mid- 1970s and the recording of a Kammu si nger. The reason that we at all met and that we could continue our contact was a series of research projects on Kammu language and culture which were initiated and led by Dr Kristina Lindell at Lund University, Sweden. This environment and the long-term cooperation with Dr Lindell and Professor Jan-Olof Svantesson, a linguist, provided the setting for o ur work. These projects also provided the system of transl iteration of the Kammu language used in thi s book. When we started our work we had little or no comparative material and basically no know ledge about the songs with regard to musical and poetical structure. After many years there is now a systematic approach to the songs and the singing and there is a nearly fi nished dictionary in which also the words that appear in the songs can be found and explained. Needless to say, this could not have been achieved without the long-term support provided by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary FoulIlJarioll that also supported the printing of this book, the Swedish COUllcil for Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences and the erafoord Foundation.
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Kalllnlll sO ll g s
K A MMU PRONUNCIATION
Like German 'St1,!dt' Like Engli sh 'bnit' Li ke English 'tht';' Like English 'bet' Like English 'bit' Somewhat like English 'sQ:Q.t' but unrounded Like English 'bQat' Like English 'hot' Li ke English 'cut' Like English 'bQQt'
e"
•
e
• o
o A
c
y
Li ke Like Like Like Like
./
Glonal slap
fi
,
Lollg
~'owels:
Long vowels are indicated by double letters, for example: ;JQ
ii
Word toiles:
English '&beck' Engli sh '!lew' Engli sh 'song' Italian 'r' English 'you '
Like English 'hyrt ' Li ke English 'beat'
•
Li ke English 'th~' Like English 'bit'
high word tone low word tone
Minor syllables: Certain consonant combinations at the beginning of words are pronounced with a short ';}' after one of the consonants, such as hrlH (pronounced h~ IH) or trn~ (pronounced t~n~). These so called schwa vowels are almost inaudible in speech but often clearly audible in singi ng. They are therefore on ly written out in words given in combination with musical transcriptions.
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Si g n s {lIrd Abbrel' iatiolls
SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS In word-for-word translations, the translation is placed below the Kammu words. When plants and animals cannot be given their scientific names the words are only translated by the category 'tree', ' plant', 'bird', etc. given in italics. The same goes for categories like 'name' , 'tit le', 'measure', etc. Apart from this, the following signs are used:
o 111 II II Air.
elf exp e:tjJ beal exp look exp sowui here
"
p
p,o
,
V, var
meaning unknown meaning uncertain (in Kammu text:) inaudible, obvious mistake (in English text: ) explanation alternative words or lines of a trn~ are given immediately after the imerpretation classifier expressive (the word in question expresses a certain quality such as how wmething looks, wunds or feels) expresses how one beats expresses how something looks expresses how something sounds special use noun particle pronoun verb variation of lines variation of trnm
Comments:
' Imerprelation*' denotes that there is a comment to the song.
Numbers of songs:
Bold code in the right-hand column, for example '7c l '.
Numbers of lines:
Code in the right-hand column, for example '2b l ' referring to the model in Fig 3 in Introduction (concerns Part 2: Repertoi re)
Cross references:
From Part 2: Repertoire to Part 3: Performances: '/IIIJerjormallce: see .. .'
From Part 3: Performances to Part 2: Repertoire: Number of song, for example '7c l ' placed in a right-hand column beside tit les and number of lines in the interpretations.
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PART
1:
INTRODUCTION
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K AM R AW AN D S ING ING Kam Raw was born around 1938 in the village Rmcual in the area called Yuan wh ich is located north of the river Nam Tha in northern Laos. His mother tongue is a dialect of the Kammu language. He considers himself 10 belong to the Kammu people, the largest ethnic minority in northern Laos. Kam spent his childhood in his home village where life at that time fo llowed rather traditional patterns. ' There he learnt a way of life that incl uded the orally transmitted traditions. Apart from the songs called trn~n his vocal repertoire also includes children's songs, lu llabies, ceremonial songs and shaman songs. About the t rn~ Kam Raw says: Everybody should know the trn ~ - that is, not nowadays but from my father's generation and back. You don't want another person to get the better of you. It is li ke pairs of trnxm. If somebody performs a I rn ~, then, like a question, you shou ld be able 10 answer correctly in order not to lose face . At feast ing, the singer chooses who should answer by nipping at that person's straw to the wine jar. Children didn't tXm together with the grown-ups at parties, but in the fiel ds they could do that . At feasts boys at the age of six or seven could sit on their fathers' knees. The elders used to say: 'You will never get good relat ions with other people if you don' tt Xm. You will stay by yourself. You wi ll never get pcople for parties and you cannot go to another village or play with girl s.' So the boys liked to sit on their fathe rs' knees and learn . The fo llowi ng morning my fat her used to ask: ' Did you hear which trnOom we used? Why do you think we used those?' Boys also used to gather by themselves during parties and try to I ~ like the grown- ups. Women did not join the drinking men but used to sit by themselves. The women didn't stay up so late, so ch ildren who spent their time wi th thei r mothers didn't learn so much . People t{jrom while alone or in the company of other persons. In the latter case the singing is often di rected at one or several of those present. Si nging to a person normally impl ies that an answer is expected or that the other person will take over. Tradit ional situations fo r t ~n while alone were when wal king along forest paths in order to
Sec Tayanin 1994, Tayallill alld Lindell 199J and also Lindell el al. 1982 and I984a: xvi- xxiv, Lundstrom 2005.
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gather food, to go fis hing or while travel ling for trading purposes. One occasion to 160m in company with others was at evening gatherings in the fields in the period before harvest ing when mainly young boys stayed there. Bul the main occasion to 160m was vi llage fcasts. Feasts were arranged when visitors arri ved but also in connection with ceremonies of the li fe-cycle and the yearly cycle. At fcasts, the si nging was predominantly done by men, who were seated around a common wine jar,
sipping rice wine through straws. The singing could go on all through the night and could have an clement of competition . Ceremonial fcas ts
could Jast for several days. You t6dm basically because you are happy or because you are sad, but there were certain restrictions. It was bad manners or even forb idden to t6o!n inside the vi llage if no feast was going o n. In that case another vocal genre called hrf+i was normally used. Also if someone paid a visit to a villager, but not in connection with a wine feast , and the visitor and host wanted to exchange trn~n then it wou ld be suitable to use hrf+i. T~ was taboo when somebody had died - in fact the fam ily members of a deceased person should not t6o!n fo r a year. In the past this taboo lasted for three years. It was a lso taboo to t&m in the fields during harvesting for it was believed that loud sounds wou ld anger the rice soul and thereby endanger the harvest. Some trnOom are very sad and lonely. According to Kam Raw a trnOom might make people miss a person who used to sing that particular one often. Other trn~n may make the o ne who hears them really believe that he or she is as beautiful or wealthy as the singer claims. There are many trnOCrn and there arc many factors which in nuence the choice of a particular trn~n in a given situation. Some trn~n are sung with the intention of making people feel happy and at ease, whereas others make the hearer angry or sad. Before starti ng to sing Kam Raw cons iders to whom he intends to sing: is it a person from his wife-giver's side o r his wife-taker's side, is it a stranger or a good friend, is it a younger or a much o lder person, is it a man or a woman, is it a person of superior stand ing or not? He also considers whether he is a guest of the other party or if the other party is his guest. Furthermore he thinks of where he is. If the singing occurs in somebody's fi cld he wil l fi rst sing in praise of thc field and the rice there. If it is in another village or in somebody's house he will first sing of the village and the house. What he will sing also depends on who wi ll be the fi rst one to sing. If, for example. one of his wife-g iver's side arrives 10 Kam's ho use and the former will start the si ngi ng, Kam will have to respond with suitable trn~n. Apart from the stimu lation at home and at play with other ch ildren. Kam Raw sees
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certain other situations as particu larl y important in his learning process. One was the si nging that occurred among young boys and unmarried young men when they lived together in the common-house of the village. Anothe r occasion for picking up trn~ was wh ile wal king in connection wi th journeys related 10 trading or seasonal work away from home. Above all he mentions the sing ing that was done in the fie lds, particularly during the months immediately before the harvesti ng season. At that time of year - roughly from August to September - young boys lived in the fie lds in order to watch over the growing rice and to guard it from birds and wild animals. The evenings and nights were spent in small field houses. Thi s was a ti me when the youngest ch ildren learnt singing and the playing of certain musical instruments from their older friends. When Kam Raw first stayed in a field, he was about ten years of age. In the evenings the boys from neighbouring fields used to gather in one of the field houses where the the older boys would teach trn~ to the younger ones. Often enough this seems to have taken the fonn of fonnal lessons during which two, three or even more trn~ were taught. At th is time of the year the boys also did some hunting and fish ing. Trn~ were also taught on such occasions, particularly whi le walki ng along forest paths in small groups or in pairs. The trnOom that were taught in these situations were of many ki nds and were not li mited to those with subjects concerning the fields or the forest. Thus Kam remembers that he learnt the trn~ of the wedding ceremony whi le staying in the fiel ds. These trnOom would not be sung in the village unless there was a marriage ceremony going on, but like several other t rn ~, they could be sung out of their ceremonial context in the fields - at least in this rather intimate situation. There were other trnOom and ceremonial songs which were not sung. even there. Among those were the songs of the fu neral ceremony and songs di rected to certain spirits. Kam learnt those as a child by overheari ng ceremonies during which they were sung and later on by participation in the ceremon ies. Another category of trnOom. which for practical reasons was more or less exempted from the teaching in the field houses, was trn~ of formal politeness which belonged to feast ing si tuations. Kam learnt such trnOom as a child wh ile listening to the adults and later as a participant in such situations. The first time that Kam Raw can recall that he actually attended a feast with adu lts as a true participant was in about 1958 when he was 20. Some indiv iduals were more important than others in the learn ing process and they are the ones who stand out as Kam Raw's teachers. In about 1951 Kam learnt trn~n from his elder uncle, Ta Y~JI11. Another person whom he considers a teacher was Raw Ua!) from his wife-tak ing side. A year later he learnt many trnOOffi from Kham Uta!), who was almost ten years older and also from his wife-taking side. This youth knew more trn~ than most other young people did, but he was very shy to taorn at feasts. Instead, he taught Kam Raw several trn:xm by means of the vocal genre hrfti, which is quite diffe rent. Kam sees him as his foremost teaching master. Kam Raw sings in a self-confident manner with much concentrat ion and genuine
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emotional involvement. It seldom happens that he has to stop a performance in order to search fo r words. If he is uncertai n whether he can manage . or if hi s fee ling is not right he prefers n OI to sing. He treasures his songs highly and demonstrates a strong responsibility towards his tradition. He is not a professio nal singer or musician and he is not regarded primarily as a singer. Actually there were no professional musicians in the culture where Kam grew up. Those who were considered particul arl y skill ful were called upon to sing or make music at rituals and ceremonies and Kam was suc h a person.
Away From the Village The years fro m 1960 on were a time of unrest in nort hern Laos. During the following years Kam Raw stayed at various places in and around his home area. At this time he learnt the t ~n styles of several vi llages in that part of the country. In 1973 Kam Raw was in Thailand where he beeame an assistant and an interpreter and eventually also an important informant of Dr Kristina Li ndell. He arrived in Sweden on 8 August 1974 and became a regu lar member of the recently begun Kammu Lang uage and Folklore Projecl. Si nce then he has - wi th the exception of frequent journeys to Southeast Asia and the USA - been living in Lund. Sweden and he is known by his official Thai name, Damrong Tayanin. After moving to Sweden, Kam Raw's musical activ ities have depended mainly on three c ircumstances: his family, the fact that he was the onl y native Kammu speaker in Sweden and his work in co-operation with Swedish researchers. In his fam il y Kam Raw has above all sung for hi s children, particu larly fo r his e ldest son who was born in 1978. Most of the lul labies, soothing songs and game songs that he sang then were recorded, mainly by himsel f. Thi s situation he lped him to recall many ch ild ren's songs that he knew as a child. When it comes to tm, his c hildren have heard Kam Raw t60m many times but not learnt it themselves. This is partly because they have been busy learning Swedish and then Thai and English and then - to differing degrees - the Kammu language. Another reason is that the natural soc ial environment for t60m does not e xi st in Sweden. Kam Raw has done his personal singing alone: for example while driving which reminds him of walking in the forest where one would normally sing to oneself. He has also composed some new songs. Among these are a lu llaby. some songs in Laotian sty le and a couple of trnOom. A form of soc ial singing which has been rathe r widespread lately among the Kammu in Laos as we]) as in other count ries is sending sung leite rs by cassette tape. Such ' letters' incl ude spoke n messages mixed with sung messages and the style is almost exclusively (;';,;::,rn. Kam Raw has also had several opportunities to take part in social singing with Kammu people while visiting the USA, Thailand and Laos. Much of his singing while li ving in Sweden has been related to research situations with the objective of recording. documenti ng and analysing the perform ances. As a member of a research team Kam Raw has also had the opportunity to tm in forma l
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si tuations as a courtesy to a host or as part of ceremonies, lectures or con ferences in the USA, China, Thailand and Laos as well as in Sweden where he once sang to the Swedish queen. For many years Kam Raw has spent much of his time actively working with ' rediscoveri ng' what he learnt while growing up. Th is has made him very observant of his own singing - and of other aspects of his cultural knowledge. Obviously Kam Raw's active musical life mainly consists of the repertoire that he learnt as he grew up and until he became a grown man. The refore the majority of his trn~ dates back to this earlier period. Though he is certainly a very competent singer. singing is nevertheless only one of the many skill s that he has. Apart from general knowledge and an understanding of various aspects and practices of Kammu culture and language, his repertoire of narratives is extensive (Lindell et al. 1984) and Kam says: 'The tales are our books and the songs arc our leite rs'. Kam Raw is very aware of his unusual situation and is happy about this, fo r considering the changes that Kammu cu lture has undergone he stresses that 'if I had continued living in Laos, I would probably not be able to sing at all today.'
K AMMU SUNG POETRY
The Concept 'Trn:):)m ' The closest Western equ ivalent to the Kammu concept t rn ~ is 'song'. In th is general sense they can be characterized as 'orally transmitted poems'. The words of the trn ~n normally fall into two stanzas, each of which contains four lines. Generally the firs l stanza is metaphorical and difficult to understand, whereas the second stanza contains a more concrete meani ng. The fi rst stanza may be seen as a poetic parallel 10 the second, The two stanzas are tied together by parallelism and rhymes. The fi rst line of the second stanza often serves as a title for the song. Three subgroups of themes dominate Kam Raw's repertoi re: social belonging, longing and journeying. The major reference source for the poetic imagery is nature. Nature - particularly plants and an imals - is a dominating source of reference in a number of differe nt ways: nature, particu larly plants and animals, is a dominating source of reference: nature words are often rhyme words; the images are mainly built on association and parallelism; the associative processes may occur simultaneously on several levels. The nature symbolism places the songs in a physical context invol vi ng insects, birds, trees, nowers, etc. that are part of the ecological environment. It also places them in a spiritual context si nce many of these metaphors are used in ceremonies and rituals. A bewildering juxtaposition of rhyme words may be present at the same lime as a parallel action builds up a simi larity between stanzas, and the key words trigger an association with a wider picture of the environment. When trn~ are extended into su ites or are performed in dialogue this complexity increases.
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The many aSJXX:lS of the associative q ualities of the nature images make
interpretation rather open and close ly related to contextual factors. In other words, one trn~ is likely to be given different meanings in different situations. Thi s means that even a rather limited rcpcrlOire may cover a w ide range of mean ings.
Vocal Genres It is not a simple matter to say to what degree the trn~ exi st as separate entities or exi st only when performed. The concept can be said to have three meanings: (I ) in a general sense approx imately meaning 'song'; (2) in an abstract sense meaning a distinctive sentence in combination with corresponding rhymes; and (3) in a specific sense mean ing a re-created ronn in perfonnance. The Irnoc,m may be performed according to a number of 'singing styles' or vocal expressions. Each such style is a 'vocal genre'. These vocal genres can be regarded as techniques for perfonning trn~ that differ in a number of aspects: musical motifs, rhythmic distribution of words, the relat ionship between word tone and musical pitch and the practice of vowel reduplication. Mastering the poetic capacities of Irn~ is essential to these techniques (the CD references below refer to Lundstrom 2(05). TXJrll The most elabomte vocal genre. In a traditional setti ng the singing is often done in direct communication between two or more si ngers - particularly in a party situation - but one would also t6<Jm wh ile alone, particu larly in the field s or in the fore st.
Hrni (approxi mately ' fl atter' or 'flattering talk ') had its proper place anytime when trn~ were sung inside the village when there was not a feast goi ng on, and when young people of both sexes sang to each other. Also frequently used in the fie lds. The trn~ used by young people are closely related to hr r.i.
Sung 10 a basic melody in free rhythm which starts high and fa lls to a ' recitation pitch' about one octave lower. There is a degree of coordination between word tones and pitch. Words and music are close ly intertwined through simultaneous var iation and there is much room for ind ivid ual expression. ICD Ir. 1.3.4, 10-201
A form of fast rec itation which apart from short init ial and final fonnulae has a total correlat ion between word tones and pilCh, i.e. in the mai n part on ly two pitches are employed (since the Yuan dialect of the Kammu language has two word tones: high and low). There is mi nor variat ion of the words.ICD Ir. 2. 5 J
Hnvi> (approxi mately 'long for. thi nk or) The words are sung to a melody belonged to situations outside of the consisting of a short motif of narrow village such as in the fi elds or while range.ICD Ir. 6J fishing. Especially used by adolescents, particularly females.
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Hliuw;;, Main ly sung in the fiel ds particularly by young girls.
and More or less identical 10 hm but differs in that it has a refrain sung to the syllables ' huu Wg' before and after the stanzas. leO Ir. 7/
Yoam ('weepi ng') was mainly performed by Performed to a melody bui lt on a women. Inside the village it was used short arch-shaped motif with a mi nor for soothing songs and dirges, whose flavour. leO rr. 8/ poetic fonn differs from that of the trn»n. Outside of the vi llage yaam was used for trn~ when women were by themselves while washing in a river, while fishing or catching frogs . Also young girls and boys used it sometimes. In that case yuam was used mainly for joki ng or youth trn m . 'Yuun i i il)' This is not a Kammu concept but a tenn used by mysel f fo r a vocal genre sim ilar to the 'Water tube dance' (Yuun (iiI) used at house-building feasts. This vocal genre was used for trn m in the forest or field areas.
The melody is longer than the abovementioned ones, iso-rhythmic and with a range of more than one octave. It also differs in being predominantly pentatonic. leO lr. 9/
T;i~m
Area Melodies In Kam Raw's home village in the Yuan area there was one basic t~l melody type with indiv idual personal variants. Neighbouring villages had their own t~ formulae sti ll within the same basic frame. Generally, the melod ies of other dialect areas differed more. Kam Raw knows a handful of such local formulae or (~l1area melodies: Toom Yuan Beg ins high and loud with an initial expressive ' H ooy' and develops to low and weak so that the overall shape of the melodic movement resembles a shouted phrase. There is a low-pitched 'Eee', 'oh', at the beginning of the second or later stanzas and somet imes after major pauses within the stanzas. The ends of stanzas are often sung accelerando. A fi nal expressive 'Kiiay sah', 'return, I say', ' then I say' meaning 'that's all', 'so' or 'this is what I say' , is sung at a low pitch and fin ished off wi th a downward slur. It occurs at the end of the stanzas but also sometimes at the end of the lines with in the stanzas. [CD lr. 3, 4,10,14- 17/
Toom K wU:1I An introductory ' Hooy' starts on a high grace note and leads much faster down to the recilation pitch. There is no part icular ending formula. The dynamic contrasts are not as big as in t~n Yuan and there is no marked accelerando at the end of stanzas. There is no special initial formula for the second stanza:
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either the rec itation conti nues or one starts over with the introductory ' H <XJy' which therefore is heard more often in t~n K wcrn. In the even-numbered lines syllables arc oflen squeezed into a shorter space by speed-doubling (contraction). Characteristically, almost every word has a vowel reduplication. The si ng ing is mainly at a low pitch level, almost only interrupted when there are high word lones or syllables with particul arly heavy stress. leD fr. II J T6;;mCw,b
An ini tial ' H;xly' is reached by a high grace note and followed by an ';);)y' that rather quickly fatl s nearly one octave to a recitation pitch. The final word of the first line is long, and here the pitch again rises 10 the high pitch leve l. Most words have vowel reduplication. As in 100m Kwtcn, speed-doubling occurs particularly in the beginni ng of even-numbered li nes. [CD fr. 121
TXNlI Cwilu - 2 Another melody from the the Cwaa area (the village ?em: and its surroundings). The me lody used in feast ing situatio ns in those villages resembles Yuun (iiI) (cL vocal genres above). It is different in character from the other t~n melodies.ICD Ir. 9[
TOOm Uu This me lody is q uite d ifferen t from the area melodies described so far. The initial ' H<X'lY' is sung at a much lower pitch than in the prev ious formulae , starts with a downward glissando, e nds with a gliding ' blue' note and is followed by a pause. The ' H<X'lY' is repeated approximately after every two lines and has the c haracter of a refrain rather than an initial form ula of a phrase. The words of the fi rst line are sung rather rapidly to a ri sing melody which is repeated for the second line. The general impression is that of a sy llablecounting perfonnance as opposed to the iambic organization of the other area melodies. Vowel reduplication occurs reg ularly on the pen ultimate wo rd of a line and onl y occasio nally elsewhere. There are no particular introductions for the first line of the second stanza and there are no fina l formul ae. [CD fr. J3/ The general characterist ics of tOOm performances are:
• there is an underlying slow pulse • an iam bic pallem of perfonning • methods of variation by which a varyi ng number of sy llables in a line are • • • •
combined with the me lody (prolongation, contraction and others) use of embelli shment words for means of symmetry and correction of number of syllables in a line systematic reduplication of vowels (nii'llj 'dear' becomes nlw l}-
T he Mono·Melodic System As can be seen fro m the above descriptions, Kam Raw's repertoire of tm~n can be musically realized in different ways depending on the choice of vocal genre. The
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13
InlrodllCliol1
performance involves a number of techn iques by which the trn~ can be transformed from a more or less abstract fonn into a poetic expression in perfonnance, thus having been re-created according to the principles of one of the vocal genres. One common denominator between all the vocal genres is that each one is built on one basic melody or tune that is varied according to the words of the trn ~n in question. Each vocal genre has its particular use with regard to time, place and the singer's sex . I have used the tenn mono-melodh: for this phenomenon . Similarly each t6;)m area melody is only one basic melody connected to the place where a certain dialect of the Kammu language is spoken . The trn~ has thus been placed withi n olle mOllo-melodic ~yslem of vocal genres alld olle mOllo-melodic ~yslelll of area melodies. This points towards a music which is organized in a rather spec ific way relati ve to social, spatial and situational factors.
TRANSLATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS Kam Raw 's singing has been recorded over a period of 25 years ( 1972- 97). A number of recordi ngs were made in the presence of a Kammu-speaking audience where Kam Raw either sang alone or in alternation with other Kammu singers. Many recordings were made in Sweden. If the perfonnance of two-three stanzas is counted as one 'song' the number of different ones is about 140. Since many were sung several times in different variations the total number in the collection may be about 500. Each song is presented in a word-for-word translation wh ich is intended to be as correct as possible. Then foll ows an interpretat ion. the aim of which is to catch the mean ing of the songs. These are much more free in style and emphasis has been put on keeping the parallelism, which is an important poetic principle in the poetry of the trn~ .
In most cases Kam Raw transcribed the words of the performances wh ich we then discussed together, sorti ng them out into lines, recognizing rhyme patterns and analysing the contents. The transliteration of the Kammu language was made according to the method developed within the Kammu Language and Folklore Project at Lund Uni versity (Svantesson et al. forthcom ing). All translations were made in co-operation, Generally Kam Raw made a first, approximate translation that we then worked on together and in communication with the lingui stic branch of the Kammu research team in Lund, where a dictionary is under production. The interpretations of the trn:xm, are rather free renderi ngs. It has often been impossible and also less meaningful to aim at exact translations. This is particularly true for the first half of the trn~n which normally involves metaphors with more or less obscure meanings. In many cases rhyme words in the first part of the songs have no mean ing - or rather they have the same meaning as the main words in the laller part of the song and thus become a certain kind of metaphor. Therefore many interpretations
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Kammll Songs
J4
arc very free in the fi rst stanza; the exact meanings - i f kno wn - are given in the wordfor-word translations.
Sometimes this results in odd-sounding combinations of words. This, however, parallel s the original trnOOm with the difference thai the words that may seem odd or unintelligible are well-known rh yme-pairs to the Kammu listener who is well-versed in the poetry of the trnOOm. The parallelism often functions as in the example Figure 1. The Irnixm in question is 7dl in Kam Raw's repertoire. [n th is case there arc actually only two sentences. T he rest consists of repetitions. As can be seen, the second stanza carries the concrete meaning whereas the fi rst can
Ix considered a picture or metaphor. The sentences arc
nearly identical and d iffe r almost only in the rhyme words (if 'x' denotes rhymes, the following are lTanslations of rhyming words: snail s X wanes; down X moon ; Aralia X can't; planted, isn't X fail, yearn)
[ Figure I.
The snails climb up and dmm, up and .ck!illl. I wish the Aralia was qlall/cd, but it isn't. The moon it grows and wanes, grows and wanes. J wish I could.kill to ream, but I call 't.
J
Parallelism between stanza;)' alld rhyme-word;)' between ;)'tanza;)' (7(1 I ),
In many cases the first stanza is untranslatable or does not make sense semantically, Th is may be because our knowlcdge of the language and metaphors is limited, or it may be because there is actually no semantic mean ing, i,e, the rhyme words have no semantic funct ion but are there in order to antic ipate their corresponding words in the second stanza. In sueh cases the translation has been bu ilt backwards, as in the following case (7a4). The sentences of the second stanza have been used for the first according to the principle of parallelism, The rhyme words have then been fitted into their slots, even if the result becomes semant icall y meaningless or di ffuse.
[ Figure 2.
Who twined you your hraru;h, dear? Was it the fish roasting outside ~? Who ~ you your beaut y, dear? Was it the Drw!oll in the Ktiup-valley ?
J
Interpretation constructed backwards by use of parallelism alld rhymes (7a4).
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15
InlrodllCliol1
The aim has been to make the renderings readable (as soon as the reader gets used to their form, that is); also, if necessary, to in vent 'parallel' metaphors and, above all , to maintain parallel ism, which is such an important structural element of the trn:xrn. No anempts have been made to keep the origi nal number of syllables, nor the rhymes. Damrong TayaninlKam Raw has been the ultimate j udge of the qual ity of the interpretations both with regard to exactness and feeling.
REPRESENTING A LIV ING REPERTOIRE A Descriptive Model In performance, trn~ words or whole lines can be varied from one performance to the next. Lines may be added and two or more trnOom may be interwoven. It is therefore not possible to say which one of a number of versions is the basic one. In fact there might not be an 'original' version because the trn:xrn seem to exist only when sung. For the present description of a repertoire, it is nevertheless essential that the words of a trn~n can be defined in one form , nex ible e nough to permit the description of the different versions in which the particular trn ~ appears. A number of characteristics should be covered by such a description and a model has been devised in order to meet these ends (Figure 3):
• • • • • •
division into stanzas, lines and sy llables paralleli sm nexible order of lines rh yme patterns comb inations of trn:xrn combinations wi th embellishme nt words, words of address, and so forth
The model is built on the constants of the trn ~)fll, namely li nes which are identified by their syntactic form and rhyme patterns and are repeated orten throughout the trn~ . Lines that do not fit together in these respects wi ll be considered as belonging to different trn ~. In this manner it is possible to reduce a performance to one or more basic formulae. The sentences or phrases ('lines' ) are called' I ' and '2' respect ively. The letters ' a' and 'b' stand for fi rst and second stanzas. The superscripts denote variants within a stanza. The vert ical divisions indicate the syllables. The squares that contain rh yme words are shadowed in different patterns so that the cross-rhymes can easil y be spotted. Thi s model can be seen as an abstrac t analytical representation of the trn ~n (the example is 2d I :2) [CD tT. 3- 5]. It was devised through analysis of trn:xrn performances in the vocal genre hrf.l , which contains the trn ~ in their most compact form with only minor variations of words. The concepts 'sy llables' , ' li nes' and 'stanzas' were thus derived from actual performance. From a lingu istic point of view it would be possible in many cases to
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Kammll Songs
16
condense the trn~ further, partricul arl y since the Kammu language i s ell iptic in the sense that personal pronouns and corresponding grammatical fu nctions can often be left out. Since this does not seem to be supported by performing practice, no such further reduc tion has been made for the present collection (although there are some border cases), It turns out that the majority o f the trn~ in their reduced form have lines of
five or seven sy llables. The model makes it possible to describe a performance with respect to the order of lines, for example the standard manner is: I a- 2a- 1a- 2a l l b-2b l ,
/
I b-2b-
la
aay
m ~h
lb
2a al 2b
bl
Figure 3. Descriptive model in which the parallel lilies' I ' and '2' respectively of sf(/nZ(I!i 'a' ([lid 'b' have been grouped together ill order to show the rhyme pattern (UI:2).
The model is particularly useful for trn~ of two stanzas main ly built on cross rhymes. It can also be used for those o f three or more stanzas which are mainly built on cross rhymes. but in thi s case the order o f the lines is more rarely changed since such trnOOm normally te ll a linear story. Also trnOOm bu il t on chain rhyme generally have a set order of lines and are therefore easier to analyse.
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InlrodllCliol1
17
Performance In performance, the words of the trn~ are matc hed to the template of the proper vocal genre or t6dm area melody. Such a template consists of a melodic outline and a rhyth mic principle. In most cases, the melody has introd uc tory and fina l formulae whic h also contain certain words (exclamations, vocalises). In the t6dm area melod ies especially, othe r words are also used, such as words of address or exclamation (d. Part 2. C. Words of add ress). This is com mon in vocall y performed (XlCtry of Southeast Asia (and elsewhere). If the poetry is approached as a written poetry, such words would appear to be rather mean ingless sentence fi llers and conventional additions to poems. From the perspective of perfonnance, they stand out as essential to the form. If it is accepted that trn ~·n only exist when perfonned, it follows thaI trn ~ do not ex ist without these words. This set of words is a major c haracteristic of each vocal genre and of each t6dm area melody. They are indispensable parts of the pe rfonnance templates and more or less inseparable from melody and metre. In the case of tXm Y uan, which is Kam Raw's most frequen tly used area melody, the most important words of the template fra me are shown in Figure 4. T~n is mainly a solo genre. If more people than the singer are present, they will joi n in a common tone between stanzas or (XlCtic lines. This is called klilliwy 'cheeri ng'. If the singing is accompanied, it is mai nly by a Oute whieh then plays a slow parallel melody, or by the mouth-organ which mainl y plays a bourdon.
H:}:}y
sah
flay
sah auy Listeller~·
Eee
(if allY):
I, 2, I,
n6:)1] !>on
o,n puun piiull kl -
tilak
nO:)1] ibn
o,n puun piiu/J
II) -
kaay sah
2a l
nuun kaay sah
Ib 2b Ib 2b'
kif
na -ay
sah auy mbh kxm nO:)I] nt sah
Li~'fellers
Figure 4.
mbh krt krio n5:)1] mbh krt he nO:)I]
aay
(if allY):
ko:)n n5:)1] nt ")- kU k mbh k6:)n n6:)1] nt ko:)n n5:)1) ne hn - raak k -
nt/un
na -ay
One possible way oj pelforming the tmhn ill the model (2dl :2, Figure 3) . Words oj exclamation are printed in bold style. The code.5 in rhe right-hand colllm" reJers to the IIlImberi"g oj lilies in the model.
How a trn~n is performed musically in the Yuan style is shown in graphic form in Figure 5.
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IS
Kamlllll SOIlRS
(
f ) \
"•
.... ~~
~
~
"
•
~
,~-
!iu~
>
f )
i::!!
\
;., ~
~{ ~
I \
I
(
~ " I: ~
~
•
1!'
~Sl
• ~ ~~~~
>
-.
~{ I
~
"t • i::!!
;.,
'"
11
,
( )
-
.<>
)
• i:'
•
\
~
~
•
11'
~Sl
.0 I
•
~ ~~~~
>
),
~
\
'", 11
Jj
'" Figure 5.
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Basic frame and the distribution of musical phrases in the loom Yli,m template.
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InlrodllCliol1
19
Interwoven Trn aO)m In t&m performance, the tm~ are often combined with each other in a number of ways. One is the suite, which is made by linki ng trn;x,m of related content to each other. Another technique is intenvovell lrni};}m, in which whole trnm or parts of trn;x,m are interspersed with each other. Such parts may be combi ned in a number of ways as shown in Figure 6.
.......- segment ... --- ------ words of address
+_+__+_trnoom I I st stanza
... --- -------·, ... ----- i· --
Irnm2 I Sf stanza
... --- -------,· i
... --- -------i· 2nd
stanza
------ ....·
i
· -2nd- - -' +- - - -:stanza
... Figure 6.
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·
----------~
Olle possihle way of comhillillg segments, words of address alld stallzas.
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Kammll Songs
20
The parts that make up such a performance are: Words of address Normally two lines which have their distinct ly own rhyme patterns that set them off from the rest. The lines arc interspersed in the trnm. Segmem Phrases linked together by rhyme, parallelism or other poetic techniques which and nonnally longer than words of address and shorter than a stanza. The majority of the segments arc normally two lines in length. They mainly occur initially or al the cnd of a stanw or as a kind of continuation. Unit A group of lines built on a substantial degree of syntactic parallelism correspondi ng 10 the ooxes [ and 2 respectively in the model above. Unit. then, is a theoret ical concept which differs from stanza. The trn ~n in the example consists of two units. Compollnd An obvious whole consisting of one or more units. Thus the two uni ts in the mode l fonn a compound. The compound is the form which resembles the Western concept of olle song most.
KAMMU POETIC PRI NCIPLES Rhyme TypeS2 External rhyme. The majority of external rhymes are fina l rhymes consisting of vowe ls (V) or of vowel+consonant (VC).
tii hit
p.1k bom
lam elf
11001) knowledge
khi.11) dig
nt small
2
-
kii this
pak ride
kam word
kJ5;x] clepsydra
Ci,11) lmythological hcrol kl -
trt
exp small
Much of the terminology here is based on Compton 1979 who in her tum refers to Viravong t 970.
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In{ rodIl C{ iOI1
11] -
kH
-
about
21
tl) - kif tree ~t ump
kt -pift
-
w,'
dat-l1] - dat exp tremble
pOol}
Wli.1Y w;}.J{
-
pXJi yaay rOOl} wal k around balcony surrounding a house
touch the untouchable 111
kl - t.lak
-
hn -ta,1k tongue
free
p!x>
-
free
lAA ~ay
khial}
-
dig
hiJal} - kl -hiJal} exp looks
Category rhyme (a) is a rhyme between words of different fi nal sounds which belong to the same category, either stopped, nasal or open:
stopped rhyme: nasal rhyme:
h~t I'weed
r,.am \' clear
open rhyme
1.\" ~y
-
k l~
P"'P
ptJ.'!!! g"
pOo free
Category rhyme (b) consists of vowel+consonam (VC) in which the vowels differ but are similar: nntaal) (.'e nt re of house
t ~f! 111
srp'j.!1 eve ning star [?]
-
krQ;m stem
IQ.f! roll lcouon-rolll
n~~. persuade [1]
Imernal rhyme denotes rhymes withi n the same line:
I.
Vowel rhyme A. Paired-word rhyme
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22
Kammll Songs
PUU!
CUUT
cloud
$ink
prill'
paam
[rap
SCI
(2cl)
up
B. Yoked-word rhyme
hp6.Jt
c~
f.2:2y
be,
will be
hundred
hUaI] -
kl -
hual)
( l a2)
(23 1)
exp looks: clouds s in k low (2el)
mut el] exp looks: epidemi(; spreadin g
2.
Consonant rhyme A. COniinUOllS consonant rh yme
yei
yei
yaam
ciClllia
weep
!!!ok mial) mountain village
name
(7c2)
( IaI)
B. Separated consonant rhyme myself
marry
g uu -
1m -
elIU
taan
dear
love
(7al)
(4a3)
exp soft. bendable
Affireration consi sts of identical or similar initial consonants in several words w ithin a
line and often carries ovef into followi ng lines. Assol/allce occurs w ithin lines and between lines.
Substitution occurs when the place of a rhyme word i s occupied by a word which does not rhyme but is synonymous with the proper rhyme word (or of the sa me category). Qu ite freque nt ly the syno nym is a Laotian loan word: 3
This technique has also been observed hy Lindell 19RR. Proschan 19R9. and Mon in 1980: 10-11: a similar onc was not<.-d by Dournes 1990: 142. who called it 'semantic rhyme' ('rimc semant iquc').
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23
Inlrodllcliol1
a)
srflil
al
ptan YITI]
,-
dazzled
not
able
blinded
""0'
p+an yeel] s -
srf! il dazzled
b)
aay I
,ay I
''''' ''''' will
will
look
kEIJ
da!]
mat pri
horizon
$ 1111
k'D dal]
able
look
blinded
p6h
I"
Ie
I2.f
[0'
charm
I,
[!jIan allll/lel
kocp
m,
p;;,
lee
kt-cp
horizon
-
I
mat mi'm
(3b3)
1110011
nExt
I
m,
[0'
(3d l :2)
Repetition is a very stTong organizational principle in the trnXlin. Those words in a line which are not rhyme words are in most cases repeated at least once and often several times during a performance. Repetition ofl1lord pairs. Two monosyllabic words are repeated - often within the same line - so that they atlai n the quality of a unit. Qu ite often embellishment words are treated as pai rs. This technique is often combined with substitution . Normally the fi rst word of the pair (underlined) is replaced by a synonymous word:
a)
b)
"
w,t
COl]
rbon
COl]
temple
high
palace
high
~pq two
pat
$>A<.lJll
p,t
Limes
three
Limes
(2bl)
(2cl)
Rhyme Patterns In elwin rhyme the last syllable (or one of the last ones) of a line rhymes with the fi rst syllable (or one of the first ones) of the following line. Th is pattern may be repeated for a substantial number of lines. The Kammu word is tnVOf, which means 'interlock ing' or 'catchi ng each other' . The chain rhyme occurs more freq uently in ceremon ial or ritual songs and in prayers than in trnXHn.4 When present in trn:xrn the lines are normally grouped into stanzas, and generally the chain pattern docs not extend outside a stanza.
,
See LundsLTiim 1983: 54: LundsLTiim and Tayanin 1982.
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24
Kammll Songs
This kind of rhyme is onc of the most freq uently recorded rhyme patterns in the literature on the poetry of ethnic groups in Southeast Asia. 5
T-
kan
bamboo rat
an
t kliut liut buttonquail fly
X'
,-
suut suul
X
X
I-
treel}
exp look
X'
Y
yeel) mal prl
ncarly past
sun
suut
burst
kiiur ~.
X'
Y'
,-
(9a5)
plu g in exp sob
om
mii.l flan om
tear
X'
,-
yOc~ mal
ncarly past
Y'
,-
suut
burs!
pit
kiJUt ~.
'"" om
mii.l kS;'T
lear
flow
X'
X'
Rhyme words:
sum suul e:rp sob [ - treel)
exp look
kuut ~.
=y =x
= X2
t -kuuI Hut bUllonquail fly
=XI
r - yeel)
=yl
ncarly pa st
r -suul burst
= X3
Pivot rhyme is a rhyme of the type X l 0 y l X X1Q y 2 (with variants) or X l y l Zl X Z 2 Y" it occurs particularly often in words of address, the lines of which are usually separated from
~. It also occurs in many rhymed proverbs.6 In the vocal repertoire
each other by other li nes i n performance:
, 6
Scc. for c:l:amplc. Boulbcl 1972: 19 ff.: Dourncs 1987: 21 - 22 and 1990: 22- 23: and Mor&:hand 1951: 38 1 ff. See Lindell 1988.
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In{rodIlC{iOI1
h_
uul
X'
y'
fire-
bind
25
yo
prx.m
Z'
y'
tu ul
Z'. loreh
friends
,ood
o ld
friends
friends
t r;"
wood [11
(143)
X'
Cro~·s
rhyme is in a sense a combination of chain rh yme and pivot rh ymc. Normally two words (or rather: words in two rhyme [Xlsitions) in a line rhyme with another pair in reversed order in a later line. Its Kammu name is ka", prkiJaY, 'return words', and it is the most common rh yme pattern in the trnOom. In the example the [Xlsi lions of the rhymes are shown by means of upper-case letters and by the superscript 'I' for the fi rst stanza and 'z' for the second slanza. Thus Xl in the fi rst stanza rhymes with XZ in the second stanza, y l rhymes with y 2. and so on (for practical reasons the repetitions of the rhyme words al the beginni ng of lines two, fou r, six and eight are disregarded in this fig ure);
'ay I
m' " om
ht nO;)1) Oon lable slill soft X'
he
n5:)1) ;'0 lable slill soft
(2d I:2)
Y' puun puun kl stamp free
P' aay I
m'"
.m
n5:)1) ;'0 lable still soft
"'Y'"
puun puun II) - kif stamp tree stump
exp
P' 'ay I
m'"
.m
R' I
m'"
.m
R'
k5Jn nO;)1) nt child slill small Y' X'
kx,n n5:)1) O£ OJ- kU chitd still small below aay
Q'
nO;)1) M lable slill SOfl
X'
he
{iwk
exp
k-
miun
knee
P'
k5Jn nx,1) nt child slill small Y' X'
ko:)n n5:)1) O£ ho - ti18k k- nuun child still small aboul knee
Q'
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P'
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Kammll Songs
26
Rhyme words:
!at
=X t
table
!>on
= Yl
wn
-
puun pUUIJ = pi exp stamp
kl-(atlk
=Ql
fre e
II)-kil
= Rt
tree stump
-
nc
= X2
small
= y2
kS::m child
k-nuun
=
p2
knee
hn-raak
= Q2
aboot
= R2
ll)-kH below
Interjections The followi ng are the most common embelli shments in the pcrfonnancc of trni:>om.
Introductory words:
hooy
ec
s,h
Final words: Exclamations:
kaay sah khiin db: (u k dec
dte re
""'" :.oy h, Amplifications:
pity oh poaroh also, too oh, but oh (requesting, suggest ing)
no:) 00
oh, wel l
yoll
oh. well we queM/on particles
"
bee 100 "
k6::m
o
(0) 1:.0
"'y ellU kh:X>1) [aal)
que.~fioll "(Jrficle.~
qucstion portides we indeed I (1 ) then mister, friend [male] dear [=darlingl dear [=darl ing or (male) friend] mister
naar)
miss
n::ny
linle beautiful you beloved beloved friend [male]
pfta
p:.o rak thn yo
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(I) say then (I) say
oh, well let' s the y
bed.. OCeoo
Words o f address:
hey oh
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Inlrodllcliol1
27
CATEGORI ES OF T RNOoM T~
pract ices nre renectcd in n rather rich temlinology concerning the use of trnOOm
and si nging. The fo llowi ng list is bu ilt on trad itional concepts. Those trnoom which fit a specific sit uation can be grouped together but such cmegories will incl ude some trnOOm that can be used in more than one situation.
Wille trnOOrn Ilm:}.?!n piiuc = wine tmb-1m. wine-table tmiXJml
1X:u.J 1mb-1m = wine
tm:mm. Im:mm !rnalJ tm i; =
These trnOOm belong to the situation of feasts in the village. The singi ng at reasts included trnOOin ror start ing, ror fi nishing, ror flatteri ng and so on . Many wine trnOOm come in pairs and, normally, a singer expected somebody to answer and to take over the singing. At traditional reasts the singer might indicate this by ni pping at the rice stmw to the wine jar or the person he wanted to continue. Indudcs: ImiJ'H1lkmiD (m~m prj sntiillll IXplm~m
ImiJ;}m pl6vc(JOOc) ImiJ;}m krstl) Im~m kd,/n 'ytim ImiJ;}mlMiwktc Im~m Inh:5:Jy
= starling tmiJ;}m = sf(lrlil,g tmiJ;}m = answer Im~m = beliltlill/<: Im;);)m = praising tm~m = flattering tmiJ::Jm
= re~peClflll
tm~m
= Im~m with II,e elderly = joking Im~m
Field trnxxll {trniJ::Jm I:la rt = field IfII~mJ
The field trn~ often deal with loneliness such as longing ror one 's sweetheart or ror the village li re. Many have a sett ing in the environment or the fie lds and often rerer to the weather and to certain plants or animals that belong there. S.om.etimes people whistled the melod ies or played them on a lear, ta, instead of slOglOg. For est trni};Jm /tmiJ::Jm y::h prj = forest-II'(llking tmiJ::Jmj
TmOOm normally sung while alone or within a small group of young men were sometimes about lonel iness or about the mountain paths. Birds play :I mther important role in these . Many o r these tm ~ were male joking songs about women and were not supposed to be sung in the presence of older peoplc. People nlso used to whi st le the me lod ies or play them on n lenf, ta. Indudcs:
= sing shOlifillg and scrclIIlling
Singing loudly in order to get an answer from somebody else Youth IrnOOrn {tmiJ::Jm k5:;amim = YOllfh tm~mJ
Certain trnOOm were part icularl y often sung by young people, especiall y between boys nnd girls. Many of these are joking or teasing songs. There were mnny opportunities ror boys :lnd girls to meet in the fields before the harvesting when the young people watched over the growing rice and went fis hing or rrogcatching. If these trnOOm were used at other times or places other vocal genres than t~ would be prererred , such as hrr.t.
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Kammll Songs
28 Includes: Im;"}ullrw;l"s
= teluillg Irn;,;}/Il = cursing Im~1l1
rm~m
= courting
Im~mcrfilh
len kfip k5.:Jn mim
tm;,;;>m
Paired T rn,):}m in Alternating Singing Alternating singi ng can occur between two or more indiv iduals. In a group people will take turns in singi ng. Many of the wine tm~ are directly related 10 their fu nctions in ahernating singing. Many trnXm go together in pairs, pairc(i trnfXm, so that the person who answers somcbody's singing can usc them in his/her repl y. Sometimes the IWO
arc each other's inversion, employing the same words, with only pronouns and negations differing. In a l;);)m dialogue, the trn~ are not developed as a continuous conversation but constitllte a chain of telcgrammat ic messages linked to each other in a manner that leads forward in steps, They are so much open to interpretation that they may be used in several differe nt situat ions. the interpretations thus bei ng closely related to the context. Sueh an exchange ean have the following strueture: trn~
SillgerA
Praising
Polite words
Prllising
Paired
Deprecat ing
Segment
Deprecating
Paired
t rn ;\ ~m
t r n ;\~ m
-,,, ,, ,, ,, ,,
2
Sillger B
Praising
Segment
Deprecming
Return
Praising
Polite words
Deprecating
Retu rn
<,
t rn ;\ ~m
t rn;\~m
,
2
SillgerA
Praising
Polite words
Deprecming
New return
Prllising
Segment
Praising
T rn;\ ~ m 3
trn;\~m
2
I I I I
,
-,
Sillcer JJ
Praising
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Pol ite words t rn;\~m
Prllising
Ret urn
Praising
Segment
Deprecming
Trn :1~m
4
Other co ntent
T rn ;\~m
5
3
-, etc.
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29
InlrodllCliol1
The gu idi ng rule of singing with others is to krsel}, ' praise'. and to ciJ/, 'exaggerate. beaut ify ', the object of the song and to p16oc, ' look down upon, despise, de precate' , the singer and singer's own belongings . A dialogue may start with the first singer praising thc other and belittling himself/herself by use of a suitable paired Irn~ and the appropri ate polite words. The second singer then answers with a correspondi ng trn~m, deprecating himself/herself and praising the fi rst si nger, and then goes into another pai rcd trn~ which will inspire the first singer to develop the exchange further . On and on, new trn:xxn are added, not necessarily paired ones. There are also certain trn:xxn for inviting a person to si ng, for persuading, teasing, advising, apologizing for one's own poor si ngi ng and for end ing the singing, Cheering occurs between stanzas in order to encourage and spur the singer on. An element of compet ition is also inherent in th is si nging si tuation.
TH E ORGANIZATION OF TH E R EPERTOIRE
The traditional category names of the trn~n deseribed above have been taken as a point of departure for the organization of Kam Raw's repertoire. It is thus a new construction but based on Kammu practice. As with genre categorizations generally, th is one is rather open: categories are not always clearly limited and there is much overlappi ng. It shou ld also be noted that indi vidual trn~ may function equally well in several situations whereas some of them arc rather strongly tied to a specific situation. Additional infonnation on uses and functions is given in the comments (Appendix I ). The individual trn ~ in sections A-C are written out in the reduced fonn described by the ' descriptive model' (see Figure 3 above). In the right-hand column, line numbers relating to thi s model are given. In the head ings the word 'song' is used for practical reasons as equivalent to trn ~ . A full list of the songs in Kam Raw's repertoire is given in Appendix 2.
A. Songs of Feasting This is the dominati ng category in the repertoire. Trn ~ that clearly belong to the feasting situation (A 1-6) are generally confined to this silUation, whereas others can also be performed elsewhere.
AI Gree/ing songs Ala: A visitor Alb: A host
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I a and I b are basically paired trn~ sung in response to each other. The trn:xxn lal-4 and Ibl-4, respectively, may be combined and performed as suites.
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Kammll Songs
30
A2 Respectful
~'ongs (lhe~'e trn~n
may be performed as suites combined wirh to pairs ill A4) The person being praised is described as wealthy and knowledgeable. The metaphors are: pheasants, elegance,
either Ala. Alb or A3, or ill re:.pon!.'e A2a: Praisi ng a person
A2b: Praisi ng beauty
gol d and sil ver.
A2c:
Trn~n
of humili ty
A2d: Trn~ of self-deprecation A2e: Trn~n of social unity
Songs about: leach me, correct me, don'l dismiss me. T he self is likened to a poor person. About collecti ve aspects of the village.
A3 Songs of praise (sung ill exchange with A4)
A3a: Praisi ng an area or a village
Pictures are: ' higher than heaven, lots of animals, gates, bridges, bronze drums',
A3b: Praising a house A3c: Praisi ng wine and food A3d : Praising a gift
The house is descri bed as huge and golden. Prais ing the quality and amou nt of wi ne and food with images such as suffocati ng from eating too much. The gift is described as holy and given by a monk or very important person.
A4 Songs of deprecation (sling in exchange with A3)
A4a: General A4b: Deprecating one's house A4c: Deprecating one's wine and food
A5 Songs of s{Jecial feasts (for feasts which have ceremonial songs of the trn~ll variety) AS,,: 'The rice soul feas t' Sa I and Sa2 are paired trn~n ASb: The harvest feast A praise song. A praise song. ASc: The drum giving feast ASd: The wedding feast A set of songs belongi ng to di fferent stages in the ceremony. A6 SOllgs of cheerillg alld Sillgillg (Irn~llthat belollg to the few;ting ::;ifllatioll as sitch alld which serve to start. encourage alld finish the ~'illgillg) A6a: Slarti ng A6b: Inviti ng a person to tOOm A6c: Agreeing to too.n Praising the other smger and depreA6d: Praising another's voice A6e : Deprecating one's own voice cating oneself. Encouragi ng or teasing a person to take A6f: Persuad ing, teasi ng and adv ising part in the si nging. A6g: Parting A7 SOllgs 011 variolls subjects ( tm~n that are interspersed with sOllgs of A6 during the course of (I singing event) A7a: About love and beauty Trading and seasonal work were A7b: About trading common activ ities for young men . The songs are about staying away, havi ng difficulty in returning home, find ing a new gi rlfrie nd far away.
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31
InlrodllCliol1
A7c: About departure A 7d: About longing
These categories of trn~ are widely used by people who stay abroad. Some of the songs were evidently made after the wars during the latc 1960s and carly 1970s.
B. Songs of Various Situations Here the remainder of the trn:xxn have been grouped together and listed accordi ng to the location or situat ion where they primarily belong. These categories are not exclusive, though. What all these trn:xxn have in common is that they gencrally do not be long to the feasting situation in a village; consequently, they are generally not mixed with songs of praise or with words of address. This is particularly true for the joke trn;xm of young people (810b) which arc not rcspectfu l enough to be sung in thc company of their elders.
88 Songs oj the jorest 8 8a: The mountain paths 8 8b: The birds 89 Songs oj the fieh/l· 8 9a: About loneli ness 8 9b: Frog-catc hing 810 Songs ojyollng people 8 10a: About girls 8 lOb: Joke trn~ 8 II Song made in Sweden
C. Words of Address The words of address have been grouped together and listed according to the relationship between the singer and the person(s) addressed. Words of address are for fu nctional reasons used when a person or a group of people is di rectly addressed in singing. Therefore they belong particu larly to the singing at parties and especially in combi nation with t rn~n of greeti ng, praise or advice. Th is is demonstrated by the transcriptions in Section D. , Performances. When the rhymes of words of address are listed, it turns out that most of them relate to cu lt ivat ion. to edible wi ld plants or hunting. Some of the most respectful words of address involve plants or objects of ceremonial importance (Lundstrom 2005).
D. Performances The words of t50ln performances are here fully transcribed with all the words of address and exclamation. References to trn ~n in sect ions A-C are given in the titles of the
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Kammll Songs
32
indi vidual suites and after the individual lines of the interpretations. Those trn~ which do not exist in Kam Raw's repertoire are given another signature, like 'X', ' Y', 'Z' and so forth. Variations of lines and I rn ~ are indicated by a '. Cont inuing variation or improvisation is indicated by 'var.. DJ.
