27 downloads
721 Views
5MB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
Æ Æ #
! "
$ !
% $%
# $
% "
&
$
% ! ' ( )
' * '
$
Æ
% &
!
("+",
-
. / & ("+", * 0 ("+",
("+",
1
! "# 2
3
&
)
4
5
/
$ %
( ("+", &
("+",
66
("+",
5 & )
)
"
&
("+",
$ % -
"
&
7
(
8
&
) $#
)
6%
" 966
$ % $
%
$ %
)
$ %
"
:
*
)
"
5 66 #
5 66
5 66 & 5 66 *
' 7 5 668 !
+ ; / < + = = 1 . / & "
!
) / 66 & + 4 5 > 4
+
" & ?@
1 ( < . / & < /& @AA?
+ + < ; ,
$ % "#
B
??
# = 6
?2
?
= =
?:
?2
= (
?B
?3
" 5 1
?C
?:
1 D /
@
?
&
:
1
2
# . 5 1 6
B
:
3
5 1 / =
C
:
E 5 / F
2@
B
/# 9 G E 5
2H
#
2?
!! "
&
2
1
22
/
1
3C 3C :@
23
" E =
::
2:
= = *
B@
2B
= 5 1 1
B3
2H
= * 1 1 9) + -
BB
2A
5
2C
, = +
2?@ /
BH
H2
9 G I 5
H:
!! "
$
3?
&
A:
3
1
A:
H
A
32
; 9 5 =
AB
33
1 & 9
C:
3:
,
3B
( 9
3H
/
CA
?@?
9 G 5 /
?@C
% & '!
(
:?
&
??H
:
1
??H
:2
E E / F
:3
= E / F
?@
::
& = ( *
?2
:B
" , =(* = =(*
?:
:H
E / F
?H
:A
5 E *
?C
:C
5 1
?23
:?@ /# 9 1 5
) ' % & '!
??A
?2B
B?
&
?3:
B
1
?3:
B2
E " =(*
?3H
B3
9 F 1 & / F
?3C
B:
9 F * / F
?:
BB
F ( / F
?::
BH
5
?:C
BA
9 ( F
BC
/# 9 E 5
%*
J7 8K +
?BB ?BH
((
, ) ' (# ( % & '!
$
H?
&
?A?
H
1
?A
H2
; E / F
?A2
H3
( =(* 5E*
?AA
H:
& ( / F
?C
HB
( / F
HH
9 F
HA
; (
HC
?C:
@@
@2
= / F -
@B
C
H?@ ; 5 *
?
H?? 5 1 / F
?3
H? /# 9G" 4 /
?:
( %* -".-/0 1 "
$
(
!! " +
A?
&
H
A
1
A
A2
5 = ( *
C
A3
; 5 ( =(*
2
A:
1 = 5
2H
AB
( 5 =(*
3?
AH
5 1 , 5
3H
AA
/# 9G( 4 +
# %
. & '!
3A
#
C?
&
:C
C
1
:C
C2
/ F = ( *
B@
C3
B2
C:
9 F
BH
CB
; ( 5 *
HB
CH
5 = ( *
HH
CA
5 1 / F
A@
CC
/# 9 & 5
A2
2 & '!
#(
?@? &
CH
?@ 1
CA
?@2 E 5 / F
CC
?@3 =E* =
2@3
?@: & =E*
2@H
?@B 5 E *
2?:
?@H
2
?@A ( / F
2C
?@C 5 1
22B
?@?@/# 9 1 5 +
23@
2 %*
'!
%+ & .
?@
2 ! 3 4 * 4 + ) '
??? &
2::
?? 1
2::
??2 E 9 F
2:B
??3 9 F & =E*
2B?
??: 9 F * / F
2B2
??B F (
2BH
??H 5 *
2H?
??A = ( 5 ,
2H2
??C 9 ( F
2HB
???@/# 9 G 5 1
2HB
) ' + .
& '! $( & '!
$#
?? &
2AC
? 1
2C@
?2 ; E / F
2C?
?3 ( =E* ; 5E*
2CC
?: & ( / F
3@3
?B
3@B
?H 9 F
3?B
33
?C = / F -
33
??@; 5 *
3B
???5 1
3A
??- 5 /
32?
?A ; (
!! " % " +
?2? &
33:
?2 1
33:
?22 5 =E*
33B
?23 ; 5 ( =E*
3:?
3:B
?2B ( 5 =E*
3:A
?2H 5 1
3:C
?2A /# 9 G / =
3B?
?2: 1 = 5
??
. & '!
#
?3? &
3BC
?3 1
3BC
?32 / F =E*
3H@
?33
3H:
?3: 9 F
3HH
?3B ; ( 5 *
3HC
?3H 5 =E*
3A
?3A = / F -
3A2
?3C 5 1 0 / F
3AH
?3?@/# 9 G 1 E
3AA
!! "
#(
?:? &
3CH
?: 1
3CA
?:2 5 " 1
3CA
?:3 +
3CC
+ D
?:: 5 + ?:B /
:@3
9 G - =
:?:
3 & * %+
-
5 " "! !!*
, +
(
3!
#
5?
E
C
5
1 (
??
52
( ( *
?
53
1 = = E 718 (
?2
5:
9 (
?2
% "
) /
(
!
?
# $
% 9
L
&
4
@ ? 7 @M ?@@M8
1
&
2@M
2 ?@
"
2'?@ D
-
&
@ ?
.
) &
#
&
) ?
) "
N
"
$%
*
/ & CHB
* ??
?2
"!
?3
20
18 16
14 12 10 8 6 4 2
*
??O
1900
"
1920
1940
1960
/
1980
&
2000
?AC:
@@
JD-""'D5E5 @@2K
20
18 16
14 12 10 8 6 4 2
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
* ?O " "! ?AC: @@ JD-""'D5E5 @@2K
33@
* ?
&
?CCC / &
3:
* ?CA3
"!
?:
H2 "
7 ) 8
#
:@ ?@@
* ?2 D
"
:2
1
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
* ?2O -
#
&
$ % &
7 8
, )
"
7
= ?H8 *
CO@@ "( CO?@ "( 5 @ ? Æ -
?B
@
7 8
?
@
N ?@ D K &
J@
& 7
8 !
7
= ?B8 #
! &
7
P8
=
Æ
?@
L - G &
N 3
Æ 3 7
G L 8
#
2 2 3 5 3
J K N 7? 8
7??8
P
7 8P P
N @ ? P N ? 2 @P N ? * N @H: 7 8 N 3 * ?3 & N
@3 0 &
1 O
?H
0.5 0.45 0.4
J K
0.35 0.3
0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0
0
1
2
4
N 3
* ?3O =
3
EL L
5
N @H:
7
8
L 7
8 $%
7
8
&
$
%
&
$ %
*
$%
)
:
! 7 = ?B8 &
)
: B )
0
7 8 N ?
*
?
H8
7
* ?:
7?8
@
?A
0.5 0.45 0.4
7 8
0.35 0.3
0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
* ?:O 0 $%
N ?@ 1 N ?@ !
!
N H $% H " D
: B
7 8 J: BK N
7 8 N @?2:C
7?28
<
7 8
7&
7=E*8 =E*
5 ?@8 " * ?: 3 ?@ = H "
"
2
&
&
?C
! "! !
&
7??8 7?8
*
4
* 2 3
N @H:
N N ? 5
?@@@ )
2
2 J2 K N D ?@@@
7?38
&
#
"
?@@ ?@@@@@@ # * )
& ("+", 7@ ?8
% )
7@ ? K
7@ ?8 "
7? ?8 7@ @ H:K
$
?' ?' +
N @H:
"
Æ
("+", 7 " "
("+",8O
! ! " ! / ?@@@
@
1
)
-
)
, *
B3
@ ?
# ("+", N : ?@
0
4
("+",
# $ % ! " "66 D
) "
"
)
$ %
5
O
5
7
8
7
/8 )
5 7
8
)
("+", ) * 7
8
"
" 966
("+", :
6 7
( ("+",
("+",
## ##
!
* ("+", $
%
?
E #,
( 0
4 D
?CH@ 79 8 * #
! !
; # D
?C:@
7E
F
?
)
8
4 =0 15 = 5; 1
4
(Q 5 , ?CH? 79 8 + 0 "
" "
" # / ( ?CC3 79 8 =! 9
# ! ; # D
?CB@ 75 8 =! 9
$
4 E 1 * ?CB 7(
( 8 = "
% $
4 D
?CB:
75
Æ
( 0
,
8 / 1
! &
= 4 . 1 / D;
@@ 79 8
! $ 9 = 4 . 1 / D ;
1 4 ;# #
@@ 79
8
% , #1
' ! $ !
= 4 9
5L D; ?CA3 9 11 E( * E" 1 $1 & " "&E1 5 %
( ! $ ! F
AH :BG:BC ?CC
0 E9 "1 # ; # (5 + ;4
$950'F50 / E . 1 1 " = &&O & /% : 2:22B? ?CHA
""" ) " F
,(9
& /, $ " " = / ) E ,
F
9) D E %
?3 ?::G?B? ?CA?
; ;4 $" = 9 1 %
1 4 9 = 4 9
! $
5L D; ?CA:
< #1 /0 = 1( < $E 1 = 1 %
""" F
D-""'D5E5 +
BC ?3:?G?:@B D ?CA?
; $5 0 % D - "
" O''
' ' ' ' 2
'D" @@2
* 1 9 ( 0 4 D ?CAC 1 (& $ ( 0 4 D ?CA@ 1 # & $ ; # D ?CAB = ;
6 7 6/7
"
&
6/7
" :
&
6/7
" &
6/7
& / &
@?@ &
CHB
* ??6 / "!
33@
6 7 6/7
E
!
5 -
2
E "( =(
N ?@ ) # 6 D N ?@@@ N ? @@@ @@@ # 6 ( 67 67 5 ? 2 &
6/7
"
N ? 2
J K N ?
6 5
! 6 /
$ 6/7
= ?B
"
#
6 D
& )
6 5 7??8
# 6/7
=
* ?@ . 7??8
N @ ? 2 3
D 7??8 6 & ?@
6
2 6 7 6/7
" ? ) ?
7
8
& 6
4O
E
J N CK 7??8 N ? 6 7 = J K N ? J K 7??8 4O *
N 7 R 8
7 " ,668 . = $%
6 7
&
N
N @
? R ?
?
@
7 8 J K
7 8 6
3
6 7 67
6 7 67
. 7?8
7 8 N H
9
?
4O -
?
H6
?
?
7 S8
S
2S 7 8 S N @? S N
@ @? S N @ @@?
67
1
1 ?3
. ?@@@
# 6 5 7??8
67
/ = ??:
5 * ?3
N @H:
&! 5
1
#
&
5 ?
"
"
!
& 1 2
4
& 1 3 ("+",
1 :
1 B $
%
" ("+", " "
:
B
' "! ! &
!
#
) # L
@ ?
6 1
@ ?
N R 6
)
5 ?66 7 9 ?A668
J@ K
J@ K "
@H ? ?2 ?A ?3 @B @3 5 7 8 J@ @:K 7@: ?K 7? ?:K 7?: K
D
+
+
N A
* ?
? H
&
@:
3
!"
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
* ?O 9 A J@K ?
@H:
&
H
*
D
N ?@@@
450
!"
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
* O 4 )
J@ ?K
+
F 4
$ % #
"
&
N ? N N N ? N ? N ? N N ? N ?3 N 23 N 23 N ?3 # @ @: @: @H: ? R &
"
?
$ % * 2
&
N ?
N ?
4
#
N R R
N R R R " N ?@@@ * 3 &
A
@@@
@:
@:@
@H:
?@@
@@@
@@@
@:
@:@
@H:
?@@
@:
@:
@:@
@H:
?@@
?:
@:@
@:@
@H:
?@@
?:
?:@
@H:
@H:
?@@
?:
?:@
?H:
?@@
?@@
?:
?:@
?H:
@@
?O =
N R
5
!"
4.5 4
3.5 3
2.5 2
1.5 1 0.5 0
0
0.25 0.5 0.75
* 2O 4
1
1.25 1.5 1.75
2
J@ 2K
J@ 3K " 0 4
,
0
7 5 ?:668 D
4
&
! * -
!"
350
!"
350 300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50 0
C
50 0.5
1
1.5
2
0
2.5
0.5
1
&' ( ) *
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
&%' ( + *
* 3O 4
& *
?@@@
:@@ J@@:K :@@ J?:K6
&
?@@@ ? :@@
A
?@
7 = ?H668
"! ! % &
T
#
) "
#
7 8
7 8
O @
2 3 : B
?
?
#
2@
- 78 N N 78
78
D
7@ ?8
7 " " ("+", 8 "
" N 2 7
$ % & % &
8O
$ ' ( "% % '"% & "
. *
0 O
D
$ )
$
"
! +
!
=E* 0 7 1 ?@C668
# ( " % )
! #
=E*
? @
&
2?
N N ? ? N N @ N ? )
4
.
)
.
"
"
* :
1 0.9
# $%
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
0
500
1000
!"
1500
2000
* :O 9 @3 8
N @3
& 7
&
@3
&
#
!
) .
0 & =E*
* B
!! " "
" =E*
! 78
=E*
=E* 7 1 ?2668
J K N
78
7?8
2
0.4
&' ()
0.35 0.3
0.25 0.2
0.15 0.1 0.05 0 −4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
* BO 0
N S N R S S 7?8 J S R SK 7 8S =E* N 7 8 J S S R SK 4 S " 5 ? 78
& * H
=E* 0
=E* * B ("+",
) .
!! " *
J K
! K - N N
J
& 7
8
J K N
?
8
7?
N @ @A
!
!
* A
9 =E*
##
)*&&+#
,! !- ,!
. ' . */% ( . "/% !. !. " !/0 )*+# /1%0
0*02%
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
22
3
* HO 9
9
J K
J K
?@@
@@?@@
@@A
?@@@
@@?:@
@@A
?@@@@
@@33
@@AA
?@@@@@
@@2?
@@AA
##
$ $ $ '% " /$
* AO 9
& )
!
71 = ??3H66
! )8
) . *3 *
23
& ) *
=E*
& 0 * B
! $%
?
* C
9
?@@
@@3HC
@
@@32?
@
?@@@@
@@@??
@
?@@@@@
@@@2
@
?@@@
##
$ $ $ "/$ 0
* CO 9
) . *! - =E*
* H
?@
2%U
*
D =E* L
0 7 9 ?@H66 =E*8 "
?
9 2
* ??
) . *! 5
J
K
)
" 8 O @ ? @ ?
7
2:
* +,-
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
−3
−2
−1
0
1
* ?@O 9 =E*
9
?@@
@H3C?
?
?@@@
@AC??
?
?@@@@
?@@
?
?@@@@@
?@@H2
?
2
3
0 ##
$ $ $ "/$ 0 2%
* ??O 9
* * ?
J@ : @ H:K
*
?
-
N @:
5
N
N ?@@@ ! * ?2 # -
&
2B
1
1
1.5
1.5
0.5
0
0.5
0
0.5
1
0
1.5
0
0.5
&' , - " "#
1
1.5
&%' - " "#
* ?O /
N R
* ?2
D
1
1
1.5
1.5
0.5
0
0.5
0
0.5
1
&' , - " "#
1.5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
&%' - " "#
* ?2O /
2H
* % + ,- . ( "! & 7=1<8 7
8
$@% $?%
7 8 N 7 R 8 $@% 7 8 N 7 8 @ J= ?CACK
$?%
7 8
+
* ?3
@
7
?
@
@
E
8
* ?3O / =1<
7 8 N 7 8 R 7 8
7 8
& L
7 8 7 8
N
7 R 8 7 8 N
7 8 7 8
N
7 8 7 8 N
@ ?
"
8
73
N ?
?
R
73
73
8
8
@
?
R
?
@ @ @
N
?
?
R
R
0
@
? &
5 ? ) @ J R @K &
2A
0.5 1
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
* ?:O = =1<
. * ?:
"
8
7& 9 ?@266
"
#
) & 1 ) N ?@
Æ )
7 = ??3H668 ("+", * ?B
3)+# .,!3
3. /%" " 4. / * ?BO ("+", ?:
*
2C
% = ;
* 1 9 ( 0
4 D
?CAC
8 O
"
! !
6 7 67
)
"
N
&
N @ E
L
! 9
67
!
N ?
"
" 9 $ %
6
6 7 67
9
J? ?K 0
F
?
?
4O 1 = ??366
67
9 =E*
N
0 =E*
9 =E*
N
=E*
78 N ?
67
?
?
# 6
6 7 67
9 =E*
N
# 6
( 67
N @? N @ N @H
0 !
? 2
D !
3@
$ 6 7 67
9
#
6
# 67
R ?
9
0 #
6
2 67
0 9
9
6 7 67
# 6
0 7 ! N 8
67
&
& 6
6 7 67
"
$%
7@ @8 "
! 8
7
!
L 0
# 6
6 7 67
&
& 6 0
67
! !
=
69/7
!
N
! ! 5 ! N ?6
0
R @? R @
N
N N
R
5
6 4O E
:
N
?
N
N
?
@ ?
3?
:
3
" ("+",
*
("+", &
&
! 7
("+",
("+",
8
5306
3
6
&
5306
603
N J? 2 3K
53"6
*
?
)+#
3
* @:
"
N J? 2 3 K
0
/
2
72%
)+#
)+#
1
*
N
N
32
?
2
3
?
2
3
33
5
" * 0 / 2 V / 2 # 8 ( 9
( 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 ) 8
7 8 7
8
) "?O E ("+",
5306
:3/6
%
N
N
?
3
C
?B
?
?
?
?
" "? ("+",
1 )
#
- " "
? ?@
*
+
. .
3:
(
*
? ; ? -<
? ! <
? <
? <
? 0 ## ! ## ! 0 $,!
) ? ! ! 1 ! "O E ("+",
)
+ T
' 71 7 * 7
8
$%
7 8 " ("+",
L
&
7 8 N 7 R 28 N ? N N 3 N ? N @ @@? @@ ?@
2
R2 R2
2
2
=! , ! % > ! ! , ? =! 17 @- ! =! ? =! $3=A36
3B
? . , ? B 17 )+# % 3) % +# #7# ,!3 , 3 0%00B0"/& ! #7# , .,!
! ,? , ,! . '& !. & . & 7 ! . *& !. . *& ! *& 7 ! , , % &
? ! , , # # * 7 # # 7* ) * + , ) 7 7 +
,#3# #3%# #3# 7 , ,! L
* "? D L
3H
4
A=1 A=2 A=4
3
2
s(t)
1
0
−1
−2
−3
−4
0
1
2
3
4
5 time, t
6
* "?O - ("+",
7
8
9
10
3A
&! #
# !
&
T *
-
!
1 22
* 2?
( E (
72B8 72H8
! 2? . 1 23 =
1 2: " 72@8 " ) 728
1 2H
)
7238
1 2A =
,
72A8 1 2C
3C
72H8
*
)
:@
1 2?@
%/
' #
!
"
N ; , ; *
72?8
N O $O% $ % "
" "
2 # O # # ?
?
N N
9
?
7 8
728
7 8
*
2 ? ? 2 )
+
2 ? 2 ) 1 * $ N * , $ N $ N $ "
?
"
$
% ? " " 728 1
& $"% $"%
&
% N
% N -
$"%
% N
) . 5
N ? 2 3 : B
?23:B
" N # O ? # B )
7228
:?
$ N 3 B $ " $ N ?
) *
&
.
N = +
4
$%
= + "
" R2N:
R 2 N :
" " # " " N &
N " " " (
,
7 8 N O @
N O @ &
N
*
"
N N
O @ O ? 2
7238
" " " " 7 8 4 " N O @ 2
&
N
" " " 4 " N O ? 7238
#
" "
:
N
/
"
&
" " N O @ ?
4 7238
&' ."/
%
* 2?
&%'
'
& '
&'
"
&'
* 2?O & G
" F ! " )
* * 2 2?
" " ) " N "
72:8
4
$ N " % N " 78 $ % 78 % $ 78 " L 7 * 2? 8 "
4 " 1 % N "
% 4 "
)
:2
N
* 2O . F $%
" " 78 =
2B #
#
8 N N N N N N N 7
N N &
" , " N &
" N
"
* 22 D
N
"
* 22O 1
7 68 ( N N
& ' N 7 = 2C 8 *
7
:3
8
N
N ,
N
N ;
"
" N " " N" 7" $ 8 N 7 " 8 $ 7" $ 8 N 7 " 8 $ 7" $ 8 N 7 " 8 7 $ 8 7" $ 8 N 7 " 8 7 $ 8
*
;
" E (
/
* 23
" N 7 " 8
72B8
N $ " N % 72B8 $ % N 7$ %8
&
$ % N 7$ % 8
72H8
"
&'
&%'
* 23O & E (
5
5
5 *
.
3 B
3 B
$ %
2 8
?
-
&
7#
::
&
&
O @ ?
"
) ( . 0
" $
?
N
A
3 ? ?
?
2 3 O @ ?
N
?
N
?
?
?
* 2:
2
?
@
@
?
?
&%' 1 ("% "2"
&' 0"
@
?
' "2" # ""( (
* 2:O 9 L !
(
&
:B
5
N
?
2 3 : B
D
&
"
-
4
)
N 3 B 5
N ? N N B
-
N
"
D
-
* 3 B
?
2 3
E
& )
"
) 2? 1
=
=
7 8
7 8
N
N
2?O
&
*
6 E
J K
?' 2 B D
@ ?
&
78 N 78 N 78
:H
*
N N N N * N N ? N B N ? N : B N ? 2 3 : N 2 3 : B N ? 2 3 : B N B3 & 7 =
2?:8 # &
4
)
J K @
"
2 3 : B ) J K N ? ?
D
!
N
)
) ) 2
&
2'B
J? 2K
N N
4
) 2
) 2
J? 2 2K
N N
2
J? K R J2K ? ? R N B B
?
J? 2K R J2K ? 3 2 R N B B B
2 2 ? 2 7
8 ?' &
7 8
4
5
!
J K @ J K N ? J K N J K R J K
. 7 = 2?H8
:A
J K N
J K
&
) #
) $ . % E
N 3 B
+
E
&
N
"
N
J K N ?
72A8
" 2
D
,
N
J K
)
J K N J K N N J K N 4
72C8
72A8 72C8
J K N B N ?
J K N ?B & # J K , " 2
N
J K N J K N J K R J K R J K N B? R B? R B? N ? & ) - B
?23: ) &
J&K N ?H
:C
& N ? 2 3 : JBK N H
& +
J K & J K N
#
J K
J?K
72?@8
&
J?K "
) # . % * " ??23
N 2 N 3
N ?
N ?
N
N
9
L
/
9
) # 26 D
J K N J 2K N
72?@8
J K N B3
72?@8
7
9 28
) 2 . !" ; "
N &
& N ? 2
J K N 7?8 ? 6 N 2 3 . 72?@8 &
J K N
?
. 7 " ,668
N ?
J K N ?
N
?
?
B@
&
N
J K
72??8
N
" 2 4
" 72??8
J K N
JK
1 J, ?CABK
# 0! * #
!
" .
= O
!! " *
,
J K N ? J K N
"
72?8
4 ?
N N N
J K J K J K R J K
72?8
7" 8 7 8 7" 28
# 9 2:
" .
J K N ? J K N ? J?K N ?
!! " ! *
JK N @ = O
1
N
JK
N N
J K ? J K
N
?
N
@
?
7 = 2?8 7 " 8
72?28
B?
#
!
" . !! ! / 2 = O
J K ? , " ?
N N N
J K R J K J K R J K
7 8 7" 28 7" 8
J K @ J K N ? J K ?
5
72?38
" ? = 22
" . + *
J K
/-
"
J K N J K R J K J K 72?:8 7# 8 N 7 8 7 = O , * 2? 8 " &
J K N J K R J K 7" 28 , N 7 8 7 F 8
72?B8
J K N J K R J K
7" 28
72?H8
5 72?B8 72?H8 = 23 L
" 2
&
0
2
N
?
N
2
0
B
N 2 . = 23
J K N J K R J K J K N 2B R ?B ?B N 2B -
72?@8 "
N ? 2 N
) . / - "
* 2B
&
?
* 2BO =
N
N N
D
6
?
= 23
J K
?'
?'3 #
9
N
J K R J K J K ? ? ? 2 R N 3 3
#
6 -
6 5
T
6 71
= 2B8
" . " !! " ( (
J K J K
= O
&
N
7 8
B2
"
4
J K
N
D
J K J K
J K R J K J K
7" 28 7" ?8
J K J K
)
) . / - "
* 2H
&
?
* 2HO 1
9 2B
6 D
? 3
N
*
J K
?'3
J K JK N ?
5 6 71 = 2H8
- = 23 5
J K ) J7 8 K J 7 8K # J 7 8K
J K
N N N
J 7 8K J K R J K J 7 8K J K R 7 J K R J K J K8 J 7 8K
7= 238
7= 238 72?A8
,
7 8 N 7
F 8
J K
N N
J K J K R J K J K 7= 23872?C8
B3
1 72?C8 72?A8
J K N JKR J KR J K J K J K J KR J K 72@8 &
7 = 2C8
J K R J K R J K J K
J K J K R J K R J K
)1
72?8
5 )
, 72@8 72?8
J/ @@K
* "!! #
4
72?@8
* $%
* 2A !
$%
?
N @
#
?
@
* 2AO $+%
N
O ? ?
"
& )
K )
J
J K N "
?
?
728
B:
J K J K J K
J K N @ N J? ?K N ? 7?8 N ? N J ( K N 7 8 R 7 (8 N J K R J( K N J K R J K
( N
7" ?8 7" 8
7 8
7" 28 4 )
) &
+ + J K N + N
7228
!! " !" & ! !
!
N N $4
N @
* 728
!
6%
*
4
!
6 &
! 728
*
$%
"
7D 9 2:
)8
1
!
BB
J K N J K N J K N J K
1 0 + ,2!
34 5! #
1
*
+ ( *
N
& ' 8 O & N ? BU ' N ? B
7
2B &
72?@8
)
J K N ?
N
D
J K
N
N
N
N #
9
? 2B 72?@8
J K
?
D D
) .
J K
!! " 1 * / .
& &8 J K N D 7& &8
) 7
B
,
) 7
& &8 & N ? B
J K N 2BB N ?B
7238
!
BH
) . - 3 3 ! . " 2
9
) #
6
3:
?2
N 7& ' 8 O & N ? 2 3 :U ' N ? 2 3 : N 7& ' 8 O & N ? 2U ' N 3 : #
) "
2
4 J K N B:
&N? &N &N2 &N3 &N:
1
'N? 'N 'N2 'N3 'N: 7? :8 7? ?8 7? 8 7? 28 7? 38 7 :8 7 ?8 7 8 7 28 7 38 72 :8 72 ?8 72 8 72 28 72 38 73 ?8 73 8 73 28 73 38 73 :8 7: ?8 7: 8 7: 28 7: 38 7: :8
2O 9 9 2C : : 2
N :
2 N B
#
6 " 5
" 9 2C
) ) 8
7
)
) * N : : N : N 2 N B
2 &
* 7? 8
7 ?8 #
)
) ) ) 8
7
BA
&
-
9 2C 4
) . 3 !! / 3 ! . / - / -
"
&
R ? R & 7) ) 8 ) ? ) ? "
N 7) ) 8 O ) N ? U ) N R ? N N 7 8 J K N
7 8 N
N ?
6 #
?
D
N
D
)
D
N
)
J K N 7? 8
N 7 ?8 " N 7 8 J K N 77 ?88 N ? N 7? 8 ?
5 6 7& L
8 -
7) ) ) 8 ) L -
&
!
BC
? 4 7 ?8 7 R ?8 # 7 8 & 7 8 N 7 ?8 ? P " 2 ",5 2 2P N 2
? N B
2 7",58 7"5,8 7,"58 7,5"8 75",8 75,"8 D 2P 5 D
"
2
" ,
8 N P7 8P
7
) . . 3 * ?23:
6 9
) ) ) ) ) 8
: 7 7?23:8
N ?
#
)
?23: :PN?@ 4 ,
J K N ??@
) ( . - ! - " ! "
#
6 #
) $ % L D
2B: 9
'
&
= 2?
J K N ? J K 7 8 N 2B: L N 72B:8
2B: 2B3
J K N ? 72B:8 2B:
H@
* 2C &
2 @:
1 0.9 0.8
+""%
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
0
10
20
30
40
!" .
* 2CO =
50
<-" - = > ? ) (
?A@
:@M & )
; ?
$; ?%
* 2 7 = 22A8
&
72B: 8
("+", ?@@@@ 1 3
!7 ##
6:)&C+#
# @:@H
!
H?
?- - ? %& &C0
! !7 ,
7 , !7 , -7%%& *7%% ? !7 ! ! - , !7 ,! ' ? ? !7 ? /
# !
9
) ) ) 8
7
& 7 8 N 7 ?8 7 R ?8 & N P &
)
&
* 2 7",58 L 75",8
L 75,"8 & 2P " , 5 # )
"
78 78 78
* 2?@ D
7
* 2?@ 8
2 728 N 2
N B
L
4
0
78
78 4
,
7 8
& L
H
B
??
B
?: ?? ?:
* 2?@O
N
P N 728
N
728 P
% "
N
2P
?PP
N 2
$2
Æ
7 = 2328 &
7 8 P N N
P 7 8P P
) $ . - 3 &
N
B
N JB K N J K N ? N 2
"
H2
D
"
N 2
) # . @ / !! " A-? "
: : Q
#
T6 T )
3
T
$%
4
T
3
J TK N 3 @@@@@@?:3
B * & : 7:8 +
&
:?
T
: 3 :P 4 T :P J T K N 7:8 , ?
&
:P
:P 9)
:P
7 8 3 / & 5 ?
*
H3
#
1 ?
6
$
%
4
)
D
$ %
#
R ? R N 7) ) ) 8 O ) N ? )
?
# )
N 7 8 4 J K N 78 72:8
? R ? * N 2 N 3 7 N H8 N 3 N
? 2 3 : B H 3
"
1
7?3:8 7?3:8 7?3:8 723B8
) ? 2 ) 3 : B H
5 7
732B8 7B238 4
8
? = =
1
1
8
7
8 N 7 8 7 8 P 7 8 7 8 N 7 8P P N P
7
72B8
# $
72:8
J K
N
N
P
H:
7 8
72H8
&
4
L
72B8
7 8
1
72B8
J K
"
72:8
N
+ N N 7 8 N ? J K N 7? 8 72A8 !
# )
9 % +/ ,- . :! " " ?@@@
?@@@ "
!
C:M &
HB
$% C:M
?@@ C:
4 ) : )
C:M )
) : ! ?@@
4
:
C:M C:M
4 1
1 )
N @C3
C:CBCHCACC ?@@ & ?@@@
?@@@7? 8
C:
#
)
?@@ $ % ?@@@
1 = 23A
D
C:
?@@
?@@
7? 8
J C:K * 2?? J C:K N
N @C3 N @C3
*
@3:
)
.
7 = 23C8 ,
& )
CA
J CAK N
?@@
7? 8
D
HH
1 0.9
J C:K
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
* 2??O =
G
:
?@@
N @C3
* 2?
@@:
CA (
7 = 2:@8 L
D
&
! N @C
* 2??
@?
% # ; # D ?CAB ! & = 4 . 1 /
, = / 1
D;
@@
6 7 6/7 &
N
N O 7 8 O ? " N O O
HA
1 0.9
J CAK
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
* 2?O =
G
!
?@@
" " " " " O @
6/7
/ = 2?
6/7
" +
N
? ; 3 " ?A 1 B3 = :A * 3A , B *
F 2@ ! F 2@ ( 2@
* 2@ F 2@ F 2@ D
6/7
N O @ & & N ? 6 = N O ? " N O R @ )
0
"
6/7
HC
" " ( 67 6/7 & N ? 2 3 : B " D $ % $ 6/7 & N 7 8 O @ ? @ ? " D $ % 6 7
=
# 6 7
&
#
" $
! 5 % N " $ % N N N " N $ 7 8
2 67 67 / " $
/ " $ . F &
6/7
" $ N 7 8 O @ ? @
?
" $
8 O ? @ ? N 7 8 O ? @ ? N 7 8 O @ ? ?
9 7" $ 8 N
7
*
5
6
6 7 6/7
0 !
&
!
N " N O N ? $ N O @ ? ? % N 7 8 O R N ?
A@
N O R 2 R N @ N 6/7
E L
.
6 7 6/7
/ & "
2@
Æ
* ?@@
Æ
* E
L .
6 7
= !
7 8
4O
"
N 7 R 8
6/7
= ???66
" 2
? 2 3 :
"
5
N
N
" 6 9
( 6 7
?@
= " 2 7 " ,8
" 2
$ 6 7 6/7
"
? 2B )
& ) 2B 6
#
36 # 36
# 6 7 67
. ,
6 E
6 4O 1 1 3
2 6/7
A?
" #
6
6 7 6/7
"
#
6
6/7
" $ /
&
E 6 &
6
4O 1 = 2?:
6 7 6/7
J& 3K
*
67
2
&N? J&K N && N
2
"
*
N
?
?
@
J&K N 78 &P & 6
6 7 6/7
*
B
6/7
"
N 8 ) ) ) 8 O ) N
7 9 2B
!
N
7
" )
6 4O 5
( 6 7 6/7
5 * 2H
* 2B
6 "
$ 6/7
F 72@8
?
J K
F
A
# 6 7
=
J K R J K R J K J K 2 6/7
"
AO@@ "( AO@ "( 4
)
6/7
#
AO?@ "(6 #
AO@: AO?@ "(6 " )
7@ ?8 # 6 5
72?@8
?'6
9
6/7
&
D L
6 7 6/7
*
6/97
L
" 3
#
6 F
6 7 67
/ & 0/2?: 7
2 8 4
67
L 6
"
4
L 6 7-
8
( 67
& Æ
P
"
P 7 8 5 1 P N ? ?@@ D P N @@ 4O P
1
$ 6 7 6 7
E 2
; ?
# 67
A2
. = 22A
2 6 7 6/7
" !!
L *
L !! 7 8 D
!! 6
67
4
6/7
!
" $ % 6
+
O 78 78 78 ) 7)8 # 6
67
N 7 R 8
R 8 7 R 8
9 7
6 7 6/7
" ) ?@ C A
H B : 3 2 78 7 8 78 78 : & : 3 A A A A C D T
A ) :
6/7
" 2@
@ ?@
& :
6/7
6 "
? #
6
( 6/7
"
72A8
&
N ? "
6
$ 67
5
?@@
N @ C3
J K
N ?@@@ N ?@@
N C: CB
A3
P N ?@@@PC@@P
4O Æ
N 78 N 7?@@@P8 7C@@P8 N
N 78
&
7 8
&
7 8
"
)
N 7?@@@8
, Æ
# 6 7 67
&
" ?@@@ C3@ B@ ?@@
C:
5 1 2?@
2 67
*
1 2?@
"
N @C:
C: ?@@ CA ?@@ 9 5 * 2?? 2? 6
&! & " %
$
4 ?'B
&
$%
*
T
"
@@
B
*
)
*
! &
)
!
1 32 73?8 &
7328 5 ) * 3 "
.
7338
#
A:
AB
)
73:8
73B8G
73C8 , 73?28 73?38
9
7 8 7 8 5
#
73?:8
1
73?B8 73?H8 73?C8
*
73@8 & (
73?8 " (
* 3A * 1 3H ,
; , "
&
9
"
*
N 3 " N 3 B D
&
"
5
5
) * 3?
*
3 C : N @ 2B
?'2 ) 3 3 B 1
N C :
%
AH
6
5 4 3 2 1 0
0
10
20
30
"
40
50
* 3?O -
N ? 3
" & " " D N ? 2 3 : B ! " N J " K J" K J" K 73?8 J" K N JJ" K" K D ) J " K "
& "
"
" N 3 B " &
73?8
! 7
N " 73?88
/ 3
" "
3
N
3 B N 3 N
N
3 B
AA
JK
?@@?2@
?2@?B@
?B@?C@
?C@@
@:@
::3%
@@A
@@3
@@
@
@
@?3
:3%:A%
@@B
@?
@@B
@@
@
@B
:A%B
@
@@B
@?3
@@B
@
@B
BB3%
@
@@
@@B
@?@
@@3
@
B3%BA%
@
@
@
@@A
@@3
@?
3?O ;
J" K
N
N
D
J " K N JK J" K J" K ?B ? N 2 B 2
J " K J" K
" ,
J " K , " JK
+
& 73?8
J" K N @ -
"
) 2 . @3- /3- 3 "
3?
