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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Comeil
Ui»ii»ppc:ity
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY
HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
081
l-IBRAj;Y
667 846
'^
The
Cornell University Library
original of this
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is in
the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright
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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924081667846
INDEX TO THE PALACE OF MINOS
INDEX TO THE PALACE OF MINOS BY
JOAN EVANS, HON. FELLOW OF
ST.
D.LiTT.
HUGH'S COLLEGE
WITH SPECIAL SECTIONS CLASSIFIED IN DETAIL
AND CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED BY
SIR
ARTHUR EVANS
D.LiTT., F.R.S., I.B.A.
MACMILLAN AND ST.
LIMITED MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1936
CO.;
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
PREFACE By SIR It has been fairly claimed for
it
ARTHUR EVANS
that
The Palace of Minos, in addition to
aspects regarding the excavations at Knossos,
Minoan
of the whole range of
the result of active researches in
One
its local
in a certain degree an Encyclopaedia
culture so far brought within our knowledge.
But such an extensive publication lating.
is
itself entailed a lapse
many directions
—^new
of time during which
facts were continually
—
as
accumu-
inevitable consequence of such conditions has been that full information
regarding various subjects has to be sought through successive volumes, making reference to collective results a difficult matter.
It is clear therefore that for
present work a general Index was a real condition of completeness.
On
the
the other
—
taken of this vastness and complexity of the material much time set forth, extending through four large volumes, two with separate parts, and amounting to over 3,000 pages ^the arduousness of the work required for indexing the whole can be well understood.
hand, of
it
when account
here for the
is
first
—
This hard task was nevertheless undertaken by my sister. Dr. Joan Evans, the whole being carried out by her with competent method to an advanced stage. But, though the numerous questions that thus arose were constantly referred to myself, it became
more and more evident
that the ordered presentment of certain subjects, such as
could only be supplied by long years of research and of personal experience on the spot, must fall on my own shoulders more directly than I had at first contemplated. It was clear indeed that certain important subjects involving elaborate analysis and classification, with the approximate chronological succession, must be dealt with by myself in considerable detail. Moreover, in taking over thus a series of headings it was necessary to a great extent to set aside the received canons of index-making, where the alphabetic order is fatal to connected statement. Among the subjects (marked 'A.E.') thus treated, as being of special importance as bases of archaeological study, are 'frescoes' and 'painted reliefs', the Minoan 'Genii' and Religion, 'Knossos', the 'pottery', 'seal-stones and signet-rings' both these latter covering a space of some two thousand years and to these must be added the
—
Minoan
'Script' in its successive stages.
been prepared of the
—
In each case a kind of catalogue raisonne has through the whole work.
illustrative examplesi scattered
'Religion' required a detailed analysis of the exceptionally interesting stage presented
by that of the Minoan World, and in which the primitive baetylic cult of trees and artificial pillars is combined with artistic representations of the divinities themselves. Supplementary to this, under the heading 'Genii', references are given to the collective evidences of the rise (initially under Egyptian suggestion) of a peculiar class of Minoan daemons acting as beneficent divine agents. As the logical and often minutely descriptive arrangement here adopted under important headings is accompanied in each case with full references to the pages of natural stones as well as of
PREFACE
vi
the volumes concerned the functions of a true Index will be adequately
fulfilled,
while as regards find-spots the alphabetic order has been preserved. At the same time a skeleton classification of these subjects
is
provided for the use of those specially
interested.
From
the point of view of students, indeed
many
of
whom may
able to afford the whole, necessarily expensive work, this Index in a separate institutions.
form
as a private
key for reference to copies of
it
certainly not be
Volume may be
useful
in public libraries
and
INDEX A Aah-hotep, Queen, axe inlaid dagger of, •
730,
III.
361,
—
Aahmes, King
of, see
IV. 180 movable, from Knossos,
iii, 361, 453, 649,
ii.
1-390. SSI. I"- 350,
112, IV. 266, 527
Aahmes, King, axe II.
Adder-mark ornament on frescoes (cont.) from Phylakopi, I. 547, 548, 550, ill. 42 on hearth, fixed, in Megaron at Mycenae,
III.
of,
i.
112, IV. igi, 266
L.M.
11. 362, iv. 874 Ab-nub-mes-Wazet-User, see User Abusir, L.M. la cup from, iv. 267 n. i Abydos, axe of Middle Kingdom type from
—
— —
of Courtiers
M.M., from
12th Dynasty
tomb
31, 256, 258, 261, 268, 270, 290,
at, i. 18,
209,
II.
216, IV. 108, 130, 137, 265
— tomb of Princess Hetep — — supposed
possible attack
on Knossos by,
builders
of
I.
11.
311, 314,
ill.
ill.
345, 346
tombs
tholos
Mycenae, iv. 237 Achelous river, lions found near, Achilles, shield of,
—
122 n.
at
i
350
11.
Acrobats, Minoan, 223,
232 I.
II.
752, in. 175, 176,
and
see
Bull-sports,
Tumblers Adad, I. 198, IV. 427 Adalia, clay figure from,
549-50, in. 42,
I.
325
143
— comparison of with 465, 468 — death of Bethlehem, — mourning 162
Minoan
Boy-God,
III.
in.
at
for,
476
i.
Adorant, on sealing from lustral area of Little Palace at Knossos, n. 523 votive figure of, from sanctuary of Juktas,
—
I-
159
Adriatic Sea, communication of with Delos, II.
108
170 n. 4 Adze-axes, bronze,
Knossos,
mouth of Rhone,
II.
from
Repository at Knossos,
I.
IV.
on axe of King Aahmes, I. 550, iv. on dress, I. 549, 550 on frescoes from Knossos, i. 547, 705, 731, 818 n. 2
669-71
191
548,
of,
n. 5
early relation of with Pontic coasts, iv.
Aegina, coins
548-9
629 n. 3
on cornelian prism-seal, n. 204 on tablets from 8th Magazine at Knossos,
sign,
Aegean Sea, formation
on arrow plumes from West Temple
at
i.
II, n.
(at
House
South
629
— copper, E.M. loi — miniature gold, E.M. Adze
I.
described as 'wave motive'), iv. 188, 191
II.
character of,
n. 2, IV. 178-80, 184, 185, 289, 290,
II,
47 Adana, black granite statuette from, 11. 220 Adder-mark ornament (sacral), diffusion of
550,
335
736 from Cretan adder's markings,
II.
15,
428:
iv.
III6, IV. 311, 329,
trade route from to
Achineos, Cape,
first
325 122 n. 2,
11.
Mycenae, iv. 237 Adonis, association of with Minoan Goddess,
lOI
222,
Ilia,
Adler, Dr., on construction of pit-graves at
——
III.
II, IV. 192,
181, 182
sacral
76, 78, 82,
loi, 132, IV. 959 analogies with silver rh3rton from Mycenae,
L.M. L.M. L.M.
origin of, IV.
III.
56 i8th Dynasty at, tin flask from, 11. 179 Achaeans, confederates of Lykians, I. 664 at, 11.
lb, IV. 184, 185, 271, 289, 290,
360, 364
at, iv.
415 Alabaster vases from, 11. 223 n. i Ostrich-egg flask from, 11. 222 Pottery from, paralleled by late Neolithic finds at Knossos, 11. 12 ist Dynasty, I. 58
390, 551,
III.
date of accession of,
Tomb
I.
350 n. 2, IV. 178 ff. on pottery, L.M. la, iv. 643
420, 550, 712, 715,
of,
found
— jewellery from, — Helladic stronghold 11.
at
Knossos,
11.
766
5-6
53, iv. 175 n. 5 of, II.
— Minoan pottery from, •
Aegisthos, see Aigisthos
II.
564 134 n. 3, 211, IV. 274
AELIAN Aelian cited,
iv.
Aigisthos, 'tomb of, at
157
L.M.
Aeneas, 11. 483 Aeolian Islands,
liparite
from,
i.
23, 87, 412,
494, II. 169: and see Liparite obsidian from, II. 56 Aesir,
iii.
Aesop,
IV.
Aiora, festival at Athens,
Air view of Palace, facing
Agamemnon,
i.
742, 756: and see
corslet sent to
—
seal,
bead,
at
Knossos,
Papoura,
from N.W.
iv. 865 Treasure House
343
,
in Cassel Museum, iv. 169 with wounded wild-goat, iv. 542 with couchant oxen, iv. 566 with Genius and cow, iv. 443 worn by Cup-Bearer on fresco from S. Propylaeum at Knossos, 11. 705 cylinder, from Kakovatos, iv. 462, 574 from N.W. Treasure House at Knossos, II. 619 from Rethymnos, iv. 500 from Arkhanes, iv. 508, 509 lentoid, from Kydonia, IV. 466 with lassoing of bulls, in. 188 prism, from Papouda, I. 477
discovery of
prehistoric script
Haliartos by, iv. 672 Agonistic scenes in M.M. Nilotic,
11.
346
537
IH
art, iv.
influence
at
600
of on
Crete,
IV. 517 Akhenaten, pottery from tomb of
Aigisthos, IV. 26 n. 5 murder of by Orestes
iv.
Akkad, 11. 264 Akumianakis, Manolis
{epistatis),
62 n.
II.
iv.
IV.
in ex-
976 n.
on
island of Dia,
I
— from Tiryns, 227, 897 595, date 237 — image E.M. from Central Crete, 64 friezes
IV.
11.
of, IV.
of,
I,
— imitated in frescoes, in pottery,
— use
M.M.
i.
i.
356, 419,
II, iv.
11.
161,
444
122
L.M. lb, IV. 271 E.M. II, I. 90 M.M., I. 177 of,
— vases
of:
alabastra
Room
from
Knossos,
amphoras
IV.
IV.
Throne
the
of
Wotkshops
from
at
Knossos,
269, IV. 727
Temple Tomb
at
Knossos,
976 11.
57 — from Vat Room Deposit, Knossos,
— — from •
II.
11.
256 n.
i.
170
i
from Byblos,
11.
258
Egypt, connected with Ta-Urt,
259 at Rifeh,
11.
257
Egyptian, of the time of Rameses II,
flask,
179 n. 2 from Central Court at Knossos, in. 15,
'fonts' IV.
at
938
bridge-spout from
II.
with, IV. 517 11. 43 n. 2
affinities
flair
I
Alabaster, banded, found
from tomb
on bead-seal from
517
ploring transit route (Great South Road),
figure vase
n. 6.
at Tell-el-
1013
Akish, PhiUstine name,
cylindrical,
Aha, tablet of, 11. 38, iii. 314 Ahmose, Queen, 11. 35 n. 3
iv.
cups, from El Kab,
Minoan
road near, iv. 60 Agriml, see Goats, wild
— Thisbe, 515 — name Asiatic — 'tomb of, Mycenae,
iv. 536 Akashou, Keftiu name on 'London Tablet',
lions
II.
II. 54: and see Pastoral Agrilo Vounaki, Mycenae, remains of
at
Habu,
of, iv. 536,
— coin-types 536, 539 — found near in time of Xerxes, Amarna,
from Mirabello, iv. 493, 576 from Mycenae, iii. 230, iv. 41 572, 610 from Orvieto, iv. 465 from the Peloponnese, in. 218 n. i
of,
iv. xxvi.
of, iv.
tain's grave at Zafer
Agriculture,
26
IV.
11. 266 n. 3 Aiaiwasha, raids of on Egypt, described in
records at Medinet
by King Kinyras, iv. 805 Agate pommel of cruciform sword from Chief-
iv.
487,
Aja, goddess, wife of Shamas,
Akanthos, city arms
10
—
11.
244, 293
509 11.
{cont)
Ain Shems, alabaster vessel from, 11. 256 n. i Ain Tab, buU's-head rhyton from, 11. 538, 658
Egypt, Libya North, dolmens in, II. 181 flasks from, iv. 91 n. 2
Agesilaos,
IV.
Mycenae
lb (and c) pottery from,
147
Africa, trade of with Crete,
—
ALABASTER
[2]
936
ALABASTER Alabaster, vases of (cont.) gallipot,
ALTARS
[3]
123 rhytons from Crete,
L.M.
223 n.
II.
11.
822, 827, in. 199
from cemetery
at
Abydos,
IV.
University
Museum,
College
11.
778
M.M..III6 pedestalled
vases,
402
— Minoan, from Harbour Town of Knossos, II-
267, 358
331
Room
of the Throne,
Knossos,
648 II.
from Volo, L.M.
lb, 11. 659 n. i use of in connexion with lustral basins,
422, IV. 648
Alamo, faience beads from, i. 492, 493 Alashia, Lykian base for sea raids, 664
I.
663,
Albania, belief in snake as house-guardian in,
2SS
from Room of the Throne, iv. 938 from sepulchral chamber of Temple
Tomb
iv.
492 n. 3
I.
origin of
(cont.)
from Anibeh,
from Palaikastro, L.M. la, 11. 476 from Kolonaki cemetery at Thebes,
223 n. I with cartouche of Queen Hatshepsut,
III.
II.
from
338,339
IV.
576,
I.
I
from Royal Tomb at Isopata, iv. 339 from Temple Tomb at Knossos, iv. in
la,
from Chamber Tomb at Byblos, 11. 825 from lustral basin of S.E. insula, Knossos,
IV.
vases, Egyptian,
Minoan
Alabastron,
from Knossos,
pre-dynastic,
late
Knossos, iv. 1006 from Minet-el-Beida, iv. 778 from 4th Shaft Grave at Mycenae, at
IV.
153
— North, tower-houses
of, 11. 299 Aldbourne, discoveries at, I. 492 n. 5 Aleppo, trade-route to, iv. 771 Alexandria, foundation of, I. 292 Pharos island at, I. 18 Aliki, L.M. two-handled goblet from, Almond-stone, see Ironstone Alphabet, see Script
— 309 — Syro-Egyptian, from Harbour Town of 371 Knossos, 422 — Syrian, from Minet-el-Beida, 778 — votive from Khafaje, Alps, Ligurian, 813 171 — weights, disk-shaped, from Knossos, 653 Altars from Hagiar Kim, 188 — and Gypsum — from Hal-Tarxien, 187 — Knossos, 218 Alabastron, Egyptian, from tomb Abydos, — on Syro-Hittite 130 454 — Ashmolean Museum, from Psychro Cave, 48 57 — Mycenae, from Treasury of Tri-columnar Hall from 4th Shaft Grave Knossos, 824 144 Middle Kingdom, origin of Minoan — incurved, limestone, from private chapel in III.
IV.
iv.
tablet
iv.
11.
IV.
11.
see
11.
at
at
I.
cylinders, iv.
IV.
in
^
baetylic,
11.
at
High
pedestalled vase, iv. 778, 779
New Kahun, 1 2th
Empire, from tomb of Maket
at
of
prototypes
Minoan
402 1 8th Dynasty, resemblance to gold chalice on Camp-stool Fresco, iv. 390, 391 from 4th Shaft Grave at Mycenae, in. lid of,
391 with
from North
III.
name
of Hyksos
Initiatory
Area
n- 1. 360,
III.
King Khyan,
at
Knossos,
416-22,
9, IV. 130,
II.
i.
35 n.
229
— Minoan, 357 M.M. IH, imitated from Egyptian 303,
type,
I.
Priest's
terra-cotta
house
model
at of,
Knossos, iv. 209 from East Wing of
connexion
of
triglyph friezes,
il. 607 with half-rosette 11. 607, iv. 210
on
represented
Idaean Cave,
11.
crystal
and
from
bead-seal
607, iv. 211
represented on either side of throne in
Room of the Throne at Knossos, 11. 607, iv.
18, 26, 297, 319, 380, 410, i>
at
Palace at Knossos,
11. 488 Dynasty,
pedestalled pots.
IV.
11.
circular, IV.
II.
309,
iv.
415-17
919 represented on the Lions' Gate at 607, IV. 614 represented on fa9ade from
nae,
Myce-
II.
from Knossos, miniature,
i.
11.
Town Mosaic
607
220-3,
11.
607, iv. 200
ALTARS
AMULETS
[4]
Altars (cont.)
— square, within old frontage of W. — Palace of Knossos, 614 — opposite N.W. Treasure House,
Amethyst, scarab wall of
ii.
11.
—
612
from N.W. angle of
Palace, iv. 200-2
201
isodomic, represented on steatite rhyton
from Knossos,
11.
— tripod hearths used
614 as, 11. 20, iii.
350
n. 2,
IV. 143, 151, 152,
179 from Gournia, 11. 283 n. 3 from vault under S.E. angle of Palace at Knossos, II. 334
— — from
late
Knossos,
from II.
Shrine of the Double Axes at
lentoid IV.
from 3rd Shaft Grave
Sacrificed
Oxen,
— in sword from Mallia, 273 — from stone box from
I.
S.
Amathus, sacred grove and tomb
at,
i.
161,
111.74,78
Oasis,
II.
191
— soothsayer, 191 Amorgos, halberd-like blade from, — copper dagger from, 100 — marble from, 47, 48 11.
170 n. 3
I.
Amphitheatre, Roman, arena of. III. 223 Amphitrite, relation of with Minoan Goddess, IV.
953, 958
in
sos,
11.
III.
269, IV. 896, 897
— bronze, from Kurion, 504 — — Metropolitan Museum, 11.
in
174
from tomb at Kakovatos, 11. 174 from Shaft Graves at Mycenae, 11. 174 from Tiryns Treasure, 11. 174 n. 2
New
York,
505 n. I depicted in hands of Minoan envoy on
II.
—— tomb of Senmut, 425 — — limestone, from 170 — trade-route, from North Germany to Aegean, 900 — pottery, under Pottery 174 •
11.
n. 3
Greek legend of Ring of Minos, iv. 958 Amphoras, alabaster, from workshops at Knos-
—
studs,
at
—
—
Amazons, traditional headgear of, iv. 197 Amber from Kiev, 11. 174 n. 3 beads, from tomb at Amira, 11. 174 n. 2 from tomb of Double Axes at Isopata,
House
Knossos, II. 373 Amethystine spar, vase fragments of from Room of the Throne, iv. 934 Amira, finds in tomb at, 11. 174 n. 2 Amisos, see Eski Samsoun Amnisos, a port of Knossos, 11. 839 frescoes in houses at, iv. 453 n. 4 of formal gardens from, iv. xi, 1002 Amon, identity of with Libyan God of the
figurine
437
Halys
Mycenae,
11.
tessera
I.
from Niru Khani,
at
558
as
283, 336 House of the II.
283, 302
Alybfe, see
199
hilt
from miniature M.M. Ill terra-cotta shrine from Loom Weight Basement, IV.
I.
M.M. II, i. 273 M.M. Ill, I. 673
seals,
miniature, limestone, with double axe and sacral horns in relief,
(cont.)
from Psychro,
11.
sculptor's
II.
worshop
at
KJtiossos, IV. see
II.
along lUyrian (E. Adriatic) coast,
11.
198
Amenemhet H, King, tomb of, 11. 256 n. i, 744 Amenemhet III, King, 11. 213 im. i and 2, 655, 658
from Abydos,
11.
209, iv. 130
the Scribe, ceiling of
205, 732, 733 n. I Amenti, significance of name,
tomb
iii.
411
— axe Neolithic, from Knossos, 15 — chalcedony dove, from Mochlos, 102 — foot-shaped, E.M. I-M.M. from
Amethyst beads, E.M. II, from Amira, 11. 174 from Pyrgos, il. 79
— pendant, with 410 — M.M.
11.
27
I.
95 n. 2
flying eagle,
11. i.
of,
II.
from Knossos,
I,
11-45 Egyptian,
I, i.
271
tholoi,
11.
45 — hand-shaped, matrix 1.488 — iron ore perhaps used — leg-shaped, E.M.
Ill,
for,
from Knossos,
as, Neolithic, 11. i.
125
from Pyrgos,
III.
scarab,
III. 478 Amulets, Minoan,
as,
seals of,
Amenemhet
Amrit, Phoenician stela with Resheph from,
I. 84 Egyptian influence on,
i.
18, 19
15
:
AMULETS
ANKHIALfi
[5]
Amulets, leg-shaped (cont.) pebble as, Neolithic, from Knossos, ii. 15 seal, I. 671, 673, 674: and see Seals, bead,
— —
talismanic
Anemone on M.M. 1II6-L.M.
la jar from
Zakro, 473
Anglo-Saxon rings, Chinese types of bezels both similar to Minoan, IV. 510 n. 3
of:
Amu-neseh, tomb of, 11. 728 n. i Amurru, Amorite god, i. 198, 11. 264
Anibeh,
Amygdalolithos, see Ironstone
at, iv. 267 n. 4 Animals, accommodation for in Neolithic houses at Knossos, 11. 18
— — 188 — and
n.
see
Anagyri,
iv.
Vapheio
11.
— attendant on Earth Goddess, 6 — bones from Knossos, 10 — foster-parents of divine children, in. 466 — Asiatic decoration, 119, n. 274, in. 423, 416, 528, 529, 530, 554-7 — Egyptian decoration, n. 448 — Minoan decoration I.
of,
I
11.
as
in
79 Kurios,
Anarrapsis,
Eileithyia by,
from,
alabastron
pottery
267, 358 date of cemetery
—
Amyklae, Apollo of, in. 480 tomb of Hyakinthos at, I. 161, iv. 421 throne at, Theseus and Peirithoos on,
L.M. la
IV.
discovery
cave
of
of
839 n. 3
11.
in
Minoan
Anatolia, connexion with
I.
IV.
Crete,
i.
3, 4,
in
4, 12,
E.M.,
1.
15. 28. 45. 167, 221, 267, 658, III. 424, 475,
M.M.
la,
618, 667, 668,
5, 6, 14, 16, 20, 161,
II.
464, 488, 935 n. 2 with Etruria, iv. 190 with Mycenae and Tiryns, 11. 21 Southern, possible emigrations to from, II. 268 IV.
15, 112, 117, 118, 119, 123-5, IV.
486
259, III. 204 (from this time onwards animal representations I.
173, 180-3,
II.
tabooed in vase painting 605-7,
L.M.
till
lllb,
i.
cf. I.
578) II, I. 273-5, IV- 487 (seal-stones, &c.) Ill, I. 539-43, 670, 671, 673, 686-90,
— Crete M.M. M.M. — Minoan reaction on, 658 108n. 260, 333, 530-2, 651, 827-31, — bull home 118-27, 172-85, 189, 190, 220, 221, 23 — double from, 8-10, 235, 488, 499-501 — Entrance Systems from, 375 diffusion n. 764-5 M.M. III6-L.M. 694, L.M. H. 259, 354, 388, 450, 527-32, 659, 695 — Lightning gods 192-9, 204, 523-90 23 — Phaestos Disk connected with, 654-8 L.M. 224-6, 588243, 244, 538, — pottery from, Copper Age, 115 90, 601-10 Kahun, 211 possibly imported L.M. n. 588-90 650, 651, — derivatives of askoi shaped — Priest-kings — name groups in Linear Script79Class B, — use of 345 revealed in Anatomy, Minoan knowledge 711,713 — High House Knossos, sculpture, 783, in. 428, 429, 498, 502, in.
11.
sports, original profiles
II.
of, iv.
iv.
IV.
la,
of, 11.
I,
of, iv.
IV.
III.
II,
I.
IV.
III.
II.
I.
to
of,
sling in,
I.
11.
n. 3
3
in
11.
IV.
504, 506, 507 Anau, primitive steatopygous figurines from,
428 n.
Ancilia of
of, il.
Roman
III.
52 sacred shield,
Andrae, Dr., discoverer of votive clay house fronts from Temple of Ishtar at Babylon, II. 372 Anemomylia, Minoan houses of Harbour
11.
:
and
see
at
Hagia Triada, sarcophagus
from
— votive from Juktas, 158 from Petsofa, 153 — and Birds, Marine Naturalism Ankh, associated with Ta-Urt, — Egyptian ornament, n. 207 439 — Minoan ornament, 200, 281, 434, n. 545, 185 — Minoan Linear A, 219, 685 Linear B, 685 — canopied, Mycenae, 255 I.
I.
Style,
see
in in
I.
19,
IV.
314
near,
211
IV.
249
Salii, origin of, 11.
compared with Minoan .
IV,
figures of,
I
Anchor, attribute of Minoan Goddess, iv. 24; in Linear Script Class A, 11. 248, 249, iv. 678
— Minoan use
Priest's
sacrificed, in
11.
51, IV.
IV.
157,
as, iv.
of,
I.
Ill,
237, 238, 255
in
script.
at
Town
iv.
iv.
Ankhiale, IV.
L.M.
534
iv.
Ill 'Mino-Cilician' sherd from,
ANKHIALfi Ankhiale
{cont.)
— L.M. Illb school of pottery 534 Anklets, sign of dignity 727 — on youths Procession Fresco from at,
in Asia,
11.
'726,
in
silver,
Knossos, II. 726 Annals, Egyptian, mention of Minoan tribute in, II.
ARGONAUT
[6]
Apodoulou,
Resheph,
— Delphinios,
—
•
277, IV. 935 n. 2 sanctuary of Men Askaenos near,
at, II.
I.
4,
935 n. 2
Minoan
584-90 Antoninus Pius, coins
art,
i.
319,
iii.
515, 516,
52 n. 3 Ants, on ivory bead-seal from Mesara, iv. 511 on rock carvings of Col di Tenda, 11. 170 n. 4 of, 11.
—
Anubis, 11. 788, iii. 151 Apef, serpent conquered by Ra, 11. 841 Apepi, Hyksos King, i. 420, 718 Aper, Egyptian knot, i. 434
— — tomb
Amathus,
Apomarmas, Minoan road Apron,
508
161
I.
ApoUonia, coins of, iv. 557 n. 3 ApoUonius of Tyana, pilgrimage of Diktynna, 11. 765 near,
of, to
11.
temple
79
Dress
see
Apsidal houses,
i.
149
Middle Helladic culture, 11. 21 N. of Gulf of Corinth, 11. 40
— recesses in megalithic monuments of Malta and Britain, 11. 181 Aqueduct, Venetian, over 66 n. 2 Arcade, see Arches
of, at
iv.
n.
i.
of, at
II.
in Sicily,
of,
IV.
— Astarte, tubular
143
vessels from temenos of, at IdaUon and Kition, iv. 144, 166 ApiUim, name of owner on Babylonian cylinder from Candia, 11. 266
206
II
Town Mosaic, I.
62,
11.
302, 308,
754
— on L.M. rhyton with scene, from Mycenae, 100 — on sealing from Temple Repositories, — on ivory half 74 siege
I
I.
314;
ill.
11.
754
M.M.
II pottery,
i.
239,
on crystal pommel from 3rd Shaft Grave Mycenae, in. 108 of dashes on L.M. Ill pottery, iv. 333
at
——
Archigallus, chief priest of Atys,
Architecture,
245, 263,
I.
3
Minoan, copied, on pottery,
I.
IV.
295, 339, 348, 349, 351 on seals, 11. 220, iv. 518, 547, 565, 568 influenced by Egypt, 11. 521, 522
—
on Malta, 11. 187 portrayed on silver rhyton from Mycenae,
influence of,
III.
74
snake tube transformed into dove-cot in of, rv.
M.M.
Kairatos,
243> 244. 245. 261
— association of dove with, 412 2 — grave 161 Paphos, — temple 211 Aegina, — temple over Tomb of Minos 960 — Ariadne, Cypriote, form of Minoan Goddess, cult
II-
Arches, decorative, on
838
III.
of, at
77 iv.
cylinder, iv.
Apes, see Monkeys Apex, on coins of Julius Caesar, 11. 794 Aphrodite, affinity of, with Minoan Goddess,
Apis, bull of.
11.
dance in honour of, at Delphi, temple of, at Knossos, 11. 844 Hyakinthos, II. 786 n. 3, iv. 421
Archers, on
IV.
honour
Minoan God-
844
11.
in
Antimony, use of for personal adornment, 11. 44 Antioch in Pisidia, worship of Mother Goddess
III.
480
associated with
dess in Crete,
with, IV. 26
II.
iii.
as leader of a leaping dance,
sarcophagus from, iv. 338 (on Ida) modern marriage dance at, iii. 75, 76 Anointing, ceremony of, i. 422: and see Alabastron Anta, 5th Dynasty tombs at, ill. 102, iv. 554 n. 3 Antae, early Anatolian examples, 11. 695 Antef I, stela of, 11. 24 n. 2 Antefoker, tomb of at Thebes, iv. 507 Anthesteria festival, swinging in connexion
Antithesis in
cup with inscription from,
657 Apollo of Amyklae, identified in Cyprus with
536
Anoia (Mesaritika), Crete, L.M. Ill painted clay
IV.
steatite
IV.
92
M.M. III-L.M. 1, 11. 570 Archdn Basileus of Athens, 11. 406 Arena, Minoan, conjectural form of, ill. 223 miniature model of, iii. 435 Arene Candide Cave, shells from, i. 55 uniformity of in
Argar, faience beads from,
Argonaut,
see Shells
i.
492, 493
:
ARGOS Argos,
I.
99 — with Knossos, 41 887 — from, 619 343 — Aspis vases from, — Deiras cemetery, L.M. relations of,
seals
n. 4, iv. 334,
ii.
II
amphora from,
L.M.
IV.
Javelins, I.
23 n. 2 style
Palacfe
332, 333, 340
Ic goblet with barred lily from,
368
— tholos tomb near Heraeon, 40, 41 — arrow from, 838 11.
plate
•
434, iv. 572
iv.
11.
n.
Armour,
Oxen
11.
of, iii.
of, at
Aristides (a
11.
Arkadia,
III.
149 n.
Minoan
development of butter-
pottery from
— 816, 817 — Minoan, Axe, see
tombs
in,
11.
see
clay,
—
of
Corslet,
Cuirass,
Tablets IV.
685
I, I.
chisel-edged
Cretan, Proto-Nilotic (of Neith) and Libyan,
to, 11. 64,
547
at. III.
at, 11.
over, IV. II.
n. 2,
III.
in.
11.
93,
see
bent, sign, offertory significance of in
Linear Script A,
678 on offertory bowls from Knossos and Apodoulou, IV. 657 and open hand sign, in Linear Script A, I. iv.
II.
48, 51, IV. 172, 173 epipalaeolithic (Late
origin of, II.
iv.
seal-
617 flint,
PI.
at, 11.
619
Bow,
— votive M.M. 153, 158 Arrow-heads, structure 840 — bronze, from Knossos, associated with
possible
— Chamber Tomb 219 — Palace 64 — well-house 44, 65 — Knossian dominion 683 — gold signet-ring from, 355 219 — jasper signet-ring from, 418 — pottery from, 65 — from, 42, 315, 508, 526, 588 — and TruUos
—
720
11.
representations
Arms, crossed, sign in Linear Script B,
LXVIII Arkhanes, Minoan road
Arm,
II.
ings countermarked with arrow sign, iv.
Sanctuary at, iv. 346, 347 rapier swords from, iv. 846 and Suppl.
seals
Bearer fresco,
Resheph, in. 478 worn by warriors on bead-seals from Thisbe,
I
137 n. I Arkalokhori, E.M. Ill pottery from, I. 59, 114 hoard of votive Double Axes from Cave
— —
of the
of, iv.
by, IV. 697 by.
on
Egyptian,
Sword Armoury Deposit,
276
on Homeric riding, iv. 831 workman), theft of Minoan tablets
Aristotle, description of fly
Cup
Room
Dagger, Greaves, Helmet, Javelin, Shield,
see
Aristarchos,
Sahara,
IV.
585, in. 73,
11.
of,
in
sites
222 n. 5 gold, from Troy, I. 97 silver, from Inner Shrine of Throne at Knossos, iv. 930
represented on Procession fresco,
i
Sacrificed
of,
474: and
705
447
— from House of Knossos, 308, 309 — dance in honour 67 — dancing-floor Knossos, 74. 78, 233 — head on coins of Tenedos, — and Aphrodite at
4
8, iv. 473,
II.
represented on I.
Neolithic remains near, 298,
4
— —
245
lentoid seals from,
11.
n.
Swords.
Armenoid types in Crete, I. see Physiognomy Armlets, from Neolithic
iv.
stelae in, IV.
Ariadne, i. 3, 'clew-box'
Armament, development of in L.M. IbL.M. II, IV. 826-71: and iee Arrows, Axe, Bow, Chariots, Corslets, Daggers,
n. i, iv.
11.
site, steatite
IV.
ARROW PLUMES
[7]
—
222 n.
11.
Capsian) 49 n. 7; from the Sahara,
5
from Denmark, n. 49 n. 6 from Portugal, n. 49 n. 6 obsidian, from 4th Shaft Grave IV.
at
Mycenae,
838
Arrow-plates, original form
of, iv.
838, 839
— from Chamber Tomb 4 Dehdra, 839 — bronze, from Armoury Deposit Knossos, at
iv.
at
836-40 from Tomb of the Double Axes
IV.
at
Isopata, IV. 838
from Middle Helladic Shaft Grave at Mycenae, iv. 839 n. i from Hunter's Grave at Zafer Papoura, IV.
838
Arrow plumes, bone, from Temple at
Knossos,
i.
Repositories
496, 548-9, in. 431
ARROW PLUMES Arrow plumes, bone from
—
Asia, connexions of with Crete, see Assyria,
{cont.)
Central
Shrine
KLnossos,
at
48, SI, IV. 175 sign, association of with find of arrows, iv. 617 II.
on
steatite bead-seal
trict, II.
from Candia 11.
as terminal in
in Linear
inscription
from Enkomi, iv. 759 Arrows, reference to stores of, on tablets from Armoury Deposit at Knossos, iv. 836, 837 Arslan Tash, ivory plaque with cow suckling calf from, iv. 555 to, iv.
relation of,
I.
567,
Palace of
II. 497: and see under Pottery Ascalon, 11. 251
m.
of Kapaneus
Snake Room, Knossos,
M.M.
Ill,
iv.
151
372, 514 used to face walls of Light Areas, iii. 377 at Knossos, for bath in Caravanserai, II. 119
House B,
Ashmolean Museum,
see
11.
567
Oxford
Ashtoreth, see Ishtar
Ashur,
II.
IV.
n. 3
at, IV.
11.
Askoi, diffusion of, iv. 79 Aspendus, coin-types of, 11. 345, Aspergillum, see Sprinkler
ill.
in Crete,
— in Egypt,
11.
99
156, iv. 831
157
11.
— on painting in Tomb Thebes, — painted from Phaestos, tomb
of Hepseba
-assos ending,
Assur, faience of Ishtar
i.
448
11.
terra-cotta,
Assiut,
156
11.
810
11.
at, 11.
11.
157
136
207 n. 4
663, 664
woman-head cups from Temple at, IV.
Assur-bani-pal,
771
monument with dancing
in Palace of,
ill.
scene
69 n. 6
Assur-nazir-pal, frieze of, at Nineveh, iv. 432 Assyria, influence of Minoan art on, iv. 530, S34> 548
—
on Ionian and Cypriote art, iv. 539, 557 on Greek gem-engraving, iv. 548 relations of with Egypt,
11.
26
Astarte, see Ishtar
Asterabad, primitive figurines from,
179
— segmented beads from, — mouthpiece of L.M.
29
to, iv.
98
II.
in, II.
31 n. i decorative figures, 11.
— from, with some Linear Script B, 755, 756 — sealings with maeander patterns from, 202 — shrine Minoan type 755 Asklepios, hair-offerings 477 — shrine Lebena, 39, 84
11.
N.E. Entrance Passage, ill. 160 S.E. House, II. 391 cist below S. Propylaeum, 11. 699 at Palaikastro,
Double Axe
Assarlik, stirrup vases from,
—
Viaduct,
Ras-Shamra, Syria Asia, Western, cult of
at
relief
Ashes, ritual transportation of, in Russia, iv. 152 contained inclosed interior of movable hearth in
11.
see
in Chaldaea, iv.
87 n. 5
Ashlar masonry,
of,
Ass, as draught animal in Babylon,
Dove Goddess at, iii. 457, iv. 411 M.M., at Sanctuary on Juktas, 1. 157,
158 Ash-chest, from Volterra, on,
II.
of, at
of, resident in
Knossos, III. 276, 277 Aryballos, Minoan, resemblance to Egyptian,
cult of
in, 11.
of,
I
numbers
168, 169
11.
— fixed open hearths 20 — possible Cretan plantations on S.E. 192 — ports connexion with Harbour Town of KLnossos, 167 — and Anatolia, Byblos, Minet-el-Beida,
II.
coins, iv.
250, IV. 45 n.
770-85
reflecting
69, 70,
iv. 45,
Artisans, large
315, IV. 808, 986
III.
15, 16, IV.
I.
jar
of, IV.
11.
11.
L.M.,
808
III.
276, 280,
1.
Asine, stone bowl from,
477
— type — Delphinia, 250 578 — Diktynna, 842 — Tauropolos, 46 on Macedonian 46 — with Minoan Goddess, Hellenistic
256, 265,
littoral,
Cypro-Minoan
Artemis, hair-offerings
II.
M.M.,
with Greece,
50
name groups
Script B, IV. 759, 760
Ash-Altar,
119,
I.
dis'—
as terminal to
—
Babylon, Chaldaea, Sumer Asia Minor, cormexions of with Crete, E.M.,
835 n. 5
on bead-seal from Mallia,
11.
ASTERIOS
[8]
179 n. 11
11.
I
Cypro-Minoan
faience rhyton from, IV. 534, 535, 779
—
428 n. I gourd-shaped gold vessel from,
i.
48, 49,
IV.
Asterios,
i.
10
11.
26
ASTERISKS M.M. L.M. L.M. L.M.
II,
E.M.
Ill,
i.
342 369 Ill, III. 519 n. 2
origin of, IV.
as tattoo
I.
549 Egyptian figurine,
ill.
519 n. 2
iv. 807 Avernus, n. 483 Aveyron, stone beads from dolmens Avgo, magnetite pendant from tomb Axes, double:
cult of,
on stucco head from Mycenae,
in. 519
Asterusian Mountains, II. 78, 81 Astrakous, Cypro-Minoan haematite cylinder from, IV. 425 Atargatis, see Derketo
I.
447,
III.
348
I.
6, iv.
at
at
——
in
i.
4, 15, loi, 159,
n. 28, 29, 332, in. 152
from the 'Tomb of Klytem-
Mycenae from,
iv.
of Ring
229
of
at at
Attica,
of, see
at
I.
3, 12,
with Mother Goddess, i. 514, n. 277 with snake cult, iv. 159 with Zeus Kasios, iv. 781 n. 2 bronze, from cave at Arkalokhori,iv. 346, 347, and 378 Fig. 315 bis
— from Chamaezi, 194 — from Delphi, 834 — from Hagia Triada, n. 283 — from Knossos, Harbour Town, i.
11.
S.E. House,
in population of, IV. 26
iv.
traditional
in.
of, iv.
Atys, see Attis
Augur on
lentoid
Mycenae,
iv.
i
iv.
198,
Frescoes, in. 347, 348
629 629
II.
II.
— — Treasury Deposit, in. 414, •
iv.
— from Mochlos, 194 — from Nirou Khani, 437, n. 281
482
i.
162
relation of, to
59
hair-offerings, iv. 483
N.W. House,
— comparisonof,with Minoan Boy-God,iii.468 with Syrian God, 479 — Kybele or Ma, 473. — headgear 197 filial
351 I.
House of the
— tholos tombs in, n. 40 Attis,
IV.
199
Mycenae
Minoan element
Tomb of Double Axes at
see Isopata,
at
painting on walls of, iv. 957 metope of Marathonian bull, in. 230 Atlas, region of, rock-carving from, n. 51
Tomb
Gournia, n. 339 Knossos, i. 4, 218, 425, 427, 430-47, II. 160, 332, 724, III. 346, IV. 883: and
n.
Minos on
883:
in Egypt, n. 28, 29
-
•
2, iv.
n.'
and see Gournia, Knossos, Mochlos, Niru Khani
——
'Atreus,
n. 2,
iv.
— Mycenae, — Niru Khani, — associated with
•
legend
iv.
29,
—
nestra' at
in. 411
iv.
in
— — —
— Theseion,
n. 180
at,
— in Anatoha, 23 — Arkalokhorio, 346, 347 — Asia, n. 276, 781 986 — Asine, 755 — in Caria, 479 — Crete, 160, 218, 223,
— — —
Ill Capital
of,
iv.
Athenaeus, cited, in. 393 Athene, connexion of with Libya, 11. 51, in. 314 with Juno Sospita, 11. 52 with Minoan Goddess, iv. 45 n. i Saiitic, of Herodotus, n. 191 Taurobolos, iv. 45 n. i Athens, cult of Minoan Goddess at, 11. 50 seals, bead, from, iv. 532, 583 cyhnder, from iv. 409 Acropohs, NeoUthic deposits on, n. 4 n. i ivory rehef of Sphinx from, n. 778 stone reUef of Uons and bull from, IV. 537 Erechtheion, sacred snake as guardian of, IV. 150 n. 4, 154, 156 Parthenon, metopes of, 11. 595 National Museum, bronze figure of male adorant in, in. 460 disappearance of fragment of M.M.
—
292
I.
— ring from,
Ic, IV.
griffins,
of Nile,
Ausean Libyans, Goddess of, II. 51, 191 Avdu, bead-seal from, iv. 791, 822, 823
16, IV.
— on sphinxes and 369 — marks, on
Mouth
A-ur, port near Canopic
112
261
I.
DOUBLE
AXES,
[9]
Asterisks in decoration,
gem from Chamber Tomb 420
Aunjetitz class of cemetery, n. 175 n. 4
at
i.
— from Phaestos, n. 781 — from Psychro Cave, 627, 632, I.
iv.
212
copper, from Sub-Neolithic House, Knossos, II.
14
— from Tomb gold,
from cave
II at
Mochlos,
I.
loi
at Arkalokhorio, iv.
290) 347
— from Knossos,
iv.
883
346 (Fig.
— AXES,
DOUBLE
Axes, double, gold (cont.)
—
from Knossos, iii. 404 silver, from cave at Arkalokhori, iv. 347 steatite, from late Shrine of Double Axes
Axes, double, representations of (cont.) IV. 43: and see Hagia Triada, sarco-
plated,
Knossos,
— from
phagus from
on
at
from Tello,
lalysos, iv.
15
i.
reduplication of edges of,
i.
I.
583, 584,
11.
iv.
336,
— from Sphungaras,
342-4
IV.
on
in combination with
I.
on
signet-rings,
iii.
on on
from Knossos, 11. 557 n. 2 from Mycenae, 11. 832 from Vapheio, iii. 141 steatite lid from Knossos, 11. 29 n. stela from Mycenae, IV. 245 from Panamara, IV. 479 stone matrix from Siteia, I. 479 inlaid sword blade from Thera,
787
foliage of sacred tree, iv.
347
ogival canopy, iv. 319
—
pillar, IV.
348 rope design, iv. 643
— and triglyph, sacral knot,
I.
snake frame,
on on
614 iii.
iv.
724, III. 34, 297, 433, IV. 20, 348 I. 24 n. i, 632, 11. 602,
— from399, Mycenae, III.
36, 60, IV. 348
on limestone
altar
from Knossos,
iv.
200,
201
on mould from Siteia, I. 514, 11. 724 on plaques from Town Mosaic, i. 312 on pottery: Egyptian predynastic,
E.M.
M.M. M.M. M.M. L.M. L.M. L.M. L.M. L.M.
III,
I.
III, I, I.
la,
415 n.
433,
II.
16, IV.
II.
I,
— on
Ill,
427,
145 n.
I,
664 n.
I,
200, IV. 643
134, 209, 218, 347, 394,
449,
456,
463,
i.
— from Knossos,
i.
437, 11.
425
11.
334
139
11. 527, 820 House, iv. 211 Queen's Megaron, iii. 347, 367, 369 S. House, II. 323 n. i, 386, iv. 212
n.
Priest's
4
S.E. House, IV. 212 nn. S.E. Angle, 11. 334
iv.
293 from Gournia,
W.
11.
334,
II.
stands for, iv. 212
Little Palace,
376
on relief i. 508 on sarcophagus from Hagia Triada,
L.M. Ib-
369, IV. 971, 973 pottery, i. 561, iv. 734, 742, 758
•
619, 620 iv.
iii.
146, 249, 323, 582 n. I, 613, 818, III. 13 n. 3, 14, 244, 346,
High
II.
I.
436,
244, 290, 292, 369 373, 605, IV. 227, 318, 319,
proto-geometrical,
Mainland,
742, 758 mason's mark,
— religious significance of,
447, 583, 584
342. 348, 360, 883
L.M.
as
Caravanserai,
II.
i
Ic
435, 475 185, 239, 290, 360
Ic, IV.
II,
— — —
237, 241, 242
I.
139
ceramic ornament, iv. 369 Melian goblins derived from, I. 559, 703-4 plants derived from, i. 584, 610, iv. 292 Axes, double: sign, in hieroglyphic script, i. 281 in Linear Script A, I. 644, iv. 447, 686, 689 in Linear Script B, iv. 570, 685, 686, 734,
28
172, IV. 85
I, I.
II,
iv.
L.M.
425,
63, 108
I.
434
bivalve shell derived from, in
141
170 on crystal vase from Egypt, 11. 28 on frescoes from Knossos, I. 443, 444, 632, II.
i,
130 n. 4
227
iv.
433,
343, 619 n.
iv.
— from Zakro,
barley corn, iv. 627 bull-catching, iv. 20
rosette, iv. 360,
from Knossos,
627
adder mark, iv. 185 ankh, iv. 185
11.
sealings
673
i.
•
representations of:
butterflies,
559, iv. 343, 446, 541, 550, 614
i.
i.
Palaikastro, iv. 212
terra-cotta,
seals,
— from Argos, 434 — from 169 — from Knossos, 434 — from Mycenae, 170
336
II.
DOUBLE
AXES,
[lo]
Quarter,
i.
i
and 4
450, iv. 213
— — N.W. Treasure House,
11.
620
AXES,
DOUBLE
BALEARIC ISLANDS
[u]
Axes, double, stands for
Babylon
(cont.)
— from Mallia, 323 — from Mycenae, 213 — from Psychro Cave, 212 Axes,Neolithicstone,fromKnossos,ii. — from Harbour Town, 229
from,
iv.
10, 13,15
11.
Axes, single: bronze, of King Aahmes,
—
iv. 418 from Beirut, 11. 721 n. 4 from Cyprus, 11. 721 n. 4, iv. 416, 418 from Dodona, 11. 175 on signets in Priest-king's hands, iv. 414-19 ceremonial, from Bactria, 11. 274 on coins of Julius Caesar, 11. 794
957 n. I, 958 Background, treatment
11.
iv.
416, 417
413, 925
-in Priest-king relief,
in fresco of
m.
786
Kadmeion frieze
at
Thebes,
11. 11.
755 749
from Caravanserai,
11.
Ill 'desert-belt',
rock-work,
— of
sea,
II.
11.
11.
448
728, 730, in. 90
90
religious scenes
on Minoan signets,
Bactria, ceremonial axes from,
Baetylic altar
in. 137
274 from Psychro Cave, 11. 48 11.
— 162 tomb of — stone represented on bead-seal, 132 — signet from Knossos, 160 — in Minoan 222, 223 — worship, 160-2 divinity,
I.
religion,
trinity
I.
on gems from mainland, iv. 550 Baganda, canoes of, 11. 241 n. i Bagdad, Egyptian lion weight from, I. 421
610
I.
by numbers, 660 in Linear Script A, combined with open hand sign, iv. 660 in Linear Script A, combined with bent in Linear Script A, followed
iv.
Ill pottery,
11. 39 n. 5 Balance sign, as Egyptian hieroglyph, iv. 659 in Linear Script A, i. 619, iv., 659, 660,
680
668, 682, 683, 686 bronze, from Milatos, iv. 46 n. 4
IV.
arm
B
sign, iv.
657
in Linear Script B, iv. 660, 661
Baal-Haman, association of with Pillar
Trinities,
11.
191 n.
i
Libyan God of the Oasis,
191
connexion of with Balagrae,
11.
Babylon, connexions with Minoan Crete,
11.
39 n- S
253-66
— importation of cylinders from Crete, 186, 197, 198, 54 — to Minoan weight system, — symbolic forked weapons loi to
i.
15,
IV.
iv.
relation of,
in,
i.
in Linear Script B,
combined with ingot
sign, IV. 661
191
— connexion of with Goddess Tanit, II.
11.
Balagrae, shrine of, 11.
— in Script Linear B,
Ba'al-keren,
on
black,
wall-
Baetyls,
in ceramic ornament, iv. 366, 643 sign in Script Ideographic A, iv. 679
— identity of with
Minoan
— —-in fresco of Captain of the Blacks,
•
271, 274, iv. 416, 417 Syro-Egyptian, evolution of, iv. 414 ff.
II.
in
I.
Chaldean, dissemination of, iv. 417 copper, from Knossos, 11. 14 Egyptian, I. 420, 550, 712, 715, 11. 361,
Axe-hammer, 'Axe-plants' on M.M.
of,
114
I.
11.
1X2, IV. 266, 415 schist, from Mallia,
Minos by,
11.
IV.
11.
11.
II.
pillar, as
II.
16,
votive house fronts
IV.
— — from Vapheio tomb,
— — of Dervishes, 274 — from Ecbatana, 274 — from Mallia, 271, 274, — on 721, — from Van, 274
at,
372
painting,
i. 420, 550, 712, 715, n. 361, III. 112, IV. 266 Syrian class, iv. 414-18
i.
of Ishtar II.
Bacchylides, story of Theseus and
iv.
signets,
(cont.)
— Temple
ii.
654
in Linear Script B, as official title combined with personal name, iv. 658 in Linear Script B, used to countermark bull sealing, iv. 618 earliest occurrence of, iv. 656 on libation bowls from Knossos and Apodoulou, IV. 656, 657 Balcony scenes, on Mainland frescoes, II. 602, III. 60
Balearic Islands, Covas in, in. 322
— — Naus or Navetas
in, 11. 181, in.
322
BALFOUR Mr. Henry, on evolution of bow,
Balfour,
49 n.
—
II.
cult of snakes in, iv. 1015
—
East, Neolithic pottery of,
11. 4 from Enkomi, Cyprus
Balls, votive clay,
work Mr.
Oric, on connexion between Cretan and Egyptian art, II. 54 n. 5 on identity of Neith with Ausean goddess,
Bates,
purpose of inscriptions on, iv. 761 dagger from, 11. 173 n. 2 Banner sign, in Linear Script B, follovs^ed by numbers, iv. 725 Bar ornament on bandeau of stucco head from Mycenae, Tirynthian comparison, ill. 519 Barbotine v?ork, see Pottery, barbotine
M.M.
I sphragistic
51 n. 2, 191
II.
on
see
Baths, clay,
M.M.
—
ornament,
Knossos,
from Archives Deposit,
Ilia ceramic ornament,
Vases,
iv.
Minoan use
—3°Sfrom East Slope,
on
II.
III.
iv.
from Swiss Lake-dwellings,
149 n.
i,
iv.
—
678 715, 716
692,
sign, hieroglyphic, iv.
II.
406 406 relation of with Basilike of Archon Basileus at Athens, 11. 406 Basilike of Archon Basileus at Athens, 11. 406 Basins, alabaster, from Knossos, ill. 25 bronze, L.M. la, from N.W. Treasure House at Knossos, 11. 637, 643, 644, 779, 11.
—
300, 727 at
Mochlos,
HI. 386 stone, for foot washing, in Caravanserai,
11.
11.
104
Amyklaean Throne by, iv. 188 n. i Mons. H. Jus at, 11. 222 n. 5 Bats, on M.M. Ill sealings, iv. 490 wings, on M.M. Ill sealings, i. 703, 705, 706 Battye, Mr. A. Trevor, on Cretan flora, 11.
—
analogy of with Megaron of Royal
11.
381, 385, IV. 893
Batna, collection of
Basilica, Early Christian, historic origin of,
houses
III.
on Vlychia Terrace,
Bases, sacral, see Altars
I
Knossos,
Bathykles, story of Theseus and Peirithoos on
Basalt, Spartan, see Lapis lacedaemonius
from L.M.
at
116, 118,111. 253
11.
Barnacles, see Shells
— stone, from Knossos,
334,
628
iv.
Barnacle work, see Pottery, barbotine
Villa at Knossos,
II.
from Caravanserai
II,
from Phylakopi, in. 115, iv. 330 compared with M.M. Ill examples,
625, 626 Baritakis, Ali Aga, overseer of excavations at II.
122
628
Barley sign, in Linear Script B,
Knossos,
II.
— from bathroom of Queen's Megaron,
on coins of Metapontion, iv.
288
386
L.M.
627
628
— six-rowed, Minoan,
11.
compared with L.M. II examples,
sealing,
of as food, iv. 622
Barley, four-rowed,
IV.
385
III.
II-
415,
i.
627
— with genius,
Barn
379 n. 2
II.
305
627
associated with double axe
IV.
579, 580,
I.
from House of the Sacrificed Oxen,
M.M.
in
IV.
under Knossos Ill, from S.E. Bathroom at
from House of the Fallen Blocks,
sealings
11.
from room near Magazine of the Lily
—-
598 IV.
on Seal Island and on Nile,
tholoi
37 Bathrooms,
626, 627
on
pithoi,
645, 646 imitated in sculpture and pottery, see Plait-
Ballygavsrley, Irish
IV.
Kordofan,
bottle-shaped
IV.
(in-
scribed), IV. 759, 760, 761 from Juktas, I. 159, iv. 761 from Petsofa, i. 153, iv. 761
Barley corns in
with
of
analogies
from
churns
milk
Basketwork
172
4, IV.
modern
Balkans,
BEADS
[12]
11.
624
599, in. 26, 27
46 n.
on
2,
70 n. 4
rollers in Crete,
11. 454 n. 2 Bauhin, Caspar, on Cretan dittany, 11. 70 Beads, amuletic, in shield form, in. 315 perhaps used as dice, i. 477 engraved, origin of signet-rings, IV. 510, 511 represented on kilt of Minoan tributary on
—
— —
tomb
of Rekhmara,
fresco
from Knossos,
11.
— represented on tunics of youths744 in Procession
— segmented,
i.
743,
11.
726
23, 491-4, n. 179, 180, 190
,
BEADS Beads, segmented
Beads
(cont.)
from Egypt,
I.
491, 492,
179 and n.
11.
II (pre-dynastic)
Tarxien,
11.
190
— —
498,
11.
— —
III, iv.
I.
IV.
iv.
sacral ivy,
Beaked jugs, E.M.
iv.
11.
I.
II,
I.
from store-room
179 n. 11
74
at
Knossos,
IV.
11.
54 use of for food in L.M. times, iv. 621 Beards, typical of primitive Nilotic race, 11. 32
— worn by Libyan men, 34 — worn by Queens of Meroe, 35 — rarely represented Minoan 219 — of dervish on bead-seal from Knossos, 219 — of from Central Crete, 46 — of proto-Libyan stone images, 219 11.
in later
priest
IV.
figure
11.
iv.
Bedevi Kamara, medieval bridge near Candia, II. 230 Bedouin represented playing Beni Hasan, 11. 837
lyre
at
at
siege
n. 3
11.
i
179
from Gortyna, iv. 489 from Kalathiana, 11. 179 n. 10 from Knossos, 11. 13 ^- from Platanos, 11. 179 n. 10 stone, from dolmens of Aveyron, from Egypt, 11. 179 from Knossos, 11. 13 from Mesara, 11. 52
on tomb
— represented of Egyptians on scene from Tomb of Anta, 102 — represented on tomb of Men-kheper"ra-senb Thebes, — represented on745 ith Dynasty Egyptian ill.
194
76 11.
art, iv.
as allies
11.
315
from Crete,
54, iv. 595
11.
Knossos,
at
11.
ill. 151 of wirework cylinder,
III.
n. 2,
11.
'
from Vat Room Deposit, I. 170 from Pyrgos, 11. 75 glass, from Kalkani, iv. 887 n. 2 from Knossos, iv. 964 from Mycenae, iv. 887 n. 2 gold, from Kalathiana, 11. 194 from Knossos, iv. 963 from Kumasa, iv. 76 from Mycenae, ill. 151 from Pyrgos, n. 75 in form of pair of argonauts, iv. 862
steatite,
II
III.
Bead-seal, see under Seal
179 n. 9
— of toad,
IV.
III.
Beans, Egyptian, importation of,
from Ashur,
lapis lazuli,
n. 9,
II.
I.
11.
iv.
-of chrysalis,
— —
IV.
iv.
95
II.
Ill,
I,
IV.
II.
I.
in 'toilette' frescoes,
95
from Crete, 11. 179 from Temple Repositories I.
II,
II
from Amira, 11. 174 n. 2 from Pyrgos, 11. 75 cornelian, from Pyrgos, 11. 75 faience,
II.
I, I.
Ic
11.
from Kakovatos, 11. 174 from Knossos, 11. 174 n. 3 from Tiryns, 11. 174 n. 2
I.
Ill,
IV.
I.
crystal,
13
in
I.
i.
11.
I.
shrines,
— star-shaped, from Egypt, 493 from Enkomi, — amber, from Amira,493 174 n. 2 — amethyst,
(cont.)
— Neolithic, — E.M. 95 — E.M. 194,111.315 — M.M. 170, 179, 76 — M.M. 477, 489 — M.M. 174, 179 498, 315 — L.M. 151, 887 75, 174, 963, 964 — L.M. and 862 Bead-festoons, use of in — L.M. lb ceramic ornament, 494427, 493, 510, 285, 286, 287, 288 — in L.M. ceramic ornament, 288, 289 — in L.M. ceramic ornament, 32 — 285 493, — associated with crocus pendants, 285, 286 with marine motives, 286, 287, 288 — — with 493 II,
from Ashur, 11. 179 n. 11. (c. 3000 B.C.) from the British Isles, I. 491, 492, 11. 179, 180 (Early Bronze Age) from Crete, 11. 179 from Enkomi, I. 493 from S.E. Spain, i. 491, 492, 11. 180 imitated on birds' bones from Hal
— — —
BEES
[13]
monument,
11.
177 n. 2
Bee, Egyptian sign for,
— 11.
180
M.M.
11.
55
I. 281 Beehive-tombs, see Tholoi, under Burials. Beer, Minoan brew, I. 415, IV. 625, 628, 722 Bees, in Cretan legend of Zeus, I. 281 (hornets) on gold pendant from Mallia, iv. 75
as
—
"5
II hieroglyph,
:
:
BEETLE Beetle (water), on Fig.
la pots,
i.
173, iv. 74,
on M.M.
Ila:
handled bowl,
sub-Minoan
— single axes from,
Bethshemesh 257
Mr. C.
F., iii.
Beloch, Professor,
56 n.
170 n. 4 Bird, flying, sign in Linear Script A,
i.
1.
175, iv.
689 n. 2
12
Dress Benaki, Mr. A. E., iv. 467 n. i Benches, gypsum, in ante-room of Room of the Throne at Knossos, iv. 904 in South House, n. 386 stone, in lobby near Central Court, 11. 803 wood, on stylobate of Queen's Megaton,
Belt, see
— —
368 Benghazi, i. 17, Bengtsson, Dr. III.
Nestor,
11.
S.,
butterflies
148 n. 4 Beni Hasan, cemetery at,
on Ring of
11.
Berenice, dedication of hair to Aphrodite by,
477
Berenton, spring
Museum,
of, iv.
454
agate lentoid with
cow and
bronze L.M. I female figure in, i. 507, 508 Egyptian composite bow in, 11. 49 n. 4 Museum fiir Volkerkunde, modern ostrichegg vessels in, 11. 223 n. 2 Beryl tessera from stone box from S. Hbuse at Knossos, II. 373 Beth-dagin, bronze sword from, 11. 273 n. 2
—
Minoan
analogies with,
i.
160, 161
168
— snake-tubes from Temple of Ashtoreth 257
M.M. n, 1. 274, 275 M.M. HI, III. 411 n. L.M.
I, IV.
I, IV.
490
461, 1018
with argonaut and butterfly, on lentoid from Knossos, IV. 1018 clay image of, Neolithic, from Knossos, i. 43,
44 I,
from Petsofa,
I.
153
— on M.M. pottery, 182 — E.M. HI, formed 117, 119 — on diadem from Siphnos, 95 — wall-paintings, 111-16,454,469, 490: and Ducks, Pheasant, Swallows — vases shaped I.
seals,
as,
I.
silver
n.
I.
in
iii.
11.
Roller,
see
as
E.M. in, from Kumasa and Kodjadermen, I. 115 Melian, from Knossos, i. 557, 558 from Melos, i. 560, 561
— — from Mycenae, 560 6 Birds' heads, E.M. shaped 95 — wing, 415 — wings, on M.M. 706, 707 n.
I.
ivory,
as,
i.
-
ill.
Ill, sealings,
I.
Bisellium sign in Linear Script B, iv. 787, 795
Bismantova, two-storied pot from, 11. 429 Baron Fr. W. von, on analogies between Minoan and Egyptian siege scenes,
Bissing,
III.
104 n.
I
on date of contents of tomb at Abydos, II. 210 n. I on Egyptian figure vases, 11. 256 n. i on Egyptian revival of archaic forms in
—— stone 88 2 — — on Marseilles ewer, vases,
at,
I.
n.
11.
510 n.
i
Bitch on late seal-impressions from Knossos,
167
Bethshemesh, clay figure vessel from tomb II.
461,
^
Bethlehem, traditional death-place of Thammuz or Adonis, ill. 475, 476 Beth-Shan, associated with Saul and David, iv.
IV.
IV.
—
II seals
calf in, IV. 553
Beth-el,
from Psychro, i. 634 710-12 Birds, as symbols of divinity, 1. 440, 447, 614 on seals and sealings E.M. in, I. 123 n. 4 i.
I
522, 557
model boat from, 11. 757 n. i paintings in tombs at, I. 419, 709, 714, 11. 49, III, 728 n. I, 837, III. 102, IV. 554 relief of cow and calf at, iv. 554 Bennu, bird painted on crystal boss of pectoral from Gurob, iii. 108
Berlin
683
iv.
tablet
Bird-griffins,
M.M.
ill.
•
IV.
11.
—
756
on
11.
in Linear Script B, iv. 685, 713 on figure from Tylissos, i. 634
on
i
M.M. la,
Bells, votive sheep,
at,
of Col di
Mr. Clarence, on Maraviglie
Tenda,
Beisan, Chaldaean form of axe from, iv. 417 n. 2 Bell,
from tomb
fibula
n. 2
Bicknell,
crystal scarab from, iv. 533 11. 721 n. 4, iv. 415
(cont.)
— Syro-Anatolian
I.
239, 240, IV. 74, Fig. 43 bis h sacred, pellet of, IV. 115: and see Scarab
Beirut, •
M.M.
44 6w a
Beetle (land),
—
BITSILA
[14]
at,
IV.
580
Bitsila, see Visala
BITUMEN Bitumen from Mesopotamia
—
BONES
[IS]
of inlaying,
gives origin to art
732 use of to secure arrow-head to
Boar-hunts
(cont.)
— on fresco Tiryns, 574 — on bead-seals, 573, 574 at
ii.
shaft,
11.
49 n. 6
L.M. la near
discoveries of
Argive Heraeum,
11.
4
n. i,
discoveries at Zygouries,
470
on Ephyrean pottery, iv. 368 n. 4 on Early Helladic ornament, iv. 250 Blind-worms, self-knotting
of, iv.
— models
n. 6
of,
E.M.,
Cycladic, n.
on,
spiral
n. 3
Boats, in pre-dynastic Egypt,
41 n. 4
iii.
206
II.
quadruple
Egyptian,
Boat-cover,
C,
Blegen, Dr.
IV.
iv.
I.
I.
17,
I.
17
75
17
from Beni Hasan, 11. 757 from Zafer Papoura, 11. 563
i
176
— on Nilotic painted clay bowls, 193 697, 698 — — on sealing from Temple Repository, 697 fragment of from House of the Sacrificed Oxen Knossos, Body, votive of parts M.M 310 — L.M., 310, 697, 698 158 — borne by Minoan on tomb of Boegia Miletos, Cretan associations 'Blossom'-bowl, lotus cup origin
of, 11.
11.
faience,
i.
at
steatite,
offerings
11.
11.
I-
of,
I,
153,
tributaries
at
Men-kheper'ra-senb, 11. 747 n. i Blue bird fresco, see under Fresco Blue, Egyptian, used in M.M. frescoes, I. 534 Blue-stone, bead of from tholos in Mesara, I. 52 Boar, comparative rarity of in Crete in L.M. period, iv. 869
of, iv.
47 Boeotia, fibulae from, tholoi in,
138
11.
— 40 — type of shield from, 11.
allied to Hittite,
Boghaz-Keui, rock carvings n. 6, IV.
at, 11.
11.
275,
53
ill.
69
417
— — sea outlet on Minoan bead-seals, Eski Samsoun, 572 764 Bolivian mummies, gold eye-bandages on bead-seal from Mycenae, 572 97 — stand shape from Ur, Bombah, Gulf 424 37 — on E.M. prism Bone arrow-plumes from Central Shrine 571 — on bead-seal from Knossos, 523 175 — on M.M. from Temple Repositories, 274 548, 549, — domestic, on bead-seals, 572 431 — on — beads, segmented, from Malta, 492, 190 cup from 574 — — from Spain, 492 rhyton, 676 — from Platanos, segmented, from Knossos, Boar's head on E.M. Ill 408 — carvings. Reindeer period, with alphabeti119 — tushes, on Minoan helmets, form 230, 407 — from Knossos with alphabetiform 868 from Minoan helmet from L.M. Ilia 405-9 — implements. Middle Neolithic, from Zafer Papoura, grave 868, 869 Knossos, on helmets, represented on ivory 42, — from Domestic Quarter, from Mycenae, 869 485 rhyton from from Temple Repositories, represented on 496 — knobbed evidence of intercourse 868 Mycenae, sacrifice of,
of, at
iv.
iv.
iv.
in
steatite
of,
of,
I.
of, 11.
iii.
seals, iv.
at
Siteia, iv.
II seal,
IV.
i.
I.
iv.
III.
Palaikastro, iv.
steatite
steatite
11.
I.
I.
I.
bracelets,
seal
iii.
I.
ill.
signs,
87, 98,
ill.
fish
IV.
signs,
III.
at
iv.
relief
11.
I.
13
inlays
iv.
i.
silver
iii.
i.
objects,
98, iv.
represented on steatite rhyton,
ill.
184
represented on sealing from Hagia iv. 868 ornaments, Early Helladic,
Tarxien,
Triada,
iv.
in
art,
in
I.
Lasithi, iv. 848
inlaid
182
pillar
plates studs,
64, iv.
11.
II.
Sikel I
I.
Bones, animal, from Neolithic houses at Knossos,
574
dagger-blade
ill.
at
objects,
720
frescoes, IV.
II
11.
— model of from Knossos, 20 — from tholoi Kakovatos, 197 — 170 — tubular from tombs, 21
870
Boar-hunts in Crete, iv. 869 in Greece, iv. 869
— — Minoan — Mycenaean — on M.M.
between Crete and Italy, 11. 169 n. 3 from Megalithic monument at Hal-
from
II.
10
from drain by
S. Portico,
11.
161
BONES Bones
(cont.)
— human, from M.M. Ill pithoi from Minoan station near
Mouth
of Gazanos,
ii.
231
from Hagios Onuphrios, n. 36 from Knossos, Roman burial, 11. 433
Temple Tomb,
•
iv.
from tholoi, 11. 45 from Zafer Papoura,
986, 990, 1008-10
wind of
Adriatic,
84
11.
728
11.
132 n. 3
11.
at
—
930 4th Dynasty Egyptian, in. 270 Egyptian, fragments of, from Knossos,
IV.
diorite,
985 — 984, derivatives 402 Minoan — gold, from tholos Midea, n. 505 — from Isopata, lacedaemonius, L.M. 270, 402 — limestone, from Caravanserai Knossos, n. 123 — Knossos, manufacture of 56 — porphyry, Egyptian, from Knossos, 988 — under Pottery — serpentine, from Temple Tomb, 1006 — Minoan, from Byblos, 825
II.
Minoan Goddess in, in. 438-41, iv. 38, 179 Boustrophedon method of writing, Hittite usage adopted in Minoan inscription of Samsoun
II.
II,
57, 58,
n. 3
III.
at
at
liparite,
11.
11.
56, IV.
n.
I.
280
iv.
silver,
iv.
of, 11.
still
172
11.
M.M.
and Mallia,
11.
la seals from Knossos
50, IV. 172,
composite, Asiatic, type II.
50, IV.
835
made of goat's
horn,
835
— type found Egypt, 49 — of Egypt, 49 4 — on Phaestos 655 — on bead-seal from Knossos, 413 — on 50 73 — attribute of Minoan Goddess, in
Hittite rarity
in
n.
11.
as
II.
175 of boy-God,
11.
48,
iv.
of,
on Tablets
la, IV.
835
iv. 73,
iv.
from Enkomi Tomb,
533 n. 5 fragments
Knossos,
n. i
625 iv.
in.
668 195 n.
III.
6,
of,
from
E.
Treasury
835
—
Papoura,
at
409
from Tylissos, I. 482 from Tomb of the Tripod Hearth
of, 11.
III-L.M.
ivory,
——
11.
M.M.
985
,iv.
832 i. 665
pictograph, on disk from Phaestos,
iv.
see Libations, vessels for
Boxes, used for storage of tablets,
—
Mycenae,
at
642
Bowl sign. Linear Script B, Bowman, see Archer
831, 832, 842
— reference to manufacture from Armoury Deposit, — used by Lykian warriors, hieroglyph, 49 — origin 49
I,
Egyptian predynastic,
n. 2, IV.
11.
641 n.
from Palestrina, I v. 418 from Ras-Shamra, iv. 782, 783 from Regulini Galassi Tomb, iv. 539 from Vapheio Tomb, II. 641 n. i steatite, from sacellum at Phaestos, n. 217 from Petsofa, iv. 657 stone, from Neolithic house at Knossos, n. 16 from tholos B at Platanos, n. 193
— and
i.
iv.
signet-rings,
— —
4
n.
11.
disk,
IV.
II.
48, IV. 172
— Earlier Nilotic type 48, 49, — surviving in Somaliland, 49
il.
from 5th Shaft Grave
type (African and European) as symbol of Libyan Goddess Neith, I. 584,
'plain'
on
30,
I
pottery, see
769
II hieroglyphic script,
Bow:
II.
n. 3
of, in.
at
lapis
canopy motive,
Knossos, in. 409 of Throne,
Room
clay
at
491 n. I 32 Boston Museum, chryselephantine figure of
M.M.
56
IV.
32
origin of ogival
in
157
from Lustral Basin of
11. 84 with Levantine Gregalia, II. 84 n. 5 Bosanquet, Prof. R. C, exploration of cave
terra-cotta, iv.
cult, IV. 149, 150,
— carinated, from Egypt, from Knossos, 56 — from E. Treasury crystal,
n. i
identity of with Euroclydon,
I.
lb, II. 50, IV. 835 connexion of with snake frames, I v. 171, 175 Bow-hke motives on sealings from Zalcro, iv. 174 Bowls, small (for milk), associated with snake
n. 5
Bornholm, hut-shaped urns from, Borras, N.N.E. wind, 11. 84
on
(cont.)
L.M.
11.
Boreas, see Borras
Skalaes by,
Bow
11.
1008
iv.
Boots, Hittite, portrayed at Ivriz,
Bora,
BOXES
[i6]
at
Zafer
302 limestone, with tesserae of precious materials, from S. House at Knossos, 11. 373 iv.
BOXES Boxes
Braziers {cont.)
{cont.)
— wood,
from 5th Shaft
overlaid with gold,
Grave at Mycenae, iv. 253 and see Chests Box-fittings, bronze, from M.M. Ill
—
Knossos,
at
BRONZE
[17]
318, 452 fresco from Tylissos,
Boxers, on
floor cists
— L.M.
lb, from Hagia Triada, iv. 881 Bread offered to snakes in Poland, iv. 158 Breast, in cult of goddess, i. 656 painted stucco relief, from E. Hall
—
Knossos,
I.
III.
Breasted, Prof., on date of accession of
iii.
at
508
Mena,
35 — on m. 688-93, 29 ^^S 4 Knossos, 211, 600 (from Knossos) Breccia, column bases 498, 500-8, — on fragments of stucco from E. Hall 212, 213, 370, 386, 485, 235 — imitated pottery, E.M., 100 Knossos, 500-4 — on and 188 M.M. 688-93, 615 600 M.M. n, 238 498, 500, 503, 504, — associated with of Grand Stands, M.M. ni, 597, 600, 601, 602 — hammer from Temple Repositories, 468 689-91 — mace from tomb Isopata, 357 Boxing bout scheme taken over for heroic — quarries Kakon Oros, 212, 370, 602, combat on Mycenae 691 Boy-God, God 234 — rhyton from Treasury of Tri-Columnar Boys playing pavement game, on M.M. 111b steatite reliefs,
"• 2,
i'-
I.
n.
II.
IV.
of,
at
relief
in
III.
sealings,
seals
at
iv.
n. 2,
11.
I.
178,
I, I.
IV.
III.
i.
IV.
III.
I.
pillars
i.
1.
of,
i.
at
of,
signet,
iv.
of, at
I.
see
I.
IV.
of,
fresco (miniature),
396 and
ill.
PI.
XXV
Hall at Knossos,
11.
822
from Inner Hall of Hall of the Double
opp. p. 370 Bracelets, bone, segmented, from drain near E. Treasury at Knossos, ill. 408, 409 faience, matrix for, from Knossos, i. 488 ivory, from drain near E. Treasury, iii. 405,
Axes,
III.
from
346
Tomb of Atreus at Mycenae, iv.
234
— — vases E.M., 572, 234 487 — M.M., 235 Brescia, bronze halberd from neighbourhood 408, 409 — represented on M.M. lllb bronze 172 Bricks, sun-dried, Domestic Quarter from Harbour Town, 235 — represented on L.M. figurine of Goddess Knossos, 327 House B under Kouloura of West from Knossos, 337 — represented on fresco of Captain of the Court, 69 of,
I.
90,
n. 4,
IV.
IV. 95,
of,
figure
II.
in
II.
I
at
I.
in
11.
IV.
Blacks,
755 Brachycephalism in Hittite reliefs, in S.W. Asia Minor, i. 7
— — in
Minoan
Crete,
i.
8,
7,
11.
I.
7.
45, iv. 986,
1008-10 Brackets, faience,
Knossos,
I.
from Temple Repositories
at
524
mould for, from Knossos, i. 488, 489 from mainland, I. 489 n. i Bradoni, Monte, E.M. dagger-blade from (with steatite ;
Iberic tin cone),
Branch,
—
as
11.
169, 176
vegetation symbol on talismanic
III.
mason's mark,
i.
394,
11.
582
n. i,
Brassempouy, steatopygous female figure from,
I.
•
Bridge-spout,
alabaster,
from Temple
from below W. Magazines
172
Tomb
Knossos, iv. 976 Britain, Early Bronze Age in, I. 23 Megalithic monuments in, 11. 181 Segmented paste beads of Minoan type at
— — found 491, 492 — North, type of halberd from, I.
11.
170
Brittle-stars,
on L.M. lb
pottery,
11,
488
— on bronze hydria from Kurion, Bronze, use of Egypt, 176 — imitated L.M. la
iv.
I.
Knossos,
—
Britomartis, see Diktynna
374, IV. 903, 904
45, IV. 427 Braziers, M.M. I,
—
in,
bead-seals, iv. 446, 448 sign, as
House, 11. 390 in E. Magazine, 11. 519 in Little Palace, 11. 519 in houses at Niru Khani, 11. 281 Bridge, Minoan, over Vlychia, II. 150, 152, 153 Cyclopean, at Mycenae, 11. 98 n. 2, 99 Roman, over Kairatos, 11. 552 in S.
II.
at
early
vessels
in
in
457
11.
pottery,
11.
436
BRONZE Bronze vessels imitated in
L.M.
II pottery, iv.
Bronze used for
common
(cont.)
310
L.M.
utensils in
II
period, IV. 353 substitution of iron for in proto-geometric
— period, 376 — deposits and hoards Knossos, — near Stepped 632, 792 — E. Treasury, 399 — N.W. Treasure House, n. 623-59 iv.
objects,
11.
II.
11.
'
11.
n. 3
11.
11.
— Town Houses,
11. 625-7 House, II. 390, 630, 632 N.W. House, II. 415, 627, 629, 637 from tomb in Zafer Papoura cemetery, 11. 550 amphora, from Kurion, 11. 504, 505 n. i depicted in hands of Minoan envoy in tomb of Senmut, 11. 425 arrow-plates, from Armoury Deposit, iv. 837
S.
—
— from Tomb of the Double Axes, 838 — from Hunter's Grave Zafer Papoura, iv.
at
838
from Olympia, iv. 797 from N.W. House at Knossos, 11. 629 collars, from lUyria, 11. 198 cup, Vapheio type, from Mochlos, I. 345, chariots, votive, chisel,
II. 480, III. 177 dagger-blades, from II.
N.W. House
from N.W. House at Knossos, 11. 629 axes, double, votive, from cave at Arkalokhorio, bronze, gold and silver iv. 346, adzes,
Lasithi,
III.
n. i,
I.
ill.
404,
414
11.
754,
11.
361,
Ill, IV.
i.
"2, 118-24,
130,
IV.
527, 531, 575 ewers, from Egypt,
645
11.
— from N.W. Treasure House Knossos, 645, 339 — from House S.E. of House, 631 — from 4th and 5th Shaft Graves Mycenae, 632, 645 — from 632 — from Chieftain's Grave Zafer Papoura, at
n. 5
IV.
S.
834
11.
Knossos,
— from 195 719, 720, 845, 848 — from Mycenae, 681, 714-17, 720,
II.
from Knossos, E. Treasury,
at
629
452, 473, 73°, "I- 95,
347, 378 Fig- 315 bis from shrine at Delphi,
at
II.
iii.
11.
at
II.
from Knossos, N.W. House, 11. 629 from Knossos, S. House, 11. 629 from Knossos, Harbour Town, iv.
Palaikastro,
from Niru Khani, 11. 281 from Phaestos, 11. 787 from Psychro Cave, 11. 212 single, from Adriatic Coastlands (from Phoenicia), iv. 417 n. 3 from Chaldaea, iv. 417 n. 3 from Syria, iv. 418 {see Axes) from Vapheio tomb, iv. 418 axe-adze, from S. House at Knossos, 11. 629 axe-hammer, from Milatos, iv. 46 n. 4 basins, from N.W. Treasure House at
—
Knossos, II. 473, 620, 622, 642, 643, 644, 779, IV. 300, 727 bowl, from
N.W. Treasure House,
— from near Stepped
Portico,
11.
from W. Magazines, heads, from Majorca, I. 22
box-fittings,
11.
427
633 I.
318, 450
n. 3
11.
at
IV. 117,
860
figure of acrobat
198
bulls'
629
S.
'623
Portico,
Bronze objects, deposits and hoards of, bulls' heads (cont.) borne by Minoan tributaries on tomb of Men-kheper'ra-senb at Thebes, 11. 746 cauldrons, from N.W. House at Knossos,
— from house S.E. of House, 630 — from Tomb of the Tripod Hearth, Isopata, 637 — from Phaestos, 131 — from Tylissos, 123, 569, 570, 624
of:
at
IV.
BRONZE
[i8]
and bull from Crete,
11.
650,
— of female votary, in Berlin Museum, — of male 460, 461, 38
507
III.
220-2
— of bulls, votive,
11.
651
I.
votaries,
iv.
iii.
from Knossos, 632; Harbour
Town,
S. 11.
Propylaeum, iv.
235,
I.
198
from Phaestos, iii. 461 from Psychro, i. 681, in. 461 from Tylissos, 11. 47 n. 4, in. 450 of Syrian God Resheph, in. 477, 478 of Hittite God Teshub, in. 478 n. 6
— — goblets, common L.M. use — from Tomb of Tripod Hearth II
Papoura,
I v.
of, iv.
364
greaves, from Glasinatz, Bosnia,
11.
198 and n. 2 from E.
hair (bronze wire), of ivory figurines
Treasury
at
303 Zafer
at
Knossos, in. 432
BRONZE Bronze objects, deposits and hoards
of,
hair
(cont.)
— of mane from E. Treasury, 413 — (bronze of gigantic wooden statue lion's
ill.
curls)
from E. Hall, ill. 522, IV. 612 from Britain, 11. 170 from Calvatore, 11. 172 n. i from Gambara near Brescia, 11. 172 from N. Germany, 11. 170, 173 from Ireland and N. Britain, 11. 170,
halberds,
— — — — 173 — from 172 — from 6th Shaft Grave Mycenae, 173 — from Scandinavia, 170 — from 170 — from Spain, 170 Italy,
11.
II-
172,
11.
172,
— from Grave 20
11.
Treasury, Knossos,
1.469
— from M.M. Ill floor
cists,
I.
452
from M.M. Ill floor cists, I. 452 horns of consecration, from N.W. Treasure House, II. 619 hydrias, from Kurion, li. 652, 653, III. 310, hinges,
implements,
M.M.
I, I. 194, 195 depicted borne by Minoan envoy
on tomb of Senmut,
648, iv. 262
11.
on Miniature Fresco from Knossos, iii. 82 jug, from near Stepped Portico, 11. 632 from S. Slope, 11. 436 from Chieftain's Grave at Zafer Papoura, II. 636 key, pin-shaped, from doorway of passage over N. Lustral Basin at Knossos, ill. 12 from Inner Hall of Temple Tomb, iv. 993 knives, from S. House, 11. 629 from Temple Tomb, iv. 1004 lamp (with chain of trimmer), from Tomb of the Tripod Hearth, 11. 636 mirror-plate from Chieftain's Grave at Zafer javelin-heads, depicted
— —
— —
Papoura, iv. 860 oenochoe from rock tomb
at Byblos,
11.
655,
82s
— from house S.E. of rapier,
Mochlos,
S.
House,
11.
from Sicily, 11. 626, 627 from Temple Tomb, iv. 1004
842
IV.
631
at
II.
large
M.M.
of,
iv.
Ill, from Votive 846 and Suppl. PI.
LXVIII.
— from shaft graves
— from Thera, tablet,
votive
632-5, tessera,
at
Mycenae,
from
Isopata,
241, 301
from Psychro,
n. 3, III. 69, 462, IV.
from stone box from II.
I v.
130 n. 4
inscribed,
790
II.
Knossos, vessels
ill.
I.
672
House
at
Hearth
at
S.
374
Tomb
of Tripod
635, IV. 353, 727 S. Portico at Knossos, II.
— from 161 — from N.W. Treasure House, 471 — from Grave 14 Zafer Papoura, 563 — represented on fresco fragment from 11.
11.
at
11.
house at Tylissos, ill. 36 borne by Minoan tributaries on tomb of Men-kheper'ra-senb at Thebes, 11. 746 brought by envoys from Keftiii on tomb of Senmut, IV. 266
weapons
of
Priest-king
from
271 weight from Diktaean Cave,
Palace
at
11.
iv.
655
Bronze Age, N.W., chronological data
632
razor,
— — — — Knossos, 702 — hoards
Mallia,
pans, from near Stepped Portico at Knossos, II.
at
from Old Paphos, 11. 602, iii. 61 stilus (suggested), from Palaikastro, ill. 13 swords, from tomb at Amira, 11. 174 n. 2 from Beth-Dagin, 11. 273 n. 2 from Dodona, 11. 175 from Gezer, ill. 312, 313 perhaps votive, from S. Propylaeum
Cave, Arkalokhorio,
440, 456 jar, 'pithoid',
at
stand,
11.
W.
from Cyprus, 11. 134 from near Knossos, iv. 319 situla, from well at Knossos, iii. 258 spear-heads, from Mace-bearer's Tomb Isopata, IV. 356
11.
handles, looped, from
556
shrine,
signet-ring,
I
Sicily,
Bronze objects, deposits and hoards of {cont) rim, gold plated, of silver rhyton from 4th Shaft Grave at Mycenae, iii. 89 saws, from Knossos, 11. 672, iv. 798 S. House, II. 629 House S.E. of S. House, 11. 632 from Hagia Triada, iv. 798 scales, from chamber tomb at Mavro Spelio,
—
170,
at
n.
BROWN
[19]
Early, in
N. Germany,
for,
170 Scandinavian, 5th Period, 11. 132 Brown, Prof. Baldwin, iii. 212 11.
11.
172
1
BROWN Brown, Mr. Burton, excavations IV.
at Ankhiale,
534
Brown, Ford Madox, Elijah and son, by,
Brussels,
Bubastis,
BULL'S HEADS
[20]
11.
306
n.
the
Widow's
4
Musee du Cinquantenaire, 11. 222 base of statue of King Khyan at, I. 421
Bucolic, see Pastoral
Bulls (cont.)
on ivory relief from S. House at Knossos, II. 388 on prehistoric slate palette, 11. 27 on stone reliefs from Atreus Tomb at Mycenae, ill. 193-7, IV. 10, 228 on painted stucco reliefs from N. Entrance
Bucrania on lentoid with sacrificial scene, iv. 568 Buhen, Egyptian alabastron from, i. 417 Building, methods of. Neolithic, I. 34, 35
E.M.
— — M.M. 699,
II,
III.
M.M. M.M.
172,
I.
I,
I.
128, 129,
143, 145, 281,
200 Ill,
I.
370
316, 390, 392, 445, 466-8,
II.
255, 349, 353, 565, 683,
271, 287
— — L.M.
I, II.
65, 105, 372, 683
'Mycenaean',
ill.
322 Buildings, represented on Miniature Frescoes from Knossos, iii. 83-5 represented on silver rhyton.from Mycenae, ill.
— 92 — represented on Town Mosaic, 303-6 — represented on Phaestos Disk, 657, 658, 663 — represented on and seaUngs, 564, III.
I.
I.
seals
I.
565, 673, 674, 685, 686
Museum, fragment
Bukarest
of.
Knossos,
—
Middle I.
clay votive,
,
from from
—
Neolithic
clay
44 from Cave Sanctuaries, Juktas,
Petsofa,
I.
I.
from 11.
65
158
158
from Palaikastro, I. 180 silver, borne by Keftiu envoy depicted on tomb of Men-kheper'ra-senb at Thebes, 536, 648, 649, 651, 746
— borne
by envoy depicted on tomb of User-Amon, 11. 648 inlays of on dagger from Lasithi, iv. 848 from tomb of Queen Aahhotep, 11. 361 on fresco from Tiryns, iv. 576 on bronze hydria from Cyprus, 11. 652 on ivory casket from Enkomi, iii. 195 n. 6 •
738
II.
I,
II.
n.
II.
intaglio, iv.
religious
of, 11.
by Minoan Genii, iv. 443 licking hind foot, on Minoan seals, iv. 560 on silver staters of Gortyna, iv. 560 sacred character of, n. 324, 676, iii. 205, 206 led
— to Apis, 206 funereal 43 — in of Minoan Goddess, — on bead-seal from Crete, 42 III.
sacrifice of, in
inside bowls
II.
II.
— figure of in bronze group from Crete, 650 — on dagger-blade of Queen Aahotep 649 — on dagger-hilt of King Neb-Khepesh Ra, 649 — on L.M. 4 jasper 589 — significance 649 .
133
Bulls: figures
I
from N.E. Entrance Passage, 11. 782 on E.M. Ill seal from Platanos, I. 119 on M.M. Ill seal-impressions, 11. 355 n. 2 on L.M. gems, 11. 495 n. 2 associated with Minoan Genii, iv. 440, 458 attacked by lion, on lentoid gems, iv. 533 on seal from Vapheio Tomb, ill. 123 griffins on bead-seal from Crete, iv. 624 galloping, figure of borne by Minoan tributary on tomb of User-amon at Thebes,
II
of painted stucco
from Mycenae in, 11. 750 Bulb design, on L.M. la sherd from Zakro, IV.
310, 355 n.
—
200
Megalithic, in Malta,
172, 174, 176, 177,
from House of the Sacrificed Oxen, II.
II.
iii.
16
IV.
353
II, 204, 209, II.
576, 579-82, III.
II.
Passage at Knossos,
rites, iv.
Pillar cult
11.
324
iv.
from Mycenae, I v. 41 from Thisbe, Iii. 227, iv. 40 painted sarcophagus from Hagia Triada, IV. 42 and see Hagia Triada, sarcophagus from scratching head, on Minoan seals, IV. 561 sketched on jar from Asine, iv. 758
—
:
Bull-shaped rhytons,
I.
Bull's heads, bronze,
from Majorca,
259-65 22 faience, from Ivory Deposit at Knossos, 189, 190,
11.
i.
— 434 — on miniature fresco of embroidery, III.
iii.
40
:
:
BULL'S HEADS
BURIALS
[2 I]
Bull's heads (cont.)
— on gold repousse plaques from Mycenae, 253 — on L.M. onyx lentoid from Argos, 434, — on435pottery rhyton from Minet-el-Beida, IV.
I
Bull-sports (cont.)
on frescoes and painted stucco reliefs a favourite theme from M.M. Ilia onwards,
i.
M.M.
iv.
Knossos,
II.
619
— rhytons, M.M.
II,
Domestic
Quarter
i.
IV.
237
III6,
la,
262
408, 527-30, 539, III. 108, IV. 727 drain near Royal Road, 11. 531, 533 Tomb of Double Axes, i- 514
from Mycenae, Atreus Tomb,
iii.
L.M. L.M.
n. 3,
lb, IV.
II.
356,
209-32, 307, 331, 495-525
892
II, II. 620, 674,
676,
IV.
892, 893,
I. 445, iii. 207, 208, iv. 44 ivory figures of performers in, from Knossos,
195 n.
i
538 n. 2), IV. 765-7 on tombs of Rekhmara, Useramon, and
(cf.
Men-kheper'ra-senb, 11. 535, 536, 740 (lead filling), Diktaean Cave, iv. 655
— weight
II.
358, 650,
III.
428, 436, 437, IV. 31
on painted crystal plaque from Room of the Throne, iii. 109 on M.M. I pottery, i. 188-90 on L.M. Illa pottery, iv. 372 on steatite rhyton from Hagia Triada, ill. 90, 225
on
and seahngs, I. 374, 377, 431, 675, 686-9, 694, II. 524, III. 185, 187, 188, 218-20, 225, 226, 227, 230, IV. 550,
seals
Bull-sports III.
366, 394, 447, 571, III.
904 Mainland,
4th Shaft Grave, i. 222 n. 2, 11. 530 of painted pottery vs^ith L.M. lb sacral ivy from Eski Samsoun (Amisos), 11. 659
acrobats' performance in.
1.
I.
485, 782, 11.
355, 356, 474,
20
L.M.
n. 538 n. 2,
658
from Erech, 11. 264 from Knossos, Little Palace,
II.
176, 177, 190, 195, 208,
III.
228, 537, 874 527, 528, III. 2, 61, 62, 178, 180, 185 n. I, 189, 208, 209, 310, 433,
M.M.
at
n. i
Cypro Minoan, from Ain Tab,
375-8,
I.
IV. 8, 10,
485,
from
sealing
185
III.
Ilia,
599. 782,
777
— on
:
222, 223, 232
— bronze figure 220-2 650, 574. 582, 615, 618 — ivory figurine of from E. Treasury leaden from Knossos, 344 — haematite from Troy, Knossos, 650, 428, 433 99 — on cup A from Vapheio tomb, m. 181, 182 Burchell, Mr. James T., on Egyptian candle— female, engaged from El Tab, 2 127 35 of, 11.
ill.
at
II.
Bullets,
sling,
11.
sling,
III.
ill.
P.
stick
in, 11.
sexual transformation
of, iv.
21
Anatolian origins of, ill. 450, iv. 23 associated with Minoan Goddess, I. 447, 11. 678, III. 206, 207, 433, IV. 20 ff., 39 S. character
of,
I.
2, 15, 189, 190, ill.
204
ff.,
225,
226-8 spectators
at, iii.
M.M.
III.
208, 231 205 in Cappadocia, I. 15, 11. 259 n. 4, at Rome, introduced by Claudius, la,
in Spain,
iii.
in Thessaly, tradition
of,
227
n. 3, 228, iv.
iv. ill.
229
40
229, 330, iv. 45 in bull-grappling exploits of iv.
46
on coins of Larissa, iii. 229 on cups from Vapheio, i. 245, 525, 676, 715, . 717, II. Ill, 276, 363, 452, 790 n. 2, III. 2,
III, 177-85, 188, IV. 10, 22,
see
n.
Burials,
on Asiatic side
Amrit, ill. 478 at Bethshemesh, 11. 257 at Byblos, 11. 654, 655 at Minet-el-Beida, iv. 771, 775, 776 at Myndos, 11. 43 at Myra, i. 657-8, 663 at
Ras-Shamra, iv. 771, 772, 776 Ur, III. 260 Burials, Egyptian: cemetery at Beni Hasan, 11. 40, iii, 522 Neolithic, near Cairo, 11. 181 n. 3 at Harageh, 11. 212, 213 nn. i and 2 at
23
ill.
Herakles and Theseus,
II.
Bombah
Burdah,
444
at
— —
comparison with Minoan, stela.
11. 32 Early Middle Kingdom, 11. 176, 177
— of Amenemhet
—
of Antef
I, II.
at
24
Thebes, 2
n.
11.
732
n. 5
:
BURIALS
BURIALS
[22]
Burials, Egyptian (cont.)
Burials,
tombs, 1 8th Dynasty, ii. i66 at Abydos, ii. 232 n. i, iv. 130, 137, 415 at Beni Hasan, 11. iii East of Hierakonpolis, 11. 37 at Gebel-Genamish, 11. 37 n. 4 at Naqada, 11. 26
— — — — — — Rifeh, 257 — 757 — Thebes, 736-48 — of Queen Aahotep, 361 — of scribe Amenemhet, 732, 733 — of Amu-neseh, 728 — of Antefoker, 507 — of Kenamon, 448, 450 — of Maket, Kahun, 488 — of Men-kheper"ra-senb, 207, 535, 648, 269 649, 651, 728, 738, 747, — of Puemra, Thebes,745, 739, 754 — of Rekhmara, 226, 534, 656, 728, 739-44. 269, 329, 653, 753 — of Senmut, 425, 534, 647, 648, •
at
11.
at Siut,
II.
at
11.
n. i
11.
n. i
Sarcophagi
Cremation,
Graves, Pit: at
Knossos, Tomb of the Cow, 11. 554 Geometrical, N.W. of Temple Tomb, IV. 1018
at
Mycenae, Danai
— Late
Mycenae, i. 24, 27, iv. 839 n. i synchronism of contents with those of tholoi, IV. 236 ff.
11.
11.
116, 166, 176, IV.
11. 166, 178, 727, IV. 262, 266, 464, 729 n.
3,
880,
882
— of King Sneferu, 56 — of Ukh-hotep, 744 — of User-amon, 166, II.
178, IV.
of,
latest
at Volterra,
11.
Burials, Maltese II.
*Burials,
170 n.
i,
II.
10, 12,
cist,
M.M.
iv.
860-6
56, 59, 70,
280
Hagia Triada,
at
I,
i.
107,
149-50 126 attached to tholos tombs,
11.
169
—
Seal Island, tholos,
1.
at
169, in. 87 n. 5
Hal-Tarxien,
at
I.
Pachyammos, 11.
I.
11.
18; at
37
70, 103, 149, 150,
at Christos,
at
I.
35
•
181
Bronze Age,
11.
— Cells and compartments attached to
II.
18, 35, 80, 131 *
43, 81, 82
11.
Hagia Triada, i. 107, 149, Hagios Onuphrios, 11. 80
11.
36,
80
at Kalathiana,
190
cemetery at Isopata,
11.
230
Town
of
i.
13,
11.
230, 550
preponderance of poor interments
at,
11. 29, 55, 194 n. 2 88 (suggested)
at
Komo,
at
Kumasa,
at
Marathokephali,
11.
in Mesara,
II.
563
practice, relation with,
at
— connexion with Harbour Knossos, 551 — L.M., Zafer Papoura, II-
Urns
Sarcophagi
149-50
Minoan:
at
244
Zafer Papoura, Grave 44, 11. 563 Chieftain's Grave, 11. 563,
—
181 11.
see
at Palaikastro,
Monte Bradoni, Tomb, iv. 539
222,
gravestones, see Stelae
130, 131
sepulchral cave at
II.
of, IV.
IV.
Vapheio, I. 24 at Volo, I. 24
Burials, Italian:
in Sicily,
720, 721,
Ossuaries, cave, E.M., at Pyrgos,
hut-shaped urns, II. 132 from Mecklenburg, 11. 132 at Nienhagen in Saxony, 11. 175 11.
I.
at
Libyan 534, 535, 736-8,
44 434
104,
— — date of contents 240, 241 — period of use
Larnax,
11.
858
iv.
jar burials, see
11.
Regulini Galassi
237
Knossos,
IV.
in Sardinia,
as builders of, iv.
Graves, Shaft: at
11.
hut-shaped urns,
proto-
in
376 Cult aspect of graves, in. 144
at
at
III.
Crete
in iv.
iv.
11.
648,
practised
Geometric period,
11.
at
Ramesseum, iv. Burials, German:
(cont.)
wood, suggested use of in Temple Tomb at Knossos, iv. 977: and see
11.
11.
Minoan
Coffins,
I.
I.
21,
i,
11.
39 80
11.
107,
11.
36, 37 n. 3, 39,
45.52 date of,
II.
41
connexion with Libya,
11.
45
* Objects from burials are not indexed here but will be found under the locality of the burial.
BURIALS (cont.)
connexion with Mycenaean II.
tholoi,
237 n. I Libyan origin of, 11. 53 Nilotic elements in contents of, possible
11.
I.
at Patena, iv.
72 90
at Porti,
174 n. 3
36, 81
80 Pit-caves, at Knossos, 11. 563, Sarcophagi, E.M. Ill, i. 126 at Siva,
11.
iv.
form
858
Tombs,
i. 223, 427, 437-41, 447. 635. "• 324. 334. 336, 406, 650, 721, 834. "I- 39. 69, 138, IV. 42, 44, 295, 401,
402, 403, 426, 580, 823, 824
— from Knossos,
11. 499 Gypsades, 11. 549 Zafer Papoura, 11. 499
— from Ligortino, 787 338 — from Milatos, 499, — from Pachyammos, — from Pyrgos, 59 — from Trypeti, 83 11.
n. 2,
ill.
M.M.
46
n. 4,
n. 2,
11.
date
i.
161,
Mavro
iv.
261
III.
11.
40
771 n. 5 329, iv. 13, 773-6, 960
776
Ras Shamra, iv. 320
at
West
at
Zafer Papoura,
iv.
iv.
771
771 n. 5
Crete, iv. 776 11.
283, 550, 563,
iv.
248
Harbour
in relation
to stelae
above,
24s I.
at
Knossos,
at
Mycenae,
Tomb, Temple,
248, 256
831, 849 6, iv.
at
at Isopata,
Spelio,
Grave Circle, iii. 199 Rock Tomb, iv. 244, 245 Shaft Grave no. 5, iv. 250, 252, 253,
at
343, 441,
11. 11.
547,
697, iv.
Knossos,
279, iv. 43
11.
ill.
274 244
iv.
204, 260, 858,
956, 961, 965-70, 973-83, 990-9, lOOI, 1002, 1004, 1007, 1015-17
chronology of, iv. 973, 1007 earthquake victims buried in,
iv.
989,
990
Town
of
later use of, iv. 1004,
1015-17
pavilion and inner court of iv. 999-1001
235
,
Tombs, Beehive, see Tombs, Tholos Chamber, at Amira, 11. 174 n. 2
—
iv.
125, 126
i.
73,
in
IV.
345 iv. 245
IV.
Dendra,
iv. 11.
of, IV.
Tombs, Rock,
244-6
iv.
at
at
Rock
858, lOII
at
near
Ill,
I.
Mouliana, Trahonas,
at
75
iv.
at
II.
see
I.
Enkomi,
tombs
47
150, 586
— within vaults of tombs, — tholos tombs Argos, — from cenotaph Dendra, — from Chamber Tomb 4 246 — from Mycenae, 201,
L.M.
and
:
structural identity of with Syrian
162
Knossos,
170,
107 at Gournia, I. 150, 191 at Mochlos, I. 70, 72, 89, 103, 107, 11. 40 Tombs, Keel-Vaulted, near Canea, iv. 776
116, 138,
Stelae, in relation with baetylic images,
Tomb,
E.M.
at Isopata,
329
11.
11.
557
11.
North Greece, 11. 40 Tombs, House, E.M., I. 103,
at n. 4, iv.
iv.
i.
iv.
43, 551 of,
Mochlos,
IV.
Shaft Grave no.
337, 555, 556, 557,
in
iv.
11.
of, II.
Cist,
at
IV.
in
11.
Tombs
I.
i.
Spelio,
prototypes
I, I.
I.
849, 858, 962
iv.
234
11.
with rock-cut grave in form of Double Axe, II. 379, 285
55,
— M.M. 150 — M.M. 586 — L.M., 580, 310 — from Anoia, 338 — from Hagia Triada, Ill,
370,
17s n. 5, 887 at Zafer Papoura, also serving as shrine,
380
11.
Mavro
135, 138
11.
11.
274 in Kalkani cemetery, Mycenae,
11.
II.
90 841
11.
III.
at Platanos,
at Pyrgos,
Knossos,
at Mallia, at
Mochlos,
Dibaki,
at Isopata, iv. 353, 356,
at
193, IV. 525
,
Minoan (cont.) Tombs, Chamber, at
Burials,
at Karakovilia,
66, IV.
at
BURIALS
[23]
Minoan, Ossuaries, tholos in Mesara
Burials,
839
Pillar crypt of, iv.
312
n. 3, 950,
970-4, 977-8, 989-90 snake cult in connexion with, IV.1014-15
BURIALS Minoan, Tombs, Temple (cont)
Burials,
Minos
Minoan, Urns
Burials,
resemblance of to traditional 'Tomb of Minos', described by Diodoros, iv. 978 of
BUTTERFLIES
[34]
— hut-shaped, II.
primitive ossuary type, con-
struction of,
date
35 seqq. 38, 65 II.
of, II.
distribution of,
— — house origin •
of, 11.
•
Burials,
n. s, 137,
74
154 Post Minoan,
Burials,
Thomas,
37-40
11.
40, 65 type:
Tombs, Tholos, Mycenaean Argive Heraeon,
Burials,
24s
Kakovatos,
at
Kampos,
11.
43, 364, iv. 243, 402
461 n. 7 at Krasi, 11. 39 n. 4, iv. 676 at Menidi, 11. 596 n. i at Midea, 11. 505 at
Mycenae,
at
40, 41,
11.
at
similar vaulting of contemporary II. 43 well-chamber at Arkhanes, near Knossos (M.M. III6, L.M. la), 66 ;
of Agamemnon', of Atreus',
163-4. 590, 671,
43 n. 2
11. I.
2
iii.
11.
343,
43,
38, 192-202, 517,
III.
223, 228, 352, 613 n. I 'Tomb of Klytemnestra',
IV. 10,
II.
'Tomb at
3, III.
208
887
iv.
202,
i.
344,
11.
n.
2
205, 592,,
n. 2, 371, IV. 242,
II.
at
280 n. 2, 552 Chaouach, 11. 18 r
11.
37 39
Bornholm,
Hammar,
in
Sweden, 11. 132, 133 South Russian, 11. 428
in Peloponnese, date of,
11.
132 n. 3
11.
Burials,
II.
Busiris,
11. 27 But and ben type of house, 11. 40 Neolithic, at Magasa, 132 E.M. II, at Mochlos, i. 72, 73 tomb, at Mochlos, i. 102 of sanctuary on Juktas, i. 158 •
Butmir, Neolithic pottery from, Buto, see Wazet
40, iv. 243,
244
I.
1
14
on development
Aristotle
Butterflies,
of,
iii.
I
— primitive mythologies, 151 4 — symbol of human 149-51, 789, 154 — from 3rd Shaft Grave Mycenae, 151 — on 'Ringof Nestor (with chrysalisof Common White) from Kakovatos, 149-51 — on Greco-Roman sarcophagus, 154 — on gold from 3rd Shaft Grave Mycenae, 788 — on from Knossos, 1018 149, — on sealing from Palace, 789, in
n.
ill.
as
soul,
11.
gold,
874
at
154, 433
87
at
149 n.
of the Genii',
Orchomenos,
594, 599 n.
i.
229
36, 41, IV. 223,
Hagios
at
132 n. 4 in Smaland, 11. 132 n. 4 at Smalle, 11. 132 n. 4 in Scania, 11. 132 n. 4
origin of, 11. 40 seqq.; compared with those of Mesara
of Aigisthos',
11.