Suites
D2u--(.". SOllg exchallges
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PART
2:
KAM RAW'S REPERTOIRE
A. Songs of Feasting
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8/10/05 1:06:04 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
3S
1a. GREETING SONGS: A VISITOR
o r;):>t mok miag kli
J came to this mountai n village
1. 1
(ii
ml>k
hit
mountain village
I""
kI-
I
I>
IIi
ml>k
I
hit
mo untain village
IIl1me
I>
I""
kl -
loq
sm -
then
beal, walle
'op
birdc!ltching rod
"""
ml>k
I> I>
I>
then
mtal) pat
beal, walle
mial)
pal
mial)
MOot I/llme
loq
sm -
'op
birdcatehing rod
mo untain village
thi~
I>
I""
ph
dal -
tremble
I>
exp look
len
ml>k
sit
mountain vi llage
this
dal -
I>
1~
ph
I
then
tremble
mial) ph
ne
hen
small
nh
kcey
n:':lY
h,"
small
Ib
ctal
"1 m~ny
times
ne
cecy
sm~1I
heart
Ib'
"1 -
IfXP look many times
dat
n?x>y
cecy
small
heart
I bumped inlo the M?x>1 mo untain village, I' m like a small chicken, swinging a birdcatching rod. I bumped into the En mountain village, I'm like a young chicken, sw inging a birdcatchi ng rod. I came to this moumain village, I' m like a small heart. trembl ing all over. I sit in thi s mountai n village, I'm like a young heart , trembli ng a llover.
Alternative words: [tal) Man I tan
= direction = lIame I sit
In performance: .~ee 02b:7, 02b:3. 02b:9. 02c: 1
Lundström cropped.pdf 43
2b
kli
Inrerprefation* :
la-b: mial} : lal, lb l : Ell I len
2,
k)i
come
ph
kcey
En
I
then
nh
8/10/05 1:06:04 pm
2b'
36
An
Kllmmll SOllgs
mhl) tm;):>y C~;) r;)ot
p;);)
If you had knowu a visitor wou ld come
an
nOOl]
h-
1.2
p::x:.!
P '" yo,
know
P'" Y"
cO::>
an
will
I"
children
an
P'" yo,
n~
h-
know
P'" yoo
COCl
an
"'k:':l:lI1 "
will
I"
children
an
P '" yo,
n~
I st ranger
miJy
know
COCl
an
k5:1111
kUI]
will
I"
villager
P '" yo,
nOOl] know
I stranger
ffiSoy
;1
po,
c:x,
an
b::m
kUI)
yoo
will
I"
villager
;1
;1
;1
P'" yoo an
"'" k;J::m
cO;)
will
nc p:'x::lt
ICC your
c'x> will
no
ICC your
COCl
' '''Y
swarm
kS:)1
,"
la
klip
becoo
min-h31
p
''''Y
I,
swarm
k5:lJ
Itep
b&:oo
'0'
shirt
p
will
'''''
ICC your
tIP
I] Xlf
becoo
close
path
p
~
'''''
ICC your
mCcI close
2a'
Ib
come
will
2,
come
2b
Ib l) X>f path
becoo p
2b'
Imerpretation* : If you had known the bees would swarm You probably wou ld have asked your vill agers to CUI rain-hats. If you had know n the bees would swarm You probably would have asked your vill agers to cut shirts. If you had known a visitor would come You probably would have asked your vil lagers to close the path with branches. If you had known a visitor would come You probably wou ld have asked your villagers 10 close the path with leaves.
Aflerllative words:
2b:
k~n
kUl}:
k:);)n kaal)
k:'nn ne
Lundström cropped.pdf 44
= family = children
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SOllgs of Fellslillg
37
Aay kS;)n r;);)t ten taa tIm;);)1) I)OOp k iter J indeed squatted down outside the village, I)«,ping in
aay
1.3
ko;)n indeed
htel weed
precl carpctgrass
ko;)n indeed
htel weed
prect carpctgrass
kx.n indlw
'Ool come
te n sit
kx.n indeed
come
""'I
te n sit
t aa at
outskirts
ko;)n indeed
pO;)
ma
sah
klbh log
floming
ko;)n indeed
pO;)
klbh log
floating
kO:>n indeed
pO;)
khx.y servant
sdrifting
16h
kO:>n indeed
pO;) nobody
khx.y servant
s-
16h
drifting
I
aay I
.ay I
aay I
nobody nobody nobody
say
m' m'
sah say
sOh "Y
ma
sah say
t ila
II -
"
outskins
htel w=l
hoop gather
t ila
tl mXl!) outskins
htel w=l
0
la l
tl mXl!) outskins
squat
kiter peep in
Ib
ten sit
kiter peep in
Ib'
riaT)
root
" t ,"
"
li -
h' h' -
mXl!)
m:';)!)
lboy
en
~60p
2.
tree
lboy
caw
riaT) tree
kuut come
io
kh<1w come
io
2b
klial)
weeded carpctgrass outs ide the vill age, gathering it. weeded carpetgrass outside the vill age, collecting it. squatted down outside the village, peeping in. sat down outside the village, peeping in.
Indeed nobody asked the ruut-tree log to noat down. Indeed nobody asked the raw-tree log to float down. Indeed nobody asked the drifting servant to come in. Indeed nobody asked the dri fti ng servant to step in.
In performance: .~ee D2c: /
Lundström cropped.pdf 45
2,'
kli at)
fllIClpreratioll* .'
I indeed I indeed I indeed I indeed
J11
8/10/05 1:06:05 pm
2b'
Kllmmll SOllgs
38
P'll un III a
rna yoh
1,4
I go anywhere there is the smell of meal
p-
I':'
p-
10
mo
I<\a
(uun
10.
roasted meal smell
anywhere
p-
taa
fial)
sudden strong smell
~nywhere
Idun light, fire
mo
III
tal)
I,'
lay thc table
anywhere
smoke
p' -
tila anywhere
smoke
mo
yOh Ib
go
mo
yOh Ib'
go
Imerpretation* .' A fire is IiI anywhere there i s smoke.
A table is set anywhere there is smoke. I go anywhere there is the smel l of meat. I go anywhere there is the scent o f meat.
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SOllgs of F ells /ill g
39
I b. GREETING SONGS: A HOST P~o dot kaal) k~a kH YOll ca me into this hOllse
Ibl
p;" Y"
(ii
ml>k
hit
mOllntain village
p;" Y"
troop
«-
yo
I>
blimp into
plant lichen]? ]
bllsh
my
p;" Y"
tli
mok
mtal)
Man
hit
mOllntain village
Il(lme
p;"
troop
e,-
yOll
blimp into
plam lichcn P]
stc m
'''
kaal)
kix>
kli
hOllse
thi s
troop
po-
tru
ncr]
I>
blimp into
dryi ng rac k
p<""
my
kii
p;" Y" p;" Y"
come
mtal) ltd
ltel
M "", I/llme
knol]
111
2,
I,'
"
2,'
my
Ib
p;" Y"
klan
kaal)
kix>
cl imb
hOllse
thi s
p;"
troop
nn -
laal)
ncr]
yOll
blimp into
ce ntre of hOllse
poo<
2b
lb'
"
my
2b
Interpreratioll* :
You bumped into the M:x,t mountain village, You came across my lichen plant. You bumped into the Man mountai n village, You came across my lichen' s stem. You came into th is house, You came across my poor dryi ngrack. You cl imbed into thi s house, You came across my poor li vi ngroom.
In performance: set! D2a:4. D2b:.2. D2b:4. D2b:6, D2c:2
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Kllmmll SOllgs
40
An aay n;}~l) tmo;)y c;}~ ro;)t If J had known !I \'isilor wou ld come
an ;1
,
aay
,
aay
nOOl] knolll
p::x:.! kaal)
,,,an
k;J::m
liil)
kwaal
kn -
sweep
yard
an
aay
;1
1
n~] know
,
cix>
aay
hb"
will
cO::>
'b2 cO;)
will
'oc my
family
''''Y
la
hundred
pia l
saal
spread
bamboo mat
2,
,-
miJy
st ranger
will
,,,an
k5;)n villager
kwaal
kn -
t'Iil)
sweep
y,",
kUI)
C'" will
"'"
'cc
ptal
saal
spread
bamboo mOl
my
la'
come
2a'
Imerpretation* : If I had known the bees would swarm I would have told my famil y to spread QUI bamboo mats
and sweep the yard. If I had know n a visitor would come I would have told my v illagers to spread out bamboo mats and sweep the yard.
Alternative words:
2(1, 2a l ,' k5:Jn ka81] and kS:J1I kUI] : kxm toOl) ki:>n ne
Lundström cropped.pdf 48
= people from the central part of the village = childre n
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SOllgs of F ells lill g
41
Kllut klual), a ay , kuut klu a l) Come in, frielld, come in
ria l)
ruut
tree
Ib3
:lay Idearl
tree
ria l)
ruut 111
kuut comc
klual) ;"
:lay Idcar1
kuut comc
klual) ;"
0
I"" indced
p~
,-
tJi
"0
mattress
I"" indeed
p~
"0
meh
I
I>
Ib I ""
"' ten
nY.>k OUlside
t"a
»'>ok
oUlside
2,
2a'
fllIC lpreratioll* .'
R uut-t ree, friend , rUlIt-tree.
Come in, fr iend, come in. Indeed there is no rnaltress outdoors. Indeed there is no chai r outdoors.
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42
Kllmmll SOllgs
Hdal) mee khn tlia su The word has spread that you were climbing lip from below
hua!) v Tumour
ffiec yo,
yu shrub-
""Y
yu shrub-
""Y huaT) v Tumour
yian
"
ville
16~
lau
yian
k-
"'
rillt!
egg
ffiec yo,
yu shrub-
""Y
yu
laa
.., "
taa
yia n
kegg
""Y
"'
rillt!
huaT)
ffiec
kian
taa
climb
"'
shrub-
v rumour you
16~
III
h:)os pl~ gran'hupper
2a '
Ib
below
kO
"'
'" -
huaT) v rumour
ffiec yo,
kian
laa
"'
2a
,u
below
sound
ki an
la,
,u
climb
"
below
'"
In I' sound
(UlI S
be low
IUU S
yian
,u
climb
h::x,s
villt!
taa
I'
la
gra~'shuppe,.
climb
kian
Ib4
mooy
mOl]
0"'
mouth
2b
Ib
ffiOOy
mOl)
0"'
mouth
2b'
Imerpretation * : The word has spread that your shrubbery of yian-vine, Your shrubbery of yian-vine had eggs of the IUUS grasshopper. The word has spread that your shrubbery of yian-vinc. Your shrubbery of yian-vine had eggs of the pI;' grasshopper.
The word has spread that you were cl im bing up from below, Climbing up from below, ec hoing as if from o ne mouth. T he word has spread that you were cl im bing up from be low, Climbing up from below, resounding as if from one mouth.
In performance: see D2b:8
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SOllgs of F ells fill g
43
2a. R ESPECTFUL SONGS: PRA[SING PERSONS Prlat) lAA
p~o
pen Cfal)
It is said thai yoo are Cl al)
mee
2. 1
tee
koon indeed
s'"
kXlO indeed
sah
y"
pita!) people
khtat] dig
p:.o
[>tn
poo
yo,
are
free
pim!) people
khtat] dig
p:.o
[>tn
yo,
're
mii tinder, gunpowder
pim!) people
IAA
p:.o
[>tn
~y
yo,
're
pim!) people
ft i
p:.o
[>tn
"y
yo,
're
y"
mee
~y
~y
t£~
yourself fmg
no
tee yourself small
kI ·
"t
exp look sm1111 I~
.
exp look
yto]
t,'
thin
2, 2,'
Ciat] [ mythological hero I
2b
Ciat] [ mythological hero I
2b'
Im erpretation *:
Indeed you call yourself a tiny frog. Indeed you call yourself small and thin. It is revealed that you are a p5.>tree. It is revealed that you are gun-powder. It is said that you are Oat].
It is rumoured that you are Oal) .
In performance: :,'ee D2b:8
Lundström cropped.pdf 51
8/10/05 1:06:07 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
44
Prla t) hu at) mee
n ;} ~l] prw ;}~y
tak
People say thai you know more t ha n others
2. 2
hUal)
m<:e
pok
say
yoo
pass over higher than
prm!]
hun!]
m<:e
pok
people
"Y
yoo
pass over higher than
Java plums
pr'tal]
hum] "Y
m<:e
o""'J
P' -
10k
you
know
higher than
pr'laJ]
huat]
n><e
prla!)
P' -
people
"Y
you
people
higher than
"
pOk
hn -
taa k
w<
pass over lower than
pr'lal) people
people
"
n:x,.]
ho -
w<
know
lower than
P' P' -
wooy
wo.y wooy w"'::J:ay
k l~
clepsydra
III
kila!] I,'
most
Ib
10k Ib'
~"
kli a r) 2,
Java plum
taa k
prJaI)
2,'
olher peuple
Imerpretation* .' People say that you cli mb higher than the clepsydras.
People say that you cli mb higher than the Java plum. People say that you know more than others. People say that you are greater than others. We climb lower than the Java plum. We know less than others.
In performance: see D2b: 10
Lundström cropped.pdf 52
8/10/05 1:06:07 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
p~o
koon kltel) n;) 1) mHn
y~o
4S
seen
YOIl a re altoget her trllly masters and sirs
P""
k60n
kite!)
Y"
indeed
complete oh
00
'"
phaay
luk -
couon
be"
P""
ki:m
kit£!)
00
phaay
luk -
Y"
indced
completc
0"
COl\on
sash I?I
P""
ki:m
klcrq n~ completc nothing b",
mHn
klcrq n~ complete nothing b",
hi
yOIl
P""
you
indeed
ki:m indeed
lille
lille
Y""
"d
Y""
"d
lun J11
liXn I,'
SEen high lille
Ib
naa lille
Ib'
Interpretation: You You You You
are are are are
altogether, oh, belts of cotton. altogether, oh, sashes of cotton. altogether truly masters and si rs. altogether tru ly ladies and gentlemen.
In performance: .~ee D2b:5
Lundström cropped.pdf 53
8/10/05 1:06:07 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
46
2b. R ESPECfFUL SONGS: PRAISING BEAUTY Naal) nan taa roof) cOl) You step out from the hi gh Imlaee
pr6!)
elluT
partridge descend
,.
tila
,.
from
bamboo
?aa!)
shine
pr6lJ
eliuT partridge descend
,.
',a
han
pa,
swaying
rlan
,;,
come oul from
kt . swayi ng
tntan
pa,
prJ Ib
haaT) I,
mat moo"
mOl)
CO'] high
fOOl)
WI]
t:':ll] -
t ~y
ran
screwpine leaf
w"
ooq
,ooq
coq
high
p.1lace
high
Wli
(:':)1) -
'aan
tee
fan
t::o.)-palrn leaf
like
come QUI from
nanl) dear
'""
Ixllllboo
nanl)
k' .
mat
,.
dear
III
mian
from
?aal]
haaT)
like
,0.
shine
2b'
w,'
temple
temple
Ib'
palace
COl] high
'ee
yO"
YO"
2, flan come oul
23 flan come out
Imerpretation* : The partridge descends from the bamboo grove, shining like the sun. T he partridge descends from the bamboo grove, shining like the moon.
You step out from the high temple, the high palace, com ing out swayi ng your fan o f screw-pine leaf. You ste p out from the high temple, the high palace, coming out swaying your fan o f 1x,IJ-palm leaf.
Lundström cropped.pdf 54
2b
8/10/05 1:06:08 pm
2b'
SOllgs of Fellslillg
47
Ho;)m kl;} khat sl]kaay 2b2
Your hair knot is gracefully tied
hOom knot
hOom knot
k lo hair
kha t PUt up
kaay s~ loosely, eleglmtly
hOom knOI
k lo hair
laay put up
k lo hair
kh a t put up
kaay s~ loosely. elegantly
hS:l1n knot
klO hair
Iby put up
Iwme
crt il gold Oil
sn -
luk hang down
scdazzled
sn -
t uk hang down
scdazzled
c r'i il gold fl il
III
Kn -
ocr:
Il(lme
braided chain
lb
I,
LOo, -
c uk ivury nu t palm
Ib'
sa am
pan
lb=
weighl (appr. 3.6 kg]
2,
ciaJ]
m at
foot of heavcn
'"'
p rl 2b
saam
p aat
lb=
weighl (appr. 3.6 kg1
da1) foot of heavcn
mal
2a'
mo~
2b'
rnoon
fllIC lpreratioll* .' Yo ur hai r kno t is g racefull y tied , in the braided c hain pa tte rn. Yo u r hair knot is g racefull y t ied , in the top o f Ihe ivory nut pa lm pattern.
It ha ngs down as if made of heavy gold, dazzling like the s un o n the hor izon. It han gs down as if made o f solid gold , dazzling like the moon o n the hori zon.
Lundström cropped.pdf 55
8/10/05 1:06:08 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
48
2e. RESPECTFUL SONGS: EXPRESSI NG HUMILITY K~;)y s~hn (; s6;)!] pa t , sa am Ju st tcach me two or t it re(' ti mes
pa t 2<1
S:)JI)
10:;.n
saam
\o;)n
IWO
dl
three
ye,
,.
' if
mo
become
vine
pal co,
"
,So.]
6::m
saum
t~n
me
IWO
'if
three
'if
,,,
"m,
ye,
c·
InO
C, •
IO:lY
become
WI"
pal
kJ:JY careful
co,
"m,
an ,,,
"m,
b:Jy careful
an
"".
mUll
n(lme
"ine
b:Jy
sxm
pal
saarn
pat
teach
"m,
sSJI)
careful
IWO
time
thrt."e
li me
,,,
m,
"
ye,
POo
kruu
s·
mo
become
master
an
true
kO:JY
so:)n
pal
saam
pal
lellch
"m,
sSJI)
careful
t wo
time
,,,
"m,
ye,
'"=
lime
naay
TO-JY
become
master
an
,.
'ru,
mo
III
mian
pJ:)
like
yO"
mj.an like
pOo
" yO"
mtan
pOo
like
yO"
mtan
PJ:J
like
yO"
Just teach me two or three limes. leI me become a true tcacher like you. Just leach me two or three times. Let me become a true master like you.
Aflerllative words:
= vine
In performance: ~'ee D2b: 10
Lundström cropped.pdf 56
2b
Ib'
Just cut me two or three bits. Let me become an rem uu-liana like you. Just cut me two or three bils. Let me become a crlny-vine like you.
eemiJu:
2a'
'b
Imerpretation* :
2a :
2,
8/10/05 1:06:08 pm
2b'
49
SOllgs of F ells lill g
Kll s k;)o waan Correct me if I do wron g
ko~
wuan
v mistake then
correct
His
2"
pO<>
klls
ko~
waa n
""
mistake
then
correct
po.
caan
ko~
WIS
""
kick out
thcn
tum
HIS
k;,
waa n
mi~takc
thcn
correct
st£n
ko~y
waa n
thcll
correct
dan
k;,
WIS
kick out
thcn
tum
klls
k;,
waan
thcll
correct
""
p' -
Y~I)
Ciat) -
v
mi~takc
klls
v mistake dragon
klls
p-
v mi~lake lille
po.
IIllllle
Y""
[city)
Ciat) IIllllle
st£n
[city)
kx,y
waan
thcn
co rrect
J11
lb
I,
I,' la1
Interpretation '" :
Correct me if I do wrong, correct me even if I don't. Turn around if I kick o ut, turn around even if I don't . Correct me if I do wrong, correct me even if I don' l. Correct me if I do wrong to the dragon of Chiang Saen. Correct me if I do wrong to the master of Ch iang Saen.
Lundström cropped.pdf 57
8/10/05 1:06:09 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
50
Taa pic aay yAh prlal] Don ' l abandon me to slay with ot hers
2<3
1"
auy
yAII
fic
'"
discard
'"'
with
munia-bird
thIa!]
yAA
r'tc
!OJ)
mOIl
discard
with
munia-
indeed
thla!)
nOt) only
bird Uta
YAII
ko.)y
'"'
with
tree shrew
yAA
kx,y
t~
m::tJ
with
tree shrew
indeed
auy
yAII
pim!]
'"'
with
[other! people
mOIl
t hial) discard
thia1] discard
n~J only
kO:JY
,=
2,'
shrew
PIC
""
abandon
pk
yAA
prlat)
10I)
abandon
with
others
indeed
la,
pli:ly
pIny
abandon
'"Y '"'
yAh
110t
with
(other] people
p]:':oy
YA'"
prlat]
t~
mOIl
others
indeed
with
2,
Illunia
I,'
1"
abandon
rIC
bird
aay
lIot
la
Ib
nOl)
pr'tal)
only
other
2b
Ib'
nOt]
prlat]
only
other
2b'
Imerpretation * : Don't discard me to Slay with the munia-birds. If you do, I will indeed be but one of the munia-birds. Don ' t discard me 10 Slay with the tree shrews. If you do, I will indeed be but onc of the tree shrews. Don ' t abandon me to stay with others. If you do, I will indeed be but one of the others. Don 't desen me to stay with others. If you do, I will indeed be but onc of the othcrs.
In performance: ~'ee D2c:8
Lundström cropped.pdf 58
8/10/05 1:06:09 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
51
2d. RES PECTFUL SONGS: S ELF- DEPRECATION
Aay m~h k;);)n
0;);)1) ne
J a liI still s mall like II lillie e hild
2d l : 1
m'"
he
n6:>1) low table still
;,n
n6::l1) low table still
;,n
pat
p ii.l
00"
exp helll
,m -
nir
aay 1
.m
he
tOI] cnd
soft
birdeatching rod
kecy chicke n
;,n
aay
m~
he
1
,m
low table still
soft
;,n
pat
pat
00"
exp beat
he
n6::l1) lowl1lble still t01) cod
n6:J!:l
,m-
n'tr birdeatching rod
kecy c hicken
aay 1
m' " am
b::m
nSoq
ne
child
still
s mall
k6:>n
n6;)t] still
ne
ph
Pl f
small
tremble
tremblc
dut -
nJ -
d"
ehi ld
exp look [plural1
1
.m
m'"
kx,n child
k6;)n chi ld
n 6::l1) still
ne
ph
small
tremble
dat -
rT) -
aay
exp look lpluralJ
n6:>1) still
111
ne 2.
small
la
nO::ly small
2a'
tb
ne
cecy
sma ll
heart
2b
ne Ib
s mall ph trembl e
no;)y
cecy
s mall
hean
2b'
IlIIcrpreration* .'
I am still weak like a plaited table, Weak like a plaited table , like a small chicke n, swingi ng a birdcatc hing rod . I am still weak like a plai ted table, Weak like a plaited table, like a yo ung chicken, swinging a bi rdcalc hing rod. I am still small like a little child, Smal1 like a little child , like a small heart trembling al1 over. I am still small like a little c hi ld, Small li ke a little child, like a young heart trembling all over.
Lundström cropped.pdf 59
8/10/05 1:06:09 pm
Kllmmll S O ll gs
52
Aay m"h kS:>n n;):>1] ne I a ln still sma ll like a liUle child
,
.m
kco
n:):)1]
aay
mOIl
kre
nS.JI)
2dl:2
Oon
low table still
wh
pUlln
Oon
pUlln -
low table still
w f.
stamp [on soil]
,
m;h
hl
nS:>l)
am
low table still
soft
Oon
puun -
puun
wf.
stamp [on soil]
m;h
kxm
om
child
n:):>l] still
~ mall
taak
aay
kco
nSJ!] low table still
,
aay
la
kl -
laak
2.
tree
,.
Oon ktl "tree-stump -
2a'
no
k5::m
05::11]
ne
hn -
child
still
small
below
"Y ,
mOIl
k):m child
nS;)!]
ne
.m
still
small
k5::m
n5:)1]
no
0)-
k) 1
ch ild
still
small
about
'b
k-
nuun
kott
2b
Ib
k-
nuun 2b'
knee
Imerpretation* : I am still weak like a plaited table. Weak like a plaited (able, like a stepped-on tree-trunk. I am stil l weak like a plaited table, Weak like a plaited table, like a stepped-on tree-stump.
I am still small like a lillie child, Small like a little ch ild. less than knee-h igh.
I am still small li ke a little chi ld, Small like a litt le ch ild, just about knee-high.
Lundström cropped.pdf 60
8/10/05 1:06:10 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
53
Aay m~h phii 1;)01) mial) J alii a SI)irit wandering the land
,
.m
sial) pig
,
,m
aay
aay siar] pig
mOh
'wo
s'ii colours
s:):)1) iii two times four
lc -
[?xly
mOh
s:)0l) s'ii two times four
carp
lc -
mOh
I~]
pnli spirit
wander
,
.m
ph'ti spirit
s5oo]
iii two times four
,m
aay
sial) pig
S:)OI]
,
aay
sial} pig
2d2: I
EX)I)
mOh
IXlI} wander
phii spirit
[?xly
carp
wander
mbr] country
s-
16h
mlal) country
= k
ph'ii spirit
1500] wander
mlal) wide
mlal) country
sn -
cOh
= k
111
pian can get
mOk tattoo
2,
,. ptan can get
maa l) peel [a fru it1
2a'
Ib
tee
mah
my
'<><XI
2b
'b
Icc
mah
my
food
2b'
Inrerprefatiol!* :
I am a pig of two colours, A pig of Iwo colours, a tattooed carp. I am a pig eight hands wide, A pig eight hands wide, a peeled carp. I am a spirit wandering the land. A wandering spirit looking for food. I am a spirit wandering the land, A wandering spirit seeking for food .
II! performance: see D2c:3
Lundström cropped.pdf 61
8/10/05 1:06:10 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
54
Aay m"h Phii T:);)t) Lh q I am II Spirit of the Yellow Leaves
aay I
mOIl
.m
2d2:2
sial)
s:)JI)
pig
two limes fou r
Sii
Sii
,,-
I ~y
Slal) pig
S:):)1)
aay I
m;h am
sial)
,500]
iii
pig
two times
fO UT
Si i
,,-
l ~y
two times four
carp [1]
la
plan
mOk
can gel
tattoo
I.
ptan
maal)
(;an gel
resin
sial)
SXlI)
pig
two times four
aay I
m;h
Pt{ll
om
Spirit
"",f
Phii
Th,
Ual)
yOh
pak
yOh
w~y
Yelluw
go
pass
go
by
T""l
U a!)
Spirit
"".f
C
[?1
T",,]
Ib
Yellow
mOIl
Plf.]
I
.m
Spirit
"".f
Yellow
Phii
T"D
U a!)
yOh
p~k
yOh
w?x>y
Ye llow
go
pass
go
by
Co.f
2a'
U a!)
,'y
Spirit
2.
2b Ib 2b
Imerpretation* : I am a pig eight hands wide, A pig eight hands wide, a tattooed fi sh. I am a pig eight hands wide. A pig eight hands wide, a spotted fi sh. I am a Spirit of the Ycllow Leaves, A Sp iTit of the Yel low Leaves going by. passi ng by. I am a SpiTit of the Yellow Leaves,
A Spi Ti t of the Ve llow Leaves going by, pass ing by.
Aflerllative words:
20,20 1 : trlooy: mOoY
Lundström cropped.pdf 62
= kind or fish.
8/10/05 1:06:10 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
55
2e. R ESPECTFUL SONGS: EX PR ESSING SOC IAL UNITY KMal) cUur nlutcl)nlu t
,
Whcn it looks like an CI)idcmic is gctting near
hua!) -
kl·
hUa!)
".
Hal)
kl·
hua!)
puut
cuur
cloud
come low exp look
s&'>k =k
)
Ie
wc
foc
thatch grass
puut
cuur
hua!) -
cloud
comc low ex!, look
s&'>k
"
Ie
I·
we
foc
mill/boo
khial)
cuur
rout -
CTJ -
haal)
"
Ie
1m·
we
foc
'ow
=k
"
we
tOOl] part o(village
2a'
ruut
pO
'"
ruut
Ie
s·
caa!)
fOl
elephan1
rout -
epidemic come low exp look
s5:)k
tcel] rep;lir
lb
sSok
cuur
"
ex!' look
=k
khial)
kita!) house
I,
=k
epidemic come
t5:)k covcr
.
tcel] kaaT] prepare house sacrifice [=ance~tor
2b ~pirits]
tb
thaa!)
mtal) 2b'
prepare village sacrifice [=village spiri1s]
fllIClpreratioll* .'
When it looks li ke the douds arc getting low, Let us search for thatch grass to cover our houses, Whcn it looks like the clouds are gctting low, Let us search fo r bamboo to re pai r our village. When it looks like an epidemic is gett ing near, Let us search fo r cows to sacrifice to the ancestor spirits. Whcn it looks like an epidemic is gell ing ncar, Let us search for elephants to sacrifice to the vittage spirits.
Lundström cropped.pdf 63
8/10/05 1:06:11 pm
Kllmmll S O ll gs
56
Pr6 aay yet nlam kdl) 2,2
I wish we could stay together in the \lilIa ge
pro
aay
wish
w,
pro
aay
pItH)
ruam
sprout
together
ph)!) sprout
ruam
eel w"' e"
wi sh
w,
P'"
any
yel
ruum
hi!]
"'ish
we
stay
together
village
prS
,ay
IC"
rUam
kaa t)
sit
together
house
wi sh
w,
together
la
I,'
0
Ib
Ib'
Interpretation:
I wish I wish I wish I wish
we could sproullogclhcr bitterly. we could sprout together happily. we could stay together in the village. we could sit together in the house.
In performance: ~·ee DI .5, D2c:6
Lundström cropped.pdf 64
8/10/05 1:06:11 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
57
3a. SONGS OF PRA ISE: PRAIS ING AN AREA OR A VILLAGE
oJ thell l ~~ eew mial] ca Imp:S~t twa al] "ish a distanlland on th e far side of hea\"C n I>
s·
I", then
IJ::m
hindered
I> I
I", then
s·
t5:)11
hindered
pa
praay
search
deadfall trap
waal)
pluu
rx.y
k·
taa!)
long row plain
fence
waal)
pa
praay
search
deadfall trap
pluu
,;oy
k·
laa!)
'Ce"
ITW
mj.al)
cO
Kn ·
visit
land
distant
Iwme Navel
s·
t5:)11
cel]
,;oy
t uu
II ·
gates
higher than
fli!)
wx.:
lOCI
ITW
m'J.al)
cO
1m -
then
visit
land
distant
other side
IJ::m
ce" surround
rx.y
IUU
1m·
hundred
gates
crossing through
hindered
p6<:lt
I.
waal) Ib
heaven
I.
waal)
heaven
I.
2b
waal) Ib'
heaven
pok
I.
Waa!) 2b'
heaven
inrerprefatiol!* :
I then search my row of lraps on the Puu D itJ plain. Hindered by a fe nce of a hundred bctellcaves. I then search my row of traps on the Puu U>ot plain, Hindered by a fe nce of a hundred bctel leaves. I then visit a di stant land at the Navel of Heaven, Hindered by a wall with a hundred doors, passi ng through heaven . I then visit a di stant land on the far side of heaven, Hindered by a wall with a hundred gates, reaching through heaven.
II! performance: set! D2b:5
Lundström cropped.pdf 65
la '
2,
then
s·
1001 IIl1me
fence
I",
I>
PUu -
long row plain
I
surround hundred
rlil)
2,
I>
hindered
PUu lIame
reel)
betel leaf hundred
betel lenf hundred
3. 1
8/10/05 1:06:11 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
58
THn tHo trnal) took 3.2
Trallll)ing feet o n the CO\'crcd brid ge
(lin -
Ittn
exp l'ollJ!1I of feet
'k -
,, I)o:)k
e:rp look. [plural]
liin -
th n
e.fp sound of feet
,k -
,, -
snal]
hm horse
p~
then
"0'
k-
m~
wh ich
Ito] tied
n~J know
rar]
I,
leel]
ro r] gate
co,
kuul
will
cu me
IUU
kUul
p-
come
gale
kn -
suun
?ylak
s-
excre-
elephant
2,
stell -
can!]
1?x1
p~
nOoq
r61)
I
then
not
know
gale
k-
mo
co,
kuuI
will
cO llie
101]
kilu!
P' -
then
OO~
gate
II enlwine
w'n
Lundström cropped.pdf 66
3a
kuul
kuul 4,
come ;;ornc
Iplentiful)
b
);,a
kuun
name
men!
"
Ib'
tied
then
which
Ib
t ;)::lk
1:x,
step o n
la
bridge
I] :':lk
100
ca 3!]
elephant
exp look [plural1
I
took bridge
covered
b
"
naIl
covered
2,
stcn -
khan
3,'
/lame
p',"
"l -
sil k
drapery
yaal)
pO:>
Ooy
yoo
oh
4b
8/10/05 1:06:11 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
59
/nterprefation * :
Tramping feet on the covered bridge, countless tied elephants bobbing their heads. Tramping feet on the covered bridge, countless tied horses bobbing their heads. I didn ' t know which door to choose. When I chose the 5ten-Kuun-door, I stepped on heaps of elephant dung. I didn ' t know which gate to choose . When I chose the 5ten-Khan-gate, I stumbled over your draperies of silk , oh.
Alternative line:
4b:
kn slep on
suun
7y'iak
hm-
excre·
horse
mcnt
dill
kuut
kuut
come come
Iplcm iful]
I stepped on heaps of horse dung.
Lundström cropped.pdf 67
8/10/05 1:06:12 pm
60
Kllmmll SOllgs
Tal] kUl] t a a hnluk IS:> ylian 3.3
Your village is built in the valley where brOll rA' drums are moulded
pat
plu!)
tila
yi'my
kaaT)
'"'
bHmboo shoot
"'
balcony
house
taan
yaa!)
kS
slim
cage
'0
cO
plait
P"'
bird
piH
pill!)
laa
yaay
kllal)
'"'
bamboo
"'
balcony
house
shoot
taan
yaal)
kS
cO
pr&!k
plait
cage
'0
P"'
squirrel
taq
kUI) village
tao
hn valley
luk
build
taq
kUl)
build
village
"'
I&>
ya3n
cern
0)-
cast
bronze
every
staircase
maar
cern
khO;)n - Caal)
S.1 1t
every
village gate
"' laa
0)kX>l) mountain ridge
la
2a
t,
2b'
I&>
yilan
cast
bronze drum
I&>
yilan
cast
bronze drum
3a
3a'
to;)1)
4,
drum
kO;)1) ,ook
4a'
Inrerpreration* :
You cut your young bamboo on your balcony To plait cages for birds. You cut your young bamboo on your balcony To plait cages for squirrel s. Your village is built in the valley where bronze drums are moulded.
Your village is built on the ridge where bronze drums are moulded. Bronze drums are moulded at every stai rcase, Salt is cooked at every vi llage gate.
Lundström cropped.pdf 68
8/10/05 1:06:12 pm
S O ll gs of F e ll s lill g
61
Alternative segmellls:
Ik -
plk
kut]
l at]
Cial]
many (being still)
village
built
Imythological hero1
II] -
kut]
160 ca,t
yaan
k'fal]
wide pool
village
bronze drum
Iliferpretatioll : Thi s large village was built by Oat]. In thi s wide vi llage bronze drums are made.
kspit
cuh
km spit
haak
taa at
taa at
kn tnlum underneath Ithe floor1
mren hit
traak buffalo
e-
mren hit
yaan bronze drum
m_ comer lofhouse l
Interpretation:
If you spit below the floor, you hit a buffalo. If you spit into the corner, you hit a bronze drum.
Lundström cropped.pdf 69
8/10/05 1:06:12 pm
62
Kllmmll SOllgs
3b. SONGS OF PRA ISE: PRA]SING A HOUSE Rl)tool) aay ph60n kaa kaay kIla The first time I climb a staircase
1m-
ula!)
egg-plant
aay
cO::>
1
will
1m -
l aUI)
cgg-pllllll
aay 1
C~ will
n] t:l::ll] staircase
aay
3bl
auy
ph:);)n
phaa
kauy
phaa
1
never
'"
then
'"'
phaa
1m -
taal)
TX'lY
lUuk
'"'
egg-plant
hundred
elf
Oay
phi:m
1
never
phaa ,m lam]
kauy
phaa
then
cut
rny
klSoq
hundred
=d
phaa
hn -
I:ul
egg-plant
Oay
phiJn
kaa
kaay
kOa
1
never
cli mb
then
climb
1:'::11]
'Ooy
waa ' if
c~ will
kaa
'0 -
1
dimb
staircase
0)-
tOOl)
aay
ph:);)n
kaa
kauy
Ua
1
never
climb
then
climb
10:)1)
slairC1lSC
aay
c:x,
ka3
0)-
1
will
climb
staircase
hundred
TX'lY
k5::m
hundred
step
la
2, I,
2a'
Ib
2b
Ib
2b'
Imerpretation* : The first time I cut an eggplant , I wil l CUI a hundred fruits. The fi rst time I cut an eggplant, I wil l cut a hundred seeds.
The first time I climb a staircase, I wil l climb a hundred yards. The firsllime I c limb a staircase, I will climb a hundred steps.
Lundström cropped.pdf 70
8/10/05 1:06:13 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
63
oIndeed kS:>n pS:>t yaay rOOI) tmcel saam :hm I walk around a eastlel)Oreh 1)OIe three nlell ean't embract' 0 0 I
0 I
0
p", yo"
p'"
you
wOol
,-,-
ko:>n indeed
pOO~
waay
touch
exp luuch
ki:m indced
pOO~
ki:m indeed
pOol
yaay go around balcony
rOoI) en tral) building gable-post
kXln indeed
p:iJt yaay go around bakony
'Oo~
kXln indeed
kXlI cuI
en -
k5;)
yAf\ of
mecy duu hard-wood
eta!]
i, Ie
s-
caal)
"~
elephant
ruu pull
touch
kXlIl indeed
kXlI sol
liver
wOol
waay
I-
liver
exp lOuch
cenlr~1
I-
tm eN building house-pole
3b2
S~
-
ladpoJe yCl-
ca~ 111
ye' I,'
dwd(l
sfiam
'>om
'h=
metUlire
sfiam
:",n
th=
mellI/Ire
yOh go
foo'
khial) cliff
2,
3,
t rat] cenlral pole en -
k&l
YAf\
meey d uu hard-wood
dar]
of
Ie
s-
caal)
yOh
"~
elephanl
~ carry
go
foo'
klfia!] cl iff
2,
3a l
lilferpretation* " I touch the li ver of the tadpole no one can see_ I touch the liver of the cicada no one can see. I walk around a castleporch pole three men can't embrace. I walk around a castleporch post three men can't embrace.
Indeed you must have c ut its hardwood tree at the mountain's foot and used elephants to pull it. Indeed you must have c ut its hardwood tree at the mountain's foot and used elephants to lift it.
Lundström cropped.pdf 71
Ib'
t raIl pole
it
Indeed Indeed Indeed Indeed
Ib
8/10/05 1:06:13 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
64
Kaal) Jiat} ta as PO;) to:.k YAA criil At the front Ihe roof of yo ur house is co\'cred with gold
l~
-
kla!)
exp luok l~ e.rp look
klal)
om
,m -
wmcr
eave
om
,m -
waler
cave
puuy
puuy
kual)
lI al]
look
poo
t;)::lk
side
hack
your
~,
kaal]
[fa ll side
[aa s
poo
house
back
your
,, -
flil
"'0'
plan
yITI]
able
look
eta!]
mal
prJ
horizon
sun
screwed up eyes
"
able
look
s-
dal)
mal
mo~
horizon
moon
s-
keel]
screwed up eyes S-
keel) keel)
screwed up eyes
,0>
ptan
"
glittering fish
house
dazzled
Hla r
3b3
(;J:lk
,00'
h5
waar
ho>
sunshine
yAA
TaaS
0'
YAA
0'
la
I,' 2,
bamboo rooting
cfii l 2a'
gold
3,
3b
Y"'~
3,'
3b'
Imerpretation* : From the caves of your house water flow s like sparkling fish. Fro m the caves of your house water tlows like brilliant sunshine. AI the back the roof of your house i s covered with bamboo. At the front the roof of your house is covered with gold, Eyes dazzled J am unable to look Straight into the sun on the horizon. Eyes screwed up J am unable to look Straight into the moon on the horizon.
Lundström cropped.pdf 72
8/10/05 1:06:13 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
65
hrn~om eriil Long, hangin g bamboo sirills of gold
Rt?yo;)t
s-
?i iI
swallow
16;)k
S-
barbet
'Y -
fiaay
yaam "Y
Yx>k
yaam "Y
yaay
sc-
70
3b4
Y:':Jk
exp lOl/lId
111
yaay
p:'J/.
exp ~tripcd
lattice
c\7ySot exp lung. hanging
h, -
kIUUP gable roof
15:Jk
YAII
cover
with
e rtil gold
sc-
aI
pt a n
d:':Jm
Ilot
able
'~k
tI ll
dazzled
I,'
exp J'OIl11d
2,
tassel
n:o.n
bamboo strip
c ri il guld
" 2a'
3a'
Interpreratioll* :
The swallow cries 'y ~ yX>k' . The barbet cries 'yaay yaay' . Striped lattice wi th ta ssels. Long. hanging bamboo strips or gold. Gable roorcovered in gold. Dazzled I am unable to look.
Lundström cropped.pdf 73
8/10/05 1:06:14 pm
66
Kllmmll SOllgs
3c. SONGS OF PR AISE: PRAISING W INE AND FOOD
Ktal) puuc poo k60n nam 3d
Your wine jar is illdCfli huge
k·
t 'D
puue wine
jar
sa3m
Oom
three
IIU!(IJ'I""
p"
your
k&>n indeed
nam big
tb
I>
ton
,.
(&In
t
sit
;,
half-w3Y
"P
kh60n -
c~n
k"
p" ,""
I"
sit un une's hee ls Ra Ul) - i'iaay Name Iblack decorated jar1
;,
no'
2,
2b
reach
tu take away
311
Haay - phaal)
kaay
[white dccOJ·"tedjar]
then
Jll/me
la
'''''
3b
come
Imerpretation* .' Y our wine jar is indeed huge,
three fatho ms around. Sitti ng down 1 reach but half-way up, sitt ing on my heels I still can't reach . When the black dccomtcd jar is removed,
the huge white jar is brought in.
Lundström cropped.pdf 74
8/10/05 1:06:14 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
M~
67
se s aay te phS;)l]
Who scnes me from the measuri ng cup
3<2
mo
ko;)!)
:lay
who
cook
mc
lc -
I~y
ylm
hn -
tai l
'"
"Y me
te
plaal)
fo'
silvcrgrass
hn -
ta
carp [?[
mo
kXl!)
who
cook
lc -
I ~y
carp P[
YllTI
crees wild mango
,'"
ear
who
Waa!) PO"'
"Y mo
kS;)n
pra
ylm
hr -
ear
pt£q
c~
kaay
will
o vernow
ptCI)
pek
round of wine
overnow round of wine
sip -
ct
ptCI)
pek
round of wine
overflow round of wine
ptcq
sip -
round of wine
twelve
Lundström cropped.pdf 75
plaa l) sil vcrgrass
m~y
Yl1l1
eleven
kn l) cook
hr -
pd
pte!)
s5JI)
tc
ro<
2,
la'
measuring horn
kS::m
pte<)
wild mango
ph5.:l1)
"Y me
round of wine
crees
f"
PO"'
mon k
ko;)!)
to
sCS
111
cook
ta il
who
mo
ro<
",d
mo
mon k
tc
2a'
tb
ses
phS:ll]
PO"'
measuring horn
2b
ph5.:l!) Ib'
measuring horn m~y
waal) PO"'
phS:l1) measuring horn
2b'
3,
kOJY
yet
kldal)
phS:l1)
just
stay
inside
measuring horn
coo
kaay
will
o vernow
kOJY
?y5.:I1)
kldal)
I)l a!)
just
stay
inside
measuring horn
3b
3,
3b'
8/10/05 1:06:14 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
68
Imerpretation* : Who cooks the wild mango for me? The carp with the red-coated tail cooks the wild mango. Who cooks the sil vcrgrass for me?
The carp with the red-coated tail cooks the sil verg rass. Who serves me from the measuring c up? The monk with the red-coated cars serves me from the measuring cup. Who pours me from the measuring cup?
The monk with the red-coated cars pours me from the measuring cup. The rounds arc overwhelmi ng, arc ovcrn owing. Just let the eleventh round stay in the measuring cup. The rounds are overwhe lming, are overflowing. Just let the twe lfth round remain in the measuring horn.
Taa
m~
poo rUI) pUUC
W here d id you make the wi nc
laa
rno
where
laa where
m6
pn
kn Q
Y'"
cook
pn
'UQ
Y'"
make
3<3
P:J::l
tniuc
you
fell
nit) b:ll) yellowed cook leaves
P:J::l you
ruQ
puuc
b:ll)
make
wille
cook
pUuC wine
taa
SO truh downstream
puuc wine
"
ta,
Irn-
"
balcony
ta as
ruQ I,
yellowed leaves
puuc wille
I,'
P' dragon
y'Do
P' -
y'Do
dragon
bOc
00
p
p
bee
00
p
p
Inrerpreration* :
Where did you cut the leaves, brew the leaves? Where did you make the wine, brew the wine? Did you cook it by the Dragon's stream? Did you brew it by the Dragon's porch? In performance: ~·ee DI3
Lundström cropped.pdf 76
8/10/05 1:06:15 pm
2,
2a l
69
SOllgs of Fellslillg
p~o
pMan 0 yAII. plluc 3<4
You are sen'ing lIIe wi ne till I die
P""
truue
"
yAh
yaan
with
bronze drum
il
yAh
yaa n
with
bronze drum
y"
pull down me
y"
P""
cook
m,
kx,I)
P""
phaan
0
yAh
puue
YOll
kill
me
with
wine
P""
phaan
I>
yAt.
mah
kill
me
with
yO"
I,' Ib
Ib'
f """
Imerpretatiol!* : You arc You arc You are You are
pulling me with your bronze drum ti ll I fall. pulling me with your bronze drum till I boil. serv ing me wi ne till J die. servi ng me food till I die.
II! performance: !,'U DI.3. D2b:5
Lundström cropped.pdf 77
8/10/05 1:06:15 pm
70
Kllmmll SOllgs
No;) doy 0
C~'d
hi an
3<,
If you don't help me, I will die
plSoy
l aa l)
pl:Soy
let go
li~ard
let go
P""
pli:ly
0
1101
let go
I
c?xJy
mlal]
",oy
help
friend
help
p;);)
c::oy
'"
help
"
I,
''''' will
phaan 2,
kill
lb
cbo
haan
will
die
2,'
Interpretation: Let go, lizard, let go! If you don't let go, I will kill you. Help me, friend, help me! If you don' t help me, I will die.
In performance: ~'ee DI.3, D2b:7
Lundström cropped.pdf 78
8/10/05 1:06:15 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
Ptluc P;)O k60n him mia n
71
om kif
Your wi nc is ind eed delicious li ke fish soup
puue wine
puue wine
3<6
k&>n
Jam
YOUT
indeed
delicious like
w'P
'"
p r~
mo
kllat)
ex,y
dec
mother
"
I<\a
wish
my
at
house
he lp
oh
P'" your
k&>n
Jiim
mta n
indeed
delic io us li ke
prS
mx,k
I>
wish
sisler
my
P'"
mta n
om
fish
111
om
pr&>k
soup
squirrel
t,a
kaat)
cx,y
dec
al
house
help
oh
2,
la '
2a'
Imerpretatiol!* :
Your wine is indeed del icious like squirre l soup. I wish my mothcr back home could hclp me. Your wine is indeed de licious like fis h soup. I wish my siste r bac k home could he lp me.
II! performance : !'·ee DI .3
Lundström cropped.pdf 79
8/10/05 1:06:16 pm
72
Kllmmll SOllgs
o po} rna h priim
3<,
I cat prime r ice
lOCI
'I iI)
then
lean
iia
Iii leaf
tree
pflim
km ~
prime
stomach pain I?I
t,
against
p; cat
mnh rice
puu!
piau
trau k
~"'
boffalo
tb
s..lad
1:x, then
' IiI) lclln
Ii
no
leaf
tree
pflim prime
km ~ puu! stomach pain 1?1
t,
~gainst
p; cat
mnh rice
piau
re.:t
~"'
rhinoceros
tb'
s..lad
Imerpretation* :
I lean agai nst the fi~tree leaf. I eat prime rice and buffalo meat salad ti ll I suffocate! I lean agai nst the ii~trcc leaf. I eat prime rice and rh inoceros meat salad till I suffocate! In performance: ~·ee DJ.3
Lundström cropped.pdf 80
8/10/05 1:06:16 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
R~:lt
73
pnyaap kaal) k h6:l1)
J come a nd (',nllty the house of my good friend
roo
r~t
kitu -
come
,,,,
spl ashing about
comc
waste
P" -
yaup
ro"
r:x,t
ku u -
comc
splashing about
r~:lt
kp' -
come
dist urb
HP
kiial)
kl3.a p
house
termite
kiial)
khX>1)
hou se
friend
kaal)
klip
house
rain-hat
kaal)
c uu
house
friend
:k8
111
lb
la'
Ib'
fluc lprerarion:
I come splashing into the house of the term ite. I come and empty the house of my good friend. I come splashing into the house of the rain hat. I come and disturb the house of my kind frien d.
Lundström cropped.pdf 81
8/10/05 1:06:16 pm
74
Kllmmll SOllgs
3d. SONGS OF PRA ISE: PRA1SING A GIFT Rap
uta ti taa haal)
I rccch"c this from your rOO·coaled ha nd
,ap
taa
praal)
Taal)
receive
from
yellow
nowcr
duck-weed
len
'en
looT
cuk
top
ivory-ntH palm
e:rp belli
"
rap
tOa
pnlalJ
raal]
it
recei ve
from
yellow
nowcr
duck-weed
teii
ten
100,
IUlil
top
Iitsea trec
exp beal
3d 1: )
ra p
tOa
ti
taa
haal)
receive
from
hand
paint
[red] lacqucr
so-
luk
k-
mUlil
III
2, t,
2a'
tb
silver
suspend
2b
,ar
laa
ti
ta,
haUl)
receive
from
h;md
pailll
[rcdllacquer
stcn -
s:):)y
k-
mUlil
plaited link
Ib'
2b'
silver
Imerpretation* : I receive this from your yellow duc k-weed flower, beating the top of the ivory-n ul palm. I receive thi s from your yellow duck-weed flower. beating the top of the ]ilsea tree. I rece ive thi s from you r red-coated hand , covered with hang ing sil ver. I receive this from your rcd-coaled hand, covered with plaited silver chai ns.
AfU:rnalil'f! (ran:.'/alioll:
la:
pdi.11) :
Lundström cropped.pdf 82
= roof ridge
8/10/05 1:06:16 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
7S
Rap taa tf taa haa!] J receive thi s from your red·coaled halld
nIp
lila
phaal}
raal}
receive
from
oil lamp 111
nower
duckweed
JdI:2
"
111
rap
lila
phaal}
raal}
puu l
receive
from
oil lamp I'!I
nowcr
globe amaranth
rap
I" from
Ii hand
receive
taa
haal}
paint
(redl lacquer
rap
laa
k -
from
Ii hand
lita
reccive
paint
silver
'ay
cOo
p6h
taa
po -
I
will
keep
aay
cOo
I
will
"k
""
shelf
aay I
C"" will
aay
cOo
ku
I
will
treasure
aay
cOo
I
will
a,y I
Ib '
I nlk 2,
k~
sut
cia
I,
all
life
p6h
taa
po -
1m
""
drying-rack
k""
sut
cia
"
all
life
p6h
tee
I,
keep
me
f".
cOo
p6h
lee
will
keep
Ie for
Lundström cropped.pdf 83
m,
Ib
muul
love
keep
la l
p' -
2b 2,'
2b'
OITI
am ulet
"1 charm
),
""
3,'
8/10/05 1:06:17 pm
76
Kllmmll SOllgs
Imerpretation* : I receive this from I receive this from I receive thi s from I receive thi s from
your duck-weed flo wer lamp. your globe amaramh lamp. your rcd-coated hand. your si lver-coatcd hand.
I will kee p it on my shelf. I wil l love it all my life. I wi ll keep il on my drying-rack.
I wil l treasure it all my life. I wil l keep it as an amulet. I will kee p it as a chann .
Aflernaliw words:
puuJ : kmiiu/:
Lundström cropped.pdf 84
kloh
=log fl ower [a kind of orchid]
tmpoh = full
8/10/05 1:06:17 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
77
4a. SONGS OF D EPRECATION: GENERAL
Taa ko;)n dol clek 4, 1
Indeed, don't exaggerate so much
,aa
ko;)n
sok
c-
00<
indeed
c",
tree
1)0:)1
km -
plaT
scalyant-ealer
1)0:)1
taa
ki:m indced
sck c",
c-
00' taa
ki:m
c6:>1
c-
00<
indeed
flatter
exp beautify
laa
k6:>n
c6:>1
c-
00'
indeed
flatter
exp beautify
tree
'0k Ick
km -
plaT
waar
"
su nshine hot
waar
p:xx-
scal y ant-cater
sun shine shifting
k, PI] embarrassed
c-
k, PI] embamlSsed
nar
exp feeling
I-
Ib
[]ll C
exp feeling
fllIClpreratioll * .' Indeed, don't c ut the cl)OoI tree, 1 am an ant-eater in the sunshine. Indeed, don 't c ut the cl)OoI tree, I am an ant-eater in the sunset. Indeed, don ' t exaggerate so much, I am embarrassed and uneasy. Indeed, don 't exaggerate so much. 1 am embarrassed and un worthy.