J
K *
' :3% :A% '
?2@ ?B@ @? D
?2@?B@ 5
1
N 7
8 O
N U
N
N 7
8 7
8 7
8 7
8 7
8 "
%
AC
2 7 1 238
JK
N
J7 @3
8K N @ @3 R @ ? R @ @B R @ @ R @
N D
?2@?B@
" N 7 8 O N U N " N 7 8 7 8 7 8 R @? R @@B J" K N JJ" K" K N @@@3 ?3 R @B R @B N @22
B
#
J" K
' B D
J" K N
J7
8K
3?
JK & N ? 2
)
J" K N
J7
738
JK JK N
?2@ ?B@
8K
4
7328
738
JK
JK
&
J
K N
J7
J
8K
K
& ! B @3 @22 &
&
?2@?B@
C@
'
" N 7 7 8 7
8 O
B
N U
N
J" K
N N
4 &
" N
JK
@@ R @ @@:A
@ R @ ?
J" K JK J" K JK J" K N JK 1 * 3
?
?
?
"
&' 3) 4 56 56 4 3
?
"
?
&%' ) 4 56 56 4 3
"
?
' 3 4 56 4 56 4 3
* 3O &
"
& " &
,
!
5 2 "
* = 2?
J " K N ? J" K
7 = 3?@8
%
C?
J" K N JJ" K" K @ J " K @ J" K @
J" K N JJ" K" K N JJ"" KK N ?
$ 7 8 J $ " K N J7 J$"8K " K J7 " 8 7$ " 8K 7 8 N J" K J " K R J$ " K 7" 2 N J" K $ N 7 " 8 7$ " 8 N 8 N J" K R J$ " K 7 8
&
5
- 5
" " "
" " N & N ' JK
JK N J K N " ,
N
/
"
JK N J7 "8 7 "8 7 " 8K 1 " " JK N
JK N
J "K
J" K J" K
7338
&
) .
L . ?
?
C
? "
#
7338
" N J K
N
"
N
?
J ? K J ? K R J K J K R N 7 R 8
N
N
" " " - ?
%
" "
" " N " " N
& ? ? ?
&
&
?
4
" " "
?
"
?
1
) .
"
!! " 3 "
& $@% $?%
)
?'
" @ ?
* @
E ? ?
*
@
" !
* 32
& ?
?
D
@
L
% @ 5 @ ?
?
*
?
*
* *
?
J@K N J?K N ?
C2
@
?
* 32O =
7338
J K
N
N
J @ K J@ K R J ? K J? K * R * N *
5 ) " ( 4 + ( E
) . " @ ! " 2@
( 4
,
(
1
!
$+ ( E%
4
(
&
(
"
P &
# 6
'2
?'2 (
?'
C3
?
$ 3O ; 7
?
@
@
@
2
@
2
@
J$ K N J $ K J$K8
( # ?
?'2
4
) (
( L
#
$ N & & N ? 2 N ( '
' N ? 2 D J$ K J$ K N J $ K J$K 1 ( J $ K N @ " ( J $ K N @
E
J $K J $K
J$ K
N
N ? 2
J $ K N ? J $ K N ?
N
7 8 7
8
! 3
1
728 7
( 28 728 7
2 ( 8 "
3 7
8 '2
J ?K
N N
"
J $ K J$ K R J $ K J$ K J$ K R J$ K
?'2
'2 & L ( P
C:
& , " " " " "
8
J
K N
J
7
K &
J
K N
J
K
J
K
N
J
K
J " K N JK J" K
"
73:8
D
* 3
"
"
< "
L 4 J " K J" K
) . * C - *
& 2
J N 2K N ?2 D " N 3 B /
J " K N JK J" K J 3 BK ? N JK N 2 4 " "
L & " N N " J" K
JK J" K
4
N
"
J " K N JK J" K
, J " K
&
*
&
J" K N J"JKK J " K N JK JK J" K N JK N J" K
" "
7 8
7 8
7
" 8
CB
" 4 "
" * C - " . * * & " "
J" K N @ & " "
J" K N JK 5 J" K JK N @ & L L
J" K
"
*
"
* 33O 9 7 7
* 33
L
J" K N @ JK J" K N @ J" K N @8 J " K J " K
N N
JK R J" K JK J" K
" N 8
1 * 3 5 6
5
L
*
J" $ K N JK # J" $ K " $
D " $
"$
J" K J" K J$ K
N N N
J$ K N J" $ K N JK J" $ K N J" $ K N J" K J$ " K N J$ " K N J$ K
CH
J" K J$ K J"$ K J"$ K
JK J" K JK J$ K J" K J$ K JK J" K J$ K
N N N N
73B8 73H8 73A8 73C8
& 73B8G73A8
73C8 )
J" $ K
N N
N
N N
J"$ K J"$ K J"$ K J"$ K J" K J$ K JK J" K J$ K J" K J$ K JK
7
" $
8
7 8
7 73A88
7 73C88
7 = 3@ 8 &
J K N J K J K & N ' J K N J K J K J K & N ' N
J K
N
J K J K J K
"
- Æ 5
J"$ K
N N
J" $ K J"$ K J" $ K J" $ K J$ K
73?@8
- )
"
) . 3 . 3 &
3
?'B # 73?@8 +
" $
N N N
3 B N 2 3 : B : N ? 2 3
N
CA
3?8 D
"$ N 3 7 = "$ N 2 3 J"$ K N J" $K J"$KJ$ K ?B B 3 ? N N B 3B B B
73?@8
# 8 /
.
7
)
J" K
K J" K N J" J" K
73??8
K J" K N J" JK
73?8
J" K 73??8 73?8 J" K N J"JKK J" K ,
73?28
J" K
JK J" K
$ %
8
*
?@
6 - $ %
?@
$
?@
% G
D
&
@C
& L
" N J" K N @C & N ?@ J" K 234 5 + J" K
CC
73?28 )
J" K
J" K
?@
@C
J" K
N ?
*
J N ?@K N 7? 8 ?@ ? ? ? N ?@
N
N #
JK ,
JK
N N
J" K 7
J" K J" K R J" K J" K J" K J" K R J" K7? J" K8
? J" K
= 3C8
*
J" K N ? D
JK N 73?28
?
7@ C8 R 7?87@ ?8
J" K N
7@ C8
"
N @ @@AH
7@ C8 R 7?87@ ?8
7 ?@ @@@AH -
?@
8
)
& N
J" K N ? @@@AH N ??2 J" K @@@AH
& $%
J" K N @C J" K N @@@AH
J= @@2K &
(
"
,
J" K N J" K J" K J" K J" K
N ?
73?38
?@@
73?38 !
J" K N ?
&
/
"
, )
) . 3 &
@@@?M "
@CC 4
@ &
6
" N N L J" K N J" KJ"JK R"KJJ""K K J" K 7@CC87@@@@@?8 N N 3C: ?@ 7@CC87@@@@@?8 R 7@87@CCCCC8
J" K N ?@
7 8
J" K N 3C: ?@ #
) &
)
J" K N @:
:8 N @A2 J" K N 7@CC87@7@:8CC87@ R 7@87@:8 7 = 328 ,
, G P
?@?
* ! ,- "
5 ?
#
&
N 7 8 /
8 ?
7
* 3
4
?'3
@CC
)
) ) 4
6 +
N
N
N
7
N
& ' 8 O & U ' 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8
&
&
&
1
5
JK N J7 8K #
8
7
8 7 8 7 8 7 8
N
7
N
?
# N
#
L
4
J7 8K N JK J K
#
JK J7 8 7 8K
?@
J K
)
D J K J K R J K ,
J K J K
N
N
?
J7 8K N 7? 8
*
?'3
9
(
& N JK N J K J K J K 73?:8
" L
)
5
)
, )
)
(
, )
? J@K N ? J?K N 1
@ ? 4 ,
!! " /
, #
? 7
8 9
? @
7? 8
? "
7 1 2A668 4
J K N 7? 8
N @ ?
73?B8
?@2
!
&
0.3
0.3
0.25
0.25
J K
0.35
J K
0.35
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05 0
2
4
6
8
0
10
0
&' 4 7 4 78
2
4
6
8
10
&%' 4 7 4 7
* 3:O
5
0.2
0.15
0
#
* 3:
L
!! " /
" , )
&
,
8
?
J K N 7? 8 N ? 73?H8 @ ?
* 3B &
N ? 4 T
N ? 7
? *
N
?
&
)
?
"
?@3
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
J K
0.6
J K
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
0
2
4
6
8
0
10
0
2
&' 4 738
6
8
10
&%' 4 78
* 3BO
4
L
) ( . - 3 "
A@M
: #
C 6
?
N @A
N C JCK N 7@A8 7@8 N @@22B
&
C
"
+ R ,
"
+
, )
,
7 = 3238
5 , )
*
? 2 ? 2 " N ? " N B 7 ? 2 ? 8 N
N
?@:
?
R R N N B & N N 2 1
7 ? 2 ? 8 7? 2 ? 8 7? ? 28
2
N ?
B
??2
&
B
BP 4
2P
L
*
B +
? P
B "
73?A8
P2P?P
Æ
71 = 32B
8 &
B
2 ?
B
BP
* )
?
2
! ?
R R R N J K N 73?C8 N ? D N 7 = 32H8 " BP
P2P?P
) $ . * !! " C 9 #
$ %6 4
B
N ? N N ? N N ? N N @ # ( - & + . $ % $-% @ N H 73?C8 J
N ? N N ? N N ? N N @K N
C
? ? ? @
@ ?
B
B
?@B
N N N N N N ?B N @B
$ %
J
N ? N N ? N N ? N N @K N ?
CP ?PP?PP?PP@P
B
N A 2:
?@
# "
N
JK N J K J K J K
J K
N 28 JK N J K J K J K J K
1
7 73?@8
, )
73@8
) # . % "
N ?
-
#
&
&
#
- )
N ?3
N ?
) D
"
* 3H
N ?3 7 * 3H8
1
5
&
!
& ?8 L
7
&
&
J@K N J?K N ?
J?K N ?3
J@K
N 2 3
?@H
heads
heads
1
1 tails
0
tails
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
&' 4 77 4 738
40
60
80
100
&%' 4 77 4 78
* 3HO E , ) L
@
?
* 3AO (
) * 3A
!
J & &
? K N
, )
J@@K &
* 2'3
#+
(
&
J K N J K
. 73@8
JK N J K J K J K J K
73?8
?@A
J K JK * N ?@
N 7@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @8 & N @@@@CHB N ?3
JK N 7?8 N @ & N ? ?@ 73?8
JK N ,
J K N J@@K N J
J K J K
J K
N
JK N
2 :
3
A
3A
1
J@K N J K J R J K J K 2 ? ? ? : R N 3 A
N
& N 2 ?@
K N 2 3
K
N @ @3BC
D
*
3C ) )
@
? ?
2
& 7 8
* 3CO
/ * 3C ) ?@@ 72'A87?'872'38 5 66
#+
#
&
?@C
1 % +/ ,- . "! % & $ % 9
&
=
=
& ,
"
:@
:@
* 3?@
&
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
5
* 3?@O
10
15
0
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
)
$%
)
) &
C':@@N??BM D * 3??
#
??@
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
5
10
15
* 3??O 0
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
)
?3:
@ @??B
,
N ? BA - 6 "
, &
7 8
N
J K J K
&
# ,
" N N J" K N J" K J" K N J" K J" K J" K
D
JK J" K J" K J" K J" K
&
1
?@
* 3?? N ?3:8
&
7
, ) *
,
J" K
1
)
D
???
J K N 7? 8 D
* * 3?@
)
@@??B
#
N @ @?
N @ ?
) * 3??
??'?3:N@@H
J" K
N
N
J" K
N
N
J K N 7? 8 ?3: J N ?? K N ?? 7@@?8 7@CC8
J K N 7? 8 ?3: J N ?? K N ?? 7@?8 7@C8
N
7@ CC8 7? ?@ 8 N 2 : 7@ ?8 7@ C8 7?@ 8
7@ @?8
1 2:
4
* 3??
N @?
&
N @@?
T
J" K N ?@
??
% $, 6, ) $ ; # D @@2 E 1 7 8 9 $ . $ #4 * 5 @@?
1 =
67 "
&
6 7 67
6/7
"
?
J" K6 9
7@ ?8 &
"
HA6
2 )
* 7
8
E ?8 8
6/7
9 )
*
?
6 7 67
" 2 &
67
" ??
9 ?? )
& ?@ ??
( 6 7 6/7
. 3?
?C@ ' :A% D
$ 6/7
6
?C@
. 3?
?B@ '
:3%
"
?B@ '
:3%
"
6
# 6 7
1
J" K R J" K N ? . * 3
2 6 7
=
" $
J " $ K N J$ K R J" $ K J" $ K
6 7 6/7
??2
" @ Q
?@
A@M L & @M #
6/7
"
1 1
'2
?'2 &
6/7
6
6
"
@ ?
?
" ?:M
?
H:M @
?:M ? &
J?K N J?K N ?3 J@K N ? / J?K N J@K N J?K 67 6/7 " N 7 8 O @ ? @ ? E J" K N 7 8 O @ ? ? ? " N 7 8 O ? ? @ ? " " 6 6/7 " N 7 8 O @ ? @ ? "
N 7 8 O " N 7 8 O ? 6 / " N 7 8 O ?3 6 7
0
4O 1 * 33
( 6 7
?
5
N
7
)8 O @ ? @ ? @ )
5 6
4O 1 * 3
$ 6 7
1
73C8
&
??3
# 6 7 67 T
&
:@M
"
T
T & @M
2 6/7
T 6
5
N ? " N ? 2 $
&
2@M
? 2 3 9 ) N ? 3 N
6 " 6
6 7 6/7
6 7 6/7
& 9 3B
" 6
" 3
6/7
&
6 & 9 3H
J" K
4
6
6/7
"
*
7@ ?8
? ?
E
?
6/97
N 7 8 O ?3
23 JK / JK / N 0 O @ 0
D
" ?@ #
:
6 E B
D
6 7 6/7
"
?@ & )
A ?@
6 1 J1 @@?K
( 67
$ 6 7 67
J K
J2K 6 9
&
" ) 9
$
% $ % $ ?
N ?@
J K N ?3
% &
J
K N
2
: 6
# 67 2 6/7
??:
F = 3A "
?'
67
?' " ?@
=
6
73?H8
6/7
* ) ,
6 7 6/7
N ?
* ) ,
6 7
5 ) ,
&
+
+ R , , & + +
67
"
@3
@3
@ & :
?
6
N 2 ? 2 ? - *
N 2 . L ) ? 2
6 7
# Æ
( 6 7
1
N
$ 6 7 6/97
" 2 2 2
B 4O
# 6/97
&
6
* 9 3?@
N @: N @?
/
(
D )
?@@ 9
2 6 7 67
* (
* 3A
J@K N 23 ) @??@
??B
" ( 7 * 3A8 J@@K N ?3 J@?K N 23 J@K N ?
67
# ) @?@?@6
6/7
"
* 3? &
L
# 6 5
* ?
* 32
D * 3?
@ 5 @ ?
J@K N J?K N ?
?
?
*
* *
?
*
*
* * ?
*
?
* 3?O =
@
?
6 7 67
*
N 7@ ? @ @8 7@ @ @ @8
* 3C
# &! 4 5 2 3
&
# )
+
&
!
5
# !
1 :2
& 1 :3
7:8 D 7:28 1 ! 1 :: , 7::8 7:B8 7:H8 = 7:A8 =
@
* :A
=
Æ &
7:C8 D
??H
??A
7:?@8 & ) & ! 1 :A
1 :C
7:?38 7:?:87:?B8 * = ) 1 :?@
# (< ( % ) #
N
?
&
2 3 : B
? 2 3 : B "
& L
&
N
#
N
@ ?
? @
* :? * *
7 8
N @
7 8
N ?
N
@ ?
* :?O (
#
7 8 N
@ ?
N N
&
??C
7 8 78
&
7
8 D 5
7 8 N
N
& N ?
N @
N
N ?
78
#
4
1 * 5
=1< "
7 8 N . ? @
@
?
)
& ? @
"
7 8 N 7 8
N N
7 8 N
? R?
N N
&
1 71 N 8 *
* :2 "
* : "
)
7 8 N
@
?
N ? 2 : N 3 B
?@
7 8 7 8
7 8
N
* :O E
N
7 8 7 8
7 8
N
* :2O
/ N
E
D
7 8
+
1
,
7 8 N
# ( % ) #
&
J 7 8 N K
1
??
7 8 N & N ? & 78 / 7 78 8 L J 7 8 N K N J O 7 8 N K N J K 7:?8
)
&
7 78 8 J 7 8 N K N J O 7 8 N K N J K
7:8
N
&
O 7 8 N
" D
7:8 7:?8
!
7=(*8
JK N J 7 8 N K 7:8
7:28
&
JK
JK +
78 &
"
) 2 . . . . 3
N 7 8 N
@ ?
)
N N
=(* 7:28 7:?8
J@K J?K
N N
J 7 8 N @K N ? J 7 8 N ?K N
?
) . % . ". . 3
2 3 : B
?
7 8 N
7:28 7:8
J@K
N
J?K
N
#
@
?
N
& N ? 2 : & N 3 B
=(*
J 7 8 N @K N J 7 8 N ?K N
J K N B2 J K N 2B
7:8
#
72?@866 4
) P * =(* J K K O
7 8 N
J 7 8 N
" . & 3 * @
J K ?
" ( . *
J K N ?
#
JK N ? /
)
JK N J N K
- =(* )
J K N
JK
1
7:38
"
?2
) . 3 !! ! - 5
2
4
? ? 2 2
7 8 N
&
? 2
N
N
? 2
+
?
& N ? & N 2 3 & N : B
=(* 7:8
J?K N JK N J2K N ?2 D
2
7:38
N 2
J 2K N JK R J2K N 2
=(*
## & 0! # 5 3 #
1
!!
!
J K N ?
NN @? =(*
* :3 !
7::8
N @ ? & , =(* ,7 8 # $
, =(* ,7 8% ,7 8 $
!
%
?3
1 0.9 0.8
J K
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
* :3O ,
!!
J K N 7? 8 =(*
N @:
N @ ?
7:B8
* :: =(*
0.35 0.3
J K
0.25 0.2
0.15 0.1 0.05 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
* ::O ,
8 =(*
7
9
N ?@ N @:
R ?8 K 7 = :H8
J7
)
10
J K
?: !! " =(*
J K N 7? 8
N ?
7:H8
* :B =(*
0.6
0.5
J K
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
* :BO 0
9
10
N ?@ N @:
7 8
!!
2 @
J K N 728 2 P
=(*
2
N @ ?
* :H
7:A8
2
D
2
J K 7 = :??8 = 7 8
#*
- 8 0 + 0
= =(*
= =(*
Æ 1 :?@
& =(* @ 2 N 7 8 = 728 D 2 N
, 7
5 B 8 4
= =(* "
?B
0.4
0.4
J K
0.5
J K
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
0
2
4
6
8
0
10
0
2
&' 4 3
4
6
8
&%' 4 8
* :HO = L
10
* :A
2
N ?@ N @: N ?@@ N @@:
= =(*
0.25
0.25
0.2
J K
0.3
J K
0.3
0.15
0.2
0.15
=
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0
0
5
10
&' 4 7 4 78
15
0
0
5
10
&%' 4 77 4 778
* :AO =
5 66
=(*
N 2 @
15
&
7 2 8 J K
N
N
N
N
7? 8
P 2 ? 2 7 8P P
7 8 2 7? 2 8
P 7? 2 8 2 7 8 7? 2 8
P 7? 2 8
8 ? " 7? 2 ? 7 8 N 7? 2 8 = :?: 728 J K 2 P 728 " =(* N @ ? =(* N @ ?
,
8
?H
7
5 B
#1 ( % ) & ) =(* (
=(*
*
@@??
#
! N 7 8
=(*
)
&
N
2 3 : B
?
1
N @ ! N N ? N
N N ? N N N N 2 N N 3 N N : N N B
D 1
* :C
O N
N
N ?
O N N @
N )
J?K R JK N & N ? JK N J2K R J3K N & N J:K R JBK N & N 2
N
?A
?
2
3
:
N
B
@
?
N
* :CO
&
JK N
J K
#
!
N
7:8
7:C8
N
&
1
) . B . . *!
,7 8 ! N ? =(* ! N @ ? ) ! N ? ? & N @ N ? N ? N ? " 7:C8 J?K N J@K N ? J?K N J?K N &
D "
) . ". . +
N
?
!
@ ?
7 8 N N @ ? 5 7 8 N N @ N @ N
4
4
J@K N J@K 7 8 N N ? N ? N ? 7:C8 J?K N J K
N
J?K R J?K
!
D
?C
JK N 78
7:C8
) . ". . *!
= 728 ! N 7 8
N ! N ?? N =(* !
K N ? J K N J! N K N JJ K N ? # J?K J?K N ? J?K 7:C8 D
J?K
N
N
J' K 2 2' P
7 8
2 'P
?
N
?
N
2
2
7 8 R
7 8 *
J?K
N
7 8
2
J?K
N
?
?
J?K N
2
7 8 R ?
7?
'P
R
? ?
?
728
'P
2
7 8
2
$ %
7 8
N
' P 7 = :8 ?
2
7? R 7 88
288
7
#6 "!! (! 0! " !
75E*8 &
?2@
5E* J O K 7 K &
78 N J K &
7:?@8
N
"
,7 8 =(* 5E*
* :?@ , @ ? 5E*
1.2
1
1
0.8
?
78
J K
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
?
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
1
2
4
6
0
8
0
&' 0
1
2
4
6
8
&%' 1 0
* :?@O ,
N @:
$ %
5E*
=(*
R #
78 ! =(*
5E*
! )
N@ 7@8 N J@K N ? N 23 N ? 7?8 N J@K R J?K N ? ! J?K N N ?3 "
=(* * * :?@
) . %+ 3 *! 1
J K N 7? 8 N ?
5E*
@ ? 78 N 7? 8 ?
!
?2?
? @ 78 N R 7? 8 ? 2
J K
=(* 5E* * :??
1
1
0.9375 0.875
78
1.2
J K
1.2
N @: 1 5E*
0.8
0.75
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4 0.25
0.2 0 −2
0.2
0.125 0.0625 −1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 −2
8
−1
0
1
&' 0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
&%' 1 0
* :??O
N @:
! =(* ! =(* =(* 5E* &
JK N 78 78 78
=(* !
" =(*
!
78 N J
" 5E*
K N J
5E*
K 78
78 N 7 8 N
*
=(* 5E* )
9 7 ! 8 *
N
?2
J2 HK
2
H
N
JK R J2K
N
* :??
H
2
#
5E* , 5E*
K
7
7
K
J K N 78 78 7:??8 " 7 8 J 8 J K L 7:??8
* * :?? 7:??8
J 2K N 72 8 7 8 N J2K N 7? 8 N @?:
J 2K N 72 8 7 8 N 7? 8 R 7? 8 N @2H: * 5E* * :?@
:?? 5E*
" $ . %+ ! / 2
8 ? 1 78 N J K @
= O
7
@ ?
" # . %+
78 78
= O
N
@
N
?
78 N J O 7 8 K N JK N @
7 8 " 78 N J O 7 8 RK N J K N ?
!
?22
7 8
" 2 . %+ " 3
78 7 8 7 8
"
7 = :C8 = O
7 8
J K 7 8 N J7 8 7 8K N J K R J K 7" 28 N 7 8 R J K 7 8 7 " ?8 " N " N " * = 2: 7 8 7 8 N J" K JK N 7 8 N
" . %+ 3- . ,
5E* 5E* (
78 N 7 8
= O &
J/ @@K
" .
!! " * 3 - %+
J K N 78 78
7:?8
J K N 78 7 8 = O 1
N
7:?28
?23
7 8 " 2
J K N J K R J K
J K N J K J K N 78 78
#7 "! ! & 5
& 1 366
("+",
#
N ? 2 N @ N N ? JK N N @B N N N @ N N 2
=(* 5E* " =(*
=(* 5E*
* :? 1 3
1.2
1
1
J K
78
1.2
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0 −2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
&' 0
0 −2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
&%' 1 0
* :?O
! $
"
?2:
% '% ( D % 'D & /
7@ ?8 & 5 ?@66 D
)
=(*
J K N J N K N ? 2
) )
W J K N D
*
N ?@@
7:?38
* :?2 " 5E*
W 78 N D )
N ? 2
W 78 N
* :?2
7:?:8
W J K
7:?B8
*
1.2
1.2
1
1 0.76
W 78
W J K
1
0.8
0.8
0.59
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.24 0.17
0.17
0.2 0 −2
0.2
−1
0
1
2
&' 0
3
4
0 −2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
&%' 1 0
* :?2O
?2B
) , = L
1
= :2@ ,
5E*
D * :?
0 N 78
5E*
N 708 N
? 2
0 @ 0 @A @A 0 ?
N 708
@
@
* :?3
,
0
1.2 1
0
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2
1
0
1
2
3
4
* :?3O / 5E*
0 7@ ?8 ("+", ! F
5E* "
5 ?@
#9 % + ,- + "! "
&
)
) & )
1
)
#
"
?2H
= =(* #
" : B =(
7(
*8
? )
&
$%
4 4 = =
= =
C:M 1
? 4
?
? "
= =
: B =( 4 * = = ( : B =(
* :?:
- (
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
* :?:O " ( 7 XR 8 A@ 4
7
*8 BA H@ :C BB - BAB
H@
?2A
??BH 4
: B =( 2B@@ ? 4 ?
7
8 4 = = ) ,
@ ? ?
?
: B =(
W N H@ 2B@@ N @ @?C3 & =(* ? 7
N @@?C3 N B@8
7
8
=(* = B@
J K N 728 2 P N @ ? 7:?H8 2
2 2 N W N 2 W N B@7H@2B@@8 N HB ? "
)
C:M 4
)
J K N
, 7:?H8
J K N 728
2
N H B
J K @C:
?R
2 R 2 ?
4
N @ AA
@C: &
2: = =(* !
2 N H?
D
1
,
J
K
N
N N
J ?K J K J ?K J K
?2C
J
K
N
J K
2
7 8
N
) "
?R
2 R 2 ?
N @ C:H
H'? * :?B * :?H
* :?H ?
0
500
?
1000
1500
2000
* :?BO "
2500
3000
3500
7 XR 8
% / 1
! &
= 4 . 1 / D;
@@
6/7
E
?23:B
6/7
/ = :? ? 2
@ ?
?3@
0
* :?HO
200
400
800
6 7 6/7
N
O
N 2 ? @ ? 2 & 7 8 N
5
N
O
=(*
&
&
N N ? & J K N Y@:@ =(* D
"
7? 8
=(*
)
N & & N ? ?@ & 7 8 N
5
)
6/7
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
9 * :?B 7 XR 8
B@
6/7
600
Y?@
J K N 3 N 2 =(* 3 6
6 7 6/7
&
=(*
) N R ?8 K JK ) 7 R ?8 & 7 R ?8 =(* N 7 R ?8 N 7 R ?8 ? * 7 R ?8
( 6 7
J7
$ 6 7 6/7
J K J ?K N ? R 7 R7? ?8 8
"
CC ?
9
?3?
# ?C
6
N @: 36 F
# 697
&
2 67
. 7@ :8
! /
6 7
= = =(*
N J2K 4O
1 = :H
6/97
&
6 7 67
= 728 J K 2 2
. ! = 7 8
2 N : # 6
6 7 6/7
&
7?@@@@:8
J:K
7?@@ @ @?8
D
=
6 7
=
N 78 0 708 7 8 N
?R
4O . +
697 ( 67
5 =(* = 7?8 7?@@@@?8
0 ! = 7?8
$ 6 7 67
5
J N 2K =
= :?H
# 67
&
,7 8 =(* !
2 6 7 67
&
N
= 728 =(* !
N
?3
=(* N ? N JK N N @ N N ? & ! N =(* !
67
"
6 7
&
7@8
78 N
78 N N @
7 8
P
7@8 N 7@8 7@8 78
N @ =
7 8 N
67
6/7
" !
* :?A
J K N
= 5E*
P
N?
N
N 2
"
7 8 4
?
2
3
:
B
* :?AO #
67
* 5E*
!
N
N@
=(* 5E*6
@
,7 8
?32
@ @ 78 N @ : ? :
6 7 6/7
( 6/7
* =(*
&
5E*6 &
6
$ 6 7 67
&
78 N
5E*
@
?
5E*
2 2 3 3
* :??
J 3K
5E*6
78 N 78 7 8 7 8 2 67 9 =(* 7@:8 N ? @ # 6 7
=
=(* " 5E*
6 7 697
?
= =(* 2 N #
?@@ ? 6
?33
* &! 7=(*8 5 : "
-
)
5
) / & B? "
* ?? *
=(*
* B? 7 1 :C
=(*8 *
A ?
@:HA
W J K =(*
* B? & ) 6 " ) /
) )
& * B? CHB , 7 8 1 9 2 &
* !
& 7B?8 *
?3:
?3B
0.25
20 18
0.2
W J K
16 14
0.15
12
0.1
10 8
0.05
6 4 2
0 1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
&' $""( ( "
0
5
10
15
20
25
&%' 0
* B?O " / &
7B8
1 B3 =(* 1 B3 * 7B:8
&
1 B:
"
9 B2
) & 7BB8 1 BB
1 ! 1
BB = ? "
& 7B?@8 7B?8
* =(* 4 7B?28 1 1 BH
" =(*
* 7B?C8 & 1 BA
* 1 BC
?3H
* ( 0 #
=(* )
"
.1
Y? Y: Y?@
Y@ " Y?@
4
"
# 6
" )
* B
4
25
, /
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
+% "
* BO E
Z N ?
&
"
N
?2
N
?2
N
?@
N
?3
7
Z
L * * B
N ? : ?@ @8
50
40
?3A
"
Z
R : R ?@ R @ R R R R ?@ R @ R: ? ?
N
?
N
C ?B
N
N
?2
:@
R:
?2
:@
R ?@
?@ :@
R @
?3
:@
N R R R N :@ & J K =(*
)
Z
?
N
?
N
C
J?K R : J:K R ?@ J?@K R @ J@K
? 3
R:
? 3
R ?@
?
R @
3
? 3
J K N ?3 N ? : ?@ @
&
Y?
$ %
?:?@@
J K
* =(*
B2
#
J K N
=(*
*
JK
J K !
7B?8
&
$ % $ % 7 9 B28 * = B?
?3C 0.3
J K
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1
5
10
15
20
25
*&' . 0 1 * B2O =(*
* ,- ) ! & % ) +
7B?8 #
J K N
J K
7B8
# 7 5 3 =(*8
&
,7 8 J K
N
N N
D
@
J K
7?
8 R ?
J K & N @ N ?
?:@
&
7 8 J K
N
N
J K
7? 8
5
J K
N
N
7 P 8P P 7? 8
?8P 7? 8 7 8P7 ?8P 7
N ? N ?
P 7? 8 7 P8 P
7? 8 N
N =(* 7 8 J K N J K
N
=(* &
,
, 7
&
8
"
7 8 J K N
7? 8
=(*
L
?:?
4 N ?
J K
N
N
4 ?
, @
4
N
4 4
4
4
47? 48 J K
N
N
4 4 ? 4 7? 7?484487?8
7? ? 48
N
N
?
,
7 8
J K N ?
*
N ??@
?@
&
2
= 7 8
= B:
J K
N
2
D
=
=(* 8
7
2 7
= 8
8
+ -* *
E
&
J K N 3
=(*
" =(*
N ?
7B28
"
?:
J K
N
8
?
3
N
?
J K
7
4
=(* 7B28 &
J K L
&
Æ
)
J0 ?CH:K 4
J K N
K
J
& = BB
+
& $ % =(* =(* 7 = BH8
& 7 = BA8
( =(* 7 = BC8
*# ,- ) ! 0! % ) +
! =(*
J
K
&
,
J! K N
" B"
N
7
8
JK
=(*
J7 8K N
7 8 JK
7B38
!
7B:8
?:2 -
7:C866
JK JK 7 8
78 N J78K 7 = B?@8
1
) ( .
7 8 N R J7 8K N J R K N 7 R 8 J K 7 7B:88 &
JK R JK N J K R 7 J K =(* 8 & N ? J R K N J K R N
* J 7 8 R 7 8K N J 7 8K R J 7 8K
7 = B??8 &
) $ . "
=(* J K N :?
N @ ? 2 3
J! K ! N 7 8 N 7B:8 J K
N
N
N
J K
?:
B
-
J7 8K N 7 J K8
?:3
7 8 N J7 8K N J K N B J7 8K & J 7 8K 8
*
7 J K8 N 7 J
K8 N N 3 N
7
9 B? 4 7
) # . &
J K8
7 Æ8
3 -
* / &
-
*
P "
=(* 7
$ % $%
J K
8 E
)
7 8 # ) J7 8 K 7(198 # 78 " . (19 # 78 N J7 8 K N J R K N J K J K R J K 7 788 N J K J K R 7 8 ! (19 L (19 ) ! (19 ) 78 N J K R N @ ! N J K 4
*
2:
?::
$% ! (19
** ) % ) "
7 8 N 7 J K8 # J K J7 J K8 K
*
J K N ?R ?
=(*
N R ?
!
4
* B3
N ?@ N
=(*
7 D =(* 7B:8
8 N J7 J K8 K
.
7 8 N 7 J K8 8 N
7
*
J K8 JK
7
7BB8 &
7BH8
J K N @ =(* N @
7
8
N
N
N
,
JK
R ?
?R ?
R ?8
N 7 R ?87 B
?:B
0.2
0.2
J K
0.25
J K
0.25
0.15
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0
−10
−5
0
5
0
10
−10
&' ." 0 4 3
0
5
10
&%' ." 0 4 7
10
5
5
10
−5
0
−5
0
−5
−10
−10 0
10
20
30
"
40
50
0
' -# (# 4 3
10
20
30
"
40
50
&' -# (# 4 7
* B3O & L
=(*
7
8
N
N
5
7 R ?87 R ?8
R ? 7 R ?8
B
2
)
=(*
* B3 # ! =(*
) 2 . ' *!
2 3 3 4 +
F
=(*
J K
@
7
8
7? 8 7? 8
7? 8 7? 8 7? 8 728 2 2 !
?:H
5 768
B?O =
&
,7 8 J K N 8
7
N
7
J K8 J K
7
8 J K
N
N N
8 7? 8 R 7? 8 7? 8 7@
& ! ) !
N ?
" !
N ?
N @
5 6 5 =(*
7 1 BH8 B? = " #
8
7
N N N
J7 J K8 K J J K R J KK J K J K J K R J K
J K 4
7
8 N J K J K
?:A
J K J K & J K N @ 7 8 N J K
!
" . * * 7
8 N J K J K
7BA8
" . ' *! ; !"
*
(
( 7 R (8 7( 8 7 8
N
@
N
7
N
8 ( 7 8
= B = B?
J K J K - J K
7 = B?8
&
J K 7 8 J K & J K J K 7 = B28 " J K J K
- "
7BA8
&
J7 J K8 K
&
N
1 =
BB
'
4
8 R 7 88 N 7 7 88 R 7 7 88 ; 7 R 8 J K N @ 7 7
&
?:C
J K / N J K )
"
#
N N N
J7 8 K J7 J K8 K 7 8
7BC8
"
N ?8 7 N @8 ? , # N J K N 9 B3 N 7? 8 * B: & N @ N ? N ? N @ N ?
N ? 5 6
7
0.3
5
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
* B:O (
*1 " ! E
J
K Æ
=(* "
"
=(* =(* = =(* =(*
?B@
5 H66 &
=(*
5 768 N J7'6 8K
7B?@8
' ) ? 6 D 7 8 N 7'6 8 J 7 8K N J 76 8 R ' 76 8K N J 76 8K R ' J76 8K 7B:8 5 76 8
5 768
N N N N
N
J7'6 8K J 76 8 R ' 76 8K J 76 8K R ' J76 8K
76 8 J K R ' 76 8 J K
'6 8 J K
7
7B??8
=(*
5 768 N
5 768 N
7B??8
7
'6 8 J K
J K 7'6 8
7B?8
J K N @ * = =(* 7B?8 @ &
! *
J K
& L
* *
'6 8 J; ?CC?K
7
&
" *
&
)
7 = B3 8 " 6
*
&
?B?
L 7B?8 $ %
5 768 6
6 J K 7'6 8 J K 6 7'6 8
N
N
J K 5 L
5 768 N J K' 7'6 8 6
5 768 ' 6
?
N
N
J K
J K
& L
J
K N
5 768 ' 6
?
7B?28
" L "
) . + / 3 *! 1 =(*
N ?
5 7 6 8
N
N
N
J K 7'6 8
7?
, 7?
J K N 7? 8
8 7'6 8
7'68
8 7'68 ?
