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K^TRODUCTORY
SYRIAC METHOD AND MANUAL
BY
EGBERT DICK WI...
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GIFT OF
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K^TRODUCTORY
SYRIAC METHOD AND MANUAL
BY
EGBERT DICK WILSON,
Ph.D.
PROFKSSOK OF OLD TESTAMENT LANGUAGES AND HISTORY IN THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ALLEGHENY, PA.
NEW YORK CHARLES SCRTBNER'S SONS 1891
Copyright,
1891,
bt
ROBERT DICK WILSON.
V Press of J. J. Little & Co. Astor Place, New York
TO
MY BELOVED PARENTS THIS WORK IS
RESPECTFULLY AND GRATEFULLY
DEDICATED
M.
M /-^ J"*' /^
PREFACE. The
plan of this
Method and Manual *'
as that of the corresponding Introductory Manual " of Professor W. K. Harper, Ph. D. may be in place by way of explanation.
The
first
is
in general the
same
Hebrew Method and The following notes
four chapters of Genesis (which are copied with yaria-
from Nestle's ^'Syriac Grammar") are chosen because they afford the best means of comparison with the Hebrew of Pro-
tions
fessor Harper's '^Manual." The selections from the 10th to the
32d page, inclusive, lead
up gradually from more easy to more difficult portions of the Peshito version. The last selection is the introductory portion of the history of Rabban Soma, possessed in manuscript by the author and never before published. Being printed in the Nestorian alphabet,
it
will
be useful as an introduction to the East
For assistance in reading this selection Syriac system of writing. the reader is referred especially to the note under Section I., Article 6, and to Article
The
*'
'"
Elements." Notes and Observations" need no remark, except that 6. 6.
of the
all of the main principles of Syriac grammar, while the former give all explanations necessary for a full understanding of the orthography, etymology, and syntax of the text.
the latter contain
The " Grammar Lessons "
carry the student over
all
the articles
*'
Elements of Syriac Grammar," with reviews of the same. The ^'Word Lessons" contain only such words as are not in the " '' Exercises are largely based. verses of Genesis, upon which the of the
When the grammar lesson has been upon a certain subject, the word lesson gives such words as throw light upon it e. g., in Lesson XL the grammar lesson is on Lomadh Olaph verbs; the word lesson consists largely of Lomadh Olaph verbs. The vocabu" Word Lists " on lary thus learned can be enlarged from the pp. ;
PREFACE.
VI
The "
'^
are based upon the text of Genesis and upon the grammar and word lessons. They will be found, it is hoped, an excellent means of fixing in the memory the princiThe *' Exples of grammar and the words of most common use.
134-147.
ercises''
Exercises
can be supplemented by the transliteration of Genesis I., literal translation of Genesis I. -IV., found at the end
and by the
of the volume.
TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE
Chrestomathy
1- 36
Genesis I.-IV
Psalm
1-
9
10
II
Jonah
11- 15
,
Malachi
16-21
Matthew XXVI.-XXVIII
22-33
Selection
from Rabban Soma
33- 36
Glossary
Manual
37- 55
Part
Lesson
56-123
1
Genesis
I
56- 58
I.
1
2
58-62
Lesson II
Genesis
I.
Lesson III
Genesis
I. 3,
Lesson IV
Genesis
4
62-66
I.
6-8
66-70
Genesis
I.
9-13
70-75
Lesson VI
Genesis
I.
14-16
75-79
Lesson VII
Genesis
I.
17-23
79-83
Lesson VIII
Genesis
I.
24-31
Lesson IX
Genesis
II.
1-8
83-87 87-91
Genesis
II.
9-15
91-95
Lesson
Lesson
V
X
Lesson XI
Genesis 11 16-20
95- 99
Lesson XII
Genesis
II.
21-25
99-102
Lesson XIII
Genesis
III.
1-5
102-106
Lesson
XIV
Genesis III. 6-14
Lesson
XV
Genesis
Lesson
XVI
Genesis IV. 1-13
115-118
Lesson
XVII
Genesis IV. 14-28
118-120
Psalm
121-123
Lesson XVIII
Manual
Part
II
Notes on Jonah
III.
II
15-24
107-110
110-114
124-133
124-128
Notes on Malachi
128-1 30
Notes on Matthew
131-133
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VUl
PAGE
Word
Lists
Syriac
134-140
List of Verbs
134-137
Nouns
137-140
List of
Word
Lists
English
141-147
List of Verbs List of
141-144
Nouns
Transliteration of Genesis
..
1
Translation of Genesis L-IV
..
144-147 148-150 151-160
>
1
>
>
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.A\.\Vnn
.n T.rcf
:
Klioo^
^.1
^Vi'*'^
K'ocrj
cnldba
JLdcuAo
^.icon^o K'nello^
.COS
Asoxa.i
K'^az:^' o>cnasQlz.re'
cuMCi ^cnoi^sntVo .^cnajLii
rdxJaTi-a r^-^^v^^^
r<'A\.Tca^
K'OU^.TJSfl.'l
.f^'iLftOoAns' r^iOJl
.m K'^OQt
.<.
n Cl^s ^^^rO^^^
^t^^i<\tj >cnco9.T)0
..Aj-SQ^rc'
ia.i^ri'a
t
rtli41cu
tcna^.1::^
f<^Vi^.i^ r
ora-aQ^
^^^
,
OQT<\'l\
en nip
^vi^.io
"fCV^Lx.re'
K'^.f^^
K^l^JLia
^]cLini^r
:
^jJJC
K^T-^^
SELECTION PROM THE HISTORY OF RABBAN SOMA.
^
rtsCSM povso
Aa
IOluJ .lOwr^J
r^.TA.i f
oaiC^-k^^^i-=ja
i*Avi
.^.^f^ vy'l.ir^r^la'l Kliji
paX*
^rCk
^sJ^k oil cuj:99.i
TJM.
V
.
,.
..
^^V^JL.
.
r<^=4p
(i^*^'
Aikd^rt"
...... ..
:
r.
.
^'^
:
vyi^ ^"^^ :
.^A^ov*
rr
-^^
.T^a
*
....
oxii^ri' ^.1
^-^^ oocn couo
kIImLL
t**!
.,^caA5>9
r
'^^^^^^^
y-.
/^
^r;
^.1
r
.orA
^Jfio^
oLrc':! jaLiiyir^r^
....
.^rdllrs^
,coysn:i .cnidiNfionl
y^^uV^\
cnocararc'
p^'.icoa
CLsio
.orA
:r
^^_^
r^.-ixiSfl
r<s^ r^o
.'lii.i
....
\
rdxiJjjLZ.
,r^^oii^ A^a
>A>i
.r^.-uxr) rt'ix. KlraSi^.i
....
a^ikJ^r
"u^
35
:
Aim
.
..
\
..
.JK^^'^<^
.>'*
CHRESTOMATHT.
36
irs^xJ^
.^cnijvL^ r^nxTu
:
isTO^^cA
or^
:
en
i
i
)
Anna
r<^i'\QOr<'
K^iAl^oiio
^'iU>x*:o Kl=3CU>.i
n coJ^ ^.i oco
.r<'5\.viv^
.(JjlZ.
on T K\
K'la^n
.^coOLnnk, crj3ji.^i
.rt^Qo^nl 'V^t^ ^oriiurciisa coz-cxnl
.snT,
r^^nso
K'^oaIsq.i
.KlisniaL^a K'iL.l T^'i^ri' .Siia^.iO
Jkl^KaO
Kts^uji^
r<^T
>
V
i
n
^-JM
cn\ JLTSk
o^i^r^
i^iJ.i
...
...v..
V*
ML^rdci
.^j|^
^QTi^ Anno
:
TU^
ij^Tii^Jsol
col
.^r<:ijLU
cnX t^^ V ,
rtlk^o
T2'a:^9
coi-tJo.!
i^lraCl^ ^.ioa.l
oara T-^ijjQ K'inuLa
cax^
.\*gis\o
,T^\\rsnr,
\L
:^._ocnl.i
CiCO
r<'^|u^.'t.:^
r^ioA^
rc'oco jLiai^:^ K'ixi^K'a
rdJL^Q.i
.cndFJisa
GLOSSARY.
38
M
there
J| thou w.
65, 128.
is,
together, as one.
li-MAJ
89 B.
^L]
like,
Vsj
to eat.
^h.^ thou/l
]Zjf woman,
1.
]ZaAio| healing.
Uixial stranger.
U^ir-^"!.
|k^
jVi^m]
God.
]iw.3iA. divine.
a^
but.
figure, form.
band.
^.^^jsj
138. 5.
if,
soldier.
^aaic[ sponge.
if not, unless,
}])
87, 8.
to bind.
i-ffl|
|I^ ll^
Elijah,
ws) also.
rib.
Us) also not, nor.
^aX
to learn.
^]
^.aX to teach*
/ 87. 7.
mother,
86. 3; 87.3.
Iziflf nations,
^^^1
,-iif face, vail,
\^i]
).aX ship. ]J^]
verily,
amen.
)(
forty.
]j::>io9)
widow.
l^^l earth.
JS^I maid.
>
when.
^1 n to
^aJ[
M^h'] see
jif sign,
35.
them
.
p^aX9.
\
m'\A',
|z| to come,
persevere.
^"^
|J[ I,
f
]Lm>] foundation.
138.
if,
p
Pk^.D9| see
,-^f to pour.
to say.
>*iJsc|
87, 9.
four.
^^^sh]
,
&t|f >v| always, ceaselessly, i^l^
although.
86. 3.
joZJ Assyria. .,
36. 2.
Ijzj place.
^^Qj) Enosh.
^[ them
/".,
36. 2.
w^J) man, one, some one,
Rem.
2; 107.
1, 5.
90. 4J^
uS
in,
s^l
among. II to be displeased.
GLOSSABY. 5,-s to scatter.
Z(jLS to be
y(
|.Ls to ask.
ashamed.
|Zal
request. ^
p
oia^ waste.
,
li^oA
Ij-iJio cattle.
y^
.
|m.L
firstborn, firstling.
jS^Vas blessings.
inquirer,
|ZaA,.^k^
to despise.
I'j-Q-o
1^
l|..Ma at
2^lJ^
once.
^!^^
to conceive.
Jj-^LS
conception.
>aA >
judgment
^ between
i i i
son,
87. 10.
filially.
|-4Ji^ son of man.
/
Ij^o
to create.
jJoj-o beryl.
seat.
)^^o'i^ bedellium.
(before suffixes).
^f.^f)
to bend.
^j.^)
to bless.
X **
enmity.
oxen.
s^y.^) to mock.
)J^ to console.
^
fZa-A-ijs evil, f
89
^'fS but.
wickedness.
between.
2uki)
li^wkiS
)^jD alter.
house.
Vlli*.^ Bethany,
Iao
lightning.
J-cjjD
^9lwo
afterwards.
to weep.
-op |2was weeping. ?i
jiNn alone. l^a^
|j-o to build. Ij-ais flesh.
>cKLs to be pleased, to delight.
(Sown incense. Piaxas ointment.
|-sl
y(
to choose. side.
ViL
to form.
Ij-a^man.
I^lko,^ G-olgotha, to twist.
iLsio behindhand. ^-iotfj^
Vlt)
to swallow,
Gethsemene.
^j.^to blaspheme.
lord.
^^,.^to
touch.
40
^^^
GLOSSARY. fS9 II to Ij-a?
remember.
male.
X
U^?
not?
is it
37.
them.
.01
ILuoi temple.
jZaLo? likeness.
,^l
VaLo? price.
^^01
|..^^9 like.
Zofoi so, likewise.
v^^^? sleeping.
\-axci there, therefore.
>^?
to sleep.
(iJulsc?
jio?
to believe.
P.S01 thus, so.
>^oi to go, walk,
tear.
II to wonder.
y
poi
to profit.
jJo! this,
i&.i;i.c5
^Qjoi they,
1
Tigris.
grade, ordination.
9595 briers.
>fh to
come
s^sai
those
1Z5 5 palace.
\jk>(n
paifi^CT governor.
^
jjo? this,
37.
V
cm
37.
a-ccn he
it is.
coi he,
35.
fom to be,
37.
now.
^o woe,
Abel.
that,
f.,
o and, that, when, or.
behold.
V^oi
37.
to return, overturn.
1^501 here.
01
35.
.aJoi those,
^01 to.
37.
wA.55 to exercise, teach.
1
37.
these,
^uiJ? to rise.
wi?
y
132.
35
(^oi) she,
^01 that,
blood.
|io?
V-OC1 existence. ^01 01
^.ik^? to disturb.
41
Po
it is
f:uo to
alas.
right, necessary.
appoint a time.
s^t^] Zebedee.
127.
_c]
to buy.
42
GLOSSARY.
^
GLOSSAai.
pAV"^
linen.
]^^-**
to
>aa.i.
(Lft
mighty.
know.
^^
to suffer.
{.m
suffering.
^
sweet.
n^ii to impute, reckon.
|Ii^a* thought, meditation.
\Lt vinegar.
i^owi^ darkness.
^ i\
|uM
mixed.
dream.
|\iS
sister.
>c.^ to
seal.
walkM to change.
oa^^
for,
instead
of.
)^ ^^
t.4Snii> five.
wrath.
)fiLla.i
|l.J-*
very.
]L^
anguish.
^qXm Enoch.
good.
]^Ll happiness.
we.
^1.**
report, fame.
|^!7ia4 nation, race.
iJJ-* supplication,
sA^^a.^ error.
wnl* to strangle.
ia4 mountain.
cord.
\^1j \jiLM
v..Oa,^
to be innocent.
\zL^u4 goodness, grace.
)^^
|>mii holy, sacred.
to prepare.
price.
fSU* to reproach, revile. I
V*^>^ envy.
]Zn>\^ youth.
w^pki* to urge, incite.
U1^4 shade.
a^^-JuA-a^ studiously, carefully.
>a^
ikl
]Ail\^ shadow, demon.
field.
wi-i to dry up, be desolate.
\^f^
>c^
1.
waste.
to curse.
2.
sword, share
to injure, rob.
s^sLl to pollute, profane.
Isl4 profane.
jZoal^ impurity. seduce.
l^'^M enchanter.
\:Ll to err,
]Z'f^ end.
yiiLl to taste, eat.
GLOSSABY.
44
ws^
to strike.
GLOSSABY. to subdue.
45
|Zo]oj.a preaching.
to preach.
l^^jQa sulphur.
li^a
f^ when, while.
l^'fS
o,.s it is sufficient.
|(3u^ sick, infirm.
)jsi.s priest.
]^Q.^fS sadness.
las window.
s^jj to
|ias thorns.
V^acj^
jeLaos star.
]^-^ belly.
^:s9a.o throne.
V.4.a to stumble.
I^^AJLtZas tunics.
wa^a
to beseech.
w^os Cush.
wsA^
to write,
)x^
nature.
l^Ls book.
L^
indeed.
\i
all,
iL
108.
sad.
pio
surround, lead around.
vineyard.
linen.
w^o
to strive.
to withhold, restrain.
IL^s
crown.
..Ti7,>,Sn\a
I^CLS
Chlamys.
how.
^iuis to
be sad.
^to123sq. |3
not.
to labor,
113
be weary.
|I^Qj-s congregation.
|.^
Ijis cithara.
w.A.'a^ to clothe.
^.Mis to assemble.
w^a^ilik clothing.
].M.ls
assembly, collection.
jjoa to cover.
heart.
|L^ dish. -
"i^^
"^
legions.
Levi.
(JOa cup.
^a.lil
|.aiaa silver.
wjulh to curse.
i^a to deny. ]'ps
to
be sad.
i^oi-a Cherub.
VLloq^ Zilk
before.
to, with.
I^L^^a^ curses.
GLOSSARY.
46
Vit\
I
jZoitf death.
bread.
immediately
fc^^i,^*^ quickly,
A-.^ there
[\S >Q^
is
not,
65, 128.
straitway.
\^,t^i)
Mehujael,
\-*]a^*ifi
uight.
indeed, forsooth.
Lamech.
^^^aa!:;:^
Xjt:^ to smite.
'^j,:^
Pn h
morrow.
to come.
ili^a!:^ thief.
l-^Jao
^,s^
"V^lIjo
above.
wave, billow.
i*V>
on account
of.
wiftS^ to eat.
jV^uIjo because that.
Ills
]^i:k4uio
tongue.
I"*
booth, shade.
-v^^^ deceiver.
fj4Cjo rain.
^
JiS
what?
jLl^lio
l-iio
liV^r^A propagator, successor.
food.
jjilio vessel,
vestment.
li&wi^,.^ Magdalene.
^.jj^ to die.
]^*i^ dead.
in vain.
Metropolitan.
deride.
.
i^4g^yVo altar.
|Zii.^ie meliora, virtues.
l^flao wilderness.
|-ai>o
la^i.:ao city.
I'^-^'^
>o^ I
anything
109.
-'^*^ east.
|ll|V
yet, hence.
eastern.
humble.
2^^.a^.aic
humbly.
jZnntnV
humility,
now.
orient, east.
|-fclfc3,^
\
|4-^a^i4-^ '-'^^ to
tpLnnV fountain,
^-^
water.
jiV) to betroth.
be
I^ai^
birth.
iL: to
1^^^
oaths.
iLo word.
.iic
what?
Vjka^ Moses.
).sU:^
full.
messenger, angel.
^s|b* Malachi.
GLOSSARY. |..
47 merciful.
p.:ic.i.j.iso
Ob.
^V^^ to counsel.
I
o
y
Viti pio
r^i 1
mercy.
jnSv
king.
|.llqi,Vi
clement.
|.a!:^Sn
counsel.
|^a.^i.:ao
garment.
Lord.
iZnnSsn kingdom.
Pj^
JL^lao word.
>a-^:ao
Viio
to speak.
w^|j.*^ bitterly.
word.
U^Sn^
Mary.
gall.
]Z9i.:sD
|l=i\V) teacher.
jZiT
>coi*lQi^ ever, at all.
]^.M-..A:an
more than. ^Lo from,
1
K^ who?
aiao
t lis what?
oU^ what
who
^nfffSn |j.aalae
be numbered.
become poor.
quick, bold.
p9,ii:iO helper. \\ *NSn
Messianic. wt>n4Vi able, possible.
is?
poor.
J^gi^ioisc
stature, age.
Messiah.
is?
come, bring.
to
admonition.
t>4Sn oil.
39, 132.
IXao to take part,
^iSac to
r^jSn
|n4Vi skin. |in4^i tent, house.
|.l\i\4V )
1
Sn!:^
traitor.
A.V perfect, whole. drink.
I^^u^lao
Vl^oi^
Methusael.
spring, fountain.
l^MSV) tithes. \si-^i^ settmg. )Zi:&:ao
cave.
|lTr?*v supplicator.
]wik^
midst.
jnnV) burial, jjjio
way.
)Lq|^
intoxicating.
p
now.
liiJ to
prophecy.
prophet.
).AXiJ
y.Ain1 to kindle. ,-,-J
ou^
to smite, beat.
to shine.
Tj-i-^'
long.
GLOSSABT.
43 to be long.
i^
Jf2 to
VOW.
\2n iWl temptation.
to
<^xUl
pour
out..
VOW.
jSnM Naamah.
93ij to shine.
w^^aJ to breath.
jiavJ river.
VL to
Ij^oU light.
^aaJ to go out.
]jf2
,.j
^
Nod.
?aJ
to move, wander.
l^oiaJ
%^
light
to rest.
fall.
to break.
w^aj
soul.
,jc^ to plant.
|lw^
plant.
lirf^aJ stranger.
PvJ
liia fish.
jnnl female.
]aJ
1,-oJ
fire.
I^JmJ brass.
w^
to go
down.
I
JSazarene.
pure.
>m
hewn.
.aaJ to cleave to.
\Lj^ garment.
wA^aJ to knock.
1^93-^ injunction.
wlaJ
^a^
liula^J breath,
to distil, instil.
i4J to watch, observe.
^Ui^
to breathe.
to kiss.
quietly.
)aljj Nineveh.
]^ yoke.
)^).9 silver.
pL^
^a to
sign, purpose.
think.
UaJ guile.
]f.:J0
]Za.aaJ chastity.
]Zi-aa gospel.
U^SpLoJ law.
^*^ much,
^|jsaJiaJ lawfully. \ji2
to try, tempt.
axaJ to take, receive.
hope.
great.
]U-^ much, many, l-^
to multiply,
j.^
to worship.
6L0SSABY.
49
^auo to witness.
multitude.
|).^a0
j))^ feast. y
\9Qja colloquy,
word.
f^ to make.
]-^ojg bar.
)|.A^
workman,
>QJ0 to put.
1,-a:^
work.
I-Joo
to incline, sin.
to endure.
j.rx*jff
^
^ jl;L to pass over, transgress* *l^^*^*i^ ]i.iiii
the uttermost part.
Hebrew.
^Luo sword.
|-*f;:iu
\ia to expect.
V^
Vaa
V^^k^D quickly.
to be wise.
to roll.
Ual^^^iio trespass.
iL^calf.
\4Q^fLS0 Iscariot.
,^
v^-i^ to reject.
i;::Ada.
wn^io to go up.
%-*^ji as yet.
v^-fciaa
iii^
lying.
left, left
\lso to hate. 'f:La
until.
]3pj.
hand.
to do, happen.
slave.
before that.
^^
^
until.
Eden.
|?^f^
feast.
church.
isso threshold.
|z,.ik
)2.aio lip.
jJjZ,.:! ecclesiastical.
Ijjaaio i-aiff
sword.
to receive the tonsure.
]i-n:^ memorable. to be customary. j.ik t^ [poo Vtl>'"n\ grievous. .
]f^
book.
thorn.
Ij^io scribe.
I^JIola.
\1jo sackcloth.
]'f^\^ blind.
]Zaja-*i.io
vanity.
|iLa.i.ia vain.
^Uujjs
m vam.
iioD to destroy.
)3a^ iniquity.
IJoL evil-doer. l^oLoa^ depth. ).SQ^ branch.
GLOSSARY.
50
be sad, anxious.
to
v-alk
i^ to watch. to
I-JlL
wipe
{.o:^ grief,
jnnS out.
anxiety.
heel,
li-a^ root.
jI^^ Edar (Irad).
l^'fL sheep.
M-i:^ eye.
]wsoi^ evening.
before.
^tSS
V:^ upon,
over, against, at, unto.
on account
for,
>o-i.:i
of.
j'^Ok because. Vifc to
>a^
go
in.
ever, age, world.
cunning, subtle.
^^^ naked. wo^ ^s^jLlk
to flee.
to be strong.
],..*^ future.
Vr^L^ rich.
^^Vi\s above. )
ilSn\s worldly, secular.
)w^
cause, accusation.
^oi with.
jiVa fruit,
'^i.^
).:;>a^
people.
(.lia:^
to baptize.
]9q^a:^ farmer.
to meet.
L*^l2f^ corporally. j-iJi..^
corporal.
jliVS laborious.
|j,.a
VLoIu to
V^oa mouth.
|Lq^
toil.
toil.
uas
plough.
to persuade.
j.:^ to dwell.
liL^oa tribute, remuneration.
li^ to answer.
)j|.xas
iS
jlA^aa separation, judgment,
flock.
\ir^ cloud.
w^s to
|^M\
|\iq
ofiLL
v^ry
herb.
Esau.
ia :^
twenty.
li-a^ dust.
Yf^tt^
cease, remain.
comparison.
potter.
Ij^^^LS
^^
commandment.
^^
unleavened bread. '^ Pilate.
GLOSSARY.
52
GLOSSABY.
GLOSSAET.
54 ,^^z,A> to espouse, maiTy.
years.
)wdZ:^ companion.
IHm. point.
|n>ii^ vexed.
\L^
to narrate.
).:x^
hour.
'fj^jL
to compel.
to
^^.^^ cursed. I^La-i^LA.
alabaster box.
make
level.
beautiful, good.
to pour.
Sheol. Seth.
'f&A,
to find, be able, possible.
to be good.
\Iam> morning,
"^
p
l-a^ to irrigate. ILa.
to rest, be calm.
''^-OA.
I
i\^
rest, sleep.
,1
iiS
to send, to take
fc.
to take away.
Ij-^ to cast off.
]^'^
away, begin.
history.
wJL^L*. to rule.
]^i^
^
Uoj-^ branch, vine.
i\4
lawful, ruler.
family.
|j.i^,>^A/ ruler.
\'t^'r^ true.
yo^^
peace.
L^\f^-^
y\\^
to finish,
Ap.
>a^ name. ^4cLiA. to
draw.
heaven,
^.kLaA^
ii^^^
fatling.
|.I,*Vn4.
heavenly.
^V
\js'pjy rest.
Lm, six.
\L^
to drink.
wo^^^
silent.
)^^^A'
sixth.
to hear.
A,
.nSSn^ Simon.
]j]z fig tree.
to minister.
f^fZ broken.
sun.
vsZ
^A.'r.A,
I
to betray.
truly.
^Sff A>
^l.*^ to
depart,
years.
to break.
.,Z crown.
^-i
order.
GLOSSAEY.
II
/
?Z grass.
^icooiZ abyss.
\oZ to repent,
ws^
to turn.
l
y
^
55
Sn^ Z
^^Z
disciple.
three.
^^Z ^Z
thirty.
there.
woZ again.
]bQ.2A furnace.
^itnS'^oZ Jubal Cain.
]L^2Z
sigh.
|^5oZ
ll^Z
second.
thanksgiving.
aioZ formless.
|.rJZ dragon.
Vl^soZ
^z to prepare.
trust, confidence.
\r^oZ generation. i:l!^oZ
worm.