In pcrformance: scc D2b .'5, D2b.'9, D2c:6
Lundström cropped.pdf 85
I,'
8/10/05 1:06:17 pm
Ib'
Kllmmll SOllgs
78
Rmttim t a a t a at] ca 4, 2
What is beticI'cd at II dista nce
sn -
wa
~'Pider
11 -
?;x,l
C.rp look big
wa
tila
PIl , -
"
lIame mountain
I -
IXlI)
Ifim la
kreel)
2,
big (of branch, log) tea shade tree
10.
PUu -
spider
"'
lit/me mountain
I,
,;'1 II exp look big
I -
1:>;)1] kres big (of brlU](;h. log) tree
2a'
sn -
nn -
thin
belief
yO!>
taa
laa
" lOs
go
"
ncar
"l-
hUal)
10.
TUmour
yO!> go
"
t aaT) travel
t~ indeed laaT) Ifllvcl
fiim
cO Ib
far
rXlI b~d
2b
ca
roc
laa
Ics
101) -
"
ncar
indeed bad
Ib'
rOoI 2b
Imerpretation* : A spider on the PUll Lh rn mountai n May seem big like a branch of the tea shade tree. A spider on the PUll Dim mountain May seem big l ike a Jog of the
kres trec.
What is believed at a d istance Is noth ing when you come ncar. What is rumoured at a distance Is noth ing when you come near.
In performance: see D2e:3
Lundström cropped.pdf 86
8/10/05 1:06:18 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
79
p~o
koon pnpee 0 mut·lrmat Indeed you outdo fragile lIIe
P""
oh
ko~n
C~
indeed
hairpin
00
[a leaf
oh
P""
oh
P""
oh
P""
oh
kxm indeed
-
hair pin
c~
khat
4"
1m -
t rU ll soft
loor >op
khat
klol) winter cherry t ru ll soft
[10 -
ta
oh
leaf
>up
II""
m""n mulbeny
ko~n
pn -
pte
indeed
outdo
"
" I
,m
koon orphan
YOor YOl) fatherless
kxm indeed
pn -
pte
outdo
"
exp Ilme,"
yOo'
rna
I>
rn'"
"n
I,
trJ::l
exp
00
m'"
trJO
e.>:p
kO::l1l orphan
la' mut exp IOllch
lOut -
I. fragile
m',
lb
I. fragile
lOat
motherless
Ib'
Imerpretation*: Indeed an elastic hairpi n; oh, top leaf of the winter cherry. Indeed an e lastic hairpin ; oh, top leaf of the mulberry. Indeed you outdo fragi le me; J am a fatherless orphan. Indeed you outdo frag ile me; J am a motherless orphan .
Raam 0 ~3y, PI)k8: 0 I am ashamed, oh, I am embarrassed
kh , I> chestnut
oh
rilam I> ashamed
oh
aarn
"'Y
raat) nower
"'Y
ka P~ embarrassed
Iwme
"
"toy
I
oh
0
"toy
I
oh
I,
Ib
Imerpretation*: I am a chestnut, oh, I am an a3m flower, oh. I am ashamed, oh, I am embarrassed, oh.
Lundström cropped.pdf 87
8/10/05 1:06:18 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
80
4b. SONGS OF D EPR ECATION: D EPRECATING ONE'S HOUSE Kaal) s6 k, k8.al) tlm;);)1j 4b l
A house on t he outskirts, by the edge of the vi ll age
m""J
kaal) house
s6k
kaUI)
II·
outside
housc
edge of village
kaal) house
I:):) 1;:':)1] stand in the way
h~ . storm
tI . ffi:XX] edge of village
kaal)
s6k
kaat)
house
oubidc
house
kaal]
IS:! " :X] stand in the w~y
house
h i] -
la
blur Ib
I,
ITXlY
wind
Ib '
Interpretation: A house on the outsk i rts, by the edge of the vi llage, Stands in the way of the storms, A house on the outskirts, by the edge of the village, Stands in the way of the winds.
Pi k pri im. cotra 1] pri im 4b2
Ancient crossbea ms, a ncient posts
Sl im
nk
c·
bird
blind
lcafbird
'Jom -
px,m
raal)
I·
nower
gi nger
C" •
Ira !)
spicy I?J
p'+k
pr'iim
cross-
ancient
"''''
me
n~J only
beam
hmnew
lal)
nk I,
blind
we Ib
pt'iim 2,
ancient
h"
n':'::»n 2b
bamboo strif'S
Imcrpretation* :
Blind birds, blind Icatbirds, The ginger flowers alone are spicy. Ancient crossbeams. ancient posts, The bamboo strips alone are new.
Lundström cropped.pdf 88
8/10/05 1:06:18 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
81
4c. SONGS OF D EPR ECAT ION: D EPR ECATING O NE'S WI NE AND FOOD
Kta!) th a n rna tf 4<1
With a wine jar small as a thumb
k· wine jar
h ·
,'~ fl al)
t han
rn'
like
lhumb
"
kOh -
II .
keh
eta!) J11
2,
exp sway in g back and fOTlh
fa ll over
Tap
~ay
welcome po/ill! lIddress
k·
I
wine jar
lI a l)
fall over
aat -
naa
sa h
h ·
rna
'oc
t han
Ina
like
thumb
3,
"
ma
'oc
cla1)
"
II . kOh kOh exp SW11ying back and fOTlh
sah
wecy
aat -
say
offer
polile
2,
naa (Jddre~'s
3a'
Interpreratioll* :
With a wine jar small as a thumb or a toe, Sway ing and turning over, I ask you to be welcome. With a wine jar small as a thumb or a toe, Swaying and turning over, I bid you to be welcome.
In performance: see D2c:2
Lundström cropped.pdf 89
8/10/05 1:06:19 pm
82
K llmmll SOllgs
Pd uc 0 m;}h
pu uc ca an
My wi ne is what J could gather by begging
tni ai'i broom -
gmss
puuc winc
tniai'i broom -
gmss
puuc rice
" " " "
my
my
my
my
mOIl ;,
mini'i
tTuue
broom -
turn yellow
4<2
la
gnlss
mOIl ;,
puuc
caai'i
wine
collect by
lb
beggi ng
mOIl ;, mOIl ;,
miai'i
klah
broom -
gnlss
'"
mOh
caai'i
rice
collect by
I,' lb '
begging
Imerprewrion* .' My broomgrass is what had al ready withered. M y wine is what [ could gather by begging. My broomgrass is what had already been cut. My rice is what I could gather by begging.
Lundström cropped.pdf 90
8/10/05 1:06:19 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
83
oJ l~~ poia yJi.A tal] po:> ma h Ihc ll h!l\'C nol h ill g 10 servc YOll
I>
I", thcll
' <3
pO;) !1othillg
yAh
klah
with
ClIl
P'"
YUI)
yO"
piecc I?l
so-
tree
I>
I",
klah
pOo
yal)
t
thell
'O'
y'"
pieee [?I PlIt togelher [?I
l~
pO;) !1othillg
yAh
t '~
p::'J
mOh
with
scrve
YOll
food
mah
h~
I>
thcll
I>
I",
ta l)
pOo
t
thell
serve
yO"
I>
I", thell
p5;) nothing
yAh
t
I>
eo,
with
t at] serve
-
kSJY
t banana
l::Oy
2,
tb
pe-
kec
only
millet
pOo
111
2b
rnah
yO"
,,'
kaarn
I",
ta l]
pOo
mah
h, -
thcll
servc
yO"
food
chaff of rice
tb
pe-
kee 2b'
unly
Imcrpretation* : I then have nothing to cut you, So I cut you and li ne up some pla in banana, I then have nothing So I serve you onl y I then have nothing So I serve you onl y
to serve you, mil let to cat, to serve you , rice chaf f to eat.
II! performance: :,'ee D2b:6
Lundström cropped.pdf 91
8/10/05 1:06:19 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
84
Sa. SONGS OF SPEC IAL FEASTS: ' TH E RICE SOUL FEAST' Sp6 ta a
m~
k601 mee Ii ay
Where did you col the gia nt bamboo
(C-
fJ;)J
0 (C-
mo
to
where
1:):)1
0
,-
tila
I<\a
po
to. where
Ineey
taa
pit)
big bamboo
mo
po
mo mo
mec
aay
you
dear
kS:>[
mec
aay
em
yO"
dear
mec
'ay
yO"
dear
ca ar)
1aal)
bol
yO"
cut
muuol ain 1Il/lIIe Elephant
Jaal) yO"
,m
PUu -
mOllntain
IIllllle
Ineey
mok
PUll -
pit)
ttl)
0
kS:l1
mok
big bamboo
'"Y dear
cui
where
gian t bam boo
y -
mec
pound [?I you
where
gian t bam boo
5.1
Elephant
caal)
la
t,' tb
Ib'
2,
pen
2,'
kixl
k:'l:m
SIal)
bOT)
,6k
indeed
-"resonant
mt an
;,
like
sound
gong
6 [hlmds in diameterj
k" -
Ir6k
rem
0)-
kO::>l)
every
mountain ridge
praise k~
kXlIl
;,
indeed
'"resonant
tnjan like
kl -
waa
rem
0)kS:J1) mountain ridge
every
praise
Sial) sound
4, b:ll) gong
haa 5 (hands in diameter[
did did did did
you pound the small bamboo, dear? you grind the small bamboo, dear? you cut the g iant bamboo, dear? you cut the big bamboo, dear?
Did you cut the giant bamboo on the Elephant mountain? Did you cut the big bamboo on the Elephant moun tain? Indeed it is resonant like a gong six fists wide. Praise fill every ridge. Indeed it is resonant like a gong five fi sts wide. Echoes fill every ridge.
Lundström cropped.pdf 92
3,' 4a'
Imerpretalion* .' Where Where Where Where
3a
8/10/05 1:06:20 pm
SOllgs of Fellstillg
8S
PSh day m:) h pS h P~
5.2
:lam - c raam exp fumble
1m trough
pSh
aam - c raam exp rumble
1m -
pSh
wb
kx,n indlw
yaum weep
exp sob
I
kx,n indeed
yaam weep
exp sob
aay I
aay I
.ay I
aay
kxm indeed
ma p
leXm indeed
ma p
wb
blap blap
biap blap
trough h" valley
10>
") -
kS:)I]
erua n
5ay
mOh
eruan
p O;)
m,
i,
f m it
""'
k~
kx,n indeed
mia n like
plaa
plaa
i,
exp cut
cru k scope
I,
I;
crSJi]
good
scope
I,'
10
q5 rice
Ib
q5 rice
Ib'
good
ridge
fmit
I; good
10 good
noh wilt
2,
I.
1m
leaf
pl(llu: Mllr(llUlI [?I
3,
crua n
5ay
mOh
cruan
p;"
frllit
my
i,
frllit
"0'
k""
kx,n indeed
mtan like
piau
plaa
exp cut
pSh
"y
mOh
pSh
p~
my
i,
clapper
kx,n indeed
mtan like
pu
exp beat leaf
thin bamboo
3b
milan nice I-soundingl
2b
"
clapper
k""
"pSh
clapper k~
i,
"y
2,
15
ren
leaf
pit/III
3a'
00'
milan nice I-soundingl
2b
pu
I-
mOh
pSh
p Oo
my
i,
clapper
kx,n indeed
mian like
ten
""'
Lundström cropped.pdf 93
noh wilt
ten
e.(p beat leaf
15a
laa thin bamboo
I-
3b'
8/10/05 1:06:20 pm
86
Kllmmll SOllgs
Imerpretation* : Indeed I fee l my way fu mbling. The trough is good for scoopi ng up. Indeed I fee l my way fum bling. The tTough is good for turning over. Indeed I grope my way weeping. T he rice grows so high in the valley . Indeed I grope my way weeping. The rice grows so high on the ridge.
M y cruan-fruits are not wilted . Indeed it sounds like chopping hard leaves. My cruan-fruits are not wilted. Indeed it sounds like c hopping sort leaves. My bamboo clapper i s not melod ious. Indeed it sounds li ke striking bamboo leaves. My bamboo clapper is not melod ious. Indeed it sounds like hitt ing bamboo leaves.
Lundström cropped.pdf 94
8/10/05 1:06:20 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
87
5b. SONGS OF SPECIA L FEASTS: THE H ARVEST FEAST
Hual] poo pian 1] 6 rooy It is r umoured that you got a hundred bas ketfu ls of rice
5b'
P'" yo,
phaan
k:,;:,y
t ila
so -
kill
squirrel
"
dowllstream
P'" yo,
phaan
k:,;:,y
t ila
so -
kill
squirrel
"
dowllstream
hua !)
p;,
v rumour
Y""
ptan go<
rice
,S
rx>y
rice
hundred
"
hundred
hua!) v rumour
hua!) v rumour
rice
rX>y
,S
"sound -
"
"sound -
kif
truh
Iruh
1:'0 pick
t:';:'1)
1:'0 pick
?yaa
water hyacinth
tobacco
''''Y
"
hundred Ibasket ruls]
p rli!)
2b
wooden drum
prii!) 2b l
WoodCIi drum
Interpreratioll* : It is rumoured that you kille d squ irrels dow nstream
whe re water hyacinths are picked. It is rumoured that you kille d squ irre ls dow nstream
where tobacco leaves are picked. It is rumoured that you got a hundred basketfuls of rice. The drum sounds for a hundred basketful s of rice The d rum rolls for a hundred basketful s of ri ce.
Lundström cropped.pdf 95
la l
8/10/05 1:06:20 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
88
5c . SONGS OF SPEC IAL FEASTS: TH E DRUM-GIV ING FEAST
Krili k crl r tncrtr The slit drum rolls and ru mbles
tm-
pi r
I)uk
luTl lc dove
tm -
pi r
I)ak
"
lii.k
h -
lii.k
I)uk
exp -luvks nodding
1):lk
exp looks nodding
tu n ic dove
slit -drum
'" '" -
5d
crh
," -
efh
exp sOli/ill ru mble
slit drum
cri-r
," -
exp so/lIItl rumble
cdr
crl
,-
fic us
glade
crt
,-
fic lls
river-bank
,, -
1001) part centre of vi ll age
bla t)
,, -
house
centre
tam) la
1500)
t,'
to tb
to Ib'
Interpretation* : The turtl e dove nods and coos in the fig tree in the glade.
The turtle dove nods and coos in the fi g tree by the river. The sli t d ru m rolls and rumbles in the central part of the village. The sli t drum roll s and rumbles in the central house of the village.
Lundström cropped.pdf 96
8/10/05 1:06:21 pm
89
SOllgs of Fellslillg
5d. SONGS OF SPECIAL FEASTS: THE WEDDING FEAST
Chiat s;i l) kom ,"' astcning the n ower
5d l
so
saas
dog
bewitched exp crouching
k50n
pO::>
indeed
nobody
so
saas
dog
bewitched exp crouching
b:m
pO::>
indeed
nobody
s5l)
kom
fasten "ower
b:m
pO
indeed
nobody
s5l)
kom
rom -
CI) -
,om 111
m'
p6m
hm -
rom -
"'" cq -
kud:w vine
m;,
plat
rom I,
p6m
SO -
beat
dry b,lrk
I,
"
raas
150
raas
d,y
and
d,y
mo
ch'lat
SOl]
fasten
fasten nower
raas
t50
raas
fasten "ower
d,y
and
d,y
k50n
pO
mo
nobody
"
sO<)
indeed
put on
pIc
k6k
fruit
hog plum from
laa
,"
pIc
k6k
fruit
hog plum from
2,
lb
kam 2b
Ib
kom 2b'
fasten " ower
tOO1)
no;;.y
cix>
pOm
hm -
part of village
small
will
beat
kudzu vine
tOO1)
no;;.y
cix>
pOm
sn -
part of village
small
will
beat
dry bark
plat
I, 3a'
k5;;.n
kh:)oy
laa
tOO1)
s6k
c;,o
ch'mt
s5l)
child
servant
from village
part of
outside
will
fasten
fasten "ower
tOO1)
s6k
cix>
outside
will
'"
s5l)
part of village
k:);;.n
kh50y
child
servant
Lundström cropped.pdf 97
,"
from
put on
3,
kom 3b
kom
fasten "ower
8/10/05 1:06:21 pm
3b'
SOllgs
Kllmmll
90
I ~J indeed
chia
I~
pOrn
p5d
lree
indeed
beat
00<
m1al]
rnren
stirn
ptla
bird
pretty
101] tail
ch'm
" 101]
pOm
pOo
ch'ia
101]
pOm
Iree
indeed
beat
nO!
tree
indeed
naal)
mren
Stirn
p ha
"'"
(::':)1]
bird
pretty
tail
pha
pO;,
kom
prelly
lIot
put on ear indeed
dear
dear
ema tree
pOrn b,,,,
4,
5,
4a
5,'
" kom
101]
put on car indeed Ilaal] dear
rnren
khx,1)
pha
pt'iim
is
lady
pretty
already
pfJa
pOo
kom
prelly
0"'
put on c
korn t~] put on ear indeed nan!) dear
101]
mren
m'i.al]
prla
prlim
lady
prelly
already
ptm 4b
pretty
5b t ~J
prla
4b
pretty
5b'
" fnrerpreration * :
The bewi tched dog is crouching. Indeed nobody struck the wild vine. The bewi tched dog is crouchi ng.
Indeed nobody struck the dry bark. The car flower gets drier and drier. Indeed nobody fastened the flower on the ear. The ear flower gets drier and drie r. Indeed nobody placed the fl ower on the ear. The olive fro m the tiny part of the village wi ll strike the wild vine. The olive from the tiny part of the village wi ll strike the dry bark. T he servant boy from the edge of the vi llage will faste n the flower on the car. The servant boy from the edge of the village will put the fl ower on the ear. Striking or not striking a chla tree, My dear, you are indeed a bird with a pretty tail. Stri ki ng or not stri king a chla tree. My dear, you are indeed a bird with a pretty plume. Lovely with or without a flower on your car, My dear, you are indeed already a lovely lady. Lovely with or without a flower on your ear, My dear, you are indeed already a lovely woman.
Lundström cropped.pdf 98
8/10/05 1:06:21 pm
91
SOllgs of Fells/illg
C u ur t aa k aa l) Desce nd rrom Jour house
fi u n 10' comc out from
bamboo
l aa f.a n cume uut from
bamboo
fta n laa come out from fw n laa come out from
I -
I -
5d2
haa l)
haa l)
saam - pal mallress
11) -
c UI)
chamber
pak break
n a UI) dcar
"toy
p lul) \' shoot
n a al) dear
"toy
n aa l) silk
n a al) de11r
"toy
n a al) sil k
n a al) dear
"toy
I,
oh
I,'
oh oh
2H
2,'
oh
55
taa
16~
kl-
001
forget
womb
l aa
16~ forget
kl -
,,<
womb
bird
Ib'
taa
161)
nut
forgcl
n:, pI carrying ~Iing
kxm child
2b
taa
161)
nn -
001
forgel
bedding
kS;,n child
2b'
Ira Ut) hornbil1
tau from
lu ur
c uur come
loa
kaa l) house
1m carrcss
pix
tr5x pull out
from
so-
pix
Idx
SO-
pull OUI
gale's lalh
Lundström cropped.pdf 99
dog nx m
I)' tim
nau l) dcar
w ial) hornbi ll
l au from
luur I'ille
3,
naa l] dear
cu ur come
loa
kaa l) house
3b
muu l
ta,
ft il
cgold
cOk
khand-rail silver la r
Ib
slim
c.?tk khand-rai l silvcr
gate's lath
1m carress
n :,~n
,gold
from
dcar
cuur comc
l aa from
p-
kaay
fta l) pOh direction up, north
4b
4,
mi a!)
turn muul
f til
kaa t) house
n a al) dear
cu u r come
taa from
p-
kaay
I", fiU I) direction down, south
turn
kaa l) house
8/10/05 1:06:22 pm
4,
4b'
Kllmmll SOllgs
92
Interpretation* .' Appear from the broken bamboo, oh dear.
Appear from the bamboo shoots, oh dear. Appear fro m the sil ken mattress, oh dear. Appear from the silken chamber, oh dear. Don' t forget Don' t forget Don't forget Don't forget
the dog's womb. the bird 's womb. the carrying sling. the baby bedding.
Horn bill on the vine , dear, hornbill on the vine. Descend from your house, dear, descend from your house.
Caress the silvery handrail , dear, descend from your house. Pull out the gate's golden lath, and turn it upwards. Caress the silvery handrail, dear, descend from your house. Pull out the gate's golden lath, and turn it downwards.
Lundström cropped.pdf 100
8/10/05 1:06:22 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
L,};) wee
k~;),
93
hSo mhlJ
Then eome to your home, oh dear
5d3
100
sliu
kOo
h6>
see
h6>
then
smear
il
oh
sunbi rd
oh
100
kx,I)
kOo
h6>
sec
h6>
then
cook
il
oh
sunbi rd
oh
kl -
.'OC
I)AAy -
kn -
I)AAY
millipede
I""
then
.'OC return home
k""
i<
h:J:l
mother. dear
oh
P"
I):,h
h60c already
quile
sec
h6>
sunbi rd
oh
aay
kx,1) cook
sli m Welsh onion
h60c
my
"Y my
kx,1)
s-
h60c
cook
unioll
ma mother
ma
k""
ma
h:J:l
mother. dear
oh
lam
"l-
I :':X]
h60c
pol
staircase
m'
aay my
""Y my
lam
"l-
pol
staircase
m'
mother
i<
In h:Soy joking. playing
h, sing
Lundström cropped.pdf 101
already
h6>
"""
mother
ltep
already
oh
k""
then
ret urn
m\al) dear
I,' 2,
".
h60c already
h60c already
already I :,:)t]
P""
lb
2,'
nilal) dear
I,
lam tasty
),
hIm tasty
3,'
naat] dear
Ib
Irim not sleep
2b
h60c
Itcp
already
steady
3b'
I):,h
quite
tired
P""
enough
quite
naat] dear
tired
h6>
smear
100
ma
oh
sliu
mother
h6> oh
i<
I""
111
exp dislike
In h:J:lY joking. playing
then
naal) dear
4,
I):,h
4,'
8/10/05 1:08:10 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
94
100
wee
koo
h6:>
then
relurn
;,
oh
m'
mOlhcr,
h6:>
naal)
oh
dear
lb
h6:>
naal) dear
Sa
dear
Pin
pilok
SD -
shool
owl
JXjSS slowly through Cllglc
cOh
,'"
Hi!)
oh
kian
kilaT)
SD -
climb
house
pass slowly through back of house
rna
aay
yet
laa
look
ten
sS:>k
mother
my
stay
"
back
sit
Sl:ck
m'Xlk
,ay
yet
t,a
lbok
ten
k5
sister
my
slay
"
back
sit
w
look
,,'
'" 6a'
Imerpretation* .' Then smear it on, oh, sunbird, oh, dear. Then cook it, oh, sun bird, oh, dear.
The millipede is d isgusting. T hen return it, oh, mother, oh, dear.
We arc already ti red from joking.
Then smear it on, oh, sun bird, oh, dear. Mother already cooked the tasty chives. M other al ready cooked the tasty leek.
Then corne to your home, oh, lady, oh, dear. My mother has already set the staircase aslant. My mother has already sct the staircase steady. We are already tired from joking. We already had enough o f singing. Then eome to your home, oh, lady, oh, dear. When shooting an owl, an eagle will pass by. When cl imbing up, pass to the back of the house. Mother sits in the back watching. Sister sits in the back waiting.
Allernalive words: 4a, 4a l • Sa, Sal: sfJd:
Lundström cropped.pdf 102
tkrSh
=[a shotl passing qu ickly through
8/10/05 1:08:10 pm
SOllgs of Fellsfillg
95
6a. SONGS OF CHEER ING AND SINGING: STARTING
Skii m;}h mB
l~,
wan milan
Today is a good day, a nice day
s-
kli
today
'"
m' " is
mti
l~
day
good ii.~ free
w."
d,y
muan nice
,,,Jo'
)
en! an
"
os
free
"'
s-
kli
m'" is
mtt
l~
good
w."
muan
day
d,y
nice
so:)k
fial)
l~
[}al)
mua n
way
good
today
2,
,,,
)
os
~,k
way
good
s-
lUi
m' " is
m)..
10
wan
mua n
day
good
day
ni l'e
"
S6:lk
fWI)
6;,m
os
=k
way
",
!Jal) way
right
Jo'
today
"",,,
good
" 2b
" 2b'
Imcrpretation* .'
Today is a good day, a nice day. Let us seek the good tree, the right tree. Today is a good day, a nice day. Let us seek the good way, the right way. Today is a good day, a nice day. Let us seek the good way, t he best way. II! performance: :"ee DI.4
Lundström cropped.pdf 103
8/10/05 1:08:11 pm
K llmmll SOllgs
96
..,
T ;i;;!m 1 hoi lei us sing
puur
"
we
second
h;)
c·
let's
sowing
m::,;,!
,
h6
we
let's
la
burning
mOoY while
puur sc<:ond borning
mOoY
"
we
, ,
while
100m
sing
mOoY while
t6:xn sing
mOoY while
p5k
pl -
brcllk
tree
te
hi>
c·
we
let's
sowing
p, k break
pl tree
ttm
we
k" .
huu!
"
we
, , ,
we
we we
h"
let's
whistle
"e small
adults
1m·
hi>
k" .
let's
whistle
nlm
hn -
young
adults
mOo!
, we
2a
h6
t,
let' s
,,' "
h6 we
let's
lb
pak 2b
huu1
"
h6
wo
let' s
tb
pak 2b'
Imerpretation * : leI us bum, let us sow, Whi le we still break trees. Let us burn. let us sow, While we still cut trees. Let us sing, let us whistle, Whi le we still are smal l. Let us sing, let us whistle, W hile we still are young.
In performance: ~'ee D I .4
Lundström cropped.pdf 104
8/10/05 1:08:11 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
97
6b. SONGS OF C HEERI NG AND SI NGING: I NVITING A PERSON TO SING
te
Pe er aay m a o y paa r krl~h If you gh"c mc onc or two words
y'"
aay
go
m,
aay
daa indeed
I y'"
Ie
mOoY
foc
one
p a3r two
dam clear
I
,-
at
/iOIl(l
2,
mooy one
p aar two
1m neer make level
I,
c~
ria m
I,a
s-
will
eJe~r
at
m~ize
mooy one
paar 'wo
hword
'''' mam
co. will
Ie
go
"y m,
aay I
daa indced
pOe,
"'y
Ie
me
foc
aay I
daa indeed
c~
tell
6b l
fo'
1m -
neer
makc lcvcl
"
lau
h' -
will
happy
"
heart
J11 mo
hi 2a'
sut ,II
pOe,
auy
Ie
tell
me
fo,
mooy one
p a3r two
hword
''''
aay
daa indeed
cO;)
ad
t aa
h' -
fi'iam
will
happy
"
hcart
I
Ib
eta life
Ib SUI
,II
eta lifc
inrerprefation* : If you level it oul for me o ne or two sleps, I will indeed clear arou nd tile liana. If you level it oul for me one or two steps, I will indeed clear arou nd the maize. If you g ive me one or two words, I will indeed feel light at heart all my life. If you g ive me one or two words, I will indeed be happy at hea rl all my life.
Alternative words: I (I :
Lundström cropped.pdf 105
pOh
2b
= pick [fruit]
8/10/05 1:08:12 pm
2b'
Kllmmll SOllgs
98
6c. SONGS OF CHEERING AND SINGING: AGREEING TO SING
o c;}~ rap tee te
tlia kam li Uat)
6'"
I will receive and return )'our beautiful words
sa
"
cOO
,ap
lee
Ie
tila
will
receive
me
lOI
from
krial) am Java plum three
krJaI)
saum
lam eif
I-
16::>y
po -
siam
c;,
rap
lee
Ie
la,
krial]
will
n:ccivc
me
lOI
from
Java plum three
lam ' if
I-
l6::>y
""0-
sect
tec
Ie
I"
kam
'Ii
lOI
from
word
e_fp beaut iful
nlm
1]5
my
rice
hundred (basketfuls[
Java plum three
" I
kflaJ] saam Java plum three
lam df
la
2,
cultivated
banana
saam
lam ' if
I,
wild
banana
2a'
b I
c;x,
nIp
will
receive
m,
kam
Ii
Ifal)
sc-
word
exp beautiful
medicine
"
cOO
cap
lee
Ie
100
kam
'Ii
will
receive
""
lOI
from
word
exp beaul iful
kiim
Ii
fial)
p' -
oeel
~,
rx,y
word
exp beautiful
rice
hundred [basketfulsl
charm
Tl al] Ib
2b
fial) lb
2b'
Imerpretation* : I wil l receive and return your three Java plums, Your three Java plums. your planted bananas. I wil l receive and return your three Java plums, Your three Java plums, your wild bananas. I will receive and ret urn your beautiful wo rds, Your beautiful words, charms for a hundred baskets of ricc. I will receive and return your beautiful words, Your beautiful words. amulets for a hundred baskets of rice. AfU:rnalil'f! line:
Ib:
b
c:x,
rap
tec
te
taa
kam
saam
SIal)
I
will
re<:eive
me
for
from
word
three
sound
I will receive and return your words of three sounds
In performance: ~·ee D2c:4
Lundström cropped.pdf 106
8/10/05 1:08:12 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
KS:>n khS:>y taa toot) s6k
d~
99
rap aatfiaa
6<,
The lloor ch ild from the outskirts will reply yo ur song eloquently
p ic rruit
k6k taa hog plum at
nO:Jy tOOl) part small ur village
cO;)
pic rruit
k6k taa hog plum at
nO:Jy tOOl) part small ur village
cO;)
k:):Jn child
kh x.y
s6k tOOl) part outskirt ur village
cO;)
dr
will
s6k tOOl) part outskirt ur village
co,.,
k:):Jn child
,',
from
P'"'' kh x.y
P'"''
taa from
will
will
will
phaa split
exp look split open
raa -
phaa split
exp look split open
la '
receive
aa t naa eloquently
Ib
wecy ret urn
aa t naa eloquently
Ib'
raa -
hlp
lecy
flllclpreration * .' The The The The
Lundström cropped.pdf 107
111
hog plum from the poor house w ill spli t w ide open. hog plu m from the poor house w ill s pli t complete ly. poor c hild from the out skirts wilt reply you r song eloquentl y. poor c hild from the o ut ski rts will relUm yo ur song e loquentl y.
8/10/05 1:08:13 pm
100
P;i~
Kllmmll SOllgs
tSop cd tee t60p
Though I cannot, J would like to answer
pOo
kill.
co
'"
1V1lSh
would
une's face like
aay
100
I
then
kla wash
po,.,
1:)::lP
co
lIot
answer
would like
aay
1?xl
I
then
6<3
ICc mysclf
kla wash onc's face
I ry ,100
waal)
la
Ip -
mx.p 2a
drowsy (:):)p
leC myself
answer
15::>p
pry -
waal)
answer
for a long time
Ib
k'
pry embarrassed
2b
Inrerpreration * : Though I cannot, I wou ld like to wash.
I then wash while still drowsy. Though I cannot, I wou ld like to answer. I then answer while still embarrassed.
In performance: see D2c:2
Lundström cropped.pdf 108
8/10/05 1:08:13 pm
JOI
SOllgs of F ells lill g
6d. SONGS OF C HEERING AND SINGING: PRAISING ANOTHER'S VO ICE
KS;)n
ku I) ti a pk si ik
6d '
Village rs, don ' t disturb
plUI)
rxm
ooy
raal)
r~n
hOI
oh
nower
cockscomb
om
piik
laa
kn ·
ci>ory
water
muddy
not
mix in
,
co"
on
om
hCI)
kn·
will
let
water
dear
decant
kS:m
kUI)
o"y
kS:m
oh
luc~1
/I
Spro Ul
aay
villagers
kS;:m
,
aay
4,
pk·
will
,,,
family
km·
fiCI)
katn
Sial)
trOOI)
word
sou nd
throat
sn ·
on
-"sound
kS::m
koo
k5;)n
;,
indeed
,
coo will
ICC my
eft
,.
3,
tOOl)
disturb
coo
caal)
people
not
listen
aay
2,
la,
kUI)
villagers
111
slik Sa
kaal)
km ·
ficl)
li sten
3b
mian
kir
like
first thunder of the year
tdta n
waan
kS:Jn
kllal)
warn
family
IJat 7,
taboo with silence
kixl
kS:Jn
'IS
mtan
klr
;,
indeed
sound
lik e
firSlthunder of the year
,
coo
waan
kS:m
1(01)
will
warn
villagers
'cc
eft
,.
aay
my
Lundström cropped.pdf 109
6,
sn ·
traa n &,
lJal h '
taboo with sile nce
8/10/05 1:08:14 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
102
fnrerprefUtion* :
Hot bamboo sproUl, oh, cockscomb flower !
Don't let clear and muddy water mix! I wil l decant the clear water. Villagers, oh, neighbours! Vil lagers, don' , disturb! I wil l make my famil y listen, listen to the words fro m your resonant throat. Indeed it sounds like the first thunder of the year. I wif l letl
my fa m ily
to taboo it by silence. Indeed it sounds like the first thunder of the year. I wil l lell my neighbours to taboo it by silence.
In performance: ~'ee D2c:5
Lundström cropped.pdf 110
8/10/05 1:08:14 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
103
Mec si al] cuu tee dii psak Hearing my friends' voices suddeilly makes me feel good
6d2
naam mole-crickct
mCe
d>,
yo,
indeed
sn !a k foml into a cone
[a
klal melon
Ylal] black
tlul) rcmain
tuu t stcm
km -
mCe
dau indeed
rlil] chirp
p-
sak
suddenly
klal melon
ylal) black
tlal] remain
m'
km -
naum mole-cricket sn IUk fonn inlo a cone
leaf yo,
I> leaf
I>
rlil) chirp
p-
sUk
suddcnly
111
2,
I,
kr;';:ll) stl'llW
2a'
tUI) garland nower
laUI) anOlher
leaf
lady
t aUI) anOlher
mtal) city
3a
tal) garland nower
laal) anolher
k6;)1] straw
kh5;)1] dear
t aal) anOlher
mhl) city
3a l
mcr
sia l) sound
prlal] people
p' -
[uu
p' -
Sia l) sound
cuu dear
tce you r
Oii
p-
good
suddenly
slUI) sound
prlal) people
p' -
lUll
p' -
siul] sound
kh5:l1] dear
tee your
hear
mcr hear
mcr hear
mcr hear
no good
hi 4,
no use
no good
sUk 4b
hi
no use Oii
p-
good
suddenly
4,
sA,,1 4b'
flJlClpreratioll * :
Watching a mole-cric ket, it indeed c hirps sudden ly. Making a melon-leaf comer, the ste m remai ns black. Watchi ng a mole-cricket, it indeed c hirps sudden ly. Making a melon-leaf comer , the straw remains black. Another garland flower leaf; lady of another c ity. Another garland flower straw; dear of another c ity. Hearing Hearing Hearing Hearing
anybody's voice makes no difference . my friends' voices suddenly makes me feel good. anybody's voice makes no di fference. my dearests' voices at once makes me feel good.
In performance: .~ee DI.2
Lundström cropped.pdf 111
8/10/05 1:08:15 pm
104
Klll/Wl1I
Songs
6e. SONGS OF C HEERING AND SINGING: D EPRECATING O NE'S OWN VO ICE Tr6 ol) a ay ma h tr6;)1) My throat is not at a ll good
p ~a
,S
aay
rice
my
;,
"S
hOOt] In ?aa y empty bamboo mat [rice husks]
mOl>
td
rice
'd p~ 00'
,S
po,
rice
00'
,S
,ay
mOl>
,S
po,
rice
my
;,
rice
00'
hOOI] In ?aay empty bamboo mat [rice husks]
,S
po,
rice
00'
tr601) throat
aay
mOl>
my
;,
tr601) throat
0",
tr60l] throat
p~
IrS nice
ht -
10
word
tr60l] throat
,ay
mOl>
my
;,
tr60l] th roat
00'
tr601) throat
poo
IrS nice
ht -
b
word
00'
0",
po,
h60l] empty !rice husks] p~ 00'
chS wedged in
2,
h60l] empty [rice husks] p~
pat
00'
rolled up
I,
2a'
IrS nice
po, 0",
po,
I,
Ib
chaay able
2b
t rS nice
Ib
p~
les
0",
able
2b'
Inrerpreration* : My rice is no t at a ll Not e mpty: the mal M y rice is not at a ll Nol e mply: the mal
e m pty husks, is no t wedged in. e mpty husks, is nol rolled up.
My throat is no t al all good, Not good ; I can not find the wo rds. M y throat is not at all good, Not good; I' m una ble to fi nd the wo rds.
Lundström cropped.pdf 112
8/10/05 1:08:16 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
lOS
M~
mec taa kmfieq Anyone who hears, don't listen
mo anyone aay
pCD
'"
I"
not l~
I
m<> am
c3lfish
m" anyonc
,"
pet)
I', ' 0<
aay
m~
1;x,1l
I
,m
c~ tfi sh
mo anyone
mee hear
I'a
6<,
km tcc complelely om strcam
L6 Il(lme
J11
1m I'stcp
puut
P' -
llll)
cmber
2,
Ie, km completcly
om stream
L6
fie l)
'0'
km listen
Iwme
I,
1m I'step
puut
pI -
roa
2a'
fire
Ib
aay
m<>
I
,m
plo dumb
stoon half-way
mo snyonc
mee hear
taa not
km listen
fiel)
m<>
shalf-way
t ~n
'"
prlat) other people
3,
s'i ik
prlal) other people
3,'
aay I
,m
bCey stupid
p""
n~
pt) -
Ilot
know
shy
p~
n~)
""
know
pk disturb
1m talk
p~1)
kl suut lalk without pause
Ib
1m talk
p~1)
pn lia talk vcry much
fluclprerarion:
Anyone who cuts, don't cut through! I am a River L6 catfi sh, stepping on embers. Anyone who cuts, don ' t cut through! I am a Ri ver L6 catfi sh, stepping on fi re. Anyone who hears, don' t li sten ! I am half dumb, speaking ceaselessly. Anyone who hears, don ' t li sten! I am half stupid , speaking incessantly. I don't have the sense to show respect, I don ' t have the scnse not to disturb.
Lundström cropped.pdf 113
2b
8/10/05 1:08:16 pm
2b'
106
Kllmmll SOllgs
Ma m" naa ell mee tr6ol) muan
,<3
Lady, who wants to hear a nice voice
rna
mo
mee
~5
h60~
who
m'i.n ' he
eli
lady
want
hear
ricc
empty [ricc husks1
an
naal) dear
ka h
h-
p::x:.!
1"
clean
rna
mo
"'"
nan
who
'"
miX
lady
h-
p60t
an 1"
naal) dear
,he ka h
want
clean
"'"
hear
rna
mo who
m'i.a ' he
C " want
hear
an
naal) dear
ka h
cc-
lJaay
1"
clean
n cold
rn,
mo
mh
lady
who
,he
'"
an
mlal) dear
clean
ka h
kwaa y sweet
~5 rice
empty
2a
pollllO
h601) 1,
Irice husksl
lady
1"
wa n cling
la
miX
miX
want
hear
h i] cough
kS:l1
wan
Wo:>y
ding
lad lc
tr60l) throat
nice
2,'
muan
wan
Ir601)
cling
throat
Ir601) throal
!nuan
wa ll
trOot]
cling
throat
Ib
2b
1b
nice
2b'
Imerpretation* : Lady, who wants to hear the empty rice husk s,
Please, wipe away the bees that cling to the sweet potato. Lady, who wants 10 hear the e mpty rice husks, Please, wipe away the bees that cling to the ladle. Lady, who wants to hear a nice voice, Please, wipe away the cold that cl ings to my throat. Lady, who wants 10 hear a nice voice, Please, wipe away the cough Ihat cli ngs 10 my throat.
Lundström cropped.pdf 114
8/10/05 1:08:17 pm
SO/lgs of F ells li/l g
107
6f. SONGS OF C HEERI NG AND SINGING : PERSUAD ING, T EASING AND ADV ISING
Taa 1) 0, taa Pl)ka 6ft
Von ' t be afr a id, don ' t be embarrassed
laa
p;
taa
kha
""'
I:hestnu t " 01
taa
~;
laa
p~
"01
afraid
!lot
embarrassed, shy
taa
kha
taa
s-
""
chestnut
not
courtyard
taa
raam
la,
00'
ashaml:d " 01
km -
I,
rhododendron
p~
-
kil. lb
naam -
I,'
ka Ib'
elllbarmSSl:-d, shy
Il11erprerution* :
Don't be a chestnut, don ' t be a rhododendron! Don't be afraid, don't be e mbarrassed ! Don't be a chestnut, don 't have stage fright! Don't be ashamed, don't be embarrassed !
Alternative line:
la,
kha
taa
raal)
aam
chestnut
IIOt
nower
/lame
Don't be a chestnut, don't be an aam nower!
II! performance:
Lundström cropped.pdf 115
:"{!e
D2a: /, D2a:4, D2b: /, D2b:2, D2b:3, D2c:4
8/10/05 1:08:17 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
108
Ta a !hA, taa t;}l]n) Don ' l ta lk like thai
,a,
6<2
Crt
laa
101) -
fic us
00'
really thal
taa
sa.
laa
IOJ) -
lIot
speak
001
like tha(
taa
khit
laa
101) -
not
think
0 0'
really that
'aa
I;""
'aa
101) -
00'
talk
no'
'"
nah la
n', Ib
na h I,' 11']
Ib'
like thaI
Interpretation:
Really, don't be a fi g tree ! Don' t talk li ke that! Really, don' t think like that! Don' t speak like that!
Alternative word: /(1 , /(1/; (~}mjh:
lOi)I1't
= really that, like that
In performance: ~-ee D2(1;7. D2e:2, 02c:4, D2c:6, D2c:8
Lundström cropped.pdf 116
8/10/05 1:08:18 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
109
Taa kiat, taa hmeo Don't be angry, don 't be sad
6,.,
00<
kr6 bulbul
la, not
m\ al) dear
kr6 bulbul
yAA
taa
kla t angry
la,
k'tat angry
yAh by
m5h what
"d
yAh
pCI duek
tee your
laay apan
luu b& swollen p
pCI duek
tee your
laay apan
b;)l)
b&
00
cook
p
P
cuu dear
,Co
laay apan
yet stay
b&
00
your
p
p
khO;)l) dear
tee your
l;\ay apan
len
b&
00
sit
p
P
laa
00<
naaJ]
de,lr
klat angry klat angry
by
yAh by
k'mt angry
yt..A
klat angry
yAA
by by
by
00<
SI-
rumt
gnm;/rupper
J11
mJh what
SImlat grlll'shupper
hm sad
cO
yAA
mJh what
by
2,
Ib
hm -
cO
yAh
m5h what
by
2b
00
3,
p
3,' 3b 3b'
Interpretation:
Don't be a bulbul , don ' t be a grasshopper! What makes you a bul bul, makes you a grasshopper? Don't be angry, don 't be sad ! What makes you angry. makes you sad? Angry Angry Angry Angry
Lundström cropped.pdf 117
because your duck was swelled up? because your duck was boiled away? because you stay away from yo ur dear? because you sit away from your dear?
8/10/05 1:08:18 pm
110
Kllmmll SOllgs
Sma an an pian te 6<4
IJ.c bra\'c if you waut to get married
rc
naUI)
rc
make
field
dear
make
field
""
ptan
Kia]
I"
g"
melon
2,
'"
I,
rc
make
field
'" '"
make
make
,-
naat)
field
dear
make
field
I"
'"
plan go<
mhlJ
'brave -
maa n
plan go<
Ie
lla l
maan
dear
brave
,-
'"
nuian
bmve
k-
I"
t'i al
brave
k-
finl
brave
naUI)
k-
dear
brave
""
gO'
I"
ptan
III
field
yaan 2a'
bronze drum
Ib
marriage
2b
Ib' Ie marriage
2b'
ill1erprelarioll:
Make Make Make Make
a a a a
field , dear, make a field ; field if you want {Q gel melons. field, dear, make a field; field if you want to get bronze drums.
Be brave, dear, be brave; Be brave i f you want to get married.
Be bold, dear, be bold; Be bold if you want to get married.
Lundström cropped.pdf 118
8/10/05 1:08:19 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
P;i~
III
ku m6 tl]yi a n impo ;)l]
En'n if you don't wa nt to, you ean spea k a little
pOo
ko;)~
m6
cook
just
I~ hesit1Ult
yian
00<
p~
kll
m6
t~
-
Ylan
00<
like
just
hesitant
,-
kii
today S-
tumorrow S-
P'~ kli
today
,-
pal)
tomorrow
6f5
kc-
h.
shake
kc-
111
px,1) Ib
speak
naat]
l;x,
era
thn -
deaf
then
taro
exp beautiful
7wan 7wan
naat]
kO:lY
t h'i at]
thn -
dear
may
leave
exp beau tiful
mlat]
100
ten
prx.m
dear
then
s it
with
naat]
kJoy
ten
prx.m
piml)
dear
may
sit
with
O!hers
"I
taa
w,
taa
kt -
00<
' hoo
!lot
ehase aW1ly
"
III
k:x,y
tu
leave
then
leave
taa
kt -
rat
not
chase away
"
kaay
kx,y
kaay
return
then
return
2,
2a'
"
2b
me. us
2b'
3a
away
rnt
yem
come
when
taa 00<
,hoo
w,
3b 3,
away
fX,t
yem
come
when
3b'
Interpreratioll* :
Even ir it doesn't boil the Damboo tube shakes a little, Even ir you don't want to, you can speak a little. Today the taro st ill is beaut irul. Tomorrow its beauty may be gone. Today you st ill sit with us. Tomorrow you may sit with others. DOll 't shoo me away. don't chase me away! When the time comes ror leavi ng, I wi ll leave. Don't shoo me away, don't chase me away! When the time comes for goi ng, I wi ll go.
Lundström cropped.pdf 119
8/10/05 1:08:20 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
112
Laal]
c~
tl)k;);)y yet YAA C'} 6(6
My ugliness surely stays " -ith me
naal) dear
k:):m
tcn
indeed
sit
"
cc-
h6ry
aralia
cc-
hOI)
aralia
hm-
pOx
itching hairs [of planl]
p-
I)ed
~,
kh6Jr - ?yccr far away sq uat
pnl a
tAn
hOx
not yet
yO'
slice
pnla
Ifm
hITI
not yet
yet
weoo
pnla not
tan
ph6!]
yo<
whirl about
pnla no'
tan
ph6!]
yo<
whirl about
tr~ I'jllt!
t ~] kO:lY fermented indeed only
yet
YAA
nlia1)
Slay
with
fenncnled
co
101] -
ugly
indeed only
ta,
k~1l
lIot
indeed
1)0 afrai d
laal)
yin !]
t ~] -
t
black
indeed
ta, not
kS:m
ry;
indeed
afraid
tee yO"
t
Lundström cropped.pdf 120
ko:)y
la
2b'
with
tea
U\al)
far away
2b
yAA
mla t]
ea
2,'
yet
t6ry
ta, a1
2,
~l a y
Ir~ \'ine
,"bo
ea
k:,oy I~J indeed only
,"bo
t6ry
laa
yet
yt."
stay
with
3,
3a'
,,,
c.
3b
ugly
tflk
tee
dlla
laan -
you
tree
exp [? ]
kO:lY
yet
YAA
only
Slay
with
y'lal] black
15k
kc-
k'm
stick to
e.>.p Slick to
4, 3b' 4b
8/10/05 1:08:20 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
11 3
Interprefation* : My friend, indeed you sit far away, squat far away . It is not yet time to sliee the aralia. It is not yet time to weed the aralia. It is nOI yet ti me for the down to whi rl . It is not yet time for the soot to whirl. The tr~nut-tube surely stays with the I r~nul. The tea-leaf tube surely stays wi th the tea-leaf. My ugliness surely stays with me. Don't fear that it will come to the chia tree! My blackness surely stays with me. Don't fear that it will stick to you !
(In performance: see D2a:3)
Lundström cropped.pdf 121
8/10/05 1:08:21 pm
114
Kllmmll SOllgs
6g. SONGS OF CHEER ING AND SING ING: PARTING K~;)y
yet
~~m pry~O I)
Drago ns, stay well
kJ:JY careful
suu smear
kJ::lY
suu
careful
smear
"thatch-gmss . lI al] kaay return
Uay return
lecy
6g1
I.
00m oh
0
00m oh
0
I.
la
7,"
I,'
c;,
kaay
lec),
kl
Ie
return
'0
tOe
wi ll
cluster
its
p
Iraan
en -
h5
'0
pial)
Iraan
hole
exp sc r~pc
tccy
ptal)
Iraan
hole
exp scrape
'0
?Ct
k:,oy
yet
~l
P' .
careful
slay
oh
dfllgon
P' .
v plug
Iraan
C" •
h5
" plug
2,
k5:m
kuuy
child
bumbl ebee
kSol1
slim
child
bird
tb
yo,
kJoy
tC" sit
00m oh
kl .
raak
c~
kiiay
tccy
mlal)
tOe
It
will
return
'0
vi llage
its
p
Tlal) ". thatch-grass
hm·
puuy
k:):m ch ild
dog
k5:m
siaJ]
child
pig
kaay
lecy
raan
return
'0
hoi
leCY
raan
kaay return
'0
hoi
Ib'
lille
".
flaI] thatch-grass
nest
hm -
puuy
sleeping place
2b
,5
Imerpretalion* .' Brothers, smear we ll ! Friends, smear well! The thatch-grass wi ll return to its own cluster, Return to squeeze into the liule bumblebee 's hole; Return to squeeze into the liule bird 's hole. Dragons, stay well! Sirs. si t well! The crow will return to its own village. Return to the grass-hut where the puppies live; Return to the grass-hut where the piglets live.
Lundström cropped.pdf 122
3a '
y","
careful
crow
3,
8/10/05 1:08:22 pm
3b
3b'
SOllgs of F ells lill g
liS
KS~n
m;} taa paaw thSoy taa tee Don 't anyonc hurry to gh·c in
k50n Ihc onc
m.
dial) flower
!illJaIl ville
raal] flowcr
gourd
raal)
wa n
dial) flower
n:':lY gourd
kS:ln thc onc
mo
laa
paaw
who
00'
h,rry
(ii beat
raal) flower
n:,oy gourd
k' shake
M
kS:ln the one
mo
laa
paaw
tOe
00'
horry
IhS:lY give up
laa
who
P"
pm
taa
tce pro
p;')a cannot
pta n get
khSOI) de11r
kU
P"
Ih50Y givc up
taa
tCc
P"
pro
kh5.:lt) dear
nhl) sweelheart
thSoy give up k50n Ihc onc th5.:ly give up
m.
"''' h6
nx,y gourd
laa nOI
"',,'
Iii
h,rry
filal) flowcr
who
IIi
paaw
6g2
k, shake
laa
paaw
who
no t
ho rry
I" pre
ICC pro
cannot
P""
Iii
"'''
I,
yi a n 2,
";oy la 2a '
cypress ville
plan get
I'
Ib
like
2b
lb
2b'
Il11crpretatiulI* :
Don 't anyone hurry to beat gourd fl owers! He who beats gourd fl owers cannot shake a yia n-vi ne. Don 't anyone hurry to beat gourd f1 owcrs! He who beats go urd fl owers cannot shake a cypress vine. Don 't anyone Hc who gives Don't anyone He who gives
Lundström cropped.pdf 123
hurry to give in cannot get hurry to give in cannot get
in! a sweethcan. in! a dear one.
8/10/05 1:08:22 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
116
Lmp;)ol) anna 31)
n,,~fi
piS:>
na~fi
Sweet talk cannot al all persuade our friend to ha\'c fun
,, -
k::Ol)
piX.
cook
not at all =k
raa
pl:So
wash
nOI at all wash
naal)
n~
piS:>
dear
care
not at all have fun
n~
piS:>
care
nUl at all have fun
p'tii. evening S11lr 111
'"
naal) dear
,,-
'" '" '" Ie,
naal) dear
let
Ie<
mlaJ] dear
p"]ii.
even ing star PI
1m -
PXlIJ
talk
aat -
fiaa
eloquence
Ie<
6g3
k:::'O I) la
faa I,'
n:x,n Ib
nx,fi Ib'
Interpretation:
The evening star cannot at all persuade o ur friend to cook. The evening star cannot at all persuade OU f friend to wash. Sweet talk cannot at all persuade our friend to have fun. Eloquence cannot at all persuade our friend to have fu n.
Lundström cropped.pdf 124
8/10/05 1:08:23 pm
11 7
SOllgs of Fellslillg
7a. SONGS OF C HEERING AND SINGING: ABOUT LOVE AND B EAUTY
An 0 plan tee Ie cuu taan If I find me a
s\\"~ lhearl
7. 1
10 marry
crim
;"n
ooy
cri m
ital)
tree
grow
oh
tree
open
an
"
pian
lee
ruu
nllal)
no
I
go<
myself
pull
dear
field
2,
no
c;,
p;,
an
""
Jet
6:> pick
6.:11) water hyacimh
3,
I[
k-
m' an
will
I>
If
k-
ne
flit
111
pian
lee
ruu
naa!]
re
go<
myself
pull
dear
field
coo
p;')a
an
""
I"
"0 pick
?yaa
will
nim
kXln
;"y
nim
naa!]
chi ld
oh
yuung
dear
an
I>
pian
lee
Ie
cuu
laan
go<
myself
marry
de1lr
love
coo
'"
no
make
field
pc -
YXl!]
dragon
an
I>
If
p-
yaa
title
3a l
tobacco
yuung
If
2,
Ib
p;')a
an
will
""
I"
pian
tee
Ie
cuu
taan
g"
myself
marry
dear
love
c~
p;')a
an
will
"0'
I"
'"
field
make
2b 3b 2b
re
3b'
flllcipreration * .'
