Introduction to Shi'i Law: A Bibliographical Study

An Introduction to Shi'i Law a bibliographical study Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i An Introduction to shr6rL ~ W a ...

Author: Hossein M. Tabataba'i

140 downloads 2503 Views 7MB Size Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!

Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

An Introduction to Shi'i Law a bibliographical study Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i

An Introduction to

shr6rL

~ W

a bibliographical study

Ithaea Press London 1984

0 Hossein Modarressi Tabitabi'i

FOREWORD

ISBN 0 86372 015 3 First published in 1984 by Ithaca Press

13 Southwark Street

London SEl 1RQ

The Shi'i legal system, which is one of the two major divisions of Islamic law, is a developed integrated system with a long continuous tradition of

Typeset by Barbara Daykin

Gloucester

innovation.

As the system has always been open to new ideas, and as

criticism and original contributions were welcome and encouraged, it grew Printed

&

bound in Great Britain by

Biddles Ltd Guildford & King's Lynn

into and continues to grow as a developed, thriving body of legal thought. Many S h i ' i jurists in the past were at the same time outstanding philosophers, and through them many elements from Islamic logic and philosophy were introduced into, and discussed in, S h i ' i law and jurisprudence. This process resulted, on the one hand, in the appearance of new and highly meticulous legal analyses in S h i ' i law and jurisprudence, and contributed, on the other hand, to the development of Islamic logic and philosophy.

S h i ' i legal works, and in particular thosc of the last two

centuries a r e , therefore, of significant value not only for their legal analyses but also for thleir evaluation and criticism of certain traditional points of view in logic and philosophy as studied in thc Islamic world. The intention of this work is to give the general outlines of S h i ' i law. It is arranged in two parts.

In the first part a short description is given

of the contents of S h i c i law and jurisprudence, together with a brief discussion of its historical development.

In the second p a r t , a list of

some Shi'i comprehensive legal works and monographs is given to provide students of this legal system with essential information about references that should be consulted in any serious study of this subject. The author would like to thank Professor W . Madelung, Professor A . K . S. Lambton and Mr. Albert Hourani who read the first part of this

work and offered valuable suggestions for its improvement.

CONTENTS

Abbreviations Transliteration P A R T ONE

s ~ i 'LAW i

1

SYSTEM AND ITS SOURCES

2

GENERAL S T R U C T U R E OF

s ~ i ' LEGAL i

Chrpter o n e

: THE

C h a p t e r Two

:

Chapter Three

: T H E OUTLINES O F

Chapter Four

:

GENERAL REMARKS ON SHf'f JURISPURDENCE

SHT-7

LAW

THE PERIODS O F S H i ' i LAW PART TWO MAIN WORKS ON S H ? " ~LAW

Chap'ter Five

:

SOME COMPREHENSIVE WORKS A S y s t e m a t i c Legal Works B Collections of FotwZs C Miscellaneous Works

Chapter Six

: SOME MONOGRAPHS

A General B On A c t s of Devotion

C On Contracts D On Unilateral Obligations E BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX

On 'Rules1

7 13

23

ABBREVIATIONS

9

=

hijr? qomor7

sh

=

hijrT shams?

klK

=

kitCb

cat.

:

t h e catalogue of t h e l i b r a r y concerned

AB

=

AghZ B u z u r g , 01-DharT'a ilC ta~CnTf01-ShT'a

Fl

=

Encyclopoedio of Islam (second edition)

Nosh.

=

Nashriyya-yi KitCbkhCno-yi Morkazi-yi DCnishgCh-i Tehran nuskhohCy-i k h o t t 7 d a r bCra-yi

References in footnotes a r e given b y a u t h o r s a n d , if n e c e s s a r y , b y a s h o r t title of thc work.

The full titles a r e t o b e Sound in i h e bibliography

u n d e r t h e a u t h o r ' s name o r u n d e r t h e s h o r t title i l the work i s anonymous. Likewise t h e libraries a r c r e f e r r e d in t h e second p a r t b y a s h o r t title a n d t h e full names a n d details of their catalogues a r e l o be found in t h e bibliography.

TRANSLITERATION The system u s e d m t h e Encyclopaedia of Islam h a s been a d o p l c d , wlth t h e following exceptions:

c

1

19

9

E

ch

There a r e two more points t o bc noted h e r e : ( 1 ) For well-known geographical names t h e common spellings h a v e been preferred. (2)

The definite article h a s been omitted from t h e beginning of t h e names

in all references in t h e footnotes, except where i t i s followed b y an adjective with t h e article.

Part One General Structure of Shi'iLaw

THE

3

SHT'T LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS SOURCES

prevalent Shi'i school, follow the opinions of their twelve Imams, especially the sixth, AbG 'Abd Allah Ja'far b . Mubarnmad al-sadiq, and for this their legal school is also known a s Ja'farT.

reason

***

Chapter One

The Q u r ' i n , Tradition (sunno), the consensus of the Shi'i jurists (ijmii') and reason ('oq1)l form the sources of Shi'i law. The Q u r ' i n , in its apparent literal sense, has shaped the spirit and THE S H ? ' ~LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS SOURCES

foundation of S h i ' i law. The Tradition, i . e . the statements, deeds and tacit consent of the Prophet and the Imams, must be handed down be reliable narrators.

As a doctrinal system, Shi'ism represents a particular tendency of Islam shaped by a chain of theologico-historical analyses.

The YadTth al-

In

respect to this reliability, the doctrinal views of the transmitters are considered irrelevant. A tradition handed down by a reliable non-Shi'i is

Thaqaloyn, a tradition which was handed down by both Shi'is and Sunnis

viewed as sound and acceptable just as one transmitted by a veracious

from the Prophet, according to which the Prophet called on Muslims to

Sh i 'i .

follow the Qur'an and his own Family aftcr him,' was, along with a number of other traditions,

the root and original source of this tendency which

was later strengthened by further theologico-philosophical and historical reasonings.

of ijmii' has been explained in various ways, up to twelve.

In religious matters, Shi'ism has generally based its views on the instructions of prominent members (Imams) of the Prophet's family. The main difference between Sunni and Shi'i legal schools is the manner in which they received the Prophet's Tradition and in their legal sources. Whereas Sunnis received Tradition as transmitted by the Prophet's companions, Shi'is received it through his Family.

In another respect, whereas Sunni legal schools follow the juridical opinions of some juris-

consults of Medina and Iraq, Shi'is Follow the opinions of their Imams, who were descendants of the Prophet.

IjrnZ', i . e . the unanimity of the views of all S h i ' i jurists on a certain legal question, is not a source on its own, but it can become a means through which the opinions of the Imams may be discovered. This function The most

popular among these in contemporary Shi'i law holds that since ijrnii' is the unanimity of the views of 'all' S h i ' i scholars, it naturally includes the views of those scholars who lived in the time of the Imams or the period quite close to it.

Many of these were close companions of the The consensus of these

ImSms and knew their opinions quite thoroughly.

very early jurists, most of whom were absolute followers of the Imams, normally demonstrates the view of the Imams. By 'reason1 as a source"or

S h i ' i law is meant categorical judgments

The Twclver Shi'a which is now the

See Ibn Sa'd, 11, p . 194; Abmad, 111, pp. 14, 17, 59, I V , p . 371, V, p p . 181-2; Muslim, 11, pp. 237-8; Tirmidhi, 11, pp. 219-20; Nasa'i, p . 93; Darimi, 11, p 310; Bayhaqi, 11, p . 148, VII, p . 30, X , p . 113; Bakim, 111, pp. 109-10, 533; Khatib, 111, p p . 255, 258; TabZwi, 11, p . 307, I V , p . 368; Mundhiri, 11, p . 199; Tabarini, I , p p . 131, 135; aluakim alF'l'irmidhi, p p . 68-9; Baghawi, V , pp. 593, 600; Ibn al-Athir, I , p. 187; Ibn al-Turkumani, VII, p . 31; Qasjalini, VII, pp. 4-8; Haythami, I X , pp. 164-5; 'Asqalani, IV, p . 6 5 ; Ibn 'Asakir, I , p. 45; Maqrizi, p . 38; SuyGti, Ibya', pp. 11-30; Muttaqi, X V , p p . 91, 122-3. Independent works are written about this tradition, among them a treatise by Qawiim al-Din al-Wishnawi (YodTth 01-Thaqoloyn, Cairo, 1374q). Mir Barnid Fusayn al-Laknawi devoted a whole volume of his 'Aboqiil a/-anwiir to the chains of authority of this tradition (see the Arabic translation of this book, Vol. I , in which the tradition is quoted from approximately two hundred Sunni sources).

The common sources of the four Sunni legal schools are: the Qur'an, Tradition, ijmii' and qiyiis. Opinions differ about a number of other sources which have been added by some of the schools to those four. IjrnZ' is a source on its own in the Sunni legal system. Qiyiis is the application of the precept of a certain legal case to a similar one through analogical reasoning. The S h i ' i s maintain that such an application is possible only where there is a basic common denominator between the two cases inasmuch as one can be certain that the same reason which is behind the precept in the original case, covers the other case as well (see Karaki, Tor7q istinbiir a/-abkijm, p . 17). It should be noted that these are the sources of the predominant UzClT school of S h i ' i law. The A k h b S school resorted only to Tradition. The earliest legal work in which the four sources above are mentioned with the same order is Ibn I d r i s al-villi's 01-Sarii'ir, p . 3. The early S h i ' i u$Cl works did not usually mention reason as a source of law. See further Muvaffar, 11, p . 122.

See for instance Sharaf al-Din, pp. 42-51, 130-227.

See Muvaffar, 11, p . 107. 9

s will be explained later, reason, in S h i ' i law, is also employed as

4

AN INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'T

THE S I I ~ LEGAL '~ SYSTEM AND ITS SOURCES

LAW

drawn from both pure and practical reason.

A clear instance is the judgment of practical reason that justice i s good and injustice is evil. In S h i ' i u$Gl al-fiqh there i s a principle which states that whatever i s

a/-WrSfT, by Mubammad b . Murla(li al-Kishani , known a s Mubsin

5.

al-Fayg ( d . 109111680) 6.

WosF'il al-ShT'a, by Mubammad b . Basan al-Ijurr albST\mili ( d . 11041

7.

Bibtr ol-an wtr , by Muhammad B i q i r b . Mubarnmad Taqi al-Majlisi

1693)

ordered by reason, is also ordered by religion (kull mii bakam bih a l ' a q l , hakam bib 01-shar').

In accordance with this principle, which i s known a s the 'rule of correlation ' (qii'idat 01-muliiramo), religious rules may be

5

( d . 111011699) Mustodrok a/-Wosii'il, by Uusayn b . Mubarnmad Taqi a l - N t r i

inferred from the sole verdict of reason.

8.

damot 01-wiijib), or between prescribing something and prohibiting i t s

The f i r s t four of these books are collectively known a s 'the four books1 (01-kutub al-arbo'o). In S h i ' i legal literature these four hold the same

The correlation between the obligatoriness of an act and the obligatoriness of its prerequisites (muqadopposite (mas 'alat 01-(iidd), o r , the impossibility of combining command and prohibition in a single case from a single standpoint (ijtimii' al-amr wa'ln a h y ) , are all rational precepts in the methodology of S h i ' i law and

( d . 132011908)1

position that, the six famous collections of Sunni traditions (al-kutub 01s i t t a ) have among S u n n i s . The most popular legal work of reference i s

sources based on pure reason in the juridical efforts to discover legal

Wasii'il ai-5hT'a which gathers the legal traditions contained in the 'four

rules.

books' and in many other sources, and since it i s limited to traditions concerned with legal subjects, it is the most convenient reference handbook

*** Thc traditions handed down from the Prophet and ImZms, which constitute the most important source for S h i ' i law, collections.

are assembled in special

The most renowned of these, which a r e the usual reference

works for jurists, are the following: 1.

K. 01-Ko%, by A b t J a ' f a r Mubammad b . Ya'qtb al-Kulayni ( d . 3291941)

2.

3.

K . Man 1; Yabduruh al-faqTh, by Mubammad b . 'Ali b . BZbawayh

The acceptability of any of the traditions of these books is subject to certain conditions.

The reliability and honesty of all the narrators of a

chain of transmitters of a tradition must first be proved.

This is done by

a branch of scholarship known a s 'ilm a/-rijtl (='ilm rijbi aoibadi?h) which investigates the narrators of the traditions and their biographies. Traditions are graded and divided in accordance with the levels of their

' on the basis

of specific principles found in another branch of

al-Qummi, known a s al-Sadiiq ( d . 3811991-2)

reliability,

TahdhTb al-abkiim, by Mubarnmad b . JJasan al-TEsi, Shaykh al-

Some other major comprehensive collections of S h i ' i traditions a r e : Jawiimi' al-kalim by Muhammad b . 'Ali al-Jaz'a'iri , ' A w5lim 01-'ulGm wa'lmo'brif by 'Abd Allih b . N t r Allih a1-BabrZni, Jiimi' al-rna'iirif wa'lobktm by 'Abd Allih b . Mubammad Ri(li Shubbar al-ilusayni al-Kazimi and Jbmi' obbfith ol-sh7'a by u u s a y n b . 'Ali al-TabZtabi'i al-Burtjirdi. See Shahid I I , D i r t y o , p p . 62-81; Abu'l-Qisim b . JJasan Yazdi, I , p p . 44-61. The main S h i ' i works on this discipline a r e : K. Ma'rifat al-rijiii by al-Kashshi , K . a/-pu'afii' by al-Ghaai'iri , K . a/-Rijbl by al-Najishi , K . al-Fihrist and K . a/-Rijiil by Muhammad b . IJasan a l - T t s i . _Some important later works a r e : Ma'iilim a i ' u l o m 5 ' by Ibn ShahrZshGb, IQItb alishtibth and KhuiF$at 01-aqw8 by alk'AllZma, K. al-Rijiil by Ibn Diwkd, 01-TobrTr 01-TFwGsT by Sibib al-Ma'Zlim, Monhaj al-maqiil by Mubammad b . 'Ali al-Astaribzdi , Naqd 01-riitl by al-Tafrishi , Majmo' al-rijiil by alQ u h p a ' i , VFwT al-maqF1 by 'Abd al-Nabi al-Jaza'iri , Jiimi' a/-ruwtt by Mubammad al-Ardabili , Muntahb a/-maqiil by A b t 'Ali , al-Fawii'id alrijbiiyya by Babr alk'Ultm, TonqTb al-moqtl by 'Abd Allih al-Mimaqini, Qtmiis ol-rijiil by Mubammad Taqi a l - T u s t a r i , and Mu'jom_rijbl ol-bafith by al-Khu'i. For other S h i ' i works on this subject see AghZ Buzurg, Mugoffii ol-maqiil fT mu$anniF 'ilm al-rijtl ( T e h r a n , 1959).

Ti'ifa ( d . 46011067) 4.

for every jurist.

al-lstib$iir, by Mubammad b . @asan al-TGsi

the means for thinking, in which sense it simply means rational argument. This sense of reason i s described in the traditions of the Imams a s the only means to discovcr realities (see Karijaki, p . 70). See Mubaqqiq, Mu'tabar, p . 6; Shahid I , Dhikrt, p . 5; idem, Qawb'id, p . 25; Miqdid, TanqTb, fols. 2b-3a; Qibib al-Madirik, Hidiiyot al-liilibii? , fols. 2b-3a; Q a l i f i , Kashf ol-fawb'id, p . 130. Mubarnmad B'aqir al-Sadr maintains that 'reason' i s a potential rather than an actual source for S h i ' i law. He says that although, according to the methodology of S h i ' i law, reason can on i t s own discover an injuriction and guide toward a certain religious precept, this has never been actualized in practice and all religious commands which can be discovered through the categorical verdicts derived from reason are to be found in t h e Qur 'an and Tradition (Mubammad Biqir al-Sadr , Fatiiwii, I , p . 98). This i s because the traditions indicate duties in particular cascs with details, whereas the Qur'Zn usually has general rules.

'

See Shahid I , Dhikrb, p . 4; Ibn Fahd, Muhadhdhab, fol. 2b; MiqdSd, TanqTb, fol. 3a; Karaki , TorTq istinb5t a/-abkbm, p . 10;

scholarship known, in S h i ' i literature, a s 'ilm a/-diriiya , ( = 'iim diriiyol 01-bofith).'

On these bases, many traditions of the above sources are

n o t , in t h e view of the jurists, sound and reliable.

***

Chapter Two

The inference of legal precepts, from t h e four aforementioned sources of S h i ' i law (the Q u r ' i n , Tradition, ijmii' and rcason) is carried out through a kind of logical rcasoning which, in Islamic terminology,is called iitihzd.

According to S h i ' i teachings, it is always possible for scholars

GENERAL REMARKS ON

SHT'T JURISPRUDENCE

to practise this kind of rational argument in Islamic law, while S u n n i s restrict it to sornc scholars of the early centuries 01 Islam.

In confronting

any legal problem, every S h i ' i jurist must personally investigate these

The inference and discovery of legal norms (istinbiit) from the afore-

legal sourccs to take his own decision about i t . Imitation of the opinion of

mentioned sources, which a r e in some cases contradictory, follow particular

a muitohid, however great he i s , by another mujtohid in legal matters is

rules which are explained by a special branch of scholarship known a s

uniawiul.

ugiii oi-fiqh (principles of law).

This discipline i s a collection of gcneral

rules and regulations on how to deducc positive precepts from the sources. Some of these rules and principles have been borrowed from other disciplines such a s logic, philosophy, theology and philology. In the early periods of Islam, S h i ' i scholars wrote treatises on sornc topics of usGI 01-fiqh, a s i s mentioned in the sources.

But t h e oldest

extant work on usiil al-fiqh by a S h i ' i scholar i s o l T a d i ~ k i r ab i - u ~ i i lalfiqh by al-Shaykb al-MuEd, Mullammad b . MuQammad b . al-Nuemin al-Baghdidi ( d . 441311022), a summary of which i s included by al-Karajaki in h i s book Kanr al-fowz'id. Next, there i s a relatively voluminous work on this subject by al-Sharif al-MurtaGZ, 'Ali b . uusayn al-Miisawi ( d . 436110441, entitled Shahid 11, Diriiya, p p . 19-61; IJusayn b . 'Abd al-samad, Wu7Gl 01-akhyiir, p p . 20-56; $iQib al-Madirik, Hid5yol a/-tiilibTn, fol. 5a; Bahii' al-Din al-'Kmili, WafTra, p p . 4-5; idem, Mashriq 01-shomsayn, p . 269; DZmZd, Rowiishib, p p . 115-204; B i h b a h i n i , To'lTqiit, p p . 5-9; Abu '1-Qisim b . Hasall al-Yazdi , I , p p . 3-44; MimaqZni, Miqbiis, p p . 35-105.

a/-DharTCoilii ugZl a/-shor7'o.

The book of Shaykh al-Ti'ifn hlul~ammad

b . uasan al-Tiisi, 'Uddat 01-uiG14 is the most famous work on u ~ G 01-fiqh l of early periods.

It was a text-book in S h i ' i centres of learning for a

long time. Another r a t h e r old source i s t h e relevant chapter of a/-Chunya

Some main S h i ' i works on this subjcet a r e : 01-Diriiyo and Sharb Risiilat oi-diriiyo by al-Shahid al-ThXni, Wusiii_al-okhyiir by uusayn b . 'Abd al-Samad, ol-Wa[7ro by Bah2' &Din al-'Amili, a/-Rawiishib 01samiiwiyyo by al-Diimiid, Towfii, 01-moqiii by 'Ali al-Kani; MiqbCs 01-hidiiyo by 'Abd Allih al-Miimaqini, and Samb' a/-maqiil by Abu '1-Hudii al-Kalbisi. Also Fowii'id-i shiiriyo by a l - F a r i h i , Lubb 01-Lubiib by Muhammad Ja'far al-Astariibiidi , Qawii'id a/-bodTth by al-Ghariii , and Qiyii' a/-diriiyo by PiyZ' al-Din al-'Allarna.

See IJasan al-sadr, p p . 310-12. It will be seen later on in this work that a group oS early S h i ' i jurists, who were contemporaries of t h e Twelve Imams, used rational argument and t h r rules of u$El a/-fiqh in t h e inference of legal precepts.

411 the above-mentioned principles are according to the Usiili school of S h i ' i law. The Akhbiris rejected iitihiid and prohibited the practice of rational argument in law. There a r e some objections l o the practice of iftihiid in the traditions from the ImZms and in early S h i ' i works too. Most of t h e s e , however, r e f e r to the Sunni version of iitihiid which includes qiyiis and isLibs6n.

Edited Tehran, 1967-9. Al-Murtadi had written independent treatises on almost all the topics of ugiil 01-fiqh (see his introduction to 01-DharT'o, I , p . 2). He also discussed t h e ugGl topic of okhbiir 01-iibiid in his a/D h a k h p o , formally a work of koliim theology (see Shaykh, 'Udda, p p . 33-71,

K a r i j a k i , p p . 186-94 (see also Shaykh, 'Uddo, p . 2 ; shoykh-i TiisT, 111, p . 373; Brunschvig, p p . 201 f f ) .

Edited Tehran, 1313-14q and Bombay, 1312-18q.

Yiidniimo-yi

GENERAL REMARKS ON SHf'f JURISPRUDENCE by Ibn Zuhra al-Ejalibi ( d . 58511189-90). K . a/-Mogiidir

u j i i l 01-fiqh by

Sadid al-Din Mabmiid al-uimmasi, the Shi'i scholar of late 6thll2th century is not extant, but some paragraphs of it are quoted in Ibn Idris's olSarii'ir.

Next, the works of al-Muhaqqiq J a ' f a r b . Basan al-villi ( d . 6761

1277) such as Ma'Zrif a / - w u g i i i , and then those of ai'AllZma uasan b. Yiisuf b. al-Mutahhar al-villi ( d . 72611325) such as TahdhTb 01-usiil, Mobiidi' 01wu$Zl and NihZyat a / - w u s i i l contributed to the evolution of this discipline.

Following this period, many commentaries ( s h a r b ) and annotations ( b Z s h i y o ) appeared on the works of al-'Allima,

some of which are listed in Two of the

Aghi Buzurg al-Tihrini's a/-DhorT'a ilZ t a s i i n i f a/-ShT'a.

most famous of these are the commentaries known as a l - p i y i ' i and al'Amidi5 which had a notable influence on the development of S h i ' i u$Ci 01-fiqh. AI-Shahid al-Awwal Shams al-Din Muhammad b . Makki 31-'Amili ( d . 78611384) assembled these two commentaries, together with some useful notes by himself, in a volume entitled Jtimi' 01-boyn. vasan b . Zayn al-Din al-'Amili

( d . 101111602) paved the way for con-

centrated discussions on u $ Z l a / - f i q h by composing a systematic and well arranged text as an introduction to his legal work Ma'iilim 01-dTn Thereafter, numerous commentaries and annotations were composed on this t e x t , which has been a text-book in S h i ' i centres of learning since the I l t h l l 7 t h century.

development.

It was, however, revived with the appearance of a prominent

scholar in the last third of the 12thl17th century, Muhammad Biqir b . Muhammad Akmal al-Bihbahini , known as 31-Wahid ( d . 120511791), who strove vigorously to combat the influence of AkhbZrism and to propagate u j i i l a/-fiqh.

His students also devoted themselves to the same cause.

Works such as QawiinTn a / - u g i i l by Abu '1-QZsim b . yasan al-GilZni, known as al-Mubaqqiq al-Qummi ( d . 123111816), a/-FugCl by Muhammad uusayn b . Muhammad Rabim al-Igfahini ( d . 1250-411834-9), Hidiiyotal-mustarshicfTti by Muhammad Taqi b . Muhammad Rabim al-Ihfahini ( d . 124811833), MafiitTb 01-ugiil by Muhammad b . 'Ali al-Karbali'i a l - T a b i t a b i ' i , known

as al-Mujihid'(d. 124211827) and p a w i i b i t a / - u g Z l by Ibrihim b . Muhammad Biqir al-Qazwini ( d . 126211846), all of which were written by the pupils and followers of al-Bihbahini's school, were instrumental in the progress and the spread of ugijlT doctrine. Shaykh Murtaai 31-Angiri , the great scholar and legal theoretician ( d . 128111864), systematically revised and reconstructed the methodology of S h i ' i law, and extended the horizons and dimensions of this discipline. The collection of his treatises on u $ i i l a / - f i q h , entitled Rasii'il or F a r i i ' i d 01-ugZl is still used as a text-book in traditional academies of S h i ' i law.

In the school of al-Ansiri, which has continued up to the present date, the principles of ugiii 01-fiqh have been continuously subjected to scrup-

During the l l t h l l 7 t h century, the most significant u l i i T views were put forward by Yusayn b . Rafi' al-Din Muhammad al-Mar'ashi alIVlZzandarini ( d . 106411653-4), one of the authors of the commentaries to M a * i ; l ~ m . Zubdot 01-ugiil by Bahi' al-Din al-'Amili ( d . 1030.1621) and Wiifiyat 01-ugiil by 'Abd AllZh b . Muhammad al-Tun7 ( d . 107111660-1) are

among the best-known Shi'i u $ Z l texts of this century. In the 12thl17th century, the A k h b K school which repudiated the discipline of u j Z l a / - f i q h , became predominant and inhibited its further

ulous and minute examination by his disciples and followers. As a result of the emergence of great scholars such a s Muhammad Kizim al-Khurisini ( d . 132911911) author of Kifiiyayol 01-u$iil, Muhammad vusayn al-Ni'ini ( d . 135511936), PiyZ' al-Din alFsArZqi ( d . 136111948) author of MoqiilZt 01-ugCl, and Muhammad Ejusayn al-Igfahini al-Kumpini ( d . 136111942)

author of NihFyot a / - d i r i i y a , and through their incisive intellectual efforts, S h i ' i ugiil 01-fiqh is now the most elaborate in Islamic scholarship, and is still subject to discussions and open to further development, changes and perfection.

Edited Tehran, 1276q (in the collection of 01-Jowiim~' a / - f i q h i y y a , p p . 523-49). Idris, pp. 409-10.

AB, VI, pp. 54-5;

XIII, pp. 165-70; XIV, pp. 53-4.

That is Munyat a/-IabTb by p i y i ' al-Din 'Abd Allah b . Majd al-Din Muhammad al-A'raji al-gusayni, and S h a r b a/-TohdhTb by 'Amid 31-Din 'Abd al-Mutialib b . Majd al-Din Muhammad al-A'raji al-uusayni. These two brothers were the neqphew of alF'Allima, and both lived in the first half of the 8thll4th century (AB, XIII, p . 168). AB, V , p p . 43-4.

**

:x

As mentioned before, S h i ' i law has four basic sources: the Q u r ' i n ,

AB, XXI, p . 95. "bn

9

the Tradition, consensus and reason.

The discipline of u j c l 01-fiqh aims

to show how the legal norms can be deduced from those four sources. In some cases, however, the law cannot be directly discovered by resorting to these.

Special general principles have therefore been laid down for

such circumstances, and these are known in S h i ' i jurisprudence as ugZl ' a m o l i y y a (procedural principles).

Thus, S h i ' i u$Cl a / - f i q h is divided

into two parts; one part discusses the method of infercnce of legal norms

A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ f ' fLAW

10

11

GENERAL REMARKS ON SHf'f JURISPRUDENCE

from the four original sources; the other part examines the manner of

ations of a jurisprudent who must exercise and follow his own decision in

reasoning with the above-mentioned principles.

legal matters and of those of a jurisconsult whose legal decisions should

In the first part of ugiil a / - f i q h , the rules of reasoning with the written At first there is some

code, the Qur'in and the Tradition, are discussed.

be followed by the ordinary people who are not able to discover their obligations directly from the sources.

***

semantic discussion relating to the nature of word-making, the use of words in their metaphorical sense, and similar subjects. Then there is general legal discussion about various implications of the imperative and

What follows is a selected bibliography of modern S h i ' i u$El 01-fiqh developed during the last one hundred years.

These are the most

the negative imperative, general law and exception, absolute and condit-

important works of the school of al-Angiri, given in chronological order:

ional laws, explicit and reverse implication, and ambiguous and clear

AL-ANSART:

designations.

Next, the validity of the four original sources of S h i ' i law

-

Motiirih ol-onziir (his lectures complied by Abu '1-Qisim al-Tihrini),

~ e h r a i1 , 308~

are investigated. Meanwhile the nature of law, legal judgments arrived at

-

through pure reason, and the valid means for arriving a t knowledge of legal obligations are discussed.

AL-ASHTIY~N~: Bobr 01-fowz'id ( a commentary on al-AnsZrils F a r i i ' i d a/-u$Gl), Tehran, 1300, 1314-15q

In the second part of S h i ' i u$El a / - f i q h , the legal basis and the scope of validity of the procedural principles are examined. These are the four

HADT AL-TIHRZNT:

principles of b o r i i ' o (exemption), i b t i y i i l or ishtighzl (prudence), tokhyTr

'ALT B. FATH ALLAH AL-NAHAWANDT:

(option) and istisbiib (continuance). obligation is not known.

Moboijot 01-'ulornii' , Tehran, 1318-20q ToshrTb 01-u$iil a/-kobTr, Tehran, 1316-20q

They cover all cases where the real

If the case has a precedence, the same law should

continue according to the last principle.

Otherwise the first principle

excludes any legal obligation where it is not known if there is such an

AL-KHURASANT -

principle if it is possible.

But one option should be chosen according to

the third principle if it is impossible to follow both or all. principles are very important in modern S h i ' i law.

These four

Al-Maqiiliit a / - C h o r i y y o , Tabriz

'ABD

-

antly during the last century.

Fawii'id a / - u ~ i i l(another collection of his lectures compiled by Muhammad 'Ali al-KizimT al-Khurisini), Tehran, 1368q (vols. 1-2) Najaf, 1349-51q (vols. 3-41

QIYA ' -

these principles. After the two parts mentioned above there is a chapter on conflict between laws, followed in most works by a chapter on the necessary qualific-

A L - D ~ N AL-'ARAQY : Moaiilo? 01-usiil. Naiaf. 13584 (vol. 1 ) . Tehran, 13694 (vol. 2) ~ i h i i ~ 01-ojkiii ot (his lectures compiled by ~ u ~ a m m a d - T a alqi Buriijirdi) , Najaf, 1371-7q

In earlier S h i ' i works on ugul a / - f i q h , up

to the l0thll6th century, only a few pages or even lines were devoted to

: A jwod 01-toqririii (hisleclurcs co~mpiledby Abu '1-Qisim al-Khu'i),

Tehran, 1348q

of their application. Many logical and philosophical concepts are used and This part of ugiil a/-fiqh expanded signific-

, 1317q

AL-~A'IR~:

Duror 01-fowii'id, Tehran, 1337-8q, 1344q, 1355q, 1361q, 1372q

efforts have been devoted to elaborating the methods and the conditions

through these discussions.

'AL-KARTM

AL-NA'TNT

Considerable scholarly

discussed to this e n d , and new logical and philosophical ideas are developed

:

Kifzyot 01-ugiil, Tehran, 1326-7q, 1341-2q, 1364q Duror ol-fawF'id, Tehran, 1315q, 1318q, 1343q.

$ADIQ AL-TABRTZT:

obligation. However, if there is a known obligation, but it is uncertain between two or more options, all must be followed according to the second

Farii'id 01-u$Gl = ol-Rosii'il, edited many times ( e . g . Tehran, 1296q)

MUUAMMAD IjUSAYN AL-I$FAHANTAL-KUMPANT: - Nihiiyot 01-diriiyo, Tehran, 1343-71q A/-UgZl 'ala 'I-nahj 01-bodi?h, Najaf, 1957 ABU 'L-MAJD AL-I$FAHANT: Wiqiiyoi a/-odhhiin , [ I r a n ] , 1337 q

AL-BURUJIRDT See Mufid, T o d h k i r o , pp. 192-3; Shaykh, ' U d d o , pp. 296-302, 303-4; Mubaqqia, M o ' i i r i j , pp. 14456; idem, M u ' t a b o r , p p . 6-7; ' Allima, Mobiidi', p . 56; idem, Nihiiyo, fols. 273a-277b; idem, TohdhTb, p . 105; Karaki, TarTq istinbiif 01-obkiirn, pp. 16-17; Uusayn b . 'Abd al-$amad, ' I q d , pp. 14-15, 23-5; $%bib al-Ma'ilim, pp. 227-31; BahZ' al-Din al'Amili, Zubdo, pp. 48, 72.

: Nihiiyot 01-u~Gl(his lectures compiled by lJusayn 'Ali al-Muntaziri)

,

Qum, 11377 q ? l AL-KHU 'f : -

Mubiidoriit fi u$Cl a/-fiqh (his lectures compiled by Mubarnmad Isbiq

-

M i ~ b i i b01-u$;l

al-Fayyid), Najaf, 1914(another collection of his lectures compiled by Mulpmmad

12

A N INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'T LAW

Sarwar al-Bihsfidi) , Najaf, 1377-86q AL-KHUMAYNT: - TahdhTb 0 1 - u ~ i l( h i s lectures compiled by Ja'far al-Subbani), Qum, 1373-82q A/-Rasii'il, Qum, 1385q

Chapter Three

MUVAMMAD RIQA AL-MUZAFFAR: UzGl a/-fiqh, Najaf, 1966 MUUAMMAD BAQIR AL-SADR: - DurEs F 'ilm a/-~$1, Beirut, 1978 - To'iiruCI a/-odillo a/-shar'iyya ( h i s lectures compiled by Mabmfid alHashimi 1 , Tehran, 1396q

THE OUTLINES OF S ~ i ' iLAW

The subjects of Islamic law (fiqh) have been classified in different forms. In Sunni law, they a r e usually divided into two categories:

'ibiid6t ( a c t s

of devotion) and mu'tmoltt (here meaning worldly a f f a i r s ) . Al-Ghazili , the S h i f i ' i scholar ( d . 50511111) in his I b y t ' 'uliim 01-fin1 divided all religious and moral injunctions into four groups, 'ibiidiit,'iidiii (ordinary a f f a i r s ) , munjiytt (what ensures salvation) and muhlikiit (what causes perdition). texts,

This classification had some influence on later S h i f i ' i legal

and inspired another procedure which divided legal subjects into

four groups: 'ibcddat, mu'rTmalZt, muncikabai (personal s t a t u s ) and jintytt or 'uqiibZt (penal law).

In o r d e r to justify this latter division, it

is said that the subjects of fiqh concern either life in this world o r life in the hereafter.

The subjects related to t h e former state of being are div-

ided into three p a r t s :

those which regulate human relationships

(mu'tmuliit), those which preserve human kind (muniikabCt) and those which protect both individuals and mankind (jiniiyiit). The subjects related to the latter state of being, i . e . the precepts which should bring happiness and welfare in the next life, a r e 'ibiid6t.

'

The oldest extant systematic codifications of S h i ' i law are found in some works of jurists of the 5 t h l l l t h c e n t u r y . Abu '1-BalZl) al-galabi ( d . 44711055-6) classified, in his K. a / - K c fi '1-fiqh , t h e legal subjects according to t h e religious precepts. of three kinds:

IIe considered all religious dues to be

' i b t d c t , by which he meant not only the common acts of

devotion but all obligations including p a r t of the category of mu'iimaliit, GhazZlT, /by;',

I , p . 3.

See also Fayd, Mabajja, I , p p . 4-5.

See for example Qaffal, 111, p . 382; Ghazzi, p . 598; BZjfiri, 11, p . 332. See JJaydar , I , p . 15/Mabmasini, p . 24 quoting al-Anqarawi a/-FatZwii 01-onqorawiyya (Cairo, 1281q1, I , p . 1.

'

MuQammad al-XmuE , NaE'fs 01-funiin , p . 146.

14

THE OUTLINES OF

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

muburromot (prohibitions) and abkzm ( r u l e s ) . This latter term refers to all legal precepts which do not impose any religious duty (action or abstention) on Muslims, i.e. which cannot be included in the other two

SHT'ILAW

considered the basis for separating 'ibi;dzt from other subjects to be the intrinsic beauty and superiority of the act of devotion itself. Na$ir aalDin al-Tusi ( d . 67211274) followed a more philosophical approach and proposed a tripartite classification.

categories. Qiai 'Abd al-'Aziz b , al-Barrij ( d . 48111088) in his 01-Muhodhdhab

15

He argued that the

religious laws concern individuals eithcr as individual bearers of respon-

divided religious precepts into two categories, those which affect 011 the

sibility or as members of the family, or as people in society. The first

people and those which do not.

category is the section on 'ibodzt, the second is the rules included in

The former are 'ibiidot which are general duties and for this very reason precede the rest of fiqh. Another S h i ' i jurist of the samc period, Sall'ar b . 'Abd al-'Aziz alUaylami ( d . 44811056-7) first classified fiqh in two sections:

'ibijdat and mu'Zmol~t, then he divided the latter into 'uqcd (contracts) and

t , the third is the section on muniikobtt and other parts of m u C ~ m a / t and siyiiszt (penal law). Al-FiQil al-Miqdid (d. 82611423) proposed two other modes of division in the classification of the legal subjects.

Both approaches were inspired

One method is based on the belief

obk?im,

and then divided abkzm further into jinoyct and other types of

by 01-Qow?'id3 of al-shahid al-Awwal.

rules.'

A1-MuQaqqiq, inspired by this method, classified fiqh in his

that in the course of their moral development, human beings must acquire

ShorE'i' 01-1sli;m into four sections:

'ibiidzi, 'uqiid (here meaning

bilateral obligations), Tqo'ot (unilateral obligations) and obkiim.

This

the traits beneficial to human life and character, and reject those which are destructive.

Some of these beneficial traits may bring about instant

A1-Shahid al-Awwal justified this classification in his 01-QowF'id by arguing that rcligious

results, others more distant results, depending on the nature of these

precepts are concerned either with life on earth or life in the hereafter.

marriage, transactions, food and drink (a/-of'imo wo 'I-oshribo) and the

The former fall under mu'iimalot and the latter under 'ibFdCit. This first category, the mu'Fmo/5t, is in turn divided into two parts since these are

like belong to the former.

precepts which either concern thc undertakings of individuals themselves

metho?, thus, divides the subjects of fiqh into three categories.

method was accepted by jurists who succeeded him.

or those which are not related to the undertakings of individuals.

These

traits.

Acts of devotion belong to the latter category; rules relating to The precepts of penal law aim to combat those

destructive traits which inhibit the progress of human beings.

This

The other mode of classification proposed by Miqdid divides fiqh into

latter are known as obkEim and include all judicial, penal and inheritance

six sections.

rules, etc.

down for the protection of the five basic elements of human life, viz:

Undertakings too are of two kinds since some are bilateral

('uqiid) and others unilateral (TqZ'?it).

This approach is on the basis that religions have been laid

faith, life, property, lineage and reason.

Acts of devotion are the pillar

Al-Shahid offers the same explanation in his Dhikro with the exception that in this book, the basic

of faith; the criminal law which gives the right of retaliation to the

difference between 'ibCdtit and other categories is that acts of devotion

offended person is to create a guarantee for life; regulations concerning

must be practised in order to obey God and move closer to him, whereas

transactions regulate financial relations and protect property;

other categories do not carry this obligation.

'

Some other scholars

ualabi, K z r , fols. 1-2. See also his Toqrib a/-mo'iirif, fol. 96a, in which he classified all religious duties into actions and abstcntions. Ibn al-Barrij, Muhodhdhob, fol. 123b. Sallir, p . 28. I h i d . , p . 143. Mubaqqiq, Shorz'i', I , p p . 19, 163, 11, pp. 53, 135. See for example 'AllZma, TobrTr, I , p p . 1, 158, 11, p p . 52, 123. See also N i ' i n i , I , p . 33. Shahid I , Qowo'id, p . 4 . See also Miqdid, TonqTb, fols. 3b-4a; Shorb qorrot 01-bobroyn , fol. l b . Shahid 1, DhikrZ, pp. 6-7. See also Jaw'ad al-'Amili, IV, p. 2 ; KalbXsi fol. 2a.

'

.

marriage

regulations, related laws and some penal precepts are for the reproduction of the human race;

precepts related to the prohibition of alcohol and the

punishment of drinkers of alcohol and the like protect human reason. Moreover, legal precepts are laid down in order to protect the totality of the Islamic system and guarantee its correct application.

'

Kishif al-Ghiti' , Shorb a/-QowC'id, Pol. Za. N a ~ i ral-Din al-Tiisi , p . 41. Shahid 1, QowZ'id, p p . 4-6.

'

Miqdid, TonqTb, fol. 41; also Jawid al-'Arnili, IV, p . 2. The origin of the second approach can be found in al-Ghazili's 01-Mustozfi and alShitibi's 01-MuwCfoqiit, I , p. 38. See also Abu '1-'Abbis al-UarrinT,

16

AN INTRODUCTION TO

17

THE OUTLINES OF SHT'i LAW

S H T ' ~ LAW

Mubsin al-Faya followed a new approach in his works on law and Tradition such as 01-WX, Mu'tasam 01-Sh7a and MofiitTh 01-sharii'i'.

He merged

The chapters of S h i ' i law, which are called 'books kitdb),

are concerned with various legal subjects.

'

( k u t u b , sing.

Together they pro-

some chapters of fiqh and changed the locations of some legal headings,

vide a catalogue of the personal and social duties of a S h i ' i Muslim.

mostly for the purpose of ordering it according to the human life-cycle.

The arrangement of these chapters varies in different texts, but generally the chapters on devotions are located at the beginning, those

For instance, he put the chapters on death and the deceased, obkCm 01amwdt (which in previous texts were in the k. 01-tohiira, traditionally the

on transactions in tile middle and those on inheritance and the penal code,

first chapter of f i q h ) , at the end, followed by the chapter on inheritance.

at the end.

In this way, he tried to create a new codification for law and Tradition.

are given at the start of some of the chapters."

He divided fiqh into two sections: one on acts of devotion and the social

In some Sunni legal works, the reasons for this arrangement

Sunni5 and S h i ' i 6 authors have stated that the reason why they place

duties (a/-'ibdddt wo'l-siyCsCi) and the other on ordinary affairs and

some chapters before others is that not only are these intrinsically more

transactions (a/-'iidiit wo'l-mu'iimoliit).

important but that religion also endows them with an importance above

'

Another method, which is inspired by modern western approaches to the classification of legal subjects, divides topics of fiqh into the following

I1

Property.

B.

times and anywhere, have priority over transactions, executive rules, e t c . ,

This may be of two kinds:

which are restricted by certain conditions.

ated for use in the general interests of the community.

prayer, which is a daily duty for every Muslim and is, in fact, the most

Private property.

The regulations 01 this section are discussed

regular Islamic duty, together with its requisite ritual purity (fohiiro),

in two independent parts:

come before the other acts of devotion.' Ibn uamza, another S h i ' i jurist

1 . The lawful means of ownership

of the 6thll2th century, adopting the same view, evaluated the degree of

The rules concerning the disposal of property

the applicability of each of these acts to devotion, and included a discus-

'

Personal behaviour and practices, i . e . ordinary affairs which do not

sion of this in the preface of his work 01-WasTlo.

concern religious devotions or financial matters.

b . 'Ali b . 'Uthmin al-Karijaki ( d . 44911057-8) arranged the chapters of

These are of two

Abu '1-Fatb Mu4ammad He tried

kinds:

fiqh in his legal work called Bustiin like the branches of a tree.

A.

Family law

to connect the branches to each other so a s to create a natural arrangement

B.

The rules for social relations and behaviour of individuals in the society

IV

Amongst the acts of devotion,

Public property, which does not belong to a person but is alloc-

2. 111

According

to him, acts of devotion which have to be practised by all Muslims at all

'ibiiddt A.

Q i o i 'Abd alkQAzizb . al-Barrij holds that the arrangement of the chapters is related to the generality of the subjects they treat.

categories: I

others.

Political subjects in general.

See for the use in this context of this term FujGi, fols. 84b-85a, 87b-88a; Shahid 11, Rowdo, I , p . 26.

A s was noted before, al-galabi inserted all obligations in the section on devotions, including parts of the sections on Tqii'dt and obkcim. A1-Shahid al-Awwal followed al-Ijalabi in some of his legal works (see especially N i ' i n i , I , p. 33).

***

In al-FayO1s works the penal code comes before the section on transactions. See for instance his MofCtTh, I , p . 14. p . 455; Zarqa', I , pp. 64-7; Khallif, p . 57.

Zubayli, pp. 359-60;

M a b m a ~ i n i ,p. 2 5 ;

See Fayd, MofitTh, I , p. 1 4 ; idem, Wdfi, I , p. 16. See also Na'ini, I , p . 33. As one can guess from the titles of the sections, al-Fay0 was inspired to some extent in his proposal by the method of arrangement of alGhazilT's lbyC' 'ulL7m 01-fin, which was summarized and refined by al-Fay0 in a book named 01-Mobolio 01-boyq'C' fi ibyC' 01-lbyii'. Mubarnmad Biqir al-gadr, FotCwd, I , pp. 132-4.

'

See as an example Tabtiwi , 11, p . 2 . Mubamrnad al-xmuli , Nafd'is, p. 146; FugGl, fol. 89a-b.

6

See for example Mubaqqiq, ShorC'i', I , p . 19; 'AlTama, Tabg~ro, p . 1; Risdlo fi 'I-tahiira wo 'I-jalCt, fol. 34a. Ibn al-Barraj, Sharb Jumol, p. 54; idem, Muhodhdhob, fol. 124. See also Shaykh, Iqtigdd, p . 239; Fugiil, fol. 89. Ibn Jjamza, WosTlo, p. 662.

18

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

of the topics.

THE OUTLINES OF S ~ f ' fLAW

In his pattern, the first chapter of each section was a

2.

K . 01-$oliit = prayer.

19

This chapter includes in some works scientific

smaller branch growing from trunk of the tree itself.

Each later chapter in a section was a smaller branch growing from the main one. We do not

discussions of the two topics of the times of prayer (owqiit 01-$ala) and the direction of prayer (qiblo); there is also discussion on the social

know any further details of his pattern which was described by one of his

status of the S h i ' i jurist (foqSh) and the nature of Islamic government in

contemporaries as a novel plan.

the part devoted to Friday prayer. 3. K . al-zokiit = alms, the best known fiscal obligation of Muslims.

The different approaches adopted by the scholars with regard to the codification of legal subjects resulted in a variety of arrangements of the chapters in their hooks.

There was also much disagreement about the

subdivisions of sections.

For instance the number of acts of devotion is

five according to Shaykh al-r%'ifa3 and Ibn zuhra,%ix

,'

~ a l l i r ten according to al-galabi

,6

according to

Ibn gamza7 and a l - ~ u b a ~ ~ i ~ % n d

forty-five according to Yabyi b . Sa'id.

'

On the other hand, some authors, especially later ones, merged different chapters and reduced the number of general titles as mush as possihle. Thus there is considerable variation between legal texts in respect to their arrangement and the number of chapters.

4.

K . 01-khums, the one fifth tax which according to S h i ' i law covers

all kinds of revenue and not only the booty of war and treasure trove as Suuni law maintains. included.

A discussion about the authority of S h i ' i jurists is

Some laws relating to non-Muslim residents of Muslim territory

are to be found here, since one of the cases where khums is levied is land sold to a non-Muslim by a Muslim.

The chapter is followed by a discussion

of a n m , i.e. the property of the Isiamic state including all natural wealth and wastelands. 5. K . al-sowm = fasting. 6. K . 01-i'tikiif = seclusion, which is regarded a s a desirable act of

For instance, 01-Nihiiyo by Shaykh al-TZ'ifa has twenty-two chapters, his 01-Mobsiif seventy one,

devotion in Islamic law, and should be performed in the congregational

Shorii'i' 01-Isliim by al-Mu'paqqiq fifty-two, Qowd'id 01-obkdm by al-

mosque of the town.

'AllZma thirty-one, his Tabsirat 01-muto'ollim'in eighteen, 01-Lum'o 01-Dimoshqiyyo by al-Shahid al-Awwal fifty-two, his a/-Duriis al-Shar'iyyo forty-eight, Mofdt'ib a/-shord'i' by al-Faya twelve, and his 01-WiiF (which is a collection of traditions) ten.

*** What follows is a very brief description of the contents of S h i ' i law,

7. K . al-bojj = pilgrimage to Mecca during the last month of the Islamic lunar calendar, with its special laws and conditions.

8. K . ol-'umro = a simpler kind of pilgrimage to Mecca which can be performed at any time of the year. 9. K . 01-jihiid = 'holy war', offensive and defensive, and in the second case against either external or internal enemies.

This chapter includes

according to the classification and arrangment of al-Mu'paqqiq's Shorz'i'

discussion of the different categories of land within Muslim territory, on

01-lsliim:

the relation between the Islamic state and non-Muslim governments, on the

A.

ACTS OF DEVOTION ('ibiidiit):

1. K . 01-lahiiro = ritual purity. The chapter includes some laws relating to non-Muslims and the deceased.

status of non-Muslims in Muslim territory, and the like. 1 0 . K.ol-omr b i 'I-mo'rzf

wo 'I-nahy 'on ol-munkor = ordering what is

good and forbidding what is evil;

rules and regulations of these Islamic

social obligations. Niiri, 111, p . 498; AB, 111, p . 105 See Kalbisi, fol. 21. Shaykh, lqti$iid, p. 239. Ibn Zuhra, p . 549 SallZr, p. 28. galabi, KiiF, fol. 2b. Ibn Bamza, loc. cit. 8

Mubaqqiq, Shard'i', I , p . 19. Yabyi b . Sa'id, Nuzho, pp. 6 - 7 .

B.

CONTRACTS ( ' u q i d )

1. K . al-tijdro = transactions; discussion about valid and invalid ways of carrying out transactions, unlawful business, right of cancellation of business agreements, conditions connected with contracts and similar topics.

It also includes discussion on ownership and the fiscal system as

applied to the various categories of land in Muslim territory, the legal status of working for unjust rulers and their disposals of the properties of the Muslims' treasury, and, in the legal works of the last century up to now, a study of the authority of the S h i ' i jurist (wiliiyot ol-foq'ih).

AN INTRODUCTION TO

20

SHT'T

LAW

THE OUTLINES OF

Legal discussion about subjects such as music and interest on !oans is to be found in the same chapter. 2.

K a/-rohn = mortgage.

3.

K . a/-mufollos = bankruptcy, the responsibilities of the Islamic

state when somebody becomes bankrupt and his assets do not balance his

K . a/-bojr = interdiction, cases where the owner is legally forbidden

from disposing of his own property, a s is the case with minors and the

K . 01-p'amZn = suretyship for claims, transference of the liability

with regard to a claim. The suretyship for persons (01-kofZlo bi 'I-nofs) is also discussed in the same chapter. 6.

K . 01-gulb = conciliation, the mutual agreement of two persons on a

certain matter, the details of which are not clear; for example, the mutual agreement between the creditor and the debtor on a specified sum where the amount of the debt is not precisely known. 7.

K . 01-sharika = partnership.

8.

K . ol-MudZraba = sleeping partnership, i.e. one party invests the

capital and the other provides the labour. 9.

K.ol-muziiro'o wo 'I-musiiqZt = share cropping, i.e. the landlord

entrusts his land to a cultivator (muziiro'a) or the owner of an orchard gives it to someone to look after the trees (rnusiiqct), in return for a share

K . 01-wafl'a = deposit, the safe-keeping of someone else's property.

11. K . 01-'Zrlya = lending an object gratuitously to someone to make use

3.

K . a/-rib+, that is a husband's statement to his wife, saying she

is like his mother (this was a saying occasionally used in Arab commun4.

K . 01-Ti:'

= a husband's oath to abstain from marital intercourse

for a period of more than four months, in which case he must either give 5.

K. ol-li'iin, husband's affirmation, through a cursing oath and

before a court of law, that the wife has been unfaithful, and a similar affirmation by his wife that the husband is lying. After such a counteraffirmation and cursing the marriage is irrevocably dissolved. 6.

K . olk'itq = the manumission of slaves.

7.

K . 01-tadbTr wo 'I-mukiitobo wo 'I-istTlZd, these are three ways for

slaves to acquire their freedom.

TodbTr is a manumission which takes

effect from the time of the owner's death. MukZtaba is a contract between the owner and the slave by which the latter acquires his fredom against a future payment.

The third concept, istniid, refers to cases where a

female slave gives birth to a child for her owner, in which case she becomes free on her owner's death. 8.. K . 01-iqrZr = acknowledgement of debt, family relationship and the It is conclusive legal evidence for the creation of an obligation on

the part of the person who makes it. 9.

K . 01-ju'iilo, the undertaking by a person to pay a certain sum in

return for the performance of some specific t a s k , no matter who actually

of i t . 12. K . 01-ijZro = h i r e and lease, the sale of usufruct or the hire of 13. K. 01-wikZlo = procuration, power of disposal on another. 14.

K. 01-wuqiif wa'l-godoqiit = endowments and charity.

15.

K . 01-suknz wo 'I-tabbTs = temporary donation of usufruct.

16. K . 01-hibZt = donation of objects. 17. K. 01-sabq wo 'I-rimiiyo = horse and camel racing and marksmanship contests; the only two cases where betting is regarded as legal, for the actual participants only. 18. K. 01-wo$iiyZ = legacies. 19. K. al-nikZb

performs it.

For instance, someone offers a sum as a reward for the

return of some property of his which has been lost.

service.

C.

redeems herself from the marriage for a consideration.

like.

of the produce. 10.

K . a/-khul' wo 'I-mubZro'o, two kinds of divorce by which the wife

up his oath or divorce his wife.

insane. 5.

21

ities). This declaration requires a religious expiation (koffiro).

liabilities. 4.

2.

SHT'T LAW

marriage.

UNILATERAL OBLIGATIONS (Tqz'Zt)

1. K . a/-jolZq = divorce

1 0 . K . a/-oymZn = oaths, undertakings stated in the name of God. 11. K . a/-nodhr = vow, an undertaking towards God to do or not to do something, unconditionally or provided a certain wish comes t r u e .

D.

RULES (obk?im)

1. K . 01-joyd wo 'I-dhobZbo = hunting and slaughtering. 2.

K . 01-ol 'imo wo 'I-oshriba = food and drinks.

3.

K . a/-ghazb = usurpation.

4.

K . ol-shuf'o = pre-emption, the co-owner's right to priority to buy

the other share of the property, so that he can dissolve the sale of that share and take it into his own possession if it is sold to an outsider without the co-owner's agreement. 5.

K . ibyZ' 01-mowZt = reclamation of wastelands.

This chapter

AN INTRODUCTION TO ~ ~ f LAW ' f

22

includes a survey of land law, and is normally followed by a s t u d y of the common property of t h e community (mushtorokiit), such as water and pasture. 6.

K . oi-iuqoto = trove p r o p e r t y . Chapter Four

K . olkfort7'id = inheritance. 8. K. 01-qadZ' = arbitration, legal procedure.

7.

9.

K . 01-shohCd6t

witnesses.

:

10. K . ol-budijd wo 'I-toCrTrFt = penal law. 11. K . o l - q i ~ t 7=~ retaliation, the right of the offended person or his hairs against the offender. 1 2 . K. oi-diyZt z blood-money and other financial compensations.

/

The present legal system of S h i ' i fiqh has developed through various

1 2 ji I

1

phases, a n d has been reformed and elaborated by many e m ~ n e n tscholars, among whom are Shaykh al-Ti'lfa Mubarnmad b . uasan al-Tusi, d l - ~ u b a q q i qJ a ' f a r b

. Basan

ai-I.I~lli, ai-'~11ima uasan b. ~ i i s u fb

.

ai-Mutahhar al-JJlili, al-Shahid al-Awwal Mubammad b . Makki al-'iimlli and G i b ~ bal-Madirlk Mubammad b . ' Ali a l - ' ~ I E( d . 100911600). In the legal sources, the hlstory of S h i ' i law is usually divided into two periods,' that of the ancient or early scholars (qudornC' or rnutoqodd~mijn)and that of the moderns or later scholars (muto'okhkhirCn). In works of the 6 t h 7 1 h i 12th- 13th centuries, t h e contemporaries of t h e twelve Imams were considered as the 'ancients' and those who came after this e r a (i.e from 2601874 onwards) a s the 'moderns'.

1 expression 'ancients' i s applied to Shaykh al-Ti'ifa (

A t times, the

and his predecessors3

and the expression 'moderns' given to his successors.'

Sometimes, how

e v e r , the expression 'moderns' 1s used by writers to mean scholars contemporary with themselves.

In later sourccs the term 'ancients' means

thosc who llved before al-Mubaqqiq or a1-'Allima, and the term 'moderns' refers to those who lived after them.

In t h e sources of the 13thll9th

I century, t h c expression muto'akhkhiru

/

the moderns)

IS

'I-muto'okhkhirTn

(the moderns 01

used to mean, in earller works, thosc who came after

This division is other than that of traditionists in which the S h i ' i traditionists have been divided into ten sections (Jobaqo). The bases and criteria for these two divisions are quite different a s well. (See A B , 111, p . 137, quoting Basan al-$adr in his Bughyot ol-wu'ot 7 'j JoboqZt mosho'ikh 01-ij?ilot). 'Abd 81-Jalil al-Qazwini , p . 209; Mubaqqiq, Mu'tobor, p . 7. Shaykh al-'rz'ifa himself i s considered to be one of 'the ancients' in Shahid 11, Rawda, 11, p . 73.

'

See for instance Mubaqqiq. Nukol, p.438; Yabyz b . Sa'id, Nuzho, p . 6. 1bn Idris, p . 265; Uurr al-'Amili, Amai, 11, p . 5.

AN INTRODUCTION TO

24

THE PERIODS OF SHT'T LAW

S H T ' ~ LAW

e s also explained when faced by questions from their followers that the

al-Shahid a l - ~ w w a l ' and in later works those who came a f t e r Sahib al-Madirik. This division does not adequately reflect t h e development of the law, What

which can more exactly be defined by a division into eight periods.

25

follows is a brief description of these periods, together with a mention of t h e most eminent scholars4 of each pcriod and their main legal works. 1. THE PERIOD OF THE PRESENCE OF THE i h l l i j ~ s

rect replies to their questions couid be graspcd and derived froin general mic legal principles.'

On some occasions, the lmams themselves fol-

ed what they advised as the correct method of reasoning and t h u s ructed their followers on the proper procedure for inference of legal The period of the presence of t h e I m a m s i s quite distinct from the ing periods of S h i ' i history in respect to the variety of koiiim

It is generally believed that S h i ' i law was undeveloped in this period which began with the Prophet and ended in 2601874. This is based on the

ogical doctrines held by S h i ' i scholars. Many of the Imams' companwere eminent kaliim theologians3 who held significant opinions on

assumption that since the Imams were present and accessible, there was no

ogical subjects, some of which have been quoted in the general koliim

great urge to develop t h e practice of independent judgment and that law was limited to the transmission of traditions. This idea is not c0rrCCt.

s , among them:

In order to have a better grasp of t h e situation, the circuinstances of

r y ) , and al-Bazanti and Fa61 b . Shadhin (of the 3rdl9th c e n t u r y ) ? other kaiiim SChOols of the time had followers among S h i ' i thologians

Shi'ism at t h e time have to be examined. (1) It can be clearly seen from religious traditions that S h i ' i Imams had persistently urged their followers to reason and use their minds.

In the

case of discussions on Koliirn theology they praised and encouraged S h i ' i In the case of legal problems, the 1mZms theologians of their times. stated explicitly that their own duties lay in explaining general ruies and principles; whereas inferences in details and minor precepts for actual cases were left to the learned followers of the ImZms.'

Mudarris, 111, p . 439. t h Rae? al-Din al-Qazwini's classification of t h e S h i ' i scholars up to the mid-10thllGth century into seven genreations. See his TiirTkh-i rnoshFhTr-7 imiimiyyo. By these scholars are meant those whose legal opinions have been considered and quoted in the sources of fiqh . In these sources, the views of different S h i ' i jurists and even sometimes of Sunni ones a r e usually quoted before examining each case. Obviously, only t h e views of those scholars who influenced the development of law, were quoted and taken note of. The names of these scholars and their famous reference works have been chronologically listed in t h e preface of Moqiibis oi-onwiir by a l - ~ a v i m i ( p p . 4-19). In t h e S h i ' i sources of law, there are special abbreviations for t h e names of t h e scholars and the legal sources, a s well a s some particular terms; many of these a r e explained in al-KhwinsZri's Rowp'zt, 11, p p . 114-15, and in t h e preface of al-KZgimils Moqiibis, p p . 19-22.

compare ~ i

'

'

See Kashshi, p p . 268, 278, 484-6, 489-90, 538, 542; ~ u l a y n i ,I , p p . 169-74; MuEd, TojbTb a/-i'tiqiid, p p . 171-2; ~ u h p a ' i ,VI, p p . 223-30, 293-307. "AiaynF ilqii' 01-uzZl iloykum wo 'oloykum a/-1afrT" (we must give Bazanti, p . 477; you the principles and you have to derive branches): Faye, al-uoqq 01-mubTn, p . 7; B u r r alb'lijmili, XVIII, p . 41.

'

e early centuries of Islam. ifferences of opnions on kaiiim theological subjects resulted in the gence of a variety of tendencies and groups among the companions of Many mims, causing intensive debates and arguments among then. e most prominent companions of the Imams had their own separate

The Imams some-

Khalkhali, 111, p . 174. 3

IIishim b . al-Uakam, HishZm b . Salim, Zurara b .

, Mu'min al-Tiq, Yiinus b . 'Abd al-Rabman (all of t h e 2ndl8th

ee for instance Kulayni, 111, p . 33; V , p . 357; Shaykh, TohdhTb, 3; VII, p . 297; idem, lstib$iir, I , pp.77-8; VII, p.297; 111, p . r r al-'Amili, I , p.327; Jiimi' obtd7th a/-ShT'o, 1, p p . 116-18. for instance Kulayni , 111, p p . 83-8; 542, 546, 547-8.

B u r r al-'Amili, 11, p p .

ee Iqbal, p p . 75-84. for instance $aduq, TowbTd, pp. 97-104; Mufid, FugGl, pp. 119-

, Awc'il a/-mOq6iiit, p . 116, and the whole text for the opinions of tis;

Kashshi, p p . 268, 275, 284-5, 490, 540-4; ~ u h p i ' i ,V I , al-Din al- Qazwini, QiyFfa, p p . 180-1; Majlisi 11, 111, , 300, 303, 305; Bihbahani, ToClTqFt,p . 8; ~ b i 'i ~ l i p, p . 45, a ~ i m i Kashf 01-qin~?', p p . 198-200; ~ a m a q i n,i TanqTb, the intron , p p . 208-9. See also $afZ'i, p p . 36-68. Asad Allah al-Kivimi, a s $%bib al-Maqabis ( d . 123411818-19) collected the different views mpanions of Imams from early sources in a book entitled 01(see his Kashf 01-qinii', p . 71).

6:

MuEd, Sorawiyyo, p . 2 2 1 ; idem, A wii'ii 01-moqiiliit, p . 77; ibis 0 l ' ~ m o lbi-okhbiir 01-iibiid, fol. 142b; Najishi, p . 289; , 'Udda, p p . 54-5; idem, Fihrist, p . 190; Ibn Shahrashfib, a P . 126; Q u h p a ' i , V, p . 177; Mubarnmad al-Ardabili, 11, p . 234; 11, 111, p . 304; Futiini, p . 4 . p . 100; a/-qinF' K a s,hps p h .i , 11-84. p p . 279-80; $aduq, 307: K aTawbTd, ~ i m i ,Koshf

Majlisi 11, 111,

26

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

THE PERIODS OF S H T ' ~LAW

27

groups of followers1 who sometimes branded each other a s 'infidel'

itionists of their town were hostile to them'.

(kiifir)' and many books were produced on these disputations and con-

he S h i ' i books on rijiii (biographies of the narrators of Tradition),

It i s interesting to note t h a t , sometimes, members of one

cially that of al-Kashshi, are full of reports on different theological

frontations.

encies and opinions found amongst S h i ' i s of the f i r s t centuries of

tendency or group would disagree even with their 'leader' on most aspects of ideological principles." On the other h a n d , many S h i ' i s who gathered around the Imams restricted themselves to the transmission of traditions and refrained from theological debates.

,

The works display the impact of intensive arguments and contro-

ies, a s well a s t h e impact of the support given by the Imams to the logians and their concerns f o r t h e prosperity and productivity of

They did not look favourably upon

The theologians who werc appreciated and favoured t h e S h i ' i theologians. by the Imams, strongly resented the reproaches directed against them by

'i thought. In his reply to the followers of Yiinus b . 'Abd al-Rabmin,

t h e traditionists, and the Imams consoled the accused6 by saying that they

ms, Imam 'Ali al-Ria2 would tell them:

were considered to be 'infidels' by t h e r e s t of the followers of ihe

should tolerate and act moderately towards their adversaries since t h e latters' capacity for understanding subtle points and minute nuances was extremely limited.

theologians,

ost S h i ' i jurists during t h e time of the Imams were among these o ogians, a s will be mentioned presently.

Some of the traditionists of Qum, too, squabbled with

' fabricated traditions

Certain tendencies could be found in the S h i ' i community of the

in condemnation of the latter and a t i r i

uted them to the authority of the Imams,

and wrote books in this vein.

lo

On the other h a n d , t h e Imams recommended their followers to refer to theologians and rcad their books.

They even encouraged the people of

Qum to honour and respect S h i ' i theologians 'in spite of the fact that the

'I see you moving in the path

#

a

period of the presence of the Imams whlch were opposed lo the tradlllonally predominant doctnne

concerning the nature of the Imams. Some of companions of t h e Imams did not accept that the Imams possessed

ne qualities such a s infallibility and impeccability ('igma) but believed they were pious learned men ('ulamii' abriir), who had merely a arly authority.

Durust b.Abi MangGr, p . 161. See Kulayni, VII, p . 285; Kashshi, p p . 279-80. 498-9; 'iimili, VI, p . 385.

B u r r al-

For instance Hisham b . al-Hakam's treatise in refutation to Mu'min al-Taq ( N a j i s h i , p . 338); Rislila f l m a ' n i i H i s h h wa YEnus by 'Ali b . IbrZhim b . Hishim al-Qummi ( i b i d . , p . 197); Risiilo fi 'I-radd 'alii 'A17 b . IbriihTm b. Hiishim fi mo'nii Hishiim wa YEnus by Sa'd b . 'Abd Allah al-Ash'ari ( i b i d . , p . 134). See for example Shaykh, Fihrist, p . 132, the biography of Abu J a ' f a r al-Sakkik. See Kashshi, e . g . p p . 279, 487-8, 496, 498-9. Sce also $adGq, TowbTd, p p . 458-60; Ibn TawGs, Kashf 01-mabajja, p p . 18-19; B u r r al-'Amili, XI, p p . 457-9. "ee '

'

This view was supported by some of the S h i ' i

ogians of later periods, amongst them Abu J a ' f a r Mubarnmad b . Qiba 5 5 , a S h i ' i scholar and theologian of the 4thilOth c e n t u r y , who was ding figure in the S h i ' i community of his time,' and whose views espected and r e f e r r e d to by later S h i ' i scholars.

He supported a that the Imams were merely pious scholars, who had a comprehenowledge of the Q u r ' a n and Tradition.

He also refuted the idea that

ams had knowledge of the unperceivable ( 'ilm 01-ghayb) .

Yet, in f these opinions, his doctrinal stand was appreciated by later S h i ' i s.'

At least some of the traditiouists of Qum, who were considered

a s h s h i , p . 489.

Kashshi , p p . 498-9. I b i d . , p . 488.

Ibid., p . 489, also p p . 483, 506; Mubammad al-Ardabili, I , p . 459, 11, p . 357; Abii 'Ali, p . 28. Kashshi , p . 497. For examples of those traditions see p p . 491-6, 540-4; R a r q i , Rljiil, p . 35; Bazanti, p . 478. l o

For example K . Mathiilib Hishiim wo YEnus by Sa'd b . 'Abd Allah al-Ash'ari ( N a j i s h i , p . 134) and K . a/-Ta'n 'a15 YCinus by Ya'qub b . Yazid b . UammXd al-KZtib al-Anbiri al-Sulami al-Qummi (ibid. , p . 350). Kashshi,

p p . 483-5, 506; NajZshi, p p . 346-8.

e $adiiq, Kh~$iil,p . 354; m, 111, p p . 219-20.

~ u r al-'Zmili, r X I , p p . 429-30;

Babr

'Allama, Khuliiga, p . 143. i d . , p . 200. Some other opinions of this scholar, which are differm S h i ' i traditional and popular views, are quoted in the works of if al-Murtadi (see a s an example his 01-ShiiF, p . 100). y k h , Fihrist, p . 132; Ibn Shahrashub, Mo'iilim, p . 85; 'Allama,

, p . 143. All stating that Ibn Qiba was gabTI, 01-madhhab o r basan

AN INTRODUCTION TO S ~ f ' fLAW

28

THE PERIODS OF SHf'T LAW g h t , those cases of dispute ought to have been taken to the

as the backbone of the S h i ' i school, also held similar opinions with regard to the Imims.

Bms for their judgment, a practice usually followed by most faithful

It seems that the Nawbakhtis, too, thought likewise to some

extent. Some of the companions of the Imims even believed that the Imams, just

) As mentioned already, the inference of legal precepts in S h i ' i law is ndamentally based on logical analysis and reasoning within the framework

like the jurists of those times, practised independent judgment ( r a ' y I 3 or analogical reasoning ( q i y i i s ) . the traditionists of Qum.

'

~ u r ' i i n i ctexts and Tradition.

This position was also accepted by some of

Abii Mubarnmad Layth b . al-Bakhtari al-Muradi ,

8

Rational argument is accepted on the

basis of Aristotelian deduct~on,whlch brlngs certainty according to the

known as Abii Basis, one of the most competent scholars among the com-

nciples of that logical system. The kind of analogical reasoning which

panions of Imim Ja'far al-gidiq6 who, according to many narratives was

entitled qiyiis in Islamic law was rejected by the Shi'a from the time it

praised by the Imams7 and was one of the four elite of the S h i ' i religion, a

me into Islamic law, in the 2ndl8th century,

did not accept the legal opinions of the seventh Imam, MZsi al-Kazim, and

obable cause for a precept, not to the certain one.

thought that the latter had not yet acquired an adequate knowledge of

which the real cause of a precept is found a r e , a s mentioned before,

law.

A number of other companions of the Imims are said to have held

similar views.

Some cases of qlyiis

cepted in S h i ' i law. In the first centuries, the traditionists who were opposed to any kind

lo

On this basis, some of the companions of the I~narnsopenly disagreed with them in scientific questions,"

because it leads only to a

and sometimes they even argued with

tional argument held that this mode of arriving at categorical judg-

s amounted to qiyiis and was therefore unlawful.

Some later scholars

them over points of disagreementl2 or asked them to present the reason for the positions they held in legal question^.'^ Such controversies bet-

d it permissible q i y i i s , ' while in fact this mode of analysis bears no

ween the companions of the Imims sometimes culminated in serious quarrels

ality of the Shi'a of the first centuries, all kinds of rational argument

breaking up friendships permanently, " while, according to customary

ection with the Sunni concept of q i y i i s . were considered a klnd of q l y i i s .

Thls was perhaps caused by some out

or terminological similarities. Mufid, To$bTb 0 1 - ! ' l i q i i d , pp. 218-19. See their views in similar cases in al-Mufld's A w o ' i l a/-moqiiliit , for example pp. 78, 79, 80, 84. Babr al-' UlZm, 111, p . 220. Also gaffar, B o ~ i i ' i r ,p. 301; Mufld, S o r o w i y y o , p . 2 2 4 ; idem, l k h t i $ i i $ , p . 2 7 4 ; Jiimi' o b c f l t h 01-ShT'o, I , p . 273.

'

Kashshi, p. 238; T u s t a r i , Qiimiis 01-rijiil, VII, p . 451. Kashshi , pp. 136-7, 170; QuhpZ'i , V , p . 83; Mubammad alArdabili, 11, p . 34. a Kashshi , pp. 238-9. The others are Zuriira b . A'yan, Muhammad b . Muslim and Burayd b . Mu'awiya al-'Ijli. Ibid., p. 173; Q u h p i ' i , V , pp. 84-5. Kashshi, pp. 147, 148, 158. K i ~ i m i ,pp. 71-2. l2

also applicable to any other mode of rational analysis. hese traditions also forbid practising independent judgment, which is d r a ' y in legal terminology.

In the legal usage of the early periods,

erm i j t i h i i d was used7 in the sense of personal judgments including r o ' y . 8

See for instance Kulayni , 111, p. 30; gadiiq, FoqTh, I , pp. 56-7; idem, ' I l o l , I , pp. 264-5; Shaykh, TahdhTb, I , pp. 61-2; idem, I s t i b g i i r , I , pp. 62-3; Burr al-'Amili, 1, p. 291, 11, p. 980. See Kulayni, I , pp. 409-11;

; AbZ Mangiir al-Tabrisi, 11, p . 284.

Ibn Bazm, I b k t m , VII, p . 177; idem, Mulokhkhos i b t i i l a o i r o ' y wo '1Karaki , TorTq i s t i n b i i t 01-obkiim, p. 17. Because of the same interation, later Akhbiris accused Ugiilis of following the practice of qiyiis heir legal judgments. See for instance Busayn al-Karaki, chapter 8. A/-Masii'il a / - M u h a n n i i ' i y y o , fol. 92a; Shahid 11, Rowp'o, 111, p. 65. fil ' I - q i y i i s , fol. 85a.

also Bihbahini , TobqTq

AI-Mosii'il 01-Muhonnii'iyyo, fol. 92a; Miqdid, TonqTb, fol. 3a; ahani, TobqTq f i ' I - q i y i i s , fol. 85b.

See Kashshi, p . 189; Mubaqqiq, M o ' i i r i j , p . 127.

Ibid., p . 72.

l 3

l4

Then, traditionists believed that the

ctions found in S h i ' i Tradition which forbade the practice of q i y z s

KZv,imi, p . 83. ~ u f i d ,To$bTI;I 0 1 - i ' t i q i i d , p. 219.

"

It seems that in the religious

NZri, I , p . 555.

See as examples Abu 'I-Ijusayn al-Bagri, pp. 689, 722, 761-6; Qadi i n , l k h t i l i i f u $ i l 01-Modhiihib, pp. 203-28; Mufid, F u $ C l , p . 68; , D h o r T ' a , pp. 672-3. ee further the article i d j t i h c d in E l , 111, p. 1026.

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

30

some chapters of f i q h such a s p r a y e r , alms t a x , marriage and inheritance,' u r i r a b . Aryan al-Kiifi, Jam3 b . D a r r i j , the most learned companion of

This explains why S h i ' i s refrained from t h e use of the term i j t i h i i d until the 6thIl2th century.

I

It also explains the objections raised in S h i ' i

theological works toward i j t i h o d ,

sixth Imim, Ja'far al-Sidiq,

and the refutation of its legitimacy in

ist of the 2ndl8th c e n t u r y b and a number of other famous companions,

'Abd Allih b .

works written by S h i ' i theologians like the Nawbakhtis,

o were accused of and blamed for their practice of q i y i i s .

'Abd al-Rabman al-Zubayri' and Abu '1-QZsim 'Ali b . Akjmad al-Kiifi. All these were against i j t i h i i d in the above sense.

'Abd Allah b . Bukayr, a great S h i ' i

tain that the above were supporters of the analytical mode of reasoning

Otherwise i j t i h i i d , a s a

Their judgments, many of which

rational mode of reasoning, was quite an acceptable phenomenon among

d not of the Sunni concept of q i y i i s .

many S h i ' i s from the 2ndl8th century onwards, and from late 4thll0th

ve been collected by Asad Allah al-Kizimi

confirm this point.

It i s evident from what has been said in the five sections above that in

century it emerged a s the only method by which legal subjects were approached.

It is almost

e period of the presence of the Imams, two legal tendencies existed in

these analytical and rational methods of S h i ' i scholars of

One of them adhered to an analytical, rational ap-

the early centuries of Islam appeared to amount to r a ' y and q i y i i s in the

e S h i ' i cotnmunity.

eyes of strict traditionists who objected to the rational analytical modes of

oach toward legal problems within the framework of t h e general

reasoning in law.

'

inciples of the Qur'Zn and Tradition.

( 5 ) In some traditions, it is reported that some companions of the Imams practised q i y i i s on occasions when instructions over a particular problem were not explicitly and clearly givenin the Q u r ' i n and Tradition, that some of them were practising the method of r o ' y .

and

Some of the most

8

o/-Tdiih ( d . 2601873-4) whose opinions on some legal subjects such a s

divorce and inheritance, and on some questions of u $ Z / 01-fiqh are quoted in the s o u r c e s , 1 0 Yiinus b . 'Abd al-Rakjman, whose opinions are cited in

ntial derivation of law. Many S h i ' i jurists of this period are mentioned in thc S h i ' i works on m 01-riji;19 and other sources.1° The names of some of thein are also

heir works in Ibn al-Nadim's K . a / - F i h r i s t . 161-2, 168; $adiiq, FoqTh, IV, p . 197; i b i d . , Mufid, F u g Z l , p p . 123-4; Murtapa, l n t i $ 5 r , 286; Ibn Shahrishiib, M a t h t l i b , fois. 233b-234a; Shahid I , D u r E s , 263; idem, QawC'id, p . 316; Najafi, XVI, p . 90.

q n i ' , p p . 170, 175-6;

See Kulayni, VII, p p . 83-4, 115-16, 121-5; $adiiq, M u q n i ' , p . 175; r t a p i , I n t i s Z i r , p p . 77-8; 'AIlima, M u k h t a l a f , 1, p . 136; Shahicl I , r i i s , p . 57; idem, Q o w i i ' i d , p.325; 'abd Allih al-Tiini, £01. 97. Kashshi, p . 156. See for some of his legal views Kulayni, VII, 97, 100-1.

See Mukjammad BZqir al-gads, D u r G s , I , p p . 55-64. See for instance Mufid, A w i i ' i i 01-moqiiiiit, p . 127; idem, F u g i i l , p p . 66-9. Also Nu'miini , TofsTr, pp. 95-6; Murtaai, D h o r T ' a , p p . 792-5; idem, / n t i $ i i r , p . 98. q q b i l , p p . 94, 117, 118, 120.

Kashshi, p . 375. Some of his legal opinions are quoted in the urces, e . g . Kulayni, VI, p . 141, VII, p . 256; Shaykh, TohdhTb, X , 137; idem, / s t i b $ C r , IV, p . 253. Kashshi, p . 345.

N a j i s h i , p . 163. I b i d . , p . 203. This i s according to the predominant Ugiili school of S h i ' i law. The Akhbiris rejected the validity of all kinds of rational argument in law, a s noted before. Books such a s 01-Rodd ' a l i i man r o d d Cthiir a/-RosCl wo i'tomad 'a15 n o t i i ' i j o l - ' u q i l by Hilil b . Ibrihim b . Abi '1-Fat12 al-Madani ( N a j i s h i , p . 344) are written with the same understanding. 7'

Durust b . Abi Mangiir, p . 165; B a r q i , Muhiisin, I , p p . 212-15; IJimyari, p . 157; Kashshi, p . 239; Mufid, l k h t i $ i i $ , p . 275; IJurr al'Amili, XVIII, p p . 33, 38; Niiri, 111, p p . 176-7; Jiimi- ohOd7th a/-ShT'a, I , p p . 274-6. B a r q i , MahZisin, I , pp. 212-15;

The other was a traditionalist

approach whlch relled on transmitting traditions wlthout any f u r t h e r infer

knowledgeable companions of the Imams whose opinions and judgments are cited in legal sources, have been accused of following the practice of qiyZis. Among them are Fa(i1 b . Shadhiln al-Naysibiiri, author of

'

K a s h s h i , p p . 156-7.

See Kulayni, VI, p p . 93-6, VII, p p . 88-90, 95-6, 98-9, 105-8, 116-18,

gadiiq, FoqTh, IV, p . 197; Murtapa, l b f i i i a/-'omoi b i - o k h b i i r oli i d , Sol. 142b; Futiini, p . 4 4 ; Bahr al-'Ulum, 111, p p . 215-19; i a i m i , p . 83. See also Shaykh, ' U d d o , p . 51. See his Kashf ~ l - ~ i n o p' p, . 82-3, 198, 244 a s some examples.

'

See K a s h s h i , p . 156. See also K h u m a ~ n i ,Risiila f i ' I - i j t i h i i d wo ' 1 - l o q r d , p p . 125-8. For instance Kashshi, p p . 238, 375, 556, also p . 484;

Shaykh,

r i s i , p . 52; Ibn Diwiid, p . 272.

A s an example Mufid, A / - R a d d '015 aghiib a o l ' a d o d , p . i28; Shaykh,

'

d h 7 b , VIII, p . 97.

See also Elasan al-$adr, pp. 298-302.

See Ibn al-Nadim, p p . 275-9.

32

THE PERIODS OF SHT'T LAW

AN INTRODUCTION TO S H ~ ' ?LAW

the opinions of the jurists of this period a r e quoted i n the legal works of

ct matter, and sometimes with the omission of the chain of transmitters

THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE OCCULTATION

In the period of the 'Minor Occultation' (2601874-3291941) and until the

niid).

latter part of the 4thIlOth century, three different legal schools existed )

in the S h i ' i community.

)

I.

The legal works of this group of

aditionists were collections of traditions compiled according to their sub-

later periods. 2.

hose mentioned in the traditions.

33

The School of the traditionists (Ah/ a/-baflth)

of the Presence, and likewise devoted its efforts to collecting, recording The adherents of this

school, like their predecessors in the time of the Imams, were not sympathetic to rational arguments in religious matters, and condemned even those efforts which applied rational argument toreligious questions in order to strengthen the S h i ' i point of view.

Mul2ammad b . Ya'qiib al-Kulayni Mubarnmad b . al-Uasan b . Ahmad b . al-WaIid ( d . 3431954-5) Muhammad b . 'Ali b . Babawayh al-Qummi , al-Sadiiq

11 into this group.

This was a continuation of the conservative legal tendency of the period and preserving the traditions from the Imams.

Traditionists such a s :

This school resembled in its out-

look the Sunni school of traditionists, where Armad b . uanbal "and

his

f o l l o w e r s ~ e j e c t e dkaliim even when used in defence of Islam. In their legal approach, there were two groups of traditionists who

T h e l e g a l choices4 of al-Kulayni and al-SadGq

ve been quoted in the legal sources. ) The other group followed traditions without compromise and completely nored the 'principles of u$G/ a/-fiqh and the rules by which a tradition uld be examined. They completely ignored the procedures of debate, asoning and modes of discourse .'6

The extreme tendencies of these

h i ' i traditionists were comparable to the tendency of the Vashwiyya in unnism which was the most extreme and inflexible Sunni traditionist However, in the works of S h i ' i theologians of the 4th-6thI hool. 0th-12th centuries, lerms such a s bashwiyya8 and muqo/lidag together ~ akhbiirisyol' were applied to all t h the terms a$biib o l - b ~ d T t h ' and

differed among themselves: ( a ) Those who only accepted traditions which were related by transmitters whose reliability had been thoroughly examined. Their knowledge of the traditions dealing with legal questions was extensive.

They recognized

and implemented those principles of u$G/ a/-fiqh which were contained in the traditions of the Imams.

'

Like Sunni traditionists,

' however,

they

were chary of writing about legal subjects with words other than exactly See for instance the introduction to al-Mubaqqiq's a/-Mu'tabar, p . 7 , in which he says that he will quote the views of five jurists of that period. Also 6ZQib al-MadZrik's Hidiiyat a/-fiilibin, £01. 4b. Also the Preface to al-Kazimi's Maqiibis a/-anwzr, p . 23, in which six such scholars are mentioned. See also Shaykh, TahdhTb, VIII, p . 97. SadUq, ICtiqiidiit, p . 74. 70; Shaykh, Ghayba, p . 3.

'

See also Mufid, Ta$bTb a/-i'tiqcd, p p . 169-

Ihn al-Jawzi, Moniiqib Abmad, p . 205. Ibn QudZma, T o b r h a/-naror fikutub ah/ a/-kaliim, p . 1 7 .

Later traditionists followed their predecessors in this case. Al-J.3urr alk'hnili, the renowned Akhbzri scholar of the late I l t h . 17th c e n t u r y , wrote a treatise against studying 'ilm a/-kaliim CAB, XXIV, p . 431). Shaykh, 'Udda, p . 248; Kizimi, Kashf a/-qinz', p p . 207-14; 'Abd Allah al-Tiini , p . 97; Amin al-AstarZbZdi , Jawiib rnasz'il a/-Shoykh Uusoyn, fol. 1Olb. See 'Abd al-Majid, p p . 288-9.

p . 2 ; Amin al-Astarabzdi, op. c i t . , fol. 101b. K. 01-MuqniC s y $adGq is an example of this sort of 'legal works'. e especially p . 2 of this book. "haykh, Fihrist, pp. 135, 156, 157; T u s t a r i , Sahw a/-Nab?, p . 9. e also A n g i r i , Rosii'il, p . 87.

'

Both al-Kulayni and al-SadUq in the introduction to their two main o r k s , viz. K . a/-KiifTand Man 1; yobQ'uruh a/-faq?h respectively, acknowdged the authenticity of what they transmilted in those books. Thus in e cases of conflict between traditions, the one they accepted and narted in their works, demonstrates their viewpoints in each specific case. Muraqqiq, Mu'tobar, p . 7; SZpib al-Madirik, Hidiiyot a/-JalibTn , 1. 46; K a ~ i m i ,Maqiibis, p . 23.

'

Shaykh, 'Udda, p . 248; Kazimi, Kashf 01-qinii', p . 202. See Mufid, lf$iib, p . 77; idem, A wii'il a/-maqii/zt, p . 65; Murtaoi 1-Razi, p . 46. Mufid, Ukbariyya, fol. 59a; idem, A wii'ii a/-rnaqiiliit, p . 86; idcm, wiib ah/ 01-Uii'ir, p.114; 'abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, p p . 3 , 235, 272, 285, 9, see also Mubaqqiq, Mu'tabar, p . 6; FayQ, a/-U$ii/ 01-a$?la, p.61. MuEd, Jawiib ah/ a/-Uii'ir, p . 112; Shaykh, 'Udda, p . 54. and the like ( o ~ b i i ba/-okhbiir, ah1 a/-ba&th, ah1 a/-akhbiir etc. 1. See f i d , a/-Rodd 'a15 albiib a/-'odad,p. 124; idem, A wii'il ol-maqiiliit, p p . -1, 87, 88, 89, 92, 101, 108, 118; idem, Ta$bTb 01-i'tiqiid, p p . 186, 2; idem, Sarowiyya, p p . 222, 223; Murtaaa, Tobbiiniyyiit, fol. 2; idem, -Mow$i/iyya 01-thiiiitho, fol. 40a; idem, Tariibuiusiyyiit, fol. 1 1 0 ; idcm, Radd 'a15 o$biib aai'adad, fol. 130b; Shaykh, 'Udda, p . 248; idem, aybo, p . 3 ; Ibn Idris, p p . 5, 249. See also Shaykh, MabsiiJ, I , p . 2. Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, P O . , 3, 236, 2 7 2 , 282, 285, 458, 529, 568-9;

THE PERIODS OF

A N INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~LAW

34

escribed and criticized in the works of al-Mufid and al-MurtapZ.

the adherents of the traditionist tendency, even the former group. In the sources of ' i l m a / - r i j i i l the names of some jurists of this branch of the traditionists have been recorded, such as Abu '1-IJusayn al-Nashi', 'Ali b . 'Abd Allah b .

WugayI

( d . 3661976-7) who is said to have dis-

cussed law in the same way as oh1 al-&7hir.

'

S H T ' ~ LAW

Flowever, due to the school's

35

'

11. 'Qadimayn' While the traditionist school was predominant in S h i ' i academic circles the second half of the 3rdl9th and a greater part of the 4thllOth

refusal and failure to apply reason and rationality and also due to thc

turies, two important figures emerged among S h i ' i scholars, each of om had his own particular approach to law. Both practised rational

absence of any ideas and original thought of their own, the decisions of

soning in legal thought.

its adherents2 did not gain any legal validity and were totally ignored in the sources. 9

s noted, their judgments were nothing but references to

traditions.

Hence, their methods can be considered as a

tinuntion of the exercise of analytical and rational thought in law which isted in the period of the presence of the Imams. They are rcgarded2 constituting the first school of S h i ' i deductivc law, based not merely

The traditionist school which, in the period of the Presence, was one

collections of traditions but on speculative analysis and rational

of the two prevailing tendencies of S h i ' i scholarly circles, gradually gained control over the whole S h i ' i intellectual community, and totally

Although these two personalities represented two differcnt legal percep-

suppressed the rational theological and legal tendencies which were based

n s and approaches, in many cases, they arrived at the same conclusiolls

on reasoning. The school of Qum, which in those days was the most prom-

d issued similar opinions on legal problems.

inent religious centre of the S h i ' i s , was completely dominated by this

erefore, quoted jointly in the sources as the opinion 01 the Qadimayn,

current and the Qummi scholars were all traditionists4 objecting to any

e Two Ancient (scholars).

kind of reasoning and analytical thought in the S h i e i community.

The

1)

Their legal judgments a r c ,

They are:

Ibn Abi 'Aqil, Abii Mubarnmad wasan b . 'Ali b . Ahi 'AqZ al-

overwhelming majority of S h i ' i jurists during this period and up to the

'UminT al-Hadhdhi', of the first half of the 4thllOth century.'

late 4thllOth century were adherents of this school of thought.'

He is the author of a legal work entitled 01-Mulomossik bi-bob1

As will be explained later, in the last decades of the 4thllOth and early

01-Rosijl, which was onc of the most renowned legal sources during

5 t h l l l t h centuries, the school was swept away by the teaching of al-Shaykh al-Mufid and his disciple al-Sharif al-Rlurtada.

Although a small number of

its adherents survived, here and there, in later periods6 none of them gained prominence or influenced S h i ' i thought. The methodology and beliefs of the adherents of this school have been

'AllZma, NihCyat 01-wuscl, fol. 200b. See also Shahrastani, pp. 169, 178; Sharif al-JurjZni , p. 629; Fakhr al-Razi , MobsGI (quoted in K i ~ i m ,i p. 203). Shaykh, F i h r i s t , p . 89. It should be noted here that there were diffcrences of opinions among the adherents of this tranch of traditionists too, as the traditions of the Imams were sometimes contradictory, and each of those jurists was deciding legal problems according to those traditions he had received. Murtaai, 01-Rodd ' o l a asbFib 01-'odad, fol. 130b; idem, T a b b i i n i y y z t , fol. 2 ; idem, ol-Mow$i/iyya 01-thiilitha, fol. 40a. lbt??l 01-'omol b i - o k h b i i r a/-Cbiid, 101. 142b; Futiini, p . 4 . "urta&i, See also Shaykh, F i h r i s l , p . 157.

Shaykh, ' U d d o , p . 248;

'Allima, Nihiiyat 01-wu$G/, fol. 200b. 'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini , p. 568.

Ti1

the 4th and 5thllOth and 11th centuries. )

Ibn al-Junayd, Ahii 'Ali Muhammad b . Abmad b . al-Junayd al-KStib al-Iskafi , of the middle of the 4thllOth century.

IIe is

-

See Mufid, S o r o w i y y a , p p . 222, 223; idem, TagbTb a / - i ' t i q z d , p.222; em, ' U k b o r i y y o , fol. 59a; idem, JowZib oh1 0 1 - v o ' i r , pp. 112, 116; idem, Rodd ' o l Z osbiib 01- ' o d o d , p. 24; Murtaoa, 01-Mawgiliyyo 01-thCIitho, 1.40a; idem, T o b b f i i y y z t , fol. 2 ; idem, a/-Rodd 'olC ogbzb 01-'odod, 1.130b: idem. IbtZI o l ' a r n a l bi-okhbCr aalZbiid, fol. 142b. See also haykh, C h o y b o , 6 . 3 ; idem, M o b s Z l , I , p . 2 ; idem, ' U d d a , pp. 54, 48; 'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, pp. 529, 568. See Babra12Uliim, 11, p. 218. This name was invented by Ibn Fahd al-JJilli ( d . 84111437-8) in early thll5th century. See his 01-Muhadhdhob 0 1 - b i i r i ' , fol. 3a. See also his -Muqtagar, fol. 2a. In a letter to Ja'far b . Mubarnmad b . Qiilawayh ( d . 3691979-801, Ibn i 'Aqil permitted him to narrate his works (NajZshi , p. 3 8 ) . NajZshi, p. 38; AB, X I X , p. 69. He was in Naysahfir in 3401951-2 and enjoyed the respect of its people ufid, $ @ h F n i y y a , p. 17). One of his works is a book of answers he ve to the questions of the Buyid Mu'izz al-Dawld, who died in 3561967 a j i s h i , p . 301) .

36

THE PERIODS OF

A N INTRODUCTION TO SI-17'7 LAW

SHT'T

31

LAW

the author of Tohdhrb 01-ShT'o 1;-obkk 01-shorTca and aI-Afin~007

val~dltyof okhbiir ool6tlifd a s a source of law' and because of t h l s , al-Mufid

fi 'I-fiqh a/-Mufiommofi.

~ relied, however, on rational ranged him among the t r a d i t i ~ n i s t s . He

Ibn Abi 'Aqil, who slightly preceded Ibn al-Junayd, was a koliim theologian. He may well be considered a precursor of the legal method of the kaliim theologians

analysis when it came to comprehending, inferring and extracting legal

of Baghdad who formed the third era in the development of S h i ' i law to

eral legal interpretation of each tradition through comparison with other

These scholars were, t h u s , nearly contemporaries.

'

be discussed later.

principles from the sources and contrary to the traditionists who looked at the literal meaning of tradition alone, h e appears to have aimed at a gensimilar traditions.

Like other kolrm theologians, he did not consider

later S h i ' i law, he appears to have tried to discover the rationale ('illa) As mentioned, this method which establishes general

traditions transmitted by a single o r a few transmitters (okhbiTr 01-CbLTd) a s valid.

In accordance with a commonly accepted practice in

of a precept.'

It is cvident from his judgments that his legal approach was

firmly based on general Qur'iinic principles and widely transmitted trad-

principles in legal matters without the need to rely on the specific texts in

itions.

traditions in.every case, was held to be a kind of qiycs in the early

the general validity of the Qur'inic principle and ignore the traditions,

centuries and was rejected by S h i ' i jurists in the same way that they rejected the Sunni concept of q i y a . Like the adherents of rational

In cases where there was a general principle in the Qur'iin to which an exception was made in traditions, Ibn Abi 'Aqil would maintain

view of the proximity of his time to that of the Presence, however, the

reasoning in the time of the Presence, among whom was Fadl b . ShZdhin, As a result, Ibn al-Junayd was accused of employing qiyZs5 and r a ' y .

uncertainty with regard to the reliability of many traditions affecting

the works of Ibn al-Junayd were abandoned,

later discussions was not yet felt to be a serious problem and there was

Ibn Abi 'AqTI.

less disagreement concerning the opinions of the Imams on fundamental

during the third and fourth stages of S h i ' i law,' in which legal thought

unless the latter had been universally and unquestionably accepted.

legal principles arising from contradictory traditions.

'

In

Because of this,

method also was appreciated by later scholars,

Thus, his legal opinions did not receive much attention

was affected to a great extent by the school of the traditionists. In defence of his methodology, Ibn al-Junayd wrote a number of books,

the traditions which Ibn Abi 'Aqil attributes to the Imims in his hook have comc to be accepted entirely by S h i ' i scholars after him.

in contrast to the works of

the titles of some of which indicate his method in law, notably Kashf a/-

His legal

tamwTh wa'l-ilbcs "alZ oghmiir a/-ShT'a

and his legal opinions are

iT omr a/-qiyZs and If-hZr mZ

sataroh oh1 01-'iniid mmn i 01-riwiiya 'an o'immat a/-'lira

quoted in most S h i ' i sources.

F omr a/-ijtihiid.'

Ibn al-Junayd was not held in such high esteem and his legal method was criticized by both his contemporaries and by later scholars. was a kolzm theologian and produced many works on theology.

IIe, too,

Among prominent S h i ' i theologians, Abii Mubammad gasan b . Miis2 al-Nawbakhti (early 4thilOth c e n t u r y ) also maintained the same opinion (see NajZshi , p . 50). It i s already well-known that mush disagreement existed among the Mu'tazili theologians of the time, too, about the validity of akhbiir 01-ZbZd (see 'Abd al-Majid, p . 94).

Among

these was one written In defence of Faal b . S h i d h i n , reasoning in law and theology.

a supporter of In lcgal matters, Ibn al-Junayd held the

Mufid, Sarawiyya, p . 223.

'

Babr alh'Uliim, 11, p . 218.