11.
Burials, Scandinavian, at
Minoan
'Tomb 'Tomb 'Tomb
11.
at Tipasa,
builders of, iv. 237 dating of, iv. 222, 236, 241 Megalithic character of, 11. 41 lintels
Matala,
in Libya,
n. 3
261
iii.
at
Crete,
in
Hadrumetum, III. 420 Kubbah, 11. 39
at
iii.
at
76 Knossos, 11.
near Matium, North African,
40, 41 n. 4, iv.
11.
relation to Italian,
13 1-2
to German and Scandinavian, 11. 132 from Phaestos, 11. 130, 133 Sub-Minoan and Geometrical, 11.
in Sicily, tradition of, iv. 960,
978
Tombs, Tholos,
{cont.)
Minoan
ill.
at
III.
'
Vapheio,
at Volo,
II.
364, IV. 243, 419
iii.
97, 500 see Stela
Tombstone,
I.
Urns, burial, E.M.
M.M.
Ill,
I.
Ill,
iii.
scales
i.
125, 126
584-6
seals
from Mochlos, i. 584 from Pachyammos, i.
672-5,
II.
364
i.
in.
Little
126, 585,
11.
185,
364, 424, 500, 507, IV. 252
from Sphungaras,
at
11.
76, 78-80, 585,
iv.
11.
iii.
68,
69
from Zakro,
— on stucco II.
787,
11.
787
relief of Priest-king III.
69
from Knossos,
BUTTERFLIES
CANDIA
[25]
Butterflies (cont.)
C's, three (cont.)
— on votive double axe from Phaestos, — and Chrysalis Butterfly motive, origin 114 — — E.M., 69 — — E.M. 2 84
ii.
on bead-seal from Arkhanes, iv. 315 on amphora from Knossos, iv. 307 on ewer from Temple Tomb, iv. 1007 on stirrup vase from Zafer Papoura,
787
see
of,
63, iv.
I.
IV.
n.
I, IV.
E.M. E.M.
II,
75 Ill, I. 108
M.M. M.M. M.M.
I, I.
II,
'iv.
23 n.
I.
2, 166, IV.
Ill sealings,
E.M.
I.
M.M.
703,
from Hagios Onu-
Ill,
found near Volterra,
i.
III.
11.
258
11.
of, IV.
w^ith
11.
identified
iii.
Byty, see Bee, Egyptian sign for
E.M. ornament,
11.
195, 199
— M.M. sculptural ornament, — in Mycenaean ornament, 199 in
iv.
Calabria, Calcite
I
ornament, derived on
marine group of L.M.
lb, iv. 314,
315 II, IV. 280,
30on.
2,
313, 315 n. 2,
320, 321, 353, 361, 1007 in L.M. Ilfl, IV. 353
L.M. L.M. L.M.
116, IV. 307,
308
Ill, IV. 280,
358
III«, IV. 372 reappearance of in Rhodes and Cyprus,
in
IV-
315
combined with octopus and papyrus, IV.
455 at, 11.
308 ogival canopy, iv. 320, 321
318
n.
11.
i
n. 3
vase
in,
iv.
11.
158
168
figure-vase
from Harbour
Town
of
Knossos, II. 255, 256 Calendar, Egyptian, 11. 29 Calf, gold-bead in shape of, Knossos, iv. 963 Calf's head, prepared for table, on lentoid gem
from Mirabello, iv. 491 on painting in tomb at Thebes, 11. 448 on Minoan seals and sealings, iv. 543, 544,
Calves,
—
567 Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, bronze stilus from Palaikastro in, ill. 13 marble figure of Minoan Goddess in, III.
199, IV. 32, 193
Camels, introduction of into Egypt, 11. 157 Campeador, the Cid, in Spanish bull-fights,
Palace style pottery of Knossos from
in
iv.
223 n. I Cakes, barley, as offerings to snakes,
255
11.
in
114
— Neolithic burials near, 181 — Museum, Egyptian marble
n.
prostitutes at,
inL.M.
41S, 594, 595
11.
at,
triple
112
on inlaid dagger-blade from Mycenae,
Cairo, earthquake of 1926
— chamber tomb Cretan imports from, 654, 655, 825 — coin-types — connexion of 535 Keftiu on Egyptian monuments, 650 — by W. Max Miiller with Kupni, 2 657 — temple 61
L.M.
I.
loi
Byblos, alabaster figure vase from,
C's, three, in
I.
Cairn, sacred,
Buxton, Dr. Dudley, on bones from Temple Tomb at Knossos, iv. loio
C-curves, in
Ill,
112, 113
I.
Button-seals, see Seals
II.
280, 372 L.M. Ill mainland ceramic ornament,
Caffre cat,
phrios and Kouphonisi, tin,
n. 2
IV. 316, 747 Cable patterns, E.M. Ill,
237 490
on M.M.
705, 706 Buttons, steatite,
300
in
84
Ill, IV.
Butterfly wings
—
IV.
C's, two, in 'Late Revival' ceramic ornament,
I.
III.
227
'Camp-stool' fresco,
—
11. 605, iv. 359, 365, 387, 396, 882, Coloured PI. XXXI. on sealings, religious associations of, iv. 387
Canaan, Minoan wares imported Candia, aqueduct to, 11. 62
— Canea 231 — dances, — earthquakes
Minoan
gate,
into,
i.
settlement to
II.
traditional, of district, in.
^
in 1304,
at, 11. 11.
312-25,
321
in 1508,11. 313, 321 in 1810, II. 314 in 1856,
11.
314,315
iv.
989
75
11 n.
W.
i
of,
CANDIA
CAT
[26]
Candia, earthquakes at (cont.) in 1926, II. 316-18
Capital {cont.)
—
half, limestone,
— by Venetians, Knossos, 231 — founded by Saracens, 231 Cappadocia, — Harbour, — 2 289, — Harbour Town of Knossos near, 298, 259 Knossos, Harbour Town 229 and with — Museum, dangerous construction 205, 23 fortified
11.
figurines of
II.
3, 4, 61, ill.
11.
of,*
314
n.
II.
317,
III.
iv.
M.M. HI
deposit, 11.
signet-rings,
11.
IV.
776, iv. 953 100, 104, 547, 551
578,
I.
11.
127 n. 2
from Nauplia, 11. 128 Cane, C-shaped prints of in
painting, I. 245, 246 Canea, 11.44, 3 13 ring with engraved ivory bezel from,
at
II vase-
iii.
125,
neighbourhood
of,
iv.
:
Canopy
—
M.M.
11.
131 n.
i
form of, i. 344, 345 plaitwork, M.M. Ill, from entrance to Kljrtemnestra Tomb at Mycenae, iv. 846, 847
on Class
—
terra-cotta
Ill palm-tree
I.
loi
A
tablet
from
model
from Palaikastro,
of,
II.
156,
807, 808
IV.
see
Rome
Box Caskey, Mr. L.
Casket, see
D., on figure of Snake Goddess Boston Museum, iii. 439
Museum,
Cassel
agate bead-seal in, iv. 109
21,
I.
from
I.
M.M. 9,
Sikel cemetery
at,
22 II hieroglyphic (personal badge),
281
— in Nilotic scene on dagger-blade from Mycenae, 361, 114 — on Phaestos 653, 656, 657 — on fresco from Hagia Triada (stalking 11.
Dress Capart, Monsieur, on ostrich-egg cup from Abydos, 11. 222 n. 2 see
Capellae of the Lares, hut-like,
4,
Tylissos, IV. 809
Cat, as
from Chamber 849 and see Ogival
'aryballos'
Knossos,
i.
797
Castelluccio, objects
776
Capital,
IV.
in
IV.
Canopy ornament on
308 Crete,
from Knossos, I. 85-90, 11. 31 n. i, 56 from Miamii, I. 58 from Temple of King Sahure, 11. 56 Carpenters, saw as sign of in Linear Script B,
Casa Romuli,
M.M.
11.
17
I.
Cart, four-wheeled,
11.
in
755
in, iv.
of,
tombs
of, II.
Carinated bowls, Egyptian form, of diorite,
I.
Cap,
XIII opp. 756,
43
cult
— — "•55 — M.M. in, from Magazine of Lily Jars Knossos, 578, — L.M., from N.W. 579 of Caravanserai, 127
at
7
— of Double Axe 479 — mercenaries from, weapons
from tomb of Tutankhamen, 11. 127 n. 2 Minoan, types of, 11. 127 E.M. n, from tholos at Siva, I. 578, 579,
Tomb
II.
6,
11.
127 n. 2 on tomb of King Teta,
IV.
n.
Minoan
Caria, connexions of with
"
— 462 — keel-vaulted
49
Carding, vessel perhaps used for,
231
128 Candlesticks, Egyptian, 4th Dynasty, 599.
iii.
Caravanserai, see under Knossos
of, II.
Candles, Minoan,
fiints, 11.
Caravan-routes, African, antiquity
— roads from, — walls 350 11.
205
III.
755, 756, Coloured PI. 376, 886, 887
II.
5
834, 835
11.
15 n.
i.
'Captain of the Blacks', on fresco fragments from House of the Frescoes at Knossos,
:
bead-seals,
478
ill.
bulls ceremonially draped,
Capsian trapezoid to in earthquake of 1926,
50 n. I removal of frescoes to, objects in passim objects found near: Babylonian cylinder, 11. 266
Teshub from,
IV.
11.
2
damage
—
n. 4,
3, II.
see
:
at
XXX.
early sealings from, with bull-sports,
iv.
i.
II.
from near Stepped Portico
814, 815, Suppl. PI.
II.
ill.
disk,
pheasant),
I.
i.
539-41,
11.
354, in. 114
from Knossos (pheasant's
tail
found near), I. 540, 541 from Egypt, i. 541 on Minoan seals, i. 278, II. 203,
— — wild,
in Crete,
iii.
114 n. 3
iv.
fragment
588
HEAD
CAT'S
Cat's head sign in Linear Script A,
on
M.M. HI
on
Cattle
iv.
Cement, Minoan use of
682
bowl from Apodoulou,
offertory
IV. 657 Catamarans, fixed rudders
240
seals,
from II. 630 from from from
637
11.
House
at
Knossos,
II.
iv.
in.
see
I.
Phaestos, Tylissos,
131 n. 3
11. li.
123, 567, 570, 624 I.
162, 163,
11.
Ida,
see
Psychro, Skoteino, Stravomyti
M.M. la gypsum tables, M.M. Ill stone vases, 11.
Cavetto mouldings of 74; on
>
697 n. 3 Cedrenus cited,
673 n. 2
iv.
Ceiling patterns, Egyptian,
i. 258, 358 perhaps influenced by Minoan rugs and sails, 11. 206 in tomb of Amenemhet at Thebes,
205, 732
intombofHepsebaatAssiut,ii.207n.4 in tomb of Senmut, ill. 31 in
hypogaeum
at Hal-Saflieni,
11.
Cerigo,
early,
M.M. M.M.
II,
I.
I.
— —
II.
68
5
407 ring from Cyclopaean House
I.
102,
IV.
IV.
at
Mycenae,
553
seals,
M.M.
Ill,
i.
677, 685
,
of tholos
205,
from Magasa, I, I.
199, 200, IV. 255 11.
I.
424,
ill.
30, 31,
with Minoan Genius,
iv.
431, 435
Greek fifth-century scaraboid, Chalcolithic period,
I.
iv.
536
21, 32, 38, 57, 68, 100
Chaldaea, connexion with
Minoan
Crete,
I.
15,
16,
69 with Egypt,
II.
26, 27, 28
— origin of of inlaying 262, wheeled vehicles 809 — tradition of God-given law 16 art
in, 11.
iv.
93
in, iv.
III.
i.
at
Orchomenos,
371, IV. 242, 874
Celts, Neolithic, types of,
— E.M.
tomb
from Athens, iv. 532 from Isopata, 11. 764 n. 3, 766, iv. 501 from Knossos district, iv. 500, 50 1 502, 543 from Lasithi, iv. 571 from Vapheio, iv. 573
201
Coloured PI. XV. with papyrus pattern, in painted relief, L.M. la (Queen's Megaron), in. 371-4, iv.
202,
624
IV.
pot from
I steatite
III. 6, IV. 78 Chalcedony dove pendant from Mochlos,
258, 260, 261, 274, 291
sula of Palace at Knossos,
I.
623, 624,
Cesnola Collection, see New York Cestus, used round wrist of Toreador on fresco from Knossos, in. 216 Chad, Lake, route from Tripoli to, 11. 756 Chafing-pans from Royal Magazines at Knossos, I. 568 Chains, gold, E.M. II, from Mochlos, I. 95 Chalandriane, walled stronghold at, I. 156,
184,
from corner sanctuary of N.W. In-
874. 875 sculptured,
M.M.
5;
at, II.
Ill, II. 205 template for, on seals, 11. 203, 204. With Double Axe motive, restored, iv. 614 spiral,
11.
Cerigotto,
185, 196
Minoan,
iv.
721, 722 on bead-seal with bull and griffins,
68, 651, IV. 411
73
at
Cereal signs in Linear Script B,
415, 629
11.
11.
II-
— above pavement of Central Court Knossos, 800 — pavement of upper rooms of Caravanserai, 107 — Roman pavement over Theatral Area, 18 — runnel by steps of Theatral Area, 247 — and Tarazza Censers from Royal Magazines, Knossos, 568 — from Niru Khani, 437 — and Incense burners see
N.W. House,
— votive bronze bulls from, 651 — buildings, 39 — and Arkalokhorio, Korykian, Miamii, IV-
as paving for light-
523
I.
House
S.E. of S.
Caves, use of in Crete as sanctuaries, II,
II.
II.
seals, iv.
Hearth,
wells,
early
of, 11.
i. 695 563-8 signs in Linear Script B, iv. 722-4 signs in Linear Script B, iv. 723 Cauldron, tripod, from Tomb of the Tripod
— on L.M. — domestic, — horned,
CHALICE
[27]
32
i.
53,
54
in,
Chalice, faience,
—
i.
from Temple Repositories
Knossos, II. 188 gold, represented on Camp-stool fresco, 390. 391
at
IV.
1
: :
CHALICE
CHARIOT-WHEELS
[28]
Chalice (cont.)
— Minoan, of with i8th Dynasty alabastron, 390, 391, 392 — pottery, E.M., from ossuary Pyrgos, 12 — offered Goddess on L.M. seaUng, 594 — on signet from Tiryns 392
Chariots, Sumerian type B, diffusion of (cont.) to
affinity
at
to
10,
11.
iv.
I
treasure, iv.
Chalkis, copper ingot from,
11. 624 Chalky inlay on Neolithic incised pottery,
i.
20,
36
Chamaezi
M.M.
I oval
house
at,
i.
139, 147,
40
ii.
iv. 813, 814 on plaques from Malatia, IV. 814 on bead-seals from Knossos, iv. 815; from Thisbe, iv. 816-19; misunderstood by Commandant de Noailles, 817 n. 2 -on L.M. Ill vases from Enkomi, iv. 819 Minoan type with solid hind wheels (Linear Class A) on tablet from Tyhssos, 11. 156, ly.
796
Minoan
795, 820 ff. diffusion of in
269
n. 4,
271 n.
III.
2, iv.
table
on
date
Deposit
Hieroglyphic
of
at
i
on horned helmet sign, iv. Charbonneux, Monsieur J., discoveries Mallia, 11. 271 n. 2 Charcoal, use of in sepulchral vessels,
11.
III.
87
IV.
372
i.
16,
133
11.
822, 823
154,
on cylinder
87 n. 2, IV. 808-25 244, used for hunting on mainland, iv. 579, 580, 831 Assyrian, connexion with Minoan type, iv. 819 III.
Chaldaean type A,
IV.
809-1
iv.
model of from Kish, iv. 809 on mosaic from Ur, iv. 810, 811 on cylinder from Kish, iv. 810 Cypro-Minoan, influenced by Syro-Egyptian clay
type, IV. 822
— on krater from Enkomi, Egyptian two-wheeled, imitated in Crete,
— manufacture
of,
Thebes, iv. 791 Sumerian type B,
on
iv.
iv.
IV.
658
808 793
relief
from Egyptian
—
seal
from Astrakous,
425
on bead seal from Vapheio, iv. 420 on L.M. sealings, iv. 615 on stela above 5th Shaft Grave at Mycenae, iv. 250 on Chariot Tablets from Knossos,
II. 155, 802, IV. 787-9, 819, 821, 831 Geometrical period, votive bronze from Olympia, iv. 797
— Minoan origin Syro-Egyptian,
Minoan,
IV.
of, iv.
295
influence
of
on
Cypro-
822
Chariot-wheels, evidence of wholesale IV.
811-19
diffusion of, to Hittite regions, iv. 814,
81S
L.M. Illa ceramic ornament,
coupled with papyrus on amphora from Enkomi, Cyprus, iv. 375 drawn by griffins on sarcophagus from Hagia Triada, iv. 823, 824 on bead-seal from Avdu, iv. 791,
at
Chariots introduction and evolution of,
819
on fresco from Tiryns, iv. 825 on frieze from Megaron at Mycenae, in
271 n. 689 n. 2 11.
area, iv. 821,
in Greece, iv. 825
Mallia,
392
Mallia, iv. 676 n. 3 on date of jar from Mallia,
Aegean
structure of, iv. 791 survival of into Geometrical period
75 n. 2
at
244, IV. 579,
connexion of with Assyrian warchariot, IV.
Chapels, in Minoan private houses, 11. 279 Chapouthier, Monsieur Fernand, discoveries at 11.
of, II.
825
Chamber-tombs, see Burials, Minoan Chaouach, Tunisia, rock tombs at, 11. 181
on cupped pavement
bowed
dual form of type C,
later,
behind, L.M. II, use
bronze implements from, I. 194 votive figurines from, i. 151 inscribed pithos from, I. 639 vyaterpipe from, iv. 160 n. 3
Mallia,
815
area, iv.
Sargonids,
n. 2,
518, IV. 160 n. 3
Aegean
persistence of in Chaldaea to age of
iv.
manu-
facture of, at Knossos, iv. 793, 795
— on Tablets from Armoury Deposit, — four-spoked, Egyptian, 796 iv.
iv.
795
CHARIOT-WHEELS
Chevron ornament {cont) on shale slab from Chieftain's House
Chariot-wheels, four-spoked {cont.)
Minoan,
iv.
796
— six-spoked, Egyptian, Italian, iv.
CHRYSALIS
[39]
Kavusi,
796
iv.
Chiaroscuro,
797
—
—
on Geometrical vase from Kavusi, iv. 797 on Greek vase of Melian class, iv. 797 eight-spoked, Assyrian, iv. 796 Balkan, iv. 797 Cypriote, iv. 796 Italian, iv. 797 Syrian, iv. 796 .nine-spoked, on clay vessel from Este, iv. 797
vessel
from Glasinatz,
iv.
n. 3
Roman,
Charioteers,
iii.
229 227 n. 3
V of Spain, iii. Cheese, offered to snakes in Poland, Chequer patterns, M.M. Ill, 11. 600 Charles
L.M. II, IV. 348 L.M. Ill, IV. 350 Sub-Mycenaean and 350 n. I Egyptian origin Chersonesos, i. 298 seals from, 11. 843,
of, 11.
— — submergence of coast
158
iv.
Geometric, 600,
iv.
iv.
for in Linear Script B, iv.
708 from Chamaezi, I. 194 from N.W. House at Knossos, 11. 629 jasper. Neolithic, from Knossos, 11. 13, 14 Chishull, Mr., on Boegia at Miletos, iv, 47 n. 4 Chita, see Leopard Christian chapel on Mount Juktas, I. 153
—
tholos
553
87 n.
at, 11.
2,
iv.
to
i.
from Armoury
11 n.
II,
with
Boxes Chevron ornament on embroidery on frescoes from Threshing Floor Deposit at Knossos, see
70,
on ivory comb from Temple Tomb,
iv.
1005
on pottery amphora from Zafer Papoura,
II,
n. 4,
25,
II.
198,
I.
iii.
471
I.
lllb, IV.
la, IV. lb, IV.
II, IV.
I.
iv.
from Kalkani Cemetery, Mycenae, 11. 788 n. 2, iii. 149, 151 from 3rd Shaft Grave at Mycenae, iii. 151 on 'Ring of Nestor' of Common White
— — on
gold,
butterfly,
471
from Thisbe,
i, 12, 13,
I.
I, I.
Chrysalis,
37, 38
signet
290
I.
Ilia,
836, 837
Town Mosaic, I. 302, 311,313 from M.M. Ill floor-cists, i. 451, 452 from W. Temple Repositories, i. 469
on
30, 31,
la, IV.
i.
IV.
I.
38, 56, 70, 74,
II.
Ill,
area
81
— Sub-Neolithic, 78 — Minoan, 28-30, 34 358 — E.M. 30 — E.M. 102 — E.M. 126 — M.M. 202 — M.M. 416 — M.M. 270, 290, 291, 299, 300, 552, 553 — M.M. 421 — M.M. 874 — L.M. 276 — L.M. 322, 881 — L.M. 322, 729, — Sub-Minoan, 27 944 — Mycenaean B, 351 I, I.
iv.
11.
43, 81 n. 6
Chronology, Egyptian,
234
Loom Weight
253, iii. 488 wooden, containing arrows,
Deposit,
81
11.
at, II.
I.
Knossos,
Minoan
ill.
Mountains,
348
503 n- S
III.
— — signs
primitive shrine near,
iv.
Chests, painted stucco, from
III.
11.
179 n. II Children, burial of toy vessels with, iv. 1008 ivory figures of, from Palaikastro, ill. 446
on Dikte, 11. 81 on Juktas, 11. 81
Mr. Greville, donor of bead-seal Ashmolean Museum, iv. 667 n. i acquirer of prism-seal from Karnak,
— and
V. Gordon, on Minyan ware,
Prof.
144 Christos Avthentis, church of on Asterusian
726
inlaid
at
194 n. 2 on predynastic Egyptian stone bead,
religion,
Chester,
—
Throne
of the
Christianity, underlying affinity of with
Chest, perhaps as sign in Linear Script B,
at
I.
Room
912, 913
XV.
Chisel, bronze,
n. 3
on bronze 497
Knossos, Childe,
hatched shading on Griffin
in
from
Fresco
Syrian, iv. 796
at
391
III.
11.
788,
ill.
149
signet from Vapheio tomb,
ill.
140, 141 149 ,
•
CHRYSALIS Chrysalis
COCKCHAFERS
[30]
symbol of resurgence, new
as
to
Minoan
Cithara,
(cont.)
Ancient Religion, ill. 141, 142 Chryselephantine figures of Minoan Goddess and God, see under Figurines ChrysocoUa, see Malachite
— and
Chrysolakkos, see Mallia
City of Refuge, see Juktas
Chukar-Caccabis, resemblance to partridge on frieze from Knossos, 11. no n. 2 Chukur Kend, stone figurines from, I. 50 Chumnos, Georgios, account of Tree of Para-
Clarke, Capt. T.
dise by, II. 483 n. 2, in. 148 Church, Prof. A. H., analysis of faience by, i. 489 tin from Abydos by, 11. 179 n. i Churchill, Capt. E. G. Spencer, Minoan bronze bull in collection of, 11. 650, 651, III. 220 Cichorium spinosum, perhaps represented on
—
frieze of Pavilion of Caravanserai,
— — used as stopper for water-pots, Cilicia,
11.
11.
I.
i
15,
935 n. 2 with Cyprus, 11. 656, iv. 763 with Keftiu on Egyptian monuments, 11.
656
— Minoan plantations 422, 497, 534, 763 — culture 720 — exported to Crete from, 169 in, iv.
saff^ron
in, iv.
silver
11.
Circle motive, in IV.
L.M. la ceramic ornament,
264
in
Mycenaean ceramic ornament, iv. 265 on L.M. la jug from Knossos,
Circles, linked,
264 on rhyton from Shaft Grave
at
Mycenae,
265
buildings,
with
11.
cells
Minoan
18
in
at
11.
181
834 influence of Egyptian type on, 11. 835 in ritual scene on Hagia Triada sarco-
phagus,
II.
11.
834
original
number
used
Delphi,
at
of strings 11.
834
parallel to, IV.
398
11. 328 used in Minoan roof and terrace pavements {tarazza), ii.' 98, 107, 145, 327, 328,
699,700,712,716
— core of Horns of Consecration from Domestic
Quarter
at
Knossos,
160 n. 3
11.
and Mycenae,
iv.
179
— cylinders of Late Mycenaean well III.
at
Melos,
257
of well at Ur, in. 259
— envelope from Cappadocia, 23 — of Neolithic houses Knossos, 18 — foundations of Minoan roads, 54 — nodules from room Knossos, 767 from Hagia Triada, 484 — table in pavement of sacellum Phaestos, — yellow, perhaps used 392by Egyptian wall 449 — and Pottery, Stucco, Tablets, iv.
floors
at
11.
11.
at
1
II.
n.
11.
i
ritual
at
11.
painters,
195, in.
II.
Sealings,
see
Clerestory, above S.
of, 11.
Propylaeum
688; above Lustral
at Knossos, Basin of R. of
922, 924, Fig. 897
iv.
11. 2, in. 138 Club, naked barbarians armed with, on silver rhyton, Mycenae, iv. 97, 98; Carian use of. III. 99, 100
^
Rock-rose
Cithara, Minoan,
Minoan
Clay, blue-black, found in Crete,
see
Cistus, see
by,
229
III.
Clavus,
latrines,
Rome
Claudius, bull-sports introduced in
I.
n. 3
11.
H. M., on Minoan
n. 2
Climate, Cretan,
attached to Neolithic
— Maltese Megalithic monuments, — M.M. in use 236, 316, 442 — Tiryns, 202 — and under Knossos of,
Town Mosaic
Throne,
Circus, see Bull-sports Cists, analogy of
see
228
I.
II.
Cist-ossuaries, see Burials,
silver
rhyton from Mycenae, in. 89, 92
Tarazza, Terra-cotta
IV.
IV.
834.
of movable tripod hearths from Knossos
167, 169 n. 2, 656, IV. 408, 713, 763,
II.
11.
Minoan type represented on
City of
113
113 n.
connexions of with Minoan Crete,
as hieroglyphic sign,
834
on Phaestos disk, in. 99, 100 on coins of Kos and Selgg, in. 100 n. i in cult of Goddess at Comana, i. 656
as attribute of Herakles, in. 100 n. Clytemnestra, see Klytemnestra
Cobalt, see
Kyanos
Cobble-paving, n. 105 Cockchafers, on I.
240,
i
and
in
Caravanserai at Knossos,
M.M.
II goblet
see Beetle (land)
from Knossos,
COCKLES
;
;
Mycenae,
i.
598, 599
Minoan dumps
Coinage,
664 and :
predecessors
of,
iv.
Currency
see
of of of of of
of Knossos, of Kos,
iv.
of Malla,
536
IV.
of Metapontion, of Motya,
of Priansos,
11.
of Rhegion,
11.
11.
765
—
form
843
11.
Coin-types, ancilia,
11.
100 n.
11.
52 n. 3
936 11.
52 n. 3
iv.
licking hoof, iv. 560
bull-sports.
club.
III.
III.
calf, iv.
11.
674, 689
i
— — — — — of Domestic Quarter, 381 — of N.W. 18 — of Palace, 520, 521 — Mallia and 567 — on from E. 510, 513 — on from Megaron Mycenae, — on rhyton from Mycenae, 100 — and
539
11.
frieze
Hall, in.
frieze
at
in. 85
in.
Column-bases from church of Hagios Jannis, Visala, n. 73 n.
557, 558 iv.
of,
11.
Palaikastro,
i
— from Knossos, E. Hall,
I
scratching head,
63, 64,
see Pillars
561, 562
229
100 n.
iii.
567 superposed, in. 62-4, 92, 100 wooden, n. 692, in. 321 of Hall ofthe Double Axes at Knossos, in. 321 of S. Propylaeum, n. 689, 692 of Stepped Portico, in. 322 of Queen's Megaron, in. 355
at
46
lion, iv. 535, 536,
— — — cow and
342, 343, 344, 345,
Little
52 n. 3
IV.
I.
in.
barley, iv.
scratching head,
767
Insula, in.
aspergillum, iv.
bull
iv.
707
II.
252
— Artemis Tauropolos, — 936 — 628 — attacked by
Minoan Crete,
of, iv.
round and rectangular, alternation
539 Roman, of Antoninus Pius,
contorniate,
of,
III. 513 proportions of,
n. 3, in. 99,
of P. Licinius Stolo,
2
palm.
n. 3
I v.
n.
321, 322, 323
iv.
-of Julius Caesar,
278
11.
11.
322. 323. 381 i,
of Tarsus, iv. 536 of Tenedos, 11. 276
of Velia,
i
n. 3
—
n. i
of Segesta,
539
Col di Tenda, rock-cut figures above, 11. 170 Collars, bronze, from Illyria, 11. 198 Columns, Egyptian, 11. 520, 521, in. 513 Minoan, fluting of, i. 344, 11. 520, 521, ill.
n. 2
53 n. 2
345
n.
843 Colchis, connexion of with
n. 2
11.
i
bull, iv. 535, 536,
Velchanos,
628
iv.
493 831
n.
11.
— Minotaur on coins
of Salamis,
II.
ladle, IV.
11.
46, 557, 564 n. 3
278
II.
11.
11.
I
765 n. 3 of Phaestos, 11. 116 n.
of Selge,
Isis Pelagia,
539 765 n. 3
11.
iv.
11.
of Praisos,
lion, iv.
11.
229
ill.
of Macedon,
n. 2
III.
330
III.
278
goat, IV.
n. 3
100 n.
III.
of Larissa,
46
11.
11.
n.
II.
lion
iv.
539 11. 345 Byblos, IV. 535 Colchis, IV. 767 Comana, iii. 100 Corcyra, iv. 557 Eryx, 11. 765 n. 3 Gortyna, iv. 560, 562
of Kalymna,
dates,
lion's
II.
of
— 2 493 — goat attacked by — Goddess with hounds, — 252 — 330 — 936 — mask, 831 — attacking — Ma, 100 539 — Minotaur, 767 — shnger, 345 — Tal6n, 116 — warrior, 46 — Zeus suckled by cow, labyrinth, in.
Coins, Greek, of Aegina, found at Knossos,
5-6 of Akanthos, of Aspendus,
(cont.)
suckling infant Zeus,
Coiled spray motive, on pottery from Knossos, I. 598 from Melos, I. 598 from 4th Shaft at
cow
Coin-types,
Minoan
Coffins, see Burials,
Grave
COLUMN-BASES
[31]
Cockles, see Shells
361, 562
i.
Area of Spiral Fresco, Lustral Area,
i.
410
323, in. 485 I.
370, iv. 235
COLUMN-BASES Column-bases, from Knossos (cont.) N.W. Treasure House, ii. 617 Pillar Sanctuaries,
Propylaeum,
S.
W.
Porch,
N.W.
Portico,
Constantine,
I. i.
422,
361
386
394 Queen's Megaron, Domestic Quarter, 11.
III.
— hearths Knossos, 20 — Neolithic, from Knossos, — M.M. ni, 554-6, 565-8
360
at
804
ritual
11.
I.
iv.
III.
II.
I.
III.
i.
of,
i.
11.
III.
II.
ill.
Coma
Berenices, iv.
—
11.
I
i.
from from from from
i. i.
57
100 21
Lagash, 11. 276 Monte Bradoni,
11.
169
— Egyptian Crete, imitated 193 — exported Egypt, 637 — fragment from Mochlos, 57 — gold-plated, from Vat Room Deposit Knossos, 170 — from Cyprus, 624 in
vessels of,
to
I.
11.
I.
at
I.
11.
from Greece, 11. 624 from Hagia Triada, 11. 624, iv. 652 from Knossos, 11. 624 from Sardinia, 11. 624 from Tylissos, 11. 624, iv. 652 inlays on bronze dagger-blade from Mycenae,
— 114 — spearhead from Hagios Onuphrios, — swords from Cyprus, 273
iv.
1.
— imitated in M.M.
100, loi
Coractas garrulus, see Roller
Knossos, spring
of
Mavro
M.M.
construction,
670
M.M. HI
Kumasa,
11.
14
11.
Corey ra,
— coins
i.
II.
96
2
of, IV.
557
Corfu, see Corcyra
Conglomerate, use of in
in
Cyclades,
99,
11.
11.
Cone-seal, see Seal
II.
415
Corbels, probably used for arches of viaduct at
92 n. 2 Conch, see Shells Conduit, Minoan, from Kolybo, II. 463
211,
iv.
III.
— used in decoration in Egypt and Crete,
I.
273 n. 3
— 'moustache-cups' (Egyptian), — daggers, E.M. H, 54
Knossos,
Compasses, invention of ascribed to Tal6s, 116 n.
11.
68
from Neolithic house at Knossos, votive, from Mochlos, I. loi
1004, 1005
from Mycenae, iv. 1005 n. 2 from Palaikastro, IV. 1005, 1006 gold, from Mycenae, iv. 1005 n. 2
i.
I.
—
at
of,
axes,
ingots,
477
Comana, coins of, ill. 100 cult of Goddess at, I. 656 Comb, ivory, from Temple Tomb IV.
use
I
— adze-axes, E.M. H, loi — rounded Egyptian,
11.
II.
567
I.
cemeteries in Cyprus,
IV.
III.
oval,
of,
13
i.
Copper, E.M.
II.
l.
connexions
Copper Age,
I.
half,
10
11.
I.
— — — from 73 — M.M. H, 211-13, 370, 410 — M.M. HI, 211, 323, 343 — breccia, 370, 386, 485, 235 — gypsum, 343, 351, 352, 441, 617, 689, 164 — 670 — limestone, 394, 422, 689, 738 n.i, 361, 13 — 688 — polychrome, 370, 425 — re-use 212 — square, 629 — stone, 391, 360 — on Miniature Fresco, 63 I.
n. i
11.
pots,
351, 352
I.
Light Area of Pillar Hall, ill. 164 S.E. House, I. 425, II. 391 from Niru Khani, 11. 234 from Phaestos, 11. 688 Visala,
to, II. 313,
Cooking, see Knossos, Kitchen
I.
Central Court,
from Girolamo Donate
321 n. 2 Villa, frieze in by Tiepolo, iii. 56 Contraction of bodies in tholos tombs, 11. 45 Cook, Prof. A. B., on Minoan Genii, iv. 432
—
III.
block on coins
altar
Contarini, Pietro, letter
441 688
i.
11.
on
cross
202
of, iv.
670, 689
II.
Portico,
N.E. Portico,
W.
CORN
[33]
I pottery,
pottery,
i.
I.
179
597, 600-2
Corinth, Neolithic remains near,
— Gulf
169 Minoan port near, 11. 168 Corn, offerings of, at Knossos,
—
11.
4
of, II.
i.
497
CORN Corn
Cow
(cont.)
sign,
of, at
II,
Knossos, •
M.M.
95 174 n. 2
II,
273, 278,
i.
673, 675,
I.
from Crete, Central,
II.
18
iv.
iv.
453, 533
East, IV. 446, 447, 497
from from from from from from from from from from
Goulas,
Hydra,
ill.
Knossos, Lyktos,
iv.
Phaestos,
III.
434, 435
i.
at
I.
iv.
of,
I.
686-
513; mark of architectonic origin in i. 686, 687, iv. 566 block, stepped, of Porch of Central Court at types,
Knossos, II. 814 bronze talent as equivalent of on Chariot Tablets from Knossos, iv. 653, 805
Corslet,
— Cypro-Minoan, 803 — Egyptian, time, of Rameses 803 — Minoan, types of on Chariot Tablets, 803 worn by 401 — of 'Peoples of the 804 — sent by King Kinyras to Agamemnon, 804, — of Shardana, 803 — sign in Linear Script B, 787, 802, 803, 805 iv.
II's
iv.
iv.
I v.
Sea', iv.
iv.
805,
iv.
iv.
Cornwall, distribution of tin from,
11.
179
Covas, primitive III.
Cow
in,
I.
656
and
monuments in Balearic Islands,
calf, relation i.
488, 496, III. 408 Crane-dance instituted by Theseus in honour of Ariadne at Delos, iii. 74, 75, 78 Crespellano, late Bronze Age pottery from, 11. 428, IV. 637 Crests, feather,
on Phaestos
disk,
of with Ishtar,
19, 512-15,
iv.
iv.
554
555
iii.
95
Crete climate of,
32,
11.
ill.
coast of, submerged,
138, iv. 2
11.
87,
234
— deserted Middle Ages and communications — by draught animals, 793 827, 83 — by wheeled 807, 808 — route 167-91 — and Roads, Minoan in
later, 11.
85
in, iv.
iv.
vehicles, iv.
transit
across,
11.
see
dances in, traditional, ill. 75 earthquakes in, 11. 312-25, iv. 989
II.
322
with Hathor,
124, 134, 483, 484, 485,
i.
E.M.
age,
I.
165
— contrast between M.M.
6
Cos, ritual use of club
Craftsmen's signs,
Eastern, in
Corridas, see Bull-sports i.
502, iv. 105
reliefs
95 n. 3
parallels
11.
— clay moulded on dead specimens, from W. Court, 521, 522 — on sealing from Temple Repository Knossos, 695 — on Geometric vase from Milatos, 164
402, 544
8, III.
Corybantes,
see Bull-sports
script, IV. 713 n. 4 Cowrie, see Shells Crabs in Minoan ornament,
iv.
votaries,
B,
633, 793, iv. 400, 849
571
Vapheio, iv. 570, 690 pendant, from Knossos, ill. 410 Cornice, Minoan, triple gradation
gem
Cup
Cowley, Sir A. E., on ox-head sign in Hittite
iv. 170,
Siteia, ill.
i, ill.
183
Cowboys,
444
Mycenae,
n.
130
11.
iv.
555
as
i
466
iv.
Klitara,
Melos,
203 n.
11.
iv.
at
554
of, 11.
419,
11.
ivory from Nimrud,
IV.
— — — 560 — of Hathor, star-symbols 536 123 — used decoy for bull on Vapheio
203
11.
307 n. 2 from Arkhanes, iv. 42, 526, 588 from Chersonesos, 11. 843 Ill,
from Temple Repositories
498, 510-14, 524,
I.
on L.M. seals and sealings, iv. 553 on Greek coins, IV. 557, 558 -on Hagia Triada sarcophagus, 11. 650 head of, from Lagash, 11. 262 led by Minoan Genii, iv. 443 licking hind foot, on L.M. \a seals, IV.
i.
from Amira, 11. from Pyrgos, 11. 75
— bead-seals, M.M.
calf [cont)
faience,
iv.
Cornelian beads, E.M.
—
and
iv.
iv.
—
CRETE
[33]
— Egyptian hieroglyph, 802 on Chariot Tablets, 668 — storage Knossos, 629, 630
:
1
:
;
214
I
and
M.M.
II in,
n. 2
emigration from,
II. 321 Eteocretan race and language, survival of, II.
843
ethnic elements in,
11. 5, iv.
464
CRETE Crete
CRETE
[34]
Egypt
Crete, relations of, with
(cont.)
insular advantages of,
Neolithic,
19
i.
invasions of, from north,
E.M.,
27
i.
11.
14,
i.
{cont.)
12, 14, 15,
22-59
Keftiu of Egyptian records identified with,
101-3, 113, 114, 120-6, 357,
656-8; possibly Cilician coast in narrower geographical sense, 11. 657 piracy on coasts of, 11. 85
22-59, 362,
II.
M.M. III-L.M.
political conditions in, in
"• 559-71. I"- 6; in IV.
L.M.
I,
I, 11.
883; in Early Iron Age,
I.
348, 11 ; in
Roman
times, II. 39, 84 with Africa, 11. 742, 756 and see relations of with Egypt and Libya with Anatolia, i. 3-6, 14, 16, 20, 161, 6x8,
relations of,
:
667, 668,
II.
12,
4,
221, 267, 658,
III.
IS, 28, 45,
167,
IV.
464,
424, 475,
935 n- 2 with Assyria, iv. 530, 534, 548 with Babylon, iv. 422, 497, 654, 808 with Chaldaea, i, 15, 16, 69 with Cilicia, I. 15, ll. 167, 169 n. 2, 656, IV. 408, 422, 534, 713, 763, 935 n. 2 with Colchis, IV. 767 with Cyclades, i. 13, 20, 36, 62, 72, 74, 75,
— — — — — —
84. 90. 95. 101-3, III, 112, 114, 115,
148, 166, 168, 172, 177, 247, 274, 466,
557. 558. 560, 561, n. 15, 193, 309, IV.
i.
15, 16, 153, 160,
134. 505. 654,
—
480,
III.
IV.
11.
14, 15,
398, 407,
497. 758, 763. 827 with Cyrene, I. 285, 11. 39, 84, 756
relations of, with Egypt,
106,283, predynastic, II.
IV.
19,
i.
403 n.
I,
16,
13,
2, 697, iii.
11.
982
n.
25,
56,
4
protodynastic,
11.
526, 984 IVth Dynasty,
i.
58, 60, iv. 503-5, 525,
17,
11.
56, iv.
Vth Dynasty, 11. 56 Vlth Dynasty, iv. 520 Middle Kingdom, i. 18,
235 n.
i
n. 360, 625, iv.
Xlth Dynasty, 11. 177 Xllth Dynasty, IV. 248, 249
202
I.
285-300, 311, 314, 315,
M.M.
Ill,
IV.
130
319, 320, 344, 345, 358, 376, 410, 412, 415-22, 476, 488, 490-3, 498, 509, 510, 534, 539, 541, 553, 568, I.
584, 601, 683, 684, 700, 704-7, 709, 715, 718, II. 467, 476, III. 402, IV. 248 L.M. I, I. 297, 344, II. 76, 166, 205, 361, 521, 522,
L.M.
II,
I.
III.
115, 372, IV. 265, 281
18, III. 446, IV. 330, 339, 749,
803
L.M.
Ill,
religious,
305 841 n.
III. 11.
6, iv.
464, 983
:
and see
Ta-Urt trading,
i. 462, 11. 54, 61, 88, 168, 192, 214, 221, 508, IV. 284, 595, 654, 655, 718 relations of, with Etruria, II. 130, 131, iv. 188
relations of, with Greece,
I.
12, 13, 20, 33,
II.
4-5, 41 n. 4, 65, 168, 217, 432,*452, 697, 833, III. 128, 418, IV. 8, 26, 227, 228, 870, 871 Neolithic,
i.
E.M.
I.
Ill,
M.M. M.M.
XVIIIth Dynasty, III.
11.
284
II, IV. 283,
Ill,
I.
23, 445, 485, 594, 595, 599,
L.M. L.M. L.M.
la, IV. 334, 746, 870, lb, IV. 281, 283, II,
IV.
852,
L.M.
Pottery,
871
420, 887
853,
945: and
see
I c
Linear Script A, iv. 746 Linear Script B, iv. 716, 887, 945 conquest of by Minoans in L.M. lb, iv. 283, 887 epic tradition, iii. 106
from Crete,
relations of, with Italy,
178, 362, 536,
30, 31, IV.
14 114
4,
11.
571, 626, iv.
283, 887
Xlllth Dynasty, iv. 248, 249 New Empire, i. 18, iv. 880, 986, 987 736-48,
II.
237, 238, 241, 256, 258, 261, 266, 268, 270, 271, 274, 280, 281, 283, II,
colonization
986, 987
9,
6,
600, IV. 222, 236, 746
654:
17,
478, 44, IV. 172, 173, 525, 526, 940 n. 2, i.
10 n.
486
IV.
133, 180, 193, 199,
I, I.
II.
229, 248, 253, 539, 549, 550, 754, 755,
715
— with539. Cyprus,
M.M. M.M.
80-93,
17, 18, 26, 64-9, 75, 78,
I.
269
647-
— with Libya, 464, 986 — with Malta, 190,
III.
i.
I.
312,
i.
11.
20, 21,
263, 342, 492,
322
11.
169
45, 756, iv. 34, 172,
II.
180, 182,
1
1
CRETE
CRYSTAL
[35]
Crete, relations of {cont.)
Cross
— with 88 — with Pontic region (Amisos, 764-9 659, — with 626, 494, 978 959, 960 — with Spain, 58 492, 494, 180 — with Sumeria, 253-66, 261,
—
Palestine, iv.
&c.),
1.
3,
22,
627,
11.
I.
22,
n. 2,
II.
179,
II.
'
I.
II.
168
841
on gypsum throne from Room of the Throne at Knossos, iv. 918 iv.
457 associated with Minoan Genii on hydriafrom
Kurion, iv. 457 sign, Egyptian, I. 289 Crocuses, gold, on E.M. II pins from Mochlos,
1.97
Siteia,
— of
ii.
at
pottery,
iii.
lb,
II,
iv.
i.
I.
la, IV.
lb, II. loi,
IV.
Ic, IV.
II, IV.
Crocus-gatherer fresco, i. 539 'Crooked Nostril' (Stravomyti) Cave, Cross, as astral sign
among
11.
516
743 i.
i. 514 280
724
restored Priest-king,
11
1
i.
in.
in. 409 from Lustral Basin of Room of the Throne, iv. 930 cylinder from Vat Room Deposit, i. 170 flake from Neolithic stratum, n. 14 hilt plate of cruciform sword from Domestic at
Quarter,
iv. 854 from Hissarlik, i. 471 from Knosso3, Lustral Basin of Room of the Throne, i. 472, in. 109-11, iv. 928, 930 E. Treasury in Domestic Quarter,
inlays,
409
W. Temple Repository,
n. 3
primitive peoples,
on Procession Fresco, 11. 724 on relief in S.N. Corridor,
95 — boss of pectoral from Gurob, 108 — bowl from E. Treasury Knossos,
!"• 399> 405> 11.
i.
script, iv.
"• 473, 775-89 Crystal beads, E.M. II,
— on faience votive robes from Ejiossos, 469 — — on frescoes from House of Frescoes — Knossos, 450, 458, 459, 464, 363 — — on M.M. 106 185, M.M. 263, 264, 269 259, — 81 L.M. L.M. 510, 285, 286 — — L.M. 289 — — L.M. 321 II.
Mainland
760
769
as beginning of sign-groups,
Crockets,
Crocodile, associated with Ta-Urt,
in
script, iv.
as end of sign-groups, iv. 759, 760 Cross-hatching on sherd from Harageh, iv. 131 Crown of Minoan Goddess, on mould from
720 in, iv.
Cypro-Minoan
516 516, iv.
i.
-as primitive pictograph of star,
i. 20, 58, 62, 97, 191, 193, 194 saffron culture revived in, by Venetians, iv.
snake-skin used as charm
in
i.
— — in Cypriote syllabary,
— with Troy,
— —
11.
in Linear Script B,
seqq., 781
11.
I.
sign, as
33, 192, 244,
267, 655, 656, 658, 743, 82s, III. 47S, IV. 398, 417, 401, 422, 497, 771 et
Crisa,
la, iv.
in Linear Script A, 15, 16, 197,
Knossos,
at
— and M.M. — symbol of Minoan Goddess in94 chthonic 514-17 — mason's mark, 327, 663
421. 9SS
— with Syria,
12
731
aspect,
IV. 125,
III.
II.
1
i.
84
circle patterns,
n. I,
IV.
Ill,
la, IV.
on robes in Procession Fresco
IV.
Sicily,
E.M.
M.M.
658,
ii.
{cont.)
patterns,
480-2,
i.
318, 469-75,
409, IV. 92 from 4th Shaft Grave at Mycenae, III.
484 — — faience94 inlay from Knossos, 516 from Lustral Basin of Room of the — gold, from 3rd Shaft Grave, Mycenae, 516 Throne, 930 — marble, from West Temple Repository, — from Mavro rii 2 of eye of head rhyton from Knossos, 517, 94 — on blocks of Constantinian Palace, n. 530, 108 202 — miniature painting on, 107-33, 930 — on Hathoric cow, 513 — pendant from Gournia, 411 adopted by Minoan 514, — pommel of dagger from Lustral Basin of 123 — on objects from Temple Repositories, 515, Room of the Throne, 93 IV.
iv.
i.
lens
I.
n.
Little
in.
coins, iv.
in.
i.
cult,
in.
i.
i.
684
Spelio, in.
bull's
IV.
altar
i.
jewellery,
i.
^v.
in.
iv.
from 3rd Shaft Grave
at
Mycenae,
in. 108
1
CRYSTAL Crystal,
pommel
Cups,
(cont.)
of sword from Mallia,
273 pyxis-cover from E. Treasury at Knossos,
— 410 — scarab from — M.M.
11.
III.
Beirut, iv. 535
seals of,
M.M. M.M. from from from from from from
I, i.
IT, IV. 93,
274
and
i.
n. 2
S.
11.
373 28
n. i, iv.
11.
iv.
sign, iv.
Cuirass, see Corslet
iv.
Culverts of viaduct at Knossos,
11.
IV.
96
Cuneiform inscription of Rusas II, 11. 169 n. 2 Cup-bearer fresco, i. 8, 550, 11. 337, 353, 684, 704-12 (Coloured PI. opp. p. 707), iv. 3, 6 high position of in Egypt and under Oriental
—
monarchies, iv. 806 Cups, bird's-nest, from near Stepped Portico at Knossos, II. 633 bronze, from Mochlos, M.M. Ill, iii. 177 Communion, Greek Orthodox, iv. 391 n. 6 diorite, from Knossos, 11. 57
— — — — from Deir-el-Bahari, 57 from Enkomi, 765 — gold, from Mycenae, near Grave faience,
iv.
365 3rd Shaft Grave, 4th Shaft Grave,
IV.
Palaikastro, iv.
Curia Saliorum, described as hut, 11. 131 Mr. C. T., iv. 28 Currency, Minoan: gold bars as medium of, IV. 664, 665
tomb
Cypro-Minoan iv.
at
Old
665
— rings medium 664, 665 from Mycenae, 664, 665 — from Mycenae, 665 as
of, iv. iv.
11. i.
223, 469,
790
iv.
'skilling'
504 188,
11.
183 n. 4, 363, 391, 958 5th Shaft Grave, iv. 122, 183 n. 4 from Vapheio, i. 245, 525, 676, 715, 717, n. 2,
III,
III. 2,
177-85, 188, IV. 10, 22, 444 'moustache', Egyptian, from Knossos,
— — of Nestor, 958 — under Pottery — from Midea in Argolid, 507 represented on Camp-stool Fresco, — said to have fragments
11.
57
pottery, see
11.
iv.
of,
found with Ivory Boy-God, in. 444 from Apodoulou, iv. 657
Curvilinear ornament, Egyptian,
——
11. 176, 195 Maltese, n. i8c, 183 Minoan, 1. 164, 165, n. 176, 185, 193, 195,
208
and see Spiral 'Custom-House' at Komo, n. 88
— — Minoan Customs
iv.
silver,
n. i
Currelly,
from
IV.
Ill, 276, 363, 452,
n. i
in.
Salamis,
Circle,
iv.
iii.
11.
IV.
steatite,
— 729 from Knossos, 135 3 Cup-sign, in Linear Script A, 715 — in Linear Script A, on base of vessel from Melos, 715 — in Linear Script B, 533, 687, 715, 729, 806 — in Linear Script B, coupled with throne and sceptre 687, 806 — in Linear Script B, in name groups, 715 980 Cupped-blocks, from Hierakonpolis, — from Knossos, Temple Tomb, 978, 980, 981 — from Mallia, 392-4, 24 — from Mesara tombs, 982 — from 980 — from Phaestos, 392 11.
iii.
11.
II.
at
IV.
iv.
tessera
Senmut
of
iv.
673, iv. 511
tablet
tomb
11.
votive,
11.
of, at
177:
534, 737, iv. 729 n. 3 as sign in Linear Script B, 11. 533, iv.
274, iv. 523 i.
iii.
Cups, gold, from Vapheio
Thebes,
466
Sphungaras,
see
represented on
Ill, I. 673, IV. 511 Arkhanes, iv. 93, 315 Idaean Cave, 11. 607, iv. 211, 344 Knossos, iv. 588
Siteia,
— — Sumerian, engraved, 529 — Vapheio type, iii, 175, 380, 507, 11.
523
Phigalia, iv.
steatite (cont.)
from Hagia Triada, 11. 47, 742, 779, 790, III. 83, IV. 400 stone, from Knossos, 11. 633, in. 178 iv.
199, 271, 273,
— spindle-whorls, from Amira, 174 — supplies Knossos, 93 — from near S.W. House, 88 — from stone box by House, — vase with double axe from Egypt,
IV.
CYCLADES
[36]
365 been
oil-jars
from,
166
11.
Minoan, n. 254, 255, 372 Cutters, copper, from Mochlos, i. loi Cuttle-fish, see Octopus Cybele, see Kybele control,
Cyclades, cylinder seals from,
— daggers, copper, from, — drain-construction
i.
in, 11.
iv.
496
100
299
n.
4
1
:
CYCLADES Cyclades
DAGGERS
[37]
Cyprus
(cont.)
— fixed hearths 2i — from, ensigns on, 26 — houses, rounded, 139 Tower, 299 — from, 2 — pendant, dove, from, 44 407 — pottery from, under Pottery — primitive marble images from, 47, 48, 428 44 429 — galleys
fish
11.
cult in, iv.
ii.
in,
plates
i.
in, 11.
palettes, stone,
rainfall in,
iv.
n. 2, 193, IV.
relations of,
n. I.
11.
13, 20, 36, 62, 72, 74, 75, 84, 90,
95, loi, 103,
114, 115
168, 177
148,
— — — syllabary 516, — and Enkomi, Kition,755Kurion, Maroni Cyrene, coast 34 — of with Crete, 285, 756 with Greece, 37 — Roman province 84 — Silphium on coins 284 — for 48 of,
iv.
iv.
i.
of, 11.
with Egypt, II. 242 with Greece, 11. 20
relations
11.
i.
39,
11.
— construction — use of 191 — walled strongholds — and Melos
in, 11.
silver in,
with Egypt, I. 18 with Greece, iv. 539 seals, cylinder, from, iv. 496 snake cult in, iv. 166 n. 2 see
II.
street
14, 15,
422> 497. 758-63, 827
— Neolithic, 15 — E.M., in, 112, — M.M. 166, — M.M. 309 — Linear Script A, 715 Ill,
11.
134, 505. 654. "I- 48o> IV. 398, 407, 417,
with Anatolia, i. 20 with Crete, 11. 193, 539
I, I.
11.
iv.
with Cilicia, 11. 656, iv. 763 with Crete, i. 15, 16, 153, 160,
II.
relations of:
1.
after afforestation,
n. I
see
I.
i.
see
n.
11.
(cont.)
— copper swords from, 273 — dove 406, 407 — gold mouth from, 99 — pottery from, under Pottery — increased 463 — with Assyria, 539
in, ii.
299
n.
of, 11. 39,
4
of,
I.
in, ill.
6
slab
offerings
I.
at, 11.
see
D
Cylinder-seals, see Seals
Cymbals of Kybele, Goddess,
Minoan
associated with
Dadoes, frescoed, M.M. II from Knossos, i. 251,
219
iv.
— held by Goddess and attendant on signet 252; M.M. Ill Labyrinth 356-9 from Thisbe, L.M. B-L.M. 472 355, 893, 894 — from Cymbal-player's Tomb Mouliana, — of gypsum Knossos, 334, 347, 598, 220 668-9, 472, 44. 272, 381, 877, 878, 896 — from graves Egyptian Thebes, 472 — marble 698, 699; imitation pattern,
II, II.
iii.
at
slabs,
at
— — Knossos Rhea), — wood, probable material of Minoan (of
at
11.
of,
18
7, iv. i,
statues,
HI- 523
from Crete,
use of in buildings, 321, IV.
I,
i.
248
11.
343, 344,
11.
145,
970
Cyprus, Apollo of Amyklae identified with
Resheph
480
in, iii.
— bronze axes from, single-bladed, IV.
Daedalos,
— maker
Thebes, in. 74 gold honeycomb for Goddess of Eryx, 15s
Xoana, in. 524 Daemon, see Genius Daggers bronze, from Chamaezi,
11.
11.
in,
11.
721 n. 4,
652, 653, iv. 310
134 8-spoked,
i.
Lasithi,
IV.
iv.
i.
— from Gournia, 85 — from Hagia Triada, — from Knossos, 243, — from 195 848 — from MalUa, n. 271-3 i.
shrine from,
— chariot-wheels
2, 3, 6, 709, 11. 114, 626, in. 78 of dancing-ground for Ariadne at
I.
194
iv.
415
hydrias from,
do.,
11.
356, IV. 890 Daedala in Caria, i. 6 I.
IV.
possible export of,
11.
IV.
slabs of,
iii.
Cynocephalus, Egyptian, E.M. imitations I. 83, 119, 120 adorant ape of, 11. 763 Cypress groves, Cretan, i. 344
III.
i.
"I-
IV.
III.
i.
iv.
796
1.
195, iv. 848 11.
415, 629
n. i, 719, 720, in. iii,
DAGGERS
DEA CAELESTIS
[38]
Daggers, bronze
Dancers, on fresco from Queen's Megaronj
(cont.)
— from Mycenae,
714-17, 720, 11. 361, 452, 473. 730. 1"- 9S> 112, 113, 118-24, 130. IV. S27> 531. 575, 848
— from Psychro, 754, 845 — from Troy, 182 — from Vapheio, 96 128 copper, E.M., 182 — with 54 — from near Kalathiana, 80 — from ossuary Kumasa, 21 — from Lagash, 276 — from Monte Bradoni, 176 — from Phaestos, 24 4 i.
relation
opp. 370,
— in
IV.
II.
73,
11.
at
in
169,
n.
III.
from Hagia Triada, iv. 848 horned, from Mycenae, iv. 848 from Zafer Papoura, iv. 848 inlaid, from tomb of Queen Aah-hotep, 730.
™-
1
12, IV. 266,
527
Lasithi, in. iii, iv. i.
— from Thera, 130 — from Vapheio tomb, in.
"2, n.
in.
361,
11.
113, 118-24, 13°.
4 96
1000 32,
n. i, 127,
;
at
Delphi,
508
iv.
in. 72, 73, 75
modern Cretan,
in. 75, 76, 77, 78 ring, in terra-cotta group from Palaikastro,
11.
i.
452, 473. 73°.™- 95. IV. 527, 531, 575
iv.
leaping, in. 77
—
III. 361,
69-73,
honour of Apollo in Homeric Hymn, 77
Minoan Goddess,
flanged,
453. 649, — from Knossos, 243 — from 848 — from Mycenae, 681, 714-17, 720,
2
ritual, in Crete, in.
72
11.
iv.
n.
6
associated with ecstatic possession, in. 69,
i.
11.
439
PI.
group from Palaikastro, in. 72,
on miniature fresco from Knossos, in. 66-80 on vase from Hagia Triada, i. 19 on signet-rings, in. 68, 70
n. 5 99, 11. early Nilotic, 11.
tholoi
•
IV.
8,
i.
Coloured
70, 71, 370, 371,
terra-cotta
Dances,
n. 5 iii. n. i, 127,
11.
III.
550,
i.
128
72, 73, 439 n. 2 tumbling, in. 77 Dancing-ground of Ariadne at Knossos, in. 74, III.
78,80
— Knossos, Danube, — cowries used
in. 78, 79 cultural province of, n. 175 as ornaments in valley of, iv. 109
at
Dardany, confederates of Lykians,
i. 663, 666 n. 756
Irish,
Darfur, route from Benghazi
—
Date-palm, see Palm David, expulsion of Philistines from Beth-Shan
from Ballygawley, n. 173 n. 2 leaf-shaped, from French dolmens, n. 172 n. 2 from Zafer Papoura, iv. 857 silver, from Kumasa, I. 21, 99, 100, n. 169 square-headed, on seal from lustral basin of Room of the Throne at Knossos, iv. 932 triangular,
i.
99, n. 80, 169, 176, 182 n. 5 sacrifice, iv. 42 n. 3
used in Minoan
worn by men
in figurines
from
Petsofa,
i.
by,
Davies,
153
—
II. 449 N. de Garis, copies of paintings in tomb of Kenamon by, n. 448 n. 2 Dawkins, Prof. R. M., co-operation of in restored drawings of silver rhyton from Mycenae, in. 90 n. 2 discoveries in Kamares Cave, i. 239, 264,
crystal,
from
lustral basin of
in.
on dialect use of bluchos, n. 104 n. i on ivory figurines from Palaikastro,
Room
Pit-graves
i.
32, n. 13, 18
in.
446 n. I -on ivory relief from Sparta, 11. 246 n. i on Minoan and Bantu use of sheath, n. 35 n.
of
I
excavations at Magasa,
of the Throne at Knossos, iv. 931 Dalmatia, domestic snake cult in, iv. 153
Danae, chest of, i. 311 Danai, supposed builders Mycenae, iv. 237
113 n.
(as
119 n. 2
— pommel,
on tomb of Kenamon
— Mrs.
IV.
minute gold pins Mycenae dagger), from Normanton,
Garis,
Thebes, 11. 448, 449 n. i on use of yellow clay by Egyptian wall-
at
n.
with
168
Mr. N. de
painters,
on stela above 5th Shaft Grave at Mycenae, iv. 250 on M.M. I seal, i. 196, 197 prince on cup from Hagia Triada, 11. 791 Dagger-hilt of King Neb-Khepesh Ra, 11. 649 4 wooden,
IV.
to,
I
-on string-cut vases,
at
Dea
Caelestis of Carthage,
i.
589
11.
n. i
191
DEAD
DICTYS
[39]
Dead, disposal of, see Burials Death-masks, origin of, i. 97, 98, 99 Decency of Minoan art, 11. 279 Decimal system, see Numeration Deer, attacked by lions, on Minoan seals, iii. 123, IV. 586 carried by Genius on Minoan seal, iv. 441
— — in Minoan 578 -in Mycenaean 579 — hunted by dogs on Minoan gems, fallow,
art, iv.
art, IV.
iv.
532,
by lions on Minoan gems, iv. 532, 577-80 -by huntswomen in chariots on fresco from 123, iv. 580
iii.
11.
844
Delphinios, see Apollo Delta, connexion of with Crete,
iv.
982, 983
— Western, connexion of with Libya, — conquest of by Mena, 56, 756, — Eastern, invasion of by Hyksos,
11.
—
23
11.
982
iv.
11.
27
and see Egypt, Alexandria Demargne, Monsieur J., on Diktaean 157 n. 3 Demeter, 11. 615 connexion of with
table,
IV.
577-80
Tiryns,
Delphinia, epithet of Artemis Diktynna,
— Minoan Goddess, — dedication Hagios Thomas, 76 — epithet Tauropolos applied 45 Denderah, bronze jug from, 2 245 — clay from, 258 Dendra, arrow-plates from, — horned sword from, 851 839 — signet-ring from, 171
ill.
to at
467
11.
to, iv.
n. i
n.
I.
— on vessel from Mycenae, 578 — Kaiossos, 496 — suckling fawn, on from Mycenae, — from, 558, 559 245 — on fresco from Hagia Triada, Denmark, arrows from, 6 49 354 — on gold from 5th Shaft Grave Depilation, Egyptian practice of general, in Mycenae, Crete, 253 34 — on ivory plaques from Arslan Tash, 555 Derketo, goddess of Ascalon, 251, 411 — connexion of with Minoan Goddess, 251 — on and 272, 453, Derna, 89 441, 580 — on Helladic and Anatolian Dervishes, dancing, 72 559 red,
silver
iv.
n. 5 sacrifice of, at
figure-vessel
11.
iv.
iv.
i.
seal
iv.
iv.
stelae
iv.
flint-tipped
11.
plates iv.
11.
iv.
sealings,
seals
ill.
11.
I.
iv.
11.
123,
11.
IV.
11.
vases,
Deforestation of Crete in
Minoan
iii.
I.
times,
11.
463,
ceremonial axes Deukalion, I. 10, 11
of, li.
274
518, 519, 565 Deiras, see Argos
Dhty, Egyptian word for
tin or lead,
Deir-el-Bahari, fragment of 'moustache cup'
Dia, island
4, 328,
from,
at, I.
514
Dekhela, limestone quarries
at, I.
295
Delilah, iv. 476
IV.
— communication with Hyperboreans, — crane dance 78 — worship of Minoid nymphs 74
11.
168
11.
11.
Crete,
II.
II,
i.
261
'Diaskourai', twin girl attendants of
— Double Axes Knossos, 339 — on the 'Ring of 340, 342 — on from Mycenae, 340, 342 from Thisbe, 342 — on from Hagia Triada, 340, 342 at
11.
11.
— dance honour of Apollo 508 — marble omphalos 840 340, — painting of Theseus and Peirithoos Dibaki, Minoan tombs 188 90 — of Dice, used in Minoan pavement games, 477 — prism beads used — tomb of Dionysus 838 477 — bronze double axes from, 834 Dichali, Roman road 84 — quarries — stone head rhyton of Late Minoan 84 signets
at, iv.
at, II.
rite
II.
11.
at,
n.
iv.
sealing
11.
at, 11.
I
hair-offering
at, IV.
as,
at, 11.
11.
lioness'
type
from beneath adyton of Apollo's
shrine,
Minoan
11.
Nestor',
833. 841 in
177 n. 3
329
342, in. 458 figurines of, from late shrine of the
in, ill.
Minoan
298,
239
Goddess,
at, ill.
Delphi, connexion of with
I.
— of daughter of Senusert
2
I.
of,
banded alabaster found on, iv. 976 n. i Diadems, gold, E.M. II, from Mochlos, I. 95^ from shaft graves at Mycenae, 11. 217,
II.
57 — Hathor shrine
Delos,
n.
11.
at
11.
832, 833, IV. 727
in.
395
I.
at, 11.
at, 11.
Dictys, reputed discovery of inscribed tablets
from tomb of
at
Knossos,
iv.
673
:
DICTYS Dictys Cretensis, Chronicle ascribed to cited,
Didyma, Cretan
associations of, iv. 47
Dikaia, coins of,
iv.
Mr. Vounous
Dikaios,
in
(cont.)
Cyprus by,
166 n. 2
iv.
940 from Tell-el-Amarna,
— — from Tell-el-Yahudiyeh, ivory,
Diktaean Cave, see Psychro Diktynna, i. 496, 511, 548, 11. 48, 70, 250 associated with Artemis, iv. 24, 45 epithet of Minoan Goddess, 11. 765, 842,
— — 17s — Eteocretan name for Artemis, — guardian of harbours, 843 45 — huntress, on L.M. gem, 577 — promontory 2 214 — temple of Lyktos, 843 Dimini, but and ben dwellings 564 — gold from tholos 500 — Neolithic fixed hearths 20 — primitive settlement 564
242 n. 2 ornament, Maltese,
L.M.
— and loop,
n.
on
at, 11.
I.
10, 638,
9,
11.
11.
684 230
7,
of, 11.
iv.
i.
23,
11.
56, 221,
270, IV. 984, 985
E.M.
II,
I.
17,
85-91
III. 402 n. 3 Egyptian figure of User, from Knossos, I. 18, 286-90, II. 60, 219, 220,
— seated 801,
imitated in pottery,
III. 5, IV.
Dioscorides,
985
Codex
of, 11.
70
n.
Dioskouroi of Zeus, paralleled Minoan Goddess, 11. 342 Diospolis Parva,
from,
brown
982 'Dipylon' type of fibula,
4 by 'Diaskourai' of cupped block
IV.
11.
425
iv. 548 mason's mark at Knossos,
— on
11.
69, 70,
449
11.
n.
I.
Minoan methods
334
i
frieze of pavilion of Caravanserai,
Divination,
of, iv.
11.
— — —
953 (cf. Hippocamp and Skylla) Dogs, as guardians of temples of Diktynna,, II.
765
— on L.M. for E. Crete, 764 — confronted, on L.M.I6-L.M. II 614 — M.M. from Petsofa, 153 — Chaldaean inkstand in form 422 — in Minoan 487 — hunting scenes with, transferred to 525 — on E.M. II from Mochlos, 93 — on M.M. 197 — on cylinder from Arkhanes, 509 — on ivory half 74 I seal
11.
seals,
i.
of, ill.
53
Dirk, see Dagger
art, iv.
Disk, inscribed, from Phaestos, see Phaestos
later
lions, IV.
disk
steatite lid
Tomb
clay, as seals to packages, iv.
of Double
•
I seals,
i.
i.
seal
597
iii
420, 573,
945 Dnieper, amber from, 11. 174 n. 3 Dodona, 11. 168 bronze perforated axe from, 11. 175 early dove cult at, iv. 411 swords from, 11. 175 votive bells from, I. 175 Dog-headed sea monster, on sealing I. 697-9, IV. 952, on silver rhyton, ill. 96, IV. 952,
I figures of,
138
Disks amber, gold edged, from Axes, II. 174 n. 3
bowl from Phaestos, II. 217 II dagger, on gem from
collared,
alabaster
shield, allied to Hittite,
218
iv.
Dittany, Cretan,
— — — omphalos tomb 838 — with Ariadne, 447 III.
11.
437, 627 422, 488
II.
II.
— on bead-seals, Distaff, as
Dionysos, hair-offerings to, iv. 477 head of, on coins of Tenedos, 11. 276 kantharos as symbol of cult of, iv. 447 relations
I.
Ill, la,
steatite
Astrakous,
n. 4,
626, IV. 18, 155, 9S9-6i Dionysios of Syracuse, iv. 220
Diorite, bowls of, Egyptian,
III.
II.
Knossos, IV. 922, 923 used as Minoan weights, IV. 653 winged, on Cypro-Minoan cylinder from
97,
at, 11.
cited,
IV.
— linked, on L.M.
at, 11.
Diodoros
941
Old Pylos,
I, 11.
M.M.
11.
Diocletian, palace of, at Spalato,
at
267, 268
iv.
at, i.
940, 941 iv.
185
11.
architectural,
11.
lilies
of the Throne,
— Minoan 85 159, 160, ceramic, M.M. 627 — M.M. 256, 258, 261, 264, 265,
iv.
of, 11.
iv.
from tholos tomb
II,
IV.
at
Room
from
IV.
561 discovery of clay model at
P.,
Disks
faience, for inlay,
289, IV. 672
II.
DOGS
[40]
cylinder, iv.
iv.
iv.
DOGS
DOVES
[41]
Dogs (cont.) on E.M. Ill seal from Platanos, I. 120 on silver diadem from Siphnos, I. 95 n. 4 scratching, on bead-seals, IV. 544, 545 seizing stag, on haematite lentoid from E. Crete compared with Odysseus' brooch,
— — — —
Door
n.
in S.
382, 384,
13, IV.
III.
4
993
Double Axes
of Hall of the
at
319 -of Entrance Hall of Temple
Knossos,
III.
IV.
524, seizing wild-goat,
on hut-urns, 11. 132 House at Knossos, 11.
fastenings
Tomb,
iv.
993
— on M.M. lentoid from and Key Knossos, — jambs, Minoan, 337, 369, 448, 382, 518, 524 — and Bitch, Greyhound, Hound, Mastiff 212 266, 340, 565, 714. 995 Dogs' heads, middle Neolithic from — mason's mark, 664 — Knossos, from cemetery 22 45 II
see
IV.
"I- 12,
I.
:
siognomy, Portraits Dolium, see Shells
Mr.
on stone drain-heads,
Christian,
I.
378
on
fluted
columns in
Little Palace,
11.
Dor,
Pylos with Kakovatos,
11.
43,
Knossos in 1903, Double Axe, see Axe, Double bow, see Bow visit to
— —
ill.
and elevations by,
plans, sections,
I.
226,
— at Ellez in Tunisia,
11.
in
sickle, see Sickle
11.
— on fresco from Queen's Megaron 330. 507. 522, 543. 544.
at
Ill-
426, 427 Cypro-Minoan,
Ill,
I.
607, 608,
— emblems of
II, IV.
305
lllb, XV. 313
comparatively late date iv.
of,
406, 408
celestial aspect of goddess,
339
11.
alighted, sign of spiritual possession, III.
I.
152 n. 2
— Christian Baptism, — clay images
parallel I.
L.M. L.M.
407
406
iv.
411 Syro- Anatolian,
377. 378,
609
iv.
406, 407
IV.
508,
M.M.
iv.
Palestinian,
IV.
43,
IV.
181
Knossos,
I.
337, 339,
391, 405, 406, 407 connexion of with Naked Goddess,
Greek, 11.
II.
IV. 24, 159,
cult of,
180
Dolphins, associated with Priest-king on beadseal from Knossos, iv. 414
6 in ceramic ornament,
—
Cypriote,
Valley,
145 n. 4
Double-spouted vessels, i. 81, 82 Doves, associated with Minoan Goddess,
181
— French, stone beads from, — North Africa and Nile
I.
ill.
585
11.
44. 222-4, 440. 508. 576, 635,
227, 341, II. 384, 414 n. I, 516, 521, III. 300 reconstitutions by, 11. 350 n. i. III. 288 Dolmens, near Cairo, 11. 181 n. 3
—
at Castelluccio,
ecstatic possession of servant at,
69 Dorpfeld, Dr. W., identification of Nestor's
521 n. 3
I-
n. i
11.
slabs,
44,
on sealings, Temple Repositories, i. 695 Dohan, Mrs., see Hall, Miss Edith H. Doliche, worship of Zeus at, iv. 46 Dolichocephalism, I. 7, 8, 11. 45 and see Phy-
n. 3,
IV.
sign, as
clay,
Doll,
11.
I.
see
:
dove lighting on Jesus
at
223
of, from Gournia, I. 508 from Palaikastro, I. 180 from Palestine, iv. 391 n. 6 from Petsofa, i. 153 on Greek Orthodox Communion Cups,
— on from Pachyammos, 608, 609, 500 — on rhyton from 822, 314, — 272, 955 — on Minoan 6 391 675, 676, 414, 497, — on heads from Majorca, 22 500 — on signet-ring from Harbour Town, 250 — on goblet from 4th Shaft Grave Mycenae, — on from Knossos, 502 391 — on Linear Script A, shrine from Knossos, Dolphin's head 641 jars
11.
i.
Pseira,
I.
ill.
11.
90,
IV.
seals,
i.
bull's
I.
at
11.
steatite vessel
IV.
11.
sign, in
Domovoy, Russian domestic spirit, iv. 152 Donato, Girolamo, on 1508 Candia earthquake, 313, 321
terra-cotta
i.
in Linear Script B, iv. 685
11.
iv.
n.
iv.
I.
223, 224, III. 331, IV. 406 figure of Goddess from Knossos,
— on
160,
iii. 337 gold shrine from 3rd Shaft Grave at
Mycenae,
11.
615
1
DOVES Doves
DRESS
[42]
(cont.)
— on group of dancers from 73 — on post of swing from Phaestos, 26 — M.M. vessel formed 172, 405 — on clay cylinders of domestic 406 — pendants shaped from Cyclades, 407 from Mochlos, 102 — on and 117, 524, 405, 459> 486 — on votive from Psychro, 683 — Minoan species with rockdoves, dusky plumage, 405 — rock, descent of domestic pigeons from, 411 terra-cotta
Palaikastro,
iii.
terra-cotta, IV. 25,
I
as,
146,
i.
173,
IV.
cult, iv.
as,
iv.
i.
seals
sealings,
IV.
11.
I.
tablet
I.
religious
identified
IV.
;
their
ib.
iv.
indigenous in Crete, iv. 41 in hands of priestly figure,
— white,
412
Palestinian, iv.
n.
Draughtsmen, Minoan (cont.) on M.M. Ill ivory signet from Hagia Triada,
Anatolian influence on,
405, 406
Libyan influence on,
11.
401, 882 embroideries on,
11.
307
37, 40, 42,
67
III.
— M.M.,
signs in Linear Scripts,
i.
619
Knossos,
see
at Phylakopi,
679-81,
under Knossos
11.
— Minoan, from Enkomi, from Knossos,
i.
i.
485,
11.
n. 3 n.
IV.
ill.
II.
473, 476, 485 n. 4
170, 387, 388, 470-86,
i.
from Mycenae, seals,
flounced,
and
II, iv. 27,
M.M.
i.
430, 481-4, 486, 125,
i.
religious
of,
11.
11.
47
47, iv. 521,
I.
281
Draughtsmen, Egyptian predynastic,
28, 31, 32, 196, 197, 401,
I.
i.
iv.
402
male sheath and loin-clothing fashionable character
Syrian influence on,
of, 11.
iv.
of, iv.
767,
iv.
478
33 27
402
— method of hair-dressing: fringe of
curls,
212, 520-24 (bronze)
male, E.M.,
11.
— M.M., 153, 35 679-81, 235 — L.M., 535, 705, 706, 721, 731, 755 — apron, 197 — not worn by children, 446 letoutforolderpersons. 449,450,461 — cap 475 — 387 — 461 — 734, 743, 744, 754, 755, 569 — n. 235, 781, 87 — Libyan sheath, 34 — n. 267, 750-2, 6 461 34,
197,
I.
II.
739_^,
in.
gloves, IV. III.
IV.
kilt, II.
476 476 n. 2 Minoan, from Knossos, i. 302, 387, 388, 477-9 i.
in.
i.
in.
hat.
II imitation of,
in.
i.
(biretta), iv.
125, 478, 479,
11.47
jackal-headed,
n. i,
III.
III.
I.
I.
1, 11.
27 31, 32 IV.
belt,
I.
signet,
197; Babylonian
i.
M.M. III-L.M.
iv.
I.
sign,
E.M.
426,
la,
II.
i.
(latrunculi),
III.
ib.;
— — of dancers, 70, 72 371 — of Court 546-8, 49, 52 — of performers in 21 — of 500-6, 679-81, 70, 450 — of Goddess, n. 337, 724, 438, 470,
III.
(potter
lion-headed,
I
skirts,
47
522, 928
parallel to
700
iv.
— aprons, 26 — bodice, 33 4 — cap, peaked, 426 — 33 — bell-shaped, M.M.
votaries,
of, IV.
— on E.M. Ill 124, playing draughts) 522 — connexion 480 — Greek, 476 — Roman 476 — Egyptian hieroglyphic, 125
—
94
bull-sports, iv.
299 n. 4
522; deposited in tombs,
M.M.
III.
stays, IV.
common
143 section of, origin of snake-tubes, iv. 144 Draughtboards, Egyptian, i. 473, 476, 477, 480,
IV. 24, 92,
11. 32, 33 125, 153, 197, 276, 500-6, 546-8,
ladies,
Drain-pipes, Minoan, varieties
IV.
n. i, 732, 733, 766,
— reflected in ideograms,
33,
ring-snake, iv. 148 at
I.
influence visible,
453
Drachmani, pottery from, I. 168 Drain (or water main), habitat of
— —
34
33, 721, iv. 398, 399,
female, E.M.,
Dovetailing, used for stone blocks lining floor
Drachm
15
161, 162
tubes, IV. 165
I.
197
i.
33, IV.
11.
Syrian influence on,
cloak,
i
iv.
Babylonian influence on,
11.
iv.
Dove-cots, pottery, evolution of from snake-
cists,
522
IV.
Dress, Minoan:
leggings,
in.
iv.
loin-clothing,
— sandals,
11.
728
in.
n.
DRESS
EARTHQUAKES
[43]
Dress, Minoan, male (cont.)
— — sheath or35 penistache, 447. 448, 45° —444. shoes, 728 — 33 sash,
Ducks
II.
iii.
34, 35, 47,
tunics,
II.
acrobats,
752 403 120
priests, i. 68, 683, 11. 770, iv. 215, 401, 404, 882 Syrian influence on, i. 16, iv. 882
— of tumblers, — of — of warriors, votaries,
Egyptian,
11.
of Ishtar,
I.
of Resheph,
iv.
11.
iii.
ill.
461,
iv.
35, 75, 77, 197, 198
—
Dumuzi,
see
Thammuz
Prof.,
on Minoan column form,
i.
343
nn. 3 and 4
Dussaud, Monsieur, on Diktaean Table,
104
IV.
157 n. 3
Dyrrhachion, coins
of, iv.
478, iv. 401 Drill, tubular, use of on Neolithic stone vases,
n. 3
557
iii.
E
n. 15, 31
on bead-seals, Drip-ornament, on n. I, IV. 638,
iv.
M.M.
Ea-bani,
93 Ill pottery,
11.
811
639
on L.M. lb pottery from Aegisthos tomb at Mycenae, 11. 487 n. 5
Droop, Prof.
relation
—
401, 882
86, 87, 100 iii.
on
Prof. Friedrich von,
Durm,
502, 503
339, 742,
between Shaft Graves and tholoi at Mycenae, iv. 240 Dumps, gold and silver, precursors of coinage, IV. 664 silver, from Knossos, iv. 664 gold, from Old Salamis, iv. 664
Duhn,
744
flute players, iv. ill.
n. 5
IV.
n. 3, 725,
11.
art, in.
in
in.
11.
— 32 — of — of — of huntsman, — of
IV.
as,
11.
II.
sidelocks,
(cont.)
— vases shaped from Phylakopi, 81 Duck-hunting, Egyptian 115 — oninlaiddagger-bladefromMycenae, n. 361, 114, 115 — on gold pendant from Aegina, 175
J.
P.,
28, in. 450, iv. 18, 459,
11.
69, 356,
I.
505
— on
from Knossos, iv. 423 on amethyst pendant from Knossos, in.
lapis-lazuli cylinder
Eagle,
4"
— on cylinder from — on talismanic gems, .
restoration of frescoes by,
373 n.
I,
546 n.
302
3, in.
translation of Dr.
i.
372 n.
i,
n. 2
Xanthudides work by,
11.36
Drop
sign, following bent-arm sign on offertory bowls from Apodoulou and Petsofa, IV. 657 on Vase Tablet, iv. 732 origin of, in rain pictograph, iv. 658 Drought, symbols of, on talismanic bead-seals, ^
IV.
446
Druce, Dr. G. Claridge, on water-lily motive on cups from Knossos, 11. 463 n. 2 Drum, limestone, in Room of the Stone Drum at Knossos, iv. 925, 926 Ducks, gold pendant, from Knossos, in. 412 in Egyptian art, iv. 330 in ceramic ornament, L.M. II, iv. 330, 334,
— —
337
L.M. L.M.
Ilia, IV.
334
III6, IV. 313
Mycenaean,
iv.
333
— on Minoan 330 — instantaneous sketch of three seals, in. 116, iv.
n. 2, 491,
588
in contrasted'
action, iv.
492
Initiatory Area, iv.
Ear,
symbolic,
iv.
Minoan
in
424
541 religious
art,
n.
790 n. 2, in. 69, 152 n. 2 on gold signet from Vapheio tomb, n. 790
n. 2
on votive Ear-ring,
tablet
from Psychro, in. 69 on Cup-bearer
represented
silver,
fresco,
II.
706
Earth, sign
of,
on talismanic bead-seals,
IV.
448,
449 Earth-goddess, see Goddess
Earthquakes, beliefs as to cause
of,
— reaction n. 312-25, — in Crete, n. 213, 673 religious
to,
a.d. 66,
iv.
A.D. 251, n.
313 A.D. 375, II. 313 A.D. 1250, n. 313 A.D. 1490, n. 313 A.D. 1856,
II.
315, 318
A.D. 1875,
II.
313
A.D. 1926,
II.
318,
at
Candia,
iv.
A.D. 1304,
III.
989 II.
321
50
n. 324, 538 in. 12
1
:
EARTHQUAKES Earthquakes, in Crete, A.D. 1508,
Candia
at
11.
313, 321
A.D. 1810,
II.
314
A.D. 1856,
II.
Egypt, connexions of, with Crete 5th Dynasty, 11. 56
(cont.)
6th Dynasty,
314, 315 1926 (writer's experiences),
A.D.
316-18, III. 289 at Knossos, end of at close of
M.M.
III6,
II.
II. I,
14 12
loi, 214, 286-9, 3ii>
m-
towards end of L.M.
40i-3. 48S.
la,
11.
280, IV. 872, 878, 988, 989 as cultural termini define
353
III.
Minoan
319, iv. xxvii et passim at end of L.M. II, iii. 495, 942 in time of Nero, 11. 289
11.
321
11.
319, 347 at Ragusa, 11. 321 n. i, 322, iv. 990 n. Earth-shaker, delight of, in bulls, 11. 324
—
Ebers Papyrus, Calendar
of,
Eccles,
Miss
E., iv.
347
69-73
Edoni, coins
564
n. 3
of, iv.
M.M.
476,
by Minoan
Crete,
i.
18,
266, 504, 554 sphragistic art,
IV. 505 connexions of, with Anatolia, 12th Dynasty, II. 221 with Crete, i. 19, 11. 2, 697, iii. 106, 283,
—
I
pre-dynastic, II.
982
44, IV. n.
172,
i.
13, >6, 17, 25, 56, 478,
173, 525, 526,
940
n.
2,
4
proto-dynastic,
11.
58, 60, rv. 503-5,
i.
17,
11.
130
403, I,
II,
297, 344,
I.
11.
467.
248
IV.
II.
76, 166, 205,
115, 372, IV. 265, 281
III.
18, HI. 446, IV. 330, 339,
I.
Iii.
305
56, iv.
235
n. i
11.
841 n.
6,
iv.
464, 983
and see Ta-Urt with Cyclades,
—
11. 242 chronology of, I. i, 25, 30, 31 emigration from, I. 17, 66, 102, II. 24, IV. 982 faience roundels from, i8th Dynasty, iv. 92 figure vases from, i8th and 19th Dynasties, II.
256
inlays from, late prehistoric, iv.
946 n. 2 isodomic masonry of Ramesside date in, II. 188 prehistoric palette from, i. 190 Semitic element in, 11. 27, iv. 506 snake cult
in, iv.
157
Syro-Hittite cylinders influenced by, iv. 458 wheeled vehicles in, xv. 808
and
525, 526, 984
4th Dynasty,
III.
religious,
307
192-208, 226, 227, 361, 448-50, 453,
403 n.
IV.
I.
718 11.
4.74, III. 104, 112, 168, IV. 191,
IV.
202
i. 462, 11. 54, 61, 88, 168, 192, 214, 221, 508, IV. 284, 595, 654, 655,
Egypt:
by Sumerian
II.
Greek, i. 19 icommercial,
756
11.
Egg-stands, clay, from Knossos,
— influenced
Ill,
Mycenaean,
:
Egg-shell ware, see under Pottery
II.
133, 180, 193, 199, I.
749. 803
imported into Crete,
art of, influenced
II,
361, 521, 522,
274
158
IV.
ostrich,
486
IV.
I, I.
683-4, 700. 704-7. 709-15. 718,
i
Eggs, offerings to snakes in Greece and Rome,
—
177
319, 320, 344, 345, 358, 376, 410, 412, 415-22, 476, 488, 490-3, 498, 509, 510, 534, 539, 541, 553, 568, 584, 601,
L.M.
ill.
360, 625,
IV.
285-300, 311, 314, 315,
n. 2
Ecstatic possession,
11.
237, 238, 241, 256, 258, 261, 266, 268, 270, 271, 274, 280, 281, 283,
L.M. 11.
18,
248, 249 Empire, I. 18, iv. 880, 986, 987 13th Dynasty, iv. 248, 249 i8th Dynasty, 11. 178, 362, 536, 647-9, 736-48, III. 30. 31. IV. 269 Neolithic, I. 14, 11. 12, 14, 15, 22-59 E.M., I. 17, 18, 26, 64-9, 75, 78, 80-93, 101-3, 113, 114, 120-6, 357, II. ion. 6,
3
i.
Ecbatana, ceremonial axe from,
11.
i.
New
M.M. M.M.
chronology of, 11. 291, 292, 320 connexion with chthonic cult, 11. 540 effects of, II. 161, 165, 319, 666 political effects of,
ith Dynasty,
i2th Dynasty,
22-59, 362,
11.
at Phaestos,
IV.
(cont.)
520
iv.
Middle Kingdom, 986-7 I
M.M. II, 11. 43, iii. M.M. Ilia, 11. 348, iii.
347. 357. 360, 365. 374. IV. 632, 633
Period,
EGYPT
[44]
see
Burials,
Seals, Delta,
Frescoes, Pottery,
Script,
Thebes, Tell-el-Amarna, &c.
:
:
EGYPTO-LIBYAN Egypto-Libyan connexion with Crete, I.
M.M.
I,
196
— on — influence in E.M. figures
seals,
i.
123-5 Ill,
— on
103
i.
jug from, i. 23 n. 2 Elbe, export of amber from, 11. 174 Electrum inlay on bronze dagger from Shaft
Mycenae,
in. 131
— ring from Mycenae, 832, 463 Elephants, African, known Minoans, 742 — Syrian, hunted by Thothmes 743 — tusk from deposit Phaestos, 742 boar's tusk necklace from, 870 — pottery kernos from, 75 6 ill.
11.
to
11.
III,
early
of,
11.
at
11.
Eleusis,
iv.
n.
i.
•
inscribed stirrup vase from,
iv.
n. 181
n. 732
from Knossos, Threshing Floor Heap, III-
37. 38.
40
Procession Fresco,
11.
725, 730, 731,
733, 734
Ladies in Blue, n. 730, 733, 734
from Phylakopi,
in.
40
— on tomb of Men-kheper'ra-senb,
207
II.
Emery, Naxian, I. 14, 55 Engelbach, Mr. R., discoveries at Harageh,
11.
211
Engraved gems, see Seals Engraving, Minoan, use of 'blunt point'
in,
Engrailing, see Inlaying
217 n. 3 Enkomi (Old Salamis, Cyprus), with Syrian coast, iv. 780 II.
of
relation
— alabaster n. 256 from tomb — amphora with chariot scene from, 374 — bronze stand from, n. 602, 61 — casket from, 195 6 — clay from, — copper ingot from, n. 624 759 — cylinder depicting dove from, 407, 408 — draughtboard from, 473, 476, 485 4 — faience from, 765, 771 — gold currency bar from, 665 n.
at,
in.
i
n.
balls, inscribed,
iv.
cult
iv.
n.
I.
iv.
I.
iv.
with
Minoan
.
and'see 'Ring of Nestor' Embalming, practised by Keftiu
iv.
silver
un-Greek character of, iii. 155 n. 2 as background to Priest-king relief, 11 786 folk, n.
748
n. i
Embroidery adder mark in, on fresco, 11. 731 head trophy in, on fresco, in. 40
bull's
and triglyph in, on fresco, on frescoes, in. 733, 734 sphinxes in, on fresco, in. 40 swallows in, on fresco, in. 40 in,
iv.
inscribed,
of
religion, in. 155 n. 2
half-rosette
iv.
495 — haematite weights from, 494,655, 656 — ivory mirror handle from, 533, 804 — from, 315, 372, 658, 659, 829 — limestone fragment, from, 759 — scarab from, n. 494 — ring from, n. 494, 495 — vases from, 136 — tomb oblong vaulted, 771 — vase fragments from, n. 818-20 kraters
87 n. 3 connexion
664 IV.
66 fields,
iv.
mouthpiece from,
Elunda (Olous), E.M. serpentine vessel from,
network
121, IV. 100
I.
represented on frescoes, from Hagia Triada,
dumps from,
491 n. i pre-dynastic draughtsmen from, i. 478 gaming board from, I. 485
11.
731
114
iv.
El Mahasna, beads from,
Elyros,
pottery,
II.
in.
— — — —
Elysian
n. i, n.
iv.
El Kab, alabaster objects from, 1. 75 n. 4, 76, n. 57 candlesticks from, n. 127 n. 2 double-spouted vessel from, i. 82 moustache cup from, 11. 57 offering table from, I. 75 n. 4, 76 EUez, Megalithic dolmen-like monument at,
I.
by inlaying, I. 452 on wall-painting,
vessel
744
Eleutherna, inscription from, in. 259 Elgin, Lord, in. 2, 192, iv. 10
—
(cont.)
influence of
Elateia, matt-painted
at
Embroidery influenced
under Middle Kingdom, i. 18 meanders on seals, I. 122 J— Egypto-Minoan style of ornament, iv. 733 Eileithyia, Cave of (above Amnisos), 11. 839, 840, IV. xi; sherds from, 11. 552: and see Nekhebet El Amra, discoveries at, 11. 23
Grave
EPIC
[45]
11.
731
stirrup
11.
iv.
at,
n. 5
Entrance system, Anatolian, diffusion
of,
n. 694,
69s Envelope, clay, from Cappadocia, iv. 23 Epano Zakro, figurine from, iv. 162 Epic survivals of Minoan themes, i. 314, 693, 699, III. 125, 126, IV 513-515: and see Homer, Oedipus; Orestes, Aigisthos and
Klytemnestra Periphetes ;
EPHOROS
EWERS
[46]
Ephoros, cited by Strabo, iv. 46, 47 Epimenides of Knossos, used as source by Diodoros, iv. 959 Erech, captured by Lugal-zaggisi, 11. 264 flower-cone mosaics from, iv. 124 steatite bull-shaped rhytons from, 11. 260,
— —
Eusebius
cited,
i.
11
Eutresis, boar's tusk necklace from, iv.
quake,
II. 316 caught by sea opposite 11.86
262, 264
on Grand
St. Paul's Island,
Eretria, coins of, iv. 558, 561
his vision
Erigone, daughter of Aigisthos and Klj^em-
collection of Minoan bead-seals
26 n.
nestra, iv.
on coins
of, 11.
11.
gourd-flask prototypes of,
Eshmun, 11. 39 n. 5 Eski Samsoun (Amisos), maritime Hittite capital, iv.
Minoan type
two-stalked ivy, votive
11.
658, 659,
painted with oats,
IV.
629;
iv.
339 iv.
i.
11.
—
mark
in
of,
420 iii.
228
26
see
11.
11.
loi,
n.
iv.
at
silver,
Borras
646, 647
11.
— — borne by envoy on tomb of Senmut,
see
647, 648 by tributary
11.
halberds from,
11.
173
Eurystheus, King of Mycenae,
Knossos,
633 iv.
10
— name for Cretan Mother Goddess, 765 Greece Europe, connexion with Crete, — North, connexion with Greece, 174 at
11.
— gold, from 3rd Shaft Grave Mycenae, 127' — from Knossos, 6 56 — Marseilles, 507, 274, 277 — under Pottery — from 4th Shaft Grave Mycenae, n. 633 gold-plated, from 5th Shaft Grave,
— and Hercules,
11.
6S5
II.
3, 9,
655 Knossos,
11.
at
pottery, see
Euripus, trade-route from Asia Minor to Greece,
i.
631
636, IV. 117, 860
liparite,
Eulalia, Infanta of Spain, in bull fight,
Europa,
11.
at
Eujuk, Hittite sphinxes outside citadel gate
11.
632
from Eastern Temple Repository,
11.
167 Euroclydon,
II.
from Central Treasury
in, iv.
Euphrates,
II.
faience, Syrian prototypes of,
130, 131
— daemon Tukhulkha with adder 188 Grotta deir Oreo — hut-urns from, 130, 131
at
II.
Harbour Town, 11. 235 from Mycenae, 11. 632, 633, 646 from Palaikastro, 11. 632 n. 3 from Chieftain's Grave at Zafer Papoura,
17,
Etruria, connexions of with Anatolia, iv. 190
III.
43
llouse S.E. of S. House,
—
with Crete,
of, iv.
450
iv.
449
near Stepped Portico,
Rome
n. 5
449,
n- S
768
Etesian winds, influence of on sea-faring,
iv.
635 from Knossos, Central Treasury, 11. 655 N.W. Treasury, II. 637, 645-8, IV.
Este, clay vessel from, iv. 797 n. 3 Eteocretans, cult of Diktynna among, iv. 175 race and language of, survival of, 11. 843
84
use
Isopata,
764, 765 from, inscribed,
ram
Esquiline, see
;
outlet of
i
vegetation
^- bronze, from Byblos, 11. 655, 825 from Egypt, 11. 646 from Tomb of the Tripod Hearth
764
of pottery from,
629, 764, 765
ritual
765
765
with
301
n.
485
2, iv.
symbols, on talismanic bead-seals,
metallic origin of, iv.
associated with hounds,
III.
and signet
450
154
20,
I. 432, III. 116 n. beaked, associated
Ewers,
Erment, L.M. 16, jug from, iv. 275 n. i Eryx, Elymian Goddess of, offering of gold honeycomb, the work of Daedalos, to, iv.
IV.
Staircase,
rings,
5
Ikaros, iv. 26
870
Euxine, trade of Keftiu with, 11. 659 Evans, Sir Arthur, experiences in Candia earth-
relief of 11.
546
ill.
230
from Hellenika slope
—
II.
IV.
11.
on tomb of User-amon,
738
stone, I.
11.
from N.W. Lustral Basin
411-14, 419,
229
II.
348,
at
349,
Knossos,
697
n.
2,
:
EWERS Ewers
FAIENCE
[47]
Faience
(cont.)
— on L.M. Ill — on talismanic bead-seals, 358 447 — and Oenochoe pottery, iv.
(cont.)
colours
see
—
of charging bull on fresco relief from Knossos, III. 174 of Horus, II. 790 painted on prow of ship, I. 311 sign. Linear Script B, in name groups, IV. 713 Linear Script B, on steatite bead-seal
from Candia
835 n. 5 symbolic, I. 706, in. 69, 152 n. 2 in field of gold signet-ring with Boy-God,
—
II.
district, 11.
842
from Isopata,
signet-ring
68 on gold signet-ring from Vapheio
11.
790,
III.
II.
790
i.
IV.
941
Egyptian origin of, i. 488, 11. 23, 54 ewer, from Knossos, Central Treasury,
Temple
E.
Syria,
tories,
11.
Repository,
11.
11.
655
633
655
from Knossos, Temple Reposi-
I.
318,
II.
237, 288, 357, 744,
26 n. 3, 32, no, 177, 199, 465 S. Propylaeum, i. 632, 11. 702 fragments, from Knossos, House
Tomb,
Sacrificed Oxen,
97
III.
440,
of the
310 of the Throne,
on bronze ewer from Knossos,
'Eyes' (or loops) II.
from Tell-el-Yahudiyeh, from Tylissos, i. 482
IV.
n. 2
— on gold bands from Mochlos,
490
940
figurines,
on gold
I.
from Egypt, iv. 92 from Knossos, iv. 92, 940 from Mycenae, i. 430, 481-4, 11. 47 n. 3 from Tell-el-Amarna, 11. 47 n. 3, iv.
-•
Eye
— — —
of,
disks for inlaying,
iv.
11.
iv. 934 Room from Temple Repository, i. 498, 499 plate of cruciform sword from Mycenae,
fruit,
64s
— on L.M. lb
pottery,
11.
hilt
645
IV.
852
from Enkomi, iv. 765 by metal-work, IV. 780
horse's head cups
influenced
Fable of Wild Goat and Dog, on from Arkhanes, iv. 509
— animal,
M.M.
Ill seal
inlays, Cretan, history of,
— Egyptian, 92 — from Knossos,
oriental character of, iv. 509
I.
M.M. Room
Faience
E.M.
II,
M.M. M.M. M.M.
85
I.
L.M.
11.
cist,
88 n.
i.
of the Throne,
i, ill.
i.
485,
iv.
92,
II.
966, IV. 93
940
II,
I.
252,
II.
188 n.
Temple Repositories, i. 452, 468, 469, 471, 480-2, 498-508, 510-12, 521-3, III.
Ill,
I
452, 468, 482, 490-4, 498-508,
I.
II.
179 n.
9, 188,
476,
409
1013, 1014
E. Treasury, in. 399, 405, 409
I, IV.
W.
— — from
534, 535 I.
Crete,
E.M.
M.M.
II,
11. I.
Ill,
I.
490-4
i. i.
490-4,
11.
179 n. 9
492
bead-seals from Melos,
iv. 445 'blossom-bowl' from Knossos, House of the
Sacrificed Oxen,
11.
Magazines,
I.
318
Vat Room Deposit, i. 487, 11. 666, iv. 93 from Mycenae, i. 430, 481-4, II. 47 n. 3 from Phaestos, 11. 731 from Tell-el-Amarna, iv. 940, 941 from Tell-el-Yahudiyeh, I v. 941 from Tylissos, i. 482 invention of, by Tehenu of Delta, 11. 53, 54 knots, I. 47 n. 3, 440, 483, 11. 284 from 4th Shaft Grave, Mycenae, i. 430,
— — — — —
179 85
— from Knossos, — from Mycenae,
310
head from E. Treasury, iii. 434 from Temple Repository, i. 499,
chalice
408
452
487,
489, 490 beads, from Almeria, I. 492 from Britain, I. 23
188
516,
Ill floor
I.
analysis of,
bull's
732
la,
510-12, 521-3, 553, IV.
II.
11.
li.
—
431. 483 manufacture of, at Knossos, i. 488-90 mouthpiece of ostrich-egg rhyton from Mycenae, i. 594, 11. 224 of rhyton from Ashur, iv. 779, 780
—
:
•
FAIENCE Faience
Fig-trees, sacred character of, in Crete,
(cont.)
from tomb at Abydos, 11. 210 ornament from Tiryns, 11. 202 n. 3 panel of marine ornament from Knossos, 128 pendant from Knossos, I. 499, ram's head cup from Enkomi, 521,
reliefs
FIGURINES
[48]
objects
I.
II.
—
in
11.
IV.
from Temple Repositories,
552 rhyton from Ashur, robes, votive,
iv.
from Knossos,
i.
11.
288, 360,
11.
Temple
spray from
498 498, 499,
I.
249, 301-14, 355, 488, 11. 188, 370, 607, 754, III. 7, 85, 87, 162, 342, IV. I.
210
— from Mycenae, woman's
11.
worn by Roman
Charioteers,
ill.
229
Fence sign in Linear Script B,
iv. 685 use of in reconstruction of Palace at Knossos, 11. 350, 352, ill. 288, IV. 2 Festoons in Minoan shrines, I. 445 in E.M. Ill ornament, I. 112
Ferro-concrete,
see
Bead-festoons
Palace,
of natural stone,
from
342, 520 Fibulae, associated with stirrup vases,
Little
11.
11.
136
— Boeotian 138 — Dipylon 138 — from Muliana, 376 — from Chamber tombs Karakovilia, 138 — Syro-Anatolian 2 257 2 from Bethshemesh, 257 — T-shaped, S.E. European, with type,
type,
11.
11.
high-stilted,
iv.
at
11.
triangular^type, 11.
11.
n.
n.
associated
hut-urns,
11.
132 n. 3
Fig-branch sign in hieroglyphic script, i. 280 Fig-leaves, gold foil, on coffin from 3rd Shaft
Grave
at
255,
Malta,
II.
on stone
reliefs in
188
Figurines
from i.
tholos
ossuary
Hagia
at
83,
— 32 bronze, of acrobat and M.M. 650 — of youthful male adorant (perhaps BoyGod), Harbour Town, 234, 235 — of Snake Goddess 507, 508, 176-8 — of 651 — of Resheph, from Lebanon, 478 II.
Ill,
II.
(Berlin)
i.
II.
bulls,
II.
III.
395
Fetish figure,
11.
11.
11.
II.
257
258
bull,
84-6 Falcon, Egyptian cult of, 11. 28 n. 5 Family, head of, importance of in Minoan times,
11.
84 from tholoi of Mesara,
741, iv. 690 head cup, from Assur, iv. 771
Fair Havens,
— — and
257
Triada,
in,
—
Fasciae
li.
alabaster,
with Minet-el-Beida, IV. 771 vessels, for worship of Hathor, 11. 57 from Knossos, i. 252, 11. 824, iii. 277 trade
painted stone, terra-cotta,
Figures, female steatopygous,
1013, 1014
Town-Mosaic,
11.
from Mochlos, 11. 258 alabaster, 11. 258 calcite, 11. 255, 256
138 iv.
615 615
256
435, 498, 506,
Repository,
615
11.
11.
from Byblos, 11. 258 from Egypt, II. 255, 256 from Harbour Town of Knossos,
II.
— Syro-Hittite, from Vari,
11.
— on gold signet-ring from Knossos, — on rhyton from Knossos, Figure vessels from Bethshemesh,
476 765
534, 535
469, 476, IV. 718 seals from Karakovilia,
Rome,
11.
615 616
11.
steatite
III.
453,
in Greece,
IV.
IV.
:
Mycenae,
11.
615
from Mycenae, ill. 477 from Patso, ill. 477 from Tiryns, ill. 477 of Teshub, in. 478 n. 6 from Latakieh, in. 478 n. 6 of votaries of Minoan Goddess from Crete, in. 460, 461, iv. 38 from Knossos, S. Propylaeum, n. 702 of adult male adorant, perhaps from Harbour Town, iv. 198, 199 from Phaestos, in. 461 from Tyhssos, n. 47 n. 4, in. 450
— —
—
chryselephantine, see Ivory clay, see Terra-cotta diorite, of
User, from Knossos,
n. 60, 219, 220, 801, faience, II.
from Knossos,
S.
i.