J7?
8 7'68K
) N ) N
? ?
)
?B
)
) ? '68 5 768 N ? J7? 7 8 7'6 8K N 7'6 8 7? 8
D
7B?28
J K
N
N
N
7B?38
N ? ? 5 76 8 ' 6 ? ' 7'6 8 ' 7?8 J7'68 7? 8K ? ' ? N '
7B?:8
7B?B8
7BA8
5 76 8 J K N ' 6 7'6 8 N 7 7B?:88 ' 6 J7'68 7? 8K %7' 8 7'68 7'68%7' 8 7'68 N ' %
% N 7'6 8 7? 8 1 % N ' R ' J K N '
N
?
N
?
7
8
N N
N
J K J K
?
?
?
&
"
?B2
=(*
) . ) * !
+
#
5 768
N
N
N
N N
J K 7'6 8
7? 8 7'6 8
J 7'6 8 R 7? 8K
N
N N
7BA8 7B?28
7 R 8
J K
$ $ % % 7 # !" '6#8 ? !"
7B?H8
7 8 7B?A8
5 768 ' 6 ?
J 7'6 8 R 7? 8K ' 7'6 8 ' ?
N
&
7
= BC8
7
8 N 7? 8
=(* B? 1
" . - /" 5 768
?B3
= O
5 6 8
7
N
N
N N
J K 7'6 8
K 7'6 8
J
7
8
'6 8 N ?8
J K
7 7
J K
7
J K @8
?
" . - / - = O *
+
5 76 R +8
N
N
N N
J K J' 76 R +8 K J K J'6 K J' + K J K J'6 K
' + 8 N ? + 8
7 7
5 768
" ( . -
+ " ! * - -
0
J K N
!
!
=(*
5 768 7'6 8 6
7B?C8
= O 1 * ) 7
' ' 8 * * J K
R
" 7B?C8
&
?B:
" $ . *3 - 3 . *3 +
)
5 768
5 768 J K =(* J K
) =(*
J K 7B?C8
=(*
) "
&
J= @@K
# = =(* =(*
N 2 7 1 :B668 7 = BB8
@
& 7B?A8
5 768 N J 7'68 R 7? 8K
2 2 2
5 768 N 7'68 R ?
2 77'6 8 ?8 N ?R 7 = :?:66 J277'6 8 ?8K 8 * = " 2 7'6 8 5 768 N 728
P J2 7'68K N 728
P
N
N
2
7 8 J
2
2 7'68K
'68 ?8K
7 = :
8
J 77
5 768 5 768 = BB J K J K 4 =(* = =(* 1 1
:B66 -
?BB
*6 , ) " =(* # T 5
7 9 2668 #
=(*
* BB 1
6
0.5
5
J K
0.4
4
0.3
3
0.2
2 0.1 0
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
6
0
10
20
30
"
40
50
&%' (
&' 0
* BBO =(*
J K N
J K
)
J K
"
J
K N
) ,
$%
" E
J K N ?
?BH
7B@8
& D
" 9 2
* BB BH D
Z *
=(*
8
7
N N
&
J K 2 N J K
J K J K
J K J K
8 N ? & 7 8 N J K 7 J K8
7
J
K N ?
7
*
* BB
J K
8 N
?
?
* BH
7B?8
D 8 N ?
7
("+", " B, " ("+",
4$B
& 7B@8 7B?8 !
=(*
*7 % + ,- + ( " @ 1
?BA
6
2
5 1.5 8
7
J K
4 3
1
2 0.5 1 0
0
10
.
20
30
40
0
50
!"
&' "
0
10
20
.
30
40
50
!"
&%' /"#
* BHO 9
* BB
) )
#
) ",5E - 9 B
5 ) :@ """"""""""",""""""""""""" """"""5","E"",""",""""""E
4
7B8
"
@@
,
@?
5
?@
E
??
7B28
) ?@@ ) !
$"% & 32 " 3 , ? 5 E &
"
?BC
$"% " "
@
,
?@
5
??@
E
???
7B38
. ) 3R2
?R2
) ?
N B@ ? 7B38
9/
&
$ %
J5 ?CC?K
32 R
*
*
7 8 N
? 2 2
",5E
N
N " N , N 5 N E
7B8 J"K N HA J,K N ??B J5K N ?2 JEK N ?2 " =(* N? J K N N N 2 )
J K
N
J K
H
?
?
N
? ?AH:
?B
R2
?
A
R
N
?B
O ? ?AH: N ? BA
) 3@M
& 4
8 " 1
) 7
?H@
J1 ?C3AK
N
)
J K J? K
7B:8
"
*
H
N
A
N
?
H A
@ H2??
R
? ?B
?
? ?B
R
? 2
?
? 2
R
? 2
?
? 2
4 O @ H2?? N H2 B2M 5
& )
7B:8
N3
? 3
?
? 3
N
J K N ?3
& 7B28
J5 ?CC?K
% 5 ( ;"
"
; # D
?CC?
0 9E
; +,
= E D
! , '5 ( 5" ?CH:
$ $ " # D
?CC?
! '1 # 5 .
@@
1 59 $" ( 5 %
( F
H 2HCG32 B2GB:B ?C3A
) $
?H?
?@
?@
@ ?
:
?@
?@
?@
78
@
* BAO #
6/7
! & 5(
7
& +
5(8+ N @
* 5(
* BA 4
6
6 7 67
*
J K N ?@?
6/7
=(*
N @ ? C
" ? 2 "
3 : B 4 ? *
:
6
6 7 67
"
'2
N ? N @
"
#
6
67 6 7
E = 4O EL
2 5 =(* J K N 7 8 N ? @ ?
2 P
J K N
J K
?H
J K N
$
J K N
J K
% $%
J K R
1
=(* &
!
J K
*
J K
D
N
#
N #
J K J K , &
J0 ?CH:K
)
( 6 7
"
N ? @ ?
J+ R &K N J+ &K + & N ? =(* N + = J K N +
=(*
$ 6 7 6 7
0
# 6 7
0
2 67 &
!
6 7
=(*
=(* J K N ?: N @ ? 2 3 8 K J! K 7B38 7B:8 # 6
" N J7
=
J 7 8 R 7 8K N J 7 8K R J 7 8K 6 7 67 E J K 7 8 7B:8
L
6 7 6 7
5
J K ) J K6 &
6
4O
?H2
6 7 6/7
"
=(*
J K N
N?
N
N2
N 3
&
) 6
#
) 6
6 7 67
* = B?3
5 " ) = B?3
6/7
- =(*
* BC
6 4O
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
−2
0
2
4
6
8
0
−2
0
&'
2
4
6
8
0
&%'
−2
0
2
4
6
'
* BCO =(* = B?B
( 6/7 $ 67
&
! N R
!
6
* = 1 =
B?
# 67
* =(* = B
2 6 7 67
* =
B?
8
?H3
6 7
(
&
O
( 7 R (8 7( 8 7 8
6 7
&
(
N
@
N
7
8 ( 7 8
N
7
8 N @ N (
8 N @
7
6 7
&
J
K @
J
K
J K
=
O
!
* ? * R ? J K N JK 7 *
? ?
JK N J K R ? 67 & =(* J K N ?3 N ? J K N 23 N ? 6 7 " =(* J K N J K N ? @ ? = J K R ?8
!
6 7 6 7 J7
" J
K8 K
E 4O
! $ 6 7 67
( 6 7 6 7
# 67
R ! J! K N J K R * =(* J K N ?: N
&
N
D
? @ ?
E
2 67
E =
=
67
?H:
# =(*
5 768 N 66
6 7 67
J K N ? @ ?
* = B3
4 6
?HB
!
N =(* J K ! N 7 8 J! K N JK 7B"?8
"
D
7 L8 , 7:C866
JK N
7B"8
J K
7B"8
#78 N ?@
J K# 7 7 88 J K 7 8 N @
7B"?8
J! K
JK N
N
N
J K# 7 7 88
# 7 7 88 J K ?HH
.
?HA
D
' 7 8 N 7 8
# 7 7 88 N 7 8
J! K N J7 8K N
7 8 J K
" * BB BH
("+",
4$B =! , , ! < ? E ! ! F G > , > < * * ? H# ? $ ?
I * 4$B ? $ ?
J * < < ?
4$B< I
$,! $%,!I $9$% ,# I !? ! # .$ F G B, ! ! . ?HC
?A@
. I. ? 5:B ) I +
. .* "I. , ? 5:B < , < ? < !! ? 5:B ! ? '(
.%$ ' .* ( .
.
1 &! & 5 :
N
7
8
& L
&
*
7 8
'
" 4
8
7
N
& 3?
7 8 N 7
!
7
N
K
* H?
J N
3?
?
,
&
*
7
18
#
?A?
&
?A
+""%
0.15
0.1
0.05
0 250 200
7 "
150 100
60
65
70
6
* H?O ;
80
75
7 5 C 8 "
$5
I
6%
1 !
* H =(*
J K 1 H2
= H? H
=(*
7H8 9 H?
-
=(* 7H28 =(*
=(* 7H:8 7HB8 4
=(*
) =(* 5E* 7HH8 7HA8 & ! = H2GHB
/
& =(* 7H??8 0 =(* =(*
5
& %
?A2
=(* =(* =(* 7H?8 9 HB
=(*
7H8 7H38
7HA8
"
7H228
7H238
1 HA )
& ! & 1 HC
7H3?8 " )
Æ 7H328 & )
4 !
1 H?@
7H3:8 7H3B8
&
=(*
&
1 H?? " =(* =(* ) * 1 H?
1 ; (! % ) #
!
"
4
"
7 8 N ! 7 8 * H
4
9
&
?A3
44
4
?
?
4
1
* HO 9
7 8 N ! 7 8
@
N
N 4
N 4
N 44
@
@ ?
? @
? ?
, &
? 8
7
&
& '
#
@
N @
@ ?
4
K
J
8
@
? ?
J ! K
7
?
! & * H
N
!
N
& %
N
!
N 3
(
N
?A:
N
8 O & N ? U ' N ?
7
N
N * H2 N 3 N 2 " " & 7 8 " & N
* H2O 9 ;
=(* 5 :
J K N J 7 8 N K
=(*8
J K N J 7 8 N ! 7 8 N K D
, #& 7
& N ? U ' N ? 78 N ! 78 N
7 8 N ! 7 8 J K 7 8 N ! 7 8 N 78 N ! 78 N $% " =(*
N ! N J K * H?
* H?
&
?AB
=(*
"
O
" (# . & 3 * D
@
K ?
+
& N ? U ' N ?
J
" (2 . * D
+
J K N ?
* H
)
@ @ @ @
7 8
*
J@ @K ? J@ ?K ? J? @K ? J? ?K ?
( *
J& ' K N ?
J& ' K N ?3 & ' *
8 & N @ ' N @ 7? 8 & N @ ' N ? J& ' K N 7? 8 & N ? ' N @ 7?
H @
& N ? ' N ?
&
= H?
? & =(*
)
4 7@ ?8 ) * H
N N N N
J 7 8 N @ ! 7 8 N ?K J O 7 8 N @ ! 7 8 N ?K J N 4K 7? 8
7)
8
7 8 7 8
*
J@ ?K
& %
?AH
1 3B?66 & =(*
*
J K
J 7 8 N ! 7 8 N K N J O 7 8 N ! 7 8 N K N J K 7H?8 7 8 N 7 8 N * N
=(*
J K N
7:?866 7:866 "
J K
7H8
) ( . / / - C " & @ ?
!
N N
@
?
& ' 8
7
& N ? ' 6
#
& N @ J? 2K
H?
& * B
7? B8 =(*
) ) ?'2B
7H8
J? 2K
N
N
N
J K ?
2B 2 2B
N
? ?
&
?AA
N?
N
N2
N3
N:
NB
N?
7? ?8
7@ 8
7@ 28
7@ 38
7@ :8
7@ B8
N
7? 8
7? 8
7@ 28
7@ 38
7@ :8
7@ B8
7? 28 7? 38 7? :8 7? B8
N2 N3 N: NB
7? 28 7? 38 7? :8 7? B8
H?O ( 7
& ' 8
7? 28 7? 38 7? :8 7? B8
7@ 38 7? 38 7? :8 7? B8
&
7@ :8 7@ :8 7? :8 7? B8
7@ B8 7@ B8 7@ B8 7? B8
7
! 8 '
7N? N@8
7? 28
7N2N?8 7N2N8 7N2N28
*
J7 ! 8 K N -
J K
7H28
"
=(*
K
! 8 7H28
& =(* J
*
1 0 "(0 !
=(*
=(*
7
N
J
N
J K =(* !
K 1
N
#&
)
5
N !
7H28
J7 ! 8 K N
J K
7H38
D
N * H3 N 2 J7 ! 8 K N J N ! K N J N K N J K
&
?AC
N
*
H3O
E
J K 7H38
* H3
JK
J K
=(*
7H:8
N 2
$% =(*
7
& N J K N
=(*
8 =(* !
1 3266 +
J K N &
"
J K
7HB8
, #& #&
) ( . / "
?
! 8 !
@ 7
* H 5 =(*
J& ' K N
& N @ ' N @ & N @ ' N ? & N ? ' N @ & N ? ' N ?
&
?C@
=(*
J&K J' K "
N
N
J& ' K N J& ' K N
&
J K N ?
& &
R N R N
R N R N
'
J K N ? #
=(* =(*
&N@ &N? J' K
&N@ &N? 'N@ ' N ? H D
' N @ ' N ? J&K
HO ; =(* =(* 9 H H3 =(*
8
7
8 7
$%
E
+ ! 3
4 =(* =(*
+
=(* =(* 4
H2
=(* !
=(*
&N@ &N? J' K
H
&
' N @ ' N ? J&K
H2O ; =(* $ %
- , #& #&
&
?C?
4 =(*
=(*
=(*
=(*
" 75E*8 &
7 8 N J ! K
7HH8
=(*
7 8 N "
* H:
J K
7HA8
=(*
5E*
5E*
78 7 8
N N
J K N J ! K N 7 8 J! K N J ! K N 7 8
5E*
O
" ( . & 3 * @
7
8 ?
" ( . ' F G
7 8 7 8
N
@
N
?
" ( . " 3
7 8 ' " ( . F&3- G " 5E*
4
* H:
!
&
J K
?C
J& ' K
1
0.5
0.5
0 4
'
1
0 4
2 0
1
0
&
3
2
2
4
0
&' 9 " 0
1
0
4
3
2
&%' 9 " 1 0
* H:O ; =(* 5E*
= H?H * =(*
J K N 7 8 7 8 7 8 R 7 8 5E*
7HC8
* H: &
8 N 7 8
=(* 7
1# & ! % ) 5
) @ ?
!
?23:B &
! 8 ! N N
7 +
7
8 #
! ( ! " J ! " K N J K J! " K 7H?@8 8
7H?@8 7 * H2
&
?C2
$ % 7
&
1
!
8
7H?@8
N
J K N J K J K 7H??8 " N 7H?@8
J ! " K
J N ! N K J K
N N
7H?@8
J K J! " K N J K J K ! , #& #& * G , #& ! 4
=(*
7H??8
J ! " K
N
N
N
N #
JK
"
J K
7 7H288
J K J K
7 8
J K
J K J! " K
) ( . / . "
@ ? & ) ) =(* H3
=(*
J& ' K N
N
J&K J' K
J& ' K ! * =(* J@K N J?K N ? J@K N J?K N ?
& '
? ?
&
?C3
&N@ &N? J' K
' N @ ' N ? J&K
H3O ; =(* =(* 9 H2
) ( . / . D
=(* H #
J@ @K N ?A N 7?3872A8 N J@K J@K
!
&
) (( . / . ! 5 1
=(* H:
J@ @K N 2A N 7?87?8 N J@K J@K ! 4 ' N @ ' N ? J&K & N @ & N ? J' K
H:O ; =(* =(* 9 H: =(*
N ?
=(* =(* =(* H3 =(*
!
* 5E*
7 = H@8 &
!
! ! N - ! J! K 9 B266 # !
&
J! K
N
?C:
4
1 HC
1* ! % ) ! & 1 :H66
=(*
&
JK N
#
!
N
7
8 =(*
J K
8 N 77 ! 8 $% J ) K N J & K
& N
7 ! 8
& N ? $ U ' N ? %
&
$
'
% "
7H?8
) ($ . *! " =(* =(*
=(* = =(*
& J ,K N J72 R 2 8K 2 P2,P N @ ? U , N @ ? 7H?28 D = 72 8 ! = 72 8 ! 5
7 ! 8 N 8 N 77 ! 8 N R ! 7H?38 @ ? 8 @ ? "
7H?8 7 , 8 7 & 8 N 77 & 8 N ) 7H?:8 , & , N @ ? , N @ ? " ) & ' & N @ ? ' N @ ? ) 7 ,8 N & 77 ,8 N ' N
&
?CB
7H?38
& '
N N
R ,
,8 7& ' 8
N & , N ' & @ D 7H?28 =(* ! ! , N @ ? , @ , N ' & @
1 7
* 7H?8
$% J& ' K
N
J ,K
& && N
J& ' &K0J&K0J' &K
7H?B8
0JK
0JK N @? NN @ ? ?
*
7H?28
$% J& ' K
N
N
2 R 2 8K &2P7 ' 2 &8P 0J&K0J' &K 2 2 & N @ ? J72 R 2 8K &P7' &8P ' N & & R ? J7
7H?H8
7H?A8
, - * > "
)
$% J& ' K !
" =(* 7H?A8 !
& N @ ? U ' N @ ?
D
=(* ! &
$%
7H?28
J ,K N J72 R 2 8K 2 P2,P 0J K0J,K
&
&
?CH
! =(*
1 = H:
#
=(*
! 8 8 &
7
8 N 77 ! 8
! 8 7 8 8 # $% J ) K 7H?8 % =(*
7
% J) K N "
&
'
N
$% J ) K
7H?C8
7H?:8
) (# . +
6 * 7
*!
8 N R ! =(* 7H?28 # $ N N @ ?
=(*
N
% J' K
N
N
$% J& ' K
7H?C8
7 7H?C88
2 2 J72 R 2 8K 0J&K0J' &K & P7' &8P
7H@8
7 7H?H88
0J&K N ? & N @ ? 0J' &K N ? & N @ ? ' 0J' &K N @
& ' % J' K N
D
2 R 2 8K &2P7 ' 2 &8P
J7
' N @ ?
8 ' N @ ? 8 N R ! ! @ ?
&
?CA
' P 2 2 7' &8P&P ? ' N J72 R 2 8K ' P & 2 2 ? 7 8 N J72 R 2 8K ' P 72 R 2 8 2 N 728 7 2 N 2 R 2 8 'P
' N @ ? ! = =(* 2 N 2 R 2 , = 72 8 ! = 72 8 ! R ! = 72 R 2 8 % J' K
N
2 R 2 8K ' P ?
J7
=(* & =
7H@8
=(*
1!
R
% J' K N
! 8 N R ! =(*
J& ' &K
7H?8
=(*
&
$% J& ' K N J& ' &K 7H?B8
' & ) '
&
=(*
% J' K N ,
J&K J' &K
J; ?CC@K
% N 9
7H8
&
9
*
* # 5 : * 7 =(*
J K 5 768 N J7'6 8K
'
R 8
* 7H8
5% 768 N 5 7685 768
7H28
&
?CC
) =(*
% J' K N 5 7685 768
7H38
* "
) (2 . +
3 - * 1 BH66
*!
= 728 5 768 N J277'68 ?8K
7H28 7H38
% J' K
N N
J 77 8 ?8K J 77 J7 R 877 8 ?8K
2 2
2
'6
'6
2
'68 ?8K
, = . = B:
8 = 72 R 2 8
=(*
! =(* 8 N R ! % J K N 5 7685 768 ! N 5 7685 768 7'6 8 6 7H:8 &
!
#
8 N 7 ! 8 7H?C8 ) =(* $% =(*
E
E
%
8 ) % 1 7 8 % J) K 7
( )
% J) K N "
(
J K
7HB8
) ( . % *!9 8 N 7 ! 8
+
@@
&
! 8 8 N R ! =(* & N @ ' N @ & N ? ' N @ J& ' K N & N @ ' N ? & N ? ' N ? =(* 8 7 ! 8 7& ' 8 N 7@ @8 7? @8 7@ ?8 7? ?8 8 ) N & R ' N @ ? 5 7
7HB8
% J@K
N
N
N
J& ' K
J& ' K
J@ @K N A2
% J?K % JK
J@ ?K R J? @K N A J? ?K N 2A
N N
11 ,- ) ! & =(* ) 1
7 ! 8 J8 K N
J8 K
7HH8
) % J) K
=(*
8N
7HH8
8
" " B"
J8 K N
7 8 J K
7HA8
& &
@?
=(* J8 K J8 K 8 !
#
J7 ! 8K N 1
7 8 J K
7HC8
) ( . ) * *! &
8 N 7 ! 8 N R ! J R ! K N 7 R 8 J K N
N
J K R
J K R !"
#
N
J K
J K !"
J K R J! K
7 7HB88
#
7 8
4 D
J K J K
1
J R ! K N J K R J! K
) ( . ) * *! &
7 ! 8 N ! J! K N J K
#
J! K
&
=(* N
N
N
!
J K J K
JK
J K J! K
J K 7H2@8
&
@
(
7HC8
!
7 = H2@8
J7 877! 8K N J7 8K J77! 8K
7H2?8
) ( . ' *!
R ! 8
5 7
8 N 7 ! 8 N 7 R !
J R ! 7 R ! 8 N % J8 K 7 8 N J 7 ! 8K 7 7HA88 N J7 R ! J R ! K8 K N JJ7 J K8 R 7! J! K8K K N J7 J K8 R 7 J K87! J! K8 R 7! J! K8 K N J7 J K8 K R J7 J K87! J! K8K R J7! J! K8 K 7 8 N 7 8 R J7 J K87! J! K8K R 7! 8 7 8 J 7 8K N J 7 8K J77! 8K N J77! 8K 7 K8
= HA8
7
! 8
! 8 N J7 J K87! J! K8K
7
& 4
7H28
R ! 8 N 7 8 R 7! 8 R 7 ! 8
7
.
&
7H228
! 8 N @
7
"
7 = H238
! 8 N J! K J K J! K
7
7H238
= B?66
& ! %
@2
16 ; ; =(* "
) $&
6 # 6% * 3?
& )
D 7H28
=(* * HB =(*
?'
& * HB
N ? !
N ?
N
?
N ? !
&' 5 6 4
5 6 4 3
&%'
5 6 4
5 6 4 3
'
* HBO ; =(* L
! ! N D
5 6 4
5 6 4 3
! & N ! N N + * HB ! N N ! N 4 * HB N ? ! ) R? ? - N ? ! N @ ! N ? ) ) !
R?
?
?
=(* * HB HB
HB
J! K
!
,
* 7HC8
J! K N
J K
7H2:8
&
@3
J K N JK
* =(* * HB
J! K
N
J K
?
N
7?87?8
N
7?87?8
N
7?87?8
R 7?87?8 ? ?
R 7?87?8 R 7?87?8
?
? ?
N ? N
7 =(* * HB8
?
7 =(* * HB8
N @
7 =(* * HB 8
J K N J! K N @ & * HH J! K N
& * HB =(*
?
?
* HHO ; =(* !
)
&
! N L ! T
J7 J K87! J! K8K
,
7H2B8
R? =(* * HH )
!
!
7
! 8
"
! &
!
7H2?8
7
! 8
N N
J7 J K87! J! K8K J J KK J! J! KK N @
7H2H8
9 .
& ! %
@:
7 R ! 8 N 7 8 R 7! 8 7 7H2288
4
! G
1 = H23
0 * ! 0 * " 5 =(* HB
) ?'3
* HA =(*
* =(* !
7@ ?8
7? @8
7? @8
?8
7@
* HAO ; =(* !
& N ? &N@ &N? J' K
' N ? ' N @ ' N ? J&K
@
@
@
@
@
HBO ; =(*
J K N ?
? 3
R@
?
R?
? 3
N @
7H238
7
! 8
N N
J! K
&' J& ' K N @
&
@B
J? @K
!
J?K J@K
N ? 3
4
*
N ?
(
U,
N ?
N ?
J7 J K8 7! J! K8& K N
N ? U , N ?
!
N @
& J K
"
,
J ! & K N
!
!
N 7? 387? 8 N ? A
7
7H2A8
,
J K8 7 J! K8& J K 7H2C8
17 % ) 5!
!
* HB
# ! N 7 *
7 * HB8 ( ! 7 Æ8 !W N R $% W $ % ! R 7 8 !
HB8
!
!
N
) 7(198
9 B266 &
8 N J7! !W 8 K
7
!
7H3@8
D W = W N
!
!
&
9 B2
! (19
! J! K D
W N
N J! K #
& "
,
! 7H3@8
(19 1
7H3@8
J7! 8 K N J7! 8 7! 8 R K N J! ! R ! R R K N J! K J! K R J K J! K R J K R ! 7 8 L 1 ) ! . L 7
8
@H
N
) !
: 7 8 : : 7 8 :
J
N
J
! K R J K R J K N @
N
! K R J K R N @
)
J K R J K J K R
N
N
J! K J K J! K N 7 ! 8 7 8 J K J K ! 8 J K J! K J K N J! K 7 7 8 N N
N
J! K J! K
!W
N
!
N
R ! 8 J K
7 ! 8 R J! K 7 7 8 7 8
! 8 7 J K8 !W N J! K R 7 7 8
7H3?8
! R !W N R " ! N W N J! K & ! ! ! &
! " D
W N
&
@A
4
3
3
2
4
1 0
-1 -2 -2
-1
0
1
2
3
!
!W
1 0 -1 -2 -2
4
-1
0
1
2
3
4
&%' " "
&' , " " " * HCO ; =(* 7
2
!W
) 8
N 7
8
) ( . 3 *! > / 3 *! 5 =(*
* HC
)
N
7@
@8 7? ?8 7 8 7 28
J&K N
J' K N
&N@ &N? &N 'N@ 'N? 'N
' N 2 " J K N :3 J! K N 2 J K N C3 7 8 N J K J K N C3 7:38 N ???B * =(* J! K N 7@87@8?3 R 7?87?8?3 R 7878?3 R 78728?3 N ??3 7 ! 8 N J! K J K J! K N ??3 :3728 N HA 1 7H3?8 ! : HA 2 !W N R ???B 3 ?3 ??? N ??
& "
* HC
7 28
#
@C
* HC
!
?'26
! N ! 8 N @ !W N J! K N ! 5 ! 7 7H2H88
!
7H3?8
"
!
7
4
! 7 * HA8
R 7
= AH8 7H3?8
"
.
! "
?
.
) " !
)
( J K 7 8 7 = H38 * = 728
N
28 2
N 7
! #
. !
. N
! !
!W 7H3?8
N
N
!W( J! K 7! 8
!W( J! K N ( 7 ! 8 ( J K 7! 8 7! 87 8 7 8
!W ) ( .
N
( 7 ! 8
87! 8
7
*
7H38
&
?@
*
N
!W
N
( 7 ! 8 7
87! 8
N
!W
: 3 (
?? ?B
!W( 2 :3 (
H A
7?? ?B87: 38
@ C3
N @ C3
* HC
!
W
;
( 7 ! 8
N
7
87! 8
7H328
Æ # ! ; N @ & ! ; N @ 5
!
Æ
!
! W
;
N
;
.
Æ
&
@ C3
" ( . Æ /" - 3 .
; ? = O
5 1
! )
) 9
*
/
* / * /
*
9)
5
/ N (* (
*
<
)$ J
K
(
<
5 1
(
) J< K $ J
K
! )
7H338
& "
??
N (< ( 1 " H" < N J K N ! J! K 7 ! 8 ; N ( 7 87! 8 J< K ( )$ ( N ? ) J< K $ J K
)
7H338 9)
(7 J K8
;
N
?
?
(<
N
)
! J! K N
7 = H3:8
! N R ! N R
@ @
; N ? ! ! N R 1 * HB HB ; N R? ; N ? D
! / *! " - ! / - *! " )
7
;
N
)
@8
:: .1
&
?@@@
* H?@
-
#
*
P
7 8
&
D
?
&
160 150 140
130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50
55
60
65
70
75
6
80
85
90
* H?@O & ?@@@ ::
19 ; " 0! BH66 *
!
1
,
*
5 76 6 8 N JJ' 76 R 6 ! 8KK
7H3:8
" 7HC8
5 76 6 8 N
&
J ,K J' 76 R 6 ,8K
& * )
7H3B8
J ,K 7 R' '
8 "
&
J !
K N
?
'
: 5 76 6 8 :6 :6
&
5 : 76 6 8 J! K N :6 :6
7H3H8
& # %
?2
" =(*
!
J7 877! 8K N J7 8K J77! 8K 7 7H2?88
=(*
,
!
!
5 76 6 8
N
N
N
N
&
&
J ,K J' 76 R 6 ,8K J K J,K J'6 K J'6 ,K
J K J'6 K
5 76 85 76 8
&
7 =(* 8
J,K J'6 ,K
7
7H3A8
8 G
!
* #
"
!
N
7 8 8 N 77! 8
8
5$% 76$ 6% 8 N $% JJ' 76$ ,
R
6% 8 8KK
5$% 76$ 6% 8
N N
N N
JJ' 76$ 7 8 R 6% 77! 8KK J7'6$ 7 88K J7'6% 77! 88K $ J7'6$ 8K% J7'6% 8 8K 5$ 76$ 85% 76% 8
7 7HA88 7 7H2?88 7 7B:8668 7 8
8 " ! 7 8 77! 8 7 * =(* 8 N R ! ! #
&
?3
=(*
7H8 ,
5% 76% 8
N N N N N
% J7'6% 8 8K J7'6% 7 R ! 8K J7'6% 8 7'6% ! 8K J7'6% 8K J7'6% ! 8K 5 76% 85 76% 8
=(*
6
% J K
!
N
N
7 8 7 7HA8 7HC88
7 7H2?88
*
!
5% 76% 8 6%
5 7685 768 7'6 8 6
J&K J &K
7H8
1 "! ! % ) !
! !
J K ! !
J K 5 : ! ! 7 8
&
* =(* 5E* =(*
J K W J K J K W J K K N W JK W J K
=(* W J #
!
! 8 ! & ! 7 8 J K ) 1 :C
7
"
) (( . 5 3 0 D " ! *! " =(* HH " ("+",
! 7 ! 8
&
'
&N@ &N?
?:
'N@ 'N?
HHO ; =(* 9 H?:
$ /D 7 '/D(/ 7 '/(/% 7 7 - !
=(*
=(*
W J& ' K W J&K W J' K
N N N
D ) 7
W J& @K R W J& ?K W J@ ' K R W J? ' K
& ' 8
& N @ ? ' N @ ?
& N @ ?U ' N @ ?
! J
&K N ?
&
8 + ! - )
7
= H3C H:?
1 % + ,- . = %4 " . 1 &
-
&
?B
??:
?3:
?H:
@:
2:
:%
?
H
2
2H
32
:B%
?C
2
A
22
2A
:?@%
?B
?
:
C
23
B%
?:
?C
B
2@
BB%
?2
?H
@
3
H
HAO ,
7,(&8
J5E5 @@2K & H@2
,(& N
7H3C8
,(& : 2@
2@ J5E5 @@2K & =(* ,(& * 5 3
*
=(* ,(& ,(& 2@ 7
* 3? * H?
=(*
8 =(* ,(&
8 ,(& !
7HB8
-
3?
* 3?
8 N 7 ! 8
=(*
:A% B
?2@ ?B@ @@B #
:?@% @@B D =(*
?3:
,(&
7H3C8 HA
=(* 7HB8 * ,(&N?
) HA 7 , 3?
8 N 7:%??:8 7
J N :% J N :?@%
N ??:K
N
N ?3:K
N
@@B @ @A
8 N 7:?@%?3:8
?H
0.16 0.14
+5-
0.12 0.1
0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 15
20
25
35
30
35
* H??O =
J,(&
N ?K N @ ?3
=(* ,(&
=(*
* H? &
,(& 7,(&
2@8 @@A 1
AM
% 5E5 $D = " % 5 E 5 O''
'
''' @@2 ; +,
$ $ " # D
?CC@
( 6/7
"
A
B3 ) 1
A
( 6/7
?
R?
6
! 8
& 7
!
. * H "
&
?A
( 6 7 6/7
"
&
6 &
( 6/7
N ? N # &
( 6/7
N
2 3
6
!
6
L ! E ! 8
7 4
( 67
"
6
)
J& ' K N (7? 87? 8 & N ? U ' N ? @ ? @ ? ( * (
=(*
(( 67
&
J& ' K N
?
& N @ ? U ' N @ ?
=(*6
($ 6 7 6/7
"
" ?
@ D
! 8 N R ! N * =(* 7 ! 8 7 8 )
7
(# 67
* =(* 9 H? "
(2 6 7 67
) 4
? 2 3
/
& )
6
7& ' 8 O & N ? 2 3 :U ' N J7 ! 8 K
N
N 7& ' 8 O ? & U 2 ' 3 ( 67 " =(* J& ' K N 7?8 & N ? U ' N ? & N 7& ' 8 O ? & 2U ' JK ( 67
=(* HC E
=(*
?C
'N@ 'N? 'N
&N@ &N? &N
@
@
@
HCO ; =(* = H?
( 6 7 67
& =(*
J& ' K N 7? 8
& N ? U ' N ?
=(*
( 67
& =(*
J& ' K
N ? 2B
&
'
N ? 2 3 : BU
N
? 2 3 : B =(*
( 6/7
" =(*
?@ ?
J& ' K N ( '
(
& N @ ?U ' N @ ? ?@
*
( =(*
=(* 4O / =(*
( 6 7 6/7
* =(*
=(* H
(( 6 7
= = H2 H3 5E*
($ 6/7
1 5E* =(* H E
(# 6 7 6/7
"
(2 6 7
" =(*
!
J& ' K N
& ' 8 N 7@ @8 7& ' 8 N 7? ?8 7& ' 8 N 7? @8 7& ' 8 N 7? ?8 7
6
! 7 8 N 78 78
=
5E*
&
@
( 6 7
& =(*
7@ @8 77&& '' 88 N ?8 J& ' K N ( 7& ' 8 NN 7@ 7? @8
7& ' 8 N 7? ?8 R R ( R N ?
N ( )
( 67
H: &
,7 8 !
,7 8
!
=(*6
( 6 7 6/7
& =(*
?@ ?? ?
J& ' K N & & N @ ? ?@U ' N @ ? ?? ' ! 6 # =(*6 ( 6 7 " ! = =(* 8 N ! % J,K N
J K J ,K
, N ? @ ?
7H8 D
! 8 7 8 8 D
7
!
% J,K N ( 67
&
J K J ,K
, N ? @ ?
. = H3 =(*
2 8 !
= 7
2
= 7 8
!
8
N
!
4O
8 N 7 ! 8 =(* H: (( 6 7 67 & ,7?8 ! ,7?8 ! =(* 8 N R ! # =(* 6 E
( 6/7
* =(*
6
($ 6 7
=
J7 8K N J7 8K E ! 6
(# 6 7
?
=
J7 8 R 77! 8K N J7 8K R J77! 8K (2 6 7
= 7H2?8
( 6 7
* 7
! 8 7H228 # R ! 8 7 ! 8 !
7 6
( 67
* =(* H3
( 6 7 67 ( 6 7
4
6 * =(* H:
=
O
! 8
7 8
7! 8
7( ! 8
7 (! 8
7 R ! 8
7 R ! 8
7
N N N N N N N
J! K J K J! K 7 8
7 ! 8 ( J 7 ! 8K ( J 7 ! 8K
7 8 R 7 ! 8
7 8 R 7! 8
( ( 6 7 & ! 7 ! 8
N
8
!
N 7 ! 87 8
N 1
R ! 7
8 8 N @
1 9 C366
( 67
" = H2: =(* H:
F 7
(( 6 7 67
8 8 N @
& =(*
J& ' K N
?
& N ? U ' N ?
&
($ 6 7 67
E ) =(*
* HC
(# 6 97
J7! 77?3??8 ???88 K
= )
J7! 7 R 88 K N 7! 8 ? ;
N
. = H2A
(2 6 7 6/7
&
=(*
5
*
&N@ &N?
!
'N@ 'N?
H?@O ; =(* = H3@
7 1 BB8 "
) D
N ) = 4
!
) 6
( 6 7 6/97
* =(*
3? E
* H?
6 &
H@ 6 4
HA 6 5
L 6
( 67
=
( J K 7 8 @ ?
( 6 7 6/7
Æ # 1
R
&
2
! N 8 N R 4 J K J K6 ( 6/7 5 7 R ! 8 !