Grow crim-trce. oh. open crim-Iree. If I find me a field to clear, I will not let the rats pick water-hyacinths. If I fi nd me a ficl d to clear, I will not let the rats pick tobacco leaves. Young chi ld, oh, young dear. If I fi nd me a sweetheart to marry, I will not let my dcarest work in the ficld. If I find me a sweetheart to marry, I will not let my lovely work in the field .
Lundström cropped.pdf 125
8/10/05 1:08:24 pm
liS
Kllmmll SOllgs
Klat YAA cia tee waay khwliay 7, 2
I a lII sad ror my ge neration grew old 100 soo n
aay
ooy
I
oh
phaay
aay
ooy
waay
bi a
COllon
my
oh
\00 roQn
poi.oll
ktlum
16k
pm"
eli
aay
oc>y
k. -
pain
I
oh
t wist
aay
I""
kia!
yAII
I
then
oorry
by tnjan like
.m beetle
k. -
wlat
phaay
aay
bia
cotton
my
poisoll
C " pain
I
oh
twist
,ay
100
klat
yAII
I
then
OOITY
by
,ay
phaay aay
""y
Wla t
gnaw
aay
bare branch
I
""Y oh
phaay
aay
ooy
waay
conon
my
oh
100
blum
16k
yo]
gnaw
banana flower
bta
mian
nn -
cotton
my
poison
like
beetle
y -
Itep
C"" will
nS:>l]
leEP
em -
still
near
stubbl e
cllil'c
la
bi a
soon poison
211
3a'
piat] 4,
kial
aay
kla l
aay
ooy
I
oh
"d
I
oh
aay
I"" then
kla!
yAh
cia
loc
ooy
wauy
"d
by
gene-
my
oh
100 soon late
lITS
hn -
tuum
I
3. I,
"d
""y
2,
lb
khwaay 2b
r3lion
da
aay
khwaay
gene-
my
13le
tnjan like
c-
3b
v ripe
I'inc
mtion
klal
aay
kia l
aay
sad
I
oh
YOd
I
oh
,ay
100
kJaI
yAt.
eta
lee
I
then
Yad
by
gene-
""y
""y
my
lb
""Y oh
waay
kh waay
100 SIXlIl
latc
hn -
tuum
2b
r3liOll
cia
,ay
khwaay mtan
gene-
my
laIC
like
ml UI)
c~ will
1)5.:Jl]
16k
still
continue direct ion fine
kia l
k61
3b'
v ripe
melon
ration PT't world
Lundström cropped.pdf 126
flUI]
ceq, 4b
8/10/05 1:08:25 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
"'
/nterprefation* :
I have pain. oh, I am bent . oh . I am sad for my colton grew poisonous 100 soon . It is poisoned like a bare branch gnawed by rmkuum-bcetIes. I have pain, oh, I am bent, oh. I am sad for my calion grew poisonous 100 soon . It is poisoned like a banana nower gnawed by rmkllUm-beeties. Bul the sltcp-chive will slill be close to the tree-slump! 1 am sad, oh, sad. oh. I am sad for my generation grew old too soon. It is old like a ri(X:ncd clres-vine. I am sad, oh , sad. oh. I am sad for my generation grew old 100 soon. It is old like a ri(X:ned k61-melon. But the world will still continue in a good direction!
Lundström cropped.pdf 127
8/10/05 1:08:25 pm
120
Kllmmll SOllgs
Na at) meen k60n rna
ma
7,3
Which mother's child are yoo, dear
mren
naal) dear
;,
;,::m -
crOon
c.rp beautiful
mxm
ITO >'inc
mother
naul) dear
k;J::m
mtan
»n
cuu l
child
like
gmw
plmll
m'
silkworm
naa!)
mren
ITO
rna
m:xm
dear
is
vine
mother
silkworm
:un -
crxm
exp beaulirul
la
I,
naal)
k:':l:lI1
mtan
»n
yol
dear
child
like
grow
banana
nanl)
me""
kXlIl
rna
m;
dear
is
child
mother
who
naUI)
k:':l:lI1
mtan
raal]
cOo"
dear
ch ild
like
flower
coc kscomb
mo
( yUUI SI exp preuy
2a'
Ib
nanl) dear
mren
k):m
;,
m'
child
mother
sn -
(uuil
naul) dear
k)::m
mtan
raal)
rxm
child
like
flower
cockscomb
c.rp pretty
2,
2b
who
lb
raal)
rOoIl
k~o
k:):~1I1
nS;)!)
yim
yUUI
flower
cocksCQmb
"
child
still
red
dark red
raal)
cuu!
k~J
t~
ial
/lame
dear
indeed
nS;)!) sti ll
yi m
flower
red
light red
2b'
3,
3,'
Interpretution* : Which silkworm 's fruit are you, dear, Beautiful and taillike a cuut plant? Which sil kworm' s fruit are you, dear, Beautiful and tall like a banana flower? Which mother's child are you, dear, Rosy and sweet like a cockscomb flower? Which mother's child are you, dear, Rosy and fair like a cockscomb flower? The cockscomb flowe r c hi ld is sti ll dark red. The cuut flower dear is still light red.
Lundström cropped.pdf 128
8/10/05 1:08:26 pm
SOllgs of Fellsfillg
M~
121
pa:n naa!) te plla
7.,
Who galle you your beauty, my dear
m;:,
woo ka
ku up
laa
tl mOooj outskins
fish
,=,
m;:,
cma
who
free
naal) dear
saa corn
hi
taa
m;:, who
P' -
"'
fo,
te f"
wlln twine
,-
100D
"'
riller-bank
pan gille
naal) dear
te
y:x,t]
taa
R6D -
"'
nl/me
te
dmgon
m;:,
wa n twine
naal) dear
te
free
chla
woo
pan give
naat] dear
P' dragon
y:x,1)
t"
"'
free
wa n ,wine
2H
t, chla free
kiiup Ilalley
wa n ,wine
2,'
lb
pan gille
pfm beauty
2b
pfta beauty
Phaa - wti village
IIllme
chla
pfm beauty
r"
f"
t,
lb
P'" give
pfta beauty
2b
Imerpretation* " Who twined you your branch, my dear? Was it the fish roasting outside the vil lage? Who twined yo u your branc h, my dear? Was it the eorn growing by the rive rside? Who gave you your beauty, my dear? Was ilthe dragon in the Kuup-valley? Who gave you your beauty, my dear? Was it the dragon at Phaawli village?
Lundström cropped.pdf 129
8/10/05 1:08:27 pm
122
Kllmmll SOllgs
M il a a y a n aay te n waa y wee 7,5
Mot her asked me to go and to hurry home
m'
aay
mother
my
m,
aay
mother
my
rna
aay
mother
my
rna
,ay
mother
my
aay
I"" then
I
aay I
I"" then
'"
'"Y m,
tcc
phaay
I",
~JJ
cOllon
bobbin
'" '" '"
aay
tcc
phaay
Itln
~JJ
conon
=1
lcn
waay
we,
Slay
hurry
return
Ie<
Ie<
let
m,
aay
m,
aay
(Em
waay
kaay
Ie<
m,
Slay
hurry
return
pat ,m
pOx
I"
,"-
triih
)'IImll b(llll/xx)
"'
downstream
pOx
I"
sn -
"'
downstream
pal ,m
IlIJal/ b(llll/xx)
aay
I"" then
1m puh run across
kS:>n
P' -
child
dragon
aay
l;,a
p-
then
1m puh run across
kxm
I
child
litle
I
triih
y'x>q
yaa
III
I,'
Ib
Ib'
lOx
k~l)
forget
'ook
lOx
d a
forget
all
lOx
wee
forget
ret urn
lOx
k:'tay
forget
return
Imerpretation* : Mother asked me to go and sell bobbi ns.
Mother asked me to go and sell reels. Mother asked me to go and to hurry back. Mother asked me
{Q
go and to hurry home.
I cut bamboo downstream and forgot to cook it. I cu t bamboo downstream and forgot everyth ing. I met a mighty Dragon and fo rgot to go back. I met a wealthy Lord and forgot to go home.
Lundström cropped.pdf 130
8/10/05 1:08:27 pm
2,
2a'
2b 2b'
SOllgs of Fellslillg
123
Aay pip naal) dOl) oO 7,6
J met II hca utifu l s wcct hea rt
aay
plp
1
meet
mo~ moon
exp luuk large, h1mging
mOl)
saa k
I,\a
I)x,r
moon
v eclipse
"'
road (to) Il(lme salt well
sk -
yaak
B"
aay
pl p
mot]
sk -
1
meet
moon
exp look large, hangi ng
mOl)
saak
laa
m~"
v eclipse
'Oo -
plp
naat]
m~'
dear
eause
•"'
k"
kam
yaak
word
difficult [fur parting[
I~ yee!) exp luuk be;lUtiful. slim
plp
naa!)
1
meet
dear
Oo' eause
•"'
2a'
~ O, exp look we ll proportioned
begi n
aay
I,
Bti:l]
"'
1
2,
yaak
road (tu) Iwme village
aay
0"
0'"
111
ICO)
kam
yaak
put out
word
diffieult lfor paningl
Ib 2b
Ib' 2b
Interpretation: I met a large moon hanging, The moon eclipsed on the road 10 Ihe we ll Bx,. I met a large moon hanging, The moon ecl ipsed on the road to the village Btcl]. I met a beautiful sweetheart. Thi s caused us to speak sad words of parting. I met a sle nder sweetheart. Thi s caused us to say sad words of part ing.
Lundström cropped.pdf 131
8/10/05 1:08:28 pm
124
Kllmmll SOllgs
La ma li h hrn6k cdoy criB 7,7
Lucky he, who wears a golden cha in
?iii
S-
swallow
yaam "Y
no:)y small
"ok
10
mo
lucky
who
""
,, -
16k
16k
nooy
wa n
pick
~lIlall
stick
llok
IXirber
]0 lucky
]"
-
have
h' -
nok
stick
rna
,h
h, -
whu
have
h~k
mhlJ
tOOlJ
s6k
dear
part
edge
kh wan
beautiful
III
bird
cr50y
ctiil
chain
gold
2,
I,' cri:>y
laat
chain
copper
2a'
Ib
of village
], lucky
rna
In -
khwan
who
beautiful
]0 lucky
rna who
'"
h, -
have
stick
naa!] dear
tOOl]
'"
have
"ok
cri:>y
cflil
chain
gold
2,
s6k Ib
part edge of village
h, h~k
llok
cri:>y
laat
chain
copper
2a'
Interpretation: T he swallow cries like a small bird. Lucky he, who wears a golden chain. The barbel picks up small st icks. Lucky he, who wears a copper chai n. A beautiful dear at the edge of the vil lage.
Lucky he, who wears a golden chain . A beautiful dear at the edge of the village. Lucky he, who wears a copper chain.
Lundström cropped.pdf 132
8/10/05 1:08:29 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
125
Krno yem naal) wec taa muum om oh My dcar is lo\·cly returning from bathing in thc Oh-strcam h lovely
p'"
pick
h lovely
p'"
no
yem
when
nilal) dear
",to come
klaal) cruum s ?iii slone drongo swallow Ishining black stone]
Ill/me
no
yem when
naa!) dear
",to come
I.ia from
p'"
I.ian -
tak
exp
ten
no
I,a
mUllm bathe
om
v.tc come
ycm when
naal) dear
stream
'"
pd k plant poles
h lovely
no
yem when
naal) dear
mUllm bathe
om
""
play poles
Slream
IIllme
/lall/ e
pick
klaa!) cruum stone drongo [shining bl~ck stone]
/I(/me
I,
2a l
111
from
mUllm bathe
klilal] stone
cnil gold
",to come
I" from
muum bathe
ete,
klaa!) stone
cnil gold
om
~h
stream
Ill/me
lb
2b
om
~h
stream
/lllm e
lb
2b l
Interpreratioll* :
My dear is lovely returni ng from picking shining black stones, Picking shining black SlOnes graceful like a swallow. My dear is lovely returning from picking shin ing black stones. Picking shini ng black stones swaying like a swallow. My dear is lovely returning from bathing in the ::>h-stream, Bath ing in the ::>h-strcam, where golden poles and stones are placed. My dear is lovely returning from bathing in the ::>h-stream, Bathing in the ::>h-stream, where golden poles and stones are piled.
Lundström cropped.pdf 133
111
211
laan -
h lovely
klaa!) cruum slOnc drongo [shining bl~ck stone[
/I(/me
111
p'"
exp
IIllme
pick
laa from
klaa!) cruum s ?i ii slone drongo swallow Ishining black stone]
pick
7"
8/10/05 1:08:29 pm
126
Kllmmll SOllgs
Naal) cer tyet ?yet h60c lih prUI) A darlin g dear so sweet, so swcct a lready has II master
kixl ;,
mOIl ;s
fli l)
pOI'
!xjmboo
exp ~'owld full uf waler
,"boo kix! ;,
mOIl
fli l)
pOI'
;s
oomboo
exp ~'OImd full uf waler
,"boo
kix> ;,
pOr'
nan l)
mOIl ;,
del~r
kaay indeed
h60c
,h
caw
already
have
pOl'
7"
Moe
yet
s-
already
stay
elephant
Moe
yet
pI -
already
stay
dragon
cCl
7yet c).p beautiful
caa!) 1a
yx,1)
7yci
kh:X>1)
2,
owner
k~
m;h
mh lJ
kaay
cCl
;,
is
dear
indt:cd
exp beautiful
h60c
,h
pI -
til]
~lready
have
ow ner
7yet
lyet
2,'
Interpretation: A water-tube so full , so full .
already has an elephant. A water-lube so full , so full , already has a dragon. A darling dear indeed so sweet, so sweet, al ready has an owner.
A darling dear indeed so sweet, so sweet, already has a master.
Lundström cropped.pdf 134
,,'
8/10/05 1:08:30 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
Kntra m kh6;)l] t3 a
127
n~
My dear has been contracted for sinct' we were children cn -
ptan
k lam carryon one'sshouJdcr
"e
bird
"
not
go<
cn "e lree shrike
"
ptan
kO~I)
not
go<
cook
kh6~I)
taa since
ne
"
ptan gel
10
kh6~I)
taa since
ne
"
ptan gel
10
kh&JI) dear
laa
ne
since
young
ptan
Ie
go<
marriage
kn -
tr,lm
vconlmcl
kn -
dear tram
vcolllmci
caa v bargain
dear
wa.
dcar
waa caa v bargain
kn -
tram
veonlmCI
kn -
tram
vconlmCI
dear
"
dear
7alO
J11
la l
young
lb
marriage
Ib'
young
2,
2a l
marriage
Ib
Ib'
Imerpretation: I will not get the tree s hrike to carry. I will not get the tree shrike to cook. My dear is contracted since we were children , But I will not get my contracted dea r in marriage. My dcar has been bargained for since we were ch ildren, But J will not get my bargained dear in marriage. My dear has been contracted fo r since we were children, But I will not get my contracted dea r in marriage.
Lundström cropped.pdf 135
8/10/05 1:08:30 pm
128
Kllmmll SOllgs
7b. SONGS OF CHEER ING AND SING ING: ABOUT TRADING
Aay
p;i~l
ca
k~;)y
ca
I trade far, far away and slowly
kOJY
7bl
aay
pOOl
ca
I
trade
far away slowly
ca far away
(tim
he -
ya
cOo
kln
aI
kin
trust
shoulder-bag
will
full
om
full
aay
p~l
ca
k:l;)y
cii
I
tmde
far away slowly
far away
ttlm
he -
ya
cOo
tern
trust
shuulder-bag
will
filled
la
Ib
I,
"'
om
tern Ib '
filled
Interpretation: I trade far, far away and slowly, Trusting my shou lder bag will be full , but it's not. I trade far, far away and slowly, Trusting my shou lder bag will be fi lled, but it 's not.
Lundström cropped.pdf 136
8/10/05 1:08:31 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
129
Ta a ti im ka a I) , ti im r6 Don 't tr ust the fields and houses
,aa 00<
,
aay
7b2: I
pIc fruit
(lim trust
raa!] nower
m<>
he
oSooj
0,0
am
food-tray still
Itim trust
he
I :,:X
mwaterpipe
I :,:X
ron
kaa!] house
(lim trust
rc field
""0
he
n:JJt] low table still
""0
,aa
ron
river
river
00<
Itim trust
,
,m
k:J::m
oSooj
ne
child
still
small
k:)Jn child
n:JJt] still
oc
P' -
k:)Jn child
n:JJt] still
aay
m<>
small
nc small
2,
soft
mwaterpipe
n:JJt] low table still
111
om stream
om stream
L~
3,'
Ill/me
2,' IXlt] along
10,
IXlI) along
half-heanedly
3,
IIllllle
Ib'
l uh half-heanedly
P' -
Tilh
t]:'Jr pmh
3b
path
3b'
,,,,,,
flllclprerarion: Do n 't trust lhe fruilS a nd flowers ! I a m still weak like a plai ted table, Weak like a plaited table, like a water-pipe by the Tilh stream. Weak like a plaited table, like a waler-pipe by the LOO stream . OO\1 't trust the fields and houses! I am still small like a little child, Small like a little c hild, walking halfheartedly along the path, Small l ike a little c hild, sauntering hal fheartedly along Ihe path.
Lundström cropped.pdf 137
8/10/05 1:08:32 pm
13
Kllmmll SOllgs
Aay m"h k;)on n601) ne I a ln still sma ll li ke a li Ule chil d
aay
mOIl
I
.m
kco
nO:)1)
low table still
aay I
k5:m child
kre
nS.JI)
7b2:2
Oon
low table still
wh
Oon
p5h
p5h
w f.
pick
la C< -
,.
IXlY
fruit
m;h am
k~n
nS:>l)
no
child
still
small
n S;)!] st ill
ne
tn -
hS:::ly
small
playing
lb
IXl1)
I]XlT
along
path
2b
Imerpretation* .' I am stil l weak like a plaited table, Weak like a plaited table, picking crE:ny fru its. I am sti ll small like a liule child, Small 1ike a little child, playing along the path.
Lundström cropped.pdf 138
8/10/05 1:08:32 pm
131
SOllgs of Fellslillg
P;i~l
than
p;iall~a
wee
Retu rn when you ha\'c traded cl10ug h
krcc polish taa
""
hec polish
laa
'"' p~1
mule
7b3: I
than enough
krcc polish
Ii).:) then
wO;)i roll up
111
man imerest
C< -
DC
khuu l hair Ion plaml
2,
than enough
kree potish
]i).:) then
wi).:)1 roll up
I,
man interest
C<-
,C
raa t] nower
2a'
than enough
herb
herb
p~l
trade
Ii).:) then
vkc return
man interest
k-
p;,);)1 trade
than enough
p;,);)1 trade
Ii).:) then
return
taa
man imcrest
,-
maal)
Co
laa
'"'
"" laa ,0<
man interest
muul silver. muney
wealth
CO Lila. Thai ~ec
laa
pluu Oal) - t UI] betel leaf Kengtung
p luu Oal)- t UI] betel leaf Kengtung
Lundström cropped.pdf 139
2b'
3,
Mai
m&y
man interest
Ib
mecy
pic Oal) betel nut Chicng
not
2b
Lao. Thai
Oal) p ic betel nut Chieng
Mai
Ib
pIc puu betel nut empty
3b 3,'
pluu rUI] betel nut v yellow
3b'
8/10/05 1:08:33 pm
132
Kllmmll SOllgs
I nterpretatiol! >1<:
Roll up when you have poli shed enough. Don 't fancy the herb 's hair. Roll up when you have poli shed enough.
Don' t fan cy the herb 's Oower. Return when you have traded enough.
Don't fancy foreig n co ins. Return when you have traded enough.
Don' t fan cy forei gn wealth. D on 't fan cy the betel nuts of Ch icng Mai ,
the betel nuts of Ch ieng Mai are empty. Don' t fan cy the betel leaves of Kengtung, the betel leaves of Kcngtung are yellowe d.
Alternative words: ](//:
riJal]:
klaal]
= sto ne, c liff
Aay p;Sal praa tan wee I am slililradillg, it is not yet time to return
a,y
k,"c
praa
,an
1
pol ish
not yet
have lime fold lip
aay
p ~l trade
praa
tfm
not yet
have time rclUrtl
1
7b3:2
waol I,
wcr Ib
Imerpretation: I am sti ll pol ishi ng, it is not yet time to fold up. I am slilllrading. is is not yet time to return.
Lundström cropped.pdf 140
8/10/05 1:08:34 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
133
Aay la ~ pnphht te e p;S ~1 ca ,"' rui tlessly I traded alone far away
,
aay
'''
then
pa WOCII examine trap aay I
'''
then
phiat
7b4
fruitlessly
ICC myself
km flal) lay down
t S:)t flute
p" -
p" -
phlat
fruitJc~sly
ICC myself
wOClI pa eXilmine tr
km lily down
t S:)t flute
aay
flat]
WOCII ra cX1lminc Imp
2,
wOClI p" examine tmp
p~l
ea
trade
far away
then
'''
pn phiat fruitlessly
lee myself
p;')JI tradc
ca
s-
mtal) country, city
I
then
'''
fruitlcssly
p601 trade
ca
pi -
aay
m50t
p" -
phiat 7wiat
far away get tired
Ice myself
I, 2,
I
far away look at
111
p;')JI trade
Ib
2b
ca far away
tb
dal] 2b'
fcr'
IlIIcrpretatiuli :
Fruitlessly J checked the traps alone, Checked the traps and laid down my flute . Fruitlessly I checked the Imps alone, Checked the traps and laid d own my flute. Fruitlessly J traded T ravelled fa r away Fruitlessly I traded Trave lled fa r away Alternative 2b':
2b':
alone far away, and saw the whole count ry. alone far away, and got only tired feet.
lille.~ :
p601 ca pI plaal dat] trade far away hurting feet T rave lled fa r away and gal only hurting feet. p601 ca Sl);')Jy II1tal] trade far away look at cOllntry T rave lled fa r away and gal only sig ht-seeing.
Lundström cropped.pdf 141
8/10/05 1:08:34 pm
134
Kllmmll SOllgs
Aay l;}~ eew sciaw eli kntiit] lwaal) I visit II girl far away in th e courtyards of hCII\'CIl
,
lOCI
p'
wOol
then
examine
[fliP
,-
I :)::m
pluu
r'Joy
aay
hindered
betel leaf hundred
,
I"" then
examine Im p
,-
1:'>:'111
pJuu
aay
hindered
po
wOol
my
7b5
taa
k-
"
pl1lin
,,,
"'
belel leaf hundred
reI] elf]'!)
k-
Uial)
plain
PUu -
lOot
t!llme
saaw
cO
visi t
gi rl
far away cOllnyard
s-
I :'>:m
ce,
my
IUU
wall
hundred
gale
100
ITW
saaw
ca
thcn
visit
girl
far away end of
I:)::m
ce,
rx,y
lUU
wall
hundred
gale
kn -
(I i l)
I-
Waa l) heaven
'b 2b
Im -
pOot
I-
waal)
Ib'
heaven
2b
Interpretation: I search my traps at the wide PUu Llll) plain , Hindered by a hundred bctcl leaves. I search my traps al the wide PUu llx:Il plain, Hindered by a hundred belcl leaves. I visit a girl far away in the courtyards of heaven, Hindered by a wall with a hundred gates. I visit a g irl far away at the far side of heaven, Hindered by a wall with a hundred gates .
Lundström cropped.pdf 142
,,' 2,
ITW
hindered
III
2,
then
"Y , ,-
rill)
reI)
I""
hindered
I'll, name
elf]?)
,
aay
laal)
8/10/05 1:08:35 pm
135
SO/lgs of Fellsli/lg
Aay t6kseet mial] Lampaal) J get lonesome in La mpa ng lown
aay
w. -
wOOl
cn -
7b6
Ital)
skewer
1
examine trap
aay
po::>l
ca
1
trade
far away and
aay
l~
16k -
1
then
regret
aay
I""
t6k -
1
then
lonely
aay
,,,,,
t6k -
1
then
regret
aay
,,,,,
t6k -
1
then
lonely
kJoy
ldn sect lun sect
ka fish
111
ca far away
Ib
mla!)
Ku!) -
city
IIlIme Bangkok
Ihecp
mta!)
Lam -
city
/lome Lampang
2,
paa!)
mta!)
Ku!) -
city
Iwme Bangkok
mta!)
Sop -
city
Iwme Sobtui
2a'
thecp 2,
tuuy 2,'
Interpretation: I search traps and fi sh on skewers. I trade far and far away. I then feel regret in Bangkok town. I gel lo nesome in Lampang lawn. I then fee l regret in Bangkok town. I get lonesome in Sobtui town. II! performance: :"ee DI.2
Lundström cropped.pdf 143
8/10/05 1:08:36 pm
136
Kllmmll SOllgs
Kuufi mok I;} n:} 1) kaay To sct' the mountains makes mc wa llt to return
kumi
kwaay
=
sweet potato
I.
nOl]
klok
good
only
SlaT1 to dig
1Son
pl~
hm -
rallan
bend down
c~
klok
s-
will
dig
hindered
kuun
kwaay swcct
[:,
nOl]
khial)
good
only
dig up
Shindered
to::m
=
''''' will
7b7
la
tuue 2a
I,'
pola10
khf31) dig up
lilUe
plaa!]
hm -
silvcr-
bend down
2,'
grass
I.
kuun =
mok
nOl]
kaay
mountain good
only
return
'''''
kaay
s-
tXln
will
ret urn
hindered
kuun
mok
=
mountain good
n~J only
co.
kaay
s-
Lbn
will
return
hindered
I.
TUlle
lb
om
landslide river
Kr:):)l)
26
tl(lme Mekong
kaay Ib
retuTll
php
om
Kr50l)
sleep
river
/Ill/lie
lb'
Mekon g
bank
Interpretation: To see the sweet (Xllatocs makes me wanlto d ig. I di g, soon hindered by bent down rattan. To sec the sweet potalQcs makes me want to d ig. I di g, soon hindered by bent down silvergrass. To see the mountains makes me wanllo return. I retu rn, soon hindered by a landslide at the Mekong. To see my country makes me want to return. I retu rn , soon hindered by the steep banks of the Mekong.
AfU:rnalil'f! words:
2a : 2a l :
hmtuuc: piip:
Lundström cropped.pdf 144
=bend down = steep
8/10/05 1:08:36 pm
137
SOllgs of Fellslillg
7c. SONGS OF CH EER ING AND SINGING: ABOUT D EPARTURE
K:hy yet, k60y d60m kif!) Take good carc, look after the \'illage well
'
eet
b ;)y
ph)!)
k&>y
d60m
careful
sprout
careful
look aft er sour
b oy
plu!)
k);)y
d60m
careful
sprout
carefu l
look after 0
en
h )y
yet
k&>y
d60m
carefu l
stay
carefu l
look afler village
t,'
kUI) tb
k,oy
tcn
k&>y
dS:Jin
careful
sit
careful
look after huuse
ta, " t
on
kIO
0
(c -
let
wild sugareane
'"'
gmw till tops cmss
kiw !) to'
Ina!)
n~J
ccrp
0
(c -
only
elephan t grass [?I
0",
gmw till tops cmss
on to<
kaa tJ
0
{c -
not
housc. kin
'"'
gmwapan
;n to<
n~J
kaa tJ
0
(c -
only
housc. kin
'"'
gmw together
ku!)
te-
d
te -
kha n
village
distant
on to< ta,
kaa!)
te -
house
distant
Lundström cropped.pdf 145
separate
d
te separate
khan
2,
Ina!) 2b
d 2,'
tITp 2b'
yt."
klaal)
by
cliff
yAA
100!)
by
common house
3, 3b
8/10/05 1:08:37 pm
138
Kllmmll SOllgs
Interpretation: Sprout with care, look afler the bitterness well , Sprout with care, look afler the happiness well . T ake good care, look after the vi llage well, T ake good care, look after the houses well. Don ', let O li T sugarcane grow till its tops cross; Only let o ur elephant grass grow ti ll its lOpS cross. Don' , Jet O UT kin grow apart; Only let o ur kin grow closer. Distant villages separated by a cli ff. Distant houses separated by a common-house.
Aflernaliw lines:
la :
',a "m
,,,""
klfi
h-
wild sugarcane
fall
Don ', let o ur cogon grass grow till its tops fall .
2a' :
'aa "0'
2b ..
,,,'"
kUI]
,
Ir -
village
0",
growapa n
","
kUaJ]
only
house. kin our
"
grow together
,,,'"
Ir -
di
leep
Don 't let o ur village grow apart; Only let o ur village grow closer. 20 /:
"a
,,,""
,,,'"
nOq only
"0'
2b ..
ca
0"'
"
mfal)
,
growapan
country
0"'
grow together
mta!) country
Ir -
Ir -
lecp
Don' t let o ur country grow apart; Only let our country grow closer.
In performance: see DI.2, D2a:2, D2a:5
Lundström cropped.pdf 146
8/10/05 1:08:37 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
139
Slp pH taa paaw raa t Tcn years may llass, J wo n't forgcl thai soon
ycl-
ycl
dClIdll
sm -
kaa t
roughen
yel-
yel
cicada
sm -
kaa t
roughen
yaam "Y
lake leave of
raat
dlat
Imango
yaam "Y
take leave of
Ja
I-
leaf
ironweed
111
I)'Ii
la leaf
raat
7"
2,
nlat I,
70, 2a'
sip
mOl)
lri,
paaw
nlat
""
month
"0'
""'"
forget
S+p
pii
lria
paaw
raat
""
year
"0'
""'"
forgel
2b
2b'
Interpretation *: The c icada cries: •Alone, alone', Crumpling mango leaves. The c icada cries: •Alone, alone', Crumpl ing ironweed leaves. Ten months may pass, I won't forget so soon ! Ten years may pass, I won' t forget so soon!
Lundström cropped.pdf 147
8/10/05 1:08:38 pm
140
Kllmmll SOllgs
7d. SONGS OF CH EERING AND SINGING: ABOUT LONGING
MOl]
k~an
looe, kfan looe
The moon it grows and
Wil lies,
grows li nd wa nes
,6oc
klan
~"ulil
go up and down
Ilim
cO::>
kCcl)
wish
will
p/(l1II
,6oc
kia n
l o~
)"Iwil
go up and down
Ilim
cc -
wish
~ralia
mOl]
kia n
mooo
WIIX
tlim
c~ will
161]
,,-
wish
forgel
long
mOl)
klan
160c
mooo
wax and fin ish
wax and finish
Citm
c:x,
lOx
,,-
wish
wi ll
forget
lon g
lo~
kian
7d J
l o~
la
go up and down
ccPI aralia
hOI)
kian
101]
h6~
160c
ami fin ish
"'
om
keel)
2,
plmu [?]
I,
go up and down
cOo
hOx
will
cumplete om
kian
160c
"'
hOx 2a'
cumplete
wax and fi nish
kian
7eel]
Ib
ii i 001
16~ forget
2b
160c ?Cel)
lb
"'
om
lOx 2b'
forget
I nterpretatiol! *:
The snail s climb up and down, up and down. I wish the aralia was planted, but it isn't. The snail s climb up and down, up and down.
I wish the aralia was ripe. but it isn't. T he moon it grows and wanes. grows and wanes.
T wish I could forget 10 yearn , but I can't. The moon it grows and wanes, grows and wanes. I wish I could fai l to yearn. but I can 't.
Lundström cropped.pdf 148
8/10/05 1:08:38 pm
SOllgs of F ells lill g
141
PcI;)oc tee YAA prlal] 7.2
J tried to comfort myself with other peo l)J e
pq-
fia!)
blacken
pq-
fia!)
blacken
ICC myself
yAA
p:,x
il l
y'm!)
with
smllll bamboo
"01
black
ICC myself
yAA
16q
il l
y'm!)
with
b1lmboo
"01
black
J11
la l
shoot
pe-
I:xx;
comfort
pq-
16q
make forget
I:xx;
ICC myself
yAA
prm!)
with
people
""01
comfort
tce
yAA
prlu!)
al
l6!)
my self
with
people
not
forget
Ib
Ib'
Interpreration: I tried I tried I tried I tried
Lundström cropped.pdf 149
to blacken myself with young bamboo, but couldn ' t. 10 blacken myself with bamboo shoots, but cou ldn't. to comfort myself with other (X:oplc, but cou ldn ' t. to fo rget with other (X:ople, but cou ldn 't.
8/10/05 1:08:39 pm
142
Trk~t
Kllmmll SOllgs
r;)ol k;)oy r;)ot 7.3
The t houghts keel) on co ming
kS;)t lCmonitor li;wrd lC-
k&>1
thought
lC-
kx,t
monitor lizard
lC-
k~1
kot -
kam
ruu
word
pull
kot 0)up sO/III(1 cackle
kam word
thought
0)-
kot
exp sOl/nd cackle
bOI] cook
la (lin steamcooker
2,
k:,1 I,
Tlin 2,'
~leam-
cooker
I, thou ght
k:,1
lC-
kot
thi nk
lC-
kO!
thought
lC-
kOI
thi nk
,'x>t
ko:)y
,'x>t
come
and
co me
kam
tiin
ellU
word
tell
dear
,'x>t
kO:lY
,'x>t
come
and
come
kam
Ilin
kh:X>1)
word
lell
dear
Ib
2b
Ib
2b '
Interpretation: The lizard goes: 'Cackle, cackle', Thinking of what my steam-pot used to boil.
The lizard goes: 'Cackle, cac kle', Thinking of what my steam-pot used to cook. The thoughts keep on coming,
Thinking of what my dear one used to say.
The thoughts keep on coming, Thinking of what my loved one used to say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 150
8/10/05 1:08:40 pm
143
SOllgs of Fellslillg
oc:}a t;iam py;i J will send my song
I>
7'4
cOo
l&m
pyo
will
sing
send
yhA with
""',
h6p
cuu
visi t
dcar
h-
"",
an
kOo
I"
I,
come
,
e""
t5dtn
py6
yAA
,, -
sing
send
with
bee
'0
k""
I>
I"
h-
will
"
"-
Ib
haay la'
ki'iay
h6p
cuu
"
visit
dear
piJt
puur
'a,
,",
prlal]
praam
say
pt."Ople
speak ill of
yaam cry
"Y my
come
,Oh
pim!)
praam
say
people
speak ill of
yaam
kho;)!)
r?xlt
eel'
dear
come
buzz m~
h' -
I,
word
haay
pu ur
b"
"01
];
,a,
buzz
"" b
k~
m~
h' -
I,
I,
wo",
h-
piJl
pu ur
em -
buzz
late evening
p6
b"
2b
2,' 2b'
3,
aay
dre
come
me
oh
hm-
make
dear
dream
,, -
haay
puur
em -
buzz
laic evening
naal)
hm -
p6
dear
dream
Lundström cropped.pdf 151
2,
Cl"
,,,,,
naa!)
b"
Ib'
k6
an
'0 make
J11
come
bee
k""
p""
3b
k6
,,,,,
come
3,'
khiJl)
dre
"'"
oh
3b'
8/10/05 1:08:40 pm
144
Kllmmll SOllgs
Interpretation: I will send my song with a bee And make it visit you, dear. I wil l send my song with a wasp And make it visit you, dear. If a bee buzzes, it 's nOI that someone spoke il l of you. It is my cryi ng words that come. If a wasp buzzes, it 's not that someone sIX'kc il l of you. It is my cryi ng words that come. The bee that buzzes late i n the eveni ng. M akes you dream about me, dear, oh.
The wasp that buzzes latc in the evening, Makes you dream about me, dear, oh.
In performance: ~'ee DI.6
Lundström cropped.pdf 152
8/10/05 1:08:41 pm
145
SOllgs of F ells lill g
An
aay
rn~h sf irn enl urn 7.5
If I were II d rongo- bird
an
aay
m'"
Sl im
cruum
;(
I
were
bird
grell1er meket titil ed drongo
aay
cOo
muum
om
kr -
I
will
bathe
water
rain- wll1er pool
an
aay
mcrt
S'lim
c ru um
;f
I
were
bird
greater racket tailed drongo
aay
cOo
muum
om
km-
I
will
bathe
water
flood
an
"Y I
m'"
r60y
l&>k
;(
were
spirit
ghost
aay
cOo
lx,k
Uta
rm-
I
will
frighten
an
"
bed
'ay
m'"
rooy
l5.:lk
;f
I
were
spirit
g host
aay
cOo
Ix,k
taa
rm -
I
will
fr ighten
"
bcd-room
J11
lx,k 211
I,
laal) 2a'
Ib
I)lim 2b
Ib
laal) 2b'
flllc lprerarion:
If I wcre a drongo-bird, I wo uld bathe in rain water. If I were a drongo-bird , I would bathe in ri ver water. If [ were a ghost, I would haunt your bedside. If I were a ghost, I wo uld haunt your bedroom.
Lundström cropped.pdf 153
8/10/05 1:08:41 pm
146
Kllmmll SOllgs
Yem 0 tat P;)O dt e, sr?eel) P;)O When I t hink of you, oh, long for you
yem when
" ycm
"
kIte!)
100
d:):xn
then
~,
p"
7d6
db:
hi -
oh
fling
nOl]
co -
trlam
only
wooden needle
tCll shade yO" tree
p"
db:
hi -
oh
fling away
trlam
"
"
100
d5:xn
nOl]
co -
then
~,
only
wooden needle
yem
"
1, 1
I
fl.'d
"
1;,a then
ycm
"
1'1
1?x1
dOom
then
~,
when
when
" I
la
I.
hand
-, 2a
0"'
(for binding nCls]
krtCI) tea sh~lde YO"
when
ta l UWllY
lal III
tree
(fur binding nels]
db:
,,-
you
oh
long
dSJln
n~]
mat
prJ
~,
only
'""
p"
db:
,,-
oh
long
nOl]
mii.t
moq
only
moon
lrel
p"
yO"
16q
'"'" ?Ccl)
-, 0"'
211
p"
2a'
Y'" rlam
-,
common
'"'
?b:q
p"
2b
2,'
y'"
d am
"
oom rnOIl
'"'
2b'
I nterpretatiol! *:
When ,'m n ung away. oh, tea shade tree, I only see the wooden needle we have in common. W hen I 'm n ung away, oh, lca shade tree,
I only see the water lube we have in com mon. When J think of you, oh, long for you, I only see the sun we have in common.
When J think of you, oh, lo ng for you, I only see the moon we have in common.
In performance: see D 1.6
Lundström cropped.pdf 154
8/10/05 1:08:42 pm
147
SOllgs of F ells lill g
PeS naal] kuufi rl)k6ol) aa y yoh J wish yo u eould see the mountain ridge w here I wa lk
pOh
pr5
nita!)
kuuii.
tm -
wish
dear
~,
bamboo trough
pr5
nita!)
kuuii.
tm -
wish
dear
~,
bamboo trough
pOh
pc6
mlalJ
kuuii.
nJ -
wish
dear
see
mountain rid ge
kXlI)
k"""
p6
naa!]
kuuii.
nJ -
wish
dear
~,
mountain ridge
nita!]
c;x,
kraas
b&o
00
dear
will
laugh
I'
p
cOo
mi>l]
b&o
00
will
~d
P
P
7.7
itay t
~k
kO;)l]
itay t
0
111
on
Oay
yOh
t
go
,ay
to"
I
sit
t,' tb Ib'
2,
Interpretation: I wish you could I wish you could I wi sh you could I wish you could
see the see the see the see the
ba mboo bowl where I cook. bamboo bow l where I stay. mountain ridge where I walk. mountain ridge whe re I sit.
W ill my dear laugh, Or will she weep?
Alternative line: p6
nita!]
kuuii.
tm -
wish
dear
~
bamboo trough
p:)h
,ay
phaa
t
split
Wish you cou ld see the bamboo bowl I split.
Lundström cropped.pdf 155
8/10/05 1:08:42 pm
148
Kllmmll SOllgs
Pr6 mlal] kuufi ;)ntek I only wish YO Il could
set'
pro
fillal)
stk
kt -
wish
dear
cut off
edible/em
pro
naal) dear
kuun
::n-
~,
a lillie
wish
7d.
tne a litt le
sliu n
'ok
om
rilk
oh
dear
rak
taan
dear
dear
la
tb
I nterpretatiol! *:
I only wish you could cui me some fern. my dear. I only wish you could sec me a lillie, my love.
Alternative words:
Ib,
Lundström cropped.pdf 156
= me a little
8/10/05 1:08:43 pm
149
SOllgs of Fellslillg
PeS 0 wee mok Rmeual Wi sh J could come to the village or Rm cual
pr5
I>
tal
wish
light ye llow
00 oh
ml>k
kaa m
pim !)
tcc
hq -
~Il
chaff 00 oh
mok
po
"
tal
r
light ye ll ow
mo k
prla !)
toe
s-
~Il
giant bamboo
mou ntain people
pr5 wish
"
mo k
prla !)
mou ntain people
p6
kn -
ml>k
Rm -
yiiam "Y
tee
wee
self
come
00 oh
mok
Rm -
mountain
millIe
wee
prlal)
p6
mou ntain people
long
tee retf
tr6k
" 2a'
00 oh
come
111
mountain smack [to call spirits1
come
I>
wish
mo k
wee
tee
2H
wish
p6
km -
mountain pe1lceful
mountain people
ml>k
7d'
ella I
mountain /lame vill1lge
tb
2b
clial village
tb
wee 2b'
come
flllc lpreration*: Wish I could see the quiet yellowish mountains, The mountains where people sell rice chaff. Wish I could see the blessed ye llowish mountai ns, The mountains where people sell giant bamboo. Wish I could come to the village of Rmcua], The vi ll age that people weep to go to. Wish I could come to the village of RmeuaI, The vi ll age that people wish to go to.
Alternative word:
2a:
sp6:
Lundström cropped.pdf 157
sn l:,
= dried ba rk
8/10/05 1:08:44 pm
150
Kllmmll SOllgs
Kho:>1] siiwli aay khiat mla!)
n ~hk
My round·faced dear has left for II foreign land
khlal) egret
W"'
wli rOllnd and beautiful catch
Sii -
klaal)
I:):)k -
egret
J1(lme
I:):)k
..vii
7dl0
b::x:.k spring-lrap
wat
wa n
catch
resin
aay
I,'
khSJI]
Sii -
dear
mUlul-faccd
my
1:l n tntal) run away land
,
S:x>k
!fal)
kn -
ilL
~,k
direction behind
kh5:)[]
Sii -
Wli
dear
beautiful
,
s5:)k
nal)
~,k
direction behind
nay
aay
nay my
ko -
snk ~,k
klnat mia!) rlln aWllY land
0'
la
n~k
Ib
foreign
yilam "Y
"
Ilxk
lb'
foreign
s5:)k
yaam
~,k
"y
"
Imerpretation*: The round-faced egret was caught in the spring- trap. The l&>k-t5::lk-egret was caught in the resin. My ro und- faced dea r has left for a foreig n land. I search beh ind me, search and cry.
My beautiful dear has ran away to a foreign land, I search behind me, search and cry.
Alternative line:
khS:Jl)
In -
dear
well-buill
khwan aay my
klaat mtal] run away land
R",k Ill/me
IKammu areal
My well-bu ilt dear has ran away 10 the Ro"k country.
Lundström cropped.pdf 158
8/10/05 1:08:44 pm
SOllgs of Fellslillg
IS'
K:hy yet k6 n;)1) aay Take good ca re and wail only for me
7dll
b;)y
tecn
nO!)
klaaT)
sm -
careful
step
only
stone
moisten
b oy
h:!cn
nO!)
klaaT)
sm -
careful
step
only
stone
roughen
plaaT)
heck
?yS:>
c"'
,,'
khS:> -
~i l ver-
grass
oneself
1m -
seek
grass
don t
k6
kllat
nO!)
klaaT)
only
stone
nO!)
kl:laT)
only
stone
111
I,' 2,
cry out loud
heck
k:,:>y
khS:> -
c"'
only
cry out loud
I"
km -
fiaT)
tum face up
?yS:> 2b
oneself
plaalJ
heck
~ilver-
c"'
grass
oneself
Im-
seek
gmss
don t
2a'
heck
k:,:>y
km -
c"'
only
turn face up
Oay
ri aT) 2b'
oneself
k:,;)y
yel
k6
nO!]
careful
stay
wait
only
on,
pitaT)
ISO
taa
h~
k",k
anyone
tease
don t
feel affection
-
h~
-
IS:>
k:ny
h~ -
I
tease
only
feel affection
k:,:>y
yel
k5
n:"]
aay
h' -
careful
stay
wait
only
me
long for
pitaT)
flal)
tao
h~
keck
anyone
dress up don t
k:,;)y
aay
flal)
I
dress up only
Lundström cropped.pdf 159
nO!] only
aay
m,
keck 4b
wee",
nO!] only
aay
m,
feel affection h~
-
3,
4,
aay
-
kcck
long for
3b
4a'
k<ek
feel affection
4b'
8/10/05 1:08:45 pm
152
Kllmmll SOllgs
I nterpretatiol! >1<:
Step with care only on the stone, moi sten only the stone. Step w ith care only on the SlOne, roughen on ly the slone. I f you cut yourself on sil vcrgrass, don ' t cry out loud, Only cry out loud when you cut yourself on pampas grass. If you cut yourself on silvergrass don ' t fall on your back.
Only fa ll on your back when you cut yourself on pampas grass. Take good care and wail only for me, long only for me. If somebody else teases you, don't fee l affection ,
Only feel affection when I tease you. Take good care and wait only for me, yearn only for me. If somebody else dresses up, don 't fee l affect ion,
Only feel affection when I dress up.
Lundström cropped.pdf 160
8/10/05 1:08:45 pm
"3
SO/lgs of F ells li/l g
Taa pie mok om Kh t) Don ' t abandon the Kl al)-stream area
7dl2
taa don I
fal) PIC abandon garland flower
kn tr6 k smack 1for calling rice-soul]
t a l) garland flower
kn tr6k smack Ifor calling rice-soul)
k.,.asp
PIC
kn t r6k smack Ifor calling rice-soul]
taa don I
lUI)
abandon gartand flower
t al) garland flower
kn tr6k smack Ifor calling rice-soul)
taa don t
pic mok om abandon mountain riller
mo k om mou ntain river
taa don I
k.,.asp
Kta l)
p-
/lame
soil
mok om PIC abandon mountain river
om mountain river
mok
?aa n
?aan
111
yt
re field
211
t,
yt a l) fool of
rec~ fallow
2a'
Kia!) tb
Iwme
te
luan tm plaited (rich with clay]
2b
K ta!) tb
IIl1me
nl m
Kia!)
p-
/lall/e
termite hill
tm laan plaited [rich willi clay]
2b'
Interpreration*: Do n ' t aban don the blessed ga rland flower, The blessed caper bush and the wasps at the foot of the fi eld. Do n 't aban don t he blessed garland flowe r, The blessed caper bush a nd the was ps at the foot of the fa llow. Do n 't aban don t he Kia!)--s trcam a rea, The Ki a l)-stream area and the so il of pla ited cl ay. Do n ' t aba ndon t he Kta1)-stream area, The Kia1)-stream area and the termi te hill s of plaited clay.
Alternative word: I (I :
i ill) :
Lundström cropped.pdf 161
ntm
= year
8/10/05 1:08:46 pm
154
Kllmmll SOl/gs
M" yoh Ilia Smpiar 7dJ3
You who ha\'c hct-n 10 the Smp{ ar Ri\'Cr
mo
yOh
who
go
po,
pI p
khx,I)
Oil
Y'"
meet
dear
persotl(/llI(lme
yOh
10.
om
Cruul
naa!]
'0
h""
river
name
oh
dear
Aay
mo who
,0
tila
'0
Smpi aT /lame river
Tho,
h""
oh
naa!) dear
aay
hoo
oh
oh
po,
pip
khn1)
Keel]
yoo
meel
dear
perso/la/nll/lle
pl:'x::l
co
""
like
,0
oh
1m mi ss
,Oh -
,ch
yAt. dear
piX.
co
yOh
Sm -
like
go
""
taa
"01
oh
10
/lame
1m -
r::tJ -
,th
jAil dear
kh:X>l)
Keel)
friend
pen'(Jlw/llome
miss
yOh
""
aay
hXl
oh
oh
om
Cruu]
river
lIallle
khS:>l)
Uli
Tho,
friend
perm/wll/ome
10.
'0
la
2,
I,' 2a'
3,
4,
piar 3,'
ri ver
Auy 4,'
I nterpretatiol! *:
You who have been to the Srnpiar Ri ver, oh dear, Did you see my friend Dii Teen, oh? You who have been to the Crliul-stream, oh dear, Did you see my friend Keel) Aay. oh? I will not go 10 the Smpiar River, oh . I would miss my frie nd lJii Teen.
Twil l not go to the Cruul-stream, oh. I would miss my fri end Keel) Aay.
Lundström cropped.pdf 162
8/10/05 1:08:46 pm
"5
SOllgs of F ells lill g
o kS;)n t6k see t c31]·knc31]
J alii indeed nun g away, feeling forlorn
ko;)n
kl -
indeed
ning away
I>
kxlO
16k -
t
indeed
lonesome
t6k -
sect
I>
lonesome
t6k -
sect
lonesome
7dl4
rect reet C~ e.>:p feel sad. the sound of insec ts
p'~
sect
cal) -
kn -
111
cal)
exp fccl sad, the sound of insec ts
m)aI]
Ph, -
eountry
IIl1/lIe \Ve~tcm
mial]
N'li ·
country
Illlllle
tb
la l) 2,
pu n 2a'
J'lpan
fll 1clprerarioll:
I am I am I am I am
indeed t1ung away, feel ing helpless. indeed t1ung away, fee li ng forlorn . lo nesome in the lands of the West. lonesome in the land of Japan .
Aay l~
aay t
.ay t
III)'
7d lS
home yard
pic
pilil]
pk
,-
then
leave
drum
leave
large gong
pic
kaal)
plC
kn -
then
leave
house
leave
yard
"" ""
paal] t, (til)
tb
Imcrprerarioll:
I thc n left my drum and left my gong. I the n left my house and left my home yard.
Lundström cropped.pdf 163
8/10/05 1:08:47 pm
156
p~o
Kllmmll SOllgs
yet kif!) ten kaat)
You who stay ill t he village, silti ng in the ho use
pO:>
plu!)
eel
thaal)
cO
Y'"
sprout
wo<
clear
0
k5
dJ:)ITl pcrm take care small
please
oosket
c,
p60k
r"
squirrel
pO:>
pili!)
cCl
thaal)
cO
Y'"
sprout
wo<
clear
0
k5
d:'lJTn
pcrm
please
take care small basket
r"
kUI) vilhlge
leO
kaaT)
sit
house
rna
,, -
OC£m
pO:>
yel
Y'"
Slay
k5
dJ:)Ill take care mother
please
c,
ka fish
III
"
my
pO:>
yel
kU1)
ten
blaT)
Y'"
stay
village
sit
house
k5
d5.Jm
mo:>k
,,-
llCcm
please
take care sisler
dre 2,
oh
I,
"
my
dre 2,'
oh
lb
"
my
pitiful
pitiful
7dl6
dre 26
oh
Ib
"
my
dre 26'
oh
I nterpretariofl '*.' You who sprout together bitlcrl y and happily,
Please take care of my small sq ui rre l basket, oh. You who sproUl together bitterly and happily, Please take care o f my small fi sh basket, oh. You who stay in the village, sitting in the house, Please take care of my pitiful mother, oh . You who Slay in the vi llage, sitting in the house, Please lake care of my piliful siSler, oh.
In performance: ~'ee D2c:7
Lundström cropped.pdf 164
8/10/05 1:08:48 pm
B. Songs of Various Situations
Lundström cropped.pdf 165
8/10/05 1:08:48 pm
Lundström cropped.pdf 166
8/10/05 1:08:49 pm
159
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
8a. SONGS OFTHE FOREST: THE MOUNTAIN P ATHS
Tnkian prlal] chI mah, chI om On the ascending path proilic hring food and water
'ascending 0 - \Gan path
pr'lal) people
klilh
Sa 1:1
khaal kom khaal bamboo carry bamboo strip behind earstrip
,",
"
'ascending 0 - kian path
pr'lal) people
dial bring
,
';X
daa
OP'" a leaf
indeed
p" "0'
rian put high up
,
kian doa climb up indeed
p" "0'
kw~
k""
1"" then
m;;m is
'ascending 0 - \Gan path
prlat] people
pm
,"-
smoke
small gourd
k""
1"" then
m;;m
'ascending 0 - ktan path
prlat] people
pm
kh -
smoke
pineapple
kikl
likl then
;<
'0ascending - kian path
prlat] people
'ooy thirst
om milk
pu
;,
k""
1" then
mOh is
'0ascending - kian p;lth
prlat] people
",
om milk
pu
aay
aay
;,
;,
;,
;<
mOlt
mah
caal bring
food
om water
lb
2,
p;lSS over
2b
lack
100y
dat 3,'
3b
3b'
Inte rpreration*:
On the ascendi ng path people cut bamboo strips to carry behi nd their eaTS. On the ascending path people bring food and water. I open the leaf, but indeed do not put it up high. I climb the slope, but indeed do not pass over it. It is on It is on It is on It is on
Lundström cropped.pdf 167
the the the the
ascendi ng ascendi ng ascendi ng ascending
path path path path
that that that that
3,
people smoke snlOoy-gourd. people smoke pineapple. people thirst for milk. people lack milk.