18,
286-90,
III. 5, IV.
985 Propylaeum, i. 632,
702
Temple Repositories, i. 501 seqq. (Snake Goddess and Votaries), in. 440, IV. 26 n. 3, 176, 177, 199, 465 granite, from Adana, 11. 220
FIGURINES Figurines
Figurines, steatopygous (cont.)
from ivory deposit from
ivory, of acrobats,
Domestic Quarter 650,
III.
Knossos,
at
428, 436, 437,
11.
358,
31
IV.
— of Boy-God, probably companion piece chryselephantine novsf in
IV.
of
Goddess 143, 443,
from
attire,
467-73
— of children from — of Minoan Goddess,
Palaikastro,
ill.
446
;
Anatolian,
iv.
size of, IV.
of,
IV.
terra-cotta,
427
from Knossos, Neolithic,
23, 24, 29, 34,
11.
13, 129, IV.
from Kalathiana, 11. 80 from Naqada, 11. 32 lead, of Goddess, from Knossos, li. 540 of pugilist, from Kampos, iii. 461 n. 7 limestone, of Goddess, from Knossos, 11. 32,
E.M.,
near
in.
harpist,
4.0,
IV.
no
silver, of bull,
Petsofa,
835
represented borne by
IV.
Triada,
i.
83,
84
tholoi
steatopygous,
11.
in.
distribution of,
426 i.
20,
I.
n.
14, 64, iv.
n. 3,
i.
il.
32,
35, iv.
37,
in.
521,
no
— — male, from Knossos,
11.
339, iv. 139,
11.
72, 73,
439
n. 2,
841 n. 5
late shrine of
Double
Axes, n. 336, 337
45-7,
house under Kouloura of W. Court, IV.
i
II.
i.
i,
from Knossos, late Shrine of the Double Axes, n. 336, 337, iv. 429 from Mavro Spelio, in. 469, 470 from Prinia, iv. 139 from rustic shrines, iv. 410 lyre-player and dancers, from of
Anatolia, iv. Asia, iv.
151-3, n. 33, 237 n.
143
49-52, 161, n. 12, 13
— from 427 — from 428 — from — from Cyclades, 429 — from Malta, 22 n. 190 — from Naqada, 190 Crete,
I.
Palaikastro,
32
amphitheatre, in. 452,
Prinia, iv. 161
—
— from of Mesara, — of woman from Tylissos,
Roman
— of Goddess, from Gournia,
Minoan
envoy on tomb of User-amon, 11. 648, 738 of Resheph, Minoan and Mycenaean examples of, in. 466 from Nezero, in. 477 steatite, from tholos ossuary at Hagia
115 of Double Axes, n. 336,
439. 450, IV. 162 from Phaestos, Neolithic,
11.
I. 20, 115, 11. 44 n. 2 from Mesara, 11. 32, 193 of woman from Central Crete, 11. 46,
I.
Harbour Town, iv. 197 from Kumasa, n. 33 from Mavro Spelio, n. 556
in. 199, iv. 32, 35, 193
flute-player,
43-7, n. 12,
i.
429
4S3
518, IV. 35, 193, 194, 199 Minoan Goddess, in Fitzwilliam
Museum,
2
339. 342
marble, of
— of from Keros, — of from Thera, 835 — primitive Cycladic,
n.
late shrine
—
shell,
I.
Egyptian i8th Dynasty, in. 519 from Gournia, iv. i6i
781
III.
50,
— from 447 S.E. Spain, n. 180 — proto-Libyan, 219 adorant, 13 — female, from Asine, 755, 756
427
from Hierakonpolis,
I.
Little
IV.
31,34, 36, 37, 38, 472 i"\j.
I, i.
III.
chryselephantine,
now in Boston Museum, ill. 438-42, 455, IV. 28, 38, 40 now in Toronto Museum,
— primitive Aegean,
i.
fetish
471
another with gold-plated S. Crete, iv.
— from Phaestos,
— from Spain, n. 18037 — from Sparta, 429 stone, E.M. 64 — 194 — extended type, evolution 51 — Palace, n. 342, 520 type, from — from Harbour Town, n. 235 — from tholos ossuaries of Mesara, n. 193, iv.
to
ill.
figurine
Boston Museum,
452, 454-6,
IV. 28,
FILTER
[49]
(cottt.)
427, 429
67
from Petsofa, I. 151-3 from Tylissos, i. 633, 636, in. 461, 462 from Zygouries, in. 470 n. 6 of ox, from Knossos, iv. 3 Filter, type of from Harageh, n. 213
—
FINALBORGO
FLYING-FISH
[so]
Finalborgo, rock sculptures near, Finalese Cave, clay figures from,
ii.
Flock sign in Linear Script B, IV. 687 Flocks and herds in Linear Script B tablets,
170 n. 4
21 n. 2
i.
from Crete, 11. 248 Knossos at end of L.M.
Fir, possible export of
Fire, evidence of at IV.
II,
943
"I- 347 Firth, Mr. C.
M., on tomb
at
Sakkara,
11.
n- S
Fish, bone, with signs and numbers,
from E.
Treasury at Knossos, iii. 405-9 cult use of, I. 635 as food in Minoan Crete, i. 555, 677
^ — — ensigns, Cycladic, Egyptian,
Flowers,
Ill, at
i.
at
M.M.
I,
Ill,
Melian,
I.
ill.
i.
— on and 120, 123 673> 677> 446, 491. S4i 453. — on votive from Psychro, 633 — and Flying Fish, Skaros, Tunny seals
sealings,
tablet
on M.M. Ill
— on
seal
IV.
fresco
Ill,
i.
555, 677,
500
Mr. G. M., on excavations at Beth167 nn. 3 and 4 discovery of Flaceliere, Monsieur Robert, cupped table at Mallia by, iii. 392 Flask, from Abydos, ostrich egg, 11. 222 Fitzgerald,
IV.
tin, II.
179
— from Knossos, M.M. 179 — from Phylakopi, Middle Cycladic, — from Troy, 179 — from Yortan, 179 II, 11.
11.
179
II,
i.
243, 244, 247,
261,
II. 495 connexion of with Three Palms motive,
II-
495
Flint arrow-heads. Neolithic,
—
222 knife,
from Sahara,
11.
from Gebel-el-'Arak,
11. 27 resemblance of to
trapezoid,
arrow-heads,
11.
49
n.
7
I, I.
M.M. II, I. 256-70, IV. 124-6, 132 M.M. III6-L.M. la, 11. 472, iv. 260 la,
see
I. I.
269,
II.
loi,
469
697
'Blossom-bowls', Naturalism
on fresco fragments from Threshing- Floor Deposit, iii. 39 bone, from Mycenae, in. 39 played to accompany ecstatic dances, in. 69
Flutes, in embroidery design
— —
sacrifices, in.
139 marriage dances, in. 39, 40 Flute-player, dress of, iv. 403 Cycladic marble image of from Keros, in. 40 on Hagia Triada sarcophagus, iv. 42 Fluting, of wooden columns, I. 344, n. 520, 521 of gold goblet from Mycenae, iv. 122
— — — — of rhyton from Knossos,
11.
822
from Knossos,
i.
521, n.
453, ni. 128
— Mediterranean, hands — Minoan fondness
in.
128,
129, Fig. 83, in
fisher's
-^ on
fresco
n. 453,
n. 5
— implements,
in-
see
I.
Flying-fish, faience,
11.
M.M.
I.
II.
Flying-bird sign, see under Bird
11.
Fleur-de-lys pattern,
inlays,
sealings,
from Phylakopi,
from Knossos, M.M.
Shan,
Ill,
la,
L.M.
40
III.
frescoes,
— on — and
i.
see
Fishing,
la, iv.
n. 4, 272,
i.
iv-
II-
423,
I.
385
iii.
IV.
— in goldwork, M.M. 75 L.M., 269 — on M.M. 537-9, n. 378, 391 L.M. 114, 447, 454-9, 464, 465 — Disks for 471, 472, 474: and laying — on M.M. 182-5 pottery,
607
598,
i.
496, 498, 499, 500,
I.
1013, 1014
— fresco M.M. Knossos, — gold, from E. Treasury Knossos,346 404, 411 — on M.M. 182 pottery,
Minoan cultivation of, in. 278, iv. 1002 from Temple Repositories at
faience,
Knossos,
242 242
247
of,
'
11.
26,
11.
Flounced object in Minoan cult, I. 434, 435 Flounces sign, on Linear Script A tablet from Hagia Triada, 11. 249 Flower-cones, Sumerian, iv. 124-6 from Ur, iv. 423 Minoan parallels with, iv. 124-6
—
on ship on pyxis from Messenian Pylos, II.
Pavement
Floor, see
Floor-cists, see Cists
Fire-box, clay, from Hall of the Double Axes,
497
iv.
710
III.
307
i.
522, 536, 542-4,
678, iv. 494
inlaid dagger-blade
127, 128
i.
128, 378
— on Minoan gems,
— on
for, 11.
from Phylakopi,
from Vapheio,
III.
1
:
FLYING GALLOP Flying gallop in Minoan
art, I. 558, 711, 713-20 Linear Script A, iv. 689. in Linear Script A, coupled with horned helmet sign, iv. 689
Fodder
sign, in
in Linear Script B, iv. 801, 802, 806
— — in Linear Script B, associated with horse —
802
sign, IV. 801,
— in Linear Script B, associated with
Court,
IV.
and ideo-
Fraxinella ('Burning bush'), confusion of with dittany,
from basement of Central
on
Room
fish as,
of
935, 936 barley-corns as, iv. 622
as, iv. 1
—
621
on teeth of skeleton iv.
loio n.
ill. 452, 453 mason's mark at Knossos,
Forsdyke, Mr. E.
J., 11.
discoveries at
470,
290
192, iv. 144 n. 6
Mavro
Spelio,
11.
555 n.
i,
IV.
iv.
on pottery from Kahun, 11. 211 from near Pyramids, 11. 210 on sculpture from Atreus Tomb Mycenae, iii. 193 n. 3 Fortifications at Knossos, of
M.M. I date,
11.
of fortificatory character, iv. 77, 78
— Chalandriane, 6 — on road over Lasithi range, — of harbour Pharos, 295 — Andreas, 156 at
i.
156,
i
see
at
i.
i.
Mr. Noel Heaton's
11.
1.
460
of, iv.
922, 924
of, 11. 706,
730
of,
i.
of, 11.
452
536-8
but true fresco process,
I.
damaged by earthquake of 1926, dating of,
I.
— on L.M. — on
on
pottery,
seals,
11.
317
536-8, in. 32
I, I.
inlaying, in. 117, 118
M.M.
Ill, I. 554, 603-9 n. 428, 468-512 675-8, 687-92, III. 146, 156,
186, 220, 313, 314, IV. 512, 518, 615, 949 stylized vegetation on, n. 452, 456, iv. 343,
at
Cretan Frescoes, i. 541, n. 166, iv. 399, 880 in cemetery at Beni Hassan, n. 40, iii in tomb of Kenamon at Thebes, 11. 448 of Rekhmara, n. 166, 226, 534, 728, IV.
329, 653 of Senmut at Thebes, n. 166, 425, 627, 648, 727, IV. 262, 266, 464, 749 n. 3,
880
iii.
11.
at St.
:
—
134 372 early Keep, I. 134-8 on Town Mosaic, i. 302, 307, 11. 372 discovery of new Western Enceinte Wall
•
n.
541, 1004 textile types on, n. 114 Egyptian wall-paintings, association of with
154 n. 2
seqq.,
478
i. 533, 534 783, in. 517
stratigraphic evidence,
influence of,
11.
246 on household snake at Kalinovo,
III.
n. 5,
532
amphitheatre, sign, as
of,
scenery favourite subject
728
11.
c. 16 inches high, stratum near Roman
Ilfl
11.
unique features
i
terra-cotta figurine,
M.M.
relief in,
rock borders
from Temple Tomb,
Fork
476
I.
reproductions
Foot, of ivory figurine from Knossos,
from
beliefs concern-
151 n. 4
III.
hair-offerings, IV.
proportions of,
10
effect of 'hard tack'
— of
4 on Burmese
pure lime material
low
595, 621
I.
as, iv.
n.
532 pigments used in,
sss, 677 octopus as, IV. 65
peas
70
Frescoes (described and classified: A. E.
analysis,
iv.
iv.
4
too Reliefs of painted Stucco)
from passage to ante-room of Food, Minoan, beans as,
11.
n.
ing butterflies,
936
the Throne,
79
i.
Frazer, Sir James,
936
IV.
i
Franchet, Monsieur, on technique of mottled
gypsum, in basement of Central
Dolium
II. 460, 461, III. 254 Fraktin, Hittite relief from, iv. 410 n.
802
of, IV.
alabaster,
Court,
religion, in. 466 Fountain on fresco from House of the Frescoes,
cuirass
Foliate ornament, see Leaves
— purple
see Siege-Scenes Foster parents of divine children, in Greek
ware,
in Linear Script B, phonetic
Font,
Fortifications (cont.)
— and
806
sign, IV. 802,
graphic use
FRESCOES
[Si]
78
n. 3
of User-amon, iv. 44, 648 from Tell-el-Amarna wall and pave-
ment,
III.
168, IV.
748
4
FRESCOES Frescoes
Frescoes, Chronological Place,
(cont.)
Chronological Place of Frescoes: E.M. II origin of (surface wash of deep red),
M.M.
Gatherer' ascribed
266, 520 n.
I,
604,
II.
11.
to,
199 265,
I.
n. 2, 354, 452,
317
469, 728, III. I, 21, 22, IV. 718, 895 M.M. Ila Nature-printed with sponges
N.W.
(from
Portico),
— Influence of
iii.
361, iv. 109
similar printing
Polychrome pottery, ill. 361, Illfl marbled dado, i. 356,
356, ly. 893, (or
— labyrinth 894 maze — band from area
109
IV. 11.
355,
II. 356-8 above Loom-
pattern),
spiral
Basement (in M.M. Ilia medium), I. 249, 323, 371-4 suggested diagonal arrangement
weight
—
of,
I.
372-4, 377
spiral frieze
beneath
'Medallion' Pithoi,
M.M.
Illb
Megaron),
—
M.M.
from
pavement, i.
Dolphin
Ilia stratum
Magazine of the Fresco
(Queen's
i.
i.
544-7 patterns of their robes,
734
—
n-
toilette
scenes in style of 'Ladies in
W.
II.
Entrance Passage,
680-2 influence of
on gem- type,
518
iv.
influence of their bead festoons
— Mag. XIII, 443, 447, 527, 528 — shrine with double axes (same 160 — crowds of 443, of Miniamen, pillar
11.
anticipation
—
lily
sprays,
(Coloured
— —
PI.
S.W.
i.
527, 528
House,
536-8
i.
VI)
spikelets of reeds,
S.W. House,
i.
cat stalking pheasant, fragments
N. Border, i. 538-41, iii. 114 from Hagia Triada, I. 538-41, 114 Jewel Fresco (partly
537-9
from
11.
354,
III.
—
relief), I.
iv.
flying-fish
Knossian artist, iii. 131 n. 3, 132 Miniature class, I. 28, 42, 221, 342, 527, 535. 536, 547-9. II- 160, 354, 358, 566, 585. 603, 742, 803, III. 2, 16 n. 3, 23, 308, 42. 44. 46-65, 66, 81-106, 130, 146, 208, 297, 396, 403, 433, IV. 20, 224, 841,
880
525, 526,
n.
I
fragment showing part of Miniature columnar structure under base-slab of the later West Facade of Central Court,
M.M. III.
III& date of,
iii.
31, 34, 35
Temple and Grand Stand, 11. 585, 46-65 (Coloured PI. XVI, opp. p. 47)
Sacred Grove and Dance, in. 66-74 (Coloured PI. XVIII, opp. p. 67) Siege Scenes, in. 81-8 Bull-catching scene on crystal plaque,
108-11
Theatral Sport on fragments from Deposit of Ivories, in. 207, 209 a kind of pictorial shorthand, due •
•
to necessary rapidity of fresco process,
i.
528 fully
developed by
paralleled with
M.M.
116, in.
Ring of Nestor,
146, 949 translation of into
I.
ture style (same Kasella),
S.
I.
i.
on vase painting (L.M. lb and L.M. Ic), 284-8 bull's head from between Kasella floors,
1.
III. 15,8,
S.
IV.
Kasella),
foliage (slightly II.
III.
Blue' from earlier
485, IV. 6, 285,
olive
730-2,
11.
M.M. Illb {cont.)
— and bossed) 166-70 from N. Portico, 474, — sprays from basement of Portico and House, 426, 536 — marbled dado, 356, 895, 896 — stooping lady from Phylakopi, Melos, by Knossian 544-7 — panel from Phylakopi, by
374, 375
330, 542-6, in. 377-9 'Ladies in Blue' from Great E. Hall,
III.
artist, I.
M.M.
on
M.M.
682, 817, 818,
«ii.
olive-tree
72 fragment of from Knossos,
I.
I
— 'Saffron
II
FRESCOES
[52]
34 in.
'_
Ring design
as a
Miniature fresco panel, in. 156, 157 Transitional M.M. III6-L.M. la: House of the Frescoes. Evidence of
—
(bridge-spouted vase with light on brown pattern and painted clay tumbler M.M. lb otherwise earliest
earliest floor level
L.M. L.M. la,
II.
M.M.
III6-
la phase, n, 435-7. Latest style not later than
L.M.
la) to transitional
450, 451 (Fig. 264) 'Blue bird' (Roller) panel with
rocks and flowers, n. 454
FRESCOES Frescoes,
FRESCOES
[S3]
Chronological
Place,
Transitional
Frescoes, Chronological Place,
M.M.
III6-L.M. la (cont.) panels showing marked Egyptian influence, ii. 447-51 (blue monkeys, papyrus thicket, 'desert belt') plant types and flowers, u. 455-9 (Coloured PI. XI) Jet of Fountain,
— Partridge Frieze
11.
460-1,
(11,
L.M. la, L.M. la:
II.
—
L.M. la •
Illi-
lb
and L.M. II conventional
on
vases,
la sealing,
i.
on
influence of
iii.
302,
786,
881
336, 337,
304-14, IV. 6, 341, 735, (Coloured Plate XXIII)
'Cup-bearer' fresco, I. 8, 550, 11. 337, 353, 684, 704-12 (Coloured PI. XII, opp. p. 707),
pottery,
iii.
309-
725-6
extension of processional scenes to
881
— Camp-stool
:
tuary,
•
—
XV)
Spiraliform Friezes of,
iii.
of on pottery,
308-13, 381
L.M.
;
L.M.
L.M.
la,
II, IV. 303, 339,
Palace),
I.
424,11. 178, 452, 683, 684, 708,
718 and Coloured 297, IV. 399, 880
PI.
XII, 719, 757,
ill.
system related to parallel friezes of Ill's time (first half of 15th
cent. B.C.),
II.
figures,
Parallel
11.
relief
in
W.
to, iv.
bull's
Ante-
chamber to Room of Throne, iv. 893 'The Captain of the Blacks' (found at a higher level H. of Frescoes), 11. 755-7 and Coloured PI. XIII, opp. p. 756,
—
•
— —
•
with
early in
211
719-48
— in processional female Kadmeion, Thebes, 748, 750 — Priest-king (combined
it
— Upper layer of Cowboy fresco Porch referred 894, 895 — foot from similar scenes,
— Processional Friezes of S.W. Entrance Thothmes
reasons for placing
lb, IV.
intarsia work of borders in some of the Taureador frescoes of latest palatial Age allied to this style, ill.
lb:
—
L.M.
— imitation
III.
341
identical 'buds' on border bands of Knossian and Tiryns Friezes, IV. 877 (cf. Egyptian lotus designs) Procession Fresco (ascribed to L.M. lb
from N.W. Sanc-
605, IV. 359, 365, 379-96, 882
PL XXI) L.M. II:
380-4; and
4- 333-8
— influence
fresco
iv.
396 finest of the Taureador frescoes probably of this Period, III. 211 (Coloured
369-73 (Coloured
iii.
II.
E. Quarters of Palace,
(Coloured PI. XVI, after p. 384)
892, 893
IV.
11.
figures
41
N.W. and
PI.
compared with L.M.
718-36 showing tributebearers from Keftiu on Egyptian tombs of Thothmes Ill's time (Senmut, Useramon, Puemra and Rekhmara), ir. 736-
supply model for Tiryns fresco (on smaller scale Malachite introduced), III. 304-6 Linear Script A on, 11. 440-2 Taureador Frescoes (largely included
in). III.
786, 787, iv. 323, 324
788, 789 painted stucco remains in and near Cor-
13
— — 209-24, — Dancing Lady,
i.
11.
similar
;
•
—
L.M.
ridor of Procession,
11.
;
Frescoes,
786, 787 on, anticipation of
Iris
flowers
—
770-3 found with L.M. la seal-impression, 11. 767 its longrobed priestly figures, iv. 398-401 Reeds, swallow, and banded pebble, S.W. House, II. 378, 379
— Shield
11.
butterfly on,
126
— Palanquin Fresco,
—
vases,
— stylized
m. 254
M.M.
lb {cont.)
flat), I.
Frontispiece, ji. Pt. 2), iv. 6, 323, 400 lilies on, compared with those of
Frontispiece)
date Transitional
L.M.
772-90, 11. 353, 427, 644, 685, 774-95 (Coloured PI.
in Stepped Pavilion of
Caravanserai, II. 108-16 its
painting on the
IV.
886-8
imitations of marble blocks on dadoes beside Throne, iv. 895, 908 and Coloured PI. XXXII, opp. p. 910 compared with those of Mycenae and Tiryns, iv. 895 late
1
FRESCOES L.M.
Frescoes, Chronological Place,
II (cont.)
— Argonaut with reed background, from Upper
Corridor, Domestic Quarter,
iv.
889-92 colour scheme of,
•
—
iv.
889 (Suppl.
LXIV)
PI.
Room
Griffin fresco.
908-15 (Coloured
of the Throne, iv.
PI.
XXXII,
opp. p.
910)
waved
sections of background, con-
ventionalized version of rocky landscape,
908-1
IV.
flowering reeds and marbled dado, compared with Argonaut frieze, iv. 210,
211
— — colour scheme and bands
of, iv.
•
910-
13
hatched shading on lower contours first attempt at Chiaroscuro,
of Griffin, IV.
FRESCOES
[54]
912, 913 striated foliage of
background
antici-
pated on M.M. III6 faience plant, iv. 1013; suggested by Palm leaves, as on
M.M. Ilfl vases, iv. L.M.
of
1013
II frescoes, copied
on
'Palace Style' vases, IV. 1013
coloured version of sprays on cere-
monial incense burner from Temple Tomb, IV. 1012 (Coloured PI. XXXV) taken over on coloured pottery from Akhenaten's Palace, Tell-el-
Amarna,
iv. 1013 taken over on late wall-paintings
at Mycenae, iv. 1012 (Suppl. Subjects of Frescoes, Minoan: Blue Bird, 11. 454, 469, in. 90 Boxer, in. 498, 500, 502, 516
bull-sports,
PI.
LXVI)
Frescoes, Subjects of:
Minoan
11.
griffins, in.
510, 513, 517 horse's head, iv. 799, 829
horses and grooms, iv. 830 hunting scenes, in. 123, 196, 519, 580,825,829 ladies, 11. 602, 730, 749, iii. 60
473, 749, ni. 130 Linear Script B, n. 440-3 marine subjects, n. 507, iv. 306 Blue Monkeys, n. 361, 447, 450, in. 115 myrtle sprays, n. 457, 620 lilies, II.
omphalos, 11. 840 papyrus pattern, in. 371, 372 Partridge Frieze,
11.
no,
IV. 6, 323, 400 Procession, I. 424, n. 178, 452, 683, 684, 708, 710, 719-57, in. 297, IV. 399, 786, 880, 933
rock work, n. 730 rocky landscapes, n. 450-4 rosettes, n. 592 n. 4, iv. 227, 339, 877 sacral ivy, n. 466, 478 sacral knot,
reeds,
shields,
11.
i.
284
391, 450, iv. 891 336, 337, in. 295, 298, 302, 304-
426,
i.
14,383,1V.
11.
6,
341,786, 881,933
336, 337, in. 281, 294, 378, 381-3, 387, 517, IV. 6, 205, 339 sponges, III. 364 spirals,
1.
525. IV.
vetches, n. 454, 469
44
cattle scenes, iv.
11.
354, in. 114
11.
Cup-bearer,
8,
458, 459, in. 363 550,' n. 337, 353, 684,
704-12, IV. 3,6 Dancing Lady, I.
8, 550, III. 70, 71, 370,
Double Axe, 128,378
violet, II.
window
i.
11.
602, in. 60, iv. 348
522, 536, 542-4,
464
11.
453, in.
scenes,
I.
444, 445, n. 377, 409,
in. 60, IV. 875 wrestlers, in. 498
Subjects:
animal
371,1V. 6 flying-fish,
triglyphs, iv. 228
warriors, in. 36, 87
565
crocus clumps, i.
11.
40
620
trees,
539-41,
114, 116, 449 n. i,
452, 457, 460, 728, 730, in. 211, IV. 6 Priest-king, n. 353, 427, 644, 685, 774-95,
366, 394, 445, 447, 571, II. 356, 485. 782, III. 209-32, 307, 331, 495i.
iv. 574,
stag hunt, in. 123, iv. 580, 825 swallows on robe, n. 307 n. i, 766, in.
I.
Cat and Pheasant,
(cont.)
460, 461, in. 254 Genii with carrying pole, iv. 441, 442 God, descending, n. 136
fountain,
Mainland and Cyclades: drinking
from
conical
(Tiryns), n. 769 arm holding flower (Mycenae),
11.
rh5rton
750
balcony scene (Mycenae), n. 602, in. 60
FRESCOES Frescoes,
Mainland and Cyclades
Subjects:
(cont.)
208
ill.
IV. 44.
45 Double- Axe,
11.
603,
ill.
flying-fish (Phylakopi),
60, iv. 348 ill.
in.
*
iv.
332
441, 442
— N.W.
830 hunting scenes (Tiryns),
123, 196, 519,
ill.
60
shields (Tiryns), iii. 295, 304-6, iv. 786, 933
— — dependent on Knossian
tradition,
iii.
IV. 786 hunt (Tiryns), ill. 123, iv.'58o, 825 swallows on robe (Phylakopi), 11. 307 n. i, 766,111.40,44 trees (Tiryns), 11. 620, iv. 824 triglyphs (Orchomenos), iv. 228
304-6,
stag
ill.
36, 87
scenes (Mycenae),
377, 409,
III.
i.
444, 445,
11.
60, IV. 875
Knossos Palace, Earlier Entrance Passage from W. Porch, 11. 676, 680 161 n.
I,
Procession,,
i.
333, 683, 684,719-57,
424, III.
11.
485,
880 S. Propylaeum, i. 8, 550, 11. 337, 353, 684,704-12, IV. 3,6 S.-N. Corridor, 11. 644, 685, 774-95, iv. IV. 399,
— — 6,323 — Grand 302, 304-14, 383, 341, 786, 881 — under S.E. 413 — Corridor of Painted Pithos, 383, 387 — Court of the Stone Spout, 209-32 — Room of the Stone Bench, 297 — Room of the Clay Signet, 224 — borders of East Hall, 356, 485, 782, Staircase,
iii.
IV. 6,
Staircase,
iii.
in.
in.
iii.
i.
11.
III.
215, 216, 495-525
IV.
6
— Domestic Quarter, 44, 294, 297.403.433.1^.20,877 — Spiral Fresco 323, 333, 351, 370-6,411,111.25 — ante-room of Room of the Throne, 676, 309, 893, 904 — Roomof the Throne, 1.382,11. 114, 116, III.
area,
31, 34,
i.
11.
IV.
353 n.
I,
785,
III.
510, 513, IV. 650, 749,
891,892,908,910,912,913
— of Central Court, 803, 804, 16 20 34, — N.W. 30-3, 42, 46-59, 106, 130 — from 13th Magazine, 479, 480, n. 209, 224 599. 604, — S.E. Angle, 124 — E. Border, 896 — W. Border, n. 742 — N. Border, n. 603 — N.W. Borders, 294, 875-6 — W. Porch, 674, 676, 893, 894 — N.W. Treasure House, n. 620 — House of the Frescoes, n. 114, 116, 361, vicinity
III.
11.
n. 3, 33, IV. insula, in. 2, 23,
37, 38,
I.
III.
Localities of Frescoes:
— Corridor of the
70, 71, 208, 281, 370-2, 377,
III.
378, 381-3, 507,
and palmette patterns (Tiryns), iii. 371, 372, IV. 874-876 buds, Egyptian type of, found alike at Knossos and Tiryns, iv. 877
warriors,
i.
550,
lotus
II.
I.
IV.
III.
III.
605, iv. 359,
— Early Tri-Columnar Hall, 525-6, 682, 817, 818, 285 485, — Queen's Megaron, 330, 522, 543, 544, '
829
602, 730, 749,
11.
11.
365. 387. 396, 882
IV.
IV. 574, 580, 825,
Sanctuary Hall,
•
horses and grooms (Mycenae and Tiryns),
window
— Hall of the Double Axes, 283, 324, 372 —343. Light- well of Hall of the Double Axes, HI. 294,307, 331 — Upper Hall of the Double Axes, 889 — under Hall of the Double Axes, 331, iv.
536, 542-4,
I.
128, 378 Genii with carrying pole, God, descending, 11. 136 horse's head, iv. 799, 829
—
Frescoes, Localities of, Knossos Palace (cont.) 11.
boar-hunt (Tiryns), iv. 574 bull and female acrobat (Tiryns),
ladies,
FRESCOES
[55]
33, 61, 62, in.
IV.
iv.
in.
iv.
IV.
II.
440-69, 507, 733, 755, 756, in. 90, 115, 211, 254, 359, 363, 364, IV. 260, 306, 396, 886, 887
— High Priest's House, 205 — Pavilion of Caravanserai, n. iv.
70,
107,
no,
114, 116, 449 n. I, 452, 457, 460, 728, 730, III. 211, IV. 6 109,
— House, n. 373, 378, 449 — House of the Oxen, 310 — E. Slope, 840 n.
S.
Sacrified
II.
i
in. 189,
:
FRESCOES
GATE
[S6]
Fyfe, Prof. Theodore, plans, sections,
Frescoes, Localities of (cont.)
Elsewhere in Crete from Hagia Triada,
— 604, 605, 732, 733> 836 — and Hagia Triada, sarcophagus from — from Niru Khani, 284 — from Phaestos, 185 — from Tylissos, 36, 88 11.
i.
I.
606
see
11.
and eleva-
229, 324, 326, 373, 406-10, II. 158 n. 3, 710, 814, III. 241, IV. 906-8 on triglyph and half-rosette band, 11. 605,
tions by,
Fylfot in
Minoan ornament,
i.
358,
11.
197
ill.
III.
35,
Mainland and Cyclades,
i. 24n. i, 444, 445. "• 377. 409. 452 n. i, 599, 602, 730, 750, III. 36, 60, 84, 136, 207, 208, IV. 20,
— — from
Orchomenos,
•
I.
Galena, argentiferous, workings of in Troad,
128,
II.
748, 749 (Processional lady)
from Thera, 11. 473 from Tiryns, 11. 592
n.
4,
(half
rosette) 730, (processional ladies) n. 3, (rhyton &c.) 769, (stag-hunt)
750 ill.
123, 196, (bull-grappling) 208, (shield fresco) 304-6, (papyrus frieze) 371, 372,
580, 786, 82s, 829, 874-6, 933
IV. 44, 574,
and width of, II. 460 from Tiryns, Queen's Megaron,
Friezes, position alabaster, IV.
227, 228
Men's
Hall, iv. 897
— border mouldings 596 — frescoed, under Frescoes — from Menidi, 343 of, 11.
i.
from Mycenae,
11.
591 n. 3
— limestone, from Knossos, IV.
11.
162, 163, 590,
223, 225
from Mycenae,
11.
at
II.
Fruit,
—
iv.
432
portals,
11.
592
friezes
see
Frit, glazed,
segmented beads of from Ashur,
179 n. II I.
Games, bone fish and II.
bracelets perhaps used in,
409
— bowl, Egyptian, 393, 394 — possibly held Inner Court of Temple Tomb Knossos, 1000, looi — of Minoan Goddess 24 — pavement, Crete, 390, 392, 394, 395, iii.
in
funeral,
at
iv.
interest
in, iv.
in
in.
396, 446 at Rome, in. 395 Gaming-boards, see Draught-boards Gardens, on frescoes from Amnisos, iv. 1002 Minoan flower, in. 278, iv. 1002 Garden sign, in Linear Script B, coupled with saff^ron sign, iv. 720 Gardner, Prof. E. A., on ivory figure of Snake Goddess in Boston Museum, in. 442 n. i Prof. Percy, on relation between shaft graves and tholoi at Mycenae, iv. 240 Garstang, Prof. J., on objects from Abydos, i. 268, II. 210, 222 n. I Gate, city, on silver rhyton from Mycenae, in.
92
from Temple Repository
faience,
Knossos,
from
GalUpot, late predynastic alabaster, Knossos, IV. 123 Galopetra, see Milk-stones Gambara, bronze halbert from, 11. 172
—
695
— of AssUr-nazir-pal Nineveh, — connexion of with — and Rosette and triglyph in relief,
169 n. 2
Galley, see Ship
—
see
ivory,
II.
37§,
307 n. i, 766, Iii. 40, 44, (lily frieze) iii. 130-33 Thebes, Room of Kadmeion, 11. 730,
—
467
III.
(swallows)
on flower-cone mosaics from
(flying-fish)
228
from Phylakopi, Melos, 542-4 (cf. 536), III.
J.,
2, iv.
208 n.
iii.
Gadd, Mr. C.
Kirkuk, iv. 125 Gaia, comparison of with Mother Goddess,
227, 348, 441, 442, 799, 829, 830, 87s, 876
•
G
at
Minoan Goddess,
iv.
on Hagia Triada sarcophagus,
iv.
Fruit-stand pots,
i.
144 n. 6,431
at
394 42
iv.
41 n.
i,
groups,
IV.
Priest's
207
see
under Mycenae
sign.
i,
High
iv.
II,
58
Furtwangler, Prof., in. 185 n.
existing in
at
498, 499
offerings of, to
— bronze, formerly House Knossos, — Lions', Mycenae, — hieroglyph, M.M. — Linear Script B, — — Linear Script B, 702, 715
i.
278
iv.
as
685, 702 terminal of
name
.
GAZA Gaza,
GEOMETRICAL DESIGNS
[57]
I.
2
Genii,
Gazan6s stream, Minoan
station near
mouth
231
II.
:
in Crete,
11.
— ivory
knife from,
knife handle from,
11.
II.
on hydrias from Kurion, iv. 456-8 on great gold signet from Tiryns, bearing libations to seated Goddess holding alabastron-like cup, IV. 393, 444, 461 as supporters of young God, I. 708,
27
34,
ill.
515,
—
as carriers _
——
see Seals
as
461 ass-headed type
IV.
mus Goddess Ta-Urt
(Thueris: Reret),
.
of,
on
fresco
hippopotamus-headed type 435 lion-headed type
iv.
•
— with
bulls, IV. 440,
with crocodile, with man-bull,
;
•
;
from from from from from
as bearers of animals also
iv.
iv.
Kakovatos, iv. 462, 575 Kydonia, ill. 465 n. 5, iv. 466 Mainland, iv. 550
Mycenae, 'Orvieto',
iv.
461
IV.
century B.C., exhibiting naturalistic marine
Castellani Collection, but
style, II. 505, IV. 456,
able)
457 from Area of Daemon palm-trees
as
585 related to simpler talismanic series of
bead-seals used as vegetation charms, iv.
447-5° connected with divine ceremony of rain-bringing by pouring, iv. 450-2
465, 466 (once no longer trace-
from Phaestos, iv. 435 from Tiryns, IV. 392, 461 from Vapheio, iv. 392, 585 on sealings from Knossos, 11. 764, iv. 627 from Zakro, i. 274, 702-9 Genouillac, Monsieur H. de, on polychrome fromPontus, 11. 658nn.3 and4, iv. 764n.5 (ascribed by him to Hellenistic Age) Geometrical designs on African leather flasks,
•
protectors of vegetation, iv. 444, 453, 454,
627
458
457 459 on fresco from Mycenae, iv. 441, 442 on hydrias of Minoan fabric from Kurion, Cyprus, II. 504, 505, 652-4, IV. 556-8 on seals from Crete, iii. 270, iv. 259
r^emble her,iv. 435, 441-4: and see Ta-Urt first appearance of on bronze hydrias of mature L.M. la date, about end of i6th
— — ewer-holding,
IV.
IV.
——
;
626 watering
on bead-
predominant,
of,
433. 441-4. 4S3-6i, 466, 467 associated with barley-corn,
——
;
Seals, IV. 441, 605,
of,
seals, IV.
431-41; her astral relations reflected in connexion with Minoan Genii on seal stones, IV. 440, 441 analogy with assistance to Horns on Minoan cylinder from Kakovatos with Genius directing sword of lionslaying hero, IV. 462, 463 heads of on beadseals resemble hippopotamus, iv. 435 reflect pregnant aspect of Ta-Urt, iv. 434, 435; inherit her motherly and beneficent aspect,
II sealings
from My-
cenae, IV. 441, 442
victims, IV. 432 source of traced to Egyptian Hippopota-
on L.M.
iv.
companions of lion-slaying hero, iv. 462 between lions on bases, in place of divinity, from tomb in Lower Town, Mycenae,
•
Genii (A.E.), Minoan Ministers of divinity, essentially Cretan creations, IV. 433 not representing votaries in skins of
434, 435, 444;
and leaders of animals,
441-4. 575
Greek tomb at, iv. 536, 539 Gelon of Syracuse, i. 10 n. i
IV.
ill.
365 n. 5, IV. 401, 460, 465-7; in company with winged goat, iv. 467
506 Gebelein, granite block at, i. 421 painted pans from, 11. 190 Gebel-Genamish, base of tholos at, 11. 37 n. 4 Gela, Ionian scarab with lion seizing bull from IV.
Gems,
;
;
459
55 flint
of divinity, ewer-
(cont.)
pouring libations over tripod cauldrons on shafts, iv. 454; over altar-blocks, IV. 454 over cairn, iv. 455 over pillar, iv.
by lion on inlaid dagger-blade from Mycenae, iii. 123 and see Deer Gebal, associated with Keftiu on Egyptian monuments, 11. 656 Gebeh, Egyptian libation vase hieroglyph, used Gazelle, seized
Gebel-el-'Arak,
Minoan Ministers
holding
of,
IV.
91 n. 2
GEOMETRICAL DESIGNS
Geometrical designs (cont.) -on rock carvings of Col di Tenda, 11. 170 n. 4 Geophyros, name for Platyperama stream, 11. 231 n. 2 Geraki, bead-seal from, iv. 446 n. 2 Geranos, see Crane dance Germany, North, amber route from to Greece, 174 halberds from, 11. 170 hut-urns from, 11. 132 Gesture language, Minoan, iii. 57, 152 Greek, iii. 57 II.
Neapolitan, in. 58 Gezer, L.M. I pottery from, in. 312, 342, 881
11.
monument
Giganteia, Megalithic
Gilgamesh,
I.
69,
28, in.
11.
iv.
290,
181
450
art, ill.
II.
11.
Knossos,
89 n.
I,
(vol. I)
I.
E., pere,
546
130, 183 n.
I-V, VII,
restoration
n. 3, in. I,
54 n.
— 54 — mauve, — pounded,
iv.
fils,
no, 284
66, PI.
710, 721, 795,
n. i, 446, III.
486
682 n.
2,
34, 50 n. 2, 54, 90, 118,
&c. and Coloured
PI. (vol. n) X, XI, XIII, XIV, (vol. in) XVI, XVII, XIX, XX, XXa, XXII-XXIV, XXVIII-XXX, (vol.
XXXII,
II.
964 in spiral relief
Minoan Goddess,
from N.W. Insula
XXXIV
iv. 24,
570
partial domestication of in
L.M.
Crete,
IV.
834 drawing chariot on bead-seal from Avdu,
791,823 and kids, faience plaque of from Temple
IV.
Repositories,
i. 311, 498, 510, 511, present habitat of, iv. 832, 833
horns
—
of,
used for bows,
II.
iv.
50 n.
552
2, iv.
832 size of, IV.
835
on inscribed Tablets from Knossos,
127, 157, 19s, 302, 345, 378, IV. 6, 117 n. 2
IV)
Delta,
Goats, wild (the Cretan agriim)' associated with
(vol, III)
n. 3,
Tehenu
Gloves, see Dress
drawings, restorations, and facsimiles
II.
of well at
transparent obsidian) Glazeware, see Faience
XVIII by,
filling
Knossos, in. 30 Glass Island, Yali, near Kos, n. 14 (source of
and
and Coloured XII,
11.
from Menidi, n. 595 n. 2, 596 n. i from Mycenae, IV. 454, 455, 887 n. 2 of alabaster frieze from Tiryns, IV. 227
27,
i,
(vol. II)
III.
434 — from Knossos, 14 — fragments in exterior clay Knossos, 258 — n. 23
in.
Monsieur
2
434, IV. 227 eyes of faience bull from E. Treasury at
III.
facsimiles by,
n.
III.
at
IV.
Gillieron,
887
traditional invention of in
— of type of in Minoan 466, 515, 584 — on Babylonian cylinder from Candia, 260 — on ivory handle from Gebel-el-'Arak, 515 — on jasper signet from Mycenae, 466 28,
IV.
— blue.
inlays, early Nilotic,
at, 11.
reflection
Knossos,
Tomb Robbers' cache, IV. 964 Tomb of the Genii at Mycenae,
from from
—
at
964
IV.
III.
90
83,
Temple Tomb
Glass beads from
flake
Gharbis wind (South- West) (blowing at time of final conflagration of West Quarter of Palace),
GOATS
[58]
II.
50 n.
seized
2, IV.
832
by dog on
flat-sided
M.M.
II
—
275, iv. 525-7 prototype of scenes in which the lion is hunter lentoid,
I.
Gironde, lower, trade with Crete, 11. 180 Gjerstad, Dr. Einar, on tomb at Trahonas,
hunted by dogs and lions on Minoan gems, IV. 532, 576, 577, 834 -by lion on hilt plate of sword from Zafer Papoura, IV. 865
IV. 771 n. 5 Gladiators, Minoan,
I.
Girapetra, Isthmus of, n. 253 Girdle, see Dress
on M.M.
691-4 on sealing from Hagia Triada, in. 502
Glasinatz, ring of
i.
Minoan type from,
— bronze vessel from,
iv.
797
n. 3
11.
175
Ill clay roundel
from Knossos,
620
on
pottery,
M.M. M.M.
E.M.
I, I.
II,
I.
Ill,
i.
112, 182, 607
112, 182, 607 158, 159
:
GOATS
GODDESS
[59]
Goats, wild, on pottery (cont.)
L.M. on
Ill, IV. 371,
and
seals
sealings,
God: Minoan youthful {cont.) adored by warriors bearing gifts on Thisbe
373 i.
;
123 n.
4,
273, 274,
3°2. 310. 311. 69s, 11. 495 n. 2, in. 316, 446, 488, 494, 500, 509, 522, 523,
signet.
— similar
remains of, from Neolithic houses at Knossos, II. 10 sacrificed, on steatite rhyton from Knossos, n. 537, in. 184 on painted sarcophagus from Hagia Triada,
iv.
42
on clay
scratching flank, Isopata, IV. 562
votive figures
from
Petsofa,
from
sealing
'
from Juktas,
of,
158;
I.
153
i.
as
kastro,
from
Palai-
iv.
11.
Hittite
Linear Script B,
iv.
with Attis, I. 3, IV. 468 with Hyakinthos, in. 465 connexion of with Aphrodite, n. 838 with Cretan Zeus, in. 467 with Minoan Goddess, n. 832, 838, III- 143. 454-7. 468-74, IV. 46, 483 death of, I. 153, 154, 162, in. 464
— —
— mourning on gold
—
iv.
— dove-handled, 391, 958 — 122 — from Mycenae, 958 — one-handled, 363 — — under Pottery — 391 — from 364
364
iv.
iv. 122,
275, 363, 391,
clay,
— chryselephantine from
— —
•
youthful,
iv.
355,
i.
160, 161, 515,
635, II. 48, 278, III. 443-57> IV. 470-83 birth cave of, i. 154 n. 6 as
infant
iv.
ministers
475
of, in.
465 n.
5,
iv.
401,
460, 465-7, 610 on fresco from Mainland, n. 136
— on sarcophagus from Miletos, — on and 832, •
seals
IV.
sealings,
iv.
47
in. 143, 464,
11.
550
iv.
iv.
I.
n.
2, 3, 6,
473-4
sealings
i.
I.
468-73
— warrior, on from Knossos and Hagia Triada, 842 465, — with winged god, 708, 401, 467, 610
IV.
vases,
S. Crete, iv.
of,
— from 790 4 — two-handled, 364, 389, 390 'Goblin', on M.M. II 274 — on Melian 274, 559, 703, 704 God: Minoan
tonsured head,
—-genii
in.
depicted on Camp-stool Fresco,
seal,
470
443-56 connexion of with figure of 'Boston Goddess', in. 454-6, iv. 471
470-4,
Isopata, iv.
11.
in. 469,
plate, in. 143,
•
ritual, IV. 359,
Pseira,
from Mavro SpeUo,
465, — prominence of in L.M. age, 46 — tomb on Juktas, n. 68, 81, 838, in. 468
pedestalled, IV. 359, 363, 364, 389, 390 pottery, see
389. 390 stone,
235 ivory, originally with vestments of gold
—
iv.
silver,
464 bronze, from Harbour Town,
— — Biretta of gold plate originally worn on
713
fluted, IV.
gold,
figurine of,
II-
shown
scene over his grave,
signet-ring, in.
loin-plates of, iv. 473 Proto-Armenoid profile of, iv.
Goat-skin, attribute of Juno Sospita, 11. 52 Goblets, bronze, from Tomb of the Tripod
hearth at Zafer Papoura,
of
Gold
iv.
sign, in
birth
•
seal, iv.
Goat
at
—
44. 45
— handle of L.M. la rhyton 537, 777 — on lentoid 559 — hieroglyph, 713
Magi
Alexander, in. 474; and Christ, in. 474-6 (Naples signet-ring compared) comparison of with Adonis, in. 465, 468
winged, as attendant on Boy-God, I. 708, IV. 401, 467, 610; on bead-seal from Kydonia, iv. 467 Goat's-head, Neolithic clay, from Knossos, I-
471-4
adoration of
•
IV. 74,
532, 541, 542, 570, 576, 577, 588, 595, 834 relation of to domestic goat, iv. 834
III.
on Mother Goddess's knees
iv.
Goddess of Ausean Libyans, identified with Athena by Herodotus, n. 51 Goddess, Hippopotamus, see Ta-Urt Goddess, Minoan male spouse not usually represented, in. 459 adorants of, in. 459-63 animal forms of, i. 447 armed, in. 465, 467, iv. 400, 849 as Dove Goddess, i. 635, in. 73 n. i, iv. 391 figurine of, from late Shrine of the Double Axes at Knossos, n. 337, 705
GODDESS Goddess, Minoan (cont.) as Earth Goddess {Gaia), as huntress,
511, 548,
i.
3, 6, iii.
i.
iv.
765,
11.
Goddess, Minoan (cont.) associated with Boy-God,
458 577, 578
as looser of Earthquakes, iv. 187 as
in
lyre-player, Palaikastro,
ill.
III.
i.
3, 4, 5, 154, 156, 161,
143, 451, 468-73, 475, 483, IV. 39 cult of,
11.
277
and
in Anatolia
Syria,
277 images of, I. 51, 52, 115, 469, 470 many-breasted, from Hagia Triada,
1-567
prototypes
of, i. 14 shrine of, at Knossos,
as Patroness of Priest-kings, as Stablisher,
464
11.
794
i.
447,
11.
IV.
iv.
11.
IV.
I.
sprinkler, iv.
attributes,
649,
of, in
iii.
207,
i
Toronto
472 (Coloured
iv. 28, 31, 34, 38,
Frontispiece)
Snake Goddess, Frontispiece of
i.
iv.
ill.
goat, IV.
i), 11.
469,
chthonic aspect
of,
I.
340-2 (and Fig. 194), iii. 153-4 (attending guardian lion), 458, iv. 517, 518 (assistII.
ing at toilette)
500-10 (Coloured
PI.
iv. 24, 159, 186,
187, 406
447, 508, 509,
—V female companions of same age, 342,
III.
— male
attendants,
attitude of,
11.
341,
148 III.
459-63
128, 129
11.
form of, 11. 132, 324, iv. 610 bronze locks from wooden statue of, from Great East Hall at Knossos; iv. 612
baetylic
"• 339
image
Museum,
chryselephantine, in Boston
of, Iii.
clay,
438-42, 455,
iv. 38,
from Gournia and
143. 159 faience,
179
Prinia, iv.
from Temple Repositories
from Knossos, 11. 323, 540 liniestone, from Harbour Town, lead,
235, IV. 193 shrine of, at Knossos,
Gournia and
II.
473 48
III.
11.
699
;
at
11.
of,
339
I.
447, 508, 509,
12, 148, 149, 153, IV. 43,
cult of, at Athens,
— Knossos, — Mycenae, — Psychro, — on Juktas, — 635 at
i.
at
i.
at
11.
I.
triple,
11. 11.
7,
II.
339,
44
50 761
721
48
154,
II.
385
I.
in ritual dance, in. 68
descending, in. 136
Prinia, iv. 143
associated with various animals, III.
celestial aspect of,
chthonic aspect
at Knossos, i. 223 n. 3, 289, 291, 469, 486, 495, 500-12, and Frontispiece, 523, 11. 237, 317 n. 2, 744, III. 440, IV. 32, no, 177, 465
Attis,
IV.
III.
II.
I.
girl
Plate, IV, Pt.
— — bow,
lions,
IV.
39
Museum,
II.
iii.
iii.
vine, IV.
chryselephantine image
as
11.
II.
iv.
I.
541
11.
Goddess of Sports, IV. 20,
iv.
I.
tree,
connexion of this polymastic form with cooking pots, I. 56 7
as
I.
III.
lily, II.
form
parallel II.
IV. 20,
III.
II.
I.
28, 31, 34, 39>
II.
on signet from Thisbe, iii. 470-4 parallel form at Antioch in Pisidia, II.
— bull 207, 649, 447, 472 — cow and 511-14 — cymbals. 472, 219 — Double Axes, 434, 479, 514, 277 — 708, 785 — hounds, 765 — Hyakinthos, 480 — Kybele, 473 — 776 — 308, 413, 414, 334, 831, 526, 596, 914 — Minos, 960 — mountains, 596 — sacred 250 — sheep, 515, 370 — 400 — swinging, 24 — sword, 400, 849 — variety of 24 457, — 394, 628 — wild 570 — two small handmaidens (Diaskourat), griffins,
765
143, 454-8)
iii.
483
i.
159
I.
IV.
calf,
73
with hounds,
468-73, 475, sports,
group from
terra-cotta
Mother Goddess,
as
GODDESS
[60]
iii.
457
dress of, iv. 27, 401, 402 hut-urn of, clay, in
figure
Chamber
at
Knossos,
11.
from Spring
128, 705
GODDESS Goddess, Minoan (cont.) figure of, from Mavro Spelio,
ii.
Gold (cont.) bowl from
337
— marble, Fitzwilliam Museum, 193 — stone, from Harbour Town, 235, in
ill.
199,
IV.
iv.
11.
head
from Knossos,
of, clay,
193
IV.
ill.
holding poppy heads on seal (as Gaia)
tholos at Midea, 11. 505 from 3rd Shaft Grave at Mycenae,
II. 151 caps on ostrich-egg rhyton from Mycenae,
224
— of faience vase from Knossos, 252 — of cylinder from Knossos, i.
iii.
.458
lapis-lazuli
iv.
423
inscriptions connected with cult of,
marine aspect
no.
953.
of,
i.
635,
11.
of, iv.
mourning
iv.
for her son,
and
sealings,
I.
161, 162,
142
ill.
I.
ill.
31, 32
160, 434, 464,
168-70, 460, 518, 550, 577, 578, 594, 607, 950, 952-4 receiving offerings from genii, relation of with Amphitrite,
iv.
460
I v.
958 with Artemis Delphinia, 11. 250 with Anatolian Lightning Gods, iv. 23 with Diktynna (Britomartis), 11. 175, 250 with Gaia, iii. 467 with Hera, iv. 45 n. i with Kybele, ill. 472, iv. 170 n. 2, 219 with Neith, 11. 48, 191 with Persephone, ill. 467 with Rhea, 11. 51, 334 with Wazet, 11. 51, 480, iv. 173 n. i, 983 Goddess, naked, iv. 426, 427, 428, 458 Goddess, Syrian, iv. 478, 557 Godoy, prohibition of Spanish bull fights
— — — — — — — — — —
ill.
227
n. 3
axe-adze, miniature, from Mochlos
11. 629 n. 3 bands, with canopied ankh motive, from 5th
Shaft Grave at Mycenae, iv. 255 bar from Cypro-Minoan tomb at Old Salamis,
at
11.
788,
11.
ill.
149,
iv.
1005
n.
2
from 3rd Shaft Grave, Mycenae, I. 516 cups, from Mycenae, I. 469, ii. 188, 504, 183 n.
IV.
363, 365, 958
5,
— from Vapheio,
452,
11.
ill.
177-85, 188,
IV. 10, 22,
444 diadems from shaft graves
Mycenae,
iv.
239 double axes, votive, from Arkalokhorio,
iv.
at
347
duck from Knossos, ill. 412 dumps from Old Salamis, iv. 664
dumps (of
(also silver) predecessors of coinage
Egyptian and Oriental standards),
from Libya, possibly imported
dust
Crete,
11.
iv.
into
756
ewers from shaft graves
at
Mycenae,
I.
498,
ill.
404,
127
IV.
from E. Treasury
fish,
at
Knossos,
411 foil,
from Magazines
at
Knossos,
I.
318, 571
— from M.M. Ill 451, 458 — from Temple Repositories, 457, 469-71, 480-2 — from niche Room of the Throne, —934 from basin of Room of the Throne, 930 — on from 3rd Shaft Grave Mycenae, 615 — of boss of pectoral from floor-cists,
I.
in
iv.
963
iv.
at
I.
676
bosses on imported halberd from Mycenae,
iv.
lustral
IV.
at
194
I.
172, 173
comb from Mycenae,
fig leaves
at Kalathiana,
— from robbers' cache Knossos, — from tholos Kumasa, 76 — from 3rd Shaft Grave Mycenae, — from Pyrgos, 75 at
from Mycenae,
iv.
I.
Gold:
IV. 665 beads from tholos
390. 391 chrysalises
cross
11. 47, 340, 342, 633, 724, 764, 767, 793, 804, 831, III. 68, 136, 137, 14.2, 458, 465, 470-4, IV.
under,
on Camp-stool Fresco,
chalice depicted
151
offered chalice, iv. 594, 767 on frescoes from Knossos, 11. 712, seals
631-6
i.
249-52, 343,
956,958 950-4
migration
II.
butterflies
II.
— painted stucco, from Mycenae,756, 757 519
on
GOLD
[6i]
coffin
11.
lining
crystal
Gurob, III. 108 goblets from graves 363. 365. 391 gourd-shaped vessel
bad,
II.
26
at
Mycenae,
i.
122, 275,
from treasure of Astra-
GOLD Gold
(cont.)
granulated work, of microscopic character, on lion from Long Corridor, iii. 412, iv. 75, 76
—
Grave at Zafer Papoura, IV. 865, 866 of horned sword from 5th Shaft Grave
tain's
Mycenae, iv. 848 inlays, on amphora from Knossos, iv. 897 on dagger-blades from Mycenae, I. 714at
—
17, 720,
II. 361, 452, 473, 730, III. 95, 112, 113, 118-24, 130, IV. 527, 531, 575
from Thera, ill. 130 from Vapheio tomb,
n. 3 ill.
96
n. i, 127,
128
— on
head rhyton depicted on User-amon at Thebes, 11. 738 jewellery, from Mochlos, i. 95-8, iv. 125, 423 lilies from tombs at Dimini and Volo, I. 500 lion from Long Corridor at Knossos, iii. 412, silver jackal's
tomb
of
IV. 75, 76 mouthpiece from tomb at Enkomi, 11. 494 necklace from Chieftain's Grave at Zafer Papoura, 11. 563, iv. 862 oenochoe from 4th Shaft Grave at Mycenae,
n. 633 pendants, from Aegina,
175 n. 5
iv.
iii.
iii.
iv.
iii.
iv.
from Mallia, iv. 75, 125 pins with antler head from Mycenae, iv. 579 forming spiral ornament on dagger hilt from Mycenae, iii. 119; compared with those on Normanton dagger hilt, Wilts. (Early Bronze Age), ib. n. 2 plaques, repousse, with labyrinth from Hagia pin, flower-headed,
—
Triada,
sword-hilts from Mallia,
359 n. 3 from Shaft Graves
at
201, 217, 767, 777, 788, tholoi at
of dagger
641 n.
Mycenae, IV.
Mycenae,
11.
195,
253, 317 iv.
242
— — II — on wooden n.
horns of rhyton from Knossos,
rhyton, lion's
Mycenae,
— fragment rings as scales,
641 n.
iii.
bowl from Vapheio,
I
used on wooden caskets and
coffins,
11.
on bronze hair of ivory from Knossos, Iii. 432
figurines
at
420, 827
from
of,
Palaikastro,
11.
503
of currency, IV. 664, 665
from 3rd Shaft Grave IV.
head
11.
at
Mycenae,
661
signet-rings, evolution of,
511, 948 n. I L.M. la origin of,
139, IV. 510,
ill.
— 512 450 — from Aegina, 53 — from Arkhanes, 355 219, 220, 418 — from Avdu, 822, 823 — from Candia, 953, 954 — from Canea, 145 — from Dendra, 171 — from Enkomi, 759 — from Isopata, 771, 776, 789, 2 140 — from Kakovatos, n. 785 6 and Ring of Nestor — from Knossos, 160, n, 188, 615, 832, n. 2, iv.
11.
11.
n. 2, in.
11.
IV.
iv.
in.
iv.
I v.
in. 68,
11.
n.
:
see
838, in. 136, 137, IV. 319
House,
II.
373
Temple Tomb, Harbour Town,
iv.
393, 947 n. 250, in. 138
— from Ligortino, 463 — from Maroni, 759 — from Mavrp — from Mochlos, n. 249, in.
iv.
253, 977
plating,
steatite bull's
527 head, from 4th Shaft Grave
medium
788,
S.
silver
642
i.
pommel from Mycenae,
119
on rim of
I,
on ewer from Mycenae, 11. 647 represented on tombs of Senmut and User-amon, 11. 648, 738 on rhyton from Mycenae, 11. 530 on steatite, I. 387, 675, 676, 11. 503 on stone, pre-dynastic Egyptian, 11. 179
n.
i.
from
— — — —
11. 272 from Mycenae, in. 130 from Zafer Papoura, 11. 530, 563 on copper, from Vat Room Deposit, i. 170 on faience, i. 452, 457, iii. 434 on ivory, on sword from Mallia, 11. 273 on silver, on bowl from Mycenae, 11.
III.
— from Knossos, E. Treasury, 401, 410 Upper E.W. Corridor, 412 — from Kumasa, 412, 76 — from Mallia, 75
iii.
89
ni. 401, 410 of cruciform sword from Chief-
hilt plates
IV.
Gold, plating (cont.) on rim of silver rhyton from Mycenae,
from Knossos,
heart,
II.
GOLD
[62]
Spelio,
11.
557, in. 510
iv.
952
GOLD Gold, signet-rings 832, 838,
Gortyna,
(cont.)
— from Mycenae,
1.
161, 162,
11.
50, 278, 340,
95, 137, 140-4, 314, 463, 466,
III.
SCO, 514, IV. 512, 553, 565, 579, 584, 610 from Phaestos, II. 764, ill. 70, iv. 24 n. 4 from Platanos, ill. 139
— — — from Pyrgos, 75 — from Smyrna, 225 — from Sphoungaras, 511 — fromThisbe, 123, 137, 470, 340, 40, 219, 526, 527 474, — from Tiryns, 245, 228, 392, 400, 430, —459 from Vapheio, 70, 136, 140, 141, 149, 11.
ill.
iv.
11.
ill.
50,
IV.
iv.
11.
ill.
512 from Zafer Papoura, 11. 563 of Minos, IV. 947 seals from Knossos, iv. 665 Mycenae, 3rd Shaft Grave, IV.
— — — 462, — Thisbe,
at, 11.
figurine
474,
IV. 18, 40,
578, 816 shrines from
IV.
11.
n. 5
11.
in
inscription
11.
at, ill. at,
I.
liability of, to
11.
n.
iv.
11.
39,
11.
at
site
11.
steatite
iv.
in
territory of,
Goulas, bead-seals from,
125, iv.
iii.
450 inscribed cup from,
m.
11.
203
11.
n.
i,
iv.
446
— 639 prototype of beaked ewer, Gourd 450 — forms E.M. 63 — shaped gold Treasure of Astrabad,
125, 225, 227, 416,
iv.
in
Mycenae,
11.
I.
flask,
174 n. 1,451,514,531,573,
pottery,
I
I.
vessel in
187, 607, 615, 806,
26 Gournes, M.M. I sherd from, I. 184, 186 Gournia, I. i, 11. 508 church of Hagia Pelagia at, 11. 251 crystal pendant from, in. 411 L.M. la dagger from, iv. 851 II.
from Mycenae, iv. 665 spray from Knossos, i. 252 standard, reputed Babylonian, iv. 655 Egyptian, iv. 654
— — Minoan,
iv.
Knossos,
— — — — destruction of L.M. 786, 885 — 7 — houses 560, 561, 563 — house-tombs 191 — pottery from, E.M.
654, 655
from stone box from II.
House
S.
in
at
from Kumasa, ill. 412, iv. 76 use of on chryselephantine figurines,
348, in. 308,
at, 11.
429,
at,
weight seal from Knossos, iv. 665 wires inlaid in bronze dagger-blade
I.
150,
I, I.
E.M. E.M.
from
127
iii.
11.
fortification of, in.
ill.
333> 472. 473
Vapheio,
lb,
IV.
374
toad,
IV.
48, 50,
flank, iv.
407
44o>
licking
of,
'skilling',
tessera
I.
n. 2,
744,
11.
10
I.
— arsenal 87 — breccia from, sub-Neolithic, — coin-types with bull hoof, 560 with goat scratching 562 — communication with port of Lebena, 84 — conquest of Lykastos by, 74 — importance of Minoan Age, 84 — 259 — 'Labyrinth' a limestone quarry, 533 — earthquakes, 319 — onyx lentoid from, 571 2 — Roman centre of Cretan province, 231 road by, 84 — of Hagious Deka, 76 — bead from, 489 — mentioned Odyssey, 86
501, 546
IV.
GOWLAND
[63]
II,
I.
Ill,
60, 62, 63, iv.
84
n. 2
80-2
I.
107, 108 n. 2, 112, IV. 92
— on gold object from Hissarlik M.M. 92 194 M.M. work, E.M., 125 95-9, 597, 611 — ancient L.M. 621, H. 486, 510, 539, 705 of from Temple ReposiKnossos, 265, 651 469 — — influence of on vase from, M.M. L.M., 191 323 — shrine of snake Goddess from Mycenae, 508, n. 339, on sculptured 158-61 142 247 — n. 580 area Golden Bough, 483 — tower from, n. 603, 92 Golenischeif papyrus, account of mission of — tripod hearth from, 283 Wen Amon 69 179 4 II,
I.
165,
26,
Ill,
IV.
la,
thefts
tories at
I.
n. i,
I.
n. I
IV.
i.
pottery,
182, IV.
I, I. .176,
11.
silver
iv.
stelae
I, iv.
at,
.
theatral
11.
at,
terra-cotta
Gongs,
Burmese,
sacred shields,
compared iii.
315
II.
with
Minoan
Gowland,
Prof.
Troad,
i.
in. 85,
134,
n.
in, iii.
i.
n. I, 143,
IV. 27, 40,
IV.
W., on
193 n.
i
n. 2, iv.
silver
mining in the
GOYA
GRIFFINS
[64]
Goya on Spanish
Greece, relation with [cont.)
bull fights, in. 227 n. 3
M.M.
Graffiti, see Inscriptions
on M.M.
Graffito technique, influence of
pottery,
I.
Ill
L.M. L.M. L.M.
594
Grain, see Barley, Millet
— storage of — hieroglyph
Knossos, i. 236, iv. 621, 622 for, I. 280 Granary sign, in Linear Script B, iv. 623, 625 at
Stand' on Miniature Knossos, III. 47, 48
'Grand
11.
220
Granulation on M.M. jewellery, in. 412 Grape, juice of, offered to Minoan Goddess, 394, 628
446
iv.
n.
Grasses, on faience vases from
and
la,
see
II.
Cyclades,
II.
469 i, iii.
276, 277
Greece, apsidal type of house
as
in, iv.
figures
to
i.
Minoan
198 absent in Crete,
11.
in,
in, IV.
\b, iv.
in, at
cist-graves in,
11.
\b, iv.
tradition of,
in,
in.
at
of,
"I-
art
art
iv.
iv.
iv.
li.
in, II. 21,
in, in.
n.
in, iv.
into, iv.
n.
relation
Crete,
I.
12, 13, 20, 33,
li.
4-5,
65, 168, 217, 452, 697, 833, in. 128, 418,
227, 228, 229, 248, 253, 539, 549,
55°. 754. 755. 870. 871 Neolithic, i. 4, 14 I.
II, iv!
and Egypt, 11. 168 N. Germany, 11. 174
— transference of Minoan L.M. 945 — use of n. 345 — tumblers 508
government
II, IV.
sling in,
114 283, 284
perhaps
settled
Achaean invasion,
— settlement
in
Hellas
before
in. 133 n. 2
of, at Knossos, n. 432, iv. 18 Green, use of in Egyptian art, in. 305
in
149
Ill,
in, IV.
as
Greeks,
— boar-hunting 869 — catastrophe end of L.M. 887 — 40 — conquest of by Minoans in L.M. 283, 887 — epic Minoan Element 106 — gesture language represented Naples, 57 — influence on, of Cypriote 539 on, Syro-Hittite 409 — migrations to from Crete, 571, 626, 283, 887 — Minoan element 40 — Northern, bilingual stage 2 133 — Phoenician alphabet 755 — riding introduced 830 4 — with N.W. Europe, n. 174
M.M.
716, 887,
iv.
— snakes house-guardians 945 153 — snake-skin charm 168 — steatopygous female from, 45 — trade-route from Asia Minor, n. 169
in, iv.
Minoan
Greaves, bronze, from lUyria,
E.M.
A (Melos, Santorin), iv. 745,
746
to, after
Gravestones, see Stelae, under Burials,
IV. 26,
20
11.
to Crete
Reeds
Minoan
887
852, 853, 945
seat of
Ill,
469, 811 n.
Graves, see Burials,
I.
II, IV.
script in. Linear
2
Temple Reposi-
277
— on pottery, M.M. L.M.
746
lb, IV. 281, 283,
to
Gras, bead-seal from, tories, III.
23, 445, 485, 594, 595, 599,
I.
la, IV.
Linear B,
Granite, black, statuette of from Adana,
IV.
—
from
Fresco
Ill,
600, IV. 746
Minoan
art, in.
305
Gregalia, see Borras
Greyhounds, Egyptian name of, recurring in Berber (modern Libyan), n. 24 Minoan, on seals and sealings, iv. 580, 582 sacral connexion of, iv. 580-2 Gridiron sign used at Tiryns and Thebes, iv. 754
—
Griffins, as guardians of treasure,
i.
vases,
i.
559 — degenerate, on Helladic 559 — Egyptian hawk-headed type 913, 914 — Minoan type 558, 703, 710-14, 719, 913, 914 — notched plume decoration on wings 549. 550 — on frescoes Knossos, 382, 524, 549, n. of, iv.
•
of,
I.
4, 5, 18,
IV.
of,
I-
at
I.
114, 116, 353 n.
I,
785,
III.
40, 510, 513,
517, IV. 6, 169, 650, 749, 891, 908-14 on inlays of axe of Queen Aah Hotep, i. 550,
— 112 361, — on ivory from Knossos, n. 388, 190 — on Melian 558, 560 — on and 683, 785, 168, 408, 412, 426 513. 514. — aspect n. 785, II.
III.
reliefs
IV.
n. 3
pottery,
seals
154. religious
IV. 168,
I.
sealings,
II.
I.
in. 144,
IV.
of,
I.
412, 823, 824
19,
in.
154,
— GRIFFINS
Gypsum
Griffins {cont.)
— winged, — wingless
in Ancient Art, iv. 913 in Room of the Throne at ,
IV. 913, 914 on 'Ring of Nestor', in. 154 on steatite bead-seal from Central Crete, III.
154
sepulchral
F.
LI.,
on date of Egyptian
176 n. 4 on inscription on Egyptian diorite
steatite
from Abydos,
cylinders
11.
209 n. 2 horses
on
from
frescoes
Tiryns, iv. 830 Grotesque element in Minoan naturalism,
'
66-80 11.
66,
78
Kanli Kasteli, 11. 74 Knossos, by bridge over Vlychia,
at
11.
11.
by, HI. 56 Gudea, King of
influence
flying-fish, in.
Minoan type
of
la, alabastron
from,
11.
iv.
256 n. 269
I.
429,
II.
26, 27
323, 324, 480,
in. 510
— 903 — pavements,
I.
364, 365,
11.
798,
ill.
4, 234,
at Knossos, i. 319, n. 523, 669, 683, in. 17, 20, 323, 332 n. 4, 356, 366, 367,
903
— House, from chapel of High 211, 212 — petrifying action n. 124 — Knossos, 398, 401, 425, n. 406, — purple variety much vogue, 25-7, 935.936 — from Queen's marine Priest's
pedestal, IV.
of,
pillars, at
i.
in
Megaron
in.
iv.
style
at
Knossos, in. 365
at Mycenae, in. 192228 from Klytemnestra tomb, iv. 228, 229 slab, inscribed, from Knossos, I. 621, 622,
202, 517,
i
Gypsades, Hill of, see Knossos Gypsies, Hungarian, dancing of, in. 72 Gypsum, 11. 66 n. 2, 93 basins from Knossos, in. 25 benches from Knossos, Ante-room of of the Throne, iv. 904 S. House, II. 386
IV. 10,
— 956 — stands for Double Axes from Knossos, n. 211, 212 334, 386, — steps Knossos, n. 688, 816, 18 — stylobate of Queen's Megaron, in. 355 — fragment from House B under Kouloura West Court, 73 — threshold 337, 369, 448, n. 812, IV.
IV.
in. 16,
at
Room
chest, for storing inscribed tablets, in. 190,
671
S.E. House,
in.
from Atreus' tomb
129
crystal boss of pectoral from, in. 108
IV.
from Crete, in. 199 from Knossos, i. 344, 345, (purple gypsum), iv. 936 Royal Villa, n. 404
reliefs,
of on
Gurob, alabaster vessel from,
—
I.
in
see
Inlayers
— —
I.
IV. 3
Lagash (Chaldaea), iv. 186 Guild of Minoan inlayers, in. 408: and
— L.M. —
n. 3,
26, IV.
IV.
76 at Ruphas, 11. 80 Sphakoryaki, 11. 90 Guardi, F., painting of Teatro San Benedetto
Gurnard,
212
floor-cists,
IV.
153. 154 at Pyrgos,
IV.
995 — 450, 451, 453-7, 462 — fonts from Knossos, purple gypsum, 25, 936 — imitated 935,painted stucco, 356, 419, n. 161, — lamps, 444 from Argos, n. 41 4
orthostats,
Guard-station, Minoan, on Juktas, at
n. 382, 518, 565, 714, in. 12, 266, 340,
n.
iv.
102 Grotta deir Oreo, demon Tukhulkha on fresco at, IV. 188 Grotto on M.M. II sealing, iv. 116 Grove, Sacred', Miniature Fresco from Knossos, 32,
in.
11.
I.
in
Grooms leading Mycenae and
III.
disintegration
in.
n- 3
on
I.
IV.
44,
at
relief, 11.
monument from Knossos, I. 287 n. i, 289 on tomb of Men-Kheper'ra-senb, 11. 535
at
III.
of, to
n. I
Prof.
I.
III.
unique in history of Art,
Griffith,
(cont.)
— column-bases Knossos, 343, 351, 352, 164 441, n. 617, 689, — cut with saws, n. 632 — dadoes, Knossos, 334, 347, n. 598, 668, 877, 878 272, 381, — destruction preserve wine, n. 548 — of by weather, 287 352, — door jambs Knossos, 337, 369, 448, at
Knossos
Griffin-lady,
—
GYPSUM
[6s]
table,
of,
off
slabs,
in. 12
iv.
i.
GYPSUM Gypsum
HAGIA TRIADA
[66]
Hagia Pelagia
(cont.)
(cont.)
— throne, in Room of the Throne, 338, — Minoan port 299 — from, 917 497, 576 — use of building construction Knossos, Hagia Photia, M.M. cave burial — E.M. painted pot from, 128, 203, 209, 211, 351, 352, 360, 385, in.
at, I.
IV.
seals
in
at
I
I
I.
386, 390, 408, 410, 427, 530, 531, 579, 580, 582, II. 119, 373, 376, 382, 396, 403-5,
406
— —
iv.
n. 4, 514, 518, 547, 588,
203 weight from West Magazines, and see Alabaster
III.
9, 355,
IV.
iv.
i.
Hagia Triada, Palace IV.
of,
— braziers from, L.M.
lb, iv.
Hadranus, II.
n.
sepulchral stela with Goddess
seals,
district, iv.
Central Crete, in. 116,
East Crete,
iv.
iv.
566
III.
583
^ of Crocus-gatherer,
iv.
413, 1018
Vatheia, iv. 413 from Astrakous,
of violet,
425
—
iv.
54
n. 2
at, 11.
road,
at, i.
62,
532,
i.
56, 823
87,
64
in.
n.
III.
44. 295. 401. 402, 403. 426, 580, 823,
— saws from, 632, — sealings from, M.M.
66
n. 3
at, iv.
—
at, iv.
of, 11. 251, 252, 843, iv.
iv.
798 IH^i-L.M.
la,
824 505,
1.
670, 678, 680, 681, 691, 692, 712, 717, II. 340, 484 n. I, 763, 769, 832, in. 137, 151,
Hagia Pelagia (derivative of marine form of Goddess), cult
shell
pillars,
near, in. of, II.
i
i. 223, n. 324,427. 437-41. 447, 635, 334, 336, 406, 650, 721, 834, III. 39, 69, 138, IV. 42,
— wind erosion of 293 Hagia Paraskevi, church 83 — dove from tomb 407 — cylinder from tomb 763 cliffs
n.
IV.
11.
Minoan limestone quarry
vessels
478
464
— gold plate with labyrinth from, 359 — ingots from, bronze, n. 535, 569 copper, 624, 652 — ivory cone from, n. 199 — dolium from, n. — superposed, on objects from, — pottery from, M.M. HI, 415 4 L.M. 309 — sarcophagus from, of painted limestone, la.
on Minoan Southern
533 junction of Minoan roads
steatite
11.
i.
"• 71. 73 Irini,
II.
liparite
206,
11.
Syro-Hittite, iv. 459 sling-bullets from Hissarlik, in. 99 weight from Knossos, iv. 655, 656 village
539
836
II.
458
i,
I.
I.
iv.
Hagia Pelagia, iv. 497 Harbour Town of Knossos,
Hagia Anna,
11.
of sacral ivy,
Candia, n. 266
498 from Platanos,
114
of lyre,
Mirabello province, in. 117 Praesos, in. 116 n. 4
Crete, iv. 18 n.
114,
11.
of Leaping Roe, n. 354 of lilies, I. 604
Crete, in. 316
Knossos, in. 149,
7
28, 539, 604, 605,
i.
31711.2,354,447,459,732,733 of cat and pheasant, i. 539, 541, n. 354,
524
cylinder-seals,
Hagia
fortification at, in.
721,
11.
IV.
— —
— — frescoes from,
524 n.
from from from from
Mother Goddess from,
1-567
4 — bead-seals from Candia from from from from from from from
i
iv.
of many-breasted
of,
766
Tanit from, in. 420 n. i Haeiriatite, use of for L.M. lb
—
figurines
i.
lb, iv.
n.
I.
17 n. 4 Sikel God, attendant hounds
Hadrumetum,
IV.
881
— communication with Komo, n. 90 — destruction of Palace L.M. 786, 88s — double axe from, 283 — faience plaques from, maker's marks on, 2 488 — 162 from, at in
650
H or Haunebu,
64
12, n. 90, 412,
i,
I.
185
at, i.
786, 885
11.
Haau
63,
956
188, 314 n. I, 411 n. I, 465, 500, 502, IV. 513. 565 n. 4. 566, 572, 574, 591, 611, 820, 828, 868 steatite
cup with
relief of
young prince and
soldier, n. 47, 779, 790, in. 83, iv.
400
rhyton from, with harvesters' rout,
i.
19,
:
HAGIA TRIADA Hagia Triada,
steatite
28, 84, 85,
rhyton
Hairdressing
[cont.)
female fringe, bronze curls of acrobats, 11. 35
47, 224, 279, 472, III. 449, IV. 218; ostrich egg type of, 11. 224, 225 11.
boxing scenes and bull sports, 690,
I.
— — — — — — —
ill.
420
— stone hammers from, M.M. — Tablets, inscribed, from. Linear Ill,
613, 616, 620, 621, 636,
I.
468 Script A, 248, 249,
II.
447, 658, 660, 677, 680, 732 tholos ossuaries at, I. 70, 83, 107, 149, IV.
—
•
11.
36,
80
bronze daggers from, ivory seals from,
larnax from,
i.
I.
Pithos, at Knossos, iv. 635 n. 2
195, iv. 848
179, 189, 239, 415
Rekhmara
at, 11.
843 Hagia Varvara, village near Minoan Southern II.
of, 11.
IV.
Hagio Pnevma, rock borings of quarries
11.
in
I.
IV.
487
I.
I.
vessel
112, 113,
1
17-19
II.
iv.
480
iv.
478
Minoan,
;
intercourse,
11.
Britain,
11.
170
— from 170 — from Calvatone, 172 — from Gambara, 172 — from N. Germany, 170, 173 — from Ireland, 172, 173 — from 170, 172 — from Montemerano, 172 — from Mycenae, 172, 173 — from Scandinavia, 170 — from 170 — from Spain, 170 — represented on rock carvings, n. i
11.
170,
n. 2
11.
n. i
11.
n.
i
11.
Silas,
76
at, 11.
to
on votive monuments, 159, IV. 481-3
11.
11.
late
478
Italy,
68,
— Greek tombs 76 — dedications Demeter and Kore
to Syrian Goddess, iv.
11.
Minoan South road by, 11. 68 Theodoros, church of, perhaps on Minoan South road, 11. 230 Hagios Thomas, Minoan Southern road by, Hagios Hagios
477
of Zeus at Panamara,
11.
60, 63,
steatite seals
Temple
11.
80,
I.
i.
sacrifice,
iv. 368 n. i Halberds, diffusion of as evidence of trade
n.
4 — copper spear-head from, loi — E.M. pottery from, iii — B.M. from, whorl from, 69 — stone from, 46
human
Hala Sultan Tekke, sherd from,
— — — kernos from,
at, 11.
of
741
476
in ancient Greece, iv.
71
I. 76, 78 n. i Hagios Onuphrios, primitive ossuaries
33, 781
tomb
Double Axe cult, iv. 483 custom of widespread, iv. 475 made to springs and rivers, iv. 476
in, ii.'73 n. i,
Hagios Kyrillos, Roman road at, 11. 84 Hagios Myros, site of Rhankos, 11. 74 n. 2 Hagios Nikolaos, bead-seal from, iv. 446 n. 2 breccia from vicinity of, iv. 234 n. 4 E.M. I suspension pot from, i. 60
11.
11.
on
associated with
at, II.
233 Hagios Andonis, bead-seal from, iv. 446 n. 2 Hagios Georgios, bay of, I. 298 Hagios Jannis, church of, Minoan column-base
— Minoan
Thebes,
at
Hair-offerings as substitute for
76
91 pottery from,
influence,
to
— worship of Zeus Velchanos road,
— pendant locks 781 due Libyan — of Minoan Tributaries
120, 125, iv. 522
138
iii.
pottery from,
I.
522-3
of, iii.
of ivory figurine, ill. 432 on Vapheio cup, ill. 182 of ivories from Hierakonpolis, 11. 24 on miniature frescoes, ill. 49 of ivory statue of Snake Goddess, ill. 440 of steatite figurine from Tylissos, ill. 427 male, of acrobats in ivory figurines, ill. 432 on miniature frescoes, ill. 48, 67 barber's shop for,, with obsidian razor blades on M.M. HI floor of Room of Tall
689,
III.
35, 90, 22s, 498 Sphinx of Hittite workmanship from,
I.
HALEDON
[67]
at, 11.
Hagios Vlasis, Minoan Southern road by, 68 Hagious Deka, see Gortyna
76 11.
Sicily,
11.
11.
171 Halbherr,
—
Prof.
F.,
coverer in Crete,
first
iv. ix,
services to Author,
— discoveries
at
170 n.
archaeological
4,
dis-
x
ib.
Hagia Triada,
Hagia Triada Haledon, see Octopus
11.
iv. x,
and
see
HALIARTOS reported
Haliartos,
script in
tomb
Halikarnassos,
—
discovery
of
Trojans,
prehistoric
as
of
allies
169 n. 2 possible connexion of with the Khalitu,
ivy leaf and ogival canopy motives,
11.
11.
489
n. 2
on talismanic bead-seals from SphounHall, Dr.
H.
R.,
11.
57
n. 2
M.M. H,
Handles, applied,
i.
I.
breastplate,
i.
i.
in.
on ivory
Palaikastro,
n.
figures
from
in.
on jasper
relief
530 n. 2 on Phaestos disk,
from Tell-el-Amama,
IV.
I.
Triada,
11. 792 n. i Minoan, division of by door jambs
III.
as
340
Hal-Saflieni, megalithic
hypogaeum
at,
I.
22,
182, 184
Hal-Tarxien, megalithic 'temple' at, i. 22 bone objects from, I. 492 n. 4, II. 182 incised bowl from, I. 263, 11. 184 interments at. Bronze Age, 11. 190 model of building from, 11. 187 stone reliefs from, I. 188 Halys, silver from, mentioned in Iliad,
— — — — —
11.
n. 4,
9, 30,
strap, neolithic,
I.
38,
IV.
11.
11. I.
38, 40, 59,
11.
Handmaidens of Minoan Goddess, kourai', and under Goddess
see 'Dias-
II.
213
— date of tombs — Minoan pottery
213 nn. i and 2 from, 11. 209-21, 228,
iii.
250. IV. 53, 108, 131, 265 Harbour of Menelaos, 11. 89
—
at Pharos, Alexandria, I. 18, 291-7 Harbours, Minoan, I. 18, 297-9, 311: and see Amnisos, Gazanos, Harbour Town, Hierapetra, ICnossos, Komo, Lebena, Mallia, Matala, Matium, Niru-Khani, Palaikastro Hardy, Dr. Thomas, on primitive beliefs con-
II.
448
Harp, four-stringed, held by marble figurines from Keros and Thera, 11. 835 11.
Hart, see Deer Haruspices, see Divination
Hama, trade route to, iv. 771 Hammar, hut urn from, 11. 132 n. 4 Hammurabi, King of Babylon, date of accession of, IV. 54,
92,
cerning butterflies, in. 151 Hare, on painting in tomb at Thebes, Harness, Minoan, iv. 824, 825, 830
169 n. 2
425
from Knossos, i. 488 painted stucco relief of, from E. Hall, in. 507
Hand, matrix
i.
roll, II.
at, II.
4
on rhyton from Mycenae, I. 668 on scarab from Crete, 11. 54 n. 6 on staff held by officer on cup from Hagia
piers.
n. 4,
II.
92, 93,
Harageh, block with name of Senusert II from,
666, 667
on polychrome vases from Phaestos, n.
I.
I.
see
I
204
II.
vertical
30
259
— 256 — bronze, from W. Treasury, 469 — from Gebel-el-'Arak, 515 — knob, 9 — 54 75 — 60 — perforated, 193 54 — 30 — 40 — 281, 286 422, 424, — band, 9 — wishing bone, 9 — and Knife-handles, Mirror handles tiered,
497 on Egyptian chronology,
from
cylinder
iv.
425 open, sign, in Linear Script A, iv. 660 in Linear Script A, on tablet from Temple Repositories at Knossos, iv. 660
loop,
n. 5
II.
II.
Astrakous,
ledge,
i
on cylinder with bull sports, ill. 185 n. i on date of objects from Abydos, 11. 210; from Kahun, 11. 488 n. 4; from Sakkara,
Halls,
{cont.)
Cypro-Minoan
ivory,
garas, iv. 541 n.
II.
—
11.
169 n. 2 Hall, Miss Edith H., on connexion between
446
forearm sign
on
10
i.
Hand and
672
at, iv.
mentioned in Iliad
Halizones,
HATHOR
[68]
for faience,
Harvesters, rout of, on steatite vase from Hagia
Triada,
19, 28, 84, 85,
I.
III.
tomb
of,
449, I.
in pottery,
i.
62,
Griffin fresco, iv. 912-13
iv.
sign, in
men from
485
n. I, 112, 166, IV. 131
i.
in
47, 224, 279,
IV.
— Hatched ornament — Linear Script A, 619, 640, 644 109 — shading on Linear Script B, 685 — and forearm Linear Script A, 682 Hathor, 416 289, sign, in
II.
218 Hatasu, Queen, draughtboard and 472,
iv.
i.
in.
n.
2
63, 75,
HATHOR Hathor
HELMETS
[69]
Hearths, fixed
(cont.)
— associated with Neith, 51 with Wazet, 480 — cow symbols 536 195 — emblems 360 — head 419 — for 57
in
11.
of,
i.
262,
11.
549,
n. I, hi. 123, of,
19,
11.
cult of,
11.
i.
of, ill.
vessels
Queen-Mother
Hatshepsut,
Thothmes
III,
regent
for
266,
iv.
425, 647, 736,
11.
—
Gazanos,
11.
station
I.
436,
11.
322
Matium,
11.
552
at Tylissos,
11.
65 n.
on origin of Minoan II.
217 n.
mouth
of
231
at Mallia, at
near
i,
n. 3,
ill.
394
from Mycenae, iv. 179, 180 from Niru Khani, 11. 283, iv. 179 from Zafer Papoura, 11. 563 associated with Snake Goddess,
frescoes,
ornament,
bells
and robes,
i.
175 n. 3
Haunch
sign of Ursa Major, iv. 436 Hauran, black steatite seal from, I. 119 Hauser, Prof. Friedrich, on sculptures from Atreus Tomb at Mycenae, iii. 195 HausouUier, Monsieur, on Boegia at Miletos, IV. 47 n. 4 Hawk, sacred Egyptian,
relation of with
Minoan
416 drawing of wall-painting in tomb
griffin, III.
Hay, Mr.
R.,
Senmut by, 11. 647 n. 2 Hazael King of Damascus, donor of of
ivory
plaque from Arslan Tash, iv. 555 Head and neck sign, in Linear Script B, iv. 685 Head, clay, of Minoan Goddess from Knossos, tattoo
— painted
marks on,
iv.
stucco, of
Mycenae,
iii.
Minoan Goddess from
519
Heads, M.M. I votive clay, i. 153 Headers in limestone building, of houses Gypsades, 11. 548 in structure of Tholos ossuaries, 11. 80 in viaduct at Knossos, 11. 98 Hearths, fixed, in Asia Minor, 11. 20
at
— —
11.
17,
18,
20, 21,
131 n- 3. 366, III. 35° in the Cyclades, 11. 20, 21 at
Mycenae,
181 n.
I
i.
551,
iii.
in.
533,
n.
47
i,
Swiss Lake dwellings, iv. 628 n. i Hehn, Dr. Victor, on date and origin of dove cult in Greece, iv. 406 Heifer, see
Cow
Hekataeos cited, iv. 625 Helena, Empress, "church III-
at
Bethlehem
built by,
475
Helene, Princess of Spain, in bull-fight, in. 228 Heliopolis, temple prostitutes
in. 61
at,
Hella, Scandinavian underworld, in. 147 'Helladic' culture, iv. 283, 294
Hellenika, see Knossos
Helmets, Hittite,
iv.
— Minoan, M.M.
689, 690
II,
on
Town
Mosaic,
I.
307,
308
756, 757
in Crete, Neolithic,
531,
I.
211 n. 3 stucco, I. 530, 532, 535, III. 310 Heer, Dr. Oswald, on six-rowed barley from
I
on votive
iii.
350 n. 2, IV. 143, 151, 152, 179 Heating apparatus of stone bath in Caravanserai at Knossos, 11. 122, 123 Heaton, Mr. Noel, on Minoan faience, I. 489
232, 418
scroll
20
iii.
343. 35° n- 2. IV. 72, 151, 152, 179
—
Minoan
11.
350 at Zygouries, 11. 20 movable tripod, used in Crete from M.M. onwards, 11. 20, ill. 350 from oval house at Chamaezi, I. 147 from Gournia, iv. 151, 179 from Knossos, I. 390, 551, 571, ill.
778 male attire of, 11. 35 n. 3 Hatzidakis, Dr. Joseph, discoveries in cave of Eileithyia near Knossos, 11. 839 at
Syria,
at Tiryns,
11.
of, stellar
(cont.)
North
343, 350, iv. 180,
M.M.
Ill,
I.
680, 681
on tablets from Mallia, L.M., in. 309, 347, IV. 869
iv.
boar's tusks on, in. 87 n.
i,
688, 867 98, 184, iv.
868, 869 conical, iv.
867
crested, in. 98, iv. 867, 868
horned,
iv.
688-90, 867
leather, iv.
867
peaked,
575
iv.
on L.M. la pottery, in. 309, 347 on silver rhyton from Mycenae, IV.
868
in. 98,
HELMETS Helmets, Minoan
Hierakonpolis (cont.)
(cont.)
— — on seals and sealings, 868 Helot Caste
95, IV.
ill.
575, 867,
known
Knossos,
at
in
classical
Knossos,
hair-offerings to, iv. 477 Herakleia in Sicily, i. 3
— and
in bull-grappling
230, IV. 46 of, ill.
100
Eurystheus, relief of from Hellenika slope at Knossos, 11. 546
— and the Nemean 122 — described by Hesiod, lion, iii.
shield of, 82,
III.
94
Herodotos
i.
cited,
11.
37 n.
2, 51,
II.
from Gournia,
on
ornament,
dagger
from
272
311, 314,
11.
834
n.
i,
ill.
Minoan
Heurtley,
Mr. W.
at
Abydos,
11.
56
742. 743 Hierakari, snake supposed to be eating honeynear, iv. 155
Hierakonpolis, cupped blocks from, figurines from,
11.
34>
11.
14, 15
28, 30
iv.
980, 982
23, 24, 29, 32, 33,
I.
15, 280,
Sumerian chariot
— 190 — sculptures, from Boghaz Keui, —
268
11.
in, iv.
814,
n. 6, IV.
i.
from Mount Sipylos, seals,
11.
275,
ill.
417 I.
14
15 Hofer, Dr. O., I.
on epithet Tauropolos, iv. 45 n. i G., discoveries on Hill of Gypsades, i. 252 n. 3, 11. 135 n. i, 390, 547, IV. 183, 204
Hogarth,' Dr. D.
in Diktaean cave,
i.
444
iv.
171 'Hollow-ways', possibly records of ancient roads,
A., discoveries at Thisbe,
470 n. 7 Heuzey, Monsieur, 11. 46 n. 5 on Chaldaean objects, 11. 27 n. i, in. 423 Hides (of young elephants) worn by youths on steatite cup from Hagia Triada, 11.
— ivory 781 — pottery from,
I.
Ta-Urt
see
contact with,
on 'snake-frames',
III.
comb observed
953
815
82,
n- 3. loi
94 Hetep, Princess, tomb of
origin of, iv. 953
positories, IV. 952,
69
I.
Mycenae,
on sealing from Temple Re-
Hippopotamus Goddess, Hissarlik, see Troy
648 cited,
Minoan
circus sports,
of pottery
on pyxis from Patena, iv. 90 on oil jar from Trypheti, 11. 83 on ewer depicted on tomb of Senmut, Hesiod
at
— dog-headed,
I.
II.
at
952 classical,
524
iii.
89, 168, 191, 242, IV. 536
Mallia,
from Domestic Quarter
854
diffusion of
126, 664, 665,
Heron on fragment 182 Herring-bone
—
14 l.
IV.
Hittite civilization,
recipe, 11. 748 Hermes, statue of on Mount Kyllene, river,
90
11.
Grave at Mycenae, iv. 848 from Zafer Papoura, iv. 865 Hippocamp, boats' prows in shape of, iv. 951,
311, 314,
i.
n. 3, loi
Herbs of Keftiu, mentioned in Egyptian medical
Hermos
of,
IV.
Sedment Minoan tradition III.
n. 2
49
commerce with Orient
faience,
Herakleopolis, see
symbol
44,
— of sword from cemetery 852 — gold, of sword from 5th Shaft
Herakleion, see Candia
as a
11.
Hieroglyphs, see Script
Hieropotamos,
Hilt-plate, crystal,
— Teleia,
feats of.
67, 92,
" 253
45 n. 4
— club
I.
11.
Hierapetra, port of,
259
iii.
Hepseba, tomb of at Assiut, 11. 207 n. 4 Hera, connexion of with Minoan Goddess,
Herakles,
— stone vases from, — tholos 37 near,
period as Mnoia,
IV.
HOMER
[70]
II.
Holy
63
Spirit,
Homer
conceived of as dove,
cited,
230, 566,
—
i.
i.
223
297, 344, 11. 86, 169 n. 2, 39, 78, 120, 184, 395, 431,
9, 10,
III.
IV.
47, 524, 834, 843 description of brooch of Odysseus, iv. 524 corslet sent by King Kinyras, IV. 805 •
cup of Nestor,
iv.
391
Elysion, in. 155 Hector's spear, iv. 843
Knossos,
II. 566, 585 leaping dance of Cretan Apollo,
lion attacking bulls, iv.
537
ill.
77
1
HOMER
HORUS
[71]
Homer, description of (cont.) Minoan works of art, ill.
Horns,
use of in
131, 132, iv. 958,
9S9
sacral, (cont.)
Shield of Achilles,
in
to
of,
741
Snake Goddess on bead-seal, 11. 132 Horns (Syria), trade route to, iv. 771 Honey, offered to dead at Styx, iv. 157
605
n. 2
464
— on L.M. la pottery from Knossos, at
on
11. 469 Beni-Hasan, 11.
on on
—
at
Knossos,
IV.
70,
I.
11.
Horai, regarded as rain bringers,
iv.
263,
i.
Minoan, I. 261, 263, 11. 180, 184 Horns, sacral, from Knossos, S.W. area, Domestic Quarter, E. Hall,
11.
I.
160
814
11.
appearance of in Chaldaea,
first
iv.
— colour of Minoan — introduction of Crete,
frescoes, iv. 829, 830
into
I.
16, n. 244, 576,
577, IV. 827, 828 into Greece, iv. 83
— inventory of on from Knossos, n. 802 — led by grooms on frescoes from Mycenae and Tiryns, 830 — tufted manes of Crete and Mycenae, n. 244, 799, 828, 829 — on L.M. 615 — and Chariots, Riding Horse-sign Linear Script B, 800, 801 — Linear Script B, associated with fodder
I.
576,
11.
336
iv.
in
base-
IV.
sealings, iv.
I.
miniature,
from
Tomb
at
201
tablets
221
II.
IV.
in
11.
Loom Weight
S.E. House,
House,
n. 3, 550,
8io
160 n. 3
525 S. Portico, II. 160 Shrine of Double Axes, Palace walls, in. 84
ment,
Horses,
III.
miniature, from
43
on stone matrix from Siteia, I. 479 on votive tablet from Psychro, I. 633.
di
184
roof terrace of Central Court,
II. 620 rhyton from Mycenae, in. 94 steatite rhyton from Knossos, n. 614,
silver
Knossos,
454
11.
494, n. 134, in.
i.
on shrine from Gournia, I. 508 from Loom Weight basement
Horn-bow, see Bow, composite Horned figures on rock-carvings of Col Tenda, 11. 170 n. 4
Horned ornament, Maltese,
L.M. H,
610
114
11.
pottery,
on 'Ring of Nestor', iv. 951 on seals, I. 708, iv. 211, 449, 455
no as table delicacy in the Levant,
Palace, iv.
752 on sarcophagus from Hagia Triada, 1.438,
Ill
from Caravanserai
from N.W. angle of
altar
L.M. IIU,
snakes, i. 156-8 Honeysuckle, on fresco from House of the
Hoopoe, on fresco in tomb
160,
IV.
in, iv.
in, iv.
11.
11.
on fresco, from Knossos, n. 160, in. 62, 224 in tomb of Rekhmara at Thebes, n.
12
I.
in. 155
508 HomoUe, Monsieur Theophile, on baetyl of
Frescoes,
architecture,
200, 201
— Dorian interpolation Odyssey — mention of Cretan Rhadamanthys, — references riding 830, 831 tumblers
on
76, 82, loi, 131,
iii.
132
Minoan
84
III.
see
435
N.W.
Treasure
of the
in
iv.
in
619
Double Axes,
Temple Tomb,
iv.
in. 153
965
from Majorca, i. 22 from Mochlos, i. 57 from Niru Khani, n. 281 from Palaikastro, n. 568 as mark of divinity, iv. 467 i.
in
Linear
name groups, iv. 711 preceded by saw sign, iv. 798 Hort, Sir A., translator of Theophrastus, in
II.
connexion of with snake frame, sign in hieroglyphic script,
sign, IV. 801, 802 Horse 's-head sign and derivatives Script B, IV. 722, 787, 799-801
iv.
281,
175
iv.
686
in Linear Script B, iv. 682, 683, 686
Horus,
70
n.
4
289, III. 416 n. 2 associated with Ta-Urt,
— — Eye
I.
of, II.
790
iv.
436, 463
HORUS Horus
Human
(cont.)
— — Minoan hair of,
of,
420
ill.
libation vessel associated with cult
as
M.M.
II hieroglyphic sign,
I.
281
on
11.
n.
11.
see
circular
tine,
n.
of, 11.
chapels
height
hut-like, oval,
II.
40
Hut 160 n. 3
n. 2, 518, IV.
39, 40, 131, 369,
11.
417
tower, at
II. 299 Chamaezi, I. 139, 147,
40
11.
n. 2, 518,
11. 40, 299, 562 Gournia, 11. 560-3 in Greece, Minyan, &c., type, apsidal,
11.
near Matium, at
at
11.
dess,
at
Mochlos, I. 70, II. 624, IV. 271 Mycenae, 11. 452 n. i, iv. 553 Niru Khani, 11. 281-5, 567, 683,
relation
iv.
Kadmos'
at Tiryns,
— — at Zakro,
11.
11.
of shells,
161,
11.
838
n.
2
iv.
105,
House-tombs,
II.
85
IV.
IV.
322-9, 360, 891
117-20
241 Hydrias, bronze, from Cyprus,
sign, in
see Burials,
129
Hydra, cornelian bead-seal from, iv. 466 Hydraulics, Minoan knowledge of, 11. 582, in.
II.
Linear Script A, I. 639 House-fronts, votive clay, from temple of Ishtar at Babylon, 11. 372
Minoan
Parva Human figures, not represented on Middle Minoan pottery, I. 605-7
Hu,
III.
of insects, IV. 75 of plants, I. 539,
232, 567, 624
Town-Mosaic
House fagade
-of fish,
739
567
Zygouries,
see
iv.
21
11.
20 Roman, at Fair Havens,
— — and
I.
to Apollo, iv. 421
to Minoan Boy God, ill. 465 Hybrid types in Minoan naturalism,
489, 567, 568
Thebes,
at
II.
at Tylissos,
at
480 Amyklae,
111-15
at Palaikastro,
'of
III.
— grave of — of
552
179
——
343,
Huts, beehive, origin of tholos tombs, 11. 39 Hyakinthos, association of with Mother God-
40 Knossos, see under Knossos Magasa, 11. 18
20, 21,
at
11.
from Latium, 11. 131, 132 from Phaestos, 11. 130 from Sweden, 11. 132
at
at
i8i n. 3
11.
131 n. 3
11.
70s
Cycladic,
at
floor at Phaestos,
Hut-shaped pyxis from Melos, i. 112 Hut urns, from Etniria, 11. 131, 132 from N. Germany, 11. 132 from spring chamber at Knossos,
160 n. 3
IV.
131
11.
Lavinium,
for Sanctuary of Penates at
279 370
rectangular,
Capellae of Lares,
II.
131
II.
I
Roman
131 n. I Hut-circles, Neolithic, near Cairo,
in, 11.
of, II.
672, 680, IV. 74,
I
85
ill.
131 n.
II.
for
11.
central projection of,
I.
Huntsmen, talismanic bead-seals for, iv. 541 Hut, use of term for Curia Saliorum on Pala-
11.
I.
sealings,
577-80
iv.
sealings,
and
seals
462, 493, 497, 500, 522-4, 550, 573, 574,
11.
seals
123,
III.
196, 5x9, IV. 574, 580, 825, 829 on L.M. III6 pottery, iv. 373
— associated with Minoan Goddess, 765 Sikel God Hadranus, 766 — on gem, 610 — on and 274, 764 — types of Egyptian and Cretan, 24 2 — and Dog, Greyhound Houses, African {Mapalid), 39 — Minoan, block system 561, 562 collared,
figures {cont.)
on 'late revival' pottery, iv. 295 Hunting scenes on Mainland frescoes.
19
I.
Hound,
HYKSOS
[72]
see Diospolis
on Melian pottery, i. 607 on L.M. lllb, pottery, iv. 373
IV.
11.
652, 653,
310,440,456
prototypes
of
pottery kraters, Hydrostatics,
L.M.
IV.
Minoan
and
Mycenaean
456
skill in, 11.
Hygieia, hair offerings to,
iv.
462
477
Hyginus, cited, iv. 957 n. i Hyksos, association of with Set, iv. 436, 437 derivation of word, I. 421 dominion in Egypt, I. 300, 420, 421, II. 27
— —
HYKSOS Hyksos
— M.M. — and
Incense-burners from Knossos,
relations with,
see
Hymn
INLAYS
[73]
(cont.)
Khyan, Neb-Khepesh-Re
Incised decoration on pottery,
Apollo cited, 11. 7, 841 Hyperboreans, communication of with Deles, II. 168 to
IV.
109
Indians, American, pictographs of,
I Egyptian Isles of the Blest,
147
58
ill.
from Hagia Triada,
Ingots, bronze,
III.
20, 60, 166,
i.
167 Incised signs on masonry, see Mason's marks Indian Ocean, Neolithic trade of with Mediterranean,
lalu, fields of, in
135, iv. 72,
XXXV
1012 and Coloured PI.
26
I.
11.
II.
535,
569
— copper, from Hagia Triada, from
lalysos, lentoid bead-seal from, iv. 168
624, IV. 652
11.
Tylissos, iv. 652
— L.M. pottery from, 367 currency of Ancient World, — L.M. and L.M. 288, 653 equivalence of Knight's 315. 367 653 — Late Mycenaean, Minas, 662 163 — — vases with from Ras Shamra, 163 782 — cruciform sword from, 853 — represented borne by Minoan envoys on Ibex on Cypriote cylinder nth Dynasty 408 625; on tomb of — on Cypro-Minoan cylinder from Astrakous, Rekhmara, 653 Linear Script A, 662 Ingot 425 — on wall painting tomb of Kenamon Linear B, Thebes, 787, 805 — head on M.M.449 Linear Script B, combined with banner 173 modern ceremony over 661-3 — — Linear Script B, substituted Roman 455 lb
iv.
Ic
lllb, iv.
in
I.
to
in
iv. 35,
votive
100,
IV.