Æ
4
L
6 4O 9
Æ
R ; N ? @ ; N ? @ ( 67 6/7 & ,7?8 ! ,7?8 ! =(* 8 N R ! . ( 67
=
!
N
5 = HH
(( 6/7
. =(*
7 8 ! 7 8 8 N R ! 7 R 8 #
!
) , =(*6
($ 6 7 67
. =(*
HH !
! 8 =(*
7
5
(# 6 7 67
* =(*
HH
D !
! 8 Æ
7
;W
N
)
Z
N
Z
N
8 + !
7
Z
?
?
ZZ
Z
&
3
! 7 8 ! 8 N R ! % J K N 7 ?87? 8 N 2 D N ? ! 8 ! ! ! ! 9 =(* 8 =(*
(2 6/97
&
7 8
=(*
( 6/97
. =(* H:
!
!
D
= H2:
8 F
8
7
8 N
8
) Z)Z ?
Z )Z
N
N
)
?
?
) 8 + ! , ! 8 N ) N R 7 8 + ! 7 ! 8 7
#$#%& ' 5 1
! )
<
)$ J
K
)
&
3 =
N N
(
) J< K $ J K N (< (
3 N @ = N @ )$ J73< =
(
8 K
( ($ J
@
7H"?8
7H"8
K
) J< K (
(
)$ J7 ($ J K< ) J< K ( )$ J$ J( K< ( $ J K ) J< K< R ) J< K $ J K) J< K $ J K ) J< K)$ J< K R ) J< K$ J )$ J 7 8K N $ J 7 8K ( ( $ J K) J< K $ J K ) J< K)$ J< K @ K J< K E $ J ) )$ J<( K ? (
@ $ J K ) J< K :
8 K
@
K
@
K
@
&
B
J< ( ( )$
) J<
)$ J<
K
$ J
K
K
(
K
?
(
) J< K $ J
K
, 7H"8
<
)$ J )
)$ J73< = )
8 K N
(
K
7
3> = 8 )$ J> K
7
*
'
3> = 8 N @ & ' )$ J> K @
) )
)
) J< K $ J
3> N =
(
(
)
) !
K
& '
3< N =
= 7 ) ! 8 3 < N (< N =
!
! 6 &! & 5 3
#
J" K "
9 "
JK & J" K
&
" "
9 3
3
4
*
# )
& J ? K J K
=(* &
7 7:B8668
=(*
- =(*
7338668
7
=(*
J K N J ? K J ? K R J K J K H
!
A
J K
N
N
J K 7
J ? K J ? K
R
J K J K8
=(* ) =(* 7
8
=(*
=(*
"
=(* & =(* *
J" K
"
6 !
=(* 1 A2 &
=(* 7AH8
& =(*
@ ? &
! = A?GA: =(* =(* =(* * A3 & =(* =(*
7A8 *
=(* 7A28 & 1 A:
=(*
8 N 7 ! 8
=(* 7AB8
=(* &
!
1 A: =(*
7A2@8 & =(* $% =(* &
=(* =(* 7A2:8 7
0 !
! 8 "
("+", 1 AH
*
1 AA .! =(*
=(* $%
!
C
=(*
6 " 0! #
1!
?
? 5
+
N 1
N
?
?
?
=(*
J&K N 3? 3 && NN ? @
3 ?
3
!
7A?8
? 2 3
@
N
5 N
4
* A?
3
2
?
?
* A?O (
! 8
7
!
3 &
!
2@
* A? &
JK
N
N
4
J& ' K
J& ' K
7A8
=(* =(*
7 5 38 / 5 H =(* =(*
J& ' K J&K
N N
J N & ! N ' K J N &K
,
J& ' K
J N & ! N ' K 7 =(*8 N J! N ' N &K J N &K 7 8 N J! N ' N &K J&K 7 =(*8 7A28 * 7A?8 J&K J! N ' N &K # N ? N " 3 =(* & N ? N
3
J! N ' N &K N ' 7? 8
' N @ ? 2 3
7A38
N & "
N & =(*
D @
&
J! N ' N &K ? J! N ' N &K N ? J! N ' N &K #& #
J' &K N J! N ' N &K ' N @ ? 2 3 9 * A N ?3 N ?
/
! 0.5
J' ?K
J' K
0.5
2?
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0 −1
0
'
1
2
3
4
5
0 −1
0
&' 4 4 +
'
1
2
3
4
5
&%' 4 3 4 3
* AO 5 =(* 7A38
=(* . 7A28
J& ' K N J' &K J&K
7A:8
7A38 7A?8 =(*
J& ' K
N
N
3
7? 8 3 ' 3
' 7? 8 7? 38
& N ?U ' N @ ? 2 3 & N U ' N @ ? 2 3
* 7A8
JK
N
3
N
J? ' K R
J ' K
3
' 7? 8 3 R ' 7? 8 7? 38
N ?3 N 23 3 N ? JK N @B@:: 3 N ?A JK N @AB22 5 6
"
D 7A:8 =(* J& ' K J' &K N J&K
7AB8
2
!
N O ! 7 8 N ' " N O 7 8 N & J' &K N J! N ' N &K N J NJ&N! &KN ' K J "K N J" K N J " K J' &K "
6 ;> " > 0 " 7AB8 =(* &
=(*
J K N JJK K
7AH8
J K N @
-
=(* 9 =(* =(* & J' ?K J' K J' ?K J' K =(* ' 4
=(*
7 = A38
J' ?K
N
?
J' K
N
?
J' &K N ? 7 = 3C668
=(*
,
=(* 7AH8
) $$ . /
)
# =(*
6 # ! N ? N @
! % ( (
J' ?K J' @K '
A?
!
22
&N? &N &N2 &N3 &N: &NB
N
2 ?
'N? 'N 'N2 'N3 'N: 'NB 2
:
H
2
:
H
$
H
$
C
2
C
2
C
H
$
H
$
H
$
:
:
??
A?O
C
2 ??
G
J' ?K D 7& ' 8
?'2B D J? ' K J' ?K N J?K
7AH8
' N 3 B A ?@ ?
7AA8
J? ' K ) ' 1 7AA8 ' 7 J' ?K N @8 J? ' K N J' K ' N 3 B A ?@ ? " ?A J?K N ? 7AA8 J' ?K N ?J' K 7?2B8 N ? ? N ?A
A?
J' ?K N
'N 'N3 'NB 'NA ' N ?@ ' N ?
'
*
7AC8
!
23
'
J ?K N ?
D
7 = AH8
J' @K N
=(*
'N2 'N: 'NH 'NC ' N ??
* A2
J' @K
N
J' @K
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
"
0.5
J' ?K
0.5
7A?@8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
'
8
0
9 10 11 12
1
2
5 +5-
3
4
5
6
7
'
8
9 10 11 12
5 +5&%'
&'
* A2O 5 =(* 9 A? ?
'
J ?K
9 =(* L
=(* #
!
" $ . E
& =(*
+ "
J K
+
=(*
J K
N
J K
N
J K
K J K J K J
7A??8
7A?8
! % ( ( = O 1 =(*
JK
2:
K
J
7AH8 7A??8 1 7A?8
4
=(* =(*
K & * A2 =(* J' ?K ' N A J? AK N :2B J? K N ?A2B $% ' JA?K N :?A !
J
" $( .
+
J K N J J K K JK
= O ,
!
7AH8
7A?28
J K J K N J K
J K
N N N
J! N N K J N ! N K J K
7
J K N JJK K
. 7A?28
" N " 8
7A?38
J K N J K JK 7AH8 7A?38
" $$ .
+ ! 3 "
J K N JJK K JJK K
= O * 7A??8
7A?:8
J K J K N J K
7A?B8
J K N J K J K
7A?H8
7A?38
!
2B
7A?B8
" $# . " - D +
+ 3 3
J K J K = O
7A?A8
J K JK J K J K
N N
+
7A?A8 7A?C8
=(* 7AH8 7A?C8
7A?H8
" $2 . + 3 3 " - - 3 +
J K N
J K J K
+ 7A@8
J K N J K 7 =(* =(*8 = O
)
! * A3 D =(* =(* 7 * A38
=(* =(* =(* 7 * A38 * =(* =(* =(* 7 * A3 8 " !
"
=(*
!
J K N J K J K
7A?8 7AH8
J K N J KJ KJ K N J K
7A?8
7A8
#& #&
!
*
=(* 7 = A?38
J! N K N
J K
7A28
!
N
7
N
8((
7
8(8
8()
N
8(
7
N N
7
N
2H
&%'
&'
8(8
7
8)
7
8(9
7
N
' &1" " #" " ( ' * A3O 5 =(*
6# " ! ! "+ " =(* =(*
8 N R!
!
#
% N 9
9 7 7H?8668
=(* =(*
8
) O 5 &
6 &
=(*
8
!
2A
8 + N & " 8 N & R ! & 8 7 N &8 , ! 8 #
=(*
=(*
=(* # J' K R & =(* # J' &K =(* & #& 8 8 N ' % J' &K N J' &&K D =(* 8 7A@8
& Æ
% J' K N
% J' &K N J' &&K % J' K N
,
!
% J' &K J&K
J' &&K J&K
% J' K N
N
J' &K J&K
"
) $# .
+
8 N 7 ! 8
! " ! =(* ! =(* 8 7A@8 +
% J K N
% J &K J&K
7A38
% N & , N & 8 N 7& ! 8 =(* #
D
=(*
! 8 8 =(* 7! 8 N 7& ! 8
7
+
* A:
4 7:A866
% J &K N
J' &K
=(*
!
2C
78 N 7& 8
&
& * A:O =
7' 8 N 7 * A:8 & ' N & ? & N & ' N
N & R ? & R @
N & & ? % J &K N J' &K N & 7A:8 J &K
N & R ? & R
1
'
78 N 7& 8
. 7A38
% J K
N
N
N
N
J K
% J &K J&K R % J K J K R J &K J&K R J K J&K R
J' K J K R @
J' K J K
J&K R J K
% J &K J&K
7
7 8
7 7A:88
!
8
J' K
D
% J K N =(*
8
J& K R
J ' K
=(*
N 7 8 O N & N ' &
* AB
8
7
N
"
P
!
3@
7 8
?
?
* ABO = =(* =(*
N "
8 N 7 ! 8
=(*
8
N
7 ! 8
! O * N 8 7 N 8 N 7 ! 8 * =(* 8 ) ! 8
7:C866
=(* =(*
% J) K
N
(
N
(
J K
J K
7 8
. =(* =(*
% J) K N
% J) K J K
&
!
J! K N
#
J K
J K J K J! K N J K JK
J K 7AB8
! 9)
3?
$ J! K N J K% !"J#K !" # # "
7AH8
"
&
! 7A28
J! N K N
J! K N
J K
J! N K J K
7AA8
6* " 0 1 =(* =(* &
#&
N
!
&
J K
7AC8
& ! 4 =(* ) # =(* J! K $! % =(* =(* " $! % =(* =(* N =(*
=(*
J! K N "
J K
7A2@8
"
) $2 . + . ) $
!
3
#
J! K N ? N @ =(*
9 A?
7AC8 7A?@8 =(*
J! ?K
N
J! @K
N
2
?
?A
?A
R3
R:
2
3 ?A
?A
RB
RH
:
B ?A
?A
RA
RC
:
3 ?A
?A
R ?@
R ??
2
?A
?A
R ?
?
N H
?A
N H
* A2 & =(*
#
7 8 N J! K
# =(* 7
! 8 N
J! K J K
= A
! 88
7
7A2?8
71 = A2
D * A2
<- - F G?
7 8 N J! K =(* J K "
=(* &
)
!
=(*
! J7! 8 K
7! 8 * 7! 8 N ! ) !
+
7 = AH8
#
) $ . /
L E
?23: B E
22 2 "
!
32
9 )
# 6
"
#
N
?
?
! J! ?K J! K , ? =(*
J' ?K N ?B
' N ? 2 3 : B
7A28
' N 2
7A228
J' K N ?
=(* 7A228
2
. 7A2@8
7A28
J! ?K J! K
N
N
' J' ?K N H ' J' K N :
"
7A238
* AH
:@ * AH
* AH
?
* &
* AH 2AA * AH :A D 7A238 2: :
&
=(* #
!
J! K
&
&
* AH AH 7 *
AH * AH8 4
J! K
5 ?
O
?'
! 8
8
6
6
33
4
2
0
4
2
0
10
20
30
"
40
0
50
&' :(# " # "
0
10
20
30
"
40
50
&%' :(# " 3 # "
* AHO 5
5
!
" ("+",
$ 7 4$B ) % & C+# )/C /C /C /C /C /C+# 7 4$B )% &+# )/% /%+#
4$B 7
" B, "
?
J! K
,
7
"
7? 87H 8 R 7? 87: 8 N 2
* AH , :@
J' K
2: +
,
!
!
!
!
, =(* =(*
!
3:
* A3 =(* 4 7A28 7A228
J&K N ? & N ? J& ' K N & J' &K J&K & N ?U ' N ? 2 3 : B N & N U ' N 2
J' K J' K
N
N
J& ' K
J? ' K N ' N ? 3 : B J? ' K R J ' K N R N ' N 2
J! K
N
N
?
N
2
' J' K
?
?
R
? 2
R2
? 2
R3
? ?
R:
? ?
RB
? ?
D
7A238
J! K N J! ?K J?K R J! K JK
!
J! K N
J! K JK
J! K JK
N
N
N
7 8
J K J K JK
N
7A2:8
* , + J K- JK
N
1
7A2:8
J K
J K
J! K
7 =(*8
7 =(* =(*8
3B
!
& 7A2:8
7 8 N J! K N
1
7 8
7A2:8
7 8 , 7 8 N J! K
J! K N J7 8K J! K N J J! KK
& L
7A2B8
=(*
1
"
=(*
=(*
# 7A2B8
) $ . & ! "
4
! #
= 728
*
N : :
5
4
N&
=(*
!
=(* 7 7:B8668
&
J' &K N ' 7? 8 ' N @ ? &U & N @ ? D 7A2B8 J! K N J J! KK =(* J! &K N & J! K N J K N J K , = J K N 2 J! K N 2 & ! = 72 8 7 = AB8 ! =
! &
3H
61 "! ! 8 " & 1 H??
!
7
! 8 ("+",
=(* .
)
)
J K N J K J K ! 7 ! 8 !
=(* JK N ! !
#& J K 7- ! !
J K J K N J K8
1
=(*
9
H?:
) $ . 5 3 0 D " ! *! . ) ( 6 7 =(* 9 H?:
* AA
=(*
?
?
* AAO ; =(* 9 AB , * AA
J&K N
&
&N@ &N?
=(*
J' @K
N
N
J@ ' K J@K
&
N N
'N@ 'N?
!
3A
J' ?K
N
J? ' K J?K
&
N
("+",
N N
'N@ ' N ?
! 7
! 8
$ 7 / K )+ 7/% K 78);8+ 7 7 K )+ 7/& K 78);8+ 7 7 = AC
66 % + ,- . =! 3 "
*
/
&
&
! !
3C
( ,
J ?CCCK
,
9
)
& ,
=(*
"
1
N ?8
7
$%
-
N ? 8
#
,
)
&
7
-
&
=(* L
)
!
=(* -
=(* * AC &
=(* $L%
* AC D
,
=(*
* AC 1 =(*
J K N ?R ?
N @
?
7A2H8
7 * AC N ??8 #&
!
D
# =(* +
4
=(*
1
=(*
!
N
)
!
:@
0.8
0.8
J K
1
J K
1
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0 −0.5
0
0.5
1
0 −0.5
1.5
&' 4 - %% ; "
0
0.5
1
1.5
&%' 4 - %% ; "
* ACO =(* T
N & & N @ ? & 7? 8
=(*
J& K N 1
=(*
7A2A8
!
=(* J &K #&
5 3 =(* $% , 7A?:8
!
N &
!
=(*
J &K N J&J&K K JJK K
. 7A2H8 7A2A8
7? 8
J &K N
7? 8
N @ ? ?U & N @ ?
7? 8 J &K N 7? 8
N @ ? ?U & N @ ?
7A2C8
:?
D =(*
&
=(*
N ?@ & N 3 =(* * A?@ * N @ & N ?? N 3@ & N ?C
=(*
* A?@ A?@ D
=(*
@: , $%
D 7
& N @ 7A2C88
1
0.8
1
0.8
0.6
1
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 −0.5
&' 4 7 4 + * A?@O
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 −0.5
&%' 4 37 4
0
0.5
1
' 4 +7 4
= =(* G
N@
=(* * AC
J &K
J &K
*
J &K
0 −0.5
N 3@ & N H =(*
& N
N ?@
N @
& N :
* A?? #
=(* @ 1 J< ?CC2K ,
% < 1
& $ $ : " %
= 4 9
5L D; ?CC2
! ; $ 33 (& = 5 (" ?CCC
;, $, %
1.5
!
0.8
1
J &K
1
J &K
J &K
:
0.8
0.6
1
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0 −0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 −0.5
&' 4 7 4 3 * A??O
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 −0.5
&%' 4 37 4 8
0
0.5
1
1.5
' 4 +7 4
= =(* G
$ 6/7
"
N @
&
N ?
D
N ? " N @ * A? D " 2' & ) ! N ? ) ! N @ * =(* J' &K & ' D J! N @K
) 3
?
?
" * A?O " = A?
$ 6 7 6/7
" N @
N ?
&
!
)
:2
! N @ * J' &K & ' D J! N ?K
& =(*
$ 6/7
" 2
" 7
28 )
!
N N
!
@
?
J' &K & ' J K N ?
E =(*
$ 6 7
=
$ 6 7 6/7
"
=(*6
J' K N 7? 8 ' N ? U N ?3 ? 23 ! J' K N 7? 8 ' N @ ? U N ? ? J' K N ( ' N 2 U N
( 6
$ 6 7 67
$( 67
J& ' K N
&
& N @ ' N @ & N @ ' N ? & N ? ' N @ & N ? ' N ?
F =(* 7A?@8
$$ 6 7 67
*
* A?
) 9
$# 6/7
9 7A??8 7A?8
$2 6/7
&
$ 6 7 6/7
6
"
)
)
'
J' ?K J' K J' 2K
N N N
@@? @? 7@C8 7@A8 @ 7@ CC8
!
:3
' N ?
J' &K =(* ' & &
D
?@ 6
J& ' K A E
=(* " 6
$ 67
" =(*
&N? &N &N2
'N? 'N 'N2
AO ; =(* = A?
$ 6 7 6/7
" 7
! 8
* A?2
)
D * A?2 )
Æ
* A?2 R3: *
?
&'
?
&%'
* A?2O ; =(* )
$ 6 7
.
=(* 7A28 4O +
N O ! 78 N
O ! 78 N $ 6/7 & ! =(* 8 ! " N @ ? N @ ? 4O
N
::
& % J K N J&K J&K
& & & &
7 J K J R K R J K J R K8
"
N@
N ?
% J &K N JJ&&KR K R J& K
NN @@ $ 6/7
= "
&
'
&
& N @ ? , J' K N 7?8 ' N @ ?
J K N 7? 8
&
#
6 4O . =
A?:
! =(* @ ? =(* 8 N 7 ! 8 $$ 6/7 & ! =(* J& ' K N 7? 87? 8 & N @ ? U ' N @ ? J! K & 7A28 J! N &K N J! & N &K $# 67 & ! =(* = AB J! K $2 67 & ! =(* J& ' K N ? 728 2' P & N @ ? U ' N @ ? J! &K & $ 67 67 * ! =(* N 7@ @8 7? @8 7? ?8 7 @8 7 ?8 7 8 $ 67 67 * =(* = A? 7! 8 9 $ 6 7 = 7! 8 N J! K J! K 7A2?8 $ 67 * J! K =(* = A? E $( 6 7 6/7
&
7A2B8
!
:B
$ 6 7
= 7A2B8
J7! 8K N J7! 8 K 77 8 N J 7! 8 K
77 8 N J7! 8K N
7 8 J K
J7! 8K
$ J7! 8K N 7 8 J K% J K
$ 6 7
&
=(*
= 728 ! =(* !
2 8
= 7
J+K N 728 2+P
+ N @ ?
J' +K N +' 7? 8
J' K N 72 8 72 ' P8
' N @ ? + ' N @ ?
!
2 8 =
= 7
= A:
5 768
N N N
J7 '6! 8K J7'6! 8 J 7'68 R 7? 8K
$( 6 7
& 5 H
)
!
N
)
J7! 7
R 88 K &
:H
! 7 8 !
W N
J7! 7 88 K
N
J! K
7 88 J K
7
N
$ 7 7 88 J K% J K
JK L 7 8 ) !
,
$ 7 7 88 J K%
7 8 N ( = ! 7 8 N J! K 4O 1 BB $$ 67 67 * ! =(*
J& ' K N
!
& ' 8 N 7? @8 7& ' 8 N 7@ ?8 7& ' 8 N 7@ ?8 7& ' 8 N 7? @8 7
= AH
*
"
7 1 HC8 E
& N ? @ ? 9
$# 67
N &
("+", 1 AH !
! 8
7
AA E =(*
=(* *
J& ' K
1 H??66
$2 6 7 6/97
* =(* * AA
J' &K ! 7 8 N @ N ?
D
!
:A
$ 6/97
* =(* * AA
! !
J! K
7A2B8 = A2@
J! K N J! @K W J@K R J! ?K W J?K
J
=(*
@K J ?K = A2@
"
1 :C
& N N ?? N ?@ 2@ :@ H@ #
$ 6/97
* =(* 7A2C8 =(*
6 9 4O =(*
"
$ 7 &! &
? 4
5 :GA
?
&
! #
'
?
" ("+",
1
) " 5
7 !
=(* 7C?8
7C28 7C38 =(*
=(*
& =(*
7CH8
=(*
7CC8 &
=(*
=(* 7C?38 7C?:8
:C
"
B@
7C?B8 "
7C?H8
7C@8
7C?8 & 7C8 7C:8 :
& ! = C?G
=
7CH8 = C: " 9 C3
=(* 7C28 7C238
7C2B8 " ! =(* =(* 7C2C8
#
( ! =(* 7C3?8
7C338 7C3B8 1 ("+", 1 CA
*
' 1 CC &
7 % ) 0! = 7
)
! 8 J ! K
7
1
8 : N J
"
1
1
7 8
$ .. // N . / %
/%
"
9 7 8 $ .. 7 8 // :7 8 N .
?
K D
4
:
"
N
9 1
:7 8
B?
"
7 8 7 8 7 8
#
:
J N N N K
=(* =(*
J K N J N N N K
7C?8
JK N J: N K
7C8
J K
J>K > N J K " =(* #
=(*
=(* 7 73?C8668 & =(*
J K N @ N @ ? & N ?
=(*
7C38
R R 8
?
N
?
C28
7 R
K J K
J
@
N
N
7C28
7C38
7 =
=(* =(*
*
JK N
JK J K
7C:8
7CB8
?
7CB8
J N
K N
J N K
"
B
#
=(* #
&
J K N J K
=(*
N =(* =(* & "
=(*
J K N J K JK J K
7CH8
4 7CH8 7CH8 . =(*
N
=(*
N 3 J K N J K J K 7 8 7 8
* =(*
" =(*
) # . E
5
+
#
*
&
N ?
N @
"
5 3 L
8 O N @ ? U & N ?
) ,
7? 8
J K N
N
7
=(* 7CH8
J K
N
N
N
J K
7? 8
7?
8
7CA8
" 75E*8
7 8 N J K
"
B2
& @ ? $ % "
8 7R R R8
7
N
@
N
?
5E*
7 R R R8
R * 5E*
JK N
7 : H 1
?
?
?
& =(* 7 7H?8668 &
H " N 378 3
N 7 8 N 7 8
J K N
N
7 8
J K
7CC8
&
)
"
N
378
=(* 7CC8 "
J"K N
" N N " =(*
J"K N J "K
H
N
3 7"8
J3 7"8K
7C?@8
) # )
=(*
"
B3
=(* ? I N J! ! ! 8 N 8 N 8 N K
7CC8 (
H ?
- =(*
I
=(*
J K N
( (
H
(
%%% J) ) ) K
=(*
+
9
H
) Æ "
) # . + . . . * & 9 C? : =(* 7CA8 #
! ! !
R R R
N N N
2 2
?
H
?
& 2
N
?
@
@
?
?
@
?
?
?
$ %
2
:
D , , , " &
&
H
H
1 !
* C?
, , , 8 N 7@ @ @8 7@ @ ?8 7@ ? ?8 7? ? ?8 7@ ? 8 7? ? 8 7? 8 7? 28
2 7
D
"
7C??8
!
7C?@8
&
" 4
4
4
3
3
3
! 2
! 2
!
B:
1
1
1
0
0
1
2
&
3
0
4
2
0
1
&'
2
&
3
0
4
0
1
2
&%'
&
3
4
'
* C?O ! ,
7 ! 78 N ? 8
N
?
@
@
?
?
@
?
?
@
N "
$ %
N N N
7C?@8 7CA8 =(*
H
& 7C?@8
J, , , K N J, , , , ,K 7CA8
J K N 7? 8
J, , , K N & 7? 8&
D =(*
/" >
7C?8
7C??8
+ *
=(*
,
,
"
H
=(* &
&
"
BB
*
,
,
N @ 2
?
,
N 2 &
7C??8 ?
N ? 2
,
N
7C?8 ?7?
8 R 2 7? 8 R 2 7? 8 R N ?
"
)
& !
N
7C?28
* N 1 HB N 9 9
*
J K N *
!
!
5 7685 768 7'6 8 6
J K N
! !
5 768 7'6 8 6
=(* ! J K N 5 768 7'6 8 6 7C?38 ! 5 76 8 " 7
= CC8
) # . + * *!
+
# =(*
, 7 1 3B8 # 7C?38 N ?
N @ =(* ! N
! , 5 768 N J7'6 8K N 7'6 7?88 R 7'6 7@887? 8 N 7'6 8 R 7? 8
" D
7C?38
J K
!
N
J
!
BH
7'68 R 7? 8K 7'6 8 6
!
6 7 8 7'6 8K 7? 8 7'6 8 ! & ! 6 N 7? 8 J'6 7& 8K & ! , @ & N ? & N 7 = CA8 N
.
J
!
& N
J K N 7? 8
N @ ? 8
, =(* 7
7# ,- ) !
$$ J K $ .. // . J K / J:K N .... //%//% N .. //%
#
J K
$% $ %
J K N J K
"
7 8
N
7C?:8
"
1 7 1 HH8
J7 8K 7 8 J K
7 8 N
7C?B8
"
BA
N
N
R
R R
7 R
R R 8 J K
J K
N
J K
J K
J K R J K R R J K
,
N
JK
7C?H8
&
? N J K J :K N J:K
7C?H8
7C?A8
# =
R 8 N 7 8 R 7 8 R 7 8 - 7 8 7
N
N
$ % $ 7 J K8 %
7
N J K
N
N
$ % $ %
N
J K
7C?C8
J K N J K8
"
BC
,
J K
J7 JK87 J K8K J7 J K87 J K8K
7 8
N
N
N
D 7
7
8 N 7 8 7 8 N 7 8
N 7C?C8
8
N
N
"
7
8 R
7
#
N
8
7
7C8
7C@8 *
R 8 N
7C?8
7
&
8
7
8 N @ & N '
7C@8
" )
7C@8
N
8
7 8
8
7
7
N 7C@8
7C28
8 7 8
7
7C28
7
R 8 N
?
?
?
7C38 ?
"
H@
&
L *
N 2 N
8
7 8
7 8
8 7 8
7 8
7
7
. N . .
8
7 8 7
8
7
8 7 8
7
7
8 $
7 8 % 7 8
7
8 $
7 8 / /
7
8
8
" # . * " 9 9
8 N 7 8
7
7C:8
7
= O
/%
N
7#68
" # . * * ; , ? N J K @ D = O
7 " 58
5
J K
N
!
+
N
R 8
7
R 8 7 R N R R ( ( 8 N J7 R 8 K 7 J K N J K N @8 N J K R J K R J K R J K 7 8 N 7 8 R 7 8 R 7 8 R 7 8 7 8 7 8 N 7 8 7 8 N 1 7 R 8 @ N
7
"
H?
"
-
"
@ N 2 & N R R ( N @ ( ) N 7 8 7( 8 7 R 8 N N @
*
7 = C?38
N N J? ? ?K
N
N
7CB8
?
7C@8 7 L
8
* "
Æ
) 7 = C?A8 1
" # . * *! 3 " = O + 7
L !
8 N @ & N ' 7C:8
,
1
N 7:8 N J 7:8K J 7:8K 7:8 J 7:8K J 7:8K
"
8 77: :8
" # . * H 6/ - 7
N
N
:9 /-
7CH8
"
H
= O
) # 7 = C?8
N N N N
N
7
H JHK87H JHK8
7: J:K87: J:K8 7: J:K877: J:K88 7: J:K87: J:K8
H
7 = C8 7 = C28
N J? ? ?K N 7! 8 N ? P8 " # . * /" ! 3 0
7
!
4
&
.. N .
!
&
:
H N :
7 8
@
@
7 8
@
@
!
@ @
! 8
$ // /%
7
) 7 = H2:66 8
-
= O # 7 " 58 ( JD E ?CHHK 1
4
1
* N 2 *
? * * *
& N ?
"
* *
H2
& N ' 7 8 * * N ? 7 ! 8 # ? * 2 *
N @
2 @
2 * 2 * 2 * 7CA8 ? ! !
,
* *
*
N
N 7 = C38
! !
( (
N
! !
N
@
. 7CA8
* *
!"
*
N #
* *
(
7CC8
( @
7C2@8
2 @ @ $ .. @ 2 @ // . /% @ @ 2 !" #
*
J
' N 'J
7
D
'
' '
8
=
' ' N J
7 8
' ' N J D
' N
= C3
H N :
N ' :
N N
N
:
N
' ' J
H
7 = C38 7 7C2?88
&
!8 N
7
+
2 @
H
7C2?8
H3
"
N A N @ N N B J K
N A N @ N N B JK
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
C?O ; =(*
5 668 "
7
) #( . % *! #
=(* C? #
* C?
J K J K J K
H N :
J K N @ J K N B
N N N
B
8
7 8 7
N
7
N
B
N
B
B
B
B
8 N B
28* N 2 * 2 ) 7 28 N @ B 2 B N @ B B 2
2
7B
287B 28 2B N @ 2 N 2
N @
7
7
2 8* N
B
B
B
B
> @
>
N
@
"
H:
!
$ * N %
1 7
2 8* N
B
> @
B
N
>
B
B
@
!
$ * N %
'N
* *
N
N '
N
4
H N :
!
N
!
N
?
?
? R
?
! ! JHK N J:K N J:K N 2 @
N
N
' ' N J N
@
&
N
? N 3 Æ
3:
? ?
?
?
2
L
@
?
7 = CH8
"
: H -
* C
C?
"
HB
10 8 6
"
4
"
2
0
−2 −4
"
−6
"
−8
−10 −10 −8
−6
* CO 1
Æ
3:
−4
:
−2
0
2
4
7 8
H
6
8
10
7 8
7* ; " 0! & & & & & &
J
=(*
K N
J
K
7C28 " =(*
J& & & K N J& K J& K J& K
7C228
5 76 6 6 8 N
' 6 R 6 R R 6 8KK
JJ 7
7C238
5 76 6 6 8 N J' 76 R 6 R R 6 8K J K
" & &
HH
7 = CA8
5 76 6 6 8 N 5 7685 768 5 76 8
"
:
=(*
*
J K
!!
!
5 76 6 6 8 6 6 6 J' 76 R 6 R R 6 8K
N
! !
!
7C2:8
"
5
6 6 6
D 7 8
) !
*
J K
6
6 N 6 N N 6 N @
J K N
!!
! !
6 5 76!" 6 @ @ @8# J' 76 R6 8K 6
+
"
J& & & K
N
?
' & & &
: & && 5 76 6 6 8 :6& :6& :6&
71 " 0! #
7C2B8
L =(*
"
=(*
5 A =(*
*
J K N
J K J K
7C2H8
"
HA
7C2H8
N ? 7C2H8 N
&
N
7C2A8
& 7C2A8
N
5
=(* 7
73?@8668
N
"
7C2C8
=(*
N N 2 3 + 2
7C3@8
&
#+
# (
N
!
1 3B3
7C2C8
7C3?8
=(* -
=(* & !
=(*
"
N
5 66 "
N N N N N
R N R R R N R
7C3@8 $%
R
" &
HC
=(* N R " N 7 8 7 8 " N N N 2 3 7C3@8 & $ =(* *
%
) #$ . & /> +
& N ?
# J K N ?
NN ? ?
N
=(*
? N R =(* 7C3?8 " $%
N
7C38
, N R N J K N # J K 7 ? =(*8 N # J K 7 8 N # J K 7 =(*8 1 ? ! N R ( ( =(* J K N J (K 1 N * 7C38
J K N
" !
# J K
N ?
* C2
+
#
7C328
* C2 "
5 66
D
"
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
A@
0
0
−1
−1
−2
−2
−3
−3
−4
−4
−5
0
5
10
15
20
25
−5
30
0
5
&' " *
10
15
20
25
30
&%' " *
* C2O !
! * C2 7C328
J? @ K N
# J K N
? ?
N
# J?K N # J?K N ?
76 "! ! % ) !
1 H?? 1 AH
7 7C2C88 #
&
?
7C?:8 7C:8 #
) &
=(* ) Æ
1 BA 4
! ? :
?
J:K N
7C338
" !
A?
& J:K 7? 8 J K &
J K
'
7?
::
0
7
: J:K8 7: J:K8
1
) 7 = C2?8
#
N
N
:: 7 J:K87 J:K8
7C3:8
J:K 7C338 ::
8
& ' 8
7
J:: K N J K N J K
?
?
N
2 N
N
?
J:K 7C338
?
2
J KJ K ?
J:K
?
J:K
7C3B8
"
) ## . % *! . & 9 C?
&
?
C?
HN
:
H
:
=(*
"
A
:
N
B
B
B
N
!
B
H
@
@
@
2
: 1 H??
7C3B8 !
2
N
2
N
B?@HH ?CHH3 @@B?
: C@A@
N ?@@@
:A::A @@B? 2?CACB B ?@HH
("+",
? ? ? . ## , ? $ $ , - I F
% *D% '%( % *D '( %% C C% % ) +# ? I $ " /$ 5I-% % $ ? I
" "
A2
* 5I5I" 0 #/$ 5I 3)/1% */1% /1% /1% + $ ? I 7 30 7) +# ? L $ 7 7"7 /$ 7 5L-% % $ ? L 7 7 * 7 5L5L"7 07 #/$ 5L
77 % + ,- + & " - ;=90 J1 ?CCBK & 1
! 4 5 9
*
*
!
Æ ; N ? &
1 HC N ! ' N N N # ' N W N N & & ; ? &
"
A3
Æ
?
9
4
)
&
*
N
3
@
@
3
@
2 A
N 2
$ @ 2A %
7C3H8
3
; N ; N @
; N 23A 3 N @C: 5 7 8 7 8 *
N
$ %
3
?
:
?
3
:
:
:
?@
*
7C3A8
N R 7 ! 8 7 J7 7 R 88 K N @ 7 = C2288
)
J1 ?CCBK ;=90
(
?C:BK
&
J<
< 7
;=90
:
O
H N :
E
H
) ! ? W 7-
H
!
) L
8
W H W 7 H
:
W N
8
" "
A:
,
'
' '
N
JN
N
N
#
,
!
'
7 8
@
@
@
7 8
@
@
@
7 8
!
!
$ %
7C3A8 ("+",
' J
!
' J
N
N
4 7 8 N @
@3@A @3@A
@ A?B: ?:
@
@
@
2
@
@
@
@
@ :HH3
@
$ %
)M A +,5I
$ @:HH3 % @:HH3
@ H@H? @ H@H?
!
W N @
! $ . / W N . ! / N H % @
?
@
@
@
?
@
@
!"
@
W N H W :
N N N
'' N .
@
L
$ ! $ % .. ! //% # !!" #
N '
W 'H 'H '' :
$ /%
AB
"
W :
N
R .. R R
$ // %
R R $ .. / /% 7 N R = C228 R $ .. // %
N
N
4
:
W 0
* 7C3H8
' J
@ @H@H? @H@H? HA @ @ 3
N
N
@
@
?
@
@
@ H@H?
@
@ H@H?
@ @
*
$ %
$ %
@
!
,
H
!
E W :
N
N
'' :
.
? @
@
@
@
.. R W N . : .
R
$ /% : $ // // %
" " &
AH
; N @C:8
Æ Æ 7
" C3
@ !
*
! ?2 !
3:B !