8/10/05 1:08:49 pm
160
Kllmmll SOllgs
Tnkian prlal] kian kw;S<)c, kian kw:hc On the ascend ing path peo ple climb up and pas." o\'c r
10 l6an ascendi ng path
10 !Gan ascendi ng path
83 1:2
prlaT)
! ;)X
fian
1' =
flan
people
"PO" a leaf
put it
put it
up high
open a leaf
kw~
16an
kw;)x pa~s over
I,
up high
prlaT)
kian
people
climb up pass over climb up
m' " is
10 kia n ascending path
prl31)
pm
people
smoke
lboy lffwll gOllrd
m' " is
10 k'ian ascending path
pf131J
pm
kh -
people
smoke
pineallple
prla1] people
160y thirst
prlUl]
lal
om
people
lack
milk
k"
I..
[,
then
k..
I..
" k.. "
then
I..
m::m
In -
then
[,
ascending path
k"
1~
moo
10 -
[,
then
[,
ascending path
kia n kia n
Ib
so -
dal
om
2,'
po
milk
2b
pu 2b l
Interpretation*: On Ihe ascendi ng path people open a leaf and put it up high. On Ihe ascendi ng path people climb up and pass over.
It " " It
Lundström cropped.pdf 168
is on is on is on is on
the the the the
ascending ascending ascending ascending
path that path that path that that path
people people people people
2,
smoke sn IOoy-fruit. smoke pineapple. thirst for mil k. lack milk.
8/10/05 1:08:50 pm
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
1'1
K :5 nl , m! a I) , k:5 nl
,,'
Wail t here, dea r, wa il lhere
( Ii
Ir:'l
naul)
(Ii
beat
bamboo torch
dear
b,,,,
kS wait
"there
Iii beat
Ie,
naUI)
kS
,',
dear
wait
there
eo
khSJI)
Iii
eo
0
dear
beat
0
len
n',
naal)
ten
n',
sit
there
dear
sit
there
p,k
km -
p'
p,k
break
rhododendron
puk
km ,
break
rhododendron
leer
I -
level
walk on level
kian
In -
level
ascending path
sn -
l;,or
p'
m!er kian
om
make waterpipe
hQ -
keek
long for. fond of t l) -
kaay
tum around. look back
Lundström cropped.pdf 169
I,
bamboo torch
Ib
I,'
Ib'
pee<
pak
pee<
break
P"'
break
P"'
pUk
rian
p,k
rian
break
put high
break
put high
teer
kS
om
pfta
level
wait
oh
pretty one
kian
kS
~m
n:'l::>y
level
wait
oh
liule one
kuk
week
2, la l
2b
2b'
bend and bend
em -
kuk
I] ~:)f
every
bend
path
k,k
I)~:)f
em every
"',d
P',h
8/10/05 1:08:51 pm
162
K llmmll SOllgs
Interpretation>/< :
I wil l beat torches, dear, beat torches. Wait there, dear, wait there! I wil l beat moumains, dear, beat moumains. Sit there, dear, sit there! I wil l break rhodode ndrons, break and lay them down, break and lay them down! I wil l break rhododendrons, break and p ut the m up, break and put them up! I wil l wal k on the plai n, on the level gro und; wai l, oh prclly o ne! I wil l cl imb the path, the ascend ing path ; wail, oh liule one ! Water pipes are made w ith many bends.
I wil l mi ss each bend of the path. I wil l look back at each bend of the path.
Lundström cropped.pdf 170
8/10/05 1:08:52 pm
Songs of Various Silualions
163
Pah
mOl] cl] k w
p;
cor] high
here oh
mih pale
Cor] high
c r ah pale
k,or CI] heartburn
COl] high
pO here oh
c nih pnle
cot] high
m'ih pale
c~
-
pah light
p;
mo~ moon
Ilere oh
pah mo~ moonlight
p;
pah lighl
here oh
p,h
m or]
moonlight
cor] high
-
I,ere oh
I,
ko 2,
CO~ high
pO I,ere oh
I,
kJ::lr
kb::r
2,'
star fruil
pah light
po
kwa
I]O::lr
widen up mor] moon
p;
sister-in-lnw
heartburn
c~
,,'
pah light
CI] kIter peep through
I,ere oh
lb
"',"
2b
p; Ib
l/ere oh
I]oor M 1 "
2b'
Interpretation"':
High pale, High pale, High pale, High pale.
oh, high pale. sister- in-law got heartburn. oh, high pale. star fruit gives you heartburn.
Moonlight, oh, moonl ight. Moonlight, widen out my palh! Moonlight, oh, moonlight. Moonlight, peep down on my path!
Lundström cropped.pdf 171
8/10/05 1:08:52 pm
164
Kllmmll SOllgs
K:hy poot kn6ol) klaal)
8>.
J ust walking along t he mountai n ridge
boy
pak
C< -
just
break
plum
k:,oy
pak
c, -
just
break
plant
b:)y
p5Jt
k-
just
walk along
mountain ridge
k::,oy
p5Jt
k-
just
walk along
rnountain ridge
Waal]
\Vaal]
n601)
n601)
hoolJ
km -
empty
selll)' all/-emu
plar
hOOl]
km -
empty
selll)' anl-emer
plar
dar
klaa!)
," -
cliff
bei ng warmed
klaa!)
," -
cliff
being warmed
dar
waar
ha I,
sunshine burning
waar
po"
sunshine weak
waar
I,'
ha
sunshine burning
waar
lb
pi>ar
sunshine oneself
lb '
Interpretation*: Just breaking the empty Cf waal) flowers, an ant-eater in the burn ing sunshine. Just breaki ng the empty crwaal) flowers, an ant-eater in the g lowing sunshine.
Just wal king along Ihe mo untain ridge, the cl iff being warmed in Ihe sunshine. Just walk ing along Ihe mountain ridge, o neself be ing warmed in the sunshi ne.
Lundström cropped.pdf 172
8/10/05 1:08:53 pm
Songs of Variol/s S i {I/a {i OilS
8b.
SONGS OFTHE FOREST:
165
THE BIRDS
Prial] hual] mee kHa mok. kHa mial] They say you travel far and wide 16:)( :'JI} digger hornet I'!J prlal) people
oh
""Y
16:)( :'JI) digger hornet I'll
m"
klam carry
hua l) v TUmour yO"
e6h harvest
'hi
I, kla m carry
r.. 2,
~w
pol,
me. y'"
"'bring "
kIS:)(
aay
bush
my
me. y'"
"'bring "
k16:JI
. ay
bush
my
""y
p6:Jt p SJI) barred owlet I?)
pS:)1 p6:JI) barred owlet 11)
oh
pr'lat] people
m,e hUa l) v rumour YO"
me. y'"
?x)r bring
mee you
"'"
bring
ellU
klta travel
' ay
bee
00
I'
I'
l~l)
bee
00
along
I'
I'
lu u bulge
mok l::md r?>:Jt
love
my
""k
khSoq
aay Illy
rXlt back
dear
3,
3,'
Ib klta travel
m+at] city
bee
00
I'
I'
bee
00
I'
I'
2b 3h 3b'
Interpretation: Ho rne t, oh, hornet. They sa y you carry a harves t pole a nd saw. Will you bring my bulging kl5:Jl-bush ? W ill you bring my kIS:Jt-bus h alo ng? O wle l, o h, owle l. They sa y yo u travel far a nd w ide . W ill you bring my sweetheart back? Will you bring my dearest bac k?
In performance: see D2b:8
Lundström cropped.pdf 173
8/10/05 1:08:54 pm
166
M~e
Kllmmll SOllgs
yhm
~h
ma h taa n1 sl6:>k
Why are you singing there, barbel
mOe Y'"
pS:>k
,h
roast
why
k-
tuam
om
k-
b~k
there
crab
k-
,
emb
kl -
m;)h
tua m
crab
kl -
lS:;.k
hm -
3a l
bee
(ree
p
pS:>k
YAA
te,
roost
because
your
rOOm
I'leaf
puuc
bee
wine
p
00 p
m;)h
taa
0"
s-
ilh 10m
k-
b~k
there
yaarn
yAh
te,
because
your
1( 1) branch
k60rn
bee
00
sit on
p
p
~illg
pak yaam
yAA
0"
your
(Litle
milh
cry. sing
1( 1)
k60m
bee
00
sit on
p
p
s-
15:)k
10.
yaam
then
cry. sing
mee yO"
an
mee
milh
khx,1)
If
you
,re
loved nne
'"
mee
m~
s-
If
yO"
ao
lTIee
If
yO"
,re moo ,re
yaam
well
branch
If
,re
muan
barbel
taan
loved one
10. then
LJ:Jk
barbel
euu
lb
2b
3b
tee
cry. sing because
ao
l5;)k
barbel
there
bend
Lundström cropped.pdf 174
3,
Ink
leaf
break S-
00 p
I,
cry.
barbel
2,
pfum
16::'J k
tl -
roast
tee
S -
16:Jk
p&:'k
your
yilam
I,
well
yAh
cry. sing why
Hiam
muan
bc<:ause
mOe
barbel
0"
kcrab
pS:>k
y'"
S -
0"
roast
roll up
barbel
t,a [here
roll up
k-
8b2
ulan
3b'
4,
k""
4b
cea<;e
10.
yaam
then
cry. sing
10.
k""
then
cea'\e
4, 4b'
8/10/05 1:08:54 pm
167
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
Interpretation"':
Why are you roasting there, crab, Well-roasted crab of the brook? Well -roasted crab, did the tree's leaf close? Well -roasted crab, did the vine 's leaf close? Why are you singing there, barbet, Well -singing barbel by the brook? Well-singing barbel, did your sitting-branch break? Well -singing barbel, d id your silting-branch bend? If you are a barbet , then cry! If you are my dearest, then cease!
If you are a barbel, then cry ! If you are my sweetheart, then cease!
Alternative word: 20 :
miJ.1n :
Lundström cropped.pdf 175
hIm
= tasty
8/10/05 1:08:55 pm
168
K llmmll SOllgs
9a. SONGS OF THE F IELDS: ABOUT LoNELI NESS
N 3 era
re lia y
prim 9. 1
I ha d nOllhi nn cd o ul my o\"cr grown field
pi>o
,d
'0
aay
prim
not
thin o ul
field
my
overgrown
liay
I"
cd
re
pri m
hm -
thin ou t
field
over-
change skins
1
then
I.
puut
mar snake
pJ:u.]
co,
2,
grown
pi>o
e
'0
aay
prim
110[
thin ou t
field
my
overgrown
aay
I"
e
'0
pri m
hm -
Ihin out
field
over-
change skins
1
then
I,
puut
rna,
plaas
snake
sand
grown
pi>o
Itm
'0
aay
lfm
not
stay
field
my
distant
Itm
re
d
,-
distant
riverbank
Ib
overnigh t
1
I" then
pi>o
It In
'0
aay
d
110t
Stay
field
Illy
distant
Itm
re
flay
stay field ovcmight
1S:>1]
clIur
puut
lower
cloud
2b
Ib
overnigh t
aay 1
I" then
aay
1~
1
then
d
h, -
stay field ovcmight
distan t
wei-fi e ld
Itm stay
'0
co
I~ -
field
distant
call each other
'0
co
,,-
field
distant
call each other
naa
,ap
clIur
puut
lower
cloud
,-
y001
gibbon
2b'
2,
ove rfli ght
aay 1
I"
then
Itm stay
yes
,-
y001
gibbon
overflight
Lundström cropped.pdf 176
8/10/05 1:08:56 pm
2,'
169
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
Interpretation"':
I had not thinned out my overgrown field. So I thin out the overgrown fie ld. where the rat snake sheds its skin. I had not thinned out my overgrown field, So I thin out the overgrown fie ld. where the sand snake sheds its skin. I had not So I stay I had not So I stay
spent the night in my fa r-away field, in the far-away field, by the river-bank where the clouds are low, spent the night in my fa r-away field, in the far-away field , by the paddy fi elds where the clouds are low.
So I stay in the far-away field, Where the gibbons call to each other. So I stay in the far-away field , Where the gibbons howl to each other. In performance: see DI.I
Lundström cropped.pdf 177
8/10/05 1:08:57 pm
170
Kllmmll SOllgs
Naal) yel Ida liik cuu, milan cUll My dear slays where people a rc happy toget her
naat]
y'l
dear
stay
9.2
IfIn
ruu
chuk
ruu
cruan
"
pull
hig
pull
tree
I.
baml){)()
aay
y'l
I ~la
p6m
I
stay
"
exp belli
naar]
yet
la.
ruu
dear
stay
"
pull
p6m
k""
kif>
oh
.wail
chuk
ruu
cruall
big
pull
Iree
2.
I,
hamboo
aay
yet
la.
p6m
I
stay
"
up belli
naar]
y'l
lau
luk
dear
stay
"
many
aay
yet
la.
ttl -
b
I
stay
"
sound
naa!)
yel
laa
dear
stay
CU ll people
aay
"
luk many
yet
laa
," -
'lUllS
I
stay
"
sound
k~;:)
kluus
oh
Irerb
ellU
milan
CU ll
people
enjoy
people
p6m
"y
om
oh
water
muan
khS:>!)
enjoy
people
ooy
om
oh
water
2a'
Ib
2b
Ib
2b'
Interpretation *: My dear stays where people pull bamboo and eman-tree. I stay where the snail s are beati ng, oh, beati ng. M y dear stays where people pull bamboo and crdan-tree. I stay where basil leaves are beaten. oh, beaten. My dear slays where people are happy together. I stay with the noise, oh , of water. My dear stays where people are happy together. I stay with the sound, oh, of water.
In performance: see DI.I
Lundström cropped.pdf 178
8/10/05 1:08:57 pm
]71
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
Naal} yet Imtoh om
,,'
I>ear, you stay upstrea m
naalJ
mooy
plOh
eel
0",
side
SOUT
mooy
plah
eet
"'"
0"'
side
sour
yO]
1m -
toh
am
slay
upstream
pOrn
dear
"'",
aay
pO",
]
naa!) dear
yet
,,-
]
stay
downstream
river
p-
ya
aay
dS:>m
kl60y
000
=
necklace
aay
dS:>m
kl~
mo
~
hair
pc -
looy
set afloat
I,' 2,
river
aay
send
],
nul
am
2,' 3,
,,'
Interpretation: Dear, yo u work on one side; I work on the other. Dear, yo u stay upstream; I stay downstream. Send your neck lace for me to see. Set a hair afloat for me to see.
In performance: see DI.I
Lundström cropped.pdf 179
8/10/05 1:08:58 pm
172
Kllmmll SOllgs
Yem aay yet taa les pgka When dose to yo u I'm shy
po ,,'
k-
161J
egg
9"
fl it -
theel)
beelle
nlln tasly
wa
1)8. itching
tees
lam
tees
tasty
biuer
lasty
bitter
k-
eat
egg
ycm
aay
yel
laa
les
p~
when
I
slay
"
close
embarrassed
yem
aay
yel
taa
en
Sf -
when
I
stay
sn spider
"'
rae
IJa itchin g
lam
po
161]
lam lasty
-
yearn
ka '~eel)
p~
-
Ib
n~el)
Ib'
yearn
Interpretation: Beetle eggs taste sour, sour. Spider eggs taste biller, bitter. When close to you I'm shy, I'm shy. When far from you J yearn, I yearn.
In performance: see DI.5
Lundström cropped.pdf 180
I,'
ka
embarrassed
sc-
I,
8/10/05 1:08:58 pm
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
173
Rye el) ma l prl ku ul
,,'
The sunset is nearly pa.~t
kan bamboo rat
(
;n
suul
plug in
exp sob
kuut buttonquail
uut
I-
fly
exp look
,-
mat
pr'l
(
yeel) nearly past
,-
suut
'"" mat
yeel) nearly past
mat sun
pr)
,-
om
mat
,-
suut
burst
tear
I,
t reel] Ib
kuut 2,
'"
om tear
burst
suut
tmn 0",
2b
kuut set
2,
kS;,r now
2b'
Interpretation"': Sob. sob. locked-up bamboo-rat! Flap, flap, fl y ing buttonquai l! The su nset is nearly past, Soon my tears w ill come. T he su nset is nearl y past, Soon my tears wi ll flow.
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174
Kllmmll SOllgs
S I6h c3.1]-knc8.1J yaam kaay
9,.
I wa lk back all by mysel f and cr yi ng
cal) cal] grdssllOpper
cat] cal) grdssllOpper
,-
16h
walk
,-
yaarn
cSx
'0'
exp .wllllll
yaarn
C;)X
'0'
exp .wl/lul
cal] -
kn -
doc
doc
16h
ca l] ko exp fccling lonesome
paam I,
praay
k l ~m
I,'
dead-fall prop up trap
car]
ap feeling lonesome
walk
praay
dead-fall set up trap
ca,]
yaarn "Y t ~rn sing
kaay 2,
return
kilUY 2a'
return
Interpretation: Where the grasshopper cries 'c::xx cSx'. I set my trap. Where the grasshopper cries '6x eSx· . I propped up my trap. I walk back all by myself and crying. I walk back all by myself and singing.
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Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
175
Prial] iieel n6ol] dh kU Others who are poor still ha,'e their hair
,, -
lOoY
duckweed
00, naa!] dear,you I"
om water
k60r flow
naat) oor dear,yOU I"
160y
nAM
,
exp look swaying. floatin g
p6m
rtl
p6m
me
beat
free
.h
lboc
"'"
have
fin ish
p6;) !lot
•m, "
I~k
n AM
raal)
om
\Vater
lack
water
wed jungle knife
aay
I. plo.') fall down not at all have
'h
klaa!] stone
om
have
n6J!] I. fall down sti ll
I,
2,
Ib
,h
prm t] another
I
9"
2,'
3,
wed
,,'
jungle knife
prm t] another
fled
n6ot]
.h
kl~
poo,
~ti ll
have
hair
.ay
fled
pi;)':)
kl.
poo,
.h
I
not at all have
3b
3b '
hair
illlerprelalioll* : Duckweed fl ows, slowly swaying. But J must walk among trees and stones. Water streams, never ceasing, But I must walk with no water left. Others who fall still have their knives, But J fell and not even my knife is left. Others who are poor still have their hair, But I am poor and not even my hair is left.
Alternative line:
la:
,,lonely
lboc
lboc fetch I?I exp waving
Loneliness comes, slowly waving.
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8/10/05 1:09:00 pm
176
Kllmmll SOllgs
9b. SONGS OF THE F IELDS: FROG4C ATCH ING
SkU
k~:}
U., m :} h mH m;Sfi 9b l
What kind of d ay is it today
,-
lU i
today
y:,h go
I ~d then
m,*,
mti
i<
is
doy
b::l
fta m
d"
po,
oh
clearin g
indeed
IIO[
sharp
d"
p~
taal
indeed
IIO[
sharp
y~h
ftam
go
clearin g
k"
m;Jh what
wan
m,*,
doy
what
10
20
20 '
I..
m,*,
mff
eo -
;,
then
is
doy
herb
k..
I..
m,*,
mlf
CO -
;,
then
is
doy
herb
,-
lU i
b::l
I ~d then
m,*,
mti
;,
is
doy
loh
d,a
po,
fishing
indeed
IIO[
pian goo
2b
plan goo
26 '
tooay
y:,h go
Irl
Ir)
k J:)[] =k
phaa
c"
m;Jh what
bee
00
"bee " " "
30
00
wan
m,*,
doy
what
3,'
10
by draining
d,a
y;,h go
paal
k..
I..
m;:m
Inti
;,
P' -
then
is
day
dragon
k~
I..
moo
then
is
mtf doy
p-
;,
fishing indeed by torches
pa;;l IIO[
YY..l
bee
00
cr'i
"bee
P
taboo
p
p
CTI
"boo
yaa
tit le
00
Interpretation*: What kind of day is it today, what kind of day? Goi ng clearing. th e tools aren' t sharp. Going clearing, the tools are bl unt.
Is this the day for cnt r)-cooki ng? Is this the day for cntr)-cuning?
What kind of day is it today, what ki nd of day? Going fi shing by drai ning I get nothing. Going fi shing by torch light I gel noth ing. Is this the day thai the Dragon tabooed? Is this the day that the Pyaa tabooed?
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36
8/10/05 1:09:01 pm
36'
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
177
10. SONGS OF YOU NG PEOPLE: ABOUT G IRLS L~ m~
pi an tee tooy knni
Lucky he, who can follow behind
tee
(0
,n-
himself
c,rry
wrist chain
,''',
k'JI] ,ook
prSjk sq uirrel
who
pia n able
tee Ilimself
" carry
kJ:lI) cook
10
rno
lucky
who
pia n able
YA/\
rna
I.
oh
lucky
10ai
rna
,n-
rna lady
I,
rno
l60y
kn -
who
pia n able
tee
lucky
Ilimself
follow
bellind
k l&>k white
pl&ll] calfof leg l boy follow
rna 100,
rno
pia n able
tee
rna
pfla pliJI] beautiful calf of leg
YA/\ oh
''y
I,
Saay -
kl60y I,
name
2,'
Iree
yAII
Ilimself
kl60y
c hin
oh
wllo
(,
wrist cllain
yAII
lucky
Saay nallle
2,
oh
I,
(,
n, Ib
2b
kn -
nl
bellind
Ib
2b'
Interpretation: Luc k y he , w ho can wear a s aaykl60y w ri st c hain, oh lady, w ith cooked squ irrels. Lucky he , w ho can wear a s aaykl60y wrist c hain, oh lad y, w ith cooked chia-tree. Lucky he , a L ucky he, a
Lundström cropped.pdf 185
who lady w ho lady
can follow behind w ith white calves. can follow behind w ith beautiful calves.
8/10/05 1:09:02 pm
178
K llmmll SOllgs
Nllal) lih
rna sma an
My dear has a n ill-tempered mother
naat]
oh
kilan
dear
have
yoke
m,'
I-
naal]
,h
kuan
I-
dear
ha ve
yoke
ironwood
naal)
'h
dear
ha ve
lOa 2
po
I,
701] I,'
mo
s-
mother
ill-tempered
maan
nauf)
oh
YO!)
s-
dear
have
f3lher
ill-tempered
2,
maan 2,'
Interpretation": My dear has a yoke of oak tree. My dear has a yoke of ironwood .
My dear has an ill -tempered mother. My dear has an ill-tempered father.
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179
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
K :5on kUI] tee p ;S., uun m:) t e I wo uld not let a stra nger marry a g irl f rom my vill age
IOa3
I" -
10
re
taa
U UIl
sial)
klul)
mud puddle
field
IIOt
1«
pig
tumble
I,
0
c;,
kaay
raar]
will
pot
cover of branches
2,
U'"
sial)
klul)
pig
tumble
huu
Star]
klUI)
pig
tumble
I" -
10
,6
mud puddle
field
stal)
klul)
0
pig
tumble
I"
'"
1«
c;,
kaay
raal)
will
pot
magic formula
U'"
ma
k:);)n
kUI)
lee
poo
child
village
my
'01
m.
Ie
0
here marry stranger
,.
2,'
Ie
1«
Ilere marry stranger
c;,
ra
'P,
will
take
bring back
roo
U UIl
m~
not
k'
here marry stranger
lb
kaay 2b
Ie
kS:m
kut)
lee
child
village
my
m;:,
Ie
0
c;,
ruu
'P,
[
will
pull
bring back
here marry stranger
I,
lb
kilay 2b'
Interpretation: I would not let a pig tumble in a puddle in my fi e ld , If it happens, J wil l put a co ver o n the puddle. I would nOi let a pig tumble in a puddle in my fi e ld. If it happens, I will put a spell on the puddle . I would not let a stranger marry a g irl from my vill age. If it happens, I will win her right back. I would not let a stranger marry a g irl from my vill age. If it happens, I will pull he r right back.
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180
Kllmmll SOllgs
Nllal) kraa carim ly10k When a girl is fa ir is th e r ig ht lime to lease her
kia!
kl&lk
c-
melon
while
right time
c;,
phaa
wed
will
'"
jungle knife
kia!
kl&lk
c-
melon
while
right lime
c;,
phaa
wed
will
'"'
jungle knife
nam
lOa4
phaa I,
'"' waal)
I> my
long
n5m
phiia
2,
I,
'"' waak
I> my
broken
nam
'lyx,k
2,
naar]
kraa
c-
dear
fair
ri ght time
c;,
?y&lk
kaar]
will
lease
house
kiWI]
"
ned
m+an
sOl)
kroh
km -
house
my
pooc
like
as if
destroy
flood
kaul) house
I> my
fih:1 pooc
m+an
s;$r)
kwaa t
km -
like
a~
sweep away
flood
Ib
lease
I> my
ned pooc
if
2b
laa!) 3, Ul.a!]
3,
Interpretation: When a melon is white is the right time to cut it. I w ill c ut it with my long jungle knife. When a melon is white is the right time to cut it. I wi l] c ut it with my broken jungle knife . When a girl is faiT is the righ t ti me to tease her. I wi ll lease her that my house is poor, That my house is poor as if destroyed by a flood , That my house is poor as if swept away by a flood.
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8/10/05 1:09:03 pm
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
]SI
KMOI) sypooy c33 tooy pl]klit I will follow and lean against my beautiful dear
IOa5
k1aalJ ,,niit rubbing stone Ipumit;e-stone?1
''''' will
slit cob
set afloat
k1aalJ ,,niit lilli/It! rubbing stone Ipumice-stone?1
''''' will
sl it
P" -
cob
vai n
I,'
l1allle
P' -
1boy ],
7en
kh:XlIJ dear
e.11' beautiful
''''' will
lboy follow
k'tit ptJ lean against
lb
kh:XlIJ dear
exl'
sy pOOy beautiful
C"" will
len sit
kiit PIJ lean against
lb'
pOOy
'Y -
k)il lean against
taa
PI) -
"
k)il lean against
PI) -
kntial) fron lside lof a per.;onl
taa
nn -
"
face
pOh
plan go<
toh nice oomplexion
plan
pha
go<
pretty
2,
2,'
Interpretation"':
I will I will I will I will
rub myself setting afloat the pumice-stone. rub myself vainly with the pum ice-stone. follow and lean against my beautiful dear. sit with and lean agai nst my lovely dear.
Lean ing agai nst her front I will get a nice complex ion. Leaning aga inst her face I will become prelly.
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182
Kllmmll SOllgs
Naal) liak yo h, liak kaay Dear, choosing to Ica,'c, choosing to re turJ1
pEEl
lIT
100m -
rrJ -
lOa6
100m I,
up look many fly together
parakeet
,-
100m
I;'
k6k
alight
00
hog plum exp
pte!
ICe
100m -
parakeet
laay
I'll
"
-
100m exp look many fiy together ,~
I,
loom
I;'
niay
,-
alight
0'
tree
ex!' look flock of birds turning over
naa!) dear
flak
y:,h
flak
kaay
choose
go
choose
return
'"
"marry
,-
waay
yourself
pip find
flak
tiger
naat) dear
fiak
y:,h
flak
kaay
choose
go
choo~c
return
p'+ p
Ie,
I,
cOOy
kin
find
yourself
marry
spirit
vampire
,,'
3, le double
t:>
4, 3,
Ie double
,; 4,'
Interpretation*: A wavering cloud of parakeets
Turning over, alighting on the hog pl um. A wavering cloud of parakeets T urn i ng over, landi ng on the r1ay tree. Dear, choosing to leave, choosing to retum, You ' ll end up married to a bad tiger spi rit. Dear, choosing to leave, choosing to re turn, You' ll end up married to a vampire spirit.
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Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
183
1Yaa tam laay kmh6t I>clicious tobacco is carefully wrapped up
,,- lot scops-owl I'll ,,- lot -
tot 161
scops-owl PI
I,m plaa dcliciolls minced
I,
lam fiat] delicious intestines
I,'
lam laay deliciolls special
km -
m'tal) Uiay "m femlcntcd delicious special
km -
7yaa tobacco
,eo
IOa7
hot 2,
pack
h61
2,'
pack
Imerprelation: The scops-owl is delicious m inced. The scops-owl has delicious intestines. Delic ious tobacco is carefull y wra pped up. Delicious fenne nted tea is carefu ll y wrapped up.
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8/10/05 1:09:05 pm
184
Kllmmll SOllgs
lOb. SONGS OF YOUNG PEOPLE: JOKE SONGS
PUg pU.al] liay pa
pur]
pli
blow
flute
pUt]
,ay plaal) reed pipe 1
blow
"Y 1
lOb i
po,
chaay
1m -
1I0[
able
keep a steady tone
po,
chaay
kuu -
IIO[
able
make trills
yaal] I,
r)i
Interpretation: Blow ing a flute I cannot hold the tune. Blowing a pipe I cannot make trills.
7Wht mfan ?wfat rn a maan I am tired like a pregna nt woman
IOb2
prWI
miun
prtat
mo
Cian
go off
like
go off
crossbow
IIl1me
by mistake
by mistake
mo
mS
Cian
crossbow IIlIme
t OI)
surely
Stretch
Stretch
I,
co
kO;)
prtat
om
;,
go off by
always
'?wiat
mian
7wial
m'
maan
lired
like
tired
woman
pregnant
m'
maan
m6
tOT)
C3
woman
pregnant surely
om
2,
mistake
lb
k""
she
'?wiat 2b
tired
always
Interpretation: " went off by mistake like a Stretch crossbow, but Stretch crossbows don't always go off by mistake. I am ti red like a pregnant woman, but pregnant women aren't always tired.
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Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
KMOI) hy.
y~ .
185
Ilia Srka p IOb3
My dear is in Srka p
klap
aay
h~dy
taa
ko -
hat [?I
my
oh
m
h ill l?1
ta"
k-
hE (,
klap
,ay
h~dy
hat PI
my
oh
m
plain
taa
S, -
"
Iwme village
t5al)
kh ~1)
aay
y.
dear
my
oh
elm
aay
y.
laa
S, -
dear
my
oh
m
Iwme village
(,'
kap 2,
h ip
2,'
inrerprewtion: My hat is on the hill , oh. My hat is in the glade, oh. My dear is in Srkap, oh. My love is in Srk ap, oh.
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186
Kllmmll SOllgs
1 1. SONG M ADE IN SWEDEN
La
m~
pian tee wee mial) Swiden lI a 1
Lucky he, who ca n come to Sweden
10
mo
pla n
tOe
';q
00
mial]
kin -
lu cky
who
clIn
self
win
oh
country
peaceful
m).m] country
pr)a1)
h!:C
s-
po
people
reI!
giant bamboo
m.
ptan
tOe
';q
00
m+al)
km -
''"
himself
win
oh
country
peaceful
kaam
I.
lucky
who
m'tal)
prla1)
to,
hq -
country
peop le
reI!
chaff
m.
ptan
tOe
we,
00
m"tal)
Swi -
''"
himself
co me
oh
country
Sweden
I.
lucky
who
mta!)
prlal)
pr5
tOe
we,
peop le
wish
self
co me
10
mo
pia n
tOe
we,
00
mial]
Swi -
lucky
who
can
himself
cO llie
oh
country
Sweden
tn'tal] country
pr)a1)
yaam
tee
wee
people
weep
self
co me
101 -
pheey
y:,h
cern
m+a!)
go
every
city
kria/) - bI n
cuur
d:rn
kUI)
air-plane
land
every
village
y:,h go
cern every
lTI'tal) city
cum
,em
kaal)
land
every
house
te
tl -
yaa!)
101 train
pheey
krlal) -
bin
air-p lane
leen
p-
tread
ground
cuur
laa
kaat)
em -
leave
fmm
hOllse
caress
Lundström cropped.pdf 194
t,
te,
" t,
,,'
country
train
te,
den lb
2b
den Ib
2b'
" " I,'
,,' ld
seldom
p5x
Vol '0 name Volvo
2d
8/10/05 1:09:07 pm
Songs of VariOl/S Sill/a I ions
teen tread
pground
IC
CUUf
laa from
kaal) holl'>C
leave
tI -
187
yaal)
seldom 1m -
Id'
p5x
care~s
101
Saap
'"
I1(IIIIe
Saab
2d'
inrerprewtion*: Lucky he, who can wi n himself a peaceful land, A land where people sell giant bamboo. Lucky he, who can win himself a peaceful land , A land where people sell chaff. Lucky he, who can come to, oh, Sweden, A land people wish to go to. Lucky he, who can corne to, oh, Sweden, A land people weep to go 10. Tra ins go to every city. Airplanes land at every village. Trains go to every cily. Airplanes land at every house. People se ldom tread the ground, They leave their house and caress their Volvo. People seldom tread the ground, They leave their house and caress their Saab car.
Lundström cropped.pdf 195
8/10/05 1:09:07 pm
Lundström cropped.pdf 196
8/10/05 1:09:08 pm
c. Words of Address
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8/10/05 1:09:08 pm
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191
Words of Addr ess
1. AD DRESS ING: G ENERAL AND RESPECTFUL
la
phaay
luk -
cotton
belt
lun,
khun
t~J-
masters
all [of you [
laay
illlerpreialioll : Belt of cotlon; you are all masters.
III perform(l llce: see 02c: 1
Ib
phaay
luk -
cotton
sash [1[
Itcn,
stcn
I~
masters
all [of you]
-
hiay
illlerpreialioll : Sash of cotton; you are all masters.
III performance : see D2e:1
Ik -
p1k
ko -
IrUu m
Iii -
kuafi
kn -
aan unripe. raw I?]
exp many being still under
(ruu m
e.11J man y being still under
p+k roof beam
Illterpretalioll .' Crowd under the raw meat ; c rowd unde r the roof beam
2. ADDRESS ING VISITOR (S) IN G ENERAL: TM5~y
2a
y~J[J,
crx,y
KI -
chain
/lame swimming
khSJI]
I-
dear
visi tor
Illterpretatioll .' Chain of the Swimmi ng patte rn ; dear visitor(s).
2b
crx,y
S-
chain
lUll/Ie
Lundström cropped.pdf 199
nuu,
c uu dear
I visi tor
8/10/05 1:09:09 pm
192
Kllmmll SOllgs
llilerpr etal iOIl:
Chain of the SilUu pattern ; dear visitor(s).
3 . ADDRESS ING W IFE-GI VERS: EEM
3,
plauT)
1m -
silvergrass
/!Xp long. fine
tTeem, Cern wifegivers
,-
maal)
wealth y
i lllCrprelatioll* :
Si lvergrass so long and fine; wife-givers so wealthy. III performance: see 01 :3
3b
plaal)
1m -
silvcrgrass
op long. fine
nrem,
Cern
r-
wifcgivers
wealt h y
maal)
illlerpretatioll* :
Si lvergrass 3c
SO
long and strai ght ; wife-givers so wealthy.
plUal)
1m -
silvcrgrass
knotwccd
cecm.
Cern
,-
wife-
wealthy
maul)
givers
illlerprclatioll* : Sil vcrgrass knotwecd; w i fe-givers so wealthy.
III performlillce: see D2e:2, D2c:4. D2c:8
3d
'"
leaf
1m tTeem, long, fine
exp
eem wife-
p~
-
'hy
k'
givers
illlerpr elatioll :
Leaf so long and fi ne; w i fe-givers make me shy.
3e
'"
leaf
Lundström cropped.pdf 200
1m -
necrn,
exp long. fine
Cern
p~
wiregivers
'hy
-
ka
8/10/05 1:09:10 pm
193
Words of Address
Imerpretatioll : Leaf so long and stmight; wife-givers make me shy.
3f
la
1m -
leaf
plant
ceem,
eem
p~
wifegivers
,hy
-
k'
Imerpretatioll : Leaf of lmd:em; wife-givers make me shy.
III performlillce : see D2c:2 4. ADDRESS ING ANOTHER CLAN: OA ['ANCESTRY']
4a
plam)
[fa -
silvergivers
exp beauty
Yl a,
eta
r-
ancestry
wealthy
maa!)
Illterpretatioll'" : Silvergrass SO beautiful ; ancestry so wealthy.
III performance: see DI:3
4b
I,
fla -
leaf
exp beauty
yia,
eta
pt] -
ancestry
shy
k.
IlIferpretlllioll : Leaf so beautiful; ancestry makes me shy.
5. ADDRESS ING A SISTER'S FATHER-IN-LAW: K OUN
5,
krX,IJ stalk
krfern
suuii.
kuuii
pr-
Y:'::lIJ
sister·s dragon falhcr-inlaw
Imerpretalioll'" : Stalk of fern; dmgon father-i n-law.
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8/10/05 1:10:41 pm
194
5b
Kllmmll SOllgs
krXlI)
kfi -
stalk
squeeze
t uufi,
kuufi
P' -
sister's
dragon
Y~:ll)
father-in law
!lIlcrfJretat iOIl:
Stalk so squeezed; dragon fat her-in-law,
5,
Ja
hfern
leaf
suuii,
ku uii sister's
P~
-
kit
, hy
father- in law
JlIlerpr ewtioll* :
Leaf of fern; father-in law-makes me shy.
5d
kn -
'"
leaf
tu un,
squeezed
ku ufi
P~
sister's
, hy
-
ka
father-inlaw
Illterpretatioll :
Leaf so sq ueezed; father-in-law makes me shy.
6. A DDRESS ING A W OMAN ON TH E W IFE-GIV ER S' SIDE lcern -
co;)n -
d,
cxp PI
rna
k::'::m
cern
woman
child
wife-givers
I lIlerpr etatioll:
Sweet and fa ir; woman of the wife-givers.
6b
h~e m
-
cxm -
op I?)
b:Jl],
kh:'lJI]
ki:m
dear
child
eem wife-givers
I lIlerpr elal iOIl:
Sweet and fair; dear of the wife-givers.
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8/10/05 1:10:42 pm
195
Words of Addr ess
7. ADDRESS ING AN AUNT'S D AUGHTER: K~
krx,1)
Ix,r-
sta lk
tonga vine
pS,
pi aunt' s dragun daughter
Iliferprefatioll'f' : To nga vine stalk; drago n lady cousin.
7b
Itl
l:m -
leaf
tonga vine
pS,
ko
PI] -
ka
aunt' s shy daughter
Interpretation"': Tonga vine leaf; lady cousin makes me shy.
8. ADDRESSING AN ELDER BROTHER: TAA Y
krO:)1)
ili-
stalk
cowpea
paay,
day
pr -
elder brother
drago n
YO:)I)
IllIerpretatioll'" : Stalk of cowpea; dragon big brother.
III performallce : see 02b:2. 02b:4, D2b:6. 02/}:8. 02b:10
8b
"
leaf
iii cowpea
paay,
t:lay
p~
elder brother
-
Iliferprefatioll'" : Leaf of cowpea; big brother makes me shy.
III performance: see 02b:/0
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8/10/05 1:10:42 pm
1%
Kllmmll S O ll gs
9. ADDRESS ING AN ELDER BROTHER'S W IFE: Pa~Y
9a
krn lj
ry -
stalk
ladlc
w~y,
p ~y pi elder dragon brotlter' s
wife
I lIferpr etation:
Sta lk of the ladle; dragon sister-in- law.
n ~y,
9b stal k
salted bamboo shoot
p~y
P' -
elder
dragon
brotller' s wife
IlIlerpr etat iOIl :
Stalk of salted bamboo shoot: dragon sisler-in-Iaw,
9,
"
leaf
'Y -
w~oy,
ladle
p ~y P~ elder shy brother' s wife
"
illlerpretatioll : Leaf of the ladle; sister-in-law makes me shy.
p-
9d
n;}oy,
p ~y
salted bamboo shoot cider
P~
-
ku
' hy
brother's
wife illlerprelatioll :
Leaf of the salted bamboo shoot; siste r-in-law makes me shy.
10. ADDRESS ING A GR ANDSON OR SON-iN- LAW: C t
me,
lOa stal k
sugarcane
co
P' -
grandson, dragon oo n- in law
illlerpretatioll* : Sta lk of sugar-cane; dragon grandson.
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197
Words of Addr ess
III performallce: see 0 2h:l. 02b:7. 02b:9, 02c:3
lOb
la leaf
kl -
me,
sugarcane
p~
-
grandson. shy son-inlaw
IliferprefaliOlI"f' : Leaf of sugarcane; grandson makes me shy.
11. ADDRESS ING YOU NG V ILLAGER(S) lla
tnll] yellow leaves
t:la
"'
Iuu. cUu forcst [?l dearl friend
taa
'0
kUI] village
IlIIerprelatioll .' Yellow leaves of the fore st; friends in the vil lage.
III performance: see 01 :2
li b
tr(1) yellow leaves
taa
1U UT,
at
ville
cUu dearl friend
laa
'0
kUI] village
IlIIerpretalion .' Yellow leaves of the vine; friends in the village. li e
tr(1) yellow leaf
taa
k:'JI),
"
cook
khSJI) dearl friend
taa
'0
kUI] village
Inrerpretarioll .' Yellow leaves for cooking; Friends in the village.
12. ADDRESS ING FEMA LE V ILLAGER(S)
12a
tro1) yellow leaf
Lundström cropped.pdf 205
taa in
klaal], rock
naa!) lady
laa
'0
kU~
village
8/10/05 1:10:43 pm
198
Kllmmll SOllgs
llilerpr ctal iOIl:
Ye llow leaves on the rock; lady in the village .
12b
kh 5J1]
taa
dear
kUI),
ellU
kUIJ
village
dear
village
II/terpretation; Dear in the village; sweetheart in the v illage.
13. ADDRESS ING M ALE V ILLAGER(S)
13,
Inll)
laa
klaal).
laa!)
taa
kUI)
yellow leaf
in
rock
mi,tcr
in
village
illlcrprclatioll :
Yellow leaves on the rock; mister in the village.
14. ADDRESS ING (M ALE) FRIENO(S):
14a
uul firc-
h:):)m bind
If?:>. torch
y"
yJ
pr?>.1m
tu ul
friends
good
old friends
friends
wood [?I
/II1cqJrclatioll :
Torches bound together; good old fr iends.
Alternative word pr!Drn: s:);)m = good friends I?J 11/ performance: .see 01 :4, 01 :6. D2a: I. 02a:4, 02e:3, D2e: 7
14b
uu l
h5:>m
firebind wood [11
mJ,
yJ
crossbow friends
pr?Pm
tuul
good
old
friends
friends
IlIlerpr etatioll:
Crossbows bound together: good old rriends.
Lundström cropped.pdf 206
8/10/05 1:10:44 pm
199
Words of Addr ess
Alternative word pr5:Jrn : .s5::Jm
= good Friends
L?J
III performallce : see 02a:7
14e
uu l
h5:>m
mh:n,
kWEen
pr~:>m
tuul
lire-
bind
snare trap beloved
good friends
old friend s
wood
PI
Illterpretatioll : Snare traps bound together; beloved o ld friends _
III performance: see 02a:l, 02a:7
14d
uu l
h5:ml
trECI).
kWEcn
p6.)m
tuul
lire-
bind
elephant
beloved
good friends
old
wood
PI
grass
friends
IlIIerprelatioli : Elephant grass bound together; beloved old friend s.
III performallce : see 01 :6. D2a:4
15. ADDRESS ING BY F IRST NAME
IS,
C< -
pip
fruiT
k:':JI) .
P'-
SHp
cook
dragon
perSOIl(lln(/me
Illterpretatiol/'" : Cooking crpt p fruit; d ragon Siip.
15b
cn -
tram
silkrced
k:':JI) ,
pr -
cook
dragon
Y?>:JI)
Kam perSOII(I/I/(/l/Ie
IlIIerpretatioll'" : Cooking silkreed; dragon K am.
Lundström cropped.pdf 207
8/10/05 1:10:45 pm
Lundström cropped.pdf 208
8/10/05 1:10:45 pm
PART
3:
PERFORMANCES
1. Suites
Lundström cropped.pdf 209
8/10/05 1:10:46 pm
Lundström cropped.pdf 210
8/10/05 1:10:46 pm
S II i I e s
203
01.1. Kalil Raw: Tfixll Yl/an, Lund. Sweden, c, 1977 P;i~ era re aay prim
9.,
J had not thinned outlny O\'ergrow n field
I
Ntla lJ ye t l aa hl k CU U, m ua n cu u My dear stays where people a re ha ppy together
9,2
I Naa lJ ye t lmto h o m I>ear, yo u stay upstream
~y sah oh say
P"" 00' aay
9,3
"field
aay
I",
era thin ou!
"field
prim overgrown
change skins
era thin ou!
'0
prim overgrown
change skins
,
then
,
then
[~
aay
my
field
prim overgrown
df:e
e ra thin out
oh
naal) dear
hm -
PUU!
hm -
PUU!
mar snake
p[x,1) m<
mar snake
p[aas sand
e uur lower
PUU!
c uur lowcr
p(iU\ cloud
blay sa h then say
ec sa h oh say
pO-J not
Itm stay
re field
aay
d
dre
my
distant
oh
n:lal) dear
,
I",
ttm Slay
"field
d
c-
I'x><]
then
distalll
riverban k
aay
soh
pO-J
"'
cO
dre
khSJI]
00'
Itm stay
aay
say
field
my
distant
,h
dear
,
[;",
Itm slay
re d wctfield distant
h, -
naa
thcn
'aa
ruu pull
e h 6k
nlu
eruan
bamboo
pull
Iree
p6m
p6m
aay
wctficld
cloud
kaay suh then say
~ 9a2 hdY suh naat) hey say dear
,
aay
s ah
"y
naal) dear
Lundström cropped.pdf 211
ye'
stay
ye'
" 'aa
stay
"
exp beal
yel
laa
ruu pull
stay
"
e h 6k bUll/boo
kO-J
kl(iu s
uh
herb
ruu
eruan
pull
Irf'e
8/10/05 1:10:47 pm
K(lmmli SOllgs
sah
oay
yet
toa
p6m
say
I
stay
"
exp beat
p6m
k""
klS
k?tay sah
oh
.I'mlil
then say
ee sah
naa!)
yet
lila
luk
cu u
muan
cuu
oh say.
dear
stay
"
many
people
enjoy
people
sah
aay
yet
toa
;,y
om
I
stay
"
tn sound
ruus
say
oh
water
sah
kh5;)q
yet
taa
luk
cuu
mua n
cuu
say
dear
stay
"
many
peop le
enjoy
people
sah "Y
aay
yet
taa
t~
b
ooy
om
kaay sah
I
stay
"
sound
oh
water
then say
-
~ 9a3 ~y
sah khn l)
oh say
dear
aay I
p6m
mooy
plah
eet
"'" pOrn "'"
one
side
00"'
mooy
plah
eet
one
side
sour
yet
1m -
toh
om
stay
upstream
sah
kh5;)q
say
dear
sah
Oay
yet
,, -
say
I
stay
downstream
river
sah
p-
y>
oay
dn m
kl60y
say
se nd
""
=
necklace oh
dear
aay
d nm
k l~
dt£
cuu
kaay sah
""
=
hair
oh
dear
then say
pc set afl0.1t
Lundström cropped.pdf 212
100y
river
"OJ
om dt£
na al]
8/10/05 1:10:47 pm
S II i I e s
205
Inrerpretation* :
Oh I say, I had not thinned out my overgrown field, oh dear, So I thin out the overgrown fi eld, where the rat snake sheds its skin. So I thin out the overgrown field , where the sand snake sheds its ski n, this I say .
Lundström cropped.pdf 213
9al :Ia 9<11 :2H 931:2a'
Oh [ say, I had not spent the night in my faraway field, oh dear, So I stay in the faraway field , by the ri ver bank where the clouds are low. I say, I had not spent the night in my faraway fie ld, oh dear, So I stay in the far-away field, by the paddy fie ld where the clouds are [ow, this I say .
9a l :2b'
Heey I say, my dear stays where people pu ll bamboo and eroa n-tree. I stay where basil leaves are beaten, oh, beaten. I say, my dear stays where people pull bamboo and cruan-trce. I say, I stay where the snail s are beati ng, oh, bealing, this I say .
9a2:la 9a2:2a ' 9<12:la 9a2:2a
Oh [ say, my dear stays where people are happy together. I say, I stay with the noise, oh, of water. I say, my dear stays where people are happy togethe r. I say, I stay with the sound , oh, of water, thi s I say.
9<12: Ib 9a2:2b' 9a2: Ib 9a2:2b
Oh I say, dear, you work on one side; I work on the other. I say, dear, you stay upstream ; I say, I stay downstream. I say. send your necklace for me to see, oh dear. Set a hair afloat for me to see, oh dear, this I say.
9<13: la 9a3: la ' 9a3:2a 9a3:2<1' 9a3:3a 9a3:3a'
8/10/05 1:10:48 pm
9<11: Ib 9al:2b 9al: tb
K(lmmll SOllgs
W6
01.2. Kalil Raw: Thn r ltal/, wmpallg, Thailand. 6 May 1973
Mec si al) cuu tee dii psa k Hcaring my friends' voices suddenly makes me reel good
6<12
I
K:hy yet, kooy do om kUI) Take good care, look after the village we ll
7"
I
Aay t6kseet mi al) Lamps: al) 7b6
I gct lo nesome in Lam pa ng town
nam
h::'lY sah
km -
hey say
mole-cricket
sn -
,Ok
form into a cone
mOc
dua
ilil)
p-
Y'"
indeed
chirp
suddenly
15
kial
yia rJ
kaay sah
melon
black
l!al] remain
luu!
leaf
ste m
then say
p-
sOk
suddenly
ee sah
km -
mOc
d,a
ee say
mole-cricket
Y'"
indeed
ilil] chirp
sOh "Y
so-
15
klal
fia!)
leaf
melon
black
fiaam
ta k
form into a cone
lal] garland
l aal) another
sOk
k6;)1)
Cia!) remain
straw
pc -
fJi
15 leaf
flower 'tal) garland nower
uial)
kr?>:'ll)
kaay sah
anotlicr
straw
then
~y
hoy sah
mOc
sIa l)
hey say
hear
sound
pita!) people
no good
'oe
your
dli good
suddenly
pc -
lliu
pc -
pc -
luu
no use
sah
mOc
sial)
ellU
"Y
hear
sound
dear
sah say
mOc hear
sial) sound
pr'm l) people
Sia t] sound
khS:lJ] dear
pllit] sprout p llit] sprout
k~:ly
d:'l:lm
careful
look after 0
Ula
luu. IfU t] forest PI yellow leaf
sah say
mOc hear
+
7cJ h;:)y sah b:>y hey say careful
sah
"Y
b:>y careful
IfUt] yellow leaf
Lundström cropped.pdf 214
no good
p-
no
sak
fli
U.'ie
Ie,
dii
p-
your
good
suddenly
k~:ly
d:'l:lm
eel
a
careful
look after sour
oh
naa J] dear
laa in
klaal) stone
"
SAI\I
kaay sah then say
eo b ay sah Jhen say
8/10/05 1:10:48 pm
S II i Ie s ee s<'i h uh say
laa 00'
,,,
ceq,
an
elephant gmss
"'-
207
Ita l)
f~1I
boy
ye, stay
k:':lY careful
kUI) dS:lIll look after village
a
careful
s'"
kO:lY careful
len sit
kO:lY careful
d:):l£l1 kila!) look after housc
CC
sah say
'"
an
,,,
kla kccogon fall grass l?l
Ita!)
not
,,,
nO!] only
cccp
Ita!)
yc,
kOJY careful
d:):l£l1 h i!) look after village
kJoy careful
dSom kaa!) look after housc kaa r) mlat) housclkin)
sah say
say
an
hoy sah kO:lY hey say careful
s," say
kO:lY careful
",
CC sa h oh S.1Y
,6n sit
naal] deilT
oh
kaay sah then say
a oh
naa!) dear
;
too
om
oh
,,,an
cc
00'
,,,an
naar) dear
mlal] laud
"
dt£
yet
b
om
oh
stay
then
khx.!) dear
laa
ku!), village
euu
,aa
;0
dear
;0
yc,
kOJY careful
d:):l£l1 kaa!) look after house
kO:lY careful
stay
oh
dt£ oh
ku !) village
kaay sah then say
naa!) dear
", not
an
,,,
kaa!) housc )kin)
a
di.
om
distant
,,,an
nO!] only
kaa!) housc )kin)
ooy
dt£
,,-
ttcp
oh
oh
om
grow together
khlin pity
dt£
naa!) dear
kaay sah then say
I;'"
w;"'1 wa examine trap
en -
then pS;,)
d
d
~ 7b6 hoy sah aay hey say
,
s,h "Y
stay
kc-
elephant fall grass
oh
,
"y
Lundström cropped.pdf 215
trade
oh
kx,y far away and 11)
fta!)
skewer
'"
fish
dt£
far away oh
nita!) dear
8/10/05 1:10:49 pm
2<)8
sah "Y
K(lmmll SOllgs
Iii-in trust
y.
c»
ki n
.1
kin
shoul der bag
will
fu ll
110t
full
.ay
pOo1
C.
k;,y
cO
I
trade
far away slowly
(tim
h' -
y'
aJ
shoulder bag
c~ will
10m
trust
fi lled
not
tern filled
lUll
h, -
I»
16k -
hey say
I
then
regret
h;)y sah aay
far away
miat]
KUlj -
city
1I(IIIIe
s.h
aay
I»
I
then
16k lonely
secl
"Y
sah
aay
I»
16k -
h1n
say
I
then
regret
s.h
Oay
I»
16k -
say
I
then
lonely
cuu
!'a
hill
kaay sail
'"
village
then
dear
Lundström cropped.pdf 216
seel
kaa y sah then say
theep
Bangkok
paal)
mlal)
Lam-
city
name Lampang
mlal] city
1I(lI1l/!
mtal] city
1I1IIIle
KUI) -
theep
Bangkok
Sop -
tuuy
Sobtui
~y
8/10/05 1:10:49 pm
S II i I e s
209
Inrerpretation* :
Heey I say, watching a mole-cricket it indeed chirps suddenly. Making a melon-leaf comet the stem remains black, this I say. Oh J say, watching a mole-cricket it indeed chi rps suddenl y. I say, making a melon-leaf cornet the straw remains black.