289, 313,
snakes, iv.
cuirass, iv.
iv.
iv.
silver,
iv.
seals, iv.
relief,
11.
sign in
IV.
in
I
pottery,
Ibrahimiovci,
libation
sign, IV.
II.
757
n.
4
4, 10, 61,
and
see
Kamares Cave
tubular
vessels
11.
— — Minoan,
169 n. 2
from
at, iv.
temenos
of
11.
230
48, 50, IV. 428 i.
Iliad, see
2, iv.
26
Homer
Bronze Age (late), Minoan elements in ornament of, II. 198
Illyrian
Image, see Figure Inanna, see Ishtar
422 11.
262, 732,
940
n. 2
26, 54
on on
—
on embroidery
patterns,
11.
frescoes,
— Sumerian, —
iii.
211, iv. 576
pottery, iv. 91-3 11.
262, iv. 236, 315, 509
469-75, 480-2, 11. 732 n. i, 109-11, 399, 405, 409, IV. 92, 928, 930 faience, I. 170, 318, 452, 485, 498-508, 510-
Inlays, crystal,
Iflatun Bunar, primitive stone figurines from,
Ikaros,
III.
731
10
at Isopata,
54, 264, iv.
11.
11.
influence of
166
absence of in primitive snake-cult at Knossos, IV. 158: and see Figures
— legendary grave of
423 evidence
Ill,
638
93 Egyptian,
Idols,
I.
I.
of, ill.
M.M.
IV.
Ideographs, see Script
Idomeneus,
of,
in,
Inlaying, origin of in Chaldaea,
39
Aphrodite Astarte
— documents written
Inkstand, steatite Chaldaean,
Ida in Troad, i. 6 silver workings near, Idalion,
805 Ink, Chaldaean and Minoan use sign, IV.
76,11.85,232,
315. 319. 464 n- 2 of, 11.
for corslet
in
Ibrahim Pasha, blasting of CiUcian Gates by, IV. 766
shepherds
619, iv. 652, 653,
I.
661, 662, 663, in
i.
altar at, iv.
negro troops of, Ida, Cretan Mount, I.
iv.
Script
in
at
11.
I.
11.
535, iv.
I.
III.
12, 521-3, III.
II.
188, 262, 288, 666, 731, 732,
399, 408, 409
IV.
92,
— 295 596 2 455, 887 — 472-5, 484, 496, 92 — Jasper, 829 glass,
II.
ivory,
I.
23,
n. 2,
940 n. i, iv. 227, 454,
n.
11.
IV.
11.
473,
ill.
415
n. 2,
:
INLAYS
ISOPATA
[74]
Ironstone, pavements of, from Knossos {cont.)
Inlays (cont.)
— Ante-room of Room of the Throne, 412, 413, 479, 303, 348, 372, 666, 732 903 — House of the Chancel Screen, 236 395 — on House of the Frescoes, 227, 897 395 — on bronze, 111-33, 848 433 — on — threshold Entrance Hall of E. block 732 — on Corridor, 266 489 — on prohibition of of 412, 413, 303 373, shell,
II.
I.
IV.
stone, IV.
11.
alabaster, iv.
n.
11.
of,
i
steatite, iv.
stone,
ill.
iv.
11.
i.
234,
Minoan, signary of Guild of, I. 483-5, III. 468 Innini, Sumerian Goddess, 11. 266 n. 3 488, 496,
Inscriptions, see Script
M.M.
on
II vase
from Knossos,
i.
240
Ishtar,
on inscribed tablets, i. 280, 11. 533, and see Tablets influence of Assyria on early art of, iv. :
169
associated with
Minoan
i.
664
of,
170 Goddess,
11.
786
frescoes
at
the
11.
in Crete,
746
— lump of from Chamber Tomb Mavro — magnetic, in557Neolithic votive deposit Phaestos, 37 — used Neolithic amulets, 15 — peroxide, perhaps used for purposes, 2 44 — substituted bronze proto-Geometric at
II.
at
i.
as
i.
toilet
n.
in
for
Age,
IV.
10
— pavements Ilia,
II.
of,
used in
M.M.
II
and
M.M.
698, 699
from Knossos, Central Court, Queen's Megaron, iii. 358 S.
Propylaeum,
Room
of
iv.
428
n. i
in.
771 Babylon,
votive
clay
house
fronts
from, II. 372 at Beth-shan, snake tubes from,
iv. 167 snake tubes from, iv. 144 perhaps represented by figure vessel from Mochlos, II. 259 and see Aphrodite Astarte Isis, connexion of with Ta-Urt, iv. 437, 464
at Kition,
—
Isis Pelagia, cult of,
I. 299, 11. 251, 252, 243 connexion of with Minoan Goddess,
II.
843 Cretan cult of surviving in Hagia Pelagia, "• 251, 252 Isis Pharia, see Isis Pelagia
from represented on Egyptian wall-paintings, 11. 166
'Isles of the Sea', tributaries
Ismenion, tomb of at Thebes, pottery from,
376
Ironstone, from Neolithic house at Knossos, II.
IV.
—
11.
depicted on tomb of Men-kheper'ra-senb
II.
468, 476
i.
at
Iron, possibly material of jackal's head rhyton
ore,
838
ili.
— dress 197, 198 — double uraeus 686 — of from Kadesh, 420 — temple of Assur, woman-head cups from,
11.
11.
11.
— descent of into Hell,
iv.
signet
Spelio,
at Byblos,
in Sumeria,
at
11.
relief, 11.
Thebes,
I.
effigy
— on Priest-King 786, 323 — on ring from Mycenae, 786 — on from House of Frescoes Knossos, 454, 464 — Reticulata found 786 at
515
457, 468
iii.
staff of, iv.
Ireland, type of halbert from,
Cretica,
art. III.
n. 3,
11.
of,
11.
266
II.
cult of, IV.
lonians, confederates of Lykians,
Iris,
51, 276,
— afSnity of with Minoan Goddess, 838 with Cypriote Dove Goddess, 406 — Babylonian' type 198 — connexion with cow and 555 — 406
Inventories,
557 Ionian Sea,
I.
calf, iv.
Intarsia, see Inlaying
Ionia,
Minoan
Isdubar, types of in
IV.
Intaglio, see Seal
633
228
III.
Inlayers,
bull-fights by,
Castile,
Isabella
236
Insects,
i,
iv.
iii.
ivory,
n.
11.
11.
Knobbed
11.
II.
136 n. 4
Isodomic masonry depicted on signet from Knossos, II. 188 sealing from Zakro, 11. 188
799
698 Pithos, in. 19, 23
at
vessel from Hal-Tarxien, Troy, 6th City, 11. 188
11.
188
Isopata
L.M. cemetery
at,
i.
298 n.
3, 11.
230, 551
;;
ISOPATA L.M. cemetery
Isopata:
— — connexion
at (cont.)
•
i.
Tomb
229,
of
140 n. 2
iii.
structure of,
at,
Town
730, iv. 845
signet-rings from,
43, 65 n. 5,
11.
771-5, 960
IV.
Gulf of, II. 657 n. 3 Bronze Age in, 11. 428 connexions with Crete, i. 20, 21, 11. 169 with Spain, 11. 170 six- and eight-spoked chariot wheels from,
Issus,
of with Harbour
Knossos, II. 551 swords from,
Royal
IVORY
[75]
compared with tombs at Minet-el-Beida and Ras Shamra, iv. 771-5 arrangements for libations in, iv. 775 Egyptian i8th Dynasty alabaster vases from, IV. 339
Italy,
— —
IV.
797 — halberds from,
Minoan, source
— tinting — tusks
I.
87, 88,
11.
lapis lazuli necklace from,
pottery from,
amphora,
L.M.
640, 786
11.
402
57, 58, in. 270,
116,
11.
11.
75
n. 3, "iv. 300, 302,
307. 315 n. 2, 328, 347; flask, IV. 339 L.M. Ill, IV. 774 stirrup vase, iv. ;
29S> 312 sealings from,
iv.
562
Tomb of the Double Axes, IV. 43.
i.
343, 441,
grave
Axe,
II.
279,
III.
cist in,
279,
cut in shape of Double
278, 279, 285 shrine of Minoan Goddess
11.
bronze arrow plates from, plaques for inlay from, 11. pottery from, L.M. lib,
amphora,
11.
IV.
174 838 262 iv.
iv.
bull's
I.
344
n. 8,
11.
501 incense burners from, gold signet-ring from,
11.
776 764 n.
3,
IV.
iv. 11.
ion 776
n. 2, 789,
68 no. Ia (Isopata), bronze javehns from,
841
Chamber Tomb IV.
881
from Knossos, n. 42
Minoan
tributary
on tomb of Rekhmara at Thebes, 11. 742 use of, E.M. I. 26 axe, from Palaikastro, I. 433 boat, from Zafer Papoura, n. 563 bracelets, segmented, from Knossos, in. 405, 408 box, from Tylissos, i. 482, n, 732 n. i from Enkomi, iv. 533 n. 5 from E. Treasury, Knossos, in. 409 from Tomb of the Tripod Hearth, iv. 302 column, from Mycenae, I. 344 from Spata, I. 342 comb, from Mycenae, iv. 1005 n. 2 from Palaikastro, iv. 1005, 1006 cone, from Hagia Triada, n. 199
—
— — — — —
at
Knossos, in. 34, 207, 399, 401,
428-35
figurine of acrobats,
i.
I.
387, 388
302, 387, 388,
no. V, pottery from, in. 309,
from Ivory Deposit, n.
358, 650, in. 428, 436, 437, IV. 31 of Boy God, probably companion piece to
—
Chryselephantine figurine of Goddess in Boston IV.
Museum, ill.
now
143, 443-52, 454-6,
471
from
built, no. I (Isopata), iv. 775,
Chalcedony bead-seal from,
IV.
fresco fragment
477-9
364
635-7, iv. 353 Mace-bearer's tomb at, mace from, i. 54 n. 3 L.M. Ilia alabastron from, iv. 356
III.
early deposit at Phaestos,
draughtsmen, from Knossos,
utensils from,
Tomb
from
draughtboard, from Knossos,
head rh)rton from, I. 514, III. 195 n. I, IV. 236 Tomb of the Tripod Hearth at, bronze
766,
756
11.
309, 320; ewer, iv. 341, 353
;- steatite
Tomb,
119,
represented borne by
Deposit
299
I.
431
two-handled pedestalled gob-
IV.
silver
from,
in,
153
amber ornaments from,
let
11.
257
of,
742
on
n. 3
640, iv. 299
170, 172
of, in.
of,
II.
carinated bowl of lapis lacedaemonius
from,
11.
Ivory:
S. Crete, iv.
— of children from — of Minoan Goddess,
467-73
Palaikastro, in.
now
446
Chryselephantine,
Boston Museum, in. 438-42, 455, 38; as Goddess of Sports, now in Toronto Museum, iv. Pt. I Frontispiece, in
IV. 28,
IV. 28, 31, 34,
38,472
— primitive Aegean, Anatolian,
iv.
iv.
427
427
from Hierakonpolis, n.
23, 24, 29, 34, 781
IVORY Ivory figurine, primitive (cont.) of 'Libyan' class, from Kalathiana,
Ivory, reliefs (cont.) 11.
80
from Naqada, 11. 32 arm of, from Knossos, in. 433 foot of, from Knossos, 11. 728 frieze, from Menidi, I. 343 from Mycenae, II. 591 n. 3 handles, to E.M. II cutters from Mochlos,
— — —
I.
—
lOI 11.
27,
34,
515, IV. 506
III.
from
Temple
Knossos,
Repository,
496
Temple Tomb,
iv. iv.
1004 190 n.
Hearth,
iv.
804
849, 850
— of sword from MaUia, 273 from Kakovatos, 92 — from Knossos, 472-5, 496, — from Mycenae, 484 — from Phylakopi, 473
in. 11.
415 n.
2, iv.
533
778
139
III.
from Canea
district, in.
125, iv.
462
E.M.
— E.M. — E.M.
n. 763
I,
II,
I.
Ill,
1.
83, 94, 95 15, no. III, 117-25, 120, 165,
n. 24, 55, 80, 199, 201, 217, 362 n. n. I, 742, III. 120, IV. 407, 487, 511
I,
I.
iv.
92
Ill, IV.
i.
in.
IV.
430, 434,
n.
ni.
I,
24,
IV.
i.
from
Palaikastro,
i.
864 pyxis from Menidi,
I.
in relation with
in.
415
IV.
lion, IV.
n.
2
la, lb,
II.
III.
M.M.
510, IV. 241 n. 4
466, 475, 484 488, 538, 658, 659,
II.
III.
764
L.M. L.M. L.M.
iv.
iv.
478-93, 642,
146. 154. 312. IV. 273, 274, 281, 288, 360,
II.
— from Phylakopi, n. 473
II.
L.M. L.M.
lilies, II.
iv.
483
112
Illb,
iv.
in.
i
whorl-shell ornament,
decorative use of (sacral ivy-leaf),
griffin,
II.
728 n.
geometrical type, 11. 489 on pottery of Pueblo and Zuni Indians,
IV.
calf, iv.
crest
11.
112 canopied waz, n. 478-93
in.
II.
at, 11.
IV. Ill,
IV.
— of 533 wing, 415 — of 388, 533 — of cow and 555 — of of plumes, n. 778, — of n. 388 — of helmet, 869 — of 473 — of 533 — of 246 — of Sphinx, 778, 415 — from Arslan Tash, 555 — from Athens, n. 778 — from Egypt, n. 23 — from Knossos, n. 388, 778, — from Mycenae, 869 — from Nimrud, 555, 556
boots portrayed
Ivy, sacral, religious character of,
685
adoption of sphragistic motives on,
bird's
I, IV.
Ivriz, Hittite
IV.
i.
n.
I.
433
pendant, in. 139 pommel of homed sword from Zafer Papoura,
ship,
125,
i.
i.
I.
284
bull,
21, IV. 74,
i.
11.
from Knossos,
III.
II.
I.
i.
I.
sacral,
— M.M. 196, 197, 49, 172, 499, 523 — M.M. 522 — from Central Crete, 165 — from Hagia Triada, no, iii, 120, 522 — from Kalathiana, n. 80 — from Knossos, 196, 197, n. 49, 21, 74, 172, 523 — from Kumasa, 95 — from the Mesara, 117, n. 217, 120, 362 742, 407, 487, 511 — from Mochlos, 83, 94 — from Platanos, 119, 120, n. 199, 448 — from 499 Sphoungaras, 95 55,
n. 2
iv.
reliefs,
113,
I.
ring-bezel,
557
IV.
11.
inlays,
II.
rings,
la,
4, 533,
from Mycenae, in. 61 from Zafer Papoura, in. 415 n. 2 of dagger from Tomb of the Tripod
knots,
iv.
448
— mirror, from Enkomi, hilt
— from Ras Shamra, — from Sparta, n. 246 — from Spata, n. 778, — from Zafer Papoura, seals,
from Gebel-el-'Arak,
knife,
I.
IVY
[76]
in. 415
half-leaf,
Ic, IV.
273, 274, 292, 358 n.
II, IV.
318-22, 749
4
Ilia, IV. 312
combined with Argonaut,
130 naturalistic, n. 486,
two-stalked, iv. 764
488
iv.
;
IVY
JEWELLERY
[77]
Ivy, sacral, (cont.)
Jasper (cont.)
three-stalked, iv. 358 n. 4
on bronze basin from Knossos, II. 642 on fresco from House of the Frescoes, 466, 478 on gypsum lamp from S.E. House,
— —
relics
seals
II.
III.
from E. Treasury, in. 399 and signets, M.M., I. 273, 673 from Arkhanes, in. 418 from Athens, iv. 583 from Crete, iv. 624; Central,
East,
764 from Knossos, in. 116, iv. 405, 492 from Kydonia, I v. 518, 576 from Mirabello, iv. 627 from Mycenae, in. 230, 466, iv. 474,
on 'Ring of Nestor', ill. 146, 154 on pottery from Aegina, iv. 273, 274 from Eski Samsoun (Amisos), iv. 764 from Kahun, 11. 273, 274, 488 from Kakovatos, 11. 484, 486, 487, 488, IV.
374
from Knossos, iv. 319-22, 360 from Mycenae, II. 487, 488, IV. 241
—
n. 4,
321
from from from from from from
—
— 358
Thebes,
11.
iv.
749
iv.
487,
274, 288,
Linear Script B,
11.
n. i,
Jet,
on tablets from Knossos, 11. 484. n. on jar from Asine, iv. 758 Ivy-flowers, on L.M. la cup from Pseira,
— Minoan,
Minoan
Amon
at
tribu-
IV.
125-423
from Mochlos (E.M.
IV.
11.
278
see
under Pottery
JasiU Kaia, Hittite rock carving of at Boghaz
Keui,
II.
275
Jasper chisel. Neolithic, from Knossos, 11. 13, 14 inlays, on lioness' head rhyton from Knossos,
—
829
I.
95-8,
860 reliefs,
525, 526, 547, II. 317, 427, 644, 682, 791, 817, 818, in. 50, 485, IV. 285, 518 funerary, n. 789, in. 144
I.
iv. 36,
influence of
n. i
and
11),
depicted on frescoes and painted
Goddess,
198
Jars, see Pithoi
IT.
870
on chryselephantine
13
Jardanos,
IV.
Thebes,
738; of Men-kheper'ra-senb, 11. 746 Jacob, tribe of, and Hyksos Kings, I. 420 Jadeite Neolithic implement from Knossos, i.
757
11.
II.
II.
III, n.
130
of, II.
Jewellery, Early Helladic, boar's tusks used in,
J
Jahveh,
Amenhotep studs
M.M. la gold pendant with hornets, from Mallia, iv. 75, 76 from Chieftain's Grave at Zafer Papoura,
Jackal-head rhytons borne by
on tomb of User
(Adonis) and Ishtar (Venus) in birth-
i
475
taries
Tham-
previous cult of
cave at Bethlehem, n. 39, in. 476 Jerusalem, revolt of Negro garrison of under
11.
I
31,
840
iv.
St., cited, as to
muz
483, 484
in.
82, IV.
Jerome,
758 on nodules from Hagia Triada,
484
— on Miniature fresco from Knossos, 841 — on from Armoury Deposit, tablets
4 from Vapheio, iv. 273, 274 from Volo, II. 659 n. i
n.
from Naples, in. 474 from Rethymnos, in. 316 from Siteia, iv. 570 from Vapheio, n. 785, iv. 412 weight, in form of lion, from Tell-elAmarna, IV. 530 Javelins, bronze, from Chamber Tomb I A at Isopata, IV. 841
484
Tell-el-Amarna,
n.
sign, in IV.
11. 486, iv. 274 Phylakopi, in. 312 Pontus, 11. 538 n. 2, 658, 659 11.
584
—
Palaikastro,
Pseira,
581
iv.
II.
IV.
— and
of
Minoan
on L.M. ceramic ornament,
316
influen(ied IV.
figure
37
by Sumerian flower types
124-6 (and
cf. iv. 75),
of,
423
see Anklets, Beads, Bracelets, Crowns, Diadems, Ear-rings, Necklaces, Pendants,
Pins, Rings, Seals, Signet-rings
'
1
JEZEBEL Jezebel, in. 61
Kaffirs, parrying-stick
Monsieur Rene, discovery of cupped
Joly,
table
at Mallia, in.
392 Jondet, Monsieur Gaston, discoveries of underwater remains of vast port at Pharos,
Mr.
Piet de, plans, elevations,
and recon-
516, 699, III. 9, loi, 290 discoveries in Mesara, n. 36 n. 5 exploration of transit route, n. 62 II.
Jordan river (Jardanus in n.
W.
Crete),
11.
— papyri from, n. 199 — M.M. polychrome II,
Joseph, Bonaparte,
King of Spain,
bull fights
under, in. 227 n. 3 Jug, see
(Little
of, at,
i.
293, n. 66, 68, 372,
78 Peak sanctuary
i.
141, 151-62, n. 68,
607 Julius Caesar, bull sports introduced by, in. n. 2
— — coins
II.
—
222 n. 5
656
— Prince depicted on Tomb of Menkheper'ra-senb Thebes, 745. — representation of Astarte with side-locks of of,
Hathor
11.
420 Kadishtu, contrasted with Minoan women, at,
in.
61
Kadmeion,
L.M.
Thebes
\a,
li.
484, 485,
574
Minoan road and
settlement near,
11.79 tholos ossuary
at, n. 55, 79, 194 n. 2 gold bead from, n. 194 ivory image from, n. 80
ivory seal from, n. 55, 80 steatite beads from, n. 179 n. 10
ill.
in, IV. 154 n. 2 Kalkani Cemetery, see Mycenae Kallimachos, on Cretan Zeus, i. 153 protest against a mortal God, i. 153, n. 278 Kalochoria, E.M. I, three-sided seal from, i. 68 Kalokairinos, Mr. Minos, excavations of at Knossos, IV. 621
—
•
Kalymna, coin-type of, n. 46 n. 3 Kalymnos, L.M. III6, goblet from, Kamares Cave, Sanctuary of, i. i doves
in, iv.
344
iv.
370
41
bead-seal from, see
L.M.
\b, II.
11. 231 Kalinova, Macedonian snake cult
—
at
i
Kalergos, Alexios,
Kadesh, Battle of, n. 53, in. 87, 103, iv. 796 connexion of with Kef tiu on Egyptian monuII.
146;
Kalathiana,
Mount
K ments,
n.
agate cylinder seal with lion hunt from, IV.
Juno Sospita of Lanuvium, cult of, n. 52 Jus, Monsieur H., Neolithic collection of from Sahara,
462
of Nestor'
iv.
of, II. 793 Juniper wood statue of Hermes on Kyllene, in. 524
II.
'Ring of Nestor' from, see under 'Ring
623, 624, n. 438
Minoan pilgrims' way up, ii. 66, 761, iv. 6 Goddess on L.M. signet-type. Central
229
iv.
424, 478, 486, 488, 489, 510 n. 4, ni. 146, IV. 272, 274, 279, 283, 286 pyxis from, n. 246, 247 III.
838, ni. 468
Shrine, Knossos,
18,
ivory disks from, iv. 242 n. 2
251 n. 2, 38s, 439, 585, 596, 768 sepulchre of Cretan Zeus on, 11. 66, 8i, I.
n. 280 n. 2, 552 I. 212, 370, 602,
arrow heads from, iv. 838 bone plates from, n. 197 faience from, i. 488 n. 3, 489 pottery from,
stone ladles from,
i.
200, 228, 488,
43, in. 14s n. 4. tholos tombs at, n. 43, 364, IV. 243, amber beads from, n. 174
III. 6, IV.
of,
II.
234 Kakovatos, identity of with Nestor's Pylos,
684, IV. 13
•
pottery from,
273
breccia quarries
Juktas)
City of Refuge on,
lb, IV.
Kakon Oros, headland
—
Ewer
i.
Kairatos stream, see under Knossos
mountain, Minoan Southern road near, 11. 68 Juktas Mountain, n. 4, 61, 62, 239, 373, 439, Juktaki
at,
in. 250, IV. 108
— L.M.
278
I
n. 2
266, 291.
131, 266, 270, 290, 296,
structions by,
——
used by, n. 52
Kahun, settlement of Minoan craftsmen
292-7
I.
Jong,
KAMARES
[78]
i.
221,
11.
607, iv. 211,
KAMARES Kamares Cave
(cont.)
E.M.
pottery from,
94
Ill,
i.
no, in,
iv.
n. '3
266, 594,
— tomb — ware,
at,
Kames,
first
II.
Wfeapon
II pottery from,
M.M.
11.
n. 2
507
polychrome 17th Dynasty spear-like
King, of,
264,
184
M.M.
see Pottery,
lb,
420, 712, 720, iv. 842, 843 lead figurine from tholos at, iii. 461 I.
Kanikars, practice of hair-offering among,
476
iv.
Kanli Kasteli peak, 68, 71 n. 3, 73,
fortified settlement on,
^ probable
11.
site
11.
of
74
Homeric Lykastos,
11.
74 Nikephoros Phokas at 11. 79 Geometrical cemetery at, 11. 74 n. 5 Kantharos, metallic type imitated in M.M. fortress of
pottery,
191, iv. 363
I.
— 363 — on talismanic bead-seals, — on coins of Naxos, 447
iv.
iv.
Minoan southern road
frieze
near,
from
11.
80
Kara Euyuk, potsherd from, I. 559 Karakovilia, chamber tqmb at, of L.M. IIIc date, fibulae from,
11.
138, 343 n. 5 L.M. Ill c with proto-
pottery from,
geometric,
135, 137, 138, 343 n. 5, iv.
11.
376
Minoan
11.
41 n.
settlement
2, ill.
seal from,
Karnessopolis, an
at, 11.
Karo, Dr. G.,
iv. 2,
I.
10
Mount
1856,
11.
Kasios), iv.
from Mycenae,
in.
i.
430
I
rhytons from Mycenae,
11.
420
n. 2,
72 n. 4 569 Kastrinos, traditional peasant dance of Candia
on Mycenae Shaft Graves, 239 and passim
IV. xi, xii,
of,
at, I.
district, in.
iv.
75
Katalagari, dancers of, in. 75 Katharo plateau, Minoan road over,
11.
63
Kavusi, slab for games from, in. 391 cupped table from, in. 395
— — Geometric vase from,
iv.
797
Minoan
on tomb of Men-
kheper'ra-senb, n. 166, 535, 648-51, 728, 747; of Rekhmara, n. 116, 166, 226, 534, 728, IV. 329, 653, 753; of Senmut, n. 166, 495. S34. 647. 648, 727. IV. 262, 266, 464, n. 3,
729
880
— borne by, of M.M. Ill type, n. 651 — connexion of with n. 656, 763 gifts
Cilicia,
iv.
with Syria, 11. 656 Keftiu folk, probable identity of with Cretans, 16, 667,
II.
n.
656-8, 734 i6th Dynasty documents, n.
I
8th Dynasty documents, n. 657, 748 Keller, Dr., on four-rowed barley from Swiss 1
gold work from, 11. 450 Kephala, hill of, see Knossos Kephisos river, n. 169 KeramopouUos, Prof. A. D., discoveries Thebes, in. 416 n. 3, iv. 739
Keraton
90 n. 2
work
E.M. ossuary
Kastri,
n. 448
741, 742
inlaid dagger-blade
great
Amen-
Lake Dwellings, iv. 628 Kenamon, tomb of at Thebes, wall-paintings in,
on faience objects from Mycenae,
III.
at in a.d.
315 Kasos, King {Eponymus of
in
118 n. 3
— — on
315
II.
757 Kasos Island, earthquake
748
103
69, 359, iv. 503 early name of Lyktos, I.
Karnessos, see Lyktos
on
III,
— mentioned in
66 n. 2
n. 5
.
hotep
I.
Karnak,
253
Kaselles, see Floor cists
Keftiu, envoys from, depicted
446
Kapaneus, prototype of on Megaron Mycenae, iii. 87
— prism
11.
Kasi, negro garrison of Jerusalem under
Keel-vaulted tombs, see Burials,
silver, iv.
n.
Karpathos, earthquake at in a.d. 1856, at, iv. 26 n. 9 Karteios river, 11. 552 Karydi, mould from, 11. 336
— practice of swinging
bead-seal from,
74
pottery from,
Karidaki,
iv.
781
n. 5
Kapariana,
Karo, Dr. G. (cont.) on grave stelae from Mycenae, n- 3
M.M. I, I. 163, 189, IV. 105, 113 M.M. II, I. 238-9, 247 n. 2, 261,
Kampos, n.7
KERNOS
[79]
Kernos,
altar set
E.M.
up by Theseus
II prototype of,
— from Phylakopi,
in.
393
i.
at
in Delos, in. 74
75
KEROS
KNOSSOS
[80]
Keros, marble image of musicians from grave in, II.
835 n.
I, III.
40
Key:
Kition [cont)
— sanctuary
of Aphrodite Astarte
tubes from,
Minoan bronze, pin
primitive
type,
ill.
12,
212
13, IV.
doorway of
in
N.
later passage over
Lustral basin at Knossos,
ill.
12
from Inner Hall of Temple Tomb, IV. 953 Key-pattern, see
Meander
Khafaje, alabaster votive tablet from,
iv.
810
n.
Chalandriane Khalitu, possible connexion of with Halizones, II.
see
169 n. 2
Khaly-wa, Hittite form of land of the Halys,
Kl5rtemnestra, iv. 26 n. 5 of, by Orestes on gold bead-seal from
— murder Thisbe, — 'tomb of,
ewers from,
i.
82,
11.
12 n. 4
Tomb
of
Men-kheper'ra-senb, at Thebes, 11. 535 Kheta, Hittite country, 11. 657 n. 3 Khet priests of Double Axes, 11. 28 Khyan, Hyksos King, 11. 60, 360, iv. 229 alabastron lid with name of, from Knossos, I. 18, 26, 297, 319, 380, 410, 41622, SS3,
220, 303, 357 n.
II.
IV. 130 Kiev, amber from,
I,
360,
III. 9,
27, 34,
838, in. 73 n. i corslet sent to Agamemnon by, iv. 805
— — connexion 73 — grave
of,
n. I, IV.
11.
with Semitic
lyre,
11.
iv.
flint,
Knos, name
— found in
— found in II.
figurines from, iv. II.
428
of,
11.
13, 14
n. 5
6
I.
Cilicia, iv.
408
inscriptions, near
Korykian Cave,
in territory of Priest-Kings of Olba,
11.
656 Knossians, destruction of Lykastos by,
Knossos (A.
—
its
E.),
11.
74 n.
5
Minoan, &c.:
Tell (Kephala), largely formed by suc-
cessive settlements
onwards,
struction Palace,
at, III.
480
Amy-
Upper
2, 31,
Neolithic for con-
central
of
11.
area
of
Minoan
I.
end of
pass across dorsal ridge of Central Crete, 2, 61, IV.
— terminus
984, 985 of land transit across Crete, in
protohistoric route
— —
Kition, bilingual dedication to Apollo of
from Neolithic times
13, 32-6, 38, 204,
35, 104, 11. 5 importance of as being Northern
and beyond,
Komo
from Delta to Aegean
16-19,
"i4 South Road' followed to on Libyan Sea, II. 60-91,
I.
traces of 'Great
port of
Kithara, see Lyre
i.
59. 566, 690 levelled to
n. i
262
and Resheph Mikal
27, 34, ni. 515,
656
II.
11.
809
— primitive — from,
1004
11.
IV.
ill.
838 Kirkup, flower cone mosaics from, iv. 125 Kish, clay model of primitive Chaldaean chariot IV.
iv.
— from Gebel-el-'Arak, 506 — obsidian. Neolithic, from Knossos, — stone, predynastic, 26
—
837,
403
161, 162,
i.
515, iv. 506
629
403
with Aphrodite,
iii.
i. 496 1004 Knives, bronze, two-edged, from S. House, 11.
Temple Tomb,
Kinyras, Priest-king of Paphos, connexion of
klae
11.
— from Knossos, W. Temple Repository,
Geographical position of, contrasted with hillsites of Troy, Mycenae, Tiryns, &c., 11. 2
174 n. 3
11.
Kilt, see Dress King, Dr. L. W., on cult of Ishtar, iv. 406 n. 6 Kinnor, Semitic lyre, 11. 837, iv. 403 connexions of with Kinyras, m. 73 n.
inlays
515 under Mycenae
11.
Khatti, princes of, as tributaries on
from,
see
from Temple Tomb,
Khandax, derivation of Candia from, 11. 231 Kharshout Chai, river, 11. 169 n. 2 Khasekhemui, tomb of, double spouted copper
of,
iv.
Knife-handle, ivory, with antithetic group from
iii.
169 n. 2
I, IV.
cot from, IV. 166
Klein, Dr. Wilhelm, in. 49 n. i Klftara, cornelian bead-seal from, in. 130
Gebel-el-'Ar£^,
5. 813 Khalandriani,
snake
at,
144; vessel in form of dove-
iv.
150, 151, 226, 685, 759, IV. 6, 203, 596 paved section of Southern road uncovered
outside
Temple Tomb,
iv.
205, 206
— terminal relation to Transit Route explains •
9
KNOSSOS
Knossos (A. E.), Geographical position of (cont.) existence here of unique deposits of Egyptian stone vessels from Late Predynastic times onwards,
64, 67,
I.
16-
11.
and note i seaport and harbour-town at mouth of 31, IV. 980-4, 985
—
Kairatos, E. of Candia,
I.
298, 299,
11.
229-39
— outer
Northern
against
formed by Island of Dia,
gales
298,
I.
238, 239
II.
— Minoan remains on Dia 298 — subsidence of coast on harbour 232, 233 1.297,298) — Eastern haven supplied by Amnisos—Dr. (Standia),
I.
later
side,
(cf.
II.
Marinatos's discoveries there,
and
n.
— further
iv. xi,
1002
313. n. 3
— towards end of M.M. shared by Phaestos, — towards end of347 M.M. 347-64, 260, 632, 633 485, — towardsendofL.M. 872,878,988,989 — end of L.M. 495, 339, 355, 356, 942 — in time of Nero, 289, 673 — in June 1926, 2 — in February 1930, 2 II,
11.
Ill,
ill.
11.
IV.
la, IV.
at
II, iii.
a.d. 66,
iv.
iv.
11.
iv.
— exceptional
iv.
liability
of district to, noted by
213 and n. 2 of decreased humidity of
geologist, Raulin,
Evidences (due to
11.
recession
deforestation):
site
of
Minoan springs, 11. 463 retreat to hills of some plants depicted on Frescoes, &c. ;
(e.g. wild-roses), 11.
ance of water-lily, Fortification of,
463, 464; disappear-
I.
(Gypsades
Hill), 11.
— quarries, ancient, openings — slabs with bull-grappling
547 seqq.
of, iv.
192
by Knossian master from 'Atreus' fagade, Mycenae, probably from this source, iv. 192, 193 pillars and door-jambs of Minoan House reliefs
—
(cont.)
native marauder for wine-making,
Trade
41 n.
of, 11.
11.
by
769 n.
4, 168, 280,
548
i
— corn, 629, 630 — 630, 716 425, 453, 458-62, — 881 214, — with Egypt, 226 Roads: — Great South, above — Western, 60 — South-Eastern, 62 — South-Western, 76, — Juktas, 761 — Kom6, 984 — Mesara, 78 — port of Niru Khani, 552 — Phaestos, 78 — to Trullos, 68 — 78 — Palace ('Royal Road'), 514, 533. 572. 574. 576. 578 — over Viaduct, 99 — on bank of Kairatos, 553 — North of bridge, 152 — from Bridge Porch, 61 363. 759 — Entrance, 56 — to Harbour Town, 230 — between Palace and Arsenal, 155 — near Ariadne, 154 — to S.W. 165 — to W. Entrance, 165 — State approach from North and West, 572-87 — from Theatral Area 60 — near House of High 203 IV.
in
oil,
IV.
I.
in pottery,
iv.
11.
56, 61, 192,
see
iv. 50, 54, 59, 11.
77, 81,
11.
to
II.
to
IV.
to
66,
11.
11.
to
11.
64,
II.
to Siteia,
11.
to Little
11.
11.
98,
right
11.
11.
151,
to S.
to
11.
et seq.,
152, 155, IV.
11.
11.
153, 154,
Little
11.
Villa
11.
angle,
11.
11.
11.
to Little Palace, iv. Priest, iv.
Water-supply,
141-3, 225-30, 327, 333, 334, 363, 396, 400, II. 66, 119, 120, III. 492 conduits, 11. 461-3, iii. 252, 492, 494 1.
— — water 388 — water channels, 119 — springs, 705, 752, — 3,15 — tank. 243 — 146, 547, 576, 18 254-6, — foot-washing basin of shafts,
ib.
139, 141, 393, 398, il. 372, 553. 554. 613, HI. 6, iv. 50-9, 77, 79 Gypsum formation underlying part of old site
Gypsum
(excavated by Dr. Hogarth) removed
to
i
maritime facilities afforded by Minoan harbour of Niru Khani, 11. 251, 280, 281 Earthquakes at, 11. loi, 214, 286-9, 312-25, IV. 58; rough chronological table, 11.
town
Knossos,
II.
shelter of port
299,
KNOSSOS
[8i]
ill.
11.
11.
cisterns,
IV.
iii.
376
ill.
III.
wells,
II.
III.
171 n.
2,
IV.
Caravanserai:
elaborate arrangements for supply, wasteducts,
and drainage,
11.
11 6-1
—
:
KNOSSOS
—
tapering
pipes,
motion,
to
141-3,
I.
shooting
secure,
252,
111.
(b)
253.
Minoan fountain or jet d'eau on painted fragment. House of the Frescoes hydraulic adaptation unknown elsewhere over a millennium
later, 11.
253, 254,
460-2, III. 254 (with Coloured PI. XXII). (c) runnels down flights of steps with parabolic curves to retard flow at turning-points,
M.M.
239-44: (East Bastion),
III.
Stepway Domestic
(S.
243
III.
III6),
III.
Theatral Area,
down
248-57:
M.M.
of settling basins,
Knossos Town,
ill.
Ilia,
{d)
Qr.,
steps of
System
243
early
Primitive Settlement (from Neolithic times
onwards), favoured by natural opportunities offered on land and sea (hunting, &c.),
fishing,
important
11.
2 seqq.
article of food,
;
11.
shell-fish
an
10
Original settlement at low level, 'Tell' gradu-
up,
33 seqq., 11. 2 seqq. antiquity of earliest Neolithic settle-
ally built
Remote
I.
ment; chronological data supplied by stratification,
Of
natural growth
I.
33, 35 not, as Troy, Tiryns, &c.,
appendage to an acropolis, Stratigraphy,
I.
11.
2, 3
28-30, 33, 235, 240, 241, 287,
317, 318, 320-2, 346, 351, 374, 375, 410, 411,418, II. 6. 18, 105, 107, 120, 142-53,
161-5,
288-311,
219,
327-31, 334-6,
349-53. 366-70, 373-6, 380, 381, 395, 396, 402, 404, 414-19,433-7,514-27,545, 547. 553. 587. 592. 610-14, 619, 661-7, 672-4, 679, 688-92, 701, 714-16, 75961, 798-806, 810-12, 818, III. 1-25, 146 n. 3, 161-6, 248-51, 255, 262-8, 271-6,
:
KNOSSOS Knossos Town, Court,
early, Neolithic Strata {cont)
II.
9-21, 129, 360, 560,
982, 983 Neolithic houses, fixed hearths
IV.
in, 11.
123,
21
Knossos Town, Middle Minoan Houses,
M.M.
I,
148
— under W. Court, M.M.
i.
146, 172, 186-9,
^i-
366
\a houses beneath Koulouras:
House A, House B,
IV. 66, 67, IV.
79-84
69-74, 79-84. 88, 89, 93, 94,
109, 223
House C, IV. 85 Middle Minoan III City as represented by 'Town Mosaic', i. 301-14; perhaps fortiMosaic houses, twoI. 303-7, and 226 their windows of 4 to 6 panes,
fied,
II.
370, 372;
storied,
with roof-room,
Fig.
;
with scarlet filling, I. 303-6, 11. 370, ill. 85-8 timbering and beam ends visible, ib.\ street fronts and tower houses, ib. ;
and II. 370 Massive walling of M.M. Ill date on East bank of Kairatos, II. 513, 514
M.M.
Ill House of the 'Fallen Blocks', 296-300, and of the 'Sacrificed Oxen',
283, 300-2, 305-10, 312, 355 n.
I,
11.
11.
418,
753,781,111. 189, 517 n. 2 Extension of Town at beginning of Middle
Minoan Age, 11. 366-73 Knossos Town, Late Minoan Its wide extension evpeia Kvcuaos,
11.
559-
66 Central Residential Quarter (with Palace),
11.
560-3 Poorer outlying zone {irpodareiov), II. 562-3 Western extension of town with later Acropolis height, II. 546, 547 Southern extension of town with hill of Gypsades and Kairatos gorge about Temple Tomb (packed with large
280-1, 324, 326, 331, 332, 356-61, 366-9, 374-7. 399-401. 405, 482-94, IV. 3-5, 50-74, 77-9, 205-7, 260, 380-1, 620,
mansions), 11. 547-51, iv. 204, 205 Eastern extension on both banks of Kairatos,
621, 630-3, 639, 872-3, 878-9, 902, 973,
Plan of
1016 i.
13,
34
et seqq., 56, II. 4, 5,
7-21, 129, 146 n. 3, 366, 560, IV. 54, 982 by Stepped Portico, 11. 146 beneath Theatral Area, iv. 59
Upper
" 552-3 showing extension of remains, 547: and see iv. 204 n. i, 205 Northern extension to Zafer Papoura Cemesite
facing
Neolithic Strata,
•
:
[82]
Knossos, Water supply (cont.) evidences of advanced hydraulic knowledge: (a) terra-cotta sections of water
till
—
Neolithic houses under Central
tery,
II.
II.
550, 551
Harbour Town,
11. 153, 167, 229-39, and Plan opp. p. 230, 453, IV. 7, 35, 36 remains from, 11. 87 n. 2, 201, 206,
:
:
KNOSSOS Knossos Town, Late Minoan, Harbour
Town
(cont.)
Knossos Town, Late Minoan, Houses near (cont.)
239, 235-8, 254-6, 566,
138, IV. 129,
III.
193, 248, 422, 498 Rough estimate of population,
11.
forestation, II. 565 OriginaUty of design in houses, Late Minoan Houses Little Palace,
I.
— W. of Palace, 366, — N.W. of Palace, 149, — of Palace,
11.
S.
20 n.
i,
151, 243, 244, 262 n. 3, 323, 342, 358 n.
E.M. HI palace
— direct M.M.
408, 415, 447, 513-44, 551, 577, 627, n. I, 789, 814, 820, III. 247, 254, 316, 340, IV. 150, 215, 216, 328, 490, 534, 599,
610, 611, 626, 827, 828
324, 373, 393, 396,410, 413. 525 n. 2, 551, 586 n. I, 627, 674 n. i, 11.
HI. 64, 65, 321, 374, IV. 205, 206, 329,
211, 253, 287, IV. 6, 140 Frescoes, 11. 20 n.
House of the
I,
n.
I,
House
relation with Egypt, iv.
Priest, iv. 202-14,
291
11. 299, 356, 375. 391-S. 404. 679 n. 2, IV. 205 S. House, II. 44 n. 4, 161, 165, 323 n. i, 373,
374. 376. 378-87, 389, 390, 449 n. I, 570, 629, 633, III. 13, 280, IV. 87, 212 n. 4,
727. 937. 993 S.E. House, I. 344, 345, 370, 371, 404, 4257. 429. 435. 509. "• 324. 391. 480, 5i4n. 2,
586 n. I, III. 244, 510, IV. 212 nn. 4, 291 n. i S.W. House, II. 672, III. 88 N.E. House, 11. 356, 414-30, 586 n.
i
and
and recesses of fa9ades compared
M.M.
lb palace at, i. 149, 11. 201, 367, 589, 666, 667; fortified character of, iv. 78
i, iv.
in,
I.
148
illustrates theocratic position of ruler,
276 predominance
of,
in the Island, iv. 78
cause of destruction
M.M. n,
666
of, 11.
catastrophe at end of,
trophe,
II.
43, 287, 300, 349,
III.
M.M.
III6
348,
'Great
III,
13, IV.
14, 162,
Rebuilding',
— earthquake end 260, 632, 633 485, — expansion oversea, 287
'The Unexplored Mansion', 11. 542, 543, 545 Houses near S.W. Palace Angle, 11. 390 iii.
311,
at
of,
11.
347-65,
ill.
IV.
11.
L.M. \a only
partial
break in continuity
625-7
in, II.
— reconstruction of Palace 360, 366, 518, 874 564, 565, 626, 8io, — continuous occupation from, of L.M. 291 — earthquake end 872, 878, 988, 989 in, II.
IV.
III.
at
of, iv.
lb restoration of Palace, after earthIV..
339, 873, 878, 879
— new dynasty established. 308, 786, 883 — introduction of Linear Script B, 308 — centre of marine of ornament, 507 — processional schemes decoration 881 720, — growth of Sacerdotalism 882 IV.
III.
138 et seqq.,
369,
11.
873
ill.
style
11.
411, 552,
I.
553. 591-2. II- 219, 287 M.M. IHa restoration of palace after catas-
quake,
390 630-2
149, 150, 155, 156
S.E. Palace Angle,
203
to close
11.
iv.
I,
rounded angles
L.M.
11.
Age
268-9
II, IV.
261, 638
S.
11.
486
301, 996 of the Chancel Screen,
— S.E. of House, — S.W. of S.W. Treasury,
984
with bastion walls of Sendjirli,ii.269,27o
114, 116,
306
N.W. House, 11. 415, 627 House N.W. of S. House,
I. 4, 5 26, 103-7, 107-48, 165
II.
i,
254. 347. 348. 363. 364. IV. 116, 260, 291
House of the High
I.
la epoch of oriental influence.
— bays
44,
359. 361, 362, 366, 367, 378, 431-68, 477. 478, 5°o. 5°7. 565. 755. "i- 44. 211, n.
at,
insulae in,
III.
562, HI. 282, 283
of, 11.
of Palaces begins,
70, loi, 105, 109-20, 124-
39. 343. 373. 565. 627, 684, 718,
204
351, 352
674
11.
431, 432
loi, iv.
religious character of,
2,
353. 974 Caravanserai,
334 11.
compared with Mycenae and Tiryns,
m. 11.
11.
74,
I.
Knossos, Palace regular planning
564, 565
329, 344,401, 425,
Royal Villa, 1.404,
iv.
11.
I.
563, 564 Signs of timber shortage: symptom of de-
'
KNOSSOS
[83]
215, 269
11.
in
II.
IV.
in, iv.
of,
:
:
KNOSSOS
Knossos, Palace, LsM. lb (cont.) expansion of dominion, in. 307, 308, ' IV. 885, 887 evidences of renewed intensive influence of Knossos on Mainland and Aegean
— —
side, see
under Pottery
— Egyptian influence redecoration of L.M. — — bureaucratic and353 dynasty, 785, 786 — Egypt,
Palace, iv. 291
affluence of,
iv.
character
military
of
iv.
relations vyith
Greece,
iv.
and
fire at
end
in. 495,
of,
339. 355. 356, 942-4 continuity of culture
IV.
L.M. Ilia
iv.
at,
356, 373, 944, 946 {and see under Pottery) general absence of inscribed tablets in,
— 737 — removal of government from,
iv.
945 and Cretan
with Sub-Minoan proto-Geometric see under Pottery. Ic
:
Sub-Minoan
of
dereliction
346, 627 E. Bastion, I. 360, 365,
site,
11.
345,
I.
579-80,
119 n.
11.
379,
2, in.
233-
245, 384
III.
Causeway from Theatral Area towards North
—
Pillar Crypt, in. 161
i.
206, 351, 362-5,
367. 379. 380, 386, 394, 415, 431, 434. in. 209, 210, 233, 234, 266, 268,492, 494,
West,
85
29, 34, 191, 207-9, 522,
I.
366, 609-22,
Ill-
2,
734
n. i,
IV.
285,
485,
873 Corridor of the Painted Pithos, 383. 387 Corridor of the Draughtboard,
i.
387, 388,
Corridor of the Labyrinth Fresco, in. 263, 328 Corridor of the Sword Tablets, II. 331, iv. Corridor of the Stone Basin, in. 7 Corridor, n. 624, 716, 718, in. 412, 630, 631
49, 61, 222, 223 Proto-palatial, iv. 50, 54
i. 204-6, 317, 327, 355, 385, 59 n. I, IV. Ill, 873 Drainage System, I. 141-3, 225-30, 287,
II.
327. 333-5. 363. 378-80, 386,400, n. 119, 120, 124, 126, 161, 299, 366, 376, 415, III. 5,
IV-
241, 246-52, 286, 374,
65, 93, 211, 365
— roof drainage, 333 — drain heads, 378, 379 — 228, 229, 333, 334, I.
latrines,
141,
i.
I.
336, n.
385, ni. 387, 388
N. Entrance Passage,
I. 141, 206, 364, 385405, n. 348, 356, 452, in. I, 158-91, 244, IV. 3, 7, 8, 10-16, 228, 537, 568, 698, 827, 874 N.E. Entrance, i. 212, 386, 387, 391-8, n.
716, 782
N.W. Entrance and
Porch,
I.
211, 215-18,
318, 320, 323, 325,
III, 3, 7,
II,
13. 14. 15. 223,
W.
875 Entrance and Porch, 660-85,
1.
203, 206, 214-15,
244, 360, 361, 396, IV. 3, 6, 56-60, 873, 879, 893, 894 S.W. Entrance and Porch, n. 161, 349, 684
424,
351, 384, ni. 286, 316, 48s, 488 I. 330, III. 286, 353
Dog's Leg,
I,
N.W.
405, 422-3, n. 365, 588-608,
264
Corridor of the Bays,
59 n.
Entrances: 333, in.
I.
in. 252
IV. 76,
II.
n. 2, 365, 366, IV.
350
III.
i.
215, n. 161,
i.
165, 333. 350. 354. 679. 682-5,
Long
388 Court of the Stone Spout,
399.405.
Corridor of the Procession, 735. 736, 751. 758.
20, 123, 786, 879 n. I, 933, 936, 982, 983 Distaffs, i. 334, 355, in. 297,
Court of the
543, 576,
W.
Porch, n. 672 Corridors in
I. 287, 393, 422, 423, 11. 5, 59, 332, 366, 560, 664, 679, 685, 761, 795-826,
Great Cutting,
II.
44, 262, 264
Bath-rooms,
Central,
IV. 20,
IV.
L.M.
758-95, IV. 874 East-West, i. 327, 346, 349, 355, 356, 360, 367, 368, 384, in. 234, 262-72, 318, 319, 412, IV. 878
in. 2, 4, 5, 15-17, 33, 34, 164, 185 n. I, 327. 332 n. 4, 489, 490, IV. 7, 13, 18,
986, 987
852, 853 oriental influence on, iv. 398 iv.
— earthquake
Knossos, Palace, Corridors {cont.) South-North, n. 165, 328, 353, 685, 690,
Other corridors, I. 203, 11. 349, 662, 663, 668, 669, 676 n. I, 816, in. 65, 165 Courts
on, iv. 880
II
—
KNOSSOS
[84]
II.
III-
n. I, 696, 759, IV. 3,
I. 2,
225
KNOSSOS
KNOSSOS
[8s]
Knossos, Palace, Entrances S.E. Entrance,
Knossos, Palace,
(cont.)
Crypts
Pillar
(cont.)
329, 355 S. Entrance and Porch, 1. 104, 127, 131, 164-
religious significance of,
II. 59 n. I, 289, 363, 758252, IV. 6, 215 E. Postern, i. 360, 365, iii. 233-44
below columnar Halls, i. 442, 526, 11. 817, 818, 820 of Palace: Monolith Pillars, I. 145, 146,
5,
I.
206, 209, 215,
60,
III.
Gates:
I.
II.
4,
322, 332,
283
III.
587, 588, IV. 74, 86,
Water
gate,
Sea gate,
i.
206,
I.
328
III.
734 — Northern, 414, 415, — Eastern, 809 — South-Eastern, — South-Western, 11.
141, 206, 396, 398, 404, IV. 8
Halls:
I.
Great E. Hall, 524, 546,
782, 785,
II.
248, 318, 322-3, 360-89, 161 n. I, 333 n. I, 356, 680, I.
30, 189, 410, 481, 525, IV.
III.
7, 10, 169, 285, 365, 599, 6i2, 874,
N.E. Hall, IV.
I.
928
288, 352, 362, 363, 386-91,
397
N.W. Sanctuary
Hall,
11.
603, 604,
III.
81-
106, IV. 299, 315 n. 2, 325, 342, 359, 360 Hall of the Double Axes, I. 328-30, 333,
in. 161
11.
196,
11.
666
n. 2
iv. 3
of Royal Villa, of S. House,
324, 406, 408, iv. 974 386, IV. 212 n. 4
11.
II.
of S.E. House,
324, 514 n. 2, iv. 212 n. 4
11.
House N.W. of S. House, 11. 390 of House of the Chancel Screen, 11. 393 of Temple Tomb, iv. 212 n. 3 of
Porticoes and Propylaea:
336, 337. 343. 346, 351. 364. 384. 394. "•
Stepped Portico, 11. 2, 61, 93, 141-66, 365, 632, 684 n. r, 685, 758, 792, III. 168, 322,
109 n- 3. 349. "I- 234. 254. 255. 283, 2904, 318-48, 351, 352, 372, 383, IV. 888,
N.E. Portico,
889, 935; restored. Coloured PI. III.
XXIV,
opp. p. 346
Hall of Distaffs,
I.
355. 384.
"
400, 401,
IV.
Tri-Columnar
i.
327, 328, 335, 344,
n- I. "I- 317, IV.
674
Pillars,
13 Hall,
I.
597
393, 396, 398,
I.
393. 423. 450. "• 145. ™- 615 Light-wells and areas, I. 328, 330, 11. 107, 290, 327, 517, 775, III. 330, 376, IV. 3, 922 Lustral Basins, Northern, 11. 303, 320, 331, 348, 349, III. 8, 9, 12
North-Eastern,
North-Western,
iv. i.
229 217, 218, 405-10,
418, 422, 423, II. 697 n. 2, IV. 13 South-Eastern, I. 575, 11. 330, 331 of Throne Room, I. 422, iv. 908, 92834.
937
of Little Palace, of S. House,
of
House
11.
520
II.
331, 378, 379 of the Chancel Screen,
Pillar Crypts:
windovsrless
and
lamp-lit,
11.
323
11.
393
143,
272, iv.
iii.
i.
632,
IV. 8, Ji.
235
31 n. III.
i,
162, 332,
4, 280, 516,
Quarters and Areas: Insula,
N.E. Insula, 393-4,
III.
11.
605, in. 1-28, 37-8
I.
288, 352, 362-3, 386-91,
234 385-404
i.
S.E. Angle,
127, 136-9, 141, 142, 148, 203,
11.
353, 590, 686-718, 735, IV. 3, 6, 225, 873, 896
N. Quarter,
633. 728 et seq. Northern Pillar Hall, in. 164, iv. 8
272-4,
III.
Propylaeum,
N.W. i.
386,
I.
538 S.
442, 526, 11. 350, 712, 716, 718, 816-18, III. 2, 485, IV.
Early Keep,
849, 873
E. Portico, 328, 329
Hall of Colonnades,
Hall of the Eleven
IV.
207, 573-7,
i,
124 S.W. Angle and Basement, 326-46, 365,
11.
289, 291-6,
III.
I.
554-6,
iv.
256,
291, 299, 344, 355, 360, 366, 593,, 594,
734
N.W. N.W.
Angle,
iv.
Border,
200
iv.
305, 307, 319, 339 E. Central Enclave, I. 206
E. Quarter,
W.
iv.
Quarter,
445-8,
II.
I.
369, 889 4, 139,
363,
666,
318, 394, 422-30, III.
313, 314, IV.
213. 3°5 S. Front, 11. 348 Area of Daemon Seals, iv. 451, 452, 598 Domestic Quarter, i. 204, 205, 226-7, 31618, 322-3, 325-67. 384. 385. 393. 485. "• 59 n. 1, 160, 331, 332, 410, 619, 650, 765, 778, III. 31, 34, 44, 62, 282-98, 301-4,
:
KNOSSOS
KNOSSOS
[86]
Knossos, Palace, Quarters and Areas
(cont.)
383. 399. 401-3. 405, 481, 492, 517, IV. I, 6, 343, 441, 681,
313.
381,
374.
353.
Knossos, Palace (cont.) Shrines and Sanctuaries Shrine of the Double Axes,
Initiatory Area,
303, 320,
217, 405-13, 422, 575,
I.
III. 8,
283,
IV. 13,
11.
229, 423, 648,
179, 406, 429, 699 Central Shrine, i. 425, 463,
463,
935
Loomweight Area,
i.
248-70, 301, 316, 317,
327. 351. 360, 368-70, 201, 622 Spiral Fresco Area,
23s Theatral Area, 578-88, 617,
I.
I.
II.
493,
207, 398, 401, II. 119 n. 2, 161, 246, 247, 249, 250,
III.
n.
Workmen's Quarter,
365, 366, 387
i.
iii.
332,
336,
804,
761,
806,
80.8,
IV.
808, 809
iii.
Queen's Megaron,
48, 51,
11.
780
596 Shrine in Little Palace, 11. 342 Shrine in connexion with Room of the Throne, IV. 910, 920, 935 et seq. Sanctuary quarter near Central Court, 11.
395. IV. 18, 50, 53, 54
Threshing Floor Area, i.
109
11.
IV. 161,
Small columnar shrine in Central Court,
IV. II, III,
212, 369, 370, 411, iv.
IV. 24, 175,
576,
i.
326-46, 705,
n. 3, 145, 283, 292,
853. 854. 873. 877. 882, 889, 956
in spiral Fresco Area,
37, 38, 59
in
347. 354-96, IV. 6, 242, 243 n. 888, 893
i,
874,
N.W.
insula,
iii. 2,
i.
212
4, 30, 42, 44,
46, 106
210, 211, 319, 327, 330-
337. 346, 355. 543. 544. 55°. "• 332, 507. "I- 44. 70, 71. 208, 281, 293, 327,
and see E.
3.
Hall,
N.E. Sanctuary Hall,
N.W. Sanctuary Hall Snake-Room in house near S.W. Treasury House by west wall of
Rooms
Palace, IV. 138,
139. 143, 158-61, 1014
Rooms,
Pillar
I.
139, 145, 146, 218, 425,
East,
350 South- West, IV. Pillar Ciypts above
262:'
3, 4,
570, 580, 596, 704 Room of the Column Bases,
and
Knobbed
Service,
308, 332 20, 23,
Room of the Stone. Drum, iv. Room of the Stone Pier, i. 366,
333-5, 355 iii.
204
925 367,
11.
357
iii.
271
268, 269
II.
2, IV. 6,
341, 786
335, 355, in. 298 811, III. 275, 276, 279, 280, I.
IV.
261,
11.
802, 812, 815
South-East,
II. 290, 326, 328, III. 413 East of Theatral Area, in. 248-51 Throne Room System, iv. 903, 922
South-North Corridor, 11. 760 below S. Porch, i. 104 from upper East-West Cot'ridor, i. 346, in Domestic Quarter, in. 245, 246, 263 'Throne Room' System, i. 4, 5, 139, 207, 217, 405, 410, 422, 424, 425, 485,
School-Room, I. 365 369, III. 315 Sculptor's workshop, i. 366, iii. 269, iv. 594, 727, 896, 897, 900 Vat Room i. 165-72, 175, 177, 186, 199, II.
325-6, 328,
I.
to
i.
Room of the Stone Vases, 11. 525 Room of the Wooden Posts, i. 360,
93,98
760
291, 878 Central,
i.
297, 298, 404, IV. 925 Room of the Stone Drain-heads,
424, 463, 479, 487, 490,
East,
iii.
of the Stirrup Vases, iv. 736 of the Stone Bench, i. 335, 336,
I, III.
11.
337-42, 346, 351, 394, 408, II. 328, 348, III. 284, 286, 287, 299-301, 319, 321, 482,
534,
352
11.
Pithos,
25-8, 360 of the Plaster Couch,
Room Room Room
see
4 Grand, of Domestic Quarter,
485, 488 n. 11.
of so-called Kaeveiov, of the
steps,
n.
II.
Room of the Archives, ill. 316, 474, iv. Room Room
Staircases
normal height and tread of
463, 464
n.
:
:
666, IV. 85, 88,
II.
116, 224,
332, 353. 356, 395 n- i. 502, 676, 679, 716, 785, 812, ni. 4, 15, 280, 338, IV. 48, 92, 277, 309, 414, 749, 877, 883, 888, 893,
903-8, 920-7, 934-8 Treasuries and Stores: E. Treasury in Domestic Quarter, III.
11. 765, 297, 397-435, 437, IV. 20, 31, 482
:
KNOSSOS
Knossos, Palace, Treasuries and Stores (cont.) Treasury of Tri-Columnar Hall, 11. 712, 809, 820-6,
III.
'Lair' (so-called)
Quarter,
i.
4, IV. 633 Store-room in Domestic iii.
335, 337,
Central Treasury,
397, 399-412
420, 537, 655, 830,
11.
IV.
727, 777 Treasury of Lustral Area,
i.
Treasure House to N.W.,
11.
410
76, 99, 130, 136, 300, 339 n. 5, 343, 727 Repositories, i. 452, 454, 463-85, n. 9, 188, 288, 309, 360, 364, 396,
421. 453. 469. 476, 502, 540, 615 n. 2, 633. 699, 7S4. 831, 832, III. 4, 128, 218,
277,431, 440,465, 503, 503, IV. 26 n. 3, 32, 81, 94, no, 118 n. I, 199, 507, 552, 563, 567. 570. 591. 660, 718, 952, 1013, 1014 Magazines, anticipated by Neolithic store-
rooms,
II.
18
— I-HI, 664 — V, 230 — VI, 356 — Vni, 669, 671 — vni-x, 648 — X, 356, 626 — xni, 599, 604, 209, 224 — XIV, 356 — XV, 438, 706 — XVIII, 358, 280, 264, 265 — 663, 664 — of Knobbed 206, 231 362, 363 — of Medallion 211, 317, 318, 320, 321, 323, 374, 485 — Royal Pottery 231-47, 391, 552-90, 277 — Royal Magazines, 323, 382-4, 286, 231 — Magazine of Lily Vases, 317, 331, 822 245, 246, 385 — Magazine of Arsenal, 50 n. I
II.
III.
II.
IV.
"
IV.
IV.
II.
33, 61, 62,
III.
II.
IV.
II.
650,.
III.
Proto-palatial,
Stores,
I.
n. I,
III.
ill.
I.
IV.
11.
I.
III.
.
11.
n. 2,
155, 578, IV. 173, 615, 617, 668, 669, 789, 836,
840
91, 568-71,
288, 352, 362, 363, 386-
i.
II.
288, 419,
III.
638
— 264, — South-East, East,
III.
11.
609, 610,
IV.
II.
634, 664
519, 554
277
n. I, IV.
66 580,
6,
n. 2, 365, 366, IV. 61.
350
III.
224 n.
II.
I.
63, 64, 102, 104, 1x8, 119, 126, 128
— South-East, 106 2 — of Theatral Area, 580, 54.66 — of Old N.W. Court, 63 n.
IV.
iii.
11.
247,
iv. 53,
iv.
and Kaselles under S. Propylaeum,
Cists
690, 699, 701,
11.
702, 712
West,
236, 448-64,
I.
632 North-West,
11.
in
33, 162, IV. 630,
III.
616
of Central Court,
808,
11.
House of High
iii.
Priest, iv.
Hieroglyphic Deposit,
4 211
271-86,
I.
268,
11.
453. IV. 115, 400, 474, 488, 571, 627 Viaduct, II. 61, 96, 102, 141, 148
Walls,
78
127-31,
I.
III.
210
Modern in
II.
59 n.
I,
290, 613, 614,
n. 2, 234, 235, 263, IV.
and
:
see
50-9, 77,
Mason's Marks
reconstitution in,
11.
Tri-Columnar Hall,
in S.E. Angle,
11.
in Theatral Area,
21-3, in. 289 11.
350
328, 330 11.
581
in
W. Wing,
in
Throne Room, iv. 48, 908 Double Axes, in. 318-
I.
III.
— North-East,
650
— by Royal Road, 577 — of N.E. House, 417 'Kouloutas', purpose — of W. Court, 207, 318,
et seqq.,
I.
Pithoi,
n. 4,
I. 117-21, 172, 449-62, 618-22, 630-3, 635, 639, 640, 647, 648,
11.
Pithoi,
Stores,
(cont.)
— W. Magazines,
IV.
III.
II.
and
Treasuries
Palace,
Magazines
of, iv. 63, 65,
Temple
179
Knossos,
11.
427, 471, 473, 570, 589, 616-22, 637-48, 779, IV. 50,
II.
KNOSSOS
[87]
350
11.
in Hall of the
48 Knossos, Greek settlement
at, 11.
349, 432, in.
190 leaden
sling bullets from pit near Shrine of the Double Axes attributed to
Achaean invaders, 11. 344-6 Geometric period, town at, i. 404, 154,
III.
— coin-types — 'House of
11.
125 n.
2,
171 n. 2 of,
I.
359,
IjLhea' as
330
ill.
name
of Palace
Greek, temple near S. Propylaeum, 346, 712 of Apollo Delphinios,
of Rhea,
i.
344,
iv.
18
11.
844
at, 11.
I.
635 6-7,
KNOSSOS Knossos
KOSTER
[88]
(cont.)
Graeco-Roman
city at,
ii.
280
n. 2, 349, 432,
Knots, sacral (cont.) associated with stag,
n. 2, 337, 412, 553, 684, HI.
and see Isopata, Mavro Papoura
274
Graves, Pit (with pithos),
—
Pit-caves,
11.
Sarcophagi,
:
and
see
Zafer Papoura
563, iv. 858 (Zafer Papoura) 11.
549:
499,
Papoura Tombs, Chamber,
11.
and
370, 547
Tomb, IV. 849, 858, 962 at Mavro Spelio, 11. 337, III.
;
Zafer
see
see Isopata,
555, 556, 557,
— Keel-vaulted, 'Royal Tomb', Isopata,
iv.
smaller version, Isopata, iv. 775-6
— Rock, 370, 547, 549, 274: Isopata — Temple, 80, 140, 204, 212 III.
and
see
n. 3, 260,
iv.
I,
299, 305 n.
2,
306, 311,
339. 353, 355, 365, 366, 393. 464. 858, 950. 956. 961, 964-83, 989-i°oi. 1002.
—
ion, 1014-17 Burials, Post Minoan, 11. 154, 433 later Geometrical (near Temple Tomb), 1004, 1007,
IV. 1018 Knots, sacral: ritual use of, I. 424, 430-5 associated with bull-sports,
i.
iv.
i.
i,
11.
and signet-rings, iv. 550, 577 from Arkhanes, ill. 220 from Crete, iv. 583 from Mycenae, IV. 403, 610 from Vapheio, III. 141 on sealing from Knossos, iv. 578 Knox, Father Ronald, on omission of prayer seals
against earthquakes in English litany, 11. 322 I. 117, IV. 80 n. 7 Kokalos, Sicilian King,
iv.
960
Komo, Minoan
—
port at, arrival point from Egypt and Southern terminus of Great South Road, 11. 81, 88, 742 communication of with Hagia Triada, 11. 90
with Knossos, 11. 81, 192, 742, iv. 984 with Phaestos, 11. 90 'Custom-House' building at, 11. 166, iv. 648 pottery from, 11. 88, 166, iv. 648
— — primitive tholos (doubtful), 88 — migration of inhabitants 280 — Geometrical vases from, 59 at
11.
of, 11. 11.
Kophino (Coffer Mountain),
11. 82 Korakou, apsidal type of house at,
— pottery from, L.M.
I.
431,
ill.
220,
Ic, 11.
IV. 645, 646 Kore, rock dedication to
473
I.
n. 2
24
n. 2, 499, IV.
at
Hagios Thomas,
11.
76 Korte, Dr., on Vapheio cup B,
Korykian Cave, iv.
403,
I.
483, 485,
11.
47
iii.
183 n.
crocus culture in connexion with,
Kos, coin-type
of, iii.
11.
I,
246
n. I
iv.
726
11.
241
656
100 n.
i
Koster, Professor August, on early ships, n.
i
6
inscription near, I.
626,
11.
293, 368, 369 Kordofan, basket churns of pithoid shape from,
226 with double axe, I. 433, ill. 141 with columns, IV. 610 with Minoan Goddess, i. 432,
— — — — 577 with gaming boards, n'3 — with palm-tree, 431
votaries,
Kolonaki, see Thebes
771-6 compared with those of Minet-elBeida and Ras-Shamra, iv. 771-6
281, 290, 291 n.
434
Kodjadermen (Thrace), bird-shaped vase from,
Zafer Papoura
II.
I.
57 — 433 on fresco from Knossos, — from Niru Khani, 284433
Temple
near
274
and
textile,
worn by Goddess,
on
'Tomb of the Cow',
"• 554 Shaft, IV. 858
—
Zafer
Spelio,
578
faience,
houses on banks of, 11. 551-4 Villa Ariadne, 11. 546, iii. 254 Knossos, burials: Cemetery, on Hellenika slope, 11. 547 connected with Harbour Town, 11. 235, 551
— —
iv.
from 4th Shaft Grave at Mycenae, I- 47 n- 3, 440, 483, II- 284 ivory, from S.E. House at Knossos, i. 430, 434. II- 284 from Palaikastro, i. 433
546. 547. 55°. IV- 18 Kairatos stream, 11. 3, 62, 66 n. 2, 229, 280
:
KOUKLIA Kouklia, stirrup vase from, 11. 136 Kouphonisi, crushed purple shells on,
Kuynnzuk, iii
iv.
n-S
— pottery from, M.M., iii — button from, E.M.
n. 5 Ill, I. 113
iv.
steatite
Kouretes,
LABYRINTH
[89]
466,
iii.
109 use of in fresco-painting,
III.
Kouroniotes, Professor, discoveries at Eleusis, IV.
at, 11.
Kouskouras,
294
93, 103, 124,
11.
— use of Knossos, Krasi, tholos 39 — M.M. la jug from, at
at, 11.
Krotos
n. 3
—
Minoan road through,
village,
11.
11.
—
63
83 n. 3
Kuban, alabaster figurine from, I. 48, 49 Kubbah, circular tomb at, 11. 39 Kugler, Professor, on date of accession of Hammurabi,
IV. 54,
424, 425
Kumanudes,Mr.,onsilverrhytonfromMycenae, 89 n.
III.
I.
21, 75,
11.
36,
lintels of,
11.
41,
gold toad from,
42 ill.
n. i,
43
412,
iv.
female figurine from, askoi from, iv.
76
11.
33 80 bird-shaped, ;
I.
silver daggers
from,
I.
99, 100,
169
II.
birds-head seals from,
snake cult I,
at,
I. 95, iv. 486 vessels associated with, iv.
identified
— ships
III,
of, 11.
II.
657
by W.
Max
from,
iv.
—
— 219 — Metragyrts mendicant — mother of 473 — and Rhea
Kydonia, bead-seals from, in. 465 n. 5, iv. 466, 467, 518, 576, 610 Kylix, base of from well below M.M. Ilia house at Knossos, in. 258 III.
wooden
statue of
Hermes
on,
524
Kymation pattern, perhaps connected with Minoan adder mark, iv. 192 of,
i.
311
Kythera, see Cerigo
Miiller with
mentioned in annals of Thothmes 657
220
Attis, in.
n. 2
n. 2
Kurds, Armenoid physiognomy of, iv. 407 n. i Kurion, tomb 28 at, L.M. lllb goblets from, IV.
IV. 170 n. 2, 219 with Rhea, in. 472 with Syrian Goddess, iv. 479 cymbals of associated with Minoan Goddess,
473,
Kypselos, chest
147, 158 n. 2, 163
steatite pyxis vsrith shell inlay
Byblos,
472
at Knossos, iv. 975 Kybele, connexion of with Minoan Goddess, in.
Kyllene, Mount,
117
142 n.
I.
from Room of the Throne, in. 109 on gaming board from Knossos, I. 473, 475 in painting on rock ceiling of Temple Tomb
see
39, 81, 83 n. 3
Kupni,
595, in. 351, iv. 227, 228 from Lustral Basin,
priests of, iv.
Ill, tholos ossuaries at,
E.M.
250,
IV.
I
Kumasa E.M.
11.
crystal inlays
Kraters, see under Pottery
Kritsa valley,
ill.
975 87s use of as inlay,
— Tiryns, — on
n.
4 iv. 676
534,
11. 595, 777, ill. 351, iv. 227, 228, 897 on alabaster frieze in Men's Megaron at
137
699, iv. 58
11.
I.
n. 3,
IV.
744
Kourtes, pottery from tombs
Nimrud
—
220
iv.
see
Kyanos, Egyptian source of, iv. 875 n. i M.M. Ill use of, I. 472, 473, 475 n. i, 534 use of for crystal 'back-work', I. 472, 475,
370. 371 scarab of Rameses II's reign from,
370. 371 pair of L.M. la bronze hydrias from,
iv.
from Hieroglyphic Deposit at Knossos, I. 280 Labranda, worship of Zeus at, in. 479, iv. 46: 'Labels', clay,
and see Zeus Labraundos Labraundos, name of one of the Kouretes, Labrys,
11.
504,
652, IV. 440, 456
Kurisches HafF, exportation of amber from to Aegean, 11. 174 Kushites, see Kasi
iv.
479 see
Axe, double
Labyrinth, association of with Palace of Minos a
post-Minoan
tradition, in. 283
— Knossian coin-type, 59 — Gortyna, a limestone quarry, 533 — derivation of from 283 as
i.
at
i.
labrys, in.
:
LABYRINTH Labyrinth
Lamps
(cont.)
— imitated in Delian dance, — — pattern: religious associations of,
Egyptian derivation 291, 358,
— use
II.
202,
iii.
4, 6, iv.
I.
i.
47
103, 121, 123,
— on fresco from Knossos, 121, 345 356-9, 283, 328 — on gold from Hagia Triada, n-3 — on E.M. Ill 103, 121, 2 5°S — on from Asine, 202 3
IV.
sealings
324, 480,
at Miletus,
I.
122,
steatite,
on M.M. Ila pottery from Knossos and Zakro, 11. 218 Lacy, Major Wilfred de, specimen of Cretan iv.
183 n.
Ladle, limestone,
from II.
M.M.
11.
I,
299
from sanctuary of
159, 623, II. 438 House of the Frescoes at Knossos,
silver, IV.
in
Lagash,
11.
Villa,
ill.
iv.
IV.
264, 269
— alabaster vessel from,
256 n. i copper dagger with iron hilt from, 11. 276 relief showing lyre from, 11. 837, ill. 261 stela of the Vultures at, iv. 812 stone heifer's head from, 11. 262 Lahun, L.M. pottery from, 11. 510, iv. 265, 274 Lake-dwellings, Swiss, barley from, iv. 628 Lamb, Miss Winifred, on restoration of adder mark ornament, IV. 180, 181 Lambert, Mr. E. J., work on Shield Fresco from
— — —
11.
—
Domestic Quarter, iii. 302 n. 2 Lamberti, copper swords from cemeteries 273 n. 3
i.
399 11.
123
Throne, iv. 920 basement near Stepped Portico, near Central Court,
N.W.
of
insula,
iii.
11.
11.
633
521, 522
22, 26, 27
House of the Fallen Blocks, 11. 298 House near S.E. angle, iii. 269 from N.W. insula, ill. 26 Langdon, Prof., on excavations at Kish, iv. 809
—
n.
433, 438
— from Vapheio Tomb (with alabastron), — stone,939from Arkhanes, 623, 64, 438, 687 — inscription on, Linear Script B, 939 11.
323,
Room of the
289
I.
I.
II.
House of the Fallen Blocks, 11. 298 stone, from Knossos, from Inner Sanctuary
Ladders, use of as access to basement in House of the Fallen Blocks,
599 344, 345, 429,
11. 404 Harbour Town, 11. 238 from Knossos, N.E. Magazines,
Quarter,
i
ill.
I.
basement off Central Court, iv. 936 S.W. corner of Store Room in Domestic
359
pattern
Juktas,
11.
Caravanserai,
adder obtained by,
II.
390
patterns plans of,
— engineer of New Candia harbour,
Argos,
at
limestone, from
1-359 'Lace'
168
1.
510
III.
Royal
359
n.
11.
Didymaeon Labyrinthine dwellings, maze
angle,
S.E. House,
n.
ceiling of
Knossos,
219
I.
936
N.W.
i.
Room Deposit,
—
n. i,
I.
seals,
11.
41 n. 4 from Knossos, basement off Central Court,
III.
on
from Vat
— from Phaestos,
202 n. 3
plate
of the Tripod Hearth,
gypsum, from Heraeon tomb
283, IV. 505 n. 2
of,
I.
Tomb
636 clay,
of,
III.
bronze, from
74
on 4th Dynasty pottery, I. 122 on 6th Dynasty seals, I. 122 Minoan, on faience ornament from Tiryns, II.
LAPIS LACEDAEMONIUS
[90]
I
Lanuvium, image of Juno Sospita Laodameia,
at, 11.
52
441 Laodicea, see Latakieh Laos, Etruscan sea outlet of Sybaris, 11. 168 Lapidary's workshop, see under Knossos Lapidaries, Egyptian, possibly working Knossos, II. 57
—
i.
at
Minoan, influence of on sculptured stelae from Shaft Graves at Mycenae, iv. 253
Lapis lacedaemonius (Spartan basalt), Minoan use of, I. 88, 445, III. 270, IV. 467 derived from stone of III.
Mount
Taygetos,
270
lapidary's store of at Knossos,
467, 898 used in buildings at Knossos,
iii.
269,
IV.
ill.
269
n. 2,
410 bowl of from Royal
at, 11. I.
87, 88,
II.
57, 58,
III.
Tomb
at Isopata,
270, 402 n. 3
7
LAPIS LACEDAEMONIUS Lapis lacedaemonius (Spartan basalt) seals of,
LEON
[91]
Leaf ornament on
[cont.)
Malta,
270, 316, IV. 443, 467, 560,
III.
Town,
338 Babylonian
11.
Lapis lazuli, rarity of under ist Empire, iv. 424 bead, shield shaped, from Knossos, ill. 315 cylinder seal from near Athens, iv. 409 (gold-mounted) showing Sargonid tradition, from Knossos, iv. 423 fragments of from niche in Room of the Throne, iv. 934 necklace from Royal Tomb at Isopata, 11. 75 ring stone from S. House, 11. 373 tessera from S. House, 11. 374 Lapps, sacred troll-drums of, ill. 315
in
— — — — — —
Roman
Lares,
capellae of,
Larissa, bull sports
ii.
on coins
131 n.
on bull's head rhytons, iv. 315 on lamp from Heraeon Tomb, 11. 41 n.
11.
Lasithi
268-70,
— and
Mountains (Western Dikte), over,
11.
III.
I.
4, 6i
i,
i.
685,
n. i,
Latakieh, bronze figurine from,
446 n.
ill.
478 n. 6
466
Lavinium, sanctuary of Penates at, 11. 131 n. i Lead, axes, votive, from Mochlos, I. loi figurine of Snake Goddess, from Little Palace at Knossos, 11. 323, 540 of pugilist from tholos at Kampos, in.
—
461 n.
— from JCnossos, n. 344 — used Knossos, 630 456, 457. — weights, disk shaped, from Kjiossos, as lining to floor cists at
i.
iv.
11.
silver
11.
478 Lebena,
713; influenced by sacral form,
II.
39 n.
5,
11.
483,
iv.
91 n. 2 iv.
867
647
412, 419,
I.
11.
348, iv.
85
— shrine of Asklepios — roads n. 84
at,
n. 39, 84
at,
Ledge-handles, see Handles
Lefebvre de Noailles, Commandant, on beadseals from Thisbe treasure, iv. 817 n. 2
Leg amulets,
—
i.
18, 19, 125
sign, hieroglyphic,
I. 278 Linear Script A, n. 249 Legrain, Prof. L., on Babylonian cylinder from Candia, 11. 266 nn. 2, 3, 4 Legs, clay votive, from Juktas, i. 158 painted reliefs of from E. Hall at Knossos,
169 n. 2
HI. 507, 508
Phaestos
653
556
mines of Troad,
683, 685
Leiden Museum, bronze statuette found near
bronze-cased, iv. 655 Leaf, Dr. Walter, on Homeric description of Hector's spear, iv. 843 n. 2
on
iv.
284 and Fig. 290,
Lebanon, bronze figurine of Resheph from, in.
451,
IV.
Spelio,
A,
11.
—
sling bullets
from Mavro
sign, in Linear Script
imitated in stone,
i
Latium, hut urns from, 11. 130, 131 Latrines at Knossos, I. 228, 229, 333, 334, 336, II. 385, III. 387, 388 Laudanum, extraction of from Cretan gumII.
300
229, 233, 637 and see Plait-work
no
cistus,
Ill, IV.
— material of Minoan helmets, — work, imitated
iv.
Lassoing, portrayed on bead-seal from Crete, III.
640, IV. 284, 300, 328
II.
see Ivy, sacral
IV.
571
no
284
II,
in pottery, iv.
Chalcedony bead-seal from, 11.
256,260, 261,263,
lb, IV.
Leather, African flasks of,
195 n.
Ill, IV. 848
Lasithiotis, Georgios,
L.M. L.M. L.M.
I.
213, 642, IV. 126
484 Leaping dances, in N. Crete, in. 77
63, 68, 78, 99
engraved dagger blade from, 719-20,
11.
II.
in Linear Script B,
85
Minoan road
4
onpottery,M.M.n,
Larnax, ^ee.Sarcophagus, under Burials, Minoan Lasea,
622, 637, 640,
11.
300, 328
as inlays
Leaf
i
Minoan metal work,
IV. 75,
229
of, ill.
from Hagiar Kim,
altar
188
on Minoan ivory combs, IV. 1005, 1006 on kilts of Minoan tributaries depicted on tomb of Rekhmara, 11. 744
589 vase of from Harbour
II.
in, in.
461
Lenda, see Lebena Lens, Minoan use of, in. iii crystal, from Mavro Spelio, in.
—
Lentoid, see Seals
Leon, Cape,
11.
84
in
n. 2
LEOPARD
Leopard, on inlaid dagger blade from Mycenae, III.
LILIES
[92]
Libya, connexions of
114
— butt of
schist axe from Mallia, 11. 274 Lethaby, Prof. W. R., on sculptures from Atreus Tomb at Mycenae, iii. 193 n. 3, 201 n. I Leuke, see Kouphonisi 'Lianokladhi goblets', I. 60
Libations, dual, in Egypt and Crete,
v.
82, 83
— importance of in Minoan worship, 348 — modern ceremony of Ibrahimovci, 455 — performed by Minoan 452, 453, 467 — over on plaque from Mycenae, — over 455 on plaque from Mycenae, 455 — over 453 — in honour of Boy-God, 467 — openings for in tombs Isopata and Ras Shamra, 772 — Egyptian, 75, 464 iii.
at
iv.
genii, iv.
altar,
glass
cairn,
glass
IV.
IV.
plants, iv.
iv.
at
iv.
tables,
I.
Cyrenaic,
11.
iv.
48
from Arvi, I. 497 n. i from Knossos, Temple Repositories, I. 497; S.E. House, I. 427; House of the Frescoes, IV.
11.
433, 438, 440;
Temple Tomb,
464
from Palaikastro, i. 497 n. i, 630, 631, 636 from Petsofa, i. 636, 11. 440, iv. 657 from Phaestos, i. 219, 252, 11. 195, 217, III.
— proto-Semitic element
I.
75, 159, 497,
625-
in, iv.
resemblance of these to primitive Cretan tholoi of Mesara, &c., 11. 38, 39 plumes, II. 34
— — — bow
Minoan
side-locks, relation to
and
Minoan
see
— 8-shaped
type,
11.
50, 51, IV. 172, 173
from Knossos,
iv.
656
from Petsofa, iv. 657 from Phaestos, I v. 91 on hydria from Kurion,
11. 653 double spouted, I. 19 on talismanic gems, iv. 446 Egyptian sign for, 11. 55 Minoan sign, I. 280 Library at Ras-Shamra, tablets from, iv. 782 Libya (Early Nilotic) marked influence on Early Minoan culture of S. Crete, connected with immigration from Delta at time of Mena's Conquest, 11. 22 seqq., 45-8 connexion of with Minoan Crete, I. 312, 11.
—
45, 756, IV. 34, 172, 464, 986
:
Neith rock-carving
shield (predynastic
and proto-Egyptian), II. 50, 53 compared with Minoan andMycenaean, II-
5o> 53,
S3 — {Tehenu) fabric of glass-ware, 23, 54 — greyhound names taken over by Egyptians, 11.
II. 24 n. 2 Libyan Sea, I.
— Sheath,
see
17,
11.
82-90
under Dress
— Tribes, referred to as 'Nine Bows',
11.
49
Lid of alabastron with name of King Khyan,
— of
Alabastron
from Mochlos with
steatite
see
figure of dog,
Pyxis
Lighting,
vessels,
11.
compared with proto-Egyptian and
early
Light-areas, see Light-wells
see Snake-tables
fashion,
34
33,
and
II.
506
Libyan bee-hive tombs, survival of the African mapalia, 11. 37-9
48, 438, 839, IV. 157 from Tartari, i. 630, 631
30,
—
—
Egypt, II. 23 Greece, 11. 37 n. 2 Malta, 11. 190, 191 element in, in predynastic times, 11. 46 (tridacna inlay showing negroid type from Mesara, ib. Fig. 21 a, b) primitive figurines from, 11. 32, iv. 219
see
392, IV. 91
from Psychro Cave,
—
(cont.)
with with with negroid
Minoan system of, m. 341 and see Windows Lightning, Anatolian Gods of, iv. 23 connexion of with Minoan Goddess, :
IV. 23 Light-wells in
Minoan
houses,
11.
518
a protection against wind,
ill.
293
facing of walls of with ashlar,
lii.
377 — paving 107, 290, 327, in. 330 — M.M. oval house Chamaezi, 47 — and under Knossos of,
in
11.
at
I
i.i
see
Ligortino,
from,
L.M.
III6, painted clay sarcophagus
787, III. 116, 138, 463, IV. 338 Liguria, early pottery from, i. 29, 59 Lilies,
II.
associated with
473. 776
Minoan Goddess,
11.
LILIES
LIMESTONE
[93]
Lilies (cont.)
Lilies {cont.)
— ornamental motive, L.M. — combined with adder mark, 290 473, ogival canopy, 281, 282 319 —— — from Temple Repository, Knossos, 341, 342 Lily crown, on painted of King, 500, 1013 — on 499, from Hagia Triada, 604, 605 473, 644, 775-9, 323, 400 — in Linear Script B, from Knossos, early passage, 680 688, 713 name groups, N.W. 130 713 — throne of Usertesen Tanis, 477 S.E. House, 426, 537, 604, 391 as
lb,
iv.
IV.
11.
iv.
faience,
shield, IV.
frescoes,
n.
11.
insula,
LXVII
iv, xi,
11.
I at
455 (Fig.
1002, and Suppl.
a, b
tomb
at
Dimini,
I.
at
473,
i.
97
Mycenae, 11. 777 on pottery, M.M. II. 204 n. 4
M.M. Ill, I.
I.
256, 261, 264, 269,
— on •
seals
II.
Priest, iv. iv.
II
at
11.
11.
inlaid,
S.
Ic, IV.
293, 368
II, II.
334
11.
368 n.
11.
i
526
584, 610, iv. 292
469, 473, 680 n.
i
456
II.
IV.
319, 341, 342, 360:
iv.
of in
iv.
362, 366-8
inflorescent
366, 367
I.
11.
IV.
I, III.
Visala,
11.
361, IV. 13 11.
73 — cup from Vat Room Deposit, 170 — cupped block from Hierakonpolis, 980 — Double axe stands, 139 212 — drum, Room of the Stone Drum, 925 — ewer, from near S.W. Lustral Area, 229 — figurine of Minoan Goddess from Knossos, I.
n. i, iv.
11.
in
iv.
iv.
32, IV. 35, 193
hand
of,
from E.
slope.
date-palm
III.
— andtriglyph, 223, 225 695, — horns of consecration, from friezes, rosette
see
origin
11.
at
i.
II.
— waz, 644, 777, 781, Papyrus and — with barred stamens,
128
Little
capital
iv.
iv.
signets, in. 68, iv. 319, I.
11.
— from Palace, 814 — carved, Orchomenos, 202, 205, 242, 874 371, — column bases from Knossos, 394, 422, from
n. 6, IV. 284, 325, 353,
axe-plant derivatives of,
— Madonna, — pancratium,
11.
127
689, 738 n.
and
11.
of,
III.
473, 777
lb, II. 749, IV. 271, 284, 290, 341,
motive,
— from House of High 209 miniature, from N.W. angle, 200, 202 — amphora, from sculptor's workshop, 900 — block with name of Senusert from cemetery Harageh, 213 — bowl from Caravanserai, 123 — box, from House, 373 — building, model from Hal Tarxien, 187 — candlestick, from N.W. of Caravanserai, ceiling,
358, 362, 366 from Hala Sultan Tekke,
—
later
349, 350
from Nauplia,
558, 578, 579, 584, 604, 610,
342. 360
L.M. L.M.
II.
11.
II,
469, 475 la,
from Palace in
abstracted
iv.
130
130 on gold plate from 3rd Shaft Grave,
L.M. L.M.
I.
301
11.
altar,
11.
III.
II.
Limestone, times,
on socket of spear-like weapon of King Kames, iv. 842, 843 repousse, on hilt of dagger from Mycenae,
—
frescoes,
jar
Oxen,
Sacrificed
11. 644 on dagger blade from Mycenae,
III.
I.
plaster
11.
pendants, inlaid,
356
Irini,
97, 499
on E.M. II pins from Mochlos, from tomb at Volo, i. 97, 499
i
— derived from limestone quarry Hagia 532, — pure lime 533 of Minoan 528-32 — M.M. Ill from House of the slaked, in
473. 644 gold, from
n.
11.
Lime-tree bark, used for documents, in Chronicle of Diktys Cretensis, iv. 673 Lime, deposit of, on floor of Queen's Megaron, III.
from Thebes, Kadmeion, 11. 749 from Thera, 11. 473 on ivory plaque from Phylakopi, 11. 473 in metalwork, on border of bronze bowl,
— —
IV.
iv.
II.
I.
Plates
sign,
in
of the Frescoes,
266 c) from Amnisos,
i
ill.
1.5,
IV.
II.
I.
House
Priest-
relief
IV.
I.
11.
518 162, 163, 590,
IV.
Temple Tomb,
iv.
S. Portico,
965
11.
160
LIMESTONE Limestone
LIONS
[94]
Lions,
(cont.)
appearance on seals due to Libyan
first
— on, from Enkomi, and proto-Egyptian connexions, 759 — from House of the Frescoes, 406 and 409, 525, 486, and 526 433. 438 — — lamps, 238, 298, 521, 633, compositions 584, 585 and Lion's Gate under Mycenae 269, 920 — — from Mesara, with Minoan Goddess, 2 44 — paving, 800, 798, 413, 334, 831, 399 447, 505 — pithos from Long Corridor, 232 461, 526, 596, 607, 414, — 514, 914 355 — — from with Minoan Genii, 517 442, 443, 461 — contorted, combined with arrow sign on from S.W, 257, 258 — rhyton, from near Candia, 231 from Armoury 617 — from Delphi, on dagger blade of Queen 833 Minoan from Erech, Aah-hotep 264 649 — Gate, under Mycenae from Knossos, Central Sanctuary, 780 — guardians of dead, Treasury of Tri-Columnar 154 of sacred 822, 827 431 — hunting Harbour Town, aspect of among 238 from Mycenae, Minoans, 195 575, 576 — woman's, Service Quarter of Throne and dagger-blade) model on Room system, modern, by African native warriors 925, 926 — pavement game E. Light area of Tanganyika Territory, 122 inscription
iv.
11.
ladle, votive,
III.
55,
Figs.
120, IV.
11.
(inscribed)
'antithetic'
22, 26, 27,
III.
II.
palettes,
III.
164,
1.
n. I,
23,
iv.
IV.
III.
II.
108, 159,
126, 127,
24, 169, 170,
III. 4,
II.
Little Palace,
relief, Hellenistic,
n.
:
associated
n.
11.
II.
plinths,
of, iv.
see
IV.
associated
11.
iv.
I
angle, iv.
seal-
n. 3
11.
deposit, iv.
ings,
gallop,
at full
11.
design),
(of
11.
iv.
Hall,
II.
see
11.
11.
55,
iii.
pillar, i.
n.
(similar pictorial
iv.
i
cylinder-seal
in
seat,
military
of,
I.
III.
in
iv.
in
slab for
— —
ill.
453, 462,
—
II. 119, 349, 372, 376, 403, 405, 417. 545. 547. 548, 716, 811, III. 9 n. 3, 13 n. 3, 14, 23, 236, 241, 244, 24s, 246, 276, 280, 323. 492. 494. IV. 236, 878, 879, 995 vessels, from Hierakonpolis, 11. 49 n. 2
from Knossos, 123, 199 n.
I,
I.
412, 413,
II.
15, 303, iv.
—
— from 4th
IV. 866 Linnaeus, on identity of Dittany and Fraxinella, II.
70
n.
4
— maned, portrayed
at
Kumasa,
11.
doorway of grave enclosure
"•43
11.
43, 82
36, 41, 43 11.
41, 42 at
11.
754, iv. 574-6
cub on Minoan and sealings, IV. 559 rampant, on Cypro-Minoan cylinder from as suckling
seals
—
;
Astrakous,
iv.
425
— seizing quarry on Minoan gems
:
type taken
IV.
524-6
II
result
— on dagger-blade, Mainland
— seizing
seal-stones, &c., from
personal
of
M.M.
acquaintance
on
526 seqq. iv. 528
side, in. 118-23, iv.
bull, in
Chaldaean
art,
in Cypriote art, iv. 535, 536, 539 in Greek art, iv. 534-7 in
531
Minoan
art, ill. 123, iv. 527, 528,
•
in Phoenician art, iv. 534-6
J
Lion's Gate at Mycenae,
Shaft Grave, Mycenae, in.
95. 12°. IV. 575 on seals and sealings,
monument, il. 178 n. 2 remains of on sword from Zafer Papoura,
Lintel, 'humped', of tholos at Christos,
11.
649,111. 112, 361,1V. 527
over from those showing native hounds,
630, 631, 636, 637
from Mycenae, I. 412, 413, IV. 234 from Phaestos, 11. 46 from Pyrgos, 11. 75 weights, disk-shaped, from Knossos, iv. 653 Linen garments represented on i2th-Dynasty
—
on dagger-blade of Queen Aah-hotep,
Queen's Megaron, iii. 390; fromjCentral Court at Mallia, iii. 392, 394 sling-stones, from Mycenae, 11. 345 used in construction at Knossos, I. 209, 427,
Myndos,
deer, in Chaldaean art, iv. 528 in
Greek
in
Minoan
art, iv.
539
art, ill. 123, IV.
531. 539 goats, IV. 527, 538, 865
527, 528,
:
LIONS Lions
LOTUS
[95]
Lioness, head rhytons (cont.)
(cont.)
— horned sheep, — m. 547 — wounded, Assyrian seizing
iv.
seated,
from Knossos,
527, 585
in
art, iv.
in
Greek (Oriental)
in
Minoan
547, 548
art, iv.
Islands,
548
art, iv.
— 274 — gold, miniature, from Knossos, 412, 76 — of sword on rock carving Boghaz Keui, 275 — shaped 55, 80 — on bronze hydria from Cyprus, 652 — on dagger-blade of Queen Aah-hotep, hilt
11.
iv.
ill.
at
II
as, 11.
11.
III.
112, 361,1V. 527
from Mycenae,
ill.
iv.
ill.
11.
flint knife,
appearance of
'antithetic' type),
11.
27, 34, III. 515, IV. 506 on hilt plate of cruciform
— sword from Chiefgrave Zafer Papoura, 865 — on plaques from 5th Shaft Grave Mycenae, 253 — on and Cypriote, 408 tain's
at
sealings,
Ill-
of,
at
252 Lion's head rhyton, gold, from 4th Shaft Grave
Mycenae, 11. 420, 537, iii. 4 on M.M. Illb sealing, 11. 419, 537 sign, in Hieroglyphic script, 11. 438 n.
at
4,
126 4, iv.
678
I.
673,
Minoan Goddess,
I.
505
Snake Goddess,
III. 4,
from Delphi,
I.
504, 505
199 11.
I, I.
II,
I.
239,
II.
57
II-
39.
84-8
Lithuania, snake cult in,
iv. 150 Livonians, snake cult among, iv. 150 n. 2 Lizard on ivory comb from Palaikastro, iv. 1006
Lo, a cross in the Cypriote syllabary, Lock, see Door-fastenings, Key
832, 833, iv. 727
516
i.
Loggia, see Portico
British
Museum, bronze male
figurine in,
ill.
450 sculptures ffom
Mycenae Minoan
Mycenae
seals in, iv. 449,
vase from IChafaje
University College
179 n.
2,
in, iv.
Museum,
223 n.
Long Barrows
iii.
193 under
in, see
815 810 n.
5
alabaster vases
i
Petrie Collection in,
11.
210
of Uley and Wayland's Smithy,
apsidal recesses in,
11.
181
Loom-sign, in Linear Script A, i. 253, iv. 678, 680 Loom-weights, M.M. II, from Knossos, i. 253, IV.
438 n.
Lion's masks, on talismanic bead-seals,
— head rhytons,
I.
11. 87 n. 3 Lithinos, cape, possible reference to in Odyssey,
Mycenae,
IV.
crest, of votary of
at
in
in, II.
11.
—
iv.
56,
n.
M.M.
,
674, IV. 446 Lioness, associated with
11.
of,
II.
2,
120, 123-7, 154. IV- 169,
in Linear Script A,
87,
catalogue of sculptures in,
495 n.
11.
544-7, 550, 55 1 559, 574-6, 582-5, 596, 607 on sheaths of Assyrian swords on relief of
III.
56,
in,
I.
London
170, 461, 461, 462, 486, 522, 525-7, 531,
stela
11.
I.
shell
Loin-cloths, see Dress
iv.
— Sargon, 274 — on above 5th Shaft Grave
II.
11.
at
Cypro-Minoan, iv. 425 Minoan, I. 120, 123, 274, 523. 524. 754.
169, 671, iv. 895
I.
iv.
IV.
seals
of,
I
Lissos, upheaval of coast-line near,
95, 120, 123, iv. 527,
— on575fresco from Knossos, 332, 413, — on handle of from Gebel-el-'Arak (first
11.
23, 494,
I.
— M.M. use 221 23, 271, — cut by saws, 671 — carinated bowls 23, 86, 87, 221 — of Dolium perdix carved from Hagia Triada, no 833, — ewer from Lustral Area Knossos, 412, 6 56 — imitated pottery, M.M. 178, 179
11.
649,
822, 827, 832, 833,
727 Liparite, imported into Crete from Aeolian
544-8, 551 butt of ceremonial axe from Ecbatana,
seals
11.
IV.
124, iv.
71
Loop handles, see Handles Looped band design, L.M.
I use of, iv. 339 n. 5 Lotus ornament, Egyptian use of, I. 18, 11. 207 Minoan use of, on M.M. II pottery, I. 258, II. 204 on L.M. I relief, iv. 874; ceiling patterns, II.
205 use of on L.M. 116 pottery,
iv.
308
1
LOTUS Lotus
Lyre
(cont).
— buds, on stone Knossos,
lamp from N.W. Insula
at
26 bead from Robbers' Cache, iv. 963 cups, see Blossom-bowls Loving-cups, see Goblets Lozenges, incurved, on dress of figure in ProIII.
—
cession Fresco,
on
11.
and
faience
II.
King
of
iv.
Lunghi, Pietro,
ill.
II.
i.
pottery from,
322
II.
10
li.
A,
i.
I. 276, 281 641, iv. 682
mother of Attis, on coins of Comana, ill. 100 on relief from Marash, iv. 41 symbols of, on Phaestos disk,
Asiatic Goddess,
Kasteli,
at
11.
iii.
473
I. 656 Maat, Egyptian Goddess, 11. 764 Macan, Dr. R. W., on connexion between Greece and Libya, 11. 37 n. 2 Macedonia, coins of, iv. 557, 564 n. 3
— pottery from, 38 2 Maces, Early Egyptian stone, 26 — Neolithic, from Knossos, IS — from Mace-bearer's tomb 357 — of King Musilim, 529 n.
I.
5
74 I.
14, 15, 53, 54,
II.
.
657,
658, 663
breccia,
at Isopata,
IV.
Lykians, sea-raids of in Egyptian records,
i.
iv.
Mackenzie, Dr. Duncan, tribute
625 cornelian bead-seal from, i. 685, i.
10, 11,
— 571 — un-Greek signs on 259 — temple of Britomartis 843 261 Lyre, Asiatic origin 837, — Chaldaean, from Tello, 261 — Cretan modern, accompaniment to chaindances, 77 — Minoan, Chaldaean derivation 261, inscriptions
iv.
at, ill.
I
at, 11.
of, 11.
ill.
ill.
as
II.
of. III.
403 n. I Egyptian influence on, iv. 403 n. i late Mycenaean, from Menidi, 11. 835 n. 3
IV.
eight-stringed,
835
II hieroglyph,
11.
74 n.
Lykia, connexions of with Phaestos disk,
n.
M.M.
I.
n. 5
11.
663, 664 Lyktos (Lyttos),
11.
M Ma,
i
11.
— conquest of Gortyna by, 74 — destruction of by Knossians, — probable of Kanli site
sign, as
11.
77 Lycaonia, two-pronged spearhead from, I. loi Lydgate, John, English version of Chronicle of Diktys Cretensis by, IV. 673 Lykastos,
440,
I.
721
523
basins, terrestrial relation of,
L.M. la
iii. 73, 439 n. 2 Hagia Triada sarcophagus,
Palaikastro,
— on
56
49 n. 4 on Jewish physiognomy, iv. 407 n. Lustral areas, gypsum paving of, 11. 523
Lutra,
on fresco from Thebes, 11. 836 in terra-cotta group of dancers from
in Linear Script
Luschan, Dr. Felix von, on composite bow,
lighting of,
Beni Hasan,
at
837
paintings by, in Palazzo
vrall
Grassi, Venice,
of, iv.
Bedbuin, painting on tomb
264
11.
11.
players,
Lyre
264
of
IV.
11.
Umma, Lagash captured
extent of dominions of,
—
relief
from
inlays
crystal
Kinyras
n. i, iv.
III.
II.
478 Lugal-zaggisi,
(cont.)
— impersonation of kinnor by Paphos, 73 403 — on from Lagash, 837 — Semitic, 837, 403 — dress 403
732
Knossos, II. 732 Lucian, on hair-offerings to Syrian Goddess,
by,
MACKENZIE
[96]
on
seals
and seahngs,
11.
to, iv.
i,
ii
discoveries at S. Portico of Knossos,
146 n.
3,
149 n.
discoveries in
11.
I
tombs of Mesara,
36
II.
n. S
exploration of
91 n.
Minoan
roads,
11.
62 n.
i,
I
work on
fresco fragments,
680,
11.
iii.
302 n. 2
on drains on figure
at Phylakopi, 11.
vessel
299 n. 4 from Bethshemesh,
11.
257 n. 2
on fixed hearths, 11. 20 n. 6 on Mycenaean type of megaron,
iii.
350
n- 3
on metope
style of decoration,
11.
130
MACKENZIE Mackenzie, Dr. Duncan
Mallia, Palace at (cont.)
{cont.)
—
on Minoan pottery, I. 35 n. i, 36 nn. i and 3, 62,11. 18 n. i, 119 n. i, 135 nn. 2 and 179 n. 5, 214 n. I, 309 n. I, 418 n. 63 n. I, 86 nn. 2 and 3, 267 n. 5 Magaza, Neolithic station at, i. 32, 11. 18 3,
bone implements from,
•
Magi
in
MANATT
[97]
Christian
early
II.
art,
——
3, IV.
pillar crypts in,
Minoan com-
II.
seals
——
-
—
•
steatite bead-seal
342, 492,
— — — —
44
of,
II.
11.
251
I.
263,
322
III.
322 pillar
worship
180
in, 11.
pattern,
I.
22,
11.
180
figures from,
706, 853
crouched type of, IV. 706 to countermark lion seal, iv. 618 'Manacles' sign in Linear Script A, iv. 682 on Phaestos Disk, I. 653 Manatt, Dr. J. Irving, on silver rhyton from
—
269 lb, iv.
III.
i. 45 Malten, Dr. Ludolf, on Minoan character of Greek Elysion, in. 155 n. 2 'Man' sign, in Linear Script B, iv. 618, 668, 700,
2,78
L.M.
180, 182, 190,
with Libya, 11. 190 with Spain, 11. 180 earthquake at in a.d. 1856, 11. 315 horned ornament from, I. 263 Megalithic monuments in, 11. 180, 181,
chrome
167, 267-85, 656, 667, iv. 75 n.
Anatolian features in, break in history of in
II.
— steatopygous Neolithic
169
at, 11.
11.
•
from Candia 11.
234
233 connexion of with Keftiu,
— spiral ornament in, related to M.M. II poly-
of
district, 11.