'

Najishi, p.38;

4

Shaykh, Fihrist, pp.64, 194; Ibn Diiwiid, p . 111.

T u s t a r i , QiimGs, 111, p . 198. For similar legal appoaches in Sunni school sce 'Ahd a l - ~ a j i d ,p p . 219-24, 236. "

See for example gZQib al-MadZrik, p . 219,

5

r Aliima, Mukhtolof, 11, pp.157, 167; Miqdid, TonqTfi, fol. 88b. also ' ~ b dnl-Majid, p p . 267-8 for silililar cases in Sunni law.

NajZshi, p . 38; Ibn Idris, p p . 99, 192, 397, 398 Najiishi, p p . 301-2; Shaykh, F i h r ~ s l ,p . 134. NajZshi, p . 302.

See

Basan al-$adr, p . 302. Babr al-'Uliim, 111, p . 214; T u s t a r i , QZmGs, XI, p . 94.

Mufid.. Siiahiin~vvo. D . 19. idem, Soraw~vya,u p . 222-3, Nalishi . < ,, . . p . 302. Shaykh, Fihrist, p . 134; 1bn ~hahr~shiib-,-Mo'ii/im, p. 87; 'Alliima, Khuliiso, p . 145; Ibn Diwiid, p . 292; YabyZ al-Babriini, p . 306; Amin al-Astaribidi , p . 30; uusayn al-Karaki , chapter eight; Babr al'Uliim, 111, p . 207; Abii 'Ali, p . 346. MuEd, Sarowiyyo, p . 223; Murtaaii, I n t i ~ i i r ,p . 238. Mufid, SZghiiniyya, p . 19; Shaykh, Fihrist, p . 134; Ibn Diwiid, p . 292. MuEd, SZghiiniyyo, p . 19; KZ?imi, p p . 291-8. Najishi, p . 301.

A N INTRODUCTION TO

38

SHT'T

LAW

He also justified his approach in his book: a/-Mosz'il a/-Mijriyya.

'

Al-Mufid, the prominent S h i ' i scholar at the beginning of the 5 t h l l l t h century, who praised Ibn al-Junayd's intelligence2 came to disagree seriously with his legal method, subjecting it to criticism in a number of his works, including his 01-MasZ'il ol-SZghiiniyyc~,~01-MasZ'ii oiS a r a v i i y y a ~ n din two special treatises, one entiled: NoqQ' risiilat a/-Junoyd7 i/F ahi Mijr,

a refutation of 1bn al-Junayd's al-MasC'ii a/-

Mijriyya, and another called 01-NaqQ' 'alZ ibn a/-Junayd j 7 ijtihzd a/-ra'y. Al-MuEd's students too have cited and rejected some of Ibn al-Junayd's legal opinions in their works.

'

Ibn al-Junayd's legal method which, on the one hand (and in contrast to al-Muf'id and his followers), accepted Chiid traditions as valid and considered them as the principal source of law, and, on the other, gave formal recognition to reason as the means through which precepts could be ascertained, was closer to the more developed S h i ' i legal methodological practices of later periods than to those of his time.

'

It is evidently

because of this similarity of methodology thattwo centuries after him, his legal opinions were quoted for the first time with a degree of revercnce, by Ibn I d r i s , the S h i ' i scholar of the late 6thl12th century.

From the

second half of the 7thl13th century onwards, when rational analysis pentrated more deeply into S h i ' i law, the works of this scholar received much praisc and admiration.

Al-'AIlAma regarded him a s one of the out-

standing experts of jurisprudence, ments in his own works.''

'"and cited many of his legal judg-

The jurists of the fifth stage, especially

al-Shahid al-Awwal, al-Fidil al-Miqdiid and Ibn Fahd, paid careful attention to Ibn al-Junayd's opinions, and narrated his views on many

legal problems.

and his analysis was exceptional among classical S h i ' i jurists. Ibn Abi 'Aqii and Ibn al-Junayd t h u s must be considered as the founde r s of S h i ' i systematic law, as distinct from the Tradition. > 111. The Intermediate School In this same period, there existed in S h i ' i centres of scholarship a group of jurists who, while holding the validity of many Zhiid traditions and while not offering an analytical systematic law comparable to that of the Qadimayn, followed the practice of ijtihiid, t h u s differentiating themselves from the conservative and narrow approach of the traditionists. In short, they held an intermediary position between the two tendencies described above. The school formulated its juridical opinions through the process of extracting specific precepts from the general principles implied in tradtions, or through selection or reconciliation when traditions were contraictory.

ollowers of this school.

The case of "adad' ( i . e . the argument as to

hether the number of days of the month of RarnadZn likc the days of ther months, conform to the laws of astronomy or have a fixed and nalterable measure) was such a case about which the scholars of this chool were in disagreement among themselves, and produced many treatses in defence of their own, or in refutation of the opposing views.' The most important scholars of this tendency, whose views arc somemes mentioned in the legal sources, are: 'Ali b . Bibawayh al-Qummi ( d . 3291904-1)

Idem, Szghiiniyya, pp. 18-19.

'

Opinions formed on this basis were not always uniform, and

his somctimes caused intense arguments on certain issues among the

Muf'id, Sarawiyya, p. 224.

'

Al-Shahid al-ThAni, one of the later scholars of this same

,tage says of Ibn al-Junayd that the sharpness of his grasp of problems,

)

Abu '1-Fad1 Muhammad b . Abmad al-sibiini al-Ju'fi, author of

Ihid., p p . 17-22.

01-Fiikhir (first half of the 4thllOth century)

Idem, Sarawiyyo, pp. 222-4.

)

Ja'far b . Mu4ammad b . Qiilawayh al-Qummi ( d . 3691979-80)

ibirl., p . 2 2 4 ;

)

Abmad b . Mubarnmad b . DAwGd b . 'Ali al-Qummi ( d . 3681978-9)

Najiishi, p . 312.

Najishi, p . 315.

See Murtadi, IntijCr, pp. 77-8, 80-1, 83, 217, 227, 237-43, 244, 246; idem, al-Mawgiliyya ai-thzniya, £01. 34a; Ibn alkBarriij, Shorh Jumai, pp. 244, 251. T u s t a r i , Qiimiis, XI, p. 94.

BaQr al-'UlCrn, 11, p. 218.

See Ibn Idris, p. 99. See 'AlIZma, UZh, pp. 88-9. AB, IV, p. 510, XX, p . 177.

Sec also Babr al-'Uliim, 111, pp. 205-6;

See 'Allima, KhuiC$o, p . 145; idem, TQ'Cb, p. 89.

See also Mufid, Sorawiyyo, p . 2 2 2 .

Muhaqqlq, Mu'tabar, p. 7; S;Ztpb al-hAadirik, H~dCyotol-lZ/ilib7nn, 01. 4b. h e e especially Ihn Tiiwiis, lqbiii, p . 6. p . 236-8.

Also Kiizimi, p . 139; A B , V ,

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

40

THE PERIODS OF SIlf'f LAW

3. THE RATIONALISTS

most outstanding of the Qunimiyyiin1land 'the head of the t r a d i t i o n i ~ t s ' , ~

As has been seen, the school of the traditionists gained control over the

I-Mufid

S h i ' i centres of learning from the early years of the period of Minor

iyya3and Jawiib ah1 01-Uii'ir.

the last decades of that century, however, the emergence of a new school

by al-Mufid,

icisms which gradually weakened, and finally reduced them to silence.

Diwiid b .

al-Mufid,

AbE 'Abd Alli Mubunmad b . Mubarnmad al-Nu'min al-

al-SadEq, Ja'far b . Muhammad b . Qiilawayh, Ahmad b . Mul?ammad b . 'Ali al-Qummi and Abu '1-gusayn 'Ali b . Wugayf al-NZshi','

and was accordingly, very well acquainted with the three legal schools of the 4thllOth century. In order to pave the way for the return of rational analysis in S h i ' i doctrine, he attacked and criticized the conservative approach of the traditionists in an attempt to break their position of dominance. he was to be successful.

In this,

One factor which was instrumental in his suc-

while some suggested that it was written by al-Sharif

ai-Mutada6 or someone else.

The founder of this school was the theologian and jurist al-Shaykh

b . Muhammad b . al-Junayd al-Iskifi , Muhammad b . 'Ali b . Bibawayh

The words he used in Jowiib ah1 a/- uii'ir

ere so harsh' that some scholars doubted if it had indeed been written

placed the traditionists under pressure and exposed them to severe crit-

Baghdidi Ibn al-Mu'allim ( d . 41311022). He had studied under Ahmad

criticized him harshly in some of his works, among them TogbTb

01-i'tiqiid, a commentary on al-$adEqrs a/-l'tiqiidiit, ol-Mosii'il ai-soro-

Occultation (2601874) until the second half of the 4thllOth century. In

al-MuEd,

41

a

It is clear, however, that this treatise is by

since much of its content is similar to statements in his other

works, notably in To$bTh a/-i'tiqcd, These harsh words, and al-Mufid's other crltlclsm of the oplnlons of the traditionikts,

l o reflect

his great concern about the latters' domination

over the S h i ' i intellectual community, and his determination to revive the rational approach in law and theology.

His pupil, al-Sharif al-Murtadi

also played an important part in weakening the school of traditionists.

In

many of his works, notahly Jabiibiit 01-masc'il ai-Mowgiliyya a/-thr7litho,

l2

lbtiil 01-'omol bi-akhbiir a/-6biid13 and 01-Radd 'a15 a ~ h i i b~ / - ' a d a dhe ~~ was very critical of the traditionists, and even accused all 'Qummiyyiin' of being religious deviationists,"

with the only exception of al-$adEq,

toward whom he adopted a more moderate approach.

cess was that the traditionists of Qum, who spearheaded that school,

The attacks by al-MuEd, al-Murtaai and other S h i ' i theologians in the

maintained certain special views with regard to the Imims, and considered the attribution of any supernatural thing to them as a mark of extremism (ghuluww) and religious deviation.

Shaykh, Fihrist, p. 157.

Some even considered as

Babrini , uadii'iq, I , p . 170.

an extremist (ghiilr) anyone who believed that the Prophet was immune to inadvertence (sohw).'

In this matter, most later S h i ' i Akhbiris as well

as some Ugiili scholars sided with these early traditionists.

These views

presumably were not popular among the common people who preferred to elevate the spiritual status of their Imams, and al-Mufid took advantage

See p. 2 2 2 .

'

See pp. 112, 116, 118, 120. Also J a z i ' i r i , IV, pp. 34-5; KashkGl, I , pp. 218-19.

Bahrini

'Ali b . Muhammad al-'Amili , a/-Durr a/-ManthZr, I , p. 100. See also Macdermott, p. 41. J a z i ' i r i , IV, p. 34; B a b r i n i , KoshkZl, pp. 218-19.

of this unpopularity to break the power of his opponents.

AB, V, p . 176.

In spite of the fact that he had studied with al-$adiiq who was 'the

KSzimi, p . 211; Tustari , Sohw 01-NobT, p . 2 . XVII, p. 123, C X , pp. 165-7.

See also Majlisi 11,

See pp. 156, 160, 178, 182-3, 186, 211, 2 2 2 . See especially Amin al-Astaribidi, p . 30. Mufid, Lamb a/-burhiin (quoted in Ibn Tiwiis, Iqbiil, p. 5); Shaykh, Fihrist, pp. 89-90, 134, 136, 157.

'

See Mimaqini, the introduction, p . 212, V, pp. 84, 249. See SadEq, I , pp. 234-5;

lo

For instance 'Ukboriyya, fol. 59a. He also devoted a book to his criticisms to the traditionists, entitled MoqiibG 01-anwiir fi 'I-radd 'a15 oh1 01-okhbiir (Najishi, p. 315; AB, XXI, p. 375). 1 1 KSzimi, pp. 205, 211.

Majlisi I , Rawdo, 11, pp. 451-2.

J a z i ' i r i , 111, p . 131, IV, pp. 35-40. Among the ancient Ugiili S h i ' i scholars al-Tabrisi supported this view. See his Majrna' a/-bayiin , I , p . 181 (also IV, p. 317). See also Abii 'Ali, p . 45.

Fo1. 40a. l3

Fol. 142b.

1 9 0 1 . 130b. 15

MurtadZ, lbtiil a/-'omol bi-okhbiir a/-iihcd, fol. 142b.

42

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW

first half of the 5 t h I l l t h century, resulted in the decline and fall of the school of traditionists.

Aspects of this severe controversy are recorded

TI-IE PERIODS OF

SHT'ILAW

43

precepts from the appropriate sources was done through rational analysis, the procedures and rules of conduct of which were familiar to the theolog-

in some of the sourcesZ in which the traditionists are referred to as the Al-Mufid 'okhbiiriyya1, and the 'rationalists1 as 'mu'tozila' or 'koliimiyyo'.

n s because of the latters' daily involvemtns with hard theological debates.

and al-Sharif al-Murtaai too, speak of the approach of 'mutakallimiinl and 'rnuboqqiqiin' as against that of the 'traditionists'.' In later S h i ' i sources,

fluence on S h i ' i scholarship had left deep marks on the overall patterns

the adherents of this rationalist school are referred to by the term 'ugCliyyol.

Al-Mufid was taught law by Ja'far b . Mubarnmad b . QElawayh,

one of the jurists of the Intermediate tendency, other legal schools of his time.

and was familiar with the

vertheless it should be noted that Long years of entrenched traditionist

0

S h i ' i thought,

patterns.

theologians of the Period of the Presence and those of later periods, spring from this fact.

However, because of his rational and

analytical tendencies he was an admirer of Ibn Abi 'Aqil,' whose legal approach was similar to his own. The approach of the rationalists, as was described under the discussion

and had, over time, become an integral part of these

The different standpoints over certain problems between the

'

The characteristic of the rationalist school, according to the above account, is t h i i r refusal to relay on ZbZd traditions as a source of law. Al-Mufid, al-Murtaai and their studentshall emphasized this point. The three eminent scholars of the school, each of whom made his own original

of the legal methods of Ibn Abi 'Aqil, relied firmly on general Qur'anic

contribution to i t , were:

principles and on widely transmitted (mutowiitir) traditions, and excluded those traditions which did not provide certainty (Cbiid). Instead of the

(i)

01-Muqni'o, 01-lc1Zm bi-mci ittofaqot 'oloyh 01-ImFmiyyo min 01-Abkiim

latter, they conformed to thosc legal views which were accepted and continually practised among Shi'is (iifnZqZt).

The process of inferring

'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, p . 568. For instance Shahrastzni , p. 178. It is strange that al-Babrini , who belonged to the later Akhbiris of the sixth stage of S h i ' i law, thought that 'nothing happened between the traditionists and muitahids (rationalist jurists) in the first centuries, although those ages were full of both types of scholars' (uodii'iq, I , p . 169).

and o l ' A wT$ fi '/-obkZm (ii) (iii)

Other scholars of this school and interpreters of its views, whose original contributions are less conspicuous, a r e :

Muiid, AwZ'il a/-moqClCt, p . 98; Murtaaa, TobbCniyyiiL, £01. 2 . See for instance 'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, p p . 3, 178, 179, 190, 231, 235-7, 240, 272, 281, 282, 284, 415-16, 459, 481, 504, 506, 528, 569; 'Allama, NihCyot 01-wu$iil, fol. 200b.

(ii)

SallZr b . 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Daylami , author of 01-Moriisim al'Allawiyyo wo 'I-obkZm 01-Nobowiyya

'

Qadi

'Abd al-'Aziz b . al-Barrij al-Sham?, author of 01-Muhodhdhob,

01-JowZhir and Sharb Jumol olk'ilm wo '/-'om01 (iii)

Abu '1-Hasan Mubammad b . Mubarnmad al-Bugrawi, a student of al-Murtaai and author of 01-iMufTd fi '1-takiTf

Najishi, p. 95. Ibid., p . 38.

Abu '1-$alib Taqi al-Din b . Najm al-Din al-aalabi, author of

01-KZF fi 'I-fiqh and a pupil of al-Mufid

(i)

"ee works of al-MuEd and al-Murtaai. Also Riwandi, Fiqh alQur'iin, I , p . 4 . However, there were some dirferences between the approach of al-Muiid and alkMurtadi. See further Brunschvig, p p . 208-11. Thev had such a difference in theological matters as well. Al-Riwandi ( d . "57311178) collected the cases of d:lsagreements between al-Mufid and al-Sharif al-MurtaaX in their works, in an independent treatise. He gathered ninety-five theological cases upon which their opinions differed. Al-Riwandi thought it would need a large book to gather all the cases on which they had taken different standpoints (Ibn TZwiis, Koshf 01-mabajjo, p . 2 0 ) . Likewise, there were many cases of disagreement between alSharif al-Murtaai and Abu '1-Saliib al-galabi . Al-KarZjaki collected these cases in a book entitled GhCyot a/-in$Zf ;f masci'il 01-khilCf in which he tried to support al-Murtada's opinions (NEri , 111, p . 498/AB, XVI, p . 9 ) .

Al-Sharif al-MurtaQa, author of 01-lnti~iir, 01-Mosii'il 01-NZ$iriyyZt and many other treatises

Shahrastini, pp. 169, 178; Sharif al-JurjZni, p . 629; Fakhr alRZzT , Mob$Cl (quoted in Kazimi , p. 203). "

A1-Mufid, author of numerous legal treatises and texts such as

Thcse differences were, however, in theological matters. In legal discussions, they followed the samc approach. The invalidity of ZbZd traditions, which was the main characteristic of this school of law, was for instance supported by Fad1 b . Shadhan as well. See BaQr al-'UlEm, 111, p . 232; AB, XXIV, p . 2 8 7 . See his: To$bTb 01-irtiqZd, p p . 179, 212, 227-9; Todhkiro, p . 193; Sorawiyyo, pp. 223-5; JawZb ah1 a/-VZ'ir, pp. 112, 116. See also Ibn Idris, p. 409; Mubaqqiq, Ma'cirii, p . 127. In most of his works, as example: al-Mow$iliyya 01-thiiiitho, fol. 40a; DharT'o, pp. 528-55.

'

For instance al-ljalabi , Toqrib 01-MaCiir!f, fol. 91a; Karajaki , p . 296; bn al-Barraj, Shorb Jumol, pp. 170, 177, 256. See also Baha' al-Din 1-'Amili, Wa/Tzo, p. 6; K a ~ i m i ,p. 4 4 2 .

AN INTRODUCTION TO

44 (iv) 4.

SHT'T

LAW

THE PERIODS OF SHf'f LAW

Abu '1-Fath Muhammad b . 'Ali al-Karijaki

THE SCHOOL OF SHAYKH

legal scholarship for three centuries.

45

During this time, it passed through

three stages:

AL-TA'IFA

The rationalist school based its legal theories on the Q u r ' i n and on well-

( a ) The disciples of Shaykh al-Ti'ifa

known widely transmitted traditions.

The century after his death was the period of his pupils and imitators.

zb?d traditions on their own were

None of the S h i ' i jurists of this period produced any major novel ideas.

not considered to be a reliable source for law. Shaykh al-Tii'ifa, Muhammad b . Basan al-Tfisi ( d . 46011067), known simply a s 'al-Shaykh' in S h i ' i legal works, strove to retain the authority of FbFd traditions as a source of law, rational method of law;

' while preserving the

a method which has remained the characteristic

The method of Shaykh al-Tii'ifa, in effect, combined the method of the rationalists with that of the tradition-

century said that after al-Shaykh, the Shi'a had no m u f f ( meaning a jurisconsult with independent judgments) and that all S h i ' i jurists after him were merely narrators and expounders of his views. The most prominent scholars of this period, whose names and works are

The legal works of Shaykh al-Ti'ifa opened up much new ground in

S h i e i law.

His K . a/-Mobs$ treated many cases which S h i ' i jurists had

not dealt with previously. His K. 01-Khiliif was the first notable work in the field of comparative law among Shi'is.

mentioned in the legal sources, are: Abfi 'Ali Basan b . Muhammad h . Basan al-Tiisi , son of al-Shaykh

(i)

(d. after 515/1121), author of Sharb 01-Nihiiya and a/-Murshid ilF

These two books were modelled

sob2 ol-fa'abbud

upon Sunni works, and through them an important part of Sunni legal scholarship passed into S h i ' i law facilitating its further development.

'

Sadid al-Din Mahmiid al-Bimmasi in the latter part of the 6thIl2th

analytical and

of S h i ' i law up to the present time. ists.

They merely quoted and explained al-Shaykh's statements and therefore have been called 'muqallido' (imitators).

Ni~zm&Din Sulaymiin b . wasan al-Qahrashti, a student of al-

(ii)

Shaykh and author of l$bZb oolShTCabi-mi$biib 01-shot-7'0

S h i ' i law a t this stage benefited much from the heritage of Sunni legal (iii)

'Ali' al-Din 'Ali b . Basan al-Balabi, author of IshFrot ol-sobq

concepts, which were alien to traditional S h i ' i thought, also crept into

ilii mo'rifat 01-boqq

S h i ' i law and created some inconsistencies in i t .

(iv)

Abfi 'Ali Fag1 b . Basan Amin al-Islim al-Tabrisi ( d . 54811158),

thought of the early centuries of Islam.

At the same time, non-Shi'i In his two works,

author of 01-Muntokhab min Mosii'il 01-khiliif

Shaykh al-Tii'ifa cited the text of some Sunni legal works literally and then added his judgments on the basis of S h i ' i general principles o r S h i ' i traditions in the form of marginal notes.

(v)

'Imiid al-Din Muhammad b . 'Ali b . Bamza al-Tfisi ( d . after 5661

(vi)

Qutb al-Din Sa'id b . Hibat Allih al-Riwandi ( d . 57311178), author

1171), author of 01-WasTlo il? nay1 a/-fofila

His efforts to adjust non-

S h i ' i concepts to his own legal system were not always successful.

As a

of Fiqh a/-Qur'iin

consequence, some confusion and inconsistencies are apparent in his works, which were later refined by al-Mubaqqiq al-Villi.

Qutb al-Din Muhammad b . Qusayn al-Kaydari al-Bayhaqi ( d . after

(vii)

576/1181), author of 01-l$biib

More consonant with traditional S h i ' i legal thought, was Shaykh alTi'ifals K. ol-NihZya, which became the most authoritative S h i ' i text for two centuries.

Apart from this, his 01-Jumoi wo 'I-'uqijd and some other

(viii)

Rashid al-Din Muhammad b . 'Ali b . Shahrashfib al-Sarawi ( d . 5881 1192), author of Mutashiibih 01-Qur'Zn wa mukhtolifuh

legal treatises of his have also survived. His two collections of traditions

( b ) The period of criticism

TahdhTb 01-obk?m and 01-IstibgZr, became important sources of the law.

A century after the death of al-Shaykh, in the second half of the 6thl

His approach towards contradictory traditions in these two books, and his

12th century, a number of scholars arose in opposition to the fundamental

legal interpretation of them, deeply influenced S h i ' i law.

principles of his school.

The school of Shaykh al-Ti'ifa maintained i t predominance in S h i ' i See the chapter on okhbiir 01-*iid

in his 'Uddo, pp. 25-63.

For this second, he was accused by the Akhbaris of following the practice of qiycs. See Busayn al-Karaki, chapter 8.

Rejecting the validity of ?@Zd traditions as a

source of law, they revived the rational method of al-Sharif al-Murtaai. See Kiqimi , p. 4 4 2 . Ibn Tiiwiis, Koshf al-Mobajjo, p. 127; Busayn b . 'Abd al-Qamad, Wu$Cl 01-akhycr, p. 33; Sahib al-Ma'ilim, p. 179; Abu '1-Qisim b . Basan al-Yazdi, I , p . 2 0 ; KhwZns:ri, VII, p . 161.

AN INTRODUCTION TO S ~ f ' fLAW

46

THE PERIODS OF SHf'i LAW

The prominent representatives of this new tendency, which did not

(iii)

develop any further after them, are:

'

(iv)

Najib al-Din Muhammad b . Ja'far b . Hibat Allzh b . Nimi ( d . 6451

(v)

Sadid al-Din Yiisuf b . al-Mutahhar al-villi (alive in 66511267)

(vi)

Ahmad b . Miisi b . TXwiis al-tlilli ( d . 67311274-5), author of

'Izz al-Din Abu '1-Makirim vamza b . 'Ali b . Zuhra al-JJalabi ( d . 5851

1189-90), author of Ghunyat a i - n ~ z L i ' ~ Mubarnmad b . Mangiir b . Abmad b . Idris al-villi ( d . 59811202), author

3.

1248)

of a/-Sorb'ir

BushrZ 01-rnuboqqiqTn

To this list some other scholars of the same period could be added, who

(vii)

in their positive legal doctrlne followed al-Shaykh, and hence we mentioned them among his disciples, but in theory and under the influence of the Among them were Qutb al-Din al-~jlwandi' and Ibn

Yahyjl b . Sa'id al-villi ( d . 68911290), author of J h i ' a/-shorZ'1' and Nuzhot ol-nZ?ir

(viii)

works of al-Sharif al-Murta(ra, they maintained the invalidity of ZbZd traditions.

Zayn al-Din Mubamrnad b . Qisim al-Barzihi al-Naysjlbiiri (alive in 66111263)

1. Sadid al-Din Mabmiid b . 'Ali al-IJimmagi al-Rizi ( d . after 58311187) 2.

47

'Imid al-Din Uasan b . 'Ali al-Tabari (alive in 698112991, author of ol'Umdo, Nahi o l ' i r f i n and 01-Fog% a/-munhii

( c ) Al-Muhaqqiq and alk'Al1ima

Shahrishiib.

The legal heritage of alkShaykh, though fertile in new perspectives,

The most radical proponent of this tendency was Ibn Idris.

His critic-

was, nevertheless, as yet immature and inconsistent, and needed further

ism of the views and the legal approach of al-Shaykh was so strong that it

refinement and organization. Some of the elements which he adopted from

was considered by some later scholars to have exceeded proper bounds.

Sunni law remained tied to their original framework, and were not well

Although Ibn Idrisls critical views did not attract many supporters,

absorbed and adjusted to the new system. If S h i ' i law was to benefit

they did stimulate efforts to take S h i ' i law out of its static mould, and

fully from these elements, the whole system had to be adjusted and reorg-

t h u s furthered its evolution.

anized in order to accommodate them.

The main characteristics of Ibn Idrisls

approach were his critical eye and his independent thought, which are observable even in the preface and conclusion of his a/-SorZ'ir.

'

During the 7thl13th century, a number of jurists offered some new opinionss which are cited in the legal sources. (i) (ii)

They a r e :

This task was accomplished by al-Mubaqqiq, Najm al-Din Abu 'I-Qisim Ja'far, b . IJasan al-ljilli ( d . 67611277) author of Shorb'i' 01-IslZm, 01-Mukhtogor 01-niifi', a/-Mu'tobor , Nukot 01-Nihcyo and other legal works.

He refined the Shaykh al-Ti'ifa's legal heritage in detail, collected

Muhadhdhab al-Din vusayn b . Muhammad al-NiSi (early 7thl13th

and rearranged his opinions on various subjects, harmonized his legal

century)

doctrine and thus restored its authority which had been discredited by

Mu'in al-Din SXlim b . Badrin al-Migri (alive in 62611231), author

Ibn Idris's criticism.

of TobrTr 01-farZ'id and a/-Mo'Lino

defended al-Shaykh's legal doctrine.

He contested these criticisms vigorously and

A1-Mubaqqiq's main contribution to S h i ' i law, therefore, was his reconSee his opinions about ZbZd traditions in Ibn Idris, SorZ'ir, pp. 40911, quoting from al-JJimma~i's01-Mosbdir. See his view about akhbbr ool@xid in his Ghunyo, pp. 537-9. 4

See his view on okhbbr a/-Zbbd in his 01-5orZ'ir, p . 4 . See his view in that case in his Fiqh a/-Qur3%, I , p . 4 . See his opinion in his MutoshZbTbih 01-Qur'bn, 11, pp. 153-4 See as an example of those judgments NajaE, X I X , p . 37.

See i t , p p . 4, 404. It is to be notcd that this book is full of useful philological, genealogical and biographical information which demonstrates that Ibn Idris was well acquainted with different branches of Islamic scholarship. a

See 'AllZma, Muntohb, p . 4 . their general methodology.

These scholars followed al-Shaykh in

struction and refinement of al-Shaykhls legal system, which placed S h i ' i His student

law on a firmer bases enabled its further development. al-'Allima, course.

Basan b . Yiisuf b . al-Mutahhar al-villi followed this same

He strove to elaborate and expand the law on the basis of al-

Shaykh's legal doctrine and of al-Mubaqqiqts reorganization. He wrote many books on different branches of law, which all became important works of reference for later jurists.

Among them were Mukhtaiof 01-ShT'a,

Todhkirot oi-fuqahZ, MuntahZ a/-Motlob, TabrTr 01-obkZm 01-shor'iyyo, Tabzirot 01-muto'ollimTn, Qowo'id 01-obkiim, lrshiid oolodhhiin, NihCyot 01-ibkiirn and

TolkhT$ a/-morbrn.

Alk'Allima contributed to the development of S h i ' i law particularly in

A N INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~LAW

48 two areas.

THE PERIODS OF

He greatly enlarged the section on legal transactions on the

basis of relevant general rules mainly taken from Sunni law.

His efforts

in this area reflect his thorough knowledge of Sunni legal principles.

His

S H T ' ~ LAW

49

after this, and with the appearance of his a/-MobsGt and a/-KhilGf which incorporate Sunni legal methods and concepts, some fundamental changes appeared in the form and content of S h i ' i law.

second contribution was the introduction of mathematics, in which he was

With regard to form, the new expositions of the law turned into a mix-

well versed, into the law. He seems to be the first prominent scholar to

ture of the two legal systems.

use advanced mathematical rules in the relevant legal subjects such a s the

basis of Sunni legal texts, first citing the views of Sunni jurists, usually

law of inheritance,

the times of prayer (awqFt 01-galct) and the direction

They usually covered legal topics on the

those quoted in a/-KhilLif, and then presenting the opinions of S h i ' i

~l-KbT , a student o f al-Mubaqqiq and author of Kashf 01-rumiir ,

of prayer (qibla). He also made great contributions to the development of

scholars.

S h i ' i law through his criticism of the transmitters of the traditions, his

was one of the first S h i e i authors who did not follow the approach and

implementation of a novel classification for the S h i ' i traditions according

refrained from quoting the opinion of Sunnis in his own book.

to the degree of authority of their narrators2 and his refinement of

students of al-,'Allima, notably Fakhr al-Mubaqqiqin in his book

ugGl 01-fiqh through his numerous u$Gl works.

01-fowz'id, followed al-.&bitslead and omitted the analysesand opinions of

To sum u p , the legal doctrine of Shaykh al-Ti'ifa which had become

The

Tp'cb

Sunni scholars.

predominant in the S h i ' i community from the middle of the S t h l l l t h cen-

With regard to content, the additional subsidiary legal cases first dis-

tury onwards, reached its highest level of refinement in the latter half of

cussed in 01-Mabsiif and later in the works of al-'Allima in the section on

the 8thl14th century as a result of al-Mubaqqiq's clarification and

transactions, were borrowed from Sunni works and continued to be pres-

systemization, and al-'All&na1s elahoration and expansion.

ented on the basis of the principles of Sunni law.

Its definitive

formulation appeared in the works of these two scholars.

The pupils and followers of them all worked within this same legal framework. The most renowned of them, whose views have been cited in the legal works, are: (i) (ii)

foundations of Sunni law became crucial to the understanding and study of S h i ' i legal sources. Al-Shahid al-Awwal, Shams al-Din Mubarnmad b . Makki al-'Amili

Abu Mubarnmad Basan b . Abi Tilib al-Yiisufi al-iibi , Ibn Zaynab,

( d . 78611384) in his 01-Qawz'id wo 'I-fawLi'id reformulated the fundamental

author of Koshf a/-rurniiz (composed in 67211274)

rules and principles of S h i ' i law, and in applying them, changed the con-

'Amid al-Din 'Abd al-Muttalib b . Muhammad al-uusayni al-A'raji

tents of S h i ' i law and provided it with an independent identity,

( d . 154113531, author of Konz 01-fawc'id (iii)

Hence, a study of the

On the basis of the same principles, al-Shahid opened up new grounds

Fakhr al-Mubaqqiqin, Mubarnmad b . JJasan al-villi, son of al-

for S h i ' i law and introduced discussions of many new subsidiary cases.

'AllZma ( d . 77111370), author of Tp'c~,01-fawc'id 5. THE SCHOOL OF

AL-SI-IAHTD

Thus his legal system was quite distinct frorn those of his predecessors both in methods and contents.

AL-AWWAL

His legal works, such as 01-Qawz'id wo 'I-

It was in the second stage of i t s development that S h i ' i law emerged as an

fawii'id, a/-Duriis 01-shor'iyya, ChLiyat 01-murLid, a/-BayLin, a/-Alfiyyo and

independent and systematic legal structure.

ol-Lum'o 01-Dimashqiyya are among the most important works of Shi'i law.

style of S h i ' i law which Shaykh al-Ta'ifa followed in his a/-Nihcya.

adhere to his school a n d , though they offered c e r ~ a i nnovel opinions, they

The legal works which have survived from the second and the third stages, reflect the traditional But

Scholars after him for about one and a half centuries continued to mostly directed their efforts towards explaining his views.

He had been rules in this case AB , 111, p . 377), NogTriyya (ibid.,

preceded in the application of advanced mathematical by Mu'in al-Din al-Migri in his TabrTr 01-farii',p' (see followed by Nagir al-Din al-Tusi in his ol-Forc'iQ' alXVI, p . 150).

This novel classification was originally initjated by al-'Alliima's teacher JamXl al-Din Abmad b . Miisi b . TXwiis, author of Bushrii 01-iC:uboqqiqTn ( T u r a y b i , Jiimi' 01-moqiil, chapter 56) and gained popularity through its vast implementation by al-'Allzma in his works.

The most

renowned among them were: (i)

Ibn al-Khazin, Zayn al-Din, 'Ali b . ljasan b . al-Khizin al-JJa'iri (early 9thll5th century)

(ii)

Ibn al-Mutawwij, Abmad b . 'Abd Alliih al-Babrini ( d . 8201141718), author of 01-NihZya

(iii)

IT tofsTr

01-Khornsrni'ot cya

A1-FXGil al-Miqdiid, Miqdid b . 'Abd Allah al-Suyiiri al-Uilli ( d . 826114231, author of Konz a/-'irfin and a/-TanqTb 01-rz'i'

THE PERIODS OF (iv)

Ibn Fahd, Ahmad b . Mubammad b . Fahd al-Asadi al-LIilli ( d . 8411 1437-81, author of 01-Muhodhdhab 01-biiri' , 01-Miijaz al-bCwT and

3

separate treatises on some of them. Most of the S h i ' i jurists who succeeded al-Karaki up to the end of the The more well-known of

Shams al-Din Mubarnmad b . Shuji' al-Qattiin al-villi (first half of the 9thllSth c e n t u r y ) , author of Ma'zlim ol-din f7 fiqh

(vi)

A/

Safavids, were influenced by his legal approach.

YiisTn

these scholars whose names and views are cited in legal sources a r e :

Muflib b . uusayn al-Saymari ( d . after 87811473-41, author of Chiiyot 01-marzrn, Kashi a/-iltibiis and Jowiihir 01-kalimiit

(vii)

Ibn Nilil, 'Ali b . Muhammad b . HilZl al-Jazi'iri

(i)

IJusayn b . 'Abd al-samad alk'xmili ( d . 98411576)

(ii)

'Abd al-'Ali b . 'Ali b . 'Abd al-'Ali

( d . 909-9151 (iii)

IbrZhim b. Sulaymin al-Qatifi

( d . after 544511539), author of

T#zb

( d . 103011631), author

a/-lthn5'oshariyy~t

Al-Shahid al-Thini , Zayn al-Din, b . 'Ali b . Abmad al-'Amili

(iv)

( d . 96611559), author of ol-Rowp'a ul-bohiyyo, Masiilik 01-ofhh

Mubammad BZqir b . Shams al-Din Mubarnmad al-Astarabadi, al-DamZd ( d . 104011630-11, author of Shiiri' 01-najiit

and Rawp' a/-jiniin 6.

B a h i ' al-Din Mubammad b . uusayn al-'Amili

of Mashriq 01-sharnsayn, Jiimi0-i 'AbbijsT, a/-Fob1 01-motTn and

01-Niifi' (ix)

al-Karaki, his son ( d . 9931

15851, author of Sharb ol-lrshod

1504-10) (viii)

LAW

Jiirn~'01-rnaq?i$~d, 7o'ITq 01-lrshiid and Fowii'id 01-Sharii'~' and also wrote

a/-Muqta$or (v)

SHT'T

(v)

Sultan al-'Ulamii' , Ijusayn b . Rafi' al-Din Muhammad al-Mar'ashi ( d . 106411653-4)

THE LACY OF THE SAFAVID PERIOD

S h i ' i law during the period of the Safavids (907-113511502-1722) may be

(vi)

uusayn b . JamZl al-Din Mubammad al-KhwZnsZri ( d . 109811687), author of MoshFririq 01-shurniis

divided into three schools which although appearing one after another, (vii)

continued to exist and evolve side by side for a long time.

Jamil &Din Muhammad b . uusayn al-Khwinsiri ( d . 112511713), author of Hiishiyo 'ala 'I-Rowp'a 01-bohiyya

( a ) The school of al-Mubaqqiq al-Karaki (viii)

Al-Mubaqqiq 'Ali b . uusayn b . 'Abd ai-'iili al-Karaki ( d . 94011534)

Al-Fipil al-Hindi , Mubammad b . al-IJasan al-Igfahiini ( d . 11371 1725), author of Koshfol-lithiim and al-Maniihij 01-sawiyya

was a leading figure in S h i ' i scholarship in the early Safavid period and

( b ) The school of al-Muqaddas al-Ardabili A1-Mubaqqiq Abmad b . Mubarnmad al-Ardabili, known a s al-Muqaddas

made a major contribution to the development of S h i ' i law. Al-Karaki's law differed in two respects from earlier formulations. Firstly, he was able through stringent legal reasoning to place S h i e i law

( d . 543311585), author of Mojrno' a / - E ' i d a wa 'I-burhzn and Zubdot al-

on a more stable and solid footing by way of reconstructing and strength-

bayiin, developed his own special and independent legal method which gave

ening i t s principles.

rise to a distinct and significant school. His method was characterized by

He analysed legal problems thoroughly, paying

meticulous attention to the discussions and arguments previously advanced

f

systernatlc, Independent rational arguments based on his personal jnridlcal

about them, and used his power of reason and analysis to arrive at his own

analysis which entirely ignored the opinions and views of previous

judgment.

scholars. Although he did not bring about any fundamental changes in

inadequate.

Earlier analyses of legal questions were rather superficial and

the methodology and structure of the law, his extreme precision and

He based his judgments on a thorough investigation both in

favour of and against them.

exactitude, together with his independent method and juridical boldness

His legal doctrine, therefore, was much more

solidly argued than had been doctrines by earlier jurists. Secondly, he paid close attention to certain problems which had arisen

made his school quite distinctive.

1

Some of the best scholars of this period were followers of hls approdch.

a s a result of the change of the political situation with the adoption of

The most famous are:

Shi'ism a s the official religion of I r a n .

(i)

These problems included the limits of the legal power of the foqTh ( j u r i s t ) ; the legitimacy of Friday prayer in the absence of the Inlam, the land tax e t c . , which prior to the

1600), author of Modiirik al-obkiim and Hidiiyot 01-LiilibTn (ii)

yasan b . Zayn al-Din alEeAmili, sahib al-Ma'alim ( d . 101111602), author of Mo'iilim 01-din and Munlaqii 01-jurnzn

rise of the S h i ' i Safavid dynasty had not been in question.

Al-Karaki himself discussed these questions in detail in his legal works, such a s his

Mubammad b . 'Ali al-MGsawi al-'xmili, $%bib al-Madirik ( d . 10091

iii)

'Abd Allah b . IJusayn al-Tustari ( d . 102111621), author of Jiimi'

AN INTRODUCTION TO

52

S H T ' ~ LAW

01-fowii'id

ethod of legal reasoning which is based on rational argument, is not the In most of his other works, ly way to the discovery of legal norms.

Muhammad BZqir b . Muhammad Mu'min al-SabzawZri ( d . 109011679),

(iv)

author of DhakhTrat 01-mo'iid and KiEyat 01-abkiim

e cirticized the legal method of S h i ' i jurists and blamed them for being 'Abd al-Nabi b . Sa'd al-Jazi'iri, a slightly itators of the lancients'.

Muhsin al-Fayo, author of 01-Wiit7, MuCta$ama/-ShTco and MafiitTb a/shorii'i', may also be included in the above list.

Although an advocate of

later jurist, criticized the legal approach of the Ugiili school in his 01-lqti$iid ff,-sharb a/-lrshiid3 (written in 101511606-7). A $adr (the chief

the AkhbZri school of this period, he approved of al-Ardabili's independent approach and followed it in practice.

Like the followers of al-

religious dignitary) of the Safavid court in the first half of the l l t h I l 7 t h

Ardabili (especially sahib al-Madirik and al-SabaawZri), he preferred the

century is quoted as having said that no S h i ' i mujtohid remained in Iran or the Arab world in his time.' Al-Muqaddas al-Ardabili never hesitated,

opinions of al-Ardabili in many cases where the latter deviated from those of previous Shi'i scholars.'

Muhammad Biqir b . Mubarnmad Taqi

as noted before, to reject the opinions of all previous jurists wherever His stud-

al-Majlisi, author of Mir ' Z t 01-'uqiil and Bibiir a/-on wiir, too, was inter-

they excluded traditions on the basis of a rational argument.

ested in the views of al-Ardabili and $%bibal-MadZrik, and cited them

ents like Muhammad b . 'Ali al-'xmili, author of Modiirik 01-obkiim followed

frequently in his own works.

the same line.

( c ) Akhbirism

century made a great contribution to the rivival of the OodTth literature.

The school of the traditionists had been overcome by the Shi'i

Basan b . Zayn al-Din al-'Amili also made, at the same time, his contrib-

rationalists at the end of the 4thllOth century, though a limited number of its supporters survived here and there. threfore largely ignored by others.

They were not active and were

It was not until the beginning of the

l l t h l l l t h century that their school was revived by Muhammad Amin alA s t a r i b i d i ( d . 103611626-1) in his book a/-Fawii'id 01-Modoniyyo. A suitable ground for the revival of the traditionist school had gradually been provided from early lOthll6th century onwards.

Around the middle of the same century, a tendency calling for more freedom in S h i ' i law began to gain popularity.

a/-lsliim

His pupil Busayn b . 'Abd al-Samad al-'Amili, shoykh

of the Safavid court, followed the same line and wrote a similar

treatise on the same subject in which he held that ijtihiid, i.e. the normal See for instance Najafl , XVI , p . 71. This author (Muhammad Basan b . Muhammad BZqir al-Najafl, author of JowChir a/-koliim) did not favour the independent method of these scholars and their disregard of the opinions of the previous S h i ' i jurists. So he spoke of those three collectively as 'the followers (otbC') of al-Muqaddas'. For the story of this revival and its background, see especially Amin al-AstarZbZdi, Diinishniima-yi shiihT; KhwZnsiri , I , p . 121. It has been said that Ibn Abi Jumhiir al-AhsZ'i, a S h i ' i theologian with giifi tendencies of early lOthll6th century, was a follower of the traditionist school (see KhwZnsZri, VII, p . 331, but there is enough evidence in his works to deny this accusation. See Niiri, 111, p . 361 quoting Ibn Abi Jumhiir's Kiishifot 01-bcl; also AB , XVIII , p . 300.

'

AB, X, p . 42.

4

ution to the field through his works Muntoqii a/-jumiin and a/-TobrTr a/TawiisT. Many other works appeared m the flrst half of the same century on the bodTth literature, mostly inspired by the teachings of 'Abd Allih al-Tustari.'

Subjects such as the validity or invalidity of the traditions

as a source of law had again become points of debate among the jurists of early decades of the same century.

The value of logic and philosophy in Islamic scholarship had already come under question.' Elements such as

these contributed enormously to the appearance of a new traditionist

Al-Shahid al-Thini wrote a treatise against

following the legal judgments of the previous jurists without examining their bases.'

'Abd AllZh b . Busayn al-Tustari in early l l t h l l 7 t h

MS MI6913 Los Angeles ( c a t . , pp. 667-8).

vusayn b . 'Abd al--gainad, MaqCla IT wujiih 01-ifti' wo boyiin al--%oqq kull man 'olim bih. See also AB , XXI, p . 407.

a'!:

See his Risiilo fl bukm 01-bu$r wo 'I-bowiirT wa sahm 01-lmiim, p . 217; Tis' masi'il, p. 2 5 6 ; Risiilo IT tobqTq ba'p' a/-mosii'il a/-fiqhiyya, pp. 123-4. The MS 1836 of the Majlis Library, Tehran, contains a copy of the first treatise mentioned above alongside some other works on the UsiiliAkhbZri dispute, including Amin al-AstaribZdits 01-Fowii'id a/-Modaniyya (see the catalogue of the Majlis Library, IX, p . 493). This shows that uusayn b . 'Abd al-$amad's works were regarded as in the vanguard of that dispute. See pp. 18-136 of this work. KamaraSi, Risiilo dor ithbiit-i luriim-i wujijd-i mujtahid dor zamiin-i ghaybat, pp. 2-3.

'

See his Mojmo' 01-fii'ido wo 'I-burhiin, passim. See K h w i n s i r i , IV, p p . 235, 240, 243. Ibid; AD, X , p . 126, XV, p . 73. See KhwZusZri , IV, p . 238. Shahid 11, Risiilo fl t o q r d 01-mayyit (quoted in al-MZbiizi, 01-'Ashora kiimilo, p. 242. See also AB, IV, p. 392).

54

A N INTRODUCTION TO S ~ i ' L iAW

school and its rapid development and predominance.

THE PERIODS OF ~ H i ' fLAW During this century, the animosity between

from Iran to Bahrain.

The new traditionist school, which was now called by its other old name,

Sharper opposition bet

Akhbal-is and Ugiilis had not yet become strong.

A k h b i r i , was, like its predecessor, opposed to the rational, analytical

ween them, however, began to appear from the last decades of thc same

approach to the

century.

law and adhered strictly to the outward, literal meanings

of the traditions. In the ahove-mentioned work, Amin al-Astaribidi

The AkhbZri tendency gained supremacy in all S h i ' i centres of

argued against rational analysis and reasoning as a means of discovering

learning in the following century, and held S h i ' i law in its grasp for

legal norms, and utterly dismissed the principles of u$iriii a/-fiqh which had

several decades until the second half of that century, when it again declined in the face of Ugiili resurgence. Elahrain was the stronghold of

been evolved in order to define the rational method.

This approach basic-

ally resembled the more radical wing of the early traditionists which

this school during this period and has remained so up to the present,

considered all traditions transmitted from the Imims as authentic.

after the demise of Akhbirism in Iran and Iraq.

The focus in Amin al-AstarZbidils argument was on the invalidity and

There are f6w AkhbXrT jurists who held independent views on legal

peccability of the Aristotelian logic which had been the basis for the

matters.

S h i ' i jurists in their legal reasonings.

approach.

The main difference between the

Two prominent AkhbZri scholars stand out for their moderate They are:

two S h i ' i legal tendencies of Ugiili and Akhbiri was the validity or inval-

(i)

Mubsin al-Fay@

idity of reason in connection with religious matters, although many other

(ii)

Yiisuf b . Abmad al-Babrini, $%bib al-uadi'iq ( d . 118611772),

points of disagreement, mostly of the same type, existed at the same time.'

author of ol-UodZ'iq ol-nii(iira.

The Akhbiri school found its way to Iraq in the fourth decade of the l l t h l l 7 t h century and was followed by most of the jurisconsults of Najaf

Some other leading figures of this school were: (i)

KhalTl b . GhZzi al-Qazwini ( d . 108811677), author of two comment-

(ii) (iii)

Mubarnmad b . uasan al-uurr al-'Amili , author of Wosli'il ol-ShT'a

and other S h i ' i centres of learning in Mesopotamia.

In Iran, the majority of the jurists of the provinces in the second half of the same century supported this tendency.

'

The religious academy of Igfahin, which was

aries on al-Kulayni's K . ol-KliF

the largest centre of S h i ' i learning, was dominated by the U g i i T ~ ,although

Ni'mat Allih t). 'Abd AllZh al-JazZ'iri ( d . 111211700), author of ChZyat al-rnorlirn and Koshf 01-asrlir

the first Majlisi, Mubarnmad Taqi b . Maqgiid 'Ali ( d . 107011659-60),

(iv)

Sulaymin b . 'Abd Allih al-Babrini al-Mibiizi (d.112111709)

author of Rowp'at ol-rnuttoqii, and Lawiirni'-i $rSbibqorrSnT inclined to

(v)

'Abd Allih b . $Zlib al-SamZhiji al-BabrZni ( d . 113511723).

Akhbirism,

and his son Mubarnmad BZqir, al-Majlisi 11 supported a method

between Akhbirism and U g E l i ~ m . ~ Zayn al-Din 'A17 b . Sulaymin b . Darwish b . uitim al-Qadami al-Babrxni ( d . 106411653-4) took Akhbirism

55

7.

THE SCHOOL OF

A L - W A ~ T D AL-BIHBAHANT

A s mentioned above, the Akhbiri school which predominated in S h i ' i centres of scholarship from the first half of the 12thl18th century, rejec ted the traditional methodology of law upon which ijtihrSd had relied, and

See Bihbahini, Fowli'id, pp. 436-8;

Khwinsari, I , pp. 127-30.

See J a z i ' i r i , Manba', pp. 275-8; Samihiji, p p . 375-9 ialso quoted in KhwinsZri, I , pp. 127-20); 'Abd Allih al-Jazi'iri, pp. 381-2; Shubbar, Bughyo, the whole work; Dizfiili, Fliririiq a/-boqq, the whole work (86 points of disagreement are mentioned); KZshif al-Ghiti, al-(foqq a/-mubin, p p . 76-89; Ri@ al-Qazwini, 01-Farq buyn ol-AkhbZriyyTn wa 'I-Ugiriiliyyin, the whole work.

'

Majlisil, Lawfii', I , p . 16; KhwinsZri, I , p . 137. See Majlisi I , Rowp'a, I , p . 2 1 . Idem, Lawlirni', I , pp. 16, 30: Khwinsiri, I , pp. 136-7, 11, p . 119.

Majlisi 11, Soyr wa suliriik, fol. 53a. See also his ZrSd ol-rno'lid, pp. 557-8 (quoted in BabrZni , (fadli'iq, XII, p . 268).

forbad its study or usage. forgotten.

As a result, this discipline was abandoned and

There is no mention of any important rnujtahids in the history

of S h i ' i law during the middle of that century.

Only a very few continued

to teach a limited number of students in small schools, distant from urban religious and academic centres. In the second half of this same century, an outstanding Shi'i jurist BabrZni, Lu'lu'a, p. 13; Tunukibuni, p. 227; AB, X V , p. 76. The name 'Bahrain' is used here in its old meaning which included the mainland of al-Qatif and al-Absi' inhabited by Shi'is.

56

A N INTRODUCTlON TO SHf'f LAW

THE PERIODS OF

SHT'?

LAW

57

with a genius for rational argument and analysis, succeeded in dismantling

( d . 123111815), author of Riyiip' 01-mosii'il

the influence of the AkhbirT school and in establishing a new rational

Abu '1-Qisim b . Ijasan al-Gilini al-Qurnmi ( d . 123111816), author

school in S h i ' i law.

(v)

of Jiimi' 01-shotct, Chonii'im a/-ayyiim and Maniihij 01-ohkern

This scholar was Muhammad Biqir b . Mubammad

Akmal al-Bihbahini , known a s al-Wahid ( d . 120511791), who produced many legal works, among them:

Asad Allah b . Ismi'il al-Tustari al-Kizimi, $:bib

vi)

( d . 123411818-191, author of Maqiibis ol-anwiir

a/-Fowc'id a/-uii'iriyyo and Sharb MofijtTb

a/-shorz'i'.

vii)

Muhammad b . 'Ali al-Tabitabi'i al-Mujihid ( d . 124211827), author of 01-Monchil

viii)

Abmad b . MubammadMahdi al-NarZqi ( d . 124511829), author of

Conditions for such a change were, to some e x t e n t , facilitated by some A k h b i r i scholars in the mid-12thll8th ccntury.

Scholars such a s $adr

Mustanod 01-ShF'o and Moniihij 01-obkcm

al-Din Muhammad b . Muhammad Biqir al-Hamadini ( d . after 115111738-9) in his Shorb 01-WFfiya, YEsuf b . Abmad al-Babrini ( d . 118611772) in the

)

wasan b . Ja'far al-Najafi

)

the Ugiilis' arguments, rejected some A k h b i r i approaches and followed a more moderate line.

Treatises against the AkhbZri doctrine had already

begun to appear before the middle of t h e Century. Through severe continuous mental e f f o r t ,

' The

legal system of his school was the first to be constructed entirely in accord with t h e rules and principles of ugGl 01-fiqh.

He worked hard on the

elaboration of his method and on the rehabilitation of ugZl 01-fiqh.

His

legal work which i s representative of a logical law, woven into a solid and integrated legal system, cannot be easily compared with preceding systems Al-Bihbahini had prominent pupils and followers who carried on his school and spread his legal doctrine. The most renowned of them a r e : (i)

Mubammad Mahdi b . MurtaQi al-Tabitabi'i, Babr alCUlCim ( d . 121211797), author of al-MagiibTI.?

(ii) (iii) (iv)

Jawid b . Muhammad al-Ijusayni al-'Xmili

A1 Kishif al-Chit:'

( d . 126211846),

)

Muhammad Ijasan b . Muhammad Biqir al-Najafi ( d . 126611850), author of Jowiihir 01-koliim.

THE SCHOOL OF S H A Y K H A L - A N $ ~ R ~ last fundamental change which occurred in S h i ' i law and which led to

al-Bihbahini managed to

re-establish the authority of reason and rational argument in law.

Ijujjat

author of Anwcr 01-foqiiha

a/-okhbcr,' Mubammad b . 'Ali al-Maqibi al-Babrini ( d . after 116911756) in the introduction to his Nukhbot o l - ~ $ Z l ,and ~ o t h e r s 3 accepted some of

Mubammad B i q i r b . Muhammad Naqi al-Miisawi al-Shaft:, al-Islim ( d . 126011844), author of Maliili' 01-onwG

introduction to his a/-uodii'iq a/-niigiro, Mahdi b . Mubarnmad Silib alFutCini al-'xmili ( d . 118311769-70) in the introduction to his NatZi'ii

al-Maqibis

( d . 122611811), author

founding of a new school, was associated with the reconstruction of the and its methodology through t h e scholarly approach of al-Shaykh taQi b . Mubammad Amin al-AngZri ( d . 128111864).

This resulted in a

ical change in the system of S h i ' i law. 1-AngZri extended the section of u$GI 01-fiqh which dealt with the most era1 principles of law (01-ugiil ol-'omoliyyo) to a remarkable degree, rebuilt it with subtlety and precision on a firmly rational base.

He

t used this method to r e s t r u c t u r e t h e law, especially the section of sactions. His legal studies and his overall method were so refined and they superseded all previous methods.

Wherever he has dealt with a ain subject, his discussions have supplanted all previous works on i t . 1-Angiri's method i s still dominant in S h i ' i academic life. His works

of Miftiib a/-kariima

01-Makcsib on the law of sale and 01-Rasii'il on u$Zl a/-fiqh are text-

Ja'far b . KhiQr al-Najafi, Kishif al-GhitZ'(d. 122811813), author

s in S h i ' i academic c e n t r e s .

of Koshf a/-ghitii'

he most eminent of his students and followers who f u r t h e r elaborated

'Ali b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Tabitabii'i al-Karbali'i, Sahib al-Riyip

S h i ' i legal system on t h e basis of his methods were: Ijabib Allih b . Mubammad 'Ali al-Rashti ( d . 131211894), author

See AB, XXIV, p . 4 2 .

of 01-IltiqiitZit

I b i d . , XXIV, p . 93.

Mubammad Ijasan b . MabmGd al-Shirizi , al-Mujaddid ( d . 131211895)

See for instance ibid., XXI, p . 402. "or instance RisZilo f7 wujGb ittibii' ol-mujtohid li-~onnihb y Mubamma Ismi'il b . Mubammad ljusayn al-KhwijCi'i al-Isfahini ( d . 117311759-601, written in 113711724-5.

Ri&i b . Muhammad HZdi al-Hamadini ( d . 132211904), author of Migbiib 01-foqTh Mubarnmad Kizim b . Ijusayn a l - K h u r i s i n i , known a s al-xkhiind

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

58

( d . 132911911), author of Hiishiyo 'ala 'I-Makcsib (v)

MuQarnmad KZzim b . 'Abd aI-'Azim al-TabitabG'i al-Yazdi ( d . 133711919), author of 01-'Urwa 01-wuthqc and ucshiya '010 '/-Makcsib

(vi)

Mubarnmad Taqi b . MuQibb 'A17 al-Shirizi ( d . 133811920), author

(vii)

Mubarnmad Ijusayn b . 'Abd al-Ra4im al-Ni'ini

(viii)

'Abd al-Karim b . Mubammad Ja'far al-Yazdi al-IJi'iri ( d . 13551

of Hiishiya 'a10 '/-Makcsib ( d . 135511936)

19371, author of K . a/-Salct and the founder of the religious and academic centre in Qum ( I r a n ) (ix)

p i y i ' al-Din b . Mu4ammad al-'Ariqi

( d . 136111942), author of

5hoi-(? Tobzirut 01-miito'allim71~ (x)

MuQamlnad LIusayn b. Mul?ammad @asan al-IgfahZni al-Kumpini ( d . 136111942), author of tliishiyot 01-Mokiisib

(xi)

Abu '1-uasan b . Mubarnmad al-Mtisawi a l - I ~ f a h i n i ( d . 136511946),

(xii)

uusayn b . 'Ali al-TabitabZ'i al-Buriijirdi ( d . 138011961)

(xiii)

Mubsin b . Mahdi al-TabilabZ'i al-Ijakim ( d . 139011971), author of

author of WasTlat 01-najzt

Nohi a/-foqchu and Mustamsak a/-'Urwa 01-wulhqc. The contemporary scholars of the S h i ' a , the most prominent of them being Kyat AllZh Abu '1-Qisim al-Khu'i a n d Ayat Allih Rii4 AllZh alKhumayni, a r e followers of al-AngZri's school.

Their legal opinions a r e

to be found in their works such a s Mabcn7 Takmilat 01-Minhiij b y al-Khu'i and K . 01-Makcsib 01-mubarromo, K. a/-Boy ', Tobrii- a/-WasTla a n d

K . al-Tohiira b y al-Khumayni, and in books composed and published by their students on the basis of their lessons.

Part Two Main Works on Sh?'?Law

MAIN WORKS ON SHT'T L A W Since law has always been, together with theology, the most widely dis-

der.

cussed subject in S h i ' i scholarship, a complete bibliographical study of

ailable, only the important or older copies are listed.

S h i ' i law would require several volumes.

As is usually the case with the

)

In the case of widely used books of which many manuscripts are

All dates in this part are according to the lunar hijrT calendar, and

S h i ' i intellectual heritage, most S h i ' i works written on this subject are

e language of all works listed is Arabic, except where stated otherwise.

lost. Many others have survived in manuscripts stored in inaccessible

The authors are fully identified in the first main entry of their works, cept those mentioned in Part One.

private collections.

However, among those books that have survived,

only a few are commonly referred to in traditional legal discussion which pays little attention to works written by less important and unoriginal authors.

The names of, and information currently available about, most

of these lost, unavailable or less common works can be obtained from iighi? Buzurg al-TihrZnils 01-DharT'o iiti taztinTf ol-ShT'a. What follows is a selected bibliography of some available works on S h i ' i law, arranged in two sections.

In the first section (chapter 5 ) ,

lists are given of some general legal works by the most important S h i ' i jurists.

This section is arranged in chronological order according to the

author's date of death.

In the second section (chapter 61, a list of some

extant monographs is given according to the most usual order of S h i ' i legal works as described in chapter three. There are five more points to be explained about this selected bibliography: (1) Only purely legal works are mentioned in these lists.

Scientific works

about topics such as the times of prayer (awqtit ol-galtit), determining the direction of Mecca (qibla), the quantity of water beyond which there cannot be contamination (the k u r r ) , figures for weights and measures mentioned in the legal sources (a/-awzk wo ' I - m a q X r ) , wills (wagtiyti) , the division of inheritance (farf'ip'), and the like, are not mentioned, nor are works on supererogation, religious supplication (du'ti') and the moral aspects of acts of devotion, which a r e , in f a c t , works of religious ethics rather than law; nor are those works related to the concept of ijtihtid which should more properly be regarded as a jurisprudential rather than a legal topic.

Some examples of the collections of legal opinions (fatwts)

compiled to be used by the ordinary people (rosti'il 'omaiiyya) are listed in a separate section. (2)

Only works which are published, or those preserved in manuscripts

belonging to accessible collections, are mentioned, as noted above. (3)

The manuscripts mentioned for each work are listed in chronological1

Chronological order is maintained for several manuscripts in the same library, and where several libraries have manuscripts, the libraries are arranged in the chronological order of the earliest manuscript in each library.

)

A/-lnti$iir

Tehran. -r~litions: --

1 2 7 6 (in the collection of 01-Jowiirni' 0 1 - f i q h i y y a ) Najaf, 1 3 9 2 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 9 8 1 , 3 5 9 8 , 3649 ( c a t . , 111, p. 1 7 4 , I X , p . 3 7 8 , X , p . 4 6 ) ; Radawi 2 2 3 4 , 2 6 9 9 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 ; V , p . 3 6 7 ) ; DinishgZh 3 2 4 4 , 5377 ( c a t . , XI, p . 2 2 0 3 , XV, p. 4 2 2 6 ) ; Waziri 6 5 6 ( c a t . , 11, p . 5 6 4 ) ; Ma'had 1 3 0 5 ( c a t . , p . 1 1 3 ) ; Princeton 1 2 7 9 1 2 New Series; IlihiyyZt 77d ( c a t . , I , p . 4 6 4 ) ; Los Angeles M I 1 9 5 (cat. p. 156) Abridgement: by NizZmal-Din al-$ahrashti , MS: Radawi 2849 ( c a t . , v . , p. 490) 1315;

Chapter Five

SOME COMPREHENSIVE WORKS

Al-Most'il ol-Nij$iriyyiit Edition: Tehran, 1 2 7 6 (in the collection of ol-Jowijrnimi' 0 1 - f i q h i y y a ) Selected MSS: Raaawi 2 6 4 5 , 2 6 4 6 ( c a t . , 11, p. 1 3 4 ) ; FayGiyya 1 8 0 6 ( c a t . , I , p. 2 4 2 ) ; Dinishgih 6 9 1 4 1 1 4 , 6 9 3 0 ( c a t . , XVI, pp. 3 9 8 , 4 0 4 ) ; Majlis 4 3 2 6 1 2 , 5 1 8 7 1 6 ( c a t . , XII, p. 2 0 , XVI, p. 8 ) ; Sipahsilir 253313 ( c a t . , V , p . 5 6 2 ) ; uuqiiq 2 1 6 1 4 j '(cat., pp. 4 5 9 - 6 0 ) ; Mar'ashi 2 2 1 9 1 5 ( c a t . , VI, p . 2 0 9 ) ; Waziri 2226 ( c a t . , IV, p. 1 2 0 8 ) ; Gulpiyigini 1 0 4 3 1 2 ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 2 3 ) ; KZshZn, Radawi 7 3 1 1 ( c a t . , VII, p . 3 9 )

A SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS AL-$ADOQ: -

-

I r n l i j ' f7 w o $ f d7n o l - l r n i i r n i y y a , chapter 9 3 of his 01-ArniilT (see Sezgin, I, p. 545) Edition: Qum, 1 3 7 7 (together with his o l - M u q n i ' ) A/-Hidiiya

Editions: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of a l - J o w i i r n i ' a l - f i q h i y y o ) ; Qum, 1 3 7 7 (together with his 0 1 - M u q n i ' ) Selected MSS: Burujiridi (AB, XXV, p. 1 7 5 ) ; Los Angeles 1 2 4 3 1 3 ( c a t . , p . 7 1 8 ) ; Faygiyya 1 7 0 2 1 2 ( c a t . , 111, p. 1 1 9 ) ; Gaivharshid 1 6 0 1 , 7 2 2 1 2 ( c a t . , p . 4 3 2 - 3 ) ; SipahsZlir 5 5 5 3 1 5 ( c a t . , V, p. 7 5 5 ) ; IlZhiyyZt, microfilm 93 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 3 0 ) ; Mar'ashi 2 2 1 9 1 2 ( c a t . , VI, p . 2 0 8 ) ; uuqiiq 2 1 G l 2 j ( c a t . , p . 2 0 6 ) ; Majlis 1 2 7 2 ( c a t . , IV, pp. 1 0 1 - 2 ) ; India Office 4 6 3 2 (Sezgin, I , p. 5 4 8 ) ; Berlin Q u . 1 7 7 9 (ibid. ) -

Al-Muqni'

Editions: Tehran, 1276 (in the above-mentioned collection); Qum, 1 3 7 7 Selected MSS: Radawi 2620 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 2 6 ) ; JJuqiiq 2 1 6 l l j ( c a t . , p. 4 6 8 ) ; Majlis 1 2 7 2 , 585212 ( c a t . , IV, p . 9 7 , XVII, p. 2 6 3 ) ; Mar'ashi 2 2 1 9 1 1 ( c a t . , VI, p. 2 0 8 ) ; DZr al-Kutub 2 0 0 3 4 ( c a t . , 111, p. 102) -

K . f i ' l - f i q h = A r k & s h a r o ' i ' al-lslijrn? MS: Mar'ashi 3694112 ( c a t . , X, p . 9 5 )

-

Al-lshriif

. .

,

Edition: Qum, 1 4 0 4 MSS: Milli 8 6 3 1 2 Arabic ( c a t . , VI11, PD. 3 6 7 - 8 ) ; Mailis 1 1 3 , 6 7 1 3 Khu'i, 3 5 4 4 , 4 3 2 5 1 1 ( c a t . , I V , p. 8 4 , V I I , pp. 2 2 6 - 8 , X, p . 1 5 0 6 , X I I , w . 1 9 1 , IlZhlyyZt 4 5 2 1 1 d ( c a t . , I , p . 3 0 2 ) ; Mahk 2647 ( c a t . , I , 1 0 3 ; Binish, p . 9 4 9 ) ; p . 58i); Radawi i i 4 0 , 7 8 5 7 ( c a t . , 11, Mar'ashi 4 4 1 1 1 , 3 8 9 4 ( c a t . , 11, p. 4 2 , X, p . 2 7 6 ) ; GulpZyigZni ( c a t . . 111. n o . 8 0 - 1 ) : Buruiiridi ( c a t . . o. 2 9 ) : Hakim 9 6 1 1 ( N o s h . ,

p.

Al-Moriisirn o l - ' A l a w i y y a w a ' I - o h k f i n a l - N o h o w i y y o Editions: Tehran, 1 2 7 6 (in the collection of 01-Jawcrni' 0 1 - f i q h i y y a ) ; Beirut, 1 4 0 0 Selected MSS: DZnishgZh 7 0 1 ( c a t . , V , p . 2 0 1 4 ) ; DZr al-Kutub (Fu'Zd Sayyid, I , p . 3 3 7 ) ; Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 7 9 2 1 2 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 8 4 ) ; Raaawi 2658 ( c a t . , p. 1 3 8 ) Abridgement: by al-Mubaqqiq, MS: uakim (AB, X X , pp. 2 0 7 - 8 )

IBN

AL-MUFID: -

L - ~ A L A S:~

AL-BARRAJ

:

J o w i j h i r 01-fiqh

fT

'Crnrnot f a r i j ' i p ' a h 1 o l - l s l i j r n MSS: Mar'ashi 2 4 3 1 4 , 7 8 1 4 ( c a t . , I , pp. 9 0 , 2 6 7 ) ; ( c a t . , VII, p . 1 4 ) ; KZshZni ( c a t . , p . 6 7 )

Majlis 8 1 1 3 Khu'i

Al-Muani'a

~ d i t i o i : Tabriz , 1 2 7 4 Selected MSS: Radawi 2 6 1 8 , 2 6 1 9 ( c a t . . 11. w . 1 2 5 ) : Malik 5883 (cat I , p . 7 2 7 ) ; ~ a ~ o i 1i2 7~2 a( c a t . , I , p . 2 6 9 ) ; ' Astina 6 0 0 4 ( c a t . , p . 1 9 3 ) ; SipahsilZr 2665 ( c a t . , I , p . 5 3 4 ) ; Radawiyya 28 ( c a t . , p p . 3 6 - 1 1 ; DZnishgih 6 6 9 6 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 3 3 5 ) ; Adabiyyit 2413 Kirmin ( c a t . , p . 2 5 ) ; Majlis 1 2 7 2 , 3 2 8 8 , 3 3 5 9 ( c a t . , IV, p. 9 6 , X, pp. 9 1 1 - 1 2 , 1 1 8 5 ) ; Mar'ashi 2 3 6 , 8 1 5 , 221913 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 6 1 , 111, p . 1 4 , VI, p. 208)

Edition: Tehran, 1 2 7 6 (in the collection of o l - J a w i i r n i ' a l - f i q h i y y a ) MSS: uakim 3 9 6 , 504 ( c a t . , I , p . 1 6 9 ) ; Radawi 6526 ( c a t . , V, p . 4 0 1 ) ; Majlis 8 8 5 4 ; Gulpiyigini 2 4 4 1 1 ( c a t . , I , p. 2 1 1 ) Al-Muhadhdhob

MSS: Radawi 2 5 9 8 , 7 8 5 8 , 8 0 3 1 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 1 1 9 - 2 0 ; Binish, p . 1 0 5 2 ) ; Gulpiyigini 1 8 8 7 ( c a t . , 11, pp. 9 6 - 7 1 ; Mar'ashi 4 4 1 1 2 ( c a t . , 11, p . 4 3 ) ; Majlis 322613 ( c a t . , X, p . 8 0 9 ) ; DZnishgZh 9 2 0 1 1 ( c a t . , V, p p . 2 0 7 7 - 8 ) L-SHAYKH: Al-Jurnal w o ' I - ' u q i i d

Editions: Tehran, n . d . (facsimile from a manuscript dated 7 8 9 ) ; Mashhad, 1 3 8 9

Selected MSS: Mashhad, Ilihiyyat 79211 ( c a t . , I , p.284); Majlis 4953110, 634216, 3082 ( c a t . , X, p.637, XIV, pp.229-30; WobTd, V, p . 299; c a t . of microfilms of Dinishgiih, I , p . 777) ; Princeton 1886110 New Series, 399214 Yahuda ( c a t . , p . 148); Amir al-Mu'minin 51211 (Nash., V , p . 412); Isfahiin, Diinishgiih 16929 ( c a t . , p.924); Gawharshid 112913 ( c a t . , p . 251); D i r al-Kutnb 1933813, 19908 ( c a t . , I , pp.221-2) -

-

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

AN INTRODUCTION TO ~ H i ' f LAW

64

N IJAMZA: A/-WasTlo iliS nay1 oi-fofllo Editions: T e h r a n , 1276 (in the collection of a/-Jawzmi' a/-fiqhiyyo); Najaf [1400?1 MSS: DZnishgZh 700, 693016 ( c a t . , V, pp.2102-3, XVI, p.404); Marcashi 291, 221913 ( c a t . , I , p.336, VI, p . 2 0 9 ) ; Milli, Arabic 197, 1799, 1945 ( c a t . , VIII, w. 171, X, pp.380, 623-4); Amir al-Mu'minin ~O a S ~ TV, , p.437); Sina 124 ( c a t . , I , ( c a t . , V, p.416); ~ a ' f a r i ~( N p.64); BakTm 3311 (Nosh., V, p . 422); Raaawi 8070 (Binish, p.1071); Nawwiib 232 law ( c a t . , p.481)

Al-Khiliif f= MosiS'il 01-khiliif Editions: Tehran, 1370, 1377; Qum, 1376, 1404 Selected MSS: Mahdawi 433 ( c a t . p . 170); Majlis 3093, 8785 ( c a t . , X, p.645; u u j j a t i , p . 664); Los Angeles MI63 ( c a t . , p.219); Tabriz, Qadi ( N o s h . , VII, p . 522); Kiishiin, AthXr-i Milli 199 ( N o s h . , IV, p . 357); Dinishgih 6283 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 234) Abridgement: b y Abu 'Ali Fadl b . Basan al-Tabrisi ( d . 5481, MSS: vakim 198 (Nowiidir, pp. 56-7); Malik 1308 ( c a t . , I , p.744); Majlis 5143 ( c a t . , XV, p.213)

N ZUHRA:

Editions: Tehran, 1270, 1387-93 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 276. 398. 2562. 2613 ( c a t . . I . ~ 0 . 3 0 4 .414. V I I , ~ 147, ~ . 193-4); Malik i12o ( c a t . , I , p.632); 'vajtfin' 518 i ~ a w i d i r , pp.52-4); British Library Or. 3585 (Riew, p p . 211-12); Los Angeles M1199 ( c a t . , p . 3 3 8 ) ; Radawi 2601, 2602 ( c a t . , 11, pp.120-1); Sin5 426 ( c a t . , I , p . 254); uaydariyya 586 ( c a t . , p . 3 0 ) ; Bankipore 1401 ( c a t . Arabic, I , p.102)

N I D R ~ :S

Al-NihiSyo IT mujarrad 01-fiqh wo 'I-fatiiwii Editions: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of ol-Jowiimi' ol-fiqhiyyo), 1383-4; Beirut, 1390 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 2 4 1 , 1840, 3126 ( c a t . , I , p.265, V, p.226, VII, p.358); Mahdawi 487 ( c a t . , p . 546); D i n i s h g i h 5467, 6237 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.17, 348) a n d microfilms 2095, 1713 ( c a t . , I , p . 396); Ja'fariyya ( c a t . , V , p . 437; AB, XXIV, p . 404); Agafiyya 10 S h i ' i law ( c a t . , 11, p.253); Malik 3970 ( c a t . , I , p.784); Princeton, Yahuda 2382, 134 ( c a t . , p . 137); Tabriz, Milli (Nosh., IV, p . 315); Majlis 2728 ( c a t . , IX, p p . 58-61) Translations: ( 1 ) Persian, anonymous (belonging to 5th-6th c e n t u r y ) , edited Tehran, 1373-4, 1383-4, MSS: vuqiiq 328j ( c a t . , p p . 57-81: Majlis 838 ( c a t . , 111, pp.69-70); Diinishgiih 29212, 1228 ( c a t . , 111, p . 156, VI, pp.2449-50); Milli 1901f ( c a t . , IV, pp.355-6); ( 2 ) Perisan, the chapter on holy war, b y Mubammad 'Ali al-Sirkini ( d . after 10331, MS: Waziri (cat. of microfilms of Diinishgiih, I , p p . 702-3) Commentaries: ( 1 ) on the first c h a p t e r , b y al-Mubaqqiq, a s t h e f i r s t chapter of his 01-Masii'il 01-Misriyya - see below; ( 2 ) Nukot 01-Nihiiyo, by the same author - sec below

IBN ABI 'L-MAJD: Ishiirat ol-sabq iiii mo'rifat a/-baqq Edition: Tehran, 1 2 7 6 (jn the collectjon of ~I-Jaurirmi'al-fiqh.iy)/o) MSS: vakim 396 ( c a t . , I , p . 5 3 ) ; Majlis 127212 ( c a t . , IV, p . 6 4 ) ; DZnishg2h 92019 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1776-7); Mashhad, Iliihiyyit, microfilm 93 ( c a t . , I , p.230) AL-~AHRASHT~: Isbiib al-ShT'a bi-misbiib 01-shorTCa MSS: Dinishgih 7 1 4 1 ( c a t . , XVI, p.464); Mar'ashi 345711 ( c a t . , IX, pp.255-6); KiishZn, 'iilifi ( N o s h . , XI-XII, p . 954)

Ghunyat ol-nuzii' Edition: Tehran, 1276 (in t h e collection of al-Jawiimi' 01-fiqhiyya) Selected MSS: Majlis, 2 MSS (AB, 11, p p . 441-2; Mahfii~I , p . 34; cat. of microfilnls of Diinishgih, I , 1.729); Gawharshiid 697 ( c a t . , p . 356); Danishgih 6868, 693015 ( c a t . , XVI, p p . 380, 404); Mar'ashi 447, 43211, 2219110 ( c a t . , 11, pp.35, 59, VI, p.210); Sipahsilir 2668 ( c a t . , I , p.487)

A/-5oriS'ir ol-b5wT li-tobrTr al-fotiSwT Edition: Tehran, 1270 Selected MSS: Radawi 5713 ( c a t . , V , pp.451-2); Majlis 4554 ( c a t . , XII, p p . 237-8); Mar'ashi 2603 ( c a t . , VII, p.186); Dinishgiih 6651 ( c a t . , XVI, p.326); a s t i n a 6336 ( c a t . , p . I271

A/-Mukhtosor ol-niifi ' Editions: India. 1267; T e h r a n , 1326; Cairo. 1376; Naiaf, 1384 Selected MSS: MiIli 1788 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p.371); Marcashi 506, 527, 1654, 1679 (Cat.. 11, D W . 112, 132, V , ~ v . 5 2 . 7 3 ) ; Radawi 8196 (Binish, p.995); 11ihiyyit xiid ( c a t . , 11, p.84j; ~ i n i s h g i his1711 ( c a t . , V I I I , p.206); Faydiyya 1378,1996 ( c a t . , I , pp. 235-6); Ann Arbor 99 (Nosh. X, p . 186); Leiden 96711 Warn. ( c a t . , IV, p.116); Princeton 153 New Series; British Library Or.4028 (Rieu, p.212); Agafiyya 178 S h i ' i law ( c a t . .. IV.. .u . 477) Translations: ( 1 ) Persian, anonymous (belonging to late 7thi13th cent u r y ) , edited Tehran, 1385, MS: Diinishgih 2407 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1027); (2) Persian, anonymous (belonging to 8th-9th c e n t u r i e s ) , MSS: Dihllhudii 252 ( c a t . , p . 390); Mashhad, I l i h i y y i t 190 ( c a t . , I , p . 43); ( 3 ) Persian, b y Mubammad Biiqir b . M . T a q i , MSS: Raaawi 2716 ( c a t . , V, p ,384) ; Bibliothsque Nationale 2234 ( c a t . IV, p . 189) ; ( 4 ) Persian, by 'Ali' al-Din b . Muhammad al-Qummi (early l l t h l l 7 t h c e n t u r y ) : MS: Gawharshad 1525 ( c a t . , p . 91); ( 5 ) Persian, b y Muhammad Siilih b . Sultan 'Ali a l - F a r i h i n i , MS: IsfahSn. ' U m E m i 3061 ( c a t . . I . u.66); MS: ~ e h r a n Parwina , ( c a t . of microfilms of (6) ~ e i s i a n anonymous, , Dinishgiih, 11, p . 209) Abridgement: ol-Muqtogar, by Ihn Diiwiid al-villi, MS: Majlis 404 Tabiitabii'i Commentaries: (.1 .) ol-mu etabar.. b "v the author - see below:. (.2 ). Kashf ~~. ol-rumCz, b y al-Abi - see below; ( 3 ) Tabs71 ol-moniifr', by Ibn Diwiid al-villi, MS: Rawdiiti (MaQfii3 I , p.16); ( 4 ) anonymous (written before 79011388); MS: Mar'ashi 2245 ( c a t . , VI, pp.230-1); ( 5 ) al-TanqTb ol-rii'i' , b y al-Miqdiid - see below; ( 6 ) 01-lv;uhodhdhob ol-biSri' , b y Ibn Fahd - see below; ( 7 ) b y al-Karaki, MSS: Adabiyyiit 6611d ( c a t . ,

66

AN INTRODUCTION TO SH?'? LAW p.200); Raaawi 2384, 2387, 6195 ( c a t . , 11, pp.52-4, V, p.413); IgfahZn, 'Umiimi 3090 ( c a t . , I , p.235); Bengal 623 ( c a t . , I , p.308); Masjid-i A'zam 979; Dinishgih 696313 ( c a t . , XVI, p.412); Princeton 234 New Series; I l i h i v d t 22514d ( c a t . .. I .. .0 . 2 6 2 ) ; Mailis 524012 ( c a t . . XVI, p . 251); guqiiq Bilzd, l l l b ( c a t . , pp.326, 443); KishZn, ~ a b a w i ( c a t . , p . 34); Fayaiyya 1 6 7 2 ( c a t . , I , p . 93); Leiden 96713 Warn. ( c a t . , IV, pp.116-17); Waziri 229016 ( c a t . , IV, p.1235); Raskt 4311 ( c a t . , p . 1193); Mashhad, ShZnachi (Nosh., V, p . 5 9 5 ) ; ( 8 ) IdEih a/-NEifi', by al-Qatif'i, MS: Malik 260412 (Diinishpizhiih,p. 4): ( 9 ) by al-Shahid a l - T h i n i , MSS: DinishgZh 1095 ( c a t . , V, p.1869); Majlis 534011 ( c a t . , XVI, p.251); (10) by 'Abd al-'Ali al-Karaki, MS: Yakim 211; (11) GhEiyal a/-marEim, by Sibib al-Madirik - see below; (12) Ghuror 01-mojiimi', by Niir al-Din 'Ali b . 'Ali b . IJusayn alMiisawi al-'Amili ( d . 1061-81, MS: IgfahZn, DinishgZh 16890 ( c a t . , p . 908; Nosh., V, p.300); (13) 01-Qiyii' 01-iEimiC, by Fakhr al-Din b . Mubarnmad 'A17 al-Turaybi al-Najafi ( d . 10851, MSS: Mar'ashi 1613 ( c a t . , V , p p . 15-16); Milli 22519f ( c a t . , I , pp.222-3); KishZni 94 ( c a t . , p . 193); (14) JEimi' a/-jowiimi', anonymous (belonging to late 12th-early 13th c e n t u r i e s ) , MS: Mar'ashi 2123 ( c a t . , VI, p . 135); (15) by Mubanmad 'Ali b . Mu'min ( d . a f t e r 12011, MS: F a r h i d Mu'tamid 147 ( c a t . . p . 189); (16) by 'Abd al-gamad al-Hamadini ( d . 1216), MS: Rasht 9812 ( c a t . , p p . 1203-4); (17) Riyc7Q'al-mosEi'i1, by SZbib al-Riyid - see below; (18) VadTqot 01-Mu'minTn, by the same author - see below; (19) Mojmo' al-maso'il, by 'Ali b . Muhammad al-Baraghiini (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: RawGZti (Mu'allim, V, p p . 17089 ) ; (20) by Mas% b . Mubammad S a ' i d al-TihrZni ( d . 12631, MS: Masjid-i Jimi' 1 6 1 ( c a t . , p . 327); (21) by iblnbammad b . IJusayn alRadawi ( d . 1266), MS: Radawi 6741 ( c a t . , V, p.459); (22) MashiTririq 01-onwEir, by Awrang ZTb b . Muhammad Taqi al-Qijir ( d . after 12691, MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXI, p . 3 3 ) ; (23) a/-MonEifi', by Mubarnmad b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Kishini ( d . 12691, MS: Khiligi ( c a t . , pp.77, 124-5); (24) TawEili' a/-IowiTmi', by Muhammad Taqi b . 'Abd al-RiaZ al-Miisawi al-Khishti ( d . around 12751, MS: Tustariyya 800 ( c a t . , p . 806); (25) by Mubammad KZvim b . 'Ali Naqi al-Rashti alLangariidi ( d . artcr 1281), MS: Faydiyya 1117 ( c a t . , l , p.158); (26) 01-Bahr 01-IEimi' , by Muhammad Ibrihim b . Muhammad Mahdi alQ i s h l i q i ( d . 12881, MSS: Mar'ashi 3491 ( c a t . , IX, pp.288-9); Faydiyya 837, 893, 894 ( c a t . , 1, pp.30-1); (27) a/-BurhEin a/-qiiLiC, by 'Ali b . Ri* A1 Babr alh'U1iim ( d . 12981, edited Tehran, 1291-2, MS: Dinishgih 750 ( c a t . , V, p . 1791); (28) 01-AnwEir a/-Ro@owiyya, by Muhammad RiGZ b . Ismi'il al-Miisawi al-ShirZzi ( d . around 1302), edited Tehran, 1287; (29) by Jamil al-Din b . 'Ali al-Miisawi (13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Mar'ashi 292912 ( c a t . , VIII, p.120); (30) Muntoqod a/-moniifi*, by uabib Allah b . 'Alimadad al-Kishini ( d . 13401, edited T e h r a n , 1394; (31) JiTmi' 01-madEirik, by Abmad b . Yiisuf alKhwinsZri - see below; (32-6) five anonymous or unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: Majlis 505911 ( c a t . , XV, pp.23-1); ( b ) Persian, MS: Malik 2632 ( c a t . , 11, p.204); ( c ) MS: Astina 6386 ( c a t . , p.135); ( d ) MS: Majlis 9067; ( e l MS: Astina 6331 ( c a t . , p.135)

-

A I-mu stabor Edition: Tehran, 1318 MSS: Majlis 1322, 3294 ( c a t . , IV, p . 94, X , p p . 915-16); Radawi 2834 ( c a t . , V, p.508); Mar'ashi 1029, 1367, 1584 ( c a t . , IV, pp.35-6, 140-1, 390); Mahdawi 809 ( c a t . , p . 171); F a r h i d Mu'tamid 188 ( c a t . , p.243); DZnishgZh 6 4 1 1 ( c a t . , XVI, p.261); Waziri 1607 ( c a t . , 111, p.1001); Ustidi ( c a t . , p.58)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS ~ u k o 01-NihEiyo t Edition: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of 01-Jowcmi' 01-fiqhiyya) MSS: Dinishgih 6746 ( c a t . , XVI, p.352); Radawi 2665, 2666 (Cat., 11, p . 140); Malik 2102 ( c a t . , I , pp.776-7) ShorEi'i' 01-lslCm Editions: Najaf, 1389 and many others (see Mushir, cols. 537-8) Selected MSS: Majlis 466 TabitabZ'i; 9556, 7717; Yazd, 'Uliimi (Nosh., IV, p ,440) ; Bankipore 920-1 ( c a t . , Arabic, I , p . 91) ; Mar'ashi 202,3190, 3787 ( c a t . , I , p.232, VI1, p.411, X, p.172); Sin; 868 ( c a t . , 11, p . 7 9 ) ; Mashhad, IlZhiyyit 258 ( c a t . , 1, p p . 154-5); Buriijirdi ( c a t . , p.20); ljakim 431 (NowEidir, pp.45-7); 'Amira, Shakkira (Mabfiiz 11, p.207); Nawwib 40 law ( c a t . , p.450); Gawharshid 1029 ( c a t . , p.312) Translations: ( 1 ) JEimiS-i RodowT, Persian, by 'Abd al-Ghani b . Abii TZlib al-Kishmiri (mid-12th century), edited Locknow, 1307, MSS: Dacca Du 373 ( c a t . , I , p p . 269-70) ; Agafiyya 1186; Bankipore 1260 ( c a t . Persian, I , p . 201); ( 2 ) Persian, by Abu '1-Qisim b . Abmad alYazdi (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) , edited T e h r a n , 1387-94, MSS: DinishgZh 6603 ( c a t . , XVI, p.306); uuqiiq, 85b ( c a t . , pp.53-4); ( 3 ) Nojiit olmu'minii?, Persian, by Muhammad Kizim, MS: Cawharshad 812 ( c a t . , 1 (.4 ), Persian. t h e c h a ~ t e ron endowment, by Mubarnmad Basan al-Adib al-Kirmani , MS: Adabiyyit 62 uikmat ( c a t . ,- p.8); ( 5 ) JiTmiLi Ja'forT, Urdu, by 'Abid uusayn b . Bakhshish Busayn al-Angiri ( d . 1330), edited Locknow, 1333; ( 6 ) Rawo'i' a/-ohkiim, Hindi, by Mubarnmad s i d i q al-Kishmiri , edited Locknow, 1315-17; ( 7 ) Persian, anonymous, MS: Los Angeles 111350 ( c a t . , p.1.8); ( 8 ) Droit musulmon, Recuil de lois concernant les Musulmans schyiles, French, by A . Q u e r r y , edited Paris, 1871-2 AD Commentaries: (1) by Najm al-Din Ja'far al-Zihdazi (early 8th cent u r y ) , MS: Majlis 5508 ( c a t . , XVI, p.409); ( 2 ) Chiiyat a/-mariim, by Muflib al-Qaymari - see below; ( 3 ) Fowii'id 01-Shorii'i', by al-Karaki - see below; (4) by Yusayn b . Muflih al-Saymari ( d . 933), MS: Dinishgih 262114 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1496); ( 5 ) by al-Shahid al-Thini - see below; ( 6 ) MosEilik 01-ofhiTm, by the same author - see below; ( 7 ) Madiirik 01-ohkiim, by sahib al-MadZrik, see below; ( 8 ) by alDZmid, MS: SipahsZlir 729712 ( c a t . , IV, p.203); ( 9 ) Sharh khutbol ol-Shora'i', by MuQammad Taqi b . Abu 'I-Yasan al-!Jusayni alAstarZbidi (mid-11th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Radawi 2487 ( c a t . , 11, p . 86); (10) by Mubarnmad b . JJasan alkShirwZni ( d . 1098), MS: DinishgZh 7095 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 4 5 5 ) ; (11) Safl~lo-yi tawflq, Persian, by 'Abd al-$amad b . 'Ashiir al-Tabrizi (late l l t h c e n t u r y ) , MS: Masjid-i A'vam 498; (12) Muelornod 01-onlim, by Mubarnmad gidiq b . Mul~ammad (late l l t h c e n t u r y ) , MSS: GawharshZd 438 ( c a t . , p.401); Mar'ashi 2811 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 1 3 ) ; (13) by 'Ali b . Mubamrnad al-'Amili ( d . 11031, MSS: India Office 1789 ( c a t . , 11, p . 306); SipahsZlir 260014 ( c a t . , IV, p.204); sahib al-Dhari'a (AB, VI, p.108); (14) by Muhammad gilib al-Astaribddi (early 12th century), MS: Mahdawi 592115 ( c a t . , p . 126); (15) FowEi'id 01-morEim, anonymous (written before 11071, MS: Najaf, Madrasat a l S a y y i d (AB, XVI, pp.358-9); (16) by Jawid b . 'A17 b . 'Abd al-'Lli al-Maysi ( d . after 1117), MS: Dinishgih 5252 ( c a t . , XV, pp.418-19); 1 1 7 ) Mo'iirij al-ohkiim, by Uusayn b . Mubarnmad IbrZhim al-JJusayni al-Qazwini ( d . 12081, MSS: Qazwin, JJajj Sayyid Jawidi (Nosh., VI, p.351); Fayaiyya 99, 389 (Cat., I , p p . 257-9); Radawi 7254 ( c a t . , V , p.507); SulaymZn Khin 7 ( c a t . , p.21); Nawwib 250 law ( c a t . , p . 477); Khiligi ( c a t . , p.116); Igfahin, DZnishgZh 16650 ( c a t . , p . 916); Mar'ashi 1916, 2410, 2434 ( c a t . , V, pp.287-8, VII, pp.10, 28); DinishgZh 997-9, 6600110 ( c a t . , V , p p . 2052-4, X V I , p . 306); Majlis 1 1 4 4 T a b i t a b i ' i ; SipahsZlZr 2697

68

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

( c a t . , V, p . 5 9 4 ) ; Malik 3526 ( c a t . , 1, p.692); Waziri 178119 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1053); (18) Babr a l - b o q i i ' i q , by 'Abd al-samad al-Hamadini , MS: Majli? 5916 ( c a t . , XVII, pp.303-5); (19) Maniihij a/-obkiim, by 'Abd alFcA1i b . Umid 'Ali al-Rashti ( d . a f t e r 12251, MS: Mar'ashi 2008 ( c a t . , VI, p . 11): (20) by Muhammad Taqi b . Abmad al-Uusayni al-Tiliqani ( d . after 12261, MS: Amir al-Mu'minin 1698 CAB, XV, p.55); (21) Wodii'i' ol-obkiirn, by Zayn alFaLbidin b . g u s a y n alT a b i t a b i ' i , MS: g u q u q 142b ( c a t . , p . 502); (22) Mu'tomod a/-obkiim, by Khalaf b . gasan b . Mubammad '&al-tli'iri li ( d . after 12321, MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XXI, p.212); (23) Iq'iib al-koliim, by g u s a y n b . Muhammad 'Ali al-A'sam al-Najafi ( d . 12371, MSS: gakim 1152 ( c a t . , I, 8 D'anishgah 6892 ( c a t . , XVI, p.390); RarJawi 2 2 4 2 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 1 ) ; (24) Kashf o l - j o l i i m , by Mubsin b . MurtadZ al-A'sam al-Najafi ( d . 12381, MSS: Gharb 110012, 1107, 1222 ( c a t . , p p . 175, 289); Gawharshid 1438, 1448 ( c a t . , p.377); Mar'ashi ( N o s h . , VI, p.384); (25) Migbiib 01-ijtihiid, by Muhammad Ibrihim b . Bahrim Khalaj alKharaqZni ( d . aftcr 1243), MS: 'Abd al-'Avim 347-8 ( c a t . , p.477); (26) o l - D h o r i i ' i ' , by 'Abd al-gusayn b . Muhammad 'A17 al-A'sam al-Najafi ( d . 12471, MS: Radawi 7659 (Binish, p.772); (27) K h a g i i ' i ~ b . Muhammad $ilib al-Qazwini ( d . 1250), ol-o'liim, by 'Abd al-Ra4m.n MS: Majlis 180811 ( c a t . , IX, p.406); (28) b y 'A17 b . Ja'far al-Najfi A1 Kishif al-Ghiti' ( d . 12531, MS: Gharb 1101 ( c a t . , p.100); (29) Moyiili' o l - o n w i i r , by al-Shafti - see below, chapter 6 ; (30) Kashf 01-qinii' ' a n 01-obkfm, by Mubammad Kazirn al-HamadZnT ( d . a f t e r 12521, MS: Biqiriyya ( A B , XVIII, pp.52-3);(31) by Mustafa b . Mubammad al-Khu'i ( d . a f t e r 1252), MS: Waziri 2310 ( c a t . IV, p . 1244); (32) al-MorghGb, by Muhammad Mahdi b . 'Ali al-GiGni ( d . after 12541, MSS: Gawharshad 1233 ( c a t . , p.390); Mar'ashi 2116 ( c a t . , VI, p p . 128-9); Milli 1894 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 546); Malik 2737 ( c a t . , I , p.662); (33) Shawiiri' o l - S h a r i i ' i ' , by Basan b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Yazdi al-Mudarris ( d . after 12561, &lSS: Danishgih 1388, 6870 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 72, XVI, p.386); Waziri 208311 ( c a t . , IV, p.1154); (34) DhokhTrot a l - b a y ' z ' i ' , by Ni'mat Allah b . 'Abd Allih (written before 1255), MS: Malik 2084 ( c a t . , I , p.323); (35) by Abu 'l-fjasan b . Mubarnmad H i d i al-gusayni al-Tunukibuni ( d . after 1255), MS: Buriijirdi ( c a t . , p p . 8, 15); (36) 01-NGr 01-siiri', anonymous (written before 1256), MS: IJusayniyya Kashif al-Ghiti' (AB, XIII, p . 331, XXIV, p.369); (37) a l - F o w i i ' i d , by Ibrihim al-Lihiji ( d . after 1256), MS: ~ a r ' a s h i ( i b i d . , XVI, p.355); (38) by Dawiid b . Asad Allah alBuriijirdi (late 13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Mar'ashi 1478 ( c a t . , IV, p . 269); (39) D o l f ' i l 01-obkzm, by Ibrahim b . Mubammad Baqir al-Miisawi al-Qazwini ( a . 12621, MSS: Majlis 4429-30 ( c a t . , XII, pp. 118-19); Hengal 620 ( c a t . , I , p . 306); Mathaf 3629 ( c a t . , 1, p . 237); Radawi 7652-4 (Binish, pp.754-5); Malik, 3025 ( c a t . , 1, p.312); Waziri 575 ( c a t . , 11, p.486); kIuqiiq 189-90j ( c a t . , pp.338-9); Masjid-i A'vam 11789-90 ; Fakim, 9 MSS; KarbalZ', Tu'ma, 4 MSS (Tu'ma 11, p p . 102-5); Zanjini 80 ( c a t . , p.226); (40) Koshf oi-ibhiim, b y Muhammad 'Ali b . Illaqsiid 'Ali al-MizandarZn7 al-KZzimi ( d . 1264-6), MS: s i b i b a l - ~ h a r i ' a CAB, XVII, pp.6-7); (41) Manhaj o l - i j t i h i i d , by Mubarnmad Taqi b . Mubammad al-Barghini ( d . 12631, MSS: Dinishgih 1829, 2791 ( c a t . , VIII, p.426, X, p . 1642); Gulpiyigzni 203, 207 ( c a t . , I , p p . 181,183); Mar'ashi 1233, 2406, 2720-1 ( c a t . , VII, pp.7-8, 246, 285-6); Faydiyya 81, 83, 9 6 , 102 ( c a t . , 1, p p . 281-2); gujjatiyya 513 ( c a t . , p . 92); Masjid-i A'vam 15346; KhayrZt Khan 64-5 ( c a t . , p . 1771); RaQawi 1597, 6664, 7054, 7252 ( c a t . , 11, p.119, V , pp.521-2; Binish, p . 1084); Malik 2744 ( c a t . , I , p . 755); Arni~. 21-Mu'minin (AB, XIII, p1).317-18); Tabriz, Q a d i ( N o s h . , VII, p . 523); RawQZti (Mu'allim, V, pp.1712-13); (42) Persian, by the same author, MSS:

69

Marcashi 2332 ( c a t . , VI, pp.311-12, 397); Gharb 4503 ( c a t . , p.49); (43) by Mubammad T i h i r al-RZnakCi'i al-ua'iri ( d . a f t e r 1265), MS: Mar'ashi 2323 ( c a t . , VI, p p . 302-3); (44) Jawiihir al-kolCm, by $:bib al-Jawzhir - see below; (45) by Mubammad b . uusayn al-Radawi, MS: RaQawi 6493 ( c a t . , V , p . 458); (46) Hiiw'iol-mariirn, by MuPammad Biqir al-Gulpiyigini ( d . after 12681, MSS: ljuqiiq l l 7 j ( c a t . , p.327); GulpiyigZni 6-7 ( c a t . , I , p p . 70-4); (47) NofabCt ol-ilhiim, by 'Abd al-vusayn al-Qazwini ( d . a f t e r 1270), MS: Mar'ashi 1517 ( c a t . , IV, p.318); (48) by 'Ali al-Khwinsiri al-Hamadini ( d . after 1270), MS: Gharb 4721 ( c a t . , p.146); (49) by Muhammad Biqir b . Ja'far alMarBghi ( d . a f t e r 1274), MS: Mar'ashi 3502 ( c a t . , IX, p p . 201-2); (50) by H i d i b . Muhammad s i l i h al-Kirminshihi ( d . after 1280), MS: Majlis 5418 ( c a t . , XVl, p.327); (51) Madiirik ol-obkiim, by Mahdi al-Qumsha'i a l - I ~ f a h a n i( d . 1281), MS: s i b i b al-Dhari'a (AB, XIII, p.330); (52) JCmi' al-jowiirni', by gasan b . Muhsin al-A'raji alKBgirni (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) , MS : Khzlisi ( c a t . , p . 85) ; (53) by Muhammad 'Ali b . MuPammad BBqir al-Shafti ( d . 1282), MS: Mar'ashi 199513 ( c a t . , V , p.367); (54) by 'Ali b . 'Abd al-Ghaffar ( d . after 12881, MS: Mar'ashi 339312 (cat.., IX, p.180); (55) o l - D u r r o olu i i ' i r i y y o , by 'Ali Naqi b . Basan al-Tabitabi'i (d. 1289), edited I r a n , n . d . , MS: Majlis 5426 ( c a t . , XVI, p.331); (56) by Asad Allih b . Mubarnmad Biqir al-Miisawi al-Shafti ( d . 12901, MS: GulpiyigZni 126 ( c a t . , I , p . 126); (57) by Miis5 b . Fadl Allah al-ljusayni alHamadani ( d . after 1295), MS: Raaawiyya 36 ( c a t . , I , p p . 22-3); (58) by Mubammad b . Muhammad gasan al-Radawi al-Tiisi ( d . after 12911, MS: Radawi 7259 ( c a t . , V, p.384); (59) by Ja'far al-gusayni al-SabzawBri ( d . around 1292). MS: Biqirivya (AB, XIII, p.318); (60) by Mubarnmad b . 'Ashiir a l - ~ i r m 5 n s h i h ? (late 13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Mar'ashi 3110 ( c a t . , VIII, KID. 333-4); (61) by 'Ali b . Khalil al-Tihrini ( d . 12961, MS: ~ a l i k - 1 4 4 9( c a t . , I , p.412); (62) Mowiihib o l - o f h t i n , by Mubarnmad Mahdi b . Basan al-Qazwini ( d . 13001, MS: uakim; (63) Mokhiizin 01-obkiim, by Mubarnmad B i q i r b . Zayn al'iibidin al-Yazdi ( d . around 1300), MS: klakim 33 ( N o s h . , V, p.433); (64) . . b v Muhammad Kizim b . 'Ali Naoi al-Langariidi (late 13th cent u r y ) , MS: ~ a y d i ~ ~ a ' l(lcla7t . , I , p.158); 765) ol-Risiilu al-Roq'owiyyo, by RiQi al-Tabrizi (late 13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: L3uqiiq 53j ( c a t . , p p . 355-6) ; (66) 0 1 - u a q z ' i q , by 'Ali b . Mubarnmad s i d i q alKhwitEnibidi (12th-13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: GulpiyigZni 76 ( c a t . , I , pp .82-3); (67) by Mubarnmad Mahdi al-Kujiiri ( d . 1293), MS: S h i r i z , Wisil ( N o s h . , V, p . 2 9 2 ) ; (68) by J a m 3 al-Din b . 'Ali al-Miisawi, MS: Mar'ashi 292918 ( c a t . , VII, p . 1 2 2 ) ; (69) Mojrno' 01-obkfm, by 'Ali Mubarnmad b . 'Ali al-klusayni, MS: Waziri 150 ( c a t . , 1, p p . 183 7 ) ; (70) by Mubarnmad Amin al-AhZri al-Mishkini, MS: Mar'ashi 2307 ( c a t . , VI , p . 290) ; (71) by Mubammad b . gasan al-Langarudi , MS: gakim 2057; (72) by 'Ali ul-Duzdari, MS: Mar'ashi 2574 ( c a t . , VII, p . 162); (73) by 'Abd al-WahhZb b . Ahmad al-Maballzti, MS: Ilahiyyit 61512d ( c a t . , I , p . 341); (74) Dold'il al-abkiim, by Mubarnmad gusayn b . Mubammad 'Ali al-Tabib al-TihrZni, MS: Malik 1740 ( c a t . , I , p . 3 (75) Kiishif a/-ibhiirn, by Qisim b . Mubarnmad al-Najafi, MS: Mar'ashi 2873 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 8 1 ) ; (76) 01-MawiihLb 01-Charowiyyo, by 'Abd al-Baqi b . 'Ali al-Miisawi, MSS: GulpiyigZni 391-2 ( c a t . , 1, p . 325); (77) D o q i i ' i q 01-ofhiim, anonymous, MS: Shirizi (AB, VIII, p ,234) ; (78) Jiimi' 01-abkiim, by Muhammad b . kIasan al-A'raji alKZvimi ( d . 13031, MS: Khilisi ( c a t . , p.55); (79) by ' A b b i s b . Mubammad g u s a y n al-JagZni ( d . 13061, MS: Khilisi ( c a t . , pp.83-5); (80) by 'Ali b . Zayn alb'iibidin (written before 13071, MS: Majlis 4 2 1 T a b i t a b i ' i ; (81) Lowiimi' o l - n i k i i t , a collection of the lectures of al-Ansari - see below; (82) H i d i i y o t ol-oniim, by Mubarnmad g u s a y n

"

~

.