^bZ
two.
]^-i-S9Z growth, increase.
jVoZ cattle.
]^hZ
^itfa^Z boundary.
]Zo^hZ
Za-iZ under.
U^J^Z cock.
L^amA under.
\:^hZ door.
LttZ under.
i-xoik^Z
\LkJiji.
trusting.
right.
uprightness.
twelve.
y^jL^A,hZ Tarshish.
two.
1^\LasZ trustingly.
^Z9Z
JAqji^Z prayer.
IjjoiiZiZ twelve.
|.:^Z snow.
^^ik.AiZ
nine.
^ZZ
see
l^a^Z
to teach.
wou.
MANUAL PART LESSON ONE.
ly^
^
(1)
^ f>
Six
h'rt-shith
s
letters: '
after (2)
'^ '^
;
(sA)
;
1.
occuring twice, both times silent
{y),
as in thin).
h. (th,
Three vowel sounds:
I.
In beginning.
(two syllables).
^ir); ^
(6);
Gen.
Notes.
1.
1.
I.
a half-vowel, like e in below or the obscure
(*)
There
vowel of Webster's Dictionary.
is
no sign
for this half-
vowel which corresponds to vocal Sh*wa in Hebrew, see ^'
like i in machine
(t)
(t),
;
the same as the last, since
written either above or below the letter to which Note.
H. '(1)
y-i-A.9
is
.(3)
letters:
i
(6);
j.
(r);
(*),
]
called Olaph, not
vowel sounds:
vowel does
(1)
j
6.4.
1
(2);
2 (1) (o)
pronounced but
b.
like o in note.
but every
full
occuring twice, see 2
(2).
syllable,
16. 1.
^a-lOfhoi (three syllab les), Ood.
gL^I
Fotir letters:]
(');
Three vowel sounds:
(2)
_
(), see
Note that the half-vowel does not make a
3.
belongs.
the Nestorian form.
quiescing in the preceding vowel.
Two
;
may be
ra/(one syllable), (he created).
]'fjz
Three
(2)
it
9
4.
L^
5.
i^Sfl A,
^q^h,
1.
{I)]
ol
(a) like
(h)',
]
(');
a in at;
see 2 (1). (o)
^not translated, but sign of direct object
sh^ma-i/cl,
(two syllables)
the heavens.
89
c.
MANUAL. PAET I. (1)
Four
(2)
Three vowel sounds: 6.
lettersi^Jk. (s^); in (w);
^o
^{y)]\.
() see
57
(').
(2); ^(a) see 3 (2); ''(o) see
1
w^yojfi (one syllable), a7id followed
2
(2).
by the sign of the
direct
object, see 4.
One new 7.
V^M
Four is
w
letter o iw), like
^ar-dL (two
letters:
in water.
s yllables), the earth.
two Olaphs, see 2
(1)
;
h
(r),
see
j.
1
(1).
(The form
used at the beginning of a word, or after a letter which does not
connect with following letters 4. 4);
Olaph:
^
not pronounceable, called E,
('),
The
letters in this verse are (1)
(7)la, 2.
(8)\(9)Si., The vowel signs
either above or 3.
are (1)
Jhe vowel sounds
4. h^,
Targum
n^,
)
6.
are (1)
89
article.
^,
",
(3)
',
all
of which
may be
written
6. 4.
,
(2) a, (3) o, (4)
i.
c.
denoted by the ending
Notice that
all of
3.
3
for
Grammar Lesson.
4Tr^.tt4^-^^
4.
formed,
said.
15. 2.
Hebrew Tsodhe.
l^>'^
Gender, number and state of nouns.
Vii^ he
which corresponds
the consonants have their direct equivalents in
Hebrew, except L which here stands
14, 911,
f,
76.
syllable begins with a consonant.
Every
8.
t^l h^
(4) o, (5) ^, (6)
34.
definite state is
Hebrew
7.
(2)
ai,
and o are never written separately, being always prefixed to
The
(1)
(2) :s, (3)
found in a dozen passages of the Old Testament
is
the following word.
to the
(2)
",
line.
in the Peshitto version. 5.
|,
(11)Z.
(lO)-i.,
below the
3.
Obseevations.
2.
1.
the same difference of form as to the
;
Word
r
Y4^
76.
Lesson.
t*^
he made,
o and.
*-^^^
MANUAL. PART I.
58
^^^9
,
'
^^
wio
m.
>-s
u sign of the definite object.
beginning,
And
ci.
eartWand the heavens. 6.
He
Ajid he fm-med the neavens.
2.
beginning.
Godrsaia.
41
God
is
in the heavens.
5,
3.
He made
the
In the beginning
wrote the beginning.
"Write out the Syriac of Lesson
7.
Ae wrote,
One
in
Hebrew
characters and
note the differences of the languages.
Hebrew
lesson from
8.
Translate the
9.
Retranslate literally into Hebrew.
first
into Syriac.
(Note.
In these
two
last
exercises, English may be substituted for Hebrew. They may better
be written on the board.)
LESSON TWO. 1.
^
Gen.
I.
2.
Notes.
w^ar-di (two syllables), anA the earth. The vowel
8. U^Jl
back on the unvowelled o and Olaph quiesces in the vowel,
is
thrown
25.
1. (2),
34. 2. 9. Zooi
C
h^w$ih (one syllable), {she) was,^
feminine; the masculine
(1)
Z with
(2)
The vowel o vowel
letter,
2
&
For the point above
(3)
No
with the dot below as in I^ like oo in fool,
is
a
and below the
o.
6.
syll able),
and a
waste,
(1)
^
is
not b (s) but bh=v in
(2)
01
is
always a consonant in Syriac and never a vowel
12. (1) is
o
vote,
]lL^oivVie8h'Shu-khci (three (IP)', .M,
(^=n) like ch in loch]
10.
1. (2).
letter,
25. 4.
syllables ) and (the) darkness. (sh) is
of a nominal form which doubles the
s=ZcA(=); ](')=X.
o
6. 5.
o, see
w^bhu h (one
10.
is th,
6. 3. (3).
further attention need be paid to the points above
11. oiggQ
y
is t;
w pronounced
5.
the sign of the
is
is jooi.
the dot above is
The Z
2d
here doubled because
radical,
72. 2. (6);
it
o=u;
MANUAL PART L (2)
this
Although
'^'^>^
(1)
Notice
(2)
s
after a
consonant=^
half-vowel=j?A or
the faces of.
upon
al-ap-p'iy,
final=V while
/
(see observation 6), it is
|
93. 2.
indefinite,
13. Ji^ ]
noun has the ending
59
initial or medial=lfc,
I
;
4. 1.
but after a vowel=2?p; s after a vowel or
10.
/",
(3)
ay forms a diphthong and denotes the construct plural,
(4)
The two
8. 2. (1).
76. 3.
dots over
14. I^jooctZ (1)
The is
are the sign of the plural,
13. 1.
i^hu-mo^ (two syllables), the abyss (oinn).
begins with two consonants, but between them
first syllable
a half vowel,
(2)
Both
(3)
o quiesces in
16. 2.
syllables are open,
15. oi^oio
6. 5,
,
17. 1.
25. 2.
w^ru-heh (two syllables), and his spirit (and the spirit
of hira). (1)
Five consonants, one vowel letter
(2)
The form
pron. suffix 3rd sing. masc. (3)
The vowel
is
The
suffix
a\
is
n
^^
?oiX?
(7)
The Olaph 25.
1. (2).
The
final
76.
|
after
is
?
is
?,
in apposition with the suffix in
38.
throws back
its
vowel and quiesces,
s=p
32. 2,
the sign of the emphatic state of the masc. singular,
For the form of the noun,
s=ph,
God,
of two definite nouns, 97. B.
1.
16. ua^i.:ae (1)
(is)
the relative pronoun,
?
(9)
who
first
97. B.
(6)
(8)
may
6. 4.
used for emphasizing the
(la^-lo^hoif
oL^oh, is
6.
noun wo9, and the
34, 36.
,
the second being generally preceded by (5)
two vowel signs
always written above the consonant, the others
be written below, (4)
5. 2,
consists of the conjunction o, the
see
69. 2.
m^rahh*phd^{ivfO syllables), hroodivg. or pp.
MANUAL. PAET I
60 :o prefixed
(2)
74.
denotes the participle,
the absolute state, (3) l^is the sign of the feminine singular in
76. 2.
doubled, this being in the intensive stem, called Pa' el,
41.2.
w
(4)
is
l^
17.
ma-yo^
the waters.
Rebbuy and denote
(1)
The two dots are
(2)
r denotes the emphatic or
called
There
(1)
M?e'-mar,
no
is
Waw
13. 1.
which takes the place of
86. 16, 87. 22.
the article in Hebrew, 18. jicjo
definite state,
the plural,
and he said^ conversive in Syriac.
f^]o is composed of Waw and j^f, the Olaph throwing back vowel and quiescing, see 8 above.
(2)
(3)
jiJf is the
(4)
Initial
(1)
3rd masc. sing, of the Perfect of the simple, or P^'al, stem.
Olaph always takes a helping vowel,
(Nun) indicates the Imperfect 3rd person,
2
(2)
The root
(3)
In the 3rd person, the Imperfect
o
(2)
As
7i uh-roJ,
1.
Comp. Zcoi
45.
1,
Bern. 2
(9) she was.
114.
employed as a Jussive
is
;
is indefinite,
The noun
(1)
There
(2)
This
(3)
Waw
is
is
is
in the emphatic state
but as to fact, the emphatic state
1.
is
a
m
no
class segholate,
Waw
when the
67.
1 c.
conversive.
receives the helping-vowel
a,
Comp. (19
and forms with
(2))
it
and
(9).
a half-open
16. 4, 32. 2, 33. 3, 2.
The new
and should be
often used
there was.
the 3rd masc. sing. Perfect P'al.
syllable,
is
93. 2.
wa-h^wo^ and
21. lo oio
Observations.
letters in this verse are: (1)
^,
(2)
.^ (a),
Z
(3) s, (4)
?,
The new forms
11.
The new vowels and diphthongs are: (1) o, (2) , (3) ^ (4) The conjunction "Waw may be written (1) without a vowel
of letters occurring are: (1)
(L.),
(2)
(5) J.
^ (^).
10.
12.
4.
light.
form, this noun
to
noun
9.
Bern.
1,
a vowel letter, as in 10 above.
is
definite
(3)
60. 3.
is ]ooi
20. l^oiaJ (1)
55.
neJi-ice, let there 6e.
19. ]:jiJ
The
its
| .
sign,
MA^UAL PABT I. between
having merely the half-vowel (2) with a helping a as in
with Olaph,
beginning
jooio, or (3)
draws
it
g^
and the next
it
when
it is
vowel
the
to
the
itself
Olaph
34.
quiescing,
vowel sound are called open; ending in a
13. Syllables ending in a
consonant, they are called closed; ending in a vowel followed
consonant with a half-vowel, they are called half-open,
Observe the difference between
14.
m
o (w) and o (m)
(h);
and ^{l)',>
Zi (')
,
s
;
and s
(ph)
and
(kh)
15. Observe that
and
(p)
;
(t)
s
and
and Z
(th)
^
(6/i);
;
^
(d)
(h)
and
and
j.
(r)
;
4. 3.
{hh).
quiesces in
;
o in
;
in
|
and*.
,
6. 5.
Mem.
The Syriac verbal inflection distinguishes number and tense. The Syriac, like the Hebrew, says faces-of abyss, not faces of-
17.
abyss,
i.
e.
the
first
of
two words
in the genitive relation suffers
The sign of the feminine gender is the letter Z. 43. A, 76. 2. The preformative J marks the 3rd person of the Imperfect, 45.
18. 19.
20. Hoots have three letters (comp.
preformatives or sufformatives, 21
change
76, 96 A.
and not the second.
When
.
a
Kushoy
to be doubled,
22.
any
(b)
>
2
by a
16.
24.
16.
is
or
letter,
followed by a word
24.
The
25.
other letters being
over a letter preceded by a vowel, that letter
of letters other than aspirates is not denoted
definite or
emphatic state
is
denoted by the
76,
affix)
Rem.\
plural is distinguished from the singular by Rebbuy, Nouns have two numbers and two genders and three states 3.
5, 16,
Review
14.
34,
when,
^.o^ he went out
13.
76.
Grammar Lesson.
24, 33, 38, 39, 40.
^J5-'.34
Itf,
^
,^^
.
^3. IS. 17.
76^* 4.
fiA
by
10. 2. (4).
sign,
The
all
10. 2. (2).
The doubling
23.
is
^]),
40.
Word
Lesson. a.M9 he brooded,
\\m he saw.
MANUAL PARTI.
et
^
tvho?
?
that.
^j-. he knew.
Exercises.
In beginning who made the earth?
1.
when God
the earth,
created the heavens.
faces of the heaven.
upon the waters.
5.
The
spirit of
He saw
6.
Darkness brooded upon Desolation was upon the
Darkness went out upon the waters and upon
4.
the faces of the earth.
2. 3.
him who
is
God
(was) brooding
and knew that God created the heaven
and the waters.
Write in Parallel columns and compare the Hebrew Perfect form
7.
ana and the Syriac form s^l^s as to aspiration, vowels, the half vowel
and the formatic elements. Translate literally into English (or Hebrew) the Syriac of the
8.
lesson and retranslate.
LESSON THREE. 1.
2 2. ]\^o
\f
wa-h'zoij
and
(he)
Gen.
3. 4.
I.
KOTES.
saw,
(1) Compare 18 and 21. is
(2)
"I
new
Zain, a
letter.
23. ]h(nll^l^nuh-r(i, ike
X^
^
(1)
light.
an inseparable preposition,
is
34.
denote the indirect object of the verb,
It is often
123. It
employed to
is also
true prepositional sense to denote the indirect object,
2 4 t-^g^?
(^h^^h ap-pir, that (it
.
was) good.
here a relative conjunction.
(1)
? is
(2)
9=dh
after a
i'=i4> is
word ending
in a vowel,
i
(4)
For the form
of the noun, see
(5)
The
an objective clause,
clause
7
25.
10. 1. (3).
a masc. adjective in the absolute state.
(3)
is
without a copula, i
its
124.
See 20.
(2) iJoiij. j(
used in
117.
72. 2. (4).
125. 2, and a nominal sentence
1.
7
y^-t^zw a^h^rash
(two syllables), and
(he) separated.
MANUAL PART L
63
33. 2.
The
first" is
(2)
The
first syllable is
(3)
3
pronounced with a half vowel (vocal shwa),
(1)
is
h^lMth.
26. (1)
i
(2)
-T
(3)
h.
hh after a
^
28.
jisi^
hl
in a vowel sound
10. 1. (1).
between
to.
Compare the Hebrew construction in vs. 6.
(see 12.).
is
in the simple verb stem 3rd person sing,
masc,
1,43.
The Imperfect would be
(2)
10. 1. (3).
6. 5. (4).
(compare 21)
41.
1. 3.
?^q-A:^rq(tw o syllables) and he called.
29. li^oo jj-o
31.
between.
after a vowel,
til
17. 1.
open,
word ending
written fully,
27.
(1)
a helping vowel,
he shall call.
jj-oJ
Compare ]ooJ
he
shall be Id.
l^nuh-ra^ji wo syllables), to
30. ]90iall:^ (1) Notice that
may
li*.
t
he light
denote the indirect object as well as the direct
124.
(comp. 23), (2)
^ is regularly prefixed without
(3)
01
ends the syllable and in
a vowel,
34.
Hebrew would have
the silent Sh^'wa
or syllable divider. 31.
H-mo^o^ihree
V^^fi^.*)
is
Olaph
(1)
Before ^ this Olaph takes IVVi.l
(2)
is
syllables), da^.
frequently placed before wor^s for the sake of euphony. in
which the
day as opposed to night;
j-ico-.
.a.
quiesces,
at the
20, Rem. 2.
end of the verse
is
the day of 24 hours. 32. VaaA^!:a.o
and
to the
iva-l^hesh'Shu-1cho^(iouY syllables,
one for each vowel),
darkness.
Since three consonants can not come together at the beginning of a syllable^ o takes a
33.
]^
(2)
^
;-^Q^(from lai-l^ya), night.
The emphatic ending has here is
33. 2.
(see 29) "/le called''.
34. yll^^ (1)
helping Pethoho,
a contraction from
ai,
lost its force,
29. 3 (1).
93. 1.
MANUAL. PAET I.
64 35. (1)
(2)
M^9
ram-shci^ evening.
Emphatic
state, the absolute
Though emphatic 36. 37.
p.>|:^a^(Zayone,99. indefinite in
(1)
(2)
r-^=i"J^ the |~M
is
indefinite.
(See 34).
i<
1,
Rem.
being rejected,
form
is
2, 93. 1. 2, 93. 11. 3.
meaning being a translation
in the absolute
emphatic in
23.
l.hK^'-,
]f^
L^ L Zooi 010
Z
Observations.
Z Z
oioso l^c-ik-Jo
,
a
(b)
follows nothing:
(b)
after
.
after the
vowel
.
after
i.
of the preceding word.
h^
(bh) after a half (kh) after
5.
after
of the preceding word.
fiw
vowel
(t)
1:1
I, (th)
(fh) after the
(th)
j^cu which though
absolute in meaning.
Occurrence of aspirates in Gen.
c a
of Di^.
1. (1).
state agreeing with
2.
26.
it is
^^*i
is
tsai)h-r% morning.
||-s.
ilaco^ is
(3)
in form
and construct of which
vowel sound.
the vowel o.
wis] 3 (pp) for np.
l^coiZ
2
(t)
after a diphthong.
|ovX?
9
|.a-i-j!isc
s
(d) after a consonant,
a half vowel.
(2?^) after
3-*,? ? (rfA)
after
oi.
of the preceding word.
|
s (pp) the nominal form having the second radical doubled. JO
s
L^ li^.
(ph) after the >
(bh) after
s (ph)
|
vowel
.
of the preceding
after the
vowel
word
;
h, (th)
after
.
,
27. Six letters are called aspirates namely,
^r:,
w^,
?,
^s,
^ and
Z.
"With a point below these signs represent bh (=v), gh, dh, kh, ph and th
with a point above and when preceded by a consonant
vowel nor half vowel), they represent
b, g, dj
Jc,
p, t;
neither
with a point above
and when preceded by a vowel in the same word, they gg, ddf kk, pp^ U,
(i e,
;
represeiit 66,
MANUAL PART L 28. There
no sign of doubling except for the aspirates.
is
no sign for Sh^wa in Syriac.
29.
There
30.
The emphatic ending and
is
Notes 34 and 35 and
^
Absolute:
(2)
J^mphatic:
(3)
Construct: wis).
Forms
iu^-4,9,
fovX,
new
letters
(z),
]
{* Vi a>,
(^9|,
(A;),
.
(ts).
(3)
Review
to
write
45).
(
5, 9, 10, 11, 34, 40.
4.
Word
Lesson.
^|..*oi then, to
>aifl
buy.
"VIj
to
>-2^
to sit.
fall
shall call the
morning light. and the waters and the good beginning (was) darkness, then (to)
3.
"^SnS
to he troubled.
to ivorship.
let there
God saw
God made
1
We
God
In the
4.
the light and he divided be-
^y
*
4 into Syriac andt]^n retranslate,
the following forms in Syriac, giving
shalt write. (2)
2.
the heavens and the earth
the darkness.
.
be mornin g.
light (the light, the good).
5 Translate literally from Gen. 1.
Thou
to he finished.
Exercises.
be evening and
said: let there
6. "Write
yr\h>
^-^^
5.
tween the light and
to put.
v^i-o to be nigh,
\^h,A> to be at peace.
God
j^iaia-l,
jjoioJ,
41, 42, 43, 37.
Learn the Imperfect of *.oLa
^*|
|.^oaiZ,
Jjo-a-.*,
Grammar Lesson.
(2)
(1)
^
for special study: j^jc, joaiJ, i^^io, w^i^.
6, 23, 20,
1.
See
lost their force.
cioZ, oios, ^.^.a^.
3.
(1)
have often
Notice the three states in:
(1)
33.
state
93. 2.
31. This lesson has three 32.
65
shall write.
(3)
Rukhokh and Kushoy.'
He
shall write.
I
(4)
Ye
^
ji
>,
JB
MANOAL
ee Bhall write.
Let him
(8)
Thou
(12)
fall.
(9)
She
(6)
sat.
shalt be troubled.
Let
15.
worship.
I shall wTite.
(5)
it
be
PARTI.
We
(10)
(13)
He put. Ye shall
1.
and
^]o
(1)
Syllables:
(2)
Vowels
(3)
:
They
shall buy.
(11) It shall be finished.
be nigh. (14)
We
shall a
Gen.
I.
68.
Notes.
(he) said,
(a)
open,
(b)
Ebhoo,
(a)
17. 1, 2.
closed,
(b)
P^thoho,
has here no consonantal force, but
I
(7)
at peace.
LESSON FOUR 38.
shall buy.
6. is
25.
quiescent,
Pe Olaph verbs have a helping vowel with the Olaph, 33. 55. 1. This vowel when preceded by an inseparable particle
(4)
thrown back, the Olaph quiescing, 39.
]ai^ God
(2)
Vowels:
(3)
The vowel
(2)
inr
was originally o or ^ end in the Imperf.
GO. 3.
I^a-oi
(y'^p'i)
expanse.
Syllables: both open.
(2)
Vowels:
Hbhoso
(1)
(2)
Zkopho.
in the midst of. Ivik^ias
has
Rukhokh because
the preceding
because preceded by a vowel,
10.
s
in,
is
the inseparable preposition
^5^
(3)
43.
6.
Zkopho,
3rd masc. of the Imperfect.
last radical
(1)
(2)
syllables, all open.
]!jiJ neh-ice, let there be.
J is the bign of the
(1)
(2, 3)
is
34. 2.
(2).
Verbs whose
42.
Three
1. (2),
has been retained by the guttural, as a helping vowel,
(1)
41.
(1)
Pthoho,
(1)
28. 2. 40.
(N. 3).
25.
1,
is
]^
word ends
in a vowel;
in the construct state singular
34.
1.
number,
fern,
gender,
md-yosf the waters.
(1)
The marks
(2)
Some
"
are Rebbuy,
plurals end in
T,
13, the sign of the plural.
86. 16.
2w
1. (I). (3).
76. 2.
MANUAL. PAET L 44.
be dividinff.
the same as in N. 38.
]s3iJ is
(1)
let it
jooiJ
w^J^
^^po-resh
(3)
The
See
Used with a
127.
continuous future action, (2)
67
participle, it denotes
5.
a participle of the simple species.
is
original form of the participle
and changeable, 45. L*^^
was parish; the
(2)
The root form was ,.riikO
to
is
is
^aL lLL, u'd-'^
n has been dropped
;
23. 2.
^bJiddh,
g-alk is
di/,
(as in
7. 3,
29. 3.
The
n? in Hebrew).
4. 3. (6).
1^,
34.
1,
and forms with
it
a half open
17.4.
has a half-vowel as
(4)
naturally short
(3).
be distinguished form
syllable, i*
is
and he made.
(2) o takes a helping vowel
(3)
from a
7. 3.
naturally long by contraction from
(1)
L
is
i
o
beth, betirren.
e is
(1)
^an's.
50.
naturally long and hence unchangeable, the
46.
Compare
shown by the aspirated s,
is
9. 3, 10. 1
.
1
2).
the 3rd pers. sing. masc. of the P*'al or simple form of
the verb.
This
is
the
first
form of the verb and the simplest,
43.1. 47. ^.-09]
By
arkio, the firmament.
comparison with 39,
placed before |^-
^^
it
will
This Olaph
is
be seen that an Olaph has been called
Olaph
prosthetic,
20, 1.
48. uArgjao and he separated.
This
is
in the simple or
P'al stem,
in the first form, see 46.
49. LJk!:^^dal^thah\ which (were) beneath
^^. under,
(1)
(2)
^ fo
(3)
?
is
is
is
the relative pronoun.
^
from, see
51. '^ii^j
under).
a preposition.
an inseparable preposition,
jective clause defining jjLo,
50.
(lit. to
daP
It here introduces the relative or ad-
38, 136.
6. 3.(2). el,
34.
which were above.
MANUAL,-PART L
Qg
Three elements: the relative
(1)
cf.
?
49. 3, the preposition
VL = VL upon, see 13. change from VL to "^ see
!iifc,
see
49. 2, and
For the
(2)
52. jooio and
the
first
form of the verb.
(1)
|coi is
(2)
The "comes from 53. U-soi 54.
29. 2.
was.
it
60.
original awa,
1,
but see also
29. 5.
(2), (3).
Jiokhanno, so. dath^ren, which is two
TT-*^^?
e.
i.
second.
34 with a helping vowel,
pointed according to
is
the relative
(1)
9,
(2)
38. pronoun introducing an adjective clause, remain in Syriac, the few remnants of a dual which of is one rr*^^ 76. 5.
(3) Notice that Hebrew
times changed to
^
often
A helping vowel
is
one which has a vowel, 35. is
The vowel
we-mar, joiA.
as
^a-Io-ho,
37. Pretonic a
is
many
38.
|.^=>, ]o3io^ '^'^?) '^=*-^^?.
Olaph or of an Olaph beginning a word o,
?
or inseparable preposition,
syllables as it has full vowels,
in
Hebrew becomes
in Syriac is
Such nouns
pretonic Kamets,
everywhere denoted by
and ^^oh
as ]Ls]
is
vola-
e.
2^,
except in
g. 2^.4,9, Zooi,
^^5^
are, in the singular, masculine
form but feminine in gender. Compare the agreement of the nouns
with femnine verbs and see 39. it
i^jo
,li^ = nnr.