— — Gulf — Palace
11.
11,
Malnus, see Mallos Malta, connexion of with Minoan Crete,
:
835 n. 5 Mallia, church of Hagia Pelagia near, Chrysolakkos site at, 11. 674 n. 2
266, 269, iv.
656, 657, IV. 408
Malevizi district, ill. 75 Malla, coin types of, iv. 536 and see Malles Malles, Minoan road to, 11. 63 n. 5
Mallet sign, on
11.
at, 11. 87 n. 2 terminus of transit route from E. Crete,
Mallos, in Cilicia,
IV.
dance
from,
at, 11.
933
peasant
50, IV. 172, 522
tablets, inscribed,
of,
814
Maleviziotikos, traditional
II.
— tombs on shore — town Minoan,
iii.
11.
from,
169, 253
54, 55, IV. as
iv.
la, IV. 75, 115, 125
— — submarine remains
Malalas, John, cited, iv. 673 n. 2, 781 Malatia, Sumerian war chariots on reliefs from, IV.
•
lustral
in predynastic Egypt,
270
676, 688, 867 quarries near, 11. 233
iv.
—
II.
pavement games from, m. 391 > 392, 394, IV. 24
408
305, iv. 933 use of for personal adornment,
351
slab for
(Chrysocolla),
Tiryns,
iii.
270-4, 794, IV. 416, 417, 845 gold pin and 'hornet' pendant from,
M.M.
933 — model of tridacna from basin of Room of the Throne, 933 — stud of from Middle Neolithic stratum, 933 — pounded, used pigment in Shield Fresco at
322, 567
377
ceremonial weapons of Priest-king from,
from Mycenae,!. 483, 484,485, 111.408 seal on medallion pithos, i. 565 Maket, tomb of at Kahun, painted clay alabastron from, II. 488
shell
11.
altar-base in loggia of,
289 Majewski, Dr. K. W., on date of 'Ring of Minos', IV. 949 n. 3 Majorca, bronze bulls' heads from, I. 22 Makers' marks, on inlays from Knossos, I. 124,
Makryteichos, village of, 11. 551, 560 Malachite, introduction of into Crete,
II.
436,
resemblance of central court to that of Tiryns,
III.
I.
— — recessed window in,
13
Magnetite pendant from Avg6, in. 411 Maidenhair fern on L.M. I pottery from Knossos, II. 475 Mainland, see Greece Maiuri, Prof., discoveries at lalysos, IV. i63»,
I.
illustrates theocratic position of ruler, ill.
276
parisons, in. 474, 475
134. 485. 488, 496,
connexion with Cilicia, IV. 408 elements in, in. 7
fortified
— used
Mycenae,
885
H
in.
94 n.
3
:
•
MANN Mann, Mr. Ludovic McL., on I.
493
see
Mapalia,
Roman form of Libyan name
Mallos
hive huts,
II.
Marash, rehefs
on E.M. breccia owl vase, iv. 487 n. 4 on fragments of stucco relief from N.E.
for bee-
39
angle at Knossos,
Syro-Hittite dove
at, 11.
80
90
dado slabs of highly polished mottled marble, from earlier Propylaeum at Knossos, ii. 698, 699, IV. 896 figurines, early Cycladic, I. 20, 115, II. 44 n. 2, 83s,
340 imported into Crete,
652, IV. 527 on frescoes from II.
IV. I.
iii.
M.M.
11.
L.M. L.M.
iv.
Museum, iv. 32 fragment of vessel from Caravanserai, 128 imitated in frescoes,
i.
356, 531,
11.
inlay,
II,
i.
cross-shaped, from
tories,
I.
mace-head.
517, IV. 94 Neolithic,
354, iv.
—
Temple Reposi-
on
11.
Ic, IV.
115
294
Ill, IV. Ill,
and
316-18, 320
IV.
303
295, 296
sealings,
silver
— — influence •
I.
272, 695-7, "•
rhyton from Mycenae, in. 90 of on stela above 5th Shaft
at
i.
526
— dance, modern,
at Anoia, in.
Museum, L.M.
507, IV. 274, 277
Marinatos, Dr. Sp. N., discoveries at Amnisos,
1002
IV. 102,
II, IV. 303, 305,
seals
Marseilles
Mallia, iv. 75 n. 2 Marguerites, see Rosettes
4,
607-9,
I.
Ic goblet from, iv. 368 Marriage, possibly subject of Jewel Fresco,
iv.
453 n.
Ill,
759 — L.M.
423 Mareotis, Lake, 11. 23
IV. xi,
117
fish, Octopus, Rocks, Sea-weed, Shells Markides, Mr., on hydrias from Kurion, 11. 504 n. I, 654 n. I Maroni (Cyprus), engraved gold ring from, iv.
—
discoveries
363, 364,
Grave at Mycenae, iv. 250 and see Crabs, Dolphins, Fish, Flying-
Marduk, iv. 427 winged dragon of, on cylinder from Initiatory
de,
iii.
453. "I- 138
IS
Margne, Monsieur Pierre
507,
II.
Late Revival,
on
mouthpiece of flask from Abydos, 11. 222 omphalos at Delphi, network on, 11. 840 palettes from Paros, 11. 44 n. 2 pedestalled dish from Mochlos, I. 93 rhytons from Crete, iii. 199 cylinder seal from Cairo, iv. 506 used in M.M. construction, i. 211 vessel in Cairo Museum, 11. 223 n. i
Area,
III,
la,
L.M. L.M. L.M.
238, 239
from Knossos,
11.
276, 279, 281, 286, 314, 315, 420, 884, 962 11.
893-6, 908
— in pottery, M.M.
la,
511, 512 lb, II. loi, 284 n. 4, 426, 437, 454, 488,492, 500, 507, 5io,iv.2i4,239, 260,
n.
11.
M.M.
115, 116, 117
iii.
11.
Frescoes,
M.M. lb, IV. Ill, 114 M.M. Ha, IV. 109, no, iii, 113, M.M. 116, 1. 263, II. 500, 507, IV.
20, iii, 115,
— 835, 340 — from Keros, 835, 340 — from Thera, 835 — tattooing on, 44 2; on Goddess's — — cheek (Sub-Minoan), — Minoan, of Goddess, 757 in Fitzwilliam
507,
108, III, 115
II.
11.
House of the
11.
466, 500-12, IV. 306
on pottery,
•
III.
193 of musicians,
538
Cretan fishers' craft, 11. 497 n. 6 on bronze hydria from Kurion,
(also includes marble-like material): I.
iv.
and see Arkalokhorio Marine style of ornament, connexion of with
410
Marathokephali, tholos ossuary II use of,
127 n. 2
III.
illustrating
cult from, IV.
E.M.
Marinatos, Dr. Sp. N. (cont) on inlays of dagger-blade from Vapheio,
faience beads,
n. 6
Mannus,
Marble
MASON'S MARKS
[98]
Mason's marks at
Knossos,
11.
— E. Bastion, — E. Corridor, — E.
146
in.
Stairs, in.
244
in. 272
276
16
76 ewer
in, 11. loi,
MASON'S MARKS Mason's marks
Knossos
at
:
MEGARON
[99]
Mauls, limestone, Neolithic, from Knossos,
(cont.)
— N. Entrance Bastion, 394, in. 244 — N. Lustral Basin, 13 — N.W. Entrance, 218 — Front, 209, 290 — Portico, 145 146 — S.E. Angle, 327 — W. Porch, 664 — W. Section, Rooms, — Light-well, Hall of Double 425 in.
Mavro
n. 3
Spelio, cemetery of,
11. 555, 556, in. 274 balances from, n. 556, IV. 661 crystal lens from, in. iii n. 2
i.
S.
11.
i.
S.
from,
III. 469, 470 cup from, iv. 353 scarab from, n. 480 gold signet-ring from, with inscription of Linear Class A, n. 557, iv. 510
11.
n.
II.
I.
AJxes, in.
Queen's Megaron,
i.
346
204, 347, in. 369,
374 — Magazines, 449, 463, n. 663, 664 — Royal Box of Theatral Area, n. 582 — well under M.M. Ilia house, in. 256 — Ramp Passage, in. 7 — S.E. House, 427, 436, 244 — Temple Tomb, 971, 973, 995 I.
from, n. 557 iv. 246 stone vases from, n. 556 sacred spring at, 11. 555, in. 138 stela
i
III.
iv.
III.
11.
ments,
Ill, superficial character of
Table of incised branch,
I.
signs,
I.
,
m.
244
i,
in. 7 n. 3,
374
II. 664 n. i double axe, i. 4, 134, 209, 218, 347, 394,
door,
425. 427. 436, 449. 463. "• 14s n146, 249, 323, 582 n. I, 613, 664 n. 818, in. 13 n. 3, 14, 244, 346, 369,
i> I,
IV.
971. 973
I
on pottery from Visala, n. 71 diadem, from 5th Shaft Grave,
— from
217 Medinet Habu, Pylon cenae,
Medrasen, tomb
i
Megalithic
290, 664 n.
of, i.
664, 665,
11.
35 n. 3,
of,
n. 39
monuments
in Africa, n. 181
in Britain, n. 181
i
in Malta,
i. 304, 394, 401, n. 290, 323, 343, in. 244, IV. 995
trident,
window, II. 664 n. i Maspero, Monsieur, on Marseilles ewer, n. 510, 274
on bead-seal from Isopata, li. 766 on sealing from Knossos, n. 765
Mastiif,
i.
22, 188, 492 n. 4, 263, n. 180-
190 in Minorca,
4,
342
I.
Western Mediterranean, n. 181 Megalokastron, Romaic name for Candia, in
231, ni. 75 n. 2 Megalo Vrysi, Minoan Southern
— Road 88 Matala, harbour of Gortyna, n. 76 — Greek and Roman tombs with horseman from, n. 87 Megara, 830 Megaron, 2 n. 280 Mation: 24 — Corinth, 24 2 — Graeco-Roman chamber tombs n. 552 Mycenae, under Mycenae from Knossos, — from Matrix, — Orchomenos, 2 24 n. 767, 768, 395, 398 — Tiryns, under Tiryns — from 724 479, 514, 39, 85, 87, near,
seal
near,
at
ofHcial signet,
Siteia,
I.
at
I.
from Karydi, n. 336
il.
—
i.
see
at
and
n.
see
at
IV.
stone,
i.
see
Hearths, fixed
n.
II.
near, n.
iv.
apsidal,
n.
site of,
clay,
My-
II.
346, in. 95
squares, in. 276
IV.
182 n.
IV. 722 Mecklenburg, hut-urns from, n. 132 n. 3 Medallion ornament, M.M. II, I. 261, 268 M.M. IIIfr-L.M. la, IV. 634, 636
290
serpent, n. 146 n.
star, XI.
I,
Measures, liquid, signs for in Linear Script B,
135:
204, n. 582 n.
181 n.
II.
Maze, see Labyrinth Meander, see Labyrinth
cross, n. 327, 663
fork, n.
252
Mayr, Dr. Albert, on Maltese Megalithic monu-
323 at Phaestos, n. 146 at Seraia, n. 63 n. i
M.M.
from,
Mavrokolybo, spring, Minoan conduit, heads towards Palace of Knossos, n. 463, 547,
n. 3
at Mallia,
II
seals
n. i
n.
I.
337, 556,
II.
L.M.
i
Pillar
Minoan Mother Goddess
figurine of
n. i,
II.
11.
13
I.
n.
4
;
:
MEGIDDO Megiddo, battle of, iv. 796 Meir, Tomb-chapel of Ukh-hotep at, 11. 744 Melikreta, offering to dead at Styx, iv. 157
— — perhaps in Diktaean Cave,
iv.
Menthotep, Egyptian King of
172, 247, 274, 466, 557, 558, 560, 561, IV.
— obsidian exported from,i. 6 — pottery from, 508 80 8 466, — — bird 466
14, 20, 34,
11.
vase,
-
56n.
in,
see
Meroe, Queens
—
steatite
Men
84
11.
Draughtboard
traditional head-gear of, iv. 197 Askaenos, sanctuary of near Pisidian tioch,
4, 5, 217, 422,
I.
n. 276, 277,
IV.
An935
n. 2
26, 45, 56, 60, 756,
by,
I
5
of,
III.
i.
70,
11.
Saite
11.
— pyxis from,
II.
n.
I.
81
in,
i.
602
11.
61, 78,
11.
83
ossuaries in,
i.
107,
i,
in, 11. 11.
53
36, 37
ivory seals from,
362 56
at
—
n. I, 742,
III.
iv.
plaque from,
11.
I.
343 685
535. 648. 649. 651, 728, 738, 745. 747. iv.
982
i.
117,
11.
limestone palettes from,
cupped blocks from,
•
24, 217,
120, IV. 511
pottery from,
Dendra,
iv.
31, 32, 193
4
lyre from, 11. 835 n. 3 Men-kheper'ra-senb, tomb of at Thebes, 11. 207,
269
2, 4, 61,
cupped blocks from,
I.
iv.
11.
44
n. 2
982
56
stalagmite pendant from,
iii. 446 Hagios Onuphrios, Kalathiana, Kumasa, Marathokephali, Patena,
and
•
35,
figurines of predynastic type from,
of, 11.
Menhirs, as stelae above cenotaph at, glass
11.
205
25, 26, 11. 23, loi, IV. 464, 526,
ill.
595 n- 2> 596 n. i ivory frieze from,
3,
connexion with Cyclades, II. 193 with Libya, 11. 45, 53, iv. 525; with Mycenae, 11. 66, iv. 237 n. i bull-shaped rhytons from, 11. 260,
11.
245 Menidi, tholos tomb
84 n.
II.
— evidences of Libyan settlement — tholos
982
11.
II.
plain of,
i.
— date of accession 29 — stone mace 26 — marriage of with Hetep, Menelaos, 86-9, 155 — Harbour 37 of,
portrayed with beards,
Mesara bay of,
III.
Mena, conquest of Delta
50 n.
11.
n- 3. 39. 45. 52 date of, II. 41
122
Men,
—
230
11.
80
6
11.
sign, see
of,
23 Mery-ra, see Pepy
with Trypeti,
i.
stela of,
— communications with Knossos,
n."3
Phylakopi
29 plaque from,
620
11.
IV.
8th century B.C.,
Meltem, N. and N.W. wind of Crete,
n.5 Memphis,
chariot, iv. 821
near Knossos,
of,
— breccia quarries
in, ill.
Siut,
at
314 n. 6
III.
IV.
— and
tomb
Mer-Neith, King of Egypt,
I.
iv.
by
n-4
n.
— — — — revival of seal-engraving 560 — from, 444, 445 — walled strongholds
on Greek
11.
n. 2
Meriones, son of Minos,
imported to Mycenae, i. 557, iv. 81 vyith naturalistic ornament, i. 598 two-storied pots, 11. 430 stone pyxis from, i. 112, 11. 40 n. 4 Linear Script A used in, i. 637, iv. 715 Linear Script A name groups in, iv. 715
seals
"• 756. 757 Merckhn, Dr. F. von,
— legendary
185,
IV.
I.
11.
Dynasty,
wooden models of from tomb
20,
i.
nth
176 n. 4 Mercenaries, negro, probably employed Knossians in mainland Greece, iv. 887
157
Melos, connexion of with Minoan Crete,
askoi,
MESOPOTAMIA
[lOO]
see Christos,
Platanos, Port!, Pyrgos, Siva Meskinia, church of St. Phanourios
Mesopotamia,
11.
— of inlaying 732 — origin of wheeled vehicles — and Babylon, Chaldaea, art
at, 11.
251
26
in, 11.
807 Erech, Kish,
in, iv.
see
Sumeria,
Ur
I
:
MESSENE Messene, Megalopolis gate of, i. io6 Metal-work, Minoan wealth of, ii. 635, 640 depicted on Egyptian wall-paintings,
Milato,
11.
inventoried on Linear Script B Tablet from Knossos, 11. 633 E.M., I. 20 I, I.
Ill, rarity of,
I.
iv.
780
in pottery
Neolithic,
E.M. E.M.
II,
M.M. M.M.
59,
10 n. 6
79, 80,
I.
II.
635, IV. 98
I.
L.M. L.M. L.M. see
Ill, lb,
2, 259, IV. 124,
I.
II.
II, II. 55 n. 2, 640, IV.
299-302, 359
Ilia, IV. 335 Bronze, Copper, Gold, Lead, Silver,
Tin
style in
L.M.
lllb, pottery,
II.
of, iv.
220
Mex, limestone
quarries
at, I.
295
system for Egyptian history adopted in this work, I.
Meyer, Dr.
E., his chronological
I, II. 29 n. 4 on the Phaestos Disk, I. 666 Miamu, cave of, carinated bowl from,
Minet-el-Beida, evidence of
—
illustrating
legend of 'Ring of Minos', vi. 957 Mother City of Miletos, iv. 46 Chamber Tomb at, bronze axe hammer
46 n. 4
47
11.
499,
iv.
n.
Beni
i
iv.
Minoan
662 settlement
771
at,
L.M.
contents of,
and
II elements in structure
557, 771, 775, 776-8
iv.
Miniature frescoes, see Frescoes Miniature painting on crystal, in. 107-33,
930 Minoa, I. 2 Minoan, use of term, classical,
— unity — Dynasty, 316
I.
i, 2,
IV.
13
12
i.
of,
I.
13, 315, 316,
II.
91
names
of,
46
n. 4,
on
M.M.
II seals,
i.
271, 272,
278 portraits of,
—
—
on
M.M.
II sealings,
i.
last representative of:
in
human remains from
Temple Tomb
attributed to, iv.
I 008- I
script, see Script
Minoans, average height of, 11. 118 n. Crete, Knossos Minoe, fountain in Delos, in. 74 i.
2, in.
i
:
atid see
74
Minorca, Megalithic columns from, i. 342 connexion with L.M. Crete, i. 494
—
271,
272
Minoid nymphs,
pottery from, iv. 164, 370
sarcophagus from,
in
at
557, 770, 776-8 station in Cypro-Minoan faience trade, iv.
pit
Milato, reputed IV.
i.
at, IV.
— tomb
•
from,
at,
I.
I. 58 Michelangelo, signet-ring of, in. 145 Midea, tholos at, gold bowl from, 11. 505 silver cups from, 11. 505 Mikal, assimilation of to Archangel Michael, in.
480 Mikon, painting on walls of Theseion
11.
Minas, number of equal to ingot, Minassos in Pisidia, I. 6
culture,
30, 31, 300 n.
—
46
Didymaeon
Mimosa, on wall-painting of tomb Hasan, 11. in
130, 138,
IV. 244, 295, 351 Metragyrts, mendicant priests of Rhea-Kybele,
IV.
iv.
ceiling
— Egyptian 'sont'-bush,
553, 567 507, IV. 276, 284, 363
Metapontion, four-rowed barley on coins 628
Metope
at, iv.
B, IV. 625
242-5, 249 n.
298
M.M.
— Boegia 46, 47 — connexion with Crete, — labyrinth on of
170, 191-3
I, I.
II,
II.
Genii, IV. 466
— — —
12
11.
I, I.
Minoan
46
10, IV.
I.
at {cont.)
46 n. 4
—
11.
I.
iv.
359 Milk, offered to dead at Styx, iv. 157 diet of household snakes, iv. 153 seqq. Milk-stones (galopetras), Cretan, I. 673, iv. 446 Millet, carbonized grains of, from N. of Loom Weight Area at Knossos, iv. 622 beer made from, by Paeonians, iv. 625 storage of, at Knossos, iv. 622 represented by Cereal sign in Linear Script
1,1.
faience,
from,
Milchhofer, Prof., on Miletos,
— — M.M. 191-5 — M.M. 553 — L.M. 18 — imitating pottery forms, 425 — imitated in 498, 500,
Chamber Tomb seals
166
—and
MINORCA
[lOl]
MINOS Minos,
Mnoia, Helot
I. I,
9 — bureaucratic 694 — Achaean use of name, 10 — 'adoption of, 10 — Athenian calumny — divine aspect — Dorian use of name, 15410 — Dynastic use of name, 12 — Laws 2 — connexions of name, — mythical date 10 genealogy — of with L.M. lb 888 — of Minoan Goddess, 960 as
organizer, iv.
III.
of,
of,
i.
I.
i
3,
i.
— 40 — tholos E.M. — houses 624 — breccia vases from, 572,
3, 9,
I.
linguistic
I.
of,
of,
II.
ossuaries at,
5
at, i.
I.
10, 11 n.
I.
i
possible identity
Priest-
•
—
to
of, 11. 626, IV. 959,
960
I. i, 11.
28
association
shield
star
of,
190,
i.
I.
•
E.M.
phrios,
—-on
steatite I.
Minoan
69,
11.
seals, 11. 763, ill. 316, iv. 387,
18
— young, 594 Minyan Greece, — trade-route from Asia Minor, — ware, under Pottery
seal
40
11.
to, 11.
— bead-seals from,
11.
63 n.
203 n.
5,
i.
602
253
i, ill.
56, 57, loi,
11.
11.
iv.
i,
17,
271
— signet-ring, gold, from, •
249, iv. 952
11.
— cylinder from, 83 — from, 362 93, — — vase from, 75 — stone vases from, 66, 88-93 I.
I.
11.
n. i
11.
•
I.
168, 169
see
Mirabello, breccia quarries in,
177
I.
I.
-
21,
I.
I.
steatite lid
IV.
11.
III.
11.
silver
387, culture, in
480,
I.
IV.
seals, IV.
II.
I.
I. 359 whorl from Hagios Onu-
589. 594 — on498, Greek
•
345,
234 n. 4
624
I.
69
— Minoan road
11.
— bull-shaped from, 260, m. 205 — chalcedony pendant from, 407 — double from, iS>29 — faience beads and bowl from, 85 — vase from, 115, 258 — gold-work from, 20, 95-8, 125, 423 — horns of consecration from, 57 — ivory from, 83 — pottery from, 584, 623, 75, 76, 345 n. figure
iv.
iii.
— as Knossian coin-type, —-on
and
seals, iii.
of,
I.
iv.
I.
axes, votive,
— of Minoan type with symbols on 316 — Egyptian prototypes 54 — legend 316, 17
72
IV.
subject of ring of, iv. 957-9
Minotaur,
— bronze basins from, rhjrton
iv.
connexion
Sicilian
II, I.
11.
70,
cup from,
king, IV.
relation
in classical times,
Cilician name, IV. 408 Mobius, Dr. H., iv. 169 n. 2 Mobius, Prof. Martin, on saffron, iv. 718 n. 2 Mocatta, Major V. E., ii. 264 n. i Mochlos, cist-tombs at, E.M. II, i. 72 house-tombs at, E.M. Ill, i. 72, 88, 102, 107,
I.
of,
Knossos
caste at
259
Mnos,
I.
i.
—
MONSTERS
[102]
117, iv. 445,
491,492,493,576,627 Mirror, bronze, from Zafer Papoura, iv. 860 handles, ivory, from Enkomi, iv. 190 n. 3, 533, 804 from Mycenae, iii. 61 from Zafer Papoura, III. 415 n. 2
Moggridge, Mr. M., on Maraviglie of Col di Tenda, 11. 170 n. 4 Money-Coutts, Miss M., iv. 347 n. 2 Monkeys, on goldsmith's work from tomb of Kenamon at Thebes, II. 450
— onE.M.
seals,
i.
94, 119, 123,
448,
11.
iv.
486
—
— blue, on fresco from House of the Frescoes
Mississippi valley, two-storied pots from,
— Green, West African,447, introduction of Egypt and Crete, 448, 467 — Soudanese, importation of to Crete,
11.
compared with Golden Bough by
483 n. 3 Mithra, traditional head-gear of, IV. 197 Mitra shell, see Shell Mitsotakis, Monsieur, collection of at Candia, Virgil,
Knossos,
11.
361,
450,
II.
487 n. 4 Mnaidra, Megalithic monument IV.
181
115
into
11.
763 in Minoan religious iconography, Monsters in Minoan art, iv. 432 antlered,
vases,
parallels,
i.
iv.
seals
i.
756
11.
— on Helladic 559 Anatolian 559, 560 — double-bodied Minoan, 585 — on pottery from Melos, 703-5 — on from Melos, 708 i.
at, 11.
iii.
11.
companions of Thoth,
428 Mistletoe,
at
i.
11.
763
:
MONSTERS Monsters
Moustache-cup, connexion
(cont.)
— on 702-12 — on 'Ring of Nestor', — and Genii, Goblins sealings,
worship,
i.
II.
see
in
Montelius, Prof., on hut-urn from Hammar, 11. 132 n. 4 Montemerano, halberd blade from, 11. 172 I
Montgomery, Mr., discovery of
statuette
at
Adana, 11. 220 n. 4 Montigny, Monsieur de, ring-stone in collection of, IV.
Moon on
—
548 n. 2 gold signet-ring from Tiryns,
iv.
461
Morea,
see
Moreau
Hathor
57
11.
Moynihan, Lord, on III. 448 n. 2
effect of
Minoan metal
belt,
Senam of, 11. 38 Mugem, flint-tipped arrows
Msila,
from, 11. 49 n. 6 Muliana, tomb of cymbal-player at, IV. 220 cymbals from, in. 472 pottery from, iv. 372 tomb at, gold mask from, i. 99 pottery from, proto-geometrical, IV. 374, 375,
— —
•
le
Peloponnese Jeune, print of Theatre Franfais by,
56 Morlacchi, peasants of Ragusa, 11. 321 n. i Mosaics, flower-cone, from Erech, iv. 124 from Kirkup, iv. 125 from Ur, iv. 124 standard, from Ur, iv. 810 Town, from Knossos, I. 249, 301-14, 355, •
— —
•
II. 188, 370, 372, 607, 754, 87, 162, 342, IV. 210
488,
III. 7,
85,
of Tashkend, belief as to origin of 11.
324
Prof., discoveries at Phaestos,
i.
37,
11.
M.M.
I daggers,
I.
195
Mother Goddess, see Goddess Mother of pearl, see Shell
Chaldaean,
I.
I.
151-63
sealings
Shrine, iv. 596. Mount Kasios, tradition of
781
cup from Hagia Triada,
11.
W. Max, on Keftiu, i. 177 nn. 2 and 3, 178, 657 n. 3, 746, 748 n. i Murex, see Shell Murray, Dr. A. S., on biblical analogies of Miiller, Prof.
window
scenes,
I.
584 n.
I, II.
— — on Egyptian n.
11.
602 n. 3
49 n.
I
vases,
256 n.
11.
i, iv.
985
I
of, IV.
403
— probably depicted on Procession Fresco,
11.
Musilim, King, mace-head of, iv. 529 Mut-netem, Egyptian Goddess, in. 419 n. 3 'Mycenaean' culture, term as generally used a misnomer, i. i, iv. 283, 294
Mycenae connexion
of,
with Anatolia, n. 21
— with Egypt, — with Minoan Crete, I.
18, III. i.
305 24, n. 201, 202, 217,
287, 452, 591, 596, 697, IV. 222, 229, 248, 283, 887 cult of
16
— Minoan, — throne of Goddess on at, IV.
steatite
741, 742
Motya, coin-types of, in. 765 n. 3 Mould, see Matrix Moulding, architectonic, of gypsum table from House B below Kouloura off W. Court earliest known example (M.M. Id), iv. 74 of the triglyph and rosette friezes of Minoan borders, ii. 594-8 Mouliana, see Muliana Mountain God, Egyptian cuk of, 11. 28 n. 5 sanctuaries,
on
742 n. 3
Musicians, dress
131 n. 3 analysis of
^
n. 6
on sculptures from Atreus tomb at Mycenae, in. 193 Murray, Prof. Margaret A., on symbol of Neith,
Mosaiko, see Pavements Moses, legend of, I. 289 earthquakes,
Dr. Kurt, on silver rhyton from Mycenae, III. 94 n. 2, 96 n. i, 98 n. 2 on stela from 5th Shaft Grave, iv. 252
Miiller,
III.
Mosso,
with
376
crescent, sign in Linear Script B, iv. 685
Moslems
of
II.
57 — fragment of from Knossos, — occurrence of Egypt, 57
Hi. 155
n.
MYCENAE
[103]
Double Axe
at, iv.
351
position of, n. 2
from Central
Minoan
settlement
Minoan roads
to, 11. 91,
168
bridge on, n. 98 n. 2, 99, 168 n. 3 Linear script, L.M. II, type, found at, in
L.M. Ilia connexion,
iv.
373
MYCENAE Mycenae
MYCENAE
[104]
(cont.)
Lions' Gate,
613 n.
i.
308, 343,
199, 515, iv. 612,
iii.
Mycenae, Tholos tombs (cont.) synchronism of contents with those of Shaft Graves,
I
humped
lintel of, 11. 41,
11. 607, iv. 210 scheme of, on L.M. li-L.M. II seals and sealings, iv. 585, 613 debris from vicinity of, iv. 63 n. i Acropolis, amphora from, iv. 276
incurved altar on,
— double axe stand from, 213 — painted stucco head from, 549, 519 — limestone from tomb near, 345 — painted stucco from, 632,
from.
Palace
11.
at,
date of,
iv.
style at
fafade of,
50,
I.
24,
with ladies
at
window,
I.
I.
11. 11.
half-rosette
frieze
829 n.
i.
390,
— movable hearths from, --
Room
pithoi of green Cretan steatite from,
231 (Fig. 178), 637 limestone pot from, with holes for
iv.
Throne in, Cyclopean House, cow and of the
803 179, 180
IV.
IV.
234 11.
41, 697 n. 2^
of Klytemnestra',
I.
344,
11.
36, 41,
671, IV. 222
date of, IV. 237 part of capital from fafade of (since
iv.
lost), its spiral
and plait-work decoration
as described characteristically IV.
M.M. Ill,
229, 846, 847; disappearance
of, iv.
229 and n. 2
442 Well, clay sealing from, I. 222 Lower Town, bead-seal from, signet-ring from,
Ill), iv.
234
'Tomb
679 calf from, 11.
iv. 553 295 Ramp House, fresco fragments from, 11. 432 n. I, III. 36, 207, IV. 20 Private house, fresco fragment from, iv. 441,
warrior vase from,
(M.M.
stone vessels from,
of, iv.
895 fragment of corslet from,
Ill vase
imitating Knossian 'Medallion' pithoi,
inlay
I
pavement
L.M.
intrusive fragment of
from under threshold, IV. 352 and Fig. 294
350, iv. 180, 181
iii.
of,
244
IV.
of,
bull's
242 head rhyton from, iv.
(M.M. Ill), III. 195 n. I, IV. 234 L.M. 111b pottery from dromos IV.
IV.
201
of, 11. 671, ill.
breccia
of, I. 11. ill. 343, 350, 351. 495. IV. 181 n. I Men's, frescoes from, 11. 594, 599, 730, 750, III. 36, 82, 84-8, 208, IV. 227, 799,
hearth
200
gold plates from,
11.
of, 11.
II.
III.
dromos
377. 409. 1"- 60, IV.
87s — N.W. Propylon 692 — limestone and triglyph from, 222, 223 591, 695, — Megara 21, 23, 24, 551,
iii.
Knos-
frieze of,
•
445
444, 445,
Ill),
590, 591, 697, IV. 223; technique of,
671,
in, I.
bull sports,
at, iv.
of, 11. 163,
(M.M.
and triglyph
rosette
II.
frescoes
Minoan type
180, 192-202, 517, IV. 10, 228; of sian Gypsum and school, ib.
236 end of
II, IV.
of,
iv.
352 164, 671, 697, III. 38 bull reliefs of
relation
of, in
43 n. 2 pottery from (the
date of, IV. 237, 613 n. i excavations of British School
600
11.
11.
c
487, IV. 244, 293 of Atreus', i. 343, 11. 41, 43, 67, 10, 222, 223
136,314
— with Palace of Knossos, — redecoration Knossian L.M. 945 — plan 679 — column-bases 213 — from, with
2
latest), II.
11.
i.
III.
'Tomb
ill.
I.
sling bullets
tablet
236, 243
'Tomb of Aigisthos', L.M. lb and
iv.
III.
iv.
'Tomb of Agamemnon', sculptured plaques
42
i.
rosette iv.
461
431, 687,
11.
and triglyph
frieze on, IV.
223
832
Tholos tombs: relation of, with those of Mesara, iv. 237
ivory mirror handle from pit
dromos
of, ill.
gold plates from, steatite
in
61
iv. 242 medallion pithoi from, their
:
MYCENAE
Mycenae, Tholos Tombs, 'Tomb of Klytemnestra (cont.)
M.M.
plait-work an 232, 636, 637 sos, IV. 636,
Ill feature, iv. 231,
Mycenae, Shaft Graves, Fourth (cont.) copper ingot from, II. 624 faience disks of gaming board from,
— —
degradation of such plait-
;
work bands on
later clay pithoi at
Knos-
637
series of stone vessels from, III,
MYCENAE
[los]
—
M.M.
cups from,
41, 697 n. 2, IV. 232, 233 fragment of rosette and triglyph band from,
gymnasium,
11.
ewer from,
I.
720,
721
from, II. 488, IV. 239, 292, 294 Second, metal cup from, I. 243, 244 rhyton with linked circle ornament from, II. 331, IV. 265 Third, amber beads from, 11. 174 crystal pommel from, ill. 108 faience vessel from, II. 741, IV. 690 gold beads from, I. 676 butterflies from, III. 151 chrysalises from, iii. 151 comb from, iv. 1005 n. 2 cross from, I. 516 cup, repousse, from, 11. 504 ewer from, iv. 127 foil fig leaves from, 11. 615 plates from, i. 706, 11. 767, 777, 788 scales from, 11. 788, iv. 661 shrines from, i. 223, li. 187, 607,
— — —
seals
III.
from,
62, IV iii.
408
125., iv.
462, 514, 546,
550. 558, 574 Fourth, circular built altar over, iv. 144 relation between contents and Temple
— Repositories Knossos, 485 — vases from, 309, 391 — amber beads from, 174 — bronze dagger-blade, from, at
i.
alabaster
iv.
ill.
11.
inlaid,
681, 714-17. 720, III.
575 — ewers —531. from, 632 — — sword-blades from,
iv.
301
633
head rhyton from,
11.
iv.
420, 827
838
237, 594,
I.
I.
silver
I.
ewer from,
•
633, iv. 127
11.
rhytons from, II.
640 n.
n. I, III. 31, 82,
I,
162, IV.
—
302, 308, 312, 314,
I.
178 n.
668, 698, 699,
753
2,
344, 530, 536,
89-101,
301,868,955
and lead vessel from, signet-rings from,
iv.
578 n. 5
672, 692, 693,
I.
ill.
95. 50°. 514. IV. 579 Fifth, alabaster vase from, iv. 391
— amber beads from, 174 — bronze dagger from, 361 swords from, 831, 846-8 — wooden with repousse from, 253 — gold diadem from, 217 11.
11.
iv.
gold
caskets,
plates,
iv.
11.
goblets from, IV. 122, 183 n. 4, 276,
363 plates from,
195, 201, 217, 428,
11.
767, IV. 317 pottery from,
— M.M. IIIi-L.M. 361 428, 486, 491, 647 — bowl from, 641 642 ewer from, 647 — 250, 252, 253, 831, 849 date alone 240 — bronze dagger from, 848 halberd from, 172 494, — pottery from, M.M. Illb-L.M. 486, 491 — 248 la,
n. 5, silver
11.
n. i,
11.
11.
stelae of, iv.
Sixth, early
of:
in situ, iv.
iv.
i.
11.
la,
11.
stela of, IV.
bronze swords from,
11.
•
I.
361, 452. 473. 730. 95, 112, 113, 118-24, 130, IV. 527, 11.
11.
195, iv. 242
11.
— obsidian arrow-heads from, — ostrich-egg rhyton from, 595. "• 224 — pottery from, 498, 499 — beaker from, 245
—
615, 806,
188, iv. 183
11.
pins from, iv. 579 lion's
synchronism of contents with those of tholos tombs, IV. 222, 236 First, L.M. la, L.M. lb and L.M. Icpotterj'
—
498,
I.
plates from,
591 n. 3,
IV. 223 n. 2 Shaft Graves, I. 24, 27, iv. 839 n. i date of, IV. 222, 241, 244 Minoan character of relics from,
223, 469,
i.
n. 4. 363. 391. 958
II.
in Hellenistic
i.
430. 452, 481-6, II. 47 n. 3 knots from, i. 430, 431, 483 gold comb from, iv. 1005 n. 2
11.
273 n.
2, 482, IV.
241, 846, 848, 849 gold work from, i. 97, 452, 469, 472,
iv.
253
:
MYCENAE Mycenae, Shaft Graves pottery from,
(cont.)
I.
559 — imported Melian,
Grave
557, IV. 81
I.
Circle, fresco fragments from,
i.
444.
445. 377. 409. 602, IV. 348, 875 gold goblet from, iv. 365 II-
stelae
from,
199, 201,
11.
199, IV.
ill.
248,250,252,253, 831, 849 Tomb of the Genii, date of, iv. 887
Tomb
NATURALISM
[io6]
II.
340, 786,
III.
— — —
pottery from, n. 43
2
n.
glass plaques from, iv. 453, 454 South of Grave Circle, gold signet-
ring from,
Mycenae, signet-ring (cont.) with Gilgamesh and lions, in. 466, iv. 584 with priest and griffin, n. 785 n. i with Minoan Goddess, in. 463, iv. 610 steatite plait of hair from, 11. 422, iv. 482 stone vessels from, n. 44 n. 4, iv. 984 n. 5 Myndos, grave enclosure at, Sub-Minoan
Myra, Lykian rock tombs Myres, Prof. J. L., n. 63
discoveries at Petsofa,
512
Chamber Tombs IV.
654 on fafade of Atreus tomb
837, 839
gold chrysalis bead from,
149,
ill.
151,
11.
iv.
Frescoes at Knossos,
224, 497, iv. 284, 298 n.
Mjrths, origin of,
seals from, iv. 420, 572,
I.
from, iv. 244, 245 Kalkani cemetery, Tomb 516; contents
N of,
887 beads from,
IV.
887 n. 2
bead-seals from, iv. 170, 175 n. 5 Pit graves, Danai as builders of, iv. 237 •
Third Kilometer cemetery, faience of cruciform svsford from,
iv.
hilt-plate
852
flute
frieze from, relief
from,
pottery from,
iv.
11.
iv.
— — — with and 586, 587 — with Minoan Goddess, 402, 610 iv.
I.
•
— with
41 n.
mourning scene,
II-
cattle, iv.
38. 278,
565
III.
iv.
I.
161, 162,
140, 142
752
58
stone, 6th cent. A.D., from, in.
i.
parallel)
63, 83, 84,
23, 32,
vessels
—
549
771
i.
82, 92,
17,
11.
30
Narmer, see Mena Nasamones, Libyan tribe of, I. 126 Natron, found in Libyan oases, n. 54 Naturalism, Minoan, in inverse ratio to Egyptian
i
671
of, IV.
signet-ring with
432. 494.
474
stag, iv.
sacrifice of bull, iv.
-
of, in.
— primitive from, 45, 190 — painted pans from, n. 26, 190 — stone from, 66, II.
IV.
709-17
'stammer', in Linear Script B,
figurines
218, 749, iv. 368, 739,
741 from, vsrith bull-sports, in. 230, with wounded calf, IV. 544 with lion and bull, iv. 501
— with — talismanic, — Cretan type
in Linear Script B, iv.
474 (adoration of Magi: Minoan Naqada, n. 26, 35
seals
lion
—
— jasper ring
869
23,
I.
Nahr-el-Kebir, Syrian trade-route by, Names, evidence from, n. 5
Naples, gesture language
591 n. 3
11.
Nabus, name on Babylonian cylinder from Candia, III. 266 Nachtigall, Dr., on ostrich-egg vessel from Soudan, n. 223- n. 2
—
from, in. 39 figurine of Resheph from, in. 477 gold 'skilling' from, iv. 665 ivory column from, i. 344
— —
457, 620
582
stela
glass
11.
707, 709
signet-ring from, in. 137
bone
in.
Myrtle, on fresco fragments from House of the
1005 n. 2
2,316,321
•
Mycenae,
Rhea, in. 473
pottery from,
IV.
at
Myrrha, rnother of Adonis, compared with
n. 2
combs from,
ivory
i
202
I
788
151-3, n. 35 n.
II-
bundles of arrow-plates from, n.
i.
657, 658, 663
i.
on Minoan dress, II. 33 n. 4 -on date of bronze hydrias from Cyprus,
IV.
314, 463,
at,
influences, n. 361 in treatment of trees, n.
— E.M. — E.M. — M.M.
II,
620
I.
93, 94, 97 Ill, I. 103, 117-21 I, I.
174-6
173, 175, 181, 182-6, IV. 100, 109,
NATURALISM Naturalism
NEWBERRY
[107]
Negro
(cont.)
[cont.)
— MM. — guard, on model boat from Beni Hasan, 263-70, 272-s — M.M. 316, 319, 426, 260, 488, 757 — heads, painted on jewel depicted on M.M. 491, 601 — L.M. 102, 260, 446-512, 319, 312 — mercenaries, employed in Egypt, 46, 756, 281, 880 — and Animals, Flowers, Leaves, Marine 757 II,
II.
I.
III,
I.
27,
IV.
n-
IV.
relief,
I
II,
I, I.
28,
II.
I.
ir.
see
&c.
style,
M.M.
Nature moulding in
— printing
M.M.
in
L.M.
in
Naukratis,
I pottery, iv.
Ilfl, ill.
lb, iv.
in Crete,
—
109
— —-on
361-3
(Coloured
— from 202 — L.M. tombs candlesticks from, — Museum, 368 739 vicinity of,
211
181,
III.
li.
128 •
322 of, II.
— emery from, n.
cult of,
718,
i.
11.
649
4
Necklaces,
M.M.,
I.
shield,
— — shrine
447 of,
iv.
II.
51, 191
II.
50,
II.
11. 49, IV. 171 48, IV. 172
314
III.
23, 29
of, on tablet of Aha, 11. 50 n. 3 symbol of, as tattoo-mark, 11. 51 Nekhebet, goddess of childbirth, iv. 433
—
Nemean
285
II.
584,
lion,
legend
122
of, ill.
— sign of Minoan rank, 862 Neolithic 222 — gold, from Chieftain's Grave Zafer 755 — — Crete, Papoura, 861, 862 32-55, 563, — Isopata, from Royal Tomb 566 in Egypt, 181 222 — on75chryselephantine Greece, 20 37 — on Jewel from Knossos, Nero, reputed discovery of 525, 526 — on fresco of Captain of the Blacks, 755 Knossos by, 673 Nestor, cup 82 of warriors from Knossos, 223, 391, 958 — motive, in L.M. lb ornament, 427, 493, — 'tomb of, 243 as
ill.
arrows,
of,
•
14
I.
755
with Minoan Goddess, 11. 48, 191 with Wazet, 11. 51, iv. 172
— — bow,
Neb-Khepesh-Ra, dagger-hilt
of
11.
il.
•
•
of, iv.
4 House
XIII)
— with Ausean Goddess, — with Hathor, 51
— attributes
43
Navetas, see Naus Navigation, see Ships
Naxos, coin-types
PI.
•
n. 2,
Navarino, Harbour
n.
from
3H
Nans, primitive monuments in Balearic Islands, II.
887
Neith, Goddess, connexion of with Athena,
n. 3
11.
at,
iv.
11.
Frescoes (Captain of the Blacks),
279
of, trade-routes to, 11. 99, 168,
sealings
iv.
757
756, 757,
fragment
fresco
•
292
i.
Nauplia, gulf
11.
by Ibrahim Pasha,
age, in
iv.
Africa,
n.
11.
5,
750,
at
in
iv.
11.
at
lapis lazuli,
i.
-in
I v.
relief
tablets in
script at
11.
11.
IV.
in
— and
•
32
II, IV.
see Beads,
11.
493,
iv.
— coverings of sacred
285
Network
Pendants
Needles, bone, Middle Neolithic, from Knossos, I.
42
M.M.
seals, 11.
Nefem-ra, Princess, figures,
III.
f
200,
i.
11.
199,
ill.
205, 206 i.
314,
955
— — —-for rocks, 314 -on ivory comb from Palaikastro, 1006 — — on fresco fragments from Knossos, — —734 on pithos from House, 381 n. — —-on 'Ring of Nestor', 955 i.
iv.
11.
^
Neferirkere, King,
Negro
IV-
bulls,
pattern, convention for sea,
•
Nefer sign in Egyptian ornament, 207 -on
iv.
I.
'Ring of, see Signets Nestos river, lions near, ill. 122 n. i Net, use of in boar hunting, iv. 574
288, 289
Ic, IV.
in frescoes,
Minoan
IV.
—
285-8
L.M. L.M.
-in
94,
and
on see
i,
iv.
of,
ill.
510,
30 n.
11.
I.
^
4,
n. 3,
11.
statue,
11.
13,
11.
i.
200
n.
28 n. 5
11.
^
736, iv. 266
Town Town
Mosaic,
Mosaic
i.
I
S.
11.
i
iv.
302, 310,
on M.M. II sealings, I. 273 Newberry, Prof. Percy E., drawings of wall-
NEWBERRY Newberry, Prof. Percy E. (cont.) paintings in tomb of Rekhmara,
53 n.
ii.
i,
739 n. 3 on cult of
Double Axe, 11. 28 n 5 on cylinders in Egyptian graves,
n.
at, iii.
61, IV. 547, 548 Nine Bows, collective
tribes,
56 n. 35 n.
11.
attire
of
Queen Hatshepsut,
11.
3
on shield of Neith, 11. 50 New Mexico, two-storied pots from, 11. 428 Newton, Prof. Alfred, on doves, iv. 411 n. 2 Newton, Mr. F. G., restorations by, 11. 674, 814 excavations in Egypt,
11.
York, Metropolitan
Museum, Cesnola
Collection in,
11.
505
n.
158 n. 3
276 Nippur, primitive figurines from, n.
i
— stalagmite vases from, — votive from, tablets
Minoan inlaying,
11.
649,
ill.
Phokas, 11.
Nile scenes in
fortress
of
11.
51, iv. 428
264 n.
11.
3
27 233, 267-85,
at, 11.
—
column-bases Priests'
House
at, 11.
at, I.
683 stores of double axes in,
437,
11.
281
knot painted on wall of, lamps from, I. 437 pottery from, i. 437, 11. 284 n.
11.
284
I.
222, 756
on
Kanli
art,
18, iii. 1 13-17, iv.
i.
ii.
sacral horns from,
11.
281
stores of tripod altars in,
I.
11.
437,
283,
334, IV. 179
— Warehouse
at,
for cult objects, see Priests'
Noack, Dr. Ferdinand, on Chronicle of Diktys Cretensis, iv. 673 n. 2 on oval house at Chamaezi,
181
Nilsson, Prof. Martin P.,
11. 42 n. 3 on Cypro-Minoan krater, iv. 659 on Diktaean table, iv. 157 n. 2 on Egyptian influence on Crete,
iv. 613 n. i 98 n. i, iv. 871 n. heroic cycle, iv. 463 n. i religion, ill. 457, iv. 220 n. 2
sculpture, iv. 613 n. cult, iv. 144,
160 n. 4 frames, iv. 171, 175 n. 5
11.
names
147
Wind in Crete,
6 n. 4
i.
IV.
173
see Negroes Nudity of votaries of Minoan Goddess,
iv.
954,
955 Numeration, Minoan decimal system of,
iv.
662
691, 837 percentages in, iv. 691-3
i
Numerals, hieroglyphic,
— Linear Script A, — Linear Script B, — on bone and
i.
2,
i.
242
Nubia, mercenaries from,
i
153 n.
signs of Delta,
Normanton, Wilts., dagger-hilt from, iii. 119 n. 2 Notched plume, see Adder mark -nth
i
on Minoan building, iii.
Nome
Notios, see n.
I
on snake
—
—
House
earthquake in, in 185 1, 11. 31 port at Canopic mouth of, I. 17, 292-7, II. 26
— helmets,
4, 478,
511, IV. 676 n. 3
175 n. 5, 337, 55o> 615 Valley, dolmens in,
iv.
11. 87 n. 2, 233 87 n. 2 59, 437, 11. 281-5, 567,
•
74, 79
Minoan
11.
— submerged quarries near,
113,
I
Niger, Neolithic settlements near,
432
552 connexion with Knossos, 11. 280, 552 break in history of, in L.M. lb, 11. 348,
118, 127, 131
Kasteli,
11.
Niru Khani, Minoan port
— —
i.
sacral
Nienhagen, Early Bronze Age cemetery at, clay cup of Vapheio type from, 11. 175, iii. 178
Nikephoros
at, iv.
I
15s
Niello, used in
n.
Libyan
786, 885
Nezero, figurine of Resheph from, iii. 477 Nida, plain of, 11. 232, 464 n. 2 Nidhoggr, dragon at foot of Yggdrasil 11. 483,
—
for
Ningirsu, dagger of priest of, from Lagash,
i
I
on male
n.
name
11.49
Nineveh, frieze of Assur-nazir-pal
I
m.
Nimrud, ivory cow from, iv. 555 lion reliefs from Palace of Kuyunzik
—
210
11.
on Ta Tehenu (Olive land), 11. 23 n. on identity of Narmer and Mena,
New
NUMERALS
[io8]
157 n.
2,
iv.
fish
Knossos,
III.
408
i.
279
617-21,
iv.
660, 680
625, 680, 725 bracelet segments from
:
NUMERALS Numerals
OLIVE-TREES
[109]
(cont.)
faience disks
iv.
941
—
iv.
11.
N.W.
779. 790. 792, HI. 83,
iv.
Nuraghi of Sardinia,
fragment of miniature fresco of, from insula at Knossos, iii. 83 on steatite cup from Hagia Triada, 11. 47,
Officer,
— on from Knossos, — on Vase Tablets, 732 — on Minoan weights, 653
IV. 400 on M.M. II seal, 1. 8, 278 Ogival canopy motive, metallic origin
181
Official title
L.M.
o 11.
L.M. II, IV. 318-22 on Mainland, 11. 492,
54
of, II. 191
Minoan brewing
Oats, possible
489-93, 510,
II.
320
of, iv.
III.
177, IV.
281, 285, 419
Oases, Libyan, natron found in,
God
16,
iv.
629 629
iv.
767
of, iv.
— on L.M. ceramic ornament, — on rhyton from Eski Samsoun, lb
relation of to sacral ivy motive,
11.
491
combined with triple C's, iv. 321 combined with double axes and papy-
Obelisk, see Baetyl
Obsidian from Aeolian Islands,
177, iv. 321,
III.
419
rus, IV.
56
319 — from Melos, Minoan trade 56 232, 283, 291, 462, 671 247 — — from of of Knossos, 14 425, 453, 458, 459, — used Egypt, 55 622, 630-2, 647, 648 462, — — in — Alabastron 55 — — from chamber tombs Byblos, Pithos Ointment Alabastron 655, 825 — arrow-heads, from 4th Shaft Grave, Mycenae, Olbe 656 Old Paphos, Enkomi 838 — cores and from Knossos, Old Kakovatos 172 — barber's and from Knossos, 'Old Race' Egypt, 17 i.
11.
14, 20, 21, 55, 66,
n. 6,
11.
Oil,
in,
I.
11.
88,
clear,
Isle
in
Yali,
storage
11.
Italy,
at
I.
IV.
I.
flask, see
I.
alabastra of,
at
jar, see
jar, see
II.
in Cilicia, Priest-kings of,
IV.
flakes of,
•
1.
— rhyton, from Tylissos, Octopus, popular
—
-
11.
in
i.
Olive-land,
54. 68, 170, 172, II. 13, 14, IV. 655 points, from Magasa, I. 34
IV.
56 n. 6
article of diet in
Minoan Crete,
— — and
carbctoized,
III,
on
336, 343,
on
III.
22, IV. 310-14,
Oenochoe, Oesterley,
474, 475 I. 426, 537, 538,
Homer
ill.
514, 550, 816, 817
Ewer Dr., on Biblical examples
dances and ecstatic possession,
of sacred
ill.
69 n. 6
iii.
168
263,
ill.
II.
Linear Script B, iv. 716, 717 combined with overseer sign,
168 iv. I.
265 281,
716 11.
620,
32, 67, 167-72, 190, XV. 16 iii.
•
— on
iv.
on frescoes from Knossos,
— on gold cups from Vapheio, — in sculpture from fagade of at
see
I.
680, 717
IV.
III.
iii.
la,
116,
422, 474, 475, 619, Olive-spray sign, hieroglyphic script A,
Olive-trees,
Oedipus, story of on bead-seals from Thisbe, IV.
11.
M.M.
pottery,
L.M.
156
416,
frescoes,
from Tell-el-Amarna,
651
352. 369. 370. 372. 734, 735 Sub-'Minoan, 11. 343 Odysseus, painting of in Hades by Polygnotos,
Odyssey, see
123 n. 2, 135
11.
167-72
122, 373, 505, 619, IV. 305-4,
II.
from Knossos,
from Knossos,
353. 360, 369, 372, 650, 651
L.M.
23, 54, iv.
1.97
457
lb, IV. 276, 277, 281, I.
11.
see Oil
446, 491. 502, 541, 930
II,
54
Olive sprays, in gold, on jewels from Mochlos,
M.M. II, I. 247 n. 2, 272, II. 453, 507 n. 2 M.M. III. I. 609, IV. 224, 445, nn. 5 and 6, la, IV.
il.
716
631
L.M. L.M. L.M.
I.
Ta Tehenu,
Olives, introduction of into Crete,
as ornamental motive
III.
6, 11.
Pylos, see
170,
knives,
flakes
—
I.
see
Mycenae,
ill.
177, iv. 16
Atreus
Tomb
196, iv. 16
signets of hieroglyphic class, IV. 346, 717,
718
:
OLIVE-TREES
OXEN
[no]
silver rh)rton
iv.
99 43
Os, terminations Carian,
Olshausen, Prof. Otto, on amber beads from
on
II.
resin
Osiris, a
iv.
among,
iv.
407
n.
II.
11.
840
11.
I
iii. 124, iv. 453, 547 Tyskiewicz gem (bull and tank), iii. 185
Ophiothrix, see Brittle-star
Oppermann, Dr. Hans, on Syrian connexions of Kybele and Attis, iv. 479 n. 3 Regina, Nature Goddess,
11.
191 n. 4
Oran, South, tholos circles in, 11. 38 Orange, use of in M.M. I polychrome
style,
i.
Ill n. 4
Orchomenos, apsidal type of house Minoan civilization of, I. 24
— — tholos tomb I.
at,
at, I.
24 n. 2
carved limestone ceiling
of,
202,
II. 205, III. 371, IV. 242, 874 fresco fragment with rosette and tri-
glyph frieze from, III. 208
— L.M. Ill
11.
592, 594, 599 n. 3,
stirrup vase with Linear inscrip-
tion from. III. 426, IV. 672, 681, 739 Oreo, Grotta dell', fresco at, iv. 188 Oreo Feglino, rock sculptures at, 11. 170 n. 4 Orestes, legend of, on bead-seals from Thisbe, IV.
515. 550
Ormerod, Mr. H. A., discoveries at Chukur Kend, I. 50 n. 2 Orrescii, coins of, iv. 564 n. 3 Orsi, Dr. excavation of chamber tomb at Milatos by, IV. 46 n. 4 ,
223
vases, 11. 223 n. i adapted as Minoan rhytons, 11. 265 Ostrich-egg rhytons, from Mycenae, i. 237, 594, 224. IV. 265 595.
imitated in pottery:
— from Vapheio,
Ops
222
11.
223
11.
— on Egyptian stone
838
compared with stalagmitic bosses, 11. 838 Onyx, lentoid seals of, from Argos, I. 434, 11. 619 n.
756
"
11.
of Cretan Zeus,
11.
11.
magical beliefs associated with, 11. 223 influence of on prehistoric Egyptian pottery, II.
cover,
840
— on fresco fragment from Knossos, — tomb of Dionysos, 838
27
11.
made from
— modern,
i
Omphalian Plain, see Pedeada Omphalos at Delphi, with reticulated
5
Minoan
in Africa, Neolithic,
silver
workings near, iv. 169 n. 2 Omani, brachy cephalic type with Armenoid profile
shepherd God,
vessels
797
Olympus, Mount (Mysian), remains of
I.
i
222 n. 5 imported into Crete,
—
IV.
Minoan,
Ostrich eggs, from Neolithic sites in Sahara,
loii n. 3
Olympia, apsidal type of house at, I. 24 n. 2 votive bronze chariots of Geometrical period from,
in,
6 n.
I.
Ossuaries, see Burials,
174 n. 3
from Isopata,
iv.
466
ill.
Olous, see Elunda
Knossos,
Minoan seal,
Orvieto, reputed provenance of
Olive-trees (cont.)
— on from Mycenae, — on Hagia Triada sarcophagus,
M.M. M.M.
II,
I.
Ill,
237, 238, 285, n. 223
I.
594, S9S, Ostrich plumes of Goddess
II.
303, IV. 269
Maat on signet-ring
from Phaestos, II. 764 worn by Libyans, 11. 49 Oven, Roman, from House of the Frescoes Knossos, II. 433 resemblance of Libyan beehive hut to, Overseer sign in Linear Script B, iv. 700 combined with olive sign, IV. 716 in personal names, iv. 701
—
11.
at
39
Ovid cited, 11. 131 n. i, iv. 476 Owl, E.M. breccia cup shaped as, iv. 487 ivory seal from Mesara of similar form, IV. 487 (Figs. 410 and 410 bis) on sealings from Temple Repository, i. 695 Oxen, remains of, from Neolithic houses at
— —
Knossos,
II.
10
— draught animals in Chaldaea, 810 in Crete, 831 156, 224, — from Knossos, 153, — on M.M. II Tovra Mosaic, 302, 310 — sign hieroglyphic 219, 281 as
IV.
iv.
11.
i.
figurines of,
iv. 3
i.
i.
in
script,
I.
in Linear Script B, iv. 685, 713 in Linear Script B coupled with saffron
sign in name-groups, IV. 713
— couchant, on L.M. 565-7.572,595 — horns votive — and Cattle of,
see Bulls,
clay,
seals
I.
and
sealings, iv.
153, 158 n.
I
OX-HEADS
Ox-heads, from House of the Sacrificed Oxen, ii. 302 on fresco fragment from Knossos, 11. 157 weight, from Diktaean Cave, iv. 655
— — —
sign, in Hittite hieroglyphic script, IV.
713
n-4
Palaikastro, Port of E. Crete,
253, 508
11.
— M.M. ni-L.M. town 560, 567 — evidence of destruction L.M. 348, 308 — House B 567, 353 — Minoan sanctuary 2 251 — M.M. 149 — Linear Script A used 676 489 — bronze instrument, perhaps from, of, 11.
I
district,
11.
83s n. 5
III.
I, II.
'
568,
at, 11.
n.
III.
I ossuaries at,
Palaikastro,
I.
224,
Oxford, Ashmolean
M.M.
terra-cotta, 11.
la,
from
156, iv. 808
I.
n. 3,
stilus,
13 n.
Museum:
—
164. predynastic ivories from Hierakonpolis
in, 11.
23-5 signet-ring,
from Smyrna,
229
ill.
763 11.
combs from,
1005, 1006
iv.
figurines of boys from,
— — — M.M.
iv.
29, 180, 185, 224,
I, I.
II.
364, IV.
100, 405, 807, 808
M.M. M.M.
II,
242,
I.
m,
II.
219 n.
I, IV.
119, 134
I.
597, 60s la, II. 476, 486, 537, iv. 364 lb, II. 489, 510, IV. 284, 651 n.
— — L.M. — — L.M. — from, 450, 500 — bowl from, 633
n.
11.
cup from,
I.
631,
cylinder from,
11.
II.
i
438
503
— — double-axe stand from, IV 212 630, 631, 636
I.
574 stone base for double axe from,
— 427 4 — Linear Script A from, inscribed 489 — terra-cotta figure from, 13 n. 3
n.
11.
at, jar
burials in,
I.
585
— burial from, M.M. IH, 608, 609, 610, 252 185, 364, 424, 500, 507, 627, — clay larnakes from, 126, 586, 185 jars
I.
126,
IV.
II.
11.
I.
Paeonians, brewing of beer from millet by,
iv.
n.
i.
in
II.
i
group of lyre player and dancers from, II. 84in. 3,111. 72, 73, 439 n. 2 model of ship from, 11. 240 Palanquin, use of in
Minoan
Crete,
11.
157, 577,
578, 772> 773
— miniature from Knossos, 220, 224, 157, 158 — on fresco from Knossos, 158, 721, 770-3, terra-cotta,
625 Painted stucco, see Frescoes Palaces, Age of in Crete, 11. 267, 667 M.M. la, I. 26, 127-48, 11. 268
I.
II.
11.
— 215, 396, 398, 594, 883 — M.M. n, 206-9, 214, 215 Rome — bays and projections in outer walls date of dove 269 — and Knossos, Mallia, Mycenae, Phaestos, — L.M. pottery exported — bowl from, Tiryns 418 IV.
Palatine, see
I.
of, 11.
Palestine,
cult in, iv. 411 to, iv.
I
see
silver
Palace sign, Egyptian, i.
i.
I
iv.
tablets
Minoan,
80
vessel from, iv.
Oyster, thorny, see Shell
Pachyammos, cemetery
446
ill.
knot from, I. 433 pottery from, E.M. II, I. 77, E.M. Ill, I. 107, 112
libation table from,
179
i
I.
steatite
465 steatite cylinder fromHagiaParaskevi, Cyprus, ill.
from Abydos,
632 n. 3 IV. 980 n.
11.
— cupped blocks from, — ivory axe from, 433
seals
relief of bull-sports
ill.
I
ewer from,
cup from El Kab in, 11. 57 four-sided bead-seal, with Cretan hieroglyphic inscriptions, presented by Mr. Greville Chester to, iv. 667 n. i lion's head rhyton of alabaster (restored) from Central Treasury, Knossos, 11. 830-1 painted amphora from N.W. Border, Knossos, presented to Excavator by Cretan Government, IV. 305 n. 3 from Little Palace, iv. 328 n. i flask (Late Geometrical) from Milatos, iv. alabaster
i
n.
at, iv.
Ox-wagon, painted
tin flask
561,
at in
at, 11.
on bead-seal from Candia
IV.
PALETTES
[III]
358, 359,
358, 359
11.
55
— terra-cotta doves from,
Palettes, marble,
881
iv.
iv.
from Paros,
391 n. 6 11.
44
n.
2
:
PALETTES
PARTRIDGE
[113]
Palettes {cont.)
— predynastic Egyptian, 46,49 — stone, from Cyclades, 44 slate,
11.
from Mesara,
11.
ii.
27,
44
n. 2,
Papyrus early Egyptian boats of, 11. 26 emblem of Wazet, goddess of Delta,
11.
776
wand of Egypt, 11. 466 use of for Minoan documents, ill. 424,
IV.
593
sacred
n. 2
44
sulphurous ebullitions at, Palladium, Minoan anticipations Palici,
11.
—
461
of,
11.
50,
II polychrome ware, iv. 136 perhaps related to Egyptian tree sign,
—
M.M.
\l\b faience, iv. 1013, 1014
M.M.
I.
II hieroglyphic,
638,
i.
16
IV.
253
— in Minoan Nilotic scenes,
— on Minoan
— on plaques from 5th Shaft Grave, Mycenae,
— on pottery, M.M. I, IV.
I.
253, 263,
177 n.
III.
L.M.
•
III, lb,
I.
I.
594,
II.
254, 459,
lamp,
478, IV. 271, 272,
L.M. L.M.
Ic, IV.
II, IV.
sealings,
seals
I.
three,
—
on on
M.M.
L.M.
498
•
Ic pottery, iv. 366,
367 Panamara, hair-offering in Temple of Zeus IV. 478 Panamoros, name of one of the Kouretes,
IV.
at,
6,
near,
11.
76, 77
see Lilies
lily,
seals,
i.
Paphos, Kinyras
360
— L-M.
Ill, IV. 369, 371, 375,
747 double axe and 319; octopus and triple
ogival canopy, IV.
C,
—
IV.
308
seals, III. 116, IV. 491, •
on Syro-Phoenician
550
cylinders, iv. 555
ill. 147 Parchment, coloured, probable Minoan use of
window
panes,
Parian Chronicle,
i.
ill.
9, 11,
342
12
I.
560
36,
—
by Parthpnon,
of, i.
II agate prism-seal from,
Kaffirs,
11.
in Sumatra,
403
see
52 n. 2 52 n. 2
11.
Athens
Partridge frieze from Knossos, 11
see
M.M.
650 n. I, 742 n. 3, 792 n. i, 836 n. i, 44 n. I Paris, Comtesse de, in Spanish bull-fight, iii. 228 Paros, house at, i. 148 marble palettes from, 11. 44 n. 2 Parrying stick, used by Minoans, II. 52 II.
IV.
564 of, 11. 837, IV.
— sanctuary 161 — Old, Enkomi Papouda,
115
III.
Paribeni, Dr. R., discoveries at Hagia Triada,
Minoan S.W. road
Pandoros, story of, IV. 834 Panelled decoration, on Anatolian vases, on M.M. II pottery, i. 260 -on medallion pithoi, i. 564
on
477,
combined with
for i.
479
Pancratium
II.
16, II. 749, IV.
Paradise, Rivers of,
_
Panasos,
478, iv. 281
•
11.
pottery, iv. 367 on L.M. 16 and
644
L-M- II, II. 373, 410, 539, 540, III. 385, IV. 308, 319, 323, 337, 353, 369
274, 431, IV.
494 II-L.M. Illa pottery, 11. 493-9 on M.M. 116 and M.M. Ilia
inflorescent,
11.
— L.M.
of, 11. 497,
frescoes,
11.
•
324
— on and 253, 568,582,585,595 — Egyptian equations
910
i.
— — — L.M. la,
272, 293, 369
14-17
345, 429
I.
pottery,
281, 369
iii. 1
361, 446, 447, 448,
345 ceilings, iv. 242 gold plates, iv. 242 jewellery,
224, 303 II.
11.
"I- 371. 372, IV. 891,
272
M.M.
frescoes,
bronze cup,
II,
11.
art, 11. 199,
744> 745
^
IV.
I.
484, iv. 274 478-93 on bowl from Sakkara, 11. 750 on tomb of Rekhmara, 11. 744 on scarabs of i2th-i8th Dynasties, 11.
•
ill. 423 280 in Linear Script B, iv. 685, 686 Palm-trees, on gold cup from Vapheio, ill. 177,
sign,
473 19, 200-2, 274, 509,
704, 705. "• 207, 484 M;M. II, I. 18, 289, 291 origin of sacral ivy motive,
motive in Egyptian
136
used for writing in Crete,
11.
—
Palm leaf, on M.M.
in
Egyptian {waz),
sign,
ill.
314
IV.
as religious symbol,
i.
477
.
no
n. I, 452,457, 460, 728, 730,
,
114, 116, 449
III.
211, IV. 6
:
PARTRIDGE
PELOPONNESE
[113]
Partridge (cont.)
— Cretan, habits — regarded
112
of, 11.
as table delicacy in the Levant,
11.
Pavements, plaster (cont.) in basements by Central Court, ill. 22 in houses under Kouloura off W. Court,
— — 70 — of shrines strewn with
114
IV. 66,
Pashley, Robert,
Pasiphae,
on tomb of Zeus,
154
i.
3, 11
I.
schist,
on L.M. sealings, iv. 607, 615: and see Bulls, Calves, Cattle, Cows, Goats, Oxen, Pigs, Sheep Patena, ossuary at, E.M. la pyxis from, iv. 90 Patroni, Dr., on halberd from Gambara, 11.
Pastoral scenes
at, iii.
Pausanias cited,
III.
Megaron
at
My-
early
at
II.
11.
524, IV. 480
— Upper Long Corridor near Propylaeum, 716 — Propylaeum, 688, 689, 696, 225 — Upper Rooms of Caravanserai, 107 — Roman, over Theatral Area, 18 S.
see tarazza,
below
II.
and
S.
358
11.
of Central Court at Knossos,
later,
iv.
iii.
356, 366,
Pavement games,
slabs for, at Kavusi, in. 395 at Knossos, in. 390
367
— of basement N.W. Insula, 18 — of ante-room of Room of the Throne, 903 — of Corridor of the Procession, 683 'kalderim', of the 397 — of Queen's Megaron, 359 — of Room of the ICnobbed Pithos, 360 — of Corridor of the Procession, 683 in
at Mallia, in. 392, 394, iv.
ill.
iv.
n.
11.
i
Paximadi, island
iii.
ill.
n.
11.
i
Temple Tomb,
limestone, of inner court of
999
M.M.
116 date of.
III.
360
24
n. 88, 239
of,
Peacock plumes, worn by Priest-king, n. 777, 778, IV. 400
by Minoan sphinxes, n. 777, 778
'Lair', ill.
'mosaiko',
iv.
11.
11.
5
gypsum, of Queen's Megaron,
IV.
519
of Hall of Double Axes, in. 330 leading to S. Propylaeum, 11. 686
deposits on, chronological value of, earlier
i.
in. 360 n. 2
— above pavement of Central Court Knossos, 800 — of light-area in S.E. angle, 327
Pavements cement,
I,
cenae, IV. 895 in later Palace at Tiryns, iv. 895 taraiza, 11. 107, 523
477
iii.
sea-shells
and L.M.
Ill
stucco, imitating marble in
172 n. 2 Patso, bronze figurine of Resheph from cave of
Hermes
M.M.
Peas, used as food in
L.M.
period, iv. 621
Pebbles, with chalky inlay, used as Neolithic
amulet
Knossos, n. 15 Knossos,
at
— — on Neolithic — on of
as basis for cult objects at
floor
i.
517
floors, 11. 18
late
Shrine of the Double Axes,
— in Magazine of Medallion n. 336 320 — in Domestic Quarter, 319, 346 Pectunculus, Shells — in Queen's Megaron, 356, 359 Pedeada, n. 315 — in basement of Room of the Knobbed — Minoan roads n. 78 — modern road n. 547 Pithos, 360 — N.W. — from, 674, 445 360 — in S.E. Pedestal, gypsum pyramidal, from private chapel 574 — ante-room of Room of the Throne, of House of the High Knossos, 211 903 — in Palace, compared with Double Axe stands, 517 — in House of the Chancel Screen, 211 2 rape of Helen by, 188 —395 in pre-Hellenic harbour of Pharos, Hagia Pelagia and Pelagia 296, Pithoi,
'
i.
I.
see
iii.
63,
to,
Portico,
in
insula,
62, 63,
to,
III.
seals
ill.
iv.
I.
I.
in
Priest at
iv.
IV.
Little
11.
iv.
iii.
Peirithoos,
n-
297 pebble, Neolithic in houses at Knossos,
— in
late
Shrine of Double Axes,
plaster, in Neolithic houses,
11.
18
11.
11.
336
iv.
Pelagia, see
i.
18
n. I
Isis
Peloponnese, n. 99, 168 devastation of by negro troops under Ibrahim Pasha, II. 757 n. 4
—
•
— tholos tombs
in,
n. 40,
iv.
243, 244
PELOPONNESE Peloponnese
Pessinus, cult of Attis
(cont.)
— from, — swinging seals
iii.
26 n. 9 Penates, sanctuary of at Lavinium, 11. 131 n. i Pendant, heart-shaped, from Knossos, amethyst, 410, 411
;
Tarkhan,
gold, ibid.; cornelian, 410.
210 n.
from Temple Repository,
498, 499 gold, from Aegina,
iv.
11.
Museum
Petsofa, rock Sanctuary, bowls covered with
small vases from,
— votive
446
— —
IV.
I.
180
terra-cotta female figurines from,
197, 276, 680, ill.
London, University Col-
Petrie Collection, see lege
waz-lily, 11. 644 Pendlebury, Mr. and Mrs. John, IV. 66 n. 2, 86 n. I, 963 Penistache, see Sheath Pentozales, traditional dance in W. Crete, iii.
II.
33, 237 n.
I, III.
I.
439, 450,
162
later shrine at,
158
I.
objects from,
I.
table from,
636,
steatite libation
I.
15 1-3 11.
440
bowl, inscribed, from,
Phaestos, Palace of,
I. i,
10, 13, 26, 27,
iv.
657 87
11. 2,
M.M.
II plan of, I. 144, 206 destruction of at end of M.M. II,
75 Egyptian vase with cartouche Perdix, see Talos I,
of,
i.
93
on sardonyx
survival of
bead-seal from 3rd Shaft Grave, Mycenae, iv.'5i4,
at, II.
406 n.
2, 648, II. 130, IV. 184,
i.
206
313 n. 2 Perrot, Monsieur, on sculptures of Atreus
Ill architectural
work
Tomb
Mycenae, iii. 193 Persephone, comparison of with Minoan God467 Persson, Prof. Axel W., discoveries at Asine, II. 202 n. 3, IV. 755, 758 n. 2 discoveries at Dendra, iv. 245 discoveries at Midea, 11. 505 sees an inscription in Cypriote characters in graffiti of Asine jar, iv. 755, 757 and nn.
and 2 G. M. da, engraver of signet-ring of
Pescia,
Michelangelo,
iii.
145
319, 347 at, i. 280, 647, 648,
A used
IV. 676 road connexion of, with Knossos, with Komo, 11. 90, 91 central Court, ill. 351, 373-7 column-bases at, I. 211, 11. 688
11.
III.
at, II.
Linear Script
at
dess,
M.M.
348
age, IV. 78 earthquakes
185
on snake sanctuary at Prinia, iv. 160 n. 4 Peronne Museum, gold signet-ring in, iv. 585 Perrey, Monsieur Alexis, on earthquakes in Crete,
552,
possible rival of Knossos in proto-palatial
550
'Pemier, Prof., discoveries at Phaestos, n. I,
I.
553,11. 287, 319, 347,* 348 in L.M. 16, III. 308, IV. 786, 885
pots, see Alabastra
Periphetes, death of, represented
I
graves,
92 n. 2 v/hh duck hunt,
hornets, iv. 75, 115 stalagmite, from Mesara,
Perfume
Egyptian
II.
faience, floral type,
Pepy
in
I
on Minoan pottery from Kahun, I. 266, 488 n. 4 on use of circle in Egyptian ornament, iv.
407
from Knossos, duck-shaped, iii. 412 from Kumasa, toad-shaped, ill. 412 from Mallia (M.M. la), with bees or
—
65
I.
on cylinders
from Gournia, ill. 411. magnetite from Avgo, E. Crete, ill. 411. chalcedony, dove-shaped, from Mochlos, iv.
17s n. 5
—
on Egyptian
31
i.
on black-topped Egyptian pottery, I. 79 on late pre-dynastic stone vessels from
I.
—
at, i. 3
Flinders, views
chronology,
crystal
— —
W.
Sir
Petrie,
218, iv. 573
in, IV.
III.
PHAESTOS
[114]
11.
28;
fa9ade of,
——
iii. 7 hut floor near, 11. 131 n. 3 koulouras at, I. 207, 450, li. 580, 66
lattice
work on
walls of,
i.
iv. 65,
373, 374, 376,
377 I. 406 n. 2 magazines in, i. 144 mason's marks on, I. 133, 11. 146 n.
lustral basins in,
shrine in,
11.
i
195, 217, in. 392
'theatral area',
i.
207,
11.
578, 580,
iii.
395
PHAESTOS Phaestos, Palace of (cont.)
W. W.
PIGS
[IIS]
Pharos Island, pre-Hellenic harbour
Court,
I.
207-9
Porch,
I.
214, 215, 424
discoveries),
Phigalia, bead-seal from, iv.
— double 787 — of — tripod cauldron, axe,
Philistines,
11.
votary,
IV.
488 n.
I.
fresco panels,
11.
764,
ill.
11.
157, 204, 424, 494,
364, 637, 639 ritual conch-shell, shell inlays,
11.
III.
403, IV. 117, 336,
stone bowl,
221
i.
Phoenix,
I.
I.
Thothmes IV,
9, 11 n.
i I.
493,
11.
9
Phylakopi, Melos, early settlement
tablet,
III.
iv.
no
24
I.
bird vases,
tiara),
I.
654-8
em766,
522, 536, 542-4,
I.
II.
453, in.
heads with feather-crests on,
iii.
598, in. 115, 385, iv. 330
I.
557, 558, 560, 561
i.
kernoi, lily
75 n.
I.
vases,
I.
6, in.
of, IV. 744, 986,
loio
'Mediterranean' type 659, 660, 662,
663
tomb
of, iv.
n. 615 Pianosa, Neolithic pottery from, Phytalos,
986
of,
I.
21
Pictographs of American Indians, in. 58
I.
557 phonographic elements on, I. 659 pottery found with, I. 648, 649 subject of, I. 662, 663, 665, 666 tablet of Linear Script A found with,
393
558
Physiognomy, Minoan, proto-Armenoid type
95
as pictographic sign on, iv. 173,
I.
704, n. 179,
fruit-stands, in. 276
——
100
11. 87 Pharaoh, divine titles of, i. 3 dynastic use of name, i. 3
i,
alabastra, in. 312, iv. 290, 341
bath pans,
647, 648 Phalasarna, I. 298,
307 n.
115 n. 3
647-68, II. 50, III. 100 Anatolian connexions of (Lykian fa9ade,
Ill parallels with,
il.
I.
III.
27, 256 n. 3, 613, 615, 618,
83s ideographic elements on,
547,
— ivory plaque from, n. 473 — pottery from, 20, 247, 267,
219, IV. 158 n. 2
I.
symbols of Ma, Hittite
I.
128, 378
of, 11.
horn-bow
6, iv.
40
flyiiig-fish,
at, 11.
III.
564
at,
broidered dress,
offerings,
clubs on.
at, 11.
n.
i.
Late'
— inscribed 280, 647, 648 — Zeus Velchanos worshipped 843 — ^ on coins 843 i.
657
— plan of houses 562, 564 — drains 299 4 — 156, in. 78 — Mycenaean well in. 256, 257 — frescoes from, female figure with
231-6 II. 606
Phaestos Disk,
11.
i
Phrourion, see Guard-station
at, 11.
611
i.
Phoenikes,
I.
— model of swing, — table of
—
4 n.
with,
of Keftiu mentioned in port of, in
fortifications at,
46
terra-cotta female figurine, iv.
M.M.
11.
at, 11.
steatite libation vessel, iv. 91
seat,
666
I.
i.
Minoan connexion
annals of
70
130, 133 Neolithic deposit, I. 34, 37, 521, 11. 12, 742 pottery, I. 180, 258, 259, 260, 267, 415, 11.
jars,
Phoenicians,
— ships
185
iii.
gold signet-ring,
— —
with,
657 "-2
941
hut-urn,
Minoan connexion of,
731 n. 4,
354,
466
Phlius, Neolithic remains at,
2, 11.
11.
in. 228
— on Pylon of Medinet Habu, in. 95 — trespass offerings 153
461
ill.
11. 131 n. 3 Disk, see Phaestos Disk, below
faience plaques,
V of Spain,
Philip
539-41,
i.
114
III.
bead-seal, iv. 434 bronze dagger, 1. 195
at (Jondet's
292-7
Pheasant on Minoan frescoes,
objects from:
figurine
18,
i.
— Minoan,
see Script
Pidasa, confederates of Lykians,
Pieper, i.
Dr.,
I.
663, 666
on cylinders and scarabs from
Egypt, II. 210 n. I bones of, from Neolithic houses at Knossos,
Pigs,
II.
10
— M.M. from Petsofa, — importance of in Minoan Crete, I figures of,
i.
153
iv.
572
1
PIGS
Pillar-trinities {cont.)
— on Minoan bead-seals, — and •
see
Pig sign,
—
IV.
with Tanit,
572
M.M.
II hieroglyphic,
i.
281
in
Trojan askoi, iv. 81 head sign in Linear. Script B, iv. 722 in name-groups, iv. 71
Pilasters in walls of Palace at Knossos,
—
monuments,
840,
11.
•
ill.
on Syro-Hittite
possibly bi-sexual, cult of, Maltese,
Minoan,
322, 514, iv.
cylinders, iv.
187
322 458, 610 ill.
840
11.
20, 348 associated
—— with Minoan Earthquakes, 324 — with double axe, 348
Goddess
of
at
Knossos,
I.
Cave of Eileithyia),
I.
Cave (Psychro), form
of,
— and
11.
622
see Flute
purpose
Pits, circular walled,
of, 11. 609,
610
— construction of for peculium of dead, loii — Tiryns, 144 Minoan — graves, Minoan — Knossos, M.M. 236: and sacrificial, at
iv.
I.
441
I.
see
at
I.
at
II.
Pillar-shrines, of
11.
— — — green
11.
triple division of,
Ill
220-3
from 'Clytemnestra Tomb'
iv.
231,
material, iv. 232;
I.
Mycenaean
steatite
Mycenae,
IV.
i.
see
I.
pottery, see under Pottery
Minoan Mother Goddess,
— miniature,39from Knossos, — 635
II, at
Koulouras Pithoi, used for storing oil, I. 458, 462, IV. 622, 630 limestone, fragment of, from Corridor of the Magazines, iv. 232
222, 441
cult,
see Burials,
storage,
838, 839
11.
at
L.M.
i.
Pit-caves, see Burials,
— and double axe 218 — Knossos, under Knossos — Mallia, 436, 322 — Zakro, 567
•
Snake tubes on Hagia Triada sarcophagus,
see
iv.
'of the House',
— on
i.
252, 253
on Procession Fresco,
431
omphalos,
767,
Palace, in.
440
839
Pillar-crypts,
m.
and
pottery, iv. 348, 352, 370
in Dictaean
—
in.
—
— musical,
natural, stalagmitic (in II.
from Mycenae,
168
from Mallia, iv. 75, 125 from Mochlos, I. 95-7 in form of antlers of fallow deer, from Mycenae, 4th Shaft Grave, iv. 579 on Cambridge statuette, iv. 32 Piperis, Minyan ware from, i. 194
11.
on talismanic bead-seals, iv. 446 guarded by lions, on signet from Mycenae,
11.
silver rhjrton
— wood, use of in reconstitution of
141,
11.
— sacred, on L.M.
on
99
820
323 323 at Mycenae, iv. 348 at Mallia,
iii.
II.
Pipes, terra-cotta, for drainage at Knossos,
iv.
11.
•
632,
50,
I.
Pins, gold,
11.
— — at Old Salamis,
657
288
182, 189, 323, 324, 820, iv.
11.
Pindus Mountains,
458
182, 189
11.
i.
136, 314 Pine-trees,
baetylic, in Megalithic
191
Pinax, votive, from Mycenae,
Columns
— — Minoan,
—
11.
11.
11.
Pinara, reliefs from,
^
Pillars, see
191
11.
— Liby-Phoenician, — Malta, 191
Sow
Boar,
skin, imitated in
Pig's
PLAIT- WORK
[ii6]
Pigs (cont.)
pottery, iv. 349,
35°
—
ornament, stone,
iv.
and
637;
M.M.
Ill plaitwork
229, 636, 637
from Knossos,
— on E.M. Ill
at
Cretan
their
seal, 11.
11. 697 n. 2 54 n. 4
— on frescoes from Knossos, 445-7, 599 stream, 90 from Mycenae, 90, 91 599 — on from Knossos, Plait-work, on from Mochlos, 94 523, 767, 804 — on from Mainland, 550 — on rapier from Mycenae, 846, 847 — Hal-Tarxien, Malta, 183, 189 — on gold armlet from Troy, 97 — on stone associated with Baal-Haman, (M.M. 412, 419, i.
sealings
seals
at
11.
Pitsidari
11.
85,
seal
11.
I.
iv.
iv.
11.
i.
vessels
Pillar-trinities, II.
11.
Pitsidia, village of,
11.
191
II.
Ilia),
348, IV. 229, 233, 637
r.
PLAIT-WORK Plait-work (cont.)
— on
gypsum
Platanos {cont.)
Klytemnestra Tomb,
capital
—
229; importance for M.M. Illfl dating, ib.; its disappearance, ib. taken over from stone-work on to Minoan IV.
—
pottery, iv. 636, 644, 647, 846 Plants in ceramic ornament. Middle Neolithic, I.
PORPHYRY
[H7]
42
from, Babylonian cylinder,
seals
15, 186,
ivory,
118-20,
I.
199, 448 n.
11.
i, iv.
499,
627 scarab,
199, iv.
I.
steatite,
439
179 n. 10, 240
11.
— signet from, 139 — stone bowl from, ill.
M.M. M.M. M.M. M.M.
lb, IV. 93, 94,
100
11.
263 (Fig. 194 e, g) 116, I. 254, 264 (lily, crocus) Ill, I. 594 and Fig. 436 c, opp. (palm-trees), 596 and Coloured PI. VII,.
603-9 260
lla,
I.
vetches, tulips),
(lilies,
L.M. lilies,
I,
II.
469-76
11.
469, iv.
(grasses, crocus,
star-anemone, vetches, labiates, bulb
flowers, olive-sprays), iv.
L.M. L.M.
639-42
II, II. 786, IV. 332, 353 I-III in hybridized or composite
forms with elements taken from sacred papyrus, &c., 11. 475-80, iv. 322-9 on faience from Knossos, 11. 188
on
frescoes,
604, 60s,
i.
426, 537, 538, 539-41,
Platyperama stream,
Ploughs on rock-carvings of Col di Tenda, 170 n. 4
— on talismanic bead-seals,
;
Haliartos, iv. 672
II.
9
170, 171
Roman on
amphitheatre,
silver
ill. 224 mines near Trebizond,
169 n. 2
Polygnotos, picture of Odysseus in Hades by,
156
III.
Theseus and Peirithoos by,
Naturalism, Olive, Reeds, Roses, Trees,
188 n.
iv.
i
Polyrrhenia, talismanic bead-seals from, iv. 445
Violets, &c.
Plaques, crystal,
of
I.
11.
Polo, Marco,
673
Crocus, Dittany, Flowers, Grass, Hybrid Types, Iris, Leaves, Lilies, Myrtle,
448
:
Podium
see
iv.
11.
Plumes (Libyan) worn by bowmen on predynastic palette, 11. 49, 51 by tumblers on gem, IV. 502-3 and see Helmets, crested, and Peacock Plutarch, on discovery of prehistoric writing at
Po, valley of,
I.
at source of,
Minoan settlement near, 11. 231 Plectrum on painting at Beni Hasan, 11. 837 Pliny the Elder cited, iv. 130 n. 2 Plot or garden sign in Linear Script B, iv. 720
363. 371. IV- 1002
on gold cup from Mycenae, 11. 188 on seal stones from Sphungaras,
68
11.74
— on Theseus,
II-
193
11.
Minoan main Southern road
328, 354. 391. 456, 458. 459. 473, 680 n. I, 749, III. 114, 130, 167-72,
— and
I.
265, IV. 54
II.
ill.
109, 409, iv. 928, 930
Pomegranate buds, bone inlays
of,
from
W.
— Temple Repositories, 496 188, 262, 731, 170, 552, 940, Pontus, connexion of with Minoan Crete, 941 — 658, 764, 766 454, 455 — — gold embossed, head rhytons from, 201, 767, 777, 788, 538 — polychrome vases from, 658, 659 242, 317 — imitation marble, 702^ Poppy capsules held by Minoan Goddess on — bead-seal from Thisbe, 458 533, 555 — and Inlays Porches and of Egyptian rock tombs, faience,
I.
iv.
11.
i.
11.
IV.
glass, IV.
11.
bull's
195,
n.
11.
i
11.
IV.
11.
ivory, IV.
ill.
porticoes,
see
Plaster, use of in building,
11. 353, ill. 22, IV. 66, 70: and-see Stucco Plataea (Cyrenaic), identity of with Seal Island,
II- 37. 89. 90 Platanos, tholos ossuaries^t,
— dagger from, — pottery from,
11. i.
273 n. 186
i
11.
36, 81
III.
201
M.M. and
II palaces,
see
I. 214, 215 under Knossos
Porphyry, M.M. II use of, I. 211 bowl, Early Dynastic, from Knossos,
—
II.
30, 56, IV. 985 n.
E.M.
II,
I
from Isopata,
i.
87,
11.
58
i.
65,
PORPHYRY Porphyry
—
Pottery, Neolithic {cont.)
(cont.)
prehistoric vases of,
from Naqada and Hiera-
konpoUs, II. 30 Port, see Harbour, and Harbour Town under Knossos Porti, ossuary at, rhjrton with bull-sports from,
miniature vessels of,
cipient stage of Early Minoan),
176,
and punctuated,
Poseidon, hair-offerings to, IV. Poterium spinosum, used as stopper for water 113 n.
II.
i.
63,
11.
36, 41, 42,
with white and red inlays, IV.
11.
10,
90 i.
36-8,
9 n.
11.
i
9, 10
survival of tradition of punctuated and inlaid Neolithic patterns, IV. 82,
I
i.
10, 13, 15
II.
washed, n.
49 n. 7 477
11.
33
I
rippled,
lized
Portugal, trapezoid flints from,
brown burnished,
black and
I.
93 Portraits, on M.M. II sealings, i. 271, 272, 276, II. 268, IV. 400, 474: physiognomy genera•
i.
Wares: Neolithic
incised
174 n.
11.
3 — — E.M. II stone vespel from,
12 {andcf. Fig. 5,^)
11.
Upper Neolithic (including in-
Transitional
9 n.
205 resin from,
III.
pots,
POTTERY
[ii8]
I.
176, 177,
87-9
Shapes:
Pottery: Minoan (with Neolithic) Chronologically Classified and Selectively
Catalogued by A. E. Neolithic:
basin, bowls, ear-handled,
— carinated, — pedestalled,
(with Sub-Neolithic) phases, 1. 15 seqq incised decoration characteristic of 'Middle' phase,
36, 41
I.
;
12 n. 4 (inset)
II.
cups, n. 10
ibid.
ladles,
rippled ware
i.
polish
of
II.
9
pans, upright-walled,
37 (Fig. 5)
'Middle'
Neolithic
spindle-whorls,
sherds, 11. 9 bridge-spout appears in 'Upper' Neolithic,
trays,
1-37. 39. Fig- 6, a growing use of potter's oven in 'Upper'
beak-spouted,
Neolithic (including Sub -Neolithic), 56,
II.
9,
10
beginnings of lustreless glaze slip painted decoration in 'Upper' Neolithic, clay figurines, birds
and animals,
46 abundance of clay squatting or female 'idols', I. 46-52 (Figs. parallelism
38
i.
i.
45,
sitting 12, 13)
of these clay figurines with
Cycladic marble types,
I.
47 seqq.
their parallelism with those of Oriental
Mother Goddess, i. 49-52. range of stone maces from Neolithic Strata, I. 54, and cf. 53 (Fig. 15 a) chrysocolla stud from, found with polished
and incised ware of 'Middle' phase, 54-5
58
proto-dynastic Egyptian copper type,
inlaid with white
chalky material and ferruginous red,
I.
I.
and Sub-Neolithic), with cordon or band round middle, 11. 12 (Figs. 3 m, and 4); compared with
chalices (Late
successive 'Lower', 'Middle' and 'Upper'
brilliant
12
Ii.
10
11.
i.
I.
11.
11.
9
13
37
ear-handled,
11.
12
11.
bridge-spouted,
9 n.
11.
i
10
Localities:
from Knossos, i. 36-41, 623, 11. 9-12 from Neolithic houses, 11. 17 from beneath Central Court, 11. 8 from beneath remains of original fafade (a few M.M. I), 11. 613 from Magaza, E. Crete, i. 34 from Mochlos, i. 57 from Mainland, 11. 4 from South Russia, 11. 4 from Thessaly, 11. 4
— — —
of Eastern Balkans,
Minoan, E.M. of
11.
4
I {see too transitional stage
'Upper'
Neolithic):
handmade,
generally with reddish core,
I. 56 pottery from early votive deposit, Mochlos,
I-
58, 57
;
POTTERY Pottery,
POTTERY
[119]
Minoan, E.M. and
'pedestal
Pottery (cont.)
I (cont.)
stemmed
evolution of
type,
'chalice'
base',
Minoan, E.M.
or
proto-dynastic Egyptian copper type, 12 (and inset n. 4):
II.
cf. 10,
Fig. 3,
I.
woodwork
and
60,
Figs. 19
of
in
survival
graining
A, B, E,
vessels
with
in,
I.
59,
F perforated
handles for suspension, I. 60-2 rise of painted pottery in both dark on light
,
type (Kumasa), I. 75-8 second phase of E.M. II painted ware illustrated
and
on
light
dark,
black lustrous paint, painting of,
i.
i.
63,
I.
62-4
64
26, 38
i. 59, 60 ornament, iv. 84 n. 2 hatched ornament, I. 93 n. 4 herring-bone ornament, iv. 90
burnishing
of,
'butterfly'
imitating metal,
i.
class,
character
of
Egypt,
baking
loop-handles,
I.
of,
I.
58,
ir.
428-30
60
38, 56
Localities:
from from from from
vessels
II
from
iv.
of,
i.
75, 76
1.
98 117, iv. 80
I.
I. i.
73 (Fig. 40), 74
92
78, 79
Localities: I.
round bottoms, I. 60, 63 beaked spouts, I. 63 square mouths, I. 58 baking
E.M.
i.
cap-like covers,
pyxides, iv. 90 two-storied pots,
79;
11. 635, iv. 363 74, 11. 635, iv. 402 n. 3 pans, pedestalled, I. 75, 76 (Fig. 43 a, b); Egyptian suggestion, ib. and Fig. 45
ewers,
gourd-forms,
57
78,
cups, pedestalled,
bridge spouts,
63
I.
46);
wide
Sphungaras, I. 79, 80; bridge-spouted bowls derived from early dynastic Egyptian copper vessels, i. 80-2, iv. 363 Shapes: asked, I. 117, IV. 80
bird-shaped,
I.
parallels,
ib.;
ib.
metallic types of
I. 59, 60 collared vessels, I. 60
chalices,
ladles,
technique,
brilliant
(Fig.
original model drawn from pre-dynastic
tumblers,
i.
77-9
i.
prototypes of kernoi,
59
Shapes:
by
Vasiliki
at
'mottled'
Mediterranean
60
floors,
tables
lithic),
imitation of
House
II
Mochlos Tomb, i. 74 (Fig. 41) and pans, including primitive kernos
burjiished 'chalices' of (and proto-Neo-
compared with those from Dynasty Tombs, AbyHos, 11. 12 chalices and other types from Ossuary Cave, Pyrgos (near Niru Khani), I. 58-60 revival of incised and punctuated ware,
E.M.
Knossos, I. 73 (Fig. 40), 74 bowl with elaborate geometrical decoration,
m (a) First
II:
various types from
from
'bowls'
Gournia, iv. 84 n. 2 Hagia Photia, i. 64 Knossos, I. 60, 61, 11. 9
Komo, 11.^88 fromMiamu, i. 58 from Mochlos, i. 57 from Patema, near Palaikastro, iv. 90 from Pyrgos (by Niru Khani), I. 50, 60, and Fig. 19, 11. 10, 12 from Stravomyti Cave, 11. 69 n. i from Vasiliki, I. 60
from Knossos, i. 74, iv. 79 from Gournia, i. 80 from Kumasa, 1. 117, iv. 80, 163 from Mochlos, I. 74 from Palaikastro, I. 77, iv. 80 from Sphungaras, 11. 635, iv. 98 irc^m Vasiliki,
Minoan, E.M.
I.
77-9,
IV.
363
Ill:
characteristics of,
I.
108
novel fashion of white decoration on dark
ground, 1. 108-12 white on dark E.M. Ill pottery specially characteristic of E. Crete, i. 108-10 (Figs. 76, 77),
iii-is (Fig. 80
a, b)
partial survival of 'mottled' Vasiliki ware, I.
108
partial survival of dark
ground,
i.
108
ornament on buff
POTTERY Pottery,
POTTERY
[l30]
Minoan, E.M. Ill
Pottery,
(cont.)
beginnings of polychrome ware traceable to,
no,
I.
(spouted jug (Ash-
III
molean Museum), found c. 1896) spouts become less elongated,
spiral
now
system
cable,
113, IV. 91 goats with cross-hatching,
a
running
I.
spiral,
la early polychrome ware chevrons,
112 (Fig. 80
chequers, and punctuations, I. 175,176, IV. 87-90 explanation sought in survi;
val in perishable materials, iv. 91 and
incised
survival of
ment on,
and punctuated orna-
n. 2
exceptional appearance of rude male figure
114, 115
I.
M.M. I polychrome pot, I. 607 (from this time human and animal forms disappear from the painted on
Shapes: askoi,
115-17,
I.
bowls, IV. 99 n.
79-82
IV. I
bowl-shaped jug, one-handled, i. no, in; with prominent bridge-spout, IV. 94.
ladles,
I.
spouts,
seal-stone,
I.
I.
124,
11.
54 n. 2
114
I.
no,
108,
loop-handles,
I.
III,
III.
402 n.
i.
I.
107-13, 166, 623,
69. 94. 95. 99 n.
iv.
now produced
I.
of un-
IV.
98
(cf.
and sea tang (primitive
115 decorative plant
style),
i.
182,
forms on
earlier poly-
—
textile style, iv. 93, 100,
lOI rosette iv.
polychrome design suggested by
roundels for inlays,
iv. 91,
92
on polychrome jug, iv. 94 dark on light technique, I. 164;
cross in circle
from Kumasa, iv. 80 from Mochlos, i. 623 from Palaikastro, I. 107, 112 from Pyrgos (near Niru Khani),
return to
'butterfly'
from Stravomyti Cave, 11. 69 from Vasiliki, I. 107-13
I.
60,
n. i
Ceramic polychromy now well established, 172-5, IV. 71, 85-91, 97-101, 105-8,
168-71 I
phase
Deposit,
illustrated i.
i.
166;
heron on,
I. 182, 183 cockchafer (beetle) in relief on
bowl,
la.:
M.M. by Vat Room
pattern frequent,
by Drachmani jug, ib. three wild goats and water-beetle on, 1. 182, 183, and cf. IV. 74 for water-beetle paralleled
114, IV. 80
cf. I.
ossuary of Platanos,
108)
chrome vases
9411.3
earlier
374-6)
surpassed tenuity of fabric, fish
i
from Arkalokhori Cave, i. 59, 114 from Gournia, I. 107-13, iv. 92 from Kamares Cave, i. no, in,
and
iv.
IV.
from Knossos,
Minoan, M.M.
607, 608,
primitive
I.
Egyptian influence on, in. 402 n. 3
I.
195egg-shell tumblers
115-16
Localities:
till
mature M.M. la pottery found with Babylonian haematite cylinder dating from Hammurabi's time {c. 2100 B.C.) in
11. 69 n. i painted vessel in form of woman holding
Minoan World
of the
mature L.M. Ill and proto-Geometri-
3
60
lug ears,
breasts,
pottery
cal times,
95 623
on
pithos,
pyxides,
This
on M.M.
survival of Neolithic tradition
112,
i.
8)
I.
>
jug with double-axe pattern, i. 173, 174 (early house floor under West Court)
109-12
i.
vase),
and houses beneath Koulouras 2 and 3 iv. 66-87 ^^^ by ,
'butterfly'),
rosette,
Dove
Pillars (with
146, 172, 173;
I.
no, in
i.
introduced,
(Figs. 76, 77) typical patterns of (curves,
Monolithic
Knossos,
at
Minoan, M.M. la (cont.) by earliest stratum of Basement of the
168-75;
moulded
IV.
M.M.
74
cockle-shell
from
M.M.
la house
B, IV. 108 (Fig. 75), 109 'barnacle' work, iv. 100, 102, 108 stage of barbotine) trickle
la
ornament,
11.
300
(initial
POTTERY Pottery,
M.M. la (cont.) M.M. la pots, i. 144
Minoan,
groups of
82-4
167, 173, IV. askos, IV.
bowls,
79 172, 181,
1.
cups, IV. 93 pedestalled,
—
ewers,
II.
31 n.
104 n.
I.
iv. 84, 85, 87, 94,
'fruit-stands',
369,^.405
676
176, iv. 73 pots, i. 104 n.
incense burner,
iv.
i
72
168,
127,
(for
271, IV. 73
II.
185 loom weights, iv. 71 ir.
pipkins, IV. 73 pitchers, ill. 254
72 tumblers (egg-shell I.
:
imitation of
band-handles,
I.
168
i.
109 n.
I.
Egyp-
168, 169, IV. 98
.ledge-handles, spouts,
Palaikastro,
11.
i
185
185, 224, IV. 405,
I.
Phaestos,
Psychro,
144
I.
158, 159
I.
Sphungaras, I. 109 n. TruUos, 158, 159 Vasiliki,
i
186
I.
with
style further developed,
and flowers
in textile style,
i.
18
combined with brilliant polychromy, 1. 179, 180, iv. 105, 106-8, and Coloured PI. XXVIII
floruit of barbotine,
144
— 88-90, 98 — houses under Kouloura W. Court, 71-4, 79, 82-9, 93, 94, 109 — magazines, 127, 664 — well near Ariadne, 254 IV. 85,
off
IV. 66,
Proto-palatial
11.
1.
Villa
ill.
Court of Stone Spout,
i.
175,
85
— House of the Oxen, 300, 301 — Monolithic Crypt, 74, 86 — Porch, 104, 289 — Portico, 153 — beneath Theatral Area (M.M. la M.M. 247, 248 — House of the Chancel Screen, 2 —395 drain in S.E. Angle, 368, 369 — wall above N. Lustral Basin, — embankment of bridge over Vlychia, 153 — Early house-floor, 172 Sacrificed
Pillar
11.
iv.
II.
I.
S.
Pachyammos,
(Fig. 133, ^), IV. 100,101
from Knossos, i. 176, il. 31 n. i, 202 n. 6 Vat Room Deposit, I. 164-93, II. 666,
S.
I.
ment for madder-red and orange (becoming yellow) more frequent, iv. 99 plants
i
Localities:
IV.
271 109 n.
11.
substitution of powdery vermilion pig-
tray, iv.
tian copper),
Mallia,
Mochlos,
polychrome
175, iv. 689 n. 2
i.
i
Minoan, M.M. lb:
pyxides, iv. 88-90 'sheep-bells',
683 n.
11.
Krasi, iv. 676
802, 807
from from from from from
straining liquids) larnakes,
— — — — — Corridor of the Procession,
from from from from from
168
i.
hole-mouthed I.
i,
I,
Minoan, M.M. la. Localities, from Knossos {cont.) S.W. Columnar Chamber, iv. 3 S. House, IV. 87 wall of W. fa?ade, 11. 665, 666 corridor by W. Entrance, 11. 669 n. i
Pottery,
(Phaestos),
Shapes:
jars,
POTTERY
[121]
II.
146,
to
Ilia),
•
III.
11.
n.
11.
iii.
II-
i.
13 n. 3
influence
coiled
of
110-15,
shell
New
from
(parallels
cf. I.
patterns
on
Mexico),
iv.
185
influence of local marine forms ('thorny
'thorn-back'
oyster',
crab,
and
sea-
urchins &c.) on development of barbotine ('prickle-ware'), iv. 104, 105 influence of 'tun shell' (Dolium), iv. no,
and
III, 114,
cf. I.
Coloured FL
crocus flowers imitated, of
i.
I, b, d.
368, 369 ('Close
M.M. la'), IV. Coloured PI. XXVIII,
c,
opp. p. 106 (preferably included
in
M.M.
lb)
polychrome imitations of breccia, showing the red, white-bordered veins, i. 177, 178 (Fig. 127, b,c) clay imitation of copper amphora iridescent :
sheen
(in
(Seager)),
M.M.
lb deposit,
Vasiliki
193 imitations of silver kantharos (found with
them nia),
i.
in 'house-tomb' ossuary, I.
191-3 (Fig. 139, a,
Gourfrom
b, c);
POTTERY Pottery,
Minoan, beneath
M.M. M.M.
lb (cont.)
Pottery,
I floor, Pseira,
192
i.
(Fig. 139, d), 193 (alternating white
and
dark to imitate effect of shining metal rivets of prototypes shown, i. 191-3) Shapes: askos, IV. 106
bowls,
193, IV.
I.
— four-handled, 93 — with miniature
IV. 134,
135
i. 180 (Dove oxen and herdsmen), 181
figures,
on
POTTERY
[laz]
pedestal,
(Fig. 130) cups, IV. 106
— pedestalled,
I.
spouts,
iv.
opp.
II
PI.
p.
241
parallels of rosettes,
star flower i.
Coloured
architectonic
;
11.