70

A N INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'ILAW

b . Hashim a l - K i ~ i m i ( d . 13081, edited, Najaf, 1330-1, MSS: RaJawi 8099-8101 (Binish, p p . 1074-6) ; (83) Kashf a/-gin:' , by Muljammad Rabim b . Muhammad al-Buriijirdi ( d . 1309), MS: Malik 2695 ( c a t . , I , p . 596); (84) by Mubammad Busayn &'Arab al-Dimid ( d . after 1310), MSS:Majlis 9526-34; (85) DharC'i' al-onfm, by Abmad al-Mali'iri (written before 1310), MSS: Mar'ashi 3295 ( c a t . , IX, pp.77-8); Masjid-i A'vam 1084; (86) by Muhammad 'Ali b . Mubarnmad s i d i q al-Raaawi ( d . 13111, MS: Raaawi 6524 ( c a t . , V, p.490); (87) Ma'Crif ol-abkiim, by Mahdi b . gilibal-Tabitabi'i al-JJakim ( d . 13121, MS: JJakim (AB,XXI, p . 189); (88) ShawZri' 01-o'lfm, by Muhammad JJusayn b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Shahrastini ( d . 13151, MS: vuqiiq 2483' ( c a t . , p.394); (89) WodC'i' a / - n u b u w w o , by H i d i al-Tihrini - see below; (90) by Yiisuf b . Mubammad RiOZ al-GilZni ( d . after 13211, MSS: Mar'ashi 1235-6 ( c a t . , IV, pp.34-5); (91) MizbCb 01-foqTh, by Rioi al-HamadZni - see below; (92) D h o r C ' i C 01-obliim, by Muhammad JJasan al-Mimaqini - see below; (93) by JJasan b . Abmad al-JJusayni alK i s h i n i ( d . 13421, MS: RaJawi 7176 ( c a t . , V, p.411); (94) by Mahdi b . JJusayn al-KhZlisi ( d . 13431, edited Mashhad, 1342; (95) Muntohf maqCsid a/-oniim, by 'Abd AIlih b . Muhammad JJasan al-Mimaqini ( d . 13511, edited Najaf, 1348-9; (96) by Muzaffar b . Mu&mmad 'Ali al-uusayni al-Rashti, MS: Mar'ashi 124611 ( c a t . , IV, p . 4 4 ) ; (97) MiftCb al-koliim, by MuPammad IIishim b . 'Abd Allih al-Tasiiji al-Khu'i ( d . 1358) edited Tabriz,1345; (98) by Mubammad JJusayn b . Hibat Allah al-Raaawi al-KZshZni ( d . 13851, MS: Kashin, RaJawi ( c a t . , p . 36); (99-114) sixteen anonymous or unidentified commentarics: ( a ) Persion, MSS: AdabiyyZt 44b ( c a t . , p.335); Majlis (WobTd, IV, p.646); ( b ) MS: Fayoiyya 670 ( c a t . , I , p.150); ( c ) MS: Waziri 376712 ( c a t . , V, p.1788); ( d ) MS: Milli 119712 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p . 186); ( e l MS: Majlis 81110 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p.90); ( f ) MS: RaJawi 55511 law ( c a t . , V, p.366); ( g ) MS: NawwZb 17012 jurisprudence ( c a t . , p.470); ( h ) MS: FayJiyya 14113 ( c a t . , 111, p . 5 ) ; ( i ) MS: Tustariyya 610 ( c a t . , p.803); ( j ) MS: Masjid-i A'vam 259; ( k ) SipahsZlir 668311 ( c a t . , IV, p . 204); (1) MS: GawharshZd 521 ( c a t . , p.324); (m) MS: Sulaymin Khin 52 ( c a t . , p . 1 3 ) ; ( n ) MSS: Gawharshad 472, 487 ( c a t . , p.324); ( 0 ) MS: U s t i d i ( c a t . , p.23); ( p ) MS: NawwZb 201 law ( c a t . , p.461) AL-AB~: Koshf 01-rumiiz

MSS: Mar'ashi 205, 1263 ( c a t . , I , p.235, IV, p.68); Gawharshad 1300 ( c a t . , p.377); Raoawi 2533 ( c a t . , 11, p . 101); SipahsZlZr 2268 ( c a t . , I , p.481); DinishgZh 721 ( c a t . , V, pp.1984-7)

YAJJYA

B. SA'TD

Jiimi' 01-sharii'i'

MSS: Tustariyya (AB, V, p . 6 1 ) ; Majlis 4775, 432512 ( c a t . , XII, p.19, XIII, pp.172-3); DinishgZh 147612, 100512 ( c a t . , V, p.1984, VIII, p.128); IlZhiyyit 45212d ( c a t . , I , p.302); JJuqiiq 21613j ( c a t . , pp ,419-20) ; Princcton 96012 New Series; SipahsilZr 2660 ( c a t . , I , p.387, IV, p p . 12-13); Masjid-i A'vam 4346 ANONYMOUS (written in 698): JCmi' 01-khilCf wo ' I - w i f i i q bayn a/-ImCmiyyo wa b'immot 01-UijCz wo ,I- ' l r i i q

MS: Danishgih 6702 ( c a t . , XVI, p.336)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

-

71

IrshCd a/-adhhzn

Editions:

Tehran, 1272; Qurn, 1403-4 (both together with al-Ardabilils

Mojma* a / - f i ' i d o wo ' I - b u r h C n )

Selected MSS: Radawi 2222 ( c a t . , 11, p . 5 ) ; Mailis 4941, 287011, 464511 ( c a t . , X, pp.218-19, XIII, p.33; X I V , pp.170-1); ~ a r ' a s h i 2805, 961, 1487, 3363 ( c a t . , 111, p.153, IV, p.284, VIII, p . 7 , IX, p.138; N o s h . , VI, p.356); Dinishgih 3665, 722, 3560 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1771-4, XII, p p . 2580, 2675) ; Topkapi Sarayi 1082 Arabic ( c a t . , 11, n.764): . . Princeton. New Series 318. 826. 1329. 1444: Guluivitzini . . " 50 (cat., I, i ( c a t . , I , p.63); ~ a l i k2320 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 9 ) ; ~ e n g a 630 p p . 311-12); Leningrad 76 ( N o s h . , VIII, p . 103); Berlin S p r . 652 ( c a t . , IV, p . 133); Daca DU 392 ( c a t . , 11, p . 533); Ambrosiana C.134 ( c a t . , 11, p . 187); Dar al-Kutub 21262b, 23235b ( c a t . , I , p.34) Commentaries: ( 1 ) by Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin - see below; ( 2 ) D u r a r 01-niqCd, by 'Abd al-Rabmin b . Mubammad aIEcAti'iqi ( d . after 7791, MS: DZnishgZh 1280 ( c a t . , VII, p.2711); ( 3 ) GhCyot 01-murCd, by al-Shahid al-Awwal - see below; ( 4 ) K h u l f $ o t a/-tanqTb,by Ibn Fahd al-AbsZ'i - see below; ( 5 ) To'lTq a / - I r s h C d , by al-Karaki - see below; ( 6 ) by Niir al-Din 'A17 b . 'Abd al-'A17 al-Maysi ( d . 9381, MS: alImim al-Sadia (Mabfiiz 11. u.250); ( 7 ) 01-HCd7 ilo ' I - r o s h z d , bv al-Qatifi; MSS: ~ i l i k 2723 ' ( c a t . , I , p.801); RaJawi 2678, 8163 ( c a t . , 11, pp.143-4; Binish, p . 1074); Rawditi ( A B , X X V , p.150) ( 8 ) a second commentary by ihe same author, MS: RaJawi f5111 law ( c a t . , V, p.468, footnote 2 ) ; ( 9 ) b y al-Shahid a l - T h i n i , MSS: Mar'ashi 3354 ( c a t . , IX, p.131); RaJawi 6 law ( c a t . , 11, pp.3-4); Ustidi ( c a t . , p . 5 ) ; (10) Raw@ a / - j i n C n , by t h e same author - see below; (11) by JJusayn b . 'Abd al-$amad al-'Hmili, MS: JJakim 1 1 0 2 ; (12) Mojmo' a/-boyCn, by 'Ali b . JJusayn al-gi'igh al-'Amili (late 10th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Dinishgih 441212 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3375); (13) Majmo' 01-fC'ido wa ' I - b u r h C n , by al-Ardabili - see below; (14) Manhaj 01sodCd, by 'Abd al-'iili al-Karkai, MS: Sipahsilir 248611 ( c a t . , I , p.440, V, p.681); (15) a / - I q t i z C d , by 'Abd al-Nabi b . Sa'd al-Jazi'iri ( d . 1021), MSS: Majlis 5886 ( c a t . ,-XVII, p.281); Mar'ashi (AB, 11, p.268); (16) by B a h i ' al-Din alECAmili,MS: Dinishgih 1983 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 592); (17) by Jawid b . 'Alial-Karaki (mid-11th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Mar'ashi (AB, VI, p.22); (18) BurhCn ol-sadiid, by Mubarnmad b . Ahmad b . Khitiin alkCAmili ( d . after 10391, MS: Rawoiti ( c a t . , I , p p . 372 i f ) ; (19) Thomarat 01-jinCn , b y Mubarnmad b . Mabmiid alTabasi ( d . after 10581, MSS: IlihiyyZt l l j , 96b ( c a t . , I , pp.502-3); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 106 ( c a t . , I , p p . 6 1 2 ) ; (20) DhokhTrat a / - m a ' i i d , by al-SabzawZri - see below; (21) by al-Mibilzi, MS: Najaf, J a z i ' i r i ( N o s h . , VII, p.716); (22) by al-FiJil al-Hindi, MS: Gulpiyigini 1613 ( c a t . , 11, p . 107) ; (23) MustaqgC a / - i j t i h t d , by JJusayn b . Mubammad IbrZhim al-Qazwini , MSS: Buriijirdi ( c a t . , p . 38) ; JJuquq 119 b ( c a t . , pp.462-3); (24) TanqTb 01-boyCn, by Nagr Allih b . JJasan al-JJusayni al-Astaribidi ( d . a f t e r 1236), MSS: Sipahsilir 2483-5 ( c a t . , I , p.438, 111, p p . 517-8); Majlis 433212 ( c a t . , XII, p p . 23-4); (25) Monhaj a/-sadiid, by Abmad b . 'Ali Mukhtar al-GulpZyigZni (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) , MSS: GulpiyigZnT 190, 2 7 6 ( c a t . , I , pp.172, 241); Mar'ashi 2467, 2728 ( c a t . , VII, pp.60, 290-1) ; (26) Konz -a/-fawC'id, by Mu'min al-Ardabili (mid13th c e n t u r y ) , MSS: Nurbakhsh 125 ( c a t . , I , p p . 150-1); Rawaiti ( c a t . , I , p p . 244 f f ) ; (27) TorTq a/-roshCd, by Mubarnmad Kiqim b . Mubammad R i a i al-Tabari (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) , MSS: Fayoiyya 318, 506, 1096 ( c a t . , 1, p . 181); (28) Nohj 01-sadiid, by Mubarnmad RiJi b . Mu'~ammadJa'far al-Tabrizi ( d . after 12581, MS: Mar'ashi 1252 ( c a t . , IV, pp.54-5); (29) by Mubarnmad HZdi b . Mubammad Biqir al-Sharif at-Khu'i ( d . after 1258), MS: Masjid-i A ' z n m 428; (30) GhanTmat a/-ma'Cd, by Mubarnmad $Zlib b . L~~

72

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW Mubarnmad al-Baraghini (d.1275), MSS: Milli 1939 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 419); Majlis 4438 ( c a t . , XII, p . 122); Sipahsilir 8196 ( c a t . , V, p.353); Nawwiib 214 law ( c a t . , p.463); Khayrit Khin 71 ( c a t . , p.1753); Ma'had 1165 ( c a t . , p.102); Mar'ashi 2449 ( c a t . , VII, p.47); Waziri 357 ( c a t . , I , p.331); Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid (AB., XVI, p . 7 1 ) ; (31) Moslok ol-riishid7n, by t h e same author, MSS: Ragawi 2831 ( C a t . , V, p.504); Mar'ashi 2436, 2668 ( c a t . , VII, p p . 30,247); Majlis 8464; gujjatiyya 514 ( c a t . , p . 8 4 ) ; Faydiyya 951 ( c a t . , I , p.136); (32) by 'Ali Akbar b . Ibriihim al-KhwinsZri ( d . 12711, MSS: Gulpiyigini 160-2 ( c a t . , I , pp.146, 148-50); (33) Monhoj 01-roshiid, by Mubarnmad J a ' f a r b . Muhammad Ibrihim al-Kalbisi ( d . 12921, MS: Rawgiti ( c a t . , pp ,227 f f ) ; (34) Muttadid al-Shi'a, anonymous (written in 1277), MS: Malik 1875 ( c a t . , I , p.697); (35) by Mubammad Mahdi b . Mubammad Ibrihim al-Kalbisi ( d . 1278), MS: Ma'had 1470 ( c a t . , p.123); (36) by al-Angiri - see below; (37) by Mubarnmad g a s a n b . Mubarnmad gilib al-Baraghini ( d . after 12881, MS: Mar'ashi 340411 ( c a t . , IX, p . 187); (38) by 'Abd al-gusayn b . 'Ali al-Baraghini ( d . around 12901, MS: Mar'ashi (AB., XIII, p . 7 7 ) ; (39) by Mubarnmad Biqir b . Murtaai al-Tabitabi'i al-Yazdi ( d . 12981, MS: Mar'ashi 76515 ( c a t . , 11, p.375); (40) at-Duror at-mon?Limo, by Mubammad b . Mubammad TZhir al-Tunukibuni (13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Majlis 191518 ( c a t . , IX, pp.571-2); (41) Persian, by 'Abd al-Salim a l - A n s i r i , MS: Dinishgih 4408 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3368); (42) by Mubammad 'Ali b . Zayn al-'Abidin al-NClri, MS: Waziri 376812 ( c a t . , V, p . 1789); (43) DhokhTrat al-ma'iid, by 'Ali b . 'Ali R i a i al-Yazdi al-Mudarris ( d . 13161, MS: Majlis 4649 ( c a t . , XIII, pp.34-8); (44-8) five anonymous o r unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: Dinishgih 164313 ( c a t . , VIII, p.220); ( b ) MS: Sipahsilir 2487 ( c a t . , I , p.436); ( c ) MS: Fayaiyya 1090 ( c a t . , I , p.136); ( d l Persian, MS: Majlis 5743 ( c a t . , XVII, pp.183-4); ( e ) Persian, MS: Zanjin ( c a t . , pp.111-12)

-

-

Mukhtalaf 01-Shi'o Editions: Tehran, 1323-4, Qum, 1403 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 707. 5599. 5888 ( c a t . . V . D O . 2006-8. XVI. pp.335, 389); Majlis fill ( c a t . , I V ~p.91); M a r e a s i f 1052, 1545, 1'229 ( c a t . , 111, p.241, IV, pp.30, 347); Radawi 7923, 2563-4 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 109-10); al-Imim al-Siidiq (Mabfiiv 11, p.250); gakim (Nowiidir, p p . 54-51; Najaf, hladrasat al-Khalili (AB, XX, p . 219); Waziri 1596 ( c a t . , 111, p . 997); Gharb 4591 ( c a t . , p . 183); India Office 1790 ( c a t . , 11, pp.306-7); Bengal 636 ( c a t . , I , p.314); Bodleian, Arahic d.108 Commentaries: ( 1 ) by al-Karaki, MSS: Raaawi 2363 ( c a t . , 11, p.47); Majlis 679 TabZtabX'i; Waziri 2095 ( c a t . , IV, p . 1163); ( 2 ) anonymoui (written before 917), MS: Mar'ashi 256417 ( c a t . , VII, p.153); ( 3 ) b y al-Dimid, edited Tehran, 1401 (in the collection of lthnii'ashar risiilo li 'I-Diimiid), MSS: Radawi 5194 ( c a t . , V, p . 413); D i n i s h g i h , microfilm 3450 ( c a t . , 11, p . 146); ( 4 ) by R a E ' al-Din Mubammad b . g a y d a r al-gusayni al-Tabitabi'i al-Ni'ini ( d . 10821, MSS: Radawi 6647 ( c a t . , V , p.414); Mar'ashi 2875 ( c a t . , VIII, p.82); (5) anonymous (belonging to 11th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Ustidi ( c a t . , p . 16) Mun tab5 01-n:arlob Edition: Tabriz, 1316133 Selected MSS: JJakim (NowZdir, p p . 60-1) ; Gawharshid 554 ( c a t . , p.416); Khiligi ( c a t . , p . 125); Raoawi 2850 ( c a t . , 11, p.250); Fayoiyya 777 ( c a t . , 1, p.272); Malik 1012 ( c a t . , I , p.745); Biblioth2que Nationale 6658 ( c a t . , 11, p.330); Bstana 5990 ( c a t . , p.177); Wazki 523 ( c a t . , 11, p.455); Zanjin ( c a t . , p.165) Commentary: by Mubarnmad Mahdi b . Hidiyat Allah al-uusayni alMashhadi ( d . 1218); MS: Majlis 180415 ( c a t . , IX, p.321)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

73

NihFyot ol-ibkiim MSS: Dinishzih 662 ( c a t . , XVI, u.328); KishZn, Athir-i Milli 433 j ~ o s h . ,IV, <.358); Raaawi 2654, 2661 (Binish, p . 1063); gakim 40 (Nawiid~r,pp.61-3); Majlis 8794, 5487 ( c a t . , XVI, p.385); Malik 1928, 2967 ( c a t . , I , pp.779-80); Gharb 400, 477 ( c a t . , p.202); Nawwib 85 law ( c a t . , p.480); Princeton 1256 New Series; Waziri 531 ( c a t . , 11, p.461); NGrbakhsh 374 ( c a t . , 11, p.95); Hamadin, Madrasa-yi Damghini (Nosh., V , p . 384) Qawii'id 01-abl
6.

..

p

A

L

L

AN INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'T

LAW

Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, pp.165, 232-6); (18) Fowci'idol-Qowii'id, by al-Shahi al-Thini - see below; (19) by Niir al-Din 'Ali b . Ahmad b . Abi JSmi' al-'Amili (late 10th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Gharb 75 ( c a t . , p . 150); (20) Jiimi 01-fowii'id, by 'Abd Allih b . Uusayn al-Tustari - see below; (21) flail 'ibzro m-u'q'ola rnin 01-Qawii'id ('law kiin a/-ikhliil , . . ' 1 , by Bahi' al-Din al-'Amili, MSS: Dinishgih 8918113 ( c a t . , V, p.1866); Majlis 114512 K h u ' i , 1805158 ( c a t . . VII, pp.161-2, IX, p.360); Radaw 2358 ( c a t . , 11, p . 4 5 ) ; 'Abd al-'Azim 20013 ( c a t . , p.443); Princeton 52 New Series (fols. 21b-26b); Mar'ashi 280212 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 4 ) ; (22) Shorb mos'olo min rnasii'il mii-fth 01-Qowii'id, anonymous (written before 1040), MS: Masjid-i A'zam 308518; (23) Dalii'il 01-obkcim, by al-Dimid, edited T e h r a n , 1 4 0 1 (in the collection of lthnii'ashor risiilo l i 'I-Diimiid), MSS: Uakim 1590; Yazd, 'Uliimi 61319 ( c a t . of microfilms of Dinishgih I , p . 702); (24) anonymous (written before 10701, MS: Dinishgih 7252 ( c a t . , XVI, p.499); (25) Persian and Arabic, by Mubarnmad b . klasan al-Shirwani ( d . 1098), on some sentences of Qowii'id, MSS: Raaawi (AB, XIV, p . 3 8 ) ; Dinishgih 7008115-16+18+25, 709119-10 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.426-7, 480); Fayaiyya 1665 ( c a t . , 111, p p . 113-14); (26) by 'Ali b . Mubammad al-'Amili, MS: Majlis 513 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p . 164) ; (27) by Mubarnmad Hadi b . Muhammad s i l i b alMizandarini ( d . around 11341, MSS: Dinishgih 1841 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 338); Gulpiyigini 2113 ( c a t . , 111, p . 165); (28) Koshf a/-lithiim, by al-Faail &Hindi - see below; (29) Muntokhab a/-fowii'id, Persian,by Ibrihim b . Ahmad Salima al-Najafi ( d . after 1223), MS: Dinishgih 5794 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.92-3); (30) MiftCb ol-kariima, by Jawid alhCAmili - see below; (31) by Kishif al-GhitS' - see below; (32) by Sibib alMaqibis, MS: Khili$i ( c a t . , p.126); (33) Tokmilot 01-Qawii'id, by Mubarnmad 'Ali b . Mubammad Biqir al-Hazirjaribi ( d . 1246), MS: Raaawi 6487 ( c a t . , V, p . 3 8 8 ) ; (34) Shawiiri' 01-aniim, by Muhammad Ja'far b . Sayf al-Din al-Astaribadi ( d . 1263), MSS: Mar'ashi 3073-4, 3885 ( c a t . , VIII, pp.299-300, X, p . 2 7 0 ) ; Faydiyya 290 ( c a t . , I , p.155); Sipahsilir 222411 ( c a t . , V, pp.145, 257); klakim 45, ( N o s h . , V, p.423); (35) by Mas* b . Mubammad Sa'id al-Tihrini ( d . 1263), MS: Masjid-i &mi' 1 2 2 ( c a t . , p.326); (36) by 'Abd alUusayn b . 'Ali al-Baraghani ( d . after 12661, MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XIV, p . 19); (37) Moncihij ol-a6kiimm,b y Mubammad b . ljusayn al-Radawi , MSS: Raaawi 6713, 6741 ( c a t . , V , p.459); (38) Niriirn ol-forc'id, by 'Ali b . Gul Mubarnmad al-Qirpiizibidi al-Zanjini ( d . 12901, edited Tehran, 1332, MSS: Ilihiyyit 12b ( c a t . , I , p . 6 8 2 ) ; Fayaiyya 1280 ( c a t . , I , p.288); Mar'ashi 2378 ( c a t . , VI, p.361); (39) by Fakhr al-Din Mahdi b . 'Abd al-Sibib al-Nariqi ( d . 13251, MSS : DanishgBh 4847-51 ( c a t . , XIV, pp.3866-7); (40) Jowiimi' 01-koliim, by Mubarnmad Rabim al-Buriijirdi, MSS: Raaawi 3837-48 ( c a t . , V, p p . 298-401); Malik 2151, 2354-5, 2363-77, 2616, 2634-5 ( c a t . , I , p p . 207-12); (41) by Mubammad ljasan al-Mupaffar ( d . 13741, edited Najaf, 1378; (42-48) seven anonymous or unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: Berlin Mo.371 ( c a t . , IV, p.240); ( b ) MS: D i n i s h g i h 6912 ( c a t . , XVI, p.397); ( c ) MS: Fayaiyya 680 ( c a t . , I , p.155); ( d ) MS: Majlis 8115 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p.100); ( e l MS: Gharb 10431 ( c a t . , p.151); ( f ) MS: D i r al-Kutub 2030813 ( c a t . , I , p . 264); ( g ) MS: Tustariyya 916 ( c a t . , p . 804) -

Tabgirof 01-mulo'ollimii, Editions: Qum. 1398 and manv others (see MushBr. cois. 157-8) Selected M e : ' ~ a w w z b15 law" ( c a t . , p:451); ~ a d i w i2281, 2280, 6432 ( c a t . , 11, pp.21-2, V, p.347); Majlis 495319, 883411 ( c a t . , XIV, p.229); A m i r al-Mu'minin 51212 ( N o s h . , V, p.412); Mar'ashi 207412 ( c a t . , VI, p.87)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

75

Translation: ( 1 ) Persian, anonymous (written before 994), MSS: Sin% 146312 ( c a t . , 11, p.276); Dinishgih 5466 ( c a t . , XVl, p . 1 7 ) ; T a b r k , Thiqat al-Islim (Nosh., V, p . 271); ( 2 ) Persian, by Mubyi b . Mubammad al-Kirmini (early 10th c e n t u r y ) , MS: D i n i s h g i h , microfilm 3020 from a MS in Shiriz ( c a t . , 11, p.28); ( 3 ) Persian, anonymous, MS: Ma'irif 1229 ( c a t . , p . 83); ( 4 ) Persian, by Z . Dhu '1-Majdayn, edited Tehran, 1368-9; ( 5 ) Urdu, by Fayd ljusayn, edited India (AB, XIV, p.186) In verse: by Shaykh Busayn, MS: Waziri 2476 ( c a t . , IV, p.1309) Commentaries: ( 1 ) Sirft a/-yaqTn, by Ai.~madb . Zayn al-Din alAhsi'i ( d . 12411, edited Tabriz, 1273-6 (in the collection of Jowiimi' 01-kolim) ; ( 2 ) olTakmi1a li 'I-Tobjiro = 01-Todhklro f l shorb a/-Tabgira (AB., IV, p p . 23-41 by Muhammad Ja'far b . Mubammad 'Ali alKirminshihi ( d . 12541, MSS: Ilihiyyat 126-7 A1 A q i ( c a t . , I , p p . 754, 756-9); klakim; Mareashi 3722 ( c a t . , X, p.121); ( 3 ) Qurrot o l ' o y n 01-nbziro, by Mubarnmad Ismi'il b . Mubammad Ibrihim al-FadZ'i 81-Kazzizi ( d . 1263), MS: Masjid-i A'zam 9877; ( 4 ) by Muhammad ~ a ' f a ral-Astaribidi , MS: Mar'ashi 3078 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 302); ( 5 ) 01-Murshid, by Muhammad u u s a y n b . 'Ali Akbar al-Khwinsiri ( d . after 1263), MS: Gulpiyigin? 1 2 2 ( c a t . , I , p.116); ( 6 ) a/-Mowiihib 01-soniyyo,by 'Ali b . Mubammad Ja'far al-pstaribadi ( d . 13151, MS: Mar'ashi 3097 ( c a t . , VII, p.319); ( 7 ) a/-Ayo a/-rnubgiro, by 'Abbis b . Ismi'il al-Qazwini ( d . after 1311), MS: Gulpiyigini 30612 ( c a t . , I , p.265); (8)ol-Lama'iii 01-noyyiro, by al-Khurasini - see below; ( 9 ) by JJusayn b . Mubamrnad Basan al-Hamadini ( d . after 13301, MS; Mar'ashi 3843 ( c a t . , X, p.228); (10) by Miisi b . Ja'far al-Kirminshihi ( d . 13401, MS: K i s h i n i 75 ( c a t . , p . 168); (11) 01-Tokmila, by Ismi'il b . 'A17 Naqi al-Uriimi, edited Tabriz, 1337-8; (12) by Qiyi' al-Din al-'ArSqi - see below; (13) by Mubsin b . 'Abd al-Karim al-Amin al'Amili ( d . 13711, edited Damascus, 1343, 1379; (14) Kifiyai 01rnuboglilii? , by Mubammad 'Ali b . Mubammad T i h i r al-Tabrizi al-Mudarris ( d . 13731, edited Tabriz, 1353; (15) Fiqh 01-Siidiq, by Muhammad Sidiq al-Busayni al-Riihini , edited Qum, 1373 Todhkirot a/-fuqohii' Edition: Tehran, 1272 and others Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 3745 ( c a t . , X, p.141); Buqiiq 4j, 2 4 j ( c a t . , p.289); Vakim 318 ( c a t . , I , p.111); Sin2 1117 ( c a t . , 11, p.123); Faydiyya 4 4 1 ( c a t . , I , pp.42-3); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 66 ( c a t . , I , p.39); D i r al-Kutub 20018 ( c a t . , I , p . 149); Tabriz, Qadi (Nosh., VII, p . 513); India Office 1791 ( c a t . , 11, p . 307); Biihir 180 Arabic ( c a t . , p . 204) ; Topkapi Sarayi 1143 Arabic ( c a t . , 11, p p . 747-8) TobrTr a/-ohkiim ooishor'iyya Edition: Tehran, 1314 Selected MSS: AdabiyySt 497 Kirman ( c a t . , p . 78); 'Abd al-'Avim 45 ( c a t . , p . 6 3 ) ; Majlis 5218, 4007, 233 TabStabi'i ( c a t . , XI, p . 10, XVI, p . 5 0 ) ; Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 53 ( c a t . , I , p p . 28-31; Dinishgih 1127, 1004 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1808-9, 1813); Mar'ashi 2613, 3751, 385 ( c a t . , I , p.402, VII, p.205, X, p.144); Malik 1429 ( c a t . , I , pp.109-10); Gulpiyigini 130, 261-2 ( c a t . , !, pp.132, 227-8); Milli 925 Arabic ( c a t . , VIII, p.425); K i s h i n , Athir-i Milli ( N o s h . , IV, p.355) Commentaries: (1) anonymous (belonging to 9th c e n t u r y ) , MS: ShirSzi (AB, XIII, p.141); ( 2 ) by al-Karaki, MS: Majlis 8114 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p . 8 2 ) ; ( 3 ) b y ljusayn b . 'Abd al-Qamad alkeAmili, MS: Milli 1943112 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.621); ( 4 ) anonymous, MS: Majlis 8118 ( C a t . , VII, p.81) TolkhTg a/-rnariim f l mo'rifot 01-abkiim MSS: Mar'ashi 472 ( c a t . , 11, p . 7 7 ) ; Majlis 5314, 4253, 4818 ( c a t . , XI,

A N INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'T

LAW

pp.268-9, XIII, p.229, XVI, pp.228-9); Radawi 2275, 2274 ( c a t . , 11, p.20) Commentaris: ( 1) Koshf 01-baqa'iq , by Mubammad b . Bahrim (written before 954), MS: Radawi 2532 ( c a t . , 11, p.lO1); ( 2 ) KhozZ'in olobkZirn, by 'AIT b . Khalil al-TihrZini, MSS: Radawi 7632-3 (Binish, p.741) IBN

DAWDD

-

Taqi al-Din JJasan b . 'Ali b . Diwiid al-villi ( d . a f t e r 707)

A/-Tubfa 01-So'idiyyo MS: Matbaf 896 ( c a t . , I , p.232) AL-SAYYID 'AMID AL-DTN: Konz a/-fowii'id MSS: Majlis 180-1 K h u ' i , 4387-8 ( c a t . , VII, pp.337-9, XII, pp.94-5); uakim 107 (Nash., V, p.425); Masjid-i A'zam 9695; S i n i 537 ( c a t . , I , p.343); DinishgZh 1857, 766 ( c a t . , V, pp.1989-90, VIII, p.450); Gharb 2529 ( c a t . , p.177): Radawi 2529 ( c a t . , 11, u . 9 9 ) ; Biihir 181 Arabic ( c a t . , p.205); Gawharshid 194 ( c a t . , p . 380); SipahsZlZr 2264 ( c a t . , I , p.466) FAKHR AL-MuJJAQQIQ~N: -

Hiishiyat 01-IrshZd, marginal glosses cn al-'Allima's l r s h t d a/-adhhtn , compiled by zahir al-Din 'Ali b . Yiisuf al-Nili ( d . a f t e r 777) MSS: DinishgZh 768, 6929 ( c a t . , V, pp. 1856-8, XVI, p.403); Ragawi 2377 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 50-1, V, p.405); Ijakim 105 (NowZdir, p p . 48-50); Majlis 1296, 4452 ( c a t . , IV, p . 71, XII, p . 133) ; Sipahsilir 237 Mushic ( c a t . , IV, p p . 140-1); Mar'ashi 2474 ( c a t . , VII, pp.65-6)

bZib 01-fowZ'id, a commentary on al-'Allima's QowZ'id a/-obkZm Edition: Qum, 1387-9 Selected MSS: DinishgZh 706, 5237, 708 ( c a t . . V . v.1785. X V . ~ . 4 1 7 2 Majlis 95 T a b i t a b i ' i , 21 ~ h u ' i( c a t . , VII, pp.i4-6); Marsashi i 3 1 , 5 2606, 305, 283, 265 ( c a t . , I , pp.256, 296, 310, 349, 11, p.162, VII, pp.188-9); Ijuqiiq 3j ( c a t . , p.258); Nawwib 204 law ( c a t . , p.450); Ragawi 2229-30, 7459 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 ; Binish, p.612); IgfahZn, 'Umiimi 2947 ( c a t . . I . u.184); S u l a ~ m i nKhin 90 ( c a t . .. .v . 6 .) .: Malik 1 2 4 1 (cat., I , p . 7 j j A L - S H A H ~ AL-AWWAL: D -

-

A/-Bayiin, uncompleted, only the first five chapters on acts of devotion Editions: T e h r a n , 1319, 1322 Selected MSS: Majlis 275011 ( c a t . , IX, p.124); Mar'ashi 6712, 1677 ( c a t . , I , p p . 78-80, V, p . 7 2 ) ; Nawwib 8 law ( c a t . , p.451); IgfahZn, 'Umiimi 3055 ( c a t . , I , p . 194); DinishgZh 1800 ( c a t . , VIII, p.372); Tustariyya 84111 ( c a t . , p ,876) Dhikr; 01-ShT'o, uncompleted, only t h e chapters on ritual purity and

wraver .Edition: .

Tehran, 1271 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 1906 ( c a t . , VIII, p.521); Zanjin ( c a t . , p.108); Milli 1842 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.421); Sulaymin Khan 36 ( c a t . , p . 1 2 ) ; Ilihiyyit 245b ( c a t . , I , p.551); Malik 5340 ( c a t . , I , p.324) Edition: Tehran, ii69 Selected MSS: Nawwib 27 law ( c a t . , p.457); S i n i 807 ( c a t . , 11, p.65 Ilihiyyit 136j, 13j ( c a t . , I , p p . 549-50); Dinishgih 6599 ( c a t . , XVI, p.305); uakim 1230; Mar'ashi 1880, 2172, 495, 876 ( c a t . , 11, p.104,

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

77

111, p.65, V, p.258, VI, p.174); RarJawi 2401 ( c a t . , 11, p.58); Majlis 8825; Los Angeles, MI29 ( c a t . , p.222) Completion: by Ja'far b . Ahmad al-JJulaywas al-Ijusayni ( d . after 836), MS: Mar'ashi 315611 ( c a t . , VIII, p.388) Commentaries: (1) by JJasan b . al-uusam (mid-9th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Gharb 4568 ( c a t . , p.123); ( 2 ) MoshZriq 01-shumiis, by uusayn alKhwinsiri - see below ; ( 3 ) Tokmilot MoshZriq ol-shumiis , by Ra@i al-Din Mubarnmad b . Ijusayn al-KhwZnsiri (early 12th c e n t u r y ) , edited Tehran, 1311, MSS: Faydiyya 74412 ( c a t . , I , p.146, 111, p.19): Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 147 Fayyid ( c a t . , p . 227); ( 4 ) lniirot 01-furiis, by Bahi' al-Din Mubarnmad b . Mubammad Biqir al-Mukhtiri al-NZ'ini ( d . around 11401, MS: Mar'ashi 338213 ( c a t . , IX, p.159); ( 5 ) by SZhib al-Riyig, MS: DZnishgih 771211 ( c a t . , XVI, p.982); ( 6 ) MishkZt 01-onwtr oaltfusoyniyya, b y Muhammad Ihrihim b . 'Ali al-FjZ'iri alQazwini ( d . a f t e r 12291, MSS: Mar'ashi 2872 ( c a t . , VIII, p.80); Faydiyya 1431 ( c a t . , I , p.247) GhZiyot ol-murzd Editions: Tehran, 1271, 1302 Selected MSS: NawwZb 26211 law ( c a t . , p.472); Radawi 2497 ( c a t . , 11, p.89); Hamadin, Hamrih (Nosh., 111, p.1693); F a r h i d Mu'tamid 131 ( c a t . , p.201); Mar'ashi 1407, 594 ( c a t . , 11, p.186, IV, p.183); Sipahsilir 2467 ( c a t . , 1, p.441); ZanjZni 51 ( c a t . , p.207); DZnishgih 6739 ( c a t . , XVI, p.349); Ja'fariyya ( N o s h . , V, p.435); Majlis 22 T a b i t a b i ' i , 3788 ( c a t . , X, p . 1774); UstZdi ( c a t . , p . 2 8 ) ; Ilihiyyit 24j ( c a t . , I , p.615) Edition : T e h r a n , lib' Selected MSS: Radawi 337 law. 2811. 6207-8 ( c a t . . 11. ~ 0 . 1 0 5 - 6 . V . p.486); Mar'ashi'224711, 959 i c a t . ,111, p.151, V I , p . i i l ; ash., VI, p.388); DinishgZh 6298 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.236-7); Malik 1054 ( c a t . , I , p.620) In verse: (1) 01-Tubfo 01-Quwiimiyyo, by Qawim al-Din Muhammad b . Mubanmad Mahdi al-Sayii al-Qazwini (early 12th c e n t u r y ) , edited Tehran, 1365-6 (in t h e margin of al-Shahid a l - T h i n i ' s ol-Rowp'o olbohiyyo); MSS: Sipahsilir 6156 ( c a t . , 111, p.375); Nawwib 181 law ( c a t . , p . 4 5 2 ) ; Yakim 1523 ( c a t . , I , p.103); Dinishgih 756 ( c a t . , V, p . 1821); Malik 2565 (cat., I , p . 122); Gulpiyigini 278 (cat., I , p . 242); Burujirdi CAB, XXII, p.369) [Mubarnmad Ja'far al-Astaribidi wrote a commentary on this poem entitled Yan
78

AN INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'T

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

LAW

79

7416, 9176, 9111; RawQiti ( c a t . , I , p p . 267 f f ) ; Yazd, 'Uliimi (Nosh., ( c a t . , VII, Pp.36-42); ( 7 ) Kashf a/-niqFb, by Masi?l b . Mubarnmad Qadi ( i b i d . , V I I , p . 523); S h i r i z , Dinishgih I V , p , 450); Sa'id a l - T i h r i n i , MSS: Nawwib 4 4 law ( c a t . , p.461); Masjidi-i f i r n i m 122,160-1 ( c a t . , 1, p.335); (8) by Mubarnmad b . u u s a y n a l - ~ a o a w i A/-Mubarrar MS: Raaawi 6713 ( c a t . , V , p.461); ( 9 ) a/-AnwFr a/-Gharawiyyo = M ~ ~~ : ~ 7919 d(Binish, ~ p.993); ~ Los i Angeles M9316 (Cat., p.661) a/-MishkFt 01-Gharawiyya, by Muhammad JawZd b . Taqi al-Najafi' Mulli Kitib ( d . after 1267), MSS: Ma'had 1293-4 ( c a t . , ~ . 1 1 2 ) ; ~ i ~ i ~ h ~ i h A/-MZjaz M ~ ~ : 275912 ( c a t . , IX, pp.124-5); Princeton 399211 Yahuda 1305 ( c a t . , VII, p.2786): Mar'ashi 1518 ( c a t . , I V , pp.318-19); ( c a t . , p.138); ~ a z i r i94912 ( c a t . , 11, p.779); Gawharshid 947 (Cat. Radawi 7760-9 (Binish, p . 883); U s t i d i ( c a t . , p . 2 5 ) ; (10) by p , 4 2 0 ) ; ~ ~ l ~ i ~ 68211 i ~ Z( c ant .i, 11, p.201); Dinishgih 1476111, Muhammad Mahdi al-KalbZsi , MS: Raaawi 7759 (Binish, p . 883); 539612 ( c a t . , V I I I , p.128, X V , p.4237); India Office 1808 ( c a t . , 11, 199514 (11) by Mubarnmad 'Ali al-shaft? ( d . 1282), MS: pp.312-13); Raaawi 8028 (Binish, p.1051) ( c a t . , V, p.367); (12) a/-Durra a/-HF'iriyya, by 'A1i ~ a q bi . commentary: Kashf a/-iitibiis, by Muflib al-saymari - see below al-Tabitahi'i ( d . 12891, MS: Majlis 4302 ( c a t . , XI, p p . 315-16); (13) M u n ~ o tal-albFb, anonymous (belonging to 13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: A/-Muqtogar M ~ L~~ ~ A : ~ ~ 9 3 0~1 1( c a t~. , p.700); I Marcashi ~ ~ 2524 (Cat., VII, Mailis 4455 ( c a t . , XII, p.135); (14) a/-Ghurra 01-Gharawiyya, by ~ ~ 1 1 'Ali (written in 1303), MS: Buriijirdi ( A B , X V I , p.34); (15) b y p,llO); 6211d ( c a t . , p.477); Radawi 2848, 8002, 2648 ( c a t . 1 ~ p.135, , V , p.514; Binish, p.1032); Dinishgih 115811 (Cat., V, Mubarnmad 'A17 al-Radawi, MS: Radawi 6524 ( c a t . , V , p.4go); pp.2067-8); Malik 2840 (Cat., I , p.725) (16-17) two anonymous or unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: ~ ~ j l i ~ 3936118 ( c a t . , X , p.2054); ( b ) MS: Ustddi ( c a t . , p p . 15-16) B N FAHD A L - A ~ S A-' ~Shihib al- in Ahmad b . Muhammad b . Fahd IBN AL-MUTAWWIJ: (d. ~ - 840): . , Kifiyat a/-~FlibTn ~ h ~a / - ~l a n ~ ~ ( q 7 ba~, commentary on al-'Allima's IrshFd aI-adhh~?n MSS: Radawi 2805, 7217 ( c a t . , 11, p.102, V , pp.482-4); MSS: uakim 302 NOS^., V , p.424); DZnishgih 262114 ( c a t . , IX, nl4l)fil (AB, XVIII, p.93)

uasan

uuRuq

~

Majma' a/-ghorc'ib MS: Radawi 2495 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 88-9)

A/-TanqTb a / r Z ' i ' Edition: Qum, 1404 Selected MSS: Raaawi 2271-3, 6645, 7528 ( c a t . , 11, p.19, V, 389); Malik 1302, 2458 ( c a t . , I , p.176): Mar'ashi 3566, 3567, 1725, 2701, 3173 ( c a t . , V, p.113, VII, p.272, VIII, p.399, IX, pp.354-5); Sini 1390 ( c a t . , 11, p.243); Ilihiyyit 95, 49 ( c a t . , I , p . 759); Dinishgdh 6857, 4886 ( c a t . , XIV, p.3937, XVI, p.383); Majlis 55 K h u ' i , 499 T a b i r a b i ' i , 5509 ( c a t . , VII, pp. 5405, XVI, p.409); Nawwdb 10 law ( c a t . , p.453); Hakim 81, 516 ( c a t . , I , pp.137-8; NawFdir, pp.35-6); Gawharshid 269, 1866 ( c a t . , p p . 244-5); F a r h i d Mu'tamid 38 ( c a t . , p.169); Ustidi ( c a t . , p.10); Bankipore 836 ( c a t . Arabic, I , p . 8 3 ) ; Princeton 545 New Series ; S h i r i z , Dinishgih Commentary: by al-Ddmdd, MS: GawharshZd 1866 in the margin ( c a t . , p.245) IBN FAHD: -

A/-Muhadhdhab a/-bCri' MSS: Dinishgih 6736, 2372, 711, 7238 ( c a t . , V, p.2078, IX, p.969, XVI, pp.347-8, 496); Mar'ashi 275, 3553, 2190, 2972 ( c a t . , I , p.304, IV, p p . 1 8 5 6 , VII, p.152, IX, p p . 3 4 4 5 ) ; Raaawi 8034, 2599, 8033 ( c a t . , 11, p.120; Binish, p.1052); Malik 1182( c a t . , I , p.759); Faydiyya 214, 369 ( c a t . , I , p p . 285-6); Zanjini 142, 66 ( c a t . , pp.212, 249); Vatican 1717 Arabic ( c a t . , 11, p . 105); Nawwdb law 169, 60 ( c a t . , p . 480); Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid (AB, XXIII, p . 293); Mathaf 1633 ( c a t . , p.260); Zanjin ( c a t . , p . 167); Majlis 5510, 4397, 233 Khu'i ( c a t . , V11, p.238, XI1, p . 101, XVl, p.410); Princeton 2088 New Series Niirbakbsh 16412 ( c a t . , 1, p.176); Gharb 1340 ( c a t . , p.200); Waziri 9112 ( c a t . , I , p.113); Ilihiyyit 193b ( c a t . , I , p.680); Vujjatiyya 511 ( c a t . , p . 94); Gulpiyigini 401 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 185-6); Masjid-i Argam

Ma'Flim a/-dTn fl fiqh ? I YFsTn MSS: Dinishgdh 1821, 1157 ( c a t . , V, pp.2056-7, VII, p.417); Mar'ashi 399 ( c a t . , I , p.414); Malik 781 ( c a t . , 1, p.696); Rasht 227111 ( c a t . , p . 1175) Commentary: DhakhF'ir 01-mujtahidin , by Abu '1-Majd RidZ b . Muhammad u u s a y n al-Igfahini ( d . 13621, MS: Rawddti (see AB, X, p p . 7, 18) IBN T A Y Y - Abu '1-Qisim 'Ali b . 'Ali b . Muhammad a l - ~ a q ' d n i alF'Xmili ( d . 855): A/-MasZ'il a/-fiqhiyyo = MasF'il lbn Tayy MSS: Majlis 4566112 ( c a t . , XII, p p . 263-4); Ddnishgih 1227, 5396110 ( c a t . , VI, pp. 2457-60, XV, p.4238); 'Abd al-'Azim 23511 ( c a t . , p . 445)

-

GhFyat al-rnarZirn, a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's SharC'i' a/-lsliim MSS: Gulpiyigini 155 ( c a t . , I , p . 143); Dinishgih 780, 7748 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1952-4, XVI, p . 688); Mashhad, Shinachi (Nash. , V, p . 599); Gawharshid 153, 58 ( c a t . , p.355); Radawi 2790, 6518 ( c a t . , V, p . 468); Hakim 109 ( N a s h . , V, p.425); Majlis 4224 ( c a t . , XI, p.243);

-

Kashf a/-iltibFs, a commentary on Ibn Fahd's a/-Mijjoz MSS: Mar'ashi 2830, 3693, 939, 1811 ( c a t . , 111, p . 127, V, p . 195, VIII, p.36, X , p . 91); Tabriz, Qddi (Nash., VII, p.519); Majlis 3973, 5946 ( c a t . , X, p.2112, XVII, p.332); Malik 1224, 2733 ( c a t . , I , p.591); India Office 1089 ( c a t . , I , p.313); Dinishgih 6788 ( c a t . , XVI, p.360)

L-KARAKT

:

FawF'id a/-SharF'i' , a commentary on al-Muhaqqiq's SharC'i' a/-IsIFm

80

AN INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'T LAW

MSS: Dinishgih 703, 7012, 7050, 1708, 7175 ( c a t . , V , p.1934, XVI, pp.428, 439, 456, 474); Sipahszlir 2600 ( c a t . , I , p.393); uujjatiyya 592 ( c a t . , p . 5 0 ) ; Nawwib law 21, 26 ( c a t . , p.455); uakim 1640, 1642 540; Mar'ashi 128011, 2509, 3352, 1155 ( c a t . , 111, p.327, IV, p.80, VII, p . 95, IX, p . 129); Majlis 667 TabitabZ'i, 615 T a b i t a b i ' i , 5356, 8783, 3534 ( c a t . , X, pp.1492-3, XVI, p.266); Tustariyya CAB, VI, p.107); Gulpiyigini 47, 2237 ( c a t . , I , p.57, 111, p.204); Astina 5788 ( c a t . , p.107); Milli, Arabic 1516, 1381 ( c a t . , IX, p.380, X, p . 1 2 ) ; Gawharshid 965, 551 ( c a t . , p.269); 'Abd al-'Azim 87 ( c a t . , p . 75); Malik 2075, 2700 ( c a t . , I , p.229); Los Angeles M87 ( c a t . , p . 199); Princeton 695 New Series; India Office 1788 ( c a t . , 11, p.306) D i r al-Kutub 19909, 29938 ( c a t . , I , pp.248, 266); Masjid-i A'zam 1290 Fayaiyya 1418, 1964 ( c a t . , I , p . 8 2 ) ; Waziri 1902, 2420 ( c a t . . 111. p . 1090, IV, p.1288); ~ h a r b4, MSS ( c a t . , p . 100); ~ a g i a h i ,7 MSS ( c a t . , 11, pp.45-6, 50; Binish, p p . 713, 730) -

Jiimi' 01-moqii$id, an uncompleted commentary on al-'Allima's QawZ'id 01-obkiim, from the beginning to the chapter on marriage Edition: Tehran, 1272 Selected MSS: Majlis 4310 ( c a t . , XII, p . 4 ) ; NawwZb law 211, 16 ( c a t . , p.454); Milli 1156 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p . 145); Zanjini 2311 ( c a t . , p . 198); Gawharshid 1337, 1865 ( c a t . , p . 249); SipahsilZr 2538 ( c a t . , I , p.385); Buriijirdi ( c a t . , p.13); Manchester 783 ( c a t . , p . 1146); India Office 1803 ( c a t . , I , p.311); Harvard (Nosh., IX, p.351); D i r al-Kutub 19895b, 20306b ( c a t . , I , p.311); Los Angeles M l O O ( c a t . ,

.-----, n.lRfi>

Commentaries: ( 1 ) by Lutf Allah b . 'Abd al-Karim al-Maysi al-'Amili ( d . 10331, MSS: Zanjini 2311 ( c a t . , p . 198); Milli 1156 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p . 1 4 5 ) ; ( 2 ) by ' A . 'j?. ('Abd al-Muttalib?), written after 1081, MS: DinishgZh 2347 ( c a t . , IX, p.959) -

To'Fq 01-lrshzd, a commentary on alk'Allima's IrshZd 01-udhhZn MSS: GawharshZd 772 ( c a t . , p.256); Majlis 7782, 5638, 5357, 80 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p . 79, XVI, p.267, XVII, pp.9405); Ilihiyyit 210 A1 HqX ( c a t . , I , p.762); Radawi 2376, and 6 other MSS ( c a t . , 11, pp.50-2; Binish, p p . 698, 700); Dinishgih 4166, 6893, 785, 7185, 7684 ( c a t . , V, pp.1858-9, XIII, pp.3134-5, XVI, pp.390, 478, 670); Bengal 633, 634 ( c a t . , I , pp.312-13); Gulpiyigini 4 1 ( c a t . , I , p . 4 8 ) ; Igfahin, 'Umiimi 3073 ( c a t . , I , p.218); Nujiimi ( c a t . , p.265); SipahsZlir 260011, 248811 ( c a t . , I , pp.396-7, IV, pp.141-2); Tustariyya 15911 ( c a t . , p.837); al-Imam al-Sidiq (AB, V1, p . 1 6 ) ; KhayrZt Khin 5311, 8511 ( c a t . , pp.1735-6, 1790); 'Abd al-'Azim 13012 ( c a t . , p.439); Mar'ashi 79 ( c a t . , I , p . 9 7 ) ; Faydiyya 1146 ( c a t . , I , p . 7 2 ) ; Waziri 1291 ( c a t . , 111, p.918); U s t i d i ( c a t . , p . 13); Rasht 4311 ( c a t . , p.1193); MiftZt) 228 ( c a t . , p.141); JJakim 1686; Tarbiyat 36 ( c a t . , p . 3 6 ) ; DZr al-Kutub 20038b, 2030713 ( c a t . , I , pp.243, 265)

AL-SHAHID AL- THAN^ : -

FuwZ'id a/-QowZ'id, a commentary on MSS: Waziri 1585 ( c a t . , 111, p.993); Zanjin ( c a t . , p . 104); Khilisi ( c a t . , 1691712 ( c a t . , 5 9 2 3 ) ; Tabriz, QZdi Hajj Sayyid Jawadi (ibid., V, p.343)

al-'A1lZma's QawZ'id ol-obkiim Majlis 1307 ( c a t . , IV, pp.78-90); p . 95); Isfahiin, Dinishgih (Nosh., VII, p . 517); Qazwin,

-

UZishiyot ol-Shorii'i', a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's Shorii'i' 01-IslZim MSS: Majlis 535411, 4360 ( c a t . , XII, p.73, XVI, p.264); Bankipore 847 ( c a t . Arabic, I , p . 84) ; Tabriz, Milli 3349 ( c a t . , I , p . 404) ; Nawwib, 25 law ( c a t . , p.455); S h i r i z i (AB, VI, pp.106-7)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

.

81

MosZilik a/-ofhZm, another commentary on al-Muhaqqiq's Shorii'i' 01-IsICm Editions: Tehran, 1273 and o t h e r s (see MushZr, cols. 838-9) Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 1328, 1205, 1621 ( c a t . , IV, p p . 6 , 111-12, V , p p . 25-6); Majlis 4646 ( c a t . , XIII, p p . 34-51; DinishgXh 762, 1121 ( c a t . , V, pp.2037-9); Waziri 24 ( c a t . , I , p . 4 0 ) ; 'Abd al-'Azim 197 ( c a t . , p.476); Nawwib 64 law ( c a t . , p.476) Commentaries: (1) by al-Sabzawiri, MS: Mar'ashi 1264 ( c a t . ,IV, pp.69-70); ( 2 ) by uaydar 'Ali b . Muhammad al-Shirwini (early 12th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Khilisi ( c a t . , p . 6 0 ) ; ( 3 ) by al-Bihbahini, MS: Gawharshid 190 ( c a t . , p p . 280-1) ; ( 4 ) 01-FodhZl~k,by al-KirminshZhi - see below Rawd a/-j~nZn,an uncompleted commentary on al-'All%mats IrshZd 01odhhZn, only the chapters on ritual purity and prayer Editions: Tehran, 1303, 1307 Selected MSS: Radawi 2770 ( c a t . , V, p.449); Sini 502 ( c a t . , I , p . 293); NawwZb 28 iaw ( c a t . , p.457) Al-Rowp'o 01-bohiyyo, a commentary on al-Shahid al-Awwal's Al-Lum'a al-~imosh~i~~o Editions: Najaf, 1386-90 and o t h e r s (see Mushir, cols. 496-8) Selected MSS: DXnishgih 709 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1908-16); Asafiyya 11 S h i ' i law ( c a t . , 11, p p . 239-40); Matbaf 362, 276 ( c a t . , I , p p . 240-2); Majlis 4886 ( c a t . , XVIV, p p . 2809); Astina 5956 ( c a t . , p . 123). Commentaries: (1) Kashf 01-rumGr 01-khofiyyo, by Mulpmmad b . Basan al-'Amili ( d . 1030), MS: Raaawi 2354-6, 6517, 7142 ( c a t . , 11, p.44, V, p.407; Binish, pp.712,730); Majlis 336212 ( c a t . , X, p.1188); Waziri 4 ( c a t . , I , p p . 4-5) ; (2) by Ahmad b . Mu~ammadal-Tiini ( d . a f t e r 1097), edited Tabriz, 1291 and o t h e r s (all in the margin of 01-Rawp'o a/-bohiyyo), selected MSS: Majlis 336211 ( c a t . , X, p . 1187); Khayrit Khin 57 ( c a t . , p . 1738); Astina 6036 ( c a t . , p . 107); Tabriz, QZdi (Nosh., V I I , p.513); ( 3 ) by 'Abd al-Busayn b . Abi '1-Basan al-'Lsi ( d . after 1081), MS: Khiligi ( c a t . , p . 8 3 ) ; ( 4 ) by Mubammad b . Qisim a l - I ~ f a h Z n ial-Dilmij ( d . afer 10841, partly edited ( K u s h i r , col. 2821, MSS: Faydiyya ( c a t . , I , p.81); IlihiyyZt 283 A1 Aqi ( c a t . , I , p.763); ( 5 ) b y IbrZhim b . u u s a y n al-Mar'ashi Khalifa Sultin ( d . 1098), edited Tabriz, 1291 and o t h e r s (all in the margin of 01-Rowp'a 01-bahiyyo), MSS: Mar'ashi 306011 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 281); DinishgXh 410712 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3085); Majlis 336213 ( c a t . , X, pp.1188-9); ( 6 ) by Fakhr &Din Muhammad al-Miisawi (late l l t h century ? ) , MS: Mareashi 201611 ( c a t . , VI, p.17); ( 7 ) by Abii Talib b . Mirza Beg al-Miisawi al-Findiriski ( l l t h century ? ) , MS: DinishgZh 87411 ( c a t . , 111, p . 134, V , p p . 1863-4); ( 8 ) 01-ZohrZt 01-dhawiyyo,by 'Ali b . Mubammad al-'Hmili , edited Tabriz, 1291 and others (all in t h e margin of 01-Rowp'o a/-bohiyya), MSS: AstZna 620211 ( c a t . , p.185); Gharb 108511, 4511 ( c a t . , pp.135-6, 287); IlZhiyyit 9 l l l d ( c a t . , I , p.233); Asafiyya 90-1 S h i ' i law ( c a t . , I , p p . 241-2); DinishgZh 6643 (Cat., XVI, p.324); GulpXyigZni 277 ( c a t . , I , p.241); ( 9 ) ol-Rodd 'alZ i'tirZdZit KhalTfo SulfZn 'olo 'I-Rowp'a 01-bohlyyo, by t h e same author, MSS: Magis 1295 ( c a t . , IV, pp.70-1); IlZhiyyit 9112d ( c a t . , I , p.233); Astina 620211 ( c a t . , p.185); DZnishgih 772512 ( c a t . , XVI, p.684); Radawi 1 4 4 law ( c a t . , 11, p.45); (10) by ~ a ' f a rb . 'Abd Allih al-vuwayzi al-Qadi ( d . 11151, MSS: Majlis 89 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, pp.89-90); SipahsZlir 2558 ( c a t . , I , p.396); Malik 2243 ( c a t . , I , p . 226); DZnishgZh 7039 (cat. XVI, p.435); GulpiyigZni 1107 ( c a t . , 11, p . 56); Waziri 1193, 1548 ( c a t . , 111, pp.889-90, 987); (11) by Muhammad Ibrihim b . Muhammad Ma'giim al-Vusayni al-Qazwini ( d . 1149). MS: Gharb 188128-9 ( c a t . , p.224); (12) anonymous (written

82

A N INTRODUCTION TO ~ ~ Li AW' i

before 1119), MS: Malik 6357 ( c a t . , I , p.225); (13) b y Jamil al-Din al-Khwinsiri - see below; (14) a/-Manthij 01-sawiyya,by al-Figil al-Hindi - see below; (15) Ta'lTq 'alii mobbath 01-zawiil min a/-Rawgo 01-bahiyya, by Ahmad b . Ibrihim al-Babrini - see below, chapter 6 ; (16) A l ' A yn fT ia'iirup' baqqay a/-mutabZyaSayn, by al-MukhtZri see below, chapter 6 ; (17) by Murammad b . Mubammad gilib aluusayni al-Khwit'unabidi ( d . 11.48), MSS: Racjawi 6495 ( c a t . , V, p.409); Adabiyyit 153 Kirrnan ( c a t . , p . 84); (18) by Mubammad Rafi' b . Faraj al-Gilini(d. a f t e r 11501, MS: Malik 1066 ( c a t . , I , p . 228) ; (19) Ishiiriit 01-fiqh, by Sadr al-Din Mulpmmad b . Mubammad Nagir a a l T a b i t a b i ' i al-Yazdi ( d . 11541, MS: Waziri 32012 ( c a t . , I , p.303); (20) al-lbiina 01-marp'iyya,by Mubammad SZiib b . Mubarnmad Sa'id al-Khalkhili ( d . 11751, edited Tehran, 1313, MSS: Mar'ashi 2786 ( c a t . , VII, pp.349-50); Dinishgih 5830 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 100); (21) Sharb 'ibiira mushkilla F m a b b a t h s a l t t 01-mayyit, by uusayn b . Abi '1-Qisim al-Khwinsiri ( d . 11911, edited Igfahin, 1377 (together with Mubammad Biqir al-Khwasiri's 01-Nahriyya); (22) Sharb 'ibiira mushkiia F m a b b a t h galiit a/-khawf, by the same author, MS: S i n i 113515 ( c a t . , I , p . 129); (23) by Mubarnmad Sidiq (12th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Gharb 77 ( c a t . , p.131); (24) a/-Mufradiit 01-fiiriqa, by 'Abd al-Qidir b . Sadr al-Din al-uusayni al-Mazandarini , MS : Danishgih 286512 ( c a t . , X, p.1712); (25) by ilusayn al-Qazwini, MS: Milli 194512 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p.624); (26) by al-Kirminshihi, MSS: Ragawi 179 law, 7141 ( c a t . , 11, p.54, V, p . 4 1 0 ) ; Gawharshid 1972 ( c a t . , p.267); Khayrit Khin 56 ( c a t . , pp.1738-9); Mashhad, Ilahiyyit 1080, 1099 ( c a t . , 11, pp.230, 240); Los Angeles M92 ( c a t . , p.198); (27) by Ismi'il b . K h u d i d i d al-Hazirjaribi al-Astarabidi ( d . after 1226), MSS: Dinishgih 7291, 7747 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.506, 688); (28) b y 'Abd AllZh b . Mubammad Taqi al-Hazirjaribi al-Tilaki ( d . after 12331, MS: Masjid-i A'vam 314; (29) by MubammadMahdi b . Muhammad J a ' f a r al-Miisawi ( d . a f t e r 12371, MS: Faydiyya 186 ( c a t . , I , p.114); (30) by Mubarnmad Ja'far b . Safar al-Harnadini ( d . 12381, M S : Gharb 7'7 ( c a t . , p.131); (31) by Miisi b . Ja'far A1 Kishif al-Ghiti' (d.12431, MSS: Khayrit Khin 2112, 6111 ( c a t . , pp.1779-80. 1784); (32) by Mubammad Ricji A1 Babr al-'UlLim, MS: IJuqLiq 21b ( c a t . , p . 384); (33) Makhzan a/-asriir a/-fiqhiyya, by Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Hazirjaribi, MSS: Gulpiyigini 185, 404, 457 ( c a t . , I , p . 168, 11, p p . 163-4); Waziri 6 4 1 ( c a t . , 11, p.544); Dinishgih 6628 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 3 2 0 ) ; Ragawi 7924 (Binish, p.997); Khayrit Khin 9711 ( c a t . , p.1791); Mar'ashi 2469 ( c a t . , VII, pp.61-2); Los Angeles M944 ( c a t . , p . 349); (34) by 'Ali A1 KZshif al-Ghiti' - see below, chapter 6; (35) by 'Abd A1IZh b . Mubammad J a ' f a r ai-Kirminshihi ( d . a f t e r 12531, MS: l l i h i y y i t 81917 d ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 1 ) ; (36) Fasl 01-khiltb a/-IbriihTmiyya, by Ibrihiln b . Mubarnmad uusayn al-Madani al-Shirizi ( d . around 12551, MS: Tarbiyat 62 ( c a t . , p . 57); (37) Risaa-yi sahla d a r sharb-i qiblo, Persian, by 'A17 Akbar b . 'Ali b . Mubarnmad Ismi'il ( d . after 12551, MS: D i n i s h g i 3703 ( c a t . , XII, p.2707); (38) by Mubammad al-Ni'ini ( d . after 1259), MS: Sipahsilir 6028 ( c a t . , IV, p.202); (39) Majma' 01-iirt', by Mubammad J'far a l - A s t a r i b i d i , MSS: Mar'ashi 308212 3850 ( c a t . , VIII, p.307, X, p.236); Los Angeles MI0314 ( c a t . , p.664); (40) by Mas* b. Mubammad Sa'id a l - T i h r i n i , MS: Nawwib 44 law ( c a t . , p . 461); (41) by Mubarnmad Rioi b . 'Ali Sharif al-GGgadi al-Gulpiyigini ( d . a f t e r 1264), MS: DZnishgih 1953 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 568); (42) Lama'tt, Persian, by Mubarninad b . Muqim al-Birfuriishi al-Mizandarini ( d . a f t e r 12641, MS: Fayaiyya 1559 ( c a t . , 11, p.89);(43) 01-LawZmimi', by t h e same a u t h o r , MSS: Mar'ashi 2401, 2717 ( c a t . , VII, p p . 3, 2 8 3 ) ; (44) by Mubamrnad B i q i r al-Gulpiyigini ( d . a f t e r 12671, MS: Gulpiyigini 234 ( c a t . , I , p . 201); (45) Minhiij a/-umma, by Nagir al-Din b . Mubarnmad

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

83

al-Nariqi ( d . 1273), MSS: NawwZb 57-2 ( c a t . , p.479); (46) by MuQarnmad J a ' f a r b . Mubarnmad $afi al-Abida'i ( d . 1280), MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XVI, p . 292) ; (47) by Muhammad Ibrihim al-Qishliqi, MS: Fayaiyya 108 ( c a t . , I , p . 114); (48) 01-HadTqa a/-Najafiyya, by Mu~ammadTaqi b . uusayn 'Ali al-Harawi al-Igfahini ( d . 1299), MSS: Gawharshad 1602 ( c a t . , p.288); I l i h i y y i t 769d, 603d ( c a t . , I , p . 541); Mar'ashi 2018 ( c a t . , VI, p p . 19-20); Najaf, uusayniyyat KZshif alGhiti' (AB, VI, p.390); T a b r i z , Qadi (ibid. ) ; (49) Safii' a/-rawp'a, by Mubarnmad $ilib b . uasan al-MLisawi al-Dimid ( d . 1301), MSS: ~ a r ' a s h i3140 ( c a t . , VIII, p.369-70); Radawi 6851 ( c a t . , V, p.457); (50) by basan b . Abmad al-uusayni al-Gilini ( d . a f t e r 1306), MS: Faydiyya 323 ( c a t . , I , p . 116); (51) 01-Ta'iiqa 01-anQa, by Muhammad 'Abbis b . 'Ali Akbar ai-Miisawi al-Tuslari al-Laknawi ( d . 13061, edited Locknow, 1339 ( c a t . of Agafiyya, IV, p.477); (52) HadTqat a/Rawp'a = Minhiij 01-najiib , by Mu~ammad'Ali b . Abmad al-Qarichadighi ( d . 1310);edited Tabriz, 1291 and others (all in the margin of alRawp'a 01-bayiyya); (53) by Jawid b . 'Abd al-gusayn al-Najafi ( d . 1311), MS: Majlis 4331 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2 2 ) ; (54) by Mubarnmad 'Ali alRadawi, MS: Racjawi 6587 ( c a t . ; V, p . 410); (55) by Mubammad Tahir h... Ismi'il al-Miisawi al-DizfLili ( d . after 13111, MS: Tustariyya CAB, XIII, p p . 293-4); (56) a/-MaqCsid a l ' a l i y y a , by 'Ali b . Muhammad al-A'raji ( d . a f t e r 1322), MSS: Khaligi ( c a t . , pp.120-2); (57) Minhiij a/-najiit, by 'Ali b . 'Abd Allih al-'Alyiri ( d . 13271, edited Tabriz, 1309, 1340; (58) Minhiij a/-milla, by the same author, MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXIII, p . 176); (59) by Mubammad 'Ali b . Muhammad Nagir al-Gilini al-Mudarris ( d . 1334), partly edited Tehran, 1323, MS: Mar'ashi 207811 ( c a t . , VI, p . 91); (60) by Mubarnmad uusayn b . Mubammad Qisim al-Qumsha'i ( d . 13361, MSS: Tustariyya 819-20 ( c a t . , p . 800) ; (61) Basan b . Ahmad al-uusayni al-Kishini ( d . 1342), MS: Ragawi 7140 ( c a t . , V, p.411); (62) a/-H?7shiya a/-rap'iyya, by Arnjad Husavn b . Munawwar 'Ali A l l i h i b i d i ( d . after 1343), edited India, 1343; (63) Siriij 01-umma, by MuIy3mmad Wasan b . $afar 'Ali alBirfuriishi ( d . 1345), edited Tehran, 1324-6; (64) by Murtadi al-uusayni al-Sidihi al-Igfahini , MS: Mar'ashi ( c a t . of microfilms of Danishgih, 11, p.174); (65) by Mubammad Ja'far b . Mubammad T i h i r , MSS: Majlis 271 T a b i l a b i ' i ; (66) by 'Abd al-Ghani, MS: Tustariyya (AB, XIV, p . 38) ; (67-75) nine anonymous or unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: Dinishgih 699611 ( c a t . , XVI, p.423); ( b ) MS: Malik 2545 ( c a t . , I , p.225); ( c ) MS: Ragawi 180 law ( c a t . , 11, pp.54-5); ( d l MS: Fayqiyya 60 ( c a t . , I , p.81); ( e ) MS: Radawiyya 4912 ( c a t . , p . 4 8 ) ; ( f ) MS: Dinishgih 252612 ( c a t . , IX, p.1326); ( g ) Faygiyya 307 ( c a t . , I , p . ; ( h ) MS: Mar'ashi 207812 ( c a t . , VI, p . 9 2 ) ; ( i ) MS: Majlis 8812 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p.88)

.

d

A1L - A R D A B ~ L ~ :

Majma' 01-E'ida wa 'I-burhi;n, a commentary on ai-'Allimals lrshiid a/-adhhiin Editions: Tehran, 1274; Qum, 1403Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 1852(cat., V, pp.237-8); Majlis 3377-8 ( c a t . , X, p p . 1226-8); Dinishgih 6717 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 344); Malik 2195 ( c a t . , I , p.642); Radawi, 3 MSS ( c a t . , 11, pp.124-5); Milli, 4 MSS ( c a t . , VII, p p . 49, 147, 472); GulpZyigini, 3 MSS ( c a t . , 11, p p . 159-160); K i s h i n , Bihniyi (Rthnamiiy-i kitiib , XXI, p.695) Commentaries: ( 1 ) by al-Bihbahini, MSS: Majlis 4451 ( c a t . , XII, p . 133); Dinishgih 77013 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1866-9); Waziri 2311 (cat., I , p . 36); Khayrit KhZn 6112 ( c a t . , p . 1785); Ilihiyyit 153 A1 Aqi ( c a t . , I , p . 766); Tustariyya 67212 ( c a t . , p . 873); (2) anonymous; Majlis

84

A N INTRODUCTION TO 135 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p.145); margin ( c a t . , V, pp.2001-2)

S H T ' ~ LAW

( 3 ) anonymous, MS: Danishgih 742 in

~ A J J I BAL-MADARIK: -

-

Hidiiyot 01-fiilibih = Ghiiyot 01-morzm, a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's 01-Mukhta~ora/-niifi' MSS: DEnishgih 1471, 6598 ( c a t . , VIII, p.122, XVI, p.304); gakim 1 0 (Nosh., V, p.425); Ja'fariyya ( i b i d . , V, p.436); Fayaiyya 101 ( c a t . 1, p p . 192-3); Ilihiyyit 5412b ( c a t . , 1, p.128); Raaawi 7586 ( c a t . , V, p.461); Majlis 3370, 4641, 5310 ( c a t . , X, pp.1213-15, XIII, p.31, XVI p.226); Marcashi 546 ( c a t . , 11, p.148); Waziri 1691 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1022); Malik 2897 ( c a t . , I , p.442); Masjid-i &mi' 1 4 4 ( c a t . , p . 332); Congress 38 Arabic ( c a t . , p p . 30-1) Commentary: by al-Bihbahini, MS: Rawditi (AB, XX, p . 72) Modiirik al-obk5m, a commentary on the section on acts of devotion of al-Mubaqqiq's Shora'i' 01-/sl??m Editions: Tehran, 1268, 1274, 1298, 1322 Selected MSS: Raoawi 7931 ( c a t . , V, p.496); Majlis 4202, 3374, 193 ~ h u ' i( c a t . , VII, p.339, X, p.1224, XI, pp.219-20); Nawwib 61-2 law, 97 law ( c a t . , p.475); Gharb 4510 ( c a t . , p . 184); Khilisi ( c a t . , p p . 106-7); Adabiyyit 43 Kirmin ( c a t . , p . 105); MatQaf 2900, 3886 ( c a t . , I , p.253); BiihEr 183 Arabic ( c a t . , p.207); Berlin Ldg. 523 ( c a t . , I v , p . 66); Harvard ( N o s h . , IX, p . 380) Commentaries: (1) by Rafi' al-Din al-Ni'ini, MS: Mar'ashi 3309 ( c a t . , IX, p p . 90-1); ( 2 ) by Ibrihim b . g u s a y n al-Mar'ashi Khalifa Sultan, MS: Mar'ashi 306012 ( c a t . , VIII, pp.281-2); ( 3 ) by Mubarnmad Ibrihim b . Muhammad Ma'siim al-gusayni al-Qazwini, MS: Gharb 233 ( c a t . , p . 116); (4) by Muhammad Ismi'il b . g u s a y n al-Khwijii'i ( d . 11731, MSS: Miftib 205, 1036 ( c a t . , p.144); (5) Todiiruk 01ModZirik, by Qibib al-gadi'iq, MSS: Najlis 4712 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, pp.43-4); Gulpiyigini 187018 ( c a t . , 111, p.91); ( 6 ) by a l - ~ i h b a h i n i , edited Tehran, 1268, 1322 (both together with Modiirik 01-obkiim), MSS: Sipahsilzr 2653 ( c a t . , IV, p . 267); Malik 2587 ( c a t . , I , p . 246); Dinishgih 6809 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 365); Radawi 7587 (Binish, p . 727); Gulpiyigini 1029 ( c a t . , 11, p.60); Masjid-i A'8am 11756; ( 7 ) 01FodhZilik, by al-Kirmznshihi - see below; ( 8 ) by ~ u b a jaCfar ~ ~ ~ d al-Hamadzni, MS: Mar'ashi 2538 ( c a t . , VII, pp.122-3); ( 9 ) Koshf 01-Modiirik, by Mubammad Raii' al-Gilini al-Igfahini ( d . a f t e r 1238), edited Tehran, 1269 (in the margin of Babr al-'Uliim's 01-Durra), 1322 (together with Modiirik ol-obkiim), MSS: DEnishgZh 369811 ( c a t . , XII, p.2703); Masjidi-i A - ~ a m134; (10) by Qiyi' al-Din Mubarnmad alg u s a y n i al-Mar'ashi, MS: Mar'ashi 1762 ( c a t . , V, p.145); (11) by Mubammad J a ' f a r al-Astaribadi, MS: Mar'ashi 3854 ( c a t . , X , p.242); (12) anonymous, MS: Tustariyya 19212 ( c a t . , p.840)

$ABIB AL-MA'ALIM: Mo'iilim 01-fin, uncompleted, only a p a r t of t h e chapter on ritual purity Edition: Tabriz, 1322 Selected MSS: Ilihiyyit 5411b ( c a t . , I , p.128); Milli 43612 Arabic ( c a t . , VII, p p . 370-1); Masjid-i A'zam 415

NOR ALLAH

B.

SHARTF AL-IjUSAYNf AL-TUSTART ( d . 1019):

NihcSyot 01-iqdiim MS: Bankipore 1096 ( c a t . Arabic, I , p . 108)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

ALLAH

85

B . ~ U S A Y NA L - T U S T A R ~ :

zmjco/-fowt'id, a commentary on al-'Allima's Qawz'id a/-abkiim M S ~ :~ ~ l 3968 i k ( c a t . , I , p.195); DEnishgih 6828 ( c a t . , XVI, p.371); Tarbiyat 112 ( c a t . , p . 3 2 ) ; Adabiyyat 23 Kirmin ( c a t . , p.82); RaOawi 6736 ( c a t . , V, pp.392-3)

A ' AL-DIN AL-'AMIL~: 1-vab/ o/-mot7n, uncompleted, only t h e chapters on ritual p u r i t y , rayer and inheritance dition: Tehran, 1321 elected MSS: Princeton 110 New Series; Dinishgah 1797, 3119, 6812, 935/5 ( c a t . , V I I , pp.368, 552, X I , p.2073, XVI, p.366); Zanjini 3 c a t . , p . 190); Malik 2174, 2702 ( c a t . , 1, pp.253-4); Milli 781 Arabic c a t . , VIII, p.285); Bibliothsque Nationale 776 ( c a t . , I , p.169, 11, p.129-30).; Majlis 1297 ( c a t . , IV, p . 7 2 ) ; Raaawi 7182, 2855, 2832, 2833-5 ( c a t . , V, p.416); Masjid-i A'zam 393 oshriq ol-shomsoyn, uncompleted, only the chapter on ritual purity Tehran, 1321 (together with t h e author's a/-Hob1 ol-mOt?n) &ion: lected MSS: Radawi 2626, 2649, 2832 ( c a t . , 11, pp.128, 135); alik 1009 ( c a t . , I , p.677); Majlis 1320 ( c a t . , IV, pp.92-3); Mareashi 80, 222 ( c a t . , I , pp.98, 249; Ilahiyyit 160j ( c a t . , 1, p.662); Milli 7911 Arabic ( c a t . , VII, p p . 76-11; S i n i 125 (Cat., 1, p.65): GulpEyigini 97913 ( c a t . , 11, p.216); Baku MI4012 (Nosh., IX, p.239)

' I Z Z AL-DiN AL-MUSAWT - MuQammad b . Abi 'I-wasan al-Mashhadi ( d . after 1044): DhokTrol a/-jazz' MS: Dinishgih 498411 (Cat., XV, p.4077) Commentary: Dhokhii'ir 01-'uqba, MS: Dsnishgih 498412 ( c a t . , XV, O N Y R ~ O U(written S before 1060): Shorb Qotrot al-bobroyn MS: Marcashi 1842 ( c a t . , V, p.228)

SAN ' A L ~B . 'ABD

ALLLHA L - T U S T A R ~ ( d .