The feminine
i^*>^Sn.
e. g.
e. g.
not found in Syriac. The original a of the verbal
the absolute state of nouns and participles,
but
some-
\Lt^h r^ki-o.
or nominal form, which in tilized, e. g.
is
3
given to every second consonant preceding
e. g.
of prosthetic
A word has
and
Observations.
thrown back upon a previous
36.
in Syriac
b.
2.
34.
becomes Z
The name
86. 10.
of the simple species or
are: ^.a,^; ^s:^
and
jooi.
stem
is
P*al.
Examples of
MANUAL. PABT I.
The 3rd
40.
69
P'al
pers. sing. masc. of the
the
is
well as
first as
simplest form of the verb, from which all other forms of different
gender number person tense or stem are made by vowel changes and
by
and sufformatives
significant preformatives
intensive stems,
41
;
Naturally long vowels are unchangeable
.
u^i^s,
t
m
in Zooi,
tSt n?,
u
in olmo?, e
1417.
from original
e.
g.
wsl*^
fern.
Abs. ~
w^i^
\"^r^
mP
Uons.
^P
u.4^^
Emph.
\^'x^
3.
"What vowel
Pronounce
31.3. Eem. 6. 7.
sent
^^r^
^a^-^s
h,x,-f.3
l^^^r^
\^r^
\h^'i^
manner,
5. 6. 16.
1.
gender and number are.
What vowel
is
everywhere
30. 1,
?
two.
v
i>ijSn
brooding^
81.
24. 33.
Word
Lesson.
(inseparable prefix) which, that.
^^ from,
ooi
5.
2.
PP
j)or-sAo not por^sho, por-shtn not por^shmj
Inflect, in like
^hA
^r^
VU
2.
Review
i 1*^ evil.
r^^-^'f^
affixes?
4.
V
fem.
unchangeable?
dropped before forms with 5.
masc.
the endings for is
inflection of
Plur.
Sing.
masc.
4.
).aiijj^
25. 30. 31. 35. 45.
Learn the following table which gives the regular substantives, adjectives and participles. 2.
Show what
a
Grammar Lesson.
3.
7.
g. o
e.
m ^.
42. Naturally short vowels are changeable,
1.
and, in the case of the
by the doubling, also, of the second radical.
if,
he.
(.^l^^Z
U>q- sea.
-
-^
^
he
disciple.
Exercises.
Let there be the firmament between the waters and the waters.
Between the heavens and the earth which God made.
3.
The
MANUAL. PABT I.
70
waters which are under from the heavens and the earth which
from the
4.
seas.
and he called the
In the morning which 5. It (is)
light day.
is
and the earth
(fem.)
which
(?)
he made
two God sent the
light
was
The
good that
disciples the good [are] separating from the
it
evil. 8.
good.
[is]
ahove
is
7.
so.
God
6.
good
[is]
In the beginning
the light (was) separating between the day and the night.
and
9. Translate literally verses 6
your own 10.
Do
the same for verses
1.
.Q.A.1S&.3
without further aid than
5.
1
LESSON FIVE.
55.
7 and,
back into Syriac.
translation, translate
nethJcann^shun,
Gen.
I.
913.
Notes. let
them be
collected.
The preformative J is the sign of the 3rd person The ^ is the sign of the masculin plural.
(1) (2)
The
(3)
L.
prefixed after a preformative
is
of the Impf.
the sign of the reflexive or
passive stem. (4)
The root
(5)
This form would be written the same in the Ethp^el and in the
is ^.Ais to collect.
It is better here to put it in the latter, or the intensive
Ethpa'al. passive 56.
1
9
and to read neth-kan-nHhun, not neth-ka-n^shun.
;
zP
lath-ro, to
The vowel
(1)
of the
Olaph
is
thrown back to the inseparable pre-
34. 2.
position,
Though emphatic
(2)
a place.
in state, the
noun
is
indefinite in meaning,
93.2.
57. ((1)
(2)
]}^^^ teth-ze, let appear. The preformative Z shows that the form is in either the 3rd fem. sq. or in the 2nd. masc. The context decides for the former.
The ]
(3)
form of
The 3rd fem.
.
to
first
-i,
all
the Imperfects of verbs
sg. differs
Lomadh He
ends in
from the masc. merely in changing
J
45. 5.
The
first
and
|o0iJ.
form of the verb
is
]v^, see 22,
and compare
Ij-c,
jooi
MANUAL PART L (4)
The second Z shows
that this
is
i^l
a passive stem,
41.4.
Since the
Ethpa'al and Ettaphal have everywhere three syllables, this must
be the passive of the simple stem,
i.
the Ethp^'el.
e.
|^At^ t/ab-bish-to, the dry land. The ^ being preceded by a vowel the dot above
58. ( 1 )
shows that
Z
(2)
it is
not having a vowel before
no half-vowel b, is
(3)
59.
I
4ln\o
(1)
^ is the is
the dot shows merely that there
and that Z
after the
wal^khensho,
and
to the
open syllable and the
(1)
jJi.^? is
?
(2)
For 61.
come
The two dots
The
line
(1)
1
.
.i-asZ
is
first ijo
is
let
lio
nt.
A.
linea occultans
is
13.
and shows
not to be pronounced,
cause
that,
19. 3.
76. 3.
to
go
out.
with E,ukhokh because the word preceding ends in a vowel,
10.
3 with Kushoy, because doubled to compensate for an
assi-
(3)
;
10. 2. (2).
The z shows the 3rd fem. Impf. causative or Aph*el stem,
(3)
98.
67. 2. (7).
|J^,
thap-pek,
milated Nun, (2)
17. 4, 31. 3, 33. 2.
pronoun corresponding to Hebrew
the sign of the emphat. masc. plural.,
The singular
Z
half-
that of the waters.
are the sign of the plural Rebhiit/,
under the
although written the
62.
lit.
vowel a
ya-mSf seas.
(1)
(1)
vowel because occurring
|i:J, see 17.
jL^iio-.
]" is
34.
It forms with this
to denote the genitive relation,
(2)
(3)
67.
i^ takes a half-vowel.,
d^mat/o, of the waters,
really a demonstrative
It has
76.
gathering.
It has a helping
the conjunction.
ia
unasperated.
inseparable preposition regularly prefixed,
before an unvowelled consonant.
60.
is
a segholate noun masc. sing, emphat.
(2)
o
it,
Kushoy,
10. 2. (2).
the sign of the fem.; f of the emphatic state,
|.^Ls is
(3)
to be doubled,
called
it,
The Yudh
at the
end
is
;
the
above
it is
the sign of the
45. 2, 47. Uem. 4.
sometimes, though less seldom than not,
found with the 3rd fem. Impf.
47. Bern. 5,
45. 5.
MANUAL.- PAET I.
72'
The root
(4)
is ^.aAi,
Nun
the
being assimilated always at the end of a vowel,
when not accompanied by
a syllable
18, 53.
63. ]]'!lLtha'dho, grass.
The
(1)
last
Olaph
24.
is otiant,
1
;
having been thrown back on the 25.
oUhadh-o, (2)
Z
(3)
Z
?,
so that
is
quiescent, its vowel
we have
tha-dho instead
1. (2).
Rukhokh because
has
the other
word ends
the preceding
in a vowel,
10.1.(3).
Hebrew
stands for
It
t.
vowel being equivalent to 64.
nmS
]
This
(1)
It
(2)
65. (1)
dh^mez-d^ra
^^9?)^? is
?
cording to 22. 4.
qimV\
2
1
.
is
(1)
(2)
was
.
?
is
26.
1. (I),
wi-lo-no,
and
the
instead of
is
because of
the ^ign of the emphatic state,
]
after
comes from the Greek
and the Olaph quiesces,
76.
fiUj~dh^j)hi-re, of the fruit, lit. that aspirated
It
36.
the tree.
1.
is
is
to its kind.
Rem.
?
^
52. 3.
according
l^gen-seh,
clause,
10. 1. (3).
? and y have been transposed, acmetathesis from Z the sign of the reflexive,
treated as an a class segholate.
|jLiL|o
is
itself.
50. 2.
draws back the vowel of the
f
seeding for
after a preceding vowel,
Waw
68. (1)
1
93.2.
34. 1.
>Ja.l^
67.
ivhich
the pronominal suffix 3rd masc. sing. (=1!n),
01* is
(3)
1.
the inseparable preposition regularly prefixed with a half-
is
vowel, (2)
67.
In the last syllable the vowel
the guttural,
(1)
,
Rukhokh
It has
sign of the participle,
i;^
class,
the Ethp^'el or reflexive of the simple stem.
is
'^vilo
66.
t
the relative pronoun and introduces the adjective
38. 136. (2)
the
!!
state of the masc. although indefinite
in the emphatic
is
?,
es-bo, herb.
a segholate of the
is
has been transposed with
the
Rem.
25.
1.
of the fruits.
preceding vowel.
It
introduces
an
MANUAL.- PART I.
73
appositional relative clause which has become equivalent to our 97.
genitive, (2)
A.
2.
The two dots are Eebbuy, one
]9JLs.
diacritical point of the Kish,
(1)
For
(2)
j-^ilu
70.
lit.
yielding,
Masc.
sing., see 44.
d^nes-hHheh, whose stock,
a\h,^^^
preceded by a consonant. Along with cC of which or (2)
\l^^ 71.
This
(cf.
oi-o in
Heb.
76. 2.
w
25. is
b,
s
and the masc.
Rem.
caused
(she)
to
it is
go
1,
the sign of the 3rd fem. sing, of the perfect;
'
43.
This
(2)
In dha, dh
is
^Z
is
.
;
the
41. 3, 53. 2.
1,
i.
e.
the third,
"^
.
is
half-open,
equivalent to the
of the
Hebrew
;<
is
;
a
is
a helping
33. 2, 17, 4.
Hebrew uVr,
^ where they both con-espond
Kamets
doubled
when preceded by a vowel
aspirated after the preceding vowel
vowel; the syllable
to
is
is
an adjective clause limiting )^a- day.
(1)
(3)
Rem.
dhathHo-tho, ivhich is three .
is
Kushoy
|
over the s^
occasioned by a preceding Nun, which has been assimil-
and followed by none, I^iiz? ' '
latter
34. 2.
ated regularly at the end of a syllable
73.
3rd pers.
forth,
preceded by a vowel, shows that the s
is
sing.
back the vowel of the Olaph the
the sign of the Aph^el or causative stem; the
doubling
is
3.
as usual, draws
In ^wu^l,
since
The emphatic
Is. 6; 13).
wap-p%ath, and
quiescing, (2)
nnp
34, 36.
2^ jo
Wau,
Kushoy because
forms the genitive
it.
pron. suffix. 72.
shown by
the inseparable preposition
is
his it
36, 38, 104. 2.
ivhosc,
in the fem. as
is
^^^^
(1)
was making.
1.
the active part, of P^al.
is
|
also for the
the sign of the masc.
introduces the relative or adjective clause. It has
5
(1)
see 65.
?
was
dh^'o-bhedh, which
r^?
is
76. 3.
plur. emph.,
69.
them standing
of
13. 2.
to
'i:
J^
being regularly equivalent in Arabic.
The pretonic
always volatilized in Syriac.
MANUAL.- PART I.
74
Observations.
2.
There are in Syriac:
43. (1)
A
(2)
An
simple verb stem,
(4)
A causative verb A simple passive
(5)
An
(6)
And
(3)
e.
e.
ws-^j^.
g.
stem,
e. g.
stem,
e.
^^as].
g. \\j*ZZ^ '^9?}^.
intensive passive stem,
e.
g. .q-aJ^^J.
a causative passive stem, (not yet occurring).
The
44.
w^^.
g. \\m^
intensive verb stem,
characteristic of the intensive stems
the doubling of the
is
second radical. 45.
The
46.
All passives have as their sign a
In
radical.
in all
causative stem
is
by before
characterized
Z
Perfects and Imperatives this
all
Participles and
Infinitives
by Mim;
its first radical.
occurring before the
Z
is
first
preceded by Olaph
in the Imperfect
by
;
the
appropriate personal preformative. 47.
Ethpa
The names al, "
48.
long
Pa el,
of the stems are P'al,
Ettaph'al.
when
The name of'
fibhoo; 50.
of
o"
is
Zkopho;
of
",
P^thoho;
naturally
The preformatives
3.
(1)
(2)
Form
tli^
same
of the Imperfect are the
and that in the 3rd fem. plur. there
Review
of^Ebhoo;
of^
'090.
except that in Che 3rd person masculine there
(4)
Hebrew
naturally long corresponds to the
0.
49.
(3)
Aph'el, Ethp'el,
is
Nun
is
Nun
as in
Hebrew,
instead of
Grammar Lesson.
P'al Perfect,
sufformatives of the
43.
with the aid of these the Perfects of all the other stems,
8, 13, 18, 19,
Review
21, 22, 36, 44.
911,
Yudh
instead of Tau.
20, 23, 34, 35, 4.
Word
3743.
Lesson.
waja3
to take.
'^^^-ioA.
>c^*.
t) heal.
wax]
to hear,
to
crucify.
44.
MANUAL. PABT L *
-.
76
7
to clothe, to tempt.
*^atf]
command,
f^ks to
v*2o
God
Exercises.
Ye
6.
Let the earth bring forth the tree of
3.
whose sprout
fruits
(with) herbs.
5.
is
the truth.
9.
God
Him
and
crucified.
(2)
The
75. (1)
first
Nun
The ending The root is
let
be
will
SIX. 1.
neh-wun,
Ye
clothed the earth
them
will
he was,
cf.
draw near
I.
I
The root 76.
(1)
I
5 is
to you,
he.
See
Zooi she was.
45.
45. 6. 9.
dots over the Eish are Eebbuy, the sign of the plural;
the sign of the masc. plur. emphatic,
(3)
to hear
1416.
one dot coincides with the diacritical point of the Eish, (2)
He
Notes.
denotes the masculine plural,
^
7.
have been commanded
indicates the Imperfect 3rd person,
jooi
said.
to say.
from you.
far
Gen.
is
nah'hire, lights.
]'f.(7iJ
The two
is
which
commanded them
God and He
to
He
LESSON
^otJiJ
8.
clothed them and
Draw nigh
10.
remain far from
(3)
He
4.
have been healed because ye have heard what I
to say the truth.
(1)
in itself.
fruits
Hear ye what I have been commanded
was taken and tempted and
74.
them,
Let the heavens be opened and let the herb appear 2. The earth brought forth grass according as Grod
said:
on the earth.
making
to say,
VJlIso because,
^1
to open.
commanded.
what, that.
\h^M>o^ truth,
5.
1.
9
?
he far,
to
^]
iV|\n\
s^sr^ to he near, wAiAft?
according as,
9
is
iViA^?
the same as that of jjoioJ
light,
dha-sh^ma-yo, of the heavens,
in apposition with
the pronoun.
See
|^.i-D9|
97.
A.
;
).iVi4^ is
lit.
13. 2.
76. 3. see 20. that of the heavens.
in the genitive relation to
MANUAL. PAET I.
76
(2)
The
open and
syllable is half
first
its
yowel a helping vowel,
17. 4, 33. 2.
77. (1)
^
the inseparable preposition regularly prefixed with a half-
is
34.
vowel, 120. (2)
l^ineph-rash, to separate,
wA>j'=iSnS
is
^Isl^ 78.
It is always used before the Infinitive construct
1.
1. (3).
|\i\i
the Infinitive of the P'al, cf.
.,
see 31.
|%nSn
49.
1.
In one case there
The root is
.]^
in the other not.
79.
ilii^
(2)
This noun 80.
loth^ivothOj
29. 4. (4).
jjW.
for signs.
the latter quiescing,
25.
and Rem.
1. (2)
The
81.
singular
wa-l^zdbh-ne,
(1)
When more
(2)
The noun
is
and for
masc. plur. emph.
(iwii03-*^o
;
times,
as in 81. 1.
\Z fem. phir. emphatic see 80. 2. singular
(1)
I
tvHa-sh^na-yo, is
and for years,
does not.
|Ii^
is
Cf. 81
prefixed
and ^\^\^
86.
man-h^rtn, giving is
takes a helping vowel and
and 82.
a plur. emphatic. See
9iJl:^
Lomadh
without a vowel
Wau
^9
The two dots are Rebbuy. The
is l^aco-*.
4S0
*l
Since Shin
:ao
34. 4.
and for days,
wa-l^yavrvno-tho,
(1)
84.
86. 3.
see 75. 2.
(2)
(2)
sometimes
than one of the inseparable particles occur together
li^o
(1)
is
and the ending,
every second one takes a helping vowel,
83.
The AVau
is |zj.
)xs}.!^o
82.
1.
the sign of the fem. plur. emphatic.
is
inserted in nouns between the root (3)
See 41.
the preposition, which draws back the vowel of the Olaph,
is
U
i^L-cjj 47.
ai/,
generally written
is
jZoZU
^
^^s.
Olaph prosthetic;
K-;yo, night,
(1)
(2)
and
comes by contraction from
i
(1)
Cf. \^^^h 41
is
1 6.
The singular isjLlX,
light,
a sign of participle except in P'al.
(65),
but
87. 30.
w-*.Ji (44. 2.)
and ^l.
(69).
Cf.
|1^^
(16)
MANUAL. PABT I. (2)
P^thoho with the preformative of the Participle denotes the causative or
(3)
is
^'
ApKel
41. 3.
stem,
the sign of the masc. plur. absolute,
ojoULla^ l^man-ho-ru,
85. (1)
77
iao
is
to
give light,
The
prefixed to all Infinitives.
preceded by
76. 3.
Infinitive construct is always
49, 120.
:^,
except the P^'al end in
"
(2)
All
(3)
P^thoho with the preformative denotes the causative stem. Cf. 84. 2
Infinitives,
and see
(1) (2)
^^^ th^ien,
two.
I-O509
see
76. 5.
110.
A.
rau-r^bhe, great.
an irregular plural from
(1)
This
(2)
Note the position of the adjective
is
in gender,
number and
state.
93. 3.
99.
jJal^i small,
88
.
)ViVi
i|
5
(1),
dhim omo, of
^r:^,
noun and
after its
is
its
87. 27.
agreement
true of j-c? great and
1.
the day,
the second kind of the genitive constructions,
(1)
(2)
5
(3)
Olaph prosthetic quiesces in the
is
in the emph. state,
The same
This
is
before the last
41. 3.
For the etymology, For the syntax, see
87.
with
49. 2.
radical,
86.
o'
97.
A.
10. 1. (3).
aspirated according to,
'
the preceding 89. (1)
l-cisaso
The
first
Kushoy (2)
]
is
?,
34. 2,
which has been thrown back on
20, Bern. 2.
w^khau-k^bhe, and the stars,
Kaph
has
Eukhokh
after a diphthong,
after a half- vowel; the second has
10.
the sign of the masc. plur. emph.
;
the two dots are Rebbuy,
13, 76. 3.
2.
Observations.
51.
All Infinitives have the preformative ^.
52.
"We have had, so
lationship.
far,
three ways of denoting the genitive re-
MANUAL. PAET L
7g
^^^^
p;ie
(1)
'^s.
6.
JicoOTZ JLs] vs. 2.
-
]Vii? 11:^1^ vs. 11.
(2)
|^v^^5 P^aX9( vs. 14. ]oi.X? ouJo? vs. 2.
(3)
53.
The Preformative
mark
only
Participle
to
of all Participles except the P'al, is
the Infinitive from the
distinguish
the ending o and the vowel
is
The
form of the
before the last radical.
54.
inflection of nouns. Participles have the
55.
The preformatives
of Infinitives
first
iao.
and Participles have the same
vowels as the Imperfect of their respective stems.
The preformative
56.
74
;
is
,
e.
g.
^.4.^^ 77, .oooii e.
g,
\^^'.^
lis) 72, ^^oUio 84. The preformatives of the reflexive or passive stems are all followed by Z e.g. \\^LA 57,
16; the Aph'el has" all
of the P*'al stem
the Pa* el stem has a half-vowel with the preformative, e.
g.
.Q-iosiJ 55, '^^jpjo 65. 57.
Attributive adjectives follow their nouns and agree with them
in gender,
number and
definiteness.
Grammar.
.3.
Review the
1.
fect;
and preformatives of the P*'al Imper-
and form with the aid of these the Imperfects
of all the derived
45, 47.
stems,
12, 77.
2. 3.
suff'ormatives
Review
76.
18.
13 4.
-18. 45.
Word
List.
ua^l
io crucify,
wsLs
to write.
^01
to go.
V-^^wa
a book,
V
4ln
assemble.
to
to
^^j-d4 -*^^(
to
draw
near,
swarm.
%.ai0oZZ| to add. ?
*
^^
N
>|
those which.
|
5
^^^"
sun.
V.^ifi because.
_:* from.
^ns
to
command.
ps when.
MANUAL. PAET I.
Exercises.
5.
The sun
1.
made
be seen for the rule
will
and
great stars for signs
To
4.
he
divide;
crucified.
3.
God stars
heaven to give light upon the earth
be the signs of the seasons of the days and of the years.
shall
shall
divided; divided.
be
2.
The sun and the
(that) of the day.
for times.
shall be shining in the expanse of
and they
79
5.
Crucify them;
Thou
6.
they shall divide; dividing;
divide;
let
them be
they
crucified; thou shalt
go in darkness because thou hast drawn
shalt
near and hast taken from the fruits of
(?)
the tree.
7.
The waters
(pi)
were assembled into one place and swarmed because God had so com-
manded.
Two books
8.
(two the books) shall be added to those which
have been written and thou shalt write them when they shall be written.
LESSON SEVEN.
Gen.
1.
17-23.
Notes.
1.
7
90.
w^yahh, and
v^su*o
(1)
The
(2)
wsoil
ander
line is
first
(he)
In
gave.
linea occultans, first
There
its stead,
11.
form, see
form for a Pe
'ewwim, them.
.qJ]
plural with verbs.
is
Yudh
64. 7.
verb would be v^su.
no pronominal
suffix for the
58.
3rd
the personal independent pronoun
is
36. 2.
used, 92.
is
the P^'al Perfect
The usual 91.
oi
-
^v^ ^OTV
w.jL^
Cf. 77.
93.
1^9 ]?
7eniAc7f-7/T/
to
ruU
over.
This
is
the P^'al Infin. from
dharb^^o, which is four.
136.
(1)
This
is
(2)
The
cardinal after the relative
a relative clause
may
take the place of the ordinal
110B. 94. (1)
.al^jJ
Nun
is
^o
is
let
(them) swarm.
the preformative of the 3rd person Imperf. everywhere
except in the (2)
narh^shun,
3rd fem. sing.
the ending of the masc. plural Imperf.
MANUAL. PABT I.
80 (3)
P*tlioho with the preformative
95. (1)
]^'i
This
is
rah-sho,
an a
96.
the sign of the Aph'el stem,
41.3.
a swarm.
class segholate in the
Kebbuy shows
(2)
is
that the
noun
is
emphatic singular,
a collective, see
90.
67. 1.
hay-yHhOj living.
]L.^^
The Rukhokh under the Tau shows that the preceding Yudh is doubled; since if ay were a simple diphthong Tau would have
(1)
the sign of the fem. sing, emphatic,
|2w is
(2)
97.
abs. is
po-r^ho; in the emphatic the short vowel
\.M'f.3
retained in order to avoid the coming together of three con-
is
sonants at the beginning of a syllable, (2)
76. 2.
po-ra-hHho, bird.
|^~ii^
The fem.
(1)
Rem.
10. 2. (3)
Kushoy,
The
is
participle
here used as a noun,
16. 2, 33. 2.
118.
98. (1)
>^\^Ztheph-rGh, let (her) fly. The preformative Z is the sign of the 3rd fem.
(2)
The
sufiformative
^si
Cf. (3)
Yudh
(4)
The
(5)
Pthoho
(1)
9
is
shows
it is
24. 3. in the simple or P^'^al stem. Obs. 56.
the usual vowel over the
is
Rukhokh according 34. 2.
of Olaph,
25.
3rd radical in
to
10. 1. (3).
The Olaph quiesces
It
1. (2).
The Olaph designates the Aph'el stem; the plural,
41. 3, 43. 6.
(3)
The AVau
is otiose,
^auil^
(1)
For
(2)
.ooi is
draws back the vowel
in the preceding vowel,
(2)
100.
Lomadh
52.
dhar-hesh, which (they) caused to swarm,
c-4-i9|?
has
sing. Imperf.
sometimes found with the 3rd sing. Imperf.
62.
is otiose,
Guttural verbs, 99.
^
uaJ-^,
Wau
shows the 3rd
24. 2.
gen-s^hun, their kind,
see 66. 3.
the pronominal suffix of the 3rd plur. masc. with nouns. never used with verbs, see 91 and 36, 77. is
It
MANUAL. PAET L 101. (1)
(3)
The root waA \k^ {)' 102.
Pe
in the
is
10. 2. (2), 18.
Nun, (2)
of wing.
]^9dghep'po,
The Kushoy
T) is
is
by way of compensation
1,
cognate to
C]3D.
in the emph. sing. masc.
Cf.
Hebrew n,
oi^is
equivalent to the
(2)
The
diacritical point denotes the fern,
The fem.
suffix refers
(2)
^J-o
is
36. as distinguished from the
back to
Cf.
jiu-j^.
01^1^66, .oouai.^ 100.
radical designates the intensive or Pa'el stem.
first
41.
jl-^,
This
2.
the Perfect, since
the Imv.
has no preformative and cannot be in
it
It is in the first
form
i.
e.
3rd masc.
.001^
2^ is a preposition.