6d2:13 6d2:2a 6d2:IH 6d2:2a'
Another garland flower leaf, Another garland flower straw, this I say.
6d2:3a 6d2:3a'
Heey I say, I say, I say,
6d2:43 6d2:4b 6d2:4a
I say, hearing anybody's voice makes no differe nce. hearing my frie nds' voices suddenly makes me feel good. hearing anybody's voice makes no difference. hearing my dearests' voices at once makes me feel good, this I say.
Heey I say, sprout with care, look after the bitterness well , I say, sprout wi th care, look after the happiness well . Yellow leaves of the forcst, Yellow leaves on the stones, this I say. Oh J say, don' t let our elephant grass grow till it falls. I say, take good care, look after the village well . I say, take good care, look after the houses well. I say, don ' t let our cogon grass grow till it fall s, Only let our elephant grass grow till it falls, this I say.
6d2:4b' 7cl :Ia 71:1: la' CII/l2:a 7c l :2bl 7c I:l b 7c l:l b' 7cl :2a 7c l :2b'
Heey I say, take good care, look after the vi llage well, I say, take good care, look after the houses well . Don't let our kin grow apart, But let my dear stay in our land. Dear in the village. lady in the village, thi s I say. Oh I say, take good care, look after the houses well. Don't let our kin grow apart, Only let our kin grow closer. Pity oh, dear, this I say.
7c I:l b 7cl : Ib' 7c l :2a' rar
C111I2:3 7c l:l b' 7c l :2a' 7c l :2b'
Heey I say, I search traps and fi sh on skewers. I say, I trade far and faraway. Trusting my shoulder bag will be full , but it's not. I say, I trade far away and s lowly, Trusting my shoulder bag will be fi lled, but it's not, this I say.
7b6:1a 7b6: Ib 7bl:lb 7bl :Ia 7bl: Ib'
Heey I say, I say, I say,
7b6:23 7b6:2a' 7b6:2a 7b6:2a l C12:3
Lundström cropped.pdf 217
I say, I then feel regret in Bangkok town. I then get lonesome in Lampang town. I then feel regret in Bangkok town. I then get lonesome in Sobtui town . Dear in the village, this I say .
8/10/05 1:10:50 pm
210
K(lmmll SOllgs
01.3. Kalil Raw: Thn Yuan, Lllnd, Sweden. c. 1979
P;i<) doy d c.h h<1:an 3<,
If you don' t help me, I will die
I
PO;) phaan () yAA pu uc 3<,
You are servi ng me wine till I die
I
Ta a ffi,J poo ru I] pu UC 3<,
Where d id you make the win e
I
PUUC poo k;)on hlID mian om k<1: 3<6
Your wine is indeed delicious like fish soup
,
I
o p;) mah priim 3<,
I cat prime rice
~y l sa h
pJi:ly
10111 say
lei go
l aa t] lil3rd
sah
plSJy
t ital]
pl6;)y
cOO
phaan
k'i i
l)oy
"Y
not
leI go
I
will
kill
this
oh
sah
pl5Jy
"Y
let go
l iia l) lizard
let go
pl5:ly let go
pl&ly
sah
po,
pl:i>y
aa y
cOO
phaan
dl>-
nx>
ka.ay sah
say
om
let go
I
will
kill
oh
oh
thell say
ec sah
CXlY
naal)
CXlY
oh say
help
friend
help
oh
""y
sah
po,
CXJY
aa y
cOO
haan
k'ii
o.y
say
om
help
I
will
die
this
oh
sah
c:x,y
khiJl)
c""y
say
help
dear
help
'"oh
oh
sah
po,
c::,;,y
nay
co.
haan
dl>-
"Y
"m
help
I
will
die
oh
oh
plaal) silvergrass
1m ,
treem
plaal)
lI a-
yta
kaay gah
eXf! long, finc
si lver-
e.\1! beauty
I 3<' ee siih oh say
POo Y'"
Lundström cropped.pdf 218
o.y
0""
then say
grass
lruuc
I>
yAh
yaan
dl>-
o.y
pull
me
with
bronze drum
oh
oh
8/10/05 1:10:51 pm
S II i I e s siih say
sah
p"
k:x,t) cook
I>
yAh
me
with
p'"
p h aa n kill
I>
yh A
mo
with
yo"
211
ya an bronze drum pu ue wine
say
yo,
sa h say
p'"
p h aa n kill
"
yAA
mah
you
mo
with
food
rem
r-
maal) wealthy
cia ancestry
rwealthy
kaay sah then ~ay
p'"
I ru llc fell
nit) kJ:)I] yellowed cook leaves
rUI) dt.: yellowed oh leaves
p'"
rut) make
pu uc wine
at
lru h s" dow nstream
dmgon
1m balcony
dmgon
wife-givers
I 3<3 hoy sah laa hey say where sah "y
l aa where
sah
P'"
say
sah say
yo"
P'" y"
m;
yO'
m.
yO' k:x,rJ
pUUC
cook
wine
I,.
bee
00
p
p
rU ~ make
wine
"
"'"
kaay sah then say
bC-c
pUUC
p
oh
t aa
maal)
k:':)I]
PUlIC
~k
wine
taas
I .k6 CC sa h oh S.1Y
k0;) i,
kx,n indeed
la m m ia n delicious like
om
prx,k
wop
squirrel
sa h "y
prO wish
m :x,k sister
"
ka a t) house
c:x,y help
sah "y
k"" if
kx,n indeed
lam mi a n delicious like
om wop
lish
rna
I>
mother
my
t aa m
kaat) house
c:x,y help
I""
'til) lean against
1>
fi~ (ree
dt.:
leaf
p.
m ah rice
prtim prime
prO wish
I
my
t aa m
pr -
pr -
n:,,)
oh
y:x,tJ
y:x,t)
dt.: oh
ka
dt.: oh
kaay s:i h then say
.k7
hoy hoy
I>
sah "y
I>
then
Lundström cropped.pdf 219
I""
then
eat
"'"
oh
oh
km -
puul
stomach pai n [?l
plaa meat salad
l raa k buffalo
8/10/05 1:10:51 pm
K(lmmll SOllgs
212
sah say
" I
rem
,,,,
po
plaa
pnirn
plaa
then
eat
meat salad
prime
meat
salad
po
eo'
pnim
km -
prime
stomach pain l'l)
meat salad
maal)
da
,-
maal)
bay sah
oh
ancestry
wealthy
then say
,-
wife-givers
wealthy
pUll!
00
plaa
"""
rhinoceros
Interpretation* : Oh I say, lei go, lizard, let go! I say, if you don 't let go, I will kill you. I say, let go, li zard, lei go! I say, if you don ' t tet go. I will kill you. thi s J say.
3c5: la 3c5:2a 3c5: la 3c5:2a
Oh I say, he lp me, frie nd , help me! I say, if you don ' t help me, I w il l die. Tsay, help me, dear, help me! I say, if you don ' t he lp me, I will die.
3c5: I b 3c5:2a' 3c5: lb 3c5:2a'
Silvergrass so long and fi ne, $i]vcrgrass so beautiful, this I say
C4, C4,
Oh I say, you are pulling me with your bronze drum till I fa ll. I say, you are pu ll ing me with your bronze drum till J boil. I say, yo u are serving me wine ti ll I die. I say, you are serving me food ti ll I die. Wi fe-givers so wealthy. Ancestors so wealthy, this I say.
3c4: la 3c4:1a' 3c4: lb 3c4: Ib' C3a' C4a'
Heey I say, where did you cut the leaves. brew the leaves, oh? I say, where did you make the wine, brew the wine? I say, did you cook it by the Dragon's strea m? I say, did you brew it by the Dragon's porch, this I say?
3c3: la 3c3:1a' 3c3:2a 3c3:2a'
Oh I say, you r wine is indeed delicious like squ irre l soup. I say, J wish my siste r back home could help me. I say, your wine is indeed delicious like fi sh soup. I wish my mothe r back home could help me, thi s I say.
3c6: la 3c6:2a' 3c6:1a' 3c6:2a
Heey. I then lean against the fi::Hree leaf. I say, I then eat prime rice and buffalo meat salad til l I suffocate ! I say, I then eat prime meat salad, prime meat salad, Rhinoceros meat salad ti ll I suffocate ! Wife-givers so wealthy. Ancestors so wealthy, th is I say.
3c7: la 3c7: lb
Lundström cropped.pdf 220
8/10/05 1:10:52 pm
3c7:1b' C3a' C4a'
S II i Ie s
01.4. Kalil Raw: Tfixll Cw.1a, Lllnd. Swedel/.
Skli m;}h mB
l~.
C.
213
1979
wan milan
Today is a good day, a nice day
'"
j
Ta~m I hQ Let us sing
,
hdY suh hey say today ,ah say
,,,""
h:)y sah s hey say today
sah say
,,,""
002
ki i
-,
s-
sah
,,,""
say
mfi do,
cruan
-,
wa n day
"' Ir:') torch
uu l h5::>ffi firebind wood (?J
kl i
m'"
mtt d,y
sS:>k
Tial) way
;s
-,
"'
kli
= k
good
I. good
y;
p ry.:nn
tuul
good
o'd
friends
friends
mti d,y
sS:>k
"'
=k
Tial) way
aay
ha
e-
we
Ict's
sowing
-,
,.
friends
m'" is
today
mua n nice
fi~
uu l h60m firebind wood 11)
"'
tree
I. good
Irlte
am oh
sah say
m~
;,
I. good
I.
mem snare trap
wa n d,y
mli a n nice
r.alJ way
mua n nice
wa n d,y
mem right
t~m
good
r.alJ way
m~l
any
ha
we
Ict's
right
j 6,2 h:)y sah pu ur hey say second burning sah soy
m~y
any
while
we
pa k break
tree
sah say
pu ur second burning
,lay
h;
e-
we
let's
sowing
m~y
aay we
pltk break
p' -
sah say
while
Lundström cropped.pdf 221
p' -
'e m:,):>l
:Iay
h;
we
let's
ttm
Iree
8/10/05 1:10:53 pm
214
K(lmmll SOllgs
,""'"
oay
h;
kn -
sing
'"
Ict's
whistle
m;,oy
oay
ne
101-
while
wo
small
adults
s.h
t~
aay
h;
kn -
"Y
sing
wo
let's
whistle
sah
m ~y while
aay
nf.m
Im-
we
young
adults
h~y snh hey say
sah "Y
say
huu1
aay
h;
wo
let's
aay
h;
wo
let's
pok hUul
pak
Interpretation: Heey J say, today is a good day. a nice day. f say, let us seek the good tree, the rig ht tree. T orches bound together, snare traps bound together.
6al: la 6al:2a C14a:1
Heey J say, today is a good day. a nice day. I say, tel us seek the good way, the right way. Oh, good old frien ds.
C14a:2
I say, today is a good day, a right day. t say, let us seek the good way, the best way.
6a1:2b'
6al: 1a 6aJ:2b
6a 1:1 a
Hccy I say, I say, I say,
J say, let us burn, let us sow, wh ile we stil l break trees, tel us burn, lei us sow, while we st ill cut trees.
6a2:2a'
Heey I say, J say, J say,
J say, let us sing. let us whistle, while we st il l are small. let us sing, let us whi stle, wh ile we still are young.
6a2: lb 6a2:2b 6a2: lb 6a2:2b'
Lundström cropped.pdf 222
6a2: 1a
6a2:2a 6a2: la
8/10/05 1:10:53 pm
S II i t e s
215
01.5. Kalil Raw: Tfixll Yuun !iiI], Lund, Swedell. ca 1979 Y e m aay y et t li a le s Pl)ka Whell close to you I'm shy
9.4
I Pr:S aay ye t nl a m kUI) I wish we co uld li~'e togeth er in th e village
pa
k-
'"
ogg
t61]
tasty
l]a itching
pa
k-
,6 ~
'"
sgg
sn -
w.
tees bittcr
lam tasty
,
yet stay
taa
Ie'
"
d=
aay
-
ye,
,
stay
,,-
?eel)
aay
yeam
I'"
I)a itching
spider
ka embarrassed
when
lam tasty
lam taSty
p~
yem
t heel]
beetle
I'm
yem when
hit -
'" ""m
oh
t ees bittcr kaay then
ka p~ embarrassed taa
dt
"
r"
,,-
b ay then
?eel)
yearn
prJ wish
aay we
p lu t) sprout
d, ruam together sour
oh
p,-o
'ay
p lut) sprout
ruam en together 0
oh
prJ wish
aay
yet stay
ruam kUI) together village
oh
pro wish
auy
ye,
ws
sit
wish
we
ws
Lundström cropped.pdf 223
naal) dear
ruum together
kaat) house
dlx dlx dlx dlx oh
naal) dear
dlx
kh:'l:J1) dear
dlx
cllU dear
dlx oh
cuu dear
kh5:)l) dear
dlx
kh:U1)
oh oh
naal) dear kh:U1) dear
oh dear
8/10/05 1:10:54 pm
K(lmmll SOllgs
216
Interpretation: Beetle eggs taste sour, sour, oh, dear. Spider eggs taste biner, bitter. When close to you I'm shy, I'm shy. When far from you J yearn, I yearn.
9a4: la 934:1a' 9a4: lb 9a4:lb'
I wish we could sprout IOgether bitterly. oh dear, oh dear.
2e2: 13 2e2: la '
I wi sh we CQuld sprout together happily, oh love, oh love. I wi sh we could live together in the village, oh lady, all lady.
I wish we could sit together in the house, oh love. oh love.
Lundström cropped.pdf 224
2e2: lb 2e2:1b'
8/10/05 1:10:54 pm
S II i Ie s
217
0/.6. Kalil Raw: Tfixll Yuan, LUI/d, Swedell. / Pebruary /984
Yem (; tal p;);) dte. sr?eel) P;);) 7.6
When I think of you, oh, lo ng for you
I oC~Q t~am pyoi
7••
I will se nd my so ng
hdY suh yem hey say
when
kree1)
[
tea shade mng away
uu l
sah
" yem
tat
,=
hS:Jtn
firebind wood I?)
say
hi -
aay
dEe
nam]
oh
dear
t r~
uu l
torch
firebind wood I?)
hS:J!n
tr'mm
trCE:1)
kaay s:ih
eleplwlII
then say
grass
I",
dS:J!n
In"ll
en -
then
~
only
wooden needle
(0 hand
kree1)
p::':;. Y'"
",y
hl-
lat
oh
fling away
Ir'mm
when
"
"
I",
d&Jin
n",
en -
then
~
only
wooden needle
,,'"
'?eel)
[
tea shade
,=
"'Y
kiiay sah
oh
then say
tat
dEe
Sf -
oh
lon g
d'>om
n",
mal
'"
only
'""
P::'J
dEe
Sf -
Y'"
oh
lon g
d&Jin
n",
mal
m(1)
=
onl y
moo"
sah
yem
"Y
when
" [
f~[
sah "Y
"
I", then
then
"
dEe
0",
oh
"
,a,
when
f~[
"
I", then
[
yem
kiiay
"
dEe
0"'
oh
p::':;. Y'"
sah
y,
p r~n
tuul
y,
say
friends
gooo friends
old
friends
Lundström cropped.pdf 225
friends
pr~
good friends
"'Y
oh
-,
(61)
0"'
p'xJ Y'"
pr't
00
oh
rtam common
'?eel]
p'xJ Y'"
"'Y oh
ftam common
kwt':cn beloved
b ay s,ih then say
8/10/05 1:10:55 pm
K(lmmll SOllgs
218
I
7d'
0
,
cOo
t;):}ITI
pya
yf..A
h-
will
si ng
send
with
hee
'"
k,>
'Oot
h6p
cuu
let
i<
come
visi t
dear
I>
cOo
t;J;)ITI
py6
yAh
lc-
,,,,,,
will
sing
send
with
b"
koo
kaay
h6p
CO "
i,
come
visi t
dear
h-
pSJl
puur
t"
sOh
1;",
''0' 1:'
yaam "Y
aay
,Oot
my
come
mOh
h' -
is
word
lc -
haay
puur
t,a
sah
pr'ml)
praam
"0'
say
people
speak ill of
10
yaam "Y
kh:J::lt]
,Oot
dear
come
,Oot
aay
dIT
come
"~
oh
,Oot
kho:'J1)
dIT
come
dear
oh
kOo
mOh
h, -
is
word
h-
p~
puur
em -
bu zz
lme evening
p6
an
mlalJ
hm -
make
dear
dream
tl -
haay
k6
b Ul l
k6 em late evening p6
puur
,,,
naa!]
hm -
make
dear
dream
Lundström cropped.pdf 226
speak ill of
buzz.
i<
he,
praam
~y
k ~;)
b",
haay
buzz
i,
b",
prlat] people
pOol
8/10/05 1:10:55 pm
S II i I e s
219
Inrerpretation:
Heey I say, when I' m nung away, oh, tea shade tree, oh dear. Torches bound together, elephant grass bound together, thi s I say. I say, then I only see the wooden needle we have in common , oh, this I say. When I' m nung away. oh, lea shade tree. Then I only sec the wooden need le we have in common, oh.
7d6:13 CI4a CJ4d
7d6:23 7d6:la 7d6:2H
I say. when I think of you, oh, long fo r you, oh, I say, then I only see the the sun we have in common, oh. When I think of you, oh, long for you , oh. Then I only see the moon we have in common. I say, good old friends, Beloved old friends, th is I say.
7d6:23 7d6:2b 7d6:2H 7d6:2b' C[4a ' C[4d'
I will send my song with a bee And make it visit you, dear. I will send my song with a wasp And make it visit you, dear.
7d4:la 7d4: tb 7d4: [a' 7d4: [b'
If a bee buzzes, it' s not that someone spoke ill of you. It is my crying words that come, If a wasp buzzes, it 's not that someone sJX)ke ill of you. It is my cryi ng words that come.
7d4:23 7d4:2b 7d4:2a' 7d4:2b'
The bee that bunes late in the evening, Makes you dream about me, dear, oh. The wasp that buzzes late in the eveni ng, Makes you dream about me, dear, oh.
7d4:3a 7d4:3b 7d4:3a' 7d4:3b'
Lundström cropped.pdf 227
8/10/05 1:10:56 pm
Lundström cropped.pdf 228
8/10/05 1:10:56 pm
D2. Song Exchanges
Lundström cropped.pdf 229
8/10/05 1:10:57 pm
Lundström cropped.pdf 230
8/10/05 1:10:57 pm
Song E xchanges
223
D2a, Kam Raw, Ni'lal} alld DIllen', Lampallg, 11wi/al/d 1974 D2a: I, Kam Raw, Rmcual Village: Teia IJ O, teia PlJka
6n
Don 't be afraid, don ' t be embarrassed
h~y
yX) laa
hey oh
Y"" oh
kh,
taa
km -
0",
c hc;;tnut
0",
rhododendron
uu l
hx.m
me,,"
[niw-ayJ
firebind wood f ?)
snare trap
h;,y YX) taa
raam
taa
hey oh
~sham(.-d
00'
, hy
pr:xxn
luul old
ooy oh
00'
Y'
friends
sO;;.m
pr:xxn
good frie nds
good frie nds
hcc sah t'a hey say
eo,
Y'
friends
""
oh
good frie nds
fri ends
pr:xxn
luul old
kwcrn
pr:xxn
ocloved friends
good friends
ka
luul old
"
good friends
P' -
fri ends
t'a eo,
afraid
P'
p, -
ka
embarrassed
friends
tuul old
{naa-ayJ
IlIferpretatioll* " Hey I say, Don'! be a chestnut, don't be a rhododendron, Oh, snare traps bound togethe r. Hey, don ' t be ashamed, don ' t be embarrassed, Good old friend s, oh, Dear o ld friends, Hey I say, don' t be afraid, don' t be embarrassed, Good old friend s, Beloved old fri ends.
Lundström cropped.pdf 231
6fl :la CI4c:1 6f1: Ib' C14a:2 C 14a:2' 6ft : Ihl C1 4a:2 CI4c:2
8/10/05 1:10:58 pm
224
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2a:2. Ta &en, Kmp:x,] Village:
Cuur muum om Stpuut kh6ol) ;):}Y p
Go dow" and bathe in th e Stpullt water, oh dear
I
K50Y yet. k 60y doom kUI) 7<1
Take good ca re, look after the villa ge we ll
hoy
cuur
hUll!
om
ho,
go down
poIiTOU !
water
Sswallow
?iiI
cuur
hUll! godowrl POUToul S-
kaa
Ia
climb
leaf
om
t -
tuum
water
black nightshade
ka3
klaa!)
climb
Sionc
om
St -
PUll!
water
!lame village
?iii
swallow
cuur muum gouown oolhe
s,
klaa l) stone
criil
om
St -
PUU!
water
/lame vi llage
le stick together
cuur
muum
go <1own bathe
t tuum black nightshade
sa
le Slick together
paa
naal)
,00
dear
paa
mlal)
,00
dear
kho:>1)
;:,oy
dear
oh
""" oh
dear
dear
golden
klaat]
cl'iil
slone
golden
eet
naal)
, 7e l
h;, sah
kx,y
plul)
boy
dOom
he), 5a)'
careful
Sproul
careful
look after sour
""" ;;om
naal]
oh
dear
kny
pJaal]
k~Jy
dOom
careful
silvergrass
careful
look after sour
ku l
'"-
yern
aay
whi le
I
yern
aay
whi le
I
Lundström cropped.pdf 232
eet
oh
naal)
SXlI] mountain peppe r branches tree
'"'
l:bl]
rnial]
go down city. land
tal
tiiu l
~y
south
friend
oh
8/10/05 1:10:59 pm
Song E xchanges
225
Inrerpretation* :
Hey, go down and pour OUlthe nightshade water, dear lady, where the swallows climb the leaves, Go down and pour out the nightshade water, dear lady, where the swallows climb the stones, Go down and bathe in the Stpuut water, oh, dear, where golden stones cl ing to each other. Go down and bathe in the Stpuut water, ah, dear, where golden stones cl ing to each other.
P:la'
P:2H
Hey say, sprout with care, look afte r the bil1emess well, Grow with care, look after the sinews well , While I CUI branc hes from a mountain pepper tree, While I go to a southern town, oh fr iends,
Lundström cropped.pdf 233
P: la
7cl:111 7d :la' I'llr, ,
8/10/05 1:10:59 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
226
D2a:3. Ktew, K ::on HAM Village:
IJ:>
tee wat preu 1aal] yial)
Fearing my black spell will slick 10 you
Q
nay sah n:lal)
kXlO
uik
tm -
Oh say
indeoo
stick to
fireplace
paay
ptal) level.
dte
yO"
side
ra ""Y
oh
oh
hal)
smooth
sah say
sah say
~o fear
tee
wat
e" -
yourself
catch
skewer
mlal] yO"
b m
tak
tm -
indeed
stick 10
fireplace
tce
wat
en -
yourself
cat(;h
skewer
vital)
~o fear
pr:iJk
,a
rial)
paay
pial]
side
level. smooth
prnk
yu
bush squirrel
so h
khnl)
pal
nJ -
en
ca
say
dear
really
round- about
far
far
I] :' fear
tce
wat
P' -
co
yourself
catch
spell
laa!] t
sa h
tm -
pO
AI
ui n
htel
00m
"Y
tree
nO!
yel
weeding oh
fil
tan
1101
yet
ph6~ whirl about
sa h "y
p~t
I)teJ
ri aI)
variable squirrel
becoo p
y'laJ] black
naal) dear
Imerpretation* : Hey say, you are indeed stuck to the fireplace Q:ta Q:lb
on the smooth side, oh, oh .
I say, fcari ng a squirrel skewer will Slick to you. I say, you are indeed stuck to the fire place on the smooth side. oh, oh. I say. do you fear a bush squ irrel skewer will st ick 10 you?
Q:la' Q:lb'
I say, you really take wide ro undabout ways, fearing my black spell will stick to you. I say. the Imp6 tree is not yet weedi ng, oh dear. I say, the soot is not yet whirli ng about.
Lundström cropped.pdf 234
Q:2a Q:2b' 6f6:2a' 6f6:2b'
8/10/05 1:11:00 pm
Song Ex c hanges
227
D2a:4. Naal), MCII] IY-JI. Village:
Naal] rOot mok mial] kli Ibl
You came to this mountain village
I
Thaa cuu caawaa w,};)1 kaay wa w,};)l If you speak or traps, then check your traps
y>oy
naa!]
Hoy
yO"
(ii hit
mok mta!] mountain village
kaay indeed
kha kaay chestnut indeed
y; uu l fireoh wood I?I
t aa from
S
M"" /lame
,-
naam
y,", s:'nm
Ie,
good
torch
(m],1-ay]
friends
mlal)
t'ii hit
mok mtat] mountain village
M ~tn
yO"
kaay indeed
kha kaay chestnut indeed
kmP' rhododendron
naal)
""'I
yO"
come
mok mta!] mountain village
k)i this
kaay indeed
raam kaay P~ embarrassed indeed , hy
y;
prO:m1
ItJul
oh
good
old
friend
friend
~,
afraid
kaay indeed
taa from
prO:m1
kwcrn
old
good
friend
friend
waa
wool trap
kaay then
wa wool examine trap
om
rak dear
{nlia-ay]
kaay indeed
yo friends
I
,wme
ka
{niJa-.1Y}
P~
-
ka
' hy
S
\haa if
c uu dear
ella -
''''''''
en traus lightning-
pUllt cloud
kaay then
wa wool examine 'rnp
en In\ as lightning-
taa
k'ii
sial]
"
here
pi g
Lundström cropped.pdf 235
{n,ia-ay(
m at! rice
oh
filal]
flower
muu! mix
8/10/05 1:11:00 pm
228
Kllmmll SOllgs
k~n
kJi
sia l)
m~
,,"w
ind<x-d
here
pig
rice
nousc--[r~p
Ula
s&>m
from
good
If::' torch
"Ur
fire -
,w,
wood [11
friends
ka3Y
co
pOol
then
like
trade
kaay
pOol
ca
then
trade
t aal) rar away another
""y
pmn
luul
good friend
otd friend
yo oh
(1Iil:! ...JY!
oh
"
we
te
cn
fo,
far away
ca
[...J
(m)i/";JY!
far away
""Y
Iniia-.1yJ
oh
Imerpretation* : y
~y
you bumped into the mou nta in village Mx,1 Indeed you are a chcslnut in the yard, o h good fri ends, lying torches. You bumped into the mounta in v illage Mi'm Indeed you are a chestnut , a rhododend ro n. You comc to thi s mounta in village, indeed embarrassed and shy, o h good fri ends, indeed afraid and shy, all good old frie nds.
lbl: la' 6f1: la ' C 14a
Ibl: la ' 6f1: la Ibl: lb var 6f1: Ib' C 14a
6f1: la
C 14d'
If you speak of traps, the n check your traps by lightni ng clouds, o h dear.
S: la S:lb S:la' S:lb S:2a S:2a' C I4a S:3a S:3b C I4a
Then check your traps by l ightni ng fl owers.
Here the pi gs mix the rice, Indeed here the pigs c heck the tra ps, we are good friends who tie torches. T hen we like to trade faraway, Then we trade in another place, friends oh, good old friend s.
Lundström cropped.pdf 236
8/10/05 1:11:01 pm
229
Song E xchanges
D2a:5. Kam, K mp?xJ1 Vi llage: Tmklih ns: a l) S~ l) ts: an tee I then lea \'e my dea r who loves me
It T
I
Naal) mteo c uu t lial) mial) My 10\'1.' is in another village
U
I
K:h y yet, k60y d50m kUl) Take good care, look after th e \'illage well
"y oh
keey
160
puu
IC -
cock
body
male
crow
160
body
p,n
lee"
lee" kuh
~o
1m -
leave 1m -
kah
leave
ee sa h oh say
p'x>tJ
keey
cock
h'x>tJ
'
fi:);)t
pheeI)
fiee!
sing
roo,
exp $(lund
pr't sun/light will
co.
pu h shine
oh
naal) dear
sOt)
taan love
kh 5;)1] dear
sOt)
who
who
fi :);)I)
e.w S{)I/Iu! continuously
Icc
fieeI)
naal] dear
lee
Ie
my
then
taal] another
leaf
taal] another
n::>m deep valley
l aan love
I U naal] dear
m Een i,
ual] aay garland r flower I?]
naal] dear
mEen i,
ual) aay garland r flower I?]
,I
naal] dear
m Een i,
s5jm dear
t aut] another
mial] village
nilal] dcar
m Een i,
ellU dear
taal] another
mial] village
yem whilc
liiaI)
kil l
11)-
s:);)1]
r
c",
1canilagc treel
taa
"' taa
la
(ml,1-ay/
branches yem whilc
r
mbl] 1'x>tJ go down cityl land
~ 7c1 k:)jy careful
pl ul) sproul
k:by careful
Lundström cropped.pdf 237
laa I)
d5:>m
I,ll south
eet look after sour
aay
dtc
I
oh
/nUa-ay/
8/10/05 1:11:02 pm
230
Kllmmll SOllgs
eel
boy
plaa!)
kS::lY
d'>om
I:areful
silvergrass
c
look after SOUf
k'by
yO<
k'::lY
d'>om
I:areful
slay
c
look after village
k;)::lY
d:):xn
peon
c~,reful
look after
fish basket
k:)::lY
d:):xn
peon
c~,reful
look
fish basket
after
"P"
kUl)
,,*n
m1al]
oh
dC
dS:Jtn
k
ka
" y
fish
I
oh
dt£
"P"
,6oc
kh6::l1)
snail
dear
h00Y oh
nrem
" y
dt£
k::oy
d5:>m
mx,k
,,-
careful
look
sisler
pity
/m),I-ay!
look after house
I
oh
00m oh
dear
after k:)::lY
d5:xn
careful
look
htern ,,younger pity
after
brother
160c
nanl)
{mla-ayJ
Imerprewrion* .' Oh, the cock crows on and on,
TI,
The cock sings on and on, Soon the sun will shine, oh dear. I then leave my dear who loves me. I leave my dear whom I love.
Tt a 1'2, \"{Jr . • .
My dear is my flower by another leaf. My dear is my flower in another valley. M y dear is my sweet in another village. My love is my love in another village, While I cut branches from a cartilage tree, While I go to a southern town.
UI, UI Ulb Ulb l UI, Ul c '
Sprout with care. look after the bitterness well. Grow with care. look after the bitterness well. Take good care. look after the vi llage and the house well . Look after my fi sh basket. oh. Look after my snail basket, oh dear. Look after my poor sister, oh. Look after my poor lillie brother, oh dear.
Lundström cropped.pdf 238
7cl: la 7c1 : la ' 7c1 : Ib Hlr . ..
8/10/05 1:11:02 pm
Song Ex changes
231
D2a:6. Naa l), MCII] IY-JI. Village:
K ooy mAAY khS::>1] Ii al] knn i
v
He careful to remember your dear back here
y~y sah naal)
pin
Hey say
shoot
s'i im bird
ruut pr:S::>k thread up squirrel
0
t au
mlat] country
dear
I
siih say
naal) dear
pin shoot
I>
"
(ml;HIY/
Laos
Sl im bird
paay pr:S::>k thread up squirrel
taa
mlal) eity
t.;,~
at
naal) dear
Laaw
/I(lme
(mb-ay/
city nx,k mlal) foreign land
kuu t enter
rfa airpl ane
bin
pra monk
"'Y
YOt]
oh
mla!] father
n :':Jk (ml;HIY/ fore ign lam]
kx,y careful
ef] mAAY remember
Ihl) ficus
kI -
kx,y careful
ef] mAAY remember
Ihl) ficus
k-
sah
thau if
naU!] dear
rlU airplane
bln
say
boy
kuut enter
back
back
YX>l) swim Uia]] fn;1,h1yJ level ground
careful
naal) mAAY remember
ltat] dear
knnl om direction here
kx,y careful
CUll m AAY remember
liu]) dear
knn'i direction
y~
sf):;.m dear
dear
taun friend
meen
lu u t
CUU
" we
Lundström cropped.pdf 239
sli cluster
'"
dear
rak
"""
oh
taun friend
dear
fn/w-.1Y/
paay cowpea
1-
hee
straw
p/(I/1/
naUI] mAAY remember
liul) dear
knn'i direction here
krx,l]
(mla-ayJ
oh
~n
"d
yAA
kx,y careful
oh
Ix,k
fn.'w-.1y/
8/10/05 1:11:03 pm
232
Kllmmll SOllgs
"""
fiiay
yAh
htcm
oh
brother
lind
sister
k::>:lY
mAAY
knn!
remember
"
lIal)
c~~rcflll
me
direct ion here
m::n
(aay
yAh
hu:m
,~
brother
ood
sister
" we
fil,lil-ilY I
(n;)iI-JIY!
Imerpretation* : Oh, hecyl I say, you shot birds and threaded up squirrels
in the land of Laos.
V:[a
You shot birds and threaded up squirrel s inlhecityorL~J .
V:la'
I say, yo u will go into an ai rplane and be a master in a forei gn count ry, oh, a father in a foreign country. Be careful to remember the fig tree by the water.
V:2a
Be careful to remember the fig tree on the ground, Oh, I say, if you go into the a irplane.
V:2a'
Be careful to remember your dear bac k here, dear friend.
V:2a
Be careful to re member your friend back he re, dear friend . Oh my dear, oh my frie nd.
\'{Jr ...
We are cowpea c luster
and Ihee straw. Be careful to re member your dear bac k here. We are brother and sister. Be careful to re mem ber your dea r bac k here. We are brother and sister. ..
Lundström cropped.pdf 240
V:lb
8/10/05 1:11:03 pm
Song E xchanges
233
D2a:7. Kam Raw: Taa IA A t;}l)nl 612
Don ' t talk like that
hoy hoy
I"
not
I"
"01
hoy hoy
I"
"01
I"
not
hJY hoy
I"
not
I"
not
Lundström cropped.pdf 241
khft
Uta
101] -
think
"01
like that
hSJrn
""y
uul
oh
firelie wood I?]
khfl
taa
I ~J -
think
"01
like thai
""y
n1 mo crossbow
n1
""y
uul
oh
fireoh wood ]?]
khfl think
l a, "01
like thai
00
yo
p r~Jtn
oh
fricnd
togcthcr old friends
s,h
la'
I ~J -
talk
"01
likc that
00
yo
p r:xxn
oh
friend
togcther enjoy
crt
la '
",I
really that
hS:xn
ficus
I ~J -
I" -
"""
uul
oh
firetie wood ]'1]
ooy
uul
oh
firetie wood ]'1]
sOh talk
I"
"01
hS:xn
I~ -
hSJrn
rnren
tic
s n ~rc-trap
{ml;/-iIY/
n1 luu]
n1 kween
{lIim-.7Y/
n.h Ir:, torch
mtBn
{ml,h7y/
snare-trap
n1
like that
yo
prO:>ffi
l uul
friends
good friends
old friends
S;):)m good
friends
prO:>ffi
luul
good friends
old fri ends
{niJa-ay/
8/10/05 1:11:04 pm
234
Kllmmll SOllgs
Interpretation* : Hecy, I say, don't think that way! Oh, we arc bound tightly l ike a cross-bow.
6f2:la'
C I4b 61'2: la'
Don' l thi nk like that ! Oh, we are bound tightly like a snare-trap.
C,"
Hcey, don't think that way! Oh, we are forever good friends.
611: la '
C I4b 61'2: lb
Don' t talk like that! Oh, we are forever true frie nds.
C,"
Heey, do n' t be a fig tree, Oh, we are bound tightly like a to rch . Oh, we are bound tightly like a snare-trap. Don 't talk like that. We are good old friends, true old friends.
Lundström cropped.pdf 242
6f2: la C I4a
C,"
6f2: lb C I4b
8/10/05 1:11:04 pm
Song E xchanges
235
D2b. Kam Raw I Ta Uay, Lund, Sweden 1986 D2b: I. Ta La ay: (; £:> ot mok Mia!] kli
1>,
I ca me to this mountain village
h;,y suh 0 hcy say 1
IIi hit
mok
I>
IIi hit
ml>k
mlal) mountain villagc
MOot
mlal) mountain vil!1lgC
Man naam
name
name
ha hoy
kha il cheslnut
at
s-
oh
counyard
sah say
kh, il chestnut
at oh
km p' rhododendron
ce
kn::ll]
oh
stalk
cc sah oh say
il
kl me sugarc,me
kaay s:ih then say
come
""I
mok mtat] mountain village
k)i this
il
Ia n sit
mok mlat] mountain village
k'ti this
00
kha
il
oh
chestnut
courtyard
00
kha il cheslnut
rhododendron
oh
hi:em nephew
Pi] -
shy
skm -
'"
bay su h thcn say
"
at
'"
{mlil-i/Y/
miam
pO hi:em P' nephew dragon
YOoQ
kaay sah then say
(niw-.1y)
flllclpreration * :
Hey I say, I bumped into the MOot mountain village. I bumped into the Man mountain vil lage, this I say. I say, a chestnut , I am in the courtyard, I say, a chestnut, I am a rhododendron. Stalk of sugar-cane. thi s I say.
la1:la h I : la'
6f1 ': la' 6f1':la ClOa
Oh, I say, I came to th is mountain village. I sit in this mountain village. Oh. a chestnut, I am in the courtyard, Oh. a chestnut, J am a rhododendron. I am embarrassed nephew, dragon nephew, this I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 243
lal :2a lal:2a' 6f1 ': la' 6fl':la CIOa'
8/10/05 1:11:05 pm
236
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2b:2. Kam Raw:
PO :) dot mok k:):} kli lbl
Yo u cam e to this mountain
hoy sah mre
Iii
mok
he)' say
hit
mountain village
taay
Sii -
pau y
uncle
cowpea
ce sah uh say
yO"
'aa 00'
mial)
p;
kM
taa
km -
I:hcstnut
00'
rhododendron
,'a
kh'
,aa
001
chestnut
1101
cc sah
mre
oh say
yO"
''''
mok koo mountain this
come
"y
you
raal) flower
aam
kaay sah then say
(mla-ayJ
yx,1)
p' dragon
'aa
I):' afraid
'aa 00'
,hy
prj -
k,
dcr: ~y oh oh
kUaI]
fial]
k)i
sit
house
hore
th is
,'a
raam
,'a
p~
ashamed
00'
shy
taay
p' -
yJoI)
kaay sah
uncle
dragon
00'
/ni!,hlyj
kll
taay
'en
kaay sah then say
name
uncle
00'
w~y
exp stmight. fine
sah
mre
roa
kn::ll) stalk
"y
sah
M x,t n(lme
-
" (n,l!h1Y/
thell say
Imerpretation* : Hecy, I say, you bumped into the MY.::l1 mountain village, Cowpca uncle, straight-grown stalk. I say, don't be a c hestnut, don' t be a rhododendron. I say, don't be a c hestnut, don' , be an aam-flower, this I say.
6f!: la '
Oh, I say. you bumped into this mou ntain, dragon uncle. Don't be afraid , don't be embarrassed, oh oh. I say, you sit in thi s house. Don 't be ashamed. don't be be embarrassed, Dragon uncle, this I say.
lbl:2a C8, 6f! :2a lbl:2a ' 6fl:2a' C8a
Lundström cropped.pdf 244
lbl: la C8a' 6f]: la
8/10/05 1:11:06 pm
Song E xchanges
237
D2b:3. Ta Laay:
Kla n rl]tool] yim yeer I climbed a staircase wilh red edges hoy hoy
h;,y hoy
sah "y
hoy hoy
pin shoot
pin shoot
X
ll>~
prSok taa squirrel
".
branch
plees hn mulberry low
kyoung
flSom
la leaf
kaay saa then say
prSok squirrel
taa
101] branch
plees hn mulberry luw
ll>~
kaay Saa then say
'"
kyoung
ii6:nl
"
r."t come
mok mta!] mountain village
I>
ten sit
mj.a!] village
I
kian climb
klan climb
branch
k~;)
te
Ie
kli this
;,
kli this
kilay sah Ihen say
6.:11) "1staircase
yl m red
yeer edge
POo
dte
yO'
,h
kdazzle
kSon child
h.shadow
yi m
yaak difficult
tfil
tx.1) "1staircase k0
kha ""y chestnut oh
?aa k
.ed k6::m
child
po km rhododendron
maa l
h.shadow
maa l
""y oh
kilay sah Ihen say
Interpretation*" :
Heey. I shot a squirrel on the mulberry tree's low branch, young leaves, this I say . Heey, I shot a squirrel on the mul berry tree' s low branch, yo ung branch, thi s I say. Say, I came to thi s mountain village, I sit in this vi llage, this I say .
X:la X:la' lal :2a lal:2a'
Heey. I climbed a staircase with rcd edges, oh you, bedazzl ing your shadow. Heey, I climbed a staircase of sh ining red, bedazzl ing your shadow. Chestn ut, oh, rhododendron, oh, this I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 245
X':la X':la' 6fl :Ia
8/10/05 1:11:06 pm
238
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2b:4. Kam Raw:
Poo dot mo k k:) :} kli You came into this house
lhl
hoy sah
mre
Iii
mok
he)' say
yO"
hit
mountain village
ID;)I] stalk
s'ii -
mial)
M x,t n(lme
paay
cowpca
sa h
mre
troop
cr -
yo
I>
dE<
say
you
bump
ph"'l lichen PI
bush
my
oh
leel PI
ki
I>
"'Y
yx,1)
kaay s:ih
leel
in to
soh
mre
troop
cc-
say
yO"
bump
pllllll li chen
my
oh
in to
taay
P' -
uncle
dr;lgon
rnok
(m)iI":IY!
then !:ay
cc sah
mre
,'xx
oh say
you
come
soh "y
mre
ten
kUaI]
sit
house
k~d this
k)i
you
soh "y
mre
troop
pn -
Iru
fieel
yO"
bump
drying-rack
P'"'' fieel
kaay sa h
POO'
then say
fi al) kii mountain direction th is
into
soh "y
mre
troop
,m -
YO"
bump
center of house
laal)
I> my
dE< oh
11I,1a-8Y}
into
Imerpretalion* .' Hcey. I say you bumped into the Mn m ountain village, stalk o f cowpea. I say, you came across my lichen-bush, o h. I say. yo u came across my lichen's stem , oh, D ragon Uncle, th is I say.
l bl: la
C:lla lbl:2a lbl:2a '
C:8a
Oh, I say you came to this mountain . You sit in this house. You came across my poor drying-rack, o h. You came across my poor li ving room, this J say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 246
lbl:lb lbl:lb ' lbl:2b lbl:2b '
8/10/05 1:11:07 pm
239
Song E xchanges
D2b:5. Til Uay:
Ta:a kSOfl dol cle k 4,1
Indeed, do n't exaggel1lte so mueh
I
o hh eew mial) ca knti il) lwaal) I then \'isil a distant land on the far side of heawn P~o
3.1
I
pbaan 0 yAA pil uc 3<4
You a re serving me wine t ill I die
I
kh~e l)
POO kSon
n:} l) mHn
y~o
stefl
You a re a ltogeth er truly masters a nd sirs
2a3
h:)y
laa
k~n
sek
c-
hey
not
indeed
,",
tree
sek
c-
1];'01
'"'
tree
kaay sa-YhA
l);,ol kn -
dar
warm oneself
waar
h,
su nshine hm
{naa-ayJ
then say
h:)y
laa
k6:m
hey
not
indeed
co,
sek
c-
co,
sek
c-
1);'01
tree
11;'01
tree
kn -
laa om
k~n
c501
c-
indeed
flatter
exp beautify
c~1
c-
lek
flatter
exp beautify
embarrassed
c~1
c-
kc-
flatter
exp beautify
respectful
kaay sah
(mla ...1yj
lek
dar
warm oneself
p~
waar
yim
sunshine ,cd
lek -
ka
r.m
tee
c-
self
exp feeling
c-
t+ar
nar
exl' fee ling
then say
hee s,ih hey say
I
" I
331
I
Lundström cropped.pdf 247
reel)
pluu
meet
betclleaf hundred
fence
,-
haal]
pat
sm c ut aslant
bamboo
"
r:,oy
p\p
r:,oy
p\p
pluu
meet
betel leaf hundred
reel) fence
8/10/05 1:11:07 pm
240
Kllmmll SOllgs
,-
haaJ]
TX.y
pip
cC~
meet
surround hundred
II -
sm cuI
bamboo
w~
IUU
pOo
dt£
gale
you
oh
I-
meet
I 3<,
eel]
r:x:,y
tuu
pOo
SlllTQUnd
hundred
gate
yO"
1m -
pat
I-
waal)
heaven
yhA
ya3n
wilh
bronze drum
[... )
pOo
lru uc
haa say
you
pull
m,
pOo
! TU Ue pull
aay
YAA
yO"
me
wilh
,
'''
mok
mt al)
come
mount11in village
aay
Ian
mok
I
sit
mountain village
sOh
aay
kaay s
running through
haa sah
say
waal) heaven
higher than
(pi p]
p~
~slanl
aay
mtal)
yaan bron ze drum
kl l th is k~:)
k'ii
th is
pOo
phaan
aay
yAh
puue
Y'"
kill
m,
wilh
wine
pOo
phaan
aay
yAh
mah
kaay sah
y'"
kill
mo
with
food
then say
haa sah puuc
Hiln
pOo
100
r~y
km -
haa say
delicious your
here oh
nool
llIash
t~
TXlY
hm-
here oh
11001
'silver film'
wine
pOo
mah
lam
food
delicious your
!m),I-ay!
then say
{mla-ayJ
fiiih flik
[aleurone layer of rice]
I
233
sa h
Ik -
say
e.>.p crowd
lk -
ptk
(TUU m
aan raw
klcr:1) only
yt.A
phHn
yAh
haa
yAh
din
with
clfeloth
with
oh
with
lead
plk
kn -
truum
aafi
de~
mw
only
exp crowd
Lundström cropped.pdf 248
kn under
under
yAh
phaay
[cun [
kaay sah
with
cotton
lead
the n say
{n.'W-,lY/
8/10/05 1:11:08 pm
Song E xchanges
haa s:ih lfihaa say
kaa fi
exp many
kn -
t ru um
under
phiin
yAA
phtcn
{-{{cloth
with
turban
sah
In -
kaan
kn -
say
exp many
plk
241
etc,
roolbeam unly
t ruum
under
plk
kltel)
roolbeam on ly
,at
yAA
nan
kaay sah
lille
"d
lille
then say
{n;I;HIY/
Interpretation '" .'
Hey, indeed, don ' t cut the cl)'Xll-tree, the CI):x,I-tree in the hoi sunshine, this I say. Hey, indeed, don 't cut the CI)'XlI-tree, the cl):x,l-tree in the red sunset.
4al: la'
Indeed, don 't exaggerate so much, exaggerate so muc h that I feci e mbarrassed, exaggerate so muc h that I feel un worthy, this I say.
431: Ib 4a l : Ib'
4al :Ia
Hey, I say, I meet a hundred betel leaves, a fe nce of bamboo CUI aslant. I meet a hundred bctcllcaves, a fen ce of pointed bamboo. I meet a surrounding fence wi th a hundred gales, oh, reaching through heaven . I meet a surrounding fence with a hundred gates, oh, passing through heaven, th is I say.
331 :2a 3a l :2a'
331:2b 3a l :2b'
Hey, I say, you arc pu lling me with your bronze drum till I fa ll . You arc pulling me with yo ur bronze drum till I fall. I say. I came to this mountain village, I sit in this mountain village.
3c4:la 3c4:la lal Ib lal : Ib
Hey, I say, you arc serving me wine ti ll I die. You are serv ing me food till I die, th is I say. Hey, your wine is delicious, oh , with mash float ing. Your food is delicious. oh, with sil ver film fl oating.
3c4:lb 3e4: la ' I"lIr ...
I say, the re are many under the raw meat with clothes, oh , of lead. There arc many under the raw meat with clothes of Colton. Hey, I say, there are many under the roo~am with only the fi nest turbans. I say. there are many unde r the roofbeam, only masters and s irs, this I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 249
elmr
2a3: Ib
8/10/05 1:11:08 pm
242
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2b:6. Kam Raw:
PO:) dot mok k:):} kli You cam e to this mountain
I
o l;}~ poi YAA
Ibl
tal] po::> mah
Il hcn hll\"c nothing to sene you
"<3
mee
[(ii]
mok
hey say
'0'
hit
mountain direction
ffiok nal) Man mountain direction n(lme
h ~y
sah
flal)
MOot name
sah
mee
Iii
"y
yo,
hit
sah
0
YAA
klan
mee
y a~
'"
I""
pO
I
then
nothing
witll
'"
yo,
piece I?J
sah
10
iool
klah
mee
mah
"y
I
then
'"'
you
food
so-
tree
t -
lx.y y at) piece J?J
I
.<3
put together
sah "y
[0
sah
[0
'"
loo}
pO
yAh
klah
mee
then
nothing
with
'"
yo,
\001
kh't h
mah
then
'"
you
food
so-
Iree
It banana
l?x>y l
k~;}
k'l i
put together
I
banana
mee
r'xJ<
mok
oh say
'0'
come
mountain Ihis
kaal] house
this
sah
mee
te n
"y
y"
sit
sah
0
say
.<3
I"" I""
then
" I
then
h~
-
" I
Lundström cropped.pdf 250
I""
then
k~d
kii
pO
YAA
nothing
witll
tal) serve
Uil)
p"
mah
~~,
you
food
pe-
kec
boy
mee
mah
'0'
food
only
millet
sa h "y
{mlil-ily}
thcn say
Ibt
ee sah
I
kaay sah
pO
yAh
tal)
mee
mah
nothing
with
~NO
yo,
food
8/10/05 1:11:09 pm
Song Ex c hanges
siih
I>
say
h, -
kaam
rice chaff
[", then
la,
m<e
mah
serve
yoo
food
pc-
kcc
bare. onl y
cc sah
yo
oh say
uncle [?J uncle
taay
""
oh
kaay sah
243
(lI!h·uyJ
then say
pI -
Y)::JI)
dmgon
Y""
oh
hecm
pI -
younger brother
dmgon
kaay sah
YX>I)
{1I!l:i-uyJ
then say
Interpreratioll* :
Heey, I say, you bumped into the M:ut mountain village. I say. you bumped into the Man mountain. I say, I then have nothing to cut you, so I then cut you and line up plain banana. I say, I then have nothing to cut you, so I then cut you and line up plain banana, this I say .
Ibl :Ia lbl: la ' 4<:3:la 4c3:2a 4c3:la 4c3:2a'
Oh, you came to this mountain. I say, you sit in this house. I then have nothing to serve you, so I serve you on ly mi llet. I then have nothing to serve you , so I serve you on ly rice chaff, th is I say. Oh, dragon uncle, dragon younger brother, th is I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 251
Ibl:lb
Ib t:l b' 4c3: Ib 4c3:2b 4<:3: Ib 4c3:2b'
C:8a'
8/10/05 1:11:10 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
244
D2b:7. Ta Utay:
o f ;>OI mok mia!] kli la l '
I came to this mountain " ill age P;i~
I
d;)y (,
c~~
haan 3<,'
If you don't help me, I will die h ~y
'en
sah 0
hey say
,
sit
mta!] village
k~;)
k'il
i,
th is
",
ffiok k~d mountain it
kl i
come
hoy
,\
hy.:ln
tii
taa
mok
hoy
never
bum p into
"
moull tain it
tii
r~')(
,\
hy.:ln
never
,-
Iii bump into
"'"
grow
b y sah aay hey say
I
thi s
"
mouli tain it
kii
taa
mok
"
mouli tain grow
-l yam
chin
kiiay sah
y"
free
then say
oh
today
pOx
xm
bamboo
grow
",.,
,,,,.
mok
k~;)
come
mountain it
mta!]
k~d
kl i
v ill age
th is
,aay
\"" then
"Uta
oomo
16x
Jx,n
ptm
long
ridge
beautiful
",.,
hcrm
p~
-
k:1
younger
shy
""
mah rice
p'x>
tSx
l ~n
'0
mountain your
long
ridge
lx>n
kiiay sah
ridge
then say
""y
hITm
oh
younger dragon
mok
p' -
Y)::ll)
brother
p'x> your
\""
then
po
mah
p'x>
COl
rice
your
then
ee sah
SXlk
0
oh say
~ck
mc
'e
Lundström cropped.pdf 252
pOx bamboo
thi s
len
rx.t
xm
0
kii
sit
C"'
An
mok
aay
I
0
taa
I
po
k""
""
bump into
brother
sah "Y
k""
'0'
\""
hooy
hm -
oh
unable to swallow
fiaak
f1ik
hooy
hm -
oh
unable to swallow
r~y
wa
my
hundred
chase [?[ hundred
ki\.ay sah then say
WOI)
oil
8/10/05 1:11:10 pm
Song E xchanges
°m,
te ro,
'Ooy
~,k
I>
te ro<
YOI) father
exp
te to<
rna
11 -
mother
exp
dam indeed
c;,
han n die
s5:>k
sOh
s5;;.k
say
~,k
m,
sah say
s5;;.k
il
~,k
m,
P""
cOoy
""'
help
245
wa r?:I:>y woq hundred chase PI hundred 'if
will
suI
tl -
high suI high
cx.y help
oh
CJ;;'y help
oh
h" h"
kaay sah then ~ay
Interpretation '" .' Oh say, J sit in this vi llage here. I came to th is mountain here. Oh, I never bumped into the ~t mountain. Oh, I never bumped into the An mountain. Today I bumped into the mountain where bamboo grows, where bamboo grows and a lso chla-tree, this 1 say.