1075):

MS: Ma'had 1355 ( c a t . , p.116) L-SABZAWAR~: DhokhTrot oi-rno'iid, a commentary on al-'AllZmals lrshiid 01-adhhzn Edition: Tehran, 1273-4 Selected MSS: Majlis 4197, 5056 ( c a t . , XI, p p . 211-12, XV, p . 18) ; Gharb ( c a t . , p.126); Ijakim 1997; Raaawi 2740-1, 5708 ( c a t . , V, pp.422-3); Gulpiyigini 1564 ( c a t . , 11, p.81); Fayaiyya 92 ( c a t . , I , p . ) ; Astsna 5911 ( c a t . , p.120) Commentaries: (1) by Mubamrnad Sa'id, MS: Raaawi 2740 in margin ( c a t . , V , p . 423); ( 2 ) TobqTq fi 'I-qiyZis, by al-Bihbahini ( a s a part of his commentary on Dhokhrrot 01-ma'iid), MSS: ~ a r ' a s h i45813 (Cat., 1 6 1 Dsnishgih 202613, 390212 ( c a t . , VIII, p.644, XII, p.2891); Tustariyya (AB, I , p .70) Kifiiyot 01-obkiim Edition: Tehran, 1269 Selected MSS: Majlis 4595, 464712 ( c a t . , XII, p.295, XIII, p.36);

86

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'i LAW

Ilihiyyit 183 A1 Aqi ( c a t . , I , p . 794); DinishgZh 1991 ( c a t . , VIII, p.600); Gharb 394, 1129 ( c a t . , p . 176); Malik 1893 ( c a t . , I , p.603); Waziri 26, 9711, 518 ( c a t . , I , pp.41, 126, 11, p.451) Translation: HidZyot 01-o'lFm, Persian, by Mubarnmad 'A17 b . Mubammad Ijasan al-Nahwi al-Ardakini ( d . after 12401, MS: Majlis 32 T a b i t a b i ' i ( c a t . of microfilms of DinishgZh, 11, p . 12) Commentaries: ( 1 ) by J a ' f a r b . 'Abd Allah al-Vuwayzi al-Qadi, MSS: Radawi 6475 ( c a t . , V, p.412); Ijakim 299; Mashhad, ShZnachi (Nosh., V, p . 598); (2) Rawiishib 01-'inZya a/-Robbiiniyyo, by g u s a y n b . Mubarnmad al-Babrini A1 'Ugfur ( d . 1216), MSS: Mar'ashi 2702-3 ( c a t . , VII, p p . 272-4); ( 3 ) Nib& 01-hidiiya, by Mubarnmad Mahdi al-gusayni al-Mashhadi, MSS: Radawi 5726, 6202, 8418-19 ( c a t . , V, p p . 523-4; Binish, p.1055); Majlis 5985 ( c a t . , XVII, p . 360); Waziri 239 ( c a t . , I , p.239); ( 4 ) b y Mubsin al-A'rajT, MS: KhZlisi ( c a t . , p . 6 1 ) ; ( 5 ) NihZyot 01-muqtagid, by Murammad J a ' f a r al-Hamadini , MS: Gharb 731 ( c a t . , p.202); ( 6 ) by Muhammad b . Murammad Ma'sim a1-Mashhadi ( d . 12551, MSS: Mar'ashi 2468, 3233 ( c a t . , VII, p.61, 1X, p . 3 0 ) ; Majlis 4468 ( c a t . , XII, p.142); ( 7 ) Shawiiri' 01-hidiiyo, by Muhammad Ibrihim al-Kalbisi, MSS: Majlis 3551 ( c a t . , X, p p . 1511-12); Mar'ashi 1917, 1924 ( c a t . , V , pp. 288, 294); Gulpiyigini 189 ( c a t . , I , p.172); Faydiyya 233 ( c a t . , I , p.1701; Waziri 1488 ( c a t . , 111, p . 973); Miftib 75 ( c a t . , p.189) AL-FAY9 : -

MofZITb 01-sharF3i' Edition: Beirut, 1389 (Vol.1 on ritual purity and p r a y e r ) Selected MSS: Cambridge C. 1819 Browne ( c a t . , p . 2 2 ) ; IlihiyyZt 66b ( c a t . , I , p.667); D i n i s h g i h , 4 MSS ( c a t . , V, p.2064, IX, p.869, XVI, p.326); Majlis, 3 MSS ( c a t . , IV, pp.94-5, X, pp.382-2, XI, p.282); Sipahsilir 2603 ( c a t . , I , p.528); Buqiiq 341j ( c a t . , p.475); GulpZyigini, 8 MSS ( c a t . , 11, pp.175-6, 111, p p . 22, 171); Faydiyya, 1 7 MSS ( c a t . , I , pp.264-6); Malik, 7 MSS ( c a t . , I , pp.705-6); Milli, 5 MSS ( c a t . , VII, p.242, VIII, p.33, IX, p p . 152-3, 185); Gharb, 7 MSS ( c a t . , pp.194-5); Waziri, 9 MSS ( c a t . , 11, pp.471, 538, 111, p p . 1018, 1025, 1060); Radawi, 24 MSS (cat., 11, pp.122-3, V, pp.510-12; Binish, p p . 1024-6) Commentaries: (1) b y MuPammad b. Muhammad Muhsin al-Kishini 'Alam al-Hudi (early 12th c e n t u r y ) , MSS: SipahsZlir 2601 ( c a t . , I , p.398, IV, p.278); Tabriz, Q i d i ( N o s h . , VII, p.523); ( 2 ) by Niir al-Din Mubarnmad H i d i b . Murtadi al-Kishini (early 12th c e n t u r y ) , MSS: DinishgZh 714-15 ( c a t . , V , pp.1940-2); Bankipore 946-9 ( c a t . Arabic, I , p . 9 3 ) ; IlZhiyyZt 31b ( c a t . , I , p.591); Malik 1421 ( c a t . , I , p.446); Waziri 970 ( c a t . , 11, p.797); Ncrbakhsh 152 ( c a t . , I , p.170); Radawi 247-8 law, 2784 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 76-7, V , p.461); SipahsilZr 6134 ( c a t . , V, p.236); Faydiyya 76 ( c a t . , I , p.159); Majlis 5279 temporary ( 3 ) b y Muhammad Yiisuf b . Muhammad 'Ali al-Lihiji ( d . after 10961, MS: Tustariyya (AB, VI, p . 214); ( 4 ) by Abu 'I-Ijasan b . MuPammad T i h i r al-Sharif al-Futiini al-'Lmili ( d . 11381, MS: Los Angeles MI106 ( c a t . , p . 271); ( 5 ) Foth 01-MofZtih, by MuPammad Mubsin b . Muhammad a l - K i s h i n i ( d . after 1148), MS: Majlis 547612 ( c a t . , XVI, p.376); ( 6 ) 01-Dhukhr 01-limimi' = 01-Mo~iibTb01-lowiimi', by 'Abd Allih b . N G r al-Din al-Jazi'iri (d.11731, MSS: Mar'ashi 3550 ( c a t . , I X , pp.342-3); Radawi 7017 ( c a t . , V, p.421); ( 7 ) by Muhammad 9ZliI.1 b . Muhammad Mu'min al-Astaribidi ( d . a f t e r 11841, MSS: Dinishgih 7664 ( c a t . , XVI, p.667); Majlis 5306 ( c a t . , XVI, p.222); ~ a r ' a s h i (AB, XIV, p.76); ( 8 ) b y al-Bihbahini, MSS: Raaawi 2391 ( c a t . , 11, p.55); Majlis 347 TabitabZ'i; Mashhad, IlihiyyZt 1578 ( c a t . , 11, p . 713) ;

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

87

Khiligi ( c a t . , p . 6 2 ) ; Zanjin ( c a t . , p.105); ( 9 ) by the same author, on t h e introduction t o MoEtTb, MSS: Faydiyya 152015, 155418 ( c a t . , 111, pp,97i 100); Princeton 1929 New Series (fols. 251a-260b); (10) Mo.p?bTb o/-galom, by t h e same author - see below; (11) FottZb 01-mojZmi', by al-KirminshZhi - see below; (12) 01-AnwZr 01-lawiimi', by IJusayn A1 'Ugfur, MSS: Radawi 6502-4 ( c a t . , V , p.369); Mar'ashi 1630 ( c a t . ,V, pp.33-4); Majlis 4425 ( c a t . , XII, p . 114); (13) by Muhammad Rid5 al-AstaribZdi ( d . after 12191, MSS: GawharshZd 1235 ( c a t . , p.334); ~ a d a w i7253 ( c a t . , V, p.463); (14) by Abu 'I-Qisim b . 'Abbis ( d . a f t e r 1227), MS: Raaawi 2813 ( c a t . , V, p.464); (15) b y $iQib al-RiyZd, MS: Uuqiiq l l b ( c a t . , p . 387); Sipahsilir 277 Mushir ( c a t . , V, p . 236); princeton 179 New S e r i e s ; Los Angeles M1317 ( c a t . , p . 270); (16) Mo$?bTh 01-~alZim,b y 'Abd AllZh Shubbar, MSS: Tustariyya 256, 325, 834 ( c a t . , p.804, 810); Mar'ashi 1079 ( c a t . , 111, pp.259-60); Radawi 7948 (Binish, p.lO1l); Milli, Arabic 103512, 1905 ( c a t . , IX, p . 37, X , p p . 565-6); (17) 01-MigbZb 01-siiti', by t h e same author (an abridgement of his perious commentary), MSS: Dinishgih 717 ( c a t . , V, pp.2045-6); Ilihiyyit 6 A1 Aqi ( c a t . , 1, pp.800-1); GawharshZd 742 ( c a t . , p.396); Ijujjatiyya 73 ( c a t . , p.85); Bengal 654 ( c a t . , I , p . 323); Tabriz, Qadi (Nosh., VII, p . 522); (18) NihZyot a/-morZrn, by al-Mujihid, MS: WuqGq 266j ( c a t . , pp.496-7); (19) 01-MagZbibTb, by Muhammad Ja'far al-Kirminshihi , MSS: IlZhiyyit 124 A1 Aqi ( c a t . , I , p . 800); Kashin, Radawi 187 ( c a t . , p . 43); IjuqEq 107j ( c a t . , p p . 467-8); Mar'ashi (AB, XXI, p.91); (20) 01-Mo~iibTb, by Mahdi b . 'Ali al-TabitabZ'i ( d . 12601, MS: JJuqiiq 243j ( c a t . , p.467); (21) MubtoghZ 01-ofhZrn, by 'Abd al-Wahhib b . Muhammad s i l i h al-Baraghini alQazwiili (d. after 12661, MS: Mar'ashi 3202 ( c a t . , IX, p . 4 ) ; (22-4) three anonymous or unidentified commentaries ( a ) MS: Mar'ashi 2157 ( c a t . , VI, pp.162-3); ( b ) MS: DinishgZh 6709 ( c a t . , XVI, p.337); ( c ) MS: S h i r i z , Ahmadiyya 264 (Nosh., V, p.214) Mu 'tosum 01-ShT'o,uncompleted MSS: Mar'ashi 217, 3478 ( c a t . , I , p.246, IX, p.275); Radawi 6469 ( c a t . , V , p.509); Baghdidi ( c a t . , p . 178); K i s h i n , Radawi 191 ( c a t . , p.43) Al-Nukhba Editions: Tehran, 1303, 1324, 2328, 1330 Selected MSS: Waziri 965 ( c a t . , 11, p.794); vuqiiq l l d ( c a t . , L , _ p . 493); Dinishgih 1007 ( c a t . , V, p p . 2083-5); IlihiyyZt 187 A1 Aqi ( c a t . , I , p.806); Milli, Arabic 138612, 1393, 1463 ( c a t . , IX, pp.395, 411, 491)a/-Tubfo 01-soniyyo, by 'Abd Allah al-Jazi'iri , edited Commentary: Tehran, 1370 (Vol. l ) , MSS: GulpiyigZni 1687 ( c a t . , 111, p . 17); Mar'ashi 2213 ( c a t . , VI, p.204); Faydiyya 227 ( c a t . , I , p.40); Masjid-i A'ram 18111; Radawi 2269 (Binish, p . 434); Majlis 4437, 4735, 5184 ( c a t . , XII, p.122, XIII, p.116, XVI, pp.1-2); Dsnishgih 751, 1008 ( c a t . , V, p.1820); Gharb 909 ( c a t . , p.71) SAYN AL-KHWANSAR~: MoshZriq 01-shumijs, an uncompleted commentary on al-Shahid alAwwal's 01-Duriis a/-shor'iyyo, only t h e chapter on ritual purity Edition: Tehran, 1311 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 6778 ( c a t . , XVI , pp ,358-9) ; Sipahsilir 2308 ( c a t . , I , p.448); Majlis (442811 ( c a t . , XII, p.117)

88

Editions: Tehran, 1270, 1318, 1325; Locknow, 1311 Selected MSS: Malik 2043, 2861 ( c a t . , I , p.88); Bakim 1670m ( c a t . , I pp.88-9); Mar'ashi 429, 701, 716 ( c a t . , 11, pp.33, 295, 312); Radaw 6609 (Binish, p.617); GulpiyigZni 122711, 136912 ( c a t . , 11, pp. 237, 249); wujjatiyya 178 ( c a t . , p 38); Milli, Arabic 127612, 1400 ( c a t . , IX, pp. 266, 415-16); Princeton 15111 New Series Abridgement: Nihiiyot ol-bidiiyo , b y al-MukhtZri , MS: DZnishgih 185915 ( c a t . , VIII, p.460) Translations: (1) Niir-i siifi' , Persian, by Mubarnmad Murid alKishmiri ( d . after 10981, MSS: Gawharshsd 943 ( c a t . , p . 195); Waziri 990, 1 1 4 1 ( c a t . , 11, p.809, 111, p.871); Radawi 2854 ( c a t . , V, p.528) Sipahsilir 2529 ( c a t . , I , p . 553); (2) Koshf ol-diriiyo, by Muhammad Ja'far b . SulaymZn al-FarZhi ( d . afte 11141, MSS: Radawi 2810 ( c a t . , V, p.481) ; T\stZna 6264 ( c a t . , p p . 155-6); Gawharshid 936 ( c a t . , p . 163); Mar'ashi (AB, XVIII, pp.34, 68); (3) b y 'Abd Allih b . A l b MS: Gawharshid 113711 ( c a t . , p.87) Commentaries: (1) Muntokhob ol-hidiiya, b y MuPammad TZhir b . ' A Allah al-Qiri al-Harawi ( d . after 1105), MS: Radawi 4280, 6471 (cat V, p p . 518-19); (2) anonymous (written before 11531, MS: Waziri 181911 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1064); (3) Moshiiriq ol-muhtodiil, by Muhammad Biqir b . MuPammad Taqi al-Sharif al-Raaawi al-Qummi (d. after 118 MS: Rawditi (AB, XXI, p p . 36-11; (4) al-Sowiinib al-na?ariyyo, b y IJusayn Ti1 'Ugfiir, MSS: IlZhiyyZt 137 A1 i i q i ( c a t . , I , p . 777); DinishgZh 2924 ( c a t . , XVI, p.402); (5) Anwiir ol-dircya, by 'Abd al-gusayn b . AQrnad al-Asbaghi a l - B a b r i n i , MS: Waziri 311412 (cat V, p . 1537); ( 6 ) Mogiib7b 01-hidiiyo, b y MuPammad wasan b . MuParnm Maa$Gm al-Qazwini ( d . 12401, MSS: Milli 1840 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 42 MiftZb 207 ( c a t . , pp.291-2); D i n i s h g i h 7362 ( c a t . , XVI, p.521); Ilihiyyit 45 A1 Aqi ( c a t . , I , p p , 799-800); Mar'ashi 1650, 2126 (cat V, pp.49-50, VI, p . 137) ; ( 7 ) MojCrT ol-moriim, by Mubarnmad B i q i r al-GulpiyigZni , MS: Faydiyya 1282 (cat. , I , p . 226) -

Hidiiyot al-ummo Selected MSS: Gawharshid 300 ( c a t . , p.433); Malik 616-17 and 6 other MSS ( c a t . , I , pp.802-4); SipahsZlZr 6186 ( c a t . , V, p . 756); Dinishgih 6761 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 355); uakim 143 Rashti ( c a t . , p . 159); Radawi, 8 MSS (Binish, p.1077) Translation: Hidiiyot al-abkiim, Persian, b y Mubarnmad Basan b . MuPammad Silib al-Harawi , MS: Majlis 2054 (cat. , VI , pp .42-3)

A L - F A ~ I L AL- HIND^ : -

-

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

A N INTRODUCTION TO S ~ f ' fLAW

Koshf al-lithiim, a commentary on al-'AllZmals Qawii'id 01-obkiim Edition: Tehran, 1271-4 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 3767 ( c a t . , X , p . 156) ; Majlis 3489 ( c a t . , X, p p . 1448-9); FayGiyya 559 and 5 other MSS (cat., I , p.218); Gulpiyigini 2325 and 4 other MSS ( c a t . , 11, p . 151, 111, p.229); Gharb 487 ( c a t . , p . 175) Al-Moniihii ol-sowivvo. a commentarv on al-Shahid al-Thini's 01-Rowdo ,, 01-bohiyyo MSS: DZnishgih 1159, 2365 ( c a t . , V, pp.2068-9, IX, p.966); Milli 603 Arabic ( c a t . , VIII, p . 8 8 ) ; SipahsilSr 2560 ( c a t . , I , p.449); Majlis 222 K h u ' i , 1327 ( c a t . , IV, p p . 97-8, VII, p.373); Malik, 3 MSS ( c a t . , I , p . 739); Mar'ashi 2965-7 ( c a t . , VIII, pp. 148-9); Masjid-i A'cam 370, 4327, 11713; Radawi 8005 (cat., p.1037); Gharb 1347 ( c a t . , p.197); MiftZP 62 ( c a t . , p.299)

RIB A L - W ~ F I Y A- s a d r al-Din Mubammad b . Mubarnmad BZqir al-Raaawi 1-gummi (mid-12th c e n t u r y ) :

MAQXBY

- Mubamrnad b . 'Ali b . 'Abd al-Nabi al-Babrini ( d . after

Bakim 9 (Nosh, V, p.422)

AL-RASHID B. NOR AL-DIN A L - T U S T A R ~ (12th c e n t u r y ) : 1-Mosii'il ol-okhbiiriyyo S: Majlis 594412 ( c a t . , XVII, pp.328-9)

6 ) ; DZnishgZh 6595 ( c a t . , I , p . 304) ; Radawi 2730-1, 7592-610 (Binish, p . 734); Gawharshzd ( c a t . , p.287); NawwZb 102 law ( c a t . , p.456) pletion: 'Uyiin a/-boqii'iq ol-nii?ira, by IJusayn T\1 'Ugfiir, edited Sharb muqoddomot ol-tiadii'iq, by Mubsin al-A'raji, Ibrihim b . MuPammad alsaw7 al-Dizfiili, MS: SZibib al-Dhari'a (AB, VI, p.81)

~ZibTb01-~ollim, a _com_mentaryon al-FayQ's Mofiitib ol-shorii'i' S: IlZhiyyit 4-5 A1 AqZ ( c a t . , 1 , p.784); DinishgZh 718, 1588, I , p.683); Malik 2197, 2617, 2741 ( c a t . , I , p.445); AstZna 7348 ( c a t . , p.136); Faydiyya 56, 77 ( c a t . , I , p . 251); Majlis 4449-50, 482211, 5578, 62 T a b i t a b i ' i , 82 Tabstabii'i ( c a t . , XII, pp. 131-2, XIII, p.233, XVII, p.40); Milli 622 Arabic ( c a t . , VIII, p.102); Martashi 1108 ( c a t . , 111, p.280); GulpZyigZni 281-3, 1680, 1696, 1724 ( c a t . , I , pp.245-6, 111, p p . 13-14, 19, 30); Tarbiyat 237 ( c a t . , p.54); DihkhudZ 209 ( c a t . , p.423); Bakim 25-6 (Nosh., V, p.422); I s f a h i n , Adabiyyit ( i b i d . , V, p.300); Radawi, 5 MSS (Binish, p . 887); Gharb, 2 MSS ( c a t . , p . 189); GawharshZd 1986 ( c a t . , p.334); Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XIV, p . 75); Masjid-i A ' ~ a m 7408, 9147; Saryazdi 122 ( c a t . , p.423); U s t i d i , 2 MSS ( c a t . , p.36); Los Angeles M939 ( c a t . , p.270) HDi A L - N A R A Q ~ - Mahdi b . Abi Dharr al-Kishini (d.1209): Lowiimi' 01-obkiim MSS: Gharb 1106 ( c a t . , p.178);

KhZligi ( c a t . , p.94)

Mu' tamad ol-ShT'o MSS: Mar'ashi 3137 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 366); Faydiyya 1108 ( c a t . , I , p.262); Khiligi ( c a t . , p.117) IJR AL-'ULOM: A/-Durra, in verse Editions: Najaf, 1377 and others (see Mushir, col. 360) Selected MSS: Radawi 2404, 6196, 7648-9 (Binish, p.750);

Mar'ashi

92

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW (8) Miftiib a/-Riyiid, by IsmZ'il b Najaf al-gusayni al-Marandi ( d . afte 1293), MS: uujjatiyya 463 ( c a t . , p . 89); (9) by Mubammad Taqi al-Hara MSS: guqiiq 112j ( c a t . , pp.319-21); Mar'ashi 3721 ( c a t . , X, p p . 1 2 0 1 ) (10) by 'Ali Akbar al-Qazwini, MS: Milli 178319 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p.368 (11) Zahr ol-riyiip', by Mu4ammad $%libb . Mubarnmad wasan al-Tihriini al-Dimad, MSS: Dinishgih 758, 761 ( c a t . , V, p . 1922); Mar'ashi 1429 ( c a t . , IV, p p . 212-13); (12) by Mabmiid b . Mubarnmad al-Khu'i, edited Tabriz, 1312; (13) WothTqat 01-wasii'il, by Abmad b . 'Ali al-gusayni al-Rashti ( d . after 13201, edited I r a n , 1320; (14) Tarii'iqal-Riyw, b Ghulim g u s a y n b . 'Ali Agghar al-Darbandi ( d . 13231, MS: Mar'ashi 2718 ( c a t . , VII, p.284); (15) by Fakhr al-Din al-Nariqi, MS: Fayoiyy ( d . 1338 870 ( c a t . , I , p.125); (16) by MapmCid b . 'Ali-a1-Mar'ashi MS: Mar'ashi 2623 ( c a t . , VII, p.199); (17) Ip'iib a/-Riyiip', by g a b Allih a1-Kiishini, MS: Mar'ashi 3147 ( c a t . , VIII, p p . 378-9); (18 Mubsin b . Mahdi al-TabitabZ'i al-gakim ( d . 13911, MS: gakim 2279 (19-21) three anonymous o r unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: Radawl 8268 (Binish, p.719); ( b ) written before 1268, MS: Radawi 2473 (ibid p . 882); ( c ) MS: Faydiyya 80012 ( c a t . , 111, p.24)

AL-QUMMT

:

-

Ghanii'im 01-ayyiim Editions: Tehr_an, 1301, 1319 Selected MSS: Astina _8345, 6143 ( c a t . , p . 147) ; Malik 2289 ( c a t . , I , p . 528) ; IlZhiyyit 1 4 4 A1 Aqi ( c a t . , I , p . 787)

-

Moniihij a/-abkiim Edition: Tehran, 1271 (the chapter on p r a y e r ) Selected MSS: Faydiyya 14115, 110412 ( c a t . , 111, p p . 5, 55); Raaawi 63 ( c a t . , p.37); Milli 250 Arabic ( c a t . , VII, pp.218-19); Ustidi ( c a t . , p.37)

~ A ~ AL-MAQABIS I B

:

Moqiibis al-anwiir Edition: Trabriz, 1322 Selected MSS: Radawi 2845 (Binish, p.1029); D i n i s h g i h 7303 ( c a t . , XVI, p.508); Faydiyya 1712 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1 ) ; Gulpiyigini 467 ( c a t . , 11, p.177) AL-MU JAHID : -

-

Jimimi' a/-aqw3 MS: Radawi 7543 (Binish, p.678) Al-Moniihil Editions: partly edited Tehran, 1274, 1315 Selected MSS: uuqiiq 325j ( c a t . , p . 482); Malik 2951 ( c a t . , I , p p . 740-1); DZnishgih 782-3, 1741, 7719 ( c a t . , V, pp.2069-70, XVI, p.683); Sipahsilir 2614-18 ( c a t . , I , p p . 537-8); Milli, Arabic 75112, 1688 ( c a t . , VIII, p.208, X , p.270); Radawi, 9 MSS ( c a t . , V, pp.505, 516-17; Binish, p . 1 0 3 8 ) ; Waziri 1 4 0 , 1795 ( c a t . , I , p.178, 111, p . 1056); Faygiyya 1295 ( c a t . , I , p.248); Bujjatiyya 103 ( c a t . , p.85 Masjid-i A'qam 2964, 2994; Gharb, 4 MSS ( c a t . , p.188); U s t i d i (cat p . 3 8 ) ; Tabriz, Q i d i ( N o s h . , VII, p.523)

AgMAD -

A L - N A R A Q ~:

Hidiiyat a/-ShT'a MSS: Mar'ashi 125 ( c a t . , I , p p . 147-8); Khilisi, 2 MSS ( c a t . , p p . 127-8 Qum, RCpZni (Zshnii'T, I , p.446)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

93

Mustanad a/-ShT'a Editions: Tehran, 1273-4, 1325-6 Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 2330-1 (cat. , I , p . 522) ; guqiiq 79b ( c a t . , p.463); Gharb 1965 ( c a t . , p.186); Malik, 3 MSS ( c a t . , I , pp.672-3) JJAMMAD IBRAHiM B. MUgAMMAD BASAN AL-KALBASi ( d . 1262): Minhiij a/-hidiiya Edition: Tehran, 1263 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 769, 3929 ( c a t . , V, p.2071-2, XII, p p . 2916-17): Radawi 2635, 8020, 8240 ( c a t . , 11, p.130; Binish, p p . 1047-8); Mar'aahi 2376 ( c a t . , VI, p . 359); Malik 1341; Faydiyya, 6 MSS ( c a t . , I , pp.280-1); Berlin Min.248 ( c a t . , IV, p.158) Commentary: Mi'riij a/-shari'a, by Mubarnmad Mahdi al-Kalbisi, MSS: Majlis 3556-9 ( c a t . , X, pp.1520-2); DZnishgih 1215 ( c a t . , VI, p.2355); Ragawi 7987-92 ( c a t . , V, p.509); Mareashi 2307 ( c a t . , VI, p.45); 'Abd a l - ' ~ ~ i n4l ( c a t . , p.81) SAN B. JA'FAR

AL KASHIF AL-GHITA':

An wiir 01-faqiiho MSS: Majlis 22, 2311 K h u ' i , 4469-70 ( c a t . , VII, p . 2 0 , XII, pp.142-3); Astina 6368 ( c a t . , p p . 79-80); Faydiyya 14116 ( c a t . , 111, p . 5 ) ; uujjatiyya 336 ( c a t . , p.38); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 892 ( c a t . , 11, p.58); RacJawi 7451 ( B h i s h , p.609); Gawharshid 441 ( c a t . , p . 221); Mahdawi 81011, 81013 ( c a t . , p.128); Biqiriyya (AB, I , p.443)

~ I AL-JAWAHIR: B Jowiihir 01-kaliim, a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's Sharii'i' a/-lsliim. It has become the most popular reference work in S h i ' i legal studies. Editions: Najaf-~Qum-Tehran, 1377-1401 (in 43 vols.) and 5 others (see Mushir, cols. 261-3) Selected MSS: Uakirn 72-87 ( c a t . , I , pp.170-7); Gharb 1108-26 ( c a t . , pp. 78-80); Tabitabii'i 730-9 ( c a t . , V . , p p . 1849-53); Majlis 4657 ( c a t . , XIII, pp.43-4); Gawharshid 1229 ( c a t . , p.255) Commentaries: ( 1 ) 01-lnsiif, b y Mubarnmad TZhZ b . Mahdi Najaf alTabrizi ( d . 12231, edited Tehran, 1324; (2) Bobr 01-jawiihir, Persian, by 'Ali b . Mubarnmad Biqir al-BurCijini (early 14th c e n t u r y ) , MSS: Waziri 250 (cat., I , p.254); Masjid~iA'gam 1322 Najiit olk'ibiid, a collection of fatwiis - see below Commentaries: (1) WasTlat a/-ma'iid, h y IsmZ'TI b . Abmad al-'Aqili al-Niiri ( d . 13211, edited Tehran, 1324; ( 2 ) Adillat a/-rashiid, by Mubamrnad Busayn al-Qumsha'i , MSS: Tustariyya 476-91, 829 (cat., p,788); (3) Subul ol-roshiid, b y Abii T u r i b b . Abi '1-QZsim al-Miisawi al-Khwinsiri ( d . 13461, edited Najaf, 1332, MSS: Tustariyya 46811, 53812 ( c a t . , pp.801, 863, 865); ( 4 ) b y Abu '1-Majd al-IgfahZni, MS: Rawoiti (see AB, XIV, pp.lO1-2)

AD^

A L - T I H R ~ ~ -N Mubarnmad ~ H i d i b . Mubarnmad Amin ( d . 1321):

Wadii'i' a/-nubuwwa Edition: two p a r t s of t h e book are edited, t h e chapter on sale (Najaf, 1320) and t h e chapter on prayer ( T e h r a n , 1342) Selected MSS: Majlis 195012, 271712, 2720-1, 2753, 2762 ( c a t . , IX, pp.15-18, 38, 138-9, 165, 661-2); Radawi, 6 MSS (Binish, p.871); Gharb 8149 ( c a t . , p.205); Masjid-i A'Tarn 106911, 1175, 195211; Tustariyya (AB, XV, p . 188); UstZdi ( c a t . , p.26)

A N INTRODUCTION TO ~ H i ' fLAW

94

RIQA AL-I-IAMADANT :

B

Migbiib a/-foqTh, an uncompleted commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's Shorii 01-lsliim; only the first 5 chapters on acts of devotion and the chapte on mortgage Edition: Najaf, 1347; Tehran, 135311364 MSS: Q u q i q 141j ( c a t . , p . 4 6 8 ) ; Danishgih 3719 ( c a t . , XII, p.2720 Majlis 5049-50, 5054-5 ( c a t . , XV, pp.13-14, 16-17) MUJJAMMAD BASAN B. 'ABD

ALLAH AL-MHMAQANT ( d . 1323):

Dharii'i' ol-a~15m,a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's Shorii'i' a/-Isliim Edition: Tabriz, 1319-21 MSS: Milli 1163 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p.150); Gulpiyigini 522 ( c a t . , 11, p . 81)

A L - K H U R A S ~ N T: -

Takmilot 01-Tob~iro Edition: Tehran, 1328 MS: Niirbakhsh 48511 ( c a t . , 11, p.163)

-

AI-Loma'iit oolnoyyira, an uncompleted commentary on the previous work; only the chapter on ritual purity and a p a r t of the chapter on prayer Editon: Baghdad, 1331

A L - Y A Z D ~: Ai-'Urwa a/-Wuthqii Editions: Vol. 1, Tehran, 1382 and others:

Q I Y A ' AL-DTN

Vols. 2-3, Tehran, 1378

AL-'ARAQ~:

Shorb Tobzirat ol-muto'allimTn Edition: Najaf, 1345 (chapter on sale), Qum, 1397MS: Mar'ashi 3102 ( c a t . , VIII, p.326)

A B U 'L-QASAN A L - I B F A H ~ N ~ : WosTlat a/-najct Editions: Najaf, 1359 and others

A L - J J A K ~ M: Mustomsak o l ' U r w a ol-wuthqf, a commentary on al-Yazdi's a/-'Urwo 01-wuthqz Editions: Najaf, 1391 (14 vols.) and 3 others MUVAMMAD T A Q ~B. MUJJAMMAD A L - A M U L ~ ( d . 1391): Migb5b 01-hud5, a n uncompleted commentary on al-Yazdi's 01-'Urwo 01-wuthqii Edition: Tehran, 1377-

~ AIJMAD B. Y ~ S U FA L - M ~ S A WAL-KHWANSART: J5mi' al-modiirik, a commentary on al-Muhaqqiq's a/-Mukhta~ora/-nffi' Edition: Tehran

AL-KHUMAY

NT :

TobrTr ol-WasTlo Editions: Najaf, 1387, 1391

COLLECTIONS OF FA T W ~ S

MAD

AL-TABART: ~ u ' t o q o da/-lmiimiyyo, Persian Edition: Tehran, 1381 MSS: RawcJiti ( c a t . , I , p p . 33ff); Gharb 1083612 ( c a t . , p.450)

ONYMOUS (belonging to 6 t h l 7 t h c e n t u r y ) : Kitiib-i fiqh, Persian MS: Majlis 260 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, pp.430-3) D AL-RAIJTMB. M A ' R ~ F(9th c e n t u r y ) : Nay1 01-moriim, Persian MSS: DinishgZh 764 ( c a t . , V , p p . 2099-100); Sipahsiiliir 6175 ( c a t . , V, p.741); Marcashi 2891, 2712 ( c a t . , VII, p.281, VIII, p.93); Los Angeles M349 ( c a t . , p . 9 2 ) ; Fayaiyya 846 ( c a t . , 11, p.109); Gulpayig;ani 208 ( c a t . , I , p.184); Waziri 1587 ( c a t . , 111, p.995) L-JURJANT - Qiyii' al-Din 'Ali b . Sadid al-Din DZwiid (early 10th Risiilo dor fiqh, Persian Selected MSS: Waziri 112312 ( c a t . , 111, p . 865); Danishgih 319013 ( c a t . , XI, p.2187); FaycJiyya 161712 ( c a t . , 111, p.109); Saryazdi 415 ( c a t . , p.425) WZjibiit-i namiir , Parsian Selected MSS: Karachi ( c a t . , I , p p . 26-7);

Gharb 10836111 ( c a t . ,

Riszlo yi obkiim, a Persian translation of al-Karaki's collection of MS: Waziri 380813 ( c a t . , V, p . 1804) Usiil 01-dTn wo furii'uh MS: Danishgah 288816 ( c a t . , X, p.1733) USAYN B. 'ABD AL-JJAQQ

AL-ARDABTLT

( d . 950):

Zubdo = Fiqh-i shiihT, Persian Edition: Locknow, 1311 MSS: DinishgZh 771, 72311, 89913, 936, 5744 ( c a t . , V, pp.1766-71, XVI, p p . 80-1); Princeton 2858 Yahuda (Nosh., X, p . 25); Waziri 795, 33 ( c a t . , I , p.44, 11, p.670); Malik 2170 ( c a t . , 11, p . 581); Majlis 37, 126 K h u ' i , 4639, 5834 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 7 , VII, p.135, X, p.1727, XIII, p p . 29-30, XVII, pp ,246-50); Nawwib 206 law ( c a t . , p.449); Bengal 1 4 7 7 ( c a t . , 11, p.269); Gharb 1400 ( c a t . , p.26) L - A R D A B ~:L ~ Risiila d a r $olZt wo $owm, Persian MSS: RacJawi 2759 ( c a t . , V, p.439); Danishgzh 87819 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1885-6); Gawharshid 99812 ( c a t . , p . 121)

96

COLLECTIONS OF FA TWJS

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW

'ABD

ALLAH AL-TUSTART:

Wfjibft-i nomfz , Persian MSS: Gawharshid 1623 ( c a t . , p . 122); Dinishgih 271118, 3224 (cat. X, p.1589, XI, p.2185); Radawi 2436, 2441 ( c a t . , 11, pp.70-1)

BAHA'

Minhfj 01-nojft, on dogmatics and acts of devotion MS: Milli 192211 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 591)

A L - D ~ N AL-'AMIL~ :

Persian treatises on various topics, mostly on acts of

Jiimimi'-i 'AbbiisT, Persian, on acts of devotion Editions: Bombay, 1319 and others Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 2531 ( c a t . , I , p . 15); Bodleian Pers. 1784 ( c a t . , 111, p p . 1031-2); Vatican Pers. 15 (cat. Persian, p . 41); Leide 1283 Schult. ( c a t . , IV, p . 178) Translation: Arabic, anonymous, MS: Khilisi ( c a t . , p .56) Completion: ( 1 ) h y Nizim al-Din Mubarnmad b . uusayn al-Sawiji ( d . 1038), edited repeatedly; (2) by Zayn al-'Ahidin al-gusayni (mid-11th c e n t u r y ) , on pilgrimage (mazFr) and inheritance, MSS: Faygiyya 847117 ( c a t . , 111, p.30); AstSna 6054 ( c a t . , p . 192); Majlis 45 (cat. , I , p . 13) Commentaries: (1) by 'Ali' B u r h i n al-Tabrizi ( d . after 1054),MS: Asafiyya 176 S h i ' i law (Cat., IV, p.481); (2) by MuPammad b . 'Ali b . Khwitiin al-'Amili ( d . 10571, MSS: Malik 1434, 5878 ( c a t . , 11, p.499); Tabriz, Milli 3076 (cat. of microfilms of D i n i s h g i h , 11, p . 75)

AL-DAMAD

:

Shori' 01-nojiit, Persian, on acts of devotion Edition: Tehran, 1401 (in t h e collection of ithnf'oshar risiilo li . . . 'I-DZimiid) Selected MSS: Faydiyya 142512 ( c a t . , 111, p . 9 0 ) ; Majlis 455315 ( c a t . , XII, pp ,236-7) ; Dinishgih 7074 ( c a t . , XVI , p ,445)

M i i yojib 'qlo 'I-mukollof 'omoluh wo I f yoso'uh johluh MS: Tustariyya (AB, XIX, p.35) Nukhbot 01-wiijibft MSS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXIV, p . 100); Tustariyya 63312 ( c a t . , p . 870)

xdiib 01-tijiiro, on transactions, two versions: Arabic and Persian Edition: Arabic version, Tehran, 1290 and others; Persian version, Tabriz , 1321 and others Al-Tubfa 01-tfusoyniyya, on prayer and fasting MSS: Dznishgih 1615 ( c a t . , VIII , p . 205) ; Sipahsilir 646412 ( c a t . , 111, p.359); Faydiyya 1485 ( c a t . , I , p.40) Translation: Persian, MS: JJujjatiyya 59711 ( c a t . , p . 115) AHDT A L - N A R A Q ~ :

AL-MAJLIS~ I : tfadTqot 01-muttoqTn, Persian, on acts of devotion Selected MSS: Gulpiyigini 7 1 7 (cat., 11, p ,641; Sipahsilir 1863 ( c a t . , 1 , p.405); Uujjatiyya 400 ( c a t . , p.11); Ustadi ( c a t . , p.46); Cambridge C. 1619 Browne ( c a t . , p . 21) RAFT' AL-DTN AL-NA'TNT: T a h i t a b i ' i ( d . 1082):

~ a r ' a s h i15, 187, 1602, 1683, 3034, 3050 ( c a t . , I , pp. p p . 5 , 78, VIII, pp.225, 269); Gulpiyigini 1223, 1305, 1449 ( c a t . , 11, pp.63, 236, 260); Fayaiyya 1747 ( c a t . , 111, p.128); Mill7 1854f ( c a t . , IV, pp; 313-17)

MuPammad b . Vaydar a l - a u s a y n i al-

Risiila-yi 'omaliyyo, Persian, on acts of devotion MS: Dinishgih 170712 ( c a t . , VIII, p.254)

AnTs 01-tujjiir, Persian, on transactions Editions: Tehran, 1317, 1329, 1349 MSS: Sipahsilir 2546 ( c a t . , I , p p . 368-9); uuqiiq 185j ( c a t . , p . 2 0 ) ; Raaawi 6184 (Binish, p.609); Waziri 1017 ( c a t . , 111, p.823) MSS:

p'owiyya, Persian Waziri 1937 ( c a t . , 111, p.1100)

AL-HAMADLNT : A / - Tubfa 01-shohTdiyyo, Persian MS: Milli 302916f ( c a t . , VI, p.810)

AL-SABZAWAF~: -

-

-

-

Khiliifiyya, Persian, on acts of devotion Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 66, 52811 ( c a t . , I , pp.76-7, 11, p . 133); Faydiyya 330 ( c a t . , 111, p.200); Radawi 2393 ( c a t . , 11, p.56); Biqiriyya (AB, XVI, p.280) Risiila dor mo'rifat-i abkiim-i shor'iyyo, Persian MSS: Radawi 705518 ( c a t . , V, p.489); Gulpgyigini 1190 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 8 ) ; Waziri 1191 ( c a t . , 111, p.889) Mosii'il-i mutaforriqo, Persian, on acts of devotion MS: Radawi 705513 ( c a t . , V, p.489) Risiila-yi 'amoliyyo, Persian MS: Radawi 2425 ( c a t . , 11, p.66)

Y N B. 'ABD

AL-BAQT AL-HuSAYNT AL-KHWLTCINABAD~

MoziibTb 01-qulub, Persian, on acts of devotion MSS: Mar'ashi 420 ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 4 ) ; ~ u l p i y i g i n i1066, 1557 ( c a t . , 11, p.170); UstZdi ( c a t . , p.55) IjUSAYN

AL

'u$FOR:

A/-Fatiiwf 01-tfusoyniyyo MS: Mar'ashi 2350 ( c a t . , VI, p.325)

KASHIF AL-GHITA': Bughyat 01-tiilib, on dogmatics and prayer Selected MSS: Majlis 4588 ( c a t . , XII, p p . 286-7);

Mar'ashi 60211,

98

COLLECTIONS OF FA TWXS

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHi'i LAW 1539 ( c a t . , 11, p.195, IV, p.339); Tarbiyat 252 ( c a t . , p.28); Los Angeles M9313 ( c a t . , p,661); I-larvard (Nosh., IX, p.348) Completion: by Basan A1 Kishif a l - G h i t i ' , on fasting and seclusion, MS: Mar'ashi 60215 ( c a t . , 11, p . 196) Translation: Tuhfat 01-riighib , Persian, by S Q i b al-Maqibis, MSS: Malik 2590 ( c a t . , 11, p . 5 8 ) ; Radawi 2284 (Binish, p.634)

p,lll);

R~~ A L - F U S ~ ~ L = Muhammad JJusayn b . Muhammad Rahim a a l l ~ f a h i n i

R isZio-yi 'amoliyyo, Persian MS: Gawharshid, 1717 (Cat., p.122)

S A ~ I BAL-RIYAP: -

-

WIQR B .

Zohr a/-riyZd, Persian, compiled by Abii 'Ali MuPammad b . Ismi'il al-Hi'iri al-Mizandarzni ( d . 1216) on the basis of RiyZ@oolmosZ'il Selected MSS: Dinishgih 5703, 7163 ( c a t . , XVI, p p . 71, 471); Waziri 1376, 1454 ( c a t . , 111, pp.942, 954); Buriijirdi (AB, XII, p.71); Nujiimi ( c a t . , p.274)

-

Mukhtazosr-i Risiiio-yi 'amoliyya, Persian, on acts of devotion, by Ibrihim b . vusayn al-yusayni MS: Mar'ashi 1956 ( c a t . , V, p . 329)

Tuhfot a/-,obrZr, Persian, on prayer Selected MSS: Waziri 129 ( c a t . , I , p . 168); FayCliyya 769 and 2 other MSS ( c a t . , 11, p.20; Ustzdi ( c a t . , p.44) Abridgements: ( 1 ) by Muhammad Taqi al-Harawi; [he later wrote a commentary on this abridgement, entitled Koshf 01-aster, MS: Mashhad, Adabiyyit 119 Fayyig ( c a t . , p . 135)l; (2) ol-WalTzo, Persian, by Muhammad Ja'far al-Abada'i , edited I r a n , n . d . , selected MSS: Mar'ashi 528 13 ( c a t . , 11, p . 134) ; uujjatiyya 273 ( c a t . , p .30); Sipahsilir 2371 ( c a t . , I , p . 508); Masjid-i A'qam 9305; ( 3 ) Hidiiyot 01-okhyiir, Persian, by t h e same a u t h o r , MS: Mar'ashi 52814 ( c a t . , 11, p.134)

Mu'Tn o l - k h a w ~ i s ~on , acts of devotion Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 18, 720 ( c a t . , I , p . 3 0 , 11, p.315); Gulpiyigi 139111 ( c a t . , 11, p . 254) ; Sipahsilir ( c a t . , I , pp.426, 524); Tustariyya (AB , XXI, p . 284) ; DZnishgih 3608 (cat. , XII, p . 2613) ; Gawharshad 1 7 4 7 ( c a t . , p.403) Murshid ol-'owZmm, Persian, on acts of devotion Selected MSS: Raaawi 2612-13, 7614, 7938 (Binish, p.1002); Gulpiyigini 694, 726 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 165, 206); Fayoiyya ( c a t . , 11, p.98); Huqiiq 2 1 1 j ( c a t . , p.191); Majlis 189, 2902, 4086, 5991 ( c a t . , I , p.57, X, p.292, XII, p p . 8405; XVII, pp.364-5); Milii 2152f, 2196f (cat. , V, pp . 206, 281-2)

SHALLAL AL-'AFKAWY A L - N A J A F ~ ( d . 1255):

Jonnot a/-khuld, on dogmatics and acts of devotion MSS: Dinishgah 7147 ( c a t . , XVI, p.465); Milti 18 Arabic ( c a t . , VII, p . 2 0 ) ; Radawi 2351 (Bifiish, p . 6 8 4 ) ; Bakim 1650m ( c a t . , 1, p.163)

A L - Q U M M ~: -

Faydiyya 767 ( c a t . , 11, p.110)

-

JawZhir 01-mosZ'ii, Persian, on p r a y e r , compiled by Muhammad Mahdi b . Muhammad B i q i r al-Mahalliti on t h e basis of al-Shafti's MolZli' MS:

-

Mar'ashi 2541 ( c a t . , VII, pp.124-5)

MonZsik-i hajj, Persian MS: Gawharshid 1765 ( c a t . , p . 107)

AL-MUJAHID: IsIZh 01- 'omol Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 63514, 1082 ( c a t . , 11, p.236, 111, pp.261-2) Translation: Persian, by Hasan b . Muhammad 'Ali al-Ui'iri al-yazdi, MSS: Fayoiyya, 906 and 5 other MSS ( c a t . , 11, pp.28-9); Uujjatiyya 403 ( c a t . , p . 7 ) ; Ilihiyyit 821d ( c a t . , 11, p . 4 ) ; Dinishgah 7230 ( c a t . , XVI, p.494) Abridgements: ( 1 ) MisbFb a/-tor7q , Persian, by Uasan b . Muhammad 'Ali al-Yazdi, MSS: Dinishgah 7160 ( c a t . , XVI, p.469); Fayoiyya, 3 MSs ( c a t . , 11, p.100); Masjid-i A'zam 4465; ( 2 ) rubfat ol-muqallj&n Persian, by Husayn b . Muhammad ai-Wi'ig al-Tustari ( d . after 1240), MS: vujjatiyya 70316 ( c a t . , p . 122); (3) by Karim b . Hasan alI r a w i n i , MS: Mar'ashi 2591 ( c a t . , VII, p.179) 'ABD ALLAH SHUBBAR - 'Abd Allah b . Muhammad ~ i g ail - ~ u s a y n i al-Kizimi ( d . 1242): -

RisZIo f; 'I-tahZro wa 'ikgolZt MS: Raoawi 2747 ( c a t . , V, p.442) Zubdat 01-do171 = o/-Wo,7ra MSS: Mar'ashi 339'7 ( c a t . , I X , pp.182-3);

MUHAMMAD

zr

( c a t . , p.1132)

ABMAD A L - N A R ~ Q ~ : WasTlat a/-najzt, Persian, on acts of devotion MSS: SipahsilZr 1924 ( c a t . , I , p . 554); Marcashi 2918 ( c a t . , ~ 1 1 1 ,

AL-KALBAST:

$A~IB AL-JAWAHIR: NojZt a/-'ibiid Edition: T e h m n , 1291 and others Selected MSS: DanishgZh 1830 ( c a t . , VIII, p.428); ~ a l i k2929 ( c a t . , I , p . 765); Mar'ashi 2397 ( c a t . , VI, p . 378) Translations: ( 1 ) Persian, by 'Ali b. Ibrihim al-Husayni al-Siwiji, MS: Gulpiyigini 570 ( c a t . , 11, p . 86) ; ( 2 ) Persian, by Abu 'Tilib b . 'Abd al-Muttalib al-JJusayni al-HamadZni ( d . 1266), edited Tehran,

-

Rasht

IBRAHTM

IrshZd 01-mustorshidin, Persian Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 52812 ( c a t . , 11, p.133); Gulpiyigini 926, 1053 ( c a t . , 11, p . 9 ) ; Faydiyya, 2 MSS ( c a t . , 11, p . 12); ~ a z i r i2 4 1 ( c a t . , I , p.240)

-

Siriit 01-nojZt, Persian, compiled by Muhammad 'Ali a l - ~ a z d i Edition: Tehran, 1319 and o t h e r s Selected MSS: yujjatiyya 619 ( c a t . , p . 19); GulpiyigEni 1588 ( c a t . , Translation: Arabic, MS: Amir a l - ~ u ' m i n i n (AB, XV, pp.38-9) RisZila-yi 'amaiiyya, Persian, complied by 'Ali b . Muhammad al-Tustari

100 MS:

Gawharshid 1099 ( e a t . , p.123)

IJASAN B. ' A L ~A L - B U S A Y N ~ ( d . after 1268): Hidiiyot al-tiilibiii , Persian, on prayer MS: Mar'ashi 740 ( c a t . , 11, p.341) MUWAMMAD B. MAHDf AL-ASHRAFT

AL-MAZANDARANT ( d . 1315):

Sha 'Z'ir al-lsliim = Su 'ZI wo iowzb, Persian Edition: Tehran, 1312

AL-YAZDT

101

A/-l'liim f l mii ittofoqot 'aloyh ol-lmijmiyyo min al-abkiim mimmii ittofoqat nl-'Ammo 'a15 khilrffihim fTh -. Edition: Najaf, 1372 MSS: DinishgZh 147613 ( c a t . , VIII, p .128) ; sahib al-Dhari'a (cat. of microfilms of DZnishgih, I , p . 676) Al-Masii'il al-NoysZbibrjriyyo MS: Mar'ashi (AB, V, p.240) Al-masii'jl allot7 so'olohii ol-shoykh AbG Jo'far ol-Tiis? MS: Majlis 564313 ( c a t . , XVII, p.97)

:

Alk'Urwo a/-wuthqii - see above, section A. It is the most popular Arabic collection of fatwZs among later Shi'i jurists up to the present time, on which most of them wrote marginal glosses when their opinions differed from those stated in this work. Translation: 01-GhZya al-qu$wii, Persian, by 'AbbZs b . Mubanmad Ri@ial-Qummi ( d . 13591, edited Baghdad and Tabriz , 1330-6 A B U 'L-WASAN

AL-ISFAHXNI:

WasTlot 01-nojiit - see above, section A AL-BUR~JIRDT- uusayn b . 'Ali a1-Tabitabi'i ( d . 1380): T a w 0 al-masii'il, Persian, now the most popular Persian collection of fatwiis, on which most contemporary S h i ' i jurists have written marg glooses. Many different versions of this work have appeared, reflec the slightly varying opinions of different jurists. Editions: Tehran, 1337 and others AL-~AK~M:

Jawiibiit 01-mosii'il al-Mow~iliyyo MSS: Ragawi 144814-5 ( c a t . , 11, p.38); Majlis 281912-3 ( c a t . , X, p p . 126-31); Khilisi ( c a t . , p.288); uakim 438 ( c a t . , 1, p.32); Sibib al-Dhari'a' (cat. of microfilms of DZnishgih, I , p . 574)

....-

., ,

-Dhari 'a (cat. of microfiims of ~ i < i s h ~ Z h I ,, p . 574) Tmnslation: Persian, bv M . H . B . Kiihsurkhi , edited Mashhad, 1389 (in NrSmo-yi fitiini-i ~ u & s XXXI, , pp.36-57) jowzbCt mos6'il ol-shorTf Abi 'I-uusoyn ol-Mubosson b. Mubarnmod b. ol-Niizir ol-HosonT 01-Ross? = a/-Mosii'il ol-Rossiyyiit MSS: Radawi 2646 ( c a t . , 11, p.134); SipahsZlir 253312 ( c a t . , V, p.562); Khilisi ( c a t . , p.288); Majlis 518715 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 7 ) ; DZnishgZh 6914110 ( c a t . , XVI, p.398); Sahib al-Dhari'a (cat. of microfilms of DZnishgZh, I , p . 574); uakim (Nosh., V, p . 427) Jowiibiit al-mosij'il ol-Riiziyyiit MSS: DinishgZh 231914 ( e a t . , IX, 13.949); RaQawi 2429 ( c a t . , 11, p . 67); Kbiligi ( ( c a t . , p . 288); SZhib al-Dhari'a (cat. of microfilms of DinishgZh, I , p.574); IJakim 438 ( c a t . , I , p.31); Mar'ashi 369415 ( c a t . , X, p.93)

Minhiij 01-$ZlibTn Editions: Najaf, 1372 and others

A L - K H U M A Y N ~: TabrTr ol-WosTla - see above, section A.

C MISCELLANEOUS WORKS AL-MUF~D: -

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

A N INTRODUCTION TO S ~ f ' fLAW

A I k ' A wT7 fi 'I-fiqh MSS: ~ a r ' a s h i243112, 255117, 78111, 369412 ( c a t . , I , pp.93, 269, 285, X, p.92); Dinishgih 696318, 104511, 717719 ( c a t . , V, pp.1947-8, XVI, pp.413, 475); Princeton 139912 New Series; Waziri (Nosh., I V , p.397); GawharshZd 109011 ( c a t . , p.353); Majlis 8120 Khu'i ( e a t . , VII, p . 196); GuIpZyigZni 2248/2 ( e a t . , 111, p.208); Khiligi ( c a t . , p.281) Abridgement: anonymous, MS : Majlis 4900 ( c a t . , XIV, p . 96) Translation: Persian, by Abu '1-~Zsim b . Muhammad KiGim a l - ~ u s ~ y ~ i a l - ~ i i s a w i ,MS: DZnishgih 441911 ( c a t . , X I I I , p.3391)

Jowiibiit a/-mosii'il olTobbiiniyyiit MSS: Radawi 144811 (cat., 11, p.37); KhZlisi ( c a t . , p.288); SZbib al-Dhari'a (cat. of microfilms of DinishgZh, I , p . 574); ljakim 436 ( c a t . , I , p.30) Jowiibiir a/-mosii'il olToriibulusiyyiit MSS: SipahsZlZr 253318 ( c a t . , V, p.560); Majlis 518718 + 13 ( c a t . , XVI, p p . 8-11); DZnishgZh 6166, 6914122 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.311, 398-9); KhZlisi ( c a t . , p . 289); $ipib al-Dhari'a (eat. of microfilms of Dinishgih, I , p.574); Wakim 438 ( c a t . , I , pp.31-2)

...-. .- ,-. . . . - - . -. .

,, MS: DZnishgZh 108015 ( c a t . , 111, pp.612-13) Translation: Persian, by Muhammad SZdiq al-Sirkini, MS: WaZiri (cat. of microfilms of Dinishgih , I , p . 703)

Shotiit ol-fowii'id wa 'I-masii'il, including: (a) ol-hlasci'il a/-NTliyyiit ( b ) ol-Mosii'il ol-Romliyyiit (.c , ) 01-Mosii'iI a/-Wiisitivviit -,, and some others of his scattered writings MSS: Berlin Pet . 4 O ( c a t . , IV, pp.347-8); Princeton 2751 Yahuda ( c a t . , 137); Majlis 5187111 ( c a t . , XVI, p.10); SipahsilZr 252411 (Cat., V,

AN INTRODUCTION TO S H i ' i LAW

102

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

p p . 5 5 7 - 9 ) ; Rar)awi 1448 ( c a t . , 11, p . 6 6 ) ; S i b i b al-Dhari'a (AB, X p . 2 2 2 ) ; uakim 432 ( c a t . , I , p . 3 3 ) ; K i s h i n , 'Atifi ( N o s h . , XI-XII, p p . 953-4) -

Two o t h e r collections of al-Sharif al-Murtar)irs answers t o various legal a n d theological questions MS: D i n i s h g i h 108016-7 ( c a t . , 11, p . 6 1 3 )

ABO YA'LA

- Mu4ammad b . Ijasan b . IJamza al-Ja'firi

( d . 463):

103

Mubarnmad al-NiIi , a scholar of t h e same period, s e e Afandi , V, p . 338; AghZ B u z u r g , XXIV, p p . 125-6) Edition: T e h r a n , 1318; Najaf, 1386 Selected MSS: Bengal 624 ( c a t . , I , p . 3 0 8 ) ; K i s h i n , Rar)awi 237 ( c a t . , p . 4 4 ) ; Majlis 8148, 2766 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1 7 5 ) ; Princeton 2321 Yahuda ( c a t . , p . 1 3 7 ) ; Mar'ashi 683, 1129, 1 7 7 1 , 279613 ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 7 7 , 111, p . 3 0 2 , V, p . 1 5 1 , VII, p . 3 6 2 ) ; GulpiyigZni 104313 ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 2 2 ) ; DZnishgih 7128 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 4 6 1 ) ; Waziri 11015 ( c a t . , I ,

MasC'il mutaforriqa MS: Majlis 8128 K h u ' i ( c a t . , VII, p . 3 5 2 )

A jwibat 01-masC'il al-Muhannz'iyyo

AL-SHAYKH: AI-MasC'il a/-YC'iriyyot MSS: Amir al-Mu'minin (JJujjati, p . 6 6 3 ) ; p . 320)

Mar'ashi 151913 ( c a t . , IV,

A L - R ~ W A N :D ~ MasF'il, Persian Edition: T e h r a n , 1374 (in Farhang-i Iran zomTn, 111, p p .263-7) IBN SHANRASHOB: MutoshFbih a/-Qur'Cn wa mukhtolifuh Edition: T e h r a n , 1369 MS: Majlis 5440 ( c a t . , XVII, p . 3 2 5 )

Edition: Qum, 1401 Selected MSS: DZnishgZh 102211, 147414, 214413, 247716, 239611, 6710159 (ca:. , V, p p . 2 0 2 1 - 5 , VIII, p . 1 2 6 , IX, p p . 8 2 0 , 1245, XV, p . 4 2 3 7 , XVI, p . 3 4 2 ) ; Radawi 2822, 2330-2, 2727, 2799 ( c a t . , 11, p . 36, V, p p . 396-8); Majlis 4566, 5192 ( c a t . , XII, p p . 259-60, XVI, pp. 18-20); GulpiyigZni 1 7 5 1 ( c a t . , 111, p . 4 5 ) ; Malik 2510 ( c a t . , 1, p . 6 6 7 ) ; Ijuqiiq 1012d ( c a t . , p . 4 5 9 ) ; I l i h i y y i t 24614d ( c a t . , I , p . 2 6 6 ) ; Mar'ashi 1409 ( c a t . , IV, p p . 1 8 7 - 9 ) ; Nawwab 213 law ( c a t . , p . 4 7 5 ) ; India Office 1797 ( c a t . , 11, p . 3 0 9 ) ; Princeton 96011 New Series

A jwibat masZ'il Ibn Zuhra MSS: DZnishgZh 147413, 3514117 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 1 2 5 , XII, p . 2 6 5 2 6 ) ; Vakirn 548 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 8 ) ; IJuqiiq 17811j ( c a t . , p . 4 6 0 ) Ajwibat 01-mas6'il a/-fiqhiyya MSS: Majlis 564312 ( c a t . , XVII, p . 9 7 ) ;

DinishgZh 262115 ( c a t . , IX,

IBN IDRTS: Masci'il f7 ob'Ziq' al-fiqh wa jawCbFtuhC MS: f-lakim 570 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 8 ) AL-MUWAQQIQ: -

Al-'lzziyya MSS: U s t i d i ( c a t . , p . 6 9 ) ; Majlis 1307 ( c a t . , IV, p . 9 2 ) ; D i n i s h g a h 147411 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 1 2 4 ) ; KhXliS ( c a t . , p , 2 8 9 ) ; Buriijirdi ( c a t . , p . 3 7 ) ; Raaawi 205 ( B i n i s h , p . 9 1 5 )

'Iqd al-jowChir fi 'I-ashbzh wa ' I - n a ~ o ' i r MS: Mar'ashi 6 7 1 1 ( c a t . , I , p p . 7 7 - 8 0 ) KHR AL-MUIJAQQIQ~N: Al-MasC'il a/-TimuliyyCt MSS: DZnishgih 101212, 214412 ( c a t . , V, p p . 2 0 1 5 - 1 7 , IX, p . 8 2 0 )

A/-MasE'il a/-BaghdCdiyyo MSS: Raaawi 2655 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 3 7 ) ; Majlis 2761113 ( c a t . , IX, p p . 162-3); Khiligi ( c a t . , p . 2 8 9 ) ; Masjid-i A'zarn 4377

MosE'il ba'p' a/-ajillo MSS: DXnishgih 147415 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 1 2 7 ) ;

-

A/-MosZ'il al-KomCliyyo MS: Malik 1626111 (Danishpazhiih, p p .3-4)

MosC'il b a ' j a/-fup'alC' MS: I l i h i y y i t 10615d ( c a t . , I , p. 235)

-

Al-Maso'il a/-Khwiiriyycit = a/-Masz'il a/-Tabariyyo MSS: D i n i s h g i h 592311, 231915 ( c a t . , IX, p . 4 9 4 , XVI, p . 1 5 4 ) ; Milli 1943110 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 6 2 0 )

Al-MasE'il 01-fiqhiyya MSS: DZnishgih 1804, 539613, 5237 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 3 8 0 , XV, p p . 4 1 7 2 , 4 2 3 7 ) ; Ijakim 548 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 8 )

-

Al-MasE'il ol-Mizriyya MSS: Rar)awi 2654 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 3 7 ) ; Majlis 1307, 2761112 ( c a t . , IV, p . 9 2 , IX, pp. 161-2); DinishgZh 592312, 147412 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 1 2 4 , XVI, p . 1 5 4 ) ; Khiligi ( c a t . , p . 2 8 9 ) ; Masjid-i A'zam 4377

Al-MosC'il 01-MacChiriyya, compiled b y Zayn al-Din 'Ali b . Basan b . Mazihir al-IJilli ( d . a f t e r 786) MS: D i n i s h g i h 119211 ( c a t . , VI, p . 2 3 4 1 )

-

A/-Mustalo~Zt01-fiqhiyya MS: D i n i s h g i h 73871101 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 5 3 4 )

-

Al-MasF'il 01-NFsiriyyFt MS: Malik 649 ( c a t . , I , p . 6 6 7 ) BN NAJM A L - D ~ N - JJasan

YAJJYA B . SA'TD: Nuzhat a/-ni2ir (also a t t r i b u t e d t o Muhadhdhab al-Din JJusayn b .

Mar'ashi 45711 ( c a t . ,

d.

Ayyiib al-Atriwi al-'Amill

MosE'il Ibn Najm MS: T e h r a n , R i o i Zanjini (AB, XX, p p . 3 3 3 - 4 )

(mid-8th

A N INTRODUCTION TO

104

s ~ i ' LAW i

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

AL-SHAHID AL-AWWAL:

105

Malik 1302 ( c a t . , I , p . 176); (ii) MS: Qakim 1697 ( c a t . , I , ) ; (iii) MS: Gulpiyigini 827 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 ) ; ( i v ) ~ s : s i p a h s i l i r

-

~ j ~ j a/-mosii'il b ~ t 01-fiqhiyyo, compiled by his son

c a t . , I , p.409, V, p.561); ( v ) MS: same library 117611 ( c a t . , pp.285-6); ( v i ) D i n i s h g i h 696316 ( c a t . , XVI, p.413); (vii) MS: library 717717 ( i b i d . , XVI, p.475); (viii) MS: same library 198 ( c a t . , XVI, p.534)

MSS: Raaawi 2369-70, 2351 (cat., 11, p.39) -

Ajwibot rnasii'il a/-Miqdiid b . ' A b d Alliih 01-SuyGri

MSS: Raaawi 421, 7210 ( c a t . , 11, p.130, V, P.355) -

: Astina 584412 ( c a t . , p.219)

A j w i b o t mosii'il Mubornmod b . Mujiihid

MS: gakim 742 ( c a t . , I , p.29) -

Arba'

-Mosmiiro, Persian, his answers to legal questions compiled by Shams

Din Mubarnmad Mitqilbif : Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid CAB, XXI, p.25)

mosii'il f i q h i y y o

MS: Dinishgih 2711 ( c a t . , X, P. 1591)

A H ~ DAL-THANT :

IBN FAHD: -

A j w i b o t ol-rnosii'il a / - f i q h i y y o

MS: -

A/-Masii'il 01-bobriyyo

MSS: -

A jwibot m a ~ i i ' i lu u s a y n b . RobT'o a/-ModonT

BZqiriyya (AB, XII, p.242) Raaawi 2632 ( c a t . , 11, p.130);

MS: Majlis 519216 ( c a t . , XVI, p.21) Majlis 4566115 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2

A / - M o s i i 3 i / 01-Shiimiyyo = Masii'il so'olohii 01-shaykh ?ohTr 01-DTn b . 01-uusiirn 01-'ZimilT

MSS: Majlis 4566114 ( c a t . , XII, p . 265); DZnishgih 696317 ( c a t . , X p.413) -

A/-Lawiimi'

MSS: Raaawi 2633, 2637, 6537 ( c a t . , 11, pp.130-1, V, p.487); 4566116 ( c a t . , XII, pp.265); ZanjZni 2313 ( c a t . , p.198)

M

Ajwibot masii'il l b n F o r r i i j

MS: Majlis 519215 ( c a t . , XVI, p.-21) Ajwibat a/-masii'il 01-Miizibiyyo

MS: Ijuqiiq 22815j ( c a t . , p.231); ~ a r ' a s h i125913 ( c a t . , IV, p.60) Ajwibot a/-rnosii'il a/-Nojofiyya

MS:

Majlis 2761111 ( c a t . , IX, p.161)

A jwibot ol-rnosii'il 01-fiqhiyyo, compiled by Fadl Allih al-gusayni al-

Astaribidi MSS: DZnishgZh 2144143 ( c a t . , IX, p.829); Majlis 4566117, 534013 ( c a t . , XII, p.266, XVI, p.252); Sipahsilir 604113 ( c a t . , IV, p.110 Ustidi ( c a t . , p.68); Raaawi 677 (Binish, p.847) Translation: by Mubarnmad gidiq al-Sirkini , MS: Waziri ( c a t . of microfilms of DZnishgZh, I , p ;702) -

-

-

A jwibot a/-rnosii'il a / - f i q h i y y a

MSS: Raaawi 2333-4 ( c a t . , 11, pp.36-7); D i n i s h g i h 696314-5 ( c a t . , XVI, p.412); Tustariyya (AB, XII, p.247) A jwibot a/-rnosii'il 01-Saymariyyo MS: S h i r i z i (AB, 11, p.89, V, p.204) A j w i b a t mosii'il worodot

MS: -

fT Mubarram

sono 929 ' o n a/-siido a/-'ularnii'

DZnishgih 87211 (cat., V, p . 1807)

Ajwibot masii'il mawliinii Yiisuf a/-MiizandariinT

MS:

MS: DZnishgih 3414122 ( c a t . , XII, p.2527) A jwibot masii'il a / - s o y y i d Shorof a/-DTn a/-SomiikT

A L - K A R A K ~: -

Raoawi 724512 ( c a t . , V, p.497)

A jwibat rnasii'il S h u k r b . uomdiin

Al-TonbTh ' a l i i g h o r i i ' i b man l i i yahp'uruh a / - f o q i h

MS:

Raaawi 724511 ( c a t . , V, pp.496-7)

A jwibat a/-mosii'il 01-Shiirniyyo

MS:

M U F L I ~AL-SAYMART:

Raaawi 160 law ( c a t . , 11, p.48);

SipahsZlZr 604112 ( c a t . , V, p.120)

MSS: Dinishgih 209915 ( c a t . , VIII, p.727); guqiiq 28814j ( c a t . , p.231); Raaawi 159 law ( c a t . , 11, p.48); 'Abd al-'Aqim 235 ( c a t . , p.445); Bengal ( c a t . , I , p.320); Qakim (AB, XX, pp.6-7) Fawii'id m u t o f o r r i q a

MS: Raaawi 2897 ( c a t . , V, p.469) MajrnTi'ot o l - i E d i i t = a / - R o s i i ' i l , a collection of 1 2 treatises of which 8 are legal (see below, chapter 6) Edition: Tehran, 1313 Selected MSS: Majlis 265, 447118, 535413 ( c a t . , XII, p.146, XVI, p . 2 6 5 ) ; Quqiiq 228j ( c a t . , pp.232, 285, 311, 328, 330, 401, 492); Raaawi 2364-8 ( c a t . , 11, pp.47-8, 141-2); Dinishgih 2099, 320518, 625511, 7203 ( c a t . , VII, pp.272-8, XI, p.2163, XVI, pp.228, 486); Zanjin ( c a t . , p p . 140-1) ; D i r al-Kutub 19179b, 3326j ( c a t . , I , pp.278, 381, 388, 391); Los Angeles M120, MI69 ( c a t . , p.667); Tustariyya 140 ( c a t . , pp 835-6); Baku MI40141 ( N o s h . , IX, p.242): Bakim 1656m; 'Abd al-'A~im 235 ( c a t . , p.445); Mar'ashi 1777, 2362, 44417 ( c a t . , 11, p.49, V, p p . 157-8, VI, p.346); Gulpiyigini 175115 c a t . I , 4 1 Masjid-i A'zam 45111 Mosii'il a/-tilrnTdh

-

A j w i b o t a/-rnasii'il a / - f i q h i y y o , compiled by 'Ali b . Abi '1-FatQ al-

MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XX, p.341) Al-Mukh t i i r min rnowiiq'i' 01-khiliif f7 mosii'il k i t i i b a/-Lum'a a/-Dimoshqiyyo

-

Mazra'i alk'xmili Edition; Sidon, 1348-9 (in al-Amin al-'Amilii's Ma'iidin a / - j a w i i h i r , I , p p . 345-51) A j w i b o t a/-rnosii'il a / - f i q h i y y a , answers to different legal questions:

MS:

Bengal 640 ( c a t . , I , p.316)

Al-TonbTh ' o l i i rnosii'il i d d a ' i i F h i i a/-Shoykh a/-Tiis7 a/-ijmii' mo'o

106

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW

o n n a h n o f s o h khZlof S h a y k h 01-Tci'ifa

,f7bukrn rnZ i d d a ' Z a/-ijmZ' fib = Risiilo

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

IT ijrn?'?

Editions: Tehran, 1308 (together with al-Shahid al-Awwal's 01-Alfiyy Mashhad, 1392 (in the collection of 01-Dhikr? o l - a l f i y y o l i ' I - S h o y k h a / - T C s T , pp.789-98) MSS: Gulpiyigini 1484 ( c a t . , 11, p.45); DinishgZh 636913 ( c a t . , XVI, p.253); IlihiyyZt 56113 ( c a t . , I , pp.328-9); Amir al-Mu'rninin 358 ( N o s h . , V , p.414)

F ~ U S A Y NB . 'ABD AL-SAMAD B . SHAMS A L - ' A M I L ~ ( d . 984): -

-

MUVAMMAD A L - H ~ R I T

Fayaiyya 141513 ( c a t . , 111, p.90)

A / - l t h n i i ' o s h o r i y y a = ' U y C n 01-mos?'il

01-fiqhiyyo

MSS: Princeton 23213 New Series; Dinishgih 859, 183718 ( c a t . , V, pp.1760-1, ,VIII, p.434); JJuqiiq 1013d ( c a t . , pp.230-1); I s f a h i n , Madrasa-yi Sadr ( N o s h . , V, p ,312); Tiflis 69919 (ibid., VIII, p . 260) UVAMMAD TAQT B. ABI 'L-JJASAN AL-IjUSAYNf (mid-11th c e n t u r y ) :

Mosa ' o l a t Z n

Muni;qashZt f i q h i y y o

MSS: Mar'ashi 74412 ( c a t . , 11, p.345); Milli 194313 Arabic ( c a t . , X p p . 616-17); Gulpiyigini 4813 ( c a t . , I , p.58); Majlis 1836112 (cat IX, pp.489-91)

MS:

AL-ASTARABAD~

Raaawi 2647 ( c a t . , 11, p . 135)

ULTAN A L ' U L A M A '

:

Moso'il f i q h i y y o

MS: -

AL-DTN

A / - l 'p'iilcit o l ' o w r ~ i i t

MS:

SipahsilZr 233311 ( c a t . , I , p.409, V, p . 561)

Al-Tusii'iyyo

MS: Mar'ashi 303811 ( c a t . , VIII, p p . 238-9)

= T i s ' rnosii'il

MSS: Majlis 1805153, 4900148, 596013 ( c a t . , IX, p.356, XIV, p.74, XVII, p p . 344-5); Princeton 53813 Yahuda ( c a t . , p . 149)

A j w i b a - y i rnasZ3iI-i f i q h r , Persian, compiled by Kalb 'Ali al-Buriijirdi

MS: Milli 258212f ( c a t . , VI, p.112)

SAHIB

AL-MA'ALIM:

A jwibot rnasz'il Mubornmod b . J u w a y b a r al-MadonT = al-Mos?'il Madoniyyiit

MSS: uakim 90311 ( c a t . , I , p.165); p . 510) ; Malik 1049 'ABD

MS:

Raaawi 2772 ( c a t . , V, p.355)

USAYN AL-KHWANSART: A j w i b a t 01-rnasZ'i1, a collection of answers given by this scholar and his

two sons, Raai al-Din and Jamil al-Din, to various legal and theological questions MS: Raaawi 2644 ( c a t . , 11, p.133) L-SHTRWANT- Mubamrnad b . Basan, Mull5 Mirzi ( d . 1098):

AL-'AMILT:

A j w i b o t rnosci'il 01-Shoykh J z b i r

A j w i b o - y i rnosZ'il-i f i q h r , Persian

MS:

Fayoiyya 1665 ( c a t . , 111, p . 113); Dinishgih 7008 ( c a t . , XVI,

Dinishgih 262116 ( c a t . , IX, p.1497)

A j w i b a t rnas?'il 01-shaykh SFlib b . Hason 01-Jorii'irT

JowZb-i rnos?'il-i

ShZh ' A b b Z s , Persian

MS: Sipahsilir 815013 ( c a t . , 111, P.276); Danishgih 7013111 ( c a t . , XVI , p . 429) ; Milli ( c a t . of microfilms of D i n i s h g i h , 11, p ,266) -

AL-DTN AL-NA'INY:

(see below, chapter 6) MSS: Radawi 7055 (Binish, p.982); Najaf, Shari'at (AB, V, p p . 243 245, 302, XI, pp.47, 64, 149, 155, 156, 157, XV, p.175, XVI, p.55, XVIII, p p . 8 4 , 88, 103, XXIV, p.105, XXV, p.110)

MSS: Dinishgih 431613, 113017, 359819, 587316 ( c a t . , V, pp.1797-8, XIII, p . 3279, XV, p.4241, XVI, p . 117); Bakirn 1817 Rashti ( c a t . , p . 39); Majlis 519217 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 22); Adahiyyit 120111 Ffikmat ( c a t . , p . 4 2 ) ; Sini 124516 ( c a t . , 11, p.181); Mar'ashi 169113 ( c a t . , V, p . 8 6 ) ; SipahsilZr 451014 ( c a t . , 11, p.277); Zanjin ( c a t . , p.89) Translation: Persian, by MuPammad SZdiq a l - S i r k i n i , MS: Waziri ( c a t . of microfilms of DXnishgih, I , p p . 702, 705) -

e

A j w i b o - y i rnosZ'il-i f i q h r , Persian, compiled by Mahdi b . R i a i

A / - R o s z ' i l , a collection o f a r o u n d 20 treatises on various legal topics

MS: -

AFT

DinishgZh 731216 ( c a t . , XVI,

ALLAH AL-TUSTARf:

BAHA' AL-DTN -

ol-

Ai-Maso'il ol-fiqhiyyo

MS: Majlis 2761110 ( c a t . , IX, p p . 160-1)

L - M A J L I S ~ 11: A jwibot rnosc'il a/-Mow15 Mojd 01-DTn o l T u s t o r T

MS:

Princeton 388 New Series (fols. 49a-51b)

A y i i d i Sob?, Persian, compiled by Mubarnmad Ja'far b . Mubarnmad

TZhir al-Khabiishini MS: Mar'ashi 60214 ( c a t . , 11, p.196) JawZb-i rnosii'il-i K h u r i i s i i n , Persian, compiled by Barnid b . Mubarnmad Budali' al-Ffusayni MS: Dinishgih 591414 ( c a t . , XVI, p.150) Jowiib-i rnos?'il-i rnrrz? s o y y i d ' A i r , Persian, compiled by @mid b . Muhammad Budali' al-JJusayni MS: DinishgZh 591415 ( c a t . , XVI, p.150)

, Persian Fayaiyya 174711 ( c a t . , 111, p.128)

H i d z y o t 01-ikhwcn

MS:

108 -

AN INTRODUCTION TO

~ ~ 7 LA 'W 7

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

Majmii'a-yi s u '51 wa jawZb, Persian, compiled by Mubarnmad Kicim al-Sabzawiri MS: Gulpiyigini 53614 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 198-9)

A/-MasZ'il a/-Mu~ammadiyya MS: Radawi 6935 ( c a t . , V, pp.499-500)

-

Majmu'a-yi su'Zil wa jawZb,Persian, different from above MS: Mar'ashi 2530 ( c a t . , VII, p . 117)

Al-MasZ'il ol-Nii$iriyya MS: Berlin Pm. 505128 ( c a t . , 111, p.315)

-

A/-MosZ'il 01-Hindiyya Edition: Igfahin, 1403 (in M . Mahdawi's ZindigTnZma-yi 'A11Zima-yi MajlisTl MS: Ustidi ( c a t . , p.35)

Al-Nafha a/-'onbariyya f i jawZbZt a/-masZ'il 01-Tustariyyo MS: Tustariyya 633110 ( c a t . , p . 870) Al-Risiila a/-FahliyZniyya = JawZbZt masZ'il a/-sayyid AbT TZlib MS: Berlin Pm. 50515 ( c a t . , IV, p.361)

-

Nagm a / - I a ' X , Persian, compiled by Mul?ammad b . Abmad al-gusayni al-Lihijini MSS: Milli 2011f ( c a t . , V, p p . 11-12); Majlis 6895 (fols. 46a-69a); Gawharshid 614 ( c a t . , p . 132); Mar'ashi 2535 (cat. , VII, p . 120)

-

-

Mas'alot 01-shaykh 'Abd Alliih b , a/-shaykh Faraj MS: Berlin Pm. 505111 ( c a t . , 111, p.323)

Su'Zl wa jawZbi-i f i q h r , Persian MS: DXnishgSh 591416 ( c a t . , XVI, p.150)

AIjMAD B. -

Al-Risiilo 01-sayfiyyo F jawiibZt ol-masZ'il 01-DashtastZniyya MS: Berlin Pm. 505123 ( c a t . , 111, p.314)

L-FAPIL AL- HIND^ : A/-IbtiyZtiit 01-fiqhiyya 5 , p.348) MS: Tustariyya (AB, XI, ~ p . 3 4 ~ XV,

IBRAHTM A L - B A ~ R A N T ( d . 1132):

Ajwibat masZ'il 01-sayyid Yoby5 b. al-soyyid Vusayn a/-AbsZ'T MS: Princeton 229119 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139)

ABD ALLAH B. NOR AL-DIN A L - J A Z A ' I R ~ ( d . 1173): Al-An wZr a/-jaliyya f i ojwibat al-masii'il 01-Jabaliyya 01-iilZ MSS: DinishgSh 69112 ( c a t . , VI, p.2144); Gharb 1007614 ( c a t . , 13.433); uakim 69 ( c a t . , I , p.76); Tustariyya 284 ( c a t . , p.848)

Ajwibat mosZ'ii al-shaykh 'Abd 01-lmiim a/-AbsF'T MS: Princeton 229121 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139)

-

Ajwibat masF'il 01-shaykh 'AT b . LuJf AllZh 01-BabriinT MS: Princeton 229117 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139)

-

Ajwibat maso'il 01-shaykh Nii$ir b . Muhammad a/-KhafJT a/-JZririidT MS: Princeton 229116 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139)

Al-DhakhTra a/-abadiyya ajwibat 01-masii'il a/-Ahmadiyya MSS: Tustariyya (AB, X , p.12); gusayniyyat IGshif al-Chit;' -

Al-DhakhTra a/-bZqiyo F ajwibat 01-masZ'il a/-Jabaliyya a/-thZniya MSS: Dinishgsh 69113 ( c a t . , VI, p.2226); Sipahsilir 451015 ( c a t . , IV, p.550); Tustariyya 29013, 42112 ( c a t . , pp.849, 860)

-

A/-Maqiisid a/-'aliyya fT jawZbiit a/-masZ'il a/-'Alawiyya MSS: SipahsilSr 451011 ( c a t . , V, p.631); Tustariyya 29011 ( c a t . , p.849); Shirizi (AB, XXI, p.382)

AL-SAMAHPJT: -

Ajwibat masii'il 01-sayyid 'Abd Alliih b . a/-soyyid 'AlawT 'Atiq 01-Vusayn MSS: Berlin Pm. 50518 ( c a t . , 111, p.315); Tustariyya 63319 ( c a t . , p . 870) ; London, Ismi'ili Institute 631

14

-

A jwibat masZ'il 01-shaykh SulaymZn MS: Berlin Pm. 505115 ( c a t . , 111, p.323)

-

Ai-Fiikiha ol-Kii?imiyya MS: Tustariyya (AB, XVI, p.97)

A jwibat a/-masii'il MS: Mareashi 198614 ( c a t . , V, p.359)

-

Val1 01-'uqiid MS: Berlin Pm. 505125 ( c a t . , IV, p.211)

-

Hidiiyat 01-sZ'il MS: KSshSni 164 ( c a t . , p.296)

Al-RasZ'il, a collection of around 20 treatises on various legal and theological questions (see below, chapter 6) MSS: Los Angeles M95, MI20 ( c a t . , pp.562, 666); Mashhad, Adabiyyit 25 FayyXd ( c a t . , p p . 210-14)

-

Al-Lum'a 01-jaliyya f i tabqTq 01-masZ'il 01-Ismii'TIiyya MSS: Berlin Pm. 505124 ( c a t . , 111, p.314); Tustariyya 633112 ( c a t . , p.871); Buriijirdi (AB, XVIII, p.350)

-

Al-Masii'il 01-Bihbahiiniyya MS: Berlin Pm. 505118 ( c a t . , 111, p.491)

-

Al-Masa'il 01-~usayniyya MSS: Radawi 6981 ( c a t . , V, p.499); Los Angeles MI0611 ( c a t . , p.66 A/-MasZ'il al-Kiiziriiniyya MS: Berlin Pm 505126 ( c a t . , 111, p.315)

-

AL-KHWAJO'~ - MuPammad IsmX'il b . Mubarnmad Qusayn al-Isfahini

$%QIB A L - ~ A D A ' I Q :

-

Ajwibot a/-masii'il 01-fiqhiyya MSS: Mar'ashi 345013 ( c a t . , IX, p . 242); Gulpiyigini 224811 ( c a t . , 111, p.208); Las Angeles MI0614 ( c a t . , p.664)

-

A jwibat 01-masii'il al-thaliith MS: Mareashi 345012 ( c a t . , IX, p.241)

-

A jwibat a/-masii'il MS: SipahsSlir 735112 ( c a t . , 111, pp.275-6)

-

Al-Anwiir a/-VTriyya MS: Radawi 6992 ( c a t . , V, pp.367-9)

AN INTRODUCTION TO

110 -

SHT'T

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

LAW Edition:

Al-Durar a/-Nojofiyyo

Editions: Tehran, 1307, 1314 MSS: 'Abd al-'Avim 407 ( c a t . , p.465); Mar'ashi 3423 ( c a t . , IX, pp. 209-10) -

A/-Lo'=

N TAWQ A L - B A B R A N ~- Abmad b . Silih, (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) : A j w i b o t m a s Z ' i l 01-soyyid H u s o y n

MS: Mar'aslli 2358113 ( c a t . , VI, p.338)

a/-zowSihir

A j w i b o t m o s ~ ' i 101-shoykh Muhammad 01-DorozT

A l - M o s Z ' i l 0 1 - B i h b o h Z n i y y a = A j w i b o t masSi'i1 a / - s o y y i d ' A b d A l l Z h b . a / - s o y y i d ' A l o w T 01-BilZidT

MS: Mar'ashi 235817 ( c a t . , VI, p.336)

Mar'ashi 345011 ( c a t . , IX, p.241) S u ' Z l wo jawZb, Persian MS: Mar'ashi 71512 ( c a t . , 11, p.310)

AL-BIHBAHANi : -

A j w i b o t a / - m a s Z ' i l , Persian, compiled by MuPammad Basan b . 'Abd

BMAD AL-NARAQT:

al-Wahhib al-Khurisini MS: Dinishgih 1622 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 208) -

R o s Z ' i l wo m o s i j ' i l , Persian and Arabic

MS:

S u ' Z l wo j o w l i b , Persian, compiled b y Muhammad b . 'Abd Allih al-

Uusayni al-Qummi MSS: Buqiiq 10811j ( c a t . , pp.349-50)

, Persian Edition: Tehran, 1275, 1316 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 6756 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 354); JJuqiiq 108j ( c a t . , pp.203-4); Ilihiyyit 30b ( c a t . , I , p.409); Milli 2338f ( c a t . , V, p . 457); Mar'ashi 3003, 3165 ( c a t . , VIII, p p . 177-8, 394); Masjid-i A'zam 613 MoqZrni' 01-fadl

MSS: Malik 2992 ( c a t . , I , p.227);

MUWAMMAD M A H D ~B . MUBAMMAD

-

A / - R o s Z ' i l , another collection of 20 treatises by al-Qummi.

11 of these a r e t h e same a s those included in the previous collection (see below, chapter 6).

A L - A S T A R A B A D ~ ( d . 1259):

, Persian MS: Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 111811 ( c a t . , 11, p.250)

Su'Eil wa jowZb, Persian, compiled by MuPammad Ibrihim b . Abi

'1-JJasan al-MGsawi Edition: Igfahin, 1248 (Vol. 1) Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 2357, 2361 ( c a t . , I , pp ,424-5); Gawh'drshid 414, 1401 ( c a t . , p.131); Mareashi 2542 ( c a t . , VII, p . 125); Gulpiyigini 435, 877 ( c a t . , 11, p.102); uujjatiyya 92-3, 2 1 1 ( c a t . , p.17); Zanjini 145 ( c a t . , p.257); Saryazdi 134 ( c a t . , p.422); U s t i d i , 2 MSS ( c a t . , p.48); D i n i s h g i h 716112 ( c a t . , XVI, p.470) Abridgement: anonymous, MS: Sipahsilir 2371 ( c a t . , I , p . 509)

Jlimi' a / - s h a t r t , Persian and Arabic

Hidayat b . Rid--,al-Qummi (see below, chapter 6) Selected MSS: Tustariyya 426 ( c a t . , p.861); Fayaiyya 818 ( c a t . , I , p p . 67-8); Mar'ashi 960 ( c a t . , 111, p . 152) ; Masjid-i Aezam 11766; Radawi 7261, 7667 (Binish pp.777-8)

SHAFT'

Nojm 01-mu'min

AL-QUMMT:

Jowiimi' o l - r a s Z ' i l , a collection of 20 treatises by al-Qummi, compiled b

Gharb, 3 MSS ( c a t . , p.77)

MUUAMMAD JA'FAR B . M U ~ A M M A D'ALIAL-KIRMANSHAHT ( d . 1254): T u b f a t 0 1 - o b r l i r , Persian MS: RaQawi 6997 ( c a t . , V, p . 377)

S u ' Z l wo jowZb, Persian MS: Milli 291113f ( c a t . , VI, p.630)

-

( d . 1254):

A l - T o q r T r Z t , his lectures compiled by some of his pupils

~ A ~ AL-RIYAP: I B

Editions: a selected version of it has been edited Tehran, 1277, 1303, 1324 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 182711-3, 1682, 763713 ( c a t . , VIII, p p . 242, 424, XVI, p . 661); Sipahsilir 2350, 2358-63 ( c a t . , I , pp.427-9); Astina 6418 ( c a t . , p.99); Mlli 234411f 291112f ( c a t . , V, p.462, VI, p.529) Translation: Arabic, anonymous (written in 12661, MS: Mar'ashi 1746 ( c a t . , V, p.130) Rearrangements: ( 1 ) by MuPammad Basan b . Muhammad SZliQ alBusayni al-Niirbakhshi , MSS: Tustariyya (AB, V, p . 6 0 ) ; Khayrit Khin 38 ( c a t . , p p . 1729-30); Zanjin ( c a t . , p . 245); ( 2 ) by Mubarnmad b . Mubammad 'AE al-Kishini al-Turkabidi ( d . 12691, MS: KhXligi ( c a t . , pp.95-6)

Gulpiyigini 1682 ( c a t . , 11, p.84, 111, p.15)

'ALT B . J A ' F A R AL KLSHIF AL-GI-IITA'

AL-KIRMANSHAH~:

-

Tehran, 1319 (together with his G h o n Z ' i m 01-oyyzm)

MS: Majlis 585211 ( c a t . , XVII, pp.262-3)

MS:

111

~ A ~ AI LB- J A W ~ H I R : -

S u ' 3 wo jawiib

-

A l - T o q r T r Z t , his lectures compiled by Mubarnmad 'AE bl-Shafti

MS: Fayoiyya 108212 ( c a t . , 111, p.53) MS: Mar'ashi 199514 ( c a t . , V, p.367)

M A v M 6 3 B . MUBAMMAD ' A L ~AL-KIRMLNSHLH~ ( d . 1271):

, Persian and Arabic MS: Mar'ashi 153713 (cat. ,IV, p.338) A j w i b o t 01-mosZ'il 01-thalZth

MUUAMMAD M A H D ~B. MUBAMMAD I B R ~ I MAL-KALBAS~ ( d . 1278): A j w i b o t 01-mosZ'il 01-tholZth

MSS: Milli Arabic 15, 16 ( c a t . , VII, pp.18-19)

A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ f ' fLAW

112

AL-ANSARI

:

LawcSmi' a/-nikcSt, his lectures compiled by MaomEd b. Ja'far al-May al-'Ariqi ( d . 1308) Selected MSS : DZnishgZh 744-9 (Cat., V , p p . 1943-2000) ; Ragawi 6654-6 ( c a t . , V , pp.487-8); Malik 1419, 2734 ( c a t . , I , p.624); G 3 MSS ( c a t . , pp.178-9); Amir ai-Mu'minin CAB, XII, p.328, XVIII, p.358)

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 01-MosZ'il o l - o r b o ' i n 01-'kmiliyya Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in the above-mentioned collection) VAMMAD JJUSAYN AL KASHIF AL-GHITA' ( d . 1373): TobrTr a/-Majollo, a commentary on the Ottoman code, Mojollot

ANONYMOUS MojmC'a-yi s u ' z l wo jawzb-i fiqh?, Persian MS: Majlis 454611 ( c a t . , XII, pp.218-19)

A L - X S H T I Y ; ~ N ~-

BubCth f i q h i y y o , his lectures compiled by 'Izz &Din Edition: Najaf, 1384

MuPammad JJasan b . Ja'far ( d . 1319):

Su'cSl wa jowZb, Persian, compiled b y MuPammad 'Aii al-YiizbZshi MS: GawharshZd 990 ( c a t . , p p . 130-1)

HAD^ AL-TIHRANT

:

A jwibat ol-masZ'il MS: Tustariyya 878 ( c a t . , p . 789) iiL BAVR A L - ' U L ~ M - Muhammad b . Mubarnmad Taqi al-TabZtabZ'i ( d . 1326): Bulghot 01-faqTh, a collection of 16 treatises on various legal topics (see below, chapter 6) Editions: Tabriz, 1325; Tehran, 1329; Najaf, 1389 AL-KHURASANT : -

-

Hoqq 01-qodZ', his lectures compiled by Mailmiid b . Mubsin al-NajaE al-KZshZni MS: Mar'ashi 2429 ( c a t . , VII, p.24) ' I d d o t mosZ'il min abwiib s h a t t c Edition: Baghdad, 1331 (in a coliection of his writings entitled ShodhorcSt)

AL-YAZDI : AI-Su'Zl wo 'I-jowFb, compiled by 'Ali Akbar al-KhwZnsZri Editon: Najaf, 1340 $T\DIQ B. MUBAMMAD AL-TABRiZf ( d . 1351): Al-FawC'id t 7 s h o r b bo'p' a/-mobiihith a/-mushkila f i ' I - f i q h Edition: Tabriz , 1351 'ABD

ALLAH

B. MUUAMMAD BASAN

AL-MAMAQXN'I

( d . 1351):

-

Al-MosC'il 01-Boghdcdiyyo Edition: Najaf, 1336

-

Al-MosC'il 01-Bo$riyyo Edition: Najaf, 1342

-

Al-MosC'il 01-Khu'iyyo Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in a collection of his treatises entitled 01-IthnF'oshoriyyo)

BaQr a1

MONOGRAPHS - GENERAL

115

gZh 5471 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 17); ~ a r ' a s h i 1570, 1042 ( c a t . , 111, p.235, IV, p.379); Majlis 5506 ( c a t . , XVI, p.407)

Chapter Six

Editions: Tehran, n . d . , 1384-5; Najaf, n . d . Selected MSS: Diinishgih- 5129 ( c a t . , XV, p.4121); Waziri 634 ( c a t . , 11, p.535); Ilihiyyit 74 A1 Aqii ( c a t . , I , p . 794); Sipahsiliir 5191 ( c a t . , V, p.451); Masjid-i A'vam 9697; Majlis 4439 ( c a t . , XII, p . 123); Fayrjiyya 623 ( c a t . , I , p.222); Rarjawi 6149 ( c a t . , IV, p.401)

SOME MONOGRAPHS A

MAL AL-DIM IjASAN B. MUBAMMAD AL-NAJAFT AL-ASTARABADY

GENERAL

(late 9th c e n t u r y ) : 1. SEXUALLY SPECIFIC

Ma'iirij 01-su'Gl w a rnodiirij 01-ma'miil

AL-MUFTD: Abkiim a / - n ~ s i i '

MSS: K i s h i n i 4 (cat., p . 47); Mar'ashi 24311, 7811 ( c a t . , I , p p . 89, 267); Majlis 8110 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, pp.85-7); Ijakim 998 ( c a t . , p.36) ABU

'L-QASIM

B. MUUAMMAD

AL-GULPAYIGAN~ (d.

after 1092):

Sulaymiiniyya, Persian, on laws respecting women

MS: DiinishgZh 3334 ( c a t . , XI, p.2318)

AL-KARBALA'T (early 12th c e n t u r y ) :

'ALT B. UUSAYN

fT f i q h

' A q d 01-kisii'

MS:

MSS: Majlis 3868, 288 T a h i t a b i ' i ( c a t . , X, p p . 1900-1); India Office 1810 ( c a t . , 11, pp.313-16); Rarjawi 1553 ( c a t . , 11, p.455); Nawwih 31 Qur'Zn commentaries ( c a t . , p . 532) ; Asafiyya 457 Q u r ' i n commentaries ( c a t . , I , p.381) U 'L-FATIj B. MAKHDm A L - S H A R ~ F A ~ L - A R D A B ~ L ~( d . 976): Tafsir-i shiihT, Persian Edition: Tabriz , 1380 Selected MSS: Rarjawi 1251-3 (Binish, p.661); KhZlisi ccat., p.51); Zanjin ( c a t . , p.99); BuqGq 108b, 85j ( c a t . , pp.60-1); Agafiyya 251 Q u r ' i n commentaries ( c a t . , I , p . 4 0 5 ) ; DinishgZh 909, 1055 ( c a t . ,

01-nisii'

Majlis 5695 ( c a t . , XVII, p p . 151-2) Zubdat 01-bayiin

(13th ~ century): MU'IZZ AL-DIN B. ' A L ~AKBAR A L - ~ J U S A Y N

, Persian Gulpiyigiini 1639 ( c a t . , 111, p . 28)

Tubfat 01-nisii'

MS:

'ALi AKBAR

AL-QAZWINT (13th c e n t u r y ) :

RisZla f i 'I-khunth: wa abkiimih MS: Mil17 178317 Arabic ( c a t . , X , pp.367-8)

AlJMAD B . 'INAYAT

ALLAH A L - U U S A Y N ~ AL-ZANJANT ( d . 1393):

Forq-i miyiin-i mord wa ran dar abkiim, Persian

Edition: 2.

ON

Qum, n . d .

QUR'ANIC

AMTN AL-ISLAM

LAW

Editions: Tehran, 1368, 1386 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 1808 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 394); Radawi 1208, 1209 ( c a t . , 11, p.402); Isfahiin, ' U m G m i 2677, 2695, 2883, 3062 ( c a t . , I , pp.174-5); 'Abd albqA5im 285 ( c a t . , p.467); Berlin Ldg. 71711 ( c a t . , IV, p.254); Princeton, New Series 3, 705. Commentaries: ( 1 ) 01-Mut'a. b v Savvid MirzZ Khiilid, MS: Sipahsiiliir 450913 ( c a t . , V, p.498); (2) M&itT~-al-abkiirn, b y Muhammad & ' i d b . Qisim al-Ijusayni al-TabZtabii'i al-Quhpi'i ( d . 1092), MSS: Majlis 4828 ( c a t . , XII, p.198); Nurbakhsh 200 ( c a t . , I , p.196); Mar'ashi 2140 ( c a t . , VI, p p . 150-1); (3) by Muhammad b . 'Abd al-Fattiih alTunukZbuni al-Sarib ( d . 11241, MSS: Waziri 1290 ( c a t . , 111, p.918); Mahdawi 592110 ( c a t . , p . 125); ( 4 ) TobzTl ol-itmTnTin, by Muhammad Ibrihim b . Muhammad MaC$i.mal-gusayni al-Qazwini, MSS: Majlis 5553 ( c a t . , XVI, p.415); Gharb 10198 ( c a t . , pp.70-1); (5) by Muhammad Rafi' al-Gilini, MS: Masjid-i A'zam 87016

AL-TABRIS~:

fT fiqh Majma' al-bay&, excerpts from al-Tabrisi's commentary on t h e Q u r ' i n , Majmo' 01-bayiin, compiled by Ihrihim b . Basan al-Warriiq (before 968) MS: Los Angeles MI06112 ( c a t . , p.708) Ma'din a / - ' i r f i n

biti ion: ' ~ e h r a n ,[1392?1 Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 2053 ( c a t . , I , p.86, 111, p . 26); Rarjawi 1436 ( c a t . , 11, p.403); Milli 1300 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p.285)

116

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHi'f LAW

MONOGRAPHS - GENERAL

117

MU'IZZ AL-DTN A L - M ~ S A W ~ : Jawiihir 01-boqZ'iq MS: Qazwin, VZjj Sayyid Jaw%

(Nosh. , V I , p.342)

AL-FAQIL AL-JAWAD - Jawad b. Sa'd Allah al-Kiipimi ( d . after 1044): Mosiilik ol-ofhiim Edition: Tehran, 1387 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 2697 ( c a t . , VII, p . 269); J$akim 129 (Nosh., V, p.426); Majlis 3331, 4491 ( c a t . , X, p.1126, XII, p.168); Berlin Pm. 50 ( c a t . , IV, p. 157); Dinishgah 64 ( c a t . , I , p.208); IIZhiyyit 98b ( c a t . , I , p.660); Malik 916 ( c a t . , I , p.669); Rawgiti ( c a t . , I , pp. 200 f f )

tly edited Tehran, 1308 (in the margin of a/-Qowii'id), selectedMSS: snishggh 1812 ( c a t . , VIII, p.400); Amir al-Mu'minin (Nosh., V, 415); Mareashi 2705 ( c a t . , VII, p.275); Masjid-i A'5am 3053; waxti, 2 MSS (cat., I , pp.252-60) mad b . 'Ali b . IbrZhim al-A@%'*. ( d . after

ANONYMOUS (written in 1036-46): /miitat 01-lithZtn 'at7 01-ZyZt 01-wZrida fi 'l-~iycTn7= Rof' a/-IithZm MS: SipahsZlir 2539 ( c a t . , I , pp.361-4) Translation: Persian, by the author, MS: RadawT 2283 ( c a t . , 11,

0); Mar'ashi 3394 ( c a t . , IX, pp.180-1)

p.23) MALIK ' A L ~AL-TUNT

(late 11th century):

ZyZt 01-obkZim, Persian MS: Ragawi 2430 ( c a t . , 11, p.68) AIJMAD B .

ISMX'TL AL-NAJAFI AL-JAZA'IR~

( d . 1151):

QolZ'id 01-durar Editions: Tehran, 1327; Najaf, 1383 MUIJAMMAD B . ' A L ~B. BAYDAR -

AL-MI~SAWT AL-'AMILi ( d . 1139):

Tniis sulriin a/-mu'rnin~n MSS: Majlis 3902 ( c a t . , X, pp. 1926-7); RawdZti (see AB, 11, p. 518) Ayiit 01-abkCrn MS: Mar'ashi 292816 ( c a t . , VIII, p. 122)

3. ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW AL-SHAHIDAL-AWWAL: Al-Qowii'id wa 'I-fowz'id Editions: Tehran, 1308; Najaf, 1399 Selected MSS: Martashi 2519, 1152, 1659 ( c a t . , 111, p.325, V, pp. 55-6, VII, pp.168-9); Faydiyya 700 (cat., I , p.208); IlZhiyyat 1211 ( c a t . , I , p.134); Princeton 3962 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.138); NawwZb 53-4 law ( c a t . , p.464); DanishgZh 1011 ( c a t . , V, p. 1980); Gawharshad 710 ( c a t . , p.371); Majlis 5833 ( c a t . , XVII, p.246); Gharb 620 (cat., p. 172); AdabiyyZt 214 Kirman ( c a t . , p. 101) Abridgements and rearrangements: (1) Jcimi' ol-fowz'id fT tolkhTs ol-Qawii'id, by al-MiqdZd, MS: Radawi 2313 ( c a t . , 11, pp.31-2); (2) Nodd 01-qowii'id 01-fiqhiyyo, by the same author, MSS: Radawi 2663, 8046-7 (cat., 11, p.139); Mar'ashi 2508, 461 ( c a t . , 11, pp. 67VII, p. 95); DXnishgZh, microfilm 2170 ( c a t . , I , p. 394); uujjatiyya 50412 ( c a t . , p. 111); (3) TamhTd ol-qowZ'id, by al-Shahid al-Thani, edited Tehran, 1271, selected MSS: Majlis 1339 ( c a t . , IV, p. 106); Raqawi 2862, 7334 (Binish, p.668); Milli 138411 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p. 389); Nawwiib 11 law ( c a t . , p.453); Berlin Pet. 548 ( c a t . , IV, p.248) [ 'Ali b . Mubammad al-'Amili wrote a commentary on this work,

SHIP

AL-GHITA'

:

Al-Qowii'id a/-shor'iyyo, compiled by MiisZ b . Muhammad Rids A1 Kashif

N TAWQ

AL-BAJJRAN~:

Ris7ilo fl tobfld owwal a/-nahZr MS: Mar'ashi 235816 ( c a t . , VI, p. 336) VMAD AL-NARAQT: 'A wz'id 01-oyycm Editions: Tehran, 1266, 1321 Selected MSS: Fayoiyya 965, 749, 99611 ( c a t . , I , pp. 186-7, 111, p.47) MonZihij a/-obkiim Edition: Tehran, 1269 Selected MSS: DanishgZh 7640, 766712 (cat., XVI, pp.662, 668); Fayoiyya 160, 288 ( c a t . , I , pp. 271-2); AstZna 5906 (cat., p. 176); Gharb, 4 MSS ( c a t . , p. 197) L - M A R ~ G H-~ 'Abd al-FattSih b. 'Ali al-IJusayni, M i r Fattih (d.1266-74):

Editions: Tehran, 1274, 1297 MS: Mahdawi 831 (cat., p.162) UJJAMMAD JA'FAR

AL-ASTARABADT:

Al-MaqZrd a/-Ja'fariyya MSS: Danishgih 2192 ( c a t . , IX, p.876);

Mar'ashi 3857-8, 3882-3 ( c a t . ,

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

118 X , pp.245-6,

MONOGRAPHS - GENERAL ition:

266-7)

A L - A N ~ A R T: - Risiilo fiq i i ' i d o t 15 ~ ' o r a r

' ~ N T: siilo fT q i i ' i d a t 15 Q'orur

Editions: Tabriz, 1303 (together with his K . o l - T o h i i r o ) , 1375 (toge with his a/-Mokiisib) Commentary: by 'Abd Alliih al-Mimaqini , edited Najaf, 1345 (in his -

Tehran, 1374

ition: N B.