* C:
4
4
2
2
W
:
0
−2
−4
* C3 *
D
0
−2
0
10
20
30
:'
40
50
−4
60
0
&' :" * C3O
20
W
W W
N N N N N
50
60
N
40
) ) 7(198
30
:'
&%' # " (# "
/!
10
J7 W 8 K
J7 W 8 R 7 W 8 R 7 W 8 K J7 7 R 88 K R J7 7 R 88 K J77 88 K R J77 88 K ? J7 8 K ? J7 8 R 7 8 7 8K ? J3 R 3 72A8K N @
) * C: @ ! * ! W * CB
:
:
"
AA
4 3
W
2 1 0
−1 −2 −3 −4
* C:O
0
9
10
20
30
:'
40
50
60
!
" 7
7C3H88
&
% < 4= ( 1%
(F $" + 5 1 5
" F
& 3?G3B
?C:B D , E ;#
! 7 !
= 4 & 9
5L D; ?CHH 1 <
* ( < =
& 1
* 5" ?CCB
# 6 7 6/7 4
"
@
@2
&
2
6
AC
3
2
1
0
W
-1
W
-2
W
-3 2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
* CBO /!
# 697
5 =(*
N @3
4O
# 6 7
N 2
N 3
N @
E ) 6
= 7C:8
N 2
.
N 7 R 8
P
P7 8P
N R
7 8P N 7 R 8 N
P7 8P * N 7C:8 N 2
"
C@
# 6 7 67
&
=(*6
J K N A
?
# 6/7
? ?
3
N @ ?
N @ ?
N ? @ ?
* =(*
N @ ?
N @ ?
N @ ? @ ? @ ? @ ( ? =(* J K N 7? 87? 87? (8 (
# 6 7 6/7
* =(*
6
J K N 7? 8
@
#( 67
? N ? @ ?
"
:
=(*
J K N J72 R 2 R 28K 2 P2 P 2P
* =(*
#$ 6 7
=
N @ ?
N
N @ ?
H N :
N
?
@
@
?
?
@
?
?
?
N @ ?
N @ ?
N @ ?
$ %
H
6 @ N @ N 7'6 8 ? N @ !
!
'6 8 7768R '776886 N 7686 R ' 77686 ## 6 7 = = = 72 8 & N ? = 2 N 2 4O 1 1 C3
4O 9 7
C?
K J K 7 8 $ %
#2 6 7 6/7
?
Z N
:
N J
Z # 6 E Z 6 =(* # 6/7 / = C?@ ,7 8 4 &
) 6
# 67
& 2
?
N
"
?
?
@
?
@
?
3
$ %
:
; ; ;
Æ
# 6 7 6/7
:N
8 N ? * : D ; *
7
Æ
& 6
4O "
# 6 7
= 7CB8
N
7 8 R R 8
# 67
* = C? 7
# 6 7
& 7
R 8 N 7 8
6
#( 6 7 6/7
#
6
?
?
!
? @
@
?
?
?
?
@
?
"
C
#$ 67
"
7
8
@ 1
Æ
;
?
4O 5
## 67
&
:
! !
N N
R
:
J:K N
#2 6 7 67
&
3
: = C?C
*
2
H N J! ! K
# 6 7
N
N
?
?
H N J! ! K
7: J:K87: J:K8
N
4O /
# 6 7 & H N : : H ? JHK N J:K & JK 7& ' 8
JHKK N
J
K J J:KK
J
! N N & N ? & ! 7& ' 8
# 6 7
&
J57:8 K N J57:8K
C2
57:8 : % % N 7& , 8
%K&
J
N
K JK&
J
* , + JK JK - JK&
N
N
.
# 67
K JK JK&
J
57:8
= 7CC8 7C2@8
N
!
N
N
$ % $ %
N $ % ! N $ %
N
# 67
. ("+",
# 6 7 697 J
N
B
B
B
B
)M A +,5I
*
K
N
?@
B
B
@
# 6
:N
"
C3
#( 6 7 = , N , " E " N , " 3 N R R R N #$ 6 7
=
5 76 6 6 8 N 5 76 85 768 5 76 8
"
## 67
*
6
9 C:
N 23 # 6
#2 67
*
?
:
= CC !
K
N J
N :@
N
E
= CC6 "
*
C2
# 6 7
= 7C3:8
7
& ' 8
5 7
8 N J K JK J K & ' 8 7C3:8
7
/ ' '
# 67
"
:
K
N J
,7?8
1
. ("+", !
"
:
N ?@
! D
! = ("+", $ % $ % E 6
4O . ("+",
5I
!5I
= ! J7 R 88 K N @ 7C3A8
# 6/7 7
# 6 7
&
!
C:
!
:
* C3 *
!
? ,
,
?
!
:
N
,
J
' N ' J = , )
J '
J
# 6 7 67 . = C23 , N J K # N : N ,
# 6 7 67
N
3
?
?
3
0 2@ !
?
:
!
= C2: = C2: *
=(* & # J K N
NN ?? D
,
,
!
,
D
!
CB
"
#
9 &! & 5 :GC
&
=(*
7
8
(
* ?? ?
Æ
Æ
"
@ * B@ *
J@ B@K
=(*
-
$ L %
? B@
@
=(*
, #
J@ :K J:: B@K
J@ :K
B@K
J::
"
Æ ?Æ
Æ ? Æ ?
@ B
N J@: ?:8
J
N ?K N
JK
7 = ?@8 5 ?@G?3 5 :GC 1
L
CH
#
CA
) ! &
!
J5 < @@3K & ) " E
&
5 ? #
4
9 !
1 ?@2 * ?@? 7=E*8
78
" =E* 7?@38
=E*
! = ?@? ?@ 1 ?@3 1 =E* 1 ?@: 7?@B8 7?@:8 0 7?@H8 + 7?@A8 5 7?@C8 0 7?@?@8 / 7?@?38 1 0 =E* ) 7?@?8 9 7?@?28
75E*8 7?@?B8 5E* =E* 1 ?@: 1 ?@B
&
5E* [7 8 7?@?H8
@
N
7?@28
" ?@, "
@
5E*
7?@:8 5E*
=E* 7?@2@8 & 7?@228 =E*
(
! 1 ?@A =E*
E
* =E* 7?@2B8
!
!
#
CC
?@C? 9 1 ?@C 9 =E* 5E*
7?@2A8 7?@2C8 * 1 ?@?@
9 (< "!! % ) "
7 8
1
&
* ?@?
"
7 8
@
?
N J@ ?K
* ?@?O (
7
8
7 8
7 8 N 5 J@ ?K
# !
-
1 2B
1
) )
J K N
? 7?@?8
J K @
1 2B
Æ
7 " 2
8 ,
)
6 *
N @ N ?
#
#
2@@
*
=(*
-
#
L =(*
5 7?@?8 =(*
JK N ? N &S & N ? S N ? S N ? * ?@ 0.12
0.1
0.1
JK
J K
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0
0
0.38 0.52
0
1
&' 4 7 < 4 7 * ?@O
0
0.38 0.52
1
&%' 4 37 < 4 778
"
=(*
J K ? J K N
7?@8
N @2A N @: J@2A @:K N N @
* * ?@
@?3 7?@?8 )
N @
J@2A
N @?: 5 @ 5 S N ? J K N ? S
@ :K N 2
) S 7?@8
* ?@
#
78 N ? @ ? ! J K N 7 8S
2@?
7?@28
@ 7?@28 78 78
* S
J K N
78
7?@38
7?@?8 D
78 ? @ ? 7?@28 N S J S R SK N
N
N
$ $
78
7 8S
78S
7
8
7 8S
7 8 N J S S R SK J S R SK S 4 7 8
7=E*8 &
7?@38 9) =E*
78
* ?@2 =E*
&
"
=(* 4 =E* =(*
,
) 2(2 . =E*
78 N
?
?
@
@
=E* 9)
%+ *! -
7@ ?8
#
2@
1.2
1
1
78
78
1.2
0.8
0.8
"
0.6
0.6 0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
0
0.38 0.52
0
1
0.38 0.52
1
&%' %% "
&' %% " ("# "
* ?@2O 9
7@ ?8 +",
-
!
N @H:
4
N
N N
N @ N @H:
78 ?
N @H:
7@ @ H:K
7@ ?8
@H: 4
N @H:
$ ! 5
7?@38
J K
("
6
#
2@2
D
=E*
* ?@3
78 N 7? 8 2
78
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.1
0.9
1
* ?@3O D =E*
7?@38
J@ @?K
N
J@C ?K
N
D
J@ @?K @C ? J@C ?K 1
@?
7?
7?
8 N 7 8 N @?C
8 N 7 8 N @@?
78 N ? 78 @
=E* #
& =E* " * ?@:
& ;
? ? D
7
P8 & ? 7
% N ? N ? ' N % N < ?
$% 8
4
&
S
S
S
#
2@3
?
S
?
* ?@:O ; =E*
N S
* ?@:
S
N ?
S N %S<
<
N S
S
<
7
8
!
<
S
N
?
S
R R S N ? S
S
S N S<S N S @ N ? @ N N
4 S
7J K8 N
?
N
+78
+78 N
=E*
7J K86 1 = ?@2
&
5
9 (0 =E* 7?@38 1 23 1
J K N
78
# =E*
" 2 .
2@:
%+ ! 3 *
78 @
= O & 78 @ J S R SK
J S R SK N " ?
" 2( .
$ $
J K @
%+ 3
78 N ?
= O
? N
78 @
J K N J K N
78
4 =E* "
) 2( . ) 5
2 @
%+
78 N 2@ 728 @@
*&
7?@:8
* ?@B D
N @
4 =E* 7
* ?@2 =E*
8 "
2 ?
&
7@8 N 2 ?
& =(* =E*
=E*
78
2 @
78 @
N N
"
2 728 728 N?
=E* *
J ?@@K
#
2@B
1.2
2N?
1
78
0.8
0.6
2 N @:
0.4
0.2
0 −2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
5
* ?@BO 9 =E*
?@@
J ?@@K
?@@
N N N
2 728 728 7?@@28
@2BH 2 N @@? N @C@3 2 N @@@?
!! " 0
1 2B
!
=E* &
&
! =E* ! 4
J N K N @
78
7 8 & =E*
J N @K N @ 7@8 N @
=E*
78 N 2@ 728 @@
#
7@8
2@H
@ & L
N @ 4
78 N
78 N
78
J K N J K N J K N J K & =E* L ) 4 7 8
1 ?@A
9# & (0 =E* J; < ! , ?CC3K #
=E*
#! $% # =E* * ?@2 (
78 N
@
* ?@H
7?@B8
&
8 & N @ N ? 7@ ?8 ("+",
7
#! &
2
9 ?@
7 8
#
2@A
0.5
0.5
78
0.6
78
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
&' 4 4 )
2
3
4
5
6
7
&%' 4 4 =
* ?@HO 9 . =E*
#!
"
$ % 1 ?2 &
78 N
7 B8 7?@H8 A A A @ B & ) ?
?
&
= ?@C 1 =E*
B A 8 * B A
7 ?@A ?@C
& !
B =E*
* ?@A ?@A &
$ % * ?@A ?@A & 5 ??
A
B
=E* * ?@C ?@C
& * ?@C ?@C & 5 ??
A =E*
=E* 0 <* 0
=E* $ % " =E* B N @ A N ? 7B A 8 ("+", !
5
0 ) 7 = ??3668
?
77?8 8
#
2@C
0.5
5 4
0.4
78
3
0.3 0.2
2 1 0
−1 −2
0.1
−3 −4
0 −5
0
−5
5
0
5
&' 4 7 4
10
15
20
"
25
30
25
30
&%' 4 7 4
0.5
5 4
0.4
78
3
0.3 0.2
2 1 0
−1 −2
0.1
−3 −4
0 −5
0
2
5
−5
0
' 4 3 4
10
15
20
"
&' 4 3 4
* ?@AO 9 0 =E*
5
L
" ("+",
B
0 =E* 7 1 B8 #
5 ?: =E* ) =E*
#! =E* + * & 0
#
2?@
0.5
5 4
0.4
78
3
0.3 0.2
2 1 0
−1 −2
0.1
−3 −4
0 −5
0
−5
5
0
5
10
15
20
"
&' 4 7 4
25
30
25
30
&%' 4 7 4
0.5
5 4
0.4
78
3
0.3 0.2
2 1 0
−1 −2
0.1
−3 −4
0 −5
0
−5
5
0
5
10
' 4 7 4 3
20
&' 4 7 4 3
* ?@CO 9 0 =E*
)
& =E*
78 N
15
"
?
A
A
L
A
7?@A8
A @ " A =E* 5 ?? & N @
1 =E*
A
* ?@?@ D
0 =E*
* ?@?@ * ?@C $% =E* $% =E*
+
=E* =E*
#
2??
1
5 4
0.8
78
3
0.6 0.4
2 1 0
−1 −2
0.2
−3 −4
0 −5
0
5
−5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
20
25
30
"
&' 4
&%' 4
1
5 4
0.8
78
3
0.6 0.4
2 1 0
−1 −2
0.2
−3 −4
0 −5
0
5
−5
0
5
10
15
"
' 4 +
&' 4 +
* ?@?@O 9 + =E*
L
A
J/ 1 ?CHAK
#!! ' ( 5 =E* *
&
78 N 7? R? 8
* ?@??
7?@C8
N @
5
=E* & =E*
7@
?8 7 5 ?8
#
2?
0.5
78
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 −5
0
5
* ?@??O 5 =E*
#!
"
0 =E* =E* &
78 N
&
, 728 @ @
%, @
2 @ 3 @ \7)8
)
\7 8 N
7?@?@8
( 7 8
7?@??8
3
5 \7 8 7?@?@8 ! =E* 1 =E*
" 2$ .
\7
3 28
\7
* ?@?
1 0
) R ?8 N )\7)8
= O 1 = ?@?B
" 2# . = O * \7
\7
8 N 7 ?8P
= ?@2
8
N N N
) N ?
?8\7 ?8 7 ?87 8\7 28 7 ) N 7 ?87 8 ? N 7 ?8P 7
8
#
2?2
1.5
3N?
1
78
78
1.5
3N
0.5
0 −2
−1
0
1
2
2N3
1
2N?
0.5
3
4
0 −2
5
−1
&' 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
&%' 4 3
* ?@?O 9 0 =E*
" 22 .
\7? 8 N
= O
\7? 8 N
7 8
N @ 7 8 8 D N 0 N 00 ? ( 70800 \7?8 N 0 70 80 N
7D
N
N
7
!"
!
0 80 6
7
#
0 N @8
3 2 1 O 9 3 N ?
=E*
* 7?@?@8
0 =E*
78 N
&
% 7 @
28 @ @
#
2?3
, \7?8 N @P N ?
= ?@2
=E*
3 N 2 N ?
5) =E*
* 7?@?@8
78 N
&
@
7?@?8
*&
&
8 @ @
7 %
=E*
=E*
C 9 3 N
?8 7 5 ?8
7@
* 7?@?@8
78 N
&
% @
728 @ @
8 N 7 ?8P = ?@3 & 78 N @ ! 728 @@ 7?@?28 =E* =E* 2 7 = ?@?H8 \7
#!)
*+(
/ =E* , + /
78 N &
* ?@?2
&
-
-
@
@ @
7?@?38
/ =E*
&
=E* )
)
7@
?8 7 5
?8 * =E* =E* 0 ! !
?8
7@
" ! =E* 1 ?@C
#
2?:
1
78
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
0
1
2
3
4
* ?@?2O / =E*
5
A N ?
9* "!! (! 0! 75E*8 &
78 N J K
7?@?:8
=E*
78 N
7 8
7?@?B8
* 3 * 3 %+ & 7?@?B8
#
T
T
1 5E*
# $% . 7?@B8
@ 78 N ?
#
2?B
@ 78 N 7 8 ?
"
* ?@?3
N ? N
1.2
78
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 −2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
* ?@?3O 5E* 7? 8
#
&
. 7?@:8
78 N @ 2 72 8 @@ ,
2 72 8 N 72 8 N ? 728 @ ? 728 @ * ?@?: 2 N ? 78 N
"
@
D 5E* =E*
/ 5E*
*&
#
2?H
1.2
78
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 −2
0
2
4
6
* ?@?:O 5E*
# " 5 =E* 7&
0 =E*
2 N ?
B N @ A N ?
B N @ ' A N ? 5E*
?@8 7?@H8
78 N
?
?
=
* ?@?B 5E*
1.2
78
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 −4
−2
0
2
4
* ?@?BO 5E* 0
[7 8
[7 8 N
?
?
#
2?A
4 [7 8 =E* * ?@?H &
@78
& $I%
* ?@?H ,
0.4
0.4
78
0.5
78
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0 −4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
0 −4
4
−3
&' 4 >&'
N N
[7?8
?
−1
0
1
2
3
4
&%' 4 &'
* ?@?HO E [7 8
@78
−2
?
@78
* ?@?A
7?@?H8
7?@?A8
1 I 7
= ?@:8
@78 @78 @7@8 @78
N
?
7?@?C8
N
@
7?@@8
N N
? ?
7?@?8
@78
7?@8
" I
N
$ % ("+", " ?@, "
) 2( .
!! " "
#
2?C
1
1
10−1
0.8
−2
@78
10
@78
0.6
−3
10
−4
10
0.4
−5
10 0.2
−6
10 0 −5
−7
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
10
5
&' " / # #
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
@78
N J R ?8
7@
7& ("+",
N
N N N
@K
8
N
4
−3
! =1<
−4
&%' # / # # ? - /( &'
* ?@?AO
& 1 B
−5
J R @K ? J R @K ? J K ? @78 7 8 @78 7 7?@88
* ?:
("+",
N
" ?@,
7 = ?@B8 & 7 8 @ @ N @
& @78 & ("+",
N?
" ?@,
@ J"
!
5
#
2@
1 ?CB:K
@78
7?@28
"
* ?@?C &
?
2
?
1 -1
"
@78
10
-2
10
10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
* ?@?CO " I
7B A 8 B J K N @ A
7?@38
7 = ?@38 * 0
" * ?@?C @728
N 2 @@@? 1 =E* N 2 N 2 @@@ J2 2K @CCA 4 CCAM
=E* J2 2K
@ @@?
#
2
* ?@A 4 7? "
86 &
! * ?@A 6
5E*
* O 5E* @
N ? N 7
8 4
J K N J K N 78 78
7?@:8
#
2?
7 = ?@2:8 & * ?@@ . 5E*
78 N
*&
7 8
N
78
_
J K
=
* ?@@O & 5E*
& L 5E* 1
) 2( . 1
!! " *
78 N ? 728 @ J K
N N N
%+
@ @
78 78 7? 7288 7? 7288 728 728
2 728
1
5E* =E*
=E*
5E* *
JK N 7 8 7 8 * J S R SK 7?@:8 78 N
7 8
7 R S8 7 S8
#
$ $
2
N
N
N
$ $
7 8
7 8
7 8
$
7 8 ? 7 7 8 S @8 $ 7 8S
7 8
4
7 R S8 7 S8 S 78 S @
=E* 5E* L
78 78 N
J# ?CACK
D
728
78 N *
N @ 7
?
JK N 7 8 7 8 "
28 @ @
7
@
5E*
* ?@?:8
78 78 N
7?@B8
N
@
N
2 728
@ @
7@8
91 &
*
78 N 78 N 7 R 8 =E* ! N 7 8
&
*
# &
22
7:C866 =(*
=(*
JK N
,
78
!
N
7 8
J K
7 8 N N
JK N J 78K 7?@H8 * ? =(* J?K JK =(* ! N 7 8 N * ?@? 7?@H8
N 78 N 3
?
* ?@?O
JK J3K , =(*
!
N
J 78K N J?K J 738K N JK
=E*
7?@H8
N
=E*
7? 8 5 N O ? O 3 78 ! 7 38
N
N
("+",
N " :@M 7: ?8 & "
:@ !
!
!
* ?@ "
!
1 =E*
3 J S R SK J S R SK 4 )
N
#
23
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
!
* ?@O 5 ! " :@M !
) &
$
@
7? 8
N
$ S
4
78 N
$ $
78
78 7 8 78 7 8
7 8S N 7 8S
" =E*
!
7 8 N 7 8 ? ?'
&
N
7 8 N 7 8 ?
78 N 78 ?
3
7?@A8
# &
2:
78 N ? ?
=E*
78 N
@
3
7?@C8
7? 8 ! N 7 38 =E* ! N 7 8 7?@2@8 78 N 7 788 78
78 N 78 N 7?@C8
* 7?@2@8
7 = ?@:H8 " " ?@" D 7?@2@8 7?@H8 L
( 78
&
L * ?@ 1 7?@2@8
) 2( .
%+ 6 " Æ 7
! N R N 4 78 N R N R N 7 8 78 N =E*
N
7?@2@8
? 78 N
"
A N A @
7 8
7?@2?8
7@ ?8 !
N
N
N
N
A B A? B ? A A ?
B ? A A ? ? 7 B8 A A ?
N
A R B
#
2B
!
B A 8 !
7
*& , !
7
B A 8 ("+",
71, % 0 "
!
7 = ?@B@8
! N 7 8 7@ ?8 78 N 78 4 N O @
N 7 8 7 8 N 7 8 * 7?@2@8 7 8 78 N 7788 N @ 7788 @@
) 2( .
%+
78 N =E*
&
! 7788
@
@ @
=E* & )
) 7,8
=E* ,
) J( 1L ?CH@K
/" - ! *
!
! 3 6227
" =E*
78 ! & N 78 @ 4 =E* ! ! @ ! ! D
7 8 @
7?@2@8 =E*
#
N 78 " N N N
R
N 78 N 78
* ?@2 &
7?@2@8 =E*
# &
2H
78 N
N
N R
* ?@2O 1
7
N 78 N
8
7 8 R 7 788 78 78 N 7 788
7?@28
! N 7@ ?8 ! @ D 7 8 N
) 2( .
%+
1 78 N 7?@28 & 7 8 R 7 8 @ 78 N @ @
78
N
& N
=E*
&0
1
! 78
R
0
1
! 78
@
! 78 @
@ @
@ @
* ?@3 * ?@
7 = ?@:C8 D =E*
N @ 7@8 =E* ! C 7?@?8 N ?
? "
78 & N ? & N 78 N
78 N
7 788 78
7?@228
#
2A
0.8 0.7
78
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 −4
−3
−2
−1
* ?@3O =E*
0
1
2
3
4
! N 7@ ?8
" =E* 5E* L 7 7?@B88 #
) 2(( . %+ - 7@
?8
*
5E*
78
N N N N
!
%+
5E*
J! K J K J K 78 78
!
N
7 7?@:88
# !
L
78
N
N
N
N
N
N
2C
78 J 78 78K 78 78 7 8 7 7?@:8 8 78 ? R 78 ? & 7 8 @ 7 78 N 78 7@ ?88 @ @ & ! 78 @ @ @
96 - % ) #
7 8
!
!
&
! "
&
N @
4
N @
N @ !
?'
?' " )
* ?@: -
7@ ?8
?8
7@
N
@
#
22@
3
2
1
0
−1
−2
−3
0
10
20
30
"
40
50
* ?@:O 1)
N@
!
5E*
78
N N N
J K J K JK R J K JK & [78 R @7 8 @ [78 R ?7 8 @
078 N ? @ 078 N @ @ #
5E*
78 N ? [78 R ? 078 5E*
* ?@B
D
N
@
5E*
N @ N @ ?' &
5E*
5E*
4
& 5E* 7 8 " 1 =(* =E* 4
E 7
=E*
8
# !
22?
1
0.8
78
0.75
0.6
0.4 0.25 0.2
0 −3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
* ?@BO 5E*
7?@38 =E*
L
? ? 78 N [78 R 078
5E*
Æ
078 N @
#
-
!
)
Æ78 Æ78 N 078
E
Æ78 N @ & Æ 7 8 N @ N @
.
.
Æ7 8 N ?
* 4
Æ78
7?@238
* ?@H
. *& D
L 5E*
78 N ? ?
.
?
R
?
?'
5E* 7?@?B8
078 N
Æ7 8
#
22
0.3
78
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0 -3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
* ?@HO =E*
7 R *K * N @ 07@8 N ?
<- / - - 3 *? * =E* ) 7?@38 ! " L
J@ ?K J@ ?K
N @
J K
N
J K
N
J K
N
J K
N
7?@38
78 78 78 78
- =E* N N
# !
222
1 = ?@:?
5
J K
7?@38
! =E* 7?@238
J K
N
N
N
78
R Æ 78 ? ? ? ? R Æ78
?
?
?
?
@78 @78K R ? ? N J? @78K R N ? @78 " J K N 78 78 78 N 7?87? @788 R 7?8078 N
?
?
J
( "
) 2($ .
%+ . &"3- *!
5 /
=E* 7?@?38
- )
" L
N 78 N @ * ?@A =E* ! ! @ * @ * ?@A 78 N * * ?@A J 8 @ 7 8 N @ 78 N 7?@2@8 * @ 78 N 7 788 78 N 7 8 * ! N ! N
#
223
N 78 2
?
* ?@AO "
)
&
J! N K N * ?@A 1
!
78
7?@2:8
J 8 N N !
=E*
78 N
78 Æ7 8
N
& =E*
@ @ 0 78 @ 78 N 781 Æ7 8 N
@
& =E* *
@ / =E* A N ? 78 N
?
# !
!
=E*
7 8
22:
N
@ @ 0
@ 1 Æ7 8 N
@
@ @
@
Æ 7 8 N
N
@
* ?@C
&
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
1
2
3
78
1
78
1
0
4
0
1
2
3
4
&%' 0 4 &' ? @ " /? %
&' 0 ? # ""( ( " /%
* ?@CO =E* * ?@A
!
=E*
78 N 78 R
78
Æ7 8
7?@2B8
=E* 7
?8 78 @
=E*
)
#
22B
78 R
*
N ?
! =E*
78 N
Æ7 8
) =(*
J K N
& N ?
97 "! ! &
5E*
* :?366
7@ ?8
5E*
7 8 N 7 8
78
1
N
5E*
7@ ?8 N 7 8 ,
) 2(# .
*!
!! " 3 .
2 N ?
8 @ 78 N 7 @ @
1 =E*
5E* 7?@?B8
@ 8 @ ! N 7 8 N 7 8 7@ ?8 =E* 5 78 N ? 78 @ ! N ? 78 ) N 7? 8 @ ? ! 4
78 N 7? 8 @ ? 78 N
@ ?
@
7
# " 7?@2@8
@
78
N
N N
22H
?
7 8 J 7 7? 88K
7 788 ?
*
78 N =E*
? ?
?
?
@
@
?8
7@
!
- 2# 6 *
7@ ?8
!! " 3 7
N 7 8
*& 78 N 78 = O
< N 7 8 5E* < ) 7>8 N J< >K N J 7 8 >K N J 7> 8K 7 = ?@:A8 / * N # 7080 +
/ *
N N
?
7>8
4 5E*
78
0 <
) =E* <
N
7 8
"
) 2$2 . 3 *! + =E*
78 N
?
A
)
5E*
78 N
?
A
A
)
A
#
22A
*
@
78
N
78
N
N
N
,
)
?
A
?
?
?
?
N 78
#
)
)
A R
A
A
A )
?
A )
N
@
A
?
N
)
?
?
A
)
A
7 ?'
N
03
1
0 3
- ?
@ @ - 1
@ @ ? @ ? ? &( A 78 N (
A
&( A 708 N (
A
0
? ? ?
@
* +
78 N 788
A
78
0 ? ? 0 ?
@
7?@2H8
0 ! 7@ ?8 " A N ? * ?@2@ & *
+
?@2@ =E* 7 8
=E* 7 8
N ?@@@ =E*
# "
22C
* +,-
5 4
3 2 1 0
−1 −2 −3 −4 −5
0
10
20
30
40
"
50
&' 0 87 (#
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
&%' ( 0 " 0 %
" 777 (#
* ?@2@O 5 +
9 ? 7 * H 0 =E*8 #
1 1 ?@2
7 8 J S S R SK
J S R SK !" 0 ;) < ;)1 =E*
W7 8 N !" S0 ;) < ;)1 7?@2A8 & * ?@2@ J3: 2H:K J2H: 2:K J2H: 3:K S N @: # 738 72:8 738 =E* S 4
"
#
("+", =E*
3 !! $ ?
7:86
#
23@
$
)*+# !
,! !- ,! ! . ' . */% ( . "/% !. !. " !/$0 &D
5E* W 78 N D
7?@2C8
1
= ?@B@GB
99 % + ,- + " 3 & ) $ % 5 F.
&
5 &
+ =E* J/ 1 ?CHAK 4 !
78 N
)
?
A
" * ?@?@
A
=E*
A & L A
=E* 7
=
# # ??23668
A
23?
&
) " )
CCM "
* ?@2? "
78
* ?@2?O 5
5
)
CCM 7
8 @@? ,
N J K + =E* N @
4
N
J K N
N
?
)
)
N
)
?
A
A
A
A
)
7?@3@8
4 @@?
A
@ @?
) ) A @?@?
7?@3?8
#
23
&
A &
* ?@2
A N ?
"
+
N ? "
7?@3@8
5 4 3
2 1 0
−1 −2 −3 −4 −5
* ?@2O
0
10
20
30
40
"
- +
50
A
N ?
7 * ?@2
8 N @ 32? 1 :@
:@ @ 32?
?
*
?
(
?
?
@ @?
N 2 :
N 2: & A &
" * ?@2
L L
L P
% " D
! ( &" 1
9 + # & E =
?CB:
5( =9 <
# 1F D
@@3 ; D+ 1 < ! D ,
% 3 = ; # D
' *
?CC3
232
$ #
( 1L
9 5 & # 1 D5 ?CH@
* $ $
/ +/ /#1 9
= 4
5L D; ?CHA
# E"
! E = D
?CAC
2 6/7 !
"
6
*
Æ
L ?
Æ Æ L ?3
L ?
2 6 7 6/7
*
W
7@
Æ
B@8
&
L ?
Æ
J W N 2@ K6 # =E*
=(* 6 "
& N @ N @ N ?A N 6
2 6 7 6/7
#
=E*
0.8
0.6 0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
2
&'
&
1
0.5
0.6
1
6 4
=E*6
78
0.8
78
1
0
N N
6
1
0
* ?@:
78
2 6/7
3
4
0
0
−0.5
0
1
2
3
4
−1
0
&%' * ?@22O = =E* = ?@3
1
2
'
3
4
#
233
2 67
( =E*
78 N (7? :8 :
E
@
2 6 7 6/7
" 0 =E*
A
A
?
R
3 (
A A
A N A # 3 3
78 N 3 (
?
?
?
=E*6
2( 6/7
*
78
?@ R ?@ R
N
78
N
? @
O
?
? ? @
" 7@@@?8 #
2$ 6/7 2# 6 7
&
?
# #
N
6
0 =E* *
#N
?
?
?
?
?
8 # N ? * # N ? 7 68 22 697 & 7B A 8 J B R AK N ? 2 A N A 2 6 7 =E* N J K N ? = 7B A 8 N B D 7
2 6 7 6/7
" E5
?
? &
1 7? @?8
@CC ?@? 6
23:
2 6/7
" J2 2K
-
$ %
R2
2 & 7B ?8 B ! 6 2 67 67 * J 2K =E* 0 =E* B N @ A N ? + =E* A N ? #
6 = =E*
2 67
F 5 =E* 7?@C8
2 6 7
= \7
) R ?8 N )\7)8 7 "
, = ??H668
2( 6 7 67
=E* 9
2 N @?
#
:
6 #
: 6
2$ 67
" L
* ?@:
N @ N E 5 5E*6
2# 6 7 67 22 67
&
E 5E* 5 =E*
7@ ?8
N ? 2 "
=E* =E*
2 697
&
?8 ?@@@ J? K D
7@
4
6
7B A 8 5E* [78 2 6 7 & =E* N @ 7 8 78 N ? 78 E 0 =E* B N @6 4O 1 * ?@?B 2 6 7 = 7B A 8 J K N @ A B 2 6 7 6/7
2 6 7
&
=
@ 7?@?C8G7?@8
#
23B
2 67
=
@78
2( 67
&
7@
@
:
* ?:66
?8 J 3K
4
J HK 6 71 1 ???@66 8
2$ 6 7 6/7
"
&
7:@@@@ ?@ 8 # YH@@@@6
2# 6/7
& 5 ?
Æ
?@
?8
7H
* ?:66 E
A
J AK
22 6 7 6/7
" . 1
1"
. 1
7:@@ 3C@@8 " 7:: 2B@@8 #
H@@6
2 67
F 7?2866
2 67
& 9
J K
@@A F
2 6 7 6/7
&
5E*6
? 78 N ? R 7 8
78 N 78 78 @ J@ ?K
2 67
&
2 6 7
= 7?@:8
2 6 7 6/7
= 1L
4
( :@M 5 " 5 H@ A@ & 7B: 2A8 ( 6 4O
2( 6/7
" / &
C:M 4
&
?@8
7:@
Æ * Æ *
6
=E*
2$ 67
23H
* 5E* * ?@?3 =E* L #
N ? N 6 2# 697 & ! N 7 8 7@ ?8 =E* ! D !
7 8 ! ! =
* ?@
! N R ? 728 2 6/7 * ! N R 7@ ?8 ! 7 B8 2 67 & ! N =E* ! =E* 78 D 7?8 =E* ! ? @ ? = 22 6 7 67
* =E*
=E*
! N D & 7@ ?8
! N 7 8 7 8
2 6 7 67
* =E*
2 67
5E* 5 9 ?@B 4O
2 6/7
+!
78 N 7788 78
"
&
?8 =E* ! D ! 7 N + ! 8 =E* 7 8 E
2 6 7 697
&
!
N
6
7@
!
6
,7 8 #& *& D 5E* =E*
2( 6/7 2$ 6 7
&
&
E
/N
*
#
23A
/N
- 78
78 N F
78
Æ7 &8
2# 67
9
?
Æ7 8 R A Æ7 38 R A Æ7 28 2
?
5 =E*6 &
6
22 6/7
= =E* 5E*
78 N ? 78078 R ?3 Æ7 R ?8 R ?3 Æ7 ?8
* =E* = ?@:@ O J K J? ?K J? ?K J? ?K J? ?K
2 6 7 6/7 2 67
* =E*
!
2 67
N
? ? @
7?8
* =E* =(* 72 ? 8
= =(* =E*
2 6 7 67
E
/ =E*
2 67
2 67
A
N ?
N 7 8
*
N 7 8
7@ ?8
7@ ?8 =E*
* ?@23 F = ?@:: !
=E*
=E* =E*
* ?@23
D
23C
2
78
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
* ?@23O =E* = ?@::
2( 6 7
"
78
7 8 7 8 "
7 8 7 8 & 78
L 7 8
78 @ 778 @8
#
6 2$ 6 7 9 ) 78 7 8 O 7 8 7 8 ?
# )
2# 6/7
)
78 N ? 6 4O 1 = ?@:H
5 =E* * ?@3 * ?@ "
=E* 6
0 ! 38 9 =E* 2 67 E =E* ! N 7@ ?8 D ! ! ! ! =E* ! !
22 67
7?
E
2 67
=E*6
*
!
= ?@B?
5E* !
! 5E*
2:@
#
#
! N 78 78 N J7 8 K 78K N J 78K N 7 , 7 8 N 7 8 78 N 7 788 78 7 8 78 N 788 78 N 7 & 78 78 N J7 8 K 78K N J 78K 7 J N 78K N @8 N ? J 788 N ? 7 5E* 1 ?@H & &
!
N
7 8
2:?
#
2:
78
N
N
D 4
78 N 7 788 78 7 7 88
78
7 8
78 N 7 788
#
( ) ) !
N =! , ! ,!* 7 7 ? < ? > 4 * K ? ? J 4 7 * K ? ,!* M = 5 =! ) %+# ! 7) D %%D+# 7N
70/1%
7
N? 2:2
#
2:3
=! , ! ? N ! ? !! 7 < ? ! 7 > 4 * K ? ,!* ? ) +
J 4 7 * K ? ? ? M = 5 =! ) D %%D+# ! 7) GGGD GGG+# 7N?
71% 0?*%0 ?
&! #
&
5 B , 7=E*8 L
4
)
!
J
K
1 ??2 & 7??28 " *
J K
1 ??3 ???
7???@8 =E*
9
?? * 7????8 7???8
1 ??B
&
7???28
J K 2::
2:B
9 ??B 7???A8 * =E* 7???H8 5
7???:8
" 5 ) 7???8 7??8 7??28 *
1 ???@ &
( 5
( ,- ) !
J K N
5 B
JK
7???8
JK 7=(*8 & =(* J K ! &
7???8 *
7@ ?8 7@ ?8
#
J K N ?