1a 1:2a' lal :2a
lal':la lal ': la' lal':la lal ': la'
Oh say, J come to this moun tai n here. I si t in this vi llage here. I then come to your long mountai n ridge, the long and also beaut iful ridge. this I say. Younger brothe r, r am shy. oh Dragon younger brother . I say, I eat your rice, oh, till I can't swallow more . I say, I em your rice, oh, till I suffocate, thi s I say . Oh, I say, I look for a hund red game, a hundred prey. I look for a hundred game, a hundred prey. I say, I look for my esteemed father to help me, oh . I say. I look for my esteemed mother to help me, oh . If I don't get help I will certainly die . th is I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 253
lal :2a 1a 1:2a' lal':2a
lal':2b CIOa' 3c5':la
3c5': la' 3c5':la 3c5':la 3c5':2a 3c5':2a' 3c5: lb
8/10/05 1:11:11 pm
246
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2b:8. Kam Raw:
Hual] me e khn taa su T he word has spread that YOII were climbi ng up from below
Ib'
I
Prla l) )AA P;) ;) pe n Cia!] 2. 1
It is said th at you are C' a l)
I
Prl a l} hu a l} mee kIt a
mak, kif a fit al)
T hey say you travel far and wide
8bl
h:)y sah prml)
hua!)
m>e
yu
hey say
" rumour
Y'"
b/IJ'h
puay
people
kr;':J1)
sii -
stalk
cowpea
m>e
sah
prJaI)
hum]
say
people
v rumour you
k-
1 6~
ogg
'"
oh
k6::m
hua!]
m>e
people
l' mmour
Y'"
sah
yu
taa
yian
say
bllsh
"'
villc
k-
161]
sah "Y
egg
hn;
yu hllJli
yo
laa
ytan
dre
"'
.";'Ie
oh
taa
yian
"'
ville
l UllS
friends
grasshopper
y"
taa
ytan
"'
'";'!e
bush
pi;'
kaay sah
gra.ulropper
[he ll say
(n.'w-,1yj
ee sah
kxm
hua!]
m>e
kian
taa
su
dre
oh say
peop le
I' TUmour
Y'"
climb
oh
kia n
taa
su
"'
below
t~ v sound
b
mooy
mOl]
'"'
mouth
below
climb
"
sah
kS;:m
hUal)
m>e
kl an
taa
su
"Y
peop le
v TUmour
Y'"
climb
"
below
kia n
taa
S" below
to-
nms
l' sound
climb
"'
kauy sah
mooy
mOl)
one
mouth
""y
oh
{njj
then say Ihay sah pt'mlJ hey say people
Lundström cropped.pdf 254
huatJ
mee
v rumour you
kr:':)1)
s'i i -
stalk
cowpea
.,eo =
p'>o free
paay IropS, SlarlS orer
I
8/10/05 1:11:11 pm
Song E xchanges ~ 2a l
pen
people
khiat] dig
mOe
hey ~ay
yO'
lire
sah
prInt] people
khiat] dig
mOe
~ay
yO'
ee sa h uh say
prlat) people
Itt
mOe
pen
~y
yO"
,re
taay uncle
P' -
y:'l;:lt]
dragon
h~y sah prInt)
sah say
pimt) people
It.A
p'>o
~y
yoo
~ IIbl
mit gunpowder
dt£
;,;,y
oh
oh
pen
p'>o
lire
free
kaay sah then ~ay
pen ,re
kaay sa h aat) lm ytholo- then say gical hero]
pt."Ople
hua t] mOe I' rumour yO'
~] 1:Xl1 digger hornet [?]
sah
prlat) people
hua t] mOe v Tumour yO'
klam carry
ki'iay s:i h then say
(m}a-ay/
say
CC s:i h oh S.1Y
mOe
'>0,
klx.1
Y"O
bring
tr ee
sah
"Y
Ooq- 1:Xl1 digger hornet ['II
sah "y
prInt] people
huat) mOe l' rumQur yoo
klam c'rry
mOe
'm
klx.1
aay
bring
!ree
my
,00
;,;,y oh
pS;:lIpx.t] barred owlet ['!]
sah
pimt) people
say
sah
mOe
say
you
Lundström cropped.pdf 255
;,;,y
oh
hUa t) mOe v Tumour yoo
"'bring "
{niJa-ay}
oh
XlI] 1'>01 di gger hurnet PI
klam carry
saw
luu
b6;
;,;,y
bulge
p
oh
klam carry
fin saw
cOh harvest pole
;,;,y
fi,
Ooq- 1:Xl1 digger hornet ['II c6h harvest pol,
b&>
too
p
p
klia travel
m'tat) ci ty
,'>01
b&>
"'ck
p
100 P
lXlI] along
/i,,}a-ay/
ki'iay s:i h then say
ee sa h oh say
"
my
{mla-.1y}
aat) dt£ [m ythu lu- uh gical hero]
hey say
h~y sah prInt]
247
elJU love
pS::lI pS;:lt] barred owlet ['I] klia travel
"
my
mok land
8/10/05 1:11:12 pm
248
Kllmmll SOllgs
kaay s:ih
/m)il-ay}
thell say
CC sah oh say
p :).:)! p :):)!) bHrred owlet I?I
ooy
p::x:.! -
oh
b1lrrcd owlet 111
mOo
klia
mok
klia
mial)
travel
land
travel
city
btc
too
sa h
prtal)
huul)
say
peop le
l' rtJmour y'"
mOo
'w
kh:J::lt]
you
bring
dear
kaay s:ih
p::x:.1)
" ,"" my
back
p
/m)i1-ay!
then say
fnrerpreration* :
Hecy J say. the word has spread that your shrubbery of yian-v inc,
1b4: la C8a' lb4:tll 1b4:2a 1b4: ta
stalk of cowpea.
I say, the word has spread that your shrubbery o f yi an-vine, Had eggs of the, oh friends, luuS grasshopper. I say, the word has spread thai your shrubbery o f yhn-vi ne, I say, friends, your shrubbery of yhn-vine had eggs oflhe plo grasshopper, this I say.
1b4:2a '
Oh I say, the word has spread that you're cl imbing up from below, oh, Climbing up from be low, echoi ng as i f from onc mouth. I say, the word has spread that you're climbing up from below, Climbing up from be low, resounding as if from one mouth, thus I say.
1b4:1b lb4:2b lb4:tb lb4:2b '
[Heey J say. people say thaI you are p:x>-trce, Stalk of cowpea...
[2al:2b,2a CSa' l
Heey J say. it is unearthed that you are gunpowder, oh . J say, it is unearthed that you are a p:x>-trce, th is J say. Oh r say, it is said that you arc Cial], oh . dragon uncle. r say, it is rumoured that you are Cial) , this J say .
2al:2a ' 2al:2a 2al:2b C8a' 2al:2b '
Hey I say, people say you are that hornet, oh , hornet. I say, they say you carry a harvest pole and saw, th is I say. Oh I say, will you bring my bulgi ng kI5:)1-plant? I say, ho rnet, oh, ho rnet. r say, they say you carry a harvest pole and saw, th is I say. I say, will you bri ng my kI5::lt-plant along? This J say,
!!bl: ta !!bl:2a 8bl:3a 8bl: la !!bl:2a !!bl :3a '
Oh r say, owlet. oh, owlet. I say, they say you travel far and wide. I say, wi ll you bri ng my sweetheart back? This I say. Oh r say, owlet. oh, owlet. I say, they say you travel far and wide. I say, will you bri ng my dearest back? T his I say.
8bl: lb !!b1:2b !!b1:3b 8bl: lb 8bl:2b 8bl:3b l
Lundström cropped.pdf 256
8/10/05 1:11:13 pm
249
Song E xchanges
D2b:9. Til Uay: Odot mok mial] kli lal '
I came to this m ountai n village
I
Taa k:Son dol clek 4al '
Indeed, don't exaggerate so much
I
Preey mee tal] k:}oy
rnl
mok
I
come
mountilin it
aay r
Icn
mial]
k;,o
k)i
kaay su h
sit
village
i,
th is
then say
iiay r
l~
yer
kl -
ct
then
be<:ome
black bulbul
aay r
rnl
mok
mhl]
come
mountain village
aay r
ICn
mial]
k~;:)
kJi
kaay su h
si t
village
it
th is
then say
aay r
l~
yer
kI-
ct
then
be<:ome
black bulbul
[aay r
l;x,
yer
kI-
then
b
black bulbul
iiay r
l~
yer
[ki -
then
be<:ome
black bulbul
khSoy
ct
klum
om
servant
Loo
corry
wmer
h.,y suh aay hey say
sOh say
sah say
sah say
Y
aay r
I",
th is
kom
pl:'oy
carry
burnt leaf
hi th is
ct ct _
kom
?yua
kaay suh
carry
tobacco
then say
kom
pl:cy",
carry
burnt leaf
kS:)J1
cl: ___
child
Loo)
)
yer
khS:>y
cC ___
I]lm
om
kliay su h
become
servant
Lao,
dive
water
then say
I]~nl
"'Y oh
krx,1]
,,-
stalk
bl/slr
~n oh
dear
waar
ha
h.,y sah
I la,
kx,n
sck
c-
hey say
not
indeed
cm
free
lao
kx,1l
sck
c-
om
indeed
'"'
free
sCk
c-
~ "'I
'"'
free
sek ,m
c-
Lundström cropped.pdf 257
kJi
4al'
/fee
kn -
1]:':>1 dar
get warm
I]x,l
kn get warm
mITn
Ilaal]
sunsh ine hm
dar
waar
yim
sunshine red
kaay sah then say
8/10/05 1:11:13 pm
250
Kllmmll SOllgs
h::JY siih taa
b m
en]
c-
hey say
00'
indeed
flauer
exp beautify
" a om
k5~n
c~1
c-
indeed
f1auer
c).p beautify
sah
cOol
c-
10k
PD-
say
nailer
e:rp beautify
10k 10k ka cmbar-
am
kh SJI]
oh
dear
am
laa !) friend
oh
S:x')i ar exp feeling
rasscd
cOol
c-
nailer
exp beautify
rcspc<:t ful
hITm
P' -
y:x:,tJ
nephew
dragon
10k
kftay s:ih
h-
r.m
S;x'l-
far
exp feeling
hCan
PD-
nephew
cmbarrdsscd
ka
!m)i1-ay!
then say
I
y
h::JY sah clip hey say
lip
place
Sii -
laa -
Inee
dIT oh
I~J indt:ed
" h
you
maa
voice
s, h "Y
maa r
k:l:lt] cook
salt
fiaaw
mCe
kS::m
sa h
fiaaw -
your
indeed
s..y
exp lung.
101)
k::K>Y
ah
then
have
rx,y 120
saaw
indeed
mCc Y'"
101)
ko:)y
ah
rx,y -
sip
indeed
then
have
tlO
sip to
101)
ko:)y
peey
indeed
thell
go
hla bo"
(01)
k'Y.>y
pCey
5 limes
si p to
indeed
thell
go
hia bo"
luuk -
Siik
hold
k5:)t] tobacco pipe
baaw
hoy sah Sri 4 times
h,a
pupil
luuk -
no:)!)
subordinate
laal)
k'Y.>y
dear
indeed
soh "Y
k60p
b ay sah then say
naa
00m
kh5:)1)
next
oh
"""
1<11) behind
kh5:J!)
b;)y
,'h
cap
?yaa
hold
indeed
~y
hold
tobacco
ko:)y
,'h
k60p
kS:)1)
pupil
indeed
~y
hold
tobacco pipe
luuk - no:)!) subordi n3lc
c'p
khan
mauk
b:Jy
tooy
kn -
hold
tobacco tray
then
follow
behind
khS:Jl)
taan
kaay sah
dear
dear
then say
hl uk -
Lundström cropped.pdf 258
Siik
ricey big
mCc Y'"
precy helpers
men
hey say
~Y
ni
8/10/05 1:11:14 pm
Song E xchanges
251
Inrerpretation* :
Oh say, I camc to this mountain here. I sit in this village here, thi s I say. I say, I then became a bulbul carrying a burnt leaf. I came to th is village here. I sit in thi s vi llage here, this I say. I say, I then became a bulbul carrying a tobacco leaf. I the n became a Laotian servant carrying water. I became a Laotian servant divi ng in the water.
lal :23 lal:2a '
Oh say, indeed don ' t e ut the el) ~d-tree , oh, snnccn stalk. Indeed don ' t c ut the cI)Xll-tree, oh dear, Cut the cl)XlI-tree in the hot sunshine, Cut the cl)XlI-tree in the red sunshine.
4al ' 4a l l 4al :la 4al: la '
Oh say, indeed don ' t e xaggerate so much, oh dear. Indeed don ' t exaggerate so much, oh dear. You exaggerate so muc h that I feel embarrassed and uneasy. You exaggerate so muc h that I feel respectful and unworthy. Dragon nephew, I am e mbarrassed, nephew, thi s I say.
4al :23 4a l :2a' ClOa l
X:IH lal :2a lal: 2a'
X:ta' X:lb X:l b'
,., 4al
y
Oh I say, in your place, oh indeed I say, salt is cooked. Your voice, indeed I say, is loud and resounding. I say, you surely must have 120 helpers. You surely must have 110 men , this I say.
\"(Ir •••
Oh I say, you then surely must have fou r limes ten boats following , oh dear, then surely must have five times ten boats coming. Pupil s, indeed I say, bring you your pipe, dear friend . Subjects. indeed I say. bring you your tobacco. dear friend. Pupil s, indeed I say, bring you your pipe. Subjects then follow behind carrying the tobacco tray, dear friend, th is I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 259
8/10/05 1:11:14 pm
252
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2b: 10. Kam Raw:
Prt al) htl al) m ee n;}:}I] prw:.J :}y t :) k 2,2
People say that you know mo rc than oth ers
I
K:);)y s5;)n 0 s5;)1) pat, sa am pa t 2, )
Just teach me two or thret' times h~y
mee
p~k
p' -
~y
y'"
pass
higher than
krOJI)
Sii -
paay
stalk
cowpea
gah pila!]
hey say
people
hUal)
Ja
s'ii -
leaf
cowpea
~ lei
ee sah
kO::lY
pat
oh say
careful
e",
sah
'" "
"s
w~y
paay
;oy kl~J clepsydra oh kiiay sah then say
"
sx,1)
6:)0
sa am
to;)n
dE<
;oy
me
tWO
elf
three
oh
oh
m.
"'-
mUll
mian
pOo
like
yo,
yer
c-
]"
me
bc<:ome
vine
(sS:m) teach
co,
pat
"
s6:31) two
6:>n
saum
me
"
yec
c-
m~
cc-
lOoY
become
cope
sah
k~y
say
careful
sah
ao
"s
]"
me
kaay sah
millie
three
ville
6::m
mian
pOo
like
yo,
!mla-oy!
then say
+1a2
ee sah
pt'JaI)
huat]
00
mee
n~]
p' -
oh say
people
~y
oh
you
know
hi gher than
sah
pt'1U1)
hUal)
w~y
"y
people
~y
sah
kOoY
sxm
say
careful
sa h say
an
sah
prlat) people
h ual)
mee
"Y
~y
yo,
sah say
k:ny careful
SXln teach
+ lei
]"
mee
kCI)
p' -
yo,
clever
higher than
"
SXlI)
pal
suam
pal
leach
me
twO
time
"
yef become
naay ~ teacher
f:ny
'"= ,-
time
p' -
w~y
pr'ml)
me
b
kaay sa h then say
Lundström cropped.pdf 260
w;oy
me
"""-l know
more than
S:Xlt) two
pal time
'ru,
I ~k most
pr'laJ]
people
m. people
silam three
piH time
{n.'m-ay/
8/10/05 1:11:15 pm
Song Ex c hanges
ee sah uh say
,,,an
I>
yh
naay -
m,
brtum,
lcaeher
sah
taay
P' -
I say
unele
dragon
'OoY
253
mian
POo
dre
Ooy
like
YO"
oh
oh
y:x,1)
Imerpretation*:
Hey I say, people say thaI you pass higher than the clepsydras, oh . Stalk of cowpea, leaf of cowpea, this I say. Oh I say, just cut me two or three bits, oh. I say, let me become an ttmuu-v ine like you . I say, just cut me two or three bits. I say, let me become a crlx.y-v ine like you, thi s I say.
2a2:la C8a.b 2e l:J11 2e l :2a 2cl :Ja 2e l :2a'
Oh I say, people say that you know more than others. I say. people say that you are greater than others. I say, j ust teach me two or three times. I say, let me become a true master. I say, people say that you know more than others. I say, just teach me two or three limes, this I say . Oh I say, leI me become a true master like you, oh. I say, dragon uncle ...
2a2: Ib 2a2: Ib ' 2el: lb 2eJ:2b 2a2: Ib 2el: Ib 2el:2b
Lundström cropped.pdf 261
C8
8/10/05 1:11:16 pm
254
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2b: I I . Ta Laay:
o bon pi p kh:Sol] t a:a l]
mia l) Z
I indeed meet my fri end in a fo reign co untry
hoy sah sn hey say
[ooy
sn -
k~y
".
gourd
p-
kcr
mooy
pffm
one
basket of rice-seed the ll say
haa
eel
db:
sour
"d
hsweet
[ooy
kooy
p-
Ri m
".
pic Jr/li
kaay sah
oh
gourd
kJ::lY then
nlm
Icnnitc hill
Icnnite hill
O.
db: and
k~:)y
pic
then
fmil
?y "~
mooy
ptcm
0"'
basket of rice-seed
cal)
db:
h-
00",
"d
sweet
"
k:X>R
plp
kh:X>1)
laal)
mta!]
tee
nee
I
indeed
meet
dear
anoth er
country
my
oh I?]
pfla
db:
tm -
set
1m shining
sSJI)
db:
beau ti ful " d
I>
pha
shining
?ia
db: and
oh
kXlR
pIp
khS;)l)
tam]
!ntal]
tee
nee
indeed
m~'
dear
another
country
my
oh
tm -
50t
db:
kaay sa h
oh
then say
db:
beautiful ,"d
shining
r!J
Inrerpreration* :
Oh I say, a gourd on a lennite hi ll with fru it, a basketful of rice seed, this I say. oh, both sour and sweet. A gourd on a termite hill with fruit, a basketful of rice, both bitter and sweet
Z:la' Z:lb'
I indeed meet my friend in a fore ign cou ntry, oh, Both beautifu l and shining, g littering I indeed meet my friend in a fore ign country, o h, Both beautifu l and glow ing, this I say
Z:2a Z:2b Z:2a Z:2b'
Lundström cropped.pdf 262
Z:la Z:lb
8/10/05 1:11:17 pm
Song E xchanges
255
02e. Kam Raw / LCcrj 'YSaQ, Vientiane, Laos, /8January 1996 D2e : ]. Kam Raw:
o1 come rOol mok k:)3 kli to this mount ain ,
1>,
I
Aay koon r:>ot ten taa tlm:>ol) I)OOp kIter
'"'
1 indeed squalled down outside the village, ()e('ping in
,
""Y oh
raal) nower
aam
luk -
lun
phaay cotton
h3Y sah kha 1> hey ~ay chestnut phaay eottOIl
be"
1>
""Y oh
luk sash [?I
IITn
hay sah then say
k'ti this
""Y oh
/lome
hee sah 0 hey say
rii hit
tnOk mla t) mountai n country
MOot
sah "Y
0 r
rii hit
mok ml al) mountain cou ntry
Man nome
k'ii this
""Y oh
khun misters
t~ -
Jaa y
sten sirs
t ~1) -
Jaay
all of you
I
00
all of you
oh
kaay sa h then say
(naa-ay)
l a3
hee sah 1> hey say r
hal weed
prec t l aa carpctgrass
sah
hal weed
pm-I
say
0 r
l aa earpctgrass
kaay sa h then say
0 h3Y s ah rilam hey say em barrassed I khun misters
I 101 hee sah s hey say today s ah
s-
"Y
today
Lundström cropped.pdf 263
nome
/n,';,h1y)
t~ -
kli this
" 11 -
"'
m?x>1) htel outskins w=l
hoop gather
m?x>t) htd outskins w=l
0
en
(naa--ay)
""Y oh Ma y
all of you
k'ii
II -
I> 1>
I
p~
-
kfl
I>
""Y oh
I~ -
k'iay
k21a y sa h then say
mok mountain this
'hy s ten sirs
all of you
I""
lOot
00
then
come
oh
I""
len sit
00
the n
oh
mial) land
fni!'NlY)
k""
k'ii here
k""
k'ii
this
h,~
8/10/05 1:11:17 pm
256
Kllmmll SOllgs
I
sah
0
say
1
sa h
I>
I.,
say
,'xx
tcn
t"
tl -
come
~ it
"
o utskirts
,'xx
DOOP
taa
tl -
come
squal
"
outskirts
kauy sah
m'Xll)
m'x>lj
tcn
kIter
s it
peep
DOOP
kIter
squal
!"'P
(mla-ayJ
then S1IY
hce sah kXlfl
p~
mo
s,h
rtal) tree
fuul
sah
r+al] -
raw
say
free
hey say
indeed
sah
k~n
indl.TIl
P""
mo
say
nobody
raam
I>
~y
p, -
k.
t
oh
shy
nobody
cmbarras>Cd
~y
kaay sah then say
{mill-ay}
hce sah 0
,'xx
len
taa
tl -
hey say
1
come
s it
s,h
0
,'xx
"
outskirts
IlOoP
t"
tl -
say
1
come
s it
"'
o lltskirt s
mo
s'h
I>
dec
~y
oh
oh
dec oh
m'XlI)
rnxlIJ
tco
klb::r
s it
""'P
[lOOP
kIm
squat
peep
kaay s:ih then say
k6.Jn
s'h
pO
indeed
~y
nobody
kx m
sah
po
indeed
~y
nobody
kaay sah
kuut come in
kffal)
sah
kh:iw
klla!)
~y
CQm e in
~y
mo {n:)a-ay}
then say
Lundström cropped.pdf 264
8/10/05 1:11:18 pm
Song E xchanges
257
Inrerpretation* : Oh, I say, I am a chestnut, oh, I am an aam-fl ower, oh. Pl aited cotton be lt , braided cotton sash, this I say. Oh, I say , I bumped into the M~ mountain village, oh. I say, I bumped into the Man mountain village, oh . You are all Mi sters, oh, you are all Sirs, this I say. Oh, I say . I weeded caJ1X:tgrass outside the village, gathering it. I say, I weeded carpetgrass outside the vi llage, collect ing it. I am embarrassed, oh, I am shy, oh. You are all Mi sters, you are all Sirs, this I say.
4a4:la Cla-b lal :11j hl:la' Ch-b la3:la ]a3: la l 4<14:la Ch-b
Oh I say, today I then came, oh, to this mountain. I say, today I then sit , oh, in this cou ntry. I say, I came and squalled down outside the village, peeping in. Oh I say, indeed nobody as ked the rUllt-tree, oh. I say, indeed nobody asked the raw-tree. I say, I am embarrassed, oh, I am shy, oh, this I say. Oh J say, I came and sat down outside the village, peeping in. I say, I came and squatted down outside the village, peeping in , this J say. I indeed say, nobody asked me to corne in. I indeed say, nobody asked me to step in.
lal: Ib h l:l b' la3: Ib la3:2a la3: 23 1 4<14:la h3:lb '
Lundström cropped.pdf 265
8/10/05 1:11:18 pm
la3: tb I
258
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2c :2.
l l il]
?YSJI] :
PO :) dot mok k:):} kli lhl
Yo u came to this mounlain
I
KtI(1) th an rna Ii With a wine jar small as a thumb P3~
4<1
I
t6:'>p elf tee tSop
,<3
Though I cannot, I wo uld like 10 answer
h;)y sah
cern
mCc
cr,
hey say
when
you
ficus
IA
1m -
ceem
leaf
pi/lilt
I
lhl
k"
I ~] -
"kl5;)1]
li ke [hat
stem
free
S
k'ii
lm ~
",h Ca
k
mtary
M"", mime
cc sah
mee
"Ii
mok
oh say
yo,
hit
mountain today
'''
mia!)
ki i
oc>y
eem
,
country
this
oh
Uncle
wealthy
mee yo,
come
kaay sah
~
country
/lIib ..,y}
maal)
~
{n;/il-ay}
then say
ee sii h ;
w,
p~
,h
yAh
hap
d E£~y
d an
leey
oh say
00'
have
anythin g v open
bas kcl
oh
open
bag
sah
mee
kaay
k) i
p:.'x:l
ah
yo,
mta!) country
1;x,1)
S,ly
0
th is
we nothing have
dte oh
Ooy
,ap
ulan
oh
we lcome offer
lhcn say
caan
ce oh
'"~
wf.:cy
laan
greet
offer
caa n
k~;)
mbh
k5:~m
sial)
haan
p' ~
;,
;,
young
pig
dead
step in
hap
eem
h;x)y
klua!)
Uncle
oh
basket
slaT)
haan
P' ~
young
pig
dead
step in the
p50
,h
YAf\
weey
t aan
eem
h""y
00'
have
w ith
greet
offer
Uncle
oh
om
puuc
than
m,
.i
"P
taan
like
big toe
wine
kaa y sah
kluaT)
/mlihllyJ
teey
bag
14<1
ce oh
kaay sa h
kS;:m
caan
yrv.. inv ite PI
" p
t aa n
we lcome offer
welcome offer
{mlll-ayJ
then say
Lundström cropped.pdf 266
8/10/05 1:11:19 pm
259
Song E xchanges
ee oh
0Cm oh
om
?yaa than water P J medicine like f?J
10
dip
ka
bigtoc
taan weleome uffer
raarn eom ashamed Uncle
hXlY oh
eom
;,y
embarr-dssed
Uncle
oh
Cern Uncle
mok
s-
kli
mountain today
kilay sa h then say
pha
Ooy oh
'''
arrive
su u mi'ta aiXJlogi:te fa leaf
[m -
I
p, -
pha SO over and over ceem
plant
su u maa 3iXJlugize
cc sa h oh say
rna
yAA pJam] Ja :tnd/with elephant leaf grass
15
yAA
16,
leaf
and/with
'"""
kaay then
s,"
6<3
not
p;, kla wash face you
Jaa l)
t~]
1
indeed
po.
CC
laa l)
oh
1
kh5 laa!) chestnut 1
s-
t5:>p answer
naam
km -
p;,
sah
kllaY then
kJi't wash
I, -
waat]
(mli/-ilY!
meo yoo
yard
[i'tal) kha chestnut 1
Y'oJ
an
Ooy oh
p;
rhododendron
tcllme
t:S.:!p answer
t:S.:!p
people kaay sah then say
{mll/-ay}
ee
[aa l)
t~]
'h
1
indeed
t:S.:!p answer
waal) t t] endlessly
pt) ka embarrassed
laa l)
tOl) indeed
t:S.:!p answer
I, -
waal)
1
endlessly
pi, ptr trembling
ptT-
pi,
saam three
kh;x) times
det
,eoy no::>y worry/worried
tremblin g
kaay sah then say
Lundström cropped.pdf 267
Imla-ay}
lung
kaay sah then say
[aa l)
"m
k'ii
Ip m'Xlp awake. drowsy
1 p~
kJa swash face today
la exp
khy sah then say
tell me to
Imla ...,y}
{mll/-ayl
8/10/05 1:11:20 pm
260
Kllmmll SOllgs
I Ibl mOe
Iii
mok
you
hit
mountain count ry
mOe
rii
mok
Man
kaay s
you
hit
mountain cuunt ry
/lame
then say
CC
yem
Cern
l e~
kooy
mok
when
Uncle
sit
00
k'.i rt aT) mountain direction this
dec ;,;,y
oh
yem
Oem Y'"
kiia y
k60y
mok
00
k)i rial) moulltain direct ion this
k:'tay sah
come
"" oh
when
mta!)
m+al)
MOoI
,-
/lame
today
kii /m),I-ay!
ohoh
thell say
Imerpretation* : Hecy J say, even if you are a fig tree li ke that, Beautiful leaf, long and fi ne stem, thi s I say. I say, today you bumped into the moun tain village Mx,t. You came to this country, wealthy Uncle. this I say.
6f2: la
C:3r lbl: la lbl: la l
I say, we have no basket 10 open, oh, no bag to open.
\Ylr ...
I say, when you come to thi s country we have nothing to offer,
To greet you with, oh, to welcome you w ith, this [ say. Oh, it was a you ng pi g who d ied, stepping into, oh , the basket. A young pig who died, stepping into the bag. Welcoming you, offering a wine jar as small as a thumb o r a toe, Welcoming you, offering a liqour bottle as small as a thumb or a toe, I am ashamed. oh Uncle, embarrassed, oh Uncle. Today Uncle arrived at th is mountain , this I say. Oh, I a{Xllogize over and over, oh, Beautiful leaf and long leaf of elephant-grass. I a{Xllogizc leaf and bamboo tu be, th is I say.
4<: I': la 4cl ': la ' 4a4: Ib lbl: la C3c'
I say, though I cannot, you te ll me to wash. Drowsy thi s long morning I indeed wash my face, this I say. Oh, I am a chestnut in the coun yard, oh. I am a chestnut, J am a rhododendron. Tho ugh I cannot. you tell me to answer. Oh, endlessly e mbarrassed I indeed answer. Endlessly trembli ng J indeed answer Trembling three times and worrying, th is I say.
6c3: la 6c3: Ib 4a4': la 4a4: la ' 6c3:2a 6c3: Ib 6c3:lb' '·or ...
Heey, today you bumped into the mountain village M~. You bumped into the mounta in village M~m, this I say. Then Uncle sits on th is mountain here, oh. Then Uncle came to this moun tain here, this I say.
lbl: la lbl: la ' lbl:2b Ibl:2b'
Lundström cropped.pdf 268
8/10/05 1:11:20 pm
261
Song E xchanges
D2c:3. Ka m Raw:
Aay
m~ h phii 1:)01) mial)
I a m a spirit wanderi ng the land
Rmtlim
I
taa
tlial)
2d2:1
ca 4,2
What is bcliewd at a distance
stal) pig
sx,1) two
sli colours
dre
S;)::II)
sl i colours
,, '''P
looy
two
pian can get
tattoo
1
mah ,m
stal) pig
sial) pig
s5;)t] sii two times four
pl an
m aal)
sah 0 hey say r
mah ,m
sah say
sial) pig
sah say
0
sah
h ~y
say
kaay sa h then say hee sah hey say
sah say
mah ,m
0
"
"y oh
mOk
Sii twO time~ four
5;);)1)
I, -
"'"
looy can get
""I
(naa-ayJ
p hii spi rit
l?xll) wandcr
mlal) country
yOh
p~k
yOh
vi'>oy
go
pa~s
go
by
mah
phii spirit
\",," wander
mlal) country
,m
oh
yOh
p~k
yOh
wooy
go
pass
go
by
yo
p rm
ttlUl
sS:)m
friends
good
old
good
prm dcar
old
tuul
kli d tc this
friends kaay sa h then say
(naa-.1yJ
so ~ spider
wa
PUu -
s ah say
nn -
Iti m
hoy hoy
I
4,2
"
belief
sah
yOh
I
~ay
go
"
sah say
kx,n indeed
nn -
Lundström cropped.pdf 269
taa
belief
taa
[Jim /wllle mountain
dl f"
from
I
les near
I~ ~ fool indeed bad
tlim
l aa from
laal] travel
P""
"y
y'"
oh
Kli this
"y
ca 1m
0'
"y oh
8/10/05 1:11:21 pm
262
Kllmmll SOllgs
ce
,-
grand-son
yem when
p:,:)
maul) wealthy
taa
"
yoo
TOol corne
m. close
kaay
~l
kaay sah
I have nothing
me
hooy oh [n;)iI-JJY!
thell say
Imerpretation* : Hecy J say, I am a pig o f two colours. oh. I say, a pig o f two colours. a lallooed carp. I say, I am a pig e ig ht hands wide, I say, a pig e ight hands wide. a peeled carp, th is I say. Oh I say, I am a spirit wande ring the land , going by, passing by . I say, I am a spirit wande ring the land, going by, passing by. Good old friends, dear o ld friends. oh, th is I say.
2dl: la 2d2:2a 2d2: [a
2d2:1lJ 2d2:1:2b
2d2:J:2b C I4a
Hcey, a spider in the PUu Dim mountain, o h. I say, what is believed at a di stance, this oh, I say, is nothi ng when you come near. I say, indeed whal is believed at a distance, wealthy grandson, When yo u come near to me, o h, I have nothing, this I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 270
4a2: [a 4a2: lb 4a2:2b 4a2':2b C [Q' 4a2:2b'
8/10/05 1:11:21 pm
Song E x c hanges
263
D2c:4. U:CI) ?YS:>I): OC;}~ rap tee te taa Urn 1i 118!] I will
~eive
6<1
and return your beautifu l words
I
opip k60n pry 50!] n50 kli I haP llened to meet the son of the dra gon here
hoy
yem
0,""
Crt
k~~
hey
even
YO"
ficus
i,
",y
'"
1m ~
erem
leaf
pl(llJl
Id,
khd
taa
,
~Ot
chestnu t
nOt
yard
oh
kaay sah
~
p
I~ ~
nah
s~ like
thm
naa
Oem
h..y
Uncle
h,y
Inaa-ayj
then say
ee
la,
khd
Id,
km ~
po
Oem
h..y
oh
~Ot
chest nut
~Ot
rhododendron
Uncle
hey
t~]
dip
tee
indeed
receive
m,
I, tOt
l a' tmm
I
6<1
" krial)
krial)
saam
lam
Oem
h..y
roseapple
th=
eif
Uncle
hey
saam
lam ' if
I
lx.y
:,on -
rose-applethree
kaay sah
~
sect
wild
banana {niJlh1Y}
then say
ee
0
oh
[
mal)
''''J indeed
rap
m al] roseapple
saam
rose-applethrcc
Ie to,
eem
h ..y
saam
lam
Uncle
oh
three
df
lam 'if
I
lx.y
taa
ruu
kltp
ruu
kaan
pull
rain hat
pull
carrying
I"'J
r~]
indeed
long time m
l ee
taa
m,
receive
~
from
pn
~
stam
cult ivated
banana
pole
kauy sah
{nfllh1Y}
then say
Lundström cropped.pdf 271
8/10/05 1:11:22 pm
264
ee
Kllmmll SOllgs
t ~J indeed
,ap
tee
te
taa
rece ive
m,
fo,
from
kam
sa am
Sial)
Cern
word
three
sound
Uncle
k:lm
saam
Itn
three
SIal) sound
P' -
word
ka tn
saam
sIal]
P' -
word
three
sound
amulet
I>
oh
'"oh
kaay s:ih
big basket
nITt
~5
rx,y
rice
hundred
~5
fXly
rice
hundred
/m)i1-ay!
then say
sOh
101]
"Y
indeed
I t'
0 t
ce sfih oh say
I.
:X"
k5;)n
ka31)
tee
bee
foc
perhaps
Ict, ask
family
yOh
kh6::lY
rem
,-
go
serve
Uncle.
wealt h y
c~
sn -
t::':)r
om
lauy
wli
water
dcrorate
v fan
then
will make pipe
maal)
be,
00
kaay sah
perhaps
p
thell say
"
k~d
meen
klaa!)
"
;,
quartz
\O:)f
om
laay
water
decorate
v fan
wli Unde
C~ will
wli v fan
afraid
0
cix>
sn -
will make pipe
cx,
vld
will
I'
fan
~; afraid
kaay sah
k)i
kO;)this
(na,h1y]
Saa rem
hoy
h,y
koo
mITn
kla al)
KrJ:)I)
;,
;,
stone
Mckhong
Iln
k) i
Ihey
here
{n:la-ay}
then say
'"oh
k:):~m
0 t
come across child
10. -
pO:lI]
pfP
0
aal speak
Lundström cropped.pdf 272
YXllJ
I""
'J'
ya,
then
talk
0
P' dragon
pI p
k:);)n
p-
come across
ehild
lille
naa
0
100 then
hoy
kiiay sah
hey
Ihen say
afraid
"
afraid
kITs
bee
mistake
perhaps
nOo
k'ii
Ihey
here
kus
cern
mistake
Uncle
00
{lIuIJ-ayl
8/10/05 1:11:22 pm
265
Song E xchanges
Inrerpretation* :
Heey. even you are a fig tree li ke that,
6f2:la
Oh, beautifullcaf.
C3,
Don't be a chestnut in the yard, Uncle oh, thi s I say. Don't be a chestnut, don' t be a rhododendron. Uncle oh.
6ft: la ' 6ft la
I indeed receive and return your three rose-apple berries, Uncle oh , Your three rose-apple berries, your wild bananas. th is I say. Oh, I indeed receive and return, Uncle oh, your three rose-apple berries. Your three rose-apple berries, your planted bananas. Indeed it was long ago you carried a rainhat or a yoke, this I say .
6cl l11 61:1:2a'
Oh, I indeed receive and return your words of three sounds, Uncle oh, your words of three sounds, charms for hundredfolds of rice. Your words of three sounds, amu lets for hundredfolds of rice, this I say. I say, Indeed I then wou ld li ke to ask my family to go and serve you , wealthy Uncle, this oh.
ocl: tb ocl :2b
I might make a water-pipe and pla it a fan. thi s I say.
)'ar
oc l :2b ' l'(/r
p:la p:211 p:la p:211 '
Oh I say, when I fan. I worry that it is a stone of quartz. I will make a water-pipe and plait a fa n, Uncle oh. When I fan. I fear that it is a stone from the Mekhong. Oh, I happened to meet the son of a dragon here. When I talk, J worry that I might make a mi stake. I happened to meet the son of a lord here. When I speak , I fear that ' will make a mistake, oh Uncle, this I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 273
oct: tb 6cl :211
8/10/05 1:11:23 pm
p:tb p:2b
p:tb p:2b'
266
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2c:5. Kam Raw: KS ~n
tOOl) taa pk slik
Villagers, don ' t disturb
Oo:ly hoh pili!)
6d'
rxm hm
'x>y
plaa!)
oh
si lvergnlss
om
piik
Uta
kn -
waler
muddy
lIot
mix in
,
C'x>
an ,,,
om water
oh hey
II
sah say
sprout
0
will
kftay s:ih
rxm hm
dre
~y
oh
oh
hCI)
kn -
caal)
clear
decant
cOOl)
!m)i1-ay!
then say
hcc sah k6:m hey say
villagers
sah
kx m
say
villagers
kUI)
oh kUI)
"
cOO
sah "Y
km -
nel)
sah "Y
kS:J1l
sah "Y
kS:Jn
sah "Y
00
will
listen
dre
?:J.1y
oh
oh
kaal)
km listen
nCI)
trOoI) throat
muan
mOe
dre
nice
yoo
oh
"toy
kS:>n
blat)
oh
fami ly
nCI)
'a"
kUl)
kill)
villagers
pk -
1101
disturb
"un
,,,
b::m family
kiim word
villagers
k5;)n tOOl) local people
taa
pk -
do not
disturb
an
Siik
Siik
"
cix> will
,,,
local people
km listen
km -
neT)
kiim
cOo~
mOe
\\lord
bird common my na you r
dre
ce
,-
oh
grandchild
listen
klhy sah
k5;)n
tOOl)
lal) maa l]
wealthy
{mla-ay!
thell say
Lundström cropped.pdf 274
8/10/05 1:11:24 pm
267
Song E xchanges
IlIIelprerarion * .'
Heey, hot bamboo sprout, oh, hot silvergmss. I say, don't let clear and muddy water mix, oh. I will decant the clear water, this I say. Oh I say, vi llagers, oh, neighbours. I say, villagers, don 't disturb, oh.
6dl:la 6d I :2H 6d1 :3a 6d1: Ib
6dl:2b
I will make my family listen. I say. listen to the words from your resonant throat , oh . I say, villagers, oh, family members. I say, villagers, don't disturb. I will make the neighbours li sten. I say, listen to the words from your myna bird, oh wealthy grandson, this I say.
Lundström cropped.pdf 275
6d1:3b 6d1 :43
6d t:lb' 6d1:2b 6d 1:3b' 6d1:4b
8/10/05 1:11:24 pm
268
Kllmmll SOllgs
D2c:6.
l l il]
?YSJI]:
Ta: a k:bn dol cle k 4, 1
Indeed, don ' t exagge rate so mu ch
I
Sal) p r5 soi l] hrw,) eem Wh at I wish fo r a nd long for is Uncle
P:}:)
I ye t ar
q
n:h 01 n:}o nln
,
You sta) 'oo around her e lind ther e
I
Til k s.i l) pel a lJ p .i:J til k eem What is hard for others is not ha rd for Uncle
hoy
yom
mre
crt
h,y
when
you
ficus
rem
hooy
kaay sah
Uncle
oh
th en say
""y
oh
mok
~ 4a l
mre
kl'l.ay
sek
oh say
you
then
,oo
oh
1] ~Jl
Km -
pOol
sah
,Iree
ee sah
rem
kaay
oh say
Uncle
then
sek ,oo I)::K)[
sek
cIfce
taa
c:Xl1
"01
flatter
""oh
,
,
even
cem even
I
,-
leaf
trCC'
"
on, [00
kha
bay sah
chestnut
then say
mall
,-
1)::':>[
what for
Kmdte oh
p:x,] taa
kaay sah
pllll]
)
Ie
we
fo,
yel
"
w,
I{i leaf
[IiI) shake
di.
d loop
w""
tfla
eel
SdG -
"
sour
today
taa
kUI)
at far. tOO many
then say
,
kh -
oh say
now
Inil,h1YJ
IreI'
ell
~prout
I)~[
Ja
many
w,
kii
today
leaf
Ie
(n!w',lY]
fo,
Kli
village
'"
Slay
rem
hoy
bay sah
Uncle
oh
then say
rem
kaay
khtul)
"
Uncle
then
dig
"'
" (mh·ny]
q
ee sah
Lundström cropped.pdf 276
,
all
la
name village
taa at far.
yem
""y
"iI/age
'oo
,-
t XlI
(nila..aYI
ee sah
"y
rial)
moulltai n direction flute
Ie fo,
8/10/05 1:11:25 pm
269
Song E xchanges
kh now
hiay
haal
many
shallow river
'"
,em
kaay
khtal)
"
Un cle
then
dig
us
hiay
c6k
kaay sah
many
dig by hand
then say
CO
Cern
kaay
,6k
oh
Unclc
indced
come to
rem
kaay
kl:ta l
Unc le
indeed
pass
kaay sah
"
,"' us
'e
'01
(mhouyl
'e
laa y
mial)
'01
many
countrics
'e
Jaa y
mial)
many
countrics
blood
'0'
{mla-uyl
then say
CO
p~
oh
001
p~
""
,,, '" ,,,a n
suu
I ~]
mg
smear
how
why
"toy oh
k'Jt]
I ~]
ma
",y
maam
,~k
how
why
oh
blood
wa
rem
kaay sah
maam
(niJ:h1yl
then say CO
sO<]
prS
SOl]
h,-
oh
thing
wish
thing
long for
S;JI] thing
prS
sO<]
k-
wish
thing
call
hoy
cem
mre
even
YOO
eft licus
k~:)
hoy
;,
cem
mre
sah
k~:)
I ~r]
yO'
"y
;,
"'y
even
kaay sah
Uncle
rem
kttay sa h
Uncle
then say
",y
I ~T)
m't h
oh
like that
?fx1y
oh
-
like that
soo -
(nil,l-,1y)
k'ti
today
"'
/i,,}a-ay/
then say
I '
a, around
""
"',
km -
n f.. AIl
maam blood I'!l
sah
po,
say
yO'
sah
ma
say
everyone give up
oflen
,,,uun
pOo
km -
yO'
listen
Lundström cropped.pdf 277
IIi
"'"
k5n
here and there
neT)
kcrab
"'"
laam
nln
mah eat
8/10/05 1:11:25 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
270
i-
?uur
amaranth
cc sah
Oo'
oh say
]"
p:,:)
km -
yoo
listen
i-
?uur
amaranth
huur
ill
kaay s
crush
leaf
Ihen say
k-
Iliam
neT)
CTHb
huur crush
klJ:)I]
nOo
n',
POo
yc]
oh say
yoo
stay
around
"
here and (here
mo
kon
pn -
yaam
let weep
km -
'Ii -
fiel)
sah
km -
say
IiSlen
ick
yltam
kaay sah
"Y
then say
k, -
Waa l]
yaam
yaam
come
"Y
"Y
'uk
s6q
POO'
with
ko;:)
(uk
;,
POO'
I •
;,
hO -
kuur
(iJ,)iHlyl
mok
hI) -
ku ur
mountain storm
free
down
nln
mountain storm
COUT
ko;)
mok
come
fie t)
nJ:'
kXln
eliUT down
'"
children
cic(j(J(I
lislen
mah
stalk
cc sah
everyone do not
hu
db: oh
tremble
]co
pa3m
Oem
hoy
its
SCI
Uncle
oh
s5q
]Co
kl5:.Jnl
Oem
with
its
prop up
Uncle
h::lY oh
kaay sah
!m),J-ay}
tmp
k' -
db: oh
{1I,13-11Y}
then say
cc sah oh say
" ]
oh say
SOl)
]'0
,uk
sing
bc<:ausc
~If
POO'
yaam
.;q
]
'0'
because
(uk
SOl]
]>00'
what
Map difficult
" ee sfih
1m
I"~
luk
Oem
hoy
kaay sah
,"If
POO'
Uncle
oh
then say
prlal)
POo
(uk
Oem
h:.JY
other
do not
]>00'
Uncle
oh
s5l]
piml)
p:':'
Map
Oem
hoy
what
other
00'
difficlIlI
Uncle
oh
kaay sah
{m}a-ayl
thcn say
Lundström cropped.pdf 278
8/10/05 1:11:26 pm
Song E xchanges
271
Inrerpretation* :
Heey, even if you are a fig tree, oh, this flute mo untain today, Oh Uncle, this I say,
6f2':la
I say, you then c ut, oh, the leaf of the cl):x,l-tree. I say, cl)Jol-tree of Kmp:x,l, leaves of the chestnut. I say, Uncle, then why do you cut the cl):x,l-trec? Cut the cI)J:lI-tree of Kmp:nl, the leaves shaking, Don't exaggerate, oh, so much, too many loops, this I say.
4al :111 4al':2a 4al':2a' 4al: Ib
Even if we spro ut together happily today. Even if we stay together in the vi ll age, oh Uncle, this I say,
2c2';la 2c2': Ib
4at: ta'
I say, now Uncle then digs us many shallow ri vers, now Uncle then di gs us many handfuls. Oh, Uncle indeed came to us from many countries, Uncle indeed passed to us through many count ries.
q:la q: la ' q:2a q:2a '
Oh, how can I help smearing, oh, blood? How can I help cooking, oh, blood? What I wish for and long for is Uncle . What I wish for and call fo r is Uncle.
q:3a q:3a ' q:3b q:3b '
Heey. even if you are a fig tree, oh, like that today. Even if you say like that, oh, today .
6f2;111 6f2: Ib
I say, you beat around here and there,
Do not let everybody give u p blood often, Letting them hear the crabs eat amaranth, crushing the leaves, this I say. I say, Icuing them hear the crabs cat amaranth , c rushing the stalks. Oh, I say, you stayed around here and there. Do not let everybody weep, Hearing Ihe ' ilek cicada in the mo unta in stonn, tears start flowing , this J say I say, hearing the krwaalJ cicada in the mountain stonn, tears start flowing, weeping, oh, trembling, oh. It is hard for us to set traps, oh Uncle. It is hard for us to prop up traps, oh Uncle, this I say. I say, I sing because I myself am poor.
r:3a r:3a ' r: la '
r:2b
r:3b r:3b '
s:llI s: la '
s:2a'
I weep because I myself am poor, oh Uncle, this I say. I say, what is hard for others is not hard for Uncle, oh. What is di fficu lt for others is not diffic ult for Uncle, oh, this I say .
Lundström cropped.pdf 279
r: la r:2a
8/10/05 1:11:27 pm
s:2a s:3a
s:3a'
Kllmmll SOllgs
272
Dle:7. Kam Raw: PO :) yet kug te n kaal) 7dl6
Yo u who stay in the village, silting in th e house
hoy sah uul he)' say
h :):)t11 bind
lirewood
Ir::, torch
PI
"
my
me
h:x.y
plaal)
kl -
oh
silver-
sugar-canc
grass
sah
pJO
sour
thaal) dear
en
yO"
ph)!) sprou t
eel
say
sah
k5
dS::xn
pITm
,;
priJk
b
say
please
take care
~lIlall
for
squirrel
my
,;
ka
0
foc
fish
my
dIT oh
r-
maal)
khy sah
0
dIT oh
basket
pITm
k5
dSJln
please
take care small
basket
Y'
,ood
prxlIn
tuul
cio
friend
old
gmrulson wealt h y
/n;w-.ly}
then say
friend
hce sah
pJ:)
hey say
you who stay
yct
kUI)
tcn
kaaT)
k'ti
?x>y
vi llage
sit
house
this
oh
rna
,,-
n£Em
0
dIT oh
sah
k5
dS::xn
say
please
take care mother
soh
rOo
yet
"y
you who slay
Illy
pitiful
kUI)
IEm
kaat)
village
sit
house
mx,k
,,-
n£Em
kS
d5:xn
please
take care sister
pitiful
kaay sah
{mla-ayJ
0 my
dIT oh
then say
Imerpretation* : Heey, I say, bind torches, oh, silvergrass, sugar-cane, I say. you who sprout together bitterly and happily. I say. please. take care of my small squi rrel basket, oh. Please, take care of my small fish basket. oh. Good friend. wealthy grandson, this I say .
C 14a' 7d16:la 7d16:2a 7d 16:2a' C 14a'
Oh, I say. you who stay in the village sitting in this house. oh. I say, please, take care of my pitiful mother, oh. I say, you who stay in the village sitting in the house Please, take care of my pitiful sister. oh . th is I say .
7d16:lb 7d16:2b 7d16:lb 7d16:2b'
Lundström cropped.pdf 280
8/10/05 1:11:27 pm
Song E xchanges
273
D2c:8. U:CI) ?YS:>I):
Yem mee klaat 1 te laay mla!] When you left us for many cou ntries
I
hntr~~y
Mee kaay ttl mhn ttl
You indero disappeared like th e \\-ind
I
Pa~ m~h
"
I pBoy eem yAA prialJ 2c3'
It is not that we abandoned Uncle with ol hers
'"'"
cil
k~;:)
yo,
ficus
f,
",y oh
ta
1m -
c60m
Im -
pl(lnl
",y oh
kh)l)
leaf
stalk
pl(lm
kaay sah
{na:h1Y}
hoy
cern
hcy
whcn
t ~1)
-
nah
likc lhal
CCem
then say
I
t
sah
yem
say
when
yem when
khial)
"
te
laay
haat
s-
yo.
di g
's
io<
many
shallow rivcr
today
khial)
"
te
laay
c6k
yo.
di g
"'
io<
many
di g by hand
'"'" '"'"
kaay sah
kii
(niJ:h1yj
then say
cc
yem
oh
when
yem when
'"'" '"'" yo. yo.