Najaf, 1357-8 (together with his Munyot 01-tiilib)

AGHA

BUZURG A L - M ~ ~ S A AL-BUJNuRDi W~ ( d . 1395):

a/-Qolii'id ol-thomTno)

I-Qowii'id o l - f i q h i y y o

Al-Taqiyyo

dition:

Edition: Tabriz, 1303 (together with his K . 01-Tohiiro), 1375 (toget with 01-Makzsib) Commentaries: ( 1 ) by 'Abd Alliih al-Mirnaqiini, edited Najaf, 1345 ( his 01-Qolz'id 01-thomTno); ( 2 ) by Fattib b . Muhammad 'Ali al-Shahi al-Tabrizi ( d . 13721, edited Tabriz, 1375 (together with his Hidiiyot

Najaf, 1389

-

UMAYN~: ola

fT

dition:

q z ' i d o t IF Q'oror Qum, 1383-4 (in a collection of his treatises entitled o l k R o s ~ ' i 1 )

isiila f i ' I - t a q i y y a Qum, 1383-4 (in the above-mentioned collection)

01-tiilib)

dition: 'ABD A L - 3 x 1 ~ 1 MUJJAMMAD ~ B . AJJMAD AL-NARAQT

( d . 1297):

Moshiiriq 01-abkiim

B

Edition: Tehran, 1294 MS: Faygiyya 1107 ( c a t . , 1, p.245)

ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

ANONYMOUS (written before 1312):

GENERALITIES

A/-Qowii'id 01-Biiqiriyyo MS: Diinishgih 3845 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2826)

KHR A L - M U J J A Q Q I Q ~ N : Al-Fokhriyyo

MUIJAMMAD JJASAN AL-SHTRAZ~, al-Mujaddid: Al-Qawii'id 01-uusoyniyyo, his lectures compiled by Basan b . Ismi'il

al-Qummi al-IJi'irT MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XVII, p.182) AL-ASHTIYAN~:

I-ToklTfiyyo

SS: Ragawi 8289 (Binish, p . 6 6 6 ) ;

Mar'ashi 117612 ( c a t . , 111, p.347)

:

Risiilo f i ' I - f o r q b o y n 01-baqq wa ' I - b u k m MSS: Majlis 195013, 275315 ( c a t . , IX, pp.139-40, 662)

ZL BAJJR

m o ' r i f o t 01-niyyo

SHAHfD AL-AWWAL:

Risiilo f7 q i i ' i d o t nofy a / - ' u s r wo ' I - b a r a j Edition: Tehran, 1314

HAD^ AL-TIHRANT

fT

Edition: Tehran, 1315 (in the collection of Kolimiit 01-MuboqqiqTn) Selected MSS: Majlis 495317 ( c a t . , XIV, p . 2 2 8 ) ; Princeton 1886 New Series; ~ a r ' a s h i61112, 2704, 224712 ( c a t . , 11, p.207, VI, p p . 8 8 , 2 3 2 ) ; Igfahin, Adabiyyit ( N o s h . , V, p . 3 0 3 ) ; Ragawi 2432 ( c a t . , 11, p . 68)

Al-Tubfa a/-joliyyo

AL-'UL~M:

Risiilo f i ' I - f a r q b o y n a/-boqq wo ' I - b u k m , included in his B u l g h o t 01-foqTh (see above, chapter 5 )

MUJJAMMADIJUSAYN B. MUUAMMAD AL-KHWANSASR~ ( d . 1328):

Tobommul 01-'ibiido ' o n a / - g h o y r wo k a y f i y y o t 01-istiniiba = Ris&

Nafy a/-boroj f7 abkiim a/-shor'i'o MS: ~ a r ' a s h i3041122 ( c a t . , VIII, p.250)

MUUAMMAD T A Q ~B. JJASAN AL-MUDARRIS

fT m o ' r i f a t a / - n i y y o

MSS: Los Angeles MI31311 ( c a t . , p . 7 2 4 ) ; Malik 2308 ( c a t . , I , p . 6 1 9 ) ; Dinishgih 87916, 231212, 88217, 5396111 ( c a t . , V, pp.1992-3, IX, p.945, X V , p . 4 2 3 8 ) ; Gulpiiyigini 21 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 9 ) ; Mar'ashi 68016, 361211, 373317 ( c a t . , 11, p.274, X, p p . 1 1 , 1 3 0 ) ; Ragawi 2553, 6207, 8221 ( c a t . , 11, p.107, V , p . 4 8 5 ) ; MiftiQ 24012 ( c a t . , p . 2 3 0 ) ; Waziri 2310 ( c a t . , IV, p . 1253); Ilihiyyit 30611j ( c a t . , I , p . 2 0 5 ) ; Khilivi ( c a t . , p . l O O ) ; Vatican 72011 Arabic ( c a t . , I , p . 6 8 ) ohl a / - J a z i i ' i r

MS: Malik (AB, XI, p . 1 4 0 )

AL-ISFAHANT

( d . 1333):

Rislilo f i "I-forq b o y n 01-boqq wo ' I - b u k m Edition: Tehran, 1363 (in a collecti~nof his treatises entitled 01-Rosii'il a / - T o q o w i y y o )

BN A B ~.JUMHOR: Risiilo f i ' I - n i y y o

MS: Mar'ashi 2754112

( c a t . , VII, p.312)

ilii

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

120

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

Raaawi 2451 ( c a t . , 11, p.74)

MS:

I-Forq b a y n ol-forTp'a wo ' I - n i i f i l o

A L - S H A H ~ D AL-THANT :

S: Mar'ashi 2907 ( c a t . , VIII, p.103)

Risiila f i ' I - n i y y o

MS:

Faydiyya 174312 ( c a t . , 11, p.127)

D ALLAH

AL-MAMAQANT :

VUSAYN B. 'ABD AL-QAMAD: A l k ' i q d 01-flusoynT

Edition: Yazd, n . d . Selected MSS: Qiidiriyya 500 ( c a t . , 11, p . 319); Sipahsalir 2013 (cat 1, p ,485); Leningrad 52 ( N o s h . , VIII, p . 103); Milli, Arabic 125911, 126211 ( c a t . , IX, pp.245, 250); Dinishgih 538712 ( c a t . , XV, p.4232 Majlis 1306 ( c a t . , IV, p.78); Waziri 320111 ( c a t . , I , 305)

'ABD

AL-'HLT

Muhammad Jawid b . Ijasan al-Najafi ( d . 1352): d fi 'I-'ilm a/-ijmiir tion: Najaf, 1343 (together with his t i i i s h i y o t a/-Mokiisisib)

B. 'ABD AL-VUSAYN

AL- RAWA ANT

( d . 1353):

AL-KARAKT:

Risiila f i ' I - b u l i i g h wo h a d d i h

Sipahsilar 259512 ( c a t . , I , p.433)

MS:

AL-MUJTAHID

-

A L - D ~ N AL-'ARAQY :

JJusayn b . Basan al-JJusayni al-Karaki ( d . 1001):

Risiilo f i ' I - n i y y a

MS: Majlis 398812 ( c a t . , X, p.2160)

RAPT

AL-DIN B . MUBAMMAD NAB7 AL-QAZWINT ( d . a f t e r 1134):

Im o l - i j m i i f i , his lectures compiled by

Risiila f i ' I - n i y y o

MS:

Zanjin ( c a t . , p.130)

AL-BIHBAI-IAN? : - Risiilo f 7b u l l i i n

Edition:

COMPREHENSIVE WORKS "ibiidot 01-/Chi1

Edition: Tabriz, u . d . (see AB, XI, p.130) Selected MSS: SipahsZlXr 907114 ( c a t . , V, p . 3 6 ) ; g u q u q 235/3j, 247 ( c a t . , p.349); Milli 186814 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.457); Mar'ashi 45811 147012 ( c a t . , 11, p.65, IV, p.263); GulpZyigZni 1870115 ( c a t . , 111, p.92); Fayaiyya 1189110, 153815, 155416, 1565114 ( c a t . , 111, pp.66, 99, 100, 101); Radawi 8154 (Binish, p.806); Majlis 58 T a b i t a b i ' i ; Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 1578 ( c a t . , 11, p.715); Berlin Pm. 51115 ( c a t . , 111, p.313) -

Al-1iZ;do 01-ijmiiliyyo f i ' I k ' i b i i d i i t 01-mokruho

MS:

Najaf, 1367

Majlis 409712 ( c a t . , XI, p.94)

Edition: Najaf, 1387 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 194512 ( c a t . , V, p.310); Faydiyya 196813 ( c a t . , 111, p . 157); Majlis 5187114 ( c a t . , XVI, pp. 11-12); Dinishgih 920, 5242 ( c a t . , V, p . 1843, XV, p.4174); K Z r al-Kutub 19908, 20037 ( c a t . , I , p.221) Commentary on t h e legal section: by Ibn al-Barrij, edited Mashhad, 1394; selected MSS: DinishgZh 92013, 100511 ( c a t . , V, p.1936); Majlis 6711 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p.154); Radawi 7859 (Binish, p.862); Mar'ashi 44113 ( c a t . , 11, p.43); Tustariyya (AB, XIII, p.178)

ANONYMOUS: -

~ i s a fai ' I - r i y i i ' f i ' I k ' i b i i d o

MS: -

DiuishgZh 111812 ( c a t . , V, pp.1899-900)

RisZilo f i 'I-shokk f i ' I - s h o r t i y y o wo ' I - j u z ' i y y a MS: DinishgZh 1118.2 (ibid)

IBN TAWQ Risiila

AL-BA~RANY:

fl

qasd 01-thowiib wa ' I ' i q i i b

fi' ' I - ' i b i i d o

MS: Mar'ashi 235814 ( c a t . , VI, pp.334-5) 'ABD

AL-RASUL AL-FTRUZKUHT

Risiila

fT

Edition:

( d . around 1322):

i s h t i r i i t 01-qurbo f i ' I ' i b i i d o t

Tehran, 1321

A l - l q t i ~ i i d , on dogmatics and acts of devotion Edition: Qum, 1400 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 920110 ( c a t . , V, p . 1783) and microfilm 2969 ( c a t . , I , p . 285); Mil17 192215 Araibic ( c a t . , X, p.593); Amir alMu'minin ( g u j j a t i , p.622); Uakim 472 (ibid. 1; D i r al-Kutub 20304 ( c a t . , I , p . 9 6 ) ; Mar'ashi 3994111 ( c a t . , X , p . 9 5 ) ; LOS Angeles MI33914 ( c a t . , p.725)

UUAMMAD B .

~ A R I T HAL-I$USAYNI AL-ASTARABHDT

Al-RisZilo 0 1 - v i i ' i r i y y o f i ' I - ' i b i i d i i t 01-shor'iyyo

MS:

Farhid Mu'tamid 45 ( c a t . , p . 180)

( d . a f t e r 885):

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

122

MONOGRAPEIS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

A L - S H A H ~ D AL-THANT :

NYMOUS (belonging to 8th-9th c e n t u r y ? ) :

-

isiila fi 'I-tahiira wo 'I-golCt S : Majlis 8111 Khu'i ( c a t . , V I I , p . 184)

-

-

A/-lqtizzd wo' '1-irshiid, on dogmatics and acts of devotion MSS: Iliihiyyiit 538d, 56112d ( c a t . , I , pp.328, 460-1); Gulpiyigini 102013 ( c a t . , 11, p.221) Al-Istonbullyyo fi' 'I-wZjibcit a/-'ayniyya MSS: Raoawi 7244, 6197, 7437 (cat., V, p.428; Binish, p.780); JJakim 1757m ( c a t . , 1 , p.52)

D A L - ' A L ~ B. MATjMuD AL-KHADIM A L - J ~ ~ P A L A(late Q ~ 10th c e n t u r y ) : lqh-i shChT, Persian S: Gawharshid 97812 ( c a t . , p p . 157-8)

Al-Riimiyya MS: Dinishgih 130114 ( c a t . , VII, p.2719)

AZ~A D L - T H ~ N -~ AbG Mubammad 'A17 b . ' I n i y a t Allah al-Bastiimi d . after 1011):

BUSAYN B . 'ABD AL-$AMAD : A/-Wcijibiit a/-molikiyya MS: Gulpiyigini 813 ( c a t . , 1, p . 1 8 ) BAHT\' A L - ~Nf AL-'AMIL~ : Al-IthnZ'ashariyyCt, five treatises on acts of devotion Edition: t h e treatise on prayer is edited Tehran, 1309 (together wit al- 'Alliima's Tabzirot a/-rnuta 'alliniin) Selected MSS: Sini 22511 ( c a t . , 1, p.105); Ejakim 9 Rashti ( c a t . , p . 2 7 ) ; Diinishgiih 91814, 708716 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1758-9, XVI, p . 4 4 9 ) ; Adabiyyit 120 uikrnat ( c a t . , p . 4 1 ) ; Mar'ashi 75, 10413 ( c a t . , I , 87, 125); Raaawi 2683 ( c a t . , V, p.352); Mirzi J a ' f a r 148 ( c a t . , 40); Niirbakhsh 590 ( c a t . , 11, pp.235-6); Nawwib 6 law ( c a t . , p.449); Ustidi ( c a t . , p . 5 7 ) ; Farhang ( c a t . , pp.40-1); Sipahsilir 267012 ( c a t . , 111, pp.44-5); Princeton 53811 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.149); Bodleian Arab.e. 175; Tiflis 69917 (Nosh., VIII, p.260); Baku MI40 ( i b i d . , IX, p.239) Translation: Persian, by $adr al-Din Mubarnmad b . Mubibb 'Ali alTabrizi ( d . after 10131, MSS: Mar'ashi CAB, IV, p . 7 4 ) ; Leningrad A643 ( c a t . Persian, 1, p . 241); Diinishgih 588413-4, 724212 ( c a t . , XVI, p p . 130, 497) Commentaries: ( 1 ) by the author, on the treatise on p r a y e r , MS: Raaawi 2728 ( c a t . , V, pp.404-5); ( 2 ) anonymous (written in 1012), MS: Dinishgih 708718 ( c a t . , XVI, p ,449) ; (3) anonymous (written before 1030), MS: Mar'ashi 2398 ( c a t . , VI, pp.378-9); ( 4 ) a/-FawC'id a/-'aliyya, by Hiriin b . Khamis a l - J a z i ' i r i ( d . after 1036), MS: Radawi 2509 ( c a t . , 11, p . 9 3 , V, p.353); ( 5 ) anonymous (written before 1042), MS: Iliihiyyiit 184/6 ( c a t . , I , p.724); ( 6 ) ?I-Anw?ir 01-bahiyyo, by Niir al-Din 'Ali b . ljusayn al-MGsawi albSAmili ( d . 10681, MSS: Mar'ashi 81 ( c a t . , I , p.99); Majlis 4670 ( c a t . , XIII, p p . 52-3); ( 7 ) 01-Fltra 01-malakutiyya, by 'Abd al-uasib b . A l p a d alk'xmili ( d . after 1058), MS: Radawi 2792 ( c a t . , V, p.471); ( 8 ) by al-Khwijii'i., MS: Gawharshid 1702 ( c a t . , p.256); (9) by 'Abd al-tlusayn b . Qisim al-1;Iilli ( d . 13751, MS: Amir alMu'minin CAB, XIII, p . 6 2 ) ; (10) anonymous, MS: Radawi 2728 (Binish, p.700) 3.

ON RITUAL PURITY A N D PRAYER

AL-SHAYKH : 'Amal a/-yawm wo 'I-loyla Edition: Qum, 1401 (in AndFshahzy-i now d a r 'uliim-i lslcimi, IV, p p . 17-30)

a 'Zrij 01- tabqiq S: Majlis 1321 ( c a t . , IV, pp.93-4)

JID B .

HXSHIMA L - B A ~ R A N T

( d . 1028):

Marcashi 224911 ( c a t . , VI, p p . 233-4)

MS:

Riscila fi 'I-tab%-a wo 'I-$a12 MSS: Majlis 455311 ( c a t . , XII, p.234);

Raoawi 2445 ( c a t . , 11, p.73)

KHR

AL-DIN B . MUUAMMAD 'AL? A1,rTURAYuT AL-NAJAFT ( d . 1087):

MS:

Mar'ashi 118 (cat., I , p.142)

ALLAH

I'MAT

AL-JAZA'IRT:

Hadiyyot 01-mu'minin = Hadiyyal 01-ikhwk MSS: Malik 2536 ( c a t . , I , p.807); Milli 191911 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 577); Dinishgih 102012 ( c a t . , V, pp.2103-6); Ustidi ( c a t . , p . 43) JjMAD

AL-JAZA'IR?

( d . 1151):

Tobzirat 01-mubtodi'in MS: Miftiib 24413 ( c a t . , p . 230;

see also AB, 111, p . 321, X V , p . 183)

NONYMOUS (written before 1186): Ris& fi 'I-tahCro wa '1-$a/?ir MS: Gulpiyigini 30711 ( c a t . , I , p.267)

MUSL B .

JA'FAR

AL-NAJAFT

LL KLSHIFAL-GHITA' i d . 1243):

Munyat 01-rcghib, a commentary on Kishif al-Ghiti's Bughyat a/-J?ilib (see above, chapter 5) MSS: Radawi 8024 (Binjsh, p . 1049); Mar'ashi 3897 ( c a t . , X , p . 278); Sipahsiilir 2666-7 ( c a t . , I , p . 549); Majlis 610 Tabiitabi'i; Fayaiyya 1635 ( c a t . , I , p.282); Gulpzyigini 7 7 ( c a t . , I , p . 8 3 ) ; Khilisi ( c a t . , p . 126); Matbaf 2963 ( c a t . , p.259); Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XIII, p . 127); S h i r i z i (AB, XXIII, p p . 202-3) MUUAMMAD BASAN B.

MTRZA ~ Q A AL-QUMM? s ~ ( d . 1304):

Mi$bZb a/-foqciha Edition: Najaf, 1372-7

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

124

( i u ) anonymous, MS: Majlis 100 TabZtabZ'i

A L - K H U ' ~: Al-TonqTb, his lectures compiled by 'A17 al-Gharawi al-Tabrizi Edition: Najfa, 1378 -

4.

MS:

ON FISCAL OBLIGATIONS

M ~ R A KMOSA B . MUJjAMMAD AKBAR AL-JjUSAYNi AL-TUNi (late 11th c e n t u r y ) :

UVAMMAD Edition:

ZokZtiyyo = RisZila d a r z o k 2 wo khums

Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 18713 (Cat., I , u.206); ( c a t . , 11, p.236)

...

MS: Jjujjatiyya 70014 ( c a t . , p . 121) ( d~. after 1303): MUJJAMMAD B. 'ABD A L - W A H H ~ BA L - K ; ~ ~ I M Al-MishkZt f7 mosZ'il ol-khurns wo 'I-zokiit

MS: Mar'ashi 2349 ( c a t . , VI, p.325) RITUAL PURITY 1. GENERAL

AL-DAMAD

:

Niirbakhsh 400 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 110-11)

AL-DIIIDANANI: Risiilo f7 onno '/-a21 f~ '/-ashy:'

01-tahcro

MS: GulpZyigini 1862113 ( c a t . , 111, p.87) Risiilo

MS:

fT k a y f i y y o t

w u j i i b ol-iohZro

SipahsSilZr 2487 ( c a t . , I , pp.421, 436)

MUUAMMAD TAQ? B. MUJjAMMAD RAJ~TM AL-I$FAHAN~ ( d . 1248): K . olTohZro

MS:

f7f i q h

Edition:

01-ShT'a, his lectures compiled by Mahdi al-KhalkhZli Najaf - Tehran, 1378 -

Edition:

Qum

,

UstZdi ( c a t . , p.27)

AL-AN$ART -

K . 01-TohZro Edition: Tabriz , 1303

-

A/-ToqrTrZt f i ' I - t o h Z r o , collections of his lectures compiled by his pupils: ( i ) by Mubarnmad Shafi'b. Muhammad Sa'id al-Fiimani alGilZni, MS: Rasht 70-1t ( c a t . , p.1103); (ii) b y Ya'qiib b . Muqim al-Barfurfiehi, MS: Mar'ashi 2106 ( c a t . , VI , pp. 120-1) ; (iii) anonymous, MS: Mar'ashi 1796 ( c a t . , V, p.182);

-

Najaf, 1382-90

ON WATERS

L - S H A H ~ D AL-THLNT: RisZlo

fi infieZil mZ'

0 1 - b i ' r , included in his Mojmii'ot 01-iEd:t

(see

above, chapter 5)

3~ A L L ~ HA L - T U S T A R ~ : A / - B o b r 01-ghozTr

MS: I-IA'

A/-To'lTqZt f i 'I-rahZro

-

n . p . , 1334

GulpZyigZni 122314 . .

RisZlo f i ' I - ' i b Z d Z t 01-miiliyyo wo mZ yolboquhZ min ol-wuqiif wo 'I-'itq

-

B. M A H D ~NAJAF ~ 1 , - T A B R ~ AL Z-~N A J A F ~ ( d . 1323):

Radawi 6740 ( c a t . , V, p.432) Duriis

MS:

TAHA

RisZila f i ' I - t a h Z r o

RisZlo d o r zakZt wo khums

MS:

Nlasjid-i A'varn 367

fT

taqdTr a/-mo' 01-kothTr

Yakim 15214 ( N o s h . , V, p.427)

AL-DTN AL-'XMILT:

Edition: Tehran, 1321 (together with his 01-Hob1 01-motTn) Selected MSS: Majlis 1805, 4900154 ( c a t . , IX, pp.359-60, XIV, p . 7 7 ) ; DinishgZh 431617 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3279); Farhang 38a ( c a t . , pp.40-1); Milli 140416 ( c a t . , IX, p.417); S i n i 41719 ( c a t . , I , p.250); Baku MI49115 ( N o s l r . , I X , p.239). MAS'UD B. FAQL

ALLAH

AL-J$USAYNTAL-BIHBAHANT

( d . a f t e r 1031):

A l - T o b Z ' u d b o y n 01-bi'r wo 'I-bEilii-o

MS: GulpZyigZni 48110 ( c a t . , I , pp.61-2)

MURAD B . 'ALT KHXN AL-TAFRISIIT: MS:

Dinishgah 1803 ( c a t . , VIII, p.380)

AL-MAII~IZT

-

SulaymEn b . 'Abd Allah al-BabrZni ( d . 1121):

TabqTq mos'olat a / - t o b c ' u d b o y n 01-bi'r wo ' I - b Z l i i ' o Najaf, JazZ'iri ( N o s h . , VII, p.716)

MS:

S H A R I ~AL-WAFIYA: Risiilo f i "odom infieZil 01-mZ' 0 l - ~ o l i 7

MSS:

GulpZyigZnT 1862111 ( c a t . , 111, p.82);

Gharb 265 ( c a t . , p.179)

A N I N T R O D U C T I O N TO

126

s ~ i ' LAW i

'7:

AL-KHW&

S: ~ a r ' a s h i 138311 ( c a t . , IV, p.156)

Risiila f7 t a b d i d 01-kurr

MS:

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

DZnishgZh 710311 ( c a t . , XVI,p.455)

$AUIB AL-IJADA'IQ:

ALLAH B . AMAN ALLAH AL-IjUSAYNT: Risiila f7 k a y f i y y a t wup'u' a / - j a b i r a R

MS: Waziri 99013 ( c a t . , 11, p.809)

Q i i t i ' a t 01-qi;i wa 'I-qTI

f7

infic51 a/-mii' a / - q a F I

MS: Majlis 633 T a b i t a b i ' i Al-Qawl a/-fa$/ Fi "I-mash wa 'I-ghasl

ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 12th c e n t u r y ) : Risiila

F bukm

MSS: DinishgZh 185913 ( c a t . , VIII, p ,459); Mar'ashi 338212 ( c a t . ,

ma d i i n a l - k u r r

MS: Gulpiyigzni 186214 ( c a t . , 111, p.86)

AL-KIRMANSHAH~ : Qot' 01-ma@/

Risiila

tin u $ r a t

a/-qawl b i '1kinf;'rTl

MSS: Majlis 547412 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.374-5); Ilihiyyit 98 Al Aqi,8281 ( c a t . , I , p.714, 11, p.22); Gharh 4813 ( c a t . , p . 1 6 9 ) ; Gulpiyigini 1862112 ( c a t . , 111, p.87) ~ A I ~ IABL - M A Q ~ B I S : Al-Lu'lu'

a/-masjiir

ti morn;

lafz 01-lahiir

MUBAMMAD IjUSAYN A L - K H W A N S A R ~ :

fT

abkiim aaimii' 01-qaFI

MS: Mar'ashi 3041119 ( c a t . , VIII, p.249) 3.

ON ABLUTION

Ijakim 198

Risiila f7 bukm mC i d h i i abdath 01-rnujnib f7 a i h n i i ' g h u s l a/-jiniiba

included in his MajmG'at a / - i f i d i i t (see above, chapter 5) A L - K A R A K ~:

j T

wujGb a/-tahiira

hukrn 01-badath al-o$ghar 01-mutakhallil a t h n i i ' a / - g h u s l

Mas'ala

f7

wazTfot r a j u l iht6j ila ; ~ - ~ h u f7 s l o r @b i i r i d a

UBBAR B. MUBAMMAD A L - M ~ S A C V AL-NAJAF~ ~ ( d . after 1179): RisFIa

MS:

f7

wujiib ghusl a/-jum'o

DZnishgih 720011 ( c a t . , XVI, p.485)

srm AL-GIIITA'

:

Kashf 01-iltibiis b a y n 01-hayd wa ' I - i s t i b i i d a wa 'I-nifiis

MSS: Los Angeles M9311 ( c a t . , p.661);

Ijujjatiyya 70013 ( c a t . , p . 121)

fi

w u j i i b a/-layammum ' a l i i man mana'ah 01-zibzm ' a n a l - k h u r i i j

MS: Marcashi 235818 ( c a t . , VI, p.336)

ALT AKBAR AL-QAZWTNT:

A L - S H A H ~ D AL- THAN^ :

Risiilo

f7

MS: Mar'ashi 114215 ( c a t . , 111, p.317)

Risiila

Risiila ,T k a y f i y y a t w u j i i b g h u s l a / - j i n i i b a

MS:

Risiila

B N TAWQAL-BAI~RANT:

M U ' i N A L - D ~ NA L - M I $ R ~ : MS:

01-ghusl qabl a / - i s t i b r a '

MS: Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 25122 Fayyig ( c a t . , p.214)

MSS: Majlis 1314 ( c a t . , IV, pp.88-9); Faydiyya 1711 ( c a t . , 111, p.1) Yakim 17712 ( N a s h . , V, p.428); Princeton 73712 New Series

ShFf7 a / - ' a F I

fT hukrn

MS: Mar'gshi 198611 ( c a t . , V , p.357)

Risiiia f i 'I-wuQ'G' MiIIi l'i83I'H Arabic ( c a t . , X , p . 368)

NIS:

ABD ALLAH Mas ' a l a

li-mass K i t i i b AAZh

Khayrit KhZn 5312 ( c a t . , p.1736)

-

ALLAH AL-TUSTART : Riscla IT k i f i y a t 01-isba' 01-wFbido

-

Risiila

-

Risiila

-

Risiila f i ' I - i s t i b r i i '

'ABD

f7f a o q i q ma 'nci of-ka iT g h u s l 01-jurn'a

MS:

fi

AL-KIRMANSHAHT

:

taja7d 01-ghusl

Ilihiyyit 81916d ( c a t . , 11, p.21)

UBSIN B. MUIjAMMAD

RAFT'

AL-RASHTT AL-I$FAHANT( d . after 1268):

Nojiit 01-niswiin f i 'I-mash

'bayn

All included in his 01-Rasii'il (see above, chapter 5) ANONYMOUS : Risiila f7 anno ' I - g h u s l rnin 01-jiniib~i wiijib nafsT

MS: Mar'ashi 265915 ( c a t . , VII, p.240) UUAMMAD

'ABBAS AL-MU SAW^ AL-LAKNAWT: fT k a y f i y y a t a/-irtimiis

sofhat almiis

MS:

Mar'ashi 1803 ( c a t . , V, p.188)

L-KHURASHNT

:

Risiila f i ' I - d i m 7 a / - t h a l i i t h a

Edition:

Baghdad, 1331 (in his S h a d h u r 6 t )

A N INTRODUCTION TO

128

MAHDi B . IjUSAYN AL-KHALI$i

AL-KAZIMT

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OFDEVOTION

SHY'T LAW

MS: GulpZyigini 139112 ( c a t . , 11, p.254)

( d . 1343):

Riscla fi todckhul 01-aghsiil, a s a commentary on the relevant in al-Mubaqqiq's Sharc'i' 01-lsl5m Edition: Mashhad, 1342 'ABD

JJAMMAD I ~ U S A Y NAL-KHWAT~~NABADT: RisZilo dor jowZiz-I noql-i ojsiid bi-mashchid, Persian MSS: Dinishgih 552411, 581812 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.28, 98)

ALLAH AL-MAMAQAN'~:

Kit7ibot b a r kafon wo naql-i ojszd pas or dofn, Persian MS: U s t i d i ( c a t . , p.55)

Koshf 01-royb wo 'I-sij' fi ighnc' kull ghusl 'on 01-wuy'ij' Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in his ol-lthnt'oshoriyyo) 4.

,

ON THE DECEASED

ONYMOUS (written before 907):

IBN FAHD:

Uukm mul5qTqT ol-nojis MS: Mar'ashi 256417 ( c a t . , VII, p . 153)

Mos'olo fi p l 5 t oolmoyyit MS: Majlis 2750.3 ( c a t . , IX, p . 125) SHAMS

AL-DIN AL-ASTAR~B~D (mid-10th ~

ON IMPURITIES

RisZila IT me tonojjos bo'duh wa ishtoboh mowy'i' a/-nijiiso MSS: DZnishgih 2144140 ( c a t . , 'X, p . 828) : ShirZz, DZnishgih

century):

Risiilo fi koyfiyyot wop" a/-moyyit bo'd 01-ghusl MS: Mar'ashi 278512 ( c a t . , VII, p.348)

(mid UJJAMMAD YUSUF B. BASAN AL-IjUSAYNi AL-ASTARABAD~

AL-MUJTAHID : Abktm-I nijzstt , Persian MS: Mar'ashi 225212 ( c a t . , VI, pp.237-8)

Riscla fi istiqbcl a/-qiblo MS: Majlis 398819 ( c a t . , X , p.2166)

AL-SHAHTD

Riscilo fT bukm me idhc tuyuqqin 01-fahero wo 'I-nijZiso wo shukk 'I-szbiq minhum5, included in his Mojmz'ot a/-itZdFt (see above,

Abkcim 01-amwet MS: Milli 126212 ( c a t . , IX, p.251)

AL-SHYRWANY

:

AYN

Riscla dor obkiim-i omwct , Persian MS: Dinishgih 7008113 ( c a t . , XVI, p.426)

(10th c e n t u r y ) :

AMIN AL-ASTARABADT: RisSilo fi fohiirot 01-khomr

AbkEn a/-amwet, Persian MS: Raaawi 2742 ( c a t . , V, pp. 356-7)

MS: DZnishgih 1257112 ( c a t . , VII, p.2667) :

Qubclo qabaliyyo fi boyon istiqbzl a/-moyyit wo lowlThih ila 'I MS: Dinishgih 185916 ( c a t . , VIII, p.460)

AL-KHWAJU'T : Risiilo fi jowoz 01-tokfin fi 'I-$Gf wa 'I-wabar wa 'I-sho'r -

MS: Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 25124 Fayyia ( c a t . , p.214) -

A L - ' A B I D ~ N AL-TABRTZT

Risclo fT bukm 01-'oroq min ol-mutonojjis MS: Masjid-i A'zam 308511

HASHIM B . M U R T A ~ AA L - I ~ U S A Y(Nd ~. after 1128):

AL-MUKHTART

AL-THANI :

Risclo IT bukm al-isrzj 'ind 01-moyyil MS: Mashhad, Adabiyyat 2519 Fayyid ( c a t . , p . 212)

JJUSAYN A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ : Risiilo fT bukm 01-nobsh MSS: Raaawi 259515 ( c a t . , 11, p.118);

AIjMAD B. Z A Y N

A L - ' A B I D ~ N AL-'AMIL~

( d . after 1044):

RisZlo fT nijiisot 01-khamr, in refutation of the previous treatise MSS: DinishgZh 3749 ( c a t . , XII, p.2743); Adahiyyiit 25112 Kirmin ( c a t . , p.40); SipahsilZr 2916123, 450612 ( c a t . , I , p.283) $AFT AL-DiN B. FAKHR A L - D ~ NAL-TURAYIji AL-NAJAFi ( d . after 1100): Al-Yonbi7' 01-munbojis fi 'I-rodd 'ulcmon qiil inno 'I-munojjis 1; yunojjis MS: Masjid-i A'cam 96612: Buriijirdi (AB, XI, p.201) : AL-MAI~UZI

Fog1 a/-khifcb f7 nijtsot Ah1 ol-Kit7ib wo 'I-Nu&b MS: Najaf, J a z i ' i r i (Nosh., VII, p.717)

ZanjZni 76115 ( c a t . , pp.220-I)

AIjMAD A L - B A I ~ R ~ N ~ : -

Risi;lo fi tobq7q ghus5lot ol-nijiiso

MONOGRAPIIS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

130 MS:

AYKH AL-SHART'A - Fatb Allih b . Muhammad J a w i d al-Namizi al-Igfahini ( d . 1339):

Princeton 229113 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139)

R i s i i l o fT bukm rnuliiqT ol-mutonojjis MS: Princeton 229120 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139) KHALAF B . 'ABD

lfiiClot a/-QadTr f i abkiim 01-'ogTr MS: Mar'asili 1319 ( c a t . , IV, p.105)

'ALT A L - B A J J R A N(~d a . a f t e r 1182):

Risiila f i nijiisot 'oroq 01-junub min ol-bariim MS: IJakim 2205m

Risiilo fT tan178 01-mutonoijis Edition: Najaf, 1343 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s uiishiyat 01-Mokzsib)

UUSAYN B. ABI ' L - Q ~ S I M A L - M ~ S A W AL-KHWANSART ~ ( d . 1191): Risiilo tT tanojjus rnuliiqT a/-mutonoijis Edition: Igfahdn, 1377 ( t o g e t h e r with Muhammad B i q i r a l - K h w i n s i r i t s a/-Nohriyya) MSS: Mar'ashi 151916 ( c a t . , IV, p . 3 2 0 )

Risiilo f i 'odom ton175 a/-mutonojjis Edition; n . p . ( I r a n ) , 1337 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s Wiqiiyot 01-odhhiin)

sij

HUSAYN A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ : -

Risiilo f i bukrn 01-howiirnrn wa 'I-sow?mm wo 'I-boshoriit MSS: Radawi 259512 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 1 8 ) ; Zanjini 7612 ( c a t . , pp.220-1) Risiila f7 ton175 01-mutonajjis MSS: Radawi 259513 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 1 8 ) ;

Zanjini 7613 ( c a t . , pp.220-1)

Mos'alo f7 bukrn ' o ~ T r a ya/-tomr wa 'I-zobTb MSS: Radawi 7220 ( c a t . , V , p.442); Gulpiiyigiini 1820121 ( c a t . , 111, p . 92)

ALLAH

B . M U U A M M A D B ~ Q I AL-SHAFT? R

BAQIR

Risiila fi 'I-awiinT MS: Diinishgdh 2144145 ( c a t . , IX, p.832) ANONYMOUS: Risiilo ;lo bukrn isti'rniil owiinT ol-dhahob wo 'I-fiq'da fi 'I-fohiiro MS: Majlis 180415 ( c a t . , IX, p.321)

Risiilo fT bukrn owZnT 01-dhahab wo 'I-fiQ'Q'o Edition: T e h r a n , 1313 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s lziibat 01-shukiik)

( d . 1290):

'ABD A L - R A S ~ L A L - F ~ R ~ Z K O H T : Risiilo fi 'I-owiinT Edition: T e h r a n , 1321

AL-MnSAWi A L - B I H B A H ~ ~ N ?( d . a f t e r

TanbTh 01-c~niim f i Jahiirot 'oroq a/-junub min 01-boriim MS: D i n i s h g i h 934 ( c a t . , V, p . 1834)

'L-MAKARIM A L - Z A N J ~ N ~ : Risiila f7 burrnot owiinT 01-dhohob wo 'I-fiQ'p'o

ABU

MS: MUUAMMAD TAQf

AL-HA RAW^:

7.

Risiila f i 'oraq ol-junub rnin a/-boriim MS: DZnishgiih 371313 ( c a t . , XII, p.2713) MUUAMMAD H ~ S H I MB . ZAYN AL-'ABIDTN AL-MijSAWi ( d . 1318):

Zanjini 113 ( c a t . , p.240)

COMPLEMENTARY DISCUSSIONS

MULLA MU'MIN

MUJJAMMAD RIpA B . 'ALi AL-ASTARAB%DT ( d . a f t e r 1325):

- Muhammad b . JJasan al-Tabrizi ( e a r l y 14th c e n t u r y ) :

Risiiio f i jowiiz balq 01-libya Edition: T a b r i z , 1300 MS: Princeton 1076 New Series

AL-KHWANSART

Hall a 1 'asik f7 abkFm 01- 'osTr Edition: T e h r a n , 1317 ( i n h i s Ma'din 01-fowii'id)

Risiilo f7 nijiisot Ah1 01-Kitiib Edition: I n d i a , 1324

( d . 1360):

A L - A S H T I Y A N ~:

Risiilo fi 'I-'asTr alkCinabTwo 'I-zobTbT wa 'I-tarnrT MS: Rawa5ti (Mu'allim, 111, p p . 837-8) AUMAD B . MUUAMMAD 1294) :

B . NA$R ALLAH AL-ZANJANT

AL-MUJTAHID:

:

Risiilo f i toi1iTr alk'a17n bi-tokhbrzih wo 'odornih MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XI, p.149) ASAD

ALLAH

6. ON VESSELS

A L - B I H B A H A N ~:

AL-SHAFTT

'ABD

Risiilo f7 iohiirot Ah1 01-Kit& Edition: B a g h d a d , 1345

BASAN B . -

-

HADT

AL-$ADR A L - ' ~ N I I L (~d . 1354):

Dhikrii dhgwT 01-nuhii f7 burrnot balq a/-IibZ MS: DZnishgiih 551812 ( c a t . , XVI, p.27) Al-Ghiiliyo li-ah1 01-on~iir a/-'F1iyo = Risiilo d o r burmat-i riihtorFsh7, MS:

Fayoiyya 207111 ( c a t . , 111, p.175)

131

AN INTRODUCTION TO S H ? ' ~LAW

134

( c a t . , p.354); Majlis 464512 ( c a t . , XIII, p . 3 4 ) ; Mar'ashi 959 ( c a t . , I , 1 5 1 ; Dinishgih 2144136, 101517, 587612 ( c a t . , V , p.1951, IX, p.828, XVI, p.387); Raoawi 2500 ( c a t . , 11, p . 9 0 ) ; Masjid-i A'za 57512 -

Al-Hidiiya = WZjibiit 01-galCt

MS: -

Los Angeles MI31314 ( c a t . , p.724); Rawdati (AB, XXV, p p . 164

Mi$bCb oIkmubtod7

MSS: Los Angeles M131318 ( c a t . , p.724); Tustariyya 87311 ( c a t . , pp.878-9); Radawi 2652 ( c a t . , 11, p . 136); Milli, Arabic 1919110, 80012 ( c a t . , VIII, p.303, X, p.584); K i s h i n i ( c a t . , p.252); Faydiyy 183512 ( c a t . , 111, p.139); Radawi 2651-2, 6038 ( c a t . , 11, p.136, V , p . 506); DZnishgih 7045 ( c a t . , XVI, p.438); Ilihiyyit 58312d ( c a t . , p.336); Waziri 245612, 320113 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1300, 1569); Gulpiyigin 99911 ( c a t . , 11, p.219); Masjid-i A'zam 116015 -

Shadhrot a l - n o g d

MSS:

Los Angeles M131316 ( c a t . , p.724);

IBRAHTM

Majlis 883413

B. LAYTH A L - H U S A Y N ~ (mid-9th c c e n t u r y ) :

A/-Muqoddorna a / - f o r ' i y y o

MS:

Princeton 399212 Yahuda ( c a t . , p . 149)

A L - T U W A L ~-NShams ~ al-Din 'Ali al-Nabiriri al-'Amili (mid-9th century) : KifCyot a / - m u h t a d i = 01-TuwalCniyyo

MSS: Radawi 2283, 2718, 6187 ( c a t . , 11, p.22, V , p.390); Ilihiyyit 16813d ( c a t . , I , p.251); Dinishgih 116311 ( c a t . , VI, p.2233); Milli 119011 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p.175): Los Angeles M9715 ( c a t . , p.663) I B N ABi JUMHBR: A/-Risiila 01-Barmakiyyo

Translation: Persian, MS: Dinishgih 1015141 ( c a t . , V, pp.1827-8) AL-MAYST

Niir al-Din 'Ali b . 'Abd al-'A17 ( d . 938):

-

WGibCt 01-$oliit

MS: Matbaf 186 ( c a t . . I , p.239)

AL-KARAKT -

-

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

135

a l - A s t a r i b i d i , MS: IlihiyyZt 304d ( c a t . , I , p . 28); (5-7) three anonymous or unidentified Persian translations: ( a ) MS: Masjid-i Jimi' 31314 ( c a t . , p.383); ( b ) MS: India Office 121 Ashburner ( c a t . , p . 7 8 ) ; ( c ) MS: Bankipzre 1247 ( c a t . Persian, I , p . 199) In verse: 0 1 - ' A b i d i y y o , by 'Abd al-ausayn b . 'Ahd al-Ria; aalKieimi ( d . after 1120), MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XV, p.204) Commentaries: (1) by the a u t h o r , MSS: Dinishgih 87217 ( c a t . , V, p . 1862); Radawi 11312 law ( c a t . , 11, p . 3 4 ) ; ( 2 ) a/-MofChb 01Mu?offoriyyo, by Mubarnmad b . p b i Tilib al-Miisawi al-Astaribidi ( d . after 940), selected MSS: Asafiyya 146 S h i ' i law ( c a t . , 11, p p . 245-6); Ragawi 2622-3, 2478-80,6497 ( c a t . , 11, pp.83-4, 126-7, V, p p . 506-7); JJujjatiyya 121 ( c a t . , p.86); JJuqiiq 31d, 320j ( c a t . , p.469); Malik 2380, 2797 ( c a t . , I , p.688); Majlis 33, 139 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p.153); Dinishgih 269411, 6659 ( c a t . , X, p.1577, XVI, p.327); Matbaf 2806, 3038 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 5 6 ) ; India Office 1811 ( c a t . , 11, p.314); (3) a / - C h o r o w i y y o , by Sharaf al-Din 'Ali al-ausayni al-Astaribidi f d . after 938). MSS: Radawi 2499 ( c a t . , 11, p . 90); Princeton 193511 New Series; Hakim 58 ( N d s h . , V, p . 4 2 3 ) ; ( 4 7 0 1 - v o y d a r i y y o , by Shah T i h i r b . Radi al--Din al-Ijusayni al-Ismi'ili al-Dakani ( d . 952), MSS: Raaawi 2621 ( c a t . , V, p.455, 507); Los Angeles M829 ( c a t . , p.216); (5) by al-Maysi, MS: ZanjZn ( c a t . , p.113); ( 6 ) S h o r b k h u t b a t olJ o ' f o r i y y o , by Mubammad Mahdi al-Radawi al-Mashhadi ( d . a f t e r 954), MS: IlihiyyZt 9911 (Cat., I , p.715); ( 7 ) by 'Abd al-Hayy al-Ashraqi a l - J u r i i n i . MS: Bencal 634 ( c a t . , I . 0.313); ( 8 ) 01-FawC',d 01-'oliyvo, by al-iradil a l - ~ a u u i d , ~Gharb ~ ~ ~ :1132 ( c a t . , p.167); Mar'ashi 1 7 i 2 ( c a t . . V . ww.103-4); Mailis 9391; ShirZzi (AB, XVI, p.350); , kaw&ti '(cat., I , p p . 260 f f ) ; ( 9 ) 01-Ashi"a a ~ - b o d r i ; ~ oby Mubammad Ismi'il al-Fadi'i al-Kazzizi, MS: Masjid-i A'zam 386, 9 2 7 2 - 4 : (~ ln) hv, 'Ali Akbar b . Ibrihim al-KhwZnsZri ( d . 1271). . . MSS: -, Gulpivie;ani 89 ( c a t . , I , p . 9 2 ) ; (11) anonymous, MS: GawharshZd - - 560 ( c a t . , p.318)

-.

A / - N a j m i y y o , on dogmatics and prayer MSS: ?dahdawi 50012 ( c a t . , p . 120); ha(lawi 2746 ( c a t . , V, p.526): Gulpiyigini 4314 ( c a t . , 1, p . 5 4 ) ; Los Angeles M1051 ( c a t . , p.707) Commentary: 01-Kowiikib a / - d u r r i y y o , by Busayn b . 'Ali al-Uwili al-Hajari, MS: Radawi 2543 ( c a t . , 11, p.104) Mo'FnT of':/ ., ~. ol-crilzt .. M S : Gharb 4 1 5 6 ( c a t . , p.380)

:

AlkAlfiyya

A B B B~. MUUAMMAD RIPA

fT f o r d

AL-TUNT

( d . aftdr 9491:

MSS: KhZligi ( c a t . , p . 6 7 ) ; Gulpiyigini 4312 ( c a t . , I , p.54)

WalTzo

nrii/vn .A. . 1 -l o - ' f,-..,,-

MS: Milli 1028 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p.31)

Editions: Tehran, 1314, 1318 Selected MSS: Raoawi 2319, 2316, 2321, 2325 ( c a t . , 11, pp.32-3); Majlis 546 Tabatabi'i , 1161 ~ a b i t a b ' a ' i 311212 , ( c a t . , X , p p . 674-5) ; Waairi 95211 ( c a t . , 11, p . 784); 'Abd al-'Azim 12211 ( c a t . , p.438); Uinishgih 87217 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1841-2); Mahdawi 50011 ( c a t . , p.120); Mar'ashi 68011 ( c a t . , 11, p.273); Nawwib 18 law ( c a t . , p.454); D i r al-Kutub 21237 ( c a t . , I , p.400); Bankipore 844 ( c a t . Arabic, I , p.84) Translation: ( 1 ) Persian, by Llasan b . 'Abd al-GhaffZr (early 10th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Majlis 311211 ( c a t . , X , p.673); ( 2 ) Persian, by Abu '1-Ma'ili b . Badr al-Din JJasan al-Yusayni al-Astaribidi ( d . after 9351, MSS: Tiflis 699110 ( N a s h . , VIII, p.260); sahib al-Dhari'a (AB, IV, pp.94, 104); ( 3 ) Persian, by 'Ali b . JJasan al-Zawiri, MS: Waziri 228412 ( c a t . , IV, p.1232); ( 4 ) Persian, by wasan b . GhiyZth

01-$olCt

MUJJAMMAD B. JJARITH A L - M A N $ ~A~LR - B~A ~ R A N T ( d . after 952): A i - S o y f i y y o , on dogmatics and prayer

MS: Majlis 433912 ( c a t . , XII, p.38)

KAMAL AL-DTN

FIUSAYN B. FAQL

ALLAH

A L - D ~ M G H ~ (Nd .~ after 972):

WCjibiit 01-$alZt

MS:

x s t i n a 38311 ( c a t . , p.232)

'ABD AL-'ALi A L - K A R A K ~ : Ai-NizZmiyyo

Commentary: HCd7 01-muQ'illTn wo m u r s h i d a/-mu$ollii?, by 'Abd al-HZdi b . RafT' al-Din Ijusayn al-FIusayni al-DilijZni ( d . after 10481, MSS:

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'i LAW

MSS: Gharb 2435 ( c a t . , pp.203-4);

Mar'ashi 801, 1167, 2153 ( c a t . , 111, p p . 1 , 339, VI, p.160) $ABIB AL-MA'XLIM:

BAMMAD

TAHIR

B.

RAPT

137

Najaf, J a z i ' i r i (AB, XV,

A L - D ~ N MUUAMMAD

AL-BUSAYNT (rnrly

12th

A/-IthnZ'ashariyyo

MSS: Sipahsilir 606211 ( c a t . , 111, pp.42-3); DZnishgih 370214 (cat XI, p.2016) Commentaries: ( 1 ) 01-An wZr a / - q o m o r i y y o , b y Fayd Allih b . 'Abd Qihir al-ausayni al-Tafrishi ( d . 1025), MS: -Nujiimi ( c a t . , p.293); ( 2 ) b y MuQammad b . wasan 31-'Amili, MSS: Asafivya 96 S h i ' i law ( c a t . , 11, p p . 243-4); Hamadsn, Madrasa-yi Dimghirni ( N o s h . , V, p.384); (3) by Bahi' al-Din alkCAmili, MSS: Radawi 2729 ( c a t . , V, p.405); DZnishgZh 918112 ( c a t . , V, pp.1855-6): AdabiyyXt 1413d ( c a t . , p p . 197-8); Majlis 371816, 596011 ( c a t . , X, pp.1694-5, XVII, p . 344); Masjid-i &mi' 29912 ( c a t . , p . 377); Sipahsilir 793911 ( c a t . , IV, p p . 139-40); ( 4 ) 01-Fowz'id a / - C h o r o w i y y a , by Sharaf al-Din 'Ali Bujjat AllZh al-ShiilastZni ( d . after 1057), MSS: Majlis 494411 ( c a t . , XVII, p p . 327-8); Radawi 2509 ( c a t . , 11, p . 92); SipahsiTar 6065 (ca V, p.386)

BAHA' AL-DTN

ToqwTm 01-golZt

Edition: Tehran, 1364 MSS: Majlis 2049, 4731 ( c a t . , VI, p.47, XIII, pp. 111-12); ( c a t . , VI, pp. 677-8)

A/-MosZ'ii 01-khamso

MS: Majlis 270112 ( c a t . , IX, p . 4 )

ABIB

Editions: Najaf, 1356, 1371 MS: Mar'ashi 345014 ( c a t . , 1X;p. 242)

AL-%MILT:

S h o r b RisZlot 01-salZt, a commentary on t h e previous work

MSS: Mar'ashi 345015 ( c a t . , IX, p . 243);

Radawi 6467 ( c a t . , V, p.434); Niirbakhsh 43711 ( c a t . , 11, p . 132); Zanjin ( c a t . , p . 114); DZnishgih 766711 ( c a t . , XVI, p.668)

Bodleian Arab.e. 175

Risiilo f i "I-golZt, different from above

MS: Mar'ashi 345016 ( c a t . , IX, pp.243-5)

T u b f o t 01-Rip';

Ragawi 6533 ( c a t . , V , pp.379-81)

IjUSAYN

ANONYMOUS (written before 1057): Gulpiyigini 199111 ( c a t . , 111, pp.129-30)

AL 'u$FOR:

Al-Nafba o l - q u d s i y y o

MSS: Marcashi 2475 ( c a t . , VII, p.66);

Al-RisZIo a/-mo'nawiyyo

MS:

AL-UADA'IQ:

Risiilo f i 'I-galZt

MU'IZZ A L - D ~ NA L - M ~ S A W ~ : MS:

Milli 293312f

UMAD A L - B A ~ R ~ N ? :

RisZIo mukhtogoro f7 f i q h 01-goliit

MS:

, Persian

ABU TALIB

U s t i d i ( c a t . , p.66)

B. ABI 'L-JJASAN AL-BUSAYNI AL-QUMM'~ (mid-13th

MIlIjAMMAD A L - Y U S A Y N ~ ( d . a f t e r 1074): I r s h Z d 01-gZiibTn, Persian

RisZla fi ' I - ~ a l Z t

MS: ABU

DZnishgXh 2155 ( c a t . , IX, p.850)

'L-QASIM

MS: Milli 1942f ( c a t . , IV, p.407)

AL-GULPLYIGAN'I: Motiili' 01-onwcr, a commentary on the chapter on prayer of al-MuQaqqiqls ShorE'i' 01-lsliim Selected MSS: ~ a r ' a s h i 2799, 1632, 1900, 1906, 1913, 1929, 2980, 3304 ( c a t . , V, pp.35, 272-3, 277, 285, 297,VII, p.367, VIII, p.157, I X ,

A I-MasZilik

MSS: Ragawi 5721 ( c a t . , V, p . 500); Milli 294 Arabic ( c a t . , VII, p p . 262-3) ANONYMOUS (written before 1095):

p . 8 4 ) ; Majlis 5788-90 ( c a t . , XVII, p p . 221-3): Dinishgih 1000-2, 4888 ( c a t . , V, pp.2047-52, XIV, pp.3937-8); SipahsiGr 2474-8 ( c a t . , I , pp.459-61); Radawi 7971, 7976-80 (Binish, pp.1016-17)

RisZlo f i 'I-$ol;t

MS: DinishgZh 271112 ( c a t . , X, p.1588)

AL-MAJLIST

BUSAYN B . 11:

DILDAR 'ALT

AL-NA$TRABADI( d . a f t e r 1250):

MonEhij ol-tadqTq wo mo'Zrij 01-tobqTq

ZdZb a/-goiEt , Persian MS: Mar'ashi 18711 ( c a t . , I , p.205)

Edition:

India (AB, XXII, p.343)

AL-MAHUZT: -

A l - F o w Z ' i d g l - s a r i y y o , a commentary on the treatise on prayer of Bahi al-Din al- 'Amili's 01-l t h n Z C a s h o r i y y o

MS: -

Najaf, J a z i ' i r i (AB, XVI, p.342)

WZjibCt 01-goliit

Edition: Tehran, 1305 MS: UstXdi ( c a t . , p.26) -

K . a/-SolZt, his lectures on prayer compiled by one of his pupils

MS:

Majlis 4 4 7abZiabZ.i

138

AN INTRODUCTION TO

AL-
-

'Abd al-Karim b . Muhammad Ja'far al-Yazdi ( d . 1355):

K . a/-$aliit

Edition: -

s H I ' ~LAW

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION ON THE DIRECTION OF

ADHAN

Tehran, 1353

K . 01-;SdFt, his lectures on prayer compiled by Makmud al-Xshtiyini Edition: Tehran, 1387-90

B.

JIBRI'TL

139

PRAYER^

A L - Q U M M ~( d . after 593):

Editions: Tehran, 1311, 1390 (both in al-Majlisi 11's B i b C r o o l o n w i ; r , first edition, XVIII, part 2, p p . 153-6; second edition, LXXXIV,

AL-NA'TNT: K . a l - S d i i t , his lectures on prayer compiled b y Mubarnmad Taqi

al-Amuli Edition: Tehran, 1372-3 ( 3 vols.)

Selected MSS: Majlis 4339111, 519412, 2761116 ( c a t . , IX, p.164, XII, p.42, XVI, p.24): RaJawi 6045, 7187 (Binish, p.587); Gulpiyigzni 239715 ( c a t . , 111, p.245); Mar'ashi 679 ( c a t . , 11, p.272); Dinishgih 88213 ( c a t . , V , pp.1774-5)

AL-BUROJIRDI : N i h Z y o t 0 1 - t o q r T r , his lectures on prayer complied by Muhammad alMuwapuidi al-Lankarini Edition: Qurn, 1376 ( 2 vols.)

2.

Selected MSS: Dinishgih 88214, 288812, 592313 ( c a t . , V, p . 1838, X, p.1733, XVI, p.154); Majlis 398818, 3280122 ( c a t . , X, pp.900-1, 2165);

ON TIMES OF PRAYER

BAYAZTD

I s t i b b i i b 01-tayiisur li-oh1 o l - ' I r i i q

Editions: Tehran, 1307 (in al-Shahid a l - T h i n i l s Rawp' o l - j i n i i n , between p p . 199-200) and others

Radawi 7188 ( c a t . , V, p.430); U s t i d i ( c a t . , p . 6 9 ) . It is also included in Ibn Fahd's o l - M u h o d h d h o b a / - b i i r i * , the chapter on prayer.

AL-TH~N~:

A w q i i t al-goliit MS: DinishgZh 944111 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1784-5) Risiilo f i ' I - q i b l o (see AB, XVII, p.45) MSS: Milli 1493111 Arabic ( c a t . , X, 0.621); Dinishgih 359716 ( c a t . ,

AL-MAJLISf 11: A w q i i t - i n a m i i l , Persian MSS: Mar'ashi 187117, 305013 ( c a t . , I , pp.211-12, VIII, p.269)

USAYN B. 'ABD AL-SAMAD:

A L - ~ A u O z :i Risiilo

fT

T u b f a t ah1 01-TmZn

o w q i i t 01-zoliit

MS: Busayniyyat Kishif al-Ghiti' 55 ( A B , X I , p.124) AL-MUKHTLRI:

Q i b l o t ' I r Z q o l k ' a j a m wo K h u r i i s i i n

MSS: Mar'ashi 74414 ( c a t . , 11, p . 3 4 6 ) ; FayJiyya 167911 ( c a t . , 111, p.117); Gulpiyigini 4814 ( c a t . , I , p.58)

H i ~ i i n01-yowiiqTt

MS: Mar'ashi 338215 ( c a t . , IX, p.160) ABMAD

AL-BAJJRANT

NONYMOUS:

:

T o ' r q 'dci m o b b a t h al-zowiil min 01-Rowp'a a / - b o h i y y o

MSS: Dinishgih 752411 (cat., XVI, p . 6 0 8 ) : ( c a t . , p . 138)

Princeton 22916 Yahuda

IBN TAWQ A L - B A ~ R A N T : I d r i i k 01-rok'a fi 'I-woqt

MS: Mar'ashi 235815r11 ( c a t . , VI, pp.335, 337) ' A L ~B . MUIJAMMAD JJUSAYN A L - S H A H R A S T A N ~ ( d . 1344): Risiilo

fT

Edition:

MSS: Majlis 183619 ( c a t . , IX, p p . 487-8); Milli 194314 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 617); GawharshZd 175012 ( c a t . , p.368); GulpiyigZnT 4811 ( c a t . , I , p . 5 8 ) ; Raaawi 7386 (Binish, p.633)

mo'rifat waqt a/-moghrib

Risiilo

MS:

fT

m o ' r i f o t 01-qibia

Sipahsilir 84012 ( c a t . , V, p.398) A L - ~ U S A Y NA ~L-SH~LASTAN~:

AJJMUD Risiilo

fT

m o ' r i f a t 01-qiblo

MS: Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 77315 ( c a t . , I , pp.416-17)

'ALL'

AL-MULK

Risi;lo

MS:

fT

FAOIL KHAN

(10th c e n t u r y ) :

tobqTq 01-qiblo

Sipahsilir 2925111 ( c a t . , 111, pp.380-1)

Tehran, 1320 AL-MUJTAHID: Risiilo fi 'I-qiblo

Translation: Persian, by Muhammad Qidiq al-Sirkini , MS: Ustidi

For S h i ' i scientific works on t h e subject see AB, XVII, pp.37-46.

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW

140

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

BAHA' AL-DTN AL-'AMILY: RisZla

fi

ON CLOTHES FOR PRAYER

t a b q i q johot al-qibla

Selected MSS: DZnishgZh 82114, 91819, 98713, 162612, 400516, 4316 ( c a t . , V, pp.1853-4, VIII, p.210, XII, p.2993, XIII, p.3279); SipahsZEr 267016, 753919, 754214,8190112 ( c a t . ; I , pp.419-20, 111, p.44, IV, p.133); Mar'ashi 10414, 100315 ( s a t . , I , p.126, 111, p GulpZyigZni 4812, 14612 ( c a t . , I , pp.58, 135); Masjid-i A'qam 4 Princeton 15112 New Series; Raoawi 6544 ( c a t . , V, p.438) MUJJAMMAD Y A J ~ Y A B. S H A R ~ FA L - S ~ W I J (~d . after 1075): Minhiij o l - q i b l a , Persian MS: Mar'ashi 1453 ( c a t . , IV, p.242)

O R ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~ : RisZla f~ t o b q i q mii l i i totimm al-$aliit f i h

MS: IlZhiyyZt 5119d (Cat., I , p.127)

HA'

A L - D ~ N A L - ' A M I L ~:

Editions: Tehran, 1315 (in the collection of Kalimiit a/-mubaqqiqil 1318 (in the margin of al-KhurZsZni's D u r o r o l - f o w i i ' i d ) MS: DZnishgZh 91813 ( c a t . , V , P.1875)

MUJJAMMADB. MUIJAMMAD Z A M ~ NAL-KHSHANT ( d . after 1172): Qibla-yi I t h n Z ' o s h o r i y y a , Persian MSS: DZnishgZh 706012 ( c a t . , XVI, p.442); AdabiyyZt, 1895 (c pp. 376-7); Majlis 627, 196617 (Cat., IX, pp.682-4); Niirbakhsh ( c a t . , I , p.131)

MUJJAMMAD $ ~ L I IB. J MUBAMMAD SA'f D AL-KHALKHALT ( d . 1175) : A l - l b i i n a 01-marp'iyya, a commentary on the relevant discussion in alShahid al-ThZni's ol-Rawp'a 01-bohiyyo

Edition: Tehran 1313 MS: Mar'ashi 2786 ( c a t . , VII, pp. 349-50); DinishgZh 5830 ( c a t . , XVI, p.30)

Al-Dhahobiyyo

MS: DZnishgZh 79113 (Cat., V,

P. 1883)

247613 ( c a t . , VII, p.68) Risiiia f i 'l-libo's ol-moshkck

MS: Majlis 375211 ( c a t . , X, p.1736) uSAYN AL-QAZWTNT: MukhtZr oolmadhhab

fT

mii y a ~ b a b u hal-insiin min al-dhohab

MSS: Raoawi 259511 ( c a t . , 11, p.118):

zanjini 7611 ( c a t . , pp.

MUIJAMMAD JA'FAR A L - A S T A R A B ~ D T : Iziibat a / - s h u k i i k f i 'I-libiis al-mashkiik

RisZla f i ' I - q i b l a

MS:

' A L ~B.

Edition:

Mar'ashi 306612 ( c a t . , VIII, p.287)

RIPA AL

MAD J ~ U S A Y NAL-SHAHRASTANT

BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M :

Tehran, 1291 (together with his a l - B u r h i i n a l - q i i c i ' )

' A L ~B. 'ABD

ALLAH AL-'ALYART

AL-TABR~ZT( d . 1321):

fT t a ' y i n ol-waqt wa 'I-qibla,as a commentary on the relevant discussions in al-Shahid al-ThZni's above-mentioned work MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXIII, p.176) Minhiij al-millo

MUUAMMAD 'ALf B. MUUAMMAD N A $ ~ R AL-MUDARRIS ( d . 1334):

AL-GTLANT

al-Shahid al-Thini's above-mentioned work Edition: Tehran, 1323 MS: Mar'ashi 207811 ( c a t . , VI, p. 91) MUJJAMMAD HASHIM B . MUIJAMMAD ' A L ~AL-KHURASANT

Edition:

Tehran, 1320

UBAMMAD B . MUYAMMAD BAQIR

AL-JJUSAYNT

AL-FTROZABADT

JZmi' al-kalim

Edition: Najaf, 1339

AL-BALAGHT

:

Risiila f i 'I-IibZs aolmashkiik

AI-Waqt wa ' I - q i b l a , a commentary on the relevant discussions in

Risiila dar mo'rifat-i q i b l a , Persian Editions: Tehran, 1332, 1352, Mashhad, 1350

:

~ j s i j / of i m o ' r i f a t b u k m 01-moshkiik rnin 01-libiis

RisZlo f i ' I - q i b l a

Edition:

Tehran, 1313

Edition:

AL-:RAWANT

Najaf, 1352 (together with his u i i s h i y a t al-makiisib) -

'Ali b . 'Abd al-IJusayn al-Najafi

( d . 1353):

Al-Dhahab al-mosbiik

Edition:

Tehran,1367

( d . 1352): Risiila f i 'I-libiis al-mashkiik

Edition:

QIYA'

Najaf, 1357-8 (together with his Munyot a l - t i i l i b )

A L - D ~ NA L - ' A R ~ Q ~ :

Risiila f i 'I-libiis al-mashkiik

142

AN INTRODUCTION T O

SHT'T

MONOGRAPHS ON A C T S O F DEVOTION

LAW

'MIN B . MUIJAMMAD

E d i t i o n s : N a j a f , n . d . , Q u m , 1394 ( b o t h t o g e t h e r w i t h , his Rawii'i'

HASHIM A L - Y U S A Y N ~ (mid-12th

01-amX) bbiib a/-shohiida

ABU 'L-IJASAN B . MUIJAMMAD AL-ANGAJT A L - T A B R ~ Z (~d . 1 3 5 7 ) :

M S : D i n i s h g i h 260313 ( c a t . , I X , P . 1457)

Iziibat a / - i l t i b i i s ' a n b u k m 01-moshkiik min a/-lib55

T a b r i z , 1313

Edition:

~ T RB .

MUUAMMAD J A ' F A R B . MUIJAMMAD

TAHIR A L - S H ~ R T \ Z(~d . 1395):

ShTrZz,

M S : M a r ' a s h i 2517 ( c a t . , V I I , p p . 1 0 2 - 3 )

1366

AL-KHU'i:

~ i s i i l of7 k a y f i y y o t a/-adhiin wa ' I - t o s h a h h u d

Edition:

N a j a f , 1361

ASHIF AL-GHITA'

: Risiila f i 'I-man' min a/-shahiida

ON PLACE O F PRAYER

'ALT

NAQT B . MUVAMMAD ( d . 1060):

Risiila f i

MS:

AL-AKHBART

ZAYN A L - ' A B I D ~ N B . MUIJAMMAD YUSUF A L - I J U S A Y N ~ ( d . a f t e r 1168) : MSS:

AL-LARTJANY

b u f l i i n a/-$aliit f i 'I-makiin 01-moghgijb

Milli 108114 ( c a t . , I X , p . 7 5 ) :

M a r e a s h i 3056 ( c a t . , V I I I , p . 2 7

MUUAMMAD B . ASGHAR UUSAYN -

MSS:

f i 'I-makiin a/-mogh$ijb

'ALT

MUVAMMAD

B . MUIJAMMAD

Z a n j i n i 7614 ( c a t . , p p . 2 2 0 -

BAQIR AL- SHAFT^:

6.

K h a y r a/-'omal, U r d u

M a r ' a s h i 189113 ( c a t . , V , p . 2 6 7 )

INCIDENTAL DISCUSSIONS

'ABD

ALLAH AL-TUSTART:

RisZila

Risiila f i 'I-$aliit f i 'I-makiin a/-magh$ijb

MS:

M a r ' a s h i 199512 ( c a t . , V , p . 3 6 6 )

Risiilo Al-Tah/Tliyya = Hal 01-tahrl marratiin wiibida

fT

i i k h i r 01-iqiima aw marra

f7

w u j i i b a/-galiit ' o l o ' / - N a b 7

DZnishgZh 429211 ( c a t . , X I I I , pp.3261-2)

MS:

MUIJAMMAD IJUSAYN A L - K H W A T U N A B A D ~ : Risiilo d a r wujijb-i golawiit, P e r s i a n

DZnishgZh 59114 ( c a t . , V , p . 1 8 3 7 )

MS:

Ustidi (cat., p.55)

HADT B . MUBAMMAD 8ALIkI AL-MAZANDARANI ( d . a r o u n d 7.

Risiila Ti 'I-adhiin wa 'I-iqiima

MS:

i d k h i i l 01-shohiida b i ' I - w i l i i y o f i ' I - t a s h o h h u d , i n c l u d e d i n

IJAYDAR ' A L i A L - S H ~ R W ~ (~e aNr ~l y 1 2 t h c e n t u r y ) :

MUIJAMMAD ~ ~ L I JBJ. 'ABD A L - W ~ S I ' AL-KHWATUNABADT ( d . 1126):

MUVAMMAD 1134):

f7

h i s 01-Rasii'il ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5 )

ON CALL FOR PRAYER

MS:

( d . a f t e r 1333):

M a r ' a s h i 189112 ( c a t . , V , p . 2 6 6 )

MS:

R a d a w i 259514 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 1 8 ) ;

AL-AMROHAWT

Biib-i jiniin, U r d u

MS:

FJUSAYN AL-QAZW~N!: Risiilo f7 bukm a / - ' i b i i d a

- MuQarnmad b . ' A b d a l - N a b i a l - N a y s i b u r i ( d . 1232):

Risiila dar shahiidat b a r wiliiyat d a r o d h i i n , P e r s i a n MS: Majlis 279716 ( c a t . , X , p p . 7 2 - 3 )

Majlis 333315 ( c a t . , X , p . 1 1 3 0 )

fT

b i ' I - w i l i i y a f i 'I-adhiin

M S : i n s e r t e d in t h e n e x t t r e a t i s e -

HASHIM AL-KAMARA'T A L - I ~ F A H ~ N T

" I g o l i i t f i 'I-magh$ijb

Kashf 01-matlijb

M a s h h a d , A d a b i y y a t 2516 ' F a y y i o ( c a t . , p p . 211-12)

MS:

Risiila f i ' I - l i b i i s a/-mashkijk

5.

MUVAMMAD MA'SUM:

Kanz a/-ShT'a

Iziibat 01-shukijk ' o n b u k m 01-libiis a/-mashkijk

Edition:

bi-wilCyot ' A i 7 b . Ab7 T i i l i b f i 'l-odhiin

N a w w i b 27112 ( c a t

'ABD

., p . 4 7 4 )

AL-SARAB Mubarnmad b . ' a b d al-FattZb a l - - T u n u k Z b u n i ( d . 1124): Risiila f7 f u $ i l 01-adhiin wo 'I-iqiima -

MSS: D a n i s h g i h 88813 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1 9 6 0 - 1 ) ; ( c a t . , 111, p . 8 5 )

ON RECITATION

G u l p a y i g Z n i 186213

ALLAH AL-TUSTART:

Risiilo f i ' I - j o h r wo ' I - i k h E t f i 'I-awwalotayn, i n c l u d e d i n h i s a / - R o s i i ' i l ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5)

BAHA'

A L - D ~ NA L - ' A M I L ~ :

Risiilu

f7

MSS:

R a d a w i 242 law ( c a t . , 11, p . 7 4 ) ;

istibbiib 01-sijra f i 'I-galat

M a r ' a s h i 100319 ( c a t . , 111,

1

144

AN INTRODUCTION TO S H ~ ' ? LAW

~ A D I QB.

MUBAMMAD 1057):

f7

Risiila

MUJJAMMAD AMTN AL-BILL? AL-SHTRAZT

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION (d

ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~: Risiila f7 k i E y a t musammii 01-jabha D

istibbiib a / - s i r a

MS: Dinishggh 712611 ( c a t . , XVI, p.461)

HA'

MS: Dinishgih 708715 (cat., XVI, p.449)

MSS: Adabiyyit 27512 Kirmin ( c a t . , p.42); Miftib 24415 ( c a t . , p.230); Najaf, J a z i ' i r i ( N a s h . , VII, p.716)

f7

Risiilo

koyfiyyat a/-tasbTb Ti

ON TERMINATING SALUTE

YAZTD AL-THANT

'I-akh7ratayn

Najaf, JazZ'iri ( N o s h . , VII, p . 716)

MUJJAMMAD JA'FAR B. MUBAMMAD

BAQIR

AL-DIN A L - ' & M I L ~:

Riszla f7 s u j i d 01-tiliiwa

R~siilaIi- afp'oliyyat 01-tasb7b 'ala ' I - q i r z ' a f i 'I-rak'atayn alakh7ratyan

MS:

f i 'I-sujid,included in his 01-Ra:

(see above, chapter 5)

:

Al-Tubfa a/-mardiyya = 01-Saliimiyya

MS: DinishgZh 94417 ( c a t . , V, p.1825)

AL-SABZAW~R~:

AlTakbTrZit a/-sob '

MS: Mar'ashi 47813 ( c a t . , 11, p.83)

Risiila f i 'I-taslTm f i 'I-$aliit

MS:

AJJMAD AL-BAJJRAN? : Risiila

f7

jaw% a / - ' u d i i l 'an k u l l s i j r a 'ado 'I-Jabd wa 'I-TawbTd

Tustariyya (AB, XI, p.147)

NONYMOUS (written in or before 1058):

MS: Princeton 229115 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.149)

Risiila

fi w u j i b

a/-tosliin f l 'I-galiit

MS: Mar'ashi 138312 ( c a t . , IV, p.157) Tadhkirat 01-wadiid = Risiila

MS:

f7 istibbzb raf' a/-yadayn f i 'I-qunijt

UVAMMAD

TAHIR

B. MUBAMMAD IJUSAYN A L - Q U M M(~d . 1098):

Princeton 1317 New Series (fols. 23b-44b)

Risiilo f7 afdaliyyat al-tasb7b f i 'I-akhTratayn

MSS: Dinishgih 221513 ( c a t . , IX, p.891); Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XII, p . 214) ; Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid ( i b i d . , XI, p . 199); Qum, Riibini (Tlshnii'T, 1, p.448)

MS: Adabiyyit 25125 Fayyicj ( c a t . , p.214) ' A L ~B . MUJJAMMAD A L - M A Q ~ BAL-BAI~RAN? ~ : Risiila f i 'I-jahr wo ' I - i k h E t

MS: Radawi 5216 (Binish, p.796) MUJJAMMAD B. AfJMAD

Risiila

AL-BABRANT (late 12th c e n t u r v ) :

RisZlo f7 wujijb 01-jahr b i 'I-tasbTbiit f i 'I-akh7rotayn = RisZila l i 'I-tasbThCt aolarba'a

BN TAWQ

Risiila

AL-BAVRAN~:

01-toslTm ' a l a 'I-nab7 f i 'I-toshohhud 01-akhTr

AL-BA~RANT:

Rawb 01-nasim

MS: Mailis 2312 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p . 45) IBN TAWQ

fi istibbiib

MS: Mar'ashi 338216 ( c a t . , IX, p.161)

tT abkiirn

a/-tnslh

MS: Mar'ashi 235811 ( c a t . , VI, 12.333) 10. ON FRIDAY PRAYER

f7 w u j i b 01-ikhEt f7 ghayr 01-owwalatayn

MS: Mar'ashi 2358116 ( c a t . , VI, p.339) Risiilo

AL-ASHTIYANT:

:

f7

Qum, 1395 (in the collection of Ashnii'7 bii chand nuskha-yi

MSS: Radawi 2423 ( c a t . , 11, p.65); Mar'ashi 11013, 140916 ( c a t . , I , p . 132, IV, p . 187); Zanjini 2312 ( c a t . , p . 198); Dinishgih 441211 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3374); Gawharshid 172113 ( c a t . , p.346); KhZlisi ( c a t . , p . 102) MS: Waziri Translation: Persian, b y MuPammad s i d i q al-Sirkin:, (cat. of microfilms of D i n i s h g i h , I , p . 703)

8. ON PROSTRATION

Risiila

galiit a/-jum'a

khatt7, pp ,273-83)

Risiila f i ' / - j a m e bayn qagdoy 01-Qur'Zn wa ' / - d u e ; ' Edition: Tehran, 1314 (together with his Risiila fT qii'idat nafy a1 wa '1-barail

AL-KARAKY

fT

Edition:

jawiiz aolsujiid 'a10 ' I - t u r b o al-Husayniyya a/-mashwiyya

MSS: Mar'ashi 128012 ( c a t . , IV, p . 8 0 ) ; Dinishgih 288811 ( c a t . , x , p . 1732) ; D5r al-Kutub 20325 ( c a t . , I , 0.388) ; Qidiriyya 523 (cat ., 11, p . 323) ; ShirZz, Dinishgih

-

Maqiila f i ' / - b a t h '015 $aliit a/-jumca

Selected MSS: DinishgZh 2099114, 701915 ( c a t . , VIII, p.728, XVI, p.431); Majlis 2761117 ( c a t . , IX, p.164); Sipahsilir 746114 (cat., V,

146

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'T LAW

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

p.289); Baku MI40143 ( N o s h . , IX, p.242) Translation: P e r s i a n , b y Mubarnmad S i d i q a l - s i r k i b i , MS: ( c a t . of microfilms of D i n i s h g i h , I , p ,703) -

-

NoNYMOUS (written in 1054): Waziri

RisZlo f7 wujiib joliit 01-jurn'o,included in h i s Majrnii'ot 01-ifZdZt ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5) Translation: P e r s i a n , b y Abu '1-Qisim SaQZb, edited T e h r a n , 1366

, ~ j ~ Z / ;f7 l o wujiib joliit 01-jum'o MS: I l i h i y y i t 20613d ( c a t . , I , p.259) NONYMOUS (written in o r before 1058): Rjsiila f7 wujiib wabdot $CJliit 01-jum'o MS: M a r c a s h i 138313+4 ( c a t . , IV, pp.157-8)

Moqaa f7 wujiih 01-bobth 'on jalzt 01-jum'a MS: D i n i s h g i h 441215 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3375)

ABD

UUSAYN B . 'ABD AL-SAMAD: Risiilo f7 wujiib $oliit ol-jurn'o MSS: Majlis 1836111 ( c a t . , IX, p . 4 8 9 ) ; p . 103)

ALLAH B . MUUAMMAD AL-TONT ( d . 1071):

R ; ~ fTz nofy ~ ~ al-wujiib ol-'oynT 'on joliit 01-jurn'o Uakim 451m;

MSS: Majlis 12812 K h u ' i , 326314, 438612 ( c a t . , VII, pp.177-8, X, pp.874-5, XII, p . 9 3 ) ; D i n i s h g i h 287511 ( c a t . , X, ~ . 1 7 1 9 ) ; ~ i l l i 185811 ~ r a b i c( c a t . , X , p.439); Mar'ashi 2526 ( c a t . , VII, pp.112-13); ~ ~ ~ t ~ r,(AB, i y yXV, a p p . 74-5) ; Los Angeles M120411 ( c a t . , p . 715) Commentary: marginal glosses b y A4mad b . Mu4ammad al-Tiin7 ( d . after 1071), MS: Milli 185811 in margin ( c a t . , X, pp.439-40)

KhZligi ( c a t . ,

~ L - K A R A K ~(late 10th c e n t u r y ) : HASAN B . 'ALT B . 'ABD A L - ' ~ L A Al-Bulgho f7 i'tibiir idhn a/-ImFm f7 mashrii'iyyot jolFt ol-;urnsa MS: KhZligi ( c a t . , p . 103)

'ABD

ALLAH AL-TU'STAR? ( d . 1075): ~ i ~ i i f~ l o burmot g o i ~ oi-jurn'o t f7 zomon 01-ghoybo, Persian

-

MS: Majlis 494315 ( c a t . , XIV, p . 198); Uuqfiq 811d ( c a t . , p.222)

MS: D i n i s h g i h 97211 ( c a t . , V, pp.2089-90) -

BASAN 'ALT B . 'ABD

AL-'ALT AL-JAPALAQI: Risiilo f7 goliit 01-jurn'o

MUBAMMAD B .

Risiilo d o r norniiz-i jurn'o, Persian MS: D i n i s h g i h 97212 ( c a t . , V, pp.2090-1)

QASIM

( d . a f t e r 1068):

RisZio d o r nomiiz-i jum'o, Persian MS: RaQawi 6198 ( c a t . , p.804)

AL-MUJTAHID : Al-Bulgho fT 'odom 'oyniyyot jaliit 01-jurn'a MS: G u l p i y i g i n i 14619 ( c a t . , I , p . 1 3 6 ) ; KhZligi ( c a t . , p p . 101-2)

NOR ALLAH

A/-uujja f7 wujiib joliit a/-jum'o Edition: Yazd, n . d . ( t o g e t h e r with Ffusayn b.'Abd al-$amad's 01-'lqd

AL-TUSTAR?:

7galZt ol-jurn'o Al-Lum'o 1 MSS: Bakim 37515 ( N o s h . , V, p . 4 2 7 ) ; 'ABD

MUWAMMAD M U Q ~ MB . MUBAMMAD ' A L ~A L - Y A Z D ~ ( d . 1084):

ALLAH

MS: Waziri 32015 ( c a t . , I , p.304) Khiligi ( c a t . , p.103)

B.

YOSUF

(early 11th c e n t u r y ) :

RisZlo f7 joliit al-jurn'a MS: T e h r a n , Mubaddith Urmawi (AB, XV, p . 77)

BAHA' AL-DTN

RisZilo f7 burmot golzt 01-jurn'o MS: Los Angeles M1224 ( c a t . , p . 62)

A L - T U S T A R ~:

Risiila d o r norniiz-i jurn'a, Persian MS: (a p a r t of i t ) Raaawi 705514 ( c a t . , V , p.488)

'IMAD AL-DTN

KHALTL B . GHAZI A L - Q A Z W ~ N ?( d . 1088):

MS:

RaQawi 6466 ( c a t . , V , p.436)

AL-SABZAWAR~: - RisFlo f7 joiiit a/-jurn'o

AL'AMILT:

Risiilo f7 galZt a/-jurn'o MS: D i r al-Kutub 20324b ( c a t . , I , p.391)

MSS: Waziri 198015 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1116); ~ a r ' a s h i 303212 ( c a t . , v I I I , pp.222-3); RaQawi 7150 ( c a t . , V , p . 4 3 5 ) ; Los Angeles MI19 ( c a t . ,

AL-DAMAD: Risiilo f7 joliit 01-jurn'a Editions: T e h r a n , 1397 (in t h e e d i t o r ' s introduction t o h i s a/-QobasZt) 1401 (in t h e collection of IthnZ'ashor risiilo li 'I-DFrnFd)

M U R T A QB ~ . MUBAMMAD AL-J$USAYN~AL-SARAWT Jorn'o rnin mosZ'il 01-jurn'o MS: Mar'ashi 303211 ( c a t . , VIII, p.221)

BAHA' AL-DIN MU~AMMAD B . M A I ~ M ~B ~. D BUSAM AL-MASHRIQT AL-NAJAFT ( d . a f t e r 1086): RisFIo f7 joliit 01-jurn'o

( d . a f t e r 1049):

-

Risiila d o r nomfi-i jum'o, Persian MSS: DZnishgih 441218 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3375);

'ALT RIQA B . KAMAL AL-DiN UUSAYN AL-TAJALL~( d . 1085): Risiilo d a r nomiiz-i jum'o, Persian

Tarbiyyat 3412 ( c a t . ,

A L - A R D A K A N ~AL-SHTRAZY,

148

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW MSS:

Dinishgih 465912 ( c a t . , XIV, p.3603);

~ i s i i l o,f7 galrSt 01-jum'o

Majli~5353 ( c a t . , XVI

MSS: Radawi 6465 ( c a t . , V, p.437); DZnishgZh 88819, 287512, 690511 904-7, X , p.1719, XVI, p.392); Waziri 126712 ( c a t . , 111, biyat 3412 ( c a t . , p.45); GawharshZd 86712 ( c a t . , p.346); 14618 ( c a t . , I , p.136); KhZlisi ( c a t . , p.68); DZr al~ u t u b20324 ( c a t . , I , p.391); Mashhad, Shinachi ( N o s h . , V, p.599)

p.263) AL-FAYQ : -

AbwZib 01-jiniin, Persian

MSS:

Sipahsilir 2013 ( c a t . , I , p.351); GulpiyigZni 138313 ( c a t . , 11 Radawi 2422 ( c a t . , 11, p.65); Majlis 534118 ( c a t . , XVI,

flZishiyo '015 rIsTilat 01-TGnT of 'Abd AllZh alkTiini

p.252); p.253) -

Editions: Najaf, 1368 ; Beirut, 1403 MSS: Raoawi 6499 ( c a t . , V, p.464); Majlis 120111 K h u ' i ( c a t . , VII, p.173); Adabiyyit 53 KirmZn ( c a t . , p.96); Los Angeles MI20413 (Cat., p.715); UstZdi, 2 MSS ( c a t . , p.64)

-

fi

RisZila

Risiilo ,+7golZit o l - j u m ' o , different from above

V, pp.2091-2, XVI, p.381);

MS: AdabiyyZt 27514 Kirmin ( c a t . , p.43)

MTN AL-TONT (early 12th century):

01-jurn'o

Riszlo -

Jc'

TAHIR

01-boqq

AMAL AL-DIN AL-KHWLNSART: R i s 3 o dor nomZiz-i jurn'o, Persian

Selected MSS: Majlis 480511, 5431, 422 TabZtabZ'i, 1025 TabitabZ'i ( c a t . , XIII, pp.202-3, XVI, p. 333); DZnishgih 209912, 3394, 441213,

al-Tustari MSS: Radawi 2422 (Cat., 11, pp.71-2); DiinishgZh 87417, 79013 ( c a t . , V, pp.2092-4); Majlis 5470 ( c a t . , XVI, p.371)

4435, 465913, 690512 ( c a t . , VIII, p.726, XIII, pp.3375, 3394, XIV, p. 3606, XVI, p.393); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit ( c a t . , I , p.125); NawwZb 13011 law ( c a t . , p.467); IlihiyyZt 20612d ( c a t . , I , p.259); Ustidi ( c a t . , p. 18); g5Qib al-Dhari'a (AB, XV, p.79)

K H A L ~ LAL-QAzw~NY(late 11th century):

A l ' U r w o 01-wuthqz li-wad' 01-boyro 01-'uCmZi ' o n ol-go[iit o l - w u s f ~ f i ' I - g h a y b o 01-kubrz

MS: Waziri 223811 ( c a t . , IV, p.1214)

AL-SAMAH~JT : Al-QZimi'o l i ' I - b i d ' o

AL-MAJLIS~ 11: Risiila

fi

MSS:

MUUAMMAD ISMA'TL B. MUJJAMMAD BAQIR AL-JJUSAYNf AL-KHWATONABAD~( d . 1116):

t 7 golZit

Risiilo ,f7 golzt 01-jum'a

MSS: Majlis 276115 ( c a t . , IX, pp. 156-8)

Majlis 305211 ( c a t . , X, pp.496-8)

Risiila d o r nornCz-i jum'o, Persian

Los Angeles M395 ( c a t . , p.63)

AL-SARAB: -

AL-FAOIL AL-HINDT :

01-jurn ' a

ANONYMOUS (written in 1055-1110): MS:

t a r k goliit ol-jurn'o

HidZiyot al-$irZr fi burrnot 01-jam' b o y n a / - ~ u h rwo ' I - j u m ' o MS: Racjawi 6982 ( c a t . , V, p. 530)

p.370)

MS:

fT

Majlis 165 Khu'i ( c a t . , VI1, pp.207-9); Tustariyya 63318

g o l a ol-jurn'o

MSS: Majlis 534111 ( c a t . , XVI, p ,253); Dir al-Kutub 19179b ( c a t . , I ,

Risiila

in refutation of al-Sarib's third treatise on this

813 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.441); DinishgZh 287513 ( c a t . , ajlis 12814 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, pp.180-1)

, Persian, in refutation of Khalil al-Qazwini

Risiilo dor namzz-i jurn'o, Persian, in refutation of wasan 'A17

SALMAN B.

r golCt 01-jum'o,

AL-QUMMI:

MSS: Dinishgsh 97412 ( c a t . , V , pp.1184-5); Majlis 547013 ( c a t . , XVI, p.372) -

( d . after

r

DinishgZh 79012 ( c a t . , V, p.2092)

MUUAMMAD

AL-TUYSIRKANT

~ i s i i l o golot 01-jurn'o, in refutation of all three treatises by al-SarZb on this subject MS: DZnishgZh 3552 (Cat., XII, p.2572)

w u j i i b galiit 01-jum'o

t7 golFt

Riszlo

MS:

w u j i i b galiit 01-jum'o, in refutation

IM B . MUWAMMAD JJUSAYN

ALLAH AL-KISHMTRT (d. after 1097):

MSS: DZnishgZh 79011, 684612 ( c a t . , Majlis 9474 (pp.66-78) -

tT nofy

Milli 185812 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p.440); Majlis 12813 ~ h u ' i( c a t . , MSS: V I I , pp. 119-80); Los Angeles MI20412 ( c a t . , p.715)

Al-ShihZib 01-thZiqib

MUJJAMMADT A Q B. ~ 'ABD

149

RisZilo dar norniil-i jum'o, Persian, in refutation of ' ~ l ~ i i d - 5a l - ~ a j a l l i

MS: Dinishgih 465911 ( c a t . , XIV, p.3603)

MUWAMMAD -

TAQT

B . MUJJAMMAD ~ A D I QA L - M ~ S A WAL-QA'INT ~ ( d . after

RisZiIa fT golFt ol-jum'o MS: Radawi 654411 ( c a t . , V, p.437) goliit a / - j u m ' o , in refutation of Muhammad Rafi' al-Gilini's critique of the previous treatise (see below) MS: Radawi 654415 ( c a t . , V, p.438) Risiilo

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

150 -

-

fT $alct 01-jum'a, in refutation of the second treatise by al-Gilini (see below ) MS: Raaawi 654417 ( c a t . , V, p.438) Moqlila

Mas 'a10 ,t7 $aliit a / - j u m ' o , Persian

RaGswi 654414 ( c a t . , V, p.438)

MS:

MUJJAMMAD RAFT' -

B. FARAJ AL-GTLANY (mid-12th c e n t u r y ) :

Risiilo f7 $01~301-jum'o, in refutation of Muhammad Taqi a l - Q i ' i n i ' s

f i r s t treatise MSS: Rar,lawi 654412 (Cat., V, p.438); Majlis 12815 K h u ' i , 534112 ( c a t . , VII, pp.281-2, XVI, p.253); Mar'ashi 303215 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 223) -

fT $alZt 01-jum'o, in refutation of al-Qi'ini's critique of previous treatise M S : Rnaowi 654416 ( c a t . , V, p.438)

IBRAHTM AL-NAYSABORT (mid-12th c e n t u r y ) :

RisZlo f7 goliit a / - j u m ' o , in refutation of al-Gilini's first treatise

MS:

Ragawi 654413 ( c a t . , V, p.438)

ANONYMOUS:

Soliit ol-jum'o wo abkZmuhZ

MS:

-

MS:

f7

q i r Z ' o t FZtibot oi-Kitiib

fi k h u l b o t

galiit 01-jum'o

Raaawi 274312 ( c a t . , V, p.439)

UJJAMMAD JA'FAR B. ' A L ~ AQGHAR A L - A R D A S T ~ N(12th ~ century): Risiilo d o r b u r m a t - ; namiil-i j u m ' a , Persian

MS:

Gulpiyigini 7 1 1 ( c a t . , 11, p.85)

Risiilo

fT

galiit 01-jum'a

MSS: Ilzhiyyit 38517d ( c a t . , I , p.291); Majlis 572 ~ a b i t a b z ' i ; Gulpiyigini 1870120 ( c a t . , 111, p . 9 2 ) ; Faydiyya 156514 ( c a t . , 111,

ARL ~- B A ~ R L(Nd .~ a f t e r 1206): ALi B . M U ~ A M M A DA L - ' u ~ F ~ ~ Koshf 01-royba an b u k m galiit 01-jum'o

fT

fi ozminot

a/-ghoybo

MS: ~ a r ' a s h i2753 ( c a t . ,VII, p . 307) UUAMMAD B. MUIJAMMAD BALIIJ AL-RQIAFZA'T A L - D A M ~ W A N D ~ ( d . after 1216):

f7

g a l ~ i ta / - j u m ' o

MSS: Mar'ashi 2286 ( c a t . , VI, p p . 271-2); Khan (AB, XV, p.80)

~ a r b a l i ' ,Madrasat JJasan

zamon al-ghoybo

MS: Mar'ashi 303214 ( c a t . , VIII, p.222)

UJJSIN A L - A ' R A J ~ : Risiilo j7 golZt 01-jum'o MS: Khilisi ( c a t . , p.135)

IJuqTiq 55d ( c a t . , p.398)

u u r m o t gaiiit 01-jum'a

ABD AL-NAB? B. MUJJAMMAD 'ALi A L - Q A Z W ~ N(mid-12th ~ century):

FZ'ido f7 b u r m a t golZt 01-jum'a

MS:

fT

roman 01-ghoybo

Sipahsilir 653017 ( c a t . , V, p p . 289-90)

-

Persian MS: Dinishgih 653015 ( c a t . , XVI, p.286)

-

Risiilo

RisZlo dor burmot-i namiiz-i jum'o,

MS: -

Mos'olo

Risiilo

Several anonymous treatises on the subject belonging to 11th o r early 12th centuries:

-

NoNYMOUS (written in 1191) :

Mos'ola

BADR A L - ~ Nf B .

-

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

01-jum'a

Khiligi ( c a t . , p.102)

Risiilo

MS:

f7 galiit

fT

nofy al-wujiib o l ' o y n T ' o n 2alZt 01-jum'a

Khilisi ( c a t . , p p . 102-3)

BADR AL-DIN MUJJAMMAD AL-TABATABA'~ AL-YAZDI ( d . 1154): RisZilo

MS:

fT

galZt 01-jum'o

Waziri 32019 ( c a t . , I , p.305)

AL-KHWAJO 'i : f7 $olZt 01-jum'a, a refutation of al-Fays's 01-Shihiib 01-thZqib MSS: Majlis 375212 ( c a t . , X , p p . 1736-7); Dinishgih 710312 ( c a t . , XVI, p.455); ~ a r ' a s h i303213 ( c a t . , VIII, p.222); RawGZti ( A B , XXIV, p.269); Tabriz, Thiqat al-IslZm ( N o s h . , IV, p . 327) Risiilo

Risiilo

f7

go12 01-jum'o

MS: Tehran, Mubit T a b i t a b i ' i (AB, XV, p.75) JJMADB . MUJJAMMAD 'ALT

AL-KIRMANSHXHT

( d . 1235):

Kashf 01-royn wa 'I-mayn ' a n b u k m $aliit a / - j u m ' o wa 'Ik'Tdoyn

MS:

Bankipore 1032 ( c a t . Arabic, I , p . 101)

ASAN B. MUJJAMMAD ' A L ~AL-MUDARRIS A L - Y A Z D ~( d . after 1256): Lum'o min biil $oliit 01-jum'o

fT

zomon oi-ghoyba

MS: Waziri 2083 ( c a t . , IV, p . 1154) UJJAMMAD B.

DILDAR

' A L ~AL-NAQAWT AL-NA$'IR&B~DT (d. 1284):

Risiilo j7 $oliit aoijum'o

MS: ~ a r ' a s h i316012 ( c a t . , VIII, p.391) UVAMMAD B. 'ASHOR A L - K I R M ~ N S H A H ~ : Soliit 01-jum'o = TabqTq a / - b a q q ?

MS: Mar'ashi 2575lfol. 30a-b ( c a t . , VII, p.165) ANONYMOUS WolJzo

MS:

f7

galzt ooljum'o

Raoawi 274311 ( c a t . , V, pp.438-9)

AbkZm ~ a l i i 01-jum'o t = JalZ' 01-shubohiit?

MS: Mar'ashi 2575lfols. 164-185 ( c a t . , VII, p.165)

A N I N T R O D U C T I O N TO

152

~ RMUUAMMAD MUJJAMMADN A ~ B. century) :

MA'SUM

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

s ~ i ' LAW i AL-BARFUROSHT (late 13th

Mir '?it 01-mugalliii MS: Mar'ashi 1585 ( c a t . , IV, p.390)

MS: Majlis 58018 Akhawi (WahTd, V, p.299)

Risiila fi 'I-sahw alladhT lam yudhkar fi 'I-kutub 01-mashhura MS: British Library O r . 353012 (Rieu, p . 213)

MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~AL-SH~RAZT: Risiila f7 galiit a/-jum'a, his lectures compiled by Muhammad Kivim al-Shiriizi Edition: Tehran, 1323 (together with the author's VCshiyat a/-Makiislb

AL-BURDJIRDT: A/-Badr a/-zEhir f7 galat 01-jum'a wa 'I-musiifir, his lectures compiled by uusayn 'Ali al-Muntaviri Edition: Qum, 1378

QawEbit 01-khams Edition: Tehran, 1300 (in the margin of Ibn Fahd's Ghiiyat a/-TjZz) MSS: Milli 192212 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p ,591) ; India Office 1835 (cat. , 11, p.321); Dinishgih 79213 ( c a t . , V, p.1944) UUAMMAD TT\HIR AL-QUMMT : Riszla d a r shakkiyyiic, Persian MS: Qum, 'Riihini (Ashnii'T , I , p.448)

11. ON ERRORS IN PRAYER ANONYMOUS (presumably by either al-'Allama o r FaKhr al-Muhaqqiqin):

A 1-Khalal fi 'I- galiit MS:

Majlis 4953113 ( c a t . , X I V , P.231)

A L - S H P HD~ AL-AWWAL: Kholal a/-$01~2 Edition: Tehran, 1322 (together with his 01-Bay%) IBN FAIID: - Bughyat 01-riighibTn - RisTila fT kathTr 01-shakk MS: Jawidayn (AB, 111, p . 132) -

Al-Khalol fi 'I-galzt = a/-Sahwiyya MS: al-ImZm al-Mahdi (Mahffi~11, p . 212)

M U F L I ~AL-SAYMART: Risiila j7 sahw 01-golzt 01-yawmiyya MS: Majlis 6405 ( c a t . , XVI, p.309) A L - K A R A K ~: Khalal a/-$alEt Edition: Tehran, 1322 (together with al-Shahid al-Awwal's a/-BayEn) Selected MSS: Radawi 2358, 2448, 6980 ( c a t . , 11, P p . 53, 73, V, p.418); Gawharshid 165513 ( c a t . , p.296); Uuqiiq 5613d ( c a t . , p.336 Majlis 634218; Ilihiyyit 10614d ( c a t . , I , p . 235); SipahsZlZr 291314, 818014 ( c a t . , IV, pp.64, 395); Milli 119013 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p . 176); Mar'ashi 100315, 146613, 226113 ( c a t . , 111, p.199, IV, p.258, VI, p . 2 4 6 ) ; Masjid-i A'zam 44515; Tustariyya (AB, XII, p . 267, XIV, p . 212) ; Princeton 97613 New Series AL-QAT~F~:

f7 sahw 01-$alFt a/-yawrniyyo ~ l - ~ i & ia/-Najafiyyo a MSS: Majlis 939812, 5405 ( c a t . , XVI, p.309); Radawi 1449, 2448 (cat 11, p.103); Khiligi ( c a t . , p . 100); Rawdiiti (AB, XI, pp.227-8)

AL-SHAHTD

AL- THAN^ :

Al-Khalal fi 'I-$alzt

Risiila d a r shakkiyyzt , Persian MS: Raaawi 6651 ( c a t . , V, p.433); Fayoiyya 166513 ( c a t . , 111, p . 113); IgfahZn, Adabiyyat ( N a s h . , V, p.304)

Abkiim-i shakk wa sohw d a r namzz, Persian Selected MSS: Faydiyya 174714 ( c a t . , 111, p.128); Mar'ashi 18712, 160212, 168311, 303415 ( c a t . , I , p.206, V, p p . 5, 78, VIII, p.225); Milli 185413f ( c a t . , IV, p.313); Radawi 6044, 6702 (Binish, p.804) JJAYDAR ' A L ~A L - S H T R W ~ N ~ : A/-Khalal fi 'I-$alft MSS: Danishgih 429212 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3262); ( c a t . , 11, p.323) MUJJAMMADASHRAF B. 'ABD

AL-BASTB

India Office 1840

A L - ~ U S A Y N (~d . 1145):

RisEla dor kholil-i ~ a l i i t ,Persian MS: Dinishgih 589416 ( c a t . , XVI, p.137) BASAN B.

IBRLHTMA L - N A J M ~ B ~ (~dD. ~around

1284):

Al-Khalal fi 'I-qal5t MS: Tustariyya (AB, VII, p.249)

J J U S A Y N Q U L ~B .