697
cup resembling calix of waterlily below (perhaps suggested by lotus) with delicately embossed surface, i. 241 egg-shell cups with fine metallic lustre and stamped patterns, i. 242 comparison with Hellenistic metallic lustre ware with central "medallions' reproduced from those of Dionysios of
egg-shell
242
'
tro with potter's signature in
189
i.
Minoan
hieroglyphics of contemporary Class
239
tumbler,
and
cup of plain black lustre ware from Palaikas-
fruit-stands, iv. 100, 115
I.
Ila (cont.)
patterns of metallic lustre,
I.
hole-mouthed jugs,
M.M.
Syracuse with signature of Euainetos,
186
ewers, iv. 87
pyxis,
Minoan,
egg-shell cups with rosette
B,
99
185 miniature painted wagon,
11.
156, IV. 807,
808 Localities:
from Knossos, iv. 115 town drain, iv. 93, 106 under N.W. Treasury,
— — — house of Palace, — deposits on Palace S.
iv.
242 ornament of cups mechanically printed by half-section of cane, I. 245, 246 white blotches on dark ground repeated (as in similar fresco process) by dabbing with a small sponge on stick, i. 244 (Fig. 184 b), 245, and see in. I.
C-like
I.
11.
76, 97, 616
87
361-S 97,
shallow carinated bowls imitating liparite
105, 106 nn. I and 2 from E. Crete, 11. 214 n. 2 from Hagia Triada, I. 179, 189, 239 from Kamares Cave, I. 189, IV. 105, 113,
bowls copied from the traditional Egyptian diorite bowls, many fragments of which occurred at Knossos, I. 178, and cf. 85-7 cups and bowls painted to imitate conglomerate and breccia, I. 177, 178
114 (Fig. 80,
from
borders,
iv.
fl).
Palaikastro,
I.
29,
180,
186,
11.
156, IV. 100
(Fig. 127 d,g), 238 (Figs. 178, 179) veined creamy white patterns on buff ground, fragments (from Royal Pottery
from Phaestos, i. 180 from Phylakopi, i. 20 from Pseira, i. 193 from Vasiliki, I. 185
Stores, Knossos), I. 178 (Fig. 1:27, d) hole-spouted polychrome vase with scroll-
Minoan, M.M. Ila: epoch of acme of Minoan Ceramic Art reflecting architectonic style of con-
temporary Palaces Phaestos,
at
Knossos and
237 Polychrome cups with arcaded patterns, reflecting fluted gold cups, i. 243, I.
244, and folding Fig. 183 perfection of 'egg-shell' ware,
work of extraordinary
chrome patterns, i. 246 (Fig. based on sepia type), 247 earliest
choicest
examples from Royal Pottery Stores, Knossos, I. 240-4
elaboration in
creamy-white orange and crimson on a lustrous black ground, i. 246 (Fig. 186 a), 247, and Coloured PI. Ill comparative examples of elegant poly186, /,
imported Minoan sherds in Melos,
M.M.
Ila,
'Venus-pecten'
I.
247
(compound
on M.M. Ila cups:
bivalve) reliefs similar types at
POTTERY Pottery,
Minoan,
M.M.
Ila
;
iv. iv.
119 'creamy-bordered' class of M.M. lla polychrome vessels, iv. 120-22; based on
work,
silver
iv.
127
lotus derivatives with quadruple
S pattern on polychrome vase, Phaestos parallel to Egyptian scarab types, I. 257 (Fig. 192, b), 258, II. 204 n. 4, 205 M.M. Ila polychrome sherds from Harageh, of Seiiusert II's time (c. 19061888 B.C.), II. 211, 212 (Fig. 119)
—
late survival of
barbotine style on painted
sherd of Harageh group, (Fig. 119 'Racquet and
a),
11.
211, 212
213, IV. 108 (Fig. 74) pattern (outcome of
ball'
earlier loop and disk) on M.M. Ilfl polychrome pottery, 11. 217, 218; occurs on Harageh sherd (of Senusert IPs time), II. 213 (Fig. 119 g); prominent on large polychrome jar from S.E. Palace Angle, 11. 217, and Coloured PI. IX, d i on 'egg-shell' bowl from M.M. Ila deposit, Knossos, ib. c. I, 2; on polychrome fragments found in M.M. Ila stratum of section explored under E. Steps of 'Theatral ;
Area',
ill.
249
(Fig. 172), 250; survival
of the 'racquet' motive
itself
on M.M.
116 bridge-spouted pot (monochrome),
137 (Fig. 107); and on L.M. la (on one-handled 'alabastra'), 11. 512 (Fig. IV.
315 h) (and cf. a), iv. 267 (Fig. 197) cross-hatched decoration on polychrome tumbler, as on Harageh sherd, (cf. II.
iv.
131
219, Fig. 119 h)
white
like the shell,
body painted
with
fittings in-
dicatedin 'orange, vermilion, and black (fragmentary remains. Royal Pottery Stores), I. 594, 595, Fig. 436 a, ii. 223, 225 (Fig. 129, 3). (For Egyptian ostrich-egg flask with mouthpiece, of
iith-i2th Dyn., and modern Soudanese parallels, see 11. 222, 223. See
Rhytons)
deposit, II. 215, 2x6 polychrome tazza of quatrefoil shape with crinkled rim and thorn-like bosses (outgrowth of barbotine), I. 239, 240, Suppl. PI. Ill a, 24^7, 249 n. 3, IV.
134, 135 (with M.M. \h prototype) origin of 'tortoise-shell ripple' decoration in imitation metal fluting (on
bordered' fruit-stand),
Coloured palmette nail
XXIX,
PI.
reliefs, iv.
iv.
'creamy
120-1, and
e)
119
and thumb marks associated with repousse ornament,
120
iv. 118,
from polychrome composition, IV. 128, 129, Coloured PI. XXX d SS motive, i. 243, and folding Fig. 183 a, 4 dark on light technique, i. 244, 245, 247 light on dark technique, i. 244, 247 argonaut
relief
Shapes: bowls,
213,
I.
134, 284 cups, I. 242,
216, 300, IV. 118, 119,
II.
II.
213, 219 n.
iv.
126
I,
463,
IV.
jars,
I.
117, 132-4
beaked ewer, filter, II.
213
fruit-stand,
I.
hole-mouthed 266, 267,
239 bridge-spouted
II.
215, IV. 131
knobbed pithoi,
I.
231, 236,562, 567 n. 2;
profiles of, IV. 644,
ostrich-egg 'rhyton',
645 11.
223, 225 (and
see above)
pilgrim's flask,
spouts, tazzas,
I. I.
tumblers,
11.
179, 215, 216
IV. 131 239, 240, Suppl. PI. Ill a,
247,
IV. 134,
M.M. Ila class from Kahun {see under M.M. 116), i. 266
sherds of
ostrich-egg rhyton type, the
Minoan, M.M. Ila {cont) swastika on polychrome jug, S.E. Angle
Pottery,
{cont.)
Knossos, Phaestos, and Palaikastro, 1 16-18 on creamy-bordered bowl,
too
POTTERY
[123]
II.
215,
135 iv.
99, 130
Localities:
from Knossos,
I.
247,
iii.
216, 320, 463,
298 Royal Pottery Stores, i. 231-47, 11. 213, 216 store-house beneath N. W. Treasury,
IV.
— — 616, 97, 99, 130, 131 — House of the Fallen Blocks, 132 — House of the Sacrificed Oxen, — other houses, 215, 218 II.
IV.
11.
300,
IV.
11.
11.
300
POTTERY
Minoan, M.M. Ila, Localities, from Knossos [cont.) S.E. polychrome deposit, 11. 218-220, and Coloured PI. IX (fragments parallel with those from Harageh)
Pottery,
—
— E. Slope, Ill, 126 — beneath Theatral Area, 248 — E. Quarter, 134 — Palace Magazines, 231-6, 562, 360 422, 576 — basement of Monolithic 239 — Koulouras, 118, 119, 128 IV.
iii.
iv.
I.
n. 2,
II.
III.-
Pillars,
I.
iv. 53, 54,
— Loom-weight Area, — W. Court, 610
iv.
iii
iv. 50,
211
Dibaki,
11.
Greece,
iv.
90 284
II.
c.
184 Palaikastro,
I.
242,
11.
219 n.
i, iv.
119, 133, 134 from Phaestos, i. 231-6, 562, 567 n. 2,
later
116:
phase of polychromy visible, showing tendency towards monochrome decoration,
mature M.M. 116 style best represented by deposit in Loom-weight Basement, I. 248-58; parallel deposits at Phaestos, I. 258, 259 frequency of rows of disks, an architectonic feature derived from beam ends of
house fronts on frescoes and faience inlays, artistic
I.
258
form injured by mechanical ad-
—-growing use of potter's wheel:
vance
generally adopted for medium-sized vessels,
259 concentric string markings on bases oftenvisible,
I.
due to cutting
i.
from stone-
259
now
not organically moulded with but attached to it, i. 259 large jar from Loom-weight Basement with triple groups of inflorescent palmtrees (matt creamy-white with outlines and details in rosy terra-cotta on handles
vessel,
i. 253-6; evolution of date-palm type on Minoan vases, 493-7, and Comparative Table,
black ground),
L.M.
496—M.M.
Ic: influence iv.
L.M. L.M. II
Ilia,
of on
324-6.
symptoms of reviving naturalism, polychrome pot with saffron flowers, from Kamares Cave, i. 263, 269 (Fig. 197), Madonna lilies on polychrome jug from Knossos, flowering olive sprays on polychrome sherd from Knossos, I. 264 (Fig. 194^), 265, cf. 11. 474 imported Minoan sherds found by Prof. Petrie at Kahun, ranging from M.M. to close of
M.M.
116,
i.
266, 267,
210 (great epoch of Kahun, approximating 1849-1765 B.C., I. 270) diorite statue of Ab-nub-mes-wazet-user under pavement of Central Court, in M.M. 116 polychrome stratum, I. 286II.
90 (perhaps of 13th Dyn., c. 1750 B.C.) Garstang of bridgespouted jug with typical M.M. 116 polychrome decoration (including the rows of disks) in virgin tomb at Abydos (Egypt), together with cylinders of Senusert III and of Amenemhat III (c. 1849-1801 B.C.), I. 267-9, and Suppl. PI. IV, 11. 209, 210
discovery by Prof.
178
I.
259
ware disappears,
Ha 11.
204 n. 4, IV. 117,637 from Trypeti, 11. 83, 238
Minoan, M.M.
I.
Palace Style,
later than 1906-1888 B.C.), II. 213, 216, 228, III. 250, IV. 108 from Kamares Cave, I. 238, 239, 247 n. 2,
from
out sheen,
lb,
Harageh (cemetery not
Senusert II's reign,
lib {cont.)
bizarre veining also derived
Fig. 301, p.
53
11.
11.
M.M.
Minoan,
imitations of metal-work, heavier and with-
II.
11.
Aegina,
Pottery,
this
II.
— old N.W. Court, — S.E. Angle, 214 — outside Palace, 213 from from from from
POTTERY
[134]
off
rapid revolution (Dawkins),
disappearance of egg-shell ware,
when i. i.
259 259
in
Egypto-Minoan pottery of M.M. 116 class made by Cretan potters at Kahun, 11. 211
polychrome pottery of well
as
Aegina, at
M.M. 11.
Kahun,
M.M.
116 class (as
imported into 211 (Helladic sherds found Ill),
ib.)
rim of small jug with cockles moulded on it,
IV. 1
16
POTTERY Pottery,
M.M. M.M.
Minoan,
examples of
116
I. 261, 262 (Fig. ig^g-l) showing pointed petals, I. 267
thorn in profile
—imitation
of barbotine,
IV. 131 (Fig. 99), 132 flower-chain pattern developed into foliate
band,
269, 270. attenuated foUate bands characteristic of i.
M.M.
116 polychromy,
255 (Fig.
M.M.
256 (survive in
centre),
191
i.
Illfl)
Loom-
pottery of miniature class found in
Basement
weight
Minoan, MM. Knossos (cont.)
(perhaps
votive),
— Koulouras, 122, 126 — beneath Central Court, 800, — beneath pavement Queen's Megaron. 358 — Loom- weight Area, 493, 488 — Entrance of E. Corridor, 264 — beneath Portico of Hall of Double Axes, 332 — houses under Viaduct, loi iv.
white on dark ('monochrome') technique characteristic of latest class
M.M.
banded
(white-
ill.
S.
III.
11.
from Mallia, iv. 696 n. 3 from Mavro Spelio, 11. 557 from Phaestos, i. 258, 259,
Knossos,
II.
Mavro
Spelio,
557, 558
jars,
III.
5
253, 260,
I.
II.
III.
493,
177 n.
— hole-mouthed bridge-spouted, 21, 238,
II.
488 219-
i, I.
pithoi, corded,
111.
M.M.
partial
I.
roughness
withM.M.
552, 553 of fabric
end
contrasted
II, 1.592,
survival
591 of black-glazed
ground
usually distinguishes M.M. Ilia fabrics
from b, and
1.
Earlier
M.M.
414.
(penultimate) stage
later
of
demarcated in the N. Lustral Basin by earlier and somewhat Ill
later stratum, I. 420 brown-stone bridge-spouted vessels with circular borings inlaid with white shell
faced imitative pots with white spots
on dark ground,
of Hyksos
Abydos, polychrome vase with cylinders of Senusert III and of Amenemhat III (c. 1 849- 1 801 B.C.), I. 267-70 (Ashmolean Museum), 11. 209, iv. 108, 130, at
from
i.
412-14.
137
210-13 from Kamares Cave, II.
i.
238, 261, 264,
from Knossos, N.W. Treasury border, 17, IV. 136
— near House of the Frescoes,
iv.
116
bearing
name
B.C.),
M.M.
I.
417-22
Illa decoration (some-
times on maroon ground) also visible in high-spouted vases with red rings
round
creamy lips and (cable or guillochc 416 415,
neck I.
and
pattern also characteristic)
spotted ware absent in I.
594
lid
King Khyan (dated by Weill
1633
c.
this spotted
handles,
from Kahun, from workmen's settlement by Pyramid of Senusert II, i. 266,
III.
116,
dated by 'alabastron'
264
(bridge-spouted)
267,
—abrupt decadence
deposit in Initiatory Area approximately
209
Localities:
from tomb
204, 494
from N. Lustral Basin and adjoining Initiatory Area accompanied by dark-
Shapes: cups.
11.
attesting extent of catastrophe at
general
Tomb,
Ilia:
break in ceramic series
vessels), I. 258 appearance of fully developed 'tortoise-shell rippled' ware, I. 393 dark on light imitation of alabaster veins,
Chamber
ill.
11.
of
on small bridge-spouted jug resembling Abydos vase, iv. 137 group of M.M. 116. vases from pot in
5
III.
116 cups and miniature
IV. 122, 123 (Figs. 93, 94) survival of 'racquet' pattern (without ball)
ill.
11.
in
Minoan, M.M.
253
from
116, Localities,
Pottery,
(cont.)'
116 polychrome pat-
terns,
pottery,
I-
POTTERY
[I2S]
M.M.
III6 deposits,
417
polychrome style cups and bowls from Gypsades Well, showing patterns of finicking kind (madder-red picked out with white on brownish glaze medium) with cable pattern, i.
survivals of
—
POTTERY Pottery,
_
POTTERY
[126]
M.M.
Minoan,
595, 596,
II.
595, 596, to similar from I.
Ilia {cont.)
M.M.III6 is Kouloura
Minoan, M.M. Ilia (cont.) on jug with M.M. Ill rim (white on dark) found with other similar fragments in IVth Shaft Grave,Mycenae (of Minoan fabric), I. 598-600 (Fig. 440) polychrome reproduction of conglomerate on small jug from Gournia, I. 596 (Fig.
Pottery,
549 (attribution of
this,
corrected): in
I,
III6 stratum, with patterns of
M.M. M.M.
Ilfl class, I. 593 rhyton of ostrich-egg type (but example of M.M. Ilia polychromy), from M.M. stratum oVKa
438)> 597
attenuated foliate bands characteristic of
M.M.
Ila polychromy, I. 255, Fig. 191 (centre), 256, survive in M.M.
inflorescent palm-trees: cable pattern
appearing on trunks and decorative bands, I. 593-5 and Fig. 436 c engraved decoration accompanying
Ilia 'tortoise-shell ripple'
de-
early
L.M.
i.
397, 398
great Naturalistic revival (also fish
and plants
in white
M.M. Ill phase (contransitional M.M. III6-
tinuing
L.M.
to
I).
cessation
,
Temple spirals
Repositories (perhaps
M.M.
I.
band of M.M. from Knossos, parallel
on inner Ill polychrome basin
I.
597, 598 (Fig. 439);
motive of
spirals
with sprays
593
on
black) with
(derived
pattern
from stone- ware),
presenting white-coloured barbotine interior, I. 601 (Fig. 442), 602, 603 small jugs with white spots on dark ground
with moulded
reliefs of ears of barley,
survival of barbotine technique,
414,
I.
and (perhaps for beer) cf. iv. 627, 628 high cup and another more open of M.M. Ilia
with
fashion
ink- written
inner clay surface,
1.
in-
A
on 6x6 (from above
scriptions of the Linear Script
,
605, 606 terminating in sprays
III6),
unfixed
(feature surviving to
jug from Gournia, I. 611 (Fig. 449, a) remains of large jar found in M.M. Ilia medium S.E. of Palace with branching
Explained by temporary owing to Hyksos Conquest of
Egyptian cultural predominance, 11. 360-3. General law regarding natural rendering of objects in Cretan Art this free style flourishes when. Egypt weak, II. 361, 362 jar, with lively school of dolphins (between rocks and pebbly beach from Pachyammos (white on black), I. 60 white on black vetches, Palaikastro, i. 606, (Fig. 445 a,b) survival of same naturalistic style in white on dark in tulip groups on jar from
of
dotted interior decoration on small
shown by on black)
traceable to their
I.
592-3; ac-
i.
bands
triple tangential coil (white
.
Palace, Knossos),
la),
ware from Knossos of
Ill fabric,
companied by powdery white
signs of above probably taken over
from ostrich-egg model, I. 594, 595. handled cup with polychrome decoration on black ground including rock-work with red and white spots (from Palaikastro), i. 597, and Coloured PI. VII bottom of granulated rock-work on painted clay basin, the upper part of the interior of which shows spirals ending in sprays (see below) Early example of M.M. Ilia polychromy (from N. of
M.M.
early Pillar Crypt, S.E. of Palace
site),
588 (Fig. 431), 589, 613-16 group of plain clay vessels, one with incised I.
inscription of
elongated type,
cup
from of
profiles
trasted,
I.
same class (exceptionally and of bridge-spouted
jar),
S.
Basement,
M.M.
i.
554-6
Ilia and b con-
589 (Fig. 432)
cup with exterior spiral fluting (concentric marks of string cutting below), I. 590 flat bowls with spiral fluting inside (produced by potter's wheel), special mark of this epoch, elongation of jars
epoch, extensive
I.
589 (Fig. 433)
characteristic
of this
571, 572 (Fig. 416) M.M. Ilia deposits in I.
Magazines,
i.
568-71
N.E.
POTTERY Pottery, Minoan,
M.M.
Ilia {cont.)
585
584,
cup
M.M.
with
(found
Ilia
590, Fig. 434) pedestalled type of vase with as
white handles, 1. 417, Fig. 301 (derived from 1 2th Dyn. Egyptian type of alabaster vase on burnished clay base, Fig. 302, a)
glaze (S.E. Angle),
11.
369, 370, Fig.
206, a (with cup b)
copied at this time,
I.
245, Fig. 183, b,
(opp. p. 242), and cf. 11. 175 and 226 of M.M. Ilia pottery with
association
369-72
I.
alabastron,
bowls,
I.
I.
521, 522, 587-90, IV. 102
587-90,
II.
III.
308, 369,
deposits),
II.
369-71, and group. Fig.
— House, 379 — House of the Fallen Blocks, n. 369 — House of the Frescoes, 369, 436, —437 House of the Sacrificed Oxen, n. S.
II.
11.
ewers,
I.
11.
560,
11.
fruit-stands,
303 n. I.
5, 555, 415, 416
iv.
627
hole-mouthed bridge-spouted,
380, 579,
II.
ostrich-egg,
11.
to as
I.
303, 369, 437
— two-handled,
IV.
84
224, 303, 494 pedestalled vases, i. 417, 11. 369, 370
from from from from from
from Knossos,
11.
175,
224, 360, iv.
122
— Koulouras, 63, 102 — N. Lustral Basin, 413-17, 320, 9 — Palace Stores, 2 552-90, 697 — Room of the Stone 268 4 — beneath E. Section of Queen's Megaron, 366 — basement S.W. region, 554-6, and 84 — in N.W. region, 403 — Spiral Fresco Area, 369-71 (beneath M.M. Hi — blind well in Court of Stone Spout, iv.
11.
I.
III.
i.
Pier,
11.
n.
ill.
n.
iii.
in
i.
cf. IV.
iii.
ill.
I
III.
494
floor)
595, 596,
(Figs. 414, I. 389, 390 (these referred
cf.
'M.M.
III6')
Hagia Triada,
I.
11.
255
415
Mavro Spelio, n. 555 Pachyammos, iv. 252 Phaestos, Vasihki,
Minoan, M.M.
i.
415, in. 403
305 n. 3
11.
III6:
M.M.
continued divergence from fine
Localities:
380,
i.
n.
II.
— Harbour Town, Knossos,
303
11.
— Well on of Gypsades, 2 549, in. 255 — N.E. Magazines, 568-71 415); and
308
— high-spouted,
Ilia partially repre-
Hill
331,
IV.
122 egg-stands,
jars,
in.
sented in deposit)
415
i.
11.
i.
301-4 (M.M.
Shapes:
cups,
11.
206
'Vapheio' cups in metal-work apparently
Spiral fresco,
I.
(stratified vessels in situ)
pedestalled vase with vermilion
similar
— 587-90 — beneath Theatral Area, 580, in. 250 — Gypsades Well, 595, 596, 549 — beneath Hall of the Double Axes, in. 331 — Room of the Knobbed Pithos, 23 — Houses in S.E. Angle (basement pit
I.
maroon slip, red zigzag round neck and creamy-
ib.,
Minoan, M.M. Illfl, Localities, from Knossos {cont.) deposit above early Monolithic Crypt,
Pottery,
from Ghazi with large rosette design in white on black ground, i.
burial jar
I.
POTTERY
[127]
polychrome erally
tradition
brownish-lilac
black
lustrous
of
—ground wash
and
mostly powdery white, greater tendency
ground,
now
I.
visible
in
II
genplace
decoration
591, 592 towards buff
ib.
of polychromy in large from Temple Repositories with broadly drawn conventional plant designs in white and yellow on
partial
survival
jars
roughish brown ground,
Coloured
PI.
I.
596, 597,
VII
exceptional survival of glaze and finish in 'tortoise-shell rippled' ware,
this class of
M.M.
\\\b ware with
1.
592, 593
its finely
polished surface and good glaze (which
:
POTTERY Pottery,
POTTERY
[128]
Minoan,
M.M.
III6 (cont.)
Pottery,
L.M.
la) true
predecessor of typical Late
Minoan
partially survives into
ware,
592, 593 continuance of the free traditions in natural influence
large
M.M.
contemporary frescoes, showing groups of Madonna lilies on M.M. lllb jars, white on purplish ground, I. 603-5, ^"i- 245 cup with olive sprays (Knossos), 11. 475 similar designs of vetches, tulips and grasses on black ground stylistically M.M. Ilia {see above), but probably Ilia:
II. 308, 309 (Fig. 179) group of pots from Temple Repositories, I. 465, Fig. 333, 556-8 (Fig.
box'),
I.
designs, noticeable already in
of
representing survival of that tradition in M.M. lllb, i. 605, 606 Dolphins in same connexion (subject to the same alternative as to date), I. 608 (cf. Dolphin Fresco, ill. 377-99)
404)
M.M.
cups of
profile of plain
trasted with
M.M.
Ilia,
1 1 16
con-
589 (Fig.
I.
432 b,b)
M.M.
Ill pithos with conventional rope-
work
from N.E. Magazine, 419 ('tongued' degenera-
in relief
Knossos,
II.
tion of this, 'trickle'
II. 418) (and 'drip') ornament on similar
pithoi,
I.
638, 639
IV.
419,
II.
'axe-plants',
584, 610, iv. 292 (paralleled
now (1936) from Tell-Atchana) 'medallion' pithoi, i. 235, 554, 562-4,
barbotine decoration (recalling earlier barnacle work) on 'peg-top' rhyton, Zakro (handled derivative of ostrich-eggtype),
Minoan, M.M. III6 (cont.) and perforated vessel from same deposit (known as 'Ariadne's clew-
slotted
11.
7i.3S6,396,4i8,iv.23i,26i,262,286, late
630, 633-5; profiles of, IV. 644, 645 type of 'medallion' pithos, showing
IV. 108 (cf. II. 225, Fig. 129, 11) bridge-spouted pots (for pouring) heigh-
imitation plait-work of earlier steatite
tened into storage jars (pithoi), the spouts being progressively atrophied: examples from 'Magazine of False-
'medallion' pithoi, showing impressions of
spouted Pithoi', behind that two jars,
I.
and other pots (probably
store of culinary
of
lily
581-3
ritual
character)
mostly
with
knobbed surface, some with double walls: from Royal Magazines, i. 5658, and Fig. 412 candlestick (with white spirals on purplish brown ground) from plaster closet containing the
lily
vases:
comparison, 4th Dynasty,
group of vessels
in
I.
Egyptian 578, 579
Magazine of Lily
jars,
I- 576, 577 (Fig- 421) elaborately shaped bath, with notches to
hold cross-bar, reeds (brown on buff ground) painted on sides, from S.E.
Bath Room, I. 579, 580 stores of pottery (mostly M.M.
House of the
Sacrificed
class, IV.
signet, Localities
I.
635-7 504-5
:
from Karidaki, 11. 66 n. 2 from near mouth of Gazanos, from Knossos
11.
231
— Royal Magazines, 562-8, 245, 246, 231, 286 — E. of Royal Magazines, 572, 573 — beneath Porch of Central Court, 810 — W., 356, 633-5 — — Temple 354 Repositories, 556-61, loi, 288 — 690, 701 453, — W. fafade, 665, 34 — above Royal Pottery Stores, 571, 572 — S.W. basement, 554, 556, 587, 588, ill.
I.
IV.
I.
11.
IV.
II.
S.E.,
II.
11.
i.
floor cists,
II.
I.
ill.
11.
1.
I.
IV.
UK from
Oxen,
11.
303-
II (Fig. 176)
suspension pot from above deposit, vfith round mouth on one side, perhaps for nesting swallows, 11. 306, 307 (Fig. 177)
— W.734 region,
11.
288
— beneath E. 261 811, — beneath Corridor of the Procession, 679. 683, 735 — S.E. Corner, 291 — drain by Portico, 161 Staircase,
11.
iv.
11.
11.
S.
11.
:
POTTERY Pottery, Minoan,
M.M.
lllb, Localities,
Knossos {cont.) bathroom of S.E. Insula,
from
— 2 379 — E. Slope, 288 — E. Light Area, 376 — Koulouras, 502, 350 2 — Entrance Hall of E. Corridor, 266 — W. Porch, 670 — S.E. Angle, 292 — S.E. bathroom, 579-80 — facade of Central Court, 803 — well of Hall of Double Axes, 326 — of Domestic Quarter, 246, 402 — W. Quarter, 363 — sanctuary above Basement of Mono734 — Palace, 216 358 514, — Porch, 363, 759 — drain by Royal Road, 533, 576 — Temple Tomb, 976 — 'Tomb of the Cow', 554 — N.W. House, 627 — House, 383 — N.E. House, 418, 421 — House on of Gypsades, 548 — House of the Fallen Blocks, 298 — House of the Oxen, 305-8, 418, 794 — House of the Frescoes, 435 — House of the Chancel Screen, 395 — Harbour Town, 235 n.
11.
II.
ill.
n.
iii.
11.
ill.
II.
11.
I.
11.
iii.
stairs
ill.
11.
lithic Pillars, IV.
Little
n. 2,
11.
roafl to S.
iv.
11.
11.
iv.
•
11.
II.
S.
II.
11.
Hill
11.
11.
Sacrificed
11.
11.
11.
11.
from Ligortino, 11. 787 from Mycenae, I. 600-2,
41, 486, 491,
108
Shapes: 'Ariadne's
Clew Box',
baking-dishes, I.
11.
579, 580,
II.
lllb,
Shapes
(cont.)
578, 579
i.
589, 597, II. 305, 475, III. 246 ewers, i. 605, 611, 11. 218, 235, 486, 491
cups,
I.
honey pot, jars,
I.
IV-
11.
421
582-4, 587, 588,
II.
554,
III.
245,
734
— false-mouthed, 545 spouted. 245 — hole-mouthed bridge-spouted, 11.
III.
11.
421
pedestalled vases, in. 402, iv. 778, 779 peg-top rhyton, IV. 108 pitchers, pithoi, IV.
11.
I.
395
581,
395, 418, 419, 810,
II.
638
— elongated, —
419,
11.
'medallion',
iv.
638, 639
235, 554, 562-4, II. 71, 356, 396, 418, IV. 231, 261, 262, 286,
630, 633-5 sarcophagus,
I.
11.
787
83,
suspension pots for swallows nesting,
11.
306 tripod pots,
I. 213 n. 2, 301 'Vapheio' cups, 11. 305, 421 Transitional M.M. lllb to L.M. la
(cf. 11.
364 and 472): vase (strainer) from Zakro with light on dark band showing frieze of anemones in freest natural style (unfixed white
and advanced 'tortoiseband below, 11. 472 fragment from Zakro with similar light on technique)
shell ripple'
II.
472 (Fig. 278 a)
11.
308
on dark Gournia and rhyton, Zakro), I. 611, 11. 217-20 (type parallel with racquet and ball and survival from E.M. Ossuary period) jug of M.M. Ill shape combining light and dark ground with imitation basketwork above and 'sacral ivy (with whitebordered leaves) round base; from 6th Shaft Grave, Mycenae, 11. 486
288, 379 n. 2,
305
(light
on
light (jug
'
(Fig. 293)
Minoan L.M.
305 11.
M.M. in
jug); dark
iii.
la
(final
triumph of dark on
light (sepia in buff style))
fabric of
245 bowls,
M.M.
Minoan,
candlestick,
jugs and rhytons with tangential loops;
from Niru Khani, 11. 284 n. 4 from Pachyammos, 11. 424, 500 from Palaikastro, i. 597, 605, 11. 364 from Pseira, 11. 475 from Trypeti, 11. 83 from Tylissos, 11. 418 from Visala, 11. 71 fromZakro, I. 611, 11. 218, 472, 473, 567,
baths,
Pottery,
dark band, depicting bulbous plants, 11.
241
IV.
IV.
POTTERY
[129]
common
make, better
wares above previous 'clink',
levigation
and
— POTTERY Pottery,
rare
—
result
i8th Dynasty),
mass introduction of L.M. la types on Mainland side (notably the Argolid), 23, &c.
exceptional
of polychromy of a
revival
funereal or votive class; exemplified
by goblets with shields and helmets from Royal Tomb, Isopata {kyanos blue, black and Venetian red), m. 309, 310 (Fig. 198 a, b) (iv. 881 for 'L.M. II date' read 'L.M. la') by cups painted brilliant red, from offertory pit near S.W. shrine, iv. 3; chafing pans and incense burners from Mavro Spelio cemetery and H. Triada, &c., III. 309, 310; colours however laid on a wash of pure carbonate of lime, ;
according to fresco process,
new
medium now
red glaze (vermilion
tint),
Pseira amphora,
I.
611
11.
;
ih.
introduced
exemplified by
476 (Fig. 284)
use of unfixed white, survival from M.M. Ill: often as a 'matt' wash, 11. 472 (Fig. 278 a, Zakro), iii. 280 (of powdery character), iv. 260, 261 (goblet from Palaikastro rather 'early' L.M. la
than 'mature', as p. 364) jug with double axes dark on light and black bands with white disks: in
ritual
earliest
L.M. la style, 11. 436, 437 House of Frescoes)
(Fig. 254,
from Pseira (double axes rising from bulls' heads, light zones, and dark bands with unfixed white disks) lilies, flowering olive-sprays and early stage
ritual jar
:
of 'sacral ivy' with papyrus sprays within 'leaves', li. 476 (Fig. 284)
'amphora': spirals papyrus-ivy,
and similar type of 11.
(Fig.
487
294,
Kakovatos) reflection
of floral
types
of
M.M.
designs in naturalistic style
anemone
470 (Fig. 276 a) 470 (Fig. 2766, k) lily (Madonna), 11. 470 (Fig. 276 d, e), 472 (Fig. 278 b) (transitional M.M. Illi) grasses or reeds, 11. 471 (Fig. 276/,^), 549 (Gypsades Well), in. 277, 278 (star), 11.
crocus (saffron),
267 (Fig. 197)
iv.
Minoan, L.M. la (cont.) frescoes on vase-painting, 11. 469, iv. 260 vases and fragments with flower and plant
Pottery,
(cont.)
of improved technical
processes, i. 318 example of imported L.M. la vessel Egyptian clay alabastron vs^ith 'racquet' pattern from Gurob (Grave 245, early
I.
POTTERY
[130]
Minoan, L.M. la glaze
:
Ill
flowering
282
11.
olive-sprays,
and
11.
475
Fig. 283) labiate flowers, 11. 470 (Fig. 276 b,
(Fig.
cf.
i)
380 (Fig. 213 a), 470 (Fig. 276 h, Fig. 277) (black bands with unfixed white disks)
vetches (or wild peas),
11.
leaves like buttercup's, 11. 470 (Fig. 276 c) cup with waz lily and olive-spray hybridized by lily, 11. 475 (Fig. 283) first appearance of sacral ivy-leaf on vases in early phase of L.M. la: example on 'amphoras' from Pseira and Kakovatos, II. 476 (Fig. 284), 487 (Fig. 294) showing 'flowering' papyrus within the leaf-shaped outline (for origin from 1 2th Dyn. canopied waz papyrus wand symbol ^through M.M. I-III stages on stone and metal and frescoes,
—
cf. II.
480, Fig. 287)
plain sacral ivy-leaf, two-stalked,
on pedes-
talled bowl from Gournia (with conven-
tionalized imitation of conglomerate), II. 486 (Fig. 292), and on Transitional jug from 6th Shaft Grave, Mycenae,
ib.
(Fig. 293)
influence
of papyrus,
in.
115,
iv.
323
et seqq.
characteristic jugs, &c., with linked spirals
containing disks in unfixed white
:
ex-
ample from XVI I Ith Magazine (mature
L.M. la rhytons
of
deposit), iv.
'peg-top'
264
type
(Fig. 195)
with linked
mature L.M. la, 11. 225 (Fig. (Mycenae' and Gournia), IV. 264 (Fig. 196, Knossos) pithoi with plant designs, IV. 640 spirals:
129, 10, 12)
The Knossian 'peg-top' rhyton, iv. 264 (Fig. 196), is on p. 265 erroneously identified with the rhyton of very similar appearance from Shaft Grave II at Mycenae (Karo, Schachtgrdber, Atlas, '
PI.
LXX,
221).
POTTERY Pottery,
Minoan, L.M. la
Pottery,
(cont.)
(from N.E. House) with spiral and foliate decoration (mature
'pithoid jars'
L.M.
and two and three tiers of handles, ii. 422-4 (Figs. 244, 245) la),
origin of 'pithoid' type'from early family of
428-30 (examples from Gournia (E.M. I), Phaestos, Mycenae, Crespellano, Villanova, and
two-storied pots,
11.
Vetulonia: comparative Table, Fig. 258) source of distinctive
types,
L.M.
11.
428,
lb
amphora
425-8, and see below under
II.
(gift
from Keftiu) copied 11. 426 (Fig. 247)
Senmut Tomb,
(cf. 737, Fig. 470) painted jug with spiral pattern similar in form to bronze example (f) from
Bronze Hoard, by Stepped Portico,
11.
436 (Fig. 253) high-beaked painted ewer from Stepped Portico Hoard, ir. 631 (Fig. 395 e) goblet imitating metal-work (rivet-head by handle), Palaikastro ('new red' and unfixed white used), iv. 364 (Fig. 304 a) appearance of small one-handled alabastra, some with survival of racquet pattern, II. 512, and see 488; iv. 267 (Hagia Triada, Mycenae, Volo and Gurob:
and L.M. Ic) sporadic hoards of mature L.M. la painted survive to
L.M.
lb
pottery in Palace area (under later E. Stairs, in
Corridor of Sword Tablets, S.W. Colunanar Shrine,
by XVIIIth Magazine, &c) attributed pit
destruction
partial
earthquake,
c.
of
building
to
by
1520 B.C. (victims in
crypt of Temple Tomb associated with ,
mature L.M. la pottery), iv. 260, 261, 988-90 groups of L.M. I a vessels from Palace and surroundings; early, from House of the Frescoes, 11.436 (Fig. 253) mature, from under later E. Stairs, iii. 278 ;
(Fig. 186) ('flower-pots' with grasses),
from Gypsades Well, influence of pithoi
639, 642
11.
549 (Fig. 349)
L.M. la painted
and
Minoan, L.M.
1
a {cont)
Shapes: alabastra,
786 cups,
386, 424, 425, 497, 747 n. 2, 280, IV. 233
11.
n. 2,
bowls,
539, iv. 267, 268, 271, 937
11.
amphoras,
III.
134 n. 2, 478, 486, 491 2x8, 308 n. I, 475, m. 276, 280,
II.
II.
265, 267
IV.
— 'Vapheio', 395 — 77, 548 11.
votive,
II.
cylindrical vessels,
L.M.
lb
bronze example in
POTTERY
[131]
designs on
plants in rope-work, iv.
ewers,
361 n.
11.
II.
471, iv. 211
395, 435, 632, 647,
5,
792, IV. 264, 854 flower-pots, iii. 277-9, iv. looz 'fruit-stands',
—
iii.
276
298, 380, 422 n. 2, 475, 484 'pithoid', 11. 422, 424, 425, IV. 233,261
jars,
II.
larnakes,
11.
75
pedestalled goblets, iv. 363, 364 pithoi, I. 459, II. 88, 105, 166, 231, 255, 381, 424, IV. 635-7, 642, 648 rhytons, i. 611, 11. 331, 537, ill. 206, iv. 264, 265, 629, 777 tub.
III.
381
Localities:
deposits of along Transit Route across
Crete,
11.
dating of,
166
11.
362, iv. 276
from Knossos,
—
-
W.
Magazines,
11.
358,
263-5, 635-7. 642 pit by S. W. Columnar Shrine,
III.
280,
IV.
iii.
280, IV. 263
— N.E. Magazine, 277 — E. 811, 276-9, 878 — near Stepped Portico, 632, 792 — well Hall of the Double Axes, 326 — W. Front, 310, 311 — Queen's Megaron, 367, 381 — vault beneath S.E. Angle, 334 n.
ill.
Stairs,
i
iv.
ill.
11.
11.
in
III.
iii.
ill.
— Lustral
11.
Basin of Initiatory Area,
iv.
937 Corridor of the Sword Tablets,
11.
— 264, 265, 854 331, — Temple Tomb, 989, 990, 1002 — Palace, 2 358 — drain near Royal Road, 533, 576 — Caravanserai, loi, 105, 127 IV.
iv.
Little
11.
n.
11.
— —
11.
•
•
House of the Frescoes,
11.
435, 436
N.W. Treasure House,
11.
471, 619
— House of the Chancel Screen,
11.
395
— POTTERY
Minoan, L.M. la, Localities, from Knossos (cont.) S. House, II. 378, 380, 381, 386, IV.
Pottery,
— —937 House on Gypsades, 308 548 — Well on Gypsades, 469, 549, 276 255 — N.E. House, 422, 424, 261 — House of High 211, 213 — Viaduct, loi — Tomb Robbers' Cache, 964 n. i,
11.
11.
iii.
n- 2,
iv.
11.
Priest, iv.
II.
— Harbour Town,
iv.
11.
235, 255 134 n. 2
•
from Aegina, 11. from Amisos, iv. 629 from Arkhanes, 11. 65 from station near mouth of Gazanos,
11.
231
from Gournia,
486, 491, 510, 539, IV.
11.
265 from Hagia Triada,
from from from from from from from
Isopata,
Karidaki, 11.
Lutra,
11.
iii.
ill.
n,
IV.
291
chief scene of
its
discovery there. Votive
deposit of S.W. Angle, iv. 291 chronological place of style established
by series of finds of L.M. I vases in Egypt of Thothmes Hi's time (c. i5°3-i449 B-c), II- 537. &c.; Saqqara (Sakkara) Grave, 11. 497 and n. 5, 498 (early i8th Dyn. pottery; L.M. 16 waz-lilies). palms and Sedment (Herakleopolis), Grave 137, alabaster (imitation
'aryballos'
grain:
adder-
270, 271, and n. 2; one-
IV.
Kahun (sacral ivy), ;
Mus.,
66 n. 2
rhytons of
272 (Fig. 202)
IV.
'tertiary'
elongated class
(11.
225
(Fig. 129, 15): comparative derivatives
Minet-el-Beida, 11.
iv.
of ostrich-egg flask) equated with type
777
218, 331, 361 n. 5,
265 from Niru Khani, II. 283, 284 n. 4, 478, Sii IV.
11.
486, 537, iv. 364,
777 from Phaestos, 11. 424 from Pseira, 11. 260, 422 n. 2,
due to continuous habitation there from late L.M. la to the end of L.M.
alabastron 272, 273 and n. i three-handled (triple palm type), Cairo
77
Palaikastro,
iv. 248,
general absence of floor-levels inside Palace
IV.
309 146
ill.
88, 166, iv. 648
Mycenae,
Minoan, L.M. lb (cont.) Mainland and Aegean side, 281-4
handled alabastron,
309, 310
n. 2,
484,
11.
11.
Komo,
Pottery,
mark),
786
11.
Kakovatos,
497. 647.
from
POTTERY
[133]
of tomb of Rekhmara, Vizier,
Thothmes Hi's
1471-1448
c.
B.C.,
iv.
269
(Fig. 199 b)
painted
alabastron
clay
L.M.
16 stage
answering
to
from Anibeh, Nubia,
with decoration erroneously taken for light on dark, really creamy slipground n. 2, 475, 484,
and sepia decorative meshowing a unique of late polychrome tradi-
(reserved)
dium
206
(the patterns
747 from Pyrgos, 11. 75 from Trypeti, 11. 83, 238 from Visala, 11. 166
pithoi of inscribed with Linear Script A,
fromZakro,!. 60, 611,11.472,473,^.133 from Egypt, iv. 266, 267
IV. 639, 640 (Fig. 627) 'pithoid amphoras' (distinctive product
— Abusir, — Abydos, — Anibeh, — Gurob, — Saqqara,
III.
iv.
survival
tions), IV. 267,
iv.
267, 268
four handles), 11. 421-428 motives (mostly of sacral significance) on
267
iv.
L.M.
271
MiNOAN, L.M. K:
16 vases:
adder-mark
epoch of unrivalled decorative harmony and beauty in design on painted vases,
Phaestos
Minoan
area
on
and dot') on Knossos and Adder-mark Orna-
sacral ('wave
pedestalled
ment),
IV.
259, 747 common to extensive
a, b)
outgrowth of L.M. la 'pithoid jars'— with three upright rows of three or
267 265
IV.
IV.
268 (Fig. 198
goblets,
{see, too,
IV.
(derivation
183, 184 (Fig.
145),
185
from markings on native
'
:
POTTERY Pottery,
POTTERY
[133]
Minoan, L.M. 16
firmed in both cases by continuous markings on handles terminating in snake's head, 184, Fig. 145 a, b)\ on
rim of alabastron, Sedment, iv. 270 (Fig. 200) on rim and neck of jug, ;
Knossos, IV. 289 (Fig. 224) ankh, Egyptian 'life' sign, adopted, on Phaestos goblet, iv. 184 (Fig. 145 b)\ see, ioo,
1.432 (Fig. 3ioe) (Gournia jug)
Double Axe: Knossos, S.W. Angle, iv. 260, 261 (Fig. 301 d); on basket-like vase, Pseira, iv. 290 (Fig. 226)
;
fre-
quency of motive in L.M. lb, ib.; repeated round pedestalled vases, at Knossos, &c., Ivy,
showing
ib.
within
Angle, Knossos, do., Aegina,
vatos,
II.
papyrus 'flower'
original
sacral,
360 (Fig. 301
iv.
(Fig.
492
11.
S.W. Palace
leaf,
485 (Fig. 291 b)
c, e)
;
Kako-
297
b)
(cf.
L.M. I a);
;
outline of 'flower' surviving as 'horse-
fragment,
shoe'
Mycenae,
Minoan, L.M.
Pottery,
{cont.)
adder's side, iv. 185 (Fig. 144), con-
'Aegisthos'
Tomb,
477, 478 (Fig. 295); Gezer, in. 313 (Fig. 203); plain leaf, 11,
Ogival
\b,
Canopy
[cont.)
sos,
comparative examples from KnosAegina, Thebes, Vapheio, and
Kakovatos, 11. 492 (Fig. 297), and see 490 (Fig. 296 a), 491 (Fig. 296 b) lily combined with papyrus rod {waz), as sacred symbol on bridge-spouted vessel from Tomb near Temple Tomb Knossos, IV. 290 (Fig. 225); on amphora, Mycenae, of presumed Knossian fabric, iv. 281 282 (Fig. 216) from ,
;
,
Palaikastro,
283 (Fig. 217) Three-palms motive (of M.M. II tradi11.
II. 493-9; and see Comparative Table, 496 (Fig. 301) on Pseira rhyton of 'tertiary' elongated
tion),
—
oval shape,
11. 497 (Fig. 302). Cf. Thebes, Boeotia, iv. 326 (Fig. 266) shield motive (reflecting palatial friezes), from Phylakopi, Melos, Gezer, Palestine, III. 312 (Fig. 200) (similar, Knossos), III. 312 (Fig. 201) beaded chain with pendants in shape of saffron flowers and festoons motive excerpted from toilette scenes of M.M.
—
double stalked, Knossos,
Ill frescoes ('Ladies in Blue', &c.),
11. 285 (Fig. 291 e), IV. 361 (Fig. 301 d), Mycenae Shaft Grave 1, 11. 488; Kakovatos, 11. 484 (Fig. 291 c)\ Kahun, ib.,f, and iv. 272, 273 Vole, IV 272 (Fig. 203 b)
combined with 'marine' style bands on 'pithoid amphora' from Tylissos, 11. 426, 427 (Fig. 248), IV. 285-8; similar
motive on fragments from Knossos,
;
on amphora from Thebes
two-stalked sacral ivy-leaf (plain) motive
IV.
on painted bull's-head rhyton of Royal Hittite Class from Amisos (Eski Samsoun), iv. 765, 766 (Fig. 747 a), and cf. 11. 658, 659, and Fig 422; similar fragment from Chirishli Tepe, iv. 766 (Fig. 747 b) curves in reversed bands on 'amphoras' from Egyptian Thebes and Mycenae
(Boeotia), associated with sacral ivy
taken
over
287, 288
;
(L.M. Ic example on late 'amphora', lalysos) (the beaded festoon also appears between pillars of shrines), IV.
288 (Fig. 223) motives (dolphins,
Marine
octopus,
argonauts, whorl-shells, brittle stars, sea-tang, corallines,
and rocks)
— ante-
imitating metal-work, iv. 275, 276; similar ornament on goblet (loving
cedent models in seal impressions,
cup) of Camp-stool Fresco (probably
M.M.
silver),
compared,
296
— outgrowth
Canopy
Ivy motive in
389 (Fig. 324),
reliefs, fresco designs,
II onwards,
11.
—
— principal immediate source probably
Sacral
clear evidence of origin
Theban 'amphora', B),
of
11.
491 (Fig.
492 (Fig. 297) '
On
IV. p.
&c. from
500-5
on bronze vessels, e.g. handles of Kurion amphora (L.M. la), 11. 504, 505 (Fig. 309) (cf IV. 456) Knossian and 'Marseilles' ewers imitating metal
reliefs
390 Ogival
iv.
small
.
rivets, iv.
ago, erroneously 'from
508
Temple Tomb'
;
;
POTTERY Pottery,
Minoan, L.M. lb
Potteiy,
{cont.)
comparative examples from Knossos, Gournia, Palaikastro, Pseira: see, too, 278, Kakovatos 'amphora', 279, 280; flower-pot vase and 'amphora',
IV.
Knossos,
506 'Marseilles ev^er' held to be an Egyptian find by Maspero, II. 508-10 and n. i corresponds in style and minute deII.
with Knossian fabric, 11. 508, 510, IV. 277 rivets shown as on Knossian specimen, II. 508 (Fig. 311a, b). tails
;
—
marine style vases shown to overlap mature L.M. la at Gournia and Niru Khani, 11. 511 transition to Palace Style (L.M. II), illustrated by 'amphora' (from S.W. Angle), IV. 280 (Fig. 215) Mainland L.M. 16 types of Cretan derivation, IV. 281-4; finest Mycenae 'amphora' held to be of Knossian fabric of
284
fabric, IV.
survival
awhile
style in
ceramic
I
wide Mainland and Aegean
Knossos, and
at
of the Argolid, deterioration of
its
iv.
diffusion to parts
747, &c.
L.M.
U
style
on Main-
land side and its survival there in a form described as L.M. \c, partly
contemporary with the later phase of L.M. II at Knossos, iv. 371, &c. Shapes: alabastra, iv. 271-5, 278, 341, 342, 358 amphoras, pithoid, 11. 424, 426, 478,
488-90, 619, 749, IV. 263, 272, 275, 276, 279-81, 284, 286, 291 n. I, 289 n. 2, 320, 321, 419, 420, 852, aryballoi,
iii.
basket vase,
bowls,
II.
884
290
IV.
281, 962
braziers, IV. 881 II.
—
II. 497, 510, 822, III. 90, 360, 629, 955 pear-shaped, iii. 90, iv. 269, 272
346 n.
I.
314,
5, IV.
stirrup vase,
li.
510
Localities:
from Knossos, S.W. Angle, 291 n.
I,
iv.
280, 281,
360, 884
— Court of the Stone Spout, 210 — W. Magazines, 639-42 — W. of Palace, 508, 510, 629 — House of the Frescoes, 437, 507, 291 — Palace, 539, 540 — N.W. Treasure House, 619 — House of the High 213, 214, 291 — Caravanserai, loi — House on Gypsades, 183, 184 — Chamber Tombs, 849, 962 — Temple Tomb, 281, 290, 291 — Harbour Town, 255, 199 iii.
iv.
iv.
11.
11.
n. I
IV.
Little
11.
11.
Priest, IV.
n.
I
11.
iv.
iv.
ewers,
11. 488, 489, 507, 508, 510, 539, 540, IV. 199 n. I, 213, 214, 239, 274, 27s n. I, 277, 279, 280, 284, 629
183-5, 289 hole-spouted miniature vase,
from from from from
Amisos
iv.
and
290
i
i
(imitative Hittite), iv. 629
Anibeh, iv. 358 Argos, 11. 41 n. 4 Egypt, 11. 507, 508, 537, 272, 274, 277-80 from Erment, iv. 275 n. i from Gezer, ill. 312, iv. 274 from Gournia, 11. 510 from Hagia Triada, iv. 881
iv.
271,
from Kahun, iv. 273, 274 from Kakovatos, 11. 424, 478, 486-9, 510 n. 4, IV. 272, 279,
286
from Lahun, II. 510 from Mochlos, iv. 271 from Mycenae, 11. 487, 488, 749,
651 n.
489
goblets, pedestalled, iv. 364, 419,
n.
n.
iv.
11.
from Niru Khani, from Palaikastro,
750
— spouted,
rhytons,
iv. 239, 243. 244. 276, 284, 293, 298 n. 2, 320, 321,852, 887 n. 2
312, iv. 849
IV.
Minoan, L.M. \b, Shapes {cont) 639-42
pithoi, IV. 637,
iv.
L.M.
of
area after rise of Palace Style (L.M. II)
cup,
POTTERY
[134]
cf.
11. 11.
284
n.
4
489, 510, iv. 284,
I
from Phaestos, iv. 184, 185, 364, 639 from Phylakopi, IV. 341, 342 from Pontus, 11. 658, 659 from Pseira, i. 314, 11. 497, 822, in. 90, 346n. 5, IV. 272, 290,955 from Saqqara, 11. 750, iv. 271 from Sedment, iv. 271
,
POTTERY
Minoan, L.M. lb. Localities (cont.) from Thebes, Boeotian, n. 487, 490, 749
Pottery,
^ Egyptian,
MiNOAN, L.M. L.M.
Mainland and Aegean
range, partly synchronous with
and
II
274,
outgrowth
to decadent
lb of
the
Palace
later
L.M.
Style
at
Knossos, IV. 288, 289, 292-5, 358, 371 early examples of style seen on vases from
Mycenae, in which the
Shaft Grave
I,
Double Axe open bivalve
transformed into an shell ('mussel'), a double is
(taken from the 'sacral ivy'),
stalk
being substituted for the shaft,
227
(Fig.
293
latest
a,
b,
c);
iv.
292, similar on
sherds from 'Aegisthos' tomb,
Mycenae,
iv.
Minoan, L.M.
II (cont.)
presenting octopus amidst sea-tang, Style' series, iv. 280, 281
IV.
Ic:
term here applied
Pottery,
anticipation of characteristic 'Palace
275, 276
iv.
from Tylissos, 11. 426, iv. 286 from Vapheio, 11. 489, ill. 177, 364, 419, 420 fromVolo,iv. 274 from Zakro, 11. 497, iv. 272
of
POTTERY
[135]
Metal-work, imitations of,
iv. 299-302, 362-7 'amphora' (Palace Style) from Royal Tomb, Isopata, with repeated foliation on shoulders resembling chased border foliation of bronze bowl from 'Palatial Treasure' (M.M. III6-L.M. la), iv. 298-300 (Fig. 233), and cf. 11. 637-9
early transitional tradition here ex-
emplified
L.M.
evidence of overlapping of
:
301, 302 vase from Zafer
I class, IV.
stirrup
Papoiira
Shaft Grave showing similar reduplicated foliation of metal-work origin, IV.
301 (Fig. 234^,6)
metallic origin of this
further in-
by small upper prominence 8-shaped shield imitated from
dicated like
metal rivets of similar form, as the
293
laterversion of bivalve type at Volo,iv.293
motive Thebes Korakou, near Corinth, Volo, Maroni, Cyprus, &c., iv. 293, 294, and cf. 11. 496
late versions of palm-tree
,
497 (Fig. 303, Zakro) argonauts and brittle stars (reduced to wheels) of L.M. Ic type on bowl from (Fig. 301 a-k),
gold-plated rivets on upper margin of
rhyton from Shaft Grave IV, Mycenae, iv. 301 (Fig. 234 b), 302, and similar 8cf. III. 89-92 (Fig. 50 c) shaped excrescence on stirrup vase of latest L.M. II phase from the 'High silver
;
Priest's House',
Knossos,
iv.
301 (Fig.
askos, IV. 293
and cf. iv. 213, 214 two-handled pedestalled goblets from S.W. Palace Angle, iv. 362 (Fig. 302 a-c); from drain below Great East Hall, from Temple Tomb, ib. (Fig. 302 d)
bowls,
Knossos,
Shaft Grave
Mycenae, iv. 294 late version of pendant crocus and bead festoons on lalysos 'amphora', iv. 238 I,
Shapes:
ewer,
;
IV.
iv.
294 292
goblets, pedestalled,
11.
473 n.
2, 499, iv.
362,368,369
MiNOAN, L.M.
II (includes 'Palace Style'):
evolution of palatial class (originally confined to Knossos) towards the close of
L.M.
lb (which
it
partially overlaps),
322; style already formed in early part of 15th cent., ib. term 'Palace Style' first suggested (in IV.
1901) by great painted jars and 'amphoras' found on W. borders of Palace, IV.
large
298 and n. 2 lb 'amphora' from S.W. Angle
L.M.
23s). 3°2.
366 (Fig. 306) (recalling silver goblet from Royal Tomb, Isopata, IV. 364 (Fig. 305 a) and bronze goblet from Tomb of Tripod Hearth) stone-work graining of L.M. II conventional painted plaster type (iv. 895, Fig. 872), as ceramic pattern: on painted terra-cotta bath, ill. 385 (Fig. IV.
256) ;on'Palace Style'amphora,iii.387 (Fig. 258) on lower zones of another, ;
309 (Fig. 244 a) on beaked jug, ib. (Fig. 244 b) on model tower shrine from Gournia (here in architectonic IV.
;
;
connexion),
70
bis)
11.
134 and n.
i,
139 (Fig.
— POTTERY
Minoan, L.M. II {cont.) ivy' and 'ogival canopy' on 'Palace Style' vases (combined with papyrus, and rosettes and marine elements), iv. 318-22 composite plant motives, papyrus and lily, IV. 322-9 (Figs. 268-70) imitative survival of L.M. \h festoons and pendant saffron (crocus) flowers (derived from toilette scenes of frescoes), round rim of Palace Style 'amphora', IV. 321 (Fig. 262 b) lotus or papyrus clumps with rosettes (facing lotus flowers) and symbolic water (as Egyptian sign) on relief amphora from staircase landing of
Pottery,
'sacral
Royal
Villa
architectonic
(fulfilled
function in house decoration),
iv.
329,
331 (Fig. 273), and cf. 11. 400, 402 waterfowl (showing reminiscences of Nilotic
cycle),
IV.
329-38; on Knossian
bath-pan, Phylakopi, Melos, 332 (Figs. 274. 27s); on Argos amphoras, 333, 334 (Figs. 276, 277) (late on painted jar,
POTTERY
[136]
W.
of Palace, Knossos, Fig. 278),
336; comparisons with waterfowl on L.M. Ilia painted clay alabastra,
Pottery,
Minoan, L.M.
Marine motives
II,
{cont)
316, 355 (Fig. 298), on goblet, 362 (Fig. 302 b), 1007, 1008 (Fig. 959); parallel 'dual' type, ib. (reappearance of C's
group in generalized L.M. Ilia style, proof of Knossian influence, iv. 315, 316, and cf. 747, 748, and Fig. 729 a) Octopus Group, iv. 305-310; rows of suckers preserved on tentacles of earlier L.M. II examples, 306 and Fig. 240; Haledon with ten tentacles substituted, 308, 309 (Fig. 244a) pro;
degeneration type, 310-13, 350 (in the L.M. II stage the tentacles are separately rendered and do not gressive
intertwine) shields, 8-shaped,
and
rosettes,
combined with
N.W.
spirals
Palace border,
iv.
341 (Fig. 284), 342, and cf. III. 310-12 reflection of 'Shield Fresco' (L.M. la), III. 308-13, and see Coloured PI. XXIII, opp. p. 306 spiral and rosette band of architectonic character on 'Palace Style' amphoras from N.W. border and Argos, iv. 340
(Figs. 282, 283)
Phaestos Cemetery, 337 (Fig. 240), and on Anoia larnax, 337, 338 (Fig. 281) Marine motives of Palace Style, iv. 304-18
rosettes (derivation of facing lotus flowers)
outgrowths of L.M. lb 'marine style', 280 (Fig. 281) (transitional
IV. 342, 343 (Fig. 286); on three-spouted ewer Tomb of Double Axes, IV. 253, 254 (Fig. 297 c) on two-
see IV. 279,
type)
(from
large
vessel,
W.
Palace borders), iv. 304 (Fig. 239), 305
murex
shell (in sea-girt pool,
octopus) amphora,
N.W.
der, IV. 306 (Fig. 240),
with
Palace bor-
307
(for Triton
see below)
stippled sea sand, IV. 306, 307, 308 (Figs. 242, 243),
319 (Fig. 258)
sea-tang (seaweed, coralline, &c.), iv.
304 (Fig. 239), 305, 309
(Fig.
244
a)
evolution of triple sea-tang group of lb
(cf.
'Marseilles
ewer', of
Knossian fabric, 11. 508-10, iv. 277 (Fig. 210),
prominent or principal type: with
reeds on large jar repeating Double
Axes,
;
dolphins
L.M.
as
and Tylissos 'amphora',
iv.
286,
Fig. 220) into conventionalized 'three
L.M. II, iv. 314 (and Comparative Table, Fig. 250), 315, C's' motive of
handled pedestalled goblet, iv. 362 (Fig. 302 a), 366, (Fig. 306^). adder mark, sacral (chiefly on upper margin and rims), bath-shaped coflin, Zafer Papoura, IV. 330 (Fig. 272 a); on duck's wing, late jar, iv. 335 (Fig. incised on pithos bands, iv. 645 and Suppl. PI. LVIII lilies, on handled cup, Mavro Spelio, iv.
275)
;
353. 354 (Fig- 297 '^j, 361 (Fig. 301;, 9); with barred stamens, ib. (Fig. 301 r), 366, 367 (Fig. 307
c,
d, e);
type on Palace 'amphora',
compound
iv.
325 (Fig.
268), 328 (Fig. 271), 367 (Fig. 3076); Waz-Y\\y, 361 (Fig. 301 /); general
influence
on plant motives of Palace
'amphoras', &c.,
iv.
324, 325
,
POTTERY Pottery,
Minoan, L.M.
Pottery,
II (cont.)
reeds on large Double Axe jar, with fringed :
leaves reminiscent of striated foliage
of
L.M.
palm
from
frescoes (derived
II
type), iv. 342, 343 (Fig. 285)
(cf.
XXXV
1012-16, and Coloured PI. and Suppl.Pl. LXVI,ci,c2) triple frutescent palm group, influence of on Palace 'amphora' types, IV. 325-8 olive-sprays,
representing
triple,
sacred
over sacral horns from large amphora, S.W. Palace Angle, iv. 344,
trees
345 (Fig. 289 e) (other fragments of 'amphora' connected with Double
Axe
cult)
vegetable shoots (perhaps acanthus) round
Argos 'amphora', iv. 340 (Fig. 283); compared with shoots round 'amphora' from Royal Tomb, Isopata, iv. 327 (Fig. 270) funnel-shaped rhyton on fragment of same 'amphora',
iv.
;
tion for
summoning
285 and n.
2,
and
divinity,
cf. I.
344 (Fig.
221, 222); later
stages of evolution, 316, 317 (Fig. 254)
Double Axes, reduplicated blade of on fragment of preceding amphora,
iv.
344, 345 (Fig. 289 d) ; similar reduplicated type on large 'Palace Style' jar, IV. 342. 344 (Figs- 285, 286) shrines with Double Axes stuck into pillars
with chequer bands (as faf ades of buildings) in friezes of Palace Style 'amphora' from Royal Tomb, Isopata, iv. 348, (as frescoes), imitated, together
349 (Figs. 291,292) importance of this L.M. II type in relation to mature L.M. Ilia ceramic designs ('Late Mycenaean', &c.), iv. 349-52, and Psychro tankard (with chequersquare), 313 (Fig. 249) 'amphoras' of Palace Style
pit
striated foliate
of
II (cont.)
earlier frutescent
palm-tree type,
iv.
XXXV
a, 1012-14, and Coloured PI. b compared with papyrus-reed foliage of Griffin Fresco, ib., c; copied on ;
indigenous polychrome vessel, Tell-el-
Amarna, ib.,d Shapes: alabastra,
11.
'amphoras',
539, iv. 358
334, 540, 605, 640, iii. 25, 386, 471, IV. 192, 227, 300, 302, 3059,
315 n.
11.
318-20, 325, 328, 329,
2,
332, 333. 339-42. 344, 345, 347, 348,
360, 727 baths, 11. 122, 334 n. 6, iii. 385 cups, II. 492 n. I, IV. 300, 353, 366
ewers,
IV.
341, 353, 1007
flask, IV.
305, 339, 353 goblets, pedestalled, 11. 334 n.
i, iii.
494,
308, 355, 359. 360, 363-5. 881 hydrias, IV. 727 IV.
jars,
iv.
1011-13
373, 400
II.
offertory vases, iv. 1016 pithoi, IV. 192, 342, 639, 643-5; profiles
of typical late Palace pithoi,
iv.
644,
645 rhytons,
539, ly. 339 n. 5
11.
round tower shrine of painted
terra-
134, 139 (Fig. 70 bis) stirrup vases, 11. 136 n. 3, 400, 550 n. 2, cotta,
640,
II.
300, 301, 315 n. 2, 353, 733,
IV.
734 vessels, small, iv. 353-71,
1007
Localities:
from Knossos,
11.
122, 358, iv. 315 n. 2,
319.727 Court of the Stone Spout,
— 210, —494 N.W. Sanctuary Hall, 299, 315 325, 342, 360 — Room of the Knobbed Pithos, 25 — light-well of E. Hall, 365 — Hall of the Double Axes, 330 — conduit under N.E. Portico, 494 — bathroom of Queen's Megaron, 385 — Throne Room System, 902 — W. Magazines, 192, 639 — W. Palace Borders, in. 386, 305 ill.
iv.
n. 2,
ill.
iv.
from Deiras
Cemetery, Argos, iv. 333, 334 polychrome decoration (as on L.M. la examples, on pure carbonate of lime wash as frescoes) on incense burners burial
Minoan, L.M.
incense burners,
345 (Fig. 289)
conch shells ( Tritons) on fragments of same IV. 344. 345 (Fig- 289 d, e) ritual func-
by
POTTERY
[137]
Temple Tomb:
sprays derived from
ill.
ill.
ill.
.
iii. 5, iv.
iv.
iv.
—
POTTERY Minoan, L.M. Knossos (cont.)
Pottery,
Localities,
II,
from
— S.E. Angle, 292, 334 — S.W. Angle, 299, 344, 345, 355, 360, 366 — N.W. Palace Borders, 605, 298, 299, 305-7, 319, 339 — Palace, 539, 540, — Royal 400, 329, 353 — Caravanserai, 122 — Viaduct, loi — House of the High 301 — House, 373 — N.W. Treasure House, 619 — House on Gypsades 339 — Temple Tomb, 305, 353, 366, 11.
iv.
iv.
11.
Little
iv. 328.
11.
Villa,
iv.
11.
11.
I.
Priest, iv.
S.
II.
11.
Hill, iv.
n. 5
iv.
1007, loii, 1012, 1016 IV. 332,
Minoan, L.M. Ilia
waterfowl
of
waved
(cont.)
decadent
>
.^
iv. 299, 300, 302, 307-9, 315 n. 2, 320, 328, 339. 341. 347. 348, 353. 881, loii
from Mavro Spelio, iv. 353 from Palaikastro, 11. 632 n. 3 from Thebes, Kolonakeion cemetery,
and chequer pattern (belonging to L.M. II sanctuary type) on clay alabastra of
high
late
L.M. Illa tombs,
type from
Phaestos, iv. 336, 337 (Fig. 280 a, b, c) similar waterfowl with fish and 'palmetto-
papyrus on 'larnax', from Anoia (Mesara), iv. 337, 338 (Fig. 281) L.M. Ilia pottery connected with late Memorial Cult, Temple Tomb, Knosleaved'
IV. 1016, 1017; hydria with decadent adder mark on neck and conventionalized spreading octopus
sos,
IV.
1017 (Fig. 965 k), and cf. 311 (Fig. do. with much stylized papyrus,
ib.
;
(Fig. 965 p).
777 (Fig-.7S6
a).
traces of chariot scene
(L.M.
471,
IV.
MlNOAN, L.M.
2,
on Cypro-Minoan
'kraters' of sepul-
by
550, 551, iv. 236, 356 clear evidence of continuity in Ceramic Art oura,
II.
evidences of
by cemetery of Zafer Pap550, 551, IV. 236, 356 decadence: clay ala-
stylistic
bastron from Mace-bearer's
Tomb,
barbaric representation of waterfowl
—confused
jumble of miscellaneous subjects, sprays with birds' and fishes' tails, IV. 356-8 and Fig. 300; perhaps chronologically L.M. II, iv. 356 new subject here introduced, a one-handled
ewer,
iv.
358 similarly degraded waterfowl already visible on painted jar, possibly antedating of Palace, iv. 335, 336, and Figs.
278, 279
from Cretan
sarcophagi, iv. 658, 659 this class
Ilia:
11.
afforded
clay
;
iv.
ceramic and other remains, unbroken at Knossos by final Catastrophe of Palace,
on
659 n. I (cf. earliest painted sarcophagus, Hagia Triada) Chariot scenes
640,
general cultural continuity, as illustrated
Ill)
larnax from Zafer Papoura Cemetery,
chral usage taken over
550 n. 300, 315 n. 2, 642 11.
fish,
water
IV.
358
from Zafer Papoura,
with
type
indicating
lines
symmetrically rendered octopus of L.M. Ilia type, Minet-el-Beida, iv. 776,
333 340
from Gournia, ill. 85, 92 from Isopata cemetery, 11. 640,
fall
Pottery,
246)
from Deiras cemetery, Argos,
III.
POTTERY
[138]
—prolonging L.M. II
traditions
contemporary on Mainland and Aegean side with L.M. Ic, iv. 747 (and
cf. IV.
292, &c.) L.M. Ilia phase
rapid evolution of
by decadent at
shown
stage already represented
Tell-el-Amarna in 1375 B.C., IV. (this mature stage referred to
747-9 below
as
L.M.
III6)
Shapes: alabastra (high form), iv. 336, 356 (large
squat 3-handled form), 357 goblets, solid-stemmed, iv. 369
incense burner,
iv.
loii
kraters or hydrias, iv. 310, 311 (Figs.
245, 246) miniature vessels,
iv. 80,
1008
sarcophagi, iv. 338 stirrup vase, iv. 642 (or late Localities:
from Knossos:
— Temple Tomb,
iv. 80,
311
L.M.
II)
;
POTTERY L.M.
Pdttery, Minoan,
Ilia, Localities,
from
Kjiossos (cont.)
— House W. of Palace,
iv.
Minoan, L.M.
III6: :
B.C.),
IV.
748 (compare, too, c. 1328-
stirrup vases early 19th Dyn.,
1300 B.C. from Gurob) Reoccupation' deposits (marking partial resettlement after interval during which the ruins were deserted), 11. 335, &c. two high 'stirrup vases' on floor-level above chamber containing stirrupvase tablets, one showing octopus with tentacles extended in symmetrical curves, the other with the symmetrical curves only, and recurved '
horn-like ornament above,
iv.
734,
(Fig. 720) (the tentacles detached
736
meandering
curves
which now
appear as a specifically Knossian outcome of a prevalent octopus type the ;
now
become a common pattern of Mainland and Aegean vessels) from same floor, strainer with adder mark in derivative stage iv. 736 (Fig. 720) 'meandering
curves'
—— •
Minoan, L.M. lllb (cont.) plain low pedestalled cup,
from
336 (inset) clay cylindrical stand with openings
(E. Palace slope),
11.
11.
133
part of well-glazed bowl with horizontal handles with linear inscription,
showing development of 'rudder' sign, IV. 738 (Fig. 722) (cf. II. 247 Fig. 114)
(Mature phase of style corresponding with 'Re-occupation Period' at Knossos) synchronizes with earlier phase of 'diffused Mycenaean' culture, iv. 747 seqq. style already illustrated by pottery from Tell-el-Amarna as royal seat of Akhenaten and Tutankhamen (c. 13771332
Pottery,
shrine, typical of epoch,
334, 335
from Anoia, iv. 338 from Isopata, iv. 356, 357 from Mycenae, IV. 739, 741 from Orchomenos, ill. 426, IV. 681, 739 from Phaestos, iv. 336 from Zafer Papoura, iv. 1008, loii
as
POTTERY
[139]
offertory vessels in late Shrine of
the Double Axes, among them cylindri-
Knossian ceramic influences renewed on Mainland and Aegean side (interrupted by coexistence of L.M. II and L.M. Ilia, with L.M. lb and c), iv. 371, 372 (for 'mature L.M. Illa' read 'L.M. lllb'), IV. 746, 747 conventional papyrus designs of Knossos seen in connexion with derivatives of 'three C's pattern, a purely Palatial
outgrowth at Mycenae (iv. 748) and on 'krater' at Salamis (Enkomi), Cyprus (iv. 372, Fig. 310), and lalysos,
Rhodes (iv. 313, Fig. 249 bis. a) palmette-shaped papyrus (a Cretan derivative,
IV.
(Fig. 729)
338) also diffused, ;
Mycenae, 374
iv.
748
(Fig. 312 b)
;
Cyprus, ib. (Fig. 312 c) Tell-el-Amarna class affiliated, iv. 347-9 interesting parallel between dependence of
Mycenaean' class on Palatial and appearance of the Knossian Linear Script B on L.M.
'diffused
L.M.
II style
III6 stirrup vases at Tiryns, iv. 743
Mycenae
iv.
(Boeotia),
739 seqq.;
Thebes Orchomenos,
744;
743,
739; Eleusis, 744. See, too, y 4.6-^0 lllb Late Revival. 'Late Revival' in ceramic patterns charac-
Minoan L.M. teristic IV.
of advanced
L.M.
Ill phase,
29s, 296
on
stirrup vase
from
intrusive sepul-
cal
tures in entrance niche of Royal Tomb,
tentacles in similar extended curves
Isopata (ornamentalized octopus combined with argonauts), iv. 296 (Fig. 231 a)
bowl with two upright handles and stirrup vase showing octopus with (associated with cult image rising cylindrical bases),
11.
from
336, 337 (Fig.
189), &c.
— similar
Mavro 327)
image:
Goddess and Child, iii. 469, 470 (Fig.
Spelio tomb,
on stirrup vase. Tomb B, Muliana (ornamentahzed argonauts and octopus), iv. 372, 373 (Fig. 311)
on spouted tankard, Diktaean Cave (Psychro)
(ornamentalized
octopus
3
POTTERY lllb, 'Late
Revival'
Pottery,
Minoan, L.M.
combined with argonauts), IV. 3 12,
31
fFig. 249)
on stirrup vases Rhodes (dolphins,
associated
'three C's', octopus,
and waterfowl),
from
lalysos,
with
IV.
313 on two-handled goblet from lalysos with highly decorative flying duck;
and papyrus sprays of Tell-el-Amarna type, IV. 29s, 296 (Fig. 231 c)
on two-handled bowl from Granary, (rosette and 'winged' argonauts on handled jug from same witfi curved bands), iv. Fig. 231 a (For the 'Late Revival' on sealstone with typical Argonaut pattern
Mycenae
see Figure, p. 183)
Minoan L.M.
1 116
tentacles
type,
—
votive,
pithoi,
combined with octopus saltutn) of
II.
iv.
352
(Fig. 294) panel with chequer work from same architectonic source on tankard from
Diktaean Cave, Psychro,
iv.
312, 313
on Krater, My-
(Fig. 219 b); similar
cenae, 350 (Fig. 2936) later degradations of pillar shrine ('metope')
type, IV. 352 (Figs. 295, 296) 'Metope' motive, copied in Palestine by early Philistine settlers from c. 1300 B.C., IV.
351
(L.M. III6), Propylaeum, n.
pithoi of Re-occupation date later floor, S.
689 (Fig. 433) Shapes: (L.M. Wlb) 'amphora', IV. 296 globular (lalysos), 374 (Enkomi, Cyprus) ;
cylindrical vessel,
goblets, solid
11.
133
stemmed,
iv.
350, 351, 370,
late
'kylix', IV.
352
294 (bell-shaped), 747, 748
336, 337, iv. 296, 313,
II. 157 sarcophagus (larnax) from Zafer Papoura Cemetery showing traces of chariot scene (first Cretan example of break of taboo of about seven centuries from M.M. la on introduction of human or animal figures into vasepainting), jeei. 606-8 (practice becomes
—
—
common in Crete in succeeding epoch)
— Chariot scenes on Cypro-Minoan from Enkomi,
iv.
'kra-
659 (Fig. 646),
818, 819 (Fig. 797 a, b, c) (cemetery approximately dated by scarab of II, c.
1300-1234B.C.); Cretan
from Chariot scenes from
sarcophagi,
MlNOAN, L.M.
iv. 295, 296 IIIc (with Sub-Minoan' and
overlapping evidence of Cretan Proto-
Geometrical) large later deposit of offertory vessels, in
Spring Chamber of Caravanserai,
11.
128-39 hut-urn from deposit containing figure of Minoan Goddess, outer circumference painted with very late degeneration of Metope motive with tentacles, II. 128-30 (Figs. 63, 64); similar hut-urn (without image) from Phaestos, II.
130 (Fig. 65), and 133 n.
similar urns (cinerary),
i;
from Latium
and Etruria (Early Iron Age), 11. 130 and n. 2 with insets, 131 others from district between HarzandElbe, 11. 132; similar from Sweden (Bronze Age, Vth Period), II. 132, 133 and n. 4 with inset other offertory vessels from Spring Chamber, .clay pans and incense burners ;
with remains of olives, &c., (Fig. 68), 135; duck-shaped small
371. 373 'kraters', iv. 349,
11.
736
Rameses
threshold of 'Atreus Tomb',
glass
(inset)
vessel in shape of ass,
origin of,
example supplied by sherd from under
champagne
336
747 strainer, iv.
decorative motive derived from pillar
specially abundant at Mycenae, iv. 349, 350 (Fig- 293 «. V) ('metope' types);
i,
Shapes [cont)
II. 292 689
stirrup vase,
ters'
—appearance (per
119 n.
II.
shrine with Double Axes of L.M. II 'Palace Style' type (cf. iv. 347-9)
from
Illi,
pedestalled cups, low
(cont.)
.
POTTERY
[140]
Minoan, L.M.
Pottery,
:
bell-shaped
'kraters',
II.
134
vessels,
stirrup
vase (with conical protuberance above
and hatched triangular
pattern), gob-
:
:
POTTERY Pottery,
Minoan, L.M. IIIc {cont.) lets, &c., and a duck-shaped
worms misapplied
138; eels or
a),
on Dipylon fibulae, figurines of Sphinx and animal, to horses
(Fig.
ib.
136
11.
69 K, l)
parts of bell-shaped 'krater' with 'crested'
triangular motives,
11.
137,
Fig. 70,
2-4 and do. double axe, 5 parallel finds from Chamber Tombs, Karakovilia (near Vrokastro, E. Crete
Hall),
II.
137, 138,
and
n.
i
:
(Fig.
E.
motive,
stirrup
vase
H.
70B)
(bell-shaped 'krater' with 'crested angular'
tri-
with
hatched triangles and conical excrescence above false mouth, duck-shaped three-footed vessel and two-handled goblet with stumpy pedestal, characteristic
of period
;
bowed and
slightly
stilted fibulae)
contents of built chamber
tomb A, Muli-
ana, E. Crete, iv. 374-7; bell-shaped
krater with 'agrimis'.
huntsman pursuing two
Fig. 314
without legs showing non-acquaintance with riding. Fig. 312 d; cylindrical two-handled bow with doubleaxe ornament. Fig. 314 6 and highstilted fibula (bronze sword and dagger
found)
human
Minoan, L.M. IIIc {cont) (Sub-Minoan, &c.): from Asine, iv. 755, 757, 758 from Cretan tombs, 11. 137 from Cypriote tombs, 11. 136 from Karakovilia, 11. 137 from Knossos, Spring-Chamber, 129, i35n. 3, 136, IV. 352
Pottery, vessel
with three legs, 11. 137 fragment of large jar from deposit, showing two confronted herons ( ?) with eels ( ?) or large worms between, 11. 137 (Fig. 70
POTTERY
[141]
Localities
— above
two-storied pots, spirals, iv.
Minyan,
stumpy pedestal, &c.), iv. 736(Fig.737)
iv.
637
from Knossos, 11. 309 Cycladic from Knossos, Temple Repositories, :
—
3°9. 54° House of the Sacrificed Oxen,
from Melos,
558,
i.
n. 8, 715,
11.
11.
11.
309
185, 430, iv. 80
797
from Phylakopi,
11.
179,
484
n. 4,
iii.
115
n. 3> 276, 312, 385, IV. 290, 330, 341 from Thera, 11. 312 n. i, iv. 715
Shapes askos, IV. 81
alabastron, iv. 290, 341
ary hallos,
Ornament
(? 'tattoo'), IV. 757 (Fig. 738) comparisons with objects in Sub-Mycenaean Shrine of Double Axes at Asine (similar two-handled goblet with
430,
11.
250
22, 38 n. 2, 60, 168, 193, 194, III. 133 n. 2, iv. 363
I.
Syro-Hittite cylinders, iv. 375 (Fig.
head of figurine (Minoan Goddess), Knossos, with marks on cheeks and forehead
146
"• 309. 473 n. 2,
pyxides,
313 «. *)
11.
128,
from Myndos, 11. 43 Mainland, Non-Minoan Types: Helladic, from Argolid, 11. 211 from Drachmani, i. 168 from Kahun, 11. 211 from Mycenae, 11. 428 from Zygouries, iv. 250 n. i
on Muliana Kylix, iv. 374 (Figs. 2,12 d and 314 a) show 'pig-tail' of Mainland Geometrical kind two-eyed double profiled horse on Muliana 'krater' showing analogies with horses on chariot scenes of Enkomi 'amphora', iv.374(Fig.3i26),and with figures on figures
S. Portico,
11.
ill.
312
baths, IV. 330 bird vases, 11. 309, 540, iv. 81 'fruit-stands',
iii.
276
112, 166, iv. 89, 90 syspension pots, I. 62 1.
two-storied pots, 'wash-basins',
birds,
II.
III.
11.
309, 540, IV. 81, 330
chariots, IV.
797
ducks, IV. 330 engraved, iv. 90 n. fishes, III.
galleys,
430
385
11.
i
385 241
graffito, IV. 89,
90
incised and punctuated,
i.
36
:
:::
POTTERY
POTTERY
[142]
Ornament
Pottery, Cycladic,
Pottery, Egyptian, Shapes (cont.)
(cont.)
inscriptions, iv. 715
312
ivy. III.
aryhallos,
11.
bowls,
193
II.
497
reeds, in. 385
candlesticks,
shield,
312, IV. 290, 341
ostrich-egg vessels,
250
pans,
III.
spirals, iv.
swallow.
341
imitating seal types,
i.
Cypriote:
211, IV. 749, 1013
II.
sprays, iv. 1013
Copper Age,
i.
78, 115
Bronze Age, from Enkomi, IV. 658, 659 from lalysos, iv. 288, 289 from Paraskevi, iv. 407 n. 5 Shapes: amphoras, iv. 288, 289 askos, IV. 80 n. 8
dove
223
28
11.
polychrome,
558
11.
190
Ornament Double Axe,
115 n. 3
III.
zvuz-lily, IV.
II.
n. 2
727
11.
vessels, iv.
407
11.
257
:
from from from from from
Anatolia,
115
I.
Ankhiale,
iv.
534 Beth-Shan, iv. 167 Bethshemesh, 11. 237
Eski-Samsoun (Amisos),
iv.
764, 765,
767
kraters, iv. 295, 338, 658,
659
Ornament: chariot scenes of Cretan origin, iv. 295
crocus pendants,
iv. 288, 289 steward holding scales on Cypro-Minoan
krater, iv. 658,
Syro-Egyptian, Asiatic
matt-painted,
I.
559 n.
i
Shapes:
659
Geometric from Athens, Dipylon Cemetery,
from Minet-el-Beida, iv. 776, 777 from Palestine, IV. 391 n. 6 from Ras Shamra, iv. 776 et seqq. from Troad, I. 47, 117, 11. 179, 265,
askos, IV. 81
:
iv.
164,
figure vessel,
237
11.
rhytons, bull's head, iv. 764, 767
165
from Kanli Kasteli, 11. 74 n. 5 from Kavusi, iv. 797 from Knossos, in. 171 n. 2, iv. 18 from Komo, 11. 89 from Milatos, iv. 164 from Rhodes, iv. 165 Ornament chariots, iv.
chequers,
iv.
797 350
n.
i
snakes, IV. 164, 165
Greek: from Kanli Kasteli, 11. 74 from Knossos, 11. 5, 7 Story of Theseus and 'Ring of Minos' on, Franfois Vase,
iv.
957, 958
Egyptian from El Kab, 11. 727 n. 2 from Gebelein, 11. 190 from Hierakonpolis, 11. 28, iv. 982 from Naqada, 11. 26, 190 from Tell-el-Amarna, iv. 749, 1013 :
fluted, IV.
snake tubes,
777 167
iv.
stirrup vase, iv. 777
Ornament ivy, IV. 764,
765
lion springing
on
bull, IV.
779
534
oats, IV.
767 polychrome, IV. 777 Italian from Bismantova, II. 429 from Crespellano, 11. 428 from Etruria, li. 130, 131 from Latium, II. 130, 131 :
from Sicily, II. 626, 627, from Villanova, 11. 429
iv.
Shapes: two-storied,
urns,
II.
11.
428, 429
130, 131, 429
Ornament reeds,
11.
626, 627
imitating metal,
i.
242
Roman:
Shapes: alabastron, iv. 778,
—
from Fair Havens,
11.
85
960
n.
i
IV.
81
POTTERY
Priest-kings {cont.)
{cont.)
— portraits
from Knossos, 11. 146, iii. 258 Bronze Age, from Nienhagen, 11.
175,
ill.
178 n. I Bulgarian, bird vase from Kodjadermen,
iv.
Son. 7 Maltese,
11.
190
Pueblo Indian,
iv.
91 n. 3
13
11.
11.
on E.M. seals, i. 124, iv. 521 Minoan, settlement of in Greece, iv. 283, 284
Potters' tables, of stone,
silver vessel
589 n.
I.
i
on faience ewer from
E.,
Central Treasury Byblos,
at
Knossos,
II.
655 n. 4
from Chamber
Tomb
at
825 Poulton, Sir Edvyard, on chrysalises on 'Ring of II.
Nestor',
11.
788
259 haematite seal from, stater of, 11. 278 n. 2
Priansos, coin-types of,
II.
ill.
11.
11.
dress of, Syrian influence on,
of, 11.
182
16, 681,
steatite
— tomb
of, at
on Harvester Vase from Hagia Triada,
Priestesses of dove-cult, Prinia,
L.M.
142 n.
Palace at Knossos,
iv.
from
Little
on gems from Mainland, iv. 550 Minoan, 1. 1, 5, 6, 12, 26, 154, 159 control of road communications by, 11. 78, 79
— — dress 398, 401 — heroized 447 — Palace from 271, 794 — palanquin 224, 398 and Palanquin — painted S.N. Corridor of,
I.
relief of, in
iv.
at Mallia,
:
at, I.
508, iv. 27,
144, 158-61
160 n. 4
at, iv.
424,
I.
11.
III.
178,
297,
880
IV.
of, iv.
880
L.M.
in
lb, iv.
881
III6 .ceramic orna-
at
Knossos) Anatolian type of, 11.
{see, too,
695
— Minoan type 695 — Mycenae, 671, 692, — Tiryns, 692, 694; Minoan Crete, 695 — Troy, 694 2 at
11.
see Frescoes,
at
Knossos,
353. 427. 644. 685, 774-95 (and frontispiece of II, Pt. i, PL XIV), IV. 6, 323, 400
11.
11.
11.
iv.
222
plan taken from
n.
11.
Proteus, legend of,
37 n. 2, in. 155 I. 29 Prow sign, in Linear Script A, I. 641 Pryce, Mr. F. N., on sculpture from facade of Atreus Tomb at Mycenae, 11. 193 I.
297,
Minoan
11.
style,
I. i
— painted stucco
i.
early
223
399, — scheme, Egyptian origin
Pseira,
of, iv.
insignia of,
I,
Provincialism in
216, 490
Priest-kings,
cult of,
i.
la snake sanctuary
— early Greek temple
at
bead-seal
cup from Hagia Triada, iv. 400 Knossos, see Temple Tomb
at
11.47 Ill
on lentoid from Mycenae,
572
of,
I.
683, IV. 215, 398, 401, 404, 882
II-
IV.
Propylon
iv.
M.M.
419
sacrificing boar,
House
28
48
— Maltese, prehistoric organization — Minoan, augurs, 573 as
on Vapheio lentoid
ment, IV. 374 (Syro-Hittite connexion, ib.) Propaganda House, see Niru Khani, Priest's
493 n. 2
Double Axes,
of Neith at Sais,
on
412
chariot, wielding spear
Minoan extension of Profile, two-eyed, in L.M.
116 n. 4
ill.
— in — — on
452, 683, 684, 708, 710, 719-57,
Prickle-work, see Barbotine Priests, Egyptian, of
iv.
Procession Fresco, from Knossos,
n. 2, iv. 149
Pounders, ritual, of stone, I. 219 Praesos, Greek-written inscriptions from,
— —
9,
IV.
seal, IV.
13
Potters,
on
i.
— on sealing from Room of the Stone Bench, 925 — holding bow, on bead-seal from Knossos, 413 — on bead-seals, 413, 414 IV.
Monsieur
from Knossos,
•
slate stands for, Neolithic vessels,
Pottier,
sealings
— leading Griffin, on bead-seal from Vapheio,
iiz
iv.
chisel for smoothing. Neolithic,
—
on
of,
268, IV. 400
single axe,
112
IV.
II.
IV.
North African modern, Zuni,
PSEIRA
[143]
Roman
Pottery,
III.
relief
— pottery from, M.M.
I, i.
M.M.
III6-L.M.
L.M.
la,
747
from house
at, 11.
731,
38
I.
n. 2, III.
L.M.
lb,
I.
611,
193
la,
11.
II.
260, 422 n. 2, 484,
475
206 314,
n. 5, IV. 272, 290,
II.
497, 822,
955
III.
90, 346
1
PSEIRA
RA
[144]
Pylos, Messenian,
Pseira (cont.)
— stone goblet from,
790 n. 4
11.
on tomb of Zeus, I. 154 Psemmatismeno, Cyprus, copper swords from Psellos, Michael,
cemeteries
Psychro,
II,
I.
nected with,
278, 284, 285
sanctuary of
cave
—identified
on Dikte, I. i, 159, 163, 444, birthplace of Zeus, 11. 48
with
11.
doves
in, iv.
II.
L.M.
11.
839
station at, n.
II pottery
199,
ill.
316, IV. 168,
.
from, with inscription
of Linear Class A, 438,
IV.
I. 497, 625-30, II. 48, 157 (found in 1894: in Ashmolean
Museum) at, 11.
135 bronze dagger from, M.M. II,
I.
195 n.
i,
754, in. Ill, IV. 845, 848 double axe and base, I. 427, 438, iv. 212 figure of adorant, I. 681, in. 461 II.
ox-head weight, iv. 655 bronze tablet, with cult scene, inscribed, 632-5,
Pteria, see
II. 790 n. 3, Boghaz Keui
III.
69, 462, IV.
I.
56, 59, 70,
n. 2,
I.
see
Pyxides, Cycladic,
i.
—
-
114,
10, 12, iv.
i.
Pyrgos Psilonero,
Kydonia 20, 112, n.
40
inlaid steatite, iv. 91
— from Kumasa, 91 — from Messenian Pylos, n. 246, 247 — from Pyrgos, 114 I.
•
—
•
from E. Treasury
lid of crystal, III.
— — green 362 n.
steatite,
at
Thebes,
11.
739, 754
with Philistines, on pylon of
Medinet Habu, I. 664, 666 Pumice stone, from Neolithic strata
at
Knossos,
13
from beneath
Magazine, i. 172 Punches, middle Neolithic, from Knossos,
Purple, see Shell,
i.
42,
346, ni. 95
295
gistic
ornament,
iv.
543 et seqq.
Oxen,
II.
305
Mr. C, on dolmens near
Cairo,
181 n. 3
R 435
murex
Pylon of Medinet Habu,
11.
Quatrefoil inlays, iv. 236, 315, 940 Querns, stone, from House of the Sacrificed
n. 13 Italy, in.
of, on scarab seals, n. 207 on Mycenaean stela, n. 201
Ra, sign i.
664, 665,
11.
11.
at
Quibell,
W.
Puppet-shows, religious, in S.
93,
Niru Khani, n. 233, 280 Quarry (of chase), wounded, in Minoan sphra-
Boxers
Pulasati, identified
I.
Q -at Knossos,
Puemra, tomb of
from Mochlos,
I
Qebeh, Egyptian libation vase from, 11. 825 Quarries, Minoan, at Hagia Irini, n. 62 -at Hagio Pnevma, 11. 233
——
1X2
Knossos,
at
410
672
Ptolemy, son of Agesandros, on grave of Kinyras, II. 838 n. 2 Pueblo Indians, shell patterns on pottery of, iv.
Pugilists, see
at,
I v.
votive deposits
719, 720,
Minoan guard
— larnakes from, 59 n. — leg-amulets from, 84 75 — pottery from, E.M., 60, n. 80 — from, 84 schist figurines
589
steatite libation table
found near,
280
i.
I.
Harageh con-
76
I.
III«, iv. 295, 312, 369,
372
II.
M.M.
II,
at
211
of Teti, siege sqene on, in. 102 n. 4
II.
seal-stones from,
I.
-
II.
210
II.
—
41
pottery from,
43, iv.
246, 247, 487, 488
traces of road near, n. 75 Pyrgos, by Niru Khani, ossuary
81
stalagmitic pillars in,
—
11.
Pyrgos, on Great South road,
—
629,
— of Senusert —
527
connexion with Juktas, ii. 439 with Knossos, II. 439 I.
11.
Kakovatos
see
workmen's settlement
M.M.
Diktaean Cave:
cult in,
pottery from,
— Old,
Pshent, see Kilt Psi hieroglyph,
lb tholoi at,
Pyramids, Egyptian, n. 41 n. 2
273 n. 3
at, 11.
L.M.
243
35
n. 3,
— victory of over serpent Apet,
11.
841
11,
RACQUET
Racquet pattern, on M.M. Ila pottery from Harageh, ii. 216, iv. 108; from Knossos, 213,
250, IV. 53 on M.M. 116 pottery, iv. 136, 137 on L.M. la pottery, 11. 218, iv. 267
II.
REEDS
[145]
iv.
at,
Thisbe and clay sealing from Knossos,
iv.
451. 452 bead-seals
'talismanic'
Rainfall,
:
{see too
463 n.
Isopata tombs (for percolation of libations), IV. 771 et seqq. Raulin, Dr. V., on seismic zone in Crete,
relating to,
iv.
afforestation,
11.
I
characters
from Eski Samsoun,
— Minoan sphragistic designs — on gold signet-ring from Dendra, in
iv.
of, iv.
Ram's horn,
Ravens on Hagia Triada sarcophagus, I. 440 as symbol of divinity, I. 447 Razors, bronze, from pit in Sepulchral Chamber of Temple Tomb at Knossos, IV. 1004 obsidian, from W. Magazines, IV. 635 Reber, Dr. G. F., steatite Sphinx from Tylissos
—
,
IV.
iv.
768
in collection of,
M.M.
Red
II,
on
Rameses
III, raids of
Kadesh,
relief of battle of
ill.
— pigment
of,
11.
Red
36 11.
46
Neolithic trade of with Mediterranean,
Ramesseum
at Thebes, sculptures of Hippopotamus goddess on, iv. 434 siege of Tabor on, ill. 104 Ramman Martu, on Babylonian cylinder from
Candia, 11. 266 Randall-Mclver, Dr., on
11.
38
as
iv. 533, 557,
at,
in
end of
par. for
ornamental
as
n.
frescoes,
III6,
i.
426, 539,
L.M.
la,
II.
('striated'
450
type)
L.M.
II, iv.
890-2,
910-12 (GrifEn frieze) at Mycenae (as late Knossian fashion), iv. 1013 and Suppl. :
tablets
from Library
781, 782
— Cypro-Minoan connexions
of faience
and head-shaped goblet from, 557
IV.
mask
776
— Knossian L.M. II traditions on pottery from,
777 — Linear Script B used
(at
473
378, 391
Minoan Kingdom Egyptian
type, IV. 778, 779
iv.
iii.
— Minoan development of motive, 2 627 — Minoan M.M.
vase from, representing
— cuneiform alphabet on
iii.
'wreaths' read 'reeds')
II-
adaptation of Middle
Minoan Goddess on
to
from Thisbe,
473 — compared with 'Entry of the Reed' in spring
770
— ivory carvings from,
offering
signet-ring
11.
Ras-Shamra, Minoan colony
— alabaster
109
IV.
Reeds,
feast of Attis, circles at Msila,
Rapiers, see Swords
IV.
iv. 3
on Middle Neolithic incised
Sea, habitat of Tridacna,
346
at, IV.
inlaid,
i.
70
I, I.
I, I.
147 paint, ritual use of,
ware,
Akaiwasha in time
425
herbs in, 11. 748 n. i Rectangular houses, E.M.
571 171
868
Rameses
III.
Recipe, Egyptian medical, mention of Keftiu
helmet on Vapheio gem,
as crest of
11.
—
clay votive, inscribed with Linear Class
A
Tomb at Isopata,
771 et seqq. blind openings in these also paralleled by
313,1V. 989 n. 2
under Vegetation Charms)
11. 462-4 Cyprus after
in
Royal
identical with
IV.
550
Crete,
— increase of Ram,
iv.
evidence of greater amount of in
Minoan
iv.
form
at in a.d. 1667,
321 n. I, 322, IV. 990 n. I Rain pictograph, origin of drop sign, iv. 658 Rain-bringing rites, on gold signet-ring from
446-50
inscriptions,
tablets
II.
on gems from Mainland,
{cant.)
silver IV.
III.
on seals, 11. 217 Ragusa (Dubrovnik), earthquake
Ras-Shamra
— from, bowl, with Minoan 782 — stone weight from, 530 — from, 451, 781, 782 — tombs of corbelled construction and
— —
PI.
LXVI,c.
at, iv.
782
M.M.
384-6 grass) on pottery,
Illi,
I.
580; L.M.
II, III.
(or
M.M.
Ill,
I.
556, 579,
60s
L.M.
776,
i,c. 2
as bath decoration,
vases)
I«,
II.
loi, IV. 1002 (on 'flower-pot'
:
REEDS
RELIEFS
[146]
Reeds, on pottery
Reliefs, painted stucco {cont.)
(cont.)
of by close of
II-III)
ample from H. of Sacrificed Oxen deposit, II. 319; part of bull's head and bossed rosette, and Spiral Fresco frieze, I. 375, 376
developed by
Polychrome type on incense burner from L.M. II Sepulture Temple Tomb, IV. loii, 1012 and Coloured PI. XXXV copied on Tell-el-Amarna vase, iv. 1013-14 and Coloured PI. XXXV Melian (on washing bowl), i. 598, iii. 385 Sicilian,
22,
i.
transitional
and
I. 'JIT,
n. 3:
on
origin of
Naked God-
427
Reindeer Period, carvings of,
alphabetic
ill.
on bone
signs
vessels, iv.
985 n.
i
of, at
Thebes,
116, 166,
11.
226, 534, 728, IV. 329, 653, 753 inscription in referring to Princes Keftiu,
II.
•
iv.
ill. 496, 517 Disappear in L.M. la 'Priest-king', last example, 11. 775 seqq. and II, Pt. ii, frontis-
—
by artistic and physiological authorities: Sir William Richmond, R.A., 11. 783, III. 506, 507; Prof. Arthur Thompson,
;
n. 3, 497,
on Mainland
side
489
by
n.
i
reliefs
(of
supporting baetylic column on stepped base, ill. 510-15 Ceiling reliefs: remains of large spiraliform, from Great South Hall colouring lost, in. 30 with spiral and rosette design from Miniature Fresco area, in. 30, 31, and Griffins
;
Knossian gypsum) of bulls of the same
Coloured PL
'Vapheio' cycle from the 'Atreus' fa?ade at
III.
31
Mycenae,
III.
31
Low
relief
iii.
M.M. M.M.
associated (in Great East Hall) with
fidelity
783
II.
Agonistic and bull-grappling reliefs from Great East Hall, M.M. III6, 497-509; boxers, iii. 498-508 (compared with reliefs on steatite rhytons and seal impressions, iii. 500, 501-4; and cf. I. 688-92, IV. 600, 601) wrestlers, III. 497-9 and Fig. 342 A Woman's breasts from female taureador in above composition, i. 531, iii. 508, 509
XIV
Appreciations of the style and anatomical
Paralleled
172 Part of lion's neck and mane,
333, IV. 538 (rivet-hole as III6 frescoes, cf. 11. 680)
supreme development of painted
stucco technique,
from the
166-71 Rock-work fore-ground from the above,
above,
—
II.
of
17 (Fig. 8)
iv. 16,
Olive-trees in bossed relief
of
656
In genere. Unique product of Knossian School of Art those from Island Station of Pseira similar to fragments from Knossos,
F.R.C.S.,
area
375, 376 N. Portico)
i.
;
stored section,
Reliefs, painted stucco (A.E.)
piece, PI.
scene,
Ilia,
III. 172, 173 (Fig. 116), 174-6, IV. 537; parallels with Vapheio cup scenes, III. 177; with gypsum reliefs from 'Atreus' Tomb fagade (Mycenae), III. 192-201 re-
\l\b,
28, 38
S.-N.
(Lower relief than those from Higher reliefs. Remains of bull-grappling scenes from N. Portico (M.M. III6): charg-
269
reliefs
M.M.
Fresco,
Spiral
IV. 171,
III.
la),
11.
XIV, from bull-grappling
Minoan tributaries portrayed in, 11. 176, 728, 739-44; ingots carried by, iv. 653; rhytons carried by, 11. 226, 534, 738, iv.
High
28,
ing bull.
407
Reisner, Dr. G. A., on Early Egyptian stone
Rekhmara, tomb
iii.
II.
685, 774-85, Coloured PI. frontispiece Pt. ii, iv. 6, 323, 400
Reichel, Dr. W.,
•
(cf.
Corridor,
dess, IV.
III& 'Jewel Fresco'
Priest-king Relief (L.M.
iv.
on silver rhyton from Mycenae, 89 n. 2, 92 n. 4, 98 n. 2 Reinach, Monsieur Salomon, on galop volant,
M.M.
731, 732) (Fig. 15a) 40, 731, also Knossos (fragmentary), 11. 39-41
38
539 III.
;
(from Toilette scene), i. 312, 525-7 Seated ladies, M.M. IIK, Pseira,
627
11.
Regulini Galassi tomb, silver bowl from, _
M.M. 116, III. 189; fully M.M. Ilia, 11. 355 Early ex-
L.M. II, iv. 342-4, 1011-14: derived from palm leaves (M.M. class)
('striated'
194 seqq.
technique, evidence of existence
;
XV;
suggested L.M. la date,
reaction of Egyptian influence on,
fragment
of,
with lotus design in miplat
:
RELIEFS
RELIGION
[147]
Reliefs, painted stucco {cont.)
Religion, Baetylic Cult of Sacred Stones {cont.)
technique, derived from Queen's Megaron, 874, 875; mature L.M. la, date, IV. 874; under i8th Dynasty influence,
371-4,
III.
IV.
372; resembles Orchomenos limestone close parallelism with painted friezes in the flat at Knossos and Tiryns, iv. III.
ceiling:
.874-7 Reliefs, see Faience,
Gypsum,
Ivory, Limestone,
Sculpture, Steatite, Terra-cotta
Cairn or peak as baetylic equivalent of divinity with
sculptural
antithetic lions:
group on architrave (sealing. Little Palace), IV. 605,608 (Fig. 597 a), 611, 612 Tree as habitation of divinity within :
Sanctury,
159, 160, 172, 173, ill. 142, IV. 950-2; as equivalent of baetylic column in
i.
group',
'antithetic
iv.
{and
453
see
Trees, sacred)
— — Goddess replacing her columnar form '
Religion (Minoan)
between lions (Mycenae lentoid), iv. 620; on peak between lions (sealings. Central Shrine, Knossos), 11. 808, 809, iv. 607, 608
Characteristic Features and External Relations (A. E.) Baetylic (or Aniconic) Cult of Sacred stones (bethels) in shape of omphali
838-40), and stalagmitic formations (in Cave of (11.
Eileithyia,
11. 839); as artificial pillars, often associated with trees ('Tree and Pillar
Cult'),
temporary indwelling of which by
the divinity was secured by due ritual,
I.
(Fig. 597 A. e)
young God as equivalent of his columnar form, between lions, iv. 467, Fig. 391 bis (lentoid, Kydonia); on seal impression, Knossos, IV. 604; between Minoan Genii, iv. 465 ('Orvieto'); between Genius and Winged Goat (Psilonero,Benaki Coll.),
159-62, 223, 224 typical representation of on gold signet-
IV.
467
ring from Knossos (descent of divinity above
IV.
461
obelisk, before sanctuary portal with pillar
and
fig-trees);
in
159, 160 (Fig. 115), III. 136 Crypts (or 'pillar-rooms')
1.