(2)
.OCT is
Cf. vs. 12. suffix
pronominal
3rd plural masc.
p'^rau, be fruitful.
Of^
43. 4.
l^hun, to them.
(1)
105.
simple stem from a
See 100.
This the Imv. 2nd. masc. plur. of the
Lomadh Olaph
root,
60. 4.
(1)
nSvo a.^0 wa-s^ffhau wa-mHau, multiply The vowel with the Wau is a helping vowel, 33. 2.
(2)
The
(3)
These are both in the 2nd masc. plur. Imv. P*al.
and
106.
107. (1)
The
syllable after
llaLawUD? line
The singular
(3)
The
(1)
clause
1^^
is
half-open,
e
and
fill.
17. 1.
dha-bh^ya-mt^ which are in the seas. first i^ is
linea occultans.
See 61.
is ).:a^.
is relative.
136.
thes-g^, let (it) multiply,
The preformative Z denotes the 3rd vowel
(2)
Wau
under the
(2)
108.
has
sing., since it
no suiformative for gender, number or person, 104.
UaJ-T.
bar-reJchf (he) blessed.
The'' over the Cf.
|nms,
6. 6. (2).
masc.'',
(1)
an assimilated
ffhen-soh, her kind.
cruttJ-T
103.
for
67. 2. (6).
(1)
(3)
g|
sing. fem. Imperfect;
the
used with the preformative designates the simple stem.
f shows the root to be Lomadh-Olaph.
Cf. joaii 40.
]}^jLZ 57.
.
MANUAL. PART L
82
109.
93; waasZ
the fifth, see
|.A\niI?
bring forth, see 98;
let
I-1L.5
creeping thing, see 96.
110.
The line above the
(1)
is
to be
Wau
is
called Marhetono,
pronounced without a vowel,
The noun
(2)
least,
\^2.l^hay-ivH}io\
a
is
fern,
segholate of the a class,
2.
and shows that
Wau
12. 2.
67. 3.
Observations.
58.
The
Infinitive construct is always preceded
59.
The
cardinals preceded
by ^.
by the relative are often used for the
ordinals.
The inseparable prepositions take pronominal
60.
^oSi^
suffixes
e.
g,
ay^
104.
61.
Nouns take pronominal
suffixes
e.
g.
oual^
^oSuaa-^lOO. 62. The 3rd pers. masc. of the personal pronoun
66, ovsal^ 102,
is
not suffixed to
the verb, see vs. 17, 22. 63.
Final
Wau
unpronounced 64.
Nun
is
e. g.
.0 is the
66a.
fern. sing,
ending of the masc. plur. Imperfect; o of the masc.
Collectives sometimes take
At
the end of a syllable,
consonant, which
is
then doubled.
3.
(1) (2)
where we have Tau.
and Imv.
plur. Perf.
66.
^^j.sZ 98, o.A^h\} 99.
the preformative of the 3rd pers. Imperf. everywhere
except in the 3rd 65.
and Yudh do not take the linea occultans, when
Eebbuy, see 96 and
Nun
is
assimilated to the succeeding
See 101, 109.
Grammab Lesson.
Personal pronouns and pronominal suffixes 32, 48, 49, 50.
(3)
w^ou
(4)
Review,
to give,
64. 7.
19--25.
90.
35, 36. 2.
MANUAL. PART I.
Word
4.
83
Lesson.
to rule.
9012]
wAAA/
to forsake,
^^^JLcLm]
make.
to
fja^
fS
^A^
to teach.
i^A^
to baptize.
God gave
the smaller light for the ruling of the night and the
2.
He made
over the night and 3.
all
to separate
4.
Every
between the light and
when he saw them he fly
upon the
was taught
living soul
said that
was) good.
(it
face of the firmament
to obey
God who
and blessed them and said to them: Obey God and ye
blessed; forsake
(to)
the great lights to rule over the day and
taught the birds (sing.) to
of heaven.
better then.
Exercises.
upon the earth and
stars to shine
the darkness.
ivhen.
^bo v.^
5.
God
to oley.
7
7
1.
to shine.
w^L^A/
God and He
created shall
will destroy the great seamonsters
every living soul which creepeth (Participle absolute
every bird of wing which shall multiply in the earth.
fern, sing.) 5.
Ye
be
and
and
shall
be
baptized with water and with the Spirit, which brooded over the face of the waters
when God created
which was in them.
6.
To obey
the heavens and the earth and all
is
better than to rule.
LESSON EIGHT. 1.
111. (1)
01
is
)..A^V
ai^o
and
all
of
Gen.
L 2431.
Notes.
it (to
wit) the creeping things.
a pronominal suffix agreeing in gender and
number with the
collective j.-'^'* (2)
).^-9 is in apposition with
(3)
For the 112.
(1)
M^oio
construction, see
>^oiim1 is
nouns,
^S
according
oi
.
108.
1. (4)
and
94. 6. (1).
to its kinds.
the form of the pronominal suffix 3rd sing. masc. with plural 77.
MANUAL.-PAETI.
84
(2)
Eebbuy shows
the plural noun.
masc. suffix would be ouaJLT.
i^M
113. (1)
J is the
let
(See 66).
us make.
of the
is
nosho,
{.jLiI
not pronounced.
It
i
class V.jloi,
(1)
is
the inseparable preposition,
(2)
.
is
the pron. suffix 1st plural,
(3)
La^, 116.
is
4.
is
19. 1. (1).
34. 36.
class segholate in the sing, masculine,
our
67 79.
likeness.
in 115. 2.
^as 117.
(3)
an a
^z:^9
(2) ^aic5
(2)
Rem.
man. The Olaph has the linea occultans and
shows the root,
a
(1)
47.
46.
^^Sn\^o in our image.
115.
(1)
singular with the 3rd
preformative of the 1st pers. plur. Imperf.,
(2) This Imperf.
114.
The noun
is
a feminine construct from oic? emphatic IZoicj,
^Q4^^i^
let
them
J is the sign of the
75. 8.
rule.
3rd plur. P'al,
45. 2.
designates the masc. plur.
.o*^
The
sign under
J"aJ
118.
^ is Mehagyono,
12. 1.
fishes of.
the sign of the masc. plur. constr.,
(1)
w.
(2)
The two dots are Eebbuy.
is
w.4-9? which creepeth.
119.
see
Cf.
ww^-j-s
44.
76. 3.
j-alk
(1)
lo-dom, man. >c?P back its vowel and quiesces, throws Olaph
(2)
Lomadh
Cf. wLs) 13.
69.
120.
121.
01
is
v\.
(2)
122. (1)
is
noun=>a^^;
construct,
y^ai^ is
as in the phrase
>a^^
|.\^\^.
Cf.
oual^
66.
rogf created he him,
(see 2), he created.
having been heightened to (2)
>c^^
the pron. suffix "Ais" or "of him'\
5^=1^
123.
his image.
which follows: emphatic
^^si^'fS
1. (2).
used in Syriac before the direct object,
(1) Absolute of
jffii
25.
This
is
a
Lomadh Olaph
in the open syllable,
verb, the
29. 5. (1).
the pron. suffix 3rd sing. masc. with Lomadh Olaph verbs
61.
MANUALPABTI. 123. oioA^oso and subdue the 3rd
is
01
(1)
51. E.
it.
2.
plur.
P'al
of
throws back the vowel from 124.
vowel
a4J:i.A. rule
I have
125. L^at^ (1)
woy
(2)
L
is
126.
127.
L^}
(n.jD
2^
1
is
5
fl^^l:^
(3)
.
whose
and
L.
64. 7.
L.,
for the 3rd fem. sg,
L,
would take a preposition
placed at the
it is
and the preposition follows with the 136.
suffix,
Here the
6.
subject
65, 128.
is s^'i]^ fruits,
food.
quiescent in the* as
shown by the E-ukhokh under the
is
jiuA.?
desh-tOj
which
74.
e,
is six.
one of the few words which have Kushoy after an unvowelled consonant in the same syllable, 31. 1.
]b,M, is
*
(2)
is
used as a helping vowel before a 20.
pare
Rem.
67.
and com-
Most nouns take the same form before the pronominal
The Imperf.
either a, -i*\
33. 2,
Observations.
as before the emphatic ending
68.
sibilant,
1.
2.
A^ r\
class,
i. e.
46, 48, 24. 2.
is otiose,
the fem. emphat. ending, 76. is maktul, the a having been obscured to
\L. is
1.
o
becomes o
10. 1. (1).
The form
(1)
to s, while the ending o
suffixes
in which are,
relative
often indeclinable.
is
which before
in the absolute state.
is
^^^1
(2)
129.
r\A,nn^,
the preformative for the 1st sing, com.,
Olaph Kaph,
(1)
is
given.
appropriate pronominal
128.
o
The
beginning of the clause
(2)
nn
,4
.
an imperative P^'al of the a
becomes w)oi- before
"When the
(1)
t/e, is
not o as in ^A-a^ia.
is
a form of the verb ending in a vowel
fern, suffix after
The Imv. 2nd
(2)
85
1
i,
P^'al
(which becomes
), e.
g.
may have e)
or u,
e.
suffixes
aila^^^ |Va\.; oiJalJ, .coual^,
as the
vowel of
its
g. ^^'fS2, ^"^^aj,
,
2nd radical 'iiM, ^clJuqJ,
MANUAL. PAST I.
86 69.
The Imperat.
first
form of the P*al
the same as the
is
first
form
of the Imperf. with the preformative omitted.
70.
When new
elements are added to a word, shifting of vowels
frequently takes place,
e,
g.
hut
>Q^^
f\.k
n.la^^,
71. Before the sufformatives of the Imperfect
72. Before the sufformatives
c.
which constitute a
vowel of the 2nd radical becomes a half-vowel,
syllable the full
the 2nd radical
hut oia.AJsas.
is
and
h.
h,
e.
g.
of the Perfect the vowel of
dropped and the half-vowel under the
first
becomes
g. 2lS3u.
73.
word, 74. struct
Olaph may quiesce c.
The
original
end of a syllabe in the middle of a
Cf. |^?|?, r^|o, vs. 26.
|:^as|io.
g.
at the
fem ending was
2^,
of the noun and in the 3rd fem.
fem. absolute sing, the
Tau
is
3.
and
(2)
Pe Yudh and Pe
Waw verbs,
(3)
Review
^^
58.
12, 31, 32.
to he dry*
to bear,
-
Word
Lesson. ^mSL^ to
uall
suck,
make,
to
bum.
pSii^ to
^^
to
know,
P not son.
i-al to be heavy.
\p
cC3u
to give.
\r^
to inherit.
lifij]
].SL^
king.
g^
sit,
to
fO^
^
o, e. g.
27.
a,
4.
^^'
retained in the con-
Oramaiab.
Peculiarities of o
-
is
sing, of the Perf., but in the
dropped and a becomes
(1)
9
which
child.
woman.
until.
da,
^^^
MANUAL. PARTI.
Exercises,
5.
1
The
.
wind.
and I
likeness
be burnt when
trees will
shall cause
were made.
A
5.
them
man
the earth be given to
to inherit.
child has been
and suckled the son
when he saw 7.
whom
dry the earth with His
shall
in
my
image according to
know what
to
to us and the ruling shall be his tree
God
make man
G-od said: I will
2.
87
bom
Men were
4.
6.
The woman
sat
upon the
sit
am
let
and say: Let the earth and the
the sea be dried, and let all the lights of heaven
the king
1.
a%r\Ao and were
(1)
The vowel
stars
know
(2)
The
(3)
The with the 2nd
33.
1,
Gen. H.
18.
Notes.
finished,
of the first o
half-open,
that
who made them.
LESSON NINE. 130.
earth.
know
heavier than (heavy from) the earth.
is
will sit in the heavens
be burned, that I
The sun
8.
under the
she had borne and because he howled
the sun she caused the child to
very good.
my Let
not born, they
Tliou shalt inherit the earth and thou shalt learn and
God is 9. God
3.
a son has been given
to us,
(to him).
I have done.
is
a helping vowel.
The
first
syllable is
17. 4.
Final o does not take the linea occultans,
last o is otiose.
11. 3, 24. 3.
131. >clI.A.o and (1)
radical shows the verb to be intransitive,
Pa
el
stem,
L
(he) finished.
The vowel with the or
41,
first
radical shows that this
is
the intensive
41. 2.
" (2)
of the
Tlie
2nd radical
is
obscured from
29. 2.
'',
(3) Being without sufformative, this must be the 1st form
masc. sing.,
i. e.
the 3rd
43. 4.
132. \lh.^L^ the sixth, (1)
This
is
an ordinal number.
Of. |2la,? 129.
See
88. IE.
(2) Ordinal numbers, like other adjectives, follow their nouns and agree
in gender,
number and
definiteness,
1 1
0.
B.
MANUAL. PAET I.
88
133. ^aiOf^ilL his works. (1) (2)
Eebbuy show
has
?
(2)
The
(1)
(2)
Since
is
10. 1. (2), 17. 4.
half-open,
it
has no sufformative,
^ 4<
it
41. 4, 59. 3.
rest,
must be the
first
form,
i. e.
the 3rd
43. 4.
masc, >S
)
jJ to
the
This
seventh.
the ordinal from
is
Va^
seven,
n.
137. (1)
syllable
the reflexive from
is
sing,
88.
first
10. 1. (3).
wS has Kukhokh shows that L has a half-vowel and
ittl^ZJo and he rested himself,
>
This
136.
after the diphthong,
Kushoy
that the
36.
da-'^bhadh, which he made.
fact that
135.
13.
the 3rd sing. masc. pron. suffix, see 112,
-.Aoio^'is
134. fi^^ (1)
the noun to be plural,
kad'd^sheh, sanctified
oufc-j-o
The dot over the
The form
is
it,
Kushoy and shows
that the a
is
doubled.
intensive, the second radical being doubled,
41. 2,
?
is
10. 2. (2). (2)
01*
138.
the pron. suffix 3rd sing. masc.
is
'^M^
because and
written defectively, 139.
y^SV^
Va
all
Cf.
121. 01^11^66, gi.LQ^t
are the only words in which
is
5. 5.
bi/
See
making.
120.
1.
(4)
for this use of the
and compare the Hebrew.
Infinitive
140. ]Zf.^oZ generations. (1)
(2)
Eebbuy and ]Z designate the feminine plural emphatic. The first Z is prefixed, the form of the noun being \4-dZ. The root
^^ to
is
bear,
74. 3.
141. l^H?o a^l of the earth. (1)
The inseparable
particles retain their helping vowel,
when
the
succeeding consonant has a vowel thrown back from a following
Olaph (2)
;
so wa-dhar-o, not w^dhar-o,
"When a noun tives,
is
in connection with
each of the latter
is
34. 3. Bern, 2.
two or more succeeding geni-
preceded by
142. Q-J^Z) theg were created.
5,
97.
A. Rem.
2.
MANUAL. PABT I.
39
The absence
Z| is the sign of a reflexive or passive stem.
(1)
vowel
Z
after
Ethp'el,
Waw
(3)
Yudh shows
designates the 3rd plural, that the root
iu, see
143. t-^? *^ tvhich
the relative clause, 144. 00 51 Zocji.
(he)
Lomadh
Olaph,
136.
6.
had been
(thei/)
8. 1. (3).
Rem.
145.
]otn vs.
first
Olaih
(2)
Yudh
(3)
The form
1.
are
69. It is
jooi fern
to distinguish the verb enclitic copula.
20.
prosthetic,
1.
25, 3, 58. 1.
Rem.
2.
the 3rd masc. sing. P'al, the verb being both
is
(he)
from
out.
is
Yudh and Lomadh The form
meant
same verb used as an
quiesces in' according to
146. lL]
often omitted from
6 with ]oe% vs. 7 and oooi vs. 25.
had gone
|.i^]
The
is
in the 3rd plur. Perfect
is
The two dots under the word
Compare:
(1)
(called
made. The preposition
as denoting existence from the
(1)
43.
Lomadh Yudh
is
60).
For the diphthong
(4)
to belong to the simple passive or
it
41.4.
(2)
see
s show
or
of a
caused
58, 60.
Olaph, to
Pe
come down.
Aph'el from .Ij, the Nun being assimilated. Cf. L-as] the first form of the Apli el i. e. 3rd masc. sing. Perfect, is
53. 2. is
(2)
derived from an original
147.
Kushoy 148. the
Nun
see
was
is
not,
contracted from
after the diphthong,
llo^
mist.
&
^|,
65.
Tau has
10. 2. (3).
The root
^^^^
is
being assimilated and the
to well.
doubled.
i:
loci
.ji^a
^
is
nSm
used
to
The form Cf.
is "^o-Juoi^,
I^^os).^ 128 and
go up.
the active part. P'al
first
]oci
is
enclitic
unpronounced
and hence the 64. 5, 127.
1.
form; see 46. 93.
solute state because a predicate, (2)
)]
18. 1, 74. 2. (5).
149. (1)
Iv.J:I
29. 2.
,
a\
It is in the ab-
3. (2) a.
has the linea occultans and
is
Cf. oosi 144, Zooi, ]ooio vs. 19.
M
MANUAL. -PART I.
90
The
(3)
Perf. of jooi after the part, denotes continuous or repeated
action or state,
150.
jooi
jn aV)
127.
was
watering.
(1)
The construction
is
(2)
The
first
The
pre-
the ending of the 3rd masc. sing, suffix with pluralnouns.
77.
first
(2)
s
is
form of the Aph'el, as
is
fonn
Cf. jSoi,
is iLk,.
|^.
nostrils.
the preposition with the vowel of Olaph drawn back. to
Olaph quiesces according
25.
1. (2).
(3)
^OTo
(4)
The two dots over o are Rebbuy the one over
is
.s is
;
a consonant; the one over s
is
Kushoy
compensate for the assimilated Nun, 152. ill 153.
>cai5,
^
from
(the) front,
put. This
{lie)
is
the
Most verbs have
two verbs have o 76.
,
41.
i. e.
first
from
the east.
E "Wau contracted
form of a verb
Observations.
in the first 1
form some intransitive verbs have ;
;
.
numbers are formed from the
by putting a half-vowel li' after the third,
radicals of the cardinals
after the first radical, a' after the second,
and
88.
The inseparable
particles take a helping
vowelled consonant and form with 79.
10, 12.
The vowel occurs everywhere in the Pa' el stem after the first radical.
77. Ordinal
78.
after
59. 2.
7 5.
Kushoy
denoting the doubling to
life, lit. lives.
>a.^
154. >a^
from
shown by
41. 3, 50. 2.
^
151. v^oiosjJd in his (1)
the same as that in 149. 2, 3.
^
the
Pai-t. is
fixed with (3)
3. (3).
Whether a form
is
it
vowel before an un-
a half-open syllable.
P'al or Pa'el depends often upon the usus
quendi, e.g. ails>^ maybe either katleh, or katt^leh,
i. e.
lo-
simple or intensive.
The sense and not the writing(which is the same in both)determines the stem. 80.
Nouns may be formed by prefixing
81.
The Imperative has only a 2nd person.
i>e
or
Z
to the root,
e.
g.
MANUAL. PABT I.
3.
Grammar.
of the verb with suffixes,
(1)
The Perfect
(2)
Quantity of vowels,
51.
A. B.
28.
43, 44.
Eeview,
(3)
91
4.
wA^^
\4^
Word
Lists.
wS59 to follow,
to forsake,
to
(TLlsoZ to
Jcill.
wonder,
to conceive.
V^ojk/ to weigh.
^Jus
y wAkX^A' to glorify, V
fM]
,jis to
to seize.
6.
God
1.
his
Exercises.
has forsaken you because you forsook him.
killed him.
(Aphel) thee.
and
1 counsel thee to seize
when he commanded
5.
God weighed
killed
all his
him because thou
Ihem
(?
with the Imper-
He made me
to
wonder
didst
6.
1 followed him and seized
command me.
7.
God
rested
He had completed them and He blessed them When the heavens and the eaHh were created,
works when
sanctified them.
8.
a tree did not exist in the earth.
down and
4.
us to kill them because they had followed
She conceived me and bare me.
him and from
3.
because they have not glorified thee.
fect),
9.
The Lord caused
rain to
come
the herb of the field sprang up, and a mist was going up to
the trees of the field and every green herb (greenness of herb)
water
all
which
Adam had
Adam
were).
Gen. IL
915.
for food, (which to
LESSON TEN. 1.
155. v^ojo and he caused
(2)
2.
works which he had done and when He saw that he had not followed
Him He
(1)
command.
to
go
Notes. out.
The Olaph designates the Aph'el stem, 41.3. The first radical is o. This becomes Yudh in the simple and intensive stems, 58. The .* comes from iy.
MANUAL. PART I.
92
The
(3)
third radical
was
have gone over into regular 156.
(2)
The Olaph
(3)
The noun dicate
is
is
20.
prosthetic,
1.
of the passive participial form
93. 3.
in the absolute state,
it is
60.
verbs,
136.
a relative clause,
is
;
Lomadh Olaph
which was pleasant.
w^-i.!?!?
(1) This
Olaph but most verbs of this kind
originally
157. ||mV^V
k
This
to see.
a pre-
V^4^. Being
(2).
P'al
the Infin. const.
of |"P; the
of
Vi^-Qio becoming heightened in the opened syllable.
158. Vsjlolk
Pe Olaph verbs form
to eat.
their Infinitives regularly
except that the Olaph quiesces and the following consonant Cf. 128.
sequently aspirated.
159.
iifl-i?i.s?
(1)
For the
(2)
For
cyi^l^wi>ar5
{n the midst of the garden.
^^
160. oiZn
i
n
oiiju^Lo,
^SnS
to
see 42
water
and
15.
it.
(1) Ik is the preposition; (ji*the pron. suffix
S^ is the sign of the Part,
(2)
zkl designates the
(3)
Cf.
161.
and
49, 50.
the absolute would end in
Infin. construct ;
belongs to the root, which
|ji-?i.alih to wit, the
park.
become.
This
is
the
P'al
Lomadh Yudh
is
This ^'to
by
sing. masc.
Infin. of the Aph'el,
^ may in such cases be rendered by 162. ^ |o
3rd
oa.
.
cbki:^ 85.
Yudh
(4)
97 B.
genitive construction compare jsi-X? at^oh 15. See
and
con-
is
is
wit^\ see
followed by
Part.
(Olaph),
60.
m
the
in apposition with
See
123. 2. i:^
;
(7).
may be
trans-
60. 5.
163. ^--^^ 1^^^'! four heads. (1) (2)
The
164. (1)
(2)
cardinal generally precedes.
The noun following may be state, 110, A. 1.
On ,^5
,-M? oi.ifl^ the
>a^, see is
in either the emphatic or absolute
name of it which
is one.
87. 29.
a relative phrase limiting the pronominal suffix and not the
noun, see
136. 4.
MANUAL.-PABT L
03
110. B.
This clause takes the place of the ordinal,
(3)
165. ?,-? oai It
is that,
(2)
?=that The phrase
(3)
The
(4)
cn
(1)
is
which
104.
which, see
point over to distinguish
(2)
The 167.
^n\
01
^ is
ally
)
from
it
52. 3. It has the
35.
6. 6. (1).
ooi,
the sign of the direct object,
123.
participle governs a noun.
where, introduces a relative clause,
^Ij
iv^dha-bhohj and the gold of
shows that the noun
two short vowels,
i.
104. 4, 136.
The Rukkokh under
it.
not a segholate, but one which had origin-
is e.
The segholate would be
68.
dahabh,
dah-boh, like aua.^gen-so.
oijsai)
169. (1) wJoi follows
its
is
that,
noun when
a demonstrative pronoun limiting land.
attributive
to be read,
170. v-i4 good, ject in gender
6. 6. (2) b. is
and below
and shows that hog not
for o
Compare
and number, but not in is
hi is
Gren. III. 12 for ^oi.
the predicative adjective.
171. |.i1j2 the second,
It
and agrees with it in gender and number.
The point above the He stands
(2)
see
h,
all.
168. (M0I5O the
135. 2.
because of the
instead of
the demonstrative pronoun 3rd masc. sing.
is
(1)
surrounding.
a predicative substantive clause,
Participle has
166.
is
2. (2) Bern.
It agrees with its sub-
93. 3.
definiteness,
an ordinal form for
in vs. 14, the cardinal preceded
^^-^i-
by
j
is
(2).
Above used in
in vs. 11 its
stead,
110. B. 172. >c?y the man,
173. (1)
nn^
^ with
shabh-keh, left
him. that
therefore, not Pael, but P^'al.
oi" is
174.
i
JtN^il? that he
might
(2)
sAoia-
51.
it is
not doubled.
137 and
see,
The form
41. 2.
till it.
introduces the clause of purpose,
5
Cf.
the pron. suffix. 3rd sing. masc.
<^oin
(1)
123.
the direct object,
The Rukkokh under the s shows is,
(2)
01
is
D.
137. 4.
the form of the 3rd sing. pron. suffix with the Imperf., 2.
MANUAL. PAET L
94
"^"'^ (from
In
(3)
^Vq^
-
46)
Nun
the absence of sufformatives shows
is it
the sign of the 3rd pers.;
to be masc. sing.
45. Bern. 2, 47.
the preformative shows the simple stem,
The
(4)
would
1st plur. Imperfect
also be ^.mJ:;^^.
can determine whether the 1st or 3rd person 175. ^oia-j-J^o and keep
preceding, except that assimilated.
Cf. L.as] 72,
Lomadh Olaph verbs Lomadh AVau or Yudh. 82.
is
?,
take
86.
4.
the same in every respect as the
Nun
being
53. 2.
Observations.
are mostly those which were originally
i
and !^ and
before a consonant with a half- vowel.