RAMAPAN AL-HAMADANT ( d . 1311):

Khalal a/-golzt MS: Tustariyya (AB, IV, p.372, VII, p.249)

AL-ASHTIYLNT: Al-Khalal fi ' I - ~ o l t t , a s a commentary on the relevant discussion in al-Muhaqqiq's Sharf'i' 01-lsliim MSS: Radawi 7741 (Binish, p.871); S h i r i z i (AB, VII, p.249)

AL-FISHARAKT

- Muhammad b . QZsim al-Tabitabii'i

( d . 1316-18)

RisFlo f7 qz'idat lE tu 'Ed Edition: Qum, 1393 (in Mu4ammad HZdi Ma'rifa's MadTth lE t u ' i d )

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OFDEVOTION

AN INTRODUCTION TO ~ H f ' iLAW

154

MUIJAMMAD UUSAYN

$IF AL-QARTR

AL-KHWZNSAR~:

- 'Abd al-Wihld b . Mul?ammad Uasan (13th c e n t u r y ) :

Riscilo f7 toqdTm a/-fowci'it 'olo 'I-bawcip'ir MS: Mar'ashi 227812 ( c a t . , VI, p . 2 6 4 )

RisZlo fi 'I-shakk boyn 01-rok'atayn al-iiloyayn MS: Mar'ashi3041110 ( c a t . , VIII, p.245)

AL-YAZDT

155

IJMAD B. MU$TAFA AL-KHU'AYNT,

:

Risiilo j'7 bukm a/-gann fi 'I-golcit wo baycin koyfiyyat $olot 01-ibtiyzr Edition: T e h r a n , 1378 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s HZjshiyot 01-Makcisib)

MULLA AQA

( d . 1307):

MujF 01-shar7'o f7 mas 'alat 01-top'yTq wo 'I-towsa'a MS: Mar'ashi 3676 ( c a t . , X, p . 69) 3. ON TRAVELLER'S PRAYER

MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~AL-SHTRAZT: Abkiim 01-Kholol fi 'I-$alZit, h i s l e c t u r e s compiled b y MuQammad k i v i al-Shirazi Edition: T e h r a n , 1323 ( t o g e t h e r with t h e a u t h o r ' s HZshiyot a/-MokZs

Fowa'id f7 golZt a/-rnusFfir MSS: D i n i s h g i h 2144lpp. 81-6 ( c a t . , IX, p.806) ; Princeton 193513

AL-KHUMAYNT:

AL-SHAHID AL- THAN^ :

K . a/-Khaiol fi 'I-golcit Edition: Qum, 1399 12.

NotZ'ij 01-ofkZr j'7 bukm 01-muqk fi 'I-asfZr, included in h i s Mojrnii'ot 01-ifZdZt (see a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5)

ON PRAYER OF OMISSION

MUNTAJAB

AL-DTN

' A L ~B . 'UBAYD

ALLAH A L - R Z Z ~( d .

a f t e r 585):

Al-'U$ro fi 'I-rnuwiiso'o f7 qop'ci' 01-$alawcit MS: ~ a r ' a s h i(AB, X V , p.271) 'ABD ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~ : Risi;lo j'7 jowcir a/-fZ'ito ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

f7 woqt

BAWL'A L - D ~ N A L - ' A M I L ~ : Risiilo fi 'I-tokhy7r boyn 01-qogr wa 'I-itrncm fi 'I-omcikin 01-arbo'o MSS: D i n i s h g i h 918114 ( c a t . , V , p . 1968); Majlis 1805154, 4900150 ( c a t . , IX, pp.356-7, XIV, p . 7 5 ) VAYDAR

01-bcp'iro, included i n h i s 01-Rosii'il

'ALT AL-SHTRWANT:

u o d d ol-moscifa oolrniijiba li 'I-qagr wo 'I-iftiir MSS: D i n i s h g i h 429213 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3262);

India Office 1841 ( c a t . ,

ANONYMOUS (belonging to early 13th c e n t u r y ) : Riscilo f1'1-rnuwciso'o wo 'I-rnup'ciyoqo MS: Princeton 64511 New Series $AUIB

AL-MAQABIS:

$ADR

AL-DTN

MUIJAMMAD B . MUUAMMAD B . 'ALf a l - R A P A W ~

AL-KASFIANT (mid-12th c e n t u r y ) : Muntohci a/-rnarzm ffi 'I-qagr wo 'I-itmcm MSS: RaQawi 5725 ( c a t . , V, p.519); K i s h i n , RaQawi 60 ( c a t . ,

Monhoj 01-tobqrq fi 'I-towso'a wa 'I-top'yrq MSS: Majlis 400 T a b a t a b i ' i ; RaQawi 1996 ( c a t . , V , p . 368) NA$R

ALLAH

B . JJASAN A L - [ ~ U S A Y N ~A L - A S T A R A B X D ~ ( d . a f t e r 1255)

RisZila f i 'I-rnuwiisa'o wo 'I-rnup'ciyoqo MSS: S i p a h s i l i r 2527, 2554 ( c a t . , I , p . 437)

AL-ANSARI -

-

$ADR AL-DiN MUUAMMAD

AL-TABATABA'~

AL-YAZDf :

'Uddat ol-musZfirTn MS: Waziri 320110 ( c a t . , I , p.305) SHUBBAR B . MUJJAMMAD AL-MUSAWT

AL-NAJAFT:

RisZilo fi 'I-qogr wo 'I-itmZrn MS: DZnishgih 3978 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2973)

RisZlo f i 'I-rnuwZso'o wo 'I-rnup'Zyoqa Editions: T a b r i z , 1303 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s K . 01-Tohiiro), 1375 (togethe with h i s K . a/-Mokcisib) MS: DanishgZh 695612 ( c a t . , XVI, p.411) Commentary' b y 'Abd Allih al-Mimaqini, edited Najaf, 1345 ( i n h i s 01-QalZ'id a/-thomTna)

A B U 'L-QASIM JA'FAR B . U U S A Y N A L - M ~ S A WA~L - K H W Z N S A R ~ ( d . 1158):

RisZlo fi 'I-qaQ'ci' 'on al-moyyit Editions: T a b r i z , 1303 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s K . ai-Tahciro), 1375 together with h i s K . a/-Makcsib) MS: D i n i s h g i h 695615 ( c a t . , XVI, p.411)

MUUAMMAD B. AIJMAD AL-BAURANi ( d . 1186):

Riscilo d a r abkZm-i rnusZfir, Persian MS: Danishgih 260314 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1458)

Mir'Zt oolakhycir f7 obkZm 01-asfir MS: DZnishgih 725 ( c a t . , V , pp.2008-9)

156

AN INTRODUCTION TO

S H T ' ~ LAW

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OFDEVOTION

BAYR A L ' U L U M :

p . 131); Mashhad, 1lihiyyZ.t 50311 ( c a t . , I , p . 267); Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XXIV, p.386)

Mablogh 01-nolor f7 b u k m qcisid 01-arbo'a min mosci'il 01-sofor Edition: Cairo, 1 3 2 4 5 (in Jawid a l ' i i m i l i ' s Miftcib oolkorCmino, 111,

p p . 501-43)

RisZlo d o r 2okcit , Persian

AL-AN$ART:

f7

Riscilo

MS:

157

MS:

Tustariyya (AB, XII, p.40)

$olCt a/-muscifir

Dinishgih 757 ( c a t . , V , p.1864)

A B TALIB ~ B. A B T ~ U R I ~ABL - Y U S A Y NAL-QA'INT ~

Mishkcit 01-hudcit

( d . 1293-5):

MS:

D5nishgZ.h 334113 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330)

s o l 3 01-muscifir

Edition: Mashhad, 1318

-

K . a / - Zokiit Edition: T a b r i z , 1303 (together with his K . 01-Tohcirol MSS: Faydiyya 1002, 1345 ( c a t . , I , p p . 70, 135); Malik 6089 ( c a t . , I ,

-

K . 01-Zokcit, his lectures compile'd by Yasan 'Ali al-Tihrini al-Mashhadi MS: Gawharshid 5834 ( c a t . , p.241)

-

K . 01-Zakiit MSS: Majlis 2838 ( c a t . , X , p.164);

kIUSAYN Q U L ~AL-HAMADANT: solcit 01-musiifir, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils

MS:

Tustariyya (AB, IV, p.372, X V , p.83)

A L - R A S H T ~: Soliit 01-musiifir, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils

MS: 'ABD

Gharb 9871 (Cat., p . 159)

ALLAH B . MUUAMMAD N A ~ AL-MAZANDARANT ~ R ( d . 1330):

-

salcit ol-musiifir

MS:

ZanjZni 114 ( c a t . , p.240)

Al-Bodr 01-zcihir

K . 01-ZakCt, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils

MS:

Gharb 4527 ( c a t . , p.77)

HAD^ AL-TIHRANT

A L - B U R ~ J I R D:~

iT

$alCt 01-jum'o wo 'I-musiifir (see above, monograph

:

K . 01-ZakCt MSS: Majlis 275512 ( c a t . , IX, p.143);

on Friday prayer) ALMS

Tustariyya 616 ( c a t . , p.800)

2.

Tustariyya 34411 ( c a t . ,

SPECIFIC

1. GENERAL Riscilo

MUYAMMAD TAHIR AL-QUMMi : Riscilo dor zokiit , Persian MSS: DZnishgZh 410816 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3088); 111, p.118)

AL-BURR

f7

istithnci' 01-rno'ijno min a/-zokcit

MS: Mar'ashi 198613 ( c a t . , V, p.358) Faydiyya 168914 ( c a t . ,

AL-KIRMANSHAH~: Risiilo f i 'I-mo'iina ol-mustothnFt min 01-rakiSi

MS: Yujjatiyya 261111 ( c a t . , p.103)

AL'AMILT:

U r j i z o f i 'I-zokct

MSS: Majlis 1113 Khu'i ( c a t . , VIl, p . 9 ) ; p.282)

Gulpiyig5ni 32717 ( c a t . , I ,

ABU 'L-QASIM JA'FAR B . IJUSAYN AL-KHWANSART: Zokcitiyya, Persian

MS:

f7

ikhrcij 01-zokiit

MS: Mar'ashi 349414 ( c a t . , IX, pp.291-2)

ZAMAN AL-KASHANT:

N i r a/-hudii

MSS: Majlis 196616 ( c a t . , IX, p.681);

AIJMAD B. ' A L ~MUKHTAR AL-GULPAYIGANT ( d . a f t e r 1264): Riscilo f i 'I-towkTI

Fayaiyya 1807 ( c a t . , 11, p.67)

MLIUAMMAD B. MUUAMMAD

iT i s t i t h n i i ' 01-mo'ina wo u j r o t 01-bo$$iid min a / - r o k i i t , included in both his JawCmimi'01-rasii'il and his 01-Rasci'il (see above, chapter 5)

Riscilo

Niirbakhsh, 10813 ( c a t . , I ,

'ABD

AL-HAD?

B.

ISMA'TL AL-VUSAYNI AL-SHTRAZY

Al-Qofro

IT rokcit

Edition:

Najaf, 1380

( d . 1382):

a a l f i t r o , his lectures compled by 'Ali al-Mubarnrnadi

AN INTRODUCTION TO S H ? ' ~LAW

158

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

KHUMS

MSS: Diinishgiih 112215 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1876-7);

1. GENERAL

Mar'ashi 252513 ( c a t . ,

AL-KIRMANSHAH~ :

JJUSAYN AL-KHWANSAR~: Risiila d a r k h u m s

159

Persian S i p a h s i l i r 244211 ( c a t . , I , p . 5 0 5 )

Magraf-i r a d d - i mo&i/im,

, Persian

MS:

MS: DZnishgih 1801 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 3 7 5 ) ANONYMOUS:

AL-KHwAJO'T:

RisZila

MSS: Faygiyya 118618 ( c a t . , 111, p . 6 5 ) ; F a y y i d ( c a t . , p . 211)

AL-AKHBARI

fT

i r t i r i i q a / - q i i g wa 'I-foqTh min sahm 01-imim

MS: Diinishgih 111912 ( c a t . , V, pp.1889-90)

Risiilo f i ' I - k h u m s

Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 2611 MUVAMMAD RAJJiM A L - B U R O J I R D ~ : I t h b i i t a / - s i y z d o li '1-muntasobTn ilZ H z s h i m umman MSS: Ragawi 5850-1 ( B i n i s h , p . 783)

:

TawfTr a / - k h u m s

MS: Diinishgiih 334114 ( c a t . , XI, p . 233)

MUJJAMMAD JJUSAYN A L - K H W A N S A R ~ : Risiila

AL-ANSART:

MS:

fT

t a ' a l l u q 01-khums bi-majmii'

a/-arbiib

M a r c a s h i 304111 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 2 4 1 )

K . 01-Khums

Edition: T a b r i z , 1303 ( t o g e t h e r with his K . a / - T a h i i r a ) MSS: F a y j i y y a 1002, 1345 ( c a t . , I , p p . 135, 170); Malik 6089 ( c a t . , I , p . 5 5 0 ) ; D i n i s h g i h 6956 ( c a t . , XVI, p.411)

'ABD

ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT

H i d i i y a t 01-an5m

Edition:

RABAT RisZila d o r k h u m s , Persian

f u k m amwiil a / - i m i i m

T a b r i z , 1321

JJUSAYN AL-RAQAWf

AL-GOPALPORT

( d . a f t e r 1372):

R i i f i ' 01-ibhcm ' a n w i l i i y a w a maziirif sahm 01-imiim

MS: Mar'ashi (AB, VII, p.255)

FAYYAP

fT

:

Edition:

Locknow, 1372

B . MUVAMMAD A L - Z A N J ~ N (~d . 1360): FASTING

D h a k h i i ' i r 01-imiima

Edition:

T e h r a n , 1359 1. GENERAL

Z u b d a t 01-maa;l, h i s l e c t u r e s compiled b y 'Abbiis Abli Turiibi al-Qazwini Edition: Qum, 1380

MUUAMMAD

HADT

B . JA'FAR AL-JJUSAYNT

AL-M'ILANT

( d . 1395) :

IBRAHTM

B . 'ALf AL-KAF'AMf

MS: Majlis 276412 ( c a t . , IX, p . 168)

AL-KARAKI :

K . a/-Khums

Risiila d o r gawm, Persian

Edition:

MS:

Mashhad, 1400

( d . 905):

Manhai 01-saliima

Diinishgih 359715 ( c a t . , XV, p.4240)

IJUSAYN ' A L ~A L - M U N T A Z I R ~ : K . 01-Khums

2.

Risiila f i 'I-gawm

Qum , i1402? I

Edition:

MSS: Milli 1919112 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 5 8 5 ) ;

Ragawi 2437 ( c a t . , 11,

SPECIFIC

AL-DAMAD

ANONYMOUS (written before 963): :

S a w m i y y a , Persian

I t h b i i t a / - s i y i i d o li-mon y a n t o s i b i l i i H i i s h i m umman

MS: Milli 2360f ( c a t . , V, p . 4 8 3 ) M A J J M ~BD. FATJJ Risiilo

ALLAH AL-IJUSAYNf AL-KAZIMT ( d . a f t e r 1079):

Tj w u j i j b a / - k h u m s bZ1 istit;? a / - l m i i m

MS:

BAHA'

Radawi 2491 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 7 ) AL-DTN AL-'&MILT:

Mas ' o l a f i 'I-gawm

MSS: Dinishgiih 918111 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1796-7); ( C a t . , IX, p p . 3 5 8 - 9 , XIV, p . 7 6 )

Majlis 1805157, 4900153

MONOGRAPHS ON A C T S O F DEVOTION 2.

ON TIME O F F A S T I N G

RisClo f i 'I-giyiirn

MSS:

Y u j j a t i y y a 70012 ( c a t . , p . 1 2 1 ) ; L o s A n g e l e s M9314 ( c a t . , p . 661 Al-Radd ' o l Z o$@Zbaik'adad

Edition:

Q u m , 1398 ( i n ' A l i b . M u r a m m a d a l k C A m i l i ' s01-Durr 01-

m o n t h i i r , 11, p p . 122-34)

K . a/-Sowm MS: Malik ( A B , XV, p . 9 9 )

S e l e c t e d MSS: M a r ' a s h i 24318, 255115, 7818 ( c a t . , I , p p . 9 2 , 268, 285); Majlis 8117 K h u ' i ( c a t . , V I I , p p . 184-5)

AL-AKWBART: T a k h J 7 ~ol-06kZm

MS:

f l masC'il

a/-siyfm

Al-Rodd '015 usbcTb ol- ' a d a d = Risi7io f7 n u g r a t a/-qawl b i ' I - r u ' y o

D i n i s h g i h 334115 ( c a t . , X I , p . 2 3 3 0 )

'ALT AL KASHIF

MSS: R a a a w i 144813 ( c a t . , 11, p . 3 8 ) ; D i n i s h g i h 108014 ( c a t . , 111, p . 6 1 2 ) ; S a h i b a l - D h a r i ' a ( A B , X , p . 185)

AL-GHITA':

RisZIa f i ' I - ~ o w m

MS:

MUUAMMAD$ALI!$

Buriijirdi (AB, XI, p.206)

MUYAMMAD TAQT

AL-NURT

u u k m a/-b
Al-Risc'lo a / - ~ a w r n i y y o ,P e r s i a n

D Z n i s h g i h 718111 ( c a t . , X V I , R u ' v a t a/-hi161 aabl 01-zawC1

ANONYMOUS ( w r i t t e n i n 1 2 5 8 ) :

MSG

~ i n i s h ~ 8817, i h 185912, 286511, 690513, 720411 ( c a t . , V , p . 1 9 2 1 , V I I I , p . 4 5 9 , X , p . 1 7 1 2 , X V I , p p . 3 9 3 , 4 8 6 ) ; M a r ' a s h i 47814, 1490112+ 17 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 3 , I V , p p . 1 8 9 , 1 9 2 ) ; A d a b i y y Z d 70113d ( c a t . , p p . 299-300)

K . 01-Sowm

MS:

AL-KHWATDNABAD~:

MSS: Majlis 305213 ( c a t . , X , p . 4 9 9 ) ; Milli 191912 A r a b i c ( c a t . , X , p . 5 7 8 ) ; T a b r i z , Q i a i ( N a s h . , V I I , p . 5 1 1 ); B u r u j i r d i ( A B , X I ,

:

MSS: B u r Z j i r d i ( A B , X I , p . 2 0 5 ) ; p.4771

B . 'ABD AL-WASI'

N a j a f , M a d r a s a t al-Sadr ( A B , XV, p . 99)

ANONYMOUS: Ris
Edition:

H a m a d i n , 1249

Ris6la fi to'yTn g h u r r a t Ramap'Zn kulluhZ

MS: K . 01-Sawm E d i t i o n : T a b r i z , 1303 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s K . 01-TahZro) MSS: F a y a i y y a 1002, 1345 ( c a t . , I , p p . 70, 1 3 5 ) : Malik 6089 ( c a t . p . 550)

MUUAMMAD

BAQIR AL-TABRTZT

Raoawi

i d h 6 ghummat s h u h i i r 01-sono

D i n i s h g i h 720318 ( c a t . , X V I , p . 4 8 6 )

MUYAMMAD J A ' F A R B . MUYAMMAD B A Q I R A L - S A B Z A W A R ~ : R u ' y a t alkhilZ1 qabl 01-zawC1

MSS: D Z n i s h g i h 1866 ( c a t . , V I I I , p . 7 4 2 ) ; p.82)

M a r ' n s h i 47811 ( c a t . , 11,

(late 13th c e n t u r y ) : MUUAMMAD R A J J ~ MB . MUUAMMAD J A ' F A R A L - S A B Z A W ~ R (mid-12th ~ century) :

Al-sawrniyya,

MS:

in m5

2756 ( B i n i s h , p . 8 1 9 )

u u k m r u ' y a t 01-hilol qabl a/-zawZl

YASAN B .

IBRAHTM A L - N A J M T \ B A D ~ :

MS:

G a w h a r s h i d 146711 ( c a t . , p . 4 3 4 )

K . a/-Sawm

MS:

T u s t a r i y y a CAB, X V , p . 9 9 ) RisCla f7 'adom a / - i C t i d Z db i ' I - r u ' y o

MUYAMMAD

HASHIM A L - K H W A N S A R ~ :

RisZla dar $owm, P e r s i a n E d i t i o n s : I s f a h i i n , 1310, 1317 ( i n h i s Majmu'a-yi shish r i s 6 l a )

MSS:

+9

qaul 01-raw51

R a d a w i 8219 ( c a t . , V , v . 4 4 2 ) ;

G u l p i v i g i n i 1870110 ( c a t . , 111,

ABU 'L-QASIM B . BASAN A L - M ~ S A W( ~1 3 t h c e n t u r y ) . Hukm r u ' y a t 01-hi151 qabl 01-zawC1

MS:

F a y d i y y a 1189117 ( c a t . , 111, p . 6 6 )

Rayb
MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION MS:

BD

S i p a h s i l i r 2536 ( c a t . , I , p.417)

' A L ~B . 'ABD ALLAH

ALLAH

AL-MAMAQANT :

Hukm 01-rnusiifara li-man 'aloyh qa&' Romarjcn ma' f l q 01-woqt Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in h i s 01-lthnli'ashariyyo)

AL-'ALYAR~:

Minhiij 01-najiit = S h o r b mobboth r u ' y a t 01-hiliil min 01-Rowdo al-bahiyya Edition: T a b r i z , 1309 3.

163

SECLIISION

ON OTHER TOPICS UTF

AL-SHAIITD AL-AWWAL: JawZz ibdZ' al-sofar f7 s h a h r Rarnadiin MSS: illajlis 4566111 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2 6 3 ) ; Zanjin ( c a t . , p . 137)

ALLAH

B . 'ABD A L - K A R ~ M AL-MAYST AL-'.~LMIL~:

A/-l'tikiifiyyo = Mii' a/-boyZt wa $liF 01-furzt MS: Raaawi 2244 ( c a t . ; 11, p . 1 1 ) ; B u r u j i r d i (see AX, XIX, pp.11-12) Radawi 7735 ( B i n i s h , p.809) UVAMMAD JA'FAR

AL-ASTARABADT

:

Al-Koflif fl rnosli'il a/-i'tiktif MS: Marcashi 170312 ( c a t . , V , p.97)

IBN FAHD: Mas'ala f j 'I-ibbZL wa 'I-tofkTr wo bukrn 01-sowm 1 d h 5 ~ r t o d d01-sZ',m MS: Majlis 2750.4 ( c a t . , IX, p.126)

'HAJJ 'ABD ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~:

Toyawwu' al-$awm li-man 'aiayh 01-far?@, ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

included in h i s alkRas6'il

1. GENERAL

FAKHR A L - M U I ~ A Q Q I Q ~ N :

[{USAYN B . JJAYDAR A L - J J U S A Y N ~ AL-KARAKi (mid-11th c e n t u r y ) :

Wiiiibiit 01-hajj MSS: D i n i s h g i h 102213 ( c a t . , V, p . 1871); Mar'ashi 330713 ( c a t . , IX,

Ishtiriit 'fibbat 01-sawm a/-wlijibbi 'I-yhusl min 01-jinzba MS: Majlis 4865 ( c a t . , XIII, pp.302-3) RAPT AL-DiN MUUAMMAD B . kIASAN AL-QAZWfNf ( d . 1096):

AL-SHAHTD AL-AWWAL: KhulZ$at a/-i'tibiir ffi 'I-baij wa 'I-i'timiir Edition: Sidon, 1348 (in al-Amin al-'xmili's Mo'iidin a/-jowiihir, I ,

Mos'alo flT$Cl 01-ghibiir 01-yholT~ilo 'I-balq fi 'I-$awm MS: ~ a r ' a s h i14091fols. 121b-126a ( c a t . , IV, p.193) 'ABD

ALLAH B . 'ALT AL-BAYMART

MSS: SinZ 41716 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 5 0 ) ; VII, p.214)

(11th c e n t u r y ) :

Mandiib 01-$iylirn MS: Majlis 276119 ( c a t . , IX, p.160) SHUBBAR B . MUBAMMAD A L - M ~ S A W AL-NAJAFf: ~ Al-lrtimiis fi 'I-$awm MS: D i n i s h g i h 720012 ( c a t . , XVI, p.485)

T e h r a n , Mubit T a b i t a b i ' i (AB,

IBN FAWD: -

KiGyat 01-mubtTii MS: Los Angeles MI31313 ( c a t . , p.724) Moniisik a/-baii MSS: Los Angeles MI31312 ( c a t . , p . 724); Radawi 2372 ( c a t . , 11, p.49)

AL-QUMMT: -

Risiiia ,f7 tabd7d waqt iftiir 01-mus6fir

-

RisZlo

F

Risiila fi 'I-baii wo 'I-'urnra MSS: Ilihiyyzt 14213d ( c a t . , I , p.246); Milll 195717f, 119012 Arabic ( c a t . , IV, p.430, IX, p.175); Majlis 433919 ( c a t . , XII, p . 4 1 ) ; D i n i s h g i h 717712 ( c a t . , XVI, p.475); Radawi 2641 ( c a t . , 11, pp.132-3)

bukm man ainab laylot al-$iyzm

Both included in h i s Jawlirni' 01-RasZ'il ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5 ) ANONYMOUS: R i s h f7 niuftiriyyot a/-dukhzn MS: G u l p i y i g s n i 76312 ( c a t . , 11, p . 208) MUUAMMAD T A Q A ~ L - N O R ~: Kashf al-owhiim F jaw6z s h u r b a/-ghalyzn fi 'I-~iyzrn, Persian MS: DinishgZh 718112 ( c a t . , XVI, p.477)

ANONYMOUS (written before 947): -

WFjibFt a/-hajj wo 'I-'umra MS: Marsashi 330714 ( c a t . , I X , p.88)

-

Manzsik a/-baii MS: Mar'ashi 330716 ( c a t . , IX, p.89)

AL-SHAHID AL-TIIANT:

164

MSS: Raaawi 2630, 6073 (Cat., 11, p.129, V , p . 5 1 4 ) ; D5nishgih 2099110 ( c a t . , V l I I , p . 7 2 7 ) ; Mar'ashi 279615 ( c a t . , VII, p . 3 6 3 ) ; I l i h i y y i t ZOGIld ( c a t . , I , p.259) -

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHi'f LAW

Moniisik o l - h a j j , a s h o r t e r treatise on t h i s subject

MSS: M a r c a s h i 330712 ( c a t . , IX, p . 8 7 ) ; S i n i 1229113 ( c a t . , 11, p . 174); D i n i s h g i h 706511 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 4 4 3 ) ; Majlis 34551183 ( c a t . , X , pp.1353-4); S h i r l d (AB, XXIV, p.441); India Office 181 ( c a t . , 11, p.314)

M S : Mar'ashi 187132 ( c a t . , I , p.217) ~ j ~ fl~ f oi r d~ 01-boii o wo ' I ' u m r o

MS: D i n i s h g i h 5396112 ( c a t . , XV, p . 4239)

XSIM B . M U ~ A M M A DRIQA

AL-HAZARJARTBY

(d. after

MonZisik-i h a / / , Persian

ANONYMOUS (written before 972): A / - f f o j i wo ' I - ' u m r o

MS:

S i n i 1229114 ( c a t . , 11, p.174)

MS: Mar'ashi 3053 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 2 7 2 )

A Y D A R ' A L ~AL-SH~RWANY: T u b f a t 01-sorz'ir

AL-ARDAB~L~:

MS: D i n i s h g i h 1289 ( c a t . , VII, 13.2627)

M a n k i k - i h a j j , Persian

MSS: Raaawi 2373 ( c a t . , 11, p . 4 9 ) ; G a w h a r s h i d 99813 ( c a t . , p . 107) DZnishgih 87816 ( c a t . , V I , pp.1870-1); klujjatiyya 59712 ( c a t . , P . 115); Mar'ashi 300814-5 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 185) ANONYMOUS (written bcforc 994):

A/-Zuhra

t 7 rnonZisik

ol-hoii w o ' l ' u m r o

M S : Majlis 276118 ( c a t . , IX, pp.159-60)

M U ~ A M M A DB . ' A L ~B . BAYDAR A L - M ~ S A WA~L - ~ A M I L: ~

Maniisik 01-hajj

I C h i i r mii ' i n 6 b i Mansok ol-FzQ'il 01-Hind7

MS:

MS: D i n i s h g i h 3049 ( c a t . , X, p . 1993)

Radawi 2656 ( B i n i s h , p.1036)

S A I ~ I BAL-MA'ZLIM:

BAJJRA L - ' U L ~ M :

fT

Moniisik 01-hajj

A l - ' I j i i l o 01-mijjazo

MS: Mar'ashi 169111 ( c a t . , V, p.85)

MS: Faydiyya 218 ( C a t . , I , p.182)

'ABD

ALLLHA L - T U S T A R ~ :

SAYIB

furiiq' 01-nZisik

AL-RIYAQ:

Af'ZiI 01-boji

Moniisik-i b o i j , Persian, t r a n s l a t e d from Arabic b y Mubarnmad 'Ali b .

MS:

Muhammad S h a r i f al-Dihdashti al-Bihbahini MS: Milli 2470f ( c a t . , V , p.645)

DZnishgih 918115 ( c a t . , V , pp.1779-81)

ANONYMOUS ( e a r l y 11th c e n t u r y ) : Manzsik 01-hajj

MS:

Raaawi 2657 ( B i n i s h , p . 1036)

SULTAN

AL-'ULAML':

A f ' i i l - i h a j j , Persian

MS: Majlis 374911 ( c a t . , X , pp.1734-5)

MS:

MonZsik-i b o j j , Persian

Mar'ashi 15 ( c a t . , I , p.27)

AL-SABZAWART

:

MonZisik-i h a j j , Persian

MS: Milli 2198f ( c a t . , V, p.283)

AL-MAJLIST -

A L - T A B R ~ Z T (early 13th c e n t u r y ) : Raaawi 2638 ( B i n i s h , p . 1036)

AL-AKHBART: Abkiim 01-haii

MS: D a n i s h g i h 334116 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330) AL-SI-IAFTi : ManZisik-i h a j j , Persian

11:

Maniisik-i b a i i , Persian

MSS: Mar'ashi 187131 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 1 6 ) ; GulpSyigini 1305 ( c a t . , 11, p . 6 3 ) ; Milli 185418f ( c a t . , I V , pp.316-17) -

AJJMAD

S i n i 41717 ( c a t . , I , p.250);

Maniisik a / - b o j i

AL-MAJLIST I : MS:

RisZilo dor h a j j , Persian S : DZnishgZh 85311 ( c a t . , V, p.1871); JJujjatiyya 596 ( c a t . , p . 29)

WZijibiit-i @oji wa ' u r n r o , Persian

MSS: Milli 302912f ( c a t . , V I , pp.807-8); p ,104) ; Raaawi 8004 ( B i n i s h , p . 1036)

MAWMOD AL-KIRMANSIIAH?

Faydiyya 1918 ( c a t . , 11,

:

I r s h i i d o l - s i j l i k , a commentary on Muhammad 'ali al-Kirminshihi's

AN INTRODUCTION TO

166

SHT'T LAW

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

' UMRA

DalTl 01-nZsik

MS: Mar'ashi 1516 ( c a t . , IV, p.317) ANONYMOUS (belonging to 13th c e n t u r y ) : MonZsik 01-hajj

MS:

RisZIo f l oqoll mi? b a y n o l ' u m r o t o y n NIS: Mashhad, Adabiyyit 2512 Fayyir) ( c a t . , p.211)

Mar'ashi 3047111 ( c a t . , VIII, p.262)

B N TAWQ A L - B A ~ R A N Y : BUSAYN B. MUJJAMMAD A L - ~ U S A Y N(~d . after 1309): T u b f a t 01-bujjZj, Persian

AbkZm o l ' u m r o

MS: Mareashi 2358117 ( c a t . , VI, p.3401

MS: IJujjatiyya 473 ( c a t . , p . 5 ) MA ZZR (PILGRIMAGE TO HOLY SI-IRINES) K . ol-Hajj

MS: Mar'ashi 3144 ( c a t . , VIII, p.376) AL-~AKTM:

Hurmot a / - m o s h c t ~ i da/-musharrofa

MS:

DolTl a / - n c i k

Edition:

Najaf, 1377

A L - S H A H R D D ~ - Mabmud b . 'Ali al-Uusayni ( d . 1394): K . 01-Hajj, his lectures compiled by Mubarnmad IbrZhim al-Janniti Edition: Najaf, 1382 - ( 5 vols.)

AL-GULPAYIGANT

'ABD

Faygiyya 186112 ( c a t . , 111, p.141)

ALLAH AL-MLMAQANT :

IzZbat 01-waswoso ' o n toqbTl 01-a'tiib a/-rnuqaddasa

Edition:

Najaf, 1345 HOLY WAR

- Mubammad Rig% b . Mubammad BZqir al-Musawi:

K . 01-Hajj, his lectures compiled by Abrnad ai-Sibiri

Edition:

BAYDAR ' A L ~. A L - S H T R W A N ~ :

1. GENERAL

Qum, [1400?]

KASHIF AL-GHITA' 2.

SPECIFIC

Chiiyot 01-murZd

U U S A Y N B . M U F L I AL--SAYMART ~ ( d . 933):

MSS: Ragawi 2498 ( c a t . , 11, pp.89-90); Milli 1806 A.rabic (cal p . 386); Malik 3996 ( c a t . , I , p.519); Sipahsilir 8426 ( c a t . , V ,

AbkZm 01-fawzf bbi ' I - B o y t 01-HarZm

MS: Mar'ashi 330711 ( c a t . , I X , p.87) 'ABD

ALLAH

AL-TUSTART:

@.BIB MS:

AL-RIYAQ: Radawi 619311 ( c a t . , V, p.404)

A/-Wasiyyo b i ' I - b o j j 01-wFjbib, included in his a/-RosZ'il (see above,

chapter 5) A l - T u b f a o l ' A b b i i s i y y o , Persian

MSS: Ragawi 2 7 1 1 ( c a t . , V, pp.381, 404); Saltanati 611 8( c a t . Mas'olo f i 'I-bojj 01-boladT

MS: Mashhad, Adabiyyit 25110 Fayyag ( c a t . , p p . 211-12) MUJJAMMAD VUSAYN MUVAMMAD IJUSAYN -

AL-KHWANSAR~

Risiilo f i ' I - ' o q d biil 01-ibriim

A L - K H W A T NHBADT: ~

J i h Z d i y y o , Persian MS: Radawi 2348 (Binish, p.695)

MS: Mar'ashi 3041117 ( c a t . , VIII, p.248) -

Risiilo

f7 soyd

01-mubrim

ANONYMOUS:

MS: Mar'ashi 3041116 ( c a t . , VIII, p.248) MS:

Radawi 619312 ( c a t . , V, p.404)

HASIIIM (early 13th c e n t u r y ) : MS: Ragawi 2342 ( c a t . , 11, pp.39-40)

s ~ i ' LAW i

A N INTRODUCTION TO

168

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 3.

169

ON NON-MUSLIMS

K . 01-Jihiid

MS: D i n i s h g a h 334118 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330) ABU 'L-BASAN B. MUBAMMAD

K A ~ I M( e a r l y

BUSAYN A L - K H W A N S Z R ~ : Hall shakk

13th c e n t u r y ) :

fT kown

bo'p' oh1 01-balod k i i f i r a n wa aktharahum iMuslimGn

MS: DSnishgSh 6710173 ( c a t . , XVI, p.342)

A y a t 01-jihiid, Persian

MS: Mar'ashi 1480 ( c a t . , IV, pp.271-2) MUIJAMMAD

R I ~ AB .

Sawii'iq 01-Yohiid = Risiila dar aokiim-i j i z y a , Persian

MUBAMMAD MUUSIN AL-HAMADANT:

MSS: Mar'ashi 187126 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 1 4 ) : DinishgZh 587812 ( c a t . , XVI, p.119); FayQiyya 1290115 ( c a t . , 111, p . 7 5 )

J i h i i d i y y o , Persian

MS: Majlis 927 TabZtabZ'i BAYDAR ' A L ~A L - S H ~ R W A N T : Risiila

MSS:

fT w u j i i b

q a t l siibb a/-Nab7

MS: DSnishgSh 429217 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3263)

Al-Jihiidiyya

RaQawi 2347, 2349-50 ( c a t . , 11, p.41:

B i n i s h , p.695)

A L - B I H B A H ~ N: ~

2.

ON BOOTY OF WAR

MAJID B .

FA LA^

Risiiia

MS:

B . BASAN A L - S H A Y B ~ ~ N (late ~ 10th c e n t u r y ) :

Risiila jT burmat 01-tosarruf f i ' I - i i i u r r wo ' I - b i j i i r o t 01-rnustakhrajo min k h o r i i b i i t 01-Kiifa w o ' I - H i i ' i r wo T i i s wa g h o y r i h i i

MS:

above, c h a p t e r 5)

MUBAMMAD B . I ~ A S A NAL-' AMILT :

MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~B. MUBAMMAD UUSAYN

Risiila f i 'I-arp' 01-rnaftiiba 'onwaton

AL-HAZARJAR~B~

ANONYMOUS:

Risiila f i 'I-arp' a/-maftiiba 'onwaton

JawFz-i musiifirat-i Piidishiih b i - F a r a n g , Persian

MS: Milli 36 Arabic ( c a t . , VII, pp.36-7)

BAQIR A L - K A Z Z A Z ~AL-SAWIJBULAGHT

MS: Masjid-i Jamie 243 ( c a t . , p.358) ( d . a f t e r 1261):

'ABD

RisZ;la f i 'I-orp' a/-moftiibo 'anwoton

AL-ARDAKT\N~ AL-YAZDI ( d . 1268):

Edition: 'ABD

RisFlo d o r obkiim-o a r z f l - y i maftiib olF'anwa, Persian

K A ~ I MB . RIQA

AL-TABARi ( d . a f t e r 1267):

Risiilo fi' 'I-arp' a/-maftiiba 'onwatan

MS: Dinishgah 335814 ( c a t . , XI, p.2359) ANONYMOUS: Risiila f i ' '1-arp' al-inoftuba 'onwatan

MS:

SipahsSlSr 31912 Mushir ( c a t . , 111, p.111)

LL BAUR A L - ' U L ~ M : R,siila f i ' I - a r i i f l 01-khariijiyya, included in h i s B u l g h a t 01-faq7h ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5 )

AL-F~R~~ZKGH~: ma' s u q u t i h b i 'I-lsliim

T e h r a n , 1321

ALLAH AL-MAMAQAN? :

Kashf al-asto?- ' a n w u j i i b ol-ghusl 'a10 ' I - k u f f i r Edition: Najaf, 1344 ( i n h i s a / - l t h n i i ' a s h a r i y y a )

MS: Milli 786f ( c a t . , 11, p.311) MUUAMMAD

AL-RASGL

Hukm taklTf 01-kiifir b i 'I-qap'ii'

MS: Milli 213 Arabic ( c a t . , V I I , p p . 183-4) MUUAMMAD T A Q ~B . A B TALIB ~

A L - K T \ S H ~ N ~ ( d . 1321):

Tawg7b a / - m a s F ' i i , P e r s i a n , on commercial relations between t h e Muslims a n d non-Muslims MSS: Milli 765f ( c a t . , 11, p.293); S h i r i z , F i r s

MS: Busayniyyat KSshif al-GhitS' 55 (AB, XI, p.60)

MUBAMMAD

i n k i i r uugiil a/-madhhab IF jiijib 01-kufr

A b k 5 n a / - j i z y a ,f7 zaman a / - g h a y b a , included in h i s a/-Rasii'il (see

Mar'ashi (AB, X I , p.172)

MUUAMMAD K A ~ I MB. MUBAMMAD SHAFT' (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) :

fT anno

GulpSyigZni 1870116 ( c a t . , 111, p . 92)

4.

ON NON-SI-If'TS

AL-MAJLIST

11:

v u k m - i m a - i N i i s i b - i , Persian

MSS: Mar'ashi 187115 ( c a t . , I , p.211); p . 263)

GulpSyigZni 122316 ( c a t . , 11,

S H T ' ~ LAW

AN INTRODUCTION TO

170

fi 6oqTqot

Risiila

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

ol-Nii$ib

fi

R;s?lo

MS: Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 2518 FayyZp ( c a t . , p . 212)

jowzz t o g o r r u f 01-m5l;k ma' 01-'ilm bi-toq'arrur 01-jbr

Riszlo fi' ' I - s h o r t p'imn a / - ' o q d

ANONYMOUS (written before 1169):

Both included in his a/-Ros5'il and Jow5mimi'a l - r o s i i ' i l (see above,

Rof' 01-iltibiis ' o n obkiim 01-niis

MS: Mar'ashi 1965 ( c a t . , V, pp.336-7)

'ABBAS

ASAN

' A L ~B. MUIJAMMAD AL-KAZZAZT ( d . after 1229):

MS:

Abklim a / - m u k h a i t j i 7

MS: Mar'ashi 284111 ( c a t . , VIII, p.46)

AL-BALAGHT 'Iqd

AL-GHITA':

DZnishgZh 690611 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 411)

AJJMADB .

:

fi ilziim

Edition:

AL KASHIF

Qawii'id al-mu'iimolZt

' ALT MUKHTAR AL-GULPAYIGHNT :

Agzlot 01-luziim f i ' I - ' u q c d

MS:

g h o y r 01-1mi;mT b i obkzm n i b l a t i h

Tehran, 1378

MUJJAMMADT A Q ~AL-HA RAW^ : Riszla f ; ' / - s h o r t q'imn o l - ' o q d MS: Nurbakhsh 55911 ( c a t . , 11, p . 203)

ORDERING GOOD AND FORBIDDING EVIL

ABU

BASAN A L - K A R A K ' ~: Al-Amr b i ' I - m o ' r c f

Mar'ashi 349411 ( c a t . , IX, p.290)

'L-QASIM

Risiila wo ' I - n o h y ' o n 01-munkor

MSS: Waziri 2077 ( c a t . , IV, p.1150); ( c a t . , p.42)

F

Edition:

A L - K U J ~ R (~d . after 1314):

q i i ' i d a t k u l l mii yup'mon b i - $ a b i b i h yuq'man bi-fbsidih

Tehran, 1314

AdabiyyZt 120112 ljikmat MUEjAMMAD JA'FAR B. MUEjAMMAD 'ALT AL-JJUSAYNT AL-KASHANT

AL-AKHBLRT :

Risiila f i ' I - s h u r i i t

K . 01-Amr b i ' I - m o ' r c f wo ' I - n a h y ' o n a/-munkar MS: DXnishgZh 334119 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to 13th century) : K . a / - A m r b i ' I - m o ' r i i f wo ' I - n o h y ' o n 01-munkor M S : Gawharshad 145811 (cat., p.220)

AL- SHAFT^ : Iqo?not ol-budi7d f7 ramon 01-ghaybo, Persian

MSS: Faypiyya 13812 ( c a t . , I , p.20, 11, p.72); GulpZyigZnT 4 3 5 ( c a t . , 11, p.103); UstXdi ( c a t . , p.48)

Edition:

Tehran, 1315

AL

BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M :

-

Risiila f i 'I-qobp' wo b a q i q o t i h

-

Risiila

fT

-

Risiilo

f7 q z ' i d a t a / - y a d

-

Risiilo

F

q z ' i d o t m b yup'mon bi-$abTbih yup'mon b i - E s i d i h

' o q d 01-fup'Cl7

All included in his B u l g h o t a / - f a q i h (see above, chapter 5)

M A H D ~AL-KHALIST : A/-Qowb'id 01-fiqhiyya f i 'I-mu'zmolbt

Edition: Mashhad, 1343

C

'ALT B . MUUAMMAD BUSAYN A L - S H A H R A S T ~ N:~

ON CONTRACTS

RisElo f i 'I-ieri;p' ' a n a/-miil

Edition:

1. GENERALITIES AL-FJURR Risiilo

A L - B A L A G H ~:

AL-'AMIL~: f7 anno

' I - t a g o r r u f wa ' I - y a d dalj-I a / - m i l k i y y o

MS: Fayaiyya 191013 ( c a t . , 111, p. 148)

AL-BIHBAHHNT Risiilo

Ris;io

f7 q b ' i d o t rn; yuq'man b i - $ o b i b i h yup'mon b i - f i i d i h

Edition:

Najaf, 1343 (together with his U s h i y o t a/-Makcsib)

AL-TRAWANY :

:

fi a n n a

Tehran, 1320

' / - a $ / f~ 'I-mu'iimol?t 01-$ibbo

MSS: DZnishgZh 71313 ( c a t . , V, p.1777);

BuqEq 24714j ( c a t . , p . 3 48

Jumbn oolsilk f i 'I-i'rZip' ' o n ol-milk

Edition:

Tehran, 1379 (together with his Uoshiyot a/-Makiisib)

172

AN INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'?

LAW

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

AHMAD B . 'INAYAT ALLAH A L - Z A N J A N ~ :

A'FAR QULi B . 'ABD A L - ' A L ~ ( d . a f t e r 1246):

TdFb ol-obwi;l f7 abkiirn a/-hii/Zt oi-fiiriyo 'ola 'I-mTii MS: 2.

Siyagh a / - ' u q i d MS: Mar'ashi 2009.2 ( c a t . , VI, p.12)

Zanjini 129 ( c a t . , p . 244)

ON FORMULAS

UljAMMAD JA'FAR A L - A S T A R A B A D ~ : Siyogh a/-'uqGd wo 'I-7qZCiit Editions: T a b r i z , 1293: T e h r a n , 1333 MSS: DZnishgSh 406415 ( c a t . , XIII, p . 3047); Mar'ashi 154112 ( c a t . IV, p . 3 4 3 ) ; Milli 1622 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 1 7 5 ) ; Raaawi 5714, 7234 ( B i n i s h , p.907) Translation: P e r s i a n , b y Mubarnmad T a q i b . Mubammad muqim al-AstarZbSdi a l - S i r a w i , MS: GawharshZd 112411 ( c a t . , p.149)

IBN TAYY: A/-Durr a / - m a n d i d MSS: Raaawi 6496 ( c a t . , V , p . 4 2 0 ) ; p.113)

Mashhad, IlZhiyyZt 192 ( c a t .

M U F L I ~AL-SAYMART: Jawiihir 01-kalimiit MSS: Ja'fariyya (Tu'rna 11, p . 3 1 ) ; Majlis 540515, 535414 ( c a t . , XVI pp.265, 310); Raaawi 6464, 2326, 2596 ( c a t . , 11, pp.34-5, V, p.403 MGza 4329 ( c a t . , p.203); Mar'ashi 225512, 3702, 13312 ( c a t . , I , p . 153, VI, p . 240, X, p . 104); Gawharshiid 1120 ( c a t . , p . 255); Milli 166815 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 2 5 0 ) ; Malik 2862 ( c a t . , I , p.214); DZnishgih 3702 ( c a t . , XlI, p . 2706); Masjid-i A'zam 96512 HUSAYN

AL-SAYMART:

-

-

$iyogh 01-'uqzd Editions: T a b r i z , 1308 a n d o t h e r s ( s e e MushZr, cols. 595-6)

Siyogh o l ' u q i j d , Persian MS: GulpZyigZni 1151 ( c a t . , 11, p . 127)

:

Siyogh o i k ' u q i d wo 'I-7qi;'iit Editions: T e h r a n , 1315 ( i n t h e collection of Kolirniit a/-muboqqiqii?), 1318 Selected MSS: Radawi 2488-9, 7094 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 6 , V, p.465); Mar'ashi 68013, 2214, 13311 ( c a t . , I , p p . 3 4 , 153, 11, p . 2 7 3 ) ; Majlis 4339110, 535412 ( c a t . , XII, pp.41-2, XVI, p.264); Milli 195716f, 195612 Arabic ( c a t . , VI, pp.429-30, X, p.638); DinishgZh 539712, 6963110 ( c a t . , XV, p.4239, XVI, p.413) ; Malik 647 ( c a t . , I , p.487) Bengal 645 ( c a t . , I , p.318) Translation: P e r s i a n , b y Mu'pammad YGsuf al-AstarZbiidi (late 13th c e n t u r y ) , edited several times ( e . g . T a b r i z , 1313)

AnTs 01-towwiibiii, h i s opinions on t h i s topic compiled by JJZfiz alKZshini MS: Mar'ashi 100314 ( c a t . , 111, p.199) -

AL-SIIAHTD

' A L ~B . GUL MUHAMMAD A L - Q A R P ~ Z ~ B AAL-ZANJANY DT ( d . 1290):

'ABD AL-'ALT B . MUHAMMAD AL-HARANDT (late 13th c e n t u r y ) :

Mahiisin a/-kolirniit = ol-lqiipit MS: Radawi 2596 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 118-19)

AL-KARAKT

Siyogh a/-'uqiid wa 'I-TqZ'Zt MS: Majlis 4368 ( c a t . , XII, p . 78)

AL-THANT:

MUHAMMAD HASHIM AL-KHWANSART: Siyogh a/-'uqGd Editions: IgfahZn, 1310, 1317 MS: GulpSyig5ni 113514 ( c a t . , 11, p.231) 'ABD

ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT:

A/-Durr a/-rnonq'Ed Edition: Najaf, 1346 ANONYMOUS: -

-

Siyayh a/-'uqGd MS: Marcashi 114912 ( c a t . , 111, p.323) Nobdho f7 siyogh oi-'uqzd MS: Gharb 471218 ( c a t . , p.381)

$iyoyh o l - ' u q i d MSS: Jawidayn (AB, V, p.278, XV, p . 109); GulpZyigZni 68212 ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 0 1 ) ; Gharb 78612 ( c a t . , p.276)

AL-MINSHAR

-

'AE b . APmad b . I-liial alh'Amili (mid-10th c e n t u r y ) :

Siyagh 01-'uqzd wo 'I-Tqz'at MS: Majlis 7185

MaqZFd a/-qujGd MSS: Gawharshid 118713. 1049.4 (Cat., P . 4 0 8 ) : Gul~ivi!zini (cat.. . I p . 2 ) ; Waziri 325013 ( c a t . , V , p.1587) "

L

TRANSACTION K ~ S H I FA L - G H I T ~ :

S h a r b ai-QawFCid, a commentary on t h e c h a p t e r on transaction of al-'Allima's Qawii'id 01-abkiirn MSS: Radawi 7747-8 ( B i n i s h , p . 8 8 0 ) ; Mnlik 1106, 2656 ( c a t . , I , p . 4 3 1 ) ; Majlis 1308, 4330, 514711 ( c a t . , IV, pp.80-1, XII, p.22, XV. p.217); Faydiyya 911 (Cat., I , p . 154); G a w h a r s h i d 74111 ( c a t . , p.330); Matbaf 2960 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 4 6 ) ; Princeton 1345 New S e r i e s ; Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid ( A n , XIII, p . 132); U s t i f i ( c a t . , p.24)

A N INTRODUCTION TO

174

AL-AKHBART

s ~ i ' LAW i

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

:

(a)

K . a/-Tiicrtt wo 'I-rnoncfi' wo 'I-$inZ'Zt MS: Dinishgih 3341110 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330)

PROHIBITED BUSINESS ,

MUIJSIN AL-KHANFAR AL-NAJAFT ( d . 1270): K . 01-TijZiro, his lectures compiled by Abii =lib MS: Mar'ashi 1520 ( c a t . , IV, p.322)

al-Qi'ini

L-KHUMAYN~.: A/-Mokfiib a/-muborromo Edition: Tehran, 1381

AL-AN$ART: -

GENERAL

K . 01-Makcsib = 01-Motriir Editions: Tabriz , 1375 and others Autograph: DinishgZh, microfilm 3642 ( c a t . , 11, p . 208) Commentaries: ( 1 ) by al-Rashti, edited Tehran, 1317 (together with Mubammad gasan al-MimaqZni's Chiiyot a/-FmZI), MS: Gulpiyigini 69 ( c a t . , 11, p . 62) ; ( 2 ) by Rids b . MuPammad H i d i al-Hamadini , MS: S h i r i z i (AB, VI, p . 219); (3) ChZyot 01-Zimiil, by Mubarnmad gasan al-MZmaqiui, edited Tehran, 1317, MSS: Dinishgih 752-4 ( c a t . , V, pp.1948-51); ( 4 ) Bughyot 01-fiilib, b y Abu '1-Qisim b . Ma'giim al-gusayni al-Ishkawari ( d a . 1324-5); edited Tehran, 1322; ( 5 ) by Mubarnmad 'Ali b . Mubammad Sidiq al-KhwZnsZri, edited Tehran, 1324 (in the margin of al-AngZri's 01-Makcsib); (6) b y al-KhurZsini , edited Tehran, 1319; ( 7 ) by al-Yazdi , edited Tehran, 1324, 1378; ( 8 ) by Mubarnmad Taqi a l - S h i r i z i , edited Tehran, 1323; ( 9 ) Moq~od01-TClib, by Abu '1FQZsim b . Zayn al-'Abidin al-gusayni ImZm al-Jum'a ( d . 1346), edited Tehran, 1314, 1368; (10) Nihcyot a/-iimi71, by 'Abd Allih al-Mimaqini, edited Najaf, 1345; (11) by al-Balighi , edited Najaf, 1343; (12) by al-irawini , edited Tehran, 1365, 1379; (13) Munyot a / - f a i b , a l - N i ' i n i l s lectures on 01-Makcsib compiled by MiisZ b . MuI)ammad al-KhwZnsiri, edited Najaf, 1357-8, Tehran, 1373; (14) a second collection of al-Ni'inT1s lectures on a/-Makcsib, compiled by MuQammad Taqi al-Amuli, edited Tehran, 1372-3; (15) by Mubarnmad JJusayn al-Igfahini ( d . 13611, edited T e h r a n , 1363; ( 16) Bulghat ai-f?lib, by Mubammad KZ8im al-Shirizi ( d . 1367), edited Tehran, 1370; (17) Hidcyat 01-pilib, b y FattZQ b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Shahidi, edited Tabriz, 1375; (18) Nohi a/-foqcho, by al-gakim, edited Najaf, 1371; (19) Migbiil, 01-foqfho, al-Khu'ils lectures on a/-Makcsib, compiled by Mubammad 'Ali al-Tawbidi, edite Najaf, 1374-82; (20) ol-Mu~?Zp'oriitfi 'I-fiqh a/-JaCforT, another collec tion of al-Khu'i's lectures on ol-Mokiisib, compiled by 'Ali al-gusayni al-ShihrGdi , edited Najaf, 1373-84

M U R T A ~ AAL-FJA'IRI: Ibtigh?' ol-faglo Edition: Qum, 1383

2.

ON MUSIC

AL-SABZAW~R~: -

Risclo fi 'I-ghinz' MSS: SipahsZlir 8190113 ( c a t . , V, p.352); Dinishgih 354114 ( c a t . , XII, p.2526); Masjid-i A'zam 3118; Majlis 326312 ( c a t . , X , p p . 873-4)

-

RisTila fi 'I-ghino' , different from above MS: DZnishgZh, microfilm 365312 from a private MS ( c a t . , 11, p.213)

' A L ~B . MUYAMMAD AL-'AMILi: TonbTh al-ghiifiI7nn, in refutation of al-SabzawZrils above-mentioned treatises MS: Dinishgiih, microfilm 365311 from a private MS ( c a t . , 11, p.212)

M ~ LAWgi R - Mubarnmad H i d i b . Mubarnmad al-gusayni al-sabzawiri (late 11th c e n t u r y ) : I 'liim 01-obibbc' MSS: Majlis 567211, 5511 ( c a t . , XVI, p.410, XVII, pp.124-5) ANONYMOUS (belonging to early 12th c e n t u r y ) : MaqcmZt a/-siilikTn , Persian MS: DZnishgih 5702 ( c a t . , XVI, p p . 70-1)

MAJID AL-BAFJRAN~

-

-

A/-Boy' wo 'I-khiyiiret, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MS: Mar'ashi 1795 ( c a t . , V, p.181)

'ALIAL-KANi

( d . 1306):

AbkFm oal'uqCid wa 'Ikkhiy7irct Editions: Tehran, 1304, 1317 (together with his K . a/-Qop'o')

Mubarnmad b . Ibrihim al-gusayni (early 12th

century) :

TqE ol-nF'imTn MSS: Sipahsilir 815113 ( c a t . , 111, p.230); Tustariyya (AB, 11, p.505) Abridgement: by Miisi b . Fadl AllZh al-gusayni al-Hamadini (late 13th c e n t u r y ) , MS: Fayoiyya 1960110 ( c a t . , 111, p . 156) IJUSAYN A L - Q A Z W ' ~ N ~ : Risiila f7 ball bodTth worod fi " I ~ o w t01-bason MSS: Raoawi 250516 ( c a t . , 11, p.118); Zanjini 7616 ( c a t . , pp.220-1) 'ABD AL-SAMMAD

AL-HAMADANT:

RisFIa fi 'I-ghin?' MSS: Milli 3029/7f ( c a t . , VI, p.811);

Nujumi ( c a t . , p.255)

176

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

Translation: Persian, by Muhammad Biiqir b . Abi 'I-Futiih al-Miisawi (late 11th c e n t u r y ) , MS: T a b r i z , Thiqat al-Islim ( N o s h . , VII, p . 532)

A L - Q U M M ~: RisFlo fi 'I-ghinii',

included in his 01-Rosci'il (see above, chapter 5)

MUIJAMMAD JA'FAR B . MUIJAMMAD UUSAYN AL-SHAHRASTANT ( d . 126

Al-Siriij 01-wohhiij Edition: Tehran 1313 (in the above-mentioned collection)

Rislilo wol>o fi 'I-ghinF' MS: Diinishgih 111113 ( c a t . , V, p.1896)

BD AL-$AMAD:

M A I J M ~ADL - K I R M A N S H A H ~:

Riscilo f7 billiyyot jowF'iz 01-sulfiin MS: Milli 194312 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.616);

Risiilo f7 burmot 01-ghinF' MS: Mar'ashi 153712 ( c a t . , IV, p.337) MUIJAMMAD RASOL AL-KASHANT

SULTAN A L - T A L I Q A N ~ ( d .

1306):

RisFlo fi 'I-ghinF' Edition: Tehran, 1304

Risrilo fi 'I-ghin5' Edition: an abridgement of it is edited Tehran, 1381 (in al-Khumay 01-Makzsib a/-mubarramo) MS: Zanjini 112 ( c a t . , p . 239) ON BACKBITING

H L D AL-TIHRANT ~

:

RisFlo f i 'I-ghaybo MS: Majlis 540212 ( c a t . , XVI, p.307) 4.

-

Risiilo fi 'I-khorSij

-

Riscilo mukhto$ora fi 'I-khoriij Editions: Tehran, 1313 (in t h e above-mentioned collection), 1318 (in the margin of a l - K h u r i s i n i ' s D u r a r 01-fow5'id) Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 144614-5 ( c a t . , IV, p.364); Milli 1889 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.533); Dinishgih 7387199 ( c a t . , XVI, p.534)

MAJID AL-SHAYBANT:

ABU 'L-MAJD:

3.

IJakim 1506m ( c a t . , I ,

(13th c e n t u r y ) :

RisZilo fT burmot 01-ghin?' MS: Sipahsilir 756415 ( c a t . , V, p.353) N A ~ A R*AL? B .

177

ON WORKING FOR THE GOVERNMENT

RisZilo fT bill a/-khoriij Edition: Tehran, 1313 (in the above-mentioned collection) MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XI, p . 179) 'ABD ALLAH B. 'iSA

A L - I Q F A H A N ~ A L - A F A N D ~ ( d . around 1130):

Al-KhorFjiyyo MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XI, p.179)

MULLA KITAB

- Muhammad Taqi b . Mubammad al-Najafi (mid-13th

A/-Mi$bFb 01-wohhSij MSS: Gharb 5316 ( c a t . , p.192);

S i p a h s i l i r 6113 ( c a t . , IV, p.365)

AL-MURTAPA: Mos'olo fi 'I'omol ma' 01-sultFn Edition: London, 1980 AD (in the Bulletin of the Schoolof Oriental a n d African Studies, XLIII, p p . 22-41 MSS: Sipahsilir 2524 ( c a t . , V, pp.557-9); Majlis 518713 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 6 ) ; Diinishgih 6914119 (cat., XVI, p.398); Princeton 2751 Yahuda ( c a t . , p . 137); Berlin Pet. 40 ( c a t . , IV, p p . 347-8); sahib al-Dhari'a (Cat. of microfilms of DZnishgih, I , p.575); Kishiin, 'Atifi (Nosh., XI-XII, p.953) 5. ON TAX REVENUE AND GOVERNMENT'S GIFTS

A L - K A R A K ~:

~ n o r o l ~ y yJa t Selected MSS: Radawi 2527-8, 2798 ( c a t . , 11, p.99); Dinishgih 87212 7202 ( c a t . , V, p . 1967, XVI, p.486); Majlks 5650 ( c a t . , XVII, p . 106); Milli 1006 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.566); al-Imim al-Mahdi (Mabfiiz 11, p.212); Malik 597 ( c a t . , I , p.559); Los Angeles MI28314 ( c a t . , p.722)

(b) SALE 1. GENERAL MUVAMMAD MS: 'ABD

IBRAHTM

B.

QASIM

AL-KAZIMi AL-NAJAFT (13th c e n t u r y ) :

Majlis 4436 ( c a t . , XII, p p . 121-2)

AL-KARTM

A L - Q A Z W ~ NA~L - G ~ L A N T (late 13th century):

ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 13th c e n t u r y ) : K . 01-Boy' MSS: GulpiyigZini 697, 643 ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 1 ) ;

Fayoiyya 1718

AN INTRODUCTION TO

178

SHT'T

LAW

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS L BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M :

K . a/-Bay'

T u s t a r i y y a (AB, 111, p . 191); DZnishgih 726 ( c a t . , V, p.1938

MSS:

t7 bay' 01-mu'iitiit t7 talof 01-mob?' qabl

-

Risiilo

-

Risiilo

-

Risiilo f i ' I - w i l i i y i i t

K . al-Boy ' , h i s l e c t u r e s compiled b y AbG Tilib al-Tajlil Edition: Qum, 1373

qobp'ih

All included in h i s B u l g h a t a/-faq7h ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

AL-KHUMAYNT:

(c)

K . 01-Bay*

Edition:

RIGHT OF CANCELLATION

Najaf, 1389-97

MUJJAMMAD R I Q ~A L - G U L P ~ Y I G ~ N ~ : K . a/-Bay ' , his l e c t u r e s compiled b y 'Afi al-ijusayni al-Milani Edition: Qum, 1400 2.

1. GENERAL

' A L ~AL

Edition: T e h r a n , 1319 MSS: Raaawi 2388 ( c a t . , 11, p . 54); Majlis 113 K h u ' i ( c a t . , VII, p p . 118-19)

MAJID AL-SHAYBANT: Risiilo

f7 w u j i i b

a / - i t t i j i i r bi-miil 01-$agh7r wo i s t i n m z ' i h /ah

Mar'ashi (AB, XXV, p . 2 9 )

AL-GHITA':

S h a r b 01-Lum'o, a s a commentary on t h e relevant c h a p t e r of al-Shahid al-Awwal's a / - L u m ' a 01-Dimoshqiyyo

SPECIFIC

MS:

KASHIF

HADT A L - T I H R ~ N: ~ D h a k h i i ' i r 01-nubuwwa

Al'Ayn

f7to'iirup'

MSS: Danishgih 185914 ( c a t . , VIII, p.459); IX, p.158)

AL-QUMMY

Edition: T a b r i z , 1325 MSS: Danishgah 799 ( c a t . , V, pp.1880-2); ( c a t . , IX, p p . 3 8 , 139)

baqqoy a/-mutobiiya'ayn

Mar'ashi 338211 ( c a t . ,

MURTAQA

:

-

Risiilo f i 'I-mu'iiciit

-

Risiila f i 'I-fup'iilT

Majlis 271711, 275313

B . AJJMAD AL-KHUSRAWSHAHT ( d . 1372):

N f t h i i r i i t 0 1 - k a w i i k ~ b , a commentary on t h e relevant c h a p t e r of a1 A n g a r i t s 01-Mokiisfb Editlon: T e h r a n , 1370

Risiila t 7 onnoh ha1 y a j i i z li-man bii' s i l ' a t o h mln g h a y r i h an yash t a r i y o h i i m i n h , ma' 01-short ow b i - d i i n i h

2.

SPECIFIC

All included in h i s 01-Rasii'il ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5) Risiila

MUWAMMAD R A S ~ LB. 'ABD AL-'AZ~Z (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) : A/-Tanbih

MS:

f7 wozii'if

-

ol-faq7h

G u l p i y i g i n i 1936

fT

tabq7q a / - b o y ' b i - s h o r t a / - k h i y i i r

MS: D i n i s h g a h 288812 ( c a t . , X, p.1733) Risiila

fT

t a ~ o r r u fal-mushtor7

firoman

01-khfyiir

MSS: Majlis 333316 ( c a t . , X, pp.1130-1;

see also AB, XI, pp.148-9)

ANONYMOUS:

f7 jaw&

Yaniib7' 01-wiliiya

Fii'ida

MS:

MS: Majlis 520212 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 33)

Radawi 7170 ( c a t . , V , p.531)

MUJJAMMAD R A J J ~ M AL-BUR~JIRD~: Risiila f i ' I - b a y ' 01-fuq'iir

MS:

Raaawi 5849 ( B i n i s h , p.790)

MUUAMMAD ' A L ~B. MUBAMMAD a l - l S F A ~ r \ ~ '(id . 1318): Risiilo f i ' I - w i l Z y i i t

Edition:

T e h r a n , 1312

BAQIR AL-MASJIDSHAHT

bay' a/-shart

MUJJAMMAD RIQA B . MUJJAMMAD 'ALT AL-ISFARJT\N~AL-GOI.PAYIGAN~ ( d . a f t e r 1258) Risiilo

IT jawiiz

a k h d h a / - o r s h min g h o y r a / - n o g d o y n

MS: DZnishgZh 195316 ( c a t . , VIII, p.568) MUJJAMMAD B .

'ALT AL-KHUSRAWSHAHT A L - T A B R ~ Z(~d . a r o u n d 1312):

A/-Risiila 01-Biiqiriyya

Edition:

T a b r i z , 1310 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s M i s h k i i t ol-ma$iibTb)

182

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

MONOGRAPHSON CONTRACTS

HIRE AND LEASE

PROCURATION

1. GENERAL

Translation: P e r s i a n , b y Muhammad $ i d i q a l - S i r k i n i , MS: ( c a t . of microfilms of D i n i s h g i h , I , p . 705)

K . 01-ljiiro

Racjawi 6640 ( c a t . , V , p.354)

ANONYMOUS:

Waziri

( i u k m 01-jolciq b l - d o ' w i i 01-wlkiilo ' o n 01-row1 ma' ~nkiirir,h(seebelow,

K . 01-ljiiro, a collection of l e c t u r e s on t h i s topic

monographs on divorce)

MS: Majlis 454612 ( c a t . , XII, p.219)

AL-RASHTT

( d . 1021):

R ~ s i i l of i wok71 a/-zowlo

AL-KIRMANSHAHT: MS:

ALLAH AL-TUSTART

'ABD

ANONYMOUS:

:

Risiila

K . 01-ljiiro

fi

taliiq muddo'7 01-wikiilo ' o n ol-zowj ma' i n k & 01-zawj ( s e e

below, monographs on divorce)

Edition: T e h r a n , 1298, 1316 MS: Masjid-i A'zam 11709

'ABD

K . 01-ljiiro, h i s l e c t u r e s compiled b y h i s s o n , Muhammad b . Kigim al-Khurisini MS: Dznishgih 115112 ( c a t . , V , p.1832)

ALLAH

AL-KIRMZNSHAHT:

Ta'iirup' a/-wok71 wo 'I-muwakkil sharar li-nofsih a / - k h i y i i r

MS:

f i mii

low b5' r o j u l l i - - r o j u l shoy'on wo

I l i h i y y i t 81912d ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 0 )

AL-SHAFT1 : Risiilo

FAYYAQ AL-ZANJAN'~:

f i toliiq muddo'? a 1 wikiila ' o n a/-zawj ma' i n k i i r 01-row/ ( s e e

below, monographs on divorce)

K . 01-ljiiro Edition: T e h r a n , 1343

ENDOWMENT 1. GENERAL

K . 01-ljiiro

Edition: 2.

Najaf, 1375

SPECIFIC

K . 01-Woqf MS: Mar'ashi 349417 ( c a t . , 11, p.293)

'ABD ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~ : Risiilo fT tomalluk 01-01% l i ' I - u j r o b i ' I k ' o q d , included in h i s 01-Rasii'il ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

MUBAMMAD

K A ~ M B . RIP% AL-TABART

fi

boyiin b o ' d mosii'il 01-woqf

Risiilo

MS:

AL-FAYQ : RisZilo

fT h u k m a k h d h

Majlis 3818110 ( c a t . , X,

ANONYMOUS (belonging t o e a r l y 14th c e n t u r y ) : Risr71o d o r ajal-i ijCra, Persian

MS: D i n i s h g i h 445711 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3414)

ZL BAIJR RisCla

AL-'UL~M:

fT o k h d h

D i n i s h g i h 335813 ( c a t . , XI, p.2359)

AL-ANSART

o l - u j r o ' o l a 'I-wCjibFt

MSS: Mar'ashi 140118 ( c a t . , I V , p.176); p.1843)

01-ujra ' o l a ' I - w C j i b i i t , included in h i s B u l g h o t a/-faq7h

-

:

:

K . 01-WuqCf wo 'I-zadoqiit MS: Ma'had 1295 ( c a t . p . 112) K . ol-Woqf, h i s l e c t u r e s compiled b y Mubarnmad Ibrihim al-Rashti

MS: Mar'ashi 1066 ( c a t . , 111, p.251) ABMAD B . MUBAMMAD MUUSIN

AL-FAYPT

K . 01-Waqf

MS:

Gawharshid 38 ( c a t . , p . 361)

( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5) MUUAMMAD IjUSAYN A L - I $ F A H % N ~ : RisZilo

fi

h u k m o k h d h 01-ujro ' a l a 'I-wiijibiit Edition: T e h r a n , 1363 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s (iiishiyat a/-Mokiisib)

Sofwot a / - m o q 3

MS:

Mar'ashi 3132 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 361)

(late 13th c e n t u r y ) :

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

s ~ i ' LAW i

A N INTRODUCTION TO

184

AL-RASHTI : K . ol-Wo$ZiyZi MS: DinishgXh 671111 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 3 4 3 )

K . a/-Woqf MSS: Tustariyya 62211 ( c a t . , p . 8 6 9 ) ; Majlis 327512, 4312, 37 TabXtabi'i ( c a t . , X, pp.883-4, XII, p . 5 )

AL

RisZila fi 'I-waqf Edition: B a g h d a d , 1331 ( i n h i s ShadharZt) Commentary: b y Mahdi al-Khilisi, edited B a g h d a d , 1331 ( i n h i s 0 1 - D a r K 01-IZimiCZit) MUJJAMMAD ~ A L I J B J . FAQL

ANONYMOUS: Masii'il-i wo$ZiyZi, Persian MS: Milli 263313f ( c a t . , v I , p.191)

ALLAH A L - ~ ~ ' I R TA L - S I M N A N ~(d. 1391):

MUTAFFAR B . MUJJAMMAD 'ALT AL-JJUSAYNT AL-RASHTi (early 14th century) :

K . al-Woqf Edition: T e h r a n , 1377 2.

A/-MasZ'il a i - ~ a s h t i ~ ~ a MS: Mar'ashi 129612 ( c a t . , I V , pp.44-5)

SPECIFIC

AJJMAD B . ZAYN

AL-'ABID~N

AL-'AMIL~:

BayZin a/-boqq wo tibyZin aalsidq MS: Radawi 2259 ( c a t . , 11, pp.15-16); IJUSAYN

BAJJR A L - ' U L U M : RisZla fi 'I-wa$iyyo, includce in h i s Hulghat 01-faqTh ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

2.

SPECIFIC

JJASAN AL-GTLZNT (late 11th c e n t u r y ) :

Faydiyya 1961 ( c a t . , I , p.36:I

Mas 'latiin fi 'I-wa~iyya MS: Majlis 277313-4 ( c a t . , I X , p.209)

AL ' u ~ F ~ R :

BurhZin aolashrZif if man' b a y ' 01-awqzf MS: Radawi 6462 ( c a t . , V, pp.373-4)

AL-QUMMT

T rnunaijaziit a/-moriq', included in h i s a/-Rasii'il and h i s RisZla i JawZimi' a/-rasz'il ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

:

Risiila fi 'I-waqf wa bayiin bbiil madrasa 15 yu'lom wiiqifuhii, included in h i s 01-Rosii'il ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5) AL-SHAFTT : Risiilo fi 'adorn luzi7m a/-qabd idhii ja'al a/-wiiqif 01-tawliya li-nafsih MSS: Faydiyya 108913, 137312 ( c a t . , 111, p . 5 4 , 8 7 ) ; Mar'ashi 319211 ( c a t . , VIII, pp.412-13) ABU

'L-QASIM

B . M U ~ A M M A DMAHDI AL-NARAQT

'ASHUR AL-KIRMANSHAHT

4

MUBAMMAD JA'FAR B . MUFJAMMAD JJUSAYN A L - T I H R A N ~ ( d . a f t e r 1256) Risiila tT ta$arruf?it a/-marT@ MS: Fayoiyya 77113 ( c a t . , 111, p.20)

MASHKOR B . MUJJAMMAD A L - I ~ A W L A WA~ L - N A J A F ~( d . 1272): Risiila f7 munoijazbt a/-marig Edition: T e h r a n , 1323

( d . 1256):

Mulakhkho$ 01-maqol, i n refutation of al-Shafti's above-mentioned treatise MS: Mar'ashi 3136 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 365) MUJJAMMAD B.

59

:

Risiila f7boy' a/-waqf MS: Mar'ashi 2575/fols. 12-14 ( c a t . , VII, p.165) LEGACIES 1. GENERAL

RisZilo f7 rnunojjaziit 01-mar?@ MS: DinishgZh 695614 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 4 1 1 ) MUJJAMMAD 'ABBAS A L - M ~ S A WAL-LAKNAWT: ~ Al-Raw@ a/-or?# f7 munajjazZit 01-mar?q' MS: Mar'ashi 2030 ( c a t . , VI, p . 3 6 )

AL BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M : RisZiIa f7 rnunajjaziit 01-marid, included in h i s Bulghot 01-faq'ih ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5) MUJJAMMAD JJUSAYN AL-KHWLNSART:

K . 01-ll'osiivii. a s a commentarv on t h e relevant c h a o t e r of al-'Allima's Irshiid a;-ddhhiin Editions: T e h r a n . 1305. 1325 ( b o t h t o c e t h e r with h i s a/-Mokiislb) MS: Faygiyya 99311 (c'at., 111, p.47)Y

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

186

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS 3.

fT munojiozilt

Risiila

187

ON FORMULA

0i-mOrTd

Editions: Tehran, 1324, 1378 (together with his Hcshiyot a/-Makcsib) ABU

'L-QASIM

B. ZAYN

fT rnunaiiozct

Risiila

Edition:

Mos'ala fT i f t i q c r 01-nik& !lo ' I - q a b i j l al-garTb, a / - f a w c ' i d (see above, chapter 5)

AL-'ABIDIN A L - J $ U S A Y N ~ :

ooirnor7p'

Included in h ~ Shotiit s

IBN FAHD:

Tehran, 1323

Abkcrn ' a q d 01-nik~ib

MUUSIN B. 'ABD A L - K A R ~ M A L - A M ~ NAL-'AMILT Al-Rowp' 01-arTd

Edition:

fT

MS:

( d . 1373):

Majlis 275015 ( c a t . , IX, p . 126)

ta$arrufCt 01-rnarTd

[Sidon?], n . d . Ai-Nabdha a / - ' u q i j d ~ y y of l ' I - z i y a g h a / - n i k c b ~ y y o

MS:

MUUAMMAD $ALIW AL-SIMNT\NT: RisZ;la

fimunajjozct 01-rnorTp'

Edition:

Mallis 540516 ( c a t . , XVI, p.311)

M U ~ A M M A D" A L ~AL-ASTARABADT

Tehran. 1377

-

(late 11th c e n t u r y ) :

RisiiIo dor siyogh-i ' o q d - i n i k i i l , , Persian

MS: DZnishgZh 3514124 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2528) MARRIAGE

-

1 . GENERAL

Niki;i?iyyo = Siyogh-i nik* , Persian MSS: Milli 126112 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p . 2 4 9 ) ; DinishgZh 406417 ( c a t . , XIII, pp.3047-8); Mar'ashi 18717 , 60213, 168312 ( c a t . , I , p.207, 11, p.196, V, p . 7 8 ) ; Waziri 131813 ( c a t . , 111, p.927); Faydiyya 91311 ( c a t . , 111, p . 3 7 ) ; Gulpxyigini 104611, 141612 ( c a t . , 11, pp.224, 258); Raaawi 5714 (Binish, p.907)

Nuzhat ai-orweb

MSS: Bengal 647 ( c a t . , I , p.320); Dinishgxh 6875, 88216, 498913 ( c a t . . V . ~ ~ . 2 0 8 5 - 7X.V , ~ . 4 0 7 7 .XVI, p.387); Radawi 2853 ( c a t .

A L - A M U L ~ (early 10th c e n t u r y ) :

Lum'a dar nikeb-i dC'irn wa m u t ' o , Persian MSS: Radawi 2552 ( c a t . , 11, p . 106); Faydiyya 161711 ( c a t . , 111, p . 109); Malik 5445 (AB, XVIII, p p . 353-4); Dinishgih 310619 ( c a t . , X I , p.2060); Majlis 843 ( c a t . , 111, p . 7 4 ) ; Mar'ashi 166715 ( c a t . , V, p.62)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 11th c e n t u r y ) : Risiilo

MS:

AL-BA'IRT

Fc'ida

AL-KHWATONABAD~

Faydiyya 2020 ( c a t . , 11, p.80)

f7 me 15 b u d d minh f7 TjCb 01-nikiib = ol-Qawl 01-sagd MSS: Mar'ashi 1675 ( c a t . , V, p.71); Majlis 196613 ( c a t . , IX, p.678); Niirbakhsh 10815 ( c a t . , I , p.131) Siyogh a / - n i k c b

MSS: Majlis 196611 ( c a t . , IX, pp.674-6); p . 132)

B. MASiFj AL-AMULi (10th century 1:

fT burrnot

AL-UUSAYNI

Al-Hoqq 01-$uriib

-

ON PROPRIETY BETWEEN THE SEXES

'ATA' ALLAH

ISMA'TL

MUUAMMAD B. MUUAMMAD Z A M ~ NAL-KASHANI:

:

K . 01-Nik* , his lectures compiled by MabrnCd al-Ashtiyini Edition : Tehran, n . d . 2.

' a q d 01-nik@

Siyagh-i N i k F b , Persian

MS:

D i r al-Kutub 19178 ( c a t . , I , p . 289)

'ABD AL-KARTM

f7 $iyagh

Majlis 8311 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, pp.183-4)

MUUAMMAD B ~ Q I RB. ( d . 1127):

Sharb k . 01-nikzb

MS:

DanishgZh 3514125 ( c a t . , XII, p.2528)

A L - M A J L I S ~ 11:

ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 9th c e n t u r y ) :

'IZZ AL-DTN

Siyagh-i n i k c b , Persian

MS:

Nurbakhsh 10816 ( c a t . , I

sirno' $owt a/-rnor'a l i ' I - r o j u l

MS: Majlis 433913 ( c a t . , XII, pp.38-9) Siyagh a / - n i k c h

MS: Majlis 532511 ( c a t . , XVI, p.236) RisZIo

fT bukm

MSS:

Princeton 1317 New Series (fols. 47b-64a);

01-nogar i / Z wojh al-ainobiyya

Waziri 374214 ( c a t . ,

MUUAMMAD JA'FAR AL-ASTARAB.%DT: Siyogh a / - n i k c b

MSS: DZinishg5h 406414 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3047); Rlar'ashi 154111 ( c a t . ,

A N I N T R O D U C T I O N TO

188

SHT'T LAW

IV, p . 343); JJujjatiyya 70318 ( c a t . , p . 122); GulpZyigZni 141611 ( c a t . , 11, p . 258); Milli 1 6 2 2 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 175) 4.

ALLAH

AL-MAY

AL-BADA'IQ:

$?.BIB -

Risiilo f7 b u r m a t 01-umm b i ' I k ' o q d ' o l o ' I - b i n t

MS:

ON LEGAL GUARDIANS

LUTF

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

-

ST :

~ l - w ~ t h i i wo ' i ~' I - ' i q i i l = RisZilo 01-war lahe b a ' d k i b a r i h i i

f7

AL-BIHBAHAN? -

'ALf N A Q ~A L - K A M A R A ' ~ :

fi wilZyot ai-ob wo ' I - [ o d d f i '1-nikiib MS: Majlis 33314 ( c a t . , X, p.1129) Risiilo

Al-Sawiirim a/-qiisimo l i - z u h i i r ol-jZmi'Tn b a y n b i n t o y n min w u l d Fiifima

MSS: Mar'ashi 345018 ( c a t . , IX, p.244); pp. 132-3)

f o s k h ol-zawjo ol-saghTro n i k i i b

MS: Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XXV, p.26)

Tustariyya ( c a t . , VI, p.395)

-

Niirbakhsh 43712 ( c a t . , 11,

:

RisZlo

fijowcz

MSS:

Radawi 8218 ( c a t . , V , p.431);

Risclo

f7

ol-jam'

b o y n FZ;timiyyotoyn

RawdZti (AB, XX, p.72)

b u t l i i n 01-'oqd ' o l o 'I-saghTro l i - o i l 01-mabramiyya

MSS: DinishgZh 5418111 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 5); 111, p . 9 1 ) ; Zanjini 7612 ( c a t . , p.222)

GulpZyigZni 1870.9 ( c a t . ,

AL-FAYO : Risiilo f i 'I-wilciya ' a l o ' I - b i k r f i 'I-tozwTi

MSS: Majlis 3818111 ( c a t . , X, p . 1844); Mar'ashi 140119 ( c a t . , IV p p . 176-7) MUJJAMMADJA'FAR B . 'ABD

ALLAH

BUSAYN A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ : -

Ghiiyot o l - i k h t i y i i r

f7 obkZm

m u n ~ k o b o ta l - k u f f c r

MS: Majlis 3781 ( c a t . , X, p.1768) -

AL-BUWAY Zf :

RisZIa f7 b u k m n i k e b a/-soghTra l i - g h o r o d mobromiyyot ummihc

Raaawi 259518 ( c a t . , 11, p . 118); Zanjzni 7618 ( c a t . , pp.220-1)

MSS:

Risiilo f i ' I - w o $ i y y o b i ' I - n i k c b

MS: AdabiyyZt 27513 KirmZn ( c a t . , p.42)

AL-KIRMANSHAH~ : min ol-jam' b o y n F i i t i m i y y a t o y n , in refutation of SZQib a1-BadZ'iq's a b o v e - ~ e n t i o n e dtreatise MSS: IIZhiyyZt 9812 A1 AqZ, 82812d ( c a t . , I , p.714, 11, p.22) Man' ol-man'

KIlALAF B. 'ABD A L - ' A L ~ A L - B A B R ~ N ~ :

fi wilZyot

RisZilo

MS:

ol-mii$F iloyh b i 'l-tozwTj f i ' I - n i k i i b

Mar'ashi 345019 ( c a t . , IX, p . 245) AL-QUMMi :

A L - S I I A R ~ F AL-!JUSAYN~ (12th c e n t u r y ) :

-

MS: DZnishgZh 559012 ( c a t . , XVI, p.41)

-

f7 wiliiyot al-ab f i ' I - n i k Z b

MS: Majlis 180416 ( c a t . , IX, p.321)

Risiila

f7

01-mabromiyyo, included

d o ' w 5 ol-mar ' a k h u l u w w o h i i ' o n ol-mZni'

MSS: Gharb 646122 ( c a t . , p.257); BurEjirdi (AB, XI, p.184)

MUJJAMMAD MAHDf AL-BUSAYNT AL-MASHHADT: Risiilo

Risiila f i 'I-aqd ' o l o 'I-7aghTro li,mujarrod

in his al-Rasc'il (see above, chapter 5)

F i i ' i d o f i wiliiyot ol-ob wo ' I - j o d d ' o l o ' I - b i i k i r a

Majlis 4298 ( c a t . , XI, p.313);

' A L ~B . MUBAMMAD (early 13th c e n t u r y ) : QZifi'ot ol-mirii'

'ALT B . M U ~ A M M A DB U S A Y N AL-SHAHRASTANT:

t7 tobqTq

m u j o r r o d 01-iddisc'

MS: Mar'ashi 3133 ( c a t . , VIII, p.362)

RisZilo f i 'I-wiliiya ' o l o ' I - b i k r

Edition: 5.

Tehran, 1320

ON LEGAL OBSTACLES

A L - K A R A K ~:

AL-SHAFT1 : -

f7 jowiiz 01-ittikijl ' o l i i qowl ol-nisii' f7 i n t i F ' mawiini' ol-nikEb Risiilo f7 burmat 'umm ol-mowfii' wo b i n t i h wa u k h t i h ' o l o ' I - w i i f i ' Both included in his Su '3 wo jowcb (see above, chapter 5) Risiilo

S h u r i i f 01-nikiib

MS: Mar'ashi 68014 ( c a t . , 11, p.273) ANONYMOUS (belonging to 10th c e n t u r y ) : Risiilo f i ' I - w o f y b i 'I-shubho

'ABD

ALLAH

AL-KIRM~~NSH~~H~:

Mas'olo f7 imro'o i ' t o a a d o t onna zawiahiitolloaahZfo-tozowwoiat thumma t a b o y y n 'odom 01-foliib

MS:

IIZhiyyZt 81913d ( c a t . , 11, p.20)

MS: DZnishgZh 696311 ( c a t . , XVI, p.412)

A L - K H W A J O ' ~: Risiilo

MS:

f7

'odam jowcz tozwTj ol-mu'mino b i ' I - m u k h 3 i f

Mar'ashi 114213 ( c a t . , 111, p.316)

Al-TohrTm b i 'I-musiihoro, a s a commentarv on t h e relevant discussion in al-'All~ma's i r s h k d 01-odhhiin Editions: Tehran, 1305, 1326, Tabriz, 1375 (all together with his

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

190

MS: Faydiyya 99311 ( c a t . , 111, p.47) 'ABD A L - R A S ~ LA L - F ~ R ~ ~ Z K ~ H ~ : Risiila T b u k r n ' o q d 01-inqifZ'

Edition:

RABAT

' o l o 'I-gaghTr ow 01-2aghTro l i ' I - m o b r o m i y y

T e h r a n , 1321

~ I U S A Y NAL-GOPXLPORT:

A/-Wol7za a/-'6gimo m i n s h u b h o t b u r m a t 01-jam' b a y n t h i n t o y n m i n w u l d FCtimo

Edition: Locknow, 1372

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

AL-MAJLIS~ I : Rip'ZiCiyyo, Persian

MSS: D i n i s h g i h 944110 ( c a t . , V, pp.1901-2); Majlis 4903117, 516813 ( c a t . , XIV, p.125, XV, pp.305-6); Radawi 6703 ( c a t . , V, p.445); Malik 1752 ( c a t . , 11, p.411); Waziri 99014 ( c a t . , 11, p.809); Faydiyya 34613 ( c a t . , 111, p.9); G u l p i y i g i n i 68613, 104612 ( c a t . , 11, pp.203, 224); Mar'ashi 7014, 371913, 303414 ( c a t . , I , p.84, VIII,p.2225, X, p.119); Milli 159813 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p.129) MUBAMMAD Mas ' o l a

AIJMAD

AL-ZANJAN~:

MuborromCt-i o b o d i y y o , Persian

Edition:

Qum, n . d .

6. ON FOSTER RELATIONSHlP

AL-KARAKI :

191

MS:

FAQIL B . MUIJAMMAD MANDf AL-MASHHADT

( d . a f t e r 1086):

'l-r!Q';'

f!

Radawi 278312 ( c a t . , V, p.456)

BUSAM AL-DfN 1094):

B . JAMXL AL-DiN A L - T U R A Y A ~ L~- N A J A F ~ ( d . a f t e r

'

A l - T o b z i r o a / - j a l i y y o f i ' I - m o s 6 ' i l 01-muhimmo 01-rip'?itiyyo

MSS: Milli 159812 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p. 129); IJakim ( s e e also AB, 111, p.317)

RisClo f i '/-rip';'

Edition: T e h r a n , 1313 (in the collection of 01-Rip'z'iyyct wo ' I - k h a r F j i y y a t ) Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 68017, 277312 ( c a t . , 11, p.274, VII, p.332); Majlis 4566113 ( c a t . , XII, p.264); T u s t a r i y y a ( A B , XI, p.192); S i p a h s i l i r 2533110 ( c a t . , V , p.54); Princeton 1399 New Series AL-QATiFf :

R i p ' c ' i y y o , Persian Edition: T e h r a n , 1313 ( i n t h e above-mentioned collection) MSS: Los Angeles M58712 ( c a t . , p.682); Masjid-i A'zam 3147

MUIJAMMAD HADf B . MUIJAMMAD

in refutation of al-Karaki's above-mentioned t r e a t i s e Edition: T e h r a n , 1313 ( i n t h e above-mentioned collection) MSS: D i n i s h g i h 704318 ( c a t . , XVI, p. 437) ; Radawi 7622 ( B i n i s h , p. 826) Risiilo f i ' / - r i p ' ; ' ,

ANONYMOUS(written in 931-74): RisClo f i '/-rip';'

MS: S i n i 28212 ( c a t . , 1 , p.141) IJUSAYN 5 . 'ABD AL-$AMAD: RisZila f i '/-rip'?

MSS: IJakTm, 2226 (AB, XX, pp.6-7); Majlis 516812, 613 TabZtabi'T ( c a t . , XV, p.305); Faydiyya 143012 ( c a t . , 111, p.91)

Risiila

f7m o ' r i f o t

~ H L I BA L - M A Z A N D A R A N ~ :

obkZim 01-rip'Z'

MSS: Mar'ashi 1409114, 371912 ( c a t . , I V , p. 190, X, p.119); Nawwib 27111 l a w ( c a t . , p.473) ABU 'L-IJASAN B . MUBAMMAD A L - ' A M I L ~ ( d . 1138):

TXHIR

A L - S H A R ~ FA L - F U T ~ N ~

RisZiio f i ' I - r i d 7

MSS: DZr al-Kutub 3326j ( c a t . , I , p.356); p.463); Mar'ashi 371911 ( c a t . , X, p.118)

DinishgZh 7135 ( c a t . , XVI,

ANONYMOUS (belonging t o mid-12th c e n t u r y ) : MosZ'il 01-rip'?

MS: Waziri 181912 ( c a t . , 111, p.1064)

MXJID AL-SHAYBXNT: RisZila f i 'I-rip'F'

= I t h b C t 01-burma n o s o b o n wa r i p ' c ' a n

MSS: DinishgZh 210514, 704317 ( c a t . , VIII, p.740, XVI, p.437)

MUVAMMAD B. 'ABD A L - K A R ~ MAL-TABATABA'? ( d . before 1168):

AL-BUR~JIRD~

Risiilo j7 r n o ' r i f o t obhiim a/-rip':'

MSS: D i n i s h g i h 110212, 1257137 ( c a t . , V , p.1902, VII, p.2677) Qo w i i b i l 01-rip';'

Edition: T e h r a n . 1313 ( i n t h e above-mentioned C ~ l l e c t i ~ n ) Selected MSS: Ridawi 2788 ( c a t . , V , p.467); Mashhad, l l Z h i y y i t 219 ( c a t . , I , p.130); Majlis 2724, 4900119 ( c a t . , IX, pp.53-4, XIV, p.61); D i n i s h g i h 681711 ( c a t . , XVI, p. 368); Mashhad, Adabiyyit 5912 F a "v-v i d. ( c a t . . D . 193) Translation: ~ e r s i a bi y ~ u l t i nBusayn al-WZ'iv al-AstarZbZdi ( d . a f t e r 1078), MS: DZnishgZh 5372 ( c a t . , XV, pp.4223-4) ~~

'ABD

AL-NABT

B . ABMAD

AL-BAJJRAN~

( d . a f t e r 1150):

~~

A / - R i p ' C C i y y o = 01-Rodd ' o l Z mZi u ' t u r i p ' b i h 'a15 QowZibit 01-rip';' MS: Baku MI40133 ( N o s h . , IX, p.241)

Rislila f i 'I-rip';'

MS:

Buriijirdi (AB, XI, p.192)

A/-RiQ'Z'iyyo

MSS: Masjid-i A'zam 3148; Mashhad, Adabiyyit 2513 F a y y i d ( c a t . , p.211)

AN INTRODUCTION TO

192

~ A W I BAL-BADA'IQ

SHT'T

LAW

MONOGRAPIIS ON CONTRACTS MUWAMMAD HASHIM A L - K H U R ~ S ; \ N ~ :

:

Koshf al-qin;', i n refutation of al-Dimid's l)awZbic 01-rip';' MSS: D i n i s h g i h 89111 ( c a t . , V , p . 1988): Majlis 5434122 ( c a t . , XVI, p.339); Los Angeles MI0612 ( c a t . , p.664)

RisZlo-yi rip'Z'iyyo, Persian Edition: Mashhad, 1340; T e h r a n , 1352 'ABD AL-HADi B .

AL-QUMMT

ISMA'TL

AL-vUSAYNf

A L - S H T R A Z ~:

Al-Rig';' , h i s lectures compiled b y Mubarnmad T a q i al-Tabrizi Edition: Najaf, 1372

Risiila f7 ip'rii' 01-ukht ukhtohZ a/-gughrZ, included in h i s Jowiirni' 01-rosii'il ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5)

AUMAD AL-ZANJAN~: MUBAMMAD ' A L ~A L - H A Z A R J A R ~ Bf :

Rip'z'iyyo, Persian Edition: Qum, 1368

Al-Rip'Z'iyyo MS: Malik 2137 ( c a t . , I , p.337)

ANONYMOUS: $ADR AL-D? N MUUAMMAD B . $ ~ L I AL-'AMILT I ~ AL-I$FAI-ILN~( d . 1263): S h a r b 01-Urjiizo 01-rip'ZSiyyo MSS: FaycJiyya 1105 ( C a t . , I , p.135); Majlis 545912, 642 T a b i t a b i ' i ( c a t . , XVI, p . 3 6 4 ) ; Mar'ashi 3724 ( c a t . , X, p.122)

R i s 3 o d a r rig';', Persian MS: Gawharshid 118711 ( c a t . , p . 123) 7. ON TEMPORARY MARRIAGE

AL-MUFTD: Riscilo d a r rip'ii' , Persian MS: Rurlljirdi (AB, XI, p.190)

Al-Miijoz fi '!-miit'o MSS: RaJawi 242'1 ( c a t . , 11, 11.6'1); Vatican 72012 Arabic ( c a t . , I

RisZIo fi 'I-rip'?' Edition: T a b r i a . 1375 ( t o z e t h e r with h i s a/-Makcsib) MS: FaycJiyya 99311 (cat., I I I , p . 4 7 )

kbridgement: p.1733)

b y al-Karaki ( d . 9401, MS: DinishgZh 288814 ( c a t . , X ,

AL-MURTAQL : Mos'alo fi nikiib

a/-mut'a, included in h i s S h o t 2 01-fowii'id

(see above,

c h a p t e r 5) RisCla fi 'I-rip'Z' MS: Gawharshid 38 ( c a t . , p . 361) ZAYN A L - ' ~ B I D ~ N B . MUBAMMAD ( d . a f t e r 1312): -

-

'ALT

FZ'ida fi 'I-mut'o MSS: D i n i s h z i h 2144 ( c a t . , IX, 11.806); Leiden 96713 Warn. ( c a t . . IV, p.117)

AL-SABZAWAR~A L - I ~ F A H A N ~

D u r r a t 01-durroyn MS: Mar'ashi 240412 ( c a t . , VII, p . 6 )

AL-KHwAJU'T: RisCla fT jaw& barn1 01-zawjo a/-munqofi'o min bolad ilii iikhir MS: Mashhad, Adabiyyit 2515 F a y y i a ( c a t . , pp.211-12)

Tubfat a/-olbiin MS: GulpZyigini 1627 ( c a t . , 11, p.155)

AL-KMUR~SANT: Risiila fi 'I-rip'ZC MSS: Majlis 271412 ( c a t . , IX, p p . 19-20); p p . 853-4)

AL BAIjR

Mos'alo fi 'I-ikhliil bi-dhikr a/-ojal fi "I-mul'o Edition: T e h r a n , 1318 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s D u r a r ol-fawii'id)

T u s t a r i y y a 34412 ( c a t .

AL-'UL~M:

Risiilo fi 'I-rip'ii' , included in h i s Bulghot 01-faqTh ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

AL-KHURASANT: Risiila fi 'I-rip'Z' Edition: B a g h d a d , 1331 (in h i s ShodhorZt) Commentary: b y Mahdi 81-Khiligi, edited Baghdad, 1331 ( i n h i s 01-DarZrT al-IEmi'iit)

8.

ON NUPTIAL GIFT

AL-MUFTD: RisZlo fi 'I-mahr MS: T u s t a r i y y a 7812 ( c a t . , p.831)

BAHA' AL-DfN AL-'T\MILT: Risiilo f7 jowiir man' 01-zowjo nafsohz 'an 01-zowj b a t t o taqbig' a/-mahr MSS: Majlis 1805155, 4900151 ( c a t . , IX, pp.357-8, XIV, pp.75-6); Diinishgih 91815 ( c a t . , V , p.1784); G u l p i y i g i n i 16 ( c a t . , I , p.136)

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHfCf LAW

194

Risiilo

MS:

f7

t o m o l l u k a / - m o h r ajmo' b i - r n u j a r r a d 01-'oqd

ON UNILATERAL OBLIGATIONS

Princeton 22919 Yahuda ( c a t . , p . 138)

AHMAD 8 . I B R ~ H ~BM . ' i S k B . DARWTSH AL-BAJJRiiNf ( d . a f t e r 1171): Risiila

MS:

f7

DIVORCE

i s t i b q i i q 01-rnahr i d h i i miit a h a d a / - z a w j o y n q a b l a / - d u k h i l

Princeton 22918 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.138)

AL-MURTAQA:

AL-QUMMT

:

Mas'aia f i 'I-talL7q aoithalZith b i - l a f z w i i b i d , included in h i s S h o t c t a / - f o w o ' i d ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

R ~ s i i l of7 mas ' o l a t 01-shii-bahii, included in h i s ol-RosZi'il a n d h i s Jawiimi' 0 1 - r o s i i ' i l ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5)

'ABD

AL-KARAKT

ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT:

Edition:

Qiyii' a/-'uqiil ol-dukhiil

9.

taicq aolyho'ib

. ~inishgih

AL-SHAI-ITDAL-THANT : Risiilo f7 t a i i i q aolbo'ig' wo ' I - y h i i ' i b , included in his M o j m i i ' o t 01i f i i d i i t ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5)

f7 b u k m 01-mahr o d h i i mot o b o d o i - z a w j a y n q a b i

Sidon, 1332

'ABD

ALLAH AL-TUSTART:

R i s i i l a f i ' I - t o / @ o l - r a j C T , included in h i s a / - R o s i i ' i l ( s e e above,

ON CHILDREN

c h a p t e r 5)

UUSAYN AL-QAZWTN~: R i s i i l a f7 b u k m mowt 01-wolad f7 b o f n u m ~ n i hwo b a y i i t i h ma' m a w t 01-umm

MSS:

f7

M S : S i p a h s i l i r 2919121 ( c a t . , V , p ,306); Shiraz

Najaf, 1344 (in h i s a / - l t h n i i ' a s h o r i y y o )

MUUSIN AL-AMTN A L - ' A M I L ~ :

Edition:

Risiiia

f7 i n t i ~ i i foolmahr b i ' I - m a w t q o b l 0 1 - d u k h i l

GhZiyot a / - s u ' i l

:

RarJawi 259517 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 1 8 ) ;

ABMAD A L - B A I ~ R ~( dN. ~1131): Risiiio fT o n n o 'I-yalqo wo ' I - t a l q o t a y n ha1 t a b q o b i 'I-tablTI ow ton 'adim

Zanjini 7617 ( c a t . , pp.220-1)

10. ON MAINTENANCE

MS: Princeton 229118 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139)

AL-KHWAJO '1 : -

M u ~ h i r01-rnukhtiir

f7

MSS: Mailis 532512 ( c a t . , XVI, p.2347); IlXhivvit 9813 A1 ( c a t . , I ; p.114, 11, p . 2 3 ) ; z a n j i n ( c a t . , p . i 4 3 )

La%. 82813d

-

f7 talZiq 01-war Princeton 1317 New Series (fols. 45b-46a)

FZi'ida

MS:

b u k r n 01-nikL7b ma' 01-i'siir

A l - F a r q b a y n 01-taliiq 01-raj'T wa ' I - b i i ' i n

MS: Mar'ashi 311212 ( c a t . , VIII, p.337) A L - Q U M M ~:

Mas ' a l o f7 n a f a q a t a / - z a w j a a/-mufg'ayo

MS:

-

I l i h i y y i t 81914d ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 0 )

MUWAMMAD B . Riszia

'LSHOR AL-KIRMANSHAHT

f7 n o f o q a t

:

a/-zawja

MS: Mar'ashi 257513 ( c a t . , VII, p . 164) MUWAMMAD Risiilo

MS:

BAQIR

B. MUJJAMMAD JJASAN A L - B ~ R J A N D ' ~( d . 1352):

f7 i ' s i i r aalzowj

Mar'ashi 341011 ( c a t . , IX, p.193)

-

R i s i i l a f7 i n f i r i i d o i - f o l t q bi-'iwag' 'on a / - k h u l ' , included in h i s a / - R a s i i ' i l a n d JawFmi' a i - r a s o ' i l ( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5 ) . u u k m a/-taliiq bi-da'w;

MS: -

a / - w i k i i l a ' a n a i - z a w j ma' i n k i i r i h

Mar'ashi 125919 ( c a t . , IV, p . 6 3 ) ;

Risiila

Zanjin ( c a t . , p.142)

f7 d a ' w i i a/-taiL7q ma' i n k i i r 01-zawja, included i n his a / - R a s i i ' i l

( s e e above, c h a p t e r 5) -

Risiilo

f7 i q r i i r 01-rajul b i - l a / @ z o w j a t i h

M : Mar'ashi 125918 ( c a t . , IV, p . 6 2 ) ANONYMOUS (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) : RisEiio

ti b u k m

t a i i i q m u d d a C T 0 1 - w i k a o ' a n 01-zawj ma' i n k i i r a l - z a w j ,

a s a commentary on al-Qumrni's second t r e a t i s e above MS: Faygiyya 137311 ( c a t . , 111, p . 8 7 )

AN INTRODUCTION TO

196

SAHIB

MONOGRAPHS ON UNILATERAL OBLIGATIONS

S H T ' ~ LAW

MANUMISSION

AL-MAQLBIS:

Moblogh 01-nozor wa notTjot a / - f i k o r = R i s i i l o f7 i q r o r a / - z o w j bi-yoir7q zawjotih MSS: D i n i s h g i h 182712 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 4 2 4 ) ; Princeton 373711 New Series; Faydiyya 1713 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1 ) ; Buriijirdi (AB, XIX, p . 5 7 )

f7 joi?iq

-

Risiila

MS: -

AL-QUMMi :

:

f7 lo1i;q

m u d d o 'T 01-wikiiio ' a n 01-zowj ma' i n k o r 01-zowj Fayaiyya 108915 ( c a t . , 111, p . 5 4 )

R i s l j l a /7 b u k m ~ u / b a q q 0 1 - r u j i ' f i '1-tolCq 01-roj'T MS: Mar'ashi 339311 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1 7 9 )

f7 $ u i b b o q q a / - r u j i i ' f i 'I-JalCq

MS: -

f7 ta1i;q

a l ' o b d , included in h i s o l - R a s 5 ' 1 l ( s e e above,

fT

t a m a l l u k a/-mamliik

MS: Mar'ashi 3401 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1 8 5 )

Risiilo

MS:

MUUAMIMAD T A Q ~AL-EIARAWi: RisZia

f7 m Z l i k i y y a t

chapter 5 )

MUIJAMMAD ' A L ~AL-SHAFTi:

MS: Mar'ashi 179812 ( c a t . , V, p . 1 8 4 )

-

RisZla

Ircihot a / - s h u k i k

MUUAMMAD S I ~ A F ' ~B. ' 'ABD A L - M A J ~ DA L - M ~ Z A N D A R ~ N ~ : RisZlo

Rawditi (cat., I , pp.72 f f )

RisZila d a r t a d b T r - I ' a b d , Persian MS: Diinishgiih 589414 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 1 3 6 )

01-bz'iq',

MS: Mar'ushi 2538115 ( c a t . , VI, p . 3 3 9 )

AL-SHAFTT

MS:

MUJJAMMAD ASHRAF B . 'ABD AL-JJASTB A L - ~ U S A Y N ~ :

IBN TAWQ AL-BAIJRA1i'i: Mos'oio

A d o b - i s a n i y y a , Persian

f7 i t l 5 f

a l ' o b d m51 01-mow15 wo j i n 5 y o t i h ' a l o y h

Mar'ashi 199511 ( c a t . , V , p . 3 6 6 )

a i - r o w j o bik'iwoq' m i n h a

CONFESSION

Diinishgih 371311 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2712)

U Z s h i y o ' a i i ; RisCirit ro1i;q o a i r o w j o b i - ' i w o q '

m i n h z , a commentary on

al-Qummils f i r s t treatise above MS: Dinishgiih 371312 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2 7 1 3 )

IJUSAYN B . 'ABD AL-SAMAD :

'ABD AL-UUSAYN B . ' A L ~AL-TIHRANT, SHAYKH A L - ' I R ~ Q A Y N ( d . 1286): M o s ' o l a f7 tawkT1 01-zowja f i ' I - & ~ l i i q q'imn ' o q d 1i;rim MS: Dinishgiih 77011 ( c a t . , V , p . 1 7 9 8 )

AL-QUMMT

AL-KHURASANT:

RisZila

:

f7 i q r c a / - r a j u l b i - f a l ~ i q z o w j o t i h ( s e e a b o v e , monographs on

divorce)

MaqClo f i "ito1i;q

Edition:

Risiila f i ' I - i a r z r , a s a commentary on t h e relevant c h a p t e r of al' A l l i i m ~ '~~o h ? i ' i d01-abki;m MSS: Diinishgih 91816 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1 8 6 5 - 6 ) ; Majlis 4900149 ( c a t . XIV, p . 7 4 )

B a g h d a d , 1331 ( i n h i s S h o d h a r o t )

~ A J ~ AL-MAQABIS: IB

MUHAMMAD BAQIR AL-DfRJANDf :

M o b l a g h 01-nocar ( s e e above, monographs on divorce)

RisFio f i ' I - r u j i i ' f i 'I-Ta1i;q Mar'ashi 341012 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1 9 4 )

A L - A N $ ~ :R ~

MS:

RisZia

f7 q c ' i d a t

man maiok s h o y ' o n molak 0 1 - i q r i i r b i b

Editions: T a b r i z , 1303 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s K . 0 1 - T a h Z r o ) , 1375 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s a / - M o k i i s i b ) Commentary: b y 'Abd Alliih al-Miimaqiini , edited Najaf, 1345 ( i n h i s

EXPIATION

a / - Q a l F ' i d 01-tham7na)

A L - M A J L I S ~ 11: RisClo d o r k o f t E r C t , Persian MSS: Mar'ashi 18714, 168313 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 0 6 , V, p . 7 8 ) ; 122315 ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 3 6 )

ABD A L L ~ HA L - M A M A Q ~ N: ~ Gulpiyigani

Risiila

f7

Edition:

i q r Z r ba'p' 01-worotha b i - d a y n wa i n k o r o o l b i i q i Najaf, 1344 ( i n h i s 0 1 - I t h n Z ' a s h a r i y y o )

197

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

198

OATHS AND VOWS

E

1. GENERAL

ON 'RULES'

ANONYMOUS (belonging to l o t h c e n t u r y ) : HUNTING AND SLAUGHTERING

Abkzm-i yamTn wa nadhr wo ' o h d , Persian

MS: Mar'ashi 304816 ( c a t . , VIII, p.267)

AL-MAJLIST

11:

RisZilo dor nadhr

MS:

, Persian

1.

FJUSAYN B . ROFJ

ZanjXn ( c a t . , p ,130)

AL-TABASi (late 10th c e n t u r y ) :

MS: Asafiyya 155 S h i ' i law ( c a t , , 11, p p ,254-5); XV, p.105)

RAP? AL-DTN B . MUBAMMAD NAB1 AL-QAZWiNi: MS:

ALLAH A L - F J U S A Y N ~

Shikiiynzmo = Sayd wo dhobzba, Persian

Gawharehid 1169 ( c a t . , p . 192)

Risiila f i 'I-nodhr

GENERAL

Wlalik 1644 (AB,

AL-SHTRWAN?; Risiilo dor $oyd wa dhabzba, Persian MS: FayrJiyya 166515 ( c a t . , 111, p.113); V, p.304)

JAMXL A L - D ~ NAL-KHCVXNSARY:

I g f a h i n , Adabiyyst ( N o s h . ,

RisZila f i 'I-nodhr

MS: 2.

Majlis 8412 K h u ' i ( c a t . , VII, p.388)

MUWAMMAD B. MUBAMMAD MS:

ALLAH AL-TUSTART:

RIQA A L - M H Z A N D A R X N ~( e a r l y 12th c e n t u r y ) :

Abkzm-i soyd wa d h o b z ' i b , Persian

MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XV, p.106) 'ABD AL-KARiM B. MUIJAMMAD HBDT AL-TABASi ( e a r l y 12th c e n t u r y ) :

Risiila dar nodhr-i mu'alloq b i - b a e d or marg, Persian

Tabsirat 01-ShT'a j7 abkzm a/-dhob7b0, Persian Tiflis 44012 ( N a s h . , VIII, p.221)

MS: Mar'ashi 331212 ( c a t . , IX, p . 9 3 ) A L - M U K H T A R:~ -

'Umdat 0 1 - n z ~ i rf7 'uqdot 01-nzdhir - Riscila j7 bullFn 01-nadhr 01mu'alloq bi-mi7 mo'd 01-mowt

MS: D i n i s h g s h 4002 -

MS:

MS:

MUIJAMMAD TAQT AL-NURf: RisEila f i "I-$ayd wa 'I-dhabzbo, Persian

MS:

( c a t . , XII, p.2991)

Inzrat 01-yurGs, a commentary on a sentence of t h e c h a p t e r on vow of al-Shahid al-Awwal's a/-DurCs 01-shar'iyyo

:

IJujjatiyya 612 ( c a t . , p.25)

'ALIAL-QLRPCIZABAD~: K . 01-Sayd wa 'I-dhabz'ih, Persian

Mar'ashi 338213 ( c a t . , IX, pp.159-60)

AL-SARAB

Masjid-i A'qam 3134

' A L ~B . BUSAYN A L - K A R B A L ~ ' ~ :

Risiila j7 anno 'I-nodhr hol yota'allaq b i 'I-mubcb, included in h i s 01-Rasz'il (see above, c h a p t e r 5)

MUIJAMMAD

(late 11th c e n t u r y ) :

K . 01-Sayd wa ' I - d h a b z ' i b

SPECIFIC

'ABD

RIPA AL-QUMMT

Edition: T e h r a n , 1288 2.

SPECIFIC

Risiila dar nadhr-i ta$adduq, Persian

MS: DZnishgSh 209119 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 716)

AL-MUFTD: Riszla

IT tabrTm dhabc'ib

Ah1 a/-Kitzb

MSS: S i p a h s i l i r 253317 ( c a t . , IV, p . 546); D i n i s h g i h 6914121 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 398) : Berlin 10276lfols. 43b-47 ( S e z g i n , I , p . 550); Mar'ashi 369411 ( c a t . , X , p.92) R~ L - B A I J R ~ ~( dN. ~a f t e r 952): MUWAMMAD B . ~ A R I T HA L - M A N $ ~ A Mas'ala j7 i s h t i r z t i s t i q r z r a/-boyzt f i 'I-dhabTbo

MS: Majlis 276117 ( c a t . , IX, p . 159) A L - A R D A B ~ L ?: Mas'alo f i 'I-dhibb = Riszla f7 k i E y a t basmolat a/-dhzbib 01-junub wa

A N I N T R O D U C T I O N TO

200

s ~ i ' LAW i

i n qogod qirci'ot i b d c 01-suwar o l ' o z c ' i m MS: T a b r i z , Q a d i ( N o s h . , V I I , p . 5 2 2 )

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES'

AL-KHwAJU'I: RisClo ji jowiiz 01-todiiwT b i ' I - k h o m r

AL-MUJTAHID:

MS:

R isiilo f7 bukm d h o b c ' i b A h l 01-Kltiib

MS:

A L - Q U M M ~:

Majlis 398817 ( C a t . , X , p . 2 1 6 5 )

RisClo f7 b u k m ol-anfibo a l - m o ' k h c d h a min 01-moyto, i n c l u d e d i n h i s Jowlirni' 01-rosii'il ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5)

BAHA' AL-DTN A L - ' A M I L ~ : Risiilo 7 j d h a b c ' i b Ah1 a / - K i t c b

E d i t i o n : T e h r a n , 1315 ( i n t h e c o l l e c t i o n of KalirnZt 01-mubaqqiqTn) S e l e c t e d MSS: GulpZyigXni 14616, 24513, 24313 ( c a t . , I , p p . 1 3 6 , 228, 2 2 9 ) ; DZnishgZh 94418, 311915, 444811, 587315 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1 8 7 9 - 8 0 , X I , p . 2073, X I I I , p . 3 4 0 6 , X V I , p . 1 1 7 ) ; ~ a r ' a s h i100316, 366712 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1 9 5 , X , p . 5 9 ) ; Milli 1391 A r a b i c ( c a t . , I X , p . 4 0 1 ) ; P r i n c e t o n 15114 New S e r i e s ; B a k u M140.25 ( N o s h . , I X , p . 2 4 0 ) MUJjAMMAD TAQT B . BUSAYN AL-NAQAWI A L - N A S ~ R A B A D ~( d . 1 2 8 9 ) : Risclo

Risiilo ji b u k m 01-safarjol 01-mughlc f i " I C o ~ Torl ' i n o b T qobl dhihCb 01-thuli~thayn

MS: 3.

f7

Edition:

fiburmot

XIV, p p . 104-5);

AL-AKHBARY :

f7 burrnot a / - g h a l y o n , P e r s i a n W a z i r i 13517 ( c a t . , I , p . 1 7 6 )

Risiila

ABU ' L - Q ~ S I MA L - R A P A W ~ AL-LAHURT Al-Jowiib b i 'I-gowiib

AL- MIL^ :

MSS: Majlis 18051110, 4 9 0 0 l i 0 9 ( c a t . , I X , p p . 3 8 3 - 4 , D i n i s h g Z h 169914 ( c a t . , V I I I , p . 2 5 1 )

Locknow ( A B , XX, p . 3 8 7 )

Edition:

ON T O B A C C O

RisCla fT burmot s h u r b 01-tutun wa ' I - q a h w o , i n c l u d e d i n h i s ol-FawC'id 01-TGsiyya ( e d i t e d Q u m , 1404)

A L - N A ~ ~ R A B A D T( d . 1295

d h o b z ' i b Ah1 a / - K i t Z b , U r d u

IlZhiyyZt 81911d ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 9 )

AL-BURR

Ah1 01-Kitzb, P e r s i a n Locknow ( A B , XX, p.387)

BANDA JjUSAYN B . MUUAMMAD AL-NAQAbVi Risiilo

'ABD ALLAH A L - K I R M A N S H ~ H ~ :

fT d h o b z ' i b

Edition:

M a r ' a s h i 114214 ( c a t . , 111, p . 3 1 6 )

MS:

(early 14th c e n t u r y ) :

d h o b t ' i b Ah1 01-Kitcb

ANONYMOUS ( w r i t t e n b e f o r e 1 2 5 7 ) :

L a h o r e , 1316

Risi;lo

MS: FOOD AND DRINK

f7 burmot

01-tonblik

M a r ' a s h i 7 5 0 . 8 ( c a t . , 11, p . 3 5 5 )

MUVAMMAD B . 'ABD

1. GENERAL

D u r r o t 01-oslcik

MS:

AL-WAHHAB A L - K A Z I M ~:

tib u k m

d u k h i i n 01-tonbiik

Uakim 386111

ANONYMOUS ( b e l o n g i n g t o 8 t h - 9 t h c e n t u r i e s ) : Khulcgot 01-bayen, P e r s i a n

MS:

4.

M a r ' a s h i 3008116 ( c a t . , V I I I , p . 1 9 2 )

RAPT

A L - D ~ N MUUAMMAD B . UUSAYN century):

AL-KHWANSAR~ ( e a r l y 12th

2.

NI'MAT ALLAH AL-JAZA'IRT: Musokkin 01-shujcn

MSS:

MZ'ida-yi somiiwiyyo, P e r s i a n

MSS: M a r ' a s h i 204 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 3 4 ) ; T a b r i z , Milli ( i b i d . )

ON EPIDEMICS

Majlis 1048 ( A B , X I X , p . 1 0 ) ;

SPECIFIC

f7 b u k m 01-firiir min a/-wabo' wa ' I - t o ' i i n

D i n i s h g Z h 587 ( c a t . , V , p p . 2 0 4 2 - 3 ) ;

p.566); 228-9)

Malik 1868 ( c a t . , I , p . 6 7 4 ) ;

S i p a h s i l i r 5551 ( c a t . , V ,

M a r ' a s h i 3442 ( c a t . , I X , p p .

BAIjR A L - ' U L ~ M : Risclo

MS:

iT

b u k m 01-firZr min 01-lC'iin

T e h r a n , Mu471 ( A B , X I , p . 2 0 8 )

AL-SHAYKH Mas ' a l n

fT

t o b r i i n 01-fuqqo' B o d l e i a n A r a b . f . 6 4 l f o l s . 92b-97b;

MSS: p.850);

Hakim 364;

T u s t a r i y y a 30018 ( c a t . , R a w a i t i ( g u j j a t i , p.627)

M ~ ~ J IAL-SHAYBANT: D RisZlo ji b i l l i y y o t 01-'inob wa 'I-zobTb a/-rnulqoyoyn f i ' I - k h i l l li-kasb 01-bumiiq'o

MS:

Mar'ashi ( A B , XI, p.177)

MUUAMMAD J A ' F A R A L - A S T A R A B X D ~ : S o j i n o t 01-nojlit

MS:

f7 b u k m 01-firzr rnin 01-wobz' wa ' I - t Z ' i i n

M a r ' a s h i 243712 ( c a t . , V I I , p . 3 1 )

AN INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'T

LAW

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES'

AL-RASHTT

USURPATION

:

K . / b y ; ' at-mowZit MS: T u s t a r i y y a 62212 ( c a t . , p.869)

1. GENERAL

A L - A N ~ A R T:

2.

SPECIFIC

K . a/-Gho$b

MS:

T u s t a r i y y a (AB, XVI, p.57)

MUUAMMAD JA'FAR B . MUBAMMAD BUSAYN AL-TIHRANi (late 13th century) : K . a/-Gho$b

MS:

FayrJiyya ( c a t . , 111, p . 2 0 )

MSS: karJawi'2443, 7618 ( c a t . , 11, p.69; B i n i s h , pp.784, 798); DZnishgih 695811 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 411); S i p a h s i l a r 339212 ( c a t . , 111, p l l ; Majlis 314718 ( c a t . , X , p.725); Mar'ashi 140913 ( c a t . , IV, p.186); G u l p i y i g i n i 146 ( c a t . , I , p . 136); FayrJiyya 1290113 ( c a t . , 111, p . 7 5 )

K . 01-Gho$b

MS:

K Z i r i z i y y o , Persian

T u s t a r i y y a ( A B . , XVI, p . 5 6 )

MS:

GawharshXd 1094 ( c a t . , p . 131)

MUJJAMMAD B ~ Q I RB . ZAYN A L - ' A B I D ~ N Edition: t e h r a n , 1322 MSS: Malik 2398 ( c a t . , I , ~ . 5 2 7 ) ; Majlis 335211 ( c a t . , X , p p . 1175T u s t a r i y y a (AB, XIII, p . 3i9)

AL-KHWANST\R?

( d . 1313):

Al-Nohriyyo

Edition: IgfahZn, 1377 MS: DinishgZh 183612 ( c a t . , VIII, p.431)

MUJJAMMAD TAQT B . MUJJAMMAD BAQIR AL-MASJIDSHAHT ( d . 1332): FOUND PROPERTY

RisZilo f i ' I - g h o j b

Edition: 2.

T e h r a n , 1327 K . 01-Luqoyo

SPECIFIC

MS: Ma'had 1295 ( c a t . , p . 112) ANONYMOUS: RisZila ,T a n n o h h a / yap'min g h e i b 01-khamr MS: DZnishgih 111812 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1899-900)

K . a/-Luqato

,

MSS: Majlis 37 TabZtabZ'T;

Masjid-i A'cam 11793

PRE-EMPTION INHERITANCE

AL-KHwAJU'I: 1. GENERAL

A/-Fusiil ti/-khomsa f i 'I-shuf'a

MS:

D i n i s h g i h 79111 ( c a t . , V , p.1961)

AL-SHAY KH: ~ 1 - f i i ; zf i " I f a r Z i ' i d

RECLAMATION

~ d i t i o n : ~ a j a f ,13'83 MSS: Milli 194319 Arabic ( c a t . . X , D. 920); Radawi 6039 ( c a t . . V p.372); JJakim 364 ( c a t . , I , p . 79); - ~ u s t a r i y y a ' 3 0 0 1 1 0 ( c a t . , p ,850); Mar'ashi ( U u j j a t i , p . 624); BurCjirdi 21813, 646 ( i b i d . )

1. GENERAL MUUAMMAD SA'TD B . Q ~ S I MA L - J J U S A Y NAL-TABATABA"~ ~ ( d . 1092):

AL-QUHPT\'T

RawQ' 01-jinZin

MS:

Faydiyya 2037 ( c a t . , I , pp.120-1)

MUBSIN AL-KHANFAR: K . /by:'

MS:

a / - m o w i i t , h i s lectures compiled b y Abii Tilib al-QZ'inT

Mar'ashi 1520 ( c a t . , IV, p.322)

MU'?N

A L - D ~ NA L - M I S R ~ :

A/-Mo'Cna 7 'j rnosZi'i1 01-m>i;th

MS: Masjid-i A'zam 308512 ANONYMOUS: RisZIo f i 'I-mowZir7th

MS:

Masjid-i A'cam 308514

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

204

NA$TR AL-DIN AL-TOST ( d . 672): -

-

AbE Ja'far Mubarnmad b . Mubarnmad b . Ijasan

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES' ANONYMOUS (written before 924): RisZla f i 'I-mTrZith

A / - B o y y i n Z t ,T t a b r T r 01-mowlirFth

MS:

MS: DinishgZh 768914 ( c a t . , XVI, p.672) -

J o w i i h i r 01-baqli'iq = 01-Farii'ip' 0 1 - N a ~ T r i y y a

Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 4 9 1 1 , 226412, 345712 ( c a t . , I , p p . 60-1, VI, p.248, IX, p.256); Milli 124712 Arabic, 79512f ( c a t . , 11, p.322, IX, p.232); Raaawi 2749, 5711 ( c a t . , V, p.470); Masjid-i A'cam 308515; Adabiyyit 7014d ( c a t . , p . 191); Dinishgih 768413 ( c a t . , XV p.670) Commentaries: ( 1 ) 01-Mas'ola a/-ni;fi'o l i ' I - m o b Z b i t h 01-jZmi'o li-aqsa a / - w Z r i t h , by al-Sayyid 'Amid al-Din, edited T e h r a n , 1315 (in t h e col lection of KolimZt 0 1 - m u b a q q i q i n ) , 1318 (together with a l - K h u r i s i n i ' s D u r a r 0 1 - f a r Z ' i d ) , MSS: Milli 79512f ( c a t . , 11, p.323); Majlis 271917 ( c a t . , IX, pp.42-3); Gulpiyigini 239712 ( c a t . , 111, p.245); Mar'ash 236213 ( c a t . , VI, p.345); ( 2 ) 01-Durra a / - d u r r i y y a , by Fakhr al-Din Ahmad b . Muhammad a l - S a b i ' i , MSS: Milli 79515f ( c a t . , 11, p.324); D i r a l - ~ u t u b20039 ( c a t . , I , p . 310); ( 3 ) by 'Abd al-vayy al-Ashra a l - J u r j i n i , MS: Milli 79517f ( c a t . , 11, p . 326); ( 4 ) by Abu '1-Was b . Abmad al-Abiwardi (mid-10th c e n t u r y ) , MSS: Milli 79518 ( c a t . , pp.326-7); Waziri 126413, 124312 ( c a t . , 111, p p . 904, 910); Tustari 85719 ( c a t . , p.877); Mar'ashi 226413, 9912, 236214, 47815 ( c a t . , I1 pp.83, 117, VI, p.248, 345); Dinishgih 781, 6262, 7176111, 717113 ( c a t . , V, pp.1936-8, XVI, pp.225, 474); Agafiyya 119 S h i ' i law (ca 11, pp.247-8); Sini 225 ( c a t . , I , p.105); Mashhad, Adabiyyit 5914 Fayyia ( c a t . , p . 193); Raaawi 6513 ( c a t . , V, p.458); ( 5 ) Persian, anonymous, MSS: Sin5 22516 ( c a t . , I , p . 106); Ilihiyyit 29311 ( c a t . , I , p.275); ( 6 ) by B a h i ' al-Din al-'Amili, MS: Raaay~i2359 ( c a t . , 11, pp.45-6); ( 7 ) b y 'Abd Allih b . Khalil ( d . after 1006), MS: S i n i 22518 ( c a t . , I , p.106)

Al-ForZi'ip'

MS:

T e h r a n , F a r h i d Mu'tamid ( c a t . , p . 223)

ANONYMOUS (written before 1039): RisZlo m u k h t o $ a r o f i 'I-mawZrTth

MS:

Masjid-i A'zam 308513

, Pe~sian Milli 196614f (Cat., IV, pp.453-4)

MowZrTth

MS:

ANONYMOUS (belonging to 10th c e n t u r y ) S h o r b k . 01-forz'ip' m i n a / - M u k t a g o r 01-nZfii'

MSS: Majlis 534014 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 252); Gawharshid 94011, 180811 ( c a t . , p.280); Buriijirdi, 2 MSS (AB, XIII, p.379, XIV, p.97)

RisZIo f i 'I-mowZrTth

MSS: Masjid-i A'zam 308516; Radawi 2757 ( c a t . , V, p.445); DinishgZh 7684 ( c a t . , XVI, p.670); S i n i 22517 ( c a t . , I , p.106)

'ALT B. M u J J Y ~ AL-DTN

AL-JAMI'T AL-'AMILT ( d . a f t e r 1008):

RisZla f i 'I-mii-Cth

MSS: Adabivvit 24318 Kirmin ( c a t . , u . 3 8 ) ; p.1258); ~ & c i ~148415 ~ a ( c a t . , 111, p . 9 4 )

R i s l i l a f i 'I-mawiirTth

Wazi1.i 234412 ( c a t . , IV,

BAHH' AL-DTN AL-'AMILi: -

IBN AL-MUTAWWIJ: Al-FarZ'iq'

'ALT B . WASAN A L - K H A T T ~ (early 9th c e n t u r y ) : A I-FarZ'iq'

MSS: Mar'ashi 345713, 2005, 236212 ( c a t . , IV, p . 8 , VI,-pp.343-4, IX, p.256); Gulpiyigini 199311 ( c a t . , 111, p.130); Igfahin, Danishgih 1705811 ( c a t . , p . 928)

AL-KARAKI : (see AB, VI, p 193-4) MSS: Dinishgih 164314 ( c a t . , VIII, p.220, see also XVI, p p . 369, 62 for MSS 681712, 756412); Majlis 505911 ( c a t . , XV, pp.20-1)

S h o r b m a b b a t h 01-mTrZth mln 01-Mukhto$ar 01-nZfi'

Al-ForZ'lq' a / - b o h Z ' i y y o , the chapter on inheritance of his 01-Hob1 01-matTn (see above, chapter 5)

Commentary: by Mubyi al-Din b . 'Abd al-Laiif al-Tami'i (11th c e n t u r y ) , MSS: Mar'ashi 111814, 2362110 ( c a t . , 111, pp.289-90, VI, p.346)

MS: Igfahin, Adabiyyit ( N o s h . , V, p . 302) -

R i s z l o f i 'I-mawo%Tth

MSS: ~ u l ~ i ~ i g111412 i n i ( c a t . , 11, p.227); p . 5 5 ) ; Waziri 106013 ( c a t . , 111, p.839) MUIjAMMAD

min a / - M u k h t o g o r a/-nZfiifi'

MS: Majlis 534011 ( c a t . , XVI, p.251)

Ragawiyya 8714 ( c a t . ,

QASIM AL-SAWIJi, KHUDABAKHSH( d . after 1033):

T u b a f a - y i RofT'T, Persian Selected MSS: Dinishgih 5822 ( c a t . , XVI, p p . 98-9) ; Milli 93912f ( c a t . , 11, p.479); Majlis 7455, 9396; Faydiyya 935 ( c a t . , 11, p.11); Gulpiyigini 95 ( c a t . , I , p . 95); Mar'ashi 99, 3100 ( c a t . , I , p . 117, VIII, p . 323); Masjid-i A'cam 340, 16543

MU'IZZ

AL-DTN AL-MOSAWT:

A l ' A s h o r a a/-kZmila

A L - S H A H ~ D AL-THANT : A l - H i i s h i y o '015 k . 01-forc'ip'

Majlis 271916 ( c a t . , IX, p.42)

~ (9th-10th c e n t u r y ) : MUJJAMMAD B. AUMAD B. A B TALIB

AL-'ALLAMA: MS: Masjid-i A'cam 308517

205

MS:

Mar'ashi 363011 ( c a t . , X, p.30)

208

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES'

A N INTRODUCTION TO SHi'f LAW MUUAMMAD

TAHA NAJAF ( d . 1323):

K . a/-lrth

Riscla f i 'I-babwa

MS: Diinishgzh 671113 ( c a t . , XVI, p.343)

Edition:

MUJJAMMAD JA'FAR AL-BUSAYNi AL-KASHANT:

Najaf, 1324 (together with his 01-lnziif)

'ABD ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT:

Risiila f i 'I-farii'ip'

Tubfat a/-gafwa

Edition:

Edition:

Tehran, 1315

Tabriz , 1320

3. ON WIFE'S SHARE Risiila dar i r t h , Persian

MS: Mar'ashi 326511 ( c a t . , IX, pp.53-4)

A L - S H A B ~ D AL-THANY : Risiila

HADT AL-TIHRANT: Riscla f i ' I - i r t h

MUJJAMMAD

MS: Majlis 275511 ( c a t . , IX, p . 142)

mTrcth 01-zawja, included in his Majmii'at a/-ifcdiit (see above,

'ALT A L - R A Q A W ~(late 11th c e n t u r y ) :

Risiila dar i r t h a/-zawja = Risiila f7 birmcn aolzawja ' a n ba'p' matriikiit a/-zawj, Persian

AL BABR AL-'ULUM:

MS: DinishgZh 3514126 ( c a t . , XII, p.2528)

Risiila f i 'I-mawiTrTth, included in his Bulghat a/-faqTh (see above,

chapter 5)

AL-KHWAJO 'i :

MUJJAMMAD HASHIM AL-KHURASANT : Risiila-yi i r t h , Persian Editions: Mashhad, 1340; Tehran, 1352, 1381 (with al-Khumaynits footnotes) 2.

ii

chapter 5)

RisZla

f7

i r t h 01-zawja

MSS: Mar'ashi 114211 ( c a t . , 111, p.315); Diinishgzh 710313 ( c a t . , XVI, p.455) MUBAMMAD T A Q ~A L - N U R ~ :

ON RIGHT OF PRIMOGENITURE

Risiila dar ~ r t h01-zawja, Persian (see AB, XI, p.55)

MS: RisTila f i 'I-babwa wa abkiimihz, included in his Majmii'at 01-ifcdiit (see

AL

above, chapter 5)

JJujjatiyya 612 ( c a t . , p.25)

BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M : Risiila

f7

~rth 01-zawja, included in his Bulghat a/-faqTh (see above,

chapter 5)

AL-SHTRWANT:

SHAYKH A L - S H A R ~ ' A :

Risiila dar bob wa, Persian

MS: Faydiyya 1665121 ( c a t . , 111, p . 113); IgfahZn, Adabiyyiit ( N o s h . , V, p.304); Diinishgiih 7008120 ( c a t . , XVI, p.427)

-

lbiinat 01-mukhtiir bi 'I-khiyiir

f7

i r t h 01-zawja min thaman a l ' i q i i r b a ' d 01-akhdh

MSS: DiinishgZh 262711 ( c a t . , IX, p.1502); pp.843-4) Riscla f i 'I-babwa

Siycnat a/-lbcna ' o n wagmat 01-rifeno

MSS: Mar'ashi 114212 ( c a t . , 111, p . 315); Diinishgiih 710314 ( c a t . , XVI, p.455)

MSS: Diinishgiih 262713 ( c a t . , IX, p.1503); p p . 844-5)

IBN TAWQ AL-BAURANT :

'ABD

Mar'ashi 2358114 ( c a t . , VI, pp.338-9)

MUJJAMMAD B.

'ASHOR AL-KIRMANSHAHT

Majlis 325513 ( c a t . , X ,

ALLAH A L - M A M A Q ~ N T:

A/-Mubiikama bayn 01-'alamayn t T far' 'adam i r t h a/-zawja min 01-ariifl Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in his a / - l t h n i i ' a s h a r i y y a )

Jawiib mas 'ala ' a n 01-babwa

MS:

Majlis 325511 ( c a t . , X,

:

Risiila f i 'I-babwa

4.

MISCELLANY

MS: Mar'ashi 257512 ( c a t . , VII, p . 164)

'ALT

B.

RIQA ZL

BABR A L - ' U L ~ M :

Rislila f i 'I-babwo

Edition:

Tehran, 1290-1 (together with his 01-Burhen 01-qiiti')

Sharb 01-mas'ala a/-nahbiyya, a commentary on a question of the chapter on inheritance of al-'Alliima's Qawii'id 01-abkiim (see above, chapter 5)

A N INTRODUCTION TO

210

/

SHI'TLAW

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES'

ANONYMOUS (written befor 1040):

211

MUUAMMAD BASAN B. MUJJAMMADT A Q ~( d . a f t e r 1267):

S h a r b mos'olo min rnasZ'il m i r Z t h 01-QowZ'id, a commentary on anothe

K . 01-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt

question of al-'Allima's above-mentioned work (see above, chapter 5)

MS:

Los Angeles M904 ( c a t . , p.321)

AL-QUMM~: RisZlo f7 onnoh idhZ mZt obad wo ' o l o y h doyn ow w a ~ i y y ofa-ha1 yantaqil 01-toroko ilo 'I-warotho om I F , included in his a/-RosZ'il and JowZrn;' 01-rasZ'il (see above, chapter 5)

'ABD

-

ALLAH AL-KIRMXNSHAHT:

Mas'ola

MS:

f7

-

i r t h man qatal wolodoh k h a f o ' o n

-

Ilihiyyzt 81915d ( c a t . , 11, p.21) ARBITRATION

K . 01-QodZ', his lectures compiled by

Muhammad Taqi al-Tunukibuni MS: Mar'ashi 1992 ( c a t . ,V, p.363) K . 01-QodZ', another collection of his lectures compiled by JJusayn b . Muhammad Basan al-Musawi al-Dsrb Imimi MSS: Radawi 2526 ( c a t . , 11, p . 9 6 ) ; Majlis 169 Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, p.217)

AUMAD AL-FAYPT:

1. GENERAL

AL-QUMMT

K . 01-QodZ' MSS: Ma'had 1352 ( c a t . , p.116); Faygiyya 99311 ( c a t . , 111, p.47); Majlis 403 Tabitabz'i ; Gawharshid 78511 ( c a t . , p ,369)

A/-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt :

MS:

RisZlo f i ' I - q o d Z ' , included in his ol-RosZ'il and JowZmi' 01-rosZ'il

Gawharshid 38 ( c a t . , 361)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 13th c e n t u r y )

(see above, chapter 5)

K . 01-QodZ'

AJJMAD AL-KIRMANSHAHT :

MS: Fayaiyya 99312 ( c a t . , 111, p.47)

MonZhij 01-obkZm (see AB, XXII, p.340) MSS: Ilihiyyit 112-13 A1 Aqi (cat., I , p.804)

'ALT AKBAR A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ : Risiilo

f7 boyZn abkZm oolqodZ'

MS: Milli 1783117 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p.368) QoniidTl 01-'osjadZt

'ALT AL-KANT

MSS: Mar'ashi 2355, 2600 ( c a t . , VI, p . 330, VII, p . 185); Radawi 7038 ( c a t . , V, p.475);

K , 01-QadZ' = TobqTq a / - d o l Z ' i l

Editions: Tehran, 1304, 1317 MS: Gharb 110311 ( c a t . , p.289)

AL-MUJ~HID: K . 01-QodZ' MS: Gawharshzd 594 ((Cat., c a t . , p.370)

A L - R A S H T ~: K . al-Qod6'

AJJMAD AL-NARAQT:

I

K . 01-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt

MS: Biqiriyya (AB, XVII, p.140) MUJJAMMAD Q U L ~B. MUBAMMAD

AL-KANTURT

( d . 1260):

AbkZrn 01-'idZlo 01-'Alowiyyo, Persian

Edited (AB, I , pp.299-300) BASAN

:

AL KXSHIF AC-GHITA':

Al-SilZb 01-mZq7

MSS: Dinishgih 700111 ( c a t . , XVI, p.424); fradawi 8218 (Binish, p . 846); Adabiyyit 13911 Kirmin ( c a t . , p ,401; Mahdawi 81012 ( c a t . , p . 128) ANONYMOUS (belonging to mid-13th c e n t u r y ) : Al-YonZbbT'

MS: DZnishgZh 3054 ( c a t . , X , p . 1996)

Edition: Qum, 1401 .MSS: Mailis Majiis 3275. 3275, 335212. 335212, 5309, MSS. 5309. 37 Tabztabz'i, 45 ~ T a bbiittaabbi 'ii ' i ( c a t . , ( c a t . , p.469); 'Abd al-'A~im 328 (cat., pp.883-4, 1175-6, XVI, p.225); .'Abd xX ,, pp.88i-4, cat., DXnlshgZh 671112 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 343); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 800 ((Cat., DXnishrZh . 29) 1s Angeles M645 ( c a t . , p.321); p . 321); Ustadi ( c a t . , p p.29) I , pp.221-2); Los IJUSAYN

QULT

AL-HAMADANY:

K . a/-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MS: Tustariyya (AB, IV, p.372)

AL-XSHTIYANT

:

K . 01-Qap'Z' Edition: Tehran, 1327 MS: Faydiyya 1608 (Cat., I , p.203)

AL-KHURASANT

:

K . 01-QodZ', his lectures compiled by his son, Muhammad b . Mubarnmad Kizim al-Khurisini

212

AN INTRODUCTION TO

SHT'T

LAW

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES'

MSS: DZnishgZh 151111 ( c a t . , V, p . 1 8 3 2 ) ; JJuquq 273j ( c a t . , p . 1 6 0 ) ; Malik 6270 ( c a t . , I , p . 1 6 1 ) ; Radawi 8533 ( B i n i s h , p . 9 5 3 )

AL

213

AL-'ULUM:

BAUR

Risiilo f7abkiim ol-da'cw7, included in h i s B u l g h a t ol-faq7h ( s e e above,

Q I Y A ' AL-DTN

chapter 5)

AL-'ARAQT:

K . a/-Qap'ii'

Editions: Najaf, 1357, 1361 -

MobcnT Tokmilot 01-Minhiij Edition: Najaf, 1395-6

K . 01-Qap'c', h i s l e c t u r e s compiled b y 'Ali a l - u u s a y n i al-NlilZni Edition: Qum, 1401-3

ON JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

AL-SHAHID AL-AWWAL: Mosc'il tozi7bum a / - b u q i i q

MS:

tto'cqub 01-ayiiu7

Moqclo

fi

Edition: 3.

2.

f7

Risiila

Editions: Najaf, 1357, 1361 ( t o g e t h e r wlth h i s K . 0 1 - ~ a p ' c ' )

'1 :

AL-KHU

T e h r a n , Mudarris Radawi (AB, XX, p . 3 4 0 )

'I-doCcwT

Najaf, 1345 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s S h a r b T a b s i r a t 0 1 - m u t o ' o l l i m ~ n )

ON WITNESS

Risclo f i ' / - : i d c / o = Risiilo f i m o ' r i f a t 01-kobc'ir MSS: DZnishgih 539713, 2144139, 696312, 288815, 101513 ( c a t . , V , pp.1496-7, IX, p.828, X, p.1733, XV, p.4239, XVI, p . 4 1 2 ) ; Majlis 433917 ( c a t . . XII. D. 4 0 ) ; Radawi 3538, 7615 ( c a t . , 11, p . 9 0 , V, p . 4 4 2 ) ; ~ a r ' a s h ii40914 (cat.., IV, p . 1 8 6 ) ; Adabiyyiit 28212 KirmZn ( c a t . , p . 4 3 ) ; Los Angeles M451 ( c a t . , p.241)

BUSAYN B . 'ABD AL-QAMAD: Risiila f i ' I - ' i d c l a

Risi7lo f i ' I - s h i y c '

MSS:

T u s t a r i y y a 300115 ( c a t . , p . 8 5 1 ) ; $;bib

al-Dhari'a

(AB, XI,

p . 153)

MSS: SipahsZliir 746112 ( c a t . , V, p . 3 1 4 ) ; Mar'ashi 44414, 144514 ( c a t . , 11, p . 4 8 , IV, p . 2 3 2 ) ; Diinishgiih 701912 ( c a t . , XVI, p.431) ; Ilihiyyiit 56115d ( c a t . , I , p.329)

AL-MUJTAHID: Risiila

MS:

f7

tan&ue a/-rawjoyn

fimote'

01-bayt

Mar'ashi 278513 ( c a t . , VII, p.348)

RisZila f i ' I - k a b c ' i r SipahsiilZr 2919120 ( c a t . , V , p . 4 2 3 )

MS:

BAHA' AL-Df N A L - ' X M I L ~:

fT toni7zu'

ol-zawjayn t i q a d r 01-mohr MSS: Mar'ashi 251912 ( c a t . , VII, p p . 1 0 4 - 5 ) ; Radawi 2438, 7211 ( c a t . , 11, p . 7 0 , V, p . 4 2 6 ) ; Majlis 455314 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2 3 6 ) ; Baku MI40169 ( N o s h . , IX, p . 2 4 4 ) ; Astiina 835313 ( c a t . , p p . 2 0 3 - 4 ) ; DZr al-Kutub 33263' ( c a t . , I , p.401) Commentary: b y t h e a u t h o r , MS: Raoawi 229 law ( c a t . , 11, p . 7 1 ) Risiila

AL-BAURANT

AUMAD

:

Risclo f i ' I - d o ' w c ' o l o 'I-mayyit MS: Princeton 229110 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.138)

Risiilo f i ' / - ' i d c / o

MS: Diir al-Kutub 21230 ( c a t . , I , p.376) MUVAMMAD

IBRAI-ITM B . MUBAMMAD M A ' S ~ MA L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ :

RisZila f i ' I - f a r q b o y n a / - g a g h c ' i r wa ' I - k o b c ' i r MS: Majlis 1803112 ( c a t . , IX, p.302)

$AVIB

A L - ~ A D A ' I Q:

Ris?ila f i ' I ' i d ~ l o MS: Los Angeles MI0613 ( c a t . , p.664)

AL-KHwAJO'T: Risclo

MS:

f7

jaw% muqcs$at ol-munkir low bolof ~ a r ' a s h i198712 ( c a t . , V , p.358)

A L - Q U M M ~: RisZila

MS: AL-QUMMT : Risela fT taniizu' 01-zawjayn f i mote' a l - b a y t , included in h i s 01-Rasc'il and Jowiimi' o l - r a s c ' i l ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5 )

'ALT

Riscla

fi

Edition:

B.

SULTAN

d a ' w c 01-'ayn T e h r a n , 1304

AL-TALIQANT:

me y u ' t a b o r f i 'I-shahiSdo

MUUAMMAD M A H D ~B . MUUAMMAD SHAFT' A/-Mu'todil

MS: NAZAR

fT tobqTq

~ a r ' a s h i125917 ( c a t . , I V , p . 6 2 )

fT boy%

AL-ASTARABADT:

baqTqata1-'idi7la 01-shor'iyya

Ustiidi ( c a t . , p . 5 1 )

214

Editions: Tabriz, 1303 (together with his K . a/-Tahiiro), 1375 (together with his a/-Mokiisib) MSS: Dznishgih 695613 ( c a t . , XVI, p.411): Milli 194518 Arabic ( c a t . X

- - 2

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES1

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

n fi27) r-.--.,

Commentaries: ( 1 ) by 'Abd Allih al-Mimaqini, edited Najaf, 1345 ( i n his al-Qoiii'id 01-tham7no); (2) b y F a t t i b al-Shahidi, edited Tabriz, 1375 (together with his Hidiiyot a/-tiilib)

AL-KHU

'i :

Mahiin? Tokmiloi 01-Minhiij ((see above, general works on arbitration)

K . 01-vudi7d

Edition:

ANONYMOUS: Risiilo d a r 'idclot, Persian MS: Gawharshid 168514 ( c a t . , p . 152) NACAR ' A L ~AL-TALIQANT: Risiila f7 ishtiriil busn a/-riihir Edition: Tehran, 1304 MUUAMMAD BUSAYN

t 7 qobiii 01-shahiido

AL-KHWANSAR~:

Risiila fi 'I-'idiilo MS: Mar'ashi 3041121 ( c a t . , VIII, p.250)

AL-KHURASANT

MS: ~ a r ' a s h i310012 ( c a t . , VIII, p.323)

:

Maqiilo fi 'i- 'idiila Edition: Baghdad, 1331 (in his Shodhoriit) PENAL LAW AL-ABTWARD~: RisFla dar diyiit wa qi$ii$, Persian MS: Dinishgih 724215 ( c a t . , XV, p.497) AL-MAJLIS~ 11: Risiilo dor budiid wa diyiit, Persian Edition: Tehran, 1262 MSS: Mar'ashi 2831, 496, 251313, 652 ( c a t . , 11, pp.105, 249, VII, p.99, VIII, p . 3 6 ) ; Faydiyya 21012 ( c a t . , I l l , p . 8 ) ; GulpiyigZni, 3 MSS ( c a t . , 11, p.63); Milli 185419 ( c a t . , IV, p.317)

fatTm wa zawio wo 15 y a r f l a/Risiilo f7 man qutil 'on umm wa ~ a b T wzlida ill5 bi 'I-qigiig , included in his Jowiimi' a/-rasii'il <see above, chapter 5)

YDSUF B . 'ABD AL-FATTAU AL-TABATAB.X'~A L - T A B R ~ Z (d. ~ 1242): Musawwid a/-khudiid f7mosii'il a/-budiid MS: Mar'ashi 251311 ( c a t . , VII, pp.98-9) MUUAMMAD JA'FAR

AL-ASTAREBADI:

Risiilo d a r budiid wo qisii$ wa diyiit, Persian MS: S i n i 618 ( c a t . , I , p . 399)

Qurn, 1399

215

Bibliography

BIBLIOGRAPHY An a s t e r i s k beside t h e name of a book in i h c list below means t h a t wherec v e r the name of i t s a u t h o r i s given in a reference without lnentioning a specific work b y him, it r e f e r s to t h i s particular work marked with t h e asterisk.

ADABIYYAT

(ABBASIYYA

-

al-Maktaba ai-'Abbasiyya, B a s r a Catalogue: MokhtEliit a/-Maktaba oi-'Abbiisiyya fi '1-Bogra, b y 'Ali al-Khaqini , in Mojallat a/-Majmo' o i ' i l m T a/-'lriiqT, VIII-X (1961-3)

-

:

-

'ABBAS -

-

AL-QUMIMi ( d . 135911941): A/-Fawii'id oi-Rop'awiyyo, T e h r a n , 1367 q A/-Kunii wa 'I-oiqiib, Sidon, 1357-8 q Sof7nat 01-bibcr, Najai, 1352-5 q

= Kitibkhzna-yi Danishliada-yi Adabiyyit wa 'Ulum-i l n s i n i y i Danishgih-i T e h r a n , Tehran Catalogues: Fihrist-i nuskhohiiy-i khaflT-yi Kitiibkhiino-yi Diinishkodo-yi Adabiyyiil, b y M.T. Dinishpazhiih, T e h r a n , 1960 Fihrist-i nuskhahzy-i khatf7-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Diinishkoda-yi Adobiyyiit, majmE'a-yi imiim Jum'o-yi Kirmiin, b y M.T. Diilishpazhiih, T e h r n a , 1965 Fihrist-i nuskhohiiy-i khallT-yi KitiibkhCno-yi Diinishkodo-yi Adobiyyzi, mojmii'a-yi waqf7-yi 'AT A j g h a r uikmat, T e h r a n , 1341 s h

A F A N D ~= 'Abd Allah b . 'Tsi al-Igfahani ( d . around 113011718): Riyiid 01-'uiomii' , Qum, 1401 q -

'ABD ALLAH A L - J A Z A ' I R ~( d . 117311759-60): Ai-DhokhTro 01-bCqiya, lMS 1916129, Majlis L i b r a r y , T e h r a n 'ABD ALLLH AL- TUN^ ( d . 107111660-1): Risiiio /7 joiiit 01-jum'a, MS 128 K h u ' i , Majlis L i b r a r y , T e h r a n ( p p 12-97)

'ABD AL-'AziM :KitZbkhina-yi Astana-yi Wadrat-i 'Abd al-IAvim, Rayy Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhohiiy-i khatiT-yi KitZibkhZino-yi Asliina-yi imiimziido 'Abd oi'Agjin-i HosonT d o r shahr-i Royy, b y M . T . Danishpazhiih, i n Noshriyyo-yi Kitiibkhiino-yi Markor?-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran d a r bCrroyi nuskhohiiy-i khaffT, 111 ( T e h r a n , 19641, p p . 61-83, 427-80

BUZURG AL-TIIIRAN~ ( d . 138911970): A/-DharT'o ilZi iosiinTf 01-ShT'o, Tehran a n d Najaf, 1353-98 q

AGHA

ABMAD = A l p a d b . Mubamrnad b . u a n b a l ( d . 2411855): Al-Musnad, Cairo, 1313 q

' A L ~B . MUBAMMAD AL-'.&MIL~ ( d . 110311691-2): A/-Durr 01-manthcr, e d . A. a l - u u s a y n i , Qum, 1398 q A/-SihZim a/-miiriqo, MS 1576, Mar'ashi L i b r a r y , Qum

-

' A I ~ L A M A = Jam51 al-Din u a s a n b . YCisuf b . al-Mutahhar al-uilli ( d . 7261 -

'ABD A L - J A L ~ L AL-QAzwTNT ( 6 t h I l 2 t h c e n t u r y ) : A/-Noqp', e d . J . Mubaddith Urmawi, T e h r a n , 1358 s h

-

1325): Tp'5b'o/-ishtibiih, T e h r a n , 1319 q Khuiiijat a/-oqwiil = RijCi ooi'Ail5ma 01-UiiT, Najaf, 1961 Mobiidi' a/-wugiil iiZi 'iim oi-USE/, e d . 'A.M.'A. al-Baqqil, NajaS, 1970 Mukhlolof ol-ShT'o, T e h r a n , 1324 Q Muntahii a/-mofiob, T e h r a n , 1333 q Nihiiyot 01-wujEi ilii 'ilni 01-ujEi, MS 1908 MarcashT L i b r a r y , Qum Tobgirot 01-muto'oiiimTn, e d . A. a l - u u s a y n i a n d H . al-Yusufi, Qum, n.d. TohdhTb 01-ugiil, T e h r a n , 1308 q TabrTr a/-abkiim ai-shor'iyyo, T e h r a n , 1314 q

~ D AL-MAJ~D: 'ABD AL-MAJTD M A I ~ M 'ABD Ai-IttijChiit oi-fiqhiyyo 'ind Agbiib oi-uodTlh fi 'I-qarn oi-thiilith oi hijrT, Cairo, 1979

-

'ABD AL- NAB^ AL-JAZA'IRT ( d . 102111709-10): A/-iqtijiid f7 s h o r b ai-lrshiid, MS 588612, Majlis L i b r a r y , T e h r a n

-

ABU 'L-'ABBAS AL-WARRANT ( d . 74511344-5): A/-Musawwada f7 ugEi oi-fiqh, e d . M . M . 'Abd al-yamid, Cairo, 1964

AMBROSIANA = Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milano Catalogue: Cotoiogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Bibiiateca Ambrosiono, b y Oscar Lofg'ren a n d Renato T r a i n i , Vicenza, 1975-81

ABU

AMTN AL-ASTARABAD~

'ALi = Mubammad b . I s m i ' i l al-Mizandarini al-8i'ii.i 1800-1) : Muntahii a/-maqiii f7 'iim 01-rijiii, T e h r a n , 1300 q

2 10

( d . 12151

ABU 'L-UUSAYN A L - B A ~ R ? ( d . 43611044): A/-Mu'tamod f7 ugiji 01-fiqh, e d . M. Hamid Allah, Damascus, 1964-5

ABO M A N ~ U RA L - T A B R I S ~ ( c a r l y 6thl121h c e n t u r y ) : A 1 Ibtijiij '015 oh1 oi-iojiij, e d . M.B. a l - K h a r s i n , Najaf, 1966 ABU 'L-QASIM B . WASAN A L - Y A Z D ~ ( m i d - l 3 t h l l 9 t h c e n t u r y ) : Torjomo-yi fiirsT-yi SharZi'i' a/-lsiiim, e d . M.T. Dinishpazhiih, Tehran 1346-53 s h

-

-

-

-

* -

= Mubammad Amin b . Mubarnmad Sharif ( d . 10361 1626-7): Diinishniirna-yi shiihT, MS 4668111, Central L i b r a r y , University of Tehran A/-Fowii'id a/-Modoniyya, Tabriz , 1321 q JowZib masii'il oi-shaykh v u s a y n oi-ZohTrT a i ' x m i T , MS 106714, Central L i b r a r y , University of T e h r a n

A M ~ RAL-MU'MIN~N = Maktabat al-lmim Amir al-Mu'minin alk'iimma, Najaf Catalogue: ( C h a n d nuskho-yi kholti o r ) Moklaboi 01-lmiim AmTr a/Mu'minTn olk'xmrno d a r Nojof, b y M.T. D i n i s h p a z h u h , in Nashriyya-yi KitiibkhZin'no-yi MorkazT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran d o r bZiro-yi nuskhohiiy-i khaftT, V ( T e h r a n , 19681, pp.409-19 ANJUMAN-I TARAQQT-YI URDU, Karachi Catalogue: MokhfEfZit-i Anjuman-i ToroqqT-yi U r d i i , b y S . F . ' A . Radawi , Karachi, 1967

220

AN INTRODUCTION TO

~ ~ 7 LAW ' 7

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A N S ; ~ R= ~Murt:,$R b . Muhammi?d .bin 31-Tustari ( d , 128111864): AI-Rosii'il = Farii'id 01-u$lil, T e h r a n , 1296 q

889-94):

-

A R D A B L? ~ = Ahmad b . Mubammad, al-Muqaddas ( d . 99311585) : Mojmo' 01-fii'ido wo 'I-burhiin , T e h r a n , 1272 q

bi? c h a n d nuskha-yi kholiT, b y 1.1. Mudarrisi Tabmtabi'i a n d R . Ust;?di , Qum, 1396 q

BENGAL = T h e Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Catalogue: Colalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Collection of the Royal Asiatic Sociely of Bengol, b y W.1vanow a n d o t h e r s , Calcutta, 1939-51

'ASQALANT

= Shihab al-Din Abmad b . 'Ali b . Ijajar ( d . 85211449): A/-Motiilib 01-'iiliyo, e d . E l . al-A'zami, Kuwait, 1971 -

ASTANA

= Kitibkhzna-yi AstZna-yi Muqaddasa-yi Qum, Qum Catalogue: Fihrist-i nusokh-i khoffT-yi Kitiibkhi?no-yi xsti?no-yi Muqoddoso-yi Qum, b y M . T . Danishpazhuh, Qum, 1355 s h

BERLIN = Staat Bibliothek, Berlin Catalogue: Verzeichniss d e r Arobischen Handschriften d e r Koniglichen Dibliotliek zLi Berlin, b y W. Ahlwardt, Berlin, 1887-99

( d . 51011117):

B I B L I O T H ~ Q U ENATIONALE ( P a r i s ) : Catalogue: ( I ) Catalogues des manuscrits Arobes, b y M . Le Baron d e Slane, P a r i s , 1883-95 (11) Catologue d e s monuscrits Arabes d e s novelles acquisitions, by E . Blochet, P a r i s , 1924

BAGHDADT

= t h e private collection of Sayyid Mubarnmad al-Baghdsdi, Najaf Catalogue: Makhfliyiit maktobat . . . a/-sayyid Mubammod o1kBoghdi;dT a/-HasonT, b y M.H. al-Amini, Najaf, 1964

B I H B A H A N ~ = Mu~ammadBZqir

B A H A ' AL-DIN AL-'AMILi ( d . 103011621): -

Mashriq a/-shomsoyn, T e h r a n , 1321 q ( t o g e t h e r with t h e a u t h o r ' s 01-Hob1 a/-matTn) Al-Wo/7zo, Qum, 1396 q Zubdot 01-uslil. . . T e h r a n , 1319 4

-

-

-

BAJJRANT -

-

= Yiisuf b . Abmad b . I b r i h i m , S i h i b al-IjadZ'iq ( d . 118611772) A/-uodii'iq 01-niiCiira, e d . M . T . a l - i r a w i n i , Najaf, 1377 q Al-Koshkiil = AnTs 01-musiifir wo j a r s aalbiiQ'ir, Bombay, 1291-2 q Lu'lu'ot a/-bahrovn. . , , Bombav. " . n.d.

~~~

BODLEIAN = The Bodleian L i b r a r y , Oxford Catalogues: - ( I ) Bibliothecoe Bodleionoe Codicum Monuscriptorum Orientolum . . . Cotalogus, b y J . Uri, O x f o r d , 1787; (11) Cotologi Codicum Monuscriptorum Orientalium Bibliothecose Bodleianoe, P a r s Secundo, Arobicos Complectcns, b y Alexander Nicoll, Oxford, 1835 (111) Catologue of the Persion,Turkish,HindDstiin?, o n d Pushtii Monu s c r i ~ t sin the Bodleion L i b r a r y , b y E d . Sacllau a n d Hermaiin Eth6, p a r t I ( t h e Persian ~ a n u s c r i p t s,) O x f o r d , 1889

= I b r i h i m b . Mubarnmad ( d . 127711860-1):

Hiishiyat Fotb 01-qorTb = Hiishiyo 'a15 s h o r b a/-'olliimo l b n Qiisim 01GhazzT 'alii moln ol-shoykh AbT Shujii', Cairo, 1285 q BANKIPORE = Oriental Public L i b r a r y , Bengal Catalogues: - Arabic: Miff?% 01-kuniiz a/-khofiyyo,by Mawlawi 'Abd al-Ijamid, Patna 1918-22 - Persian: Mir'tt 01-'uiGm,by Mawlawi 'Abd al-Khalliq S a h i b , P a t n a , 1925

BAQIRIYYA

= Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yl B i q i r l y y a , Mashhad

B A R Q ~= Abu Ja'far Ahmad b . Muhammad b . KhZIid al-Qummi ( d . 274-801

b . Mubarnmad Akmal, al-WaQid ( d . 12051 1791): A/-Fowii'id o l C o t T q o , T e h r a n , 1279 q ( t o g e t h e r with Mulpmmad Ijusayn al-Igfahini's a/-Fugiil a/-Chorowiyyo, p p . 431-66) TobqTq f i 'I-qiyiis, MS 45813, Mar'ashi L i b r a r y , Qum To'lTaiit monhoi a/-maoiil, . . T e h r a n . 1307 a. ( t o -g e t h e r with Muhammad b . 'Ali ; I - ~ s t a r i b ~ d i 'Manhoj s 01-moqiil)

B ~ N I S HT, : Fihristi-i olifbii'T-yi nuskhohiiy-i khorfT-yi Kitiibkhtno-yi iTstiino-yi Mnchhnrl. T - e h r a n . 1351 s h ( i n Fihrist-i nuskhahiiv-i khattT-vi d u kitiibkhiino-yi ~ o s h h o d ,t h e second volume of ~ o j m i i ' o l ~fihr;;t-j i nuskhahiiv-i khotlT-vi .. kittbkhZnohiiv-i shohrostiinhiiv-i I r a n , p p . 563-f080)

BAHR A L - ' U L ~ M= Muhammad Mahdi b . Murtad;? al-Tab;?tab;?'i ( d . 12121 1797): A/-Fowii'id 01-rijiiliyyo = Rijiil 01-soyyid B a h r a l ' U l i i m , Najaf, 1965-7

BAJURT

e d . J . Muhaddith U r m a w , T e h r a n , 1370 q A/-Rij3, e d . J . Mubaddith Urmawi, T e h r a n , 1342 s h ( t o g e t h e r with Ibn D;?wiid1s K . 01-Riji?l

B A Z A N T ~= Abu J a ' f a r Abmad b . Mubarnmad b . Abi Nagr ( d . 2211836): Jiimi' 01-bozanjT, a p a r t of it which i s i n s e r t e d in I b n I d r i s ' s 01-Sorii'ir, p p . 477-8 ( T e h r a n , 1270 q )

ZSHNA 'j = AshnF'T

-

* A/-Mahiisin,

BAYHAQ? = Abii Bakr AQmad b . v u s a y n al-Naysibiiri ( d . 45811065): A/-Sunan , H y d e r a b a d , 1354-6 q

~~AFIYY = Agafiyya A L i b r a r y , H y d e r a b a d , Deccan Catalogue: Fihrist-i Kutub-i 'Arab7 wo FiirsT wa Urdli makhzlino-yi Agafiyyn, b y Tagadduq Uusayn al-Miisawi al-Naysabiiri al-Kantiiri, H y d e r a b a d , 1347-57 q

BAGHAWi = Abii Mubammad ljusayn b . Mas'iid al-Farr;?' MogiibTI) a / - s u n n o , Cairo, 1318 q

221

1I

BRITISH LIBRARY (London): Catalogues : (Rieu) Supplement to the Cotologue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the B r ~ t i s hMuseum, b y Charles Rieu, London, 1894

BIBLIOGRAPHY -

(11) A D i s c r i p l i v e L i s t of t h e A r a b i c Manuscripts A c q u i r e d b y t h e T r u s t e e s of t h e B r i t i s h Museum since 7895, b y A . G . Elliss a n d E . E d w a r d s , London, 1912

DIZFULT

= Mubarnmad b. Faraj Al&h al-QiQi ( 1 3 t h l l 9 t h c e n t u r y ) : FiirEq 01-boqq, T e h r a n , 1316 q ( t o g e t h e r with Kishif al-Ghiti'ls 01-Uaqq a / - m u b i n )

BRUNSCHVIG, R . : 'Les u s i j l 01-fiqh Imamites a Leur stade ancien (Xc e l XIe s i s c l e s ) ' , in Le ShTCis,nelmomafe ( P a r i s , 19701, pp.201-13

DURUST B. ABT MANSOR

BUHAR

FARHLDMU'TAMID

= t h e B u h i r L i b r a r y , Imperial L i b r a r y , Calcutta Catalogue: Calologuc of t h e A r o b i c Manuscripts i n l h e BEhiir L i b r o r y , b y Shams alE'Ulami' M . HidZyat v u s a y n KhZn B a h i d u r , Calcutta, 1923

CAMBRIDGE = t h e University L i b r a r y , Cambridge A D c s c r i p l i v e Cotologue of t h c O r i e n t a l Manuscripts b e l o n g i n g t o t h e Late E . G . B r o w n e , b y Edwa1.d G. Browlle a n d Reynold A . Nicholson,

Cambridge, 1932 CONGRESS = t h e Library of C o n g r e s s , Washington Catalogue: F i h r i s 01-mokhrijJiit 0 1 - ' A r o b i y y o t7 Moktobol 0 1 - k u n g h r e s s , b y 5 . al-Munajjid, B e i r u t , 1969 DACCA = t h e Dacca University L i b r a r y , Dacca Catalogue: T h e Persian, U r d u a n d A r o b i c M a n u s c r i p t s i n t h e Docco U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y , b y A.B.M. Habihullah, Dacca, 1966-8

DAMAD

:Mubarnmad B i q i r b . Shams al-Din Mubarnmad a l - u u s a y n i a l - A s t a r i b i d i ( d . 104011630-1): A/-Row&hib 01-samFwiyyo, T e h r a n , 1311 q

DANISHGAH -

KitZbkhina-yi Markazai wa Markaz-i Asnid-i D i n i s h g i h - i T e h r a n , Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i khottT-yi K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i MarkazT-yi D i i n i s h ~ i i h - i T e h r o n , b y M.T. DZnishpazhiih and 'A.N. Munzawi, T e h r a n , 1330-57 s h Microfilms: F i h r , s t - i mTkruf7lmhiiy-i K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i MorkozT-yi Diinishgiih-i T e h r o n , b y M . T . Dinishpazhiih, T e h r a n , 1348 s h

(2nd18th c e n t u r y ) :

= t h e private collection of F a r h i d Muetamid, Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i k i t F b k h E n o - y i F o r h i i d M u ' t o m i d , b y M . T . Dinishpazhiih a n d Gh. R . Farziinapiir, in N a s h r i y y a - y i K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i MorkazT-yi Diinishgiih-i T e h r o n d a r b i i r o - y i n u s k h o h F y - i k h a l J T , I11 ( T e h r a n , 1964), p p . 141276

FARHANG = KitZbkhZna-yi 'Umiimi-yi F a r h a n g wa I ~ I u n a r ,Mashhad Catalogue: ' F i h r i s t - i k u t u b - i khalJT-yi K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i Farhong wa H u n o r , b y R . S h i k i r i , Mashhad, 1348 s h FAYQ = Mubammad b . M u r t a a i a l - ~ Z s h a n i ,known a s Mubsin al-FayP ( d . 109111680): A / - u o q q 01-mubTn, e d . J . Muhaddith Urmawi, T e h r a n , 1390 q ( t o g e t h e r with t h e a u t h o r ' s a/-Ugijl a/-os'ila) MofiitTb 0 1 - s h o r i i ' i ' , e d . ' I . al-Musawi a l - B a h r i n i , Vol.1, B e i r u t , 1969 Al-Mahoiio a / - b a v d i i ' , e d . 'A.A. al-GhaffZri , T e h r a n , 1339-42 s h - A I - U ~ ~o/-aSTlo; I i d . J . Mubaddith Urmawi, T e h r a n , 1390 q A/-Wiif7, T e h r a n , 1323 q FAYQIYYA = KitZbkhZna-yi Madrasa-yi FayQiyya, Qum Catalogue: F i h r i s l - i n u s k h a h i i y - i khatfT-yi K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i Modaroso-yi Fayp'iyyo, b y R . U s t i d i , Qum, 1396q FU'AD SAYYID: F i h r i s ol-mokhfij&it 01-mu$owwaro, Mo'hod I b y i i ' 01-Mokhfijfiit ol' A r o b i y y o , Cairo, 1954 -

:

DANISHPAZHOH,M . T . : His introduction t o t h e 4th volume of Abu '1-Qisim b . Basan al-Yazdi's Torjarno-yi S h o r i i ' i ' a/-lsliin7, T e h r a n , 1353 s h

AL-WAS IT^

K i t & D u r u s t b . AbT M o n z i j r , T e h r a n , 1371 q ( i n t h e collection of a/-U$El 01-sittot ' o s h o r , p p . 158-69)

BURUJIRD~

= Maktabal Madrasat al-sayyid alkBuriijirdi, Najaf Catalogue: M o k h t i j t i i t Moktabot Modrasot a / - s o y y i d 0 1 - B u r G j i r d i , b y A . al-uusayni , in h i s DoiTl 01-MakhJZliit (Qum, 1397 q ) , pp.4-43

223

F U S ~ L= FugEl k h a l a r b i ' I - b i i l bTn rnufiilo'at k i t i i b 01-tohzro, ills 2647,

M a r e a s h i L i b r a r y , Qum

F U T ~ N T = Abu

'1-uasan b . Muhammad T i h i r al-Sharif al-Nabiti alk'Amili ( d . 113811725-6): TonzTh 01-QummiyyTn min 01-matii'in, Qum, 1328 s h

GAWHARSHAD = Kitibkhina-yi Masjid-i G a w h a r s h i d , Mashhad Catalogue: F i h r i s t i - i K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i Jiimi'-i G a w h o r s h i i d , b y 'A. N i i r i n i a n d K . M . S h i n a c h i , in F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i k h o J t T - y i chahiir k i t i i b k h i i n a - y i Moshhad, t h e f i r s t volume of Mojmij'o-yi f i h r i s t - i nuskhahiiy-i k h o l t i - y i kitiibkhiinohiiy-i shahrastiinhiiy-i Iran (Tehran, 1351 s h ) , pp.57-435

D ~ AL-KUTUB R (Cairo): - Catalogue: F i h r i s t a/-makhtijyFt, b y P u ' i d S a y y i d , Cairo, 1 9 6 1 2 General catalogue: F i h r i s 01-kutub a / - ' A r o b i y y o , Cairo, 1924-59

D i i ~ l M i= AbG Murammad 'Abd AllZh b . 'Abd al-RaQmZn al-Tamimi alSamarqandi ( d . 2551869): S u n o n , Damascus, 1349 q

GHARR = KitZbkhZna-yi Gharb , Hamadin Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i k h a t t T - y i K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i G h a r b , b y J . Maqgiid, T e h r a n , 1.397 q

DIHIiHUDA = SZzmin-i Lughatnima-yi D i h k h u d i , Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i k i l i i b k h i i n o - y i Siizrniin-i Lughotniima-yi D i h k h u d i i , b y M . T . Danishpazhiih, in N o s h r i y y o - y i K i t i i b k h i i n i i - y i MarkozT-yi Diinishgiih-i T e h r o n d a r b i i r o - y i n u s k h o h i i y - i k h a t t T , 111 ( T e h r a n , 1964 p p . 1-59, 387-426

GHAZALT -

-

= Abii kIZmid Mubarnmad b . Mubammad al-TGsi ( d . 50511111): I b y i i ' ' u l E m 01-dTn, Cairo, 1312 q A / - M u s t a g f i , Cairo, 1356 q

AN INTRODUCTION TO

224

s ~ i ' LAW i

GHAZZi = Shams al-Din Mubarnmad b . Qisim, I b n al-Gharabili ( d . 9181 1512): F a t b a/-QarTb ol-Mu/7b 7 j s h a r b a l f i z 0 1 - T a q r r b , e d . L.W.C. Van D e n b e r g , Leiden, 1894

GULPAYIGANT = Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Gnlpiyigani , Qum Catalogue:

. .

.

F i h r i s t - i n u s k h a h i i y - i khagLT-yi K i t i b k h i i n a - y i 'UmijmT-yi GulpiiyiyigiinT, b y A . B u s a y n i and R . U s t i d i , Qum, 1357-61 s h

BAKiM = Maktabat al-Imim al-Bakim alheAmma, Najaf Catalogues: -

F i h r i s t makhgijliit Maklabat a/-lmiim 01-uak%

a l C ~ m m ab,y M . M . Najaf,

BIBLIOGRAPHY BURR -

-

F i h r i s t m a k h r i i f i i t 01-shoykh Mu_hammod a/-RashtT a/-muhdiit 115 Maktabat 01-lmiim a / - p a k i i n a l ' A m m a , b y A. a l - g u s a y n i , Najaf, 1971

~ A K I MA L - N A Y S ~ B ~ =R Abii ~

'Abd Allih Mubarnmad b . 'Abd AllZh

( d . 40511014-15) Al-Mustadrak

'Abd Allih Mubarnmad b . 'Ali b . JJasan ( d . a r o u n d 3201932): Nowijdir o l - U S E / , B e i r u t , n . d .

JJALABi = Abu '1-galib T a q i al-Din b . Najm al-Din ( d . 44711055-6): A/-Kiir'T, MS 44111, Mar'ashi L i b r a r y , Qum - Taqril6 01-ma'iirif, MS 2263, Mar'ashi L i b r a r y , Qum JJASAN AL-SADR ( d . 135411935): To '57s al-ShT'a l i - f u n i j n a / - l s l i i m , B a g h d a d , 1951

JJAYDAR, ' A L ~ : D u r a r 01-Dukkijm, s h a r h 01-ohkiim, translated from T u r k i s h into . Maiallat .

Arabic b y Fahmi al-Jjusayni , ~ a ~ h d aandd B e i r u t , n . d .

, Tehran,

JJUSAYN B . 'ABD AL-$AMAD AL- MIL^ ( d . 98411576): - A l - ' I q d a / - V u s o y n T , e d . J . al-Mudarrisi, Yazd, n . d . -

fl

Maqiila

w u j i j b a / - i f t i j ' wa bayiin a / - b a q q ' o l i i k u l l man ' a l i m b i h ,

MS 168613, FayGiyya L i b r a r y , Qum Risiila

iT

bukm 01-bugr wa ' I -bawiirT, MS 1836112, Majlis L i b r a r y ,

Tehran Risiilo

IT tabqTq

ba'p' 01-mas~?'il 01-fiqhiyya, MS 596013, Majlis L i b r a r y ,

Tehran -

-

T i s ' a masij'il, MS 1805153, Majlis L i b r a r y , T e h r a n Wugiil a / - a k h y i i r i l i i ugiil 01-akhbiir, T e h r a n , 1309 q

JJUSAYN A L - K A R A K ~( d . 107611665-6): Hidiiyat 01-abriir i l i i larTq 01-A 'im,ma a / - a y h i i r , MS 327811, Mar'ashi

' a i a 'I-SabTboyn, H y d e r a b a d , 1340 q

~ A K T MA L - T I R M I D H ~ = Abii

( d . 110411693):

1376-89 q

Najaf, 1969 -

*

AL-'AMIL~

Amal a l - h i / , e d . A . a ? - g u s a y n i , B a g h d a d , 1965 Wosii'il a!-ShT'a, e d . A . R . a l - R a b b i n i a n d M . al-RZzi

L i b r a r y , Qum BUSAYNIYYAT

KASHIF AL-GHITA', Najaf

IBN 'ASAKIR = Abu '1-Qisim 'Ali b . JJasan b . Hibat Allah al-Dirnashqi ( d . 57311177-8): Torjimat a/-lmiim 'AIT b . AbT T i j l i b ' a l o y h 01-saliim min T o ' r T k h maaTnot Dimashq, e d . M.B. al-Mabmiidi , B e i r u t , 1975

IBN A L - A T H ~ R= Majd al-Din Mubarak b . Mubarnmad al-Jazari al-Shaybani ( d . 60611210): Jiimi' a/-uzE1, Cairo, 1368 q

AL-BARRAJ = QZGi 'Abd al-'Aziz b . Nibrir al-Shimi ( d . 48111088): AI-Muhadhdhab, MS 44112, Mar'ashi L i b r a r y , Qum S h a r b Jumol 01-'Ilm wa ' I ' o m a l , e d . K . M . S h a n a c h i , Mashhad, 1974

IBN -

-

BAYDARIYYA = Khizinat al-Rawaa al-JJaydariyya, Najaf Catalogue: F i h r i s t mokhgEg5t KhizZinot 01-Rawp'o a / - u a y d o r i y y a , b y A. a l - u u s a y n i , Najaf, 1971

IBN DAWUD = T a a i al-Din Hasan b . 'Ali b . Diwiid al-Billi ( d . a f t e r 70711307): K . 01-Rijiil, e d . J. Mubaddith Urmawi, T e h r a n , 1342 s h

HAYTI-IAM~ = Niir al-Din 'A17 b . Abi Bakr ( d . 80711404-5): Majma' a / - z a w i i ' i d , Cairo, 1352-3 q

IBN FAHD = Abu '1-'Abbas ( d . 84111437-8): -

IJIMYARi = Abu 'I-Qisim 'Abd Allih b . J a ' f a r al-Qummi ( 3 r d l 9 t h c e n t u r y ) Qurb a/-isniid, Tehran, n . d . JJUJJATi, M.B.: BarrasT-yi i i t h i i r - i S h o y k h - i TEST wo g u z i j r i s h - i n u s k h o h i i y - i khagfi-yi i j n h i i , in YiidnZima-yi S h a y k h - i TZsT, 111 (Mashhad, 19761, pp.590-676

BUJJATIYYA = KitibkhZna-yi Madrasa-yi JJujjatiyya, Qum F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i j y - i khotfT-yi KitZibkhiina-yi Madroso-yi u u j j a t i y y o ,

b y R . U s t i d i , Qum, 1354 s h

.

A

A

i q t ~ & i d i - y ~~ i n I s h & h - l T e h r a n , T e h r a n Catalopue: F i h r s i t - i n u s k h o h i j v - I khattT-VI K i t i i b k h i i n o - v i Diinishkado-vi ~ u q i i d .. . , b y M.T. ~ Z n i s h & z h i i h , - T e h r a n , 1961

-

Abmad b . MuPammad b . Fahd al-Asadi al-Villi

Al-Muhadhdhab a l - b i i r i ' , MS 275, Mar'ashi L i b r a r y , Qum AI-Muqtozar min s h a r b a l - M u k h t o z a r , MS 2524, Mar'ashi L i b r a r y , Qum

IBN kIAZM = Abii Mubarnmad 'Ali b . Abmad al-Qurtubi ( d . 45611064): A l - l b k i i m f7 u ~ i i al / - a b k i i m , e d . A.M. S h i k ~ r ,Calro, 1345-8 q

-

wa ' I - r a ' y wo ' I - i s t i b s i i n wa 'I-LaqlTd wa Mulakhkhog ibJZil ol-qiyiis ' I - t a ' l T I , e d . S . a l - A f g h i n i , Damascus, 1960

IBN I D R ~ S= Abii 'Abd Allih Muhammad h . Mansiir b . Ahmad b . I d r i s al-'Ijli al-JJilli ( d . 59811202):' A / - S o r i j ' i r 01-b5wT 11-tabrTr a/-fatow?, T e h r a n , 1270 q IBN A L - J A W Z ~ = Abu '1-Farai 'Abd al-Rabmin b . 'Ali al-Qurashi a1 BaghdZdi ( d . 59711201) : Maniiqib 01-lmiim Abmad b . u a n b a l , Cairo, 1979

AN INTRODUCTION TO

226

SHT'T

IBN AL-NADiM = Abu '1-Faraj MuPammad b . IsbZq al-Warrzq al-BaghdZdi (late 4thllOth c e n t u r y ) : A / - F i h r i s t , e d . R. Tajaddud, T e h r a n , [ 19711 IBN Q U D ~ M A= Muwaffaq al-Din 'Abd Allih b . Abmad al-Maqdisi ( d . 6201 1223-4) : TabrTm 0 1 - n o ~ o r ,G k u t u b ah1 a/-kaliim, e d . G . Makdisi, London, 1962 IBN SA'D = A b i 'Abd Allih Mu~ammadb . Sa'd KZtib al-WZqidi ( d . 2301844-5): K . 01-Toboqzt al-kobii-, e d . E. Sachau and others, Leiden, 1904-15 IBN SHAHRASHDB = Rashid al-Din Muhammad ( d . 58811192): Mo'iilim 01-'ulomii', e d . ' A . Iqbzl, Tehran, Mothiiliib a / - N o w i i ~ i b ,MS Nigiriyya Library, Mutoshiibih 01-Qur'iin, e d . &al-Mugtafawi , IBN

TAWUS

(d.

-

b . 'Ali 31-Sarawi 1353 q Lucknow Tehran, 1369 q

.

= Radi al-Din 'a17 b . Miisi al-Hasani al-Husavni al-Hill? "

66411265-6'):

IBN ZUHRA = Abu '1-MakZrim Bamza b . 'Ali b . Zuhra al-Balabi ( d . 5851 1189-90) : C h u n y a t o l - n u z u ' , Tehran, 1276 q (in t h e collection of a/-Jowimi' a / - f i q h i y y a , p p . 523-626)

ILAHIYYAT

A L - I M ~ MA L - M A H D ~ = Maktabat al-Imim al-Mahdi, S i m a r r i ' ( I r a q ) INDIA OFFICE, London: Catalogues: -

JA'FARIYYA = at-Maktaba al-Ja'fariyya, Madrasat &Hindi, KarbalZ' Catalogue: [ C h a n d nusho-yi khattT a z ) K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i J o ' f a r i y y o , h y M . T . DZnishpazhih, in N o s h r i y y o - y i K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i MorkozT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dor b&o-yi n u s k h a h i i y - i k h a t t T , V (Tehran, 19681, p p . 434-7

!AM/' A U ~ D T T H

A L - S H T ' A , Qum, 1399 q (Vol. I )

JAWAD AL-%MILT

( d . 122611811):

Miftiib 01-koriimo, e d . M . al-Amin

JAWADAYN

JAZA'IRT -

al-'Amili , Cairo-Sidon-Tehran, 1324 q

= Maktabat al-Jawiclayn, KZgimiyya ( I r a q )

= Ni'mat Allzh b . 'Abd AllZh al-Miisawi ( d . 111211710): 01-Nu'mzniyyo, e d . M. :A. al-Qadi al-Tabitabi'i , Tabriz,

* Al-An wiir 1382 q

-

Monba' a / - b a y i i t

f7 b u j j i y y o t qowl 01-mujtohidii7 min a/-omwiit, MS 276114,

Majlis Library, Tehran

KALBAST

= Muhammad Ibrihim b . Muhammad Basan al-IgfahZni ( d . 12621

1846) :

Shawtriri' a / - h i d i i y o , MS

i?1 7 4

(temporary), Mar'ashi Library, Qum

K A M A R A ' i = 'AIi NaqT b . MuPammad Hishim al-Igfahini ( m i d - l l t h i l l t h century) : Risiila dor i t h b i i t - i luziim-i w u j i i d - i mujtahid d o r ram%-i

ghaybat-i

KARAJAKT

= Abu '1-Fatb Mubarnmad b . 'Uthmin ( d . 44911057-8): Konz o l - f o w i i ' i d , Tabriz, 1322 q

K A R A K ~= Niir al-Din 'AIi b . 'Abd al-'AW al-'Amili ( d . 94011534): TorTq i s t i n b 3 ol-obkiim, e d . ' A . al-Fadli, Najaf, 1971 KASHAN, R A Q A W ~= Kitibkhina-yi Ayat Allih Radawi, K i s h i n Catalogue: Nuskhohzy-i khattT-yi K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i A y o t Alliih Rop'owT dor s h o h r - i K c s h i n , by M.T. D i n i s h p a z h i h , in N a s h r i y y o - y i K i t ? b k h z n o y i MarkazT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dar b z r a - y i nuskhahiiy-i k h o t t T , VII ( T e h r a n , 1353 s h ) , p p . 29-94

A Cotologue of t h e Arobic M o n u s c r i p i s i n t h e L i b r a r y of t h e l n d i o O f f i c e , by 0. Loth and R . Levy, London, 1937 (Ashburner) Cotalogue of Two Calleciions of Persian a n d Arobic Manus c r i p t s Preserved in t h e l n d i o Office L l b r o r y , by E .D. Ross and E . G .

K X S H Z N =~ Maktabat al-savvid ' A b b i s al-Kishini, Karbali' Catalogue: M o k h t i i t i i t ~ d k t o b o t. . . 01-sayyid ' A b b i i s 0 1 - ~ u s a y n T a/-KCshiinT f7 K a r b o l ? ' , by B . M . Haddii, Karbali' , 1966

Browne, London, 1902

KASHIF AL-GHITA'

IQBAL,

*A.:

K h i i n i d z n - i NowbokhtT, Tehran, 1345 s h

ISFAHAN, DANISHGAH = Kitibkhina-yi Dinishgih-i Igfahin, Igfahin Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i nuskhahiiy-i khottT-yi KitCbkhTjna-yl Diinishgiih-i l g f o h z n , by I . Afshir and M . T . Danishpazhiih, in h'oshriyyo-yi K i i z b k h z n a - y i M o r k o z r - y i Dznishgzh-i Tehran dar b i i r o - y i n u s k h a h i i y - i khoft?, XI-XI1 ( T e h r a n , 1362 s h ) , pp.880-950

lmiim,

MS 3813, Majlis Library, Tehran

= Kitabkhina-yi Dinishkada-yi l l i h i y y i i wa ma'ZrifFi Islimi-

y i DZnishgZh-i Tehran, Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i nuskhahiiy-i kharlT-yi K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i Diinishkodoy i ll?hiyyiit wa M a ' c r i f - i IsliimT, by M.T. DZnishpazhCih and M.B. Bujjati , Tehran, 1345-8 sh

227

I ~ F A I I A N'UMUMT , = KitZhkhina-yi 'Umiimi-yi IgfahZn, I$fahZn Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i nuskhahiiy-i k h o t t 7 - y i K i t z b k h i i n a - y i 'UmurnT-yi I z f o h i i n , by J . Maqgiid, Tehran, 1349 sh

A l - l o b i i l bi-siilih 01-a'1nii1. Tehran. 1320 a K ~ s h f01-mobojjo, Najaf, 1950

IBN AL-TURKUMANT = 'AlZ' al-Din 'Ali b . 'Uthmin 31-Mirdini ( d . 7501 1349-50): Al-Jowhor 01-noqT f~ ' I - r a d d ' o l a 'I-BayhoqT, Hyderabad, 1354-6 q (together with al-Bayhaqils a/-Sunon 01-kubrii)

-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LAW

-

= Ja'far b . Khidr al-Najfi ( d . 122811813): Al-Yoqq a/-mubi'n, Tehran, 1316 q S h o r b o l - Q o w z ' i d , MS, private collection of R. UstZdi , Qum (now in

Mar'ashi Library, Qum) KASHSH~= Abii 'Amr Muhammad b . 'Umar b . 'Abd al-'Aziz ( e a r t h 4thi 10th century ) : Rijiil aolKoshshT, abridged by al-Shaykh al-Tiisi as l k h t i y i i r mo'rifot o l - r i j z l , e d . 8 . al-Mugtaiawi, Mashhad, 1348 s h

AN INTRODUCTION TO

228

SHT'ILAW

BIBLIOGRAPHY

229

KXZIMT = Asad AllZh b . Ismi'il al-Tustari ( d . 123411818-19): - * Koshf 01-qinii', Tehran, 1317 q Moqiibis 01-anwiir, Tehran, 1322 q

MA'HAD = Ma'had al-DirZsit al-lslimiyya al-'Ulyi', Baghdad Catalogue' 01-MokhJiitiit a l - ' A r a b i y y a fT Mo'hod 01-Diriisiit 01-lsliimiyya o l ' u l y i i ' , by g .A. al-'Ali , Baghdad, 1968

K H A L I S ~= Maktabat

M A H D A W ' ~= the private collection of A. Mahdawi, Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h a h i i y - i khoJf7-yi k i t i i b k h i i n a - y i k h u $ i i $ T - y i D r . A $ g h a r Mohdaw7, b y M.T. Diinishpazhiih, in N a s h r i y y a - y i Kitiib-

Madrasat Madinat al-'Ilm, Kiizimiyya ( I r a q ) Catalogue: M o k h r i i l a t khiziinat Jiimi'at ModTnat a l ' i l m , by Y . M . Haddii Baghdad, 1972

KhZina-yi MarkozT-yi DZnishgiih-I Tehran dar b i i r a - y i nuskhahiiy-i k h a f f 7 , I1 ( T e h r a n , 1962), p p . 59-181

KHALKHALT,M . M . : F i q h ol-ShT'o, T e h r a n , 1393 q (Vol. 3) KHALLAF, 'Abd al-WahhZb: ' l l m u $ i j l 01-fiqh, Kuwait, 1968

KHATTB

= Abii Bakr Abmad b . 'Ali b . ThZbit al-BaghdZdi ( d . 46311072): Mishkiit 01-ma$Zib7b, e d . M . N al-AlbZni , Damascus, 1962

.

K H U M A Y N ~= RiiQ AllZh b . Mugtafa al-Miisawi : RisZla f i ' I - i j t i h i i d wo 'I-taqlTd, Qum, 1385 q (in a collection of his treatises entitled 01-RasZ'il)

K H W A J ~ '=~MuQammad Ismi'il i7

MAJJMAQANT, $. : Folsafat 01-tashr7' f i ' I - l s l i i m , Beirut, 1961

MAEjUzi

= SulaymZn b . 'Abd AllZh a i - ~ a ~ r Z n( di . 112111709-10): A l - ' A s h a r a a/-kljmila, MS 3866, Majlis Library, Tehran

b . MuQammad Ejusayn al-IgfahZni ( d . 11731

1759-60): Risiila

M A ~ F U GE ,~ . * A . : (1) N o E ' i s 01-makhtGriit o l ' A r a b i y y o F l r a n , in Majollot Mo'had ol-Makhtiiyiit o l k ' i l r a b i y y a , 111 (1957), p p . 3-78 - (11) A/-MokhfGtiit a / - ' A r a b i y y o f i ' I ' l r i i q , in the above-mentioned periodical, IV (19581, p p . 195-258

w u j i i b i t t i b i i ' 01-mujtahid l i - { a n n i h , M S 131715 New Series,

Princeton University Library K H W A N S A R=~MuPammad Biqir b . Zayn al-Abidin al-Miisawi ( d . 13131 1395) : Rawp'Zit aaljanniit, e d . M . T . al-Kashfi and A. Ismi'iliyZn, Tehran-Qum, 1390-2 q

KHAYRAT KHAN

= Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi KhayrZt KhZn, Mashhad Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i nuskhahciy-i k h a j t 7 - y i Modrasa-yi K h a y r i i t K h i i n , b y M . F i a i l , in the t h i r d volume of MajmG'o-yi f i h r i s t - i n u s k h a h i i y - i khottT-yi kitiibkhonahiiy-i shahrastcinhiiy-i l r a n ( T e h r a n , 1353 s h ) ,

p p . 1717-97 K U L A Y N ~= Abii Ja'far MuPammad b . Ya'qiib al-RZzi ( d . 3291941): A / - K C F , e d . 'A. A. a l - G h a f c r i , T e h r a n , 1377-9 q LEIDEN = Biblioteek Rijkauniversitat , Leiden Cotologus codicum O r i e n t a l i u m , b y R . P.A. Dozy and o t h e r s , Leiden, 1851-77

MAJLIS = Kitibkhina-yi Majlis, Tehran Cataloaue: F i h r i s l - i K i t i i b k h i i n o - v i Mailis-i ShGriiv-i MiIlT. b v 'A. Fii'iri-and o t h e r s , Tehran, 1305-57 sh MAJLISi I = MuPammad T a q i b . Maqgiid 'Ali al-lgfahini ( d . 107011659-60): - LawZimit-i SiibibqorZinT, Tehran, 1331 q - Rawq'at a/-muttoqk , Tehran, 1393-9 q M A J L I S ~I1 = MuPammad Baqir b . MuPammad T a q i al-IgfahZni ( d . 11101 1 fi Q-Q).., -

-

-

MA'ARIF

= KitZbkhZna-yi 'Umiimi-yi Ma'Zrif ( - KitZbkhina-yi Milli) , Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i k u t u - i khatt7-yi Kitiibkhiiana-yi 'Umiim7-yi M o ' i i r i f , b y 'A. JawZhir Kalim, Tehran, 1934-5

01-anwZir, Tehran. 1376 a ~ i F ' i i tol-'uqGl; T e h r a n ; 1321-i q Soyr wa s u l G k , MS 880, Mar'ashi Library, Qum (fols. 52a-56a) ZFd 01-ma'Zid, Igfahin, 1311 q

MALIK = KitZbkhZna-yi Milli-yi Malik, Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i k i t i i b h i i y - i k h o t t 7 - y i KitZibkhiina-yi MillT-yi M o l i k , b y A. A f s h i r and M.T. Dinishpazhiih, Tehran, 1352-61 sh

M A M A Q A N ~= 'Abd Allih b . MuPammad @asan ( d . 135111932-3); -

-

LOS ANGELES = University Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i khortT-yi Diinishgiih-i Los Angeles, b y M.T. DZnishpazhiih, in N a s h r i y y a - y i K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i Markaz7-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dor bZiro-yi n u s k h a h i i y - i k h a f t 7 , XI-XI1 ( T e h r a n , 1362 s h ) , p p . 1-772

* Bibiir

Miqbiis a / - h i d Z y o , Tehran, 1345 q TonqTb a/-moqiil, Najaf, 1350-2 q

MANCHESTER = the John Rylands Library, Manchester Catalogue: Catalogue of t h e A r a b i c Manuscripts i n t h e John Rylands L i b r a r y , b y A. Mingana, Manchester, 1934

MAQR~ZT =

T a q i al-Din-Abmad b . 'Ali ( d . 84511441-2):

M a ' r i f o t m b y o j i b li-A1 01-Boyt a/-Nobow7 min a/-baqq ' o l i i man ' o d i i h u m ,

e d . M.A. 'Ashiir, Cairo, 1392 q MAR'ASHT = KitZbkhina-yi 'Umiimi-yi . . . Mar'ashi, Qum Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h a h i i y - i khoft7-yi K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i 'UmGmT-yi . . . Mar'ashT, b y A. l$usayni, Qum, 1395 q -

McDERMOTT, Mil.J . : T h e Theology of 01-Shaykh a / - M u F d , Beirut, 1978

A L M A S A ' I L A L - M U H A N N ~' I Y Y A

= A i w i b o t ol-masZi'i1 allot7 sa'olohii

230

A N INTRODUCTION TO

S H I L' A ~W

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Muhannii b . Siniin "on 01-'Alliima wa Fokhr a/-Mubaqqiq7n, MS 1474 Central Library, University of Tehran (fols. 79b-103b)

231

Roybiinat a/-odab, Tehran, Vol. 1, 1335 s h ; Vols. 2-6, 1328-33 sh

MASHHAD, ILAHIYYAT = Kitibkhina-yi Danishkada-yi IlZhiyyZt wa Ma'arif-i Isliimi , Mashhad Catalogues: Fihrist-i nuskhahiiy-i khailT-yi Kitzbkhiina-yi Danishkada-yi Iliihiyyiit . . . , by M . FZdil, Mashhad, 1976 (Microfilms) Fihrist-i mTkrufilmhiiy-i Kitiibkhiino-yi Diinishkado-yi lliihiyyiit . . . , by M . FZdil, in Nashriyyo-yi Diinishkado-yi IliihiyyCit wo ma'iirif-i 1sli;mT-yi Mashhad, XI1 (1974), p p . 193-234, XV (1975), pp.157-201

MUFiD = Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad b . Muhammad b . Nu'min al-Ba~hdiidi. - - Ibn al-Mu'allim ( d . 41311i22): - A wii'll 01-moqiiloi, e d . 'A.W. C h a r a n d i b i and F. al-Zanjini, Tabriz, 1364 q - A/-Fusiil al-mukhtiiro rnin a/-'Uviin wa '/-mahiisin. Naiaf, n . d . (2nd edition) - 11-lfsiih fi 'I-irniirna, Naiaf, 1950 - A / - l l t h i i j i i ~ ,e d . M . M . i l - ~ h a r s i n ,Najaf, 1971 - Jawiib ah1 01-Ub'ir tT mii sa'olii 'onh min sohw a/-NabT, Qum, 1398 q (in 'Ali b . Muhammad al-'Amilils a/-Durr a/-hlonthGr.. 1.. ~ 0 . 1 1 1 - 2 0 ) A/-Masii'il a/-Siighiiniyya, Nsjaf, n . d . - Al-Masii'il a/-Sarawivvo. n . d . ( i n t h e collection of 'Iddot rasii'il ,, . Qum.. . li 'I-Shaykh 01-MuFd, p p . 207-232) a/-Masii'il or-'Ukborivva, ., . MS 2313. Central Librarv. " . Universitv of Tehran (fols. 58b-69b) Al-Radd 'olo o ~ b i i ba/-'odad, Qum, 1398 q (in 'Ali b . Mupammad al-'Amili's 01-Durr 01-Manthiir, I , p p . 122-34) Al-Tadhkira bi-ujiil a/-fiqh, Tabriz, 1322 q (in al-Karijaki's Konz a/-fawii'id, p p . 186-94) TajbTb 01-i'tiqiid, e d . 'A.W. Charanddab:, Tabriz, 1364 q (together with t h e author's A wii'il 01-maqiiliit)

MATIJAF = Maktabat al-Matpaf al-'Iraqi, Baghdad Catalogue: Makhtiitiit Moktabat al-Matbaf a/-'IriiqT, by U . N . a1 Naqshbandi and'A.A. al-Qashtini, Baghdad, 1975 (Voi. 1)

MUBAMMAD AL-LMUL~ = Shams al-Din Mupammad b . Mapmiid (8thl14th century) : Nafci'is a/-funiin , Tehran, 1377-9 q

MIFTAB

MUBAMMAD A L - A R D A B ~ L( ~ d . 110111689-90): Jiimi' 01-ruwiit, Tehran, 1331 s h

MASJID-I A'ZAM = Kitibkhina-yi Masjid-i A'gam, Qum MASJID-I JAMI' = Kitibkhana-yi Masjid-i &mi', Tehran Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhohCiy-i khattT-yi Kitiibkhiina-yj Modrasa-yi Chihilsutiin-i Masjid-i Jiirnie-i Tehran, by R. U s t i d i , in Ashnii'T bii chand nuskha-yi khatJT (Qum, 1396q), pp.305-88 MASHHAD, ADABIYYAT = Kitibkhina-yi Dinishkada-yi Adabiyyit wa 'Uliim-i Insini-yi Dinishgih-i Firdawsi, Mashhad Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhahiiy-i khajfT-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Diinishkaday i Adobiyyiit. . . , by M . Faail, Mashhad, 1976 -

= the private collection of IJ. Miftap, Tehran Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhohiiy-i khottT-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Dr. uusoyn Mift*, by M.T. Dinishpazhiih, in Nahriyya-yi Kitiibkhiinnoyi Markaziyi Diinishgiih-i Tehran d a r biira-yi nuskhohiiy-i khattT, VII ( T e h r a n , 1353 s h ) , pp.95-511

MILL^

= KitZhkhZna-yi Milli , Tehran Catalogue: Fihrist-i nusakh-i khatiT-yi Kitiibkhiino-yi MIIF, by 'A. Anwir, Tehran, 1344-58 s h

MIQDAD= Jam51 al-Din MiqdZd b . 'Abd Allah al-Suyiiri al-rilli ( d . 8261 1423): A/-TanqTb 01-rii'i', MS 1725, Mar'ashi Library, Qum

M ~ JRJ A M ~ DBUSAYN B. MUIJAMMAD QULf AL-LAKNAWT ( d . 130611888-9): 'AbaqFt a/-anwiir, translated into Arabic by 'Ali al-JJusayni al-MilZni, Qum, 1398 q (Vol. I) M ~ R JA'FAR Z ~ = Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Mirza J a ' f a r , Mashhad Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhohoy-i khatt7-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Modraso-yi Mii-zii Ja'for, by 'A. Niirani and K.M. Shinachi , in Fihrist-i nuskhahiiy-i khotfi-yi chahiir kitiibkhiina-yi Mashhad, t h e f i r s t volume of Majmii'o-yi fihrist-i nuskhahiiy-i khacfT-yi kitiibkhiinahiiy-i shohrastiinhiiy-i Iron ( T e h r a n , 1351 s h ) , pp.25-43 MU'ALLIM = Mubamrnad 'Ali Mu'allim JJabibZbidi: Makiirim 01-iithiir , IgfahZn , 1337 s h MUDARRIS = Mupammad 'Ali b . Mupammad T i h i r al-Tabrizi ( d . 137311954):

A.

MUBAMMAD BAQIR AL-$ADR: - Duriis tT 'ilm a/-uj5l , Beirut, 1978 - Al-Fatiiwii a/-wiidiw, Najaf, 1396 q MUBAQQIQ = Najm al-Din Abu 'I-QZsim Ja'far b . Basan al-uilli (d. 67611277): - Mo'iirij 01-uziil, Tehran, 1310 q - a/-Mu'tabar, Tehran, 1318 q - Nukat 01-Nihiiya, Tehran, 1276 q (in t h e collection of 01-JowCrni' olfiqhiyyo, p p . 373-4101 Sharii'i' 01-lsliim, Beirut, n . d .

M U N D H I R ~= Zaki al-Din 'Abd al-'Acim b . 'Abd al-Qawi ( d . 65611258): Mukhtasor sob70 Muslim, e d . M.N. al-Albini, Kuwait, 1969

MURTAPA -

-

= Abu 'I-Qasim 'Ali b . Busayn al-Miisawi , 'Alarn al-Hudi ( d . 43611044): Al-DharT'z ilF ujiil 01-sharTCa, e d . A . G u r j i , Tehran, 1346-8 s h Ibtiil a l ' a m o l bi-okhbiir 01-ZbCd, microfilm 1162, Central Library, University of Tehran (fols. 142b-143a) Al-IntijCr, Najaf, 1971 Jowiibiit a/-rnasii'il a/-rnawsilivvo . ,, a/-thiilitha. t h e above-mentioned microfilm (fols. 36-56a) Jawiibzt al-rnosii'il 01-rnowgiliyyo 01-thCniyo, t h e above-mentioned microfilm (fols. 31-5) Jawiibzt 01-rnosii'il a/-Tabbiiniyyiit, microfilm 1255, Central Library, University of Tehran

AN INTRODUCTION TO

232 -

-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SHT'T LAW

( T e h r a n , 1351 s h ) , pp.437-562

Jawiibiit 01-masii'il 0 1 - T a r i i b u l u s i y y i i t , microfilm 1162, Central Library,

University of Tehran A l - S h i i f l , Tehran, 1302 q

N U J U M ~ = the

private collection of M . Nujiimi, Kirminshzh ( I r a n ) Catalogue: MokhJEtiil moktabot 01-soyyid Murtog'z 01-NujLimT, by A . al-L<usayni, in his Do171 a / - m o k l ? l i i f i i t ( Q u m , 1397 q ) , pp. 214-97

MURTAPA A L - R A Z ~ = Jamil

al-Din Abii 'Abd Allah Muhammad b . a u s a y n b . uasan ( 6 t h l l 2 t h c e n t u r y ) : T a b g i r a t 01-'owiimm, e d . ' A . J J i ' i r i , Tehran, n . d .

MUSHAR,Khinbiba: F i h r i s t - i k i t i i b h i i y - i chiipT-yi ' A r a b ? , Tehran, 1344 q

MUSLIM = Abu '1-JJusayn Muslim b . JJajjij al-Qushayri al-Naysabiiri ( d . 2611875): SohTI, Muslim, Cairo, 1290 q MUTTAQf = 'Ali' al-Din 'Ali b . UusXm al-Din al-Burhinpiiri ( d . 9751 1567): Konz a / - ' u m m i i l , tlyderabad, 1945-75

NURBAKI~SH

= Kitibkhina-yi Niirbakhsh, Khiniqah-i Ni'mal Allihi , Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i k h o f l T - y i K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i N i i r b o k h s h . . . , by I . D i b i j i , Tehran, 1970-3

NOR^

= JJusayn b . Muhammad Taqi ( d . 132011902): Mustadrok a/-Wasii'il, Tehran, 1382 q = Abii JJanifa Nu'min b . Muhammad al-Tamimi al-Maghribi ( d . 3631974): I k h t i l i i f u $ Z l a / - m o d h z h i b , e d . M . Ghilib, Beirut, 1973

MUZA

= Miiza-yi Iran-i B i s t i n , Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h a h i i y - i k h o f r r - y i k i t i i b k h i i n o - y i Miiza-yi I r o n - i B i i s t i i n , by M.T. Dinishpazhiih, in N a s h r i y y a - y i K i t i i b k h i i n o y i MorkozT-yi Diinishgiih-i T e h r a n d o r b i i r o - y i n u s k h a h i i y - i k h a f l T , I1 ( T e h r a n , 1962), pp.199-218

N H ' T N ~= Mubarnmad Ijusayn

b . 'Abd al-Rahim ( d . 135511936): Munyat a / - f i i l i b , a collection of al-Ni'ini's lectures compiled by Miis: al-Najafi al-Khwansiri , Tehran, 1373 q

NAJAFi :Muhammad JJasan b . Mubarnmad B i q i r , Sahib al-Jawihir ( d . 126611850): Jawiihir 01-kaliim, e d . 'A. al-Qiichini and others, Najaf-Tehran, 1377-1401 q

-

N U ' M A N ~ = Abii 'Abd Allih Mubammad b . Ibrihim al-Kitib, Ibn A b i Zaynab ( d . around 3501961): TofsTr 01-Nu'miinT, Tehran, 1387 q (in al-Majlisi 11's B i b i i r 01-onwiir, XCIII, pp.1-97)

~ H p Ni U ' M A N

MUZAFFAR , Muhammad Riai : U$Zl a / - f i q h , Najaf, 1967

N A J A S H ~ Abu '1-'Abbis Ahmad b . 'A17 nl-Asadi

al-gayrafi ( d . 4501

QADIRIYYA = al-Maktabat al-Qidiriyya, Gmi' al-Shaykh 'Abd al-Qidir al-Gilini , Bagkdad Catalogue: a / - A l h i i r 01-khorfiyya f i 'I-Moktobot a / - Q i i d i r i y y o . . . , by ' I . ' A . Ra'iif, Baghdad, 1974-7 QAFFAL :Sayf al-Din Muhammad b . Ahmad al-Shishi ( d . 50711113-14): f l i l y a t a / - ' u l o m i i ' = 01-MustozhorT, e d . Y . A . I . Daridka, Beirut, 1980 Q A S T A L L N =~ Shihib al-Din A l p a d b . Mubarnmad al-Khatib ( d . 92311517): A/-Mawiihib 01-lodunniyyo, Cairo , 1325-8 q

QAWAM A L - D ~ N A L - W I S H N A W ~ : flodTth a / - Thaqolayn , Cairo, 1374 q

Q U H P A ' ~=

RijCl 01-NojiishT, T e h r a n , 1337 s h

NASA'I = AbG 'Abd al-RaQmZn Ahmad b . 'Ali b . Shu'ayb ( d . 3031915): S u n o n , Cairo, 1312 q NASHRIYYA = N o s h r i y y o - y i K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i MarkorT-yi Diinishgiih-i T e h r o n d o r b i i r o - y i n u s k h o h i i y - i k h a t j T , Tehran, 1340 sh -

AL-DIN AL-TUST

( d . 67211274):

A k h l i i q - i Niisir?, e d . M . Minuwi and 'A.R. u a y d a r i , T e h r a n , 1356 s h

NAWADIR

= Min nowiidir mokhfLiJiit Moktabat z y o t A l l i i h 01-flok?m 01-'zrnmo,

Najaf, 1962

NAWWAB = Kitzbkhina-yi

Madrasa-yi Nawwib , Mashhad Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i k h a f f r - y i k i t i i b k h i i n o - y i Modrosa-yi Nawwiib, by 'A. Niirini and K . M . S h i n a c h i , in F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i kholJT-yi d u k i t i i b k h i i n o - y i Moshhad, the second volume of Mojm;'a-yi

f i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i k h o f t 7 - y i k i t i i b k h i i n o h i i y i shahrostiinhiiy-i I r o n

'Inayat Al1;lh b . 'Ali ( d . after 101611607-8):

Majma' 01-rijiil, e d . p . al-'Allima, Igfahin, 1387 q

1058-9):

NASTR

233

RApAWi = Kitibkhiina-yi Astin-i Quds-i Ragawi, Mashhad Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i k u t u b - i K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i mubiiroko-yi j s t i i n - i Quds-i Rog'owT, Mashhad, 1305 sh RAQAWlYYA = Kitiibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Raaawiyya, Qum Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h a h i i y - i k h o f t T - y i Kitiibkhiinino-yi Madrosa-yi RaQ'owiyya, by 8. Mudarrisi T a b i t a b i ' i , Qum, 1355 s h

RAPT AL-DTN -

-

A L - Q A Z W ? N ~ ( d . 109611685):

Qiyiifat a / - i k h w i i n , ed. A . al-JJusayni, Qum, 1397 q TiirFkh-i mashZhTr-i l m i i m i y y a , MS 351411, Central Library, University

of Tehran ( p p . 327-8) R~HNIM~YK - II T A T , Persian periodical, Tehran, 1337-57 s h

RASHT = Kitabkhina-yi 'Umiimi-yi, Rasht Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h o h i i y - i k h o f f T - y i k i t i i b k h i i n a - y i J o m e i y y a t - i Noshr-i F o r h a n g - i s h o h r - i R a s h t , by M . Rawshan, in t h e thrid volume

AN INTRODUCTION TO

234

SHT'T

BIBLIOGRAPHY

LAW

of Majmij'a-yi f i h r i s t - i nuskhahiiy-i khoRT-yi kitiibkhiinahiiy-i shahrostiinhiiy-i l r a n ( T e h r a n , 1351), p p . 1081-238

RAW AND^

= Qutb al-Din Sa'id b . Hibat Allih ( d . 57311178): F i q h 01-Qur '?in , e d . A . al-gusayni , Qum , 1397-9 q

RAWPATI= the

private collection of M . ' A . R a w o i t i , IgfahZn Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i k u t u b - i khaftT-yi kitiibkhiinohiiy-i l g f a h i i n , b y M.'A. Rawaxti, IgfahZn, 1377 q

R I Q A ~ L - Q A Z W ~ N=~ Rigi b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Fiusayni (mid-l3thll9th century) : Al-Farq bayn 01-AkhbiiriyyTn wo 'I-UgijliyyTn, MS 3720, Mar'ashi Library, Qum RlSALA FI ' L - T A H ~ R AWA ' L - S A L ~ T (belonging to the 12thl18th cen-

t u r y ) , MS 30711, Gulpiyigini Library, Qum $AD~= Q Abii Ja'far Mubammad b . 'Ali al-Qummi, Ibn Bibawayh ( d . 3811 991-2) : ' I l o l 01-sharii'i', e d . F . al-Tabitabi'i al-Yazdi, Qum, 1377-8 q - A l - l ' t i q i i d i i t , Tehran, 1379 q (together with al-Miqdid's a/-No%'' yawm a/-bashr IT sharb 01-biib ooibiidTeashr, p p . 66-115) - * M a n 15 yab(iuruh a/-faqTh, e d . V . M . al-Kharsin, Najaf, 1957 A l - M u q n i ' , e d . M . Wi'ivzida, Tehran, 1377 q - Al-TowbTd, e d . H.U. al-'fihrini, Tehran, 1387 q Hishiim b . a/-Vakom, T e h r a n , 1342 sh = Abii Ja'far Murammad b . Jjasan b . Farrukh alkQummi ( d . 2901

902-3):

~ A ~ AI LB- D H A R ~'A

= Maktabat gibib al-Dhari 'a al-'Amma,

~ A ~ AL-MA'ALIM I B

= uasan b . Zayn al-Din al-'Amili

-

Najaf

( d . 101111602):

, Tehran, n . d .

Q A ~ I BAL-MADARIK -

S H A H ~ DI = Shams al-Din Mubammad b . Makki al-'mili - D h i k r i i a/-ShT'o, Tehran, 1271 q A l - D u r i j s 01-shar'iyya, Tehran, 1269 q - Al-Qawii'id wa 'lFfaw5'id. T e h r a n , 1308 q

SHAH~D I1 = Zayn al-Dig b . 'AIi b . Ahmad al-'Amili A / - D i r i i y a , e d . M.J. A1 IbrZhim, Najaf, n . d . - Maslilik a/-afhiim, Tehran, 1273 q Al-Rawg'a a / - b a h i y y o , Najaf, 1386-90 q

( d . 78611384):

( d . 96611559):

-

S H A H R A S T ~ N H=~Majmij'a-yi f i h r i s t - i nuskhohiiy-i k h a j t 7 - y i k i t i i b k h k a hiiy-i shahrostiinhiiy-i l r a n , Tehran, 1351-3 sh

S H A H R A S T ~ N =~ Abu '1-Fatb Mubammad b . 'Abd al-Karim ( d . 54811153); Al-Milo1 wa ' I - n i b a l , e d . A . M . a l b ' i d , Cairo, 1977 SHARAF AL- in, 'Abd al-Jjusayn: A/-Muriijajo'iit, Beirut, n . d . SHARU QATRA T AL-BAVRAYN (early l l t h l l 7 t h c e n t u r y ) , MS 1843,

Mar'ashi Library, Qum S H A R ~ FA L - J U R J ~ N T ( d 81611413): S h a r b 01-Mawiiqif, Constantinople, 1286 q

SHAYKH = AbG J a ' f a r Mgbammad b . uasan al-Tiisi ( d . 46011067): A l - F i h r i s t . e d . M.S. A1 Bahr alk'uliirn.. Naiaf. , . 1937 A / - ~ h a ~ b a~' ,a b r i i ,1323 q' - A l - l s t i b s i i r , e d . B . M . al-Kharsin, Najaf, 1375-6 q - TahdhTb a/-abkiim, e d . H M . al-KharsZn, Najaf, 1958-62 - ' U d d a t 01-usiil, Tehran, 1314 q -

Bogii'ir a / - d o r a j i i l , e d . M . Kiichabighi, Tabriz, 1381 q

Ma'iilim a/-dTn

pp. 417-32

S H ~ T I B= ~Abii IsbZq Ibrihim b . Miisi al-Gharniti ( d . 79011388): A/-Muwiifoqiit, Cairo, 1344 q

~AFA'~ A ., :

QAFFAR

235

S H ~ R A Z= ~Maktabat

Madrasat al-Shirizi , SZmarri' ( I r a q )

1600):

SHUBBAR = 'Abd Allih b . Mubammad R i a i 31-Jjusayni ( d . 124211826): B u g h y a t a/-&ilibTn, MS 3972, Majlis Library, Tehran

Hidiiyot a / - f i i l i b i n , MS 4641, Majlis Library, Tehran 01-abkiim, Tehran, 1322 q

SINK

= Mubammad b . 'Ali al-Miisawi ai-'Zmili

( d . 10091

* Madiirik

SALLAR = AbG Ya'lZ Jjamza b . 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Daylami ( d . 44811056-7): Al-Mariisim, e d . M . al-BustZni , Beirut, 1980

SALT AN AT^

= Kitibkhina-yi Saltanati , Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i k u t u b - i cfnT wa madhhob7-yi khattT-yi K i t i i b khiino-yi S a l ~ a n a t T ,by Badri AtZbiy, Tehran, 1352 s h

SAMAHTJT

= 'Abd AllXh b . QZlil) al-Babrini ( d . 113511723): Munyot a/-mumiirisii,, MS 1916127, Majlis Library, Tehran

SARYAZDT = KitZbkhina-yi Saryazdi, Madrasa-yi K h i n , Yazd Catalogue: [ F i h r i s t - i nuskhahiiy-i k h a l t T - y i ] Kitiibkhiina-yi SoryordT, by M.T. Danishpazhiih, i n N a s h r i y y a - y i K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i MorkazT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dar biira-yi nuskhahiiy-i kharr7, IV ( T e h r a n , 19661,

= KitibkhZna-yi Majlis-i S i n i , Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i k i t i i b h i i y - i k h a j j i - y i K i t i i b k h i i n o - y i Majlis-i S i n g , by M.T. Dinishpazhiih and B. 'Ilmi AnwZri, Tehran, 1356-9 sh

SIPAHSALAR

= Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Sipahsilir, Tehran Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i KitZibkhiina-yi Madraso-yi ' A T - y i Sipohsiiliir, by Ibn Yiisuf S h i r i z i and o t h e r s , Tehran, 1315-56 sh

= Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi SulaymZn Khan, Mashhad S U L A Y M ~KHAN N Catalogue: F h r i s t - i nuskhahiiy-i khottT-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Madrasa-yi Suloyrniin K h i i n , by 'A. NiirZni and K . M . ShZnachi, in F i h r i s t - i nuskhahciy-i khattT-yi chahiir k i t i i b k h i i n a - y i Mashhad, the first volume of Majmir'a-yi f i h r i s t - i nuskhahiiy-i k h a j j T - y i kitiibkhiinahiiy-i shohrostiinhiiy-i I r o n (Tehran, 1351 s h ) , p p . 1-24

AN INTRODUCTION TO

236

SHT'T

LAW

S U Y ~ T= Jalil ~ al-Din 'Abd al-Rabmin b . Abi Bakr ( d . 91111505): /by?' a i - m a y t , Najaf, n . d .

TABARANT

= Abu '1-QZsim Sulaymin b . AQmad b . AyyZb ( d . 3601970-1): Al-Mu'jam ai-gaghTr, e d . ' A . M . 'Uthmin, Madina, 1968

T A B R I S ~= AbE 'Ali Fadl b . ljasan, Amin al-IslXm ( d . 54811154): Majma' a / - b a y i i n , Tehran, 1379-82 q T A B R ~ ZMILL^ , = KitZbkhana-yi Milli, Tabriz Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i MiilT-yi TabrTz, by W . Sayyid YZnusi , Tabriz, 1345 sh

T A ~ T \ w =~ AbE

Ja'far Ahmad b . Muhammad al-Azdi ( d . 3211933):

M u s h k i l a / - i i t h i i r , Hyderabad, 1333 q

TAVTAWT

= Abmad b . Mubarnmad b . Ismi'il ( d . 123111816): t l z s h i y a t 01-Durr ai-mukhtiir, Cairo, 1254 q

TARBIYAT = KitZbkhina-yi Tarbiyat , Tabriz Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i K i t a b k h i i n a - y i DawlatT-yi T a r b i y a t , by M . Nakhjawani , Tabriz, 1329 s h

TIRMIDHT

= A ~ 'Zi s i Muhammad b .

'Tsi

al-sulami ( d . 2791892-3):

S u n a n , Beirut, 1394 q

TOPKAPl SERAYI = Topkapi Serayi Miizesi Kiitiiphanesi, Istanbul Catalogue: Arapca yazmalar kataioGu, by F . E . Karatay, Istanbul, 1964

BIBLIOGRAPHY WAJ~TD, Perisan periodical,Tehran, 1342-59 sh

W A ZRT~ = Kitibkhina-yi Waziri, Yazd Catalobue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h a h a - i k h a t f r - y i K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i WarTrT, by M . ShirwZni , Tehran, 1350 sh Y ~ D N ~ M A - SHAYKH-I Yi

T%T,

e d . M . WZeizzida, Mashhad, 1972-6

YAVYT\

AL-BAIJRANT = Sharaf al-Din YaQyi b . ljusayn b . 'Ashira al-Mufti ( d . after 96711553-60): Risiila t T m a ' r ~ f a tmashci'ikh 01-ShT'a, e d . M .T . Danishpazhiih, in Majalla-yi Diinishkada-yi A d a b i y y i i t - i T a b r T z , X I X (1345 s h ) , pp.306-19

Y A U Y A B. SA'TD

= Najib al-DTn YabyZ b . Ahmad b . Sa'id al-Hudhali al-Villi ( d . '68911290) : ~ u i h a 01-niizir, t e d . A . al-ljusayni and N . a l - W i ' i ~ i , Najaf, 1386 q

ZANJAN

= the private collection of 'Izz al-Din al-ljusayni, ZanjZn Catalogue: MakhtiiJcit maktabat imiim 01-Jum'a, by A . al-ljusayni, in his DalTl a / - m a k h t i i f i i t (Qum, 1397 q ) , p p . 88-170

Z A N J L N ~= the

private collection of A . Zanjini, Qum

Catalogue:

F i h r i s t - i nuskhahciy-i k h a f t r - y i k l t i i b k h i i n a - y i s h a k h ~ T - y i , ZanjcinT, by R. UstZdi and l j . Mudarisi TabZJabi'i, in l s h n i i ' i b i i chand n u s k h a - y i k h a j f T (Qum, 1396 q ) , p p . 155-304

. .

ZARQA',M.A.: A/-Madkhal a/-fiqhT a l ' i i m m , Damascus, 1959

TU'MA. S . H . :

I -

M a k h t ~ j 5 tK a r b a l i i ' , Najaf, 1973 Khazci'in k u t u b Karbalii' a/-biip'ira, Najaf, 1977

TUNUKABUNT

= Mubammad b . Sulaymin ( d . 130211884-5): Qigag a l ' u l a m i i ' , Tehran, n . d .

T U R A Y ~ ~ T= Fakhr

al-Din b . Muhammad 'Ali

( d . 108511674-5)

Jiimi' ai-maqiil, Tehran, 1374 q

T U S T A R ~Mubammad , Taqi - QiimEs 01-rijiil, Tahran, 1379 q Risiilo ,iT sahw 01-NabT, Tehran, 1349 s h (together with Vol. 11 of the author's Qiimimus a / - r i j i i l ) TUSTARIYYA = Maktabat al-Ijusayniyya al-Tustariyya, Najaf Catalogue: F i h r i s t - i n u s k h a h i i y - i k h a t t T - y i K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i u u s a y n i y y a y i S h i i s h t a r T h i i , by A . IsmZ'iliyZn and R. U s t i d i , in N a s h r i y y a - y i K i t i i b k h i i n a - y i M a r k a z i - y i Diinishgiih-i T e h r a n d a r b i i r a - y i n u s k h a h i i y i khaLyT, XI-XI1 ( T e h r a n , 1362 s h ) , p p . 787-879

USTADT

= the ~ r i v a t ecollection of R. UstZdi, Qum (now in Mara'ashi Library, Q&) Catalogue: $ad wa s h a j t n u s k h a - y i k h a t f i a z y a k kitcibkhiina-yi s h a k h g i , by R. U s t i d i , Qum, 1354 sh

VATICAN = Biblioteca Vaticana Catalogue: Elenco m u n s c r i t t a r a b i lslamici della Biblioteca Vaticana, by G . Levi della vida, Rome, 1935-65

237

ZU~~AY W.: L~, A/-WasTf , Damascus, 1969

Index

INDEX O F A U T H O R S A b u '1FMakZrim al-ZanjZni 1 3 1 A b u '1-QZsim b . ' A b b i s 87 A b u '1-QZsim a l - G u l p i y i g i n i 114

Special abbreviation : M.

= Muhammad

136 . ..

1 - AUTHORS

' A b b i s A b i i T u r i b i 158 ' A b b i s ' A l i al-KazzZzi 170 ' A b b i s a l - J a g i n i 69 ' A b b i s a l - Q a z w i n i 75 ' A b b a s a l - T i i n i 135 ' A b d al-'Ali a l - H a r a n d i 173, 207 ' A b d a l - ' A l i a l - f i p a l a q i 123, 1 3 3 , 146 ' A b d a l - ' i l i a l - K a r a k i 51. 66. 7 1 , 1 2 0 , 1 3 5 , 213 ' A b d a l k q A 1 i a l - R a s h t i 68 ' A b d Allah a l - A f a n d i 177 ' A b d AllZh b . ' A l i b i b i 88 ' A b d A l l i h a l - H a z i r j a r i b i 82 'Abd Allih al-Jazi'iri 86, 87, 109 ' A b d Allah b . K h a l i l 204, 205 'A b d A l l i h a l - K i r m i n s h Z h i 8 2 . 1 2 7 , 1 8 3 , 1 8 9 , 194, 201, 210 ' A b d AllZh a l - M a m a o i n i 70. 112-13, 1 1 8 , 121,- 128, i 5 4 , 159, 169, 173, 174, 194, 197, 209, 214 ' A b d A l l a h a l - M Z z a n d a r i n i 156 ' A b d A l l a h a l - s a y m a r i 162 ' A b d A l l i h S h u b b a r 8 7 , 98 ' A b d A l l i h a l - T i i n i 8 , 147 ' A b d Allah a l - T u s t a r i 51, 8 5 , 96, 1 0 6 , 1 2 6 , 1 3 3 , 143, 145, 146, 1 5 4 , 1 6 2 , 1 6 3 , 166, 182, 1 8 3 , 1 9 5 , 198 ' A b d al-'Aqim b . M. Ma'sGm 206 ' A b d al-'Aziz b . a l - B a r r i j 43, 63, 1 2 1 ' A b d a l - G h a n i 83 ' A b d a l - G h a n i a l - K i s h m i r i 67 ' A b d a l - H i d i al-DilijZni 1 3 5 ' A b d a l - H i i d i a l - S h i r i z i 157, 193 ' A b d a l - H a s i b al-'Xmili 122. 206 ' A b d al-6ayy a l - J u r j i n i 133, 1 3 5 , 204 ' A b d a l - H u s a y n al-A'sam 68 ' A b d a l - g u s a y n a l - A g b a g h i 88 ' A b d a l - g u s a y n al-'Agi 81 'Abd al-gusayn al-Baraghini 72. 74

' A b d al-JJusayn a l - g i l l i 122 ' A b d al-gusayn al-Kiqimi 135 ' A b d a l - g u s a y n a l - Q a z w i n i 69 ' A b d a l - a u s a y n a l - T i h r i n i 196 ' A b d al-Karim a l - g i ' i r i 1 1 , 5 8 , 1 3 8 , 186 ' A b d al-Karim a l - i r a w i n i 9 1 'A b d al-Karim a l - J u r j i n i 77 ' A b d al-Karim a l - Q a z w i n i 177 ' A b d al-Karim a l - T a b a s i 199 ' A b d al-Malik b . F a t h a n 7 2 , 209 ' A b d a l - N a b i al-BaQrZni 1 9 1 ' A b d al-Nabi al-Jazi'iri 53, 71 'Abd al-Nabi al-Qazwini 151 ' A b d a l - Q i d i r a l - M i z a n d a r i n i 82 'Abd al-Rabmin al-'Ati'iqi 71 ' A b d al-RaQmin a l - Q a z w i n i 68 ' A b d a l - R a p i m b . Ma'riif 95 ' A b d al-Rabim a l - Q a z w i n i 68 ' A b d a l - R a s h i d a l - T u s t a r i 89 ' A b d al-Rasiil a l - F i r i i z k i i h i 1 2 0 , 1 3 1 , 169, 190 ' A b d a l - S a h i b a l - N a r Z q i 118 ' A b d al-Salim a l - A n g i r i 72, 206 ' A b d al-Samad a l - H a m a d i n i 6 6 , 6 8 , 97, 1 7 5 ' A b d al-$amad a l - T a b r i z i 67 ' A b d a l - W a h h i b a l - B a r a g h i n i 87 ' A b d al-WahhZb a l - M a b a l l i t i 69 ' A b d al-Wihid a l - D a r i r 1 5 5 Al-Abi 58, 7 0 ' A b i d B u s a v n a l - A n s a r i 67 AbG ' ~ b dAllah a l - i n g i r i 1 3 1 A b i i ' A l i a l - g i ' i r i 98 A b u 'I-Fat4 a l - S h a r i f i 1 1 5 A b u '1-gasan a l - A b i w a r d i 204, 214 A b u '1-Hasan a l - A n g a j i 142 A b u '1-gasan a l - F u t i i n i 8 6 , 1 9 1 A b u ' 1 - g a s a n a l - I g f a n i n i 5 8 , 94, i+n" "n A b u '1-Flasan b M. Kiqim 168 A b u ' I - a a s a n al-Miisawi 100 A b u '1-JJasan a l - S h a h r a s t i n i 90 A b u '1-IJasan a l - T u n u k i b u n i 68 A b u '1-Ma'ali a l - A s t a r a b i d i 134 A b u '1-Majd a i - I g f a h a n i 1 1 , 9 3 , 1 3 1 , 176

A b u '1-Qisim a l - g u s a y n i 1 7 4 , 186 A b u '1-QZsim a l - I s h k a w a r i 176 A b u 'I-Qisim a l - K a l i n t a r i al~ i h r g n i1 1 , 207 A b u '1-Qisim a l F K h w i n s 5 r i 155, 156 A b u '1-Qisim a l - K u j i i r i 1 7 1 A b u 'I-Qisim al-LZhiiri 200 A b u '1-Qisim al-Miisawi 1 6 1 A b u '1-Qisim a l - N a r Z a i 184 A b u ' 1 - ~ i s i m a l - ~ a z d i f 67 A b i l TZlib a l - F i n d i r i s k i 8 1 A b b T i l i b a l - H a m a d i n i 99 AbG TZlib a l - Q i ' i n i 1 5 6 , 1 7 8 ,

18j A b i i TZlib al-Qummi 137 Abii T i l i b a l - T a j l i l 178 A b i i TZlib a l - Z a n j i n i 166 A b i i T u r i b a l - K h w Z n s i r i 93 A b i i T u r Z b a l - Q a z w i n i 90 Abii Ya'lZ 102 AQnird a l - A h s i ' i 75 A h m a d b . ' A l i M u k h t i r alG u l p i y i g i n i 71, 157, 171, 183, 197 A h m a d a l k e A m i l i 129. 184

A h m a d b . I b r i h i m b . ' i s i alB a h r Z n i 194

A i - A k h b Z r i l i 3 , 157, '160, ' 1 6 5 , 1 6 8 , 1 7 0 , 174, 201 ' A l i ' B u r h i n a l - T a b r i z i 96 'AlZ' al-Mulk F i d i l K h a n 139 Al B a h r al-'Uliim 112, 118, 168, 1 7 1 , 1 7 9 , 1 8 0 , 182, 1 8 5 , 192,

241

208, 209, 213 ' A l i b . ' A b d al-GhaffZr 69 ' A l i b . ' A b d al-$amad al-'Amili 132 ' A l i b . A h m a d b . A b i &mi' 74 'A17 A k b a r b . ' A l i 82 ' A l i A k b a r a l - K h w Z n s i r i 7 2 , 135 'Ali A k b a r al-Qazwini 92, 114, 1 2 7 , 211 ' A l i Al B a b r alkeUliim 6 6 , 1 4 0 , 208 ' A l i b . ' A l i b . J J u s a y n alhC.%mili 6 6' A l i A1 K i s h i f al-Ghifa' 6 8 , 111, 1 6 8 , 179 A a l - ' A l v i r i 8 3 . 140. 162 ' A l i al-Ang;ri 133 ' A l i a l - A ' r a i i 83 ' A l i a l - B a b r i n i 186 ' A l i a l - B a r a e h Z n i 66 ' A l i al-Huriiyini 93 ' A l i a l - D u z d a r i 69 ' A l i a l - G h a r a w i 124 ' A l i b . Hilal a l - J a z i ' i r i 50, 73 'Ali al-Husayni al-AstaribZdi 135 ' A l i a l - H u s a v n i a l - M i l i n i 178. 212 ' A l i a l - K a n i 1 7 4 , 211 ' A l i a l - K a r b a l i ' i 1 1 4 , 199 ' A l i a l - K h a t t i 204 ' A l i a l - ~ h w i n s i r i69 ' A l i al-KhwZtiinZbZdi 69 ' A l i a l - M a q i b i 144 ' A l i a l - M a y s i 134 ' A l i al-MZzra'i 104 ' A l i a l - M i u s h i r 172 ' A l i b . Muhammad 189 ' A l i b . M. al-'Amili 6 7 , 7 4 , 8 1 , 1 3 3 , 175 ' A l i Mubammad a l - H u s a y n i 69 ' A l i al-Muhammadi 157 'Ali b . M . ' ~ a ' f a r al-Astaribidi 75, 7 7 , 90 ' A l i b . Mu'pyi & D i n al-Tami'i ' A l i a l - N a k w a n d i 11 ' A l i N a q i a l - K a m a r a ' i 1 4 2 , 188 ' A l i N a q i a l - T a b i t a b Z ' i 6 9 , 78 ' A l i Nacti a l - T a b r i z i 207 ' A l i a l - Q i r p i i z i b a d i 7 4 , 173, 199 ' A l i Ria: a l - T a j a l l i 147 'Ali a l - S i ' i z h 71 'Ali al-iiw{i 99 ' A l i a l - S h a h r a s t i n i 1 3 8 , 141, 1 7 1 , 188

242

INDEX

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHi'i LAW

'Ali al-Shiilastini 138 'Ali al-Tihrini 6 9 , 76 'Ali al-Tustari 99 'Ali al-'UsfGr? 151 'A17 al-Yazdi al-Mudarris 72 'Ali al-Zawiri 134 'Ali b . Zayn alF'Abidin 69 A1-'Allima 8 , 23, 47-9, 70-6, 1 0 3 , 152, 204 Amin al-Astaribidi 52, 5 4 , 129 Amin al-Islim al-Tabrisi 45, 114 Amin al-TunT 149 Amjad Jjusayn A l l i h i b i d i 83 A1-Ansiri 9 , 1 1 , 5 7 , 9 9 , 112, 1 1 8 , 124, 1 3 7 , 1 5 4 , 1 5 6 , 1 5 7 , 1 5 8 , 1 6 0 , 1 7 4 , 1 8 3 , 1 8 4 , 185, 1 8 9 , 1 9 2 , 1 9 7 , 202, 203, 207.

Aqi

al-Darbandi 90 Al-Ardabili 51-3. 83.. 95.. 115. 1 6 4 , 1 7 7 , 199 Asad Allah al-Shafti 69, 130 Al-iishtiyini 1 1 , 1 1 2 , 118, 131, 1 4 1 , 1 4 4 , 153, 211 'At;' Allih al-Amuli 186 AwEang Zib al-QijZr 66 'Aziz Allih al-Khalkhili 132

Badr al-Din al-Naysibiiri 150 B a h i ' al-Din al-'Amili 5 1 , 71, 7 4 , 8 5 , 9 6 , 106. 117. 122.

Dhu '1-Majdayn 75 QiyZ' al-Din al-A'ralT 73 p i y i ' al-Din a l b C A r i q i 9 , 1 1 , 58, 9 4 , 1 2 1 , 1 4 1 , 212, 213 Qiyi' al-Din al-gusayni 133 Qiyi' al-Din al-Jurjini 95 Q i y i ' al-Din al-Mareashi 84 F Al-Faail al-Hindi 51, 71, 8 8 , 109, 1 4 9 , 165 A1-Fioil al-Jawid 1 1 6 , 135 A1-Fieil al-Miqdid = al-Miqdid Fadl Allah al-Astaribidi 104 Fakhr &Din al-Musawi 81Fakhr al-Din al-Nariqi 7 4 , 92 Fakhr &Din ai-Sabi'i 1 3 2 , 204 Fakhr al-Din al-Turaybi 66, 123 Fakhr alkMu4aqqiqin 4 8 , 49, 7 6 , 1 0 3 , 119, 1 5 2 , 163 F a t t i b ai-Shahidi 118, 1 7 4 , 214 Al-Fay@ 5 , 1 6 , 1 8 , 5 2 , 5 5 , 86-7, 1 2 8 , 148, 153, 1 8 2 , 188 Fay@ Allah al-Tafrishi 136 Fays k3usayn 75 FayyZQ al-Zanlini 1 5 8 , 182 G

GhulZm JJusayn al-Darbandi 92 H

B a h i ' al-Din al-Mashriqi 147 Babr al-'Uliim 56, 89-96, 1 5 6 , 165, 201 Al-Balighi 1 2 1 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 2 , 141, 1 7 0 , 1 7 1 , 174 Banda tiusavn al-Naaawi 200 Biyazid a l - T h ~ n i 125, 1 3 8 , 1 4 5 Al-Bihbahini 9 , 55, 5 6 , 8 1 , 8 3 , 8 4 , 8 5 , 8 6 , 8 7 , 8 9 , 9 7 , 110, 1 2 0 , 1 2 4 , 130, 1 5 1 , 161, 169, 1 7 0 , 180. 189

JJasan al-JJi'iri al-Yazdi 98 Jjasan b . al-Jjusim 77 Basan al-TJusayni 208 Basan al-Jjusayni al-Gilini 8 3 JJasan al-JJusayni al-KZshini 70 83 Jjasan Isfandiyiri 73 Basan b . I s m i e i l al-Qummi 118 Jjasan al-Karaki 1 4 6 , 170 JJasan b . M . al-Astaribidi 1 1 5 Basan al-Najmibidi 1 5 3 , 1 6 0 , 178 JJasan b . Rishid al-Villi 132 Basan al-$adr 1 3 1 Flasan al-Yazdi al-Mudarris 68 &shim 167 Hishim al-LIusayni 128 JJaydar 'Ali al-Shirwini 8 1 , 1 5 3 , 155, 1 6 5 , 1 6 7 , 169 Hidayat Allih al-Qummi 110 Al-Burr al-'Amili 5 , 55, 8 7 , 156. 170. 201. 206 Busayn b . 'Abd al-$amad 5 1 , 5 2 , 71, 7 5 , 106, 120, 1 2 2 , 133, 1 3 9 , 1 4 6 , 1 7 7 , 1 9 7 , 212 JJusayn al-Ardabili 95 Jjusayn al-A'sam 68 Busayn b . Abi '1-Qisim al-Khwinsiri 8 2 , 130 Busayn 'Ali al-Muntagiri 1 1 , 152. 158. 215

I.1abib Allih al-KishZni 6 6 , 9 2 , 118 H i d i al-Kirminshihi 69 Hid7 al-Tihrini 1 1 , 9 3 , 1 1 2 , 118, 1 5 7 , 1 7 6 , 1 7 9 , 1 8 1 , 192, 208 Ijifig al-Kishini 172 A1-Bakim 5 8 , 9 2 , 9 4 , 174 Al-JJalabi 1 3 , 43, 63 Bimid al-Budali' 107 IIZrin al-Jazi'iri 122 JJasan b . 'Abd al-GhaffZr 134 Basan b . 'Ali al-JJusayni 100 Ijasan 'Ali al-Tihrini 157 Basan 'Ali al-'l'ustari 8 5 , 147 JJasan iil Kashif al-Ghiti' 57, 9 1 , 9 3 , 9 8 , 1 7 1 , 207, 210 JJasan al-A'raji 69 JJasan al-BujnGrdi 119 JJasan b . Ghiyith alkAstaribidi 134-5 Basan al-Gilini 185

JJusayn al-Dimghini 1 3 5 Jjusayn al-Darb Imimi 211 JJusayu al-Hamadini 75 Jjusayn b . JJaydar al-Karaki 162 JJusayn al-Villi 113 JJusayn al-Karaki 1 8 1 Husavn a l - ~ h w i n s i r i51. 8 7 , 1;7, 158, 169 JJusayn b . M . al-JJusayni 166 JJusayn al-Naqawi 137 JJusayn al-Qazwini 6 7 , 7 1 , 8 2 , 1 2 8 , 1 3 0 , 141, 142 1 7 5 , 1 8 9 , 195 Husavn Quli al-Hamadini 1 5 3 , I;,, i 8 1 , 211 Jjusayn al-$aymari 6 7 , 1 6 6 , 172 JJusayn al-Tabasi 199 Husavn al-Uwili 1 3 5

.

I Ibn Abi Jumhiir 117,119, 132, 134

AUTHORS

243

Ibn Ibn Ibn Ibn

Abi '1-Majd 45, 64 al-Barrii 43. 63. 121 Diwiid ai-villi 6'5, 7 6 , 1 0 3 Fahd 50, 78-9, 1 0 4 , 119, 1 2 8 , 133, 1 5 2 , 1 6 2 , 163, 187 Ibn Fahd al-Absi'i 79 Ibn Hamza 4 5 . - 6 5 Ibn k i l i l 50, i 3 Ibn I d r i s 38. 46. 6 5 . 102 Ibn a l - ~ u t a w w i j4 9 , '73, 7 8 , 204 Ibn al-Naiiir 7 3 Ibn Najm al- in 1 0 3 Ibn S h a h r i s h u b 45, 46, 102 Ibn Tawq al-Babrini 111, 117, 1 2 0 , 1 2 7 , 1 3 8 , 144, 145, 167, 1 9 6 , 208 Ibn Tayy 7 9 , 172 Ibn Zuhra 8 , 46, 6 5 Ibrihim al-Dizfiili 89 IbrZhim al-Kaf'ami 159 l b r i h i m Khalifa Sultan 8 1 , 84 Ibriihim al-Lihiji 68 IbrZhim b . Layth al-LIusayni 134 lbriihim al-Qazwini 9 , 68 IbrZhim al-Shirszi 82 Ibriihim al-Warriq 114 'Imad al-Tabari 45, 95 'ImZd al-Din Yiisuf 146 'Iniyat Allih b . Abi '1kFatb 207 ' I n i y a t Allah al-Liirijini 90 ~ 1 - T r a w i n i1 2 1 , 1 4 1 , 171, 174 Ismi'il al-Hazirjaribi 82 Ismi'il al-Marandi 92 Ismi'il al-Niiri 93 Isma'il al-Urmawi 75 'Izz &Din al-Amuli 186 'Izz &Din Babr alb'Uliim 113 J Ja'far al-JJuwayzi 8 1 , 86 J a c k al-Khwinsiri 1 5 5 Ja'far al-Sabzawiri 69 Ja'far al-Subbani 12 J a ' f a r Quli b . 'Abd al-'Ali 1 7 3 Ja'far al-Zahdazi 67 J a m 3 al-Din al-Khwinsiri 5 1 , 1 0 7 , 1 4 9 , 1 6 9 , 198 Jamil al-Din al-Musawi 6 6 , 6 9 , 90 Jamil al-Din b . al-Najjar 73 Jamil al-Din al-Natanzi 206 Jawid al-'Amili 5 6 , 90 Jawid al-Karaki 7 1 Jawid al-Maysi 67, 1 3 3 Jawld al-NaiaE 8 3

244

INDEX OF A U T H O R S

AN INTRODUCTION T O SHi'T LAW K

Kamil al-Din a l - A s t a r i b i d i 115

1 7 6 , 179, 188, 190, 193, 1 9 5 , 203, 204, 213 K i s h i f a l - G h i t i ' 56. 91. 97. 117. 124, 1 2 7 , i z 8 , 130, i 4 2 , ' 1 6 0 , ' 1 6 7 , 173 K h a l a f a l - B a h r Z n i 188 Khalaf a l - J J i i i r i 68 K h i l i d - S a y y i d M i r z i 115 K h a l i l a l - Q a z w i n i 55, 147 K h i d r a l k e A f k Z w i 77. 99 A I - ~ h u ' i 11, 58, 142, 174, 212, Al-Khumayni 12, 1 1 9 , 125, 1 5 4 , A l - K h u r i s i n i 9.

Mabmiid al-Naiafi a l - K i s h i n i 11 2 --Ma4miid a l - ~ h i h r i i d i 166 Mabmiid a l - S h i i l a s t i n i 139 A l - M l b i i z i 55, 71, 125, 1 2 9 , 1 3 6 , 138, 144 Mijid a l - B a b r i n i 1 2 3 Kajid a l - J J u s a y n i a l - B a b r Z n i 1 7 5 Mijis a l - S h a y b i n i 168, 177, 178, 190, 200 Al-Majlisi 1 54, 9 6 , 1 0 7 , 164, 1 9 1 Al-Majlisi I1 5 , 5 2 , 5 4 , 9 7 , 107-8, 124, 1 3 6 , 1 3 8 , 1 4 8 , 153, 164, 1 6 9 , 1 8 7 , 1 9 1 , 1 9 6 , 198, 214 Malik M. a l - T i i n i 116 A l - M a r i g h i 117, 173 M a s h k i i r al-IJawliwi 185 M a s i p a l - T i h r Z n i 6 6 , 74, 7 8 , 82 Mas'iid a l - B i h b a h i n i 125 Al-Maysi 7 1 , 1 3 4 , 1 3 5 A1-Miqdid 1 5 , 3 8 , 49, 7 8 , 1 1 5 , 116 .-.

M i r a k ~ 6 s ;a l - T i i n i 124 M i r F a t t i b 1 1 7 , 173 M i r L n w h i 175 M u h a d h d h a b a l - D i n al- N i l i 46,

M. b . ' A l i b . KhwZtiin al-'Amili 9 6 , 133 1M. ' A l i a l - M a r ' a s h i 180 M. 'Ali a l - M a s j i d s h i h i 178 M. ' A l i al-MZzandarZni 68 M. h . ' A l i b . Mu'min 66 M. ' A l i a l - N i i r i 72 M. ' A l i a l - Q a r i c h a d i g h i 8 3 M. ' A l i a l - ~ a d a w i 70; 8 2 , 209 M. b . 'Ali a l - R a d a w i 78 M. ' A l i a l - S h a f t i 6 9 , 7 8 , 1 4 2 , 197 M. ' A l i a l - S i r k i n i 64 M. 'Ali a l - T a b r i z i a l - M u d a r r i s

."

75

M. ' A l i a l - T a w h i d i 174 M. ' A l i a l - ~ a z d i 99 M. ' A l i al-YiizbZshi 112

M. M. M. M.

M. a t - A ' r a j i 69 M. A s h r a f a l - l j u s a y n i 153, 197 M. a l - A s h r a f i 100 M. b . 'Ashiir a l - K i r m i n s h i h i 6 9 , 151. 1 8 7 . 1 9 4 , 208 M. b . ahr ram 76 M. B i q i r a l - B i r j a n d i 1 9 4 , 196 M. BZqir a l - G u l p Z y i g i n i 6 9 , 8 2 ,

M. M. M. M. M. M.

YY( ""

L L u t f ' A l i a l - T a b r i z i 91 L u J f A l l a h a l - M a y s i 8 0 , 1 6 3 , 188

M a h d i a l - F u t i i n i 56 M a h d i al-JJakim 70 M a h d i al-KhZlisi 70, 125, 1 2 8 , 171 M a h d i a l - N a r i q i 8 9 , 97 M a h d i a l - Q u m s h a ' i 69 M a h d i a l - T a b i i a b i ' i 87 Malpmiid a l - A s h t i y i n i 1 3 8 , 186 Mapmiid a 1 - B u r i i j i r d i 90 Mapmiid a l - H i s h i m i 1 2 Mapmiid a l - K i v i m i 158 Mabmiid a l - K h w i n s i r i 180 Mailmiid a l - K h u ' i 92 Mabmiid a l - K i r m n s h i h i 1 1 1 , 165,

Mu'izz a l - D i n a l - l f u s a y n i 114 Mu'izz a l - D i n al-Miisawai 8 5 , 1 1 6 , 136, 205 Al-Mufid 7 , 34, 37-43, 62, 100-1, 114, 161, 193, 199 Muflip a l - Y a y m a r i 5 0 , 7 9 , 104, 1 5 2 , 1 7 2 , 187 M. ' A b b i s a l - L a k n a w i 8 3 , 127, 1 8. 5 ..

M. b . ' A b d a l - K a r i m a l - B u r i i j i r d i 191 M. b . ' A b d al-WahhZb al-KZzimT ,-1 2 4 , 201 M . b . Abi T i l i b a l - A s t a r i b Z d i 1 3 5 M. b . A b m a d b . A b i TZlib 205 M. b . A p m a d a l - B a b r i n i 1 4 4 , 1 5 5 M. A b m a d b . K h w i t i i n alAmili 7 1 M. A m i n a l - A h 5 r i 69 MI. b . ' A l i a l - A r d a k Z n i 90 M. b . ' A l i 2 1 - A s t a r i b i d i 115 M. 'Ali a l - A s t a r i b i d i 115 M. 'A17 a l - G i l i n i 83, 140 M. b . 'A17 b . b a y d a r al-'Amili 1 1 6 , 165 M. ' A l i a l - H a z g r j a r i b i 7 4 , 8 2 , 192 M. ' A l i a l - K l z i m i 11 M. ' A l i a l - K h u s r a w s h i h i 179 M . ' A l i a l - K h w i n s Z r i 174

p,

M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M.

M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M.

M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M.

B Z q i r al-KazzZzi 168 B i q i r a l - K h w i n s i r i 203 BZqir a l - K h w i t u n i b i d i B i q i r al-LZhiji 9 1 B i q i r al-Maraghi 69 B i q i r b . M. T a q i 65 B i q i r al-Miisawi 177 B i a i r al-Sadr 12 B Z q l r a l - S h a r i f al-QummT 8 8 B i q i r al-Tabitabi'i a l - Y a z d i 77 7n7 -, -B i u l r a l - T a b r i z i 160 ~ Z q i ar l - Y a z d i 69 Figil a l - M a s h h a d i 1 9 1 al-FiriiaZbZdi 1 4 1 a l - F i s h Z r a k i 153 H Z d i a l - A s t a r Z b i d i 213 HidT a l - I J u s a y n i 132 H i d i a l - M H z a n d a r i n i 7 4 , 142, 161, 191 H Z d i a l - M i l i n i 158 H i d i a l - S a b z a w Z r i 175 HZdi al-Khu'i 71 a l - H a r a w i 210 al-JJarfiishi 117 b . JJirith a l - A s t a r i b i d i 121 b . H i r i t h a l - B a b r i n i 135, 199 JJasan A d i b 62 b . H a s a n al-'Amili 8 1 , 1 3 6 , 168

M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M.

245

a a s a n a l - B a r a g h i n i 72 IJasan a l - B i r f u r i i s h i 8 3 JJasan a l - H a r a w i 88 l j a s a n a l - K h u r i s Z n i 110 JJasan al-NTamaqini 9 4 , 174 l j a s a n b . M. T a q i 211 JJasan al-Mugaffar 74 a a s a n a l - N i i r b a k h s h i 110 JJasan a l - Q a z w i n i 88 JJasan al-Qummi 123 f i a s a n a l - S h i r i z i 5 7 , 118 b . L*asan a l - T a b r i z i 1 3 1 Hiishim a l - K h u r Z s i n i 1 4 0 , 1 7 3 , 1 8 0 , 193, 208 IIZshim a l - K h w i n s i r i 1 3 0 , 160 H i s h i m a l - T a s i i j i 70 al-IJujja a l - K i i h k a m a r i 178 J J u s a y n i i l K i s h i f al-Ghifa' 113 U u s a y n a l k e A r a b al-DZmid 70 I j u s a y n a l - B a s t i m i 133 a l - k l u s a y n i 136 a l - H u s a y n i al-LZhiji 108 a l - l j u s a y n i al-Qummi 110 f i u s a y n a l - l p f a h i n i 9 , 1 1 , 58, 1 7 4 , 182 J J u s a y n al-Kigimi 69-70 I J u s a y n a l - K h w i n s Z r i 7 5 , 118, 1 2 6 , 1 4 3 , 1 5 4 , 159, 166, 1 6 7 , 1 8 1 , 1 8 5 , 214 B u s a y n a l - K h w i t i i n l b Z d i 97, 17.Q ---

f i u s a y n al-Qumsha':

83, 93

b . J J u s a y n a l - R a o a w i 66

f i u s a y n a l - R a d a w i 6 9 , 74, 78 l j u s a y n al-Ragawi a l - K i s h i n i 70 J J u s a y n a l - S h a h r a s t Z n i 70 B u s a y n a l - T a b i b a l - T l h r Z n i 69 i b r i h i m al-IJZ'lri a l - Q a z w i n i 77 I b r i h i m a l - H. u s a v" n i a l - Q a z w i n i 8 1 , 8 4 , 1 1 5 , 213 I b r i h i m a l - K a l b i s i 8 6 , 93, 99 I b r i h i m al-KZvimi 177 I b r i h i m a l - K h a r a q i n i 68 I b r Z h i m al-Miisawi 111 I b r i h i m al-QishlZqi 66, 8 3 I b r i h i m a l - R a s h t i 183 I s p i q a l F F a y y Z 0 11 I s m i ' i l a l - F a d i ' i 7 5 , 135 I s m i ' i l a l - K h w i t i i n i b i d i 148 b . IsmZ'il al-MZzandarZni 98 J a ' f a r a l - X b Z d a ' i 8 3 , 99 Ja'far a l - A r d a s t i n i 151 J a ' f a r al-AstarZbidi 74, 75,

246

A N INTRODUC

M . Ja'far al-FarShi 88 M . Ja'far al-Hamadini 82, 84, 86 M . Ja'far al-Hussyni al-KishZni . 171, 208 M . J a e f a r al-guwayzi 188 M . Ja'far al-~alb%3i 72 M . Ja'far al-Khabiishzni 107 M . Ja'far al-Kirnlinshihi 75, 87, 111 M . J a ' f a r b . M . T i h i r 83 M . Ja'far al-SabbawZri 133, 144, ~

lfil A"A

M. Ja'far al-Sharastini 176 M . J a ' f a r al-ShirZzi 142 M . Ja'far al-Tihrini 185, 202

M . Mahdi >l-Gilini 68 M . Mahdi al-gusayni al-Mashhadi 72, 86, 180, 188 M . Mahdi al-Kalbisi 72, 78, 93, 111 M . Mahdi al-Khwinsiri 132 M . Mahdi al-KujTiri 69 M . Mahdi al-MapallZti 99 M . Mahdi al-Miisawi 82 M . Mahdi al-Qazwini 69 M . Mahdi al-Ragawi 135 M . al-Maaibi 89 M. M. M. M.

b . ka'siim al-Radawi 77 b . M . b . 'Abd Allih 73 b . M . 'Ali al-Kishini 66 b . M . Kizim al-Khurisini 182, 2 1 1 M. b . M . Ma'giim al-Mashhadi 86 M . b . M . Muhsin al-Kishini 86

156, 187 M . Mubsin al-KishZni 86 M . Mu'min al-gusayni 143 M . Muaim al-BZrfurtishi 82

N TO SHi'T LAW

M. M. M. M. M. M.

al-Muwabbidi 138 al-Ni'ini 82 al-Naraqi 151 Na$ir al-Birfuriishi 142, 152 b . NagsZr al-guwayzi 133 b . Niqim al-Din al-AstarZbZdi 133 --"

M . b . QZsim 147 M . b . Qisim al-Igfahini 81 M . QZsim al-Mizandarini 165 M . ~ i s i mal-SZwiji 205 M . Quli al-Kantiiri 210 M . al-Radawi al-Tiisi 69 M. Rafi' b . Faraj al-Gilini 82, 115, 150 M . Rafi' al-Gilini al-Igfahini 84 M . Rauirn al-Buriijirdi 70, 74, 159, 178 M . Rapim al-Sabzawiri 161 M . Rasiil b. 'Abd alb0Aziz 178 M . Rasiil a l - K i s h i n i 176 M . Rid: XI Bapr al-'Uliim 77, 82 M . Rid$ al-Astaribidi 87, 130 M . R i d i b . 'Ali Sharif al-

M. M. M. M.

M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M.

R ~ G Za l - ~ h f r i z i66 Ridi al-Tabrizi 71 a]-kupafzi'i 151 s i d i q 82 Sidiq al-gilli al-ShirZzi 1 4 4 Sidiq al-Kishmiri 67 Sidia b . Muhammad 67 8Zdiq a l - ~ i i c i n i75 Sidia al-SirkZni 104. 139. 183 ~ a ' i c i 85 Sa'id al-QuhuZ'i 115. 202 s i l i b a l - A i t a i i b i d i 67, 86,207 QZlip al-BaraghZni 71, 72 Silih al-DimZd 83. 92 8iliIj a l - F a r i h i n i 65 s i l i b al-Khalkhili 82, 140 s i l i p al-KhwitiinibZdi 142, 161, 197 s i l i b al-Simnini 184, 186 Sarwar al-BihsCidi 11-12 Shail' al-Irawini 207 Shafi' al-FEmani 124 Shafi' al-Mizandarini 181, 196 Shafic b . M . Husavn 77 a l - ~ h a h s h a h i i ig i T i h i Najaf 93, 125, 209

INDEX

AUTHORS

247

Muntajab al-Din al-Rizi 154 Murid al-Tafrishi 125 Al-Murtabi 7. 34. 41-3. 45. 46.

M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M.

M. M. M.

%ir al-RZnakii'i 69 Taqi al-iimuli 94, 138, 174 Taqi al-ArdakZni 168, 181 Taqi al-Astaribidi 67, 107 T a a i al-BarehZni 68 ~ a i ail - ~ u r t u j i r d i 11 T a a i al-Harawi 83.. 92.. 99.. 130; 171, 196 T a a i al-Isfahini al-Mudarris 118Taqi al-Kashini 169 T a a i al-Kishmiri 148 ~ a i al-Khishti i 66 T a a i al-Masiidshihi 202

9, 124 M . Taqi Mu15 KitZb 177 M . Taqi al-Naqawi 200, 207 M . Taoi al-Niiri 160. 162. 192 199: 207, 209 M . T a a i al-QZ'ini 149

M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M.

~ a i al-Tabasi i 71 Taqi al-Tabrizi 193 Taqi al-TZliqini 68 Taqi al-Tunukibuni 211 al-TunukZbuni 72 a l - T u r k i b i d i 110 al-TEsi al-Mashhadi 90 Yabyi al-SZwiji 140 YGsuf al-Astaribidi 129 Yiisuf al-GilZni 133 M . YCsuf al-LZhiji 86 Al-Mubaqqiq 8, 14, 18, 23, 47, 48, 64, 65-70, 102, 139 Mubsin al-Amin 75, 186, 194 Mubsin al-A'raji 86, 89, 91, 151 Muusin al-Ardabili 158 Mubsin al-A'sam 68 MuQsin al-Khanfar 174, 202 MuQsin al-Rashti 127, 207 Al-Mujihid 9, 57, 87, 92, 98, 111. 210 A I - ~ u j t a h i d120, 128, 131, 139, 146, 168, 200, 212 Mu'in al-Din al-Migri 46, 126, 203 Al-Mukhtiri 77, 127, 138, 138, 145, 172, 178, 198, 206 Mull: Mu'min 131 Mu'min al-Ardabili 71 Munir al-Din al-Buriijirdi 121

MurtaGZ al-khusrawshihi 179 Murtadi al-Sirawi 146 M u r t a i i al-Sidihi 83 Miisi A1 Kishif al-Ghiti' 82. 123 MiisZ b . Fadl AllZh al-.Hamadin? 69, 175 M i i s i al-Khwinsiri 174 Miisi al-Kirminshihi 75 Mustafa al-Khu'i 68

Nagir &Din al-NarZqi 82-3 Nagir al-Din a1-Tiisi 204 Nagr Algh al-Astaribidi 71, 154 Naqar 'Ali al-Tiliqini 176, 212, 214 -- Ni'rnat AllZh b . ' ~ b dA I ~ Z 68~ Ni'mat Allih al-Jazi'iri 55, 123, 7nl -"-

Nizim &Din al-Siwiji 96 Niir AllZh al-Tustari 84, 125, 141, 146 Niir al-Din al-Akhbiri 86

&aw%m.al-~inal-Qazwini 67 Querry, A. 67

Radi al-Din b . M . Nabi al-Qazwini 120, 198

248

AN INTRODUCTION

R a a i al-Din M . b . gasan alQazwini 1 6 2 Raf'i' al-Din al-NZ'ini 72, 84, 96, 107 Ripat g u s a y n al-Giipalpiiri 159,190 Al-Rashti 57,125,156,157,174,182, 184,185,202,203,208,211 Al-Riwandi 45, 46, 102, 115 Riga al-HamadZni 57, 94, 174 Ridi al-Lutfi 121 Ridi al-Tabrizi 69 R
Al-Sabzawiri 52, 81, 85, 9 6 , 117. 1 4 7 . 164, 175

"",

TITLES

-

Shams al-Din al-Astaribidi 128 Shams al-Din M . MitqZlbZf 105 Sharaf al-Din 'Ali al-Astarabadi 135 Al-Sharif al-gusayni 188 S h i r i b al--Wafiya 56, 89, 125 Al-Shaykh 4, 7, 18, 23, 44-8, 63, 102, 121, 122, 200, 203 Shaykh al-Shari'a 131, 180, 209 Al-Shirwini 67, 74, 107, 128, 153, 199, 208 Shubbar b . M . al-Najafi 127, 155, 162 Shukr Allah al-JJusayni 127 Sultan M . al-KishZni 133 Sultan alk'Ulami' 8 , 107, 164

&u-

Sadr al-Din M . al-Radawi alK i s h i n i 155 Sadr al-Din al-Tabitabi'i T i h i r al-JJusayni al-Dakani 135 Al-Tuwalini 134

Yabyi b . Sa'id 18, 41, 70, 102 Ya'qiib al-Birfuriishi 124 Al-Yazdi 58. 94, 100, 112, 154, 174, 186 Yiisuf al-Gilini 70 Yiisuf al-TabrTzT 214 Qibib a l - ~ i ; i g 56, 17, 87, 91, 98, 110, 165, 167 Al-Sahrashti 45, 64 Sallir b . 'Abd al-'Aziz 14, 43, 63 Al-Samihiji 55, 97, 108 9, 149 Al-SsrZb 115, 142, 148-9, 161, 198 Al-Sayyid 'Amid al-Din 48, 76, 204 S h i d h i n b . Jibri'il 139 Al-Shafti 56, 99, 111, 130, 137, 165, 170, 181, 183, 184, 189, 196,203 S h i h TZhir al-Dskani 135 Al-Shahid al-Awwal 8, 14, 15,

Allih 108, 110 Ajwibat masi'il al-sayyid g u s a y n

~

zahir al-Din al-Nil? 76 Zayn albeAbidin a l - T a b a f a b i ' i 68 Zayn alkCAbidin al-gusayni 96 Zayn al-'Abidin al-Lirijini 142 Zavn alb'zbidin al-Sabzawiri " .. 192, 20_: Zavn al-'Abidin al-Tabrizi 129 ~ayn alb'xbidin al-Tabitaba'i 68 Zayn al-Din al-gilli 103

AlbeLbidiyya 135 Abwib al-jinin, 148 s d i b al-galit 136 AdZb-i saniyya 197 Adxi al-tijZra 97 Adillat al-rashid 93 Af'il-i pajj 164 Ahkim 'aqd al-nikib 187 ApkZm al-amwit 128 Abkim al-'idlala alkeAlawiyya AbkZm al-bajj 165 Abkim al--jani'iz 128 Ahklam al-iizva 169 Aikim al-khalal 154 AbkXm alkmukhilifin 170 Abkim-i nijXsit 129 Abklam al-nisZ' 114 AQkim galit al-jum'a 151 Abkim-i gayd wa dhabz'ib 199 Abkim-i shakk wa sahw 153 Abkim-i gulh 181 AbkZm al-taw%€ 166 A4kim alFiumra 167 Abkim al-'uqiid 174 Abkim-i yamin 198 Al-Abmadi 36 Ajwad al-taqririt 11 Ajwibat al-masla'il 107, 109, 110, 112 Ajwibat al-masi'il al-fiqhiyya 103, 104, 107, 109 Ajwibat masa'il al-JJussyn b . Rabi'a al-Madani 105 Ajwibat masi'il Ibn Farruj 105 Ajwibat masa'il Ibn Zuhra 103 Ajwibat masa'il mawlini YCisuf al-Mizandarini 104 Ajwibat masi'il al-mawli Majd al-Din 107 Ajwibat al-masi'il al-Miizibiyya 105 Ajwibat masla'il al-Miqdid 104 Ajwibat masi'il M . b . Juwaybar 106 Ajwibat masi'il M . b . Mujihid 104 Ajwibat al-masi'il almuhanni'iyya 103 Ajwibat al-masi'il al-Najafiyya 105 Ajwibat al-masa'il al-Qaymariyya 104 Ajwibat masi'il al-sayyid 'Abd

.111 ..

Ajwibat masi'il al-sayyid Sharaf al-Din al-SamZki 105 Ajwibat masi'il al-sayyid Yabyi 1118 --Ajwibat al-masa'il al-Shimiyya 105 Ajwibat masi'il al-shaykh 'Abd Allih 108 Aiwibat masi'il al-shavkh ,~ - - -'A17 --' al-Baprini 1 0 8 Ajwibat rnasi'il al-shaykh T i h i r I. nfi . .

Aiwibat masi'il al-shavkh M al-Darizi 111 Ajwibat masi'il al-shaykh NZgir al-Khaffi 108 Ajwibat masZ'il al-shaykh QZliQ al-Jazi'iri 106 Ajwibat masi'il al-shaykh Sulaymin 108 Ajwibat masi'il Shukr b . Warndin 105 Ajwibat al-masi'il al-thalith 109,

... 111

Ajwibat masi'il waradat . . . 'an al-sida al-'ulama' 104 A1-A'lim al-jaliyya 133 61-Alfiyya 132 Amal al-yawm wa 'I-layla 122 Al-Amr by '1-ma'ruf 170 A l ' Aniwin 117 Anis al-Tawwibin 172 Anis al-tujjir 97 Al-Anwar alh'aliyya 132 Al-Anwar al-bahiyya 122 AnwZr al-diriya 88 Anwir al-faqiha 93 Al-Anwir al-Gharawiyya 78 Al-Anwar al-giriyya 109 Al-Anwir al-jaliyya 109 Al-Anwir al-lawamis 87 Al-Anwir al-qamariyya 136 Al-Anwir al-Radawiyya 66 Anwar a l - r i y i a 91 'Aqd al-Bisi' 114 Al-Aqtib al-fiqhiyya 1 1 7 Arba' masi'il fiqhiyya 104 Agilat al-luziim 1 7 1 AlkCAsharaal-kimila 205 Al-Ashie'a al-badriyya 135 'Awi'id al-ayyim 117 Alb'Awig 100 Awqit-i namiz 138

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHi'f LAW Awqit al-galZt 138 Awthaq al-wasZ'il 9 1 Ayidi sabZ 107 61-Aya al-mubgira 75 AyZt al-abkim 115, 116 Ayit al-jihad 168 Al-'Ayn 178 B Bib-i jinin 1 4 4 Al-Badr al-zZhir 152, 1 5 6 Babr al-fawi'id 11 Al-Babr al-zZkhir 1 2 5 Babr al-baqi'iq 68 Babr al-jawihir 93 Al-BaQr al-limie 66 Al-Bayin 76 Bayin al-baqq 184 Al-Bayyinit 204 Bidiyat al-bidiya 87 Bughyat al-raghibin 152 Bughyat al-tilib 97, 1 7 4 Bubiith fiqhiyya 113 Al-Bulgha 1 4 6 Bulghat al-faqih 112 Bulghat al-tilib 174 Burhin al-ashrif 1 8 4 Al-Burhin al-qiti' 66 Burhin al-sadid 7 1 B u s h r i al-mubaqqiqin 47

Dali'il al-apkim 68, 69, 74 Dalil al-nisik 166 Daqi'iq al-afiim 69 QawZbit al-khams 153 Dawibit al-riai' 190 A1-Dhahabiyya 1 4 1 Al-Dhahab al-masbiik 1 4 1 DhakhZ'ir al-imima 158 Dhakhi'ir al-nubuwwa 1 7 9 Dhakhi'ir al- 'uqbii 8 5 Al-Dhakllira al-abadiyya 109 Al-Dhakhira al-biqiya 1 0 9 Dhakhirat al-badi'i' 68 Dhakhirat al-ma'Zd 72, 85 Dhakhirat al-jazi' 85 A1-Dhari 'if 68 Dharii 'i' al-ablim 94 Dharii'i' al-anim 70 Dhikri al-Shi'a 76 DhikrZ dhawi '1-nuhi 1 3 1 Al-Dhukhr al-limi' 86 Al-Qiyii' al-limi' 66

INDEX OF TITLES

QiyZ' alk'uqiil 194 Droit Musulman 67 Durar al-fawi'id 11 Al-Durar al-ghawili 1 2 1 Al-Durar al-manziima 7 2 Durar al-niqid 7 1 Al-Durra 89 Al-Durra al-durriyya 204 Al-Durra al-gi'iriyya 6 9 , 78 Al-Durra al-Najafiyya 1 1 0 Al-Durra al-gafiyya 132 Durrat al-asrak 2 0 1 Durrat al-durravn 1 9 2 Al-Durr al-manifid 1 7 2 , 173 Al-Duriis 76 Duriis fi fiqh al-Shi'a 1 2 5 Duriis 5 'ilm al-ugiil 12

FawZ'id al-Shari'i' 79 Fawii'id al-ugiil 11 Fiqh al-Qur'Zn 115 Fiah al-Sidia 7 5 Al-Fitra ai-mal,?kiitiyya 1 2 2 Al-Fugiil al-khamsa 202 Fugiig firGzajZt khafiyya 9D

/ Fi'ida fi burmat galit al-jum'a 150

Fii'ida fi burmat simii' gawt almar'a 1 8 6 Fi'ida fi jawiz bay' al-shart 1 7 9 FZ'ida fi 'I-mawirith 207 Fi'ida fi '1-mut'a 1 9 3 Fi'ida fT talia al-wali 195 Al-~dhZlik'9 0 ' Al-Fakhrivva 119 A l - F Z k i h a " ~ l - ~ Z ~ i m1i0~8 ~ a Al-Fakhriyya 123 AI-Fari'ig 204, 206 Al-Fari'id al-Bahi'iyya 205 A1-Fari'ia al-Nagiriyya 204 Fari'id al-ugiil 11 Fari'id-i 132 . vawmivva " " " Al-Farq bayn al-fariaa wa '1nifila 1 2 1 Al-Farq bayn al-taliq al-raj'i wa '1-bi'in 1 9 5 Fara-i mivZn mard wa zan 1 1 4 ~ 1 - & g i h kl-munhij 4 7 Fagl al-khitZb 1 2 9 Fagl al-khitib al-Ibr3himiyya 8 2 Fatiwi 1 0 5 Al-Fatiwi al-Uusayniyya 97 Fatb al-mafati0 86 FaltZb al-majimi' 90 Al-FawZ'id 68, 112 Al-Fawi'id al-'illiyya 122, 1 3 5 Fawi'id ii galst al-musifir 1 5 5 Al-Fawi'id al-Gharawiyya 136 FawZ'id al-marim 67 Fawi'id mutafarriqa 1 0 5 Fawi'id al-Qawi'id 8 0 A1-Fawi'id al-sariyya 1 3 6

Al-Ghiliya 1 3 1 Ghani'im al-ayyim 92 Ghanimat al-ma'id 7 1 Ghiyat al-imZl 174 Ghivat al-iiiz 1 3 3 ~ h i y a tal-lirhtly~r 189 GhZvat al-marim 7 9 ~ h i y a al-murZd t 77, 167 Ghiyat al-su'iil 194 Al-Gharawiyya 135 Ghunyat al-nuzii' 65 Ghurar al-majimi' 66 Al-Ghurra 9 0 Al-Ghurra al-Gharawiyya 78 Al-Ghurra al-ganafiyya 90

gadd al-masZfa 155 A1-HZdi ila '1-rashid 7 1 Al-gab1 al-matin 85 A1-HadZ'iq al-nZQira 89 HZdi al-murJillin 1 3 5 Al-gadiqa al-Najafiyya 83 Hadiaat al-muttaain 91. 96 $adi&t a l - ~ a w $ L 8 3 Hadiyyat al-ikhwin 1 2 3 Hadiyyat al-mu'minin 1 2 3 Al-JJajj wa '1-'umra 164 pall alb'asir 130 gall 'ibira mu'aala 74 !$all shakk 1 6 9 !$all al-'uqiid 108 Al-IJaqi'iq 69 JJaqq al-qadZ' 1 1 2 Al-JJaqq al-gurZb 187 Al-gi'iriyya 1 4 1 Al-ljishiya 'ali k . al-fari'id 204, 206

Ijishiya 'ali Risilat al-taliq 1 9 6 Ijishiya 'ali risilat al-Tiini 149 Ijishiyat al-IrshZd 76 al-Uishiya al-raaiyya 83 Uishiyat al-Shari'i' 80

g i w i al-marim

69

Al-Uaydariyya 135 Al-HidZya 62, 1 3 4 HidZyat al-abkim 88 Hidiyat al-akhyir 99 HidZyat al-a'lZm 86 Hidiyat al-anim 69, 159 HidZyat al-ikhwin 107 Al-Hidiya a-Mahdiyya 77 Hidiyat al-sZ'il 108 Hidiyat al-Shi'a 92 Hidiyat al-girit 149 Hidiyat al-falib 174 Hidiyat al-tilibin 84, 100 HidZyat al-umma 88 Bisin al-yawiqit 1 3 8 Al-Ejiyal al-shar'iyya 180 Al-Huiia 147 gu<m al-bikim 1 6 1 Hukm-i mili-i Nisibi 1 6 9 i1ukm muliqi al-najis 129 gukm al-musifara 1 6 3 Uukm ru'yat al-hilil 1 6 1 gukm taklif al-kZfir 169 Ejukm al-talZq 183, 1 9 5 fiurmat al-mashihid 167 Burmat galit al-jum'a 1 5 0

Al-IbZna al-mardiyya 82, 140 Ibinat al-mukhtZr 209 Ibtirrhi' al-fadila 1 7 5

Idriik al-rak'a 138 Al-Ifada al-iimilivva 120 Ifadat a l - ~ a d i r ifi AlkI4tiyitiit al-fiqhiyya ~ l - T j i z203 Al-'ljsla al-miijaza 1 6 5 I'lim al-abibba 1 7 5 Al-I'lim 1 0 1 Imitat al-1ithZm 116 lmli' E wagf din al-Imimiyya -Inirat al-turiis 77, 198 Inas sulfan al-mu'minin 116 Al-'InZya al-Ilihiyya 9 0 A1-Ingif 93 Al-Intigir 63 -Iqimat al-budiid 1 7 0 IqZg al-nz'imin 175

252

A N INTRODUC TION TO SHT'I LAW

'Iqd fi '1-'ilm al-ijmZli 121 'Iqd fiilzim ghayr al-Imimi 170 Al-'lqd al-gusayni 120 'Iqd al-jawihir 103 'Iqd al-1a'Zli 121 A1-IqtizZd 71, 1 2 1 Al-lqtigid wa '1-irshZd 1 2 2 IrshZd al-adhhZn 71 I r s h i d al-mustarshidin 99 Irshzd al-gilibin 137 I r s h i d al-sZlik 165 A1-Irtimis fi '1-gawm 162 Igibat al-paqq 181 Isba4 al-Shi'a 64 I s h i r i t al-fiqh 82 IshZrat al-sabq 64 Al-IshrZf 62 Ishtirat gibbat al-gawm 162 IglZb alk'amal 98 Al-Istanbuliyya 123 Istibbiib al-tayzsur 139 Ishiqgi' al-naqar 89 I t h b i t al-siyida 158, 159 Al-lthni'ashariyya 107, 136, 206 Al-Ithni'ashariyyZt 122 A1-ICtikifiyya 163 IzZhat al-'illa 139 1zil;at a l - i ~ t i b i i142 Izihat al-shukiik 141. 142. 197 lziiiat al-waswasa 167 I q h i r ma 'indi 165 AIFeIzziyya 102

A1-Jacfariyya 134 &' al-baqq 148 J a l i ' al-shubahZt 151 Jam'a 146 &mi'-i 'Abbisi 96 J-ami' al-apkZm 69 &mi' al-aawil 92 &mi' al-fatvZ'id 73, 85, 116 &mio-i J a ' f a r i 6 7 J-ami'-i Radawi 67 Jimi' al-iawimi- 66, 69 Al-&mi' "a-kabir 9 i &mio al-kalim 141 Gmi' al-khilif 70 &mi' al-rnadZrik 94 Jimi' al-maqigid 80 &mic al-shari'i' 70 &mi' al-shatzt 110 Jannat al-khuld 99 JawZb5t al-masi'il al-Mawgiliyya 101 JawibZt masi'ii

INDEX OF TITLES

Mayyifariqin 101 JawZbit al-masa'il al-RZziyyit in1

JawibZt masi'it al-sharif alRassi 101 J a w i b i t al-masi'il al-TabbZnivvit ." 101 JawibZt al-masi'il al-Taribulusiyyit 101 Al-JawZb bi '1-gawib 200 Jawab-i masi'il-i K h u r i s i n 107 JawZb-i masi'il-i m i r z i sayyid 'Ali 107 JawZb-i masZ'il-i Shah ' A b b i s 106 JawZb mas'ala 'an al-Qabwa 208 Jawihir al-fiqh 63 Jawihir al-Qaqi'iq 116, 204 JawZhir al-kalim 93 Jawihir al-kalimZt 172 Jawihir al-masi'il 99 Jawimi' al-kalim 74 JawZmi' al-rasi'il 110 JawRz i b d i ' al-safar 162 Jaw%-i musfirat-i pZdishih 169 Al-Jihidiyya 167, 168 Jumal al-'ilm wa 'lk'amal 1 2 1 Al-Jumal wa '1-'uqiid 63 Al-Jumina al-bahiyya 132 JumZn al-silk 171

Al-Kafaf 163 A1-KZfi 63 Kanz al-durar al-aytim 77 Kanz al-fawZ'id 71, 76 Kanz alk'irfan 115 Kanz al-Shi'a 143 KZriziyya 203 Kashf al-astir 199, 169 Kashf al-awhim 162 Kashf al-diriya 88 Kashf al-fawi'id 73 Kashf al-ghit:' 91 Kashf al-baqi'iq .I6 Kashf al-ibhZm 68, 69 Kashf al-iltibis 79, 127 Kashf al-lithim 88 Kashf al-madirik 84 Kashf al-matlCib 142 Kashf al-niqib 78 Kashf al-qinZC 68, 70, 192 Kashf al-rayb 128 Kashf al-rayba 151 Kashf al-rayn 151 Kashf al-rumuz 70 Kashf al-rumiiz al-khafiyya 81 Kashf al-qalam 68 Al-Kawikib al-durriyya 135 Khidimiyya 180 Al-Khalal fi '1-galst 152, 153, 154 Al-Kharijiyya 177 Khagi'ig al-a'lim 68 Khayr alh'amal 143 Khazi'in al-abkim 76, 90 Al-Khilif 64 KhilZfiyya 96 Khuligat al-abQith 206 Khuligal al-bayin 200 KhulZgat al-i'tibir 163 Khuligat al-tanqip 79 Kifayat al-abkim 85 Kifayat al-mubaggilin 75 Kifayat al-muhtadi 134 KifZyat al-mubtij 163 Kifayat al-talibin 78 Kifayal al-ugiil 11 KitZbat b a r kafan 129 Al-Kurriyya 125

Al-La'Zli al-zawihir 110 Lama'it 82

253

A l - ~ a m a ' i t al-nayyira 9 4 A I - ~ a w i m i ' 82, 104 ~ a w i r n i ' al-abkim 89 ~awZrni' al-nikit 1 1 2 Lu'lu' al-abkim 7 7 A1-Lu 'lu' al-masiur 126 Lum'a 146, 151, 186 A1-Lum'a al-Dimashqiyya 77 A l - ~ u m ' a al-jaliyya 108

Ma'ilim al-din 79, 84 Ma'A~ii a f ' i l al-salit 135 Mn'arif a l - a b k i i 70 Ma'Zrij al-apkZm 67 Ma'irij al-su'lll 115 Ma'Zrij al-tabqiq 123 MabZni Takmilat al-MinhZj 212, 715

- A -

Mabiazh al-nazar 156. 196. 197 Al-MaGsiit 64 ' MadZrik al-ahkim 69, 84 Madinat a l - a i b i t h 207 Ma'din alk'irfan 114 Mafatih al-ahkim 115 Mafatic a l - s i a r i ' i e 86 M i ' al-bayit 163 Mi'ida-yi sarniwiyya 200 Maiiri al-ahkim 88 Maima' al-bayin 7 1 Majma' al-fz'ida wa '1-burhZn 83 Majma' al-ghari'ib 78 Majma' al-masZ'il 66 Majma' al-rashid 207 MaEtib al-shari'i' 52 Majmu'at al-ifZdZt 105 Al-Makisib 174 A1 -MakZsib al-mubarrama 175 MakhZzin al-aQkim 69 Makhzan al-asrZr al-fiqhiyya 82 Makhzan al-la'ili 121 Al-Manzfi' 66 Ma'ni qawl alFeAllZma 73 Manihij al-abkim 68, 74, 92, 117, 210 Al-Manihij al-sawiyya 88 ManZhij al-tadqiq 137 Al-Manihil 92 ManXsik al-bajj 99, 163-6 Manhaj al-ijtihid 68 Manhaj al-rashid 72 Manhaj al-sadad 7 1 IManhaj al-salZma 159 Manhaj al-tabqiq 154

254

AN INTRODUCT'ION TO S ~ f L~ AWf

Mandiib al-sawm lfi2 Maqibis ai-anwir 92 MaaZla fi 'I-hath 'ali salZt aljum'a 145' Maqila fi '1-'idila 214 MaqZla fi galit al-jum'a 150 Maqila fi '1-taliq 196 Maqila fi wujiih al-Babth 'an galit al-jum'a 146 Al-Maqilit al-Ghariyya 11 Maqilit al-ugiil 11 Al-Maqilid al-Ja'fariyya 117 Maqilid al-qugiid 172 Maqimit al-sZlikin 175 Maclimi' al-fad1 110 Maqgad al-falib 174 Al-Marisim 63 Al-Marghiib 68 Al-Magibip 87, 90 Magibip al-aQkZm 90 Magibip al-asrir 133 Magibip al-hidZya 88 Al-MagihTp al-IawZmi' 86 Magibil~al- quliib 97 Magibib al-galim 87, 89 Masii'il 102,107 Al-Masi'il al-akhbiriyya 89 Al-Masi'il a l - A m u ~ i y ~103 a Al-Masi'il al-araba'iin Masi'il b a ' i al-f;$ali' 103 A1-Masi'il al-Baghdidiyya 102, 112 Al-MasZ'il al-Bapriyya 104 Al-Masi'il al-Bagriyya 112 A1-MasZ'il al-Bihbahiniya 108, 110 Masi'i2 fi ab'id al-fiqh 1 0 2 Al-Masi'il al-fiqhiyya 79, 103, 106 Al-Masi'il al-gi'iriyyit 1 0 2 Al-MasZ'ik al-Hindiyya 108 Al-Masi'il al-gusayniyya 108 Masi'il Ibn Najm 103 Masi'il-i wagiyZ 185 Al-Masi'il al-Kamiliyya 102 Al-Masi'il al-KZzirCniyyZt 108 Al-Masi'il al-hkamsa 137 Al-Masi'il al-Khu'iyya 1 1 2 Al-Masi'il al-KhwZriyyit 1 0 2 Al-Masi'il al-Madaniyyit 106 Al-Masi'il al-Magihiriyya 103 Al-Masii'il al-Migriyya 64, 102 Al-Masi'il al-Mubammadiyya 109 Masi'il mutafarriqa 96, 102

Al-Masi'il al-NX~iriyyit, 63, 103, 109 Al-Masi'il al-Naysibiiriyya 101 Al-Masi'il al-NiliyyZt 101 Al-Masi'il al-RamliyyZt 101 Al-Masi'il al-Rashtiyya 185 Al-Masi'il al-Rassiyyiit 101 Masi'il al-ridZ' 191 MasZ'il al-shaykh Abi Ja'far al-Tiisi 1 0 1 Masi'il al-shaykh zahir al-Din b . al-Ijusim 104 Al-Masi'il al-Shimiyya 1 0 4 Al-Masi'il al-Tabariyya 1 0 2 Masi'il tazZpum al-buqiiq 212 Masi'il al-tilmidh 105 Al-Masi'il al-WasitiyyZt 1 0 1 Mas'wla fi 'I-'amal ma' al-sulfan 176 A1-Mas'tila al-nifiea 204 Mas'alat al-shaykh 'Abd Allih 109 Mas'wlatZn 106. 185 Al-Masilik 136 Masilik al-afhim 81. 116 Al-Masilik a~-Jiimi'i$~a132 Maslak al-rishidin 72 MashSriq al-aQkim 118 MashZriq al-anwir 66 MashSriq al-muhtadin 88 MashZriq al-shumiis 87 Mashriq al-shamsayn 85 Al-Masmu'a 105 Al-Matijir 174 Mafalie al-anwZr 137 Al-Matilib al-Muraffariyya 135 Matirib al-angir 11 Al-Ma'iina 203 MawZhib al-afhim 69 Al-MawZhib al-Gharawiyya 69 Al-Mawihib al-saniyya 75, 90 Al-MawXrith 205, 207 MiftZb al-kalim 70 Miftib al-karima 90 MiftZQ al-Riyicj 92 Minhij al-hidiya 93 Minhij al-milla 140 Minhij al-najit 83, 97, 162 Minhij al-qibla 140 Minhiij al-umma 82 Mi'rij al-shari'a 93 Mir'iit al-akhyZr 155 Mir'it al-mugallin 152 Mir'Zt al--(uqiil 52 Migbi4 al-faqiha 123, 174 Migbib al-faqih 94 Migbiib al-hidZya 207 Migbih al-hudi 94

INDEX OF TITLES Migbib al-ijtihid 68 MigbZQ al-mubtadi 134 Al-MigbZb al-munir 91 Al-Migbib al-sifi' 87 MighZb al-tariq 98 Migbib al-ugiil 11 A1-Migbib al-Wahhij 177 Al-Mishkit 124 Mishkit al-anwir al-gusayniyya 77 Al-Mishkit al-Gharawiyya 78 MishkZt al-hudit 157 Mishkit al-war: 133 Al-Mufradit al-fariqa 82 MuhZdarit fi 'I-fiah . - a]-Ja'fari i7i MuQidarit fi ugiil al-fiqh 11 Al-Mupikama 209 Al-Muhadhdhab 63 Al-Muhadhdhab al-biri' 78 Al-Mubarrar 79 Mu'in al-khawass 98 Al-Miijaz 79, 193' Muili al-shariea 155 Mukhtalaf al-Shi'a 72 MukhtZr al-madhhab 141 Al-Mukhtir 105 Al-Mukhtagar al-nifi' 65 Mulakhkhag al-maqZl 184 Muniqashit fiqhiyya 107 MuntahZ maaisid al-anim 70

Munyai al-albib 78 Munyat a1-righib 123 Munyat al-tZlib 174 Al-Muqaddama al-far'iyya 134 Al-Muqni' 67 Al-Muqni'a 62 Al-Muqtagar 79 Al-Murshid 75 Murshid alk'awamm 98 Musakkin al-shujiin 2 0 1 Musawwid al-khudiid 214 Al-MugtalaQZt al-fiqhiyya 1 0 2 Mustamsak al-'Urwa al-wuthqi 94 Mustanad al-Shi'a 93 Mustaqsi al-ijtihid 71 Al-Mutea 115 Al-Mu'tabar 66 Mu'tadid al-Shiea 72 AI-Mu'tadil 213 Mutafarridit al-Imimiyya 101 Mu'tamad al-abkim 68 Mu'tamad al-arim 67

255

Mu'tamad al-Shi'a 90 Al-Mutamassik bi-babl A1 Rasiil 35 Muetaqad al-Imimiyya 95 Mutashibih al-Qur'in 102 Murhir al-mukhtir 194

Nabdha fi siyagh al-'uqiid 173 Al-Nabdha al-'uqiidiyya 187 Nadd al-qawZCid al-fiqhiyya 116 Al-NafQa alk'anhariyya 109 A1-Nama al-qudsiyya 137 Nafahit al-ilhim 69 ~ a f ~ ' a 1 - b a r a118 j Nahj al-faqZha 1 7 4 Nahj alFeirfan 47 Nahl al-sadid 71 Al-NaiZt 132 Najit ;I-'ibid 99 Najit al-mu'minin 67 NajZt al-niswin 127 Al-Nahriyya 203 Al-Najmiyya 135 Najm al-mu'min 111 Nati'ij al-afkZr 155 Nay1 al-marim 95 N a p al-la'ili 108 Nibris al-hidiya 86 Al-Nihiya 64 Nihiyat al-afkZr 11 Nihiyat al-imil 174 Nihiyat al-diriya 11 NihZyat al-ibkim 84 Nihiyat al-iqdim 84 NihZyat al-marZm 87 Nihiiyat al-muqtasid 86 Nihiyat al-taqrir 138 NihZvat al-usiil 11 ~ i k i G al-kawikib NithZrit i ~ 18i ~ a 179 Nigim al-fari'id 74 al-Nigimiyya 135 Nukat al-Nihiya 67 Al-Nukhba 87 Nukhbat al-wiiibZt 97 ~ i i al-hudZ r lf;6 A1-Niir al-siti' 68 Niir-i sZti' 88 Nuzhat al-arwip 186 Nuzhat al-nipir 47

Q Qali'id al-durar 116

256

AN INTRODUC

A1-Qali'id al-saniyya 117 Al-Qimi'a li 'I-bid'a 149 QanZdiI alFeasjadit 210 QZt.itat al-lajEj 176 QiJi'at al-mirZ' 189 QZtj'at al-qiil wa '1-qi1 126 Qat ' al-maqil 126 Al-Qatra 157 y a w i t i d al-abkim 73 Al-Qawii'id al-Biqiriyya 118 Al-Qawi'id al-fiqhiyya 119, 171 Qawa'id al-mu'imalit 171 Al-Qawi'id al-shareiyya 117 Al-Qawi'id wa 'I-fawi'id 116 Al-Qawl al-fag1 127 Qiblat IrZq albCAjam wa KhurZsin 139 Qibla-yi IthnZeashariyya 140 Q i n t a r al-wazi'if 133 QubEla qabaliyya 122 Q u r r a t alk'ayn a l - n Z ~ i r a 75 R Al-Radd 'a1Z agQEb alb'adad 161 Al-Radd 'alii i ' t i r i g i t 81 Rifi' al-ibhim 159 Raf' al-iltibis 170 Al-RasZ'il 11, 12, 106,109, 110 Al-Rasi'il wa '1-masE'il 111 RawE'i' al-abkim 67 Rawi'i' al-amili 121 RawEshiQ alk'iniiya al-Rabbiniyya 86 Al-Rawa al-aSQ 185, 186 Al-RawQa al-bahiyya 81 RawQ al-jinzn 81, 202 Raw4 al-nasim 145 R a y b i n a t al-gudur 161 Al-Ridi'iyya 190-3 Al-Ridwin 181 ~ l - ~ i i i al-Biqiriyya la 179 Al-Risila al-Barmakiyya 134 A1-Risila al-Fahliyiriiyya 109 Al-Risila al-FJX'isiyya 121 Al-Risila al-malnawiyya 136 A1-RisZla al-Mubammadiyya 206 Al-Risila al-Najafiyya 152 Al-Risila al-Raoawiyya 69 Al-Risila al-Sayfiyya 109 Risiila-yi sahla 82 RiyiiQ al-masi'it 91 Al-Riimiyya 122 R u ' y a t al-hilil 161