7@ ?8
=E*
#&
7@ ?8 +
& N ?
JK N ? N ?
S
J K
N
N
,
7???8
JK N
&
N &S
N
?
&
7 S 8
?
&
& N 7 87 R ?8 J K N
7
R ?8 N ? R ?
7??8
2:H
7@ ?8
=E*
J K ?
7??8
J K
N
N
J S R SK
J S R SK S
S
J S R SK N ? S S
,
N ?
@ *& N & 7 8 =E* 78 N ?
@ ? S @
S
J K
J K N
78S
78
78 N ? @ ? !
J K
N
N
78 ? N
J K N ?
N ? ?
&
J K N
78
78 =E* "
7??28
) $ . ) * *! / - %+ 5 =E* * =E*
* ???
* ???
2:A
78 N
1.2
2
1
78
1.5 1.33
0.8 0.6
1
0.4 0.5
0.2 0
0
J K N ?22
0.5
1
1.5
0
2
&' 0
0
5
10
15
20
"
25
30
&%' -# (# " @- # /( ))
* ???O 9 =E*
? . 7??28
J K
N
N
?
N 32 B ?
" 1 ?@2
;
5( N
* ??
+78
7??38
+78
+78
4
/
+78 N
5(
5( N 3 2 9 ???
+78 N ?
2:C
?
? ?
N=9
* ??O 5 75(8
7??38
+78 5(
+78 5(
+78
7 5(8 +78 !" # !" # !"#
N
@
N
@
N
@
1 $% !
N
5( N 3 2 ,
J K8 78 N @
7
7??:8
J K & =E* N 7 R 08 N 7 08 0 7 = ??8
7
8 78 N @
7??B8
J K N 1 7@ ?8 =E*
N ? " 0 =E* N B * ?@A ?@A 4 J K N B 0
7 8 & =E*
J K
9 ???
8
%+ -* *
4
=E*
2B@
, 7??28
78 78 N
7 1 B3 8 D
? 78 N ? @ ? ? ? N N ? ? N
? *
"
5 =E* /
78 N 7? R? 8 1 =E* N @
J K N @ 4
J K N , 5 =E*
J K
N
N
N N
78 R #
#
7? R 8 R #
?
78
#
7? R? 8
# ? ? 7? R 8 7? R 8 R #
7? R
7? R 8 R #
?
?
8
R N6
4 7
N 8
$ %
4
)
8
7
J K J K
%
$
* ??2 &
40
10
20
5
Z
0
0
−5
−20
−40
2B?
0
10
20
30
"
40
50
−10
0
2000
&' 0 87 (#
4000
6000
8000
"
10000
&%' - "
* ??2O & 5 =E*
* ??2 :@ ?@@@@
,
$% =E* =E* ?
! ) 1 = ??2 = ??3 ??C
=E*
* , ! )
N J K J7 8 K
N
7 = ??:8
,- ) ! & (0 #
=E* 5
?@ - 5 =E*
$% &
7 8 J K N 7 R 8
7 = ??A8
2B
&
&
728
J K
N
N
2 728
728 2? 728
N
/ =E*
2 ?
7??H8
2 7 * ?@B8
"
7B A 8 =E* N B J K N B "
&
J K
J K N
0
?
A !"
A 0 0# RB ?
?
0 N B
7 B8 A A ? ? 7 B8 7 B8 A A ? ? R B 7 B8 A A
N
N
+
?
?
A
7 B8 N B A !" #
?
0
! 7 7 8 N
708
= ??B8 0 =E*
+ =E*
78 N
?
A
)
5 =E*8
A
7??A8
N @ 7 G J K N @
2B2 ! " &
\73 28 7?@?@668
2, J K N \738 , 728
=E* \73 2 8
)
.
J K
2, 2, , 728 \73 R ?8 \738 \73 R ?8 2, \73 R ?8 7 \73 R ? 28 =E*8 2\738 3\738 7 = ?@28 2\738 3 2
N
N
N N
*+( &
J K N
(
7
A 8 7 = ???B8
* ?@BG?@?@ ?@? ?@?2
# ,- ) ! 0! % ) + ! !
&
N
7
8
=E*
7 8
78
7??C8
J! K N 9
!
7??C8
78 1 8 7 1 ?@A8
!
N 7@
" 7??C8 )
! N 7 8
J7 8K N
78 78
78 78
&
7???@8
2B3
" " ??" 1
) $ . ) 6Æ 7 &
! N R 78 N R
J7 8K
N
R 8 78
7
78 R J K R
N N )
7???@8
78
J R K N J K R
&
*
R (
J 7 8 R 7 8K N J 7 8K R J 7 8K
/ 7@ ?8 *!
) $ .
J! K N J K ) J K ) & ? J K &
7@ ?8 !
D
J
K
N
N
N
7???@8
?
?
?
?
7
< N < < = ??H8 N N < N 7? 8 J7?8 K < N 7? 8 J7?8 K
J
K
N N
7
?
@ R ? N ?
!
N @8
?
? ?
N
?
N
?
N@
2B: +4
?
? N
?
7#68
) $ . ) * *! "
*
N J2 3K
3 #78 N ?@ 2 * ??3 #
2
#78
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
* ??3O 9
N J2 3K
!
078 N ? @ ! # 78 N 078 #7 8
&
? @
-
7& , 8
J# 78K
N
N
N N
@ ?
7???@8
#78 78
JK
?
8
7
78
7 8
2BB
" J2 3K ,
J# 7 8K
#78 * ??3
& N ?
3 #7 8 N @? 2
#
J
JK N J# 7 8K
1
7
8K N
?
#78
JK N ?
#78
# 7 8 2 3
,
+
78 N 78 R
N
N
N
N
Æ7 8
78 =E* J K
=E*
78Æ7 8
N
78 R 78 R 78 R 78 R
Æ7 8
Æ7 8
Æ7 8 7????8
7 8 78 N
E 7 " E8 "
2BH
F
=E*
.
11
9
@
2 728
- 2 !-
11
0
J K
(
11 - 7 A 8 , 728 @
+ 0
%,
A
@
/
7 8K - J
8
5 768
B @
3
7
, !-
A A
2-
,
!-
- -
> . (1
J
???O =
=E* ??? + 5E*
= ??A
* ) "!! % ) ) & 7
J7 J K8 K 7 8
7???@8
8 N
7
J K8 78
7
7
0 =E*
7
7???8
B A 8 & * ?@C =E* A A
"
8 N
8
N
N
7
J K8
?
B8 ? A 7
. 7???8
A 7 B8 ? 7 B8 7 J K N B8 A
A
?
2BA
+
0 N 7 B8A 7 A N A @8 8
7
A0 ? A? 0 A0 ?A ? A 0 0 0
N
A
!"
7
7 9 ??28
#
A
N 4
N
B A 8 B
& ) *
7
B A 8 A
71 = ??C
8 "
(
* ??: - =E*
J K
7
B A 8 BAM
7
B A B R AK C::M JB 2A B R 2A K
J
B A B R AK CCAM
J
L
8 "
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
78
78
78
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0 −5
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
0 −5
5
&' =A3B " /? "
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
0 −5
5
&%' 88B 3 " ? / "
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
= 7? ?8
N ? 2 1 B A B R A
) $ . ' *!
7 8
7
8
N
N
J K8 78
7
7 R 8 ? ?
4
' AB ) " /? "
* ??:O
&
3
5
0 N 7 R 8 7
2BC
8
?
N
0 0
?
2 0 7 8 ?
N
N
?
" =E* ???
/ 7
8 N J K J K
( ( 7 R (8 7( 8 7 8
N
@
N
7
N
8 ( 7 8
7???28
"
8 R 7 88 N 7 7 88 R 7 7 88
7 7
7 = ??28 /
J K J K - & J K J K & J K J K 7 = B2668 J K + J K
" 5 =E* J K & 5 =E* # =E*
) $ . *! . 7???@8
728
J K N 7
?8
1
2 728
J K N ?2
2H@
#
N
<
N
+
2 728
J
K
N
N
N N
4
@R
728
<
N
N
1
28
28
7
2 728 2 J K 2
J K J K
? J K N N 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 J K N 2 2 N 2
N N
J K N 2P
7
7
7 ?8 J K N ?2
&
28
7
7???38
8 N ?2
) +
J K & J K J7 J K8 K
*
*
N J7 J K8 K N J K J K (
J7 J K8
K
N
N
J K8
7
J K7 J K8
7 8
&
2H?
J7 J K8 K N
7?8
7 J K8 J K
7???:8
1 " 0! " &
5 768 N J7'6 8K
7???B8
7 =E* 8 *
7???@8
J7'6 8K
J 76 8K J76 8K 5 768 N
5 768 N
7
'68 78
78 7'68
7???H8
* =E*
' '
R
-
J "
5 768 ' 6
K N ?
7???A8
) $( . -
%+
. =E* 7 7?@:6688
5 768
N
N
N
N
2 728 7'68
2 J72 '68K 2 J7272'6'68 8K 2 2 '6 7J72 '68K ?8
2H
2 '68K @ 2 @ 5 768 N 2 2'6
, J7
7???A8
7???C8
L
= 5 768 N 272 '68 6 6 7 ' 8 N 27?872 '6 8 5 768 N 27?87872 '68 7' 8 6 5 768 6
N N
27?878 7872 '687' 8 2' P72 '68
J
K
N N N
5 768 ' 6 2P 72 '68 P 2 ?
7 7???388
" *
; =E* 7???A8 * 5 =E* 7 = ??3@8
5 768 N 768 7 6 N @8
4
5 =E*
! ( (
2H2
=E* *
78 N
5 768 7'68 6
5 )
7??@8
5 768 N ?
5768 ) =E* 78 N ? 78 7??@8 78 N 5768 7'68 6
71 = ??3 8 5 ?: " L
5 768 6
&
* J; ?CC?K
"
=E* ???
6 > > " 8! " ! =E* 4 Æ * =E*
78
N
78
N
?
?
?
708
7+ 8
J K N @ 7 N @8 7 8 N ?
L
"
&
"
J J K D K "
2H3
* @
D 7 1 ?@?@8 D J J K D K @@? J K D
? ?M
#
5 )
*& +
9
=E* 7 1 ??C8 )
8
7
N
N
N N
7
.
J K8 78
34 34 34
J K8 78 R
7
J K8 78
4
J K8 78
7
7
7 8
D 78
7
J K D 8
D 78 34 D J J K D K
5 )
J J K D K 7D 8
7???8
4
D 7 8 ) 7 8D
=E* )
"
) $$ . C
"
&
D
J K N @ 7 8 N ?
%+
7???8
J D K D?
N 2
J 2K ?C @??
$ %
7@ ?8 J @728 N @@@H 4 )
2K N
! ( (
2H:
@?? ) & + @ ?
J 2K
N
N N N
?
?
R
2
?
7=E*
N @8
N @ @?33
- " 5
J D K D
* ??B
1 0.9
=
0.8
0 +
0.7 0.6 0.5 5 )
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
* ??BO =
1
1.5
2
2.5
D
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
J D K 0 +
! 5 )
7@ ?8
5 )
J @:K
2HB
7 , )
7 1 BA8 "
J K N ?
8
7
N
?
N
" 7??8 1
K
J
J
7??8
K
?
7??28
9 B
?8
7@
= ??3B
9 % + ,- . " / ! & 5
)
)
7 ?3@@ 8 &
?@
" )
$% )
?@
"
"
J4 4 @@@K 5
=E* J D K
#
2HH
J/ ?CA?K
" !
J D K " D
! ,
?@
6
?@ ! "
?8
7@
J :K ! @7:8 N AB ?@
=E*
!
N
!
N
)
?
78
?
78
78 =E* , $ % : !
- 7?8 78 N 78 J :K N 7:8 N @@@BH . =E*
N
!
N
7 8
# 78 ?
!"
7 8
?
R
78 #
D
J7 8K
7?8 !
( 5
7?8
W
N
N
?
?
7 8 #7 8 ?
!"
?
:
R
#
?
7??38
2HA
! :
&
!
7?@ 87 AB
J :K N @@@BH
N ?@ @@@
BH ! 5
7@
?@ 8
?8
@ ! :
=E*
@7:8
N
! =E* *& " 7??38
)
&
L =E*
&
=E*
7??38
L -
Æ
"
7?8
!
7 1 ?@C8
N 7? 8
7@ ?8 " ("+",
## , ? $, !, $ $ , $ E - *,* , $ - . $ 4)I', + ', .." 7. /1%0
0*0 2%"
,! N 7 /$ 4)I', + ! ?? L
@7:8
"
D
@7:8 @
#
2HC
9
J :K
?@ CB ?@ :? ?@ AH ?@
?@
? ??
?@
?@
?@
J :K
?@ AB ?@ AB ?@ AB ?@
9
AB
3 BB B2@ BH:?
??O &
% 4 ( 4 4 $. & 1 / ) ( F 4 / 1 % @@@ &999 " 5 = F 3 :22G:3B ; +,
$ $ " # D
; D+ 1 < ! D ,
% 3
=! 9
?CC?
' *
3:BG3:C ; # D
?CC3
# ! ; # D
$ # # ; # D
?CB@ / / ?CA?
6 7 67
* ??H ? *
7
?'8
* ??HO , = ???
2A@
N 7 R 08 N 7 08 0 78 4O # 7 8 7 8 R 0 N 0 N
6 7
= =E*
67
0 :@ ! 5 E
N 77 ?88
7@ ?8
5 !
67
&
=E* ) !
" 5
! 5 =E*
N N 0 ! N :@ ! # 6
6 7
=
, !
J7 8 K 6 7 " 78 N 78 78 " 78 N 78 78 * 78 N 78 78 78 N @ 78 D 78 J K N @ 78 N ? ) 7 8 N
( 67
(
< N < <
" 78 N < N 78 L N L < < N 7?8 78 5 78
$ 67
<
* =E* E
= ??
# 6 7
5
= J K 4O . 78 78
2 6 7 6/7
2A?
71D/8 )
) &
J K7 8
J K * 7B A 8 1D/ N BA E 1D/ N R 7? ?8 * 1D/ ?@@@ 6
6 7 6/7
" =E* &
?@@@
@@@ 6
6/7
"
- ?@ &
6/7
?
& 1 ?2
Æ
?@
* * ?:
6
6 7 67 67
E
C =E*
E 9 =E*
1 5 ?@ =E*
67
E / =E*
( 6/7
=E*
=E* &
7 8 / =E* 4
$ 67
* 0 =E*
6
& =E*
* ?@HG?@?2
# 6 7 6/7
"
&
/
2 67
?@
? 6
* = AG??
6 D
7@
?8
?8 0
7@
2A
6 7 6/7
& = ?3
7@
?8 )
) D
6 7 6/7
)
"
) 4!
7 8 N 7 R 58 5
&
5 7@ 8 7 8 N " J 7 8K N E 6 9 67 E J K 7B A 8 67 E J7 R ?8 K 7B A 8 67 E # 7 8 JK
"
=E*
7@
6 7 6/7
!
! &
A 8
6 9
( 6 7 6/7
" =E*
78 N Æ78 R ?
?
A
#
A 078 ?
J K =E*6 5 =E* 6 4O
1 = ??B
$ 6 7
&
" J=! ?CB@K
@
J K N
7?
*
&
88
7
728
7 = ??H8
J K
N
N
7?
88
7
7 8 !"# !" #
#
5)
2A2
*
7 8 N @ 7288
7
# 6 7
A 0 =E*
=E* T
N B A 78
! 7
7
8
1
8
!
2 6 7 6/7
Æ
1 ?2
H ?@ 4
H !
! &
C:M
6
4O G
6/7
"
2@ & P8 CCAM
?:@
7
6
4O G
6/7
8 R 7 88 N
= 7 7
88 R 7 7 88
7 7
6/7
1D/
= ???@ E
1D/ 5
B A 8
7
67
F +
???
6 7 67
E
J K
7
B A 8
D
67
" 0 =E*
78 N ?
?
?
7
?8
R
?
?
?
R ?8
7
E
( 6 7
= =E*
!
N @
2A3
$ 6 7 67 +
* + =E*
A N 4O
' 6' 6R' & 7@ A 8 J K ?
6 R ?
# 67
N
?
?
?
2 6 7
5
?
7? R 8
'68
7
" *
* *
6 6 " + =E*
???
78 7'68 N
?
7
A N
8 7'68 N ? R? 6
*
?
? R 6
.
? '68 6 N 78
7
7
6
8
5
67
&
5 768 N =E* 4O / *
6
6
*
" ???
7?
?8
7B ?8 =E* . 67 * C
6 7 6/7
&
2A:
6 7 67
D 6
67
D ) ?' #
E
D J K N
D
5
6 7 67
9 /
A N ?
5
( 67
. 1 ???@
@7H8
&
86
7@ ?8 D N H
!
7
2AB
! ! N 7 8 =E* 78 7 8 " N 78 ) N 78 * *
??"?
78 N 78
* ??"?O (
J! K
N
N
78
7 8
7 788
J7 8K
7 7?@2@668
N 78 1 78 D
2AH
2AA
N 78 7 788 78 78 78 N 78 7
N
N
7???@8
8
&! & 5 H
#
#
5 ?3 &
* H?
* J:A% BK
N H@
J?B@ ?C@K @?3 3?
* H?
"
?@@
:@
*
N ?H: *
B@
A@
7
8
7 8 O B@ 7 A@ ?@@ :@ 1 # JB? BH: CA: ?:3K * H? 6$
N
7
&
&
=E* D
, *&
7 &
=E*
4
2AC
2C@
=E* "
5
Æ
4 )
!
1 ?2 0 =E* 7?8 0 =E* 7?28 * ?C
=E*
* ?C =E* =E* 7?38 5E* 7?B8 7?H8
&
=??G=?B =E* 5E*
7?C8
& 7??@8 ! =E* 7???8 5E* 7??8 1 ?B =E* G 7??28 =E*
1
7??A8 7?8 0 =E* 7?38 1 ?H
& ?H?
0 0 ??3
L 9
0
"
7?A8 1 ?C 1 ??@ ! & 7?3H8
=E*
&
0 0 9 ??: 1 ???
5 G 7?:28
&
0 0 * 1 ??
%
2C?
; (! % ) #
! "
4
"
7 8 ! 7 8
N
* ??
7 8 ! 7 8
!
?
?
* ??O (
N
8 O R ?
7
7
8
,
7
"
D L
?8 & N 7 ? 8 O @ ? @ ? L 7 ! 8
! 8 J ! K
7
E
7 = ??8
* ?
L & * ? ?@@
* ? #
D
R !
? 3
&
1
1
0.5
0.5
2C
0
0
−0.5
−0.5
−1
−1 −1
−0.5
0
0.5
1
−1
&' , /#
−0.5
0
0.5
1
&%' 1- "
* ?O
)
JK
"
N
7?38 N ? 7?8 ?B
N
4
4
* ?
6 *
* ?2
JK
N
7?38 ?
N
"
? # !"# "
!"
4
&
7 8 N
JK N
R ?
@
!
7 8
7??8
7?8
%
2C2
7 8
?
N
* ?2O 0
JK
N
N
N
?
?
?
"
N ?
?
N
3
? ?B
=E* 7 8 , *& ! * 7??8 7 ! 8 7?8 D 7?8 " &
) $# .
" .> D
%+
" =E*
7 8 N #
37?
?87? ?8
@
@
=E*
J?3 23 ?3 !
? @ ?
3K " =E*
2
* ?3 1 Æ ! =E* 2E =E*
* ?:
2C3
7 8
3
2
1
0 1 0.8 0.6 0.4
0.2 0
0.4
1
0.8
0.2
0
0.6
* ?3O =E*
1
0.5
0.9
1.5
0.8 0.7
1
0.5
2
0.6 0.5 3
1.
1.
5
0.3
1
2
0.2
1 0.5
0.1 0
5
2.
5
0.4
0
0.5
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
1
* ?:O 5 =E*
" 7 8
8
7
7 8 N 2:
* ?3
2:
*&
=E*
=E* ) 1
N
8 O @
7
%
? @
?
J K
N
N
37?
7?
2C:
?87? ?8
?8
7?
?8
, ? 4
1.5
1.5
78
2
78
2
1
1
0.5
0.5
0
* ?B
J K N ? ? N ?
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
0
1
0
0.25
&'
0.5
0.75
1
&%'
78 N 7? ?8 =E* D J?3 23 ?3 ! 23K 7?8 * ?BO =
JK N
,
JK N
37?
?87? ?8
7?
?8
* ?B
7? 87? 387?8 N
? A
JK N
?
? A
? A
B N
A
N
C ?B
& =E*
1
2CB
*
7 8
J!
K
8
(
7
5
*
#
?H
1.2 1
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
* ?HO &
J! K
@ @ ?
1 @
J! K
N
N
7 8 37?
?87? ?8
" & =E*
I !! " * * / /
! =E* ! !
1
!
!
%
.
2CH
=E*
!
!
&' "
1
* ?A
&%' "
' 1(/
* ?AO 9 !
! " !
" =E*
*&
7 8 N (? 7? ? ;8 7 ; R 8 ?; 7?28 ; ? ; ? 7 ! @ ?8 =E* * ?C ; # ; Æ ; 1 HC
=E*
7
8
* ?C
; R N
7 8 =E*
7 8 N (? ?;
&
7? ; 8 ?
; N @ * ?C ; R @
D
'
; R N
? ;
; ?
3
7 8
2CA
2
0.4
1
0.2
0
−1
0 2
−2 0
−2
−2
2 0
−3 −3
&' 4 7
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
&%' 4 7
7 8
3 2
0.4
1
0.2
0
−1
0 2
−2 0
−2
−2
2 0
−3 −3
−2
' 4 7
−1
0
&' 4 7
7 8
3 2
0.4
1
0.2
0
−1
0 2
−2 0
−2
−2
2 0
−3 −3
& ' 4 7
−2
−1
0
&' 4 7
* ?CO =E* 0 =E*
,
?
; ?
7 " 58 )
%
#
2CC
) 0 =E*
!
(0 ; "(0 ! =E*
=E*
J
7 8
K
7 8
=E*
7 8
N 7 8 O
N O 7?8
J K
N N
N
N
J K N JK 7 8
7 8 7 8 !"
5
78 N
7 8
#
7?38
* ??@ & L $% =(* J K =(* J K =E* S @ 7 8 N J S S R S ! K $ $ 7 8 N S
S "
=E*
7 8
7 8
3@@
0.15
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0
0 2
2
1
0
−1
−2
−2
1
0
−1
) #2 . 3
78 N
−2
−2
(
?
1
0
%+ * 5
?
−1
;
; 8 7
? 7?
8
@ N ; R N ; R ; R ; N 7 ;8 R 7? ; 8
%+
; R 8
7
7?:8
!
$ )%
1 7?:8
78
N
N
8
77? 8 ?
8
77? 8
(
? ?
;
?
A
B N ; A N ? ;
7?
!"
78 N ?
;8 7 ;8 ? 7 B8 8 A
?
2
=E* 7 ! 8
0
−1
&%' $ (" #(/ &'
* ??@O - =E*
0
&' 1(/ & '
* 7?28 7?38
1
2
?
#
%
?8
7@
4 =E*
,
!
3@?
0 =E*
!
7@
?8
D
=E* 0 =E* 0 =E*
& =E* 4 =E*
!
G
=E* *
?8
7@
;
=(* &
7@ ?8
; 7? ?8
=E* * =E*
!
! 8 &
# 5E* 7
7 8 N J ! K
* 7?8
7 8 N 1
7?B8
7 08 0
) # . E %+ D
& 7
! 8 =E*
7 8 N
7 8
J7
N
7 8 N
J? @
J?
J?
08K 0
J7 R
0
7 8
N
%+
R 8K @ @
@
N
N
7?H8
0
7 8
!"
#
8K 7080
7
8K
7
0 0
7 8
8KJ? 78K @ @
7
7?A8
7 8
7 8
3@
1
0.8
1
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0 4
0 4 2
0
1
0
2
2
4
3
0
1
0
&' 0
2
4
3
&%' 1 0
* ???O ; =E* 5E*
5E*
* ???
=E* -
5E*
) # .
!! " %+ *!
5
N 7 8 O ? 2
9 ) (
N 7 8 O ? 2
(
)
* ??O 9
5E*
% * ??
3@2
7
8
JK
N
N
J ! 2K J ! K J ? ! 2K R J ? ! K J 2K J K J? 2K R J? K
* 5E* 7?A8
JK
N
J?
78KJ? 728K J? 78K
J? 7?8KJ? 728K R J? 7?8KJ? 78K .
JK N J7?8 78KJ78 728K
JK N
R 8K
J7
# )
4
=E* 5E* L
7 8 7 8 N : ::
"
) # . B! 3 - D
*! 5
7 8 N *
7?C8
&
@ @ 7 8
N
N N
%+ - D %+ .
7?A8
7 77
@ @
@
: : J? 78KJ? 78K : : : J? 78K : J? 78K : : 78 7 8 N J7 R 8K
3@3
* 5E* 5E* 7 1 H3 5E* 8 7 * ??? 8
7 8 N @ 7R R8 N ? 7 8 N 78 7 8 N 78 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 !
8
L
# & ! % )
1 " 1
!
J ! " K N J K J! " K
7??@8
. )
J ! " K J K N J! " K J ! " K N J K & ! J! " K
N
=E* 7 = ?@8
7 8 N 78 78 "
!
7 = ??8
7 8 N 78 78 "
7???8
) # . *!
7??8
* 9 ?2
=E*
7 8 N
J7
R 8K @ @
@
/
078 N @ @
3@:
078 078 N ? @
7 8 N J7 R 8K078078 07807 8 N ? 078 N ? 07 8 N ? @ @ 4 7 8 N 7!"807#8 7!"807#8
7 8 7877 8 7 4 78 78 778 78 7 * 7 8 7?8 78078 7 807 8 78 N 7?8 78078
D 5E* 9 ?2 7?A8 ! 5E* Æ
3 . / - =E*
7 8 N
R 8K @ @
J7 @
%+
7 8 N @ 7877 8 1 * ??2
) # . !* 5 * 7?28
078078
%+
7 8 ; N @
* * ?C
=E* 1
; N @
3@B
@ @
* ??2O D
7 8
N
N
7 R 8 ? ? ? ? !" # !" # ?
?
4
; N @ !
*
=E* 0 7 8 =E*
*
;
!
9 ?
78 78 Æ =E*
7???8 &
=E*
78
=E*
78
* #
8
N
N
7 ! 8
7 ! 8
8
N
77 ! 8
N N N
8 N 7 ! 8
5E*
L =E* 5E*
% 7)8
J8 )K J7 ! 8 )K (
8
8
7 5E*8 7
7 8
88
7 7?88
7??28
3@H
# =E*
7 8 )
E
" 7H668
=(*
&
) # . 7@ ?8 *! & 1 2
)
@ ?
@ ? " ? @
#
1 2 4
7@
?8
?8
7@
"
N R L =E* # 7??28 ) 7 8 0 0 70 0 8 5E*
78 N
0 0 0 0
## 70 0 80 0
& 5E* L * ??3 1 # # N # #
7@ ?8 @
0 (
0 R 0
(
0
(
0
0 R 0
0 ( &%' 3
&' 7
* ??3O 1 5E*
## 70 0 8 N ? @ 0 ? @ 0 ?
78 N
0 0 0 0
?
0 0 N * ??3
3@A
4 5E*
@ @ @ ? 78 N ? 7 8 ?
?
=E*
78
N
N
78
@ @ @ ? ?
@
=E*
* ??:
78 ( ( * ??:O =E*
)
*
N ?
1 2 "
9 7 = ?A8
?8
7@
78 N # 78 9 # 78
(
=E*
"
7??28
R ) ) ) ) 7 8 * ??B
3@C
)
?
) * ??BO & G
% 7)8
( N
N
N
N
&
% 7 ) 8
(
78
7 8 78 78 (
N
7 5E*8
78 7) 8 )
78 ) 7) 8 0 78 0 708 0( )
N
7 8
78
78 7) 8
L 5E* N
&
7 8
7
0 N ) 8
% 7)8 N
78 7) 8
7??38
7H668 & !
% N 9
1 ??@ " =E*
7 ! 8
=E*
8
7 ! 8 N 8 N $% 7 )8
3?@
=E*
5 H
8
=E*
4
)
7 ! 8 77 ! 8
N
8
N
=E* 7
! 8 &
=E* 7
8 8
!
7 8
78 N 7 788
7??:8
! N 7 8
N 7??B8 7 R 8 7@ ?8 7@ ?8 & * ?2 ! J K J K D =E*
##
! )
=E* !
& =E* 1 !
=E*
* ?@ & =E*
?2 ) ? & ?C8
"
7@ ?8
=E* ! & * ?'
N
( !" # !
"
7 =
8
! N 7 8
)
N
758
N
(
7??H8
&
7??B8
3??
5 758 N @
5N
758
?
&
8 N 7 R ! 8
@
N
N ? =E*
# =E* J
7 R ! 8K
7 ? =E*8 4
758 758 N 75 8 J ) K =E* " J K N 5
=E* ?
?
4 7??H8
=E*
$% 7 )8 N "
5
8 75 )
7??A8
) #( . !* 5 %+ " 7
! 8 =E* 7?28
N
8
5 N
5
@
A % ! !" #
A$
?
@
A%
@
)
5 8
7
7?28 7??A8
@
A$
?
N
N
A$ )A% ?
A$ A%
$% 7 )8
3?
N N
? ? ? ( 7A$ 8 ;)7A$ A% 8 R 7)A% 8 7? ; 8 A A ?
3
;
$ %
? 7?
;8A$ A%
? 7?
; 8
; ) R ) A$ A$ A% A%
7??C8
$% ) " =E*
D
' 7 = ?2?8
$% 7 )8 N
?
78
N
* , ? +
)
7?@8
)
A$ ;A$ A% ;A% A$ A%
C:
7??8
8 7 1
8
* 7??A8
!
; 7 = ?28 4
8
N N
7 ! 8 77 ! 8
) N 7 8 ) N 77 8 " )8 N 7 )8 N 7 7 )8
) 7
!" #
$% 7 )8 N 7 7 )8 7 7 )88 !" #
: 7 8 : 7 )8
7?8
3?2
: 7 8 N : 7 )8
7 7' 7 7'
7 7( 7 7(
7?28
; J
)K J K
&
' *
5
E
N
5
7 7??:8 8
#
) #$ . Æ !* 5 %+
! 8 0 =E* Æ
B$ A @ $ N @ A% ! R B% 8 7?8 7 8 N A B$ $ ) B% N A % + 7
;
: 7 8 N ?A$ @ @ ?A% : 7 )8
7 8 N ( ?; ?
? 7?
;8 7
; R 8
7?8
$% 7 )8 N (? ?; ) B ) B ? B$ B$ ? % % ; 7? ; 8 A$ A$ A% R A% A$ A%
$% 7 )8 N 3 ? 7? ; 8A$ A% B ) B ) B ? B$ $ % % ; 7? ; 8 A$ A$ A% R A% 7?38
3?3
*& & B$ N B% N @ A$ N A% N ? 0 =E* & B$ N B% N @
=E* 9 ?C " =E*
*
$% 7 )8
??H
5 4 3 2 1 0 −1 −2 −3 −4 −5
0.3
)
0.2 0.1 0 5 0
5
)
−5
−5
0
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
&' 9 " 0 * ??HO
A
2
% N ?
&%' 1 " ( # " " 0
9 0 =E*
; N @C
B$
N ?
B%
N ?
A$
N
0 =E*
$% 7 )8 N
?
78
* , B B $ $ ? +
) B%
7??8
=E* 4
'
) B%
&
7?:8
B A$ 8 8 7B% A% 8 7 = ?2B8
7 $
*& *&
7 = ?2H8
) ## . 5 *. ! -" *!
?8 ! N 8 N ! $% N ) N ) 4 $% =E*
7 8 N N ) N ) ; : 7 8 N ? @ ) : 7 )8 +
7@ ?8 !
7@
3?:
: 7 8: 7 )88 N . 7?8
7
$% 7 )8
N
N
N
7 R 8 ''( ? ? ?
?
7
?
?
R
)8
) 8
7? R
& =E* 5 =E*
% 7)8
7@
N
N
N
N
N
7@
?8 =E* 8
N
?8 7?38
$% 7 )8 ?
?
?
7? R
) 8
7? R ) 8 ? J7?87? R ) 8 K 7? R ) 8 ? 7? R )8 )
?
7 8
! 5 =E* 4 =E*
!
!
0 5 #
*
! 0
!
5 1 * ??2
) 22 . 3 3 D " 5 ! *! +
7@ A 8 !
A 8 !
7@
=E*
! 5
1
N
]
N
(
R ! !
1 @ @ ]
7?B8
3?B
&
" 7 8 ) 4! 4
7 8 N 7 8 R
T
"
5 )
=E*
7@ A 8 " 7@ A 8
" 1 )
7 = ?38
(
7 8 N R " 7 7"88 7?B8 =E*
8 N ? N ? 7?8 ) ? ; : 7 8 N ? ? ? ? : 7 ?8 # 7
1
: 7 8
: 7 ?8
&7 ?8
N
N
A A ? ? A !" A # !"# ?
?
@
? 7 8 N 78 78 N A
7?8
4
N
1 / =E*
R 8 A ?
7
@ @ ? @ @ ?
8
1 ]
A ] =E*
1 ,- ) !
! ! K
) J
&
3?H
J K N ! J! K
- ) =E*
" 0 =E* 7?38
8 ! 7B A
8
B A
8
7
)
* ??H
B N B
B N ! B N ?
# ) )
8 N 7 ! 8 , J8 K N ) % 7)8)
,
% 7)8 J8 K N J7 ! 8K N 7 8 7 8
7?H8
=E*
J7 ! 8K N
7 8
7 8 7 8 & J7 8K N 78 7 8
N
N
7?A8
78
J7 8K
7 8 !"
#
" 7 1 HH8
O
+
J R ! K N J K R J! K
J7 8 R 77! 8K N J7 8K R J77! 8K
3?A
* ! &
!
J! K N J K J! K
7?C8
J7 877! 8K N J7 8K J77! 8K
7?2@8
"
R ! 8 N 7 8 R 7! 8 R 7 ! 8 7 ! 8 N J7 J K87! J! K8K & !
7
7?2?8
7?2@8
! 8
7
N N N
J7 J K87! J! K8K J7 J KK J7! J! K8K @
! 8 N J! K J K J! K
7
J! K N
"
7?28
7 8
7?228
) 2 . * !* 5
%+
! 8 # =E* 7@ ?8 ! 7@ ?8 J K N J! K N @ * 7?28 7 ! 8 N J! K * 0 =E* 7?28
7?228 7?28
7
! 8 N
( ?;
?
? 7?
; 8 7
7
; R 8
)
9 ?
@ N ; R N 7 ;8 R 7? ;8
! 8
7
& 3?C ? ? ? N ( 7 ;8 7? ; 8 ? ; ? ? ? ? ( 7 ;8 N 7? ; 8
;8 J! K N 78 J! K N ;
7?
!
7
; ? ;8
; N ; J K 7@ ?8 , J K N 7 8 R J K N ? R @ N ?
7
! 8
N
?
?
! 8 N ;
7
#
! 0 =E* 1 =E* 7@ ?8 ! 7@ ?8 Æ ! ; N ( 7 ! 8 7 87! 8 ; N ?? N ;
Æ
*& ; Æ =E* #
* ?C
!
"
!
Æ
; N @ ! ,
2 *&5 ? ? 7 8 N ( 7? ;8 7 ; R 8 ?; N
N
?
?
!
=E*
R 8
7
!" # !" #
?
?
?
?
0
=E*
7B A 8 !
B A 8
7
3@
! , *&
*
8 !
; N ;
7??8
A ;A A ;A A A A ; A A ; A A A 7 8
7 ! 8
7! 8 7! 8
N
N
N
#
7?238
7?238
4 0 =E*
7 7?388
7 8 N
?
78
7?238
* , B B ? +
B
B
7?2:8
7 1 C:8
N
8
7! 8 7
! 8 7! 8
7
7?2B8
" 0 =E* 4 7?2B8
!
#
5 C
!
! K
1 J
!
' J
K
'
4
&
& G
0 =E*
' =E* +
8
N
5
!
&
5
3?
"
7?2:8
7 8 N 7??A8
$% 7 )8
N
N
N @
* , ? +
?
78
B N B
8 75 ) * , ? ? 5 - 75 8 + 5 78 ) ) 5
,
7 1 52 " 5
8
5 5 N 5
8 75
N
N
N
8 75
8
7
N
N
N
N
5 N 755 8 ?
758 ? 77
58 7588 ?
77
58 75 88 ?
7
87758 75 88 ?