The vowel under the 2nd radical
of the
P'al Imperfect is dropped
new
syllable.
A short vowel may be dropped, volatilized or shifted. A naturally long vowel unchangeable, 73. is
3.
Grammar.
(2)
Euphony of vowels, 29. The Imperfect &c. of the regular verb with suffixes,
(3)
Review
(1)
Rem.
37. Beni. 5.
meant,
for ^-JOJ the radical
before suffixes and before sufformatives forming a 85.
with
The context alone
The conjunction Wau, the inseparable prepositions
the relative 84.
is
j-JuJ
and see
2.
83.
This
it.
we have
the
;
36 and
^^^Jio^ to hear. to obey.
yffji to bless.
ws?
Word
Lesson.
.^s
if.
^^>i>^^^A>]
to follow.
uA'i^
.
4547. 4.
^f
5 1 C.
to sanctify.
f^il^ >
n1
to till
to serve.
^
^^L^
to steal,
to deliver.
l^^^vC^
enemy.
D. E. F.
MANUAL. PAET L
Exercises.
5.
God
1.
will bless
cause
it (fern.)
to see
and whose
may
fruits
I shall
and I
said;
.
and
Thou
trees
fruits) are
which are pleasant
good
I shall cause
5.
it.
wilt bless us
for eating.
it
if
in
him and I
him and
9.
Eden
will sanctify him.
him and
8.
Thou
Let him hear me, God
I will hear thee
will kill
The
and wilt cause us to see God.
he shall not obey me.
shall bless
(pi.)
3.
to surround all the
you; thou wilt bless him; she will forsake you.
him
1 will
2.
Let him bring and leave him
4.
(masc).
and keep
will steal
They
(which their
me and obey me and
wilt hear 1 1
6.
kill
wilt kill
(fern.)
it
till it
land of Cush. 7.
ye will follow him and serve him.
to bring forth herbs
river shall water
that he
if
you
95
10.
Thou
when thou
will deliver
(fem.)
callest.
him
to his
enemies.
LESSON ELEVEN. 1.
and said
176. oL^k j.^]
For the form, 177.
^oajz
Vcj^
(1)
is
Olaph
is
is
179.
?
may est
eat.
that
Olaph
2nd masc.
j3
sing, like "'^q.^l.dZ except that the
55. 2.
This
thou shalt not eat. of the Imperative
is
is
the negative of the preced-
expressed by the Imperfect pre-
115. 3.
1. (2),
V^iio because that.
*Eoo
(2) This
124.
indirect object, see
The Rukkokh under the Kaph shows
in the
114.
li,
For the
him.
10. 1.
The negative
ceded by
(1)
1.
quiescent,
178. "^a-sji ing.
Notes.
the absolute Infinitive used to intensify the idea of the
quiescent,
The verb
(2)
1620.
34. 2.
\.a|io thou
119.
verb, is
see
to
Gen. IL
is
137.
is
a
written defectively,
common way
6. 5.
of introducing the causal adverbial clause,
5. (2).
180. "'^aajZ? in which
thou,
eatest.
The preposition with
its
pro-
MANUAL. PAET I.
96
nominal
Rem.
suffix is omitted, as frequently in
Za^Z
181.
fZaio
(1)
136. 6.
jZaLo the death shalf thou die.
a segholate noun of the a class; here used instead of the
is
119. 2. Bern.
Infinitive absolute,
Zolo^
(2)
temporal clauses,
1.
1.
the 2nd person masc. sing. Imperf. P^*al for ZoolsoZ,
is
ivii
going over into o and the helping vowel of the preformative being
The
volatilized.
182. I
t'^ki
iocjiJ? that
should be
&c^
^
29.
59. 2.
7. (1),
a substantive subject clause, to which
is
135.
183. >.qio?n >i\n alone.
and
Wau,
is fi
the predicate,
is
)]
root
1, 2.
This
a
is
compound
of the prepositions
with the noun 90^*^ unique, followed by the pronominal
o
suffix,
89. B. Bern. 3. 3.
I
184. jJiil (1) (2)
will make.
The Olaph is the preformative for the first person sing. Imperf. The under the second radical signifies an Imperf. of the i class, 46.
1
and
185. iJ^jio
cf.
and
'jn'^.
in
Hebrew.
help.
(1)
The point over the
(2)
The
(3)
The ending
shows that the form
5
is
intensive Dolath being
41. 2.
doubled,
:^ points to
p
75.
agentis,
186. oiZaj] fixes,
'!'&}
a participial form of the Pa* el stem, is
often
50. 2.
appended to participles to make nomina
1.
like
This
him.
89. B. Bern.
is
the form which
^]
takes before suf-
3. 1.
187. ^lJ\o and he brought. (1)
(2) (3)
The
188. (1)
(2)
first
form
64. 4, a
is |z|,
Pe Olaph and Lomadh Olaph
The Olaph of ^^f denotes the Aph'el For the ending ^ see 155. ]}-*.J?
that he might see.
The ending f (like n
in
Olaph Imperfects,
60. 3.
The
stem,
verb.
41. 3.
Hebrew)
clause denotes purpose,
is
the
137. 4.
common ending for Lomadh Cf. 174.
MANUAL. PAET I. 189. ( 1)
This
132.
135. 3.
On 1^ 190.
6.
Rem. The sentence
is
an object substantive clause,
(2).
162 and
see
hau
ooi OCT
60. 5.
hu, that
is.
with a dot above the
01
(1)
calling.
an indirect question introduced by the interrogative pronoun
is
jjic,
(2)
was
ivhat he
|J~D lli^
7
with a dot below the
en
hau the demonstrative pronoun,
oi
is
is
the personal pronoun hu,
ooi
6. 6. (1),
35, 37. (2)
The demonstrative
tn
resumes and
stantive clause, beginning with
with is
01
(3)
191.
Va
is
equivalent to a
the copula,
in apposition with the sub-
Vs, which precedes
noun absolute,
it.
The
95. 3, 135.
clause
1.
101.
This
names.
]oi.isaA^
is
is
an irregular plural from
pa^
name,
86. 14, 87. 29. "
y
192.
wifca^u^l
and
L.
V
have been transposed,
(1)
W.A.
(2)
It is Ethpe'el as is after the
L.
By
shown
(a)
21.
1.
by the absence of a vowel before or
(which her after transposition takes the place of the
first radical), (6)
(3)
was not found.
there
by the non-doubling of the second
radical.
there being but two syllables; the intensive and causative
passive having three. (4)
According to form, the 3rd masc. Perf.
this :
87. Imperfects
may have
The same form
particular case
is
to
is
1st pers. sing. Imperf., or
the sense requires the latter.
2.
88.
might be the
a,
Observations. i,
or u, under the 2nd. radical of the Pe*al.
often used in different senses, the sense in a
be determined by the context,
e.
g. w.fcs2ui,?
89. Clauses are substantive, adjective, or adverbial,
90. Notice the difference in
1618,
114.
mood denoted by
,
^ouLLciJ.
135.
the Imperfect in vs.
MANUAL. PABT I.
9a
3.
(1) (2)
(3)
Lomadh Olaph Lomadh Olaph Review,
Grammar.
60.
verbs,
verbs with suffixes,
27.
4
61.
MANUAL -PAET I.
make
that I shall be alone he will 9.
for
what he was
Adam
He
that
might see
193. s^h]o and he
Gen. IL
2125.
Notes.
1.
^M
a helper corresponding to me. to
calling them.
LESSON TWELVE.
Aph'el Perf. 1st form.
cant.
Cf.
155,
^of
187.
194. >^9o and he (1)
me
God formed them and brought them
99
slept*
"Wau has a helping vowel and with
forms a half-open syllable,
it
17. 4, 33. 2. (2)
<^? instead of s^? because 195.
and he
j-^o]o
196. gi.rt^i
closed.
Aph'el
in place of
41.
intransitive,
it.
1st form.
S,t^
>
like
1. (2).
Cf. 193, 155, 187.
many
other prepositions
takes the plural construct form before the pron. suffixes,
197. (1) (2)
s
The
nmj? which clause
is
The Perfect 198. ]ZJJJ
to
he
had
taken.
136.
adjective, is
77. 4.
used in the sense of our Pluperfect,
112.
1. (3).
quiescing,
34.2.
a woman.
(1)
The preposition ^ draws back the vowel the Olaph
(2)
The
(3)
The word is the indirect obj ect, the verb governing two obj ects, 125.3.
line
p
199.
.
with the
Nun
is
linea occultans,
11.
y
ou^|o
way-t^yoh, and he brought her.
(1)
01" is
the pron. suffix 3rd fem. (Cf.
(2)
^lJ\
is
the same form as >^hJ\
oiil^
102),
61.
190, the original consonantal y,
remaining before the suffix the preceding vowel having been volatilized
200. lis] is
i. e.
aytl
becomes
7. 3. (2) 6.
jJoi this time.
a demonstrative pronoun,
(1)
poi
(2)
The pronoun may precede 201.
ay-t^yoh,
hones. .aLo-^ wy
same as that of the
37.
or follow
The form
its
1.
noun,
102.
1.
of the const, plur. masc.
const, plur. masc. with the suffix 1st sing.,
is
the
77. 1.
MANU A L PART I.
1 00
wy flesh. Yudh designates my, appended The final Yudh in words like this
202. sya (1)
(2)
besr^,
An
Bern.
absolute,
50.
204.
^^^^"^
(1)
The Nun
(2)
The
it is
oi]
(3)
The Olaph throws back
before suffixes,
j-c)
123. 2.
206. waoJo and he shall
Lomadh and
quiesces in
(3).
cleave.
the 3rd. pers. sing. masc. Imperf. form ^alj, the
having been assimilated. nenkaph,
207. .c(a-.9Z
the
On the Dual 'fSio f.^
It is to be
Nun
pronounced nekkaph, from
18, 53.
Notice that there
is
Waw
no
two of them.
conversive in Syriac.
^'"iZ is
in Syriac, see
one
the construct of the
Dual ^iJ.
76. 5.
flesh.
(1)
For the order
(2)
The predicate noun
see,
absolute state,
209.
vowel to the
its
36.
1.
used in Syriac before the direct as well as before the
indirect object,
208.
87.
32. 3, 25. 2.
the P^thoho,
is
3rd sing. masc. after a vowel,
suffix
pronominal
is
46. 3. Note.
la-bhu, his father.
the form of
Lomadh
the passive Part. P*al fern. sing,
an Imperfect in t* of the simple stem,
(2)
52.
31. 3,
(he) shall forsaJce.
^01 is the is
is
taken,
she)
(1)
(2)
e,
prefixed denotes the 3rd person of the Imperfect.
o shows
This
pronounced like
76. 2.
1,
205. v9ia.{]
(1)
is
1.
203. |nifti3 {was
(4)
36.
99.
1.
Rem.
1.
adjective or participle
93. 4.
is
commonly put
in the
(2).
naked.
.^A^'LifL the sign of the masc. plur. absolute,
(1)
The ^^is
(2)
Notice the coincidence of the diacritical point of the r with one point of Rebbuy,
210. (1)
This
^Z3u is
76. 3, 93. 4. (2).
13. 2.
boh-ttn,
ashamed.
the Act. part, of the simple stem intheabs.plur.,
50. 1,76. 3.
MANUAL.
>
PART,!.,
/,''^
The singular is ZoLd, but the short vowel hardened when an affix is appended. See
2)
31. 3.
Rem.
is
92. Syllables
may be
Aw
94.
A Dual occurs
'.,:>'',
e is lost
'\
'' ',
^
\
;^t)l
and the Tau
30. 1, and compare
Observations.
open, closed, or half-open,
17.
does not contract into o in Syriac. in a
95. Changeable vowels
The predicate The
few instances.
may be dropped
in inflection,
7. 3. e. g.
adjective agrees with its antecedent in gender
and number, but not in 97.
]'
no "Waw conversive or consecutive in Syriac.
93.
96.
;
1.
2.
91. There
_
e.
state,
g. jntTtn, ,^>
rules for the assimilation of
Nun
TN j-^
are the same in Syriac as
Hebrew.
in
98.
Lomadh may be used
in Syriac before the direct as well as
before the indirect object. 99. Attributives usually follow the nouns, but occasionally they
precede.
100. Attributives agree with their nouns in gender, number, and state. 101. In stative verbs, the vowel in usually 102.
Some
prepositions take the plural form before suffixes.
3.
(1)
Pe Olaph Verbs,
Review,
to seize.
^^1
to
go out.
\z] to come,
26.
24, 25, 76, 77.
4.
^m\
Grammar.
55.
(2) Peculiarities of Gutturals, (3)
c.
V.
to close.
Word
Lesson.
^M
to bring.
waX
to learn.
%.s|
to
mourn.
III. to teach*
MANUAL PART L
'
'
;02
'
jsi^ to remember,
to bind.
fjo]
%JL upon, ^i:^.
for (before suffixes
See
77.
Adam
1.
Exercises.
slept because a sleep
was taken and the
God brought
to
Adam.
2.
had been
was closed
flesh
which had been taken from
the two of us be one flesh.
upon him and one of it; and the rib
cast
in place of
Adam was formed into a woman whom And when Adam saw her he said: this
be called woman and because that she
shall
(Plural form before
suffixes).
4.).
5.
his ribs
>o,-o before
Go
3.
ye out and say to
I will bind her and teach her not to mourn for her.
me and
my flesh shall the woman that
of
is flesh
4.
Bring her to
I will teach her to go out and to come in before thee.
5.
Re-
member God and he has remembered thy father and thy mother. 7. His flesh was eaten. 8. I 6. They shall be blessed who mourn. shall learn all that
learn.
9.
thou wilt teach
me
because I
I shall teach and ye shall learn
all
am
that
not ashamed to
is
written in this
good book.
LESSON THIRTEEN. 1.
'^'ll.
]oCT
m. 15.
NOIES.
^CLt^ was cunning. after a participial adjective predicate,
|ooi is enclitic
'{\)
Gen.
and hence the m has the linea occultans,
The
(2)
212. ((I)
participle
^
the simple passive in the absolute singular,
Men
50. 1.
from.
The point beneath shows mon,
(2)
is
127. 10,
11.
that it
is
to be read
men not man or
6. 6. (1).
after the adjective denotes the comparative,
101.
1.
213. 01.^ every. (1)
The point above shows the masculine
oi*.
that the suffix
See 102 and
is
the feminine
6. 6. (2) 6.
oi
and not
MANUAL -PART L (2)
For
214.
108.
construction, see
tlie
which
j-als.?
IO3
1. (4),
Rem.
97. B.
4.
had made.
(he)
introduces the relative or adjective clause which limits ]Zcui-i,
(1)
)
(2)
The Perfect here denotes our 215. IcntX
216. ^JJHi-^ (1)
l^] is the
(2)
t4^
94.
136.
1. (3).
1
^''w^y-
common ending
f
217. j^)
Pluperfect,
in apposition with i-*i^,
is
112.
hath
The Perfect
said.
(he)
for adverbs,
formative kattil,
89.
A.
3.
72. 2. (4). is
the Present Perfect,
112.1.(2). 218. (1)
5
^ol^U
135.
quotation, (2)
that ye shall not eat.
li?
introduces the objective substantive sentence, which
with the Imperfect
13
is
here a
3. (3).
may be
either "ye shall not" or "eat not".
114.1. 219. l^oll^
Lomadh, 220.
^?
135. 3.
221. (1)
?
The
the serpent.
to
indirect object
from.
introduces the
?
quotation
like
j-ia-.?,^^?
The copula is supplied and 222. .oovlis
mood,
all
'^Q-sJ.J tve
see
Latin,
which are in the Paradise.
introduces the relative or adjective clause,
223.
ut in
(4).
subject of the nominal sentence, (2)
introduced by
is
124.
of them,
may
eat.
is
136 and
is
the
130.
"in the Paradise"
is
the predicate,
a clause in apposition witji
For the use
1
30.
94.
>*V|.s,
1.
of the Imperfect as our Potential
114. 2.
224. .oZa^soZ
|J?
lest
ye
die.
This
is
an adverbial clause of
result,
137. 4.
225. ^SeV
is
an
Inf.
Absolute from
l^
to die.
adverbially to strengthen the cognate verb following,
It is here
119.
used
1. (1) a.
Compare the Hebrew. 226. reason,
5
'^-^ 137.
because that, introduces an adverbial clause of cause or
5. (2).
MANUAL.-PAET I.
104
227.
2nd
The
(2)
the Perfect used as a Present like the Greek
is
112. 2. (1).
5
i.:^Q-i.) that in the
?
introduces an objective substantive clause,
whole clause 138.
is
The is
?
is
future
by
the
;
50. 2; the
ie prefixed,
by
41. 4
Participle
Kushoy
is
in the future tense since
231. .nn^ltSyoMr
eyes.
The noun
Since the participle has no dual, .o2?-c<3i
2nd
104.
ye shall
1. (2).
1. (4).
is
is
it
Z shows
Z shows
fulfilled.
put in the plural,
pers. plur. personal pronoun,
the In-
introduces an apodosis,
not yet
the Act.
the
76. 4.
in the dual construct,
is
it is
This
be.
first
over the second
which depends on a protasis which
232.
The time
116.
mith-pat't^hon, shall be opened.
41. 4; the shows the fern, plur., ^
tensive,
the
protasis,
[ye\ shall he eating of.
a relative adjective agreeing with \^o^^
Reflexive,
The
"when" and introduces the
the clause "in the day in which",
Participle formed
(2)
The
137. 2.
Participle here denotes a state or continuous action.
230. ,--^^:ac (1)
135. 3.
3. (3).
made
The
(2)
that.
equivalent to
229. ^^Iks]? in ichich (1)
day
introduces an adverbial clause of time,
jv^i^
?
Mows
(he)
Perfect,
228. (1)
^^
76. 5. (2).
99. 2.
P*al Part,
plural and
which have coalesced.
See
35. 2. Note.
233.
vJLlk,-*
knowers
before an object,
The
of.
Part. Act. P*'al in the construct plural
The order
118. 2.
form but only in the connection,
2.
103.
1
001
when
it
of time
Observations.
unpronounced securing the linea occultans,
104.
The predicate
is
which has no absolute determined.
is
not involved in the
116.
follows the predicate
precedes or the sentence
is
verbal the
He is
is enclitic
vs. 1
;
and the
He
is
but when the subject
pronounced, see Gen. 1.2.
in the absolute state, unless state or unless it is
meant
to
it
be a noun
be specially
MANUAL.- PART I. 104
The comparative
a.
e.
compared, compared.
by
e.
,-iao,
usually expressed by putting the adjective
agreement as to gender and number with the noun to be
in
first,
is
105
the adjective, and ]^q.m
is
Va~*^
g.
The idea with which the comparison g. ]Za-i-i Vs.
the noun to be
is
made
is
is
preceded
105. Observe that a point above denotes ^ or o as distinguished
from
e, e.
106.
5
pronoun
g.
^Jic=men, but
may be
(like
^IT
_i^=waw
or mon, aC:i^=kuUoh, aC^skulleh.
either a demonstrative
or
Ji*
pronoun
like nt, or a relative
used relatively) or a conjunction.
107. Observe that there are in this lesson three ways of expressing the genitive relation.
(1) Ij-c?? |Zn>ii vs.
1.
(2)
^ "^ |
^'ij^ vs. 2.
"|
X
a:
(3) \sa^y^} oii^wlsas vs. 3.
108.
V.^
The form
in this lesson denotes, (1) a simple past,
a pluperfect,
Icci vs. 1, (2)
second '^\ in vs.
1, (4)
,-ai* vs. 1, (3) a
e.
g.
present perfect, e.g. the
a present (Grreek 2nd perfect)
''s.^
vs. 5.
109. "\Ve have in this lesson specimens of the three kinds of de-
pendent sentences,
(1) substantive
with
vs. 2,
e.
|3?
vs. 1,
^^5
the
first
e.
g. in the object clauses
jJ?
vs. 3,
g. in the relative clauses beginning with
jicols? vs.
^ZaiscZ
]]?
vs. 3,
110. There
is
of the Imperfect
and
i-r^i^?
vs. 2,
.a!:i]z
lest ye ^oZaioZ P
112.
V^u^ao vs. 5,
and that of the Imperative,
111. All the modes
we have
the clause of result
no way in Syriac to distinguish between the negative
Shalt not hilt' or ^hill not".
lesson
?
adjective
vs. 1, jjau^j^^? vs. 2,
vs. 3, vs. 5, (3) adverbial, e. g. in ^^jN-"]? ci2vL^liar:5
in the causal clause
beginning
5, (2)
|3
is
may be |J
ye
both
o'j
and
e.
i.
\qJ^Z
6
and
P
die, vs. 3.
not eat, vs.
ye
shall
1,
^^asp we
not die vs.
^thou
bi<.
expressed by the Imperfect.
shall
is
In
this
maj/ eat,
4.
Words denoting members
of the body which occur in pairs and a few other words have a separate form for the dual in the absolute state.
taking
its
In
place.
all
other cases the dual has disappeared, the plural
MANU AL.-PART I.
106
Grammar.
3.
Wau
(1) fi
59.
verbs,
Wau,
(2) Peculiarities of
27, 29, 58, 60.
Keview,
(3)
27.
Word
4.
Lesson.
v^^a4
>aJ8 to put.
Ij-.?
fi.-^ to die.
\L] hand,
w^^
>.j^S head.
to curse.
to be
'^1
to
flL,
ua^
^
moved.
watch.
1
to
jLl^^^ ?
city.
>cj-o before.
prepare.
5.
The beast
87. 2.
lest.
13?
II. to be anxious.
-
habitation, divelling,
]Lc1js covenant.
,J io shake.
1.
to defile.
^cld to stand, arise.
Exercises.
of the field ate the fruits of the trees
the midst of the paradise.
2.
The woman
which (were)
in
said to the serpent that the
beast which (was) in the field prudent was from [was more prudent than] every serpent of paradise.
3.
which
(are) in the field all of them.
know
that in the day that I eat
die.
5.
Ye
have cursed
(
The man 4.
35. 2) of
God and he
shall eat of the fruits
I shall not eat of it
it
I shall surely (abs.
Inf.)
will prepare a habitation for you.
The woman stood and put her hand upon my head and
6.
because I
said:
Ac-
cursed (be) thou and mayest thou die (thou shalt die) because thou hast been defiled. 8.
The whole
(VI
stem).
9.
city
Watch ye (II stem) lest ye shall be defiled. was moved because the dwellings had been shaken 7.
He was
anxious lest they should establish (cause to
stand) a covenant with the city. 1 1
.
Put thy hand on
his
head and
10. I died that ye might not die.
bless
him before he
die.
MANUAL PART I.
LESSON FOURTEEN. 1.
107
m. 614.
Gen.
Notes.
234. i-i^? that [was] good. 9
(1)
(2)
135. 3.
introduces the object clause, -^'^^^
the predicate, placed regularly and in the absolute state,
is
I
99. 2. (3)
The
235. coijiuU (1)
The
130.
clause is nominal,
1.
reg-gHhau.
ooi is enclitic,
and hence
its oi is silent
with the preceding original a into au or aw, (2)
The noun has no absolute find
236.
it
\
But
here.
i*Vi\
state.
see also,
If
it
and
u
its
coalesces
101, 23. 4.
had we would expect to
93. 2. (1).
or for seeing.
to see
The preposition takes a before the unvowelled consonant, 34. 3. -^ comes from mehwar from mahwar; wa going over regularly I
(1) (2)
into
59.
0,
29. 5. (3).
1,
237. [^].sZ| were opened.
The
(1)
final
Yudh
is
found in some manuscripts and omitted in others.
It is the sign of the fem. plural, (2)
The Reflexive
(2)
The Kushoy over the stem,
is
used here as a Passive, L.
made
41. 4.
denotes doubling and hence the intensive
41. 2 and 10. 2.
238. They
43. 5.
(2).
for themselves garments.
of a verb with a direct
and an indirect
For the construction
object, see
125.
3. (2).
239. x^oiio [as he was] walking. (1)
The form
(2)
The construction corresponds
is
the intensive participle abs. sing.,
accusative of condition,
(1)
*i^\
240.
Ilco-i?
241.
[a].i-4-^z] they
01
lit.
137.
to
the
Hal
50. 2.
in Arabic,
at the turnings of that which is day,
hid themselves,
Some manuscripts omit
o.
e.
g. the
7.
97. B.
MANUAL.-PAET I.
108
The masculine gender
(2)
is
The Eeflexive sense 242. lZ}^ for
olL who
243. 39.
hezt/eth
Rem.
from
Olaph
245.
I
29. 4.
haz(d)yith,
The form
(4),
60. 1.
a contraction of
is
sxm with
The verb
is
man and
the Pa*el Perfect of the
the pronominal suffix of the
^t"^? which I commanded
hu,
2nd masc.
Lomadh
sing.,
61.
thee,
oO^
and translated "from which",
>
must be taken along with
(2)
?
introduces a relative clause limiting |TNt|,
(3)
Pakkedhtokh
(1)
has two
4.
244. -^^^ haw-w^yokh. verb.
it
brought out clearly in this form.
is
he.
[is]
when
121. 6. Rem, 2.
and the other feminine,
subjects one masculine (3)
preferred in the verb,
104. 2. Rem,
2nd masc. 246. \^hS\
is
woman
is
resumed by
s^oi.
It stands in the nominative
95. 3.
absolute,
247. alLo what
The form
[is] he.
39. Rem. 4, 23. 4.
limited
The hu
is
is
contracted from mono and hu^
here used as copula, the demonstrative
by the relative making the predicate,
248. vZ,-ai!? which thou
from ^Ll\ 2nd 249. (1)
The
(2)
^
suff.
51. 3.
sing. the
136.
the intensive Perf. 1st. sing, with the pron.
(f.)
hast done.
fem. sing. pers. pron.,
v.ll^[ We-y6. line under 'fi is Mehagyono,
is
101.
The ending >Z
35.
1,
is
derived
43.
12. 1.
the pron. suffix of the 1st sing.
36. 1.
The Olaph denotes the causative stem, 42. 3. 60. (4) The Yudh shows that the verb is a Lomadh Olaph (Yudh) verb, -^ 250. cursed is the pass. part, of the simple stem from the I
(3)
fi
"Waw
verb, awi going over into
251. <,ilL thy
lives,
*,
59. 3.
36. 1.
2.
Observations.
113. Nominal clauses are those which have a noun for predicate, e.
g, the clauses
beginning with
,
i^4>? vs. 6;
,^i>S^p.?
vs. 7; \k*]
MANUAL. PART I. VS. 9
Jillr^? vs.
;
and
1 0,
11; oli^
vs.
vs.
109
13; w^ui^ vs.
1 4.
Verbal
sentences are those whose predicate and copula are a verbal form,
the sentences beginning with Z\t^o vs. 6,
114.
As
in
copula, vss. 6,
115.
^nml
Hebrew, the personal pronoun 1 1
denoted by the forms of the verb, compare Infinitive is really a verbal
a noun and governs like a verb,
dition
is
lative
nominal
>aoi,
noun
vs. 12. i.
e. it is
governed like
The same forms are used to denote the Keflexive and
Passives.
See
The
e.
g.
Va)v^\
for eating^
120.
participle
n
>
4 ^Z] vs. 8, for
when used
the latter s*^LsZ| vs. 7.
like the
Arabic accusative of con-
indefinite but agrees with its antecedent in
119. "When the relative 9
to emphasize the persons
iVi\ for
For the former compare 118.
frequently used as a
is
\
looking at, vs. 6.
117.
g*
vs. 7 etc.
and 13.
The personal pronouns may be used
116. The
e.
is
placed
suffix
first
is
to be governed
as usual
number and gender.
by a preposition the
re-
and the preposition follows with a pro-
agreeing in gender and number and person with the
antecedent of the relative. 120.
Nouns are frequently placed
in
an abnormal position
at the
beginning of a sentence, their place in the sentence being assumed a pronoun, 121. context.
e.
The
relative time of the participles is to
Compare ^5vio
vs. 8
3.
(1)
by
g. ]ZL2] vs. 12.
Guttural verbs,
52.
with ^.Ju^^
Gbammab.
be gathered from the
vs. 14.
MANUAL. PART I.
1 10
wiiQJ
to he light.
hffiJ
to
sJOaJ to slay.
praise. be able,
to
k.1
\
adoZ
admire,
to
^aJ
to keep.
j.^
I^sej
5.
Adam
1.
the
Where
3.
the
go
thou
(art)
the desire of
(f.),
woman gave some (^)
and they saw
to scatter.
mother.
to look at.
my
2.
4.
eyes?
The mother
good
of
for eating.
The husband
of
of the fruit to his father and to his mother
which
(masc.) that the tree from it)
out.
to fall.
that the fruits of all the trees (were)
was taken from ate
to
Exercises.
saw that the true was good
man saw
nql
\1li
to break.
jLz
to take,
was pleasant
was taken (which
it
to the eyes of both of
and praised God, who had made them
the dust.
(^)
it
them and they
Adam
5.
ate and knew that he was naked and he sewed the leaves of a figtree and
made
him an apron. 6. My mother heard the Lord walking garden and she hid herself in the midst of a figtree which was for
7.
garden.
At
Adam, where
my
art
thou?
And I saw God
likeness walking in the garden.
thee that I and
heard it
the turnings of the day I heard a voice saying,
9.
this.
will fall,
my
wife are naked.
H
(m.). .
my
LESSON FIFTEEN. 1,
|inn^|\sa
This
word 96.
is
{the)
eld^bhobho,
1. a.
Who
told
it
(m.),
go out
(f.),
will shine, I shall
him because he was able
to slay
mother with me.
Gen.
III.
1524.
Notes.
enmity.
an abstract noun in
b^'
Adam,
Behold from the serpent hast thou
10. I admire
I cannot take
in the
and according to
I said to the Lord:
he caused to break, praise ye (Pa' el),
the Tanninin.
(1)
my image
Surrounding, he shall take, keep thou
not want, sow ye
252.
8.
in
in the
enemy,
^o*)
75. 4, derived from the
compound
of
\J^
lord
compound
and l.is?
fly,
MANUAL.-PAET I.
j
H
Most nouns with this ending are found only in the emphatic state, and
(2)
when the
are consequently often used
253. ( 1)
The Olaph
(2)
The
(3)
This
is
the sign of the
comes from
yi,
the only 'E
Yudh
.i.^
is
E Waw
is indefinite,
59.
pers. sing, of the Imperfect,
Rem.
2,
verb which
Rem.
59. 6.
verbs,
first
29. 4.
(4).
dijBfers
in
vioin
45.5.
any respect from
2.
254. wA^o^J from nedh-ivush, ivu becoming u, 255.
93,2.(1).
I put.
will
>awao)
idea
29.
7. (1), 59. 2.
tem-Moo.
t'iiVZ
Notice the peculiar diphthong, pronounced like e^ in they followed
(1)
by
00 as in hoohy,
the pron.
8. 1. (1).
3rd. masc. sing.
This
(2)
^5io
after the
vowel
e,
(3)
The
Yudh
belongs to the root of the verb
is
first
sufi".
61.
36,
preformative for the 2nd pers. Imperf., 256.
n
t
the idea of the verb,
257.
^
The
Imperf.,
45.
(2)
The root
is
The
at the
end
is
text has
259.
2nd fem.
Yudh
by mistake
the
49. 2. It strengthens
beeing changed to Olaph after the
is
e for i
58. 2.
under the preformative.
an irregular plural from
-i-szi sing.
60 from P-s. neshtallat.
jjd son,
This
thou turn thyself.
shalt
260. w4ill.ju^
is
Note the transposition of the Z when
Vi* introduces the causal adverbial clause, which
?
the protasis; the apodosis beginning with )4~il^, 1
86. 16, 87. 10.
the Ethp^'el Imperf.
21.1.
before a sibilant,
1
predicate
130.
is
the sufi'ormative of the 2nd fem. sing, of the
,J:L, the
258. I""*^ sons,
262.
Taw
1 1 9.
preformatives of the Imperf. P'al,
261.
the
^!ik]Z shalt thou hear.
(1)
(3)
;
45.
an Inf. abs. of the Aph'el stem,
uTtrNn is
the regular form
is
1,
'^ of
is
in the fem. abs. sing, of the pass, participle.
the
99, 2.
nominal
clause
of which -
is
nere
137. 5.
^9]
is
the
It is the subject,
MANUAL.-PART L
112
263. qiiSilZ thou shalt eat (1)
The form fixes the
of the verb is
o*'
[of]
it,
when without the
changed
suffix is
^asjz; with
(volatilized) to a half-vowel,
7.
suf-
1. (3),
7. 3. (1), 31. 1. (2)
After a vowel, the 3rd fem. pron.
(3)
The union vowel
marked with a
264. ]LoZ shall (1)
^
diacritical point over
it
it,
m simply, which is 6. 6. (2). 36 and
of the Imperf. 3rd sing. masc.
^ before the pron. 3rd
regularly
suffix is
and
sing. masc. or fem.
like forms is
See
51.
D.
2.
bring out.
the sign of the fem. 3rd sing., prefixed in the Imperfect,
is
often
45. 2.
^
The vowel
(2)
with the preformative denotes the Causative stem,
42.5.
The
(3)
"Wau
original
of
not passing over into as in
into
governs a relative, the
comes
preposition
suffix agreeing in
104.
the
01
(1)
M,
><(3i
is
e.
from which.
^*M is
she is put here for emphasis, hi is to
by a pronominal
^*^ the predicate, the
6. 6. (2) &,
is
the sub-
136.1. (1).
its
antecedent in gender and
A Yudh
is
inserted before the plural
pronoun
86. 13. suffix for the is
prosthetic,
10.
3rd plural with
used instead,
his hand. '
is
?
copula being unexpressed,
There being no pron.
verbs, the independent personal (jTj-]
which
99. 2.
.Qjj them.
Olaph
The point under
living.
ending in a number of feminine nouns,
(1)
101.
be read and not hoy,
an adjective and agrees with
number,
270.
nor contracting
stands at the head of the sentence and the
268. lajJU^as, sing. lj-Zaa.
269.
1
"When the preposition
really a complete relative sentence, of
ject and (2)
it i.
after in the sentence followed
which [w]
>A^9
This
58.
gender and number with the antecedent of the relative,
shows that
267.
verbs remains in the Aph'el,
as in the P^'al,
Bern.
2.
266.
?
Wau
58. 3.
Hebrew,
265. oUic? which from
Pe
Yudh
36. 2.
MANU A L.
Hebhoo
(2)
(3)
For the
is
a helping vowel,
P ART
for
nessabh
1 j3
20, Bt^m. 2, 33. 1.
irregularities of j-, see
271. waii
I.
87. 2.
Nun
the
nensabh,
being
assimilated,
18. 1, 53. 2.
]^
272.
he shall
This
live.
is
the Imperfect P^'al from
).^^.
See
64. 6.
273. ai.as]o (1)
01* is
(2)
The
(3)
The
tvapp^keh,
the pron. suffix 3rd masc. sing.,
Wau
the latter quiescing,
form of
full
34. 2, 25.
wjas]
This
Rem.
1.
an adjective clause, the predicate being in the
is
its
44,
Rem.
ws
fern. abs.
99. 2.
antecedent,
The Kukhokh under the
shows that
this is the Ethpe'el,
1. 2.
122.
suffix,
53. 2.
Wau,
jlisffiiw^? ivhich ivas turning itself,
sing, agreeing with (2)
The Nun has
a construct plur. before a clause beginning with a
96. 4.
preposition,
(1)
is
1. (2).
has become a half vowel before the
has been thrown back to the
274. vJLikJ,^
275.
A.
was ^-najf the usual Aph'el.
been assimilated, the the
36, 51.
being unvowelled has drawn back the vowel of the Olaph
The composition
of
Observations.
two nouns to express one idea
is
occasion-
ally found in Syriac.
123.
The
differentiations for gender,
number and person
in the verb
are denoted by pre- and sufformatives.
124. Notice the importance of learning the contractions of
and Yudh with the vowels, 125. There
somewhat 126.
is
e.
^. in >a.jo1
a diphthong eu found in Syriac which is pronounced
like Italian eu in etifcnia.
The Infinitive is used absolutely to
verb which
it
intensify the idea of a cognate
precedes.
127. Instead of an adjective agreeing in definiteness with cedent,
Waw
and ^^0|J.
we
frequently find a relative clause,
e.
g. w^^?.
its
ante-
1 1
MANUAL PART I.
4
128. There are a great
many
must be learned one by one.
|^.J-Zaa,
86, 87.
Olaph verbs and Lomadh Olaph Guttural verbs,
56, 57.
3. '
(1) (2)
irregular plurals in Syriac which
Review
Compare
j^^JLs,
Grammar Lesson.
55, 52, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33.
4.
Word
List.
MANUAL.-PART 1
LESSON SIXTEEN. 1.
276. The point under the ^,.li-
^
and the
in Zj^i^l
the point above the
Koph
.115
Gen. IV.
113.
Notes.
Nun
in
Ll^h and
under the
shows that these are the 3rd
Lomadh fern,
in
sing.;
in 2liJLo denotes the first peron singular,
6. 6. (3).
277.
58. 2.
j^l.:^,
278. soia^|] his brother. A
The Lomadh
(1)
(2) \^]
is
the sign of the direct object,
and
brother,
father insert o
|js|
87. 1.
sing.,
279. \Lb The point over the *E shows that this
under would denote a Perfect (Comp. construction with or governing,
The
dots over
280. bb^
{.l^^k
^Lf
282.
^jl^,
21.
284.
wf^sZl
form to show that
/*
287. |^9Z
(1)
sentence
^ is
A.
The Eebbuy
13
is
put with
this
43. B. 5.
138.
''s.-^.s)
of the
a
t class,
67.
Jol^
is
69.
us go.
let
that the preformative
The Imperfect 289.
64. 4.
1. (2).
not a 3rd fem. sing.
as well as the 3rd person, (2)
|z|,
of the one short vowel class of nouns,
is
Remember
118. 2, 123,
90.
introduces the conditional protasis,
a class;
288. Ijji
in the accusative,
).llk
41. 3, 42. 5, 45. B. 2, 52. 3.
285. jl^l,
286. J
It is either in
1,22.4.
52. 3, 43. it is
;
Aph'el Perf. 1st form from
56. 2, 25.
wi.U4,
a participle a point
some.
he brought.
283.
is
jic] vs. 10).
denote the collective, see
,-io after
281.
of the a
123.
before suffixes except the 1st
is
Nun
denotes the 1st pers. plur.
45. 10.
used for the 1st person of the Imperative,
when introduces an adverbial clause of time, nominal,
290. ,A^|? of
mg
130. brother*
1.
1
14. 1.
137. 2.
The
MANUAL.-PART I.
lie
When
(1>
it
a noun in the genitive
separated from the noun on which
is
depends, the latter takes a pron. suffix agreeing in gender and
number with the governed noun and the 97. B. Rem. 2. "
The vowel
(2)
genitive
is
291.
^the voice of the blood of him who is thy brother,
292.
^ZZ?
Tettel
(1)
is
(2)
it
68. 5, 97.
A. B.
should give=to give.
third fern, from tuttel which
clause
an adverbial clause of
is
expressed by the Infin.,
293.
?,
is
the singular Imperf. of
64. 7.
wsoul,
The
that
preceded by
See 277 above.
7. 2. (4).
heightened from^,
is
120.
137. 4 which
result,
1. (3)
is
often
and see 276 above.
zo-ydy a fugitive.
"^1]
(1)
The a
(2)
The Olaph
instead of e is
is
because of the guttural,
inserted in the
1. (1).
form of the Participle of 'EWaw
first
verbs, taking the place of the
26.
Compare the Hemsa
59. 4.
Yudh,
in Arabic.
This Olaph
(3)
294 i.
e.
(1)
my
pronounced like Yudh,
is
V=5
lit.
great
sin is too great to
is
2. (1).
my folly from that which
The comparative degree
is
by placing the idea with which
(2)
V.01
is
^JS^,
by putting the be compared and
generally expressed
adjective first in agreement with the
preposition
can be remitted
be remitted.
is
it
noun
to
to be
compared
after the
100.
here used as a copula,
101.
It is to
be noted that the
copula also agrees with the subject of the nominal sentence. (3)
^ZnSnra the uth
(4)
my
is
nn4Sn\> which,
folly or sin.
The
is
the 1st pers. pron. suffix,
the abstract fern, ending, lit.
that which is to remit.
104. 2.
(1).
The
Infin.
has the sense of "may" or "can",
36;
75. 4.
The
?
is
preceded by 120.
often used for that
Lomadh sometimes
1. (5).
MANUAL, PAET L
2.
129.
The
J 17
Observations.
distinction of forms as well as vowels
critical points is to
The student
130. Every point and sign denotes something. far
by means of
dia-
be noted. is
now
enough advanced not to proceed without knowing every verse
thoroughly. 131. "When a noun or verb
forms already learned, look in
is
irregular,
62
i. e.
64, 86, 87.
132. Idioms should be carefully observed and to
memory,
e.
ht^
g.
^Jsc, vs. 3,
not according to the
,\|Vi\
if
possible committed
i^aao], vs. 2.
133. Try to remember the euphonic changes such as permutation
and transposition and 134. Classify,
if
assimilation.
possible, every
noun accoramg
to its original form.
It gives accuracy, especially in reading unpointed texts.
135. Memorize
all particles.
3.
(1) 'fi'fi verbs, (2)
Bead over
(3)
Eeview,
It saves time to
do
Grammar Lesson.
54.
the declension of nouns, 76, 77.
78
85.
so.
MANUAL.-PAET t.
118 >1:ujC
^
jio to be bitter^
suddenly.
IJU voice,
?
5.
.
to
made
be
bitter.
\Lso9b persecution,
1
lY.
i*i
aVi Messiah,
Exercises.
I suffered persecution because I had divulged the judgment of Grod.
2. Gro in
and
live in the
land whose gold (which her gold) you have
3. They (fem.) trembled and bent their faces to the earth. The good youth cherished his old father (his father the old) and his old mother. 5. Let God be magnified and let me humble myself before
coveted. 4.
him.
Embittered
6.
(shall be) his spirit
when
the voice of
sound the judgment because he has rejected the Spirit of
brooded over the face of the
waters when God had
God
shall
God which
created the heavens
and the earth and overshadowed the mother of the son of God, before that she conceived and brought forth the Messiah.
7.
Eve added
to
bear Abel the brother of Cain; and after some days Cain
who
the soil (was working in the earth) brought as a gift to the
Lord some
of the fruits of his soil and the
Lord looked not with
tilled
favor on his
gift,
because he had not done well.
LESSON SEVENTEEN. 1.
^95. >^&.Ad|
appekton,
Notes.
51. B. 3. Notice that the union vowel of
the 2nd pers. masc. sing, with suffixes
Some
296. .f^f^.
1428.
Gen. IV.
is o.
prepositions take the plural form before suffixes,
77. 4.
297.
]o(n\
293.
?
^
has the point above to denote the
Vs
299. .liZsIS.
The second vowel
300. |.^nAr fM one for seven 301.
^hl
107.
every one who,
two.
i.
e.
is
first
person,
7.
added,
seven fold.
33. 3.
6. 6. (3).
MANUAL. PAKT I. (1) (2-)
The numbers one and two agree with For the position and date, sed 110. 302.
their nouns in gender. 1.
The preposition Lomadh sometimes denotes the
^j^ioiiik.
98. 1.
genitive,
303.
119
who
,-*.*]?
which are used
This
hold.
is
one of the few passive participles
an active sense,
in
117. 4.
304. ^01 takes up and makes emphatic the
jJ.
which precedes,
95. 3, 101.
305. oiH. his
Heth,
23.
306. ^ASSnA> *Zo,
307. (1)
is
An
sister.
Olaph has been rejected from before the
1. (1).
the
is
same
in the
2nd fem.
place,
19. 1. (1)
is occult,
occultans,
number and
(2)
state,
began he (or
^-^
Either the subject
denoted by the linea
1.
they).
is
that the verb
Seth, or the verb
is
is
Pa*
el,
impersonal,
6. 6.
122.
Observations.
2.
Pay
is
nouns and agree with them in gender,
93. 3, 99.
The dot above the Shin shows
136.
and hence
11.
(2) Attributives follow their
(1)
48. 2.
59. 2.
|.jj-l another,
The Olaph
308.
plur. of the Imperative in a,
attention to the union vowels of the different forms of
the verb before the various suffixes.
137.
prepositions take the plural, some the singular, form
Some
before suffixes,
e.
g.
V:^ and
>c,-d
take the plural form,
^
and
>a:^
the singular. 138. There in Syriac.
ceded by 139.
is
a
number
of
ways of expressing the
The most common
Va
The
is
and followed by
way
indefinite
pronoun
have the interrogative pronoun pre-
?.
rules for cardinal
140. Notice the fourth
to
numbers are the same
as in
Hebrew.
of expressing the genitive relation, vs. 20.
MANUAL.-PAET I
120
141.
Some
participles
which are passive in form are active in sense,
vs. 21.
e. g.
^.-.-mI,
word or
142. In looking for the derivation of a ill
the cognate languages, always see
has been rejected or not,
e.
3.
(1)
Doubly
Weak
(2)
Read over
(3)
Review
h^,
g.
first, if
possible,
the classifications of nouns,
66
75.
61.
Word
Lesson. to desire.
s.u\^Z]
]jo]
to heal.
\^y\ alms.
%di^3
to rest.
1-4.50.0
to reject.
^aM
to
(m.) holiness,
\o^^joy.
show.
V^9Qo
city.
\\^ to rebuke.
\ioh^ virgin,
J
Qli^ request.
to sigh.
wc|z| ]o1z)
\*^ girl.
to desire.
to
agree
|
5.
The Lord
m aV
Messiah,
Exercises.
said to the girl I will heal thee
and
holiness.
3.
Lord and he caused them
He
when she
sees
5.
A
4.
The
virgin will
son has been born to the virgin and thou
name Messiah.
shall
girls
thee because thou hast rebuked her and hast
not reject his request.
and there
The
caused Cain to rest in the city which his son had built
rejected her request. shalt call his
2.
to be rejected from the city of
because he desired that he should not be killed. sigh
put a sign
will
on thee and cause thee to dwell in the land of Nod. tempted the
letter
62.
Verbs,
IjoJ to tempt.
J.J
whether a
vs. 22.
Grammar Lesson.
4.
1.
for its equivalent
7.
6.
Be thou
agreeing with him and do
Give alms to every one who asketh of thee
be joy to thee.
MANUAL. PABT L
LESSON EIGHTEEN.
(1) This
is
This
(2)
lit.
for what?
the adverbial accusative of cause.
is
common form
the
noun,
311. Ji^h
86. 3.
Singular jLtfoj.
a fem. plur. of the Perf. from a
is
Lomadh Olaph Verb,
1.
312.
vowel
e,
313.
The
(1)
of the neuter of the interrogative pro-
39.
310. Izaicf the peoples,
60.
Psalm H.
Notes.
1.
309. IILd why?
121
],.*.s|
Note the insertion of the helping
as one.
together, lit.
33. 4.
wT^?
he who
relative
sitteth.
sometimes stands for "he who", "that which"
?
etc.,
104. 2. Rem. (2)
The
(3)
For the form,
participle denotes customary actions or a continuous state,
116. 2.
314.
I^ifl^lj
see
99. 2.
from al-yimeth, from akwimeth,
denotes the causative,
(1)
I
(2)
Z
denotes the 1st person sing, of the Perfect,
315. ..j^'^malk^,
316. (1)
?
59.. 3.
41. 3.
is
):ifi.*J9 that
he
my
may
43. 5.
36, 31. Bern. 1.
king, declare.
a conjunction introducing the adverbial clause of purpose,
137. 4. (2)
(3)
The verb
is Ethp'^'el,
formative,
45. It
is
41. 4, Imperfect, as
shown by the pre-
determined as 3rd person sing, in distinction
from the first plur. by the sense. Lomadh Olaph, The Shin and Tau have been transposed, 21. 1.
60.
317. ^'^'idh^hher^. 135.
3. (3).
of the final
Yudh,
introduces the quotation,
(1)
?
(2)
For the pronunciation 318.
^.U
56.
2,
25.
1. (2),
see
31.
Rem.
32. 3.
Q
1.
MANUAL. PART L
12,2
319. ai^flj| 320.
321.
e is
pronunciation of the guttural,
28. 2.
(2).
the regular pron. suffix 3rd. sing. masc. after a verbal form
of the plural ending in a consonant,
The vowel u
(2)
11. Bern., 48. 3.
12. Bern.,
a helping vowel inserted to
^9i..iJO|.Msfo.
.*ai-. is
(1)
24. 2,
The second
fear.
]wI:^.m9
facilitate the
30. 2.(1).
21.1,
and
32.
of the Imperat.
is
51.
A.
shifted before suffixes,
1.
322. ^Vjcio introduces the adverbial clause of cause,
The
323. f2^ burneth. 116.
as continuing,
137. 5.
participle denotes a state, or action viewed
1.
^S^oZi those who
324.
51. E.
2.
117. 4, 99.
trust,
2,
104. 2. Bern,
Observations.
143. Nouns and pronouns may, without any change of accidence, be treated as the Arabic adverbial accusative or the Latin oblique cases to denote cause, time etc.
Some
144.
irregular plurals are formed
the regular ending,
e.
I^a^l,
g.
by
inserting
145.
Compound words are occasionally met with,
146.
Remember
when followed by with
"Wau before
vs. 1.
the use of the relative
?
\t^t
vs. 2.
in the sense of **he
who"
e.
g.
a participle vs. 3 and compare the Greek and
Hebrew
the article.
147. Notice
Hebrew
how
often the Syriac translators have changed the
Imperfects, Perfects etc. into different tenses,
Imperfects in vss.
1
and 2 have been changed
e.
g.
the
into Perfects.
Hebrew Let the
student hereafter note these changes and seek their cause. 148. Notice the light which a study of this psalm throws on the
Syrian translators' views of the text, grammar and exegesis of the psalm, 1
e.
g. islo^-ol vs. 6,
\-^ vs. 12
etc.
49. Notice the differences as well as the similarities between the
Syriac and the
Hebrew
in rootj
form and construction,
i. e.
as to roots.
MANUAL. PART I.
123
consider (1) sometimes the same root has a dififerent meaning in the
two languages, e. g. "K^^i^ ^-^^ r^j w^^^. (2) Sometimes the same idea has a different make,
to form. 3.
Grammar Lesson.
1.
Anomalous and Defective Verbs,
2.
Numerals,
3.
Bead,
4.
Review
88.
63, 65, 86, 87.
43, 45, 53, 54.
64.
root,
e.
g* to forsake, to
MANUAL PART IL
1 24
PART
n.
Notes.
Jonah 325. 120.
^^1^^ 1. (3)
For the idiom compare the Hebrew and
saying.
and note 139.
326. "^f ''Go'\
I.
(2).
64. 1.
Imperative from^]],
327.
\'LiJ^m^dhito,
328.
oui^i^ against her.
see
18. 2.
city,
Vlk takes a plural form before
suffixes,
77. 4, as also >o^.
329. An\m, 330.
64. 8. 64. 3.
n J\,
>
331. i\^ Part. act.
fern,
from Vl,
54. 3.
VLS
is
the Infin. of
the same. 3t)2. its
Notice the position of the adjective after
\h^''>.
agreement with 333.
w^)
in gender,
it
number and
91.
state,
its
each.
(2)
The Olaph is occult, 19. 1. For the use of w^j] for the indefinite pronoun,
(3)
w^j] when denoting each or every one takes a plural verb,
(1)
See further, 334.
61.2.
plural,
oZ
337.
pron.
suff.
340.
1.
124.
5,
101. B.
1. (1)
Bern. 3.
III. stem Imperf. 3rd sing, with pron. suff. 1st
a*
contracted from ay,
is
Imperat. from ]2[,
let
29. 3.
(1).
64. 4.
us Tcnow, 1st pers. plur. Imperfect I stem from
1.
12, show thou us.
1st plur.,
olL
121. 2.
54.
an ethical dative,
nedda,
1.
107. 2.
10.
58. 2. Bern. .a-i
is
11, come.
1.
338. '^^ ^l^, 339.
1.
'E'E verb,
stem.
335. 01^ line 8
^^
see
90. 4. Bern. 2.
V
^g'snl
336.
noun and
1.
Ill stem Imperat. sing. masc. with
61. 3.
13, what is?
103.
1. (1),
39. Bern. 4,
23. 4. (1).
MANUAL. PABT n. 341. ]L] tvhat?
103. 2. (2) Rem. This
39. JRem, 3,
rogative adjective separated from
342.
1. o^l^i p. 12, 343. |.ij| the men.
is
an inter-
noun by the personal pronoun. 1.
Rebbuy denotes
the collective,
90.
1.
See
333 above.
also
344. jiilJ, 345. o
46. 1.
137. 4.
that,
(1).
^ n'snn ^ Imperat.
346.
51, 36.
1,
32.
1.
348.
1.
>.iw^.Ji.i>o
fern. plur.
2nd masc.
plur. with pron. suff. 1st sing.,
1.
347. ^ojiJvf
the
its
34. 2, 33.
1,
125
61.
3.
4,
1. (3).
on account of me.
form before
suffixes,
The preposition ^4^:^ takes is written 89. B. (6). The
with the Yudh, but belongs to the oai following, the occult because the pronoun
is
He
enclitic,
having become Since a vowel
19. 2. (4).
cannot begin a syllable, the last consonant of the preceding word draws to
it
the vowel of the He,
vowel,
same
forms a diphthong with the u.
it
is
349.
true of ^ct.
^QJ^,
350.' Q-yi^l
1.
''thou shalt not"
353.
354.
^a^
115.
jJ,
and
90. 1,
1.
3.
The Syriac does not
They took Jonah.
emphasize the object, see
^J.
A
123. 2.
?
Ill stem, 51.
358. \1:<.Z\. 13, 359.
^g^-X,
56. 4.
126. 4.
II.
1. 6,
Rem. 59.
123. 2.
5.
(6).
13, 33. 2, 34. 3, 77, 97.
110,
87. 19.
1. (1).
of the pron.
(5). (6). (7). (8).
"
^ffiai^,
distinguish between
For the use
See
cognate accusative.
356. 1. ai:
357.
The
64. 3.
Jonah 355.
ooi jj) 22. 15.
''do not".
^(no^a..^,.
|w^?.
Compare
19. 2. (1) a, 64. 1, 116. 1. (3) a.
352. ^:ca--*Z
suffix to
1,
20. Rem.
6,
351. looi^jf,
in a
^oi ]^-^ 22. 12.
Compare
37. 2, 102.
word end
If the preceding
16. 2.
B
(1).
MANUAL. PABT H.
126 r
360.
Rem.
77, 82.
^fiaii.,
361. -li^,
61.
36.
1,
Some
362. v^Nf^o.
7.
1.
verbs in Syriac, as in other languages, take a 123.
preposition before their object,
363. ^-V^*^ ^^^ 94. 6.
364.
is
367. ^j.)
on me,
V
stem Part, from ^^J,
hay -yay,
Im^^
372.
?
9
\i
its
bands on
.
my
For the
face,
i. e,
life.
reflexive verb with
^f!^:i,uai
107.
whoever,
>o^
99.
7, 8,
109.
whatsoever,
object, see
sayiiiy,
120.
1.
Rem.
and
3.
108. 2.
III.
1. (1),
Izi]^. For
the form, see
377.
^]w9 great
to, i. e.
B.
71. 1, 75.
^
the greatest city,
100. 2.
378. |.AS!nwLo shall be overturned. The participle
379. ot^'l,
n4n\
111. 3, 116. lit.
her men,
382. (nlw^as his throne,
(5).
defined as future
1. (2) b.
their magnates.
For the helping Rebhoo,
is
19. 1. (1), 77.
they clothed themselves
381. ^c3i-iJjC509
(1).
1. (3).
376.
by the J^l-L:^,
126. 2.
1. (3).
110. A.
^^T^f ^^9^?,
375. j:;^Ua^
an
thy holy temple. Notice that the pronoun follows
Jonah
380.
my
64. 8.
t ii
-^Jis^Zl
373.
(3).
58. 3.
earth laid hold with
th".
135. 3.
41. 4.
the noun and not the adjective,
374.
thy waves),
1. (3).
368. aJocf, ;
relative introduces the quotation,
(n.I-j.aaa
105.
V
The
here reflexive,
366. waiaio.
371.
of them,
(all
12. 1.
>^.iIX^,
365. L-a^9Z|5.
370.
5.
thy waves
all
(1).
The stem
369.
.onlifca
see
ivith,
126. 2.
The Singular
33. 3, 9.
(1).
is |-C9,
Rem.
86. 2. (2).
383. \lvi\^ the sons of men,
87. 10, 23. 4.
(1).
Bern. see
87. 27.
MANUAL. PART II. 384.
]^^,
385.
>c^
90.
ovioi^S
387.
Each,
wi.Jj.
let
1. (1).
them
call
123.
God,
107. 2.
which
65, 128. 3.
is,
(2).
87. 2, 20. JSem. 2, 34. 2.
390.
^oic^Wj,
391.
^,
392. 393.
116. 1. a, 52. 3, 26. 1. (1). v-5 J introduces the indirect question,
394.
|3?
39.
1.
Bern. 1, 103. 1.
132.
6. (1).
introduces the negative adverbial clause of result,
395. Q-oZ? clause,
2. (7).
81. Bern.
388. |lsa4-, w-1?
109.
anything,
386. jfl^jJ
389.
127
This
that they turned.
is
137. 4.
an appositional substantive
135. 5.
Jonah IV. 396. 397. adverb,
398.
^Joa^ ..a.^
very, is a
See
was painful for Jonah.
masculine noun in the absolute state used as an
The answer
P was not?
does not denote this
132.
A
2.
''yes" is expected,
question
ivhen I (was), 130. 1. (1). 399. |J[ ji 127. 1, 400. ^001 Ui^fl I anticipated,
401. Llf, I fled.
With
lated "I fled before-hand", .^lik is
though P
itself
often denoted in Syriac
is
without any interrogative particle or pronoun,
402.
122. 2.
A.
89. Zoofi
It
h^f^.
132.
1. sq.
3. (1) a.
the preceding verb this verb
may be
trans-
133. 3 and Bern.
the Ethical dative or object,
124. 5.
127. 1, 116. 1. (3). 403. I^ogi '\^, 404. ^f^zh ]t"*-4^ long is thy spirit, i. e. patient.
405. 406.
^,
407. s-mAs, 408. 130.
from saggto',
]]l^saggiyo*
^i>ai^
24.
1,
32. 3.
53. 1, 23. 1. (3).
122. 4. (2) Bern. to die, is
the subject of the nominal sentence,
1. (1).
409. llv.\? ^:o than
to live.
120.1. (1),
MANUAL. PAST n.
128
(1) (2)
For the form For the
ili>o,
^.
411. 01^.
See 402.
412.
aJlol^
under
89. B.
it,
413. ]>.J? that he might 132.
414. \iL, 415.
^^^ould
-^r^
24.
417. ^Ih],
26.
I?;^
3. (2),
(2),
137. 4.
113.
1. (3) h, 5.
25, 28. 2. (3).
1,
01^, 101. 3. (2) a,
105.
1. (3).
has come into ihy hands, oh Lord,
it
l-jLLe
Bern, 2.
59. 6.
1. (1),
419. giA^l"^ for himself,
420.
1.
(3).
116.
happen,
100.
1. (6),
114. 4.
see,
Rem., 135.
6.
416. Ilii cxicumher,
41S.
120.
construction, see
See 398.
410.
64. 6.
see
to take
away my
soul
from me. 421.
?
V^
422. i^ooi
423. 424.
because that,
127.
li
^, 99. 2. Bern. 87. 100. wi-oL:f ^, Emphatic,
426. 31^
13?
428.
431.
1,
101.
1. (2).
104. 2. Bern,
on ivhichnot,
100.
J-.LI,
^%
1.
88.
432. .oLj]
1,
100. A.
Malachi
^i^]
^nnS^"^.
I.
43. 5. Bern. 2, 51. omrittun,
433. l^ai^? followed by
jJ
^lo
and
if,
436. wsiU from
437. ^ilic
A, B.
35. 2.
expects the answer *'yes",
132.
5.
The direct object may be preceded by Lomadh,
123. 2.
435.
1. (4).
85.
^qI\vI^
434.
86. 14.
1,
429. ]ia:^l'il fourteen,
430.
(2).
See 425.
\2[.
^
137. 5.
1.
lJ|
425. ajf.
427.
6. 5,
1. (2).
138.
2. (3).
wS^.
is uH)nt to
honor,
116. 2.
MANUAL-PART II 438. llf
138. 4.
^f,
(4).
135. 5.
439. ^i-alic?,
440. .o^l rr->-? y^ '^^^ despise, 441.
?
137.
V^,
135.
w.Ju4^?,
3. (3).
101. 2.
444.
oai,
445.
^n^^,
446.
liai:.?,
447.
>a^^o
29. 2.
(3).
132. 4.
may have
that he
130.
449. ^liillo,
.a-aTD |j| l-o,
452. ^aJ), vs. 12, 453.
1.
is
M? r^ w^^
Rem.
nothing
138. 2.
vs. 2. ^f,
456. \i^Lo 457.
458. 459.
is infinitive
?M^, I??]
]).I.Iifll^
464.
9?)
5. (1).
accursed be whosoever has,
107.
II.
wqu,
64. 7.
5. (2).
will scatter. (6.)
^Aey are asking,
121.
7.
many. The direct object
is
often preceded
1. (3).
116.
r^h^, ?
7. (4),
(2).
from
123. 2.
^ajf,
461.
463.
]
I
vs. 5,
,-^V^
462.
137.
read
460.
123.
101. 2.
137.
4.
MalacM 455.
1.
among you.
used as a copula,
is
114. 4. (2) Bern.
104. 7.
of no account.
I ivish
because ye are bringing,
^Liio?
454. 01^ 103.
]J
(1),
Rem.
1.
450. rr*^? that which
137. 4.
mercy,
was in your hands,
448. .aL,-j.^5 because this
451.
136. 11.
5.
137. 5.
442. ,:-.r^rr^, 443.
'129
137.
because,
yliiJ?,
3. (2) c.
46.
1,
who
465.
w:=J:Ilo5 he
466.
01.:^.^, vs. 15,
5. (I).
136. offers,
1. (2) 3.
104. 2. (2) Bern.
106.
R
by Lomadh
MANUAL. PART
130
467.
4i*^? "that which is eviV%
.
468. J
who
5?
is
is
II
an objective clause,
116. 3. (1)
judging,
135. 3.
a.
Malachi III. 469.
1
470.
|Jl
01
behold is followed here
{r^
95.
|J|,
471. l-aljo that he
way
474.
^
?
129. 2.
.tn^v, ^^L^l
137. 4.
prepare,
a.
137.
tcftew,
future.
104. 2. Rem.
472. 01^...? whom, 473.
1,
by the Participle in the 101. A. 2.
2. (1).
475. _Lc? which were from.
V^
476. U-l 4:11.
U]
l2]^\4^
478. aisZ],
^^
because that
vs. 10,
vs.
is
turned
I am,
to
me,
101. 2.
103. (1),
2. (3)
130.
1,
Rtm. 137.
5.
60. 4.
vs. 7,
479. ^ojjal, 4S0.
against (him) who
13,
61.
prove me, is
masc.
plur.
the
Wau
being omitted, see
23. 1, 43. 5.
481. ,-AliJiCo and are built up the doers of sin and
and are 482.
{they) tempt
delivered.
j-a.^
483. v*!::^
a
man
with his neighbor,
one with another.
106. Rem. 4.
mine,
484. ocfl,
i. e.
116. 2.
(1).
485. a,ii\q? those who
serve,
104. 2.
(2).
Rem.
Malachi lY. 486.
487.
y-opo
when
.>S,\
to
shall burn,
you,
i.
488. c-^zyZ] remember, 489.
^1:^13
^a^
to
e.
137.
to the
2. (1).
fearers of
my
name,
94.
11. 5. Rem., 48. 3, 126. 2. (1).
you Elias,
124. 3.
1.
God
MANUAL. PART II.
13]
Matthew XXVI. 116.
490. 0001 ,-4^1,
^^ before
491. 492.
99.
noun,
Rem.
1.
96. 2.
1,
b.
an irregular plural used in a singular sense,
jJbsc?
493.
^]^^^h
494.
^U^
29.
its
3.
122.
from
86. 16.
5. to trouble,
^jJ
to
For the form
weary.
see
32, 3,
1. (3).
495. ]Z.3P (jd,
123.
Rem.
2. (7).
496. iwi^n? introduces the appositional substantive clause, 497.
5
as that which
>fJ\
is
for
my
498. oiJjjso,^ for a memorial of 499.
129. 2.
^^,
124.
500. 01^,
135.
5.
burial. her,
96. I. 4.
h.
(3).
5.
501. t^ f^ one by one. 502.
001,
503.
oX,
-^lic?
cJd
101.
A.
2. (2).
my
blood that of the kneio testament,
87. 15.
507. jiij^,
90. 4.
^1
509.
|o^,
512.
^
513.
r^V^V
514.
?
.
o^,
.
^'1,
102.
jooi
ooilik, vs. 48,
133. tvord,
137. 2.
127.
him whom I
518. ^(jiV:^, vs. 50, 132. 2, 135.
is it
1.
Rem.
1.
1
102. 3. (2)
a.
7.
.Sflv had given,
516.
while they ivere sleeping.
lit.
same
(?L^ the
vs. 46,
517.
^
(2).
vs. 42,
515. fl, vs. 47. while,
friend?
1.
127. 9.
^ sleeping,
511. ^^.1^9
1.
,
138. 2.
vs. 35,
^1,
Rem.
96.11. Rem.
137. 6.
although,
^
510.
138. 5.
this is
506. ]ll^,
508.
1. (2).
Impossible condition,
504. od Ul, 505.
A.
101.
emphatic,
(2).
1. (2).
shall kiss, the
on account of
same
this thas
is he,
him
seize.
thou hast come
my
MANUAL.-PART II.
132
519.
93.11.
VS. 50,
cfl,
1. (3).
520. v-s^I?, vs. 64, him who
|L>^
521.
ouo in
104. 2. (2) Rem,
sitteth,
same hour,
the
102.
3. (2) a.
Matthew XXVII.
^
522.
1^
523. U], 524.
^what
101.
525.
]t-i-=^?> limits
^,
Bern.
1.
the preceding pronominal
1.
136. 4.
suffix,
107. 4.
vs. 9, some,
vs. 12,
t-s,
103.
1. (3).
526. 527.
us?
2. (1).
109.
>cjic,
is that to
ivhile they
were eating the pieces of him,
e.
i.
calumn-
iating him.
528.
110.
j.i,
529. 530.
man,
i.
531.
106.
cyiJ^?, |3,
e.
1. (2).
vs. 19,
1.
there be nothing belonging to thee
let
have thou nothing
533. 534.
1.
wilalie, Pa* el pass, part., ai:^,
536. C05I
537. fS,
n Vo,
125.
^ Jv,
vs. 31, as they loere
^1
made
he
540. l2,
541.
110.
vs. 51.
<^r^^l)
fern.,
542.
2. (3).
crucified
him
116.
1. (3) 6.
they parted his
see
is
112.
1. (3).
64. 6.
alive,
1. (1).
"faces"; the second
the
90.
Notice the distinction between the Perfect here and the
Participle in the preceding note,
539.
116.
going out they found,
when they had
^'and
is collective,
1. (2).
vs. 30, kept smiting,
,.*, vs. 35,
garments'\
60. 5.
the plural verb, because the singular noun
535. ^01^4
538.
95. 2. (3).
116.
532. ]lm, vs. 24,
to that just
do with him.
to
'^a-i-.^i., vs. 22.
and
The
Compare first is
for
\lz,
110.
1. (2).
in the masc. plur. agreeing with
in the fern. plur. agreeing with "rocks".
43. 5.
(n.:>o^9o
and
those
who were with him,
104, 2. (2) Bern.
For
MANUAL. PABTn. 543.
60.
woV.
127. 2,
1,
127.
544. wo'oiiw-K
546.
oSi, vs.
96. II.
101.
57,
(2).
128. 2. Bern,
1. (2),
545. ^anli*!?, vs. 56.
A.
133
Rem.
1.
1. (1).
Matthew XXVIII. 547.
]Als fL
the first
day of
88.
the week,
Rem,
5.
548. jo? ^oioi^l, Compare 544. 549. CT^^^?, fear before him. 550. Vs.
5.
jJLS toomen,
551. '-a^?]]? wJio was
552. Vs.
6.
553.
>c,-o, vs. 7, is
554.
^lU
555.
|3?,
557.
?
558.
vs.
iifi
crucified,
136.
vs. 7.
1
^cotii^,
1. (3),
112.
1, 4.
1. (4).
.g^p, Imperf.
3rd. fem. plur.
3. (2) h.
who are without
vs. 20, whatsoever^
108.
60, 64.
Pa' el Perfect.
4, those
^J,
1. (2), 2.
,^1,
vs. 8, fern. plur. part.;
138.
^f,
556.
96. I. 4,
87. 8.
^V-,
,:^]i,
Objective genitive,
care,
93. 2.
109. 8.
(2),
104. 2. (2) Rem,
WORD
LISTS-SYRIAC. LIST
I.
Verbs occurring ten times or more
in
Schaaf s Concordance of the
136
WOBD
138
LISTS. P
89
118.
ILun
90.
)^9a.M
119. 120.
176.
148.
177.
149.
178.
p 1
92.
JK
147.
121.
,
150.
P
7
179. p
122.
93.
151.
V
c f
.
123.
94.
180.
V
152.
181. P
124.
95.
153.
182.
XV
P
125.
96.
154.
k
p
,
183.
O P 7
,
126.
97.
*.
155.
184.
98.
127.
156.
185.
99.
128.
157.
186.
129.
158.
187.
130.
159.
188.
IM
100. 101. 102.
,
k p
p
V^^ AA
131.
j
160.
161.
132.
133.
162.
105.
134.
163.
106.
135.
,
iLL.
*
c
190.
T'
191.
m:
192. 193.
PO
p"
194. .
137.
166.
138.
167.
ill a
O
k.
C>
195.
^
p
109.
196. -
110.
139. P
140.1
112.
141.
113.
P
P
X ^
197. p
&>
169.
198.
170.
199.
142.
171.
200.
114.
143.
172.
201.
115.
144.
173.
202.
174.
203.
116.
145.
V^fy>
>A
I
,
P
7
p p
]9aui
146.
175.
wauLs
S'
168. k
P
^r
111.
117.
k
,p
>
165.
pp
108.
0^
7
p
]:^
136.
as
^
164.
- "
107.
k
]Zaal4 .
104.
.01 9
189. p
.
103.
p
>Aa.
*
p
Uozj-
204.
,
p p
90^^
WORD \<:
LISTS.
|iJL^
263.
]1^
235.|i'|-svnw\^
264.
jL^oiiisS
236.|iQJpifii^^
265.
205.
I
206. 207.
234.
p
139 V
p
,
292.
293. 294. F
P
,
jiLzU^
237.
266.
209.
^^
238.
267.
^^
296.
210. ]1,\
]l^
239.
268.
|?oijo
297.
,P
269.
240.
211.
,
212.
241. ]:u?n,visv^
,p p
295.
208.
1
P
7
298. *.
270.
299.
POP 213.
271.
242. *
p
214.
P
7
301.
272.
243.
t"
7
300. a*
p
215.
244.
273.
302.
303.
p
216.
]z^<Tia:so
245.
274.
217,
>caio
246.
275.
218.
247.
276.
305.
219.
248.
277.
306.
pp m
Un^
304.
7
P
,
.
,
220.
221.
p p
p p
v'
,
P
P
7
V
7
,P
223.
,
p
251.
280.
252.
281.
310.
282.
311.
283.
312.
313.
253.
225.
254.
V
K
pp
,
226.
jZnn^nSn
255.
284.
227.
|^^^'^^^
256.
285.
257.
316.
7
,
258.
287.
230.
259.
288.
231.
260. 261. p p
*
262.
289. ,
,
p
p
np
315.
*.
.
|^,i
*
>caa
^
286.
229.
.pp.
314. p
233.
P
7 P
224.
232.
7
309.
v
lijLJ
P
308.
279.
p
228.
y
7
250.
,
222.
p*
,
307.
278.
2.49.
p
,
p p,
.
*.
px9aa
318.
p
290.
319.
291.
320.
*
,p
"P
140
WORD
LISTS-ENGLISH. LIST
I.
Verbs occurring ten times or more in Schaaf s Concordance of the
New 1.
perish
Testament.
WORD
143 69. sing 70.
be a harlot
LISTS.
108. hide
147.
109. sound
148. eat
there
71.
crucify
110. lead
149.
72.
sow
150. die
73.
love
111. to be dry 112. thank
know
is
be grieved
151. smite
come humble
74.
113.
153. be
76.
rejoice
114. give 115. bow
77.
surround
116. learn
155. counsel
78. 79.
owe show
118.
80.
corrupt 75. bind
117. swear
add
strengthen
119. care
81.
spare
82.
look
burn 121. honor 120.
not
152.
154.
be full
156. speak
157. be able
158. dare 159. anoint
160. prophesy 161. strike
84.
bind
122. be great 123. inherit
85.
sin
124. extend
163. shine
86. snatch
125. sit
164. rest
87. live
126.
88. sleep 89. change
127. rebuke
165. go down 166. guard
83. see
abound
162. abide
128. correct
167.
90.
be gracious
129.
168. be sober
91.
strangle
130. collect
92.
want
131. conceal
170.
132. accuse
171. ascend
133.
172. fall
be diligent 94. reap
93.
95.
free
96.
think
97.
be useful
98. be
dark
prohibit
hunger
134. deny 135. to be sad 136. preach 137. wrap
kill
169. receive
173.
tempt
go out
174. plant 175. cleave to 176.
beat
138. offend
177.
kiss
100. seal
139. write
101. be
140. continue
178. give 179. defile
141. fight 142. be weary
181.
143. encourage 144. clothe
182. be great 183. worship
106. bear
145.
184.
107. obey
146. curse
99.
suffer
proud
102. defraud
103. envy 104. err 105. taste
accompany
180. satisfy
hope
witness
WORD 185.
put
186. subvert
187. expect 188.
perceive
189. reject 190. ascend 191. lie
down
192. hate
224.
443
LISTS.
depart
263.
ride
225. separate 226. extend
264. cast 265.
meditate
227.
266.
feed
expound
228. open 229. wish
267. lament
230. dip 231. thirst
269. take captive 270. be glorious 271. praise
hunt
268. ask
193. be poor 194. work
232.
233. fast
272. lean
195. suffice
234. revile
273.
196. be vacant
235. pray 236. be vile
274. hurl
237. lacerate
276.
send be worthy
238. receive
277.
wash
239. bury 240. sanctify
278.
despise
279.
compel
202. grieve 203. watch
241. remain
280.
242. arise
sleep 281. be able
204. cover
243. kill
282. be at rest
205. enter
244. possess 245. cry
283. send
197. destroy 198. make 199.
pass over
200. aid
201.
remember
206. baptize 207. labor
246.
break
275.
be tumultuous
284. rule 285. finish
208. inhabit
247. call
286.
name
209. answer
248. be nigh 249. be hard
287.
hear
288.
minister
250. be great 251. desire
289. change 290. torment
252. be angry 253. stone
291. narrate
210. flee 211. to be rich 212. persuade
213. divide 214. serve 215. return 216. permit 217. decree
254. go 255. pursue 256. disturb
run
218. do
257.
219. liberate
258. be inebriated
220.
command
221. be tolerable
222. fly 223. remunerate
292. please 293. drink 294. bear
295. loose 296. confirm
297. drink
communicate
259. exult
298.
260. be high 261. love
299. be silent
262.
murmur
300. arrange
WORD
144
LISTS.
301. repent
304.
hang
307. prepare
303. return
305.
admire
308. direct
303. hope
306. offend
LIST
11.
Nouns and other words occurring ten times or more. 1.
father
31. Gentile
2.
loss
32.
widow
61.
revelation
3.
hire
33.
earth
62.
side
4.
hireling
thief
letter
34. sign 35. place
63.
5.
64.
leper
6.
ear
36.
shame
65.
sacrifice liar
60. for
7.
affliction
37.
consolation
^6.
8.
water
38.
bad
9.
way
39.
evil
67. gold 68. place
brother
40.
house
69.
fearful
41. building 42. sweet
70.
fear
71.
13. tree
43.
flesh
72.
demon own
14.
day
44.
behind
73.
but
15.
calumniator
45. petition 46. end
74.
judgment
10.
11. other
12.
hand
16. stranger 17. god
47.
75.
judge denar 77. covenant 76.
18.
thousand
19.
ship
evening 48. son 49. knee
20.
mother
50. creature
79.
punty
21.
Amen
51. creator
80.
male
22.
when
52.
23.
man woman
53. origin 54. after
24.
but
78.
pure
81. blood 82.
likeness
83. tear
man
84. generation
56.
gehenna
85. behold
27. also
57.
midst
86.
governor
28. face
58.
circumcision
87.
member
29. purple 30. lion
69. robber
88.
overthrow
25. chain 26.
scheme
55.
WORD
146
LISTS.
244. lord
283. servant
284. service
207. food
Lord 246. ointment
285. servitude
208. advent
247. tabernacle
286. further
209. for
248. traitor
287.
210. patience 211. last
249. banquet 250. parable
288. time
212. desert
251. prophet 252. prophecy
290. church 291.
iniquity
253. light 254. river
292.
wicked
293. foreskin
216. gift 217. spot
255.
294.
wishes
256. fish
295.
custom
218. death
257. fire
219. stroke
258.
296. eye 297. cause
205. night 206. tongue
nought
213. city 214. anything 215.
knowledge
saviour
245.
strange
vestment
quickly
289. feast
259. rest
298.
221. thought 222. rain
260. guile 261. law
299. ever
223. water
262. temptation 263. soul
220.
224. excellent 225.
humble
226. humility 227. publican 228. angel 229. king
youth
300. people 301. labor 302. flock
264. splendid 265. hope
303. cloud
266. gospel 267. much
305. sheep 306. naked
304. root
268. witness
307. bed
230. counsel
269. branch
308. future
231.
270.
232.
233.
kingdom word number
234. part 235. hypocrisy
work
271. Satan
309. old
310. rich
272. food
311. fruit
273. treasure
312.
274. sword
313.
body work
236. endurance
275. food
314.
mouth
237. poor 238. shoe
276. foolishness
315.
command
277. blind
316. redemption
239. helper 240. fountain
278. reclining 279. hair
317. phial 318. division
241. baptism
242. defense
280. ship 281. scribe
320. face
243. midst
282. vain
319. saviour
WORD 321.
word
322. idol
323. table
LISTS.
354. great 355. magnitude
147
387. rest 388.
apostle 389. ruler
324. thing 325. will
356. myriad 357. desire
390. peace
358. wrath
391.
326. with
359. desirable
392. heaven
name
360. foot
393. sun 394.
year
329. snare
361. spirit 362. afar
395.
hour
330.
363. far
396. good 397. family
327. prayer 328. image
morning
331. sepulture 332. sepulchre
364.
333. holy 334. holiness
366.
335. first
mercy
365. head
beginning
367. high 368. evening
mind
336. gift 337. field
369.
338. truth
371.
339. force 340. resurrection
372. impious 373. sceptre
341. stable
374. sabbath
342.
word
370. thunder
375.
blame
tumult
398. true 399. remainder
400. truth 401. chain
402. foundation 403. conscience 404. again 405. thanks
406. confidence 407. disciple 408. then
smoke
343. voice
376. glory
409.
344. little
410. cock
345. self
377. praise 378. promise
346. reed
379. rule
347.
380.
possession 348. city 349. war 350. call 351.
hour
352. elder 353.
secret
end
381. rock
411. throne 412. gate 413.
mind
382. market-place
414. glory 415. service
383. partaker 384. communion
417. vessel
385. sheol 386. peace
416. fig-tree
418. promise 419. oath
TRANSLITERATION OF GENESIS L
1.
Bri-shith \fro' ^aloho' yoth sh^mayo' w^yoth
2.
Wa'r'o'
hwoth tuh
w^bhuh
'ar'o'.
w*heshshukho'
'al
'appay
w^ruheh da'loho' mrahhpho' 'al 'appay mayo' we'mar 'aloho' nehwe' nuhro' wahwo' nuhro'. t^humo'
3.
Wahzo'
4.
Waph^rash 'aloho' bh^th nuhro' lheslishukho\ Wak^ro' 'aloho' Pnuhro' 'imomo' waPheshshukho'
6.
'aloho' l^nuhro' dh^shappir.
kro'
lelyo' wali\vo' ramsho' vvah^wo' saphro' yaiimo' hadh. 6.
We'mar' aloho' nehwe' r^ki'o' bh^mets'ath mayo' wnehwe' phoresh b^th mayo' Pmayo'.
7.
Wa'^bhadh
men
waph^rash b^th mayo' daPthaht mayo' dal^'el men 'arki'o' wahwo'
'aloho' 'arki'o'
'arki'o'
w^bh^th
hokhanno'. 8.
Wak^ro' 'aloho'
la'rki'o'
sh^mayo' wahVo' ramsho'
wahwo'
saphro' yaumo' dhath^r^n. 9.
We'mar shmayo'
'aloho' la^thro'
nethkann^shun mayo' dhaPthaht men hadh wthethhze' yabbishto' wahwo'
hokhanno'. 10.
11.
Wak^ro' 'aloho' l^yabbishto' 'aro' waPkhensho' dhmayo' kro' ya{m)me' wah^zo' 'aloho' dhshappir.
thappek 'ar'o' thadho" 'esbo' dh^mezdW Pghenseh wi'ylono' dhphi're' dh^'obhedh pi're' Pghensoh dnesbtheh beh 'al 'ar'o' wah^wo' hokhanno'.
We'mar
'aloho'
zar'o'
12.
Wapp^kath
'ar'o'
thadho"
'esbo'
wi'ylono dh^'obhedh pi're' wah^zo' 'aloho' dh^shappir. 13.
dh*mezdra'
dhnesbtheh
Wah*wo' ramsho' wah^wo' saphro' yaumo'
zar'o'
beh
Pghenseh Pghenseh
dhath^lotho'.
GENESIS
14.
"We'mar
nehwun
'aloho'
beth
Pmephrash
imomo'
149
I.
nahhire'
ba'rki'o'
dhash^mayo'
Plelyo'
wnehwun
lo'th^wotlio'
waPzablme' waPyaumotho' wlashnayo'. 15.
W^nehwun manh^rin ba'rkfo' dhash^mayo' Pmanhoru 'ar'o' wahwo' hokhanno'.
16.
Wa'^bhadh
'aloho' th^r^n nalihir^' raur^bhe' nahhiro' rabbo'
Pshultono dhi'ymomo' wnahhiro' w^khauk^bh^'. 17.
'al
W^yahbh 'ennun
z^'uro"
'aloho' bha'rki'o'
Pshultono' dh^lelyo'
dbasb^mayo' Pmanhoru
'al 'ar'o'.
18.
Walmeshlat bi'ymomo' wabhlelyo' waPmephrash nuhro' Pheshsbukho' wahzo' 'aloho' dh^shappir.
19.
Wah^wo' ramsho' wah^wo' saphro' yaumo'
20.
We'mar
'aloho'
wphorahtho'
b^th
dha'rb^'o'.
narhshun mayo' rahsho' napsho' hayy^tho' thephrahy
'al 'ar'o'
'al
'arki'o'
^appay
dhash^mayo'. 21.
Wabh^ro'
'aloho'
thannine'
raur^bhe'
w^khul
naphsho'
hayy^tho' dh^rahsho' dha'rheshw mayo' Pghens^hun porah^tho' dh^gheppo' Pghensoh 22.
wahzo'
wkhul
'aloho' dh^shappir.
W^bharrekh 'ennun 'aloho' we'mar Phun, prau wasghau wam^lau mayo' dhabhya(m)me'. w^phorah^tho' thesge' bha'r'o'.
23.
Wahwo'
24.
We'mar b'iro'
ramsho' wahwo' saphro' yaumo' dhhamsho'. 'aloho'
thappeky
w^rahsho'
'ar"o'
whaywtho'.
naphsho' hayy^tho' Pghensoh dha'r'o' Pghensoh wah^wo'
hokhanno'. 25.
Wa'^bhadh 'aloho' haywHho' dha'r'o' Pghensoh wabh'iro' Pghensoh wkhulleh rahsho' dha'ro' Pghensauhy wah^zo' 'aloho' dh^shappir.
26.
We'mar 'aloho' ne'bedh 'nosho' bh^salman 'aykh d^muthan wneshPtun bnunay yammo' wabhphorahtho' dhash^mayo' wbhabh'iro' wabh^khulloh hayw^tho' dha'r rahsho' dh^rohesh
27.
o'
wabh'khulloh
'al 'a/o'.
Wabh^ro' 'aloho' lo'dhom b^salmeh baflem 'aloho' b^royhy d^khar w^nekbo' bhro' 'ennun.
GENESIS
150
28.
I.
W^bharrekh 'ennun 'aloho' we'mar lhun 'aloho' ph^rau was^ghau wam^lau Wo' w^khubhsliuh wash^latw bnunay
yammo\
wabh^horahUho' dhash^mayo' wabhkhulloh hayw^tho' dhrohsho' al 'ar o'.
29.
w^bhabh^'iro'
We'mar 'aloho' ho' yebbeth l^khun kulleh 'esbo' dhzar o' dhmezdra' 'al 'appay kulloh 'ar'o' w^khul 'ilon di'yth beh pi'ray 'iloneh dzar'eh
mezdra'
Pkliuii nehwe'
me'khulto'
waPkhuUoh haywfcho' dhMhabhro'. 30.
WaPkhulloh porahnho'dh'ash^mayo' waPkhul d^ohesh
'al
'aro' dhi'yth beh dh^'^esbo' 31.
naphsho' hayy^tho' w^khulleh yurroko' Pme'khulto' wahwo' hokhanno'.
Wah^zo' 'aloho' khul da *badh who' tobh shappir wah*wo' ramsho' wah^wo' saphro' yaumo' dheshto'.
GENESIS
I.-IV.
A LITERAL TRANSLATION.* CHAPTER 1.
In beginning created the
2.
And
I.
God + the heavens and + the
earth.
the earth was tuh and buh and the darkness (was) upon the faces of the abyss, and the spirit of him who (is) the God (was) brooding upon the faces of the waters, and said
the God, let be the light, and was the light. 3.
And saw
4.
And
separated the
5.
And
called the
God + the
the
light that
God between
God
And
said
was) good.
day and to the darkness was the evening and it was the
to the light the
called he the night and morning the day one. 6.
(it
the light to the darkness.
it
God
the
waters and let
it
let be the expanse in the midst of the be separating between the waters to the
waters. 7.
And made the God the expanse and separated between the waters which to under from the expanse and between the waters which to above from the expanse, and
8.
And
called the
And
said the
was
so.
God
the evening and 9.
it
to the expanse the heavens, and it was was the morning the day which (is) two.
it
God
:
let
bo assembled the waters which (are) let be seen
under from the heavens to the place one and the dry land, and it was so.
to
10.
And
called the God to the dry land the earth and to the gathering of the waters called he the seas, and saw the God
that * The
+
(it
was) good.
t^ign
into English.
denotes some particle in Syriac which cannot be translated in parenthesis occur in English but not in Syriac.
Words
151
GENESIS
153
11.
And
said the
God
the herb which
;
Let cause
I.
to
go out the earth the grass
seeding for itself the seed (according) to the kind his and the tree that of the fruits which (is) making is
the fruits (according) to kind his which sprout his him upon the earth, and it w^as so. 12.
And
(is)
in
caused to go out the earth the grass, the herb which (is) itself the seed (according) to kind his and the
seeding for
which (is) making the fruits which sprout his him (according) to kind his, and saw the God that
tree
(is) it
in
was
good. 13.
And
it
which 14.
was the evening and
it
was the morning the day
(is) three.
And
said the God let be the light in the expanse that of the heavens to separate between the day to the night, and let them be for the signs and for the times and for the days and
for the years. 15.
And let them he giving light in the expanse that of the heavens to give light upon the earth, and it was so.
16.
And made
17.
the God two the lights the great, the light the for the ruling that of the day and the light the less for great the ruling that of the night, and the stars,
And
gave them the God in the expanse that of the heavens upon the earth.
to give light 18.
And
to rule in the
between the light
day and in the night and to separate and saw the God that (it
to the darkness,
was) good. 19.
And
it
which 30.
And
was the evening and
(is)
it
was the morning the day
four.
said the
God
:
Let swarm the waters the swarm the
soul the living and the bird let her fly upon the earth (the) faces of the expanse that of the heavens. 21.
And
upon
God the sea-monsters the great and every soul the the living that of the swarm which swarmed (one) the waters (according) to kind their and every one the bird the living (according) to kind her and saw the God that (it created the
was) good.
GENESIS
22.
And blessed them the God and said to them Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters which are in the seas and :
the bird let 23.
And
it
which 24.
it
multiply in the earth.
was the evening and
was the morning the day
:
it
was
And made
so.
him
the
God
the
to kind her
and the
swarm
And
the animal that of the earth (according) cattle according to kind her and all of
that of the earth according to kind his and
saw the God that 26.
it
(is) five.
And said the God Let cause to go out the earth the soul the living (according) to kind her, the cattle and swarm and the animal that of the earth (according) to kind her and all of him the swarm that of the earth according to kind her, and
25.
158
I.
was)*good.
(it
God
said the
Let us make the
:
man
in
image our
according to likeness our and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird that of the heavens and over the cattle
over
and over
all of
all of
them
the
her the animal that of the earth and
swarm which
is
swarming upon the
earth. 27.
And the
28.
created the God + man in image his in (the) image of God created he him, male and female created he them.
And blessed them the God and said to them Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue her, and rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird that of the heavens and over the cattle and over all of the animal which is :
swarming upon the 29.
And
said the
God
earth. :
Behold
the herb that of seed which faces of all of her the earth
I
have given to you
is
seeding for
and every
all of
him
itself
tree
upon (the) which exists in
him
(the) fruits of tree his which seed his (is) seeding for himself. To you shall it be the food and to all of her the
animal that of the 30.
field.
And to all of her the bird that of the heavens and to all which swarmeth upon the earth which exists in it the soul the living and all of him the green that of the herb (shall be) for the food, and it was so.
GENESIS
154
31.
II.
And
saw the God all which he had made and behold (it was) very good and it was the evening and it was the morning the day which is six.
CHAPTER
II.
And
2.
were finished the heavens and the earth and all [of him] their host. And finished the God in the day the sixth works his which he had made and he rested himself in the day the seventh from all of them, works his, which he made.
3.
And
1.
blessed the
God + the day him he had
him because
that in
them, works
his,
the seventh and sanctified
4.
rested himself from all of which created the God by making. These (are) the generations those of the heavens and those of the earth when they were created in the day (in) which made the Lord the God the heavens and the earth.
5.
And
all of them, the trees those of the field, as yet not had been in the earth and all of him the herb that of the field as yet not had gone out, because that not had caused to
come down the Lord the God the rain upon (the) faces the earth and Adam existed not to till (in) the earth. 6.
7.
8.
of
And
the mist going up had been from the earth and waterhad been + all (the) faces of the earth. ing And formed the Lord the God + Adam (of) the dust from the ground and breathed into nostrils his the breath that of the lives and was Adam to (a) soul (a) living.
And
planted the Lord the God the Paradise in Eden from and put there + Adam whom he had formed. And caused to go out the Lord the God from the earth every tree which (is) pleasant to see and good to eat and the tree of the lives in the midst of him that is the park and the tree that of the knowledge that of the good and that of the evil. east
9.
10.
11.
And the river going was from Eden to water him + the park and from there (it was) separating and becoming four heads. The name of him that (is) one (is) Pishun he (is) that surrounding + all of her the land that of H^wilo which there ;
(is)
gold.
GENESIS
12.
And
13.
And
the gold of her that (is) the land, that (is) good (are) bdellium and the stones which (are) the beryl.
the
name
him that
of
Gishun, that (is) that which land that of Kush. 14.
And
the
name
Tigris, that river which 15.
155
II.
is
him
of
(is)
(is)
(is)
(is)
surrounding + all of her the is
three
(is)
going before Assyria and the Euphrates. (is)
took the Lord the God + Adam and
And
left him in the him and keep him. And commanded the Lord the God + Adam and said to him From all of them the trees those which (are) in the park
park that of Eden that he might 16.
there
of the river the second
that of the river which
that which
four he
;
till
:
thou
may est
eat.
17.
And from the tree that of the knowledge that of the good and that of the evil not shalt thou eat from him, because that in the day (in) which thou shalt eat from him the death thou shalt die.
18.
And said the Lord the God Not (is it) good that should be Adam in solitariness his [i.e., alone]. I will make for him :
the helper like him. 19.
And formed
the Lord the
animal that of the
field
God from
and
all
heavens and brought them unto what (he was) calling + them, and
Adam 20.
And
Adam
the names to
of her the
all
that he might see which called to them name.
all
of her the cattle
her the bird that of the heavens and to
animal that of the earth ; and for him the helper like him. 21.
all
Adam
the soul the living, that is his
called
all of
the earth
of her the bird that of the
Adam
all of
and
to
her the
not was found for
And cast the Lord the God the rest upon Adam and he slept and he took one from ribs his and closed the flesh instead of her.
22.
And
God the rib which he had woman and he brought her to
constructed the Lord the
taken from
Adam
into the
Adam. 23.
And said Adam The this the time the bone (is) from bones of me and the flesh from flesh of me, the this shall be called the woman because that from the man (is she) taken. :
GENESIS
156 24.
25.
III.
Because of the this shall leave the
CHAPTER 1.
man + (the)
father of
him and + (the) mother of him and shall cleaye to (the) of him and shall be the two of them one flesh. And they were (the) two of them naked, Adam and woman of him and not (were they) ashamed.
And
wife
the
III.
the serpent was cunning from
(i. e.,
more than) every
which had made the Lord God and said the serpent to the woman Truly hath said Grod that not should ye eat from all the trees of the park ? animal of the
field
:
2.
And said the woman to the serpent (It is true) that from the fruits of the trees which (are) in the park, all of them, :
we may 3.
eat.
And from the fruits of the tree which (is) in the midst of him that (is) the park hath said God [that] ye shall not eat from him and ye shall not draw nigh to him lest {i. e., that not) ye die.
4. 5.
6.
And
woman
:
Ye
shall not surely die.
And saw the woman that good (was) the tree for eating and the pleasure he (was) to the eyes and (that) pleasant (was) the tree to look at, and she took from the fruits of him and ate and gave also to her husband with her and he
7.
said the serpent to the
Because that knows God that in the day that eating (are) ye from him, (shall be) opened your eyes and ye (shall be) existing like God {i. e., as) knowers of the good and the evil.
ate.
And
were opened the eyes those of both of them and they that naked (were) they and they sewed the leaves those of the fig-trees and made for them the aprons.
knew 8.
And
9.
And
called the
(art)
thou
they heard the voice of him who (is) the Lord God (as he was) walking in the park at the turning of him that (is) the day, and they concealed themselves Adam and his wife from before the Lord God in the midst of the trees which (were) in the park.
Lord God to
Adam
?
Adam
and said
to
him
:
Where
GENESIS
10.
And
he said
:
Thy
157
III
voice have I heard in the park
and
I
saw
that naked (am) I and I hid myself. 11.
And
said to
him the Lord
thee that naked thou (art) ing) which I
commanded
from him thou hast 12.
And with
13.
:
Who
(is) he (that) hath showed Behold from the tree (concern-
?
thee that thou shouldest not eat
eaten.
Adam The woman whom thou gavest (to be) she has given to me from the tree and I have eaten. said the Lord Grod to the woman. said
:
me
And What
is
this that
thou hast done?
The serpent deceived me and 14.
And
15.
And
And
said the
woman
:
I ate.
Because thou hast said the Lord God to the serpent done this, cursed (be) thou above all cattle and above every animal of the field, and upon thy belly shalt thou go and the dust shalt thou eat all of the days of thy lives. :
the enmity shall I put between thee to the woman and between thy seed to her seed ; he shall trample thy head and
thou shalt smite him in his heel. I will surely multiply to the woman he said thy pains and thy conceptions and in pains shalt thou bear sons [children] and unto thy husband shalt thou turn thyself and he shall have dominion over thee.
16.
And
17.
And
:
Because thou hast hearkened to {lit,, to Adam he said heard in) the voice of her who is thy wife and hast eaten :
which I commanded thee and thou shouldest not eat from him, cursed (be) thy land because of thee in the pains shalt thou eat (of) her all of the days of thy lives. Thorns and thistles shall she bring out for thee and thou shalt eat the herb that of the field.
from the
tree (concerning)
said to thee, that
18.
19.
And
in the sweat that of thy nostrils {or faces) shalfc thou eat the bread until that thou shalt return to the earth which
from her thou hast been taken ; because that the dust thou (art) and to the dust thou shalt return. 20.
And
called
Adam
the
name
of her
who
because that she was the mother that of 21.
And made
the Lord
coats those of the skin
God
for
(was) his wife Eve, all
Adam and
and clothed them.
which
(is) living.
for his wife the
GENESIS
158
22.
And
Lord God
said the
:
IV.
Behold
Adam
has become like one
Now
of us (as) to the knowing of the good and the evil. lest he stretch out his hand and take also from the tree that of the lives 23.
And till
24.
sent
and
him
eat
and
the Lord
live for ever.
God from
the park that of
caused him to go out the Lord God and he caused to around from the east to the park that of Eden the cherub go and the flame of the sword which (was) turning itself to keep
CHAPTER
And Adam knew + Eve
+ Cain, 2.
to
And
the way that of the tree that of the
1.
Eden
the earth which he was taken from there.
And
and she
said
:
I
lives.
IV.
his wife
and she conceived and bare
have gotten the
man
she added to bear + his brother Abel.
for the Lord.
And Abel was
feeding the flock and Cain was laboring in (tilling) the earth. 3.
And
it came to pass after some days that (lit., and) Cain brought from the fruits those of his earth (or ground) the
gift to the Lord.
And
4.
Abel brought, also he, from the firstlings, those of his flock, and from their fatlings ; and took pleasure the Lord in Abel and in his offering.
5.
in Cain and in his offering he did not take pleasure and displeased Cain [N"ote the idiom] exceedingly and was sad his face {lit., were darkened his nostrils or faces).
And
it
6.
And why
7.
8.
Lord
to Cain
Why
:
art
thou displeased, and
?
Behold if thou doest well, I have accepted ; and if not thou doest well, at the door the sin (is) laid, thou wnlt turn thyself unto him and he shall have dominion over thee.
And And Cain
9.
said the
has become sad thy face
And And
my
Cain to Abel his brother
Let us go to the plain. to pass that when they (were) in the field arose against Abel his brother and killed him.
said it
:
came
said the
he said brother ?
:
Lord I
to
know
Cain not.
:
Where
is Abel thy brother ? His keeper (am) I+that of
GENESIS
10.
And
he said
the blood of
:
159
IV.
What hast thou done ? him who (is) thy brother
The (is)
voice that of
crying unto
me
from the earth. 11.
12.
Therefore cursed (be) thou from the earth which has opened her mouth and has received the blood of him who (is) thy brother from thy hands.
When
thou shalt labor in the earth she shall not add that
she should give to thee her strength, fleeing and wandering shalt thou be in the earth. 13.
And (is)
14.
said
Cain to the Lord
:
Great
is
my sin from
that which
to remit.
Behold thou hast caused me to go out to-day from the faces and from before thee I shall be hidden and I shall be fleeing and wandering in the earth and anyone who shall find me will slay me. of the earth
15.
And
Not so, whosoever (is) the killer he be avenged. And put the Lord the sign on Caiil that should not kill him every (one) whosoever (should be) finding -f him. him the Lord
said to
:
of Cain, sevenfold shall
16.
And went the
17.
Land
out Cain from before the Lord and he dwelt in
Nod from
that of
which
(is)
Eden.
Cain + his wife and she conceived and bare + Enoch
And knew
and he built the
city
the city after the
and called the name of her which of his son Enoch.
(is)
name
born to Enoch Irad, and Trad begat + Mehuel, and Mehuel begat + Methushel and Methushel begat + Lamech.
18.
And was
19.
And Lamech took (is) one Adah and
20.
east of her
to
the
him two wives, the name name of her which (is)
{lit.,
next, or following) Zillah.
And
bare
Adah + Jobal
of her that
the second
he was the father to the inhabiters and the possessors of the possession. And the name that of his brother (was) Jubal he was the father to every (one) who (is) laying hold of the cithara and ;
of the tents 21.
;
the kinura. 22.
And
Zillah also she bare + Tubal-Cain,
work that of
an artificer in every and that of the iron and the sister Tubal-Cain (was) Naamah.
of the brass
him who
(is)
;
GENESIS
160
23.
And
Lamech to his wives Adah and Zillah hear ye my Lamech hearken to my saying because that man have I killed by my wounds and the youth by my said
:
voice, wives of
the
IV.
;
blow. 24.
Because that one in seven {i. e., seven-fold) shall be avenged Cain and Lamech to seventy and seven.
25.
And knew Adam again + Eve his wife and she conceiyed and bare the son and she called his name Seth, because that has given to
me God
because) slew 26.
And
the seed the other instead of Abel that (or Cain.
him
to Seth also to him (there) was born to him the son and he called his name Enosh. Then began (people) to call on the name of him who (is) the Lord.
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1
is
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314250
UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA LIBRARY