"
te
Jaay
mial)
pass
"'
io<
many
countries
tu
"
te
laay
mial)
"'
io<
many
countries
et
Cern
hoy oh
klaat
TUn away
kaay sah
(naa-.1yj
then say
sah
prml)
lAA
eel -
say
other
~y
1971
sah "Y
sip -
Ullcle
'"'"
l:x-,
yOh
Oal] -
yo.
then
go to
/wllle
kaay
rnt
eet -
si p -
SX,I]
arrive
come
1972
Baal] -
IXlI)
mCe
kaay
1:>0,
yo.
indeed
go down n(lme Bangkok
sS:>k
go down =k
Lundström cropped.pdf 281
krx,1)
Chiangkhong
s6l)
po -
thing s
ability
naa
k5:>k
kiiay sa h
{mla-IIY}
then say
bee
00
perhaps
p
8/10/05 1:11:28 pm
Kllmmll SOllgs
274
kaay arrive
,m-
,"'"
eel -
I:omc
1975
mOe yoo
k:lay visit
kUI) village
origi nal
Iflim
0"'
"
n:):)1) sti ll
Ih l) remain
sam -
sam-
,,"
ocd "h say
1m r'ta l) bamboo nooring
kaay arrive
,I
,"'"
h,a
sip -
sip -
h:JY
sah
Undc
oh
~y
prlim
completely. worn out
eel -
rem
kiiay sah
(mlu-ayJ
then say
eel
I:umc
1977
mOe yoo
kaay
yOh
mial)
n:,:)k
then
go
country
abroad
snk
rtal)
kn -
ni
~ck
direc tion behind
-sS:)k,
U
wc
kaay sah then say
(mill-ayj
cc sah
rem
kauy
klaa!
mial)
n:,:)k
oh say
Uncle
indeed
leave
coull( ry
abroad
I",y
fi ar)
kn -
n,
'"
follow
di rection behind
rem
kiwy
kl5dy
mian
Uncle
indeed
Ily
like
kl60y Ily
mia n
kl60y Ily
'O<J
,
like
kaay sah
yaam cry
what
I~y
yaam
follow
cry
kl ~y
s5q
m;,
klaal]
Ily
what
who
black kile
m.
klaal)
paae
who
bind; kile
];\ac
hn -
tm
(mla-ayJ
then say
cc sah
rem
kauy
lane
oh say
Uncle
indeed
disappear like
disappear wind
rem
kaay
tll
tu
Uncle
indeed
TUn away like
kftay s:ih
mtan mian
hn -
tr:x,y
101]
mo
how t~y
TUn away wind
,n;)Il-ayl
then say
ee oh
I
2c3'
p~
m;t,
"
thlnt)
eo'
rem
YAII
Illtre that
wo
deny
Uncle
with
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rtC Illun iabird
rem
h;,y
Uncle
oh
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Song E x c hanges
275
p~
ndl
t h'iul)
eom
YA"
b)y
0"'
"ere that we
deny
Uncle.
with
tree shrew
kauy sah
{niJa-.1Y}
"
then say
""oh
p~
m'"
"
plOoY
Cern
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prlal)
not
here that
'"
abandon
Uncle
with
others
P"" 00>
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"
pic
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prlal)
here thm wo
abmuJon
Uncle
with
others
eom
h<1uk
Unc le
yourself abandon
[50y I banana [tree]
p'tc
ICC
yef
k-
"
become
wild banana
cUI)
eom
hauk
Unc le
your'~elf
[x,y ptC I abandon banana [tree]
ICc
yer
kl -
'"
Ix=rn'
o rchid tree
then say
kli
ecm
kflUY
PIC
k5:m
Uncle
indeed
leave
villager
ICC
yef become
I visitor
rn50y
fOf eom
kauy
ka31)
indeed
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tcc
yOr
fo'
Ix=rn'
I visi tor
ee sah
s-
oh say
today
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pam)
kaay sah
{mla-ay}
kUI)
family
mx,y
kaay sah
{mla-ay}
then say
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Kllmmll SOllgs
Interpretation* : Hecy, when you arc such a fi g tree, oh, like that, Beautiful leaf, oh, straig ht-grown stalk, this I say.
61'2': la
When you dig us many shallow (ivers today. I say, whe n you dig us many handfuls, this I say.
t:la t:la ' t: 2a'
ek
When you left us for many counlries.
When you went away from us for many countries, this I say. I say, people say in 197 1, oh Uncle,
1:2a'
you then went to Chiangkhong. When 1972 arrived
var ...
you indeed went down to Bangkok, this I say. I say, you went down, dea r, perhaps to seek for kno wledge. When 1975 arrived, oh Uncle, I say you indeed visited the old village. Our bedding still rem ains, thi s I say. I say, the bamboo fl ooring is all wom out.
t: 3a'
When 1977 arrived you indeed wen t to forei gn countries.
u: III
1:3a
We looked in your direction, looked and wept, thi s I say. I say, Uncle indeed left for fore ign countries. We followed in your direction, follo wed and wept Uncle indeed fle w like the black kite fli es. Flew like the black egret nies, th is I say. I say, Uncle indeed disappeared like the wi nd disappears. Uncle indeed flew away like the wind flies away, this I say.
u:2a u: la' u:2a ' u: 3a' u: 3a1 u: 3b u:4b'
It is not that we abandoned Uncle to stay
with the munia-birds, o h, Uncle. It is not that we abandoned Uncle to stay with the tree shrews, this I say . It is not that we left Uncle with others. It is not that we abandoned Uncle with others. Uncle himself left the banana plant and became a wild banana. Uncle himself left the banana cluster and became an orchid tree, th is I say. Oh, I say. today Unc le indeed parted from the villagers and become a visitor. Uncle has indeed parted from the famil y and become a visitor.
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2c3': la 2c3': la ' 2c3':2a 2c3':2a' 2c3':3a 2c3':3a' 2c3':3b
2c3':3b'
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A PPENDIX 1: COMMENTS ON T HE SONGS
A. Songs of Feasting tal. The words M:,JI , En and Man are rhyme words. 'Man' probably refers to a general name for an ethnic minority in the area. 'En' i s possibly an obsolete name of a mi nority
group in Burma with a language s imilar to Wa and 10 Kammu (Scott 1900: 517, cf. however, comment to la3), ' M~ ' may well be a similar term. Thus the En mountain should perhaps be understood as the mountain where the En people live. The meaning should not be taken literally, however. T he silUal ion is that of greeting, and the same rhymes and metaphors are used whether the meeting takes place on a mountain, or at
level ground or in a distant country. A rod wi th bird lime is used for catching small birds. This is a well-known song among the Kamm u people as is its paired t rn ~ Ib l. Cf. D2b: I ff., D2c: I. A couple of versions have also been printed in Proschan 1989: 314 ff. l a 2. Paired with I b2. To close the path wi th branches or green leaves means to close the village as for a major ceremony, such aS:l village ceremony (Lundstrom and Tayani n 1982: 75 ff.). l a3, Th is song expresses how a visitor came unannounced. ' Peeping in' evokes a picture of a person peeping through an opening in the forest into the village. The rhyming pair en 10 1 1 ten Isit! occurs in seven songs. The mellning of en is unclear. Perhaps this is an old rhyme (cf. lui) in which the word has lost its original meaning and tends to take on the meaning of its rhyme (ten [sitJ). Prtct is carpetgrass (Cynodon daetyloll). Rim] mut ria l] raaw is the name of one tree. In the Kam mu language reduplic:ltion of words is common. Th is particular tree is used for making cross-bows (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). Cf. 02c: I. l a4. Can be sung at a party as a joke song, but a lso, for example, when prepari ng food for a party (in this case in a different singing manner than t;1g[n, however). Short segments like this one are seldom sung independently but usually as parts of longer performances . Ibl. The pair of lal. Cf. comment to la l. Crltd (probably Peristrophe fi/lefOria ) is a plant which grows on bl:lck stones at river banks. When people go fishi ng, they roast fish, make pepper sauce and eat it with the leaves of this plant and rice. The drying rack is where meat is hung up and dried above the firep lace (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). For uses see D2a: 4, D2b: 2. D2b: 4 ff. 0 2c: 2. I h2. The pair of I a2 . tb3. RiHl] ruUl: cf. comment to la3. 1b4. Ytan (CYllallehllm) is a small poisonous vi ne which grows at open places and at fallows (Svantesson et al. fort hcoming), Cf. D2b: 8. 2al. The frog. Co). is a very small. edible frog (Svantesson et af. forthcoming). P5.::> is a tree from wh ich ropes are made (Mallotl/s barb(/flls). eta!) is a culture hero in Kammu myths (Lindell et al. 1984a: 237- 238, Raw 1983). C f. D2b: 8. 2a 2. The kl~, a clepsydra. is a sound source used near a field in in order to scare off wild animals (Lundstrom and Tayanin 1982: 93 ff.) . Cf. D2b: 10. Ktial) , Java plum (Syzygillm cllmilli) , is a 10-15-metre-high tree with thick bark and edible fruits. When people clear their fields, they let these trees remain. Some of them have been in the fields for up 10 a hundred years. 2bl. Rhaal) (Delldroc(/l(llml~' strictus) is a rather large bamboo and good house building material (Svantesson et al. forthcoming).
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2b2. Cu k, ivory nul palm (Caryora ochlalldra), is a wild palm with berry stalks which hang down li ke a horse tai l.
2e!. The cr1~y vine, false pepper (Embelia ribes), is used for making a carrying-sling in which the rice soul is symbolically carried to the village at the end of the fanni ng year (Svamcsson et al. forthcomi ng, Lundstrom and T ayanin 1982: 114 ff.). tcmuu (probably Dioscorea kamool/ellsis) is a wi ld vi ne Cf. D2b: [0. 2e2. This song is for apologizing if one cannot reply, has said too much or sings to a person or persons onc doesn' t know at all. 2e3. The tree shrew looks li ke a squ irreL It has a strong stench (Svanlcsson et al. forthcomi ng), Part of thi s song is included in D2e: 8. 2dl:I- 2. Khaak (Macaranga (Jellticillara) is a tree with red Slip. The wood is used for making tempor.uy fie ldhouses and the leaves are used fo r wrapping cooked rice and other things (Svantesson el al. forthcomi ng). A rod with bird lime is used for catchi ng small birds. 2d2:1. S&>q sH may be understood as: ' two colours' or ' two limes fo ur' . In this version both interpretations have been used. Cf. 2d2: 2, 02c: 3. 2d2:2. Phl i tXlI) lial) 'Spirits of the Yellow Leaves' are the Mlabri people who live in small groups in Laos, Thailand and Malaysia. 2e1. To be sung when somethi ng big or important is about to take place. For rhaal) see comment to 2bJ. The sacrifice refers to the buffalo ceremony (Lundstrom Hnd Tayanin 198Ia). 2e2. For en, see commem to I a3 . 3a1. KnfliI) LwaaI) is another name for the mountain Mok Kmpec to the northwest of Rmcual village. It was believed that this mountain was situated at the midpoint of the sky (Svantesson el af. fort hcoming). 3a2. The elephants, horses and their plenti fu l dung are symbols of wealth. 3a3. Bro nze drums or kettlegongs, yuan, were valuable and ritually important objects (Lundstrom and Tayanin 198Ia). 'The salt [from salt minesJ is soaked out and then cooked for evaporation ' (Izikowitz 1951: 314 concerning the Lamel people). 3bl. For another song on a similar theme see 0 2b: 3. 3h2. Like most praise songs th is one is also exaggerating. The picture of the liver of very small animals should perhaps be seen as a metaphor for the impossible . 3b3. Being dazzled by a shi ningly beauti ful house with a golden roof is a common type of picture in praise songs. 3b4. Cf. comment to 3b3 . 3c1. The two wine jars mentioned are both anc ient and ve ry large. A round object is measured by both arms bei ng wrapped around its circumference, here translated 'fathom'. 3c2. This trn~ may be sung by a person who is offered a lot of wine for example in order to make him start singing. Chi nese silvergrass. plaal) (Misc(lllflws sinensis), has ceremonial uses at fu nemls and when driv ing out accident spi rits (cf. comment to 7d 1\; Svantesson er af. forthcoming) . 3c3. The dragon, pryOolJ. sometimes means the dragon spirit which is considered to control the rain and is connected to rivers (Lundstrom and Tayani n 198 1a). Just as often it refers to a wealthy and respected person. 3c4. For bronze drum, cf. comment to 3a3. 3c6. For anothcr song on the same theme, sec 0 2b: 7. 3c7. Na is a kind of tree that on ly occurs in songs.
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3dl:J- 2. May be sung by a person who receives something (like a cup of wine, betel or tobacco) at a feast, or when a young man visits a girl and receives tobacco. In the latter case it would be sung in the hrffi- style. Tu ul (Lit:lea monopetale). Raa!] rl (Lemna perpusil/a). For cuk, ivory nut palm, sec comment to 2b2. Globe amaranth. raal) puul (Gomphrena globosa). 4a1. This trn~ is sung in reply to praise. The cl)):)l is a tree with soft wood. It is used for making fences around fields. The kmpiar is a bad omen if seen in the daylight (Svantesson et al. forthcoming). Cf. 02b: 9, 02c: 6. 4a2. The wood of kreel], tea shade tree (Albizia odoratil'sima) is very hard and good for making piles for houses and barns since termites cannot eat it (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). Water tubes arc al so made from it. Cf. 02c: 3. 4a3. The klo!] , or Chinese lantern (Physalis) , is a plant with red berries and edible leaves. It gro ws in the fields and after the harvesting people collect it to make food . Mx>n (Morus alba) (Svantesson er al. forthcoming). The orphan plays a special role in Kammu tales, where the fatherl ess child symbolizes the Kammu themselves (Lindell er al. 1995: 92). 4a4. This segment is used in order to express shyness as in 02a: 4, 02b: I , and several other instances in the dialogues. A related use is in response to praise and may then be mixed into a trn;';"n and varied. Its pair is 6fl. Khli. chestnut, is compared to a good, strong and honest person (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). 4b2. Rwc (Zingiber officinale) . 4cl. Cf. 0 2c: 2. 4c2. The traan (Thpallolaella maxima) is a kind of grass used in offerings on the sowing day and when the year is fin ished off (Lundstrom and Tayanin 1982: 66, 120). Its roots are eaten roasted during the weeding period , but it is taboo to eat it during harvesting. It is also used for maki ng torches (cf. comment 10 9bl) (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). 4c3. Cf. D2b: 6. Sal. This is a song of the feast of the rice soul that takes place in the ficld when the rice has grown to a certain size. Then bamboo clappers, which are used as scarecrows and sound producers, are placed in the fi elds. This song is in praise of the clappers and compares their sound to that of large metal gongs (Lundstrom and Tayani n 1982: 107111 ). The clappers are made from the two types of large bamboo, sp5 (Dendro(:alall/lIs) and meey pi!] (Delldrocalamlls calostachYlIs), which are also used for house building and many other things (Svantesson er al. forthcoming). 5a2. This song is in deprecation of one's own bamboo clappers. Togelher with Sal it constitutes a trnOom pair which may be sung in response to each other (cf. comment to Sal). Cruan (Diospyrus aereolara) is a tree with yellow resin that has a sour but edible fruit with four stones si milar to the mangosteen. Ui tru (Mamma) is a plant with large leaves which are used for making roofs of ficld houses or for wrapping things. Ren is a small tree simi lar to a ficu s. Its young leaves are used for stews. Tlaa (CeplwlostachYIIII! virgalUlII) is a medium-sized bamDoo wh ich is poisonous and its shoots have a bitter taste (Svantesson et al. forthcoming). 5bl. This is a praise song of the harvest festival that takes place after the harvesting is fin ished (Lundstrom and Tayanin 1982: 119). T~] (Eichhornia crassipes). Sci. A drum-giving feast may be he ld in honour of a man who has reached the age of60 and is considered prosperous. At the ceremony he will be given a wooden drum which will then be hung in the common house of the vil lage. This is a prai se song of this ceremony. Kam Raw believes that there is also a paired trn~n of deprecation , but he does not know it (Lundstrom and Tayanin 198Ib). The crt (FiclIl' alrissima) is a very large and high tree. If many such trees grow around a village, people believe they will live well. The fi cus is considered 10 have an evil spirit wh ich protects the village from
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other evil spirits (Svantesson el al. fo rthcomi ng). 5dl. The wedd ing ceremony is described by Lindell , who has also mnde a first translation of this and the follow ing songs (LindelJ et al. n.d.), Chlal s<)l)k6m means 10 place a flower behind one's ear, a way to make oneself beautifu l. In the evening of the wedding day the husband, his fam ily and friends go to the fathe r-i n-law's house to fe lch the bride. They bring flowers to be put behind the ear. First the parents- in-law receive thei r flowers. This song is sung when the bride receives her fl ower. It is sung by a good singer in the groom's group, more rarely by the groom himself. 55 saas is probably a mythological dog which helps in the forest. The hmp'iat (Pueraria plwseoloides) is used by women 10 make handbags. The k6k or hog plum (Spolldias pillllata) is a common symbol in deprecation of oneself. Chfa is a 4-6-metre-high tree wi th soft wood (Svantesson er al. forthcoming). 5d2. The second step of the wedd ing ceremony is when the groom attempts to bring his wife home Hnd is joki ngly hindered by her relatives and friends, who will not open the door until a song, paal) prJOI] 'open the door', is sung (thi s song is not in Kam Raw's repertoire). When the bride appears on the balcony above the st:lircase, the groom sings this song to persuade her to climb down (Li ndell et al. n.d .). The last stanza of this trn~n praises the house by comparing its materials to silver Hnd gold, a common manner of praisi ng. Rhaal] cf. comment to 2b l. 5d3. This song is sung by the groom (or somebody in his group) when they have reached his house and he persuades his bride to e nter it (Lindell et al. n.d.). Sleep (Allium tuberosllm) is garl ic chives and s?t m (Allillmfisrulosllm) is Welsh on ion. 6a1. J\f;) is a ki nd of tree which only occurs in songs. For cru:m, see comment to Sa2. 6a2. Puur is the second burni ng of the fie lds in the slash-and-bum technique. Plte is a kind of tree which only occurs in songs. Plt'ti-m is Javanese bishopwood (Bischofia javaflica) (Svantesson et 01. forthcoming). Knhuu l is a puffing, whist ling sound prod uced when brelllhing out after an effort . 6bl. Tmneer refers to II mountainside where ridges lind vlllleys succeed each other on increasingly higher levels. 6c1. Cf. 0 2c: 4. For krial) see comment to 2a2 . 6c2. Hog plum, cf comment to 5d I . 6c3. Cf. 0 2c: 2. 6d1. R:lal) rxm (Celosia) belongs to the lIgricultuml tmdition lind is used in ceremonies when the old year is fin ished off (Lundstrom and Tayanin 1982: 120) Cf. 0 2c: 5. 6d2. The garland nower, 'tal) (Hedychillm), has white fragrant flowers which the women wear by their ears and in their hairknots (Svantesson et (/1. forthcom ing, cf. also crwaal] herb in comment to 8a4). 6el. Empty rice husks are likened to an empty t hroat that is free from hai rs that would otherwise make it hoarse; in other words, a clear or good voice. 6e3. See comment to 6e1. 6fl . Chestnut. cf. comment 10 4a4 that is the pair of th is song. It may be sung in several situat ions, one of which is to encourage somebody who is reluctant to si ng (as in 0 2a: I). Another is to comfort somebody who has expressed shyness, 02b: 2. Kmp:" straits rhododendron (Metal'wnw Jlol'lI/ale), is a bush with beautifu l pink flowers and edible berries which grows at fa llows (Svantesson et (11. forthcoming) . 60. May be sung when somebody has deprecated himselrlhcrself, or in order to comfort somebody as in 02a: 7. For crl, see comment to 5c I 6f5. Bamboo tubes are used for cooking over an open fire. 6f6. A recurri ng theme is that of beauty or ugl iness (blackness) bei ng contagious, cf. lOa5. For other variants, see 02a: 3. Crhol) (Aralia) has large leaves. People cut the top
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where it is sti ll soft , steam it and eat with rice. Hmp:xx: probably refers to dt hmp:xx:, ' hairy grass', cockspur grass (Echillochloa) , with stems and leaves thai have itching hairs. When people touch the leaves, they get an itch all over the body. Tr{! is lard fruit (Hodg.mnia), a vi ne which is used for making baskets (Svantesson er al. forthcomi ng). For chla see comment to 5d 1. 6g1. Suu means smearing one's knee-caps with blood to strengthen one's sou l. Srll al), cogon grass (llI/perafa cylilldrica), is used for roofs of houses (Svantesson ef al. forthcomi ng). 6g2. Raal) wan is cypress vine (Ipomoea quamocfir). 7a1. Crim (Craluxylum) is a tree which the swidden fa nners do not want to have in their field s si nce it makes the soil bad for grow ing rice (Svantesson er al. forthcomi ng). 7a2. May be sung by a mature man (around 30) to a teenage girl . 7a3. Cu m (So/allulII eriallflwlII ) is a plant which grows at the foot of a mountain and ncar valleys. In the hot season people go to collect the young leaves and boil them , and then use the water to make stews tasty (Svantcsson er at. forth coming). For ITO see comment to 6f6; for raal) r~:>n comme nt to 6d I, for mxm comment to 4a3. 7a4. For chia, see comment to 5d I. 7a5. For dragon, see comment to 3c3. 7a8. A respectful song to a woman and in praise of a vi llage. Wooden logs and stones are used for damming up. 7b2:2. For crl'Xly see comment to 2c I. 7b3:1. This is sung by women. Crl)e is a fragrant herb. During the rice harvest ing people wear this plant , so that the rice soul will follow them home and stay with their families (Svantesson ef al. forthcomi ng; cf. also crwaa!) herb in comme nt to 8a4). 7cl. Thi s song was made after people left their villages and became refugees. How this popular song can be used is exemplified by D2a: 2, D2a: 5. KIa (Sacchamll/ ~poll1al1 ellln) is the large wi ld sugarcane while ctep is a smaller variety of grass. They grow in young fallows and in the fi elds, but if there are too many of them, the soil becomes unsuitable for growing rice or other plants (Svantesson et at. forthcom ing). TOOl) is actually that part of a village, which belongs to one common-house. For en, see comme nt to I a3 . 7c2. LI)\i (M allgijera indica) is mango which is both wild and cu lti vated. L?O!), ironweed ( Verollia cinerea), grows in fie lds and young fa llows, and its leaves and young stems are edi bl e. After the rice harvest, the women go to collect different crops from the field s and also some of this plant which is steamed and eaten with rice (Svantesson ef at. forthcomi ng). 7dI. For crh61), see comment to 6f6. 7d6. For krCcI), see comment to 4a2. Cnt rtam is a wooden needle used for binding nets (Svantesson ef al. forthcomi ng). 7d7. For en. see comment to la3. 7d8. Krsuufi, pako (A thyriuIII escu/cllfum), is an edible fern. During the hOI season people go to collect the young shools and prepare food from them (Svanlesson ef (II . forthcoming). 7d9. The rhyme words wi ll be changed dependi ng on which village name is used. This song could be sung by a woman expressi ng a wish (or joking about) getting married and move. For sp5 see comment to 5a I. 7dlO. Thi s song was made after people left their villages and became refu gees. It was made by people who stayed behind. R'Xlk is a Kammu dialect and geographic di vision. 7d ll. Chinese silvergrass, plaa!) (M iscallfllll.l' sillellsi s), has very sharp leaves (cf. also comme nt to 3c2). Lmscek (Scleria bancana) is a kind of grass with a triangular cross-
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section . It is ro ugh as a file and people easily cut their hands on it (Svanlesson et at. forthcomi ng). 7d12 . FOrta!) see commenl10 6d2. 7dB. Kam Raw learnt this song from lin uncle who Sling it in the hf'.'h manner at the garden plol. T he two men mentioned in the song both lived in the village of Srk:ip. 7d16. Cf. 02e: 7. For en, see comment 10 la3.
B. Songs of Various Sit uations 8al :I-2. SnIOoY, ridged luffa (Luffa Gel/tal/gllla) is a small gourd which is grown in the fields. Khdal (Analltls comosus) are grown in some vi llages and planted around the tea plots and gardens ($vamesson et al. forthcom ing). 8a2. For kmp::', see comment 10 6f l . For en, see comment to 1a3.
8a3. Ktcr, carambola, star fru it (AverrllOa cammbola) has a wild and a cultivated variety. The fruit is yellow and in cross-section it looks like a star (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). 8a4. Crwaal] is a kind of herb with fmgmnt leaves and fragra nt wh ite flowers. People sow the seeds in the fiel ds in April or May, when they are sowing rice, and in October it bears flowe rs. Duri ng the rice harvest the leaves and flowers are mixed with cooked rice and daily fed to the rice sou l at the foot of the decorated pole (c6h) in the field. The women and young girls wear thi s herb on their ears and put some in the ir baskets in order to please the rice soul, which is believed to fo llow them home lmd stay in the village (Lundstrom and Tayani n 1982: 11 4 ff. . Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng; cf. also lal] flower in comme nt to 6<12 and cTl]C in comment to 7b3: I) 8bl. Sung for example on the way home late at evening after fi shing. KliJI: (Leea indica ) is a shrub which grows in the forest. When there is a risk of a landslide in the fiel ds. it is used for weavi ng a sign (taalec) which is put up on a stick driven into the ground. This is because the dragon spirit is considered to be afraid of this plant (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng) Cf. D2b: 8. 8b2. Sung, for example, while wal king up a mountain path in the daytime. 9al. The rat snake is ed ible and non- poisonous. The sand snake is considered del icious. The tlJyes is a crested gibbon (Svantesson et al. forthcoming). 9a2. Chuk (Bambusa) is a medium sized bamboo used for house building. Kl llUs is an aromatic herb si milar to basil (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). 9aS. The song evokes the pict ure of the person staying behind in the field s after the friend(s) returned to the village. 9a7. Rit (Albizia chillellsis). 9bl. Frog catching was usually done by young boys and girls at nighttime in the season that people worked in the fields (TaYlmin and Lindell 1991: 138- 139), Thi s is when torches were used, which in songs symbolize togetherness. Cntr! is a fragran t herb used in ceremonies, for instance when people call back a lost sou l, sacrifice a water buffalo. rebu ild a house or hold a wedding. Each family member put these herbs on their ears to please their own soul s (Svantesson et al. fo rthcom ing). For dragon, cf. comment to 3c3. IOa 2. Lpa is a kind of oak used for bui lding temporary fieldhouses and fe nces. For 17(1), see comment to 7c I. IOnS. For the theme of beauty or ugli ness being contagious, cf. 6f6. This t rn~n is the first Kammu song ever printed in the original language (Roux and Tran 1927: 169- 222; a translat ion of that particular version has been presented by Proschan 1989: 5-6). 10n6. The grey-headed parakeet is in certain sit uations a bad omen (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). When they fl y together and tum over, the color of the flock quickly
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changes. The raay tree is believed to have a bad spirit and is also taken as a bad omen (Svantesson er al. forthcoming). Ii ai. This song is modelled on 7d9. For sp~, see commenl to Sa l. C. Words of Address C3a-h. For plaal), see comment to 3c2. C3c. For plaal), see comment to 3c2. Lmceem, Chinese knotwecd (Polygollllm chillem'e) is an edible plant which grows on black stones on river banks (Svantesson er al. forthcomin g). C4a. For phlal), see commcnt 10 3c2. C5a,c. For krSUUD, see comment to 7d8. C7a·b. l2x>rp5.. tonga vine (EpipremllulIl pimwfum). C8a-b. Sfipaay, cowpea (Vigna chillensis I? f). ClOa-b. Klme, sugarcanc (Saccharum officinarum). C1 4. The meaning of the word uul is unclear. It may be a rhyme word thai has taken on the meaning of its main word luul [old fri ends]. In the rather closely related language Mlabri ( uuJh mean s 'firewood' (Rischel 1995: 342). CISa. Crplip, edible fruit that grows on a tree. CISb. Cntn'tm, silkreed (Neyraudia reynaudialla).
DI. Suites Dl:1. Three trn;xm on closely related themes about loneliness while staying in fields arc linked to each other into a suite. DI:2. This suite is about departure and about stayi ng away - not necessarily for trading and not necessari ly in Thailand, though this was actually the case (the singer stayed in Lampang). 01:3. Thi s is an example of how trn;x,m praising food and wine may be combined in a su ite. D2. Song Exchanges D2a:1. Kam encourages the others to start singing, addressing them as friends of about the same age. D2a:2. sten begins. He prai ses the StpuUl village and sings to those who (w ill) stay to take care of the vil lage. Tluum (Sola llllm lIigrum). I1)s5::'1) (Ut~'ea cllbeba). D2a:3. Ktew cont inues by encourag ing the people there to be more acti ve in singing, blami ng them for avoiding or disliking the company. 02a:4. Naa !) , a young female, sings a greeting song addressed to friends of the same age and ex pressing shyness. She goes on to sing of trad ing. Thi s is probably an address to Kam who was goi ng to leave for Sweden in a few days. The very end of the song is missing. 02a:S, Another Kam, who stemmed from the village Kmp;,;,l, also sings about parting and leaving people behind. D2a:6. Naal) goes on singing about friendshi p. This is di rected to Kam Raw who was to depart for Sweden. She asks him to lake care when he travels and nOI to forget their friendship. She breaks into tears. D2a:7. Kam soothes her, using the song 6f2 mixed with words for addressi ng friends, thereby stressing that the friendshi p will last and that he will never forget. 02b:1. Ta Uay beg ins with a visitor's greeting song interwcav ing lines about shyness
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284
COmlllel1lS 0 11
Ihe
Songs
and polite ly addressing his nephew. D2b:2. Kam returns the greeting song by usi ng the paired trn ~rn . He also returns the shyness, say ing thaI there is no ground for it, and he addresses his uncle politely. D2b:3. Ttl Uay pmises the house. Plees, Himalay:m mu lberry (Mortis macrollra). D2b:4. Kam repeats the greeting song, thereby deprecating the house and pmisi ng his uncle. D2b:S. Tii Uay asks him not to exaggerate the pmising and in his turn praises the hmd (he was abroad at the lime, visiting Sweden from his new homeland the USA) and the food . Kii ay YAA is a variant of Jal ily slfh which is w mmon in the vi ll age of Srkap, dose to Kam's home village Rmcual. Hm lli k is the aleurone layer of a rice grain here translated by its Swedish name 'si lver fi lm' (silverhinna). D2b:6. Kam deprecates his own food saying that he has noth ing 10 offer. D2b:7. Ta Laay praises the food. For chla, see comment to 5d I. D2b:8. Kam praises T5 Utay by combining the trn ~ I b4, 2a I and 8bl into a suite. D2b:9. Ta Utay returns this with a su ite de precating himself, aski ng not to exaggerate and also praisi ng Kam's wealth. D2b:lO. As the you nger of the two, Kam goes on with two respect ful t rn ~ which he perfonns intertwined. D2b: II. Ta Utay praises Kam. D2e:1. Kam starts the si nging by combining two trn~ that are sui table for a visitor to sing. They are performed in an order normal to Kam . D2e: 2. l..C£I) starts with a line from a polite segment (6f2) wh ich is not completed later on in the performance but continues directly into other polite words. He builds his reply on the answer to Klun ' s t rn ~ ObI) and makes it a frame for his perfonnance by beginning with it and not completi ng it until the very end o f his answer. In between he puts a suite consisting of two t rn ~ (4cl, 6c3) and also polite segments. He praises Kam and expresses his own humility. For Imceem, see comment to C3c. Lmca (ClllIkrasia) is a tree with berries (Svantesson et al. fort hcoming ). D2e:3. T hese are two t rn~ perfonned as a suite . Both belittle the singer in response to the praising done by the other party. D2e:4. Lee!) goes on to speak about answering Kam's singing and ex presses his worries that the result will not be good enough . D2e:S. Kam answers politely and praises UCI)'S voice. D2e:6. Here the introductory exch,mge of polite trn~n is over and llil) conti nues by singing about Kam and how much the people at home have missed him. These are perhaps pre-existing trnm that have been c hanged to fit this particular situation by substituti ng certain words for re levant ones, but they might also be newly invented. The trn~ develops into a suite and musically the lines are mai nly grouped as two or three. L?u ur, spiny amaranth (Amarantlllls SpiIlOSIIS), is an edible plant (Svantesson et al. forthcomi ng). D2e:7. Kam answers with a traditional t rn ~n which is thematically linked to the previous one. He keeps his answers short. This is the part of the singi ng when the other party expresses his thoughts. D2e:8. This statement starts and ends wilh variants of pre-ex isting trn~. T he middle part is newly invented or hi ghly varied. Here the singer lists major events in Kam's life year by year (which are correct in general b ut not in detail). Klpa l), orchid tree (Ballhinia mriegara). [The si nging stopped when it was interrupted by visitors. I
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APPENDIX 2: INDEX OF KAM RAW'S REPERTOIRE
A
Songs of Feasting GREETING SONGS
".,,, 1,2
,,3 ,,4
h Ibl Ib2
Ib3 1b4
A visitor 6 TXII mok mlal] k'ii An p:x:. n~] trnS-l)' ca;, r'--x Aay k~ rXt ten taa tlrn~J
fT.'ltuil tila
m~
1M)
klcer
y:tt
Altost 1':Xl rXt kilal) k~ k'ii An ilay n~:JI) tmJ:J)' C~:J TXII Klmt kllial), ;)ay, kuut kllial] Hum] mee kian tlla sli
I came to this mountain village If you had known a visi tor would come I indeed squatted down outside the village, peeping in I go anywhere there is the smell of meat You came into thi~ house If I had known a visitor would come Come in, friend, come in The word has spread that you were climbing up frolll below
2
REWECTFU L SONGS
"2" 2,2 2a3
Proising a perwn Pilal] IAA p:'lJ ptn Qal) Pr'tal] hlial) lree n~ prwa;,y t:'lk PJ:> kJ:JIl klto] n~) rnll1l y3J ~cn
It is said that you are Qal) People say that you know more than others You are altogether truly masters and sirs
b 2bl 2b2
Praising beal/ty Nhl) tlan t;)a rOorj cOl) Iblrn kl~ kh.it sl)khy
You step out from the high palace Your hair-knot is gracefully tied
2" 202 2"
SOllgs of Itl/mility KXly SJJlI (, S:Xll) p1lt. saam pat KTIS k:xJ wilan Th p'IC aay yh pr'tal]
J USt teach me two or three times Correct me if I do wrong Don't abandon lIle to stay with others
d 2dl: 2dl: 2 2d2: I 2d2: 2
SOllgS of.lelf-deprecmioll Aay m:tt k;'Qn nJ:JI] ne Aay m:tt k&>n nJ:JI] ne Aay m;m phii 1'-'lI] mial] Aay m;m phii t'Xtl) lim]
I am I am I alii I am
2,1 2,2
SOllgs of socia/lmity Khi al) ruur ruutCl]rllUt PrJ aay yet ruam klil)
When it looks like an epide mi c is getting near I wish we could stay together in the village
3
SONGS OF PRAISE
"3"
61~ Ccw mlal) ca kntiil) Iwaal)
3a2 3,3
nin tti n trnal) tx»: Tal) klil) t;)a hn luk IJJ yilan
b 3bl 3b2
Praising (/ hOllse RI]t~] bay ph;'Qn kila kbay kh 6 kS-"lIl pS-1l yhy rOoI) tmdl s.iam '-"lIl1
,
,
Praising all (lrca or a
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still small like a little child sti ll small like a little child a spirit wandering the land a spirit of the yellow leaves
~'iII11ge
I then visit a distant land on the far side of heavcn Tramping feet on the covercd bridge Your village is built in the valley where bron7.e drums are moulded
The first time I climb a stai rcase Indeed I walk around a c3stleporth pole three men can't embrace
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286
Kllmmll SOllgs
303
Kaar] r" U) Illas px,tXlk yAh cr1il
3b4
R!1yXt hrni:lm diil
,
3cl
Allhe fronllhc roof of your house is CQvered wi lh gold Long. hanging bamboo stri ps of gold
Pmisillg witte emd/oat.!
3c5
~c~oc~hii~n
3,~
PUU(; pi:l kXln I~m 1l1tan om ka 6p~milh pr'iim RXli pnyaap kilaJ] kh5.Jl]
Your wine jar is indeed huge Who scrves me from Ihe measuring cup Wherc did you make the wine You are serving me wine till I die If you don't help me, I will die Yuur wine is indeed delicious like fish SQup I eat prime rice I come and empty the house of my good friend
Praisillg II gift Rap laa t'i lita haalJ Rap 13a fi lila h:lal]
I receive this from your red-l'()3ted h3nd I receive this from your red-coated hand
Klal] puuc piJ kJ;)[l m1m sCs aay Il! phXll)
3c2
M~
3c3
T im m!! p:o rUI] puuc
3,4
P:Jophaan0 YA/\ puuc
3c7
3" ,/
3"'
3d2 4
SONGS OF DEPRECA TION
"4aJ
Gl!I1er(ll
Tua k5JI1
~
clCk
4a2
Rmllt1l1 (ita !tim] ca
4a3
p::o kXJn pnpb: 0 mutlnm\\ Raam b !I;.1Y. plJka 0
4,4 b 4bl 4b2
Deprecating 0111.' 'J' Iwm'/! Kaalj wk. khl) llmXlr] Pt k pflim. cntr.ll] pflim
"4<1
Deprecating 0111.' 'J' wine (l11(/food
4<' 4<3
P\JUC 0 mN'! puuc caail b l!1
5
SONGS OF SPECIAL FEASTS
"Sal
The rice s()111 feost Spj tim m;, kj.)[ l~e i'l11y P5I1 nay m~ pJh p~ muan
5a2 b
5bl
,
Indeed. don't exaggerate so mueh What is believed at a distance Indeed, you outdu fragile me I am 35hamed, oh. I am embarrassed
Klal]
tMn
rna (I
Tile /llln'es/ fetu/ Hua1] p::o p'+an 1]5 r::oy
A huuse on the outsk irts , by the edge ufthe village Anci!:nt crossbeams, ancient postS With a wine jar small as a thumb My wine is what I could gather by begging I then have nothing to serve you
Where did you CUt the giant bamboo My bamboo clapper is not melod ious It is rumoured that you got a hundred basketfuls of rice
The (Ifllm gil'ingfellJ/ Krlnk crir Incri r
T he slit drum rolls and rumbles
"5"'
5d2 5d3
Tile .....eddingfe(/~'I allOt slj kom CllUr tna k;\al) U!;;. wee k~, h:);) n;\a1]
Fasten ing the nower Descend from your house T hen come to your home. oh dear
b
SONGS OF CHEERING AND SINGING
"6al
SllIrling Skli rn~ nili
6a2
T~ml h~
Today is a good day, a nice day Lei us sing
b 6bl
IIII'iring a person 10 sing ~er aay mooy pilar krl Jh
If you give me one or two words
5"
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Ie
I~.
wiln muall
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287
llldex of Kam Raw's Rel,erToire
,
Agreeing 10 sing
Ii"
6 c~;) rnp ICc Ie Ina kilm'li hal)
"2 "3
K5:)1l kh5;)y tim tOol] s6k c;);) rap imliiila ~ t5:lp cU lee 15:lp
"6<11 6<12
Praising anolher's I'oice K5:)1l (001) laa pkl;lik MCc s'lal) cilu tee dli psak
, 6" 6<2 6<3
f
6f! 61'2 613 6['
6rs 6[6
,
6g1
6,2 6,3
I will reccivc ~nd relurn your beauliful words T he poor child fT()m the OUlskirts will reply your song eloquently T hough I cannot, [ would like to answer Villagers. don 'I diMurb He~lring my friends' voices suddenly makes me feel good
Deprecating one's 011'11 I'oke Tr601) auy m~ Ir6ol) p~ Ir5 M;, rnC<: laa kmnel) Mil m;, naa (.11 11lI."c IrOOl) milan
My Ihroal is not at all good Anyone who hears. don't liSlen Lildy. who wanlS 10 hear a nice voice
Pall/lUling. leruillg allll advising Taa I)::', laa pl]kil Tihl V.h, laa I~n'l Ha kJal. laa hrJ1(.u Srn;\a n an pian Ie ~ ku rn5 tr]yian Imp"] Llal) e;, I~]k:oy yel yt-. ... e;,
Don'l be afraid, don'l be embarrassed Don'l lalk like Ihat Don'l be angry, don'l be s~d Be brave if you wanl 10 gel marri(."(] Even if you don't want 1o, you ean speak a li ll ie My ugliness surely Slays wilh me
Plirling K ~y yel ~rn pry;,;,q K5J11 rn;, taa paaw th5JY taa lee LmpiJQ an nam] n~ plil n;,;)(i
Dmgons, slay well Don'l anyone hurry 10 give in Sweet lalk cannot m all persuade our friend 10 have
'oo 7
SONGS OF VARIOUS SUBJECt'S
"7,1
Abol/Ilore lIlId bea/lly An 0 Plan tee te cilu taan K'ial yt-.h eta tee why khwaay Naal] rnlcen k5:)(l rna m~ M:;, pan naal) te plra Ma aay an by y:.tl waay ....~e Aay PiP n1l.31) eJor:jx, U m~ ah hrnok cr5;ry ciiil Krno yem nllal) wee tila rnuum
7,2
"3 7,4 7" 7,6 "7 7,8
om"" 7"
N1ta1) rer ?yel 7yet h60c 1I.h prt ll)
7alO
Kntriim kh&l!] taa nlc
b
Abollllrading Aay p~1 ea kJJY ell Tau tlim kilal), Ilim rC Aay mN'! k&m nJJI) nt P~I Ihan p;');)ll~ ....~e Aay p~1 praa 11m wec Aay I;';' pnphial tee p~1 ca Aay IJJ £:cw saaw cl kntiil) h0.31) Aay t6kstet rnial] larnp3.a1] Kuuii mok I;' n~] kilay
7b1 7b2: I 7b2:2 7b3: I 7b3: 2
7M 705 7b6 7b7
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If I find me a sweelheart 10 marry I am sad for my general ion grew old 100 soon Which mother's child arc you, dear Who gave you your beauty, my dear Mother asked me to go and 10 hurry home I mel a beautiful sweetheart Luc ky he, who wears a golden chain My dear is lovely returning from bathing in the .'V!-slream A darling dear so sweet. so sweet, already has a master My dear has been contraeted for since we were children
[ trade far away and slowly Don't Irust Ihe fields and houses I am still small like a little child Retum when you have tmdcd enough [ am still trading, is is not yet time to return Fruitlessly I Iraded alone far away I visit a girl far away in Ihe courtyards of heaven I get lonesome in Lampang town To sec the mountains makes me want 10 return
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288
KlllIIlIIlI
,
About de/Xlr/ure K ~ yi::l, kiJy dJ:Jnl kUI] Sip p'ii taa paaw T
7,1 7c2
d 7", 7d2 7d3 704 7", 7d6 7d7
T ake good care. look after Ihe village weill Tcn ye3fl; may pll!;~.1 won't forgctthm soon
About longing
MOl) kiun 1Ooc. kian lboc Pd:xx: lee y::':> pr'mlJ Trk~ TXt k:oy TXt b~t~llPY~ An ailY m~ siim <:-Tum Yern 0 I~t p:n dte. sr?cclJ pX> dte PrS mill!] kuuii nJk~ aay y~
PrJ nilm] kuuii ;mlek
708 7d9 7dlO
Pr5l) wee mok Rrm;ual KhS::lIJ ~Iiwli aay Him mlal]
7dll
KiJy yel k:) n~l aay
7dl2 7dl3 7dl4
7dl5
Tiia pic mok om Kia!) M~ y::tJ laa Smpiar b ki7flt6ksCct dtlJkncillJ Aay 1~ pic kaal). pic kntiil]
7dl6
f>:Kl yel kUI) ten kiwI]
,
SQlIg~
B
n~
T he moon it grows ,md wanes. grows lilld wanes I trit-d 10 comfort myself with olher pt:ople T he thoughts kecp 011 coming I will send my song If I were a drongo-bird When I think of you. oh. long for you I wish you could see the mountain ridge where I walk I only wish you could see me a lillie Wish I cou ld (:orne to the village of Rrncual My round-faced dear has left for a forcign land 2 T akc good care and wait only for mc Don' l abandon Kial)-strcam arca You who h3ve been to thc Smpiar Rive r [ a lii indeed nung away. feeling forlorn I then left Illy house and left my homeyard You who stay in the village. sitting in the house
o! Various Sil l/ario/Is
SONGS OF THE FOREST
The "Iowlluin ptllh~'
" 8al:
Tnkian prla!) caal mlth. caal om
8al" 2
T nki an pilar] kia n kw~x. kia ll kw~x
,,2 8a3
SOllgs
KJ ni. nanl]. k611i
8a4
P.:'h mOl) C1)kwa I} n K:ny pXli knOO] klaal]
b
The birds
'bl
PrIm] hUll!) (nee klia mok kli,[ mial)
8b2
Mee yhm
~
m*' lila ni s1:Xlk
On the ascending path people bring food and water On the ascellding path people dirnb up and pass over Waitlhere, dear, wait there Moonlight. widen out my path J ust walking along the mount3in ridge T hey say you travel far and wide Why are you singing there. barbet
9
SONGS OF T HE FIELDS
"9al
About (ollelilleH ~ cra It aay prim NitaJ] ycttaa luk rilU. muan diu NaaJ] yet Irntbh bm yem lIay yet Irla les pl)ka Ryee l) mat prl kum 516h c3l)kncill) yaam kaay Prlal] iic(1 n~] ah kl~
[ had not thinned out my overgrown field My dear stays where people are happy togethcr Dear, you stay upstream When close to you ['m shy T he sunset is nearly past [ walk back all by mysclf and cry ing Others who are JX)Orstill have their hair
Frog-mlciling Skii k~ I~ mah m+j
Whm kind of day is it today
9,2 9,3 9a4 9a5
9,6 9,7 b
9bl
,
m~
T his song was composed after peoplc left their villages (re fugee song), T his song was composed after people left their villages to live in foreign countries, People who remained behind composed il.
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289
llldex of Kam Raw's Rel,enoire
10
SONGS OF YOUNG PEOPLE
"[Oat
Abolll girls
lOa2 [Oa3
Ul m~ pian tCe looy knni Nit,LlJ ith mit sma,m KJJI1 kUIJ tCe p~ lIun m~ te
[Oa4 lOa5 [Oa6 [Oa7
Ndal) haa cnam ?yiJk Kh 5:'11} sypOOy ~ tooy plJk'lit Nitaq flak y?lh.liak kituy 'lYh kIm [1\ay kmhot
b [ObI [Ob2 [Ob3
Joke SOllgl'
II
50118 m(lde by K(JIII R(lIt';1I Sweden
[ [:[
Ul m~ pian tee wec mtal) Swiden
Lucky he. who can follow behind My dear has an iJl- tempered mother [ would not let a stnmger mmTy a girl from my village Whcn a girl is fair is the right timc to tease hcr I will follow and [can aga inst my beautiful dear Dear. choosing to leave. choosing to return De[iciou s tobacco is carefully wnlpped up
PUq plilm] aay p~ cMay kuur,i 'lWiat mian 1wlat rna mlwn Kh 5:'ll} aay y~ taa SrlJip
Blowing the f1ute I ca nnot makc trills I am tired [ike a pregnant woman My dear is in Srkfip Lucky he. who can come to Sweden
C
Words of Address
[ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 [[ [2 [3 [4 [5
AddJ'Cl;sing: genem[ and respectful Addressing visitor(s) in gencra[ Addressing wife-givers: Cern Addressing another clan: cia l'ancestry'1 AddJ'Cl;sing a sister' S father-in-[aw: kuuil Addressing a woman on wifc-givcrs' side Addressing an aunt's daughter: kJ Addressing an elder brother: taay Addressing an elder brother's wife: ptlay Addressing a grandson or son-in-law: ce Addressing you ng villager(s) Addressing female vi llager(s) Addressing male villager(s) Addressing (male) fnendCs): y;, Addressing by first name
IJ
Origin of tile SOllgs ill Kalil Raw's RepertQire
10
Learnt from: 3 Mil" Rliw (eldest brothcr):
I a2. [b2. [b4. 2al. 2a2. 2c [. 2c2. 3c5. 4<:1. 4<:2. 4<:3. 6d I. 6g2. 6,3
Cal R(I II' (third brother):
la3. Ib3. 7a2. 7a5, 7b1. 7b2: I, 7b2: 2. 7b3: 2, 7b4, 8a3, 8bl. 9.6 2bl. 2b2. 2d[: I. 2d 1: 2, 4al. Sal. 5a2, ScI. 6c2. 60: I. 60: 2, 6f5, 6f6. 7a4, 7a7, 7a8. 7b5, 7b6. 7(:2, 7d2. 7d9. 7d12, 9al. 9a2, 9a3,9a5, lOa6. IUb[ 2c3. 4bl. 5b [. 6c3. 7a l. 7a3. 7a6. 7a9. 7a 10. 6f4. 6g l. 7d l. 7dl l. lOa4 7b74
Khifm L.'lillJ.
R;lwLi.11J.
;
•
This list is made from Kam 's memory and is uncertain on some points. Learnt whcn they were in Thailand in 1954-55, standing on the Thai side of the Mekhong looking over to the Laotian side.
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290
Kllmmll SOllgs
CJ}S;i7.
lOa2
Miin R;lw.
7d3
SCII)fm.
SiipCj.;r.
Tif y:x.n: 'Yh} Wifi/1}: 'gir!!;':
IOb2
,,3
lOa3 9a7 7b3: ]3, 7dl36
YOI}H:fkC~
(=T;f C,i;>, Srkap viIl1IgC): 6d2 YUIj Sfh) Pix} (~Jpl;)J village): 5d I. 5d2. 5d3. 6e1 M:5a PI.b(MOIJknllJ village): 134. 2d2: 2 Tm~Kw~cn :
3b3,6c2. 6c3,6f2, 7cl. 7d4, 7d8, 7d10. 8b2[?]. 9bl, [Oal. IOa5
Tm:'oy Cwlw: Til I}Xly (Tm:XJy Uu):
3b3,9114 7d5 7b67, II: [
Kam Raw composed:
, , 7
Learnt from some girls since this is usually a girl's song. They sing it in order to call back their boyfriends when they went to work in Thailand. Learnt from a Srkap girl who sang it 10 M:o Ltd Made after Kam Raw came to Thailand.
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PRIMARY SO URCES Rcrordings of Kam Raw 's singing, 1972- 96, Sec App. ],
R EFERENCES Boulbct. Jean ( [ 972) Dialogue /yriqlle des Call Mao '. Paris: Ecole Franrraisc d ' Exlremc-Oricnt. Complon. Carol J. (1979) COllrlill!; Poelry ill LlIOI,.: A Texllla/ (Iud Lillgllislic Aualysis. Northern Illinois University, Center for Southea~t Asian Studies Special Report 1R. De Kalb. Dou rncs. lacques ( 1987) Florilege jorai. La Collection Sudcstasic Bibliothcquc. Paris: Editions Sudcstasic. ( 1990) Florilege sr!. La Coll ection Sudestasie Bibliotheque. Paris: Editions Sudeslasie. lzikow itz, Karl Gustav (195 1) lAmel. Hill Pel/salliS ill French /udochillll. Et nologiska Siudicr 17. Gotcborg: Etnograliska Mu scct. L indell, Kri stina ( 1988) 'Rhyme-pivot sayings in northern Kammu ' , In Leir Liurup (ed.), Antl/ccllI HlIfnien.~ill. 25 Yet"S of EtlS! Asian SludieJ in Copenhagen. Occasional Papers 3. Copenhagen: Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, pp. 88- 99. Lindell. Krist ina. Hakan LundstrOm. Ja n-Olof Svantcswn and Dam rong Tayanin (1982) The Kall1l11u Yet". l IS Lore a/UI MIII,.ie, Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Studies on Asian Topies No.4. London/Malmo: Curzon Press. Lindell, Kristina. Jan-Ojv ind Swaim and Damrong Tayanin (1984) Fulk Talesfrom Kammll-III. Pearls of Kallmlll li/emlllre. Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series No. 51. London/Malmo: Cur7.0n Press. Lindell. Kri stina. Rolf Samueisson and Da mrong Tayan in ( 1979) 'Kinshi p and marriage in northern Kammu villages II : T he kinship system in action.· Unpu blished 1Jl.';. Lundstrom. H ~kan ( 1983) 'TvA kammu sAnger· [Two Kammu songs[. Or;emal;ska SIIulier (S tockholm). vo ls 43-44. PI}. 50-57. (2005) I w;1I send my song .. Kall1mu I·oml genres ill the sing;1l1! of Kalil Raw. NIAS Press [with CDr· Lundstrom. Hakan and Damrong Tayanin ( 1982) 'Music in the fie lds·. In Kristina Lindell e/ al. (cds): The KlUllmu yet". Its Lore lmd MI,sic. Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studi es. Studies on Asian Topics No. 4. pp. 60-160. l..ondon/MalmO: Cur7.011 Press. MorXhand. Guy (195 I) 'Folklore musical Jarai et Bahnar·. Bulletitt de la SocietC d' tllldes huiochillQises (Saigon). vol. 26. no. 3. pp. 357- 383. Mallin, Jean (19&0) 55 chmus d·lUllauf "'mong lJIanc. Bangkok: T he Siam Society. Proschan. Fmnk (1989) ' Kmh mu verbal art in America: The poetics of Kmhmu verse·. Ph. D.: Universi ty of Tcxas at Austin. UMI no. 9016959. Rischel. Jorgen (1995) Millor MllIhri. A HlIl1Ier-Gatherer LlIIrguage of Northern Indochina. Copenhagen: Mu seum Tusculanum Press. University ofCopenhagcn. Roux. Henri and Tran Van Chu (1927) ' Lcs T sa Khmu·. Bullelin de !'Ecole Fmnrllise d'Extreme Oriel1l (Hanoi), vol. 27, pp. 169- 222, [Reprinted in FflIllce-Mie (Saigon) 1954. pp. 92- 92. 297- 3571. Scot!. J. George ( 1900) Gllzelleer of Upper /Jurma alllilile Slum SillIes pan L vol. I. Rangoon (new edition AMS Prc~~. New York). Svantcsson. Jan-Olof. Damrong Tayanin, Kristina Li ndell. Hakan Lundstrom (fc.) ·Kammu Yuan English Dictionary,' [Computer print outl. Tayanin. Damrong ( 1994) /Jeing KlIIIWW. My I'illllge, my hfe. Ithaca/New York: Cornell Uni versity. Southeast As ia Program.
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292
Kammll Songs
Tayanin. Damrong and Kristina Lindell (1991) Humillg ((IJ(I Fi~hillg ill a KanUlm Vii/age. Scandinavian Institute of Asi~n Studies: StUlJies on Asi~n Topics No. 14. LomlonfM~lmo: Curwn Press. Viravong. Maha Sila (1970) Slilltha/,1kslina t Wliymiakxm Maw, ph,1ak sli IMan ual of versification: Laotian grammar. Book 4]. Vientiane: Ministry of Education. IQuoted in Compton 1979].
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