77
8 758 75 88
77
58 78 75 88
?
?
7
55 8
=E*
$% 7 )8 N
?
755 8
* , ? + 755 8
)
)
3
! 0 =E*
55
!
= C3 # !
- ( 6 !* 5 *!7
7 ! 8 *& * , B B ? ? 7 8 N +
8
B
7
7?2H8
B
8
5
$% 7 )8 N
?
55 8
7
7
7
8
) B%
) B%
B$ B N 5 B% B
!
5
* , B B $ $ ? + 755 8
0 =E*
N
4
5J !
8
K
75
9 C3
55 8 "
! K
G J
) 2 . 3 5 *!
5 *! +
B N B
N @
N
B
B
B
B
7?2H8 =E* =E* D
!
N
8
5
5
!
5 N '
N
* ??A
'
9 C3
&
32
15
−3
7 8
x 10
10
8
4
0. 0.0 0.004 00 03 2 0.001
5
6
0
2 −5
0
0.0
10
01
−10
0
10 −10
−10
−15 −15
0
&' 9 " 0
−10
−5
0
5
10
15
&%' 1 " ( # " " 0
* ??AO 9 =E* 0
8
? !
?
N
N
? R !
?
#
55 7
55 8 N @ 2
$% 7 )8
N
N
?
' ' N
@
@
@
2
=E*
?
@
2
* ? ?@ +
)
?
@
? 2
?)
)
2 2 ! =E* 8 =E* 7@ @8 8 7@ 28 4 8 0 =E* =E* $% N
@
?
@
, -
@
* ??C D * ??A ??C
9 C3 7 = ?3A8
33
15 10
8
0.001
5
6
0.
$% 7 )8
−3
x 10
2
00
)
4
0 −5
0 10
01
0.0
2
04 0.0 03 01 0.0 0.0
0.0
02
−10
0
)
10 −10
−10
−15 −15
0
&' 9 " 0
−10
−5
0
5
10
15
&%' 1 " ( # " " 0
* ??CO 9 =E* 0
6 ; *
J ! & K J ! & K N
,
& 7 8
7?2A8
N , N ? 0 =E* J! K
, J7 J K8 7! J! K8& K
9 ??2
J7 J K8 7! J! K8 K N
&
-
7
J K8 7 J! K8& 7 8
N , N ?
7?2C8
7
! 8
*
J ! & K N J K J! & K
7 % ) 5! & 1 HC
#
"
3:
0 =E* *
! K
J * ?@
N
@ C
@ C
!
?
?
1
7?3@8
D Æ
3
2
1
0
−1
−2
−3 −3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
* ?@O ?@@ 0 7?3@8
N
( 7 ! 8
87! 8 @C N @C ??
N
7
N & * ?@
!
!
;
!
) 7(198 W N R *
N ! 8 7 J K8 !W N J! K R 7 7 8
1 HC
!
7?3?8
*
!W N @ R @?C 7 @8 N @C
7?38
3B
* ?@
* N ! @C * 7@ @?C8 7
D
=E*
= ?3C8 *
7 Æ 8
7 ! 8 *& 7 1 ?2B8 4 7?38
9 ; " 0!
!
5 76 6 8 N J J' 76 R 6 ! 8K &
5 76 6 8 N
7?328
7 8 J' 76 R 6 8K
7?338
* =E* 7
'
8
R
'
"
J !
&K N
?
' &
: & 5 76 6 8 :6 :6&
7?3:8
" =E* "
1 H?@
8 N R!
5% 768 N 5 7685 768 &
R! !
7?3B8
* 7?3?8
=E*
!
4 =E*
5 768 78 7'68 5 76 8 ( 5 76 8 5 76 8 5 76 85 76 8
R!
*
*
# %
* * =E*
R!
% 7)8 N
5 7685 768 7'6)8 6
" =E*
8
7??38 =E* "
) 2 . ! &
3H
4
!
8
N
7?3H8
%+ 5 *.
7B A 8 !
=E* = ?:? 4
B A 8 ! R ! "
7
8
N
7?3H8
*
0 =E* * ???
7B A 8
5 768 N '6B A 6
5 768
N
R!
'6B A 6
N
?
?
'6B A 6 ?
'67B R B 8 7A R A 86
?
0
R!
B
7
R
B A R A 8 7/ !
=E*
7?3H88 4 =E* 0 0
A
A
N
R
A
B N B R B
0 =E*
*& , & = ?:2
0 =E* =E*
?H? &
8 ?H? "
8
N
@
?
?
R!
!
0
0 =E* 0 =E*
=E*
N
?
A R A
8 N R ! 0 & B R B !
3A
"! ! ; "!! % + ) * =E* =E*
4
& 5 ?2
0 O
" Æ 0 0 " 1 ?H ! ?H? #
Æ
N
8
5
R !
7?3A8
8 K
5 R 7 = C8 7?3C8 !
J
N
8 $%
N
5 5
7 7 ?H?887?:@8
!
0
! & ("+",
?8 ! 7 = ?:38 0 7 8 8 JB$ B% K $% 7?3A8 5 J K
-
7@
, (
N
8 $%
1
N B%
"
N
B$ B % A$ ;A$ A% ;A% A$ A%
7?:?8
! ! 7?3C8 N B$ !
N
?
@
@
?
N
&
7?:@8
$%
N
3C
55
5
= ?::8 &
+
5
5N
55
$% ' $% ' N J 7
N
@ (
@ N ( @ ( R (
7?:8
55
5
F + ?CA2K 4
$%
+ J0
# )
7?:?8
55
7?:8 E
( 4
N N N
A $ 5N
A$ ;A%( A% ? ;
;A% A%
(
@ ?
;
& ! 0
0
!
" =E*
B$ A @ $ ( N 7?:28 ;A% A% ? ; ! R B% 8 B$ N B% N ? A$ N A% N ? ; N @C :@@ ! J 8 K * ??
) 7C33668 7C3B668
$%
8
$%
N
N
?
)
? $% ) $% 8 ) 8
32@
4 3 2
)
1 0
−1 −2 −3 −4 −4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
* ??O :@@ 0
J? ?K
7?3@8
) K + ! J 8 K N @@@ ?@2B ? $% N $% N 8 ?@: 8 ? @CC:A @C@HH ? @C $% N $% N @C@HH ?@?BB @C ? J
("+", !
## , ? O) G 1*G2% + O $% - $ 7 , - < ? -O0) 7+#") +# ? PQ - ? - % $ 7 P PQ
P Q PQ%
Q PQ PQ *P P PQ % PQ% *Q Q 5) +
32?
$ 55"PQ 0PQ # /$ ? P P Q Q 5 ?
% + ,- + 5 " %+ " *
"
&
" J ; ?CCBK
C 7
@ ?
8 "
* ?
D A@ " $?%
* ?2
A@
$ %
" & ! A@ A@ !
L
L
$?% *
"
&
7/
J+ K J+ K + N ? A@ N ? A@ J+ K N ? J+ K N @ D * ?2 J+ K +
1 ??28 +
32
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
40
60
60
60
60
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
40
60
60
60
60
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
20
40
60
80
* ?O 1
10
20
30
+
40
50
60
70
80 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
* ?2O ( $?%
80
322
BJ ,K N &
& + J+ K
+ K
7?:38
J
+ N ? A@U N ? A@ J+ K N J+ K J+ K J+ K =(* "
! * ?
.
& Z 8 7 Z 8 J+ K 7+ + BJ ,K N
+ K
+Z
N
Z
N
7?::8
J
+J+ K J+ K BJ@ ?K N J+ K
BJ? @K N
+ K
J
+ Z 8 J+ K
7 Z
$ =E*%
$ %
7 * ?2 8
@3
@B
@?
B BJ K8
7 J? ?K
@C "
* ?3 "
* ?: )
! $?% $A%
$?% $2%
*
* $?% $A% :@ !
D
4
323
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
40
60
60
60
60
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
20
20
20
40
40
40
40
60
60
60
60
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
80
20
40
60
80
20
40
60
80
* ?3O /!
5
3.2
5
x 10
3.2
x 10
8 3
3.1
BJ K
BJ K
3.1
3
2.9
3
2.9 1
2.8 10
5
1
BJ? ?K
0
5
10
2.8 10
5
&' " A * ?:O :@ !
BJ? ?K
0
5
&%' " )
10
32:
JE 4
1 @@?K 7
- 8
" $2% %A%
5
6
* ?B P
* ?BO 1
% E /- =9 4 E0 1
- = " ; # D
@@? 0 04 5* F +
#
; 4 . =
, (E ?CA2 -E "< ; $* 9 ( 5 / G " 1%
F
C D 3 B3?GBB ?CCB
= 9 1 +
6 7 6/7
*
2 3
?
* ??
E
4O *
?8 N ? 67 / * ? 7? ?8 ! 7? ?8 ! - ! 7 ! 8 R ! ? 9 7
1 = ?22
6 7 6/7
*
J@ 1 @:K N @: 71
86 9
32B
6/7
7
*
+ 7 ? ?8 ! 7? ?8 ! * J R! ?K ! !
6 7 67
67
&
* =E*
7 8 N J ?K 4O
(
?
( 6 7 67
# 67
R ?
@
N ?
(
?
R ? 78
& =E*
&
? @ ?
@
@
(
? @
!
7 8 N $ 6/7
"
N
7
8 O @
? * J! K * =E* 7 8 N J7 R 8K07807 8 J! K
2 6 7 6/97
@ ?
& &
L
@? "
6 7 67
! 8 0 =E* J R ! N
& 7
?@K
; R N ? ; N @C ; N @ ; N @C 4O 1 6/97 = =E* ; N @C D ; ? " ; ? ! N 6
697
8
= 7
67
&
32H
7 8 N J7 R 8K078078 =E*
6 7 67
&
7 8 N
? @
@
@
=E*
6 7
8 N 7@ @8 ; R @ ?
" 7
; ?
78 N 7?8 J7?8K078 78 N 7?38 J7?38K078 =E* ! $ 67 67 E 5E* !
78 N @ ( 67
&
78 N # 67
@
@
@
3
E 5E* =E*
7 8 N
7
R 8 @ @
@
D = ??G?B 5E*
2 6 7
= 7??@8 7???8
6 7
= 7???8 7??8 )
4O
+
N " N O ( N O S R S " N O S R S
6/7
&
+ =E*
6 7 6/7
+
A
6
?@@@ &
@@@ 6 " L
7 8 N B J7 R 28K078078 N 7 8 O @ @ ?6 "
67
& =E*
6
32A
67 6/7
6 7 6/7
" =E*
? !
!
"
8 O @ @
7
6
"
7@ ?:@@8 *
!
9
?@@8 *
7?@@
#
" 9 6 "
( 6/97
& 1 2
7@ ?8
#
:@@ J@ @ :K :@@
J? : K ?@@@
?@@@ ? :@@
5
A
?@
6 #
6 4O * 2 7@ @ :8 J@ : ? :8
J? : 8 " = 23A
* =E* N R 7@ ?8 7@ ?8 .
$ 67
# 6/7
&
758 ? @ ?
N ( !" # ) !" #
K
N J
8
7
O
N 3 R 3 ? @ = ? N J? @K N J@ ?K 5 N 573 R = 8 N 35 R = 5 N 3 R= ( & J (K J K * ?H )
@
* ?H
) @
)
32C
* ?A
" E
) N ( N 758 " @ @ "
)
)
8
?
(8
7
7
?
* ?HO (
)
?
8
(8
7
7
"
? * ?AO 0
33@
2 6 7 6/97
1 ?2
8
=E* @ ?B3 @ @ ?B3 ! @
7
* ? E
D *
6 7
1
6 7
5
7??C8
7?@8
N 7 8 )
77 8 . 8
N
7
)K
J
K '
Æ J
*
: : N 7 8 7 8 R : 7 8 R : 7 8 ) N 77 8 5 ;
7?28
67
& =E*
7 8
R 8K
N 7? 38 J 7
=E* N ? 8 ! 67 & =E* 7 8 N J7 R 8K078078 =E* N ! 8 N !
6/97
5
R :! 8 N : R ! # 7 8 N @C: R 7& ?8?@@ & N ? ?? N ?C: R 7' ?8?@@ ' N ? ?? D ) N
# 6
D
7 8 E
: 7 )8 : 7 8
N ? N 6
;
33?
6 7 67 ( 67
* =E* =E* 7?:8
E =E* =E*
$ 6 7 67
&
!
? 23 !
3
=E*
? ? !
?
=E*
N
8 # 6 7
= =E*
% 7)8 N = =E*
% 7)8 N
2
!
!
78 7)8
!
78 7)8 ?
0 5
?8 !
?8 !
7@
6 7
8 N !
67
?
8 N !
2 6 7
?
7@
"
5 6
=
R
!
5
7 8 N 7 8 R " 7 8 7 8 N 7"88 4O 5 7 " 8
7
6 7 6/7
" &
< 7@ ?@8 < 7@ ?@8 ' < <
67
? 6
! 0 R ! C =E*
=
33
! ! N R ! 8 N ! " 8 6 " 8 6
6 7 6/97
? &
67
? ? ? ! ? R ! R ! ( 67 6/7 J ! K &
N *
?
?
5 5J ! K
$ 6 7
=
N
5N
!
7
1
L
8 3:Æ
0 =E*
# 67
* ((19
!
=E*
7 8 N ?@?C
?
W N ! " =E* ! !
N 7 ! 8
7@ ?C8
7
?A R 8
7
R 8
4O 1 ?H?
2 6/97
< 7? ?8 7@ 8 < R &
"
((19
< =E* 7< R < 8
"
67
332
.
0
6 7 67
&
R!
! 8
7@
@ @ ! @
J R ! K 6 7 = \73 28 ! R ! \73 R 3 28
@
67
\7
3 28 !
0
)# ( N ( 7 8
!
N
7 8
7@ ?8 =
4O
6 7 = ' ' N J N 55 5 N ' J J )
J 5
/ D
N
67
55
B
B
B
B
1 !
8 = !
? ?
?
@ C
?
@ C
=E*
333
! &! " =(*
5 A
"
&
"
N ! "
=(*
#
=E*
!
=E* 7?228 7?238 =E* 0 =E* 7?2:8 0 =E* ! = ?2?G?2: "
5E* 7?2B8 7?2H8 1 ?2: "
7?2?8 7?2?28 "
=E* 7?2?38 " 0 =E* 7 Æ8 !
33:
33B
1 ?2H + 1 ?2A
" (0 /
! =(*
J K N JJ K K
' N ? 7?2?8 ! N ' N ? N 1 N
! 7 8 O N N " J K N J N ! N K J K N J N ! N K R J N ! N K R N J K
J K
J K
JK J K N J K J K N ? N J K & ! *& & N J N K N @
N
7?2?8 ! /
J" K N JJ" K" K
J" K N @
4
7?2?8
6 #
1 ?2 &
/ * ? !
&
4 S * ?2? S 4
S
33H
$
$
$
$
?
N ? 3
&%' - -#
&' % * ?2?O /
-
" S
* ?2?
&
= ?2@
@AB3B
)
4
S SK J S SK N J JS SK 1 S
?2?
? 3
*
N
N N
J S SK J K J K R J K S7?8 7 N ' 8 S78 @: @AB: 7?28
4
S
9
J N @K N @
33A
@ 7 ) @8 1
S
S
* ?2
N @ & * ?2
1 0.8 0.6
0.4 0.2 0 −0.2 −0.4 −0.6 −0.8 −1
0
20
40
60
80
"
100
&' $ (# ; 73 " " 1 0.8 0.6
0.4 b
0.2 0
b b
−0.2
b
b
b b
b
−0.4 −0.6 −0.8 −1
0
20
40
60
"
80
100
&%' " (# # 73 % "# %( & C +' (# 73 * ?2O /
33C
-
S
N @ !
& * ?2
$% D
H ?@@
) @ 7 * ?28 A
7 * ?28 4 * ?2? H'?@@N@H
S 78
N @ 378
N @ :3
"
* ?2 A'HN@2@ 7?28 ) @: 7
N
N
N
N
J SK
J SK 7 8 J SK ( J7 8 O S ??B K J7 8 O S ( ?K
J7 8 O S ??B K J O SK $ $ 7 8 $ $ 78
@
" S
(@8 # N 7 8 O R ?3
S
=E* +
J SK
$
$ 7 8 $ $ 78
7@ 8S
7
(
? ?B
?3 S8
7 7 8 7@ 8 S8 7@8S 7@ 8 N 7@8 # =E* 7 8 78 N 7?228 78
3:@
D
78 N @ S @
J SK N
( =E*
7@8
7
= ?2B8
J ! S R SK N
78
J ! N K O S RS
*
S
J ! N K N
78
7?228
7?238
*&
78 ! N 7 S R S8 1 7?228 & =E* L =E* "
=E*
) 2 . !* 5 " 7
! 8 =E*
7 8 N (? ?;
%+
; R 8 7? ; 8 =E*
?
7
78 N ?
?
=E* 7?228
78
N
N
0
1
; R 8 ! 9 ! ? ? ( @ 7? ; 8
9 7
% ( (
@
; R 7? ;8 ? ; ? ; ; R ; ? ; 7 ;8 ? ;
N
N
N "
3:?
=E*
78 N (
?
7?
; 8
? 7?
; 8 7 ;8
7?2:8
78 78 # =E* ! 7 N 8 7; ? ; 8 " =E*
=E* & =E* ? & L =E* L =E* * ; N @C N ? J? ! @A N ?K J@? ! @? N ?K 7?2:8 ! 7 N ?8 7@C @?C8 ? 7@C8 @A 7@C8 J? ! @A N ?K N @ @?C @ N @?A?: @?C J@? ! @? N ?K N @ @?@7?C@C8 @ @? @7?C@C8 N @@2 =E*
5 L
6
=E*
- !
=E*
7 ?8
N
N
& * ?22
7 ?8
7? 8 7?8 7? 8 7? 8
;> " > (0
=(*
1 A3 =E* 4
!
7 = ?2??8
7 8
7 8
3:
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2 0.1
0.1
0
0 2
2 1
0
-1
-2
-2
-1
0
1
1
2
0
-1
-2
&'
-2
-1
0
1
&%'
* ?22O 1 0 =E*
. =E* " . E
%+ "
78
N
78
N
N ?
%+
7 8
7 8
7 8
7 8
" .
%+
78 N 7 78 8 78
" .
%+ ! 3 "
78 N 778 8 778 8
2
% ( (
3:2
" . %+ 3 3 %+ " - D %+
7 8 N 78 78 N 78 78
" . %+ 3 3 %+ " - - 3 %+
78 N
78 78
" 5E*
N N
J! N K N
, 7?238
7 8
" 5E*
78 N J! N K
78 N "
7 8
! 7 N 8 7; ? ; 8
78 N ? @ ( ; ?;
7?2B8
7?2H8
9 ?2?
7?2A8
* 5 ?
! =E* 7 8 N 78 78 ) 5E* 7 8 N 78 78 =E* !
78
N
N
7
7 8 78 78 78 N 78 78
7?2C8
N 8 4 =E* N
3:3
!
L =E*
8
7 L
1 7?2H8
78
N
!
7 8
7 8 78
N
N
7 7?2C88
; N @ 0 =E* ! 7 N 8 7; ? ;8 N 7@ ?8 78 N 78 " " 7?2A8
78
N N
"
( ; ?@ ?; ? @7 8 N 7 8
) 2 . %+ 3- !! "
=E* 78 N 2 728078 " ! =E* 4
"
"
?
2
@
N
?
27? R 38
3 ?
7 8
78
N N
=E*
2 72 8078 27? R 38 J27? R 38K 078
* ?23 ?
2 N : 3 N @:
#
*&
78 & N @8
7
% ( (
3::
78
1.5
N ?@
1
0.5
N? 0 −2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
5
* ?23O 5 =E* E
=E*
78
N
N
2 . = ?2:
78 78 27? R 38 J27? R 38K 2 728
N
2 728
N
2
N
N
N
7
28
7? R
38 J273 R ?8K 8 R 3
7
78
7
N 27? R 388
7 8 ? ? 2 728 R 3 78 78 ? 3
2 728 R 2 728 273?R ?8 R J2733R ?8K
3 78 N 2 728 273 R ?8 R J273 R ?8K 078 * ?2: ?2 N : 3 N @: =E* 78
?
"
3:B
1.5
1
78 0.5
78 0 −2
0
2
4
6
8
* ?2:O =E*
10
!
* =E* L 5E* * 7?2H8
7 8 78 N : :
7?2?@8
# " ! ! "+ 8 ! ! *
1 AB
=E*
N
7
8
# !
N 8 7 N 8 N 7 ! 8 * =E* 8 7 N 8 ! 8 . =E* =E* % 7) 8 *
) 2 . 5 & = ?2C
%+ *!
8 N !
!
% 7)8 N
78 7)8
3:H
* 8 N ! % 7)8 N 7)8 7 9 ?@:8 D ! ! 8 7 N 8 N 7 N 8 N 7 N 8 N ? ! % 7)8 N 7)8 N 7)8 7?2??8
#
% 7)8
N
N
N
N
D
% 7) 8
7 =E* =E*8
% 7)8 78
7 =E*8
7)8 78
7 7?2??88
78 7)8
7?2??8
N
&
7AA668 7 = ?2?:8
J! K N
!
J! N K 78
J! K N
7?238
&
78 78
7?2?8
7?2?28
O
7?2?28 7AH866 "
) 2( .
!! " 3 "
5 =1<
* ?3
1 ?@B
N J
K N @78
3:A
?8
7@
&
J/ @@K /
=E*
&
"
@ 78 N @ @ # / J R @K 7@ ?8 / " =E* 8 N R % 7) 8 @ -
-
" 7?2?8
N N
N
,
.
J
J
J J
K
N K 78
7 7?2?88
N K 78
7
J
N K N @78 N
J
N
8
N K N J
K
K 78
? @78 A A
.
* " (0 * =E* =E*
#
J! K N
78
7?2?38
7AC668 #
7 = ?2?C 1 AB8
J J! KK N J! K
7?2?:8
&
3:C
J! K 7?2?38 J! K " 0 =E* ! 7 N 8 7; ? ; 8 4 J! K N ;
=E* J! K N ; 7?2?:8 J J! KK N J; K N ; J K N @ =E* 0 =E* 7@ ?8 " ! 7@ ?8 0 =E* J! K N @ 7?2?:8
=E*
! N J! K 7 = ?2?H8
) 7((198
* 0 =E*
!
J! K N ;
0
J! K
N N N
(
=E* 7?2:668
! 8 7 J K8 J! K R 7 7 8 B R ;AA A 7 B 8 ;A B R A 7 B 8
71 = ?2@8
1 "! ! ; "!! % + ) & 1 AH
!
! 8 7 8 N 78 78 7- ! 78 ! 7 88 5 0 =E* # ! 7 N 8 7; ? ; 8 7@ ?8 4 ! 7 ! 8 0 N
7@ ?8 0 ! 7 N 8
7; ? ; 8 7
3B@
1 ???
7?:2668
/ 7?:2668
B$ N B% N @ A$ N A% N ? 8 ! ! < ? @ ( N 7?2?B8 ; ? ; ! < 7@ ?8 < 7@ ?8 <
7?2?B8 ! 0 &
0 E 6 " =E*
* ?2B &
* ??
!
; N @C
* ?? 7
?8 ("+",
4 3 2
1 0
−1 −2 −3 −4 −4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
* ?2BO :@@ 0
;N
@ C =E* ! 0
## !G $ $
, ? - , , - < ? F
!
3B?
7, !0 "1*!2% 0 , L8I F %
6 % + ,- . % = 1L 4
B:
Y:@@@@@
4 L T 4 H: Y:@@@@ A: Y:@@@ 4
6
, = 1L 9
4
! ! @ 4 !
:@@ @@@
&
J:@@ @@@ ! @K N @:
7?2?H8
4 @:
9) )
!
N @:
:@@ @@@
7?2?A8
N :@ @@@ N ?@ @:
"
:@@ @@@
&
7?2?A8
*&
"
)
! N
) &
*&
)
78 N J! N K
3B
*
?@
B:
J! ?@ N B:K N ? 7?@B:8 5E*
78 &
=E*
5 ! 5E*
J( / @@@K
+
@ 7?2?C8 , + N A?C: , N ?@B + N AHA , N C: " 7 8 N @: :@M & :@M :@M 7/ 78 N ?
,
?
) @:8
* 7?2?C8
@ : N
+
,
?
,
:@M
+ @: 7?2@8 N , ? , * ?2H &
* ?2H 7
R 8
/ = 1L
* ?2H
L 1
!
:@@ @@@
7?2?A8
N N
1
N B: 7?2?C8 B: + ? N , ,
7?2?8
! 35
3B2
95
female
30 90
R
25 male
20
female
85
15 10
80 male
5 0 50
60
70
@ .
80
90
75 50
&' D /
60
70
@ .
80
90
&%' @- #"# C
* ?2HO (
1 0.9 0.8 0.7
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
0
* ?2AO =
5
10 15 20
25
30
B:
" = 1L
+ N A?C: , N ?@B 7?2?8
* ?2A &
@? H
Y:@@ @@@ H N Y?A :@@
&
@: ?:
Y:@@ @@@ ?:
@@@
Y22
3B3
% ; ! ! ( F 3 ??2G?C @@@ / 1 > = 4 ( (" 5 / $1 "! / /%
. 1 / D; @@
6/97
&
* ?2?
?8 ( R ? 7 = ?22 - 7 8
7?
=E*
8
@ 7 * ?28
S
*
D @:
7?28 * ?2
6 7 6/7
E =E*
@ @ 78 N (@ 78
=E*
6/7
( & ) (
& =E*
78 N
7 8 6 & 7@ ?8 ! ?
?
6 7 67
&
7 8 N
6/7
J7
R 8K
@
@
@
78 = =E*
7 8 N
@
@
? @ ?
3B:
D =E*
78 /
=E* ! =E*
6 7
&
J ! S R SK N $
$ $ 7 8 $ $ $
78
J! N @K =E*
7 8 N @ ? @ ? @
!
78
J ! S R SK N
E
$
( 67
7@ ?8 ! 7 N 8 7@ 8 =E* ! # 69 7 * 0 =E* =E* 9 "
$ 6 7 67
&
=E*
6
2 6 7 67 @
=E*
& =E*
? !
@
6 7
= = =?2?G?2:
67
E =E*
! 7@ ?8 !
7@
?8 !
E
6 7
= =E*
R!
7 7??36688
!
E
6 7 6/7
"
* 2A &
)
6 7
!
N
7? ? 8
?' 4O +
N 7?2?8
= 7?2?8
7?238
3BB
6 7 6/7
" ?@
( 6 7
1 7?@ @:8
& N ? ) < 7@ ?8 * < ?@ ?? D < N &1 R # 1 6
&
"
)
! N J! K * W 78 !
)
N N
N
J7! !W 7 88 K W 788 7 ! 7 8
7
N
!W 788 78 78
!W 788 78 78
7
!"
#
: '
E 7!W 788 78 @ 5 W 788 ) ! L E 7! W 5 ! 78 7 8
D
!
*
$ 67
* =E* = ?2?@ )
!
N
=
=E* !
# 6 7
!
= 7?2?:8
2 6/97
B B K N J? K
& 0 =E* J
N
?
?
=E* D )
!
N
9
6 7 6/7
"
+ =E*
6
A
7@
?8
A
&
67
3BH
&
J! K N ; 7 ! 8
0 =E* . 7?2?B8 N ?@ @@@ ! 0 ; N @C N O S R S ! * =E* ! 5 S N @? N ? J! K
6 7
#
= ?2?
7
! 8
! 8
* ) 7
7
1 ]8
5E*
J1 ] ?1 ?K
@
? @ ?
, )
J1 1 ? ] ?K N J1 ] ?K J1 ?K J1 ?K 7#68 D
J1 ] ?1 ?K N ?
L 7
? =E* &7 ?8
=E*
1 ?8 * =E* 7 ! 8
4O
6 7 697
: 7 ?8
: 7 8
N
7? 7 8
* 5E*
7?2?C8 =E* = =E* 5
:@
H:
D 4O
6 7
F 5E* 7?2?C8 5E*
3BA
$ &! 5 ?@G?2
-
5 A ) L
-
5 66
!
7?3?8 0 =E*
=E*
7?38 & 0
9 ?3 =E* 7?3:8 & 0 0 9 ?32 9 1 ?3:
7?3A8 7?3?@8 9 ?33 7?3?A8 7?3?:8
3BC
3H@
; 7?3?H8 =E* 7?38 7?338 Æ ) 7?3H8
! 7?3C8
* ?32
1 ?3C
0
1 ?3?@
7?3228
% ) (0 : "
N J
K &
9 1 7 8 $ .. 7 8 // :7 8 N .
7 8
N
1 4 :
/%
$ .. // N . / %
8
7
1
"
7 8 N ? 7 8 N 7 8 N
=E* 7
=E*8 7 8 78
=E*
7 8 7 8
@
N
?
JK N
3H?
1
7 8
7?3?8
=E*
=E* =E* 0 =E* 5 ? 7 7?2:6688 & '
78 N
7 8
B B B K
N J
?
8
7
?
7
8
7
8
7?38
J K $ . J K / J:K N .. //% N
J K
. N. .
8
7 8 7
7 D
8
8 $
7 8 / /
8 7 8
7
7
7
/%
8
7
8
78
@ 7 " 58 & 0 =E*
,
7 7= C?6688
N 7: 0 =E*
N
87
:
D
8
7?3?8 ) Æ =
7
8 5
0 =E* 9
1
"
) 2$ . "
!! " " 3 / - - : 72 A 8 #
N 2
1 N 8 O R R 1 + < < <(
N 7?8+7< R < R <( 8
7
3H
J/ 4 ?CBBK (
* 7?38
JK
N
7 8
N
?
7
A
?
A
7 8
?
A
A 8 N 7A 8 7A 8 N 7?A 8
A
7
7 R 8
7
2 N A
?
N
R
D
8
N2
8
" ) 5 E
N N N
? 5 ? 5 5
@ @ ? @ 5 # ? 5 ; 5 7 = ?3:8
JK
! !
N
N
N
N
N
5 ? 5 A A 8 ? ! ? A 5 5 7A 8
?
?
7
?
A ?
! 7 5 8 !" #
A 3 ? A 7A 8 ) ? A A A
7
8
#N
A
A ?
7 = ??H668
N N
<
N 7
#
A 8 J7A 8K <
N
N
N
*
3H2
1
1
A
?
1A
?
?
N
1A
R
R
R
J
A
7A 8K
A ?
?
A A J@7@8 @71A 8K
A ?
JK
)
1
1A ?
A J@7@8 @71A8K
A ) ? ? @71A 8 1 1 A A
N
N
R
=E* *
7 8
78 N
7 8
A N 7 8 7 = ?3?B8 " =E* 7 8
" 0 =E*
B A 8
7
7 8 N
7 8
=E* =E*
7 8 N 78 7 8 7 8
"
7?328
) 2# . * 5 *! & 0 =E* "
N
A A A
3H3
7
8
N
A
N
. 7?38
78
N
N
?
4 3
N
3
A
?
N
4
7 8
A
?
A
?
?
? ? A A A
?
7
8
B8 A
7
A 7 B8 ?
?
A A A ?
?
7
8
78
7B A 8 9 *&
, " * 5. %+ * 3 %+ 5 K
5 =E* 7
7 8
N
?
(
? ?
;
? 7?
;8 7
! 8
; R 8
; 8 7 R ; R 8 7?338
@ ; ? =E* * ?3? ; N @C 5 7@ ?8 ! 7@ ?8 ! 7 = ?3H8 L R
?
(
?
?
;
=E* 0 =E*
?
7?
3H:
7 8
3 2
0.4
1
0.2
0
−1
0 2
−2
0
2 −2
−2
−3
0
&' 9 " 0 * ?3?O
−2
0
2
&%' 1 " " 0 # " (
.
0
=E*
" 75E*8
7 8 N J K
& @ ? $ % "
8 7R R R8
7
N
@
N
?
5E*
7 R R R8
R * 5E*
78 N
#
! !
N N
!
7 8 7 8
N
: H
7 8
3HB
4
H
=E* 7 8 &
!
=E*
=E*
H
7?668 =E*
7 8
N
: 7 8 7!" 7"8 7"8 7"88 # !" # : 7 8 !" #
7?3:8
: 7 8 N ... : 7 8 .
7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7
7 7
7 7
; "
7 7 7 7
7 7
$ // // %
) 2 . * 5 * & : 7 8 H N 5: 5 " N 5
: :"
5 "
N N
5
?
5 "
4 7?3:8 7?38
7"8
N N
N
75 "8 75 8
?
7 8 78
?
7 8
55 8
7
7
?
8
75 "
"5
7
8 7
8
?
758
55 8 7" 5
7 1 ?H 8 ?H
8
55
H 75
8
0 5
1 = ?3A ?3?:
&
3HH
# ,- ) !
$$ J K $ .. // . J K / J:K N .... //%//% N .. //%
#
7?3B8
J K
$% $ %
J K " 7 8 1
J K N
7 7?A866 8
N
J7 8K
7 8 7 8
7?3H8
1
N ? &
N
7?3A8
J K
7?3C8
J K
N
N
:
7 8 N
N J K
7?3?@8
7?3?@8 = C &
8 7 8 7 88
N 77
7 = ?3?@8
N
7 8
7?3??8
3HA
&
N ? &
"
N
7
8
7?3?8
) . " .
! *! "
=E* #
4 2*5 "
=E*
)
J K N B 78 N A
& & Z N
?
#
Z D
"
7?3A8
N ?
Z J K N
7?3??8
?
J K N B
N ?
7
8
7 Z 8
N
N
N
7 8 ?
A A ?
D
B
7 Z 8 @ " =E* Z & L Z
B
B
%
3HC
" * ?3 7 ?8 & Z J K N B =E*
2
* +,-
* +,-
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
1
2 Z
3
1.5
1
0.5
0
4
0
1
&' 4 7
2 Z
3
4
&%' 4 77
* ?3O 9 =E* Z
* ; " 0! & & &
N
=E*
J
K
& & & 7 8
7?3?28
"
=E*
J& & & K N J& K J& K J& K
7?3?38
5 76 6 6 8 N
' 6 R 6 R R 6 8KK
JJ 7
7?3?:8
N
5 76 6 6 8 J' 76 R6 R R6 8K 7 8
3A@
&
7 = ?3?28
5 76 6 6 8 N 5 7685 768 5 76 8
" =E* *
7 8
5 76 6 6 8 6 6 6 J' 76 R 6 R R 6 8K
N
7?3?B8
"
5 76 6 6 8 6 ) ! * 7 8 6 N 6 N N 6 N @
D
7 = ?3?38
7 8 N
6 5 76!" 6 @ @ @8# J' 76 R68K 6
+
"
J& & & K
N
?
' & &&
"
: & & & 5 7 6 6 6 8 :6& :6& :6&
7?3?H8
) . . D * 5 %+ & J K : 72 8
J( ?CAK
5 78 N
?
6 6 6 K #
N J
@78 N
N
66JK
7?3?A8
%
3A?
JK N ( , N , N ? , )
) 7 " 58 " 7?3?H8 !
? : J K N ' :6 :6 @78 ?
5 L
: J7?8@7 8K :6 : J7?8@7 8K :6:6
N
N
:@ 7 8 ? @7 8 :6 ? ? :@7 8 :@7 8 3 :6 :6 @78 ? ? : @7 8 @7 8 :6 :6 ?
,
:@78 :6
N
JK :6
:66
N
,
@
:6
7?3?C8
7 7?3?A88
:6 JK R 6 :6
:6 JK 6
N
7?3@8
: @78 N : 66 JK :6:6 :6:6
: 66 :6
N N
:6 6 :6 R 6 :6 :6 6Æ R 6Æ
7?3?8
Æ < ? & N ' @ : 66 N Æ Æ R Æ Æ :6:6 Æ Æ ) ? 7+ 8 N 7' &8 ) @ Æ Æ ) ? 7+ 8 N 7& ' 8 ) @ : @78 :6:6 N ( R ( 7 7?3?8 JK N ( 8 N ( 7 N 8
4
3A
*
7?3?C8 7?3@8
J K
@7 8 : ? ' :6:6 @78 ? ? ' 7( 8 N ( N JK ?
N
N
?
+
!
! N
=E*
&&E +
5 768 N J7'6! 8K 7?3H8 7 8 N J'6 K 7 8
5 768
N
N
D
5 768
N
N
N
&&E
J7'6 8K
'6
7
'6 8
7 8
5 76 8
5 768K
J
7 8
5 768
=E*
78 N
5 768K 7'68 6
J
*
7?38
=E* &&E
5 ?: 1 = ?3?H ?3?A
1 " (0 1 CH =(* =E*
!