Pillar
associated with cult objects (Double Axes, sacral knots, vats for sacrificial blood, off'er-
tory vessels),
I.
415-30
(in a pillar crypt
of a Gypsades house, off^ertory cups set in
rows beside
pillar,
bottoms upwards and
covering carbonized vegetable material) libations
poured over
sacred trees by
Column curved
cairns, pillars,
and
Minoan
Genii, iv. 453-5 (sometimes standing on in-
altar-block)
with
monsters
or
sacred animals as supporters or guardians
Lions (sealings 610-12; Lions' Gate,
Griffins (relief), ill. 5 10-17
and
signet-ring), iv.
Mycenae
>
(antithetic goats before
Mycenae),
iv.
it,
sealing,
613, 614
incurved altar-base (alone), with Lion supporters, iv. 611, sealings (Zakro, Hagia
Triada); with collared hounds (sealings,
608 (Fig. 597 g.) incurved altar-bases with antithetic Griffins and Priest-king's throne in centre. Room of the Throne, Knossos (implied Knossos),
IV.
divinity), iv.
919-22
Minoan Genius between lion guardians, Scheme itself
of divinity between monsters
taken over from Oriental models;
Cypro-Minoan example on imported
cylin-
der, IV. 425 Pillar or
Menhir
or possibly young
as
God
tombstone of hero (in small temenos
with suspended shield: mourning scene),
Mycenae,
signet-ring,
I.
172, 173,
(Fig. 93) (such pillars give rise to Zeus', &c., I. 159, 162) ritual
means
securing
of
ill.
142 of
'Tomb
descent
of
by invocation or incantation, I. 159, 160; by blowing conch shell {triton)
divinity:
(lentoid Idaean Cave),
terra-cotta shrine,
I.
I.
221, 222; votive of
159;
by ceremonial
dancing, ill. 72-5 (Miniature Fresco, Isopata &c.).
ring,
Sarcophagus
scene
Triada), deceased 'hero' brought sacrifice, libations,
lyre,
and
(Hagia
up by
strains of pipe
439, 440 evocation of deceased hero from
and
I.
tomb
by means of libations, music, and ofl?ering: he appears before its portal receiving ship and sacrificed bull; on painted sarcophagus, .Hagia Triada, (Fig. 317);
i.
439 (Fig. 316), 440
Offertory figure of galloping
RELIGION
RELIGION
[148]
Religion, Baetylic Cult of Sacred Stones {cont.)
Religion, Ecstatic 'possession' {cont.)
rendered animal of
tripod hearth (for offerings), in
heifer, conventionally
body of
cell
bull-sports (as Tiryns fresco), iv. 45 (Figs.
offertory vessels,
28, 29)
worn pebbles, 11. 336 (see, too. Shrines); Double Axes stuck in pillars of Shrine
Divine
'possession'
of
baetylic
object
indicated by alighted dove (or other bird),
(fresco),
doves (cf. too, sealing, Mycenae), in Miniature Terracotta Shrine, Knossos, I. 220-4
cenae,
trinity of
pillars writh
settled
Ecstatic 'possession' (of votaries or divinities),
produced by juice of sacred trees, as Soma, (bough pulled down to procure it from I. 432, II. 340, 341 (Fig. 1946), III. 142, 143 (signets, Mycenae), iv. 950, 954
fruit),
('Ring of Minos')
i. 443, 444; Do., My444, 445; stuck in same way in of natural stalagmite pillars of
crevices
I.
336-8; flooring of sea-
Knossos,
I.
lower sanctuary chro),
11.
vault,-
Diktaean Cave (Psy-
444
—
Eschatology of Minoan religious belief new lights on afforded by 'Ring of Nestor', 11. 788,
146-57;
III.
field
divided into four
compartments by Minoan Yggdrasil or 'Tree of the World', iii. 146-55; Goddess (with companion seated in first compartment) with two chrysalises and two butterflies above [see Butterfly and Chrysalis), ill.
doves alighted on nude female figure 1. 224 on head of Goddess, Shrine of Double Axes, 11. 339, 340; parallel to Holy Spirit in shape like a dove, lighting on Jesus at Baptism, I. 223,
of resurgence, speciality of
224
151, 152; left of
(3rd Shaft Grave, Mycenae),
possibly
Birds,
ravens,
;
symbolizing
by divine spirit, perched on Double Axes (as baetylic objects) in ritual 'possession'
scene of Hagia Triada Sarcophagus, 441,
I.
440,
IV.
42, 43 Dove settled
on sacred
tree
(Votive
bronze tablet, Diktaean Cave), I. 632, 635 Double Axe Private Chapel of in 'High :
148-52; appearance of chrysalis as emblem
at entrance to
offerings,
—
;
—
edges; in centre, before altar ledge, plaster
ill.
152-5;
XX
itself also
;
;
guardian lion in second compartment, tended by Diaskourai: Translation of scene into Miniature painting, ill. 156, 157 and Coloured PI. A; recall to life illustrated by Hagia Triada sarcophagus, 'hero' brought before portal of tomb by ritual
205-13 body (or nave) with side benches (like choir-stalls), iv. 206, 207, 208; intermediate compartment with gypsum cists for offerings entered by stepped opening in columnar balustrade ('Chancel screen') ibid., and inner sanctuary with evidence of double gates of bronze containing central altar of sacrifice flanked by pyramidal pedestals for double axes, ibid. central drain for blood of sacrifices, iv. 208, 210, 211. Late Shrine (sacellum) of Double Axes near S.E. Palace Angle of Reoccupation Period (most complete illustration of earlier arrangement), 11. 335-42 small cell with altar ledge along back wall, 11. 316-18 Cult objects on altar ledge sacral horns with double axes (pair), terra-cotta figures (Goddess and votary with doves), miniature limestone double axe with reduplicated ;
iii.
Underworld reappear below
before Griffin's judgement seat,
Priest'sHouse',of ecclesiastical arrangement, IV.
Minoan Art,
Man and Woman
Goddess,
279, 285 shape of
;
I.
439, 440-2, iv. 43, 44; tomb as shrine of Goddess, 11.
used
symbolical form of grave
Double Axe,
Knossos,
ibid.;
cist in
Temple Tomb
964-1018 of, tomb, also a shrine: Tomb of Double Axes, Knossos: internal shrine by head of sepulchral cavity with double axes and ritual vessels and baetylic pillar in relief, 11. 278, 279, and 285, Fig. 169 (rock-hewn grave cist in shape of Double Axe) see too Temple Tomb Chthonic character of Goddess evidenced by snake attributes, I. 447, 501-4 (and at
IV.
Sepuchral aspects
;
507-9 Sunken Lustral Basins Crypts connected with, 11. 322, 323. 520-3, III. 10-12 Earthquakes, connexion with, propitiatory offerings of ox-heads in overthrown House frontispiece),
and
;
Pillar
of the Sacrificed Oxen,
320-2,
III.
10-12
11.
302, 303, 314,
— :
RELIGION Religion (cont.)
Religion, Anatolian
Early Nilotic (Proto-Libyan and Predynastic Egyptian) influences on, I. 19; prototypes of labyrinth pattern and Minotaur on seals, I.
358, Fig. 260, opp. 359; Delta Goddess (or Buto) part source of Minoan
Wazet
Snake Goddess, I. 509, 510; Waz or sacred papyrus rod from same quarter, ib.\ Snake and papyrus stem, ib. and iv. 893 Nilotic types of figurines, Mesara and Knossos, I. 83, 84 (primitive tholos, Hagia Triada, Fig. 52), II. 31, IV. 984; cupped libation blocks of early Cretan Ossuaries and Temple ;
Tomb, Knossos,
" 44. 45> n.
RELIGION
[149]
III-
of late predynastic type,
978, 979-83. and see iv. 985
Egyptian (dynastic) influences on Hathor and Horus and Hathoric cow and symbols, :
in. high, iv.
Goddess, principal, manifold aspects of:
holds corn and poppy capsules as DemeterGaia, 11. 277, ill. 458; rises out of earth as
same, iii. 458 holds breasts as Mother Goddess, II. 236 (Fig. 133, 277); hunts stag as Artemis-Diktynna, 11. 277, IV. 577, 578; holds anchor or rides the waves in vessel as Mistress of the Sea (Isis Pelagia), 11. 249-5 1 boats of with hippocamp's head (as Amphitrite), iv. 950, 954; associated with ;
!
cymbal and
lions
as
Coloured
on Linear Class B (uraeus staff), IV. 685, 686; Early form of sistrum in Harvester scene, II. 47, 48; adorant Cynocephalus on sealings, I. 683, 684; reaction of Egyptian beliefs as to Underworld, ill.
154. 15s Anatolian and North Syrian influences (due to underlying ethnic connexions, but with
Chaldaean background) the most ancient, I. 6, IV. 935 n. 2; Cult of Double Axe (Lydian labrys), from that side, I. 6; Minoan tonsured boy-God and votive locks, illustrated by ritual in Carian Temple of Zeus Panamaros (otherwise Double- Axe God, Labraundos), IV. 478-83; Minoan Goddess and boy-God paralleled by divine pairs on Eastern side (Inanna (Ishtar) and Dumuzi (Thammuz), Astarte and Adonis, Kybele and Attis), but here simpler, filial relationship, ill. 468-76; primitive Cretan clay and stone images perhaps distantly related to those of Babylonian Mother Goddess,
I.
:
shown not only
figurines but by colossal statues: evidence of wooden statue 9 ft. high in Great East Hall, ill. 521-5 marble-like hand of statue c. 2 ft. 4 in. high, iii. 518, iv. 194;
by
;
Lady
chryselephantine figurine, PI.
XXVII,
iv.
of the Sports iv.
28-35 and
Frontispiece; holds
snakes as Mistress of the Underworld,
I.
Coloured PI. Frontispiece and 500-10, &c. (see too Snake Cult and Snake Room (cf. IV, §
—
quakes,
IV. 186,
originally domestic, Goddess as 92) 'house mother'', &c., iv. 159 seqq.); as infernal Goddess with power over Earth-
187
—adder mark
of,
taken
from native viper, iv. 182-5 (see under Adder mark) holds Double Axe, as Anatolian divinity, I. 435 (Amazonian aspect, 11. ;
277)
Youthful acolyte (perhaps the boy-God) giving courtly assistance to
Minoan God-
dess rising out of the ground as Perse-
phone-Gaia (both in fashionable costume on gold bead-seal from Thisbe), iii. 458 (Fig- 319)
Cult of Mother and Child
in,
akin to
throughout Mediterranean Christendom, 11. 277, 278; traditional site of Tomb of Zeus re-dedicated to that
still
existing
'Christ the Lord',
I. 154, 11. 278; adoration of Mother Goddess and Child by Chieftains
on Thisbe signet-ring, 11. 471 by Adoration of the Magi on Early Christian ring, ill. 474, 475 (Fig- 33°); Underlying Syro-Anatolian cult of Goddess and youthful divinity related in grosser form to old Cretan with
51
Iconic Cult advance in
or
607 (Fig. 597 a, c, e), 610, &c. (lions); male dress of arena (Libyan sheath, &c., but coupled with
Minoan
fluence
Minoan Rhea
472 (cymbal),
ill.
fashionable corset) as
Genii, iv. 43 1-41 ; Egyptian religious hieroglyphs taken over, i. 280; in-
15-!
193-7
509-15, II. 844 n. 6; Hippopotamus Goddess Ta-Urt (Reret) prototype of
I.
influences
limestone statuette of Snake Goddess
Kybele,
I
and North Syrian
{cont.)
gifts
(Fig. 328), 472; paralleled
:
RELIGION
RHYTONS
[ISO]
Religion, Anatolian
and North Syrian
influences
ful
278; St. Jerome's record that birth cave of Christ at Bethlehem was previously attriII.
buted to Adonis (Thammuz), ill. 476 Goddess performing rain-bringing ceremony standing before fruit-tree and pouring water into jar (Gold Signet, 451 (Fig. 376); parallel representation on clay seal impression from 'Area of Daemon Seals', Knossos, iv. 451 iv.
and
(Fig. 376 b); cf. too IV. 515
n. 3, 516,
517, 517 n. 3 Minoan anointing ceremonies in, iv. 937 ethical aspect of, 11. 279
on
cup, Hagia Triada,
11.
790-4
(Fig- 516)
matriarchal character of,
—— •
on Mainland,
I.
721,
orgiastic aspect of,
11.
11.
propagandist element purity of rites). III.
nude
ill.
House of High Priest at Kybele Libation;
;
456, 466
Mohammedan,
Rendle, Dr. A. B.,
70
n.
4
III6 remains of at Tylissos,
L.M. tombs at Knossos, 11. 174 n. 3, iv. loii Rethymnos, communications of with North
Resin, use of in 'incense burners' in
coast,
II.
232
— Venetian buildings — Minoan bead-seals
at, 11.
313 from, in. 316,
Network Rhadamanthys, i. 10, 11 n. i, in. 155 Rhaukos (H. Myros), erroneous identification of with Rokka (Kanli Kasteli), n. 74 n. 2 Rhea, Cretan, i. 6, 75, n. 48, 51, 334, in. 466 Reticulation, see
Cymbal, in. 472 compared with Cypriote Myrrha,
in. 473 connexion of with Kybele, n. 191 n. 4,
in. 472 on ring
from
Thisbe,
from Mycenae, n. 832; from
III.
471
on sealing from Knossos, n. 808
(Fig. 198), 520, 521 survival of in Greek religion. Professor
relationship
—
animal foster parents of divine children taken over from similar Minoan tradition,
— cypress grove Knossos, 334". — House Knossos, n. 334 of,
at
— and •
of, at
see
7,
11.
i
— pottery from, — and lalysos
of, 11.
iv. 165,
831 n.
i
295, 338
see
I.
li.
170 n. 4
10
Rhytons
439
and see Adder Mark; Axe, double,
n.
Kybele
Rhegion, coin-types Rhodes, i. 20
Rhjrtion,
475
344, n.
i.
I
Rhone, trade-route with Adriatic,
466 of, ill.
iv. 500,
523
Oriental
52 (Fig. 14)
Syrian connexions
977
935 n. 2
identified in Cyprus with Apollo of Amyklae, iii. 480 images of, in. 466, 477, 478, iv. 46
279-85
recrudescence of paganism in. Fetish Shrine of Re-occupation Period with grotesque natural concretions, 11. 342, 346
unity of,
L.M.
Reservoirs,
Shrine of Double Axes, reversion to crude
III.
11.
in, IV.
Ta-Urt
Reret, see
476
its
189
associated with lions, n. 831, 832; with
in, 11.
Martin Nilsson's views on
11.
'Saints' graves' in, iv.
Phrygian, mysteries
279, IV. 219, 220
(contrasted with
I.
;
Maltese, aniconic cults in,
841
clay female image (seated)
primitive type,
;
Niru Khani, warehouse at; Priests; Rhea; Sacrifice; Shrines; Snake Cult, and Snake Room Trees, sacred Votive offerings
tables;
65 n. I Resheph, Syrian Lightning-god, dress of,iv.4oi
—
steatite
male;
II.
domestic character of, iii. 347, 348 lustral ceremonies in, iv. 935, 936; stone fonts for lustral sprinkling, ib.; one of purple gypsum found near Room of the Throne, ill. 26 (Fig. 13), iv. 936; Holy water sprinkler {aspergillum) with sword symbols of spiritual and temporal dominion in Goddess's hand on L.M. I« bead-seal, 11. 792-4 (Fig. 5 17),< iv. 936, 937; on sherd, 11. 794, 795; officeij holding sprinkler and sword before 'young prince'
— '
Genius, Minoan; God, youthGoddess, Minoan; Knossos,
of; Altar;
(belonging to same ethnic stock),
Thisbe),
Minoan anointing ceremonies in {cont.)
Religion,
{cont.)
cult
origin
and development
of,
i.
170, n. 221-7
RHYTONS Rhytons
Rhytons, lion's-head
(cont.)
alabaster, in III.
form of lion's heads,
827-32,
199
from Inner Hall of Hall of the Double Axes at Knossos, iii. 346
bull-shaped,
I.
188-90,
of, 11.
of, 11.
11.
ill.
in.
11.
Porti,
Pseira,
11.
of, 11.
n. i,
11.
Little
11.
IV.
III.
11.
iv.
in.
n.
i
11.
Hittite
ware with L.M. lb patterns),
11.
538 n.
2,
764-7 (Figs.
747, 748) — from 206 — from Sumeria, 315 — represented on tomb of ra-senb,
Men-Kheper'-
207 n. i, 536, 746 of User-amon, 11. 535, 738 sign in Linear Script B, 11. 533, iv. 729 clay, see under Pottery faience, from Ashur, iv. 534, 535 11.
n.
L.M.
la,
— from Gournia, 705 — from Zakro, 234 — animal drinking from, 769 — held by Goddess on Triada, 769 — held by Minoan 11.
n.
11.
sealing
from Hagia
11.
at
Thebes,
jackal's-head, held
11.
Minoan
at
Thebes,
11.
iv.
534, 741
678
1. 337, 338, 385, 594, 595, n. 222IV. 265, 269 303. 7. a traditional form of flask throughout
ostrich-egg,
—
Egypt and N. Africa, n. 233, 333
— found in Shaft Graves Mycenae of egg-shell gold mounts, 594, 595-7, n. 234 — Polychrome imitation, in egg-shell ware at
still
I.
at
Knossos, M.M. II, I. 594, 595 (Fig. 436 a) Table showing evolution of Minoan rhyton types derived
—
— — from Mycenae,
i.
237, 594, 595,
11.
224,
of Rekhmara {c. 1450 B.C.), n. 226, 269 from near Candia, n. 231 n. 3 from Pseira, in. 90 silver (funnel-shaped), with Siege Scene, from Mycenae, 4th Shaft Grave, I. 302,
— —
—
308, 312, 314, 668, 698, 699, n. 178 n. 3, 344. 53°. 531. 536, 640 n. i, 753 n. i, in. 31, 83, 89-101, 163, IV. 301, 955 represented in Cup-bearer Fresco, n. 705
on tomb of User-amon, n. 738 i.
688-91
420,
— from Hagia Triada, with bull-sports and
on
boxing scenes, in. 35, 64, 90, 335, 498, 500 with Harvest rout, I. 19, 38, 84, 85,
tributaries
534, 741
by Minoan tributary on
tomb at Thebes, 11. 534, 738, 741, 746 lion's-head, (or lioness'), 11. 536, in. 4, 199 from Knossos (marble-like limestone).
—
419, 536
marble, from Crete, in. 199 obsidian, from Tylissos, n. 56 n. 6
steatite,
827 ibex head, held by
tomb
on tombs
on tomb of
Rekhmara, 11. 226 gold, from 4th Shaft Grave, Mycenae,
11.
— sign in Linear Script A,
Mycenaean
11.
tributary
Knossos,
420,
House
sealing
at
II.
.
II.
IV.
i
on
833, 833, IV. 727
II.
tomb
I
fresco,
Knossos,
265 pear-shaped, borne by Minoan tributaries on
705
11.
420,
IV.
—
filler-shaped (or funnel-),
11.
727
— from Mycenae, 4th Shaft Grave, 827 — represented on from N.E.
ill.
iv.
IV.
Delphi, from beneath adytum, of same form and marble-like material as that from Treasury of Central Sanctuary,
11.
of, 11.
Pseira,
— from
260
11.
— colouring 260 — Sumerian origin 259-65, — from Mesara, 260, 205 538, 654 — from Mochlos, 260, 205 — from 205 — from 260 bull's-head, chthonic import 538 — origin 538 — from Ain Tab, 538 658 — from Knossos, Palace, 262-3, 108, 408, 527-30, 820, 727 — — Royal Road, 531, 533 Tomb of the Double Axes, 236 — from Mycenae, Atreus Tomb, 195 4th Shaft Grave, 530, 531 — from Pontus, Eski Samsoun (Royal
{cont.)
Treasury of Central Sanctuary,
822, 827,
ii.
breccia,
IV.
RHYTONS
[iSi]
n. 47, 224, 279, 473,
III.
449,
IV.
318
— from Knossos, Palace, head, 363 408, 537-30, 830, 737 — fragment, from near Royal Road, n. 531, Little
II.
533
n. 3,
bull's
III.
108, IV.
—
1
RHYTONS
from Room of the Throne, with octopus, II.
224, 502, IV. 276, 277, 930 with boxers, 11. 615 n. 2
from Sta Hellenika,
iv. 600 with sacral horns, iv. 201 with altar and fig-tree grove, 11. 614 with ecstatic devotee, ill. 69 with bull dragged to altar, ill. 184 with men with offertory bowls,
139. 140,
11.
of
quatrefoil inlays,
Iii.
Double Axes, with 195 n.
—
Spelio,
11.
fragment
556 with incisions for
of,
from 'Atreus' Tomb, from Mycenae,
235 (Fig. 180); restoration (Fig. 181)
IV.
(cf. III.
195 n.
— from Sumeria, — from Erech,
i) IV.
315
264 in L.M. II ceramic ornament, iv. 345 mouthpiece of from Ashur, iv. 779, 780 Richmond, Sir William, on reliefs from Knossos, 11.
783 n. 2, III. 498, 506 Ridgeway, Sir William, on Minos, I. ii n. i against use of 'Minoan', I. 13 n. i on gold currency rings from Mycenae, II.
665 n.
IV.
I
non-existent
Riding,
in
Minoan
Crete,
iv.
830
— evidence of Crete, 375 — introduction of Greece, 830 4 — misunderstood in L.M. IIIc (proto-geometriceramic ornament, 375 — references Homer, 830, 83 in
earliest
iv.
in
iv.
iv.
cal)
to in
iv.
Rifeh, alabaster figure vase II.
256
n.
n. I,
257
from cemetery
at,
hoop
as
Minoan,
510 n. 3 Ring-snake (or grass snake), found
at
iv.
Knossos,
148 Ritual, see Religion IV.
from,
Rivers of Paradise, n.
55 n. 5
I.
iii.
147
on halberds from Calvatone,
Rivets,
i
from near Candia, 11. 231 n. 3 (marble-like) from Central Sanctuary, Knossos, in form of lion's and lioness's heads, 11. 827-32 (Figs. 542-4); remarkable discovery of snout of similar, in same material, from Delphi, beneath oBvtov of Apollo's sanctuary, with votive Double Axes, II. 832-4 (Fig. 549), IV. 727 Harbour Town, 11. 238
stone,
Mavro
IV. 510, 511 (Fig. 454)) Chinese type of bezels of
set at right angles to
Rivaltella, shells
Tomb
inlays
and
— Anglo-Saxon,
from N. Border of S. Propylaeum, with 11. 702 from N.E. area, with superposed pillars, 64 from
Minoan
type with bezel at right angles to hoop from tubular bead-type and pendant seal see iii.
bull relief,
— Breccia
Rims, flattened, of vessels from Spring House of Caravanserai, 11. 134, 135 n. 2 'Ring of Minos', see Signet-rings 'Ring of Nestor', see Signet-rings Rings, see Signet rings (for evolution of
752
III.
ROADS
[IS2]
Rhjrtons, steatite, fragment {cont.)
11.
172
I
conical, conical,
conical,
from Ireland, 11. 173 n. 2 from Mycenae, 11. 172 from N.E. Europe, 11. 173
from Spain, gold-plated, on
— 301 — imitated
170 n. 2 rhyton from Mycenae,
11.
silver
II.
in ceramic ornament,
11.
175, iv.
277, 301
Roads, Minoan, iv. 793 defence of, 11. 78 structure of,
11.
71, 92, 576
'Great South Road' from Knossos,
11. 24, 61, 62, 66, 68, 71, 73, 74, 76-80, 89, 91, 99, i5o> 154. 15s. 226, 684, IV. 6, 203, 996
paved section
of,
passing
Temple Tomb,
IV.
996 South- Western,
Eastern,
11.
76, 77, 81
11.
99
from Theatral Area
to
Little
Palace
('Royal Road'),
11.
155, 514, 533, 572, seqq.
over Viaduct,
11.
98, 99
on right bank of Kairatos, 11. 553 North of bridge, 11. 151, 152 from Bridge to S. Porch, 11. 61 et
seqq.,
363 to Entrance,
11.
152, 155
Harbour Town,
11.
153, 154, 230
near Villa Ariadne,
11.
154
to
to
S.W. Angle,
to
W.
11.
Entrance,
165
11.
165
from N.W., 11. 572-87 near House of High Priest, iv. 203 State approach
ROADS
Rocks
(cont.)
from Kritsa
and Mirabello, n.
to Malles
6311.5
to
Arkhanes,
to
summit
Niru Khani,
— — to N. Coast,
IV.
11.
above 5th Shaft Grave
at
Mycenae,
11.
II.
Knossos, II. 466 Rod, metal, used for support of ceremonial
63, 68, 78
552 280 n. 2
West
Mount
of
Ida,
11.
232
axes, II. 274 Rodenwaldt, Dr. G., on frescoes from Mycenae,
445 n.
I.
to Siteia,
11.
I, II.
near Little Palace at KLnossos,
11.
85, IV. 87s n.
i
304, 305, iv. 243 n.i,
iii.
576
from Knossos, ill. 83 n. 3 on influence of inlay on fresco painting,
I,
11.
III.
599,
from Tiryns,
78
570 to port of Lebena,
style,
277, 278
Rock-rose (Cistus), suggested representation of on panel from House of the Frescoes at
66
11.
via Tylissos to
517 n.
(cont.)
stela
252 Rock-canopy motive in L.M. lb marine
64, 68
11.
of Juktas,
over Lasithi range,
— Roman,
— on
IV.
from Mycenae, iv. 60 from Pedeada, 11. 78
to
ROOF-DRAINAGE
[iS3]
Roads, Minoan
84
'Road of Hercules', foUovsfs trade-route, 11. 170 Road, Royal, through Asia Minor, I. 14 Robert, Prof., on picture of Odysseus in Hades by Polygnotos, III. 156 n. 6 Rocca ('Po/ca, Castle of Kanli Kasteli), 11. 74; probably site of Lykastos, ib. folk tale connected with, 11. 74 n. 2 Rock-carving, Hittite, at Boghaz Keui, 11. 275, 276
—
IV.
576
on Egyptian influence on stucco floor at Mycenae, iv. 895 n. i on Hagia Triada sarcophagus, i. 439 n. i Rogdhea, green schist quarries at, iv. 992 Rohde, Dr., on eschara, iv. 144 n. 6 Rohlfs, Dr. Gerhard, on ostrich-egg vessel from Soudan,
11.
223 n. 2
Roller, blue bird
on fresco from House of the
— Libyan, Atlas region, 51 Frescoes Kjiossos, — known Maraviglie, Col Tenda, Ligu- Rolleston, Sir Humphry, on 454 of Minoan 170-2 metal 2 448 — Oreo Feglino near Finalborgo, 170 4 Roman de Rou, 454 Rocks, popularity of Minoan Romans, occupation of Knossos by, 432 453 — representation Rome, bull-sports 229 313, 314, 955 — Ancilia of — marine compared with Minoan 8453 — in from Knossos, shaped 52 25) 453 — on — Casa Romuli, connexion of with hut 895 597, 608 from Knossos, Saffron-gatherer, 131 452 — Curia Saliorum, described hut, 131 Cup-bearer, 706 — Esquiline, hut Procession Frescoes, on, 131 452, 728, — Fiats 616 171 — Forum, pavement games Partridge 452 395 — household snake-cult House of the Frescoes, 152 447, 448, — sprinkler Minoan 450. 452-54 in
at
11.
as
effect
n.
belt, ill.
ria, II.
at
n.
11.
in
of,
in
ii.
di
pieces,
11.
iv. 16,
I.
at, iii.
Salii
11.
faience,
frescoes,
iv.
art, 11.
shields,
11.
(Fig.
11.
n. i, iv.
i.
circles,
11.
II.
as
11.
circles
iii.
11.
ruminalis, cult of,
Frieze,
in, ill.
from Mycenae, 11. 730 from Phylakopi, 11. 453 metal, on dagger of Queen Aah-hotep,
II-
(Aspergillum), like
used by Pontifices
1, 11.
iv.
865
loi, iv. 277, 278, 358
seals, iv.
religious subjects,
793, 794 and Fig.
— Temple of Vesta, — Tugurium
131
11.
131 Roofs, conical, of huts on bead-seals from Crete,
453
from Mycenae, 11. 730 on hilt-plate from Zafer Papoura,
at, 11.
518
Faustuli,
—— — on pottery, L.M. — on 488 — on signets with
i
in, iv.
lustral
in
n.
11.
11.
II.
—
11.
11.
II.
11.
131
— of hut-urn from Phaestos, — — from Sweden, 133
11.
133
11.
iii.
137
Roof-drainage,
M.M.
II,
i.
228, 230
:
ROOF-DRAINAGE Roof-drainage
ment,
i.
at
Egyptian
derivation of,
on
late
(proto-dynastic),
Predynastic alabaster
from Knossos, 11. 124 on pottery, M.M. Ill, 11. 418 from House of the Chancel Screen
gallipot
—
II.
on
I.
N.W.
333 Rope moulding,
Minoan
Rosette and spiral, in
{cont.)
— on houses in Town Mosaic, 305 — in Room of the Plaster Couch Knossos,
Knossos,
ROWERS
[154]
at
—
sculptural orna-
IV.
25 ceiUng from
Corner Sanctuary
Insula at Knossos,
iii.
in
30
on frieze, M.M. Wlb, from Hall of the Double Axes, iii. 324 L.M. la, in Bathroom of Queen's Megaron, iii. 381 -on limestone slab from S.W. Angle, 11. 256
395
from Tylissos, 11. 71 from Visala, 11. 71 from larnax from Pyrgos, L.M.
in fresco
la,
"• 75
from Knossos,
iii.
310, 324,
372, IV. 877 from Tiryns, in. 372 Rosette and triglyph friezes
_
pithoi,
I.
332,
IV. 634, 638, 639,
Roselle,
Mr. Walter
Roses, wild, not
II.
298, 299 n. 2, 418,
A.,
11.
260 n. 5 near Knossos,
now found
I.
chalice
from Temple Reposi-
499
on fresco from House of the Frescoes,
11.
454 in gold, I.
on E.M.
II, pins
origin of,
11.
of, 11. 595, 596, iv. 223, 227, 228 607, 608, iv. 210
11. 595 connexion of with incurved altar-bases, 595. 607, IV. 210
N.W.
Angle,
IV.
225
W.
— use M.M. — faience E.M. — on 721, 725 — in fresco and painted architectural
of,
inlays of,
dresses,
II, iv.
I.
I.
11.
97,
940 iv.
L.M.
la,
II.
II.
— in stone, — on
11.
III.
sealing,
n. 3,
IV.
221
—
L.M. II, IV. 227 Rossbach, Dr. O., on agate bead from Orvieto, 465 n. 1,466
Rowe, Mr. Allen,
333 1006
combined with double
224
iv.
sion Fresco, 11. 729 (Fig. 456 a), 731 on gold signet-ring from Tiryns, iv. 228, 461 on pottery, M.M. Ha, 11. 697
IV.
369 iv.
26, IV.
iv.
11.
suggestion of on robe of Goddess in Proces-
Ill, iv. 91 216, IV. 132, 133
II, IV. 301, 339, 341, 342, 353, 358,
Ill, IV.
n. 2, iv.
11. 592, 604, Rosette and triglyph motive:
373, 380, 386, 418, 497,
'Mycenaean',
596,
iv.
11.
360, 369
L.M.
11.
208 n. 2 on Miniature Fresco,
310, 311, IV. 264
L.M.
n. 3,
III.
from Mycenae, I. 452, 482, 483 from Tylissos, i. 482 II«,
225
123
11.
I.
M.M.
11.
i.
— from Egypt, 92 — — from Knossos, 452, 471-3, 481 — on pottery, E.M.
IV.
— from Mycenae, 591 594, 595, 223 695, — from Tiryns, 595 227 painted, 164, 224, 877 — from Knossos, 480, 604, 704, — from Mycenae, 697, 227 — from Orchomenos, 592, 594, 599 11.
310, 592 n. 4,
26, 530
in inlaying,
591, 696, 697,
222, 223
IV.
940
reliefs, 11.
IV. 92, 227, 339, 877,
II.
IV.
11.
347
11.
— in gold work,
Court,
Caravanserai,
Ill,
356
11.
S.W. Porch,
874
E.M. III, I. 112 M.M., I. 473
11.
590, 605, iv. 223 S. Propylaeum, 11. 162, 163, 591, 696,
97 IV. 92,
11.
sculptured, iv. 223, 225, 877
— from Knossos, 4th Magazine,
from Mochlos,
Rosette patterns, in Crete and Egypt,
614
696, IV. 222,
classical analogies with,
on faience
—
11.
Mainland use II.
465 tory,
general use of for entrances, 223, 225
643
discoveries
at
Beisan,
IV;
n. 2
axe, iv.
417 Rowers, on E.M. steatite Knossos, IV. 520
bead-seal
from
;
RUBBLE Rubble, use of in Minoan building, 7.03,760,1V.
Rudder sign, 714 Rudders,
SALUSTROS
[iS5] ii.
11.
247,
IV.
681,
seal-stones,
11.
;
painted ceilings,
206 Runnels, parabolic, by open 11.
stairs ascending East Bastion, iii. 236-44 (Figs. 169, 170); of M.M. IlJb date, iii. 244; extraordinary
anticipation of hydraulic science,
627 i.
496,
— drain 497 private chapel of House of the High 211 — on and 568 — on sarcophagus from Hagia Triada, in. 69
iii.
Priest, IV.
sealings, iv.
seals
Saffron, as colour for dresses in the Ancient
—
World,
718
IV.
cultivation of, in Cilicia, iv. 720
in Crete,
— in Minoan
•
—
i.
265, iv. 718-21 718 n. 2
art, iv.
from Temple Repository
flowers, faience,
Knossos,
242,
I.
at
499
on faience votive robes from Temple
243
by open stepway
Domestic Quarter,
S. of
Repositories,
on
245
by E. steps of Theatral Area,
M.M.
dated to
Ilia,
iii.
— pottery from,
ill.
at, 11.
IV.
of, II. 169 n. 2 Rushes, on fresco from House of the Frescoes,
464
Russia, ritual transportation of ashes in, iv. 152 S.E. painted cinerary urns from, 11. 428
— — South, Neolithic pottery
of, 11.
506, iv. 718
I.
M.M.
III,
II,
I.
256
I.
60s sign, in Hieroglyphic Script A,
80
11. 80 Rusas, King of Armenia, cuneiform inscription
pottery,
M.M.
248-51
251
Ruphas, Minoan guard station
II.
I.
Repository, Knossos,
for, in
on E.M. IIU,
fixed,
242 on primitive ships, 11. 240 on pyxis from Messenian Pylos, ii. 247 Rugs, probable influence of on Egyptian
III.
W. Temple
in
in Linear Script B,
Psychro Cave,
Sacrifices, evidences of in
353, 690,
I.
1.
280, 281,
680
on Chariot Tablets,
iv.
668
M.M.
II,
from Knossos,
— Gatherer,
fresco of,
I. 265, 266, 530 n. I, 604, II. 317 n. 2, 354, 452, 469, 728, III, 21, 22, IV. 718, 895 Sahara, Neolithic settlements in, 11. 49, 222
Sahure,
Temple
reliefs
4
Sails, early
of, 11.
56
bowl from,
alabaster
from,
11.
I.
85
35 n. 3
use of in Crete,
11.
242
— invented by — Egyptian and Minoan, embroidered,
Isis Pelagia, 11.
traditionally
S curves,
M.M.
II,
I.
243,
11.
St.
195
Andreas, Siphnos, fortifications
at,
1
.
11.
252 206
156 n.
2,
— M.M. 256 78 — Mycenaean, 195 85 — Maltese, 185 552 — on of tomb of Amenemhet on Cretan 153 — Island Thebes, 86 205, 733 — on gold from Mycenae, W. 242 Meskinia, Phanourios, church of 251 — on ivory from Kakovatos, 2 Sava, church 242 83 — on E.M. 2 Titus, church of Candia, 258 314: and Ill, IV.
11.
III. 6, IV.
11.
St. Cyril, village of,
11.
184,
St. Elias, village of,
11.
scribe
ceiling
n.
11.
at
iv.
pottery,
Ill,
II.
Sub-Minoan,
11.
— on
I, II.
n.
11.
St. St.
at
Sais,
133
11.
199
184
11.
11.
n. 3
of, 11.
see
11.
Hagia, Hagios
II, II. 184,
Egyptian,
n.
183
— on seals and sealings, E.M., M.M. M.M.
in
St.
disks
II,
liars, I.
of, 11. 84,
plates
M.M.
St. Paul,
i
202
199, 207 n.
worship of Neith
at, 11. 23,
48
Sakje Geuze, relief with lion hunt from, iv. 815 Salamis, coins of, 11. 53 n. 2
— Cyprus, Enkomi 52 — on see
4
stela from Mycenae, iv. 252 8 barred, sign used to countersign sealing, IV. 618 Sa, protective symbol of goddess Ta-Urt, 11. 259
Salii, ancilia of, 11.
curia of,
Salustros,
Palatine,
Kyrios
11.
131 n.
Manolis,
Minoanpottery by, 11.215 339 n. 4. 342 nn. i and 2
i
restorations
of
n. i,iv. 132 n.2,
,
SAMAS Samas, Babylonian sun-God, Samson, iv. 476
iv.
47
Saw sign, in Linear
n. 5
IV.
worn by Minoan tributary on tomb of Rekhmara, 11. 728 Sanitation, Minoan, advanced character of, I. 2, III. 387: and see under Kiiossos, Drains Santorin Island, see Thera Sappho, Ode to Aphrodite, iv. 412 n. 2
Sandal,
Saqqara, pottery from,
497, 750, iv. 271 Saracens, foundation of Candia by, 11. 231 Sarakina, East Crete, green steatite from, iv. 232 Sarcophagi, see Burials
Sard, bead-seals of,
587, 815, 816
— — copper ingots from, 624 — pottery of Cretan Neolithic type from,
n.
from Avdu,
I.
i.
perhaps represented in siege scene on of Anta, in. 102 n. 3 Saturnia, halberd blade from, 11. 172 n. i Saturnus Balcarensis, on Punic monuments, 11.
tomb
in
iv.
iv. 658,
IV.
:
iv. 659 and Fig. 646 (strangely interpreted as 'Zeus holding
steward holding scales,
the scales of destiny', ib.n. 2) 11. 170 hut-urns from, n. 132
— —
a?id see Scania,
Sweden
Scania, hut-urns from, n. 132 n. 4 Scarab, see Beetle, Seal
— Minoan use of on gypsum,
11.
1
16 n.
n- 3. 533. 770-9. i
and
see
Throne and
iv.
530
782-4
on Lapp troll-drums, in. 315 brown, M.M. la, ceremonial axe of from Palace at MaUia, 11. 270-4, 794, iv.
Scheffer, Johann,
11.
632
buildings
416, 417, 845
— green, quarries
of, at
Rogdhea,
iv.
992
Spinalunga, n. 670 slabs of, used under painted stucco in at
at
Knossos,
M.M. III—L.M.
;
11.
632, iv. 798
629, 632, 672 from Neolithic sites in Sahara, n. 222 n. 5 11.
688:
Schist,
671 at Mycenae, 11. 671 bronze, from Hagia Triada,
from Knossos,
687,
Minet-el-Beida and Ras-Shamra,
47 n. 4
on liparite, 11. 671 on obsidian, 11. 671 on stone, 11. 671 Ill
IV.
Sceptre sign Schaeffer, Prof. Claude F.-A., discoveries of at
672
M.M.
iv.
libation
tablets
in. 69
Saws, invention of ascribed to Tal6s, 11.
—
early
at
168
Savignoni, Dr. L., on steatite cup,
in
souls,
in.
at
of,
temple of Ashtoreth
— ecstasy of on joining Prophets,
II.
661
for
191
11.
armour of hung iv.
734
Sceptre sign in Linear Script B, Egyptian origin
3911.5
Beth-Shan,
11.
Scandinavia, halberds from,
15
Sati,
— African sky god,
313
IV.
47 I.
i.
— gold, weighing of from 3rd Shaft Grave Mycenae, 661 151, — on inscribed bowls, 656, 657 — on inscribed of Class A, of Class B, 660, 661 — on Cypro-Minoan krater charioteer with
274
9, 10, iv.
731
from Knossos,
L.M. III6 bronze, from Chamber Tomb at Mavro Spelio, n. 556,
21
42s conquest of Amurru by, 11. 264 relief of, symmetrical lions on sword
Sarpedon,
11.
II,
by,
768
312,313,11.731; represent rocky landscape,
the Procession,
IV.
Sarzec, Monsieur de,
M.M.
inlays,
iv.
Scales (or balance),
822, 823
iv.
ram obtained
Scale-patterns in embroidery,
— in faience
i
from Gela, iv. 536 from Mycenae, ill. 125, IV. 514 from Vapheio, in. 116, iv. 418, 544, 820 Sargon of Akkad, influence of in Mediterranean,
11.
inscribed votive clay
from Eski Samsoun (Amisos),
— in fresco fragments from beneath Corridor of
11.
sheath,
15 n. 3, II. 259 n. 4 on Hittite script on silver boss of Tarkondemos, iv. 713 n. 2 on source of silver, 11. 169 n. 2 I.
I.
Nuraghe of, I. 106, 11. 181 bone stud from rock-grave in, 11. 170
Sardinia,
Sardonjrx, seals of,
on Chariot Tablets,
797
Sayce, Prof., on date of Cappadocian sealing,
11.
iv.
Script B, iv. 797
as carpenter's sign
Sanctuary, see Shrine
Saul,
SCHIST
[is6]
I
houses, n. 683
M.M. Ill and 360 n. 2; at Anemomylia, 11. Knossos, n. 670, 684, 690, 692, 812,
used for paving in
•
L.M.
I, III.
255 at ;
SCHLIEMANN IV.
SCRIPT
[iS7]
992 (Temple
Tomb
pavement of upper
173 n.
decoration,
11.
IV.
439 n.
and analysed (A.E.;: in unknovifn script, by
classified
discovery of tablets
— glyptic
and
—
of this class)
— clay
later forms,
pictographic groups
on
seen
M.M.
la,
195,
I.
(cf. I.
first
239, 240), as current in
196 (Fig.
143); at
seal impressions
pre-Palatial
latest
— associated
deposits
(M.M. la polychrome 146 (Fig. 107) from Early Pillar Basement (earliest stratum), I. 196 (Fig. 144); from Vat Room Deposit, I. 168
style),
1
1.
276 (Fig. 206); 277 (Fig. in-
IV.
Palaikastro,
potter's
sumably containing name and
Minoan
19 d) (with earliest
M.M. la poly-
chromy)
;
on smalljugs fromPro-
dromos Botsano, E. Crete, 1. 639 (Fig. 474 b, c, d); from M.M. la tholos, Krasi, iv. 676, n. 3 from Niru Khani also in M.M'. la relation, ib. from Palace of Mallia, ib. on archaic black steatite seal-stone presenting signs that occur later in the Conven;
;
tional Linear Class A,
475) — sign-group
on
M.M.
I.
639, 640 (Fig.
la triangular bead-
titles
prince, with 'cat' badge,
I.
of
277
;
portrait head, 1.271,272 (Fig. 201 a),
276
(Fig. 206)
—
later survival of hieroglyphic signs as talis-
—
manic types on seal-stones, I. 673 (illustrated by 'lion's mask,' ib., Fig. 492) clay documents of this Class found with sealings in Hieroglyphic Deposit (bars, labels,
and oblong
tablets),
I.
278 (Fig.
209) seqq. linearized versions
— on these signs of glyptic 210) 279 — clay from Phaestos, 278 209) — boustrophedon arrangement of 280 — + and X marking beginning and end of sign-groups, 280 — system of numeration, 279 211, class,
by graffito signs and signgroups of 'primitive linear' character on
also represented
(Fig. 47412)
I.
(Fig. 207 a, 278) similar official signgroups found on seal impressions from Hieroglyphic Deposit associated with
;
M.M. la pithos, 'Oval House', Chamaezi,
—
I.
— signet -type from E. Crete with scription of Class B, 488 — on cachet from 242 — inscribed prism, red cornelian pre-
from
with Dove Vase
639
(F'gs. 204, 205,
275-7
207)
281, iv. 700, 716
I.
seal-stones,
Knossos seen in
1.
I.
impressions presenting similar
seal
sign-groups,
— conventionalized outgrowth of preceding
—
character on
207)
A:
Hieroglyphic
(Fig.
more advanced
now
mostly of crystalline rocks and other hard materials, I. 274 prism seals, signets (and other seal types
Knossos, in time of Nero, iv. 672-4 and ideographic signs subsist in
earlier
:
class of
seal,
Agesilaos, iv. 672 at
bis)
silver
3
Minoan:
pictorial
50 (Fig. 23
199 (Fig. 147) Hieroglyphic B bead-seals
332 n. I Scorpions on E.M. Ill seals, I. 120, 123 n. 4 'Scorpion' King, stone mace of, 11. 26 Scotland, staircases in brochs in, I. 106 Scott Fitz, Mrs. W., donor of figure of Minoan Snake Goddess to Boston Museum, iii.
11.
from Diktaean Cave, Psychro, placed, from high-spouted Vase, in Class A, I.
184 n. 2
Schweinfurth, Dr., on amphora from Argos,
Script,
chisel-bladed arrow,
— sign-group on 12th Dyn. amethyst scarab
I
Schuchhardt, Prof., on ostrich-egg vessels from the Soudan, 11. 223 n. 2 on relation between Minoan and Maltese
{cant.)
from Mallia, including bow with
seal
Schliemann, Dr., on objects from Mycenae, 11. 420 n. 2, 602, 788, III. 126 n. I, IV. 231 Schmidt, Dr. Hubert, on halberds, 11. 172 n. 4,
A
Script, Hieroglyphic
terrace, &c.)
i.
(Fig.
tablet
(Fig.
I.
inscriptions,
I.
I.
(Fig.
I.
—
•
Table), 280
hieroglyphic signary of Class B,
I.
282
(Fig. 214)
— Egyptian
parallels to certain signs,
(Fig. 212, Table), 281
i.
280
— system on the whole independent of Egypt, but some direct borrowings,
I.
281
;
SCRIPT
SCRIPT
[158]
B
Script, Hieroglyphic
— hieroglyphs
Script, Linear Class
(cont.)
281-5
(oil
contemporary production and
trade, olive spray
and
vessel, repetition
culture,
epitome
I.
ship
of
saffron,
sign,
bee,
perhaps
M.M.
II probable
glyphic Deposits there,
— hieroglyphic
deposit
I.
at
term of Hierolargely II),
266, IV. 676 and n. 3'
clay bars from Mallia Deposit 'horned head-piece' and other signs of the Linear Class A, to be referred to early phase of M.M. Ill, iv. 688, 689
with
(Figs. 671,672)
disuse of Hieroglyphic script at
M.M.
close of
class
Ill,
I.
usage
still
lin-
641 and Compara-
shown by
ability
644
— signs of ideographic aspect, Nos. 79-90
—
of
642 (Fig. 476), and supplementary series, iv. 678 (Fig; 661) numeration, i. 644-6 and Table, Fig. 479 compared with the Hieroglyphic system, compared with that of Class I. 644, 645 B, IV. 691, decimal system used, ib. signary of Linear Class A (90), i. 641, 643 i.
;
—
(Fig. 476),
and see
iv.
and supplementary
676, 677 (Fig. 659), lists, iv.
678 (Figs.
660, 661)
— general disappearance of engraved from
— prevalent from M.M. Ilia to close of L.M. lb, IV. 675,
— characterized
— —
seal-stones,
i.
676
by groups of composite 465 (Fig. 478), iv. 679 (Fig. 662) signs differentiated by bars, I. 644 signs,
1.
and dedicatory character of a numerous early series of inscriptions
religious
plate
—
and clay
438-40,
figurines),
i.
613 seqq,
11.
656, 657 inscriptions of quasi-monumental aspect IV.
cut on shallow cupped stone vessels for
on bowl of basic rock and N. of Palace site, Knossos, IV. 656 (Fig. 641); on threecupped slab of libation table of black steatite from offertory deposit Diktaean Cave (Psychro), i. 626-30 (Figs. 465-7); on steatite libation table from Cave, Palaikastro, I. 630 (Fig. 468); on steatite libation bowl with high base, Petsofa, IV. 657 (Fig. 643); libation table of banded limestone with stepped base. House of libations:
of most signs to stand in solitary position,
Table,
67s
bowls, cups, and ladles, on votive bronze
Table 643, Fig. 477
— ideographic I.
later class (B),
earlier
i.
its
earized hieroglyphs,
I.
of this class (on libation tables, offertory
— substituted hieroglyphic in phase of M.M. 612, 613, 641 — about a third of signs derived from tive
large area,
A:
for
(pur-
— emergence of Script A systematized, over 641 — wider diffusion in Crete than
612, 613
I.
A
chased at Athens, of supposed Cretan provenance), I. 639, 640 (Fig. 475)
II (inscribed seal-stones
practically cease),
Linear Class
appearance, engraved with
of archaic
IV.
— inscribed
— abrupt
557 (Fig. 352)
fully
272 Mallia
Knossos (M.M.
parallel to that of I.
11.
irregular seal-stone of black steatite
three characters of Linear Class
catastrophe of Knossian Palace at
end of
{cont.)
Spelio, Knossos,
— early
Silphium)
— great
A
round bezel from Chamber Tomb, Mavro
of
script
679; clay sealings,
used instead for graffiti, ib. exceptional Linear Class A inscription on steatite amygdaloid from Little Palace, i. 669, 670 (Fig. 490), and gold signet-ring with ;
archaic aspect, found
Frescoes,
11.
— inscribed grey ment), — inscribed
456, 459 (Fig. 256)
spouted cup
steatite
(frag-
631 (Fig. 469) cylindrical vessel of black steatite
Palaikastro,
I.
from Apodoulou, IV. 656 657 and n. 3, with inset
(for libation)
(Fig. 642),
— votive
ladle-shaped
vessels
(limestone)
from Juktas with traces of signs, I. 624; from TruUos (Arkhanes) with 23 signs, IV.
625, 626 (Figs. 462, 465)
As pointed out by Monsieur Fernand Chapouthier, Les ecritures Minoennes au Palais de Mallia, p. 7, the presence of inscribed clay roundels like those of the Temple Repositories at Knossos is also a late characteristic showing overlap into M.M. III. clay bar, too, shows characteristic signs of Linear Class
A (see iv.
A
688, 689).
;
SCRIPT
SCRIPT
[159]
Script, Linear Class
A
— recurrence of formula B T T /
I
on votive
groups (Diktaean Libation Table, and TruUos 'ladle', that from H. of Frescoes Knossos, and perhaps that of Palaikastro),
name
possibly actual reference to divine title,
630, 631;
I.
substituted for
Hagia Triada,
— on
first
of group,
631 (Fig.
I.
Table formula followed by sacred
mask
sign,
— recurring vessels
11.
(from
Apodoulou) IV.
sign
;
(
Knossos,
two
inscriptions,
from
and
—
sanctuary
above S.E. Pillar Crypt, Knossos, I. 588 (Fig. 431), 613-16 (Figs. 450-2) signs of Class A (perhaps name of votary) on bronze votive tablet with sacred trees and scene of offering from Diktaean
Cave (Psychro),
— clay
I.
632-4
A (probably name
Tylissos,
I.
of votary)
769 (Figs. 749,
—
I. 616, 617 (Fig. 453). See, 572 (Fig. 416) on fragment of stone jar, S.E. Rub-
A
b),
Gour-
i.
I. 676, 676, 688, 689 (Fig. 671) (show-
graffito
characters
type, N.E. House,
11.
of
419, 420
(Fig. 242)
A (L.M. I a, b) from Hagia Triada, in buildings outside the
later tablets of Class
i.
619,
;
and Figs. 145^,6, i46(cf. tooi.615, 616); vessels
117; two characters of it recurrent on pithos rim of Magazine,
with
superscriptions,
iv.
733
(Fig. 717); illustrations of industry and commerce (ships, olives and various
I.
loom, talent, 680 abnormal tablet with rounded ends from Papoura on borders of Lasithi (shows 'balance-sign'), iv. 660 evidence of survival of Class A (outside Knossos) to close of L.M. lb, iv. 680 trees, saffron,
ih.
442 (Fig. 259, Table)
456,
658 (Figs. 644, 645) with male and female figures showing axe-like a/ppendages accompanied by prow-sign and the female type holding anchor, 11. 248, 249,
I.
;
621 (Fig. 457 a,
IV.
jar,
ground and orange on pale buff) in large characters on stucco wall-facing. House of Frescoes, II. 440-2 (Figs. 257, 258) signs compared with typical Linear Class A,
I.
Knossos, Temple
Palace, iv. 680; balance sign on,
to contents),
Phaestos,
I.
sealing with
early
11.
— painted inscriptions (sepia on rosy ochre-
a, b, c),
ing 'horned-helmet' sign)
— clay
Basement, Knossos (perhaps referring
bish heap,
types of tablets, square or ob-
Knossos (Temple Repository and
Mallia,
— signs incised on fragment of clay sarcophagus Crete, 841 — inscription on M.M. III6 S.W. too,
A—early
Repositories,
750)
graffito
group on indigenous fabric from Thera Santorin, ib. and n. 2, iv. 715 clay documents with inscriptions of Class
nia (also Mallia) bars, Palaikastro,
Samsoun) with signs, resembling Minoan Linear Class A, written boiistrophidon,
name on Knossian
(with seal impressions on edges),
from
634 (Fig. 472)
(/flr«a»),Trypeti, S.
in Aegean area on base of Melian
637, and inset, iv. 715 (recur,
I.
457 (Fig. 456
(Figs. 470, 471) two signs of
— on votive terra-cottaramfromAmisos(Eski Hittite fashion, iv. 768,
signs
S.E. Corridor), 1. 496, 617, 618, 619 (Figs. 454) 4SS)i Phaestos (Fig. 480 a, b) (with Disk), I. 647, 648 (Fig. 480), roundels
figure inscribed with
Class
graffito
long,
floor
—
557
tablets of Class B); imperfect graffito
cups (M.M. Ilia), with ink-
written
11.
769, 770 (Fig. 490)
libation
Petsofa,
deposit
Spelio,
— early diffusion of Class A probably as personal
significant of ritual pouring,
a, b)
Ill
appearance of sign-group of Linear Class A on amygdaloid seal-stone of green steatite from Little Palace, I.
lion's
656, 658
— offertory
M.M.
— exceptional
bowl,
on
j
637 (Fig. 423
(Fig. 352)
439 (Fig. 256, 9)
'drop'
i.
from
gold ring
Chamber Tomb, Mavro
II.
House of Frescoes Libation
469); on
{cant.)
— graffito inscriptions on stucco wall-facing,
458, 459; on steatite cup, Palaikastro, double-axe sign or
A
Script, Linear Class
{cont.)
— —
metal vases),
barn-sign,
iv.
;
SCRIPT
SCRIPT
[i6o]
Script (cont.)
— appearance
at
Knossos of more advanced
B
:
discovery of hoards of
Campaign, 668, 669; mostly stored in upper
clay tablets
chambers,
on Palace
IV.
in 1900
parallel
tablets:
probably mostly sun-baked, easily destroyed by rain, preservation being result of conflagration, iv. 669, 670, 673 prevalence of elongated 'slip' type, 674 (Fig. ;
657); tablets of abnormal dimensions, 703, 800
IV. 699,
— existence of
earlier, wrell-baked class
;
but
good example head rhytons and
represented:
sparsely
tablet shovying lion's
cup of 'Vapheio' type (imperfect, short oblong with sharply cut angles), iv. 729, disks, to secure packages, with
graffito inscriptions,
Colonnades,
from Hall of the
iv.
597 tablets originally contained in cists and boxes remains of wooden chests found with Granary and Chariot Tablets, iv. 668 (with bronze loop handles and hinges of lids); 'Adze' tablets, with remains of chest, fallen
in original order in
— progressive reduction alphabetic tems — Hieroglyphic, Linear B. 73 — disappearance of
— evidences times:
c.
150; Linear A.
682
A
signs,
683 (Fig. 663)
confined to tablet
first
696
B
series of typical
signs, IV. 683 (Fig. 664)
— general absence of 683 — phonetic and ideographic, with 684, &c. — phonograms capable of standing ideograms, 682 alone — evidence of highly and bureauligatures, iv.
signs,
still
as
Plutarch,
in
Alkmene's
iv.
legalized
system in contents of
cratic
693
;
tablets, iv.
incised lines for entries (like ruled
paper), iv. 695 (Fig. 680); secondary details in minute script, e.g. iv. 697 (Fig. 682)
on
;
docketing of edges,
shelf, IV. 696: special
like
books
formulas for
groups and systematic arrangements, iv. 697; theft of tablets brought home to culprit through Minoan formula accepted
—
by Canea Court, Aristides 'the unjust', ib. methods of punctuation and divi-
clearer
at Haliartos, iv. 672; tradition preserved in prologue to fictitious work of Diktys of Crete that it originated in the discovery of inscribed 'lime-bark' docu-
sions of groups, IV. 683, 703, 704, &c.; graduation in size of type according to im-
ments in 'tin chest' brought to light at Knossos by earthquake of Nero's time, IV. 672-4
contrasted with early Greek,
relations of Class
ism,
I.
B to A,
partial
646; reactions of
B
'ladle' of
common
element,
iv.
;
— name-groups
(often
iv.
704
authenticated
by
'man' or 'woman' signs), iv. 709-1 1 (Figs. 693 A, b); terminals of name-groups, male
synchron-
682 Class B largely drawn from Hieroglyphic sources of equal antiquity with A, I. 646, large
portance of groups in same tablet, iv. 697 seqq. modern advance in Art of Writing
'throne' sign
A type, iv. 680, 683 of decimal sign on late A tablets, iv. 680
on TruUos
—
(62), iv.
signs
in three sys-
sealings, iv.
Tomb
—
85,
— clay documents now shape and clay — appearance of a
of previous finds in Classical
to
direction)
IV.
from above, found Magazine VIII, iv.
inscribed bronze tablet found,
according
numbers of
in
(in
certain typical
669-71 (Figs. 65s, 656).
-
;
73 signs represented, syllabary in ordinary use 62, IV. 682
—
gypsum
683 to be regarded as mainly of independent grovrth, ib. signary of Class B and comparisons with A, IV. Fig. 666 a, b, c, opposite p. 684;
pictorial illustrations, IV.
730 (Fig. 711)
— large clay —
—
graffiti
class, iv.
;
lents, IV.
669
— finds of sealings with of 616-18 (Figs. 603, 604) same — shape and character of L.M. 16
(cont.)
683 some signs (as 'flying bird' and 'leaf') nearer prototypes than A equivaIV.
Linear Class IV.
B
Script, Linear Class
Linear Class B:
and female, iv. 714 (Fig. 696), 715 sign of declension, iv. 415 ideographic elements in name-groups, iv. ;
—
712-13, Fig. 694
a, b, swine's
head
(c,
i,
fore-part of ox; g, Goat; e, f, i, prow of vessel, lily, 713, leaf, 713, eye, 713)
SCRIPT
SCRIPT
[i6i]
Script, Linear Class
B
— Hieratic and 688-90 — numeration,
Egyptianizing element,
IV.
vessels
;
vases',
iv.
—
691-3 (Fig. 678)
— example of insertion of sign of 570 (Fig. 544
flock
(Fig.
on
(Fig.
in
,
— tablet with elegant men
groups,
script containing lists
('throne' sign before IV.
704-6 (Fig. 687
—
some name-
iv.
tablet ref
to
IV.
iv.
;
716 (Fig. 699)
716-18 717 (Fig.
tablets relating to olive culture, IV.
tablets relating to saffron culture, iv.
—
21 (Figs. 703, 704) cereal group: 'Granary' Tablets, iv. 622-9
i, I)
:
700)
—
of Wimals, iv. 789 (Fig. 763 a, d,g,
'chariot' tablets, in three large Deposits,
corner),
701 (Fig. 685) (male and female) derivative sign in connexion with olive groves,
(Fig. 698); with other trees, iv.
800
and by Central Section of paved way from Palace to Little Palace ('Armoury' deposit), iv. 786 seqq.; full chariot shown, iv. 788 (Fig. 763); type shown on B tablets later Minoan chariot of 'dual' form (otherwise depicted from L.M. lb onwards), iv. 821 (Fig. 800 a, b), 823 (Fig. 803 Avdu sardon5rx ring), 824 (Fig. 804: Tiryns), 825 'Throne' sign and bisellium at-
indicative
sexes, iv.
— ideograms relating to superintendence,
799 (Figs. 772, 773), as ideogram, repeated in
near S.W. border of Central Court in N. Entrance Passage (near upper West
a, b)
— with female names, 706-9 — sign-groups of children of both 708, 709 — miniature ering children, 709 lists
linearized
tablets, iv.
(Fig. 774) ; list, IV. 800 (Fig. 775), 801; horse's head on Chariot Tablets as substitute for a pair,
three groups (24 lines) iv. 70 1-4 (Fig. 686)
•
(Fig.
IV.
pictorial
;
tablet
iv.
to
offi-
signs, iv.
/); oc-
714 714 (Fig.
(Fig.
tablet
iv.
e,
iv.
flocks
lists,
IV.
figures,
of ship, iv. 712 (Fig. 694 iv.
— great bulk of inventories and 698 — exceptional character of large without numerical indications — perhaps warrant, 698, 699 683) — human 'man' and 701-9 'woman' 701 684) — large dealing with male persons, iv.
with L.M.
734, 735
— rudder sign on name-groups, — 69s) and herds, swine and horses, 706) 723 — horned sheep and signs (numbers up 19000), 723, 724 707) — horse's head— and signs
h)
tablets
later floor level
III^> pottery, iv.
prow
'stirrup
to
733, 734 (Figs. 718, 719);
currence in personal names,
this Class
beside principal type on jasper lentoid Siteia, iv.
IV.
found under
quantities, IV. 725 (Fig. 708) tablets ( X sign for o),
— 'percentage'
cial
727
(Figs.
tablets
numbers and
specially attached to
from
I v.
special signs, iv.
(Fig.
679)
tached to names or
718-
body and 789
titles
on,
iv.
787
parts of chariots on, iv.
without wheels, specimens,
608) bifid cereal type, iv. 624 (Figs. 610, 611) ear of barley, iv. 625 (Fig. 612) ideo-
iv. 790 792 (Fig. 766) wheels of, with carpenter's saw, iv. 793-7 (Figs. 767, 768) (numbers on
graphic signs connected with agriculture
single tablet
(Fig. 609); 'Granary' signs, iv. 622 (Fig.
;
;
up
to 478)
saw on as carpenter's (Fig. 770), and see Wheels.
and cereals, IV. 721 (Fig. 705, Table), 722 Throne and Sceptre sign, iv. 686-8 (Fig.670); sceptre as Egyptian shepherd's crook
;
(Fig. 764),
;
—
and area of
original location
— services of vessels shown, 730 (Figs. 712.713) — associated with 711), 731 714, 715) 729 — hoard of referring
practically identical with A, ;
— signs
IV.
;
compared with Palace hoards,
iv.
691 (Fig. 676) A and B compared, ib. signs of addition and 'total', iv. 693 (Fig.
—
727-33
dispersion, IV. 728, 729 (Fig. 710, Plan); iv.
IV.
of
{cont)
— vase tablet deposit—series of metal types,
A and
B, iv. 684 (Fig. 665); proof of survival of same racial elements, ib. in
B
Script, Linear Class
(cont.)
— identical name forms
sign, iv.
797
'fodder' sign on, iv. 801, 802 (Figs.
ib.
M
;
SCRIPT
SCRIPT
[162]
Script, Linear Class
B,
'chariot' tablets (cont.)
776-8); coupled with 'flock' sign 'goats'), IV. 801, 802 (Fig. 776 f,g)
whip sign on,
Script, Linear Class
(=
IV. 747-9 (Figs. 731, 732); similar contemporary fragments from later Palace at Thebes, IV. 748 (Fig. 730) and Mycenae, IV. 747-8 (Fig. 729 a) with 'three C s' and 'two C s' motive of L.M. II Knossian
corslet or breast-plate on, IV. 803 (and
inset a-c)-5
Rameses
parallels
;
with corslets of (and inset d)
Ill's time, iv. 803
;
counter-marked or obliterated by ingot sign or' talent '= knight's fee, iv.805 (Fig.
783a, b)
651-3); ideographic 'Cup' sign on (badge of Royal Cup-bearer), iv. (cf.
806 (Fig. 785), 807
— 'horned helmet' sign and 688-90 — deposit of Sword in Corridor near origin, iv.
—
la floor level and below
L.M.
posit,' IV. 854-7 (Figs- 838, 839); type with square headed blade-development of earlier dagger sign, iv. 856, 857 (Fig. type often with protuberant 839 a) shoulder (late Palatial cruciform type), ;
IV.
857 (Fig. 839 b)
;
— — indigenous character, only taken over exceptional 732, 733 735) — iv.753 754 735 736) — inscription from Thebes of
in
cases, IV.
'gridiron' sign,
L.M.
Ill
738 (Fig. 722), (sign-group with developed
739 and n. i form of 'rudder',
— appearance^ in
cf
.
11.
L.M.
corresponding with Knossian,
—
iv.
247
(Fig. 144^, b))
a,
signs' all iv.
750
in
some
cases to
same persons,
ib.
later
—
from 'Sub-Mycenaean' (L.M. IIIc) iv. 755-8 (Fig. 740) head of clay figurine from Knossos show-
III6 Mainland de-
on vases essentially representing the advanced Linear B script of the Knossian
with Knossian of Class B, iv. 751 (Fig. 734, Table); other parallel allocations, ib. necessary conclusion that the language was also to same, iv. 732; possible reference
—
posits of inscriptions, painted or written,
reminiscences of Class B visible in decorative use of some signs on rim of
jar
shrine at Asine,
from Orcho723); Mycenae, iv.
ing parallel usage, iv. 757 (Fig. 738) Cyprus and the Minoan Script, iv. 758-63: Cypro-Minoancharacterson clay balls, IV.
739. 741-3 ; Tiryns, iv. 739, 741-3 (Fig. 726 a, b, dark on light and light on dark)
759, 76o(Figs.742,743),76i; on cylinders, IV. 760 (Fig. 743,/,^) ; on gold signet-ring
from Store Room, House of Kadmos, Thebes, iv. 739-42 (Figs. 724 a,b; copies
from Maroni, iv. 759, 760; on limestone fragment, Enkomi, iv. 759 (Fig. 741 ), 760 ^
Palace tablets,
— inscribed menos,
iv.
'stirrup iv.
739 vases'
739 (Fig.
of the painted inscriptions); at Eleusis, IV.
744 and
— Theban
n.
i
(Suppl. PI.
LXIX)
vessels associated with L.M. III6 fragments of Tell-el-Amarna class, iv.
is
(Figs.
— correspondence of Mainland name-groups
date from Reoccupation deposit, Hall of
Colonnades, Knossos,
,
(Fig.
13
of inscription of Class B,
painted on bowl-fragment of
of
(Fig. 733 a, b)
B
— re-emergence
B
signs
Knossos, IV. 744, 745 (Comparative Table, Fig. 728), 746 one sign only peculiar to Class A, iv. 744
part of crystal hilt
of this type found near, iv. 854 Linear Class later series (L.M. III6):
Mycenaean'
L.M. II, Knossos, iv. 749 shown to correspond in overwhelming degree with Class B at of Script
— Mainland
L.M.
III6 de-
palatial origin
parallel relation- of 'diffused
style of pottery and the Mainland adoption
tablets
S.E. Angle of Palace, above mature
later series (cont.)
741, 747, 748 (Fig. 728 a, b); Knossian elements in this Tell-el Amarna class,
807 (Fig. 786)
iv.
B
— comparisons
of
Cypro-Minoan
signary
with Cretan Script B, IV. 761, 762 (Fig. 744, Table) correspondences with both ;
Class
A and
B, iv. 760, 761
854, erroneously 'L.M. Ilia'. (A. E.) as 'imported', but statement iv. 738 preferable that superior glaze here visible rather 'a characteristic of Mainland Mycenaean technique'. (A. E.) 3 P. 760, end should read 'the terminal sign of the ring (No. 1 1 of the Table)' there, erroneously, '
Vol.
^
There described
'No.
iv, p.
—
—
9'.
(A.E.)
:
SCRIPT and
the
— comparisons with bary of
Minoan Script (cont.) Greek Cypriote Sylla-
later date, iv. 761,
762 (Table,
Fig. 744) important bearing on phonetic value of Minoan signs, iv. 762 ;
Sculpture, Egyptian, influence of on Crete, n. 697
— Graeco-Roman, of 229 — Greek, from Athens, of
bull-sports,
Minoan types, iv.763
IV.
Cypriote
Cemetery of Hagia Paraskevi,
iv.
763
(Fig- 745)
— Syrian connexions
:
inscription of Class
B
on votive silver bowl from Ras-Shamra, IV. 782-4 (Fig. 762) suggestive character ;
occurrence, iv. 784. Craftsmen's signary, relation of to Linear of
its
A and
B,
—
517 n.
546
youth,
in
Hellenistic
style,
II.
I
Boghaz Keui, iv. 417 from Marash, iv. 410
Hittite, at
at Sendjirli, n.
53 — Minoan, E.M., of animals,
M.M. in
iv.
development
486 362
of, 11.
Egyptian influence on, n. 697
612
to pictographs, I. 134 alphabetiform character of,
ill.
on faience inlays, in. 408, and see Mason's marks, Tablets
IV.
importation of into Greece,
407
numeration in, ill. 408 on bone fish from E. Treasury, 406-9
influence of ill.
iv.
612, 613
on Mycenaean sculpture,
11.
697
on sphragistic
art, iv.
566, 567
scale of, IV. 194
941
and
Script
Alabaster,
see
Breccia,
Bronze,
Gypsum, Ivory, LimeMarble, Mycenae (Atreus tomb.
Diorite, Figures, tablets
from Ras-
stone,
Minoan
script, iv.
painted
Cuneiform alphabetic, on Shamra, IV. 781, 782 Cypriote, relation of to
Lion
to Egyptian hieroglyphic,
— early indigenous, on
11.
484
I.
III. s, IV.
985
18, 286-90,
II.
from
from
219, 220, 801,
704
— .on inscription from Eleutherna, in. 259
•
at
Gortyna, with some un-Greek signs,
with some un-Greek signs,
Sea-snails,
from Praesos, in. 259
258 n.
624: and see Mochlos Pachyammos, I. 150: and see Pachy-
2,
ammos at Vasiliki,
713
Phoenician alphabetic, introduction of into Greece, iv. 755 and see Phaestos Disk
I.
:
and see Pseira
78, 193
on imitation of Egyptian stone vases in pottery,
iv.
at
Knossos, III. 26 Seager, Mr. R. B., in. 440 collection of, n. 254n. i, 255 n. 2, 619 n. 3 discoveries at Gournia, 11. 134 n. i at Mochlos, I. 56, 70, 345, n. 249,
^
boustrophedon arrange-
ment of, IV. 769 on silver boss of Tarkondemos,
Minoan
955 and see Marine style on stone lamp from N.W. Insula
-at Pseira, in. 38
I
:
n. 43,
character of,
:
at
Hittite hieroglyphic,
Signet-
Wood
Minoan
Sea, conventional representation of in
I
at L)rttos,
259 n.
of
Reliefs
Sealings,
697, in. 199, IV. 233, 234, 613, 614 Scupi, Roman Colonia at, iv. 455
art, IV.
Greek alphabetic, compared with Minoan,
HI. 259 n.
Seals,
Scylla, see Skylla
inlays
Tell-el-Yahiidiyeh, iv. 941 on seated diorite figure of User
Knossos,
from
Reliefs,
Stelae),
stucco.
— Mycenaean,
steatite cylinder
Hagia Paraskevi, iv. 763 Egyptian hieroglyphic, on faience
gate,
rings, Stone,
755. 763 to Cypro-Minoan, iv. 761-3
III.
II.
of
free standing, evidence for, in. 518, iv.
134
i.
theus,
from Copper Age
cylinder
lion attacking bull,
537
from Knossos, of Herakles and Eurys-
inscription on early
;
from Smyrna,
III.
— residuum of early Cypriote signs of non-
IV.
SEAGER
[163]
Script, Cyprus
I.
571, 572
on light on dark ware, I. 108 n. 2 on snake sanctuary at Gournia, iv. 143 on Thisbe bead-seals, iv. 515
n. 6
SEAL-STONES
Seal-Stones, Minoan (with signet-rings, &c.). Author's collection of, I. 432, in. 116 n. 2, IV.'
485 n.
SEAL-STONES
[164]
ivory
I
first
Seal-Stones (with signet-rings and bead-seals) Chronologically arranged and specimens
E.M.
baked clay
stone, steatite,
671 in
visible
natural
representations,
117
ivory lion with
man
beneath
it
on square cut
base from primitive tholos, Kalathiana,
foration, ih.
dynastic
some
II.
and
convoluted
of
on
I.
68,
seals
three-sided
seal
and whorl from with figures of this 'Minotaur',
I.
68,
and other animals) found over wide Oriental region from N. Syria to Baby-
69 (Figs. 37, 38 a)
lonia,
358. 359. IV. 504 (Fig. 448); further to acrobatic types on later
now
similar types, better executed, of ivory,
made
amethyst, and crystal,
I.
86),
487 (Figs. 410, 410 bis), 488 processional or serial figures of lions, reminis-
69
II:
ordinary beads already
117 (Fig.
pared with E.M. Ill breccia vase, probably from H. Onuphrios tholos, iv.
502-4
besides soft stones,
i.
bored, iv. 486, 487 (Fig. 408) ivory seal in form of Little Owl, Mesara, com-
distant echoes of early Chaldaean types of i.
Kumasa,
486, 487 (Fig. 409); compared with early Nilotic hawk amulets, similarly IV.
relation
Gilgamesh and Ea-bani,
119
perforations),
;
seal-stones, IV.
I.
dove sheltering young, spiraliform motive below (horizontal and vertical
ivory
38 B), 358, 359 (Fig. 259), IV. 504 (Fig. 447), 505 relation of these Nilotic types to later Minotaur types on Minoan seals,
lian,
118 (Fig.
I.
rude
class including
from Karnak, on to early cylinder class, showing similar rude 'Minotaur' type, i. 69 (Fig.
common,
tholos,
87- i>2, 3), 119 parallel signets of stone (crouched oxen, sheep,
fitting
Minoan
from Platanos
from Kalokhorio, Hagios Onuphrios
three-sided seal of black steatite
I-
486, 487 (Fig. 401 a, and proto-
487 (Fig. 406) couchant ox, squatting ape (cynocephahis), and boar's head in relief above ivory
69, IV. 502-5 steatite
IV.
draught pieces in form of couchant lion on base, 11. 55, iv. 486,
monstrous
early Nilotic class of cylinders,
55 (Fig. 26),
b); derivative of prehistoric
forms, showing a relationship to figures
E.M.
Tomb')
mostly of irregular fabric, I. 68; prevalent types whorls, roughly formed threesided seals, and cylinders with side perrudely engraved pictographic figures on these,
,
II
III:
I.
(cylinders),
Mochlos (E.M.
with cynocephali back to back, i. 83 appearance of lentcrid type, in dark steatite, with rudely engraved figures,
progress
I:
primitive class in soft native materials, soap-
II {cont.)
'bottle' seal,
I.
E.M.
approximately placed (A.E.)
E.M.
Seal-stones,
I.
cent of proto-dynastic Egyptian Art, on ivory seals, Platanos,
94, 95;
of corne-
(and
95
cf. ic, zb, 6),
^7' 4) gold imitation
I.
118 (Fig. 87, 4)
119; spiders,
ib.
(Fig.
.
typical
cylinder seals
with side perforation
and engraved above and below, example from Mochlos, X. 94 (Fig. 63) compact
three-sided
pictorial designs
cuted,
I.
bird's-head
of
form of
in this period, '
i.
On
from
ivory
deposit Sphungaras, seal types in
with more begin to be exe-
birds
M.M.
cylinder
types
E.M. Ill, II. 194 (Fig. 104 b); developed type of spiraliform decoration here visible of North Aegean origin, 11. of
95
seal
Oriental
:
bead-seals
now
of
with large vertical perforation primitive ossuary, Kalathiana: attributed to close
II
192, 193 linked curves on ivory conoid from primitive
and animals begin
tholos ossuary, Hagia Triada, compared
I.
95 (Fig. 65)
with similar decoration in white on
117 p. 83 the erratum
'M.M
II
Tomb', occurs
for
E.M.
II.
— SEAL-STONES E.M. Ill (cont.) E.M. Ill pot, I.
Seal-stones,
black on III,
and see
11,
sided seals,
combination of three pairs of C-scrolls
and
3 outer), Platanos,
adaptation
109);
of
11.
199
pattern
258
1.
122 (Fig. 91), 358 (Fig.
a, h, c), 359,
and
cf.
Fig. 260 a, b
'bottle-shaped' signets of steatite,
121
I.
pact' type with ships, rowers,
seals'
opposed, confronted, or reversed
figures of
men and
influence
already
signet with
animals, traceable
monkeys back
buted to E.M.
i.
123; this
ivory
in
to back (attri-
83 (Fig. 51) 'button-seal' type also found in Central BabyII),
I.
lonia (Bismiya, &c.), IV. 505; a vehicle for the
opposed and two-headed motives,
ib.
with two lions in reversed positions, with tails
characteristic
'button-seal'
becoming attached results in
to
class
common
123-4 ^^E- 92j Table evolutions), and 125 (Fig. 93 I.
base
E.M. Ill 'double sickle' motive, illustrating b, b)
125 (Fig. 93
on ivory
521
c), IV.
seal, Platanos,
I.
118 (Fig. 87. 10), 120; Egyptian analogies, I.
120.
spiders on ivory cylinder,
118 (Fig. 87, 4)
I.
massive signet-rings of ivory (Mesara tholoi), 1. 1
13
;
and steatite with quadruple
spiral,
81 6) tubular ivory bead-seal for suspension, with oval face engraved with ants in reversed I-
113
(F.ig-
(related
positions
reversed
Dyn.,
6th
to
&c.,
from Tholos B,
types)
lion
Kumasa,
III. 139, 140 (Fig. 90 b i), 510 (Fig. 454) importance of above type as illustrating the
IV.
origin of the typical
with the bezel
Minoan
signet-ring
at right angles to
hoop,
III.
139 (Fig. 9°). IV. 510 (Fig. 454) (showing evolution from tubular bead) this origin :
small
hoops
of
finger-rings,
really
in-
abnormally
explains
many Minoan
of 'button seals', of bone and ivory, of Nilotic fabric, belonging to the period
between the close of the 6th and beginning of the nth Dynasty (c. 2400-2100 B.C.), I. 123-6; specially due to SyroEgyptian 7th and 8th Dynasties, iv. 505 recurring feature on these Nilotic 'button
I.
(Fig. 465) scorpions, reversed,
and beast
of burden, I. 120 (Fig. 89): do., ivory with ship and fish, i. 118 (Fig. 87. 7), 120 (cf. II. 239, 240, IV. 520, 521) appearance of three-sided steatite bead-seals with conventionalized pictographs approximating to early hieroglyphic class example, I. 125 (Fig. 83 b, a) influence on E.M. Ill bead-seals of a class
124 (Fig. 93 a)
Triada tholos,
'com-
three-sided steatite bead-seal of later,
I.
on same, potter playing draughts, I. 124, 125 (Fig. 93 A, a 2), IV. 521, 522 (Fig. 464); draught-board and men (of early dynastic form) on seal from Hagia
to
Middle Empire scarab type, 11. 201 (Fig. iioAe); M.M. Ill survival of scheme and its appearance on stela of Vth Shaft Grave, Mycenae, ib. (Fig. no a w) ivory conoids with meander patterns, I. 121 (Fig. 90); models to be sought in Egyptian seals of 6th and succeeding Dynasties,
Ill {cont)
scenes connected with potters' craft on three-
200 (Fig. iioA w), &c.
from Platanos with pattern formed of
(Fig.
E.M.
Seal-stones,
no (Fig. 77 a, h),
ivory cylinder of indigenous, side-bored type
(3 inner
SEAL-STONES
[i6s]
tended for suspension, and n. 3
M.M.
ill.
139, iv. 511
la, 6:
three-sided seal-stones of soft stone of
more
elongated form, presenting Hieroglyphs
of
A,
Class
impression
I. 196 (Fig. 143); clay of similar type, frorh E.
M.M. la 196 (Fig. 144); brown steatite example from Mallia, of somewhat more
Pillar
Basement, Knossos, in
stratum,
I.
advanced
style,
50
11.
(Fig.
23
bis:
spiraliform
and
'chisel-edged' arrow) circular
clay sealing with
foliate
design from
M.M.
la deposit,
Knossos, I. 201, 202 (Fig. 151); design completed, 11. 202 (Fig. iii); palmette, vegetable design here repeated, taken from Egyptian determinative sign for 'tree', ib.
of solid gold, perforated for suspension, Knossos, with triple foliate
'weight-seal'
—
:
SEAL-STONES Seal-stones, coil
M.M.
Seal-stones,
la, b (cont.)
motive engraved below resembling
foliate coils
in field of ivory cylinder,
Tholos B, Platanos, iv. 665 (Fig. 654 a, b) correspondence of vsfeight, 12-25 grammes wit)i Egyptian gold unit, ib. Twelfth Dynasty amethyst scarab from Diktaean Cave (Psychro), engraved with Minoan hieroglyphic group of Class A the first known example of Minoan sealengraving on a crystalline stone, I. 199 ;
(Fig. 147) Minoan imitations
of Egyptian scarabs in ivory and soft stone from M.M. I deposit, Platanos,
i.
199, 200; imitative scarab
with figure of Hippopotamus Goddess (Ta-Urt), from same deposit, I. 200 (Fig. 148), IV.
or sacred papyrus stem taken from
i2th
Dyn. scarab
type,
fields
M.M.
now
201
200,
I.
11a (and largely b)
(cont.)
by signs and
largely occupied
groups of Hieroglyphic Class B,
I.
273
seqq.
Forms of
connected with this advanced
seal
Hieroglyphic script: lentoids, I. 194; type with two circular bossed faces and square-cut disks,
489
circurnference (cf.
275
I.
Fig.
204
—
'flat-sided
a, b), iv. 488,
Fig. 418 a, b); type with con-
(cf.
voluted back,
I. 274, 27s (Fig. 204 e)\ three-sided 'prisms' of elongated form,
I. I. I.
276, 277 (Fig. 207 a); four-sided do., 276, 277 (Fig. 207 c, h); 'signet' type, 274-7 (Fig- 204 h, i, k,l,m; Fig. 207 b,
c), II.
417
no
200 (Fig.
a, b)
;
488 (Fig. with Hieroglyphic
A, o); IV.
silver signet
inscription
(Fig. 363)
439
black steatite 'button seal' showing canopied
waz
SEAL-STONES
[i66]
from E. Crete,
iv.
448; Hittite
comparisons suggested for signet type, ib.
from
cornelian,
four-sided prism,
Central
(Fig. 150 e) (cf. Fig. 150 6); other imita-
Crete, presenting facing head with long
tive scarab types, ib.
side tresses (suggested
ivory hemicylinder (Nilotic seal form, 6th to
nth Dynasty) with M.M. la sherds, Knossos huntsman and bride and hunt:
ing scene,
i.
197 (Fig. 145),
iv.
523 (Fig.
469); flounced dress of the woman due to influence of Oriental fashions, I. 197;
example of analogous flounced dress supplied by Ishtar figure on Babylonian
Hammurabi's time (c. 21 10 found in a M.M. I relation in Tholos B, Platanos, i. 198 (Fig. 146) thick flat-sided ivory disks, engraved above and below, of ivory, and soft stone, found in M.M. la association,' iv. 489 tabloid ivory bead-seal with slightly rounded faces from Knossos, with coil and leaf ornament, attributed to M.M. la, iii. 21 (Fig. i\ a,b,c); similar, less rounded, from Tholos A and B, Platanos M.M. la, or E.M. HI, IV. 499 (Fig. 438); regarded
and winged symbol, 207
c)
with seated cat badge, flanked by signgroup that recurs on seal impressions from the Hieroglyphic Deposit at Knossos, presenting the portrait of a Minoan Prince, i. 277 (Fig. 207 a), and
204 (Fig. 115 a, b). Of the accompanied by decorative motives associated with M.M. 11a, polychrome vases, see I. 246 (Fig. 186 «)
cylinder of
see II. 203,
finest execution,
as prototype of
'flat
cylinder class,
ib.
M.M. Ua
(and largely b) hard stones (as agate, cornelian, chalcedony, rock-crystal, amethyst, and jasper), now in general use '
^
by engravers, i. 273,
iv.
487
chalcedony,
E.
Crete,
decorator's
template by
used
insertion
for
palmette (Egyptian (Fig.
112
trated,
II.
b,
c);
of
'tree'
(iv.,
p. 489), read
illustrating itself
and
203 (Fig. 113
pattern reconstructed,
11.
as
conventional sign),
11.
use of template a, b);
204
203
illus-
ceiling
(Fig. 114)
abnormal lentoid bead of yellow steatite from Gortyna with intaglio pattern of M.M. Ilfl, polychrome type, iv. 489 (Fig. 419^ and inset); red filling visible in design showing that it was worn for ornament and not as seal, ib.
e.g. Platanos.
In description of Figure
types),
276, 277 (Fig.
three-sided prism, cornelian, Lasithi; royal seal
B.C.)
:
by Ishtar
I.
'M.M.
11' for
'L.M. IF. A. E.
SEAL-STONES M.M.
Seal-stones,
SEAL-STONES
[167]
Ila (and largely b) (cont.)
lion-shaped seal of amethyst with spiraliform pattern, iv. 486 (Fig. 416); parallel presented by scaraboid lion-seal of white
Seal-stones, I.
M.M.
lib {cont.)
565 (Fig. 411
vogue
M.M.
in
c,
I,
Ill,
a type
2),
i.
in
564, 565
lentoids with picturesque naturalistic
by
still
design,
(Knossos 1932), with fine engraving of crouched female figure, I v. 486
well
(Fig. 415 a-d)
therefore overlapping use of Class B),
steatite
revolution of sphragistic practice in closing
M.M.
lib phase (due to incipient usage
of the Linear Script A),
marked by
dis-
appearance of Hieroglyphic bead-seals, IV.
438
'prism type' also used for natural forms as wild-goat, couchant beneath tree, and I. 274, 275 (Fig. 204 a), and forepart of stag with spreading antlers, ib.
bird,
(Fig.
204
b)
now used
represented
seal
impressions
from Hieroglyphic Deposit, Knossos (and I. 272, 273, IV. 490, 491; specimens with rock-scenery: doe beside stream, I. 273 (Fig. 202 a); sea 273 (Fig. 202 c), IV. 116 (Fig. 81); fish and squid in rocky pool, I. 273 (Fig. 202 b), IV. 490 (Fig. 422) rock setting of these compared with SaffronGatherer fresco, belonging to period of ceramic polychromy, I. 265 seqq. and Coloured PI. IV; tradition of rock-set
peaks beyond, grotto,
I.
;
M.M.
for more natural subsuch as wild-goats broWsing on
impressions of 'signet' seals of clay sealings
peak, IV. 489 (Fig. 417) appearance of 'flat cylinder' type (used as bezel of finger-rings), an evolution from ivory 'rounded tabloids' (E.M. IIIM.M. la), IV. 499; impression on claysealing from House B, Zakro, with
from Hieroglyphic Deposit, Knossos, showing portrait of male head (presumably of Minoan prince) of Armenoid type, I. 271, 272 (Fig. 201 a); accompanied by impression of prism seal giving title, I. 276 (Fig. 206): see too i. 8 (Fig.
ib. and specimen of banded agate (Rethymnos) with spirited design of agrimt in wild flight over rocks and trees, I. 274,
2 a); contrasted with 'Cup-bearer' of
'signet' seals jects,
signs of Hieroglyphic Class B,' n. 4;
M.M.
275 (Fig. 204
r,
439, Suppl. PI.
LIV
IV.
s),
499, SCO (Fig.
a)
116:
flat-sided
disks
with
derivatives of
slightly
M.M.
soft stone, iv. 488,
bossed faces,
lb type in ivory
and
489 (Fig. 418), and
cf.
685; specimen in banded agate from Central Crete, showing 'triple palm-tree'
I.
group on knoll of conventional rocks, 11. 494 (Fig. 299); sometimes above and below, like
M.M.
la prototypes,
i.
275
204 b, c) (wild boar and hound seizing long-horned agrimt); rock crystal, Sfaka, Siteia: chalcedony from Lasithi: with horned sheep, fine natural style on (Fig.
triply
graduated base,
684 (Fig. 503 b), upper part of design i.
IV. 489 (Fig. 418 a) showing part of conventional fa9ade ;
{see
scenes carried on in
fresco. Fig.
similar
'signet'
(prince),
i.
Ill, iv.
500
2 c impression of young
boy
271, 272 (Fig. 201 b)
of yellow steatite (found in association with M.M. II a polychrome pottery, about Senusert IPs time, 1906-1888 B.C.), with quadruple pattern of interlocked curves, 11. 119, 220 (Fig. no A, 0) pattern here supplies parallel to triple com-
'signet'
E.M. Ill ivory cylinder (see shown to refiect a common Middle Empire Egyptian scheme (adaptation of Minoan circular form to oval scarab field), 11. 199, 200: compare Figs. bination of
above)
no
109, ra,
{re)
Minoan type
at
A e, /; central 'sun' symbol, of scarab form taken over on
signet, ib. (for survival as signet
Zakro,
and
Mycenae grave stela,
see
appearance under
on
M.M. Ill)
amygdaloid type, represented on sealings of Hieroglyphic Deposit, i. 671
' An impression from another seal-stone of the same type with a hieroglyphic inscription of Class B was taken by Professor Sayce at Athens, Cretan Pictographs, A.E., p. 30 [209], Fig. 39. On the other face was an agrimi seized by a dog (Scripta Minoa, PI. 11, p. 41). A.E.
: ;
SEAL-STONES
SEAL-STONES
[i68]
Seal-stones (cont.)
Seal-stones,
M.M.III: due
cessation of hieroglyphic seal-stones
introduction of
new Linear
to
Script A,
of seal,
669, 670
I.
cornelian, Central Crete, with agrimi stricken
by arrow, and flying bird (talismanic virtues good hunting, and swiftness),
—
543 (Fig. 495) survival of lion's mask hieroglyph as IV. 541,
manic sign on
M.M. Ulb
talis-
lentoid bead-
402 a-d)
673 (Fig.
I.
—
of flat-sided disk type those presenting conventional fagade specially
continuance
in vogue,
I. 564, 565 (Fig. 411 a-d); 'Medallion' pithoi of Royal Magazine,
stamped with a broken specimen,
W. Temple motive,
M.M. LIV
in
Suppl. PI. steatite
a,
b);
dolphins
—
fitting
501,
Ill, iv. 500:
and
see
ally
I.
example
from
Palaikastro
and
also recalling
675 (Fig. 495
a, b),
Dolphin
676, iv. 500,
and Suppl. PI. LIV 61, 62 (originforming bezel of ring); the same
dark rhyton fragment from Palaikastro with gold applied
to
vessels
of
steatite with relief decoration, e.g.
676 (Fig. 496) cylinder' type made use of for a series
plate attaching to 'flat
it, I.
of masterpieces of the
'flat
pattern, iv.
501 (Suppl. PI. LIV e); perhaps finest combination of powerful execution with minute detail in the whole range of the
Minoan gem
engravers' Art, ill. 185 of sapphirine chalcedony (from
Knossos), depicting two youthful tumtheir double crests
blers in flowery field
:
Libyan plumes,
recalling
iv. 501-3 (Fig. 443 and Suppl. PI. LIV,/); prototypes of tumbling figures on earlier Minoan
lentoid, iv. 502 (Fig. 444), and an Egyptian class of black
protodynastic and earlier,
on those of cylinders,
502-6 (Figs. 445, 446, 448); and on grey marble cylinder of Nilotic class, iv. 506 (Fig. 450) tumbling motive reflected in Minotaur iv.
by Cretan dancers,
Minoan
glyptic
Art executed in this period, iv. 301 seqq. cylinder' of mottled chalcedony, Knossos
IV.
507,
508 'flat cylinders',
clay impressions of from Zakro
two men trussing body of
swimming towards rocky border on to naturalistic group of
116,
method
compared with Phaestos wall
paralleled
itself, ib.
coated with gold plate, with designs of
Fresco,
377
and
work of tank,
451); Egyptian female tumblers, iv. 507, 508 (Fig. 452); Kv^LcrT-qTripe oi Iliad, still
411
I.
(used as bezel of finger-ring),
vogue of
185, 186 (Fig. 129),
Repository presenting this
I.
'flat cylinder'
ill.
(Fig. 274); lattice
types, IV. 504, 505 (Figs. 448, 449); Jater parallels in Taureador scenes, iv. 506 (Fig.
564, 565 (Fig. possible reference to Palace
M.M.
cf. I.
564 from
(Fig. 410); clay seal impressions
black
cowboy grappling bull while drink-
ing at cistern,
'flat cylinder'
tory), ib.
seals,
'flat
I. 677 (Fig. 497), iv. 500 (Fig. 440 and Suppl. PI. LIV c) cylinder', onyx (A.E., once Tyskiewicz
Coll.),
amygdaloid seal of soapstone from Little Palace, with linear characters of Class A, I. 670 (Fig. 490) survival of prism type in modified form with bossed faces, i. 670 (Fig. 491, red cornelian), 671; with pattern of M.M. II derivation (from 12th Dyn. scarab reperexceptional
Ill {cont.)
attached to string,
i.
669, 671 linear signs not adapted for decorative types
M.M.
(N. of Palace): fisherman holding up skaros fish (parrot wrasse) and octopus
lion for sus-
pension, IV. 522 (Fig. 467); compared with E.M. Ill type agrimis suspended
on
pole, IV. 522 (Fig. 466)
of sapphirine chalcedony from Arkhanes showing goat in butting attitude on rocky ledge, barked at by dog on stony flat below, iv. 508, 509 (Fig. 453) and Suppl. PI. LIV, j-; interpreted
'flat cylinder'
as illustration of
Minoan
fable, iv. 509;
comparison with Aesop's 'Lamb and
Wolf, ib. Eastern range of beast stories, ;
ib.
'flat cylinder'
of cornehan from near Lyktos,
horned sheep with shaggy breast, standing, i. 684 (Fig. naturalistic design of
503
a), 685, IV.
571 (Fig. 546)
:
:
SEAL-STONES M.M.
Seal-stones,
Ill {cont)
fish,
view of ship under
&c.,
243 (Fig. 140); sail divided into squares (recalling full sail, 11,
embroidered sails of Ramessid Egyptian vessels), 11. 207, 208 Amygdaloid {almond shaped) type (also known as 'glandular') now comes into vogue (no Minoan ancestry but, on larger scale, already known in Sumeria and prelater
dynastic Egypt, iv. 493) of black schist veined with red, Knossos:
with cabin at stern (perhaps also at prow, but broken away): its broad lateen sail is decorated (as 'flat sailing vessel
cylinder' above, but with diaper spaces),
828 (Fig. 807) with bold design of skaros fish (parrot wrasse) amidst marine growths, giving IV.
Lappa,
—
I.
of
perspective:
677 (Fig. 498),
cornelian,
iv.
494
(Fig.
430, Suppl. PI. LIV h) of broader form, design set horizontally,
shovving flying-fish, in free style, like
those
of
Phylakopi fresco: cornelian,
site of Kleitor,
678,
III.
Arcadia,
677 (Fig. 499), 129, 130 (Fig. 84), IV. 494 (Fig.
429, Suppl. PI.
LIV
I.
I)
— design set horizontally
:
herd of agrimis
494 (Fig. 431) Taurokathapsia scenes, clay seal imprescornelian, Crete, iv.
sions
from amygdaloid gems
:
M.M.
deposit, E. Magazines, Knossos,
I.
III6
686
219 (Fig. 153); early sealings of Zakro deposit, i. 686 (Fig. (Fig.
504
d), III.
504 b, c), III. 219 (Figs. 151 b, 152) talismanic types of amygdaloid class with plain back, dated burial deposits to
by Sphungaras urnIll and in part
M.M.
L.M.
la, I. 671-4, IV. 445, 446; fa9ades of gabled buildings, I. 674 (Figs. 493, 494), 675; vegetation charms, 'kan-
and beaked vessels, with iv. 446-50 (Figs. 3705); lions' masks (also on lentoids), I. 673 stricken (Fig. 492 strength-giving) wild-goats for hunters, iv. 446 (cf. 542, tharos' spouted
sprays of foliage,
— — curiously The selected that case quadruple — and followed '
Figs. 495
Harbour Town, Knossos, picturesque
suggestion
attitudes
M.M.
Seal-stones,
haematite, resembling bronze.
'flat cylinder'
SEAL-STONES
[169]
;
Amygdaloid type (cont.) 496 on other types); ships,
Ill,
b,
and octopus types, Double Axes, ib.
now much
Lentoid types: case
of
in vogue,
series of masterpieces, iv.
dark
steatite lentoid,
489 seqq.
Mirabello, showing
modelled head of
finely
as in
present
cylinders',
'flattened
calf as
prepared
for table, with three globules, iv. 491 (Fig.
42s and Suppl.
PI.
LIV d)
on Hagia Triada
clay impression of lentoid
sealing with flying bird, apparently dove, freely rendered, iv.
490 (Fig. 424), 491
lentoid of opaque green
material
from
instantaneous
presenting
Mirabello,
sketch of three waterfowl in characteristic attitudes, feeding, sleeping,
and
spreading wings' for flight, iv. 491, 492 (Fig. 426 and Suppl. PI. LIV m) white chalcedony lentoid (Knossos district),
instantaneous sketch of
wounded
endeavouring to extract arrow, iv. (Fig. 498 and Suppl. PI. LIV/), 544; 543 type transferred to wounded lions and calf
lionesses, iv. 544, 545. part, apparently, of lentoid seal
impres-
from Temple Repository, showing parturition of kid, i. 696 (Fig. 518 d),
sion,
IV. 563 (Fig. 531) lentoid showing agrimis
on rocky ground and Suppl.
in act of procreation, iv. 563 PI.
LIV i
found in Little Palace beneath slab of main stairs, presenting bearded head described as of 'Dervish
steatite lentoid
Priest'
iv. 217-20 (Fig. 167 head on reverse), 489 (Fig.
chanting,
a, b: bull's
419 6w; Suppl. PI. LIV^), 490; compared with sistrum player on Hagia Triada 'rhyton' depicting 'harvest rout', IV.
218, 219 (Figs. 168, 169) from M.M. Ill stratum,
steatite lentoid
Court of the Stone Spout, Knossos,
Goddess in short
Axe and
skirt
holding Double
sacred vestment
:
behind, what
appears to be section of dado band,
434>435
(Fig. 312 «)
recall a Chinese artistic formula for groups of water-fowl in typical Chinese paintings. A. E.
I.
:
SEAL-STONES M.M.
Seal-stones,
Ill,
Lentoid types
Seal-stones,
{cont.)
jasper lentoid from site of Kydonia with toilette
Ill
SEAL-STONES
[jyo]
scene analogous to that of
wall-paintings
('Ladies
M.M.
M.M.
Blue',
'roundel'
518 (Fig. 461 a, b) Clay sealings, probably from gold signet-rings matrix of elongated oval outhne taken
Class A),
in
&c.), IV.
:
from
M.M.
showing mystic chalice offered to Goddess seated on wing of pillar shrine, from deposit by S.W. Corridor, 11. 767 (Fig. 498), iv. 395 (Fig. 331); impressions based on this found in late Palatial deposits, iv. 597 Ill prototype
from Zakro hoard, of design on Knossian
early seal impression
showing replica 11.
oval seal impression, KaKJievelov, Knossos,
two female adorants wearing
God
between),
tiaras (perI.
683 (Fig.
S°2) elongated oval seal impression from Hagia
Triada, showing gladiatorial combat in
arena with fallen champion and pillar indicative of stand for spectators,
691 (Fig. 512); source of scene of warlike combat on Mycenae signet-ring (IVth Shaft Grave), i. 691 (Fig. 513), 692 I.
(compare, too, Hagia Triada seal impressions, IV. 512, Fig. 456 a, b) clay sealing of more elongated oval outline
with bold relief of bull's head combined with Double Axes from M.M. lllb stratum of Court of the Stone Spout, I. 699 (Fig.
522
b)
to
with
inscription
M.M. Ill deposit, E. Maga-
zine, Knossos,
showing lions at full galI. 716 (Fig. 539 a, b)
lop in finest style),
(for 'flying gallop', see
I.
713 seqq.)
same class from Hagia Triada, two wild-goats in flying
oval seal impression of gallop over rocks,
I.
Linear
of
678, 679 ascribed as a whole Ill early and late (with overlap I.
;
M.M. M.M.
from
II),
ib.;^
archaic
dress
(double-flounced loin-cloth and baggy
garments, 'apron' of men, short skirts of women), I. 679, 680 (Fig. 500), 800;
compared with dress on clay sealings of Hagia Triada deposits, I. 679' flat
cylinder impression from, with Hieroiv.
499
oval impressions from, depicting religious subjects (probably
from
signet-rings),
I.
from Knossos [see above) round field castle on rocky height central round tower with entrance and two similar towers with small peaks above on :
:
either side: isodomic masonry,
717 (Fig. 539 d)
Zakro Hoard. Evidence supplied by large hoard of clay sealings, found in House A (D. G. Hogarth), about 500 three-sided
i.
308
(Fig. 227 a)
round field building with four divisions peaked helmet to left and two 8 -shaped shields below couchant Sphinx or Grif:
:
fin to right, indicative of divine protec-
tion (apparently princely residence, a
type connected with the 'conventional of flat-sided disks,
fagade'
M.M.
III),
I.
M.M.
II-
565
large percentage of types from, presenting
monstrous forms, executed in lentoid seal-types, of composite and fantastic character,
clay sealing, with oval field (perhaps of signet-rings,
{cont.)
679, 680; one a replica of clay matrix
768, 769 (Fig. 499)
haps infant
Zakro Hoard
glyphic inscription of Class B,
(Fig. 591 a)
matrix,
Ill,
nodules (including one or two with signs of Hieroglyphic Class B, also a clay
I.
701 seqq.; endless variation
and transformation of limited number of types, I. 701, 702; to be regarded as due not to gradual evolution but to rapid
change designed to baffle forgers, ib. bird-winged creations, perhaps suggested by 'tailed' winged motive of Hieroglyphic
B
I. 706 (Fig. 530); winged design with hind-legs, i. 702 (Fig. 525 a);
Class,
Cherub-headed lion's
and
cf. p. 721 (tailpiece) wings connected with looped bucrania heads of oxen, and
' The statement made, loc. cit., that 'few' of the designs 'can be classed as typical Late Minoan' requires revision. It can safely be said that none of them b^ar a Late Minoan character. The attempt that has been made to compare certain religious types of the Zakro series with some from the Vapheio tomb is altogether negatived by later fashions in dress there visible. A. E.
SEAL-STONES M.M.
Zakro Hoard [cont.) tusks and bestial heads attached to horns, I. 702 (Fig. 535
Seal-stones,
Ill,
others with
b, c,
SEAL-STONES
[171]
d)
(Fig.
Religion,
creations of
ib.;
ib.;
Winged
however,
found in religious connexion, i. 708 (Fig. 532); appearance of hawk-headed Griffins with birds' wings in i2th Dyn. Egypt, I. 709, 710 (Fig. 533, Table)*; relation to
Minoan
Griffin types,
I.
on site of Harbour Town of Knossos (Anemomylia) of three-sided nodules
find
bat-winged types, combined with diabolic head, I. 702 (Fig. 525 g); combined with hind-quarters of animal Minoan Tuck',
(threaded along axis) answering to those of Zakro and with identical types of seal
—
254, 255 (Fig. 149); clay with copper particles answering to that of figures),
II.
Vasiliki,
E. Crete, dominating the North
Coast, but different from that of Zakro
on the South Coast, 11. 254, 255 evidences of Knossian customs system and
704 (Fig. 527) butterfly-winged types, combined with de-
extension, 11. 254, 255 rapid variation of types (productive of fantastic creaits
or papyrus sym-
705 (Fig. 528 c); with boar's head, 70s (Fig. 529 b) facing Sphinx with wings of eyed butterfly, I. 705 (Fig. 529 c); compared with triple group showing human eyes on wings:
;
—an
bol,
I.
tions)
&c.,
I.
forgery,
lentoid
sealing
from
Little
on
seated type),
gous
II'
II,
'signet' type),
triple
curves)
(like
I.
noA^,
(Figs.
M.M. nib
the analo-
of Vlth
Mycenae Shaft Graves,
11.
Stela of
200,
201
iioBfl)
Deposit of clay seal impressions in
West Temple Repository. Circular impression with composite design pileus, and pair of antlers, barred crest, and crab? compared with Zakro compositions,
;
In text for 'M.M.
M.M.
taken over in sculpture
Goddess (short-skirted 764 (Fig. 492 a) compared with '
above,
{see
before II.
against
700 (Fig. 523 c), IV. 254 (Fig. 149 a); type (as shown, 11. 199-200, Fig. no a) modification of 'Egypto-Minoan' scarab pattern and essentially sphragistic, but
either side of portal
;
protection
official
701-3
quadruple pattern of interlocked curves
Palace,
with altar-base within, i. 307, 308 (Fig. 227 c), IV. 611 (Fig. 599 fl), 612; two confronted lions standing on either side of incurved altar block, iv. 611 (Fig. 599 b) sealing from Hagia Triada (somewhat later) compared, iv. 6i i (Fig. 599 c) anticipation of Lions' Gate type, iv. 611 Minoan version of adorant Cynocephalus
I.
reappearance on early Zakro sealings and those of Knossos Harbour Town of
Knossos, I. 705 (Fig. 529 d), 706 evidences of renewed influence of Oriental two lions symantithetic schemes: metrically posed
many composite
impressions (including
705 (Fig. 529 a) horned, diabolic head of above, compared with 'horned imp' on chalcedony 'signet' seal, Mochlos, I. 703' (Fig. 526); winged Melian 'Goblins' compared, i. I.
waz
Waz
(Fig. 524)
711
(Fig. 533). 711-13; Pard with 'Cherub' above, I. 711 (Fig. 533 d)
rivative of sacred
c)
symbol of Egypt, as associated with double scrolls on 12th Dyn. scarabs, on Zakro seal types, I. 705 (Fig. 528 a, b, c and Fig. 529 d) imitation of Canopied waz types: 'cordiform' patterns and scrolls, i. 700 (Fig. 523 a, b); comparison with sealing pattern from Temple Repository, i. 700
Fancy not
goat,
492
influence of sacred papyrus rod or
707 (Fig. 531) bird-winged types of, in their general connexion, I. 706-8; wings distinct from the I.
scarab form,
Ill,
similar adorant figure
winged goat-men and goat-women, crane with woman's breasts, and bird-woman, &c.,
M.M.
Zakro Hoard {cont.) on Hagia Triada sealing, 11. 764 (Fig. 492 b)\ and later scene on L.M. \a signet-ring, with ostrich plumes of Maat above, 11. 764
Seal-stones,
boars'
read
'M.M.
I.
699, 700 (Fig. 522 a)
II or IIP.
— SEAL-STONES M.M.
pressions in
Seal-stones {cont)
L.M.
Thisbe,
horned sheep beside manger: swastika above (18 examples), i. 684, 696 (Fig. 5186), IV. 570 (Fig. 544 a); possible reference of symbol to horned sheep suckling infant God on sealing of Hieroglyphic Deposit, I. 273 (Fig. 202 e), 684, 696, IV. 570 {also similar animal without swastika)
somewhat elongated
scripts,
I.
as -j- of 'Linear'
515 (Fig. 374)
recumbent ox with head turned back, away from the spectator, i. 695, 696 (Fig. 518 c); suggestive of later group of two
iv.
dess holding sword and lustral sprinkler
—symbols of temporal and dominion —found, with bronze hoard and spiritual
L.M. la painted
N.W.
agate,
— red *
jasper, Kydonia warrior covered by 8-shaped shield thrusting spear at :
lion's neck, kneeling archer in front of
him, rocks below,
iv. 575 (Fig. 556), 576; design derived from pictorial prototype
parallel to lion-hunt
blade,
iv.
518 enigmatic design of rocks and horizontal bars with crescent-shaped stands, I. 696 (Fig. 518 k), 697 pallium-like figure /superposed
Chamber Tomb, Thisbe, seizing
bull,
on
triple-
:
694 (Fig. 514), iii.2i8(Fig. 149) fragment of boxing scene, pugilist with part of fallen champion, and pillar indicating fresco,
I.
Grand Stand,
i.
689 (Fig. 509), 691
123,
ill.
scenes of Taurokathapsia
by
bull, 'Sacral
Boeotia: lion
124 (Fig. 75);
—youth thrown
Knot' in
field, ill.
225,
and symbol on gold signet-ring from Smyrna, 226 (Fig. 159) III.
bull,
(parallel design
225, Fig. 158); ritual stabbing of III.
226 (Fig.
227
160),
supplied by Boegia of Miletos, also for wrist,
Mycenae lion
'flat
(parallel iv.
47)
cylinders', probably
from Third Shaft Grave, one-handled
with
(found
mature L.M. la), wounded with arrow in flank on rocky slope,
IV. 546 (Fig. 507); warrior stabbing lion with short sword, iii. 125 (Fig. 78); type imitated by Hellenistic engraver on
ivory ring bezel, (for the third
looped coils, I. 696 (Fig. 5187) scene of Taurokathapsia youth performing back somersault over coursing bull, figure behind holding out arm, as later
inlaid dagger-
group of three 'flat cylinders', gold (perhaps for wrist), from earlier deposit,
'aryballos',
c),
on
ib.
marine types: crab, i. 696 (Fig. 518 g); conch shells and cockles, I. 696 (Fig. 518 h); four cockle-shells, I. 696 (Fig.
696 (Fig. 518
it, 11.
619 (Fig. 388)
group of three
I.
bull's
head with Double Axe rising from
565 seqq. she-goat in act of parturition, i. 695, 696 (Fig. 518 d)
oxen,
ewer, by Stepped Por-
793 (Fig. 517), 794 Treasure House: facing
tico, II. 792,
:
:
some of the Mycenae and 504: cornelian, Snake God-
associated with
finest intaglio designs at
952 (Fig. 921); prototype of Skylla, with features oi Hippocampus, I. 697, iv. 951-3 (Figs. 919-21) subjects of natural inspiration stems bent before breeze and rippling water, I. 697 (Fig. 519); tulip flower with wavy stalk, I. 696 (Fig. 518) animal motives and adjuncts: four little owls round stellar symbol rock border, I. 695, 696 (Fig. 518/); three heads of wolves (or dogs), i. 696 (Fig. 518 e)
la:
'flat cylinders',
IV.
cross
SEAL-STONES
[172]
IIU, Deposit of day seal imWest Temple Repository {cont.) fragment of impression with cordiform design compared with Zakro motives, I. 700 (Fig. 524, and cf. Fig. 523 a, b) spirited scene of mariner beating off sea monster from skiff, I. 697, 698 (Fig. 520),
Seal-stones,
—
iv.
125 (Fig. 79), 126
example of the group
'Hector slain by Achilles'
mann Mycenae,
see Schlie-
p. 174, Fig. 123)
from tomb, Kakovatos, 'Nestor's
solid gold finger-ring with oval bezel,
large tholos
known as 'Ring of Minoan Underworld,
entry
Pylos',
Nestor'
into
scenes divided
:
by boughs and trunk of 'Tree of the World' (Minoan Yggdrasil) with monster at foot ('one-headed Cerberus'): (i)
:
SEAL-STONES L.M.
Seal-stones,
SEAL-STONES
[173] la, gold signet rings (cont.)
Goddess with chrysalises and butterflies emblems of resurgence above, and young couple (2) guardian lion recumbent and two attendant AiaaKovpoL {see,
—
—
;
144/); (3, 4) the couple led by 'Grifiin-ladies' before enthroned too, II. 341, Fig.
Griffin Inquisitor, with
Goddess behind,
145 seqq. (Figs. 94-104); restoration of subject as fresco of Miniature Class III.
special details, chrysalises of white but-
148 n. 4 (Figs. 96, 97), 149, 151 I. 148 (Figs. 96, 98, 99), 150-2; short skirts, survival of terfly,
::
I.
Seal-stones,
Ill
fashion,
ill.
painted pottery of tomb,
146;
earliest
L.M.
la, ib.;
one offering her bianch from the tree two female attendants, one holding lilies and iris in field, double axe, small descending divinity with spear and 8shaped shield six lion-masks at side, and sun and moon in reserved compartment above, 11. 340, 341 (Fig. 194 e) (somewhat short skirts of M.M. Ill tradition) gold signet from Shaft Grave IV, Mycenae scene of heroic combat amidst rocks, iv.
—
piles,
:
;
551 (Fig. 511 ence,
bis);
presumed epic
refer-
ib.
Cylinder, agate, Kakovatos
(first appearance an ordinary seal form) warrior attacking lion, sword guided by Minoan
as
on tree, ib.; and cf. 11. 482, comparison with 'Golden Bough',
'sacral ivy'
483
la, gold signet rings (cont.)
on rocky
flowers, the other a
(Fig. 102); butterflies,
M.M.
L.M.
Kovpai)
:
Genius,
"483
462, 463 (Fig. 387)
iv.
;
parallel
and ornament of 'Ring of
on gold 'flat cylinder' from Shaft Grave III, Mycenae (with
Nestor' and 'Ring of Minos', iv. 948 (Fig. 915 a,b); consecutive series of
cylinders of 'talismanic' class, cornelian,
figure to warrior
identity in shape
separate religious scenes on both, iv. 949 gold signet-ring called 'Ring of
solid
Minos' found near Temple Tomb, Knossos; and consequent discovery of Tomb, IV. 962, 964; as on 'Ring of Nesshort skirts of
tor',
see IV.
Suppl.
M.M.
LXV
PL
Ill tradition,
and 950
L.M.
—
:
cised work), IV. 533 (Fig. 483) agate,
its
sacred tree,
down branch
(Fig. 924)
iv.
(2) 954 Goddess steering vessel, with hippocamp prow, bearing two small pillar shrines, ;
:
L.M. la heroes, 126);
figure
juice)
950 (Fig. 917), 951 seqq.; the sea indicated by reticulated pattern as on silver rhyton from Mycenae, &c., iv. 955, 956; seal impression from Knossos compared, Goddess reposing on reticulated waves, IV. 955, 956 (Fig. 925) gold signet-ring from Mycenae, Goddess seated beneath fruit-tree holding poppy capsules, with
little
handmaidens
{Aidcr-
re-
Mycenae (with
combat of two
aryballos),
125 and Fig. 80 a (opp. p.
Iii.
subject copied (with misunder-
stood details) by Hellenistic engraver on ivory bezel of silver swivel ring, from
a youthful
and a small female descends to her from above, iv. its
on one side
b,f,g) sardonyx, Shaft Grave III,
Canea tomb,
attendant holds out to her a flask (containing
roof, snakes 132 (Fig. 66)
calling 'granary' signs, IV. 62, Fig. 608
;
in pillar shrine
11.
(handle-like projection
across sea, iv. 950 seqq. Goddess seated on altar-ledge below rocky knoll crowned
by sacred tree
round hut with pointed
apparently at sides,
(Fig.
:
of
462
iv.
E. Crete, iv. 496 (Figs. 434, 435) Amygdaloids I early smooth-backed class: red and white cornelian (Crete) lion bringing down bull (strong, deeply in-
917); successive scenes referring to Goddess (i) nude female figure seated on
ledge of shrine and pulling
la aryballos),
of
'talismanic'
ib.
80
(Fig.
class
b)
(designs
execution) getting on to
of
M.M.
445 seqq. Amygdaloids II appearance of new :
grooves [sometimes with incised
rapid
Ill, iv.
class with
lines)
along
margin of back, TV. 495 (Fig. 432) rare examples of 'talismanic' series with grooved backs, L.M. la, iv. 495 sardonyx. Central Crete calves seated with heads in opposite directions, only upper part of hinder visible: tree behind :
:
SEAL-STONES L.M.
Amygdaloids II (cont.) in succeeding epoch), IV. 567 (Fig. 541 b). Fine work cornelian, Kastri, E. Crete: hunter lassoing horned ewe while suckling lamb: man wears short tunic (double flounced),
Seal-stones,
(scheme
jv.
SEAL-STONES
[174] la,
Red
from
—
and flying duck Sea, and Land', iv. 1018
spray. Argonaut
House
la)
cylinder
'Life
(Fig.
788 (Fig. 514))' chalcedony, clouded red, Athens, lion seizing fallow deer, executed with great PI.
532 (Fig. 481) and Suppl.
iv.
LV.
banded
11.
head
princely or sacerdotal personages, not-
ably at Knossos,
513 seqq.; Oriental
Ill
signet-ring
{see
impressions of 11. 767 (Fig. 498) found in the late Palatial deposits, ib. and see below ;
oval impression of 'the
Young
Minotaur',
seated on campstool, with hands in
atti-
404 seqq.; Scenes
now
quent:
iii.
schemes
become
fre-
contemporary
of
illustrations
work
appear,
'antithetic'
(derived from cylinders)
supplied
by
'Thisbe
Treasure' (from later sepulchral deposit)
'Vapheio
M.M.
iv.
illustrating heroic saga
the
of
above),
513-16, 816, 817 and genuineness, iv. 51517, 817 n. 2; chronological equations supplied by series of bead-seals from 818; for
its
Tomb' with L.M. now rare
pottery. Flat cylinders are 501).
A
lb (iv.
peculiar class, characteristic of
this epoch, that
now makes
appear-
its
ance are the proportionately thick and elongated amygdaloids of the 'grooved back' type (iv. 495). This type copied
tude of adoration (cf. Contemporary Frescoes); couchant rams apparently oflfered to him by male figure, 11. 763
to correspond clearly with the reign of
(Fig. 491)
Thothmes
youth holding cord attached to two seated mastiflFs,
11.
765 (Fig. 495); guardian
hounds of Cretan Goddess Diktynna, 765, 766
11.
female figure luring swallows with another attached to a string, rocky border below
and two conventional (Fig- 497) collared bitch standing
On
lilies
above,
11.
766
and looking back,
in gold in the
The L.M.
(see
Thisbe
series (iv. 513, 514)
lb ceramic style
shown
c. 1500-14508.0. Overlaps L.M. II at gradually transformed
III (iv. 276),
'Pottery').
Knossos and is 'L.M. Ic' elsewhere
into
Cylinder.
is
Banded
(see 'Pottery')
agate, Kakovatos, warrior
stabbing lion with short sword Minoan ;
Genius taking hold of
his sword-sheath,
IV. 462, 463 (Fig. 387) Flat Cylinder. Cornelian, Phaestos Cemetery,
Minoan Genius
carrying doe,
iv.
435
account of these parallels read preferably L.M. la, in description of Fig. 966 (iv. 1018). late Palatial element (see iv. 601, Nos. 3, 6,
7, 8,
II.
9,
from Hippopotamus Goddess Taand of long-robed
Urt), IV. 430seqq.;
4,
bezel
'
rived
note
Perhaps M.M. III6 Clay Sealings from L.M. la stratum, S.W. Basement Deposit.^ Clay matrix of the
r.
764, 765 (Fig. 493) (referred there,
This deposit also contained a stratum showing a 10, and probably 11).
^
General observations: principal vogue in this epoch of type of Minoan Genius (de-
see especially iv.
c).
flat
II)
sacred vestments,
434, 435 (Fig. 312
560. (This
cf. iv.
therefore have remained in
facing double axe above, on either side I.
seal),
lb:
intaglio
e
agate, Argive Heraion, bull's
may
L.M.
use to
L.M.
papyrus spray as
:
of Frescoes,
finesse,
of frequent recurrence,
deposit);
in the late Palatial 'Archives' deposit, iv.
966: tail-piece); ('knob-winged' butterfly resembling that of the Priest King
(L.M.
{cant.)
la stratum of
however (apparently from the same
wearing short
driving oxen, iv. 564 (Fig. 535) haematite, Knossos, butterfly over papyrus
L.M.
fine style, to
this
double-flounced tunic (early characteris-
Fresco
Clay Sealings from L.M.
603 (Fig. 597 b;);
man
jasper,
tic),
in the Air,
la.
la stratum, S.W. Basement Deposit
569 (Fig. 543).
Lentoids.
L.M.
Seal-stones,
common
(Fig.
358 a)
:
SEAL-STONES Seal-stones,
type,
lb (cont.)
(or
now
of
cornelian, Crete,
common
cow
use.
Cornelian,
licking hind-leg (re-
sembling Vapheio type),
iv.
560 (Fig.
523) haematite, Crete (1888), two lions couchant in reversed positions (resembles oxen
type on Vapheio, &c., lentoids), transition to 'elongated' class, iv. 585 (Fig. 570) ends square-cut and design set vertically: cornelian. Central Crete; Minoan Genii
and tree, iv. 453 (Fig. 377) banded cornelian (set vertically). Hydra: Minoan Genius between two attendant youthful figures, iv. 466 (Fig. 391) group of five gold specimens from 'Thisbe Treasure' Minoan Goddess (as Persephone-Gaia), holding poppy-capsules, assisted to rise from Earth by ;
youthful attendant,
458 (Fig. 319); Goddess with female attendants pouring liquid into jar from one-handled ewer, ill.
fruit-tree behind, in.
451 (Fig. 376 a); design connected with vegetation charms, ib. paralleled by type of L.M. II sealing from Knossos, in. 451 (Fig. 376 b), 452; Goddess (as Diktynna) shooting stag, iv. 577 (Fig- 561), 578; Goddess holding two waterfowl, back only shown, in. 516 (Fig. 460 d) huntsman spearing charging ;
;
575 (Fig. 552).
—group of three beads
elongated oval type in
gold
front),
plate
'Thisbe'
(perhaps
for
necklace
Tomb, with
heroic
scenes, III. 5 13 seqq. (a) Minoan Oedipus as youthful warrior attacking Sphinx, ;
513 (Fig- 457 «). 514; (b) the same attacking warrior in chariot with rocks IV.
above (Minoan Laios), b),
514;
(c)
513 (Fig. 457 scene apparently illustrating iv.
murder of Aigisthos and Klytemnestra by Orestes, iv. 514 (Figs. 458, 459), 515, 517. 518
— agate, H. Pelagia, W. of Knossos, huntsthis
lb,
Amygdaloid
(or 'glandu-
'grooved back' type (cont.)
amygdaloids were
cases, these elongated
cut out of ordinary cylindrical beads, with
much
bulging middle, such as were
in
vogue from the beginning of the Late
Minoan Age
— design,
set vertically, applied to a series
of figures of long-robed princely and sacerdotal personages sos,
haematite, Knos-
:
personage with bow,
iv.
413 (Fig.
342) similar, of haematite, holding axes of Syro-Egyptian type, Vatheia, W. of ;
Knossos,
IV.
(Fig. 343 a); Knossos,
414
by Room of the Throne dolphin beside :
figure, ib. (b);
Vapheio Tomb,
ib.
(c);
green jasper, Knossos, youthful personage in similar long robe holding Rock-
Dove,
IV.
405 (Fig. 336), 406 (Fig. 337
495 (Fig. 433, section and back) Vapheio Tomb, ecstatic female dancing figure, holding flute, in. 69
a, b),
cornelian,
(Fig- 39) Lentoids {selected examples)
Ritual Subjects cornelian, flounced figure of votary or
God-
dess holding horned sheep, iv. 571 (Fig.
545)
peaked helmet set with boars' tusks and with two ram's horns, cornelian, Vapheio
Tomb,
693 (Fig. 675) priestly personage
leading
Griffin (looking back towards
him) by
IV.
long-robed cord,
base,
Tomb,
Jasper, Vapheio
(Fig. 512) pair of Griffins tethered to
Mycenae,
11.
column on
785
altar-
in. 511 (Fig. 361), 514,
515; its relation to earlier Griffin Relief of Great E. Hall, ib. agate lentoid depicted
bearer of Fresco,
11.
on wrist of Cup705
Minoan Genius in various relations, chalcedony lentoid, carrying bull, iv. 435 (Fig. 358 b); carrying stag, between two stars, 441 (Fig. 361); serpentine, Crete, carrying lions on pole, iv. 522 (Fig. 468) E.M. Ill scheme, as applied to hunter, IV.
(Fig. 466) leading lion, 444 (Fig. 369) onyx, Vapheio Tomb, two Genii water-
and some other
ing nursling palms, sacral horns and
stabbing overthrown agrimi,
577 (Fig. 559). In
lar')
iv. 576,
-
man
L.M.
Seal-stones,
'grooved back'
'glandular')
Knossos, charioteer in chariot of Class B, IV. 815, 816 (Fig. 79s); similar from Vapheio Tomb, ib. 815, 816
lion, IV.
SEAL-STONES
[I7S]
L.M.
Amygdaloid
;;
:
ib.
;
,
SEAL-STONES Seal-stones,
L.M.
lb, Lentoids,
Ritual Subjects
basin in front: between lions seated on architectural
bases,
Mycenae,
iv.
461
Genius on either side of male be from Orvieto, IV. 465 (Fig. 389), 466; rock crystal from Phigalia, iv. 466 (Fig. 390); Lapis Lacedaemonius, Genius leading bull (first pub(Fig. 386)
;
divinity, crystal, said to
lished in M'llchhoier' sAnfdngederKunst),
442 (Fig. 368 a; Suppl. PI. LV a) agate, Crete Minoan Genius leading cow, IV. 443 (Fig. 368 b; Suppl. PI. IV.
banded
:
LV6) mottled agate, Crete: man leading bovine animal in similar manner to Genii, iv. 565, 566 (Fig. 536) types, lion,
Seal-stones,
L.M.
lb,
Lentoids, Bovine Types
(cant.)
(cont.)
Lion
SEAL-STONES
[176]
onyx, Vapheio
head turned back
speared
(as
seated
in case of
547 (Fig. 508)), iv. 547 cf. Fig. 508)
lion, iv.
(Fig. 509,
wounded 503 b) chalcedony,
and
;
anticipations of
scheme
in Crete, iv. 567
(Figs. 541 a, b); duplicated in Vapheio series, ib.
Lapis Lacedaemonius, Central Crete: cow licking hind foot, iv. 560 (Fig. 525) dark cornelian, similar type, iv. 560 (Fig. 524); similar type (cornelian) from Vapheio ;
Tomb,
ib.; earlier example on lentoid, 560 (Fig. 523); parallels on coin of Eretria, iv. 560 (Fig. 526), 561 (Fig. 528) Griffins in parallel scheme to Lions' Gate type, tethered in opposed position to
IV.
column (with section of entablature), on altar with incurved
their fore-feet set
Mycenae,
base, that supports the column,
511 (Fig. 361), 514; compared with M.M. lllb relief of East Hall, Knossos, III.
spirited design, iv. 545 (Fig.
and with lion-types in Zakro and Hagia Triada sealings, iii. 515, iv. 611
bearing
Crossed and opposed animals suggested by Baby-
type
lion
Mycenae,
down
Tomb:
(Fig. 539) haematite. Candid district, one struck by shaft, iv. 566 (Fig. 540), earlier
(without
arrow),
ib.,
(Fig. 599 a, b)
clouded
red:
lion
fallow deer, beautiful design with
great finesse of execution, iv. 532 (Fig. c. (The rather 481) and Suppl. PI.
LV
square forepart of the lion is taken over on the Vapheio sardonyx below) sardonyx, Vapheio
Tomb,
lonian Cylinder types {See
cornelian
lentoid,
lions
11 1.
515, 516) crossed
with
bodies, fighting for slaughtered stag,
iv.
LV
h, 586, 587 (Fig. 580 and Suppl. PI. sard lentoid) leaping bulls with crossed ;
flank, above, rocks,
bodies, iv. 586 (Fig. 578; Suppl. PI. g) sardon)fx, Crete, standing bulls
544, 545 (Fig. 500) maned lion with similarly rendered fore-
with crossed bodies, IV. 565 (Fig. 537) opposed animals (of similar origin), cor-
extract arrow
from
lion trying to
IV.
quarters, suckling cub, iv. 559 (Fig. 522 b) maned lion and cub,
haematite, Crete: goat's
head and shield, iv. 559 (Fig. 522 a)
green jasper, Crete: lion supporting bull in his mouth (cf Vapheio), IV. 583 (Fig. 572) jasper, Athens: lion seizing bull by neck, .
583 (Fig. 571) sardonyx, Vapheio IV.
bull,
III.
Tomb:
lion
seizing
123, 124 (Fig. 74) (a master-
piece of gem-engraver's Art)
Bovine Types. Red jasper, Rethymnos, Crete: bull with head thrown back (paralleled by Vapheio type), iv. Suppl. PI. LV k. banded agate, Crete: recumbent ox with another partly outlined behind its head turned back, graduated base, iv. 566
LV
nelian,
;
two
lions, antithetically set, seiz-
ing fallow deer by neck, (Fig. 580; Suppl. PI.
Minoan
iv.
586, 587
LV A)—finest
late
style
Outgrowth of 'antithetic' scheme, opposed bodies of animals with single head. Sard, Mycenae, lion-type, fore-feet on altar, iv. 586 (Fig. 577)
;
jasper,
with fore-feet on
Mycenae, Kriosphinx altar,
iv.
586 (Fig
576); sard, lion seizing horned sheep, head concealed, so that there appears to
be a one-headed
figure,
as above, IV.
585, 586 (Fig. 575; Suppl. PI. LV/) animals in reversed positions occupying
upper and lower section of field (compare Vapheio type: two reversed bulls.
— :
SEAL-STONES
L.M. 15, Outgrowth of Oriental scheme, opposed bodies of animals with single
L.M. lb. Signet-rings: gold {cont.) Axe and Sacral Knot, I. 432 (Fig. 310 c),
Seal-stones,
head (cont.) two reversed
lions),
Seal-stones,
III. 140 (Fig. 91), 141 Tiryns Treasure procession of four ewerholding Genii, bearing libations to seated Goddess, holding up chalice: frieze of half rosettes below: corner of altar and bird with lowered wings (symbol of
contorted bulls re-
versed, IV. 586, Suppl. PI. agate,
SEAL-STONES
[177]
LV
i\
:
yellow
Mycenae, two reversed groups of on horned sheep, iv. 532
lions preying
(Fig. 482)
one another round field by Vapheio types), cornelian Athens, man-bull and man-lion
above in reserved compartment, sun and moon, iv. 460
figures following
spiritual possession):
(paralleled
found
at
(Fig. 385) (cf. 393, Fig. 329), 461. (The processional arrangement is in keeping
in contorted position, iv. 589 (Fig. 586) Vapheio (possibly L.M. II)
Tomb
with the contemporary Egyptian style of
Signet-rings, stone:
wall-painting)
Mycenae (Cyclopean House):
chalcedony,
cows licking
pair of
in
calf,
Mycenae
pair of Griffins standing back to back and with heads turned backwards,
reversed
positions, iv. 553 (Fig. 515) and n. 2 Type (including stage without
spear,
iv.
(Fig.
419
car,
348),
early
example of
its
:
complete
II.
stage (as on tablet of Class B), with
bowed annex behind, nessed to
842 (Fig. 557)
Signet-ring, bronze:
from
bronze,
wild-goats har-
warrior with sword beside
it:
attitude like that
relief,
Ashmolean Museum, from Boeotia Goddess and descending boy-God with bow and dirk, female figure leaning on jar, rock and tree: above, ear and eye symbols,
holding
820 (Fig.
799) sardonyx, Avdu, near Lyktos: chariot of
Type C,
;
Great E. Hall, Knossos, but column omitted, ib.
of Griffins of stucco
bowed annex), sardonyx, Vapheio Tomb long-robed personage in
511 (Fig. 360), 513
III.
C
chariot.
:
near
'canopied was',
L.M. II {Knossian
driver, iv. 823 (Fig. 803)
Mycenae: bearded hero (reflection of Gilgamesh) holding up two lions, Mycenae, iv. 584 (Fig. 573)
jasper,
(c.
Knossos, showing 319 (Fig. 259)
'Palace Style', see Pottery)
1475-1400 B.C.) General observations: overlapped by L.M. lb (iv. 322); overlaps 'L.M. Ic' (iv. 294, &c. See Pottery);
much
Signet-rings, gold:
iv.
dated material supplied by series
Peronne Museum: two heroes combating
of Late Palatial deposits of clay sealings
lions, IV. 584 (Fig. 574) Thisbe, sepulchral deposit: lion bringing
(iv.
down
stag, iv. 532,
— Goddess
seated,
540 (Fig. 491) holding up poppy
Mycenae ring), two small handmaidens on each side of her, holding same, in one case also a necklace: female attendant seated to left and above, capsules (as on
iv. 598, 599, 604, 605 E. Little Palace Deposit, iv. 599, 600, 605, 606; signet types, illustrating ;
late Palace Cult, and antithetic schemes and feats of Taurokathapsia, much in vogue lentoid form overwhelmingly predominant types, often much convoluted, and cleverly adapted circular field, iv.
heavens (but without sun and moon):
Mycenae
signet scene,
:
11.
340, 341 (Fig. 194 d), 342 Tomb youthful attendant reach-
Vapheio ing
587, 588
:
down branch
of fruit-tree to ecstatic
;
589; cylinder
others suggestive of revolution,
IV.
—
only
slight survival
amygdaloids Goddess large shield to right, bead-seals, iv. 606 and above, combined symbol of Double ' Nos 4, and 14 of the list belong to a L.M. la stratum. figure of
iv.
East Hall Border Deposit,
curving, reserved section, indicative of later variant of
591 seqq.); A. S.W. Basement,
593, 601, 602'; B. Central Shrine Deposit (off Central Court), iv. 596, 602; C. Archives Deposit, iv. 596-8, 602, 604; D.
:
N
and
of
flat
elongated
:
:
SEAL-STONES L.M. II, General observations
Seal-stones, flat
SEAL-STONES
[178] (cont.)
Seal-stones,
Tomb
Isopata
pottery:
style
i,
Knossos, with Palace lion with two
fragmentary sealing, perhaps from signet Little Palace, E, showing two opposed lions resting their fore-paws on rocky peak like that on which the Goddess stands on the preceding signet types, IV. 610-12 (Fig. 597 A, i, upper part rering.
(Fig. 442), 501 flat cylinder, clay impression of. Deposit :
three (less probably, four as restored
in Figure) female adorants, iv. 603 (Fig.
597A,&)
— numerous
II, Signet^rings (cont.)
Little Palace
collared
attendants and 8-shaped shield, iv. 500
C
L.M.
winged shrine with bi-columnar central compartment, iv. 608 (Fig. 597 A, y):
cylinder chalcedony (gold mounted).
impressions from 'Archives
stored);
(C) represents
free
standing
b. j)
sculptural group in the round, iv. 612-
showing collared bitch from the same 'flat' cylinder as others from L.M. la stratum of A 6 an evidence of con-
14; comparison with Lions' Gate type, iv. 610, 611 (Fig. 599 a, b, c,), 613 (Fig. 600)
Deposit',
IV.
603 (C. 38, Fig. 597
—
gold
wing of
water-bird seized by cat-like animal, 116, 117 (Fig. 68) haematite, Crete: feline
water-bird,
iii.
animal chasing
117 (Fig. 69) (The spirited design of this and the preceding intaglios warrants their incluill.
L.M.
sion in
\b.
For near
relation of
types to duck-hunting scenes on Mycenae lii. 114 seqq.) impression of design,
dagger-blade, see
amygdaloid
vertically, four
young God (representing baetylic peak), between two lions similarly posed (probably from signet-ring), Knossos, D. 4,
set
Double Axes with redup-
arranged 608 (Fig. 597 A, d); ceiling pattern restored from it, iv. 614 edges
licated
round
symmetrically
rosette, C, iv.
(Fig. 601); set horizontally,
two
IV.
:
impression imperfectly preserved
fragmentary impression probably from gold signet: male adorant before two-
Tomb
:
'snake-frames' {see iv. 168 seqq.) plaited together; in exergual space below, two
opposed symmetric figures of calves with heads turned back, iv. 170 (Fig. 134), 171
:
596)
Royal
on various grounds, equated with L.M. II) two fore-parts of horned sheep antithetically placed with heads turned to one another, above triple (date of contents,
'
597 A, e): and see 11. 809 (Fig. 528) (remains of numerous examples) variants of same, iv. 607 Goddess richly apparalled, with hands raised: male adorant to left, B, IV. 603 (Fig.
608 (Fig. 597 A, K\ Dendra,
gold signet-ring,
sacral
knots on either side of palm-tree, C, iv. 608 (Fig. 597 A, ^) elongated oval, two oxen walking towards one another, a palm behind each, C, iv. 609 (Fig. 597 B, m, probably gold bead) Signet-rings clay impression Goddess on peak with lion supporters, male adorant before her, behind, pillar shrine with sacral horns. Central Shrine, B, iv. 608 (Fig.
to
architrave, with sacral knots attached, towards which their heads are turned, IV. 610 (Fig. 598 a); compared with agate amygdaloid from Mycenae with Goddess replacing baetylic pillar between the lions, IV. 610 (Fig. 598 b) seal impression: two antithetic lions resting their fore-paws on rocky peak, set on base supported by two pillars, iv. 608 (Fig. 597 A,y), and (with heads confronted, Knossos) cf. II. 524 (Fig. 327)
Amygdaloids haematite, Mirabello: expanded
Mycenae: two lions column showing part of
signet-ring,
tethered
tinued palatial use
•
Lentoid bead-seals {antithetic subjects in
reli-
gious connexion) large
Diktaean Cave (PsyGoddess standing between lions
chalcedony,
chro):
antithetically grouped, holding
up over
her head a 'snake frame' (as above) with
Double Axe
rising
from
its
centre.
On
either side of her. Griffins antithetically set
on raised
similar design
base, iv. 169 (Fig. 130);
on lentoid from
lalyscs,
SEAL-STONES Seal-stones, IV.
SEAL-STONES
[179]
L.M.
II,
169 (Fig.
compared
Lentoid bead-seals (cont.) 131);
Griffins
with painted stucco relief fromEastHall, Knossos, m. 511 (Fig.355) (tb.)
similar type, cornelian.
Tomb
Seal-stones,
on ledge
— two
Lentoid bead-seals [cont) as, iv.
pairs
of
grouped
antithetically
oxen, sealing, Knossos, C. 51, iv. 609 (Fig. 597 B, c) Griffins standing antithetically,
— two
by two lions standing (on the same base) on hind-legs, their fore-legs lowered: two specimens of identical
back one
cally flanked
to
design from, with pottery,
lb, iv.
space, Knossos, C. 15, IV 608 (Fig. 597 A, /): compare L.M. I signet-ring above
synchronous with early part of L.M. II: similar type
Lentoid bead-seals: convoluted types adapted
170 (Fig. 133
169,
(in
inferior
Knossos,
IV.
Museum):
b,
in
style)
L.M.
to
steatite,
small
banded agate
dess: curved line (resembling skipping-
rope) in front of Goddess, iv. 169 (Fig.
circular field:
597 A,/)
outstretched hands over two confronted lions (cf. IV.
467 (Fig. 391 bis)) white agate lentoid, site of Kydonia, similar design, iv. 467 (Fig. 391 bis) Lapis Lacedaemonius, Pyrgos, near Kydonia
God
stand-
ing above sacral horns, his hands on his
between winged goat and ewer467 (Fig. 392) same :
Knossos,
opposed
E:
two
hounds
in
positions, heads looking back,
with fore-feet similarly set on incurved altar between heads, star and 5 globules on either side, IV. 608 (Fig. 597 A, g) sard, Mycenae two lions with single, facing head, and with bodies in opposed positions, the fore-legs resting on altar with :
:
incurved
sides
(as
L.M.
\h
scheme
above), iv. 586 (Fig. 577)
— two
bovine animals with bodies antiand large bull's head above, between them, sealing, Knossos,
thetically placed
C. 50, IV. 609 (Fig. 597 B, g)
;
outgrowth
lily,
Knossos,
C
19, iv.
608 (Fig.
— Minoan Genius with man-lion and two animals' legs, Knossos, C. 13
:
see iv.
626
(Fig. 614)
— two doves seated on block with incurved Knossos, E. 605 — (fragmentary) galloping knot and 8-shaped Knossos, 609 — stagwith two knots, Knossos, D. altar
sides,
4, iv.
bull,
shield,
sacral
IV.
sacral
IV.
609 (Fig. 597
8,
B, I): see, too, iii.
557
(Fig- 562)
— and fluted column, 603 — horned sheep before lion
Knossos, C.
24, IV.
fluted column, 8-shaped shield symbol infield, Knossos,
style as preceding.
sealing,
rock
lion,
Rethymnos, iv. 588 (Fig. 585) Various subjects of a religious nature. Forearm with bracelet and hand holding sacred
IV.
Contorted
;
Knossos, A: Goddess raising hands to necks of two lions, antithetically grouped, their heads turned towards her, IV. 608 (Fig. 597 a, c) Knossos, D. 3: young God laying his
holding Genius,
inter-
Jasper,
132) seal impression,
sides
in
Knossos, iv. 588 (Fig. 583); contorted bull round globule, iv. 588 (Fig. 584) Galloping bull, head thrown back,
(Kassel
on either side of God-
(Benaki Museum), young
bird
crested
crystal,
fore-parts of lions antitheti-
cally projecting
heads turned to
their
(Mycenae)
c);
brown
back,
another,
170 (Fig. 133a)
type,
parallel
—
II,
586 (Fig. 577)
375, Kalkani
Cemetery, Mycenae, but Goddess on graduated architectural base, antitheti-
L.M.
of single-headed, two-bodied type
—
D.
317 (Fig. 208, and cf. 209) from Corridor of Bays (shield
6, III.
sealing
omitted), Knossos, C, similar
(agate
iii.
317 (Fig. 209);
lentoid):
'Chieftains-
Grave', Zafer Papoura, referred to, iv. 604, D. 6; similar to last (agate lentoid), by same hand, from near Gortyna (cf. IV. 604, D. 4, A.E. Coll.) hound on base, flying bird in front, 'impaled triangle' symbol above, haematite, Crete, IV.
581 (Fig. 569), 582 horned sheep and wild-goat in
sealing,
interlocked
positions
accompanied by
8-shaped shield and 'impaled triangle'
:
SEAL-STONES Seal-stones,
L.M.
Various subjects of a
II,
religious nature (cont.)
570 (Fig. 544
and 605, D. 21
c),
similar seal impression.
— horned-shaped
:
of
miller's,
the
'granary'
group of the Linear Script B, with Griffins antithetically set on either side, IV. 624 (Fig. 611, and cf. Fig. 608 c, d)\ identified as signet of Palace granary ib.
human head and
part of
body with large barley corn in field to right, Knossos (upper filling of Magazine X), iv. 626 (Fig. 613); similar with two grains in field, Knossos, F. 11 leonine
(Little Palace), iv.
605
— several similar Knossos, C. 604 — germinating grain (apparently of Knossos, E. 626 615) — Minoan Genius, with paw upraised, grains,
65,
66, IV.
barley),
(Fig.
12, iv.
before large similar grain, Knossos, E. 10, IV.
to right with linear sign
Y in front (associated with cereal group), IV. 623 (Fig. 609 b, c, d) Transport and navigation: Sealing, chariot
and horses with charioteer and personage beside him reduced to pulp by effects of flood-water: found in 'Magazine of :
Chariot Tablet', Knossos, sealing (fragmentary)
horse,
Knossos
(Fig. 809)
:
single
—
II. 244 (Fig. 141), IV. 827 (Fig. 805) similar vessel with furled sail (without
16,
N. Entrance
horse), Knossos,
with deposit of Class Cattle pieces
and
B
Passage,
Tablets,
11.
244
827 (Fig. 806)
single beasts.
suckling and licking
Knossos,
D
Sealing: cow,
calf, in
conventional
(Fig. 597 C. 52 (6 specimens), E. 31 sealing: man leaning on fence surveying bull, Knossos, A. 11, iv. 564 (Fig. 532) boy leading walking beast (cancelled by attitude,
13, iv.
604
B, d); also
—
9
sign: Class B), Knossos, C, iv. 564
(Fig.
533) — boy milking cow, Knossos, 564 534) — two walking on
C. 46,
iv.
(Fig.
bulls
1.
architectural
base with facing ox-heads, Knossos, N.
Entrance Passage (with tablets of Class B), IV. 568 (Fig. 542 a)
— recumbent
ox, with head turned away from spectator (compare above specimen from Temple Repository, iv. 567 (Fig. 541 d), M.M. III6), Knossos, D. 9 recumbent ox with another behind in reversed position, head turned away from
—
spectator (as
L.M.
\b scheme), Knossos,
566 (sealings D. 11, &c.) bull with head turned back against his flank, on architectural base with bands bearing spiraliform decoration, from Entrance of Royal Tomb, Isopata (L.M. IV.
626 (Fig. 614)
— fore-part of ox
vessel,
Tablets, a Syrian fashion, Knossos, E.
(Fig. 141 b), IV.
Granary Department. Lentoid. Crete, presumably from Knossos, hard dark green micaceous stone Bull with head turned round and near hind-leg raised towards it: in the upper field bifid cereal sign
heads above,
masted with rowers and deck shelter, and superposed figure of horse, its tufted mane resembling that of those on Chariot
13, IV. 151 (Fig. 116)
superintendent,
Transport and navigation
60, IV.
—
sealing: facing
II,
— horse with two horses' Knossos, C. 604 — (incomplete) transport
object, like Cornucopiae,
with flowered mouth, Knossos, C. 64 (a sacral vessel), iv. 604 pillar horizontally placed above two animals in reversed positions, Knossos, C. 18, IV. 603 sealing: three serpents with cauldron-like object above, upside down, Knossos, E.
(probably
L.M.
Seal-stones, [cont.)
symbols, Knossos, East Hall Deposit, ly.
SEAL-STONES
[i8o]
iv. 609,
615
fore-part of bridled
(Little Palace), iv.
828
—
II pottery), iv. 562 (Fig. 530): twelve
examples Episodes of the Taurokathapsia. Three-sided clay sealing, Fifth Magazine, Knossos:
hero with conical helmet and Minoan loin-clothing, grappling bull by horns
and
raising its
L.M.
whole body: of finest S countermark of
II style: barred
::
SEAL-STONES L.M.
Seal-stones,
Episodes of the Tauro-
II,
kathapsia (cont.) iii.
617 (Fig. 604
230, 231 (Fig. 163), On two smaller
b).
B graffiti, one sign group beginning with 'throne' green jasper lentoid, Mycenae: similar design, but the grappling figure is bareheaded and he is distinguished by a prosides linear
nounced proto-Armenoid 230, 231 (Fig. 164 a) agate (said to be from
man
profile,
ill.
Cup
scene on Vapheio
Peloponnesos) B),
188 (Fig.
ill.
132)
Knossos, C, youth leaping forward and seizing bull's horn, iv. 609 (Fig. 597 B,k) sealing, Knossos (countermarked by balance sign and with Graffito Linear B on back) coursing bull with arms of acrobatic figure stretched out towards bull's back (the rest of figure missing probably from amygdaloid seal), iv. 6 17 (Fig. 604 a) agate intaglio (said to be from Peloponnesos) two coursing bulls and acrobatic figure executing back somersault over the back of one. At side standing figure stretching out arms as if to help performer, ill. 218
sealing,
—
:
:
;
and
cf.
212 (Fig. 144).
Taureador Fresco,
ill.
(Perhaps of L.M. Ill
fabric)
Knossos, E. 22 (with many other of Taurokathapsia scenes):
sealing,
fragments
man
leaping on fore-part of bull, in field
sacral knot
and 8-shaped shield symbols,
IV. 609 (Fig. 597 B, a) Animals, &c. Various. Wounded lion, arrow not shown: spirited design, Kalkani, Mycenae Tomb 515: in ceramic asso-
ciation
synchronous with early L.M.
545 (Fig. 503
II,
544-6) sealing: two lions attacking bull, Archives Deposit, Knossos (not in list below), iv. IV.
h) {see ib.
534. 535 (Fig- 487) collared hound and
attendant:
green
381 (Fig. 569), 382 sealing dog with spray below, Knossos, C. :
Various
— collared
bitch and two puppies, one above (lentoid form complete), Knossos, E. 37, iv. 606 bitch suckling pup, Knossos, E. 36, iv. 606 dog seizing stag by neck, Knossos, C see in field
— — version 524 — couchant wearing turned back, Knossos, E. — two looking later
:
(Fig. 471)
of, iv.
lion
collar,
head
in opposite
lions seated,
Knossos, C. 33 (several examples), IV. 601 lion leaping on bull, Knossos, C. 25, 35, directions,
— D. 604, 605 — seizing Knossos, C. 31 603 — boar behind, Knossos, C. 603 — boar walking Knossos, C. 603 — head of horned sheep surrounded by 15, IV.
deer, naturalistic foliage,
lion
(several), iv.
to
tree
right,
36, IV.
37, iv.
r.,
spray, apparently suspended bar, Knossos, C. 40, IV.
from cross-
603 (Fig. 597
B, h)
Waterfowl, and other birds. Sealing (half-large sealing): waterfowl and reeds, Knossos,
A.
—
13, IV.
609 (Fig. 597
B, e: restored)
two in upper compartment, among reeds with papyrus sprays, iii. 117 (Fig. 67), iv. 615 large sealing
:
three waterfowl,
(Fig. 602)
green jasper, Knossos: group of ducks and papyrus sprays, iii. 116 (Fig. 66 a), IV. 492 (Fig. 427) above types reflection ;
of Egyptian wall-paintings,
haematite
ill.
Crete:
lentoid,
114 seqq. waterfowl
spreading wings for flight: clump of reeds behind, sealing:
ill.
116 (Fig. 66
two ducks in reversed
b)
positions,
Kjiossos, E. 41, IV. 606 flying bird (uncertain), Knossos,
— D. 25, E. 606 — fragmentary, apparently two conjoined 39, IV.
birds, Knossos,
D.
24, iv. 605
Fish. Sealing: flying-fish, Knossos, C. 62, iv.
jasper lentoid. Central Crete, iv. 380,
39, IV. 602
Animals, &c.
II,
25, iv. 606
lassoing bull (derivative version of
(Fig. 150)
L.M.
Seal-stones, (cont.)
Linear Script B, IV.
SEAL-STONES
[i8i]
604 two fish
in reversed positions,
Knossos,
E. 40, IV. 606 Circular type, designed for lentoid field too,
L.M.
\b animal types).
(cf.,
Contorted
SEAL-STONES L.M.
Seal-stones,
Circular type (cont.)
II,
rock
Knossos,
(Fig. 583; Suppl. PI.
interment containing
L.M.
crystal,
604
C. 32, intaglio
:
similar,
:
D.
(Fig. 383),
Central Crete,
iv.
Suppl. PI.
437), 499 Lentoids. Pale yellow cornelian, with gold
hoop or
ring, uncertain provenance' (Franks Coll. B.M.): Goddess in long robe seated on lion's head, between anti-
;
thetic lions, IV.
come from Mycenae: standing figure of Goddess in shorter robe between antithetic lions,
inter-
spaces, IV. 589 (Fig. 587): sealing (half), similar man-bull in contorted position,
interlocking figures of man-lion
sacral knot above, iv. 402 (Fig. 334) rock crystal, Idaean Cave Votary blowing conch-shell before altar-base on which
and man-bull, suggestive of revolving
are sacral horns with three sprays (sacred
motion,
trees)
Knossos, E. cornelian
L.M.
402 (Fig. 333)
pale yellow cornelian, said to
;
symbols in
Harbour Town of Knossos: by hound while suckling
man-stag in Minoan loin-clothing, running animal, and seated Sphinx: of Cretan execution and types, iv. 498 (Fig.
505 Sybrita, Crete, IV. 504 (Fig. 448); Lapis lacedaemonius, Diktaean Cave (Psychro), iv. 589 (Fig. 537) similar man-bull, 8-shaped shield, triangle'
subjects
kid,
Minotaur, back-somersault types (of Nilo-
and 'impaled
Knossos,
seized
'stag'
LVj tic origin), iv. 504,
of
426 (Fig. 351) haematite,
bulls in reversed positions, iv.
E.
Orientalizing
:
but chariots with bowed appendage as on Knossian tablets of Class B, iv. 425,
587 (Fig. 581)
symmetrically grouped,
460
Astrakous,
Cypro-Minoan
17,
head drawn towards hind-legs,
two
other ewer,
haematite,
iv.
Knossos, D. 20, iv. 605 haematite: two agrimis' heads symmetrically grouped with that of horned sheep. intaglio:
(with
:
wild-goat (agrimt) in contracted
position,
showing
Minoan Genius bearing
:
603
IV.
contorted bull, round globule,
Ilia, Cylinders {cont.)
Crete,
about to pour libations over baetylic pillar before standing man-bull flying dove above Cypro-Minoan style, iv. 458, 459
16,
but facing head, Knossos,
588 (Fig. 584); sealing, Knossos, D. similar, without globule, iv. 604 sealing:
figures)
II pottery
:
IV.
haematite,
iv.
sealing lion of similar type, Knossos,
L.M.
Seal-stones,
588 LV7); found with
lion,
SEAL-STONES
[182]
:
14, iv.
605
:
behind: r. and 1. of altar, a star and another base with painted projection above, and behind votary a sacred tree,
589 (Fig. 586)
iv.
Illa:
General observations: although lying outside the true palatial history of Knossos, a series of seal-stones belonging to this
I.
by miniature specimens from
M.M.
terra-cotta
phase, chiefly with religious subjects, are
here referred
to,
and a
class of
cylinders are here included.
221, 222 (Fig. 167) (ritual conch-shell
illustrated
haematite
Since, too,
course of the local culture went on for a
in neck
while with
nia,
of
L.M.
seal-stones
from those
W.
of
Chamber Tomb, Hagia Knossos, with L.M. Ilia
pottery fantastic hunting scene in papy:
rus thicket,
man
carrying Griffin, and
below,
female figure on cantering animal with
bushy
tail, iv. '
Not
come from Mycenae
on
:
bull with dagger stuck
altar-block,
IV.
41 (Fig. 26), 42
agate lentoid.
497 (Fig. 436) 'said to
Mycenae
banded agate (debased execution): Arkhanes, sacrificed bull on table, iv. 41 (Fig. 25): green steatite, Candia Museum, similar subject, horned head, &c.,
II is often great
Cylinders. Haematite, Pelagia,
210
head with bucrapalm-tree behind of advanced conventional form, IV. 41 (Fig. 24)
change, the difficulty in
its
iv.
base) cornelian,
distinguishing
shrine),
(Fig. 162) (illustration of incurved altar-
in spite of the fall of the Palace, the
little
II
(similar ,
as IV.
402
late
Chamber Tomb, Mycenae style):
(Figs. 333
and
long-robed priest
334).
:
SEAL-STONES Seal-stones,
L.M.
L.M.
IIIa, Lentoids (cont.)
L.M. IIU
Seal-stones,
making incision into entrails boar, laid on sacrificial table, as last,
[cont)
L.M.
—
(haruspex)
style of the close of
of a
derivative of the Knossian 'Palace Style'
IV. 572, 573 (Fig- 53°) III6:
of
stray sealings belonging to this phase
may have
L.M.
II,
III6
and presenting
itself a
at times the
tell-ta'e 'three Cs'.
'Reoccupation Period' of Knossos. General observations: It is always possible that
.
SEAL-STONES
[183]
intruded themselves
among
L.M.
\\\c (term here applied to concluding
L.M.
Ill phase, including Cretan 'proto-
Geometrical')
Gpld signet-ring of Minoan type
(oval bezel
the scattered remains of the true Palatial
at right angles to
deposits (L.M. II). For an isolated seal
taglio.
impression attributed to this phase (lion springing on bull) from the Little Palace,
near Vrokastro, E. Crete (E. H. Hall),
535 (Fig. 467). The most important remains were from the Lapidary's Workshop, S.W. Basement, show-
(Fig. 108 d: bronze ring of
see IV. 534,
II.
iv. 594, 595, in-
cluding unfinished intaglio with cow and calf design (Fig. 590).
used for
On
clay nodule
dog seizing quarry, couchant oxen, goats, horned sheep, and part of conventional palmtrial
pieces were a
tree, IV.
595 n. I Referred to this epoch is also the cornelian lentoid from Arkhanes, IV.
animal and ducks illustrating a further advance of L.M. II convoluted types. A remarkable dark steatite lentoid (transitional to
588 (Fig. 582),
137 (Fig. 70
Karakovilia,
and
B, 13), 138,
cf.
198
Minoan type
Bosnia) It
may be
of typical
notfed that the
Minoan
manufacture
bead-seals of hard
stones also survived to this transitional
Age. In other contemporary tombs of Vrokastro were found two seal-stones, one a cornelian amygdaloid, the other agate of exceptionally broad amygdaloid
form with what appear
to be degenerate
vegetable motives.
Forms and material of and
Bead-seals.
chronological place in above
feline
amygdaloid) lately found in Knossos district, here given in inset, shows a
Chamber Tomb,
with engraved pattern from Glasinatz,
ing steatite bead-seals of lentoid form in
process of manufacture,
hoop) but without in-
list
Primitive three-sided type of irregular fabric, steatite,
Whorl of
E.M.
I
irregular
fabric,
green
steatite,
E.M.I Cylinders of indigenous type, with lateral perforation, steatite
E.M. Ill Compact three-sided in
E.M.
E.M.
II,
clay,
E.M.
II,
type, better executed,
materials,
soft
baked
steatite
and
ivory,
III
Bottle or pear-shaped seals (forerunners of 'signet' type), steatite
and
ivory,
E.M.
II-M.M. la Animal types
(bulls
and sheep couchant, apes,
fore-parts of swine), mostly ivory, begin Steatite bead-seal
L.M.
from near Knossos Ill b (f)
E.M.
II,
E.M.
Bird's-head, ivory,
Ill
E.M.
II
Birds (Dove and young), ivory,
E.M.
Ill
highly convoluted and ornamentalized
Lion couchant, ivory (imitations of proto-
design of an Argonaut with its three fish. This design is of great
Little
tentacled
Argonaut types of the Ceramic 'Late Revival' interest as a glyptic version of the
Egyptian draught-pieces), E.M. Ill Owl, ivory, E.M. Ill Cylinder of Oriental type, imitated in gold,
E.M.
Ill
.
SEAL-STONES
SEAL-STONES
[184]
Seal-stones, Bead-seals [cont)
Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.)
Conoids, steatite and ivory, E.M. Ill,
M.M.
Hemi-cylinder (an Egyptian type), of ivory,
M.M.
with engraved spiraliform pattern below, la
M.M.
'Button' seal, black steatite,
M.M.
three-sided
type
(soft
I
stones),
2th Dyn. Egyptian scarab (amethyst) used by Minoan engraver for hieroglyphs of
M.M.
Cretan Class A,
Minoan Thick,
Ih
imitations in ivory and soft stone,
M.M.
Ill,
16
HI, con-
L.M.
in
lllb
Cylinders'
'Flat
similar
(in
M.M.
hard
lib,
stones,
M.M. HI
(masterpieces of design seen on this L.M. la,b, L.M. II (decadent
type),
example found in Tomb at Kalkani, Mycenae, L.M. III6. A.E.) Amygdaloids first come into vogue (on hard :
L.M. la
M.M.
Ill (in
M.M.
III6-
largely used for talismanic sub-
jects).
The
backed
class,
are of a smoothbut in L.M. la their back appears framed with grooved borders (perhaps imitative of plum-stones A.E .) In L.M. II they become rarer, lentoid impressions largely predominating in earlier
.
flat-sided
faces), ivory
M.M.
Ilia,
usually of steatite
stones) in
la, b
116,
tinuing to
also haematite),
Solid gold 'weight seal' (Egyptian gold unit)
Elongated
E.M. HI), M.M. L.M.
(ivory)
small for the finger
M.M.
M.M.
lib,
I
ceptionally found of steatite already in
with engraved oval facet, M.M. la; prototype of Minoan signet-rings with oval bezel at right angles to hoop, which itself is often too
1
L.M.
Lentoids, mostly in similar hard stones (ex-
la
Tubular bead
M.M.
above),
disks'
overlapping
Ilia
disks
and
on both
(designs
soft stone,
M.M.
la
'Tabloids' with slightly rounded faces (re-
rock crystal, amethyst, and jasper, first in use by Minoan engravers in
late Palatial deposits at Knossos (a remarkable specimen in dark steatite of a form transitional between the amygdaloid and lentoid shapes, recently found near Knossos, shows a decorative design largely suggested by an argonaut type
MM. II
and
garded as prototypes of class),
Hard
'flat
cylinder'
MM. la
stones, as agate, cornelian, chalcedony,
general
Forms
of seal in use in
M.M.
II for
advanced
Hieroglyphic inscriptions (B) flat-sided disks, prisms elongated (three-sided), do. four-sided 'signet' types, types with convoluted backs. (Similar types on M.M. II bead-seals also used for natural sub:
jects)
Abnormal
lentoid bead form, yellow steatite,
inlaid with red material
(M.M. Ha,
poly-
chrome pattern) Lion-shaped type, amethyst, M.M. II Outgrowth of prism type with three slightly bossed engraved faces tapering towards ends; red cornelian subjects often
'talis-
paralleled
by a
series of vase designs
of the 'Late Revival'
(iv. 296 (Fig. 231 573 (Fig- 311))- The pure amygdaloid type in agate and cornelian is shown
<^.
<^).
from
finds in the late cemetery of Vro-
H. Hall) to have survived (like Minoan type of ring) down to the latest 'Sub-Minoan' phase, L.M. Ilk kastro (E.
the
(A.E.)
Elongated amygdaloid type (grooved back), generally succeeds the normal type in
L.M.
16 (taken over for engraved gold
beads
at
L.M.
II.
Thisbe and Knossos). Survives (Also described as 'elongated
oval')
M.M. III-L.M. la (surviving example in Vapheio Tomb) Flat-sided disks in hard stones (agate, corne-
Cylinders of Oriental type (longitudinally
rock crystal), slightly bossed
Cylinders of haematite (Oriental tradition)
on both
with designs both purely Cretan and
manic',
lian, jasper,
faces,
faces
design,
exceptionally,
(derivative
of
'thick,
flat-sided
bored and engraved round circumference), cornelian
and
agate,
L.M.
Cypro-Minoan, L.M. Ilia, b
la, b
SEAL-STONES Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.) Illustrative subjects
and
After-world, scenes III.
Seal-stones, Bead-seals [cont.)
details (short selection)
on 'Ring of Nestor',
of,
Antithetic types, IV. i6g, &c.
Architectural types,
564, 565, 684, 685;
I.
'triple gradation',
686-9; with 'thea-
I.
689 (Fig. 509); 694, 695
capital,
with spiral dadoes,
I.
I.
Aspergillum (holy-water sprinkler),
11.
792, entreating
of Goddess dominion Axe (Double) rising from bull's head, i. 434, 435, IV. 244; placed above with sacral robes on either side, ib. attribute
793:
spiritual
Axe
215, 216 (on gold signet and Thisbe
Bull grappled by hero
him from the ground,
raises
iv.
230,
23 1 Feats of Theseus and Herakles with Cretan and Marathonian bull compared, ;
Ants in reversed positions on ivory bead (reflection of 7th Dynasty 'button' seals), IV. 510
and
III.
gold bead-seal).
who
146 seqq.
tral' pillar
SEAL-STONES
[i8s]
'
(single-bladed), of Syro-Egyptian type,
held by long-robed priest-princes,
413-19 Boar on sacrificial table haruspex making
iv.
230
IV. 229,
Butterfly
(see, too,
ill. 148; above comparison with that of
Chrysalis),
flower, IV. 1018;
Priest-king fresco, ib.,
and
ib.;
emblem
of
life,
80; on gold scales from
cf. ill.
Mycenae Shaft Grave
III, allusion to
weighing of souls eyed butterfly of clay :
sealing, in. 149-51; butterflies
garded as
'little
re-
still
souls' in Crete, in. 151,
152 (and cf. 148, 149) head (dressed for table),
Calf's
iv. 491 Cat pursuing ducks (inspired by Egyptian
Chita),
117
III.
Cat badge accompanied by royal
207
(Fig.
a),
title, I.
277
278
.
:
in-
cision in entrails, iv. 572, 573
Cattle-pieces base,
Boar hunt, iv. 473, 474 Boars, group of three (fine M.M. Ill style), IV. 572 (Fig. 549) with young, sealing, ib.
tions, IV.
(Fig- 548) Boxing scene, of arena,
ib.
;
Grand Stand
pillar,
Group on architectural stepped
:
566; kine in reversed posi565-7; fragment of 'prize ox' 564 (Fig. 532); boy milking
IV.
scene, iv.
cow,
IV.
564 (Fig. 530) boy leading beast, ;
(Fig. 533) man driving three oxen, ib. (Fig. 535); man leading ox by rope, iv. ;
champion shown, I., 691 (Fig. and cf. IV. 512 (Fig. 456 a, b (Hagia
565 (Fig. 536); Minoan Genius leading
Triada sealings, M.M. Illb); Martial Combat on Mycenae signet, i. 691 (Fig.
368); do., leading cow, ib.; two lowing oxen in crossed positions, iv. 565 (Fig.
513) (L.M. la); a later adaptation of the spectacular scheme, ib.
tions, palm-trees' in
and
fallen
512),
Boy-God,
see
under Goddess
Bull, sacrificial, with knife stuck in
;
Bull of taurokathapsia in net, iv. 574 bursting through barrier, ib. :
;
Coursing bull with acrobatic figures above, I. 636, IV. 218, 219; performer turning back somersault over bull's back while an assistant figure stands by with outstretched hands,
I.
694
(sealing,
Temple
Repository); agate lentoid, iii. 218; Circus scene of Taureador Fresco compared, ib. charging bull with overthrown performer below, sacral knots in field, ;
—
manner,
443 (Fig.
iv.
537); oxen walking in different direcbackground, signet
impression,
neck on
showing bucrania, iv. 41 ritual sacrifice of, in arena by Minoan matador, IV. 40, and see ill. 226 altar,
bull in similar
597
B,
Knossos,
iv.
609
(Fig.
m)
Ceiling patterns, relation of, to seal-types,
11.
203, 204, 207; 'Template' used for, with
Egyptian
'tree' sign, 11.
203
Chalice: with symbolic circle above, offered
Goddess,
to seated
11.
clay matrix, Knossos)
;
767, iv. 395 (on similar type, Za-
II. 768; held by seated Goddess (Tiryns signet-ring), iv. 393, 460
kro,
Chariots, &c.
Thisbe,
:
Type B (Knossos), iv. 816; 817. Type C (Vapheio), iv.
iv.
820 (Avdu),
IV.
823
:
drawn by wild-
goats
Chrysalis
(see,
too, Butterfly):
pearance of on
Minoan
symbolic ap-
signets
:
on 'Ring
1
;
SEAL-STONES
Seal-stones, Bead-seals {cont)
Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.)
of Nestor',
White
iii.
148 (Fig. 96), 149-51 (of
on Vapheio ring. III. 92), 142 (also on parallel
butterfly);
140, 141 (Fig.
signet scenes recently discovered, A. E.) in gold
from Mycenae Chamber Tomb,
149, 151 (Fig. 102); gold pendants.
III.
Third Shaft Grave, Mycenae. (As emblems of resurgence peculiar to Minoan Religion) Cockle-shells,
Column,
696 (Fig. 518 A, i) or menhir, 'baetylic' as repre-
i.
pillar,
and
manic' class of bead-seals, iv. 447-50; held by Minoan Genii (as rain-bringers), IV.
451-60
Fable, illustration of, recognized in episode
of goat and dog, iv. 508, 509 Fallow deer {Cervtis dama) represented in
Minoan seal-type (not Red
deer), iv. 578,
579 horned fallow deer suckling young, IV. 558, 559 Fish (flying), in. 129, 130; compared with ;
Phylakopi fresco, in. 129, Fish, in rocky pool,
iv. 604, no.
62
visible
697, iv. 490, 491; in reversed positions, iv. 606, no. 40
161;
Fish, Skaros, or 'Parrot Wrasse' (amidst sea-
horned sheep tethered to, in. 317; libations poured over by Minoan
weed), I. 677, IV. 494 Fisherman, holding octopus and parrot wrasse {skaros), Knossos, I. 677, iv. 494 Flying bird: Masterpiece on Hagia Triada
sentative of divinity
cured,
temporary
ritually se-
its
habitation:
within temenos or shrine,
I.
160,
sacrificial
Genii, iv. 454, 455, 459; in front of seated Goddess, iv. 393, 460; replacing divine figure between antithetic lions, IV.
610-13 (Lions' Gate type); between
Griffins, in. 511 (Fig. 361,
3SS)'
(-^^^i
Column with
^""i
cf.
Fig.
under Religion)
Grand Stand type 689 (Fig. 509) Knos-
I.
Temple Repository
sos.
Conch-shells,
and
capital of
(see Frescoes),
—
of,
70s (Fig. 441) Cynocephalus, adorant (Egyptian types),
11.
:
ecstatic, in. 68, 69,
140
Dendra (Mideia) gold signet-ring from, iv 17 'Diaskourai', twin girl attendants of Minoan .
,
Goddess, n. 340, 341 (Fig. 194), 342, ni. 154 {see
Hound)
on
late
prism
;
of 'talismanic' class
seal, IV.
542 (Fig. 495
e);
in Palatial deposits, IV. 605, no. 25, 606,
no. 39 Frescoes and painted stucco reflected in seal motives
reliefs
(Minoan)
scenes of bull
:
toilette
scene of class of 'Ladies in Blue'
(M.M.
III), IV. 518 (Fig. 46ifl,i); duck-hunting scenes, probably of similar
above) Gallop (flying) on seal-types,
i.
716; specially
Minoan Art, i. 713 seqq. Galopetras or 'milk stones', name applied by Cretan peasants to Minoan seal-stones, characteristic of
iv.446, 485 n.
I
.
(The lighter hues are pre-
ferred for their talismanic virtues. A.E.)
Genius,
Minoan
{see,
too,
heading), iv. 430-67.
under separate
Type derived from
Hippopotamus Goddess Ta-Urt, though
Doves, seated facing on incurved altar-block, IV. 605, no. 4; one held by long-robed Priest-king, iv. 405 (Fig. 336),
sealing, iv. 490, 491
origin, in. 115 seqq. (for Flying-fish see
III.
794 Dancers
i.
sports with acrobatic figures {see above),
sealing
122 (Fig. 167), 696 (Fig. 210 (ritual use of)
I.
518 /j), IV. Cornucopiae, iv. 604 (no. 64) Crab, I. 696 (Fig. 518^) Cup-bearer (fresco), lentoid agate on wrist
Dog
SEAL-STONES
[i86]
406 (Fig.
337); recognized as Rock-dove, ib.; ivory pendant seal in form of dove with
young, I. 117, IV. 486, 487 Duck-hunting, Nilotic scenes, in. 116, 117, IV. 492; taken from wall-painting, in.
"5 Ewers (beaded and high-spouted) on
'talis-
Minoan creation, iv. 431 seqq.; pregnant outline of body in cases prelargely a
served, IV. 434, 435; astral relation still indicated by stars and ox-legs {Khopsh
sign of Set, Great Bear constellation), 441, and cf. 436, 437; beneficent nature of as leaders and carriers of aniIV.
mals, IV. 441-4; ewer-bearing as waterers
of vegetation, iv. 445-7 (relation to talismanic class of vegetation charms, iv. 445-
;:
SEAL-STONES
;:
SEAL-STONES
[187]
Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.)
Minoan (co«<.)
Seal-stones, Bead-seals, Goddess,
Genius before grain of barley, iv. 626; Ministers of Goddess, iv. 460, 461 of youthful God, iv. 465-r7 as magical
with boy-God (adolescent and child) youthful figure armed with spear before seated Goddess, in. 464; tiara'd youth
52);
;
protector of hero attacking lion,
assisting
iv. 462,'
Goddess
to
rise
from
earth,
boy-God above brandishing bow and holding up disk with child on
463 (Fig. 387); between antithetic lion guardians, iv. 461; between youthful
with
attendants, IV. 466
from reed-holding warriors, in. 471 paralleled by Christian sixth-century signet showing adoration
:
i.
seal-
ings, I. 707 Goddess, Minoan {see separate heading and Religion): important illustrations of by gold signet-rings from Knossos, 'Ring of Minos' (transmarine migration),
seqq.
950
(Fig.
917);
Mycenae
(tended beneath fruit-tree, Double Axe symbol, &c.), 11. 340, 341 Tiryns God;
holding chalice, Minoan Genii bearing ewers for libations, iv.
dess
seated,
460 Clay matrix of signet-ring, Knossos (and seal impressions showing votary bearing chalice with mystic circle above to seated Goddess), 11. 767, iv. 395; impression of signet with identical subject, ;
Zakro,
11. 768; reconstruction of subject of seal impressions from Central Shrine,
Knossos, Goddess on lion-rguarded peak,
and male adorant, 11. 808, 809, 608 (Fig. 597 A, c) Thisbe, gold sig-
shrine, IV.
;
Goddess seated, offered and holding poppy capsules (as Mycenae ring), Ka-
net.
kovatos (Pylos) 'Ring of Nestor', entry into
World below, Minoan Yggdrasil and and chrysalis emblems of re-
butterfly
surgence,
III.
146 seqq.
'sacral knots' (see below),
341 (Fig. 194 c), IV. 577 (Fig. 560); holding poppy capsules and offered them, 11. 341 (Fig.
194
cymbal
III.
11.
458 (Fig. 319); holding
as CybelS, in.
— Gold
III.
gold unit),
— —
475
'weight-seal' (answering to Egyptian
M.M.
la,
Knossos
district,
665 Grain, perhaps barley, germinating, iv. 626 Greek adoption of Minoan seal motives and shapes: two ivory ring-bezels from Hellenistic Grave, Canea, imitating heroic Minoan scenes both found on L.M. la bead-seals of Third Shaft Grave, Mycenae, III. 125, 126, and Fig. 80 a, 6; IV.
revived amygdaloid type with late Greek version of Theseus and Minotaur,
iv.
18
revived sixth-century Greek versions of lion springing
on
bull,
due to Ionian
in-
fluences, IV. 559, 560 paralleled by coin types, Akanthos, &c., ib. revival of cow ;
;
and calf types and cow licking hind-leg and scratching head on sixth- and fifthcentury Greek coins suggestive influence of similar kind on revived steatite imitations of Minoan amygdaloid and lentoid forms in Melos, Crete, and Corinthia about 700 B.C., IV. 560 Griffins: antithetically seated, sealing, Knos:
712 (Fig. 5366); eagle-heads of, one with protuberance on beak (as Greek), sealings, Zakro, sos,
I.
antithetic, crested,
attributes and symbols attached to her with 'snake frame', see below; wreathed with snakes and holding holy-water sprinkler and horned sword, emblems of spiritual and temporal dominion (L.M. la deposit), 11. 793-5; drawing Asiatic bow (hunting stag), IV. 577; wearing
d, e);
;
of Magi,
708
Goat-men and -women, winged, Zakro,
IV.
receiving gifts
lap,
Goat, Cretan (Agrimt), constant appearance of on Minoan seals from Early Minoan times: winged,
little
471
crested,
ib.;
eagle
type,
antithetically
placed with head looking back, signet,
Mycenae, in. 510; do., bound antithetically to column on base (Lions' Gate scheme), ib.; do., back to back, looking back, bird between, late Palatial sealing, IV.
608 (Fig. 597
A, I)
;
Eagle-heads
of,
substituted for Egyptian hawk-headed I. 710-13; Griffin enthroned as Chief Inquisitor in Under-world, on 'Ring of Nestor', in. 153, 154
type,
;
SEAL-STONES
SEAL-STONES
[188]
Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.)
Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.)
Horse part of clay sealing showing, forepart of, bridled, iv. 826 (Fig. 809); chariot horses, iv. 828 (Fig. 808); figure of, with knotted mane, superposed on transport vessel, large sealing, Knossos, iv. 827
gold signet-ring from Mycenae,
:
(Fig. 194
786; flower of Hyakinthos, ib. Ivy, sacral,
{see, too,
Bitch)
:
collared, resembling
;
765 (Fig. 495),
IV.
580, 581
;
do.,
with
two attendants (leonine head), following hunter in pursuit of wild-goat on ivory hemi-cylinders,
M.M.
la,
I.
M.M.
II, IV.
neath
a
small
seated dog beside
it, ib.
to
guard
paralleled
Hunter lassoing horned sheep, iv. 569; with bow, stalking wild-goat (agrimi), M.M. 197 (Fig. 145),
523 stabbing wild-goat, erect,
iv.
577
already prostrate, iv. 577 (Fig. 559)5 spearing boar, iv. 573; bearing wild-goats on pole (E.M. Ill), iv. 522 (Fig. 558)
;
two hunters trussing slaughtered lion, Hagia Triada sealing,' iv. 522 (Fig. 467); similar type from Vapheio (Fig. 466)
Tomb,
;
IV. 522, n. 2.
Hut, round, with pointed roof; snakes in I. 674, 675, II. 132 (Fig. 66); compared with primitive hut-urns, ib.; gabled huts with three and four posts in
field,
674 (Fig. 493 b, c) Impish horned face and raised hands on M.M. II signet, Mochlos, i. 703 front,
Iris
I.
flowers offered to seated '
i.
in front of coursing bull of taurokathapsia
symbol above, iv. 581 (Fig. 568); dedication of dogs to divinity illustrated
;
charm,
stag,
(overthrown performer below),
i. 412 225 (Fig. 158), 226 (Fig. 1 5 9) part of similar design on fragmentary sealing, iv. 609 (Fig. 597 B, a); conjoined with Double Axe above ecstatic scene, i.
(Fig.
Goddess on
310
a). III.
;
432 (Fig. 310), III. 140; triple group between 8-shaped shields (reproducing dado band above spiral frieze), iv. 608
angle'
I.
iv.
446, 447 Kid, parturition of (Repository sealing),
;
la ivory half-cylinder,
signet
from near Knossos,
IV.
bably L.M. II); correspondence of type with that of Odysseus' brooch, ib. type of lion leaping on quarry taken over from that showing hound, iv. 525; hound on base with sacral 'impaled tri-
Temple of Diktynna, 11. 795; by sacred hounds of Er3rx, ib.
conjunction
on bronze
class as vegetation (rain-bringing)
(Fig. 471) (pro-
by the use of gigantic hounds
II),
in
463; lily
319 (Fig. 259) Kantharos (or two-handled chalice), sometimes with conical lid, on 'talismanic'
column with
baetylic
341
do., be-
197, IV. 523
524 (Fig. 470);
(L.M.
ring
11.
Iris reticulata,
696 (Fig. 518 d), IV. 563 Knots, sacral, hung on each side of baetylic column, I. 432 (Fig. 310 b), iv. 600; pair
hound leaping on back of hunted
IV.
462,
11.
with decorative
greyhound led by man, 11. 765 (Fig. 494), IV. 581 (Fig. 569) two antithetic mastiffs, cords round necks, held by youth (perhaps boy-God) standing between them, II.
see
on Tree of the World of 'Ring of
Nestor',
(Fig. 805)
Hound
and
e),
(Fig. 597 A, k) Labyrinth: see Meander Lapidary's Workshop, Knossos (L.M. Ill bead-seals in process of manufacture,
Lily
574.575 (Madonna)
(native
especially
506 seqq.,
I.
to
Crete).
603,
604,
b),
iv.
See II.
454 seqq. Lions of primitive seal-stones (due to Nilotic :
influences), IV. 525, 526; lion types in
M .M appear as result of first-hand Main.
land experiences,
iv.
526; type showing
on quarry now supersedes earlier version in which hounds seize the prey, iv. 527; Minoan scheme of lion springing on victim's back (of indigenous lion leaping
Cretan tradition) contrasted with Oriental type (of cylinder tradition) with lion's hind-feet on ground, iv. 528, 529 wounded type, iv. 544, 545
Lion,
Lion
at flying gallop,
i.
lioness overtaken by,
Lion-seals, ivory, copied
Erroneously described in text as from 'Zakro'.
716 (Fig. 539 a); 716 (Fig. 539 b)
i.
from proto-dynastic
;
SEAL-STONES draught-pieces,
11.
Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.)
55 (Fig. 26),
iv.
486,
487 (Fig. 407) (cf. Fig. 406); steatite, Knossos (assimilated to Egyptian scarab type), IV. 486 (Fig. 415); amethyst (M.M. II), IV. 486 (Fig. 416) Lions, antithetic, as guardians of divinity (Lions' Gate type, &c.), iv. 610-14, ^'^ See, too, above
Column,
'baetylic', 11. 808,
809 (sealings from Central Shrine, Knossos) Lions on Late Minoan seals: masterpieces, IV. 532 (Fig. 481, and Suppl.Pl. LV d, e,h, j); prominence in this epoch, iv. 582, 583 Lion-hunting scenes, iv. 574-6; spearman with 8-shaped shield and archer attacking lion on Kydonia
'flat
cylinder', iv.
575 (Fig. 556) paralleled by episode on inlaid Mycenae dagger-blade, ib., and ;
n8
III.
seqq.; original version probably
to be sought in w^all-painting,
117 seqq.; modern African parallel to scene (from Tanganyika Territory), ill. 122, iii.
Lioness suckling young, depicted as maned lion, IV.
559
Meander (Maze and Labyrinth): on E.M. sealings,
i.
260
(Fig.
Ill
121 (Fig. 90), 122, 357, 359 c,
d);
relation
meander
to
types of 6th, and following Dynasties,
358 (Fig. 258 a-c); relation to Egyptian
and
'house'
'palace'
meander
signs,
1. 257 a-c) human figure (suggesting Minotaur) in centre of
hieroglyphs,
358 (Fig.
;
Egyptian mazes
I.
598 (Fig. 259 opp.),
IV.
503 (Fig.
c), 504; primitive Minoan form on Phaestos whorl, iv. 504 (Fig. 448); reminiscence of Sumerian cylinder figures, prototypes of Ea-bani, ib. black steatite
447
;
lentoid of early style
from Knossos with
Minotaur making a back somersault, above a star, iv. 505 traditional attitude of tumblers on early Nilotic cylinders, ib. Minotaur types of this form on late ;
;
Minoan IV.
—
relation of to kindred type of man-lion, IV. 589 (Fig. 586); man-stag, I. 702 (Fig. 525 e); man-goat, I. 707 (Fig. 531 a) type as revived with labyrinth on reverse on Greek coinage of Knossos, I. 359
(Fig.
260/ I,/ 2)
on lentoid identified as, iv. 624 guarded by Griffins, probably seal of Granary Superintendent, ib. Monstrous forms on Zakro sealings, I. 700 Millet: bifid cereal ;
seqq.
Oedipus story on gold bead-seals from Thisbe Treasure; Oedipus slaying Sphinx, III. 416-18 (Fig. 282), iv. 513, 514; slaying his father Laios, riding in through rocky defile (o-xtcTi)
chariot
oSdj), 111.416, 417, IV. 515 (Fig.457), 516, 816, 817 (Fig. 796: chariot type B)
Orestes story on gold bead-seal of same
Thisbe parure
—murder of Aegisthos and
lentoid,
Owls,
Little, four
iv. 514 (Figs. 458, 459) round star, I. 696 (Fig. 518
/); ivory seal cut in shape of (Mesara), iv. 488 (Fig. 410 bis) (compared with breccia vase, IV.
Palm-tree:
488
410 a, b)) watered by Minoan
(Fig.
nursling,
Genii, iv. 453 (Figs. 377, 378); upper L.M. II sealing, iv. 604, D. 18 behind lions, M.M. Ill sealing (Zakro), I. part of
— 716 — behind group539of two oxen, L.M. Knossos, m) 603, no. 41 597 — conventional Late Minoan type behind (Fig.
a)
II sealing,
(Fig.
IV.
Minotaur (man-bull), antecedent suggestion of type on black steatite cylinder, Karnak,
—
abnormal form on Zakro sealing with human arms, I. 359, 702 (Fig. 525/)
Klytemnestra,
123
I.
SEAL-STONES
[189]
Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.)
i.
358 (Fig. 260
e,
opp.),
504 (Fig. 448) special adaptability of 589 ;
this attitude to the lentoid class, iv.
sacrificed bull, iv. 41 (Fig. 24),
542
B,
568 (Fig.
b)
Palm-trees,
on peak:
traditional
three 'flat-sided disk' (agate),
Central Crete,
group of
M.M.
lib.
464 (Fig. 299): the ceramic vogue of this type extends from
M.M.
lib to
11.
L.M.
I c
Papyrus with waterfowl, in. 116, 117,
iv.
602,
&c.
Papyrus rod (Waz), sacred emblem, adopted
by Minoan engravers,
i. 705 (Fig. 528), &c. Periphetes falling back over his body shield, sardonyx amygdaloid. Third Shaft
SEAL-STONES Seal-stones, Bead-seals (cont.)
Grave, Mycenae,
Seal-stones, Bead-seals {cont)
514, and see Fig. 80 a, opp. p. 126; travesty of,
Schliemann's as
'a
SEAL-STONES
[190]
iv.
artist
woman
by
and misdescription
Scarab, amethyst, 12th Dyn., engraved with Minoan hieroglyphs, I. 199 Scarabs,
i
;
engraver,
type imitated by
80
Fig.
iii.
b,
ceramic pattern on lentoid with inlays, iv. II
yellow steatite
489 (Fig. 419 and
Poppy
11.
inset)
340, 341 (Fig. 194 d,
11.
Dyn.,
537
;
lapis lazuli
(Fig. 207); as
capsules (or beads) held by Goddess
or votaries,
12th
Spelio,
bead in form of, ill. 316 symbol in field of sealstones beside horned sheep and baetylic column. III. 317 (Fig. 208); by bulls and 315
M.M.
Egyptian
of
Shield (8-shaped body shield): religious aspects of, compared with Ancilia, iii. 314,
opp. p. 126
Polychrome
copies
Tomb XVII, Mavro
in early dress with gold
buttons', IV. 126 n. Hellenistic
ill.
Minotaur, ill. 3 17 (Figs. 210-12) processional warriors wearing 8-shaped shields ;
e)
Priest-king (or long-robed priestly figures),
representing frieze, above spiral dado,
404-19; holding dove, iv. 405 (Fig. 336); leading Griffin, iv. 412 (Fig. 34'i); with bow, IV. 413 (Fig. 342); holding Syro-Egyptian axe, iv. 414 (Fig. 343 a, h, c)\ in chariot holding spear, iv. 419 (Fig. 348); similar long-robed figure as haruspex opening entrails of boar, iv.
313 (Fig. 204); similar type, but no dado, III. 313 (Fig. 205) Shield, small, of child-God, or hero suspended
IV.
III.
in grave enclosure,
Shield
M.M. III-L.M.
I a, IV.
—
L.M.
I.
118 (Fig.
239 (Fig. 136 a, b) (mostly equipped with oars) on seals of Hieroglyphic Class, M.M. I-II6, i. 283 (Fig. 215 d); with olive-trees above, 87, 7),
'
to transport
of
oil,
iv.
senting,
I. 284 (Fig. 216) rowing boat) with hippocamp-like head, bearing Goddess (sometimes also shrine and sacred tree). See especially
717
(Fig.
'flat
cylinder'
(haematite),
Knossos, at full sail, 11. 243 (Fig. 140); sail divided into squares indicative of textile decoration as in case of Egyptian ships, 11. 206, 207; parallel type of sail
828 (Fig. 807) oars, deck cabin, and passengers, L.M. I b, Tiryns Treasure, 11. 245 (Fig.
IV.
— with
142), IV.
— on Late
926
Palatial
Knossos
sealings,
244 (Fig. 141 a, b), IV. 827 (Fig. 806); with furled sail and deck shelter; iv. 827 (Fig. 807); similar type with rowers and horse like those of chariots on tablets
superposed, the
11.
mane knotted
in late Egyptian fashion indicative of
transport, iv. 827
ib.
Skiff (or
steatite lentoid (with oars),
II
II.
in
Silphium, hieroglyphic signs apparently repre-
(Fig. 702)
— M.M. black 241 140) — M.M. III
on,
hoop: evolution from bead with engraved facet, iii. 139 (Fig. 90), IV. 510 (Fig. 434), 511; originally for suspension, hoops thus often too small for finger,
II.
referring
figure
140, 141 (Fig. 91) (gold, &c.), with bezel
at right angles to
520, 521 Ill,
142 (Fig. 93)
ill.
Minoan
Signet-ring,
iii.
entranced
religious scene,
572. 573 (Fig. 55°) Rowers, on E.M. Ill prism seal, iv. 520; Sailing-vessels (ships),
—
prone,
950 seqq. (Figs. 917-19); sea-monhead compared with Skylla, ib. with oarsman fending ofi^ dog-headed monster, I. 698 (Fig. 520); sealing of IV.
—
ster's
Temple Repository, Knossos also compared with Skylla, ib. Snake-entwined Goddess, Knossos hoard, L.M. la, holding symbols of spiritual and temporal dominion, 11. 793 (Fig. :
517) 'Snake-frames',
iv.
Snakes associated (Fig. 494),
II.
168-71 v\fith
round hut,
I.
674
132
Swallow, decoy, on string held by female figure,
II.
763
Swastika, above horned sheep and manger,
i.
69s, 696 (Fig. 5186)
Sword (horned) held by Goddess of temporal dominion,
11.
as
symbol
792, 793
:
:
SEAL-STONES
Seals, Cylinder,
Textile style in floral patterns of
M.M.
la,
loi (Fig. 66 a-e)
Tree, olive, as idebgraphs above ship, Vf.jij (Fig. 702); sprays of, iv.
and
717 (Fig. 701),
Class) see
above
tal
(see, too. Religion): associated with Goddess, and baetylic pillar: fig-trees in temenos, i. 160 (Fig. 115); fruit-tree (in similar connexion), branch pulled
Goddess
to offer fruit or juice to
(Minoan Soma),
142 (Fig. 93), iv. 950 (Fig. 917), 951, 954 (Fig. 924) ('Ring of Minos'), II. 340, 341 (Fig. 194 e); (Mycenae signet-ring), carried with iii.
;
baetylic shrine, in boat of Goddess, iv.
952 (Fig. 919); in the air, with Goddess above vessel, iv. 953 (Fig. 923); (for
Minoan 'Tree
of the World', see
cult, IV. 407, 408 primitive inscription on, iv. 763 from Astrakous, Crete, iv. 425 from Hagia Paraskevi, iv. 763
from Old Salamis,
— scarab, with cow and Egyptian button
604,
class), in.
(Fig. 397 B, c), 615;
Ygg-
116, 117, iv. 609 feline
Minoan 'Tree
of
divides After-world Scenes
the
World'
on 'Ring of
Nestor', in. 148 seqq. (see Figs. 95, 104)
Seals
Sub-Minoan, crystal scarab with lion attacking cow from Beirut (possibly Phoenician work),
IV.
Early
Oriental
cylinder types, iv. 496 Seals, Cylinder:
Assyrian cylinder, lion attacking bull on,
iv.
Babylonian, button type from Central Babylonia, IV.
505 cylinder, importation of Oriental examples into Crete in M.M. age, in. 515, iv.'
497 from tholos n. 265,
on E.M.
of,
n. 28
seals, n. 28, 54,
glazed steatite, from Abydos, n. 209 of Senusert III and Amenemhat III,
from Abydos,
— prism, —
IV.
iv. 130,
137
from Karnak, iv. 503 compared with Early Minoan seals, steatite,
504
scarab, introduction of in time of
Middle
Kingdom, 11. 207 Minoan influence on, n. 207 influence of on Minoan seals,
248
I2th Dynasty,
waz
iv.
pattern of, n. 480,
744, 745
buds motive on, n. 207
Ta-urt on,
n. 3
11.
54 from Crete, found in the Diktaean Cave and engraved with Minoan Hieroglyphic Signs of Class A, n. 45, 480 n. 2
53°
—
133, iv. 505,
animals on, iv. 503 tumblers on, iv. 503, 506
lotus
of
on Cretan 504
506
IV.
535 Cycladic adaptations
I.
Chaldaean derivation
animal (Chita or Caffre Cat), in. 117 (Figs. 68, 69)
557
506
D. 19
pursued by
407, 408
seals, influence of
— — cylinder, proto-Egyptian,
Waterfowl, with reeds and papyrus (scenes of Nilotic
iv.
calf, iv.
types, n. 45 n. 2, in. 140, iv. reversed lions on, in. 140
of papyrus-like appearance beiv.
adapted from Orien-
dove
in front of 'young Minotaur', iv. 387 (Fig- 331)
Yggdrasil,
seals,
influence
tween two wild-goats,
in.
prototypes, iv. 408, 496 designs on
drasil)
— Sacred,
(cont.)
lions attacking prey on, iv. 528
Cypriote cylinder
— Palm, — Sacred
down
Babylonian
from outskirts of Candia, 11. 265 Cappadocian cylinder, sacred bulls on, 206 Chaldaean cylinder, chariots on, iv. 810
(on seals of Hieroglyphic
283
I.
SEALS
[191]
Seal-stones, Bead-seals [cont.)
IV. 100,
;
IV.
54
at Platanos,
I.
15, 197, 198,
of Rameses II from Kurion, of
iv.
Queen Thii from Enkomi,
371 11.
495
from Phaestos, I v. 24 n. 4 motive, on vase from Phaestos, 204 n. 4 imitation Egyptian faience beads,
Sub-Minoan ('L.M.
IIIc'),
11.
in
or proto-
SEALS
SEALINGS
[192]
Seals, Cylinder,
Egyptian
— from Asine, — M.M. n, 8 — designs on
IV.
529 Greek, geometric period, with horseman from iv.
gem
revival of
engraving
Double Axe,
lyre,
subjects,
in
Minotaur' on revived amygdaloid bead-
b)
double-headed eagles on,
iv.
11.
11.
Hieroglyphic Deposit,
I.
247, 268, 453, 501, 502, 474, 571, 627 Palace Deposit, 11. 835
W. Temple
Repository,
271-85,
IV.
i.
— from Zakro, 185 M.M. HI 669-700 — designs on: archer, 754
paralleled
in genere,
11.
115, 400,
564, 565
498 Egyptian influence on, imitated in Crete,
iv.
calf, iv.
dove Goddess, man-bulls,
iv.
iv.
birds.
375
458
2, Iii. 35, 503, 504,
600 421, in. 85, 92
11.
bull sports,
II.
bull's head,
11.
butterflies,
11.
355 n. 619 n.
2, in. 218,
230
i
787, 789, in. 151,
490
Double Axe,
459
458 iv. 409 from Vari, iv. 498 faience, iv. 498 lapis lazuli, iv. 409 impression of, from 'Room of Seals', Knossos, iv. 598
11.
619 n.
i, iv.
343
fish, IV. •
491 Genius, iv. 626, 627
God,
375
II.
832,
Goddess,
iv.
11.
III.
465
804, 808, 831, in. 465
heads, n. 829 rhyton, n. 537 knobs, I. 431-33 lions, n. 754,
Daemon
and see Signet-rings Sealings (clay):
831,832
religious types, n. 523 script.
Linear A,
shield,
III.
Skylla,
558 E.M. Illb, meander pattern, 11. 202 n. 3 i.
i
615 n.
11.
buildings,
408, 409
profiles, double, iv.
imitated on Melian pottery,
IV.
411 n.
III.
boxers,
498 554
iv.
i.
11.
iv.
Sumerian cylinder, gold mounted lapis lazuli, from Knossos, iv. 423-5 Sargonid, from Ur, iv. 814 Syro-Hittite cylinders, wide diffusion of, IV.
Ta-Urt, from Athens,
268,
11.
Graeco-Roman, religious scenes on by Minoan, ill. 137
cow and
115
tree, 11.
Cretan Chersonese, 11. 843 remarkable reproduction of types of heroic combat found on signets of the
Third Mycenae Shaft Grave on ivory bezels of rings from Hellenistic Tomb, Kydonia (Canea), ill. 125 (Fig. 79),
11.
child, iv.
olive
of Artemis Britomartis from site of
with with with with with
iv.
11.
i.
11.
and
bull types, iv. 536-9
Hittite,
11.
portrait
intaglio, iv.
126 (Fig. 80
627
iv.
grotto, IV.
faience type (talismanic), iv. 445 n. 3
seal, Crete, iv. 18; revival of lion
201
barley corn, iv. 627 11. 188
:
— 116 — 834, 835 — marine 501, 502, — heads, 271, 272, 276, 400. 474. 986 — rock scenery, — sheep suckling 453 571 — ship and spray, 247 and 247 — from Knossos, 834
— influence of Assyrian wounded-lion type on Greek 548 — Minoan types 'Theseus and Classical
i.
castellated buildings,
in translucent green steatite, &c., at Melos, Corinthia, and in Crete, IV. 560;
visible
11.
I.
830 n. 4
— eighth century,
(cont.)
202 n. 3 M.M. I, from Knossos, i. 171, 11. 202 Room of the Stone Drain Head, from MaUia, 11. 266
ii.
137 (Fig- 7°- 13) Elamite, early, leopard attacking prey on,
Megara,
E.M. lllb
Sealings, clay,
(cont.)
Geometrical Tombs, near Vrokastro,
III.
spirals, iv.
squid,
IV.
11.
313, 316
96 248
491
419, iv. 638
iv.
SEALINGS
SEALINGS
[193]
M.M.
Sealings (Clay),
Ill in genere, designs
on [cont^ towers,
III.
Sealings (Clay),
85
832,
11.
n.
iii.
11.
35, iv. 490, 491
804, 808
11.
94, III, S°7. 563, S7o> 952 associated with Palanquin Fresco, iv.
Corridor of the Bays, ill. 316 Court of the Stone Spout, I. 432
Domestic Quarter, 399, IV. 343 Fifth Magazine,
Room
313, 619 n.
i, iii.
Harbour Town,
Repositories,
iii.
——
627 N.E. House,
11.
316
523, 789, iv. 600, 626,
L.M.
—
countermarking and endorsement of, 616-18 inferior quality of clay and baking of, in
L.M.
iii.
in
bow-like motives,
and cow,
iv.
butterfly,
85, 92,
11.
11.
763
174
iv. 94 764 dog-headed sea-monster, II.
fantastic designs, iv.
iv.
house,
iv.
II.
iv.
lions. III. 515, IV.
544
387
ill. 313, 316 votary, in. 463 warriors, in. 313, 314 n.
6,
764, 769,
i
— from Hagia Triada, in. 137, 151, 314 500, 502, 544, 566, 820, 828 — from Knossos, Domestic Quarter, n. 767,
n. i,
867, 868
IV.
421
lions, IV.
in. 313, 488 n. 2, IV. 441 Area of Daemon Seals, in. 404, iv. 451,
offertory scene, iv. 594
452, 598 Central Palace Sanctuary, in. 463 N. Entrance Passage, iv. 567, 568
kid, parturition of, iv. 563
611 hon hunt, iv. 522 Minotaur, 11. 763
near Stepped Porch, ni. 313, 314
rowers,
iv. 521 sacramental scene,
Little Palace, in. 316, iv.
769 sacred symbols, iv. 570 sow and litter, iv. 572 spirals, iv. 248 triton shells, iv.
warlike scenes,
—
Genii, iv. 441 Goddess, in. 137,
shields,
136, IV. 956
helmets,
151
rain-bringing ritual, iv. 451, 452
952
490
female acrobat, iv. 507 Goddess, 11. 340, 465 n. III.
iii.
592, 593
626
Minotaur, iv. 387 oxen, IV. 566-8
cruciform signs,
dog,
iv.
828 combats, in. 500, 502
766-8
188
ill.
592
chariots, iv. 820,
— designs on: adorant cynocephalus,
;
lb, IV.
IV.
n. 4, IV.
bull
I,
IV.
— storage of in upper rooms, — designs on: barley corn,
419, 421, iv. 638 Harbour Town, 11. 201, iv. 248 11.
11.
254, 255, iv. 248
11.
522, 867, 868
I.
— from Zakro, 201, 567, 787, 100 248 — from Deposit S.W. Basement,
11.
254, 515, 763, 769, iii. 136, 188, 465 n. 6, IV. 174, 248, 490, 521 n. 2,
496, 505, 515, 615 n. 2, 754, 831, 832, III. 96, 218,
465. S°3. 504 Little Palace,
594
— from Zakro,
230
ill.
of the Archives,
Temple II.
11.
765, IV. 956
11.
E.W. Corridor, iv. 521 room off S.-N. Corridor, 11. 762-7 S.W. Basement, iv. 594 Temple Repositories, 11. 421, iv.
151,
iii.
la (cont.)
iv.
591 Domestic Quarter,
— from Hagia Triada, 411 1,465 — from Knossos, 829, Central Court,
M.M. IIIi-L.M.
—^'from Knossos,
1
11.
— from Zakro, m. 515 L.M.
—
11
— with shield, in. 316
woman and
513. 591. 592. 868
from Archives Deposit, Knossos,
in. 316, 474, IV. 596-9 with cattle scenes, iv. 564
— with Goddess, in. 474
iv.
513 swallows, 11. 766 from Hagia Triada, 11. 340, 763, 769,
I-II,
387
iv.
L.M.
II, in
connexion with Linear Script B,
in. 404, IV. 601
1
:
SEALINGS Sealings (Clay),
L.M.
Sea-weed, on L.M.
II (cont.)
— schemes — catalogue of subjects arrows, — countermarking — designs on: antithetic
•
of, iv.
601-6*
Sedment, L.M. lb alabastron from cemetery at, I V 270 with chevrons imitating veins iv 27 Segesta, Elymian Goddess with hounds on coins
iv.
570 young, between collared hounds,
580
horse on ship,
lions, IV. 534, 582, 610, 611,
cult of,
mould of
and
iv.
— religion — use of
615
Archives Deposit, iv. 534, 570, 580 Armoury Deposit, iv. 615, 836 Arsenal, in. 116 Borders of E. Hall, iv. 599 Corridor of Sword Tablets, 11. 331, iv. 853 E. Treasury, in. 399, 404 Little Palace,
iv.
11.
N.E. Entrance Passage, iv. 827 Room of the Stone Bench, iv. 925
Seal Island, identity of with Plataea,
11.
90
resort of Greek sponge fishers, 11. 37 n. 2 woman's limestone, in Kitchen of Throne Room System at Knossos, iv. 925, 926
Seat,
at Phaestos,
in
L.M.
lb,
11.
Knossos,
Villa,
in
Sea-tang, in
at
606
i.
390, 571
404 ceramic ornament, 11.
214, 360
— on bronze hydria from Kurion,
n.
n. 605
on connexion of Minoan
11.
_
Minoan
of,
tians,
Senam
II.
and
parallels with,
'left'
I. 16, 223 contrasted with Egyp-
27
of Msila,
11. 39 7 with Sumerian war chariot from,
Sendjirli, in.
— 814, 815 — n. gate 695 — fixed open hearths n. 20 — Palace 269, 270 Senmut, Vizier of Queen Hatshepsut, 648, 736 — tomb 166, 178, 534, 727, 464 relief
citadel
of,
iv.
53,
iv.
at, 11.
11.
IV.
882 Cretan envoys depicted on walls ceilings of, in. 31, iv. 439,
37
— stone, ornamented, — stucco, N.E. Hall, — of honour, Royal
at,
J.,
of, II.
Shrine in Central Court, iv. 596 S.W. Basement Deposit, iv. 593, 594 W. Magazines, iv. 618 Cappadocian, with bull-sports, I. 15 n. 3, II. 259 n. 4, III. 205 of Syro-Hittite cylinder, from Room of the Daemon Seals at Knossos, iv. 598 II.
at,
at,
597
243, 244, iv. 150, 534, 599-600, 610, 611, 827, 828
tholoi at,
87 n. 3
II.
Temple C
27
'right'
Hall of Colonnades,
i
iv.
_
water-fowl, in. 116,
100 n.
i
classical
Semiramis,
ships, II. 243, 244, IV. 827 snake-cauldron, iv. 150 •
5, in. 99,
Goddesses, iv. 45 n. i 406, 411 Semites, influence of on Egyptian language,
331, iv. 618
570
— from Knossos
345 n.
epistyle of
— taenia of temple Seltman, Mr. E.
11.
11.
656, in. 100 n.
i.
596'
855
116
925 script, Linear B, IV.
— club in
.
765 n. 3
II.
Selge, coin-types of,
Selinus,
priest, IV.
sheep,
of,
,
Seline, upheaval of coast-line near,
11. 243, 244, IV. 827 forepart of, iv. 828
ill.
;
.
goat, IV.
papyrus,
11.
Sebek, see Crocodile sign
836 of, iv. 619, 620 bull-sports, iv. 618
IV.
pottery from Knossos,
I
lOI
585
of, iv.
relating to
God
SERAPIS
[194]
457 *
iv.
425, 647, 648,
III.
of,
II.
178, IV. 262, 266, 729 n. 3,
880 Senusert
I,
n. 207 n.
4 — division of population of Egypt by, 694 — glazed cylinder from Abydos, iv.
steatite
of,
11.
209 Senusert II, builder of Pyramid, n. 210 Senusert III, 11. 213 nn. i and 2, iv. 53 seals of, from tomb at Abydos, iv. 130 Sepia, see Octopus Septimius, L., supposed translator of Chronicle of Diktys Cretensis, iv. 672 Ser sheep on palette, 11. 27 Seraia, importance of situation of, 11. 62, 63, 78
—
— modern route near, n. 63
Seraphim and Cherubim, Egyptian, i. 709, 710 Serapis, head of on contorniate, n. 252 n. i
Not sub-indexed.
;
SERBIA
Sheath, Libyan (cont.)
Serbia, household snake cult in, iv. 153 Seriphos, swinging in, iv. 26 n. 9
— — worn by
Serpent, see Snake Serpentine axe, Neolithic, from Knossos, bowl, from Temple Tomb, iv. 1006
— — bead-seal from Crete, — use of in M.M. building,
11.
iv.
I.
palettes from,
11.
20 n. 6
Set, desert monster,
11.
44
— — — —
I
steatite
in
iii.
Minoan
sphragistic art,
capture of Kadesh by, in. 103
on
lassoed,
lentoid, in.
Shading, by hatched
lines, first
attempted in
Minoan painting, in. 3 06 on shield fresco, ib. Grifiin Fresco in Room of the Throne ;
— on
iv.
glyphic Deposit, Knossos,
i. 515, iv. 571 with wild-goat on sealing from Temple
iv.
570
sign in Hieroglyphic script,
M.M.
281
I.
189; restored
with clapper, iv. 689 n. 2 (insets) remains of, from Neolithic houses Knossos, II. 10
663
—— •
Mochlos, I. 97 Shardana, confederates of Lykians, I. 664 on pylon of Medinet Habu, I. 664 on siege scene in sculptures of the Ramas-
— — seum. 104 — 803 — horned helmet III.
Room
Deposit,
690 n. 2 Shar-Gani-Sharri, see Sargon Sheath, with two bows, attribute of Neith,
Shells,
in,
i.
at
at
•
ii.
I.
cave,
49
n.
I.
associated
iv.
cult use of, II.
581
I.
;
ritual vessels
1
shaped
10 as,
822, 823
— in Minoan ornament, n. 502, 104, 105, 109, 113-15 — from Temple Repository, 498 matrix 488 — 116-20 522, — tops of M.M. 488 — Whorls — on pottery, M.M. 108, 109, 111,113-17 iv.
I.
terra-cotta,
11.
I.
I.
Repositories,
for,
of, iv.
23,
I.
i.
479 — Sumerian panels n. 27 commerce — from Neolithic houses55 Knossos, 10 deposit Phaestos, 521 — from Arene Candide 55 4 — from Knossos, Domestic Shrine, 581 Temple 498, 517-21 — with Minoan Goddess,
faience,
corslet of, iv.
11.
732 on limestone vases from Knossos,
of,
—
i.
iv.
i.
as
seals, iv.
of:
34
on palette, II. 46 n. 5 worn by women in Sahure
at
Shell, white, inlays of, history of, n.
from Vat
i.
Shale slab for games in Chieftain's House at Kavusi, III. 391 Shamash, Babylonian sun-god, 11. 266 n. 3 on cylinder from Candia, 11. 266 from Initiatory Area at Knossos, iv. 424 Shamrock leaves, on E.M. II gold pins from
35 n. 3
I, i.
412, 413, n. 303, 348
912, 913
Shaft graves, see Burials, Minoan Shakalasha, confederates of Lykians,
27,
no
suckling child, on sealing from Hiero-
Shell-fish,
Sfaka, see Siteia
i.
273, 346,