=(* $ % $% 4
3A2
=E*
6 % ) 5! # 1 HC
N
! 8 7 J K8 !W N J! K R 7 7 8
!
7?328
! 8 0 =E*
& 7
#
& -
!
! 7?328
,
!
! 8 7 J K8 !W J! K N 7 7 8 !
! 8 !W N 7 7 8
& ! ! J K W W J K
! ! ! R ? + N N N D
W N
Æ
7?338
Æ ! ) 7(198 N
J7 W8 K
$ N %
7?3:8
# & L
3A3
(19
: J7 8K :
N
N
: 7 : 8
7
8
7
L 8
N @
J K N
J K N
+
L
J K )
( N (
)
( N (
N ? )
'
( ( ( $ .. ( ( ( // .. . /% . ( (!" ( #
Æ )
&
#
7?3B8
&
( N J K
$ ( // .. ( /% N . (!"
$ // /% #
7?3H8
K
J
!
3A:
Æ )
"
) . ! / *! . 5
R
W N & : N J K
N ( 7?3H8 4 ( ( ( $ ? 2 ?2 $ N ( ( ( % N 2 ? 2 % ( ( ( ?2 2 ? Æ 2
Æ ?2 . 7?3H8 N ?2 ? 2 N 2 ? 2
,
N
?
?
N
7
28
2
2
?
2 ? 2
Æ D N A ( N ( N @ N N @ W N @ W N ! J K 1 = ?33 E
?
(19
"
N ? W N
& N ( ( N 7 87 8 4 W N J 7 87 8K
7 7?328 J K N J! K N @8 !
7?3H8
" )
7?3B8
N
)
J7 8 K J7 8 K
N
@
N
@
7?3A8
3AB
+ 7?3A8
*
J* K J* K
N
@
N
@
Æ
* N 7?3C8
=
7
= ?328 " 7?3C8
9 * ?32
W N
1
*
'
&%'
&'
* ?32O 0
R W ! W , * ?32 , ) * &
)
* *
7?32@8
7?3C8
!
!
4
7?32@8 )
J* K J* K
N
@
N
@
J! K N @
" 7?3C8
71
3AH
* 7 8
& . #$" ?@ ? @ ?@ $ % ! T 8
J! K N @
)
! 1 = ?3
7 "! ! ? ! % )+ 1 ??? 0
: 7
8
= 5
5
N 55
0 !
* !
N
? ,
"
: N 5 R
2
=E*
@ 2222
72 8
2
@ :CB2
: * ?33
7?32?8
?
? @ 5 N @BBBH @H3:3
# ?@@ !
$ ? 2 ?2 N 2 ? 2 % ? 2
!
O
@
@
$ %
@ H2@2
("+",
5) %/& /&%/& %/&/& %/& + O!5 # 5!.7 $3=A36 53#03 O3# $% $ , - ) +# O0 - & %
3AA
4
2 0
−2 −4 4 2 0
−2 −4
−2
−3
* ?33O /! 2
?
−1
1
0
2
3
0
9 % + ,- . ( "
7 8 78
T #
&
T
& T
"
N
7@
A 8 N R
&&E #
&
!$
O
! $
O
N N R
& N ? & N ?
& -
7U ! $ 8 =E*
! $
!$
7U !$ 8 =E*
#
7U ! $ 8 7U !$ 8 7?328 : N < 72 A 8
,
: N R < 7 A 8 4 N J K 4 7?328 ?
7
A 8
3AC
?
A
7
8 7 8
?
A 8
7
?
A
" ) )
7 8 7 8
A 8
? 7
9
R R
N
?
?
7?3228
J< ?CCAK
) 7?3228 &
" $E5 %
& N ? @ 7?3228
@
N
?
?
4
N @: A
N ?
* ?3: * ?3:
3
3
2
2
1
1
3C@
0
0
−1
−1
−2
−2
−3
0
20
40
60
:'.
80
−3
100
0
20
&' , "
40
60
80
:'.
100
&%' " -( "
* ?3:O / 1
N N @:
&&E 0
" ?@@
L 7?
* ?3B
*
N ?@
?@ * ?3:
7? ?@8
"
N @:
0.5
0
:'
signal plus noise
0.5
:'
&
1
noise only
−0.5 −1
0.4 signal plus noise 0.3 0.2 0.1
−1.5 −2
8
D
0
20
40
60
80
!" ' . &' /
100
0 70
noise only
75
80
85
90
!" ' .
95
&%' @-" / 7 77
* ?3BO F
100
3C?
7 9 ?338 # J K N @ J K N N @: N @:
7 = ?3B8
% < 1
& $ $ 8 * =
4 9
5L D; ?CCA
( /;
! # $
; # D
?CA / / E 4
; # D
6 7 6/97
&
! N R R
N
..
?
$ // %
?CBB
: 7 8
2
N
$ ? ? ?3 ? ? ? %
? 3
6/97
?
?
!
K 72 A 8 J R 1 K
& J
D
A N ?
1 N ?
67
! N R R : 72 8 4O . D =E* C
* =E*
9 ?3?
6/7
" T
C:M
?' :M Æ 7 ?'
$ %8
2
7 8 &
3C
? ?' 6 4O
=E*
67
5 5
1
)
6 7 6/7
;
"
2@8
7?:@
( 6 7
5
& 3
?:@ 6
= =E* 7?338
?8 =E*
7@
4O .
0 =E*
$ 6 7 " : 72 8 : ? H N 5: 5
& : 5 7 8 N H .
5 78 N J7' H8K N J7' 5:8K N J7' 75 8 :8K ,
H 72 55 8
! N R R : 72 8 N 7A A A 8 =E* ! 4O 1 = ?3A 2 67 1 N 7 8
# 6 7 67
67
&
1 ! &&E
7? 8 & N ? E
7? 8
=E*
&
6 7 6/97 N ?
"
? : JK N B 7 8 N &A
:
B
6
E 5
4 5 76 6 6 8 N 5 768 6 7 = 5 76 6 @ @ @8 N 5 76 6 8
6 7
=
6 7
&
3C2
: 7
8
: ?
578 N ' ?
=E*
72 8
H N 5: 5
75 55 8
#
8 : ? 7B A 8 4O 9 =E* ! N : ? ! &
6 7
=
: 7
=E*
( 67
" = ?3?:
=
C
7@ ?8 & N ? &&E 4O
N ? (
?
(
?
( " ??? $ 6 7 = 728 &&E
9 =E* 4O 1 ???
# 6 7 6/97
*
!
?8
7@
N
7
?8
&&E 9 =E* !
0 =E* 1 1 ?::
2 6/7
L ?@@
< < <
?8 7?@@ ?@8 7?@@ :8
7?@@
&
6
3C3
6 7 67
& 2
?
!
N
N
2
?
2
?
2
$ %
N ?
5 ! N " 7 ! 8 ! W N E 7 !
6 7
! (198 9
67
& 2
?
: !
? ; ; $ N ; ? ; %
; ; ? # N @6 4O 5 * N ; 67 6 97 9 (19 W N R N 7 8 N 7 8 N ( ( (
D (19 9 ?3B
6 7 67 . ! : 9 ?3B
! *
(19 = ?33
6/7
* 1 ?3C
?
( 67
3C:
0 ?@@@ !
$
?8 $
7@
L
D
8 # 6 9
Z N 7?
?8
7@ :
3CB
(
# # &! 1
=(* =E*
"
=(*'=E* ' &
=(*'=E* &
'
) *
&
G
&&E
5
)
?3
"
) ! &&E 0
* J/ ?CH2K J, E ?CAHK
3CH
3CA
# !
,
1 ?:3 ! ?:3?
&&E 1 ?::
=E* 0 =E* *
&&E
0 =E* ! ?::? 7?:B8 * &&E 5E* 0 5E* ?:: 7?:C8 1 ?:B " C:M 7?:?38 &
,7 8
# " - ! 1
&
"
N
7? R 8
#
N
N
9
? R ? ?R ? ?
?
* ?:?
? ? Æ
?
? N
&
? ?
L ?
3CC
2 1.8
N @A:
1.6 1.4
1.2
N @:
1
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
0
20
40
60
80
100
* ?:?O 5 ?
@?
* N @: :H
?@
N @A: * ?:? ) 7 8 # ? ? ) 7 N @CCC8 1 7 ? ?8 7 68
#
# 3 / 3 $! #
) ?'
?'
&
) ?
* ) 1 3B8
N
#
, 7
&
?
@
:@@
#
K
J
#
=(*
J K N )
&
:
N
&&E
N@
N?
,
* )
N ?
Z
7?:?8
5 ?3
#
D Z
JZ K
N
N
N
N
7 Z 8
N
?
?
?
?
?
J K J K
?
7 8 7 8 7 8 N 7 8 , , ,7 8 7 8 N 7? 8 1 N ? 7? 8 Z 8 N 7 ? @ N 3 N
?
:@?
=(* Z
! 1
7 Z 8 N
0
1
Z JZ K
Z J Z K N ? & L Z &
=(*
?'
&&E ,
/ N
?
=(*
; J K N ?
N @ ? Z Z Z =(* N 7? 8 N /
0 N N @ ?
=(*
? ( J0 K N 0
0 N U N @ ?
* ?:
, Z
J@ ?K @:
7?:8
=(*
D
?'
"
J@ 3: @ ::K @3B?
N ?@ @3?:2 N 2@ @HAH N ?@@ =(* . 5E*
0 N @:
7 = ?:?8 " =(* 0
?' , $
%
,
?'
"
* ?:2 !
Z
Z
#
:@
0.15
0.2
0.2
0.2
( J0 K
0.25
( J0 K
0.25
( J0 K
0.25
0.15
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.05
0
0.2
0.4
0
0.6
0.8
1
0
0
0.2
&' 4 7
0.4
0
0.6
0.8
0
1
0.2
&%' 4 )7
N ?
0.4
0
0.6
0.8
1
' 4 77
* ?:O =(*
0
&&E ,
& )
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
Z
0
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
0
100
200
300
400
* ?:2O /!
N ?
500
&&E ,
Z ? N J K
7?:28
) ( ,
Z N J K
Z )
D
:@2
J
K N
?
J K
8
7?
J K 7 = ?:B8
"
!
&
&&E
* J K 7 8 N A Z N J K - 6/ 3 8!7 = O 5
*
*
Z J K * N Z JZ K * Z 8 N A 1 7 5 ) 7 1 ??A8
Z J K *
*
7 Z 8
N
A *
Z J K *
A N @ *
1 ) !
Z J K * N @
7?:38
J K * 7 Z & J K
7?:38 8
Z
J0 1! @@?K
:@3
*3 !! " 0 / *3 / * ?:2 ! 7?:38
!
* 4 *
!
4
L
) ) 7 8
* .
.
*
* 7 * ?:?8
J0 1! @@?K
1
= ?:A
#
) . % 5 *! /
5 ?3
$
7
A 8 & N ?
1 &&E
Z J K N 8
&
* ?3B
N @: 7
+ *&
& $ 7@ 8 Z " &&E Z 7
=E* G = ?:28
## " 3 ,
=(*'=E*
=(*'=E* 4
=E*
:@:
&&E 7? ?8
) .
"
%+ % 7? ?8 *!
5
/ N
&&E 7? ?8 & N / N R =E* /
1 ?B
; 78 N 78 9 78 N
708 7 080
9 708 7 08 0 * ?:3 708 7 08 ! * ?:3 =E* / * ?:3
(
7?3668
7 08
708 ?R
0
; 78
?
?
?
&%' ( # "/ ( "
&' 1 ?# " # "? %( "
* ?:3O E =E*
; 78
N N
5 768 7'68 6 78 9 7!"8 9 9 78#
; 78 ; 78 78 78 9 78 9 78 ; 78 N 78 9 78 ; 78 N ; 708 7 080 4
:@B
78 N 78
; 78 N
; 708 70 80
?
0
; 7 8 L
70 8
* ?:: 4 * ?::
0
?
?
&' )3 3
0
?
?
&%' 3 3
0 ?
' 3 )3
* ?::O E
; 78
N
N
; 78
N
N
; 78
N
N
?
R 2 R CA
; 708 ?0
?
? ?
; 708 ?0
2 C R A
?
2
; 708 ?0
R 23
2 ?
; 78 N @ * ?:B =E* 2?8 D # 0 ; 78 7 7 8 N 7 8 ? 7 8 7 8 N ??8 & ! / ?
7@
" ("+", =E*
! 7@ ?8 " ?:" &
1
:@H
=E*
0.9
0.8
7@
2?8
; 78
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 −2
* ?:BO
=E* 2 &&E 7? ?8 0 −1.5
−1
−0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
=E* "
?8 =E* D =E* J/ K N J K N 7/ 8 N 7 8 N ? , * ?:H
7@
=E*
=E*
.
& @ ?
.
/ 1 HC
/( J/ K N /( J K 7/ 8 7 8 ,
7?::8
!
?8 " * ?:A 7@ ?8 N 2 3
7@
*& . * *& & L , &&E =E* 0
=E*
1 O
= 7 1 ?:B8 J# < ,
=E*
?CCBK
:@A
PDF for SN
PDF for SN
1
1 N=2
0.8
N=4
0.8
pS
0.6
pS
0.6 0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
2
4
6 x
8
10
0
12
0
2
4
&'
6 x
8
10
12
8
10
12
&%'
PDF for S
PDF for S
N
N
1
1 N=8
0.8
N = 12
0.8
pS
0.6
pS
0.6 0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
2
4
6 x
8
10
12
' * ?:HO =E*
0
0
2
4
&'
&&E 7@ ?8
" ?:"
D ! J( ?CB@K
1 L J. ?CH:K
< J* / ?CB:K
9 J4 ?CACK
#
6 x
:@C
0.5 0.45
0.4
=E*
0.35
0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
&&E 7@ ?8
* ?:AO =E* !
- 6 - *!7
* J K 7 8 / N /( J/ K N ( J K 7@ ?8 7?:B8
/ 8
7 8
7
" *& . [78 ? / J / K ? N [78 ( 7
/ 8
7?:H8
" ?:,
"
) . *! + #
%+ 1 7@ ?8
7@ ?8 & N ?
D =E*
!
! N
=E*
C
=E*
7
68
)
C &&E
=E* ! 7?:B8
(
J K 7@ ?8 7 8
:?@
C J K N ? 7 8 N 7 1 ?@:B66 ??? C N \7 ?8 =E*8
,
D
=E*
! N
* ?:C
7
?8
7@
7 8
=E* 7
8 =E*
8
C
0.08
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0
20
40
60
80
&' 4 7 *
+,-
0.05
+,-
0.1
!
7
8 &
0
?:CO
C
=E*
8 7 8
7
0
0
20
40
60
80
&%' 4 +7
7 8
0 =E*
* !
C ! 0
=E* 7 1 ??H = ?:?H8 # )
) ( . - !! .
:??
&&E 728 & N ? 7 1 ?@:B668 4 ! N 9 =E* & 7?:A8 78 N @ ! 728 @@ & 2 2 728 ?2 ?2 & J! ?@K 7?:A8 2 N ? / 9 =E* =E*
J! ?@K N
,
?8P ?
7
N
N
P
7 ?8P 7 8
P ?@
?
7
7 8
N P 78
7 8
J0 /! ?CC3K
J! ?@K
?8P
7?@8
P
! 72 2 8 N 7 8 W J! ?@K N @ ?@ W "
* ?:?@
* &&E
&&E ,7 8
; J K N 7? 8
4
#
5
=(*
N @ ? ?
=(*
*
=(* !
/( J/ K N (/ 7/ 8 7? 8
:?
1 0.9 0.8
+""%
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
* ?:?@O 9
! ?@ 9
0
N ? D
=(* ! =(* * ?:??
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.2
+5-
0.3
+5-
0.3
+5-
0.3
0.2
0.15
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.05
0 −5
0
5
0 −5
0
&' 4 7
5
0 −5
0
&%' 4 )7
' 4 77
* ?:??O =(* ! =(* $ %
N ?
0 !
(
( 3
7? 8 4 N
N @ ?
5E*
5
* ?:? D
1.2
:?2
5E*
1.2
0.8
@,-
1
@,-
1
@,-
1
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0 −5
0
0 −5
5
0
&' 4 7
0 −5
5
&%' 4 )7
0
5
' 4 77
* ?:?O 5E* !
N ?
?8 4
7@
5E*
5E* &
/( J/ K 7/ 8
?
*#7
N [78
?
# !
* J K 7 8 / N ? ? / J/ K N [78 ( 7?:C8 - 6 - *!7
7
"
/ 8
) $ . ! !! "
! 7 ?8 =(* J ! K "
J ! K N
?
7?:?@8
:?3
"
J ! K
N
( !( ( 3 3 3
( [ ( [ 7 7?@:8668 3 3
!( 7? 8 3 ! N ? * 3C@ :?@ N ?@@@ (!
J3C@ ! :?@K
[
N
?
N
?
N
:?@ :@@
@
[
3C@ :@@
:@ ?@
@
:@ ?@
:@
?
@
N @ 3HC
7 = ?:3
:@
? N @3C22
8
:?@ :K
7?:??8
"
7?:?@8
J3C@ ! :?@K N J3AC: !
:@?@
J3C@ !
:?@K
5E* 0 5E* 5E* * ?:? ,
0
0 5E* #
J3AC: !
:?@ :K
N
3AC: :@@
@ :@ @3C23
@
:?@: :@@
:@
) P
:?:
#* % +/ ,- . 5 " )
. 1
*
"
, & H:M
" :M
, . T
!
. 1 C3@@@@@@ " P " ?@@@ 4 H:M
2M
!
"6
G H:M
4 H:M
"
HM HAM
" 9
"
"
#
4
) 4
+
6 -
6 #
@ 4 N ?@@@ ? W N @ ?@@@ ?@@@ ?
-
7? 8 N @ ? ?@@@ * ?:?2 N @H: W
J W N ?@@@K N
! D
?@@@
N @H: C:M W
W N @ H:
& * ?:?2
?@@@
7@ H:8 7@ :8
!"
"
#
N @ C:
7?:?8
:?B
N H3 N HHB
W N @ H3 W N @ HHB 4
0.03
0.025
+5-
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0 0.7
0.72
W
0.74
* ?:?2O =(*
0.76
0.78
0.8
N @H:
C:M
C:M 7
8 W
"
?@@@
J@ H3 @ HHBK
N @H: @@B W R @@B
#
C:M
R @@B W @@B
W @@B W R @@B
J W @ @B WR@ @BK C:M
-
N @H: C:M ("+",
"
@C:
N @H:
# :@
:
&
7?:?8 7 8 ,7 8
1 W N
* ?:?3 * :@
D 2
&&E
&
?::
W J WK ( 7 W8
N [7 8
[7
8
:?H
0.9
@?
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0
10
20
30
40
"
* ?:?3O C:M
50
N @H:
WK N J ,7 8 J K N 7 8 N 7? 8 N 7? 8 D
N
7 W8 N
( W N [78 [78 7? 8 * C:M [78 [78 N @C: N ?CB 4 W ?CB ?CB ( 7? 8
)
W ?CB
Æ
)
7? 8 W R ?CB 7? 8
7?:?28
W #
) ) W7? W8 W7? W8 W ?CB W R ?CB 7?:?38 " 7? 8 N ?
. 4
W
:?A
7 = ?::8 &
)
)
W ?CB 7? 8 N W ?CB ?3 W ? & J W ? W R ? K C:M & ? *
" $%
"
# 7
8 " H:@ ?@@@ $% W N H:@?@@@ N @H: ? 2M 4
$%8 7 $ %8 7
H:M
"
2M 7= ?@@@
C: ?@@ M J?@@ W 2 ?@@ W R 2K M8
?@@
3444 ! & 6 5 ?@@@ # C3@@@@@@
" = 7?@@@ 8 . 1
% , D
=; /" E
$8 #
1F
?CAH
0 &1 &( /! " = D
0 0 E 1! . = D
$ * 9
?CC3
9 -
@@?
& $ $ # < &
4 "5
5 . = D
?CAC
! $ ( 0
( E D
?CB@
4
:?C
7 $ ! ; # D
/ 5/
?CH2
& $
/ *
( 0
4 D
?CB: . /;
' $ ( 0
4 D
?CH:
! $ * ! 1 = 5" ?CCB
# 4* ;" < ,E ,
* =(* 7?:8 5E* N ?@ N 2@ N ?@@ # 5E* 6 67 & 7? ?8 & N ? &&E ! 1 !
67
6/97
7@ 8 & N ? &&E 38 & N ? &&E &
+
7?
6
&&E 6 &
6 7 6/7 &
5
K N @ 7 8 N ?
J
&&E ! N 3
6 5
3 N ? 3
6
" N R N 2 N &&E J N ?K N J N R?K N ? # 6
6/7
6/7
8 .
7?
6
( 6 7 6/7
& N ? &&E 8 6
&
7?
$ 6 97
&
L )
:@
5 )
! N R 0 @? &&E =E* 7@ ?8 078 = J! *K @
J! *K
N
J! * @?K J @?K R J! * @?K J @?K
! @ D )
N ? @@ 3 ! ! ! ! 9 ! $ % J@ @K D B ! ?@
! # ! 6
# 6/7
?@@@ ?@ E
L
" ?@
7 8
2 6/7
5 )
6/7
?@2@ 6
&&E E 4
& ?@@
6
6 5 9
&
=E* 06 4O 5 \7 ???
67
* =E*
73 A8
6 7 67
67
!
&&E
!
N
* =E*
7? 28
*
&&E
=E*
78 N
28
N
&&E
! N
?
@
@
H
67
:?
(
" ?:"
=E*
78 N
! 7
8
@
@
?
67
.
" ?:"
=E*
?8
7@
D
=E*
78 N
?
3
@
@
# =E* 0 =E*
( 6 7
&
=E*
=E*
!
C
6
C 0
5 768 N 7? ?'68
??? D !
8 N !( J! K 7! 8 C 1 8 ( 7'6 8 ( 5% 768 N 7? '6 8 * 5% 76 8 ? 7? 8 5% 76 8 6
$ 6/7
"
9
!
" ?@@
7@
@?8 '
: ' 6 &
6
# 6 7 67
7@ ?8
?'
4
&&E
@@? @CC6
:
2 6 7 6/7
"
2 H ! & 3@@@
?:@@@ 6
6/7
" L H:M & ?B@
67 6/7
6 7 6/7
*
?:
6 =E*
&&E
=E* 0 =E* 6
" ?@@@ H:@
&
6
697
7?:??8
9
?
J K N
7 ?8 7 R ?8 ? ?78728 7 8
N
J K N
&
7 8
7 8
78
D
J K
5
7?:??8 # 6
67
&
6 7 6/7
?M
#
6 "
L " ?@@ ?
)
"
3@ ?
2@ & L 6 4O * 7 7?:?388
( ! =! , ! ! > ! 4:B ! FH< < >>: ? R! , 4:B - ? ! ? =! ? , , ? =! ! 4:B FH< < ! ?7 , H )*+# HI ? )
HI,! 7 HI %*0 7 , 4:B )"+ ? ? - ! HF-,! <% ? ;,! ? ? ,!
;*'(;*,!HI
HF; HF; "HI 0HI;* 0 HF <% , ) < + ,! , :2
:3
##
7 #HF#
#4:B FH<#
0< D #< %# ! ! ? &< )"*+ ? ? - ! HF)HF-,! + ,-,!HF ;,! ? ,!
;*' ,; ,; "HI 0HF;* 0 HF, <& % HF
, ) < +
##
7 #HF#
#4:B FH<#
0< D )#< # % +
# &
5 !
8 N /( J K 7 8 / N &&E , 8
5% 768
% J7'68 8K J K ( N '6 7 8 J K N '6 ( 7 8 J K N '6 ( 7 8 7 8 J K N '6 ( 7 8 7 8 , 7 8 N 7 = :8
P
N
'6 ( J K 7 8 ::
:B
N
N
N
$ 7'68 J K % (
P 7 8 $ 7'68 ( J K %
P 7 8 $ J K J K ? % R J17 8K ( ? R '6 R 7'6 8 (
7 8
7 8
17 8 , (J K J K N @ J K N ( 7 8 7 8 $ J K8 K ? ( J K % N J7 7 N 8 7 8
6 ? R J17 8K
5% 768 N 17 8 $ J K 7'6 8 % R 17 8 N 2P ( 7 8
N
?
$
'68 ( J K % R 2P 7 8
7
67 8
4
5% 768 6 5% 768 ? ? 7 = :?:8 6 N 5% 76 8 8 7@ ?8 1 8 8 7 1 ??H8 =E* 8 =E* 8 % 7)8 % 7)8 N ? ? )
* ,
, ' < : H I
"
P
PW
9
^
"
/
< ! 8
)
PJ K
P
P P P " K J!K J
8
&' & !
"
,
P
P
)
! 8
P 7
P7
P
P,7 8
( C
!
P
P
?
:
P
B A
# 7 ^ 8 # 7 ^ 8
Æ ÆJK PÆ PS
! H
B
H
^
P 7 8
A
^
E ) <
8
P7
8
P7
=E*
P
P
P
&
P
F JK P J K P J7 J K8 K P JK P JK P JK P JK P J! K P J! K P J! K
=(* =E*
=(* =E* 7
=(*
! 8
J K =E* 7 8
=(*
G ) P
) P P P7 8 ) 7 ?8 7 R ?8 P P 78
P 78 P 7 8
! P 7 8 P 7 8
! N
P
*
P
78 P P\78
*
P 78
78
0
P 7 8
P 78
7
:
2
&7 8
P
#78
P
P
'
P
7 '( P 7 7 P 7
?
;
J
P
)
P
"
P
P
Æ
B A 8 7 8 P 7
B A
P
P
P
9
N 7 8 ) N 77 8
;
P
B
2 = J K 7=(*8 P J K =(* 7 J&K J' K8 P J K =(* ! P J K =(* P JK P J K =(* P J K
=(* ! N P J K
=(* P J& ' K =(* ! P J' &K
=(* ! N P 78 7=E*8 P 7 8 =E* ! P 7 8 =E* P 78 7 8 P 7 8
=E* ! N P J K P
P= 7 8 P
7 7 7 8
G
JK
3
7G 8
JK ! JK 7 8 7 8 P5 76 8
P5 76 6 8 ! P5 76 6 8 P[78
7@ ?8 P;
Æ ! P@78 7@ ?8 P@ 708 7@ ?8 0 J K JK 7H 8 7 8 J K
JK ! JK 7H 8
7 8 ! 7 8 P1 1 P1 9
/7 8
P
P
!
P
P
P
P
P
A JK
P
P 7 8
7 8
7N ?
P
P
8
P 7 P
0 0
@ N ? @8
P J K
P 7 8
P7
P7
=(*
8 ! 8 7! 8 P P P
8
7
=E*
J K 78
!
:
JK JK 7 8 7 8 Z P PZ P
!
!
Z
8 7 8 : ! N ) )
: P P
7
! 7 N 8 PZ P
$ $
2
!
"5* "/
"/7 8
55*
P5E*
5#0D
E5
7 8
E*
*
**
*
*&/
&&E
&&/
0
+=5
+1
)
+19
)
+1&
("
((19
)
P(19
)
--<
L
P=(*
P=E*
=0
B
=/D
=1E
P1D/
E+
7 *&/8
E
#0D
0
#11
" !
H
A
( &
&
*
JD E ?CHHK J0 ?CBCK
" (< 5
K
J +
N
!
J K N
"
& N ? U ' N ? " ? !
? ! ? &
( N 1
& N ?
7& ' 8
N
( N
& N ? U ' N ?
F
C
?@
N K
J
"
N
N
N
" )
) )
N N
&
" )
) N ! ! ? ! ? N ) 78 &
7
8 N
$
$ N 7?8 %
% , $ D
& & N ? 78 " ) 8 N @
7
@
"
@N
& )
N
)
N J K
@ N )
@
N
" )
-
- @ N @
& )
N 2
#
"
??
"
N 9 $%
I I 7 8 7 I 8 7 I 8 7 8
"
N @ & N ' 7 8 ! & N ' / " "
)
@ .. @ N .
@ "
$ // /%
@ @
@
8
7
8 " )
N @ & N ? 7
N
* 7
N
8
N
@ ?
& N '
& N '
- $ %
? "
" N
?
$ . // " N . . /%
" - ! 0! 1 ! *
8 78 7 8 7(8 78 7
7
N N N N N
8
N
8 78 ( 78 7( 8 78 78 7
? 7
8
" 7 8 7
8
N
& )
)
N
)
K
J
78
N 7?8
%
%
,
=
* "
N
N
R R
R R
) *
?2 -
N
N
?
75,?8
@ .. @ . @
@ @
@
$ // /%
75,8
" (< @<A 1 78 O
&
&8 &
" )
7
&
7 8 78 ! 7 8 ! 7 8
"# , * 2* 2 2 "
)
*
?
N
75,28
2 2 -
) 7 28* N
28 N @
7
2
*
& ! &
* * N ?
) "
?3
? &
& N '
* * N ?
& N '
* *
N @
&
7 8 7 8 75,28
* *
N
2 * 2 * 2 *
' N 'J
' J &
*
7 75,?8 75,88
N N
75,38
* 72 2 2 8 * *
'
75,38
"
'
N 'J'
"
N N
' J ' 'J '
% 0 *"
# ! $ #
, 5" ?CBC D , E ;# 5L D; ?CHH
! 7 !
= 4 & 9
$
?:
?B
%
% D O * !
L
!
##
##
&
) "
!
7 " "8
-
O U O
U U U U
(
2
U O ? ?
J N CK N @@:2H ? @CCH2 S N @@@?
-
W J!
!
O
!
$
N @ :@?U N ? 7
N @K N @ H3C@ W J
) N ?@@@8
N ?K N @ :?@ 7
W J? ?K N @BAB2U @@? J? ?K N @BA:? 7) N ?@@@@8
) N ?@@@8 N ?@@3U N ? 7) N ?@@@8 ?2A? 7) N ?@@@8 ?H
S N
?A
U O
) N ?@@@8
N @ B:ACU O
N
@ H?: 7
-
N O ? " N O " N O N " N O ?
" N O " N O ? ( N ? 2 " N 3 : $ N ? 2 % N 3 : B 2 " $ N 7 " $ 8 " $ N 7 " $ 8
?@ ?
7 8 7 8
7
8
N
O 2@ ?@@
$
J2@ ?@@K N O 3@ $ 7 8
B@ N O 3@ :@ B@ H@ N ?@@ N O 3@ B@ N O B@ H@
"
"
?' ?' B'2B 3'2B
N ? W N @:@A@ 7) N ?@@@8 2 ?2 ? @ ?:B ?@2B
(
C@ ?B
BHB@@@
$
@@@?A2
2
N ?B
3
#
N B
3A
?2
T 3
?C
J C:K N @33@H W J C:K N @332@ 7) N ?@@@8
#
-
?'3
?'3
(
@:2 @23
@:
#
@@2
3
@@32C
$
:'?B
J K N 7 ?87? 8 N 2
$
2
2'B3
?B:':?
-
N
@
$
@ CC
JK N
N @ N ? N 3 N C
? 3 N 7? 8
? 3 C
@
" N :@2?@
5 B
?@@@8
J:K N @@@C W J:K N @@@2? 7 = 8
2 N : 7) N
@
J N 2K N @@B?2 W J N 2K N @@B@H 7) N ?@@@@8 J K N 7282 P N @ 3 J K N ?: N ? 2 3 :
$
@32H:
A BA
$ 2
?@
-
C'
'2
$
=(*
$
8 ? N N J K N ?A N 3HB3 N @H232 N @H2H? 7) N ?@@@@8 2 R 2
J K J K 7?8 5 768 N 7'685 768 7? R 76 8 R 76 88:
N ?' N 2'3 U N @:@@@
2 (
7
) N ?@@@8
N @H:@@ 7
- (
78 78 78 78 7? ?@8 7: ?8 7: ?@8 7?@ ?8 7?@ :8
78 78 N 7? :8
N
7@ @8 ??33 77&& '' 88 N N 7? ?8 J& ' K N ?3 7& ' 8 N 7? ?8
$
? 3
2
?':
7
& ' 8 N 7 @8
?
J&K N 7? 8 & N ? J' K J@ @K N ?3 J@ ?K N @ J? @K N ?A J? ?K N :A
#
(
7?@ ?8 ! 7?? ?8 % J@K N ?3 % J?K N ? % JK N ?3
?'A
(
@
$
2'
2
(19 N
?: B3
J! K N :A (19 N 7! 8 N
! N 7??:8 R 2 (19 ! 87? ; 8 N H2@ W N @?@B27 R ?B3B ( ;$% N F7F R ?8 F N J K J K
= HH
(19 N W
N
7
$ #
J@ @K N @??C@ J@ ?K N @?2?@ J? @K N @3?@ J? ?K N @:@C@ 7) N ?@@@8 ; N :?: N @?3C@ ;W N @?3CH 7) N ?@@@@@8
- $
J' @K N ? ' N @ J' ?K N ?B ' N ? 2 3 : B J! N ?K N ??
J' @K N ?2 ' N @ N 2 ' N ? J' ?K N 2 ' N @ N ?2 ' N ? J&@K N ?2 & N @ N 2 & N ? J&?K N 2 & N @ N ?2 & N ?
$
J' &K N ?: ' N @ ? 2 3U & N ? J&' K N ? & N ? U ' N @ ? 2 3
@3:2:
J @KN @ ? @ N ? @ ? J ? K N ? @ ? N ? @ ? J K N @ ? @ N ? @ ? 7 =(* J @K N ? ? N @ ? J ?K N ? ? N @ ?
( $ 2
% J K N J K J' K R J K J' K J! @K N @ J! ?K N ? J! K N ? 7! @8 N @ 7! ?8 N ?3 7! 8 N 2 W N @ N ? ! W N ? N @ ! W N @ N ? O ! W N ?3 N ? @ ? O ! J! @K N @:@3 J! ?K N @BBHH 7) N ?@@@@8
- #
@@:BH
8 2 JZ K N J K 7Z 8 N 7 8
7
(
N
?
3
8 N @
7
2
N
2
2
B
@33 N U 7! 8 N H?ACA 7! 8 N A?@ @33 @C@:B ( ( 2 ( (: N 2 : 3@BC2 @CCCB W 7) N ?@@@8 N @CCCB 2C2@@ @ C@:B
2
- 2
?'A@
3 @ 3 @ 3 R 3 N ?
@@:
0O @@@?2 + O @@@H
(
N @2C2
78 N ? R 7?8 78
78 N [ - 2
$
AM
2
.1
( ?3
#
2
78 N
&
N @@C@
2 ?8 K ? ?
J 7
@
78 N 78 R 78
78 N
&
?
@
@
7 8 N
(
-
J K J? ?K J? ?K J? ?K J? ?K
7? 7?
88
N N N N N
78 7?8 ?
7?8 7?8
7?8 ?
3
H'B
2 C?
@?2:2
#
@@@HA
(
(
J K N ? J K N 2 J7 8K N @ J 7 8K N ? A A N :@3 N ACB J K N 2BA R B J7 B8 K N @ J K N @ J K N P Æ7 B8 ( 7 8
J K N ?:22 J K N ?:2AU
( 2 $
?@@@8
8 N @3C 7 8 N @3BC 7) N
7
-
H'?B
?'3
N 3 J R ! ?K W N 2??3@ 7) N ?@@@@8
(
?'3
2
N @?C W N @?AH 7) N ?@@@@8
@
78 N @ ? ! !
78 N 7? 8 @ ?
:
@
$
@ @ @ @ 3 7 8 N @ 3 @ 3 ? 3
7?
2
788
@78 JK N ? 78 N @AB3B W JK N @AH2@ 7) N ?@@@8 8 8 7B A 8 7B$ A$ % %
$
8
7
8
:
2
N
N
A
:
:
?3
( 5N
@7?8
-
( N ? 78 N 787? 788 @ @ $ 7 8 N ? @ @ ?U 78 N @ ? 2 78 N ? @ @ ?U 78 N ?7? 8 ? @ ?
B
N J @ N K 7 8 N J K @7?8 1
?'
.
.
J R ! K N J! K R J R ! N :@K N J R ! N H:K N A3:H
HH 3:
-
J! K N B 7! 8 N ??
?'?B
#
!
#
A R A R A8 Z 8 A 7 J! K N @ 7! 8 N ? W N H: N A?: N @:222 2 N @:3@H 7) N :@@@8 7@
-
3 N @ 3 N ?
(
!
2
! 7@@@ ?@@@28 N ::C ? @7HHHA8 @
0 $ %
C:M J@ H2 @ HHHK
C:M J@ BC @ C?K
#
?
J@ 3H @ H2K 5 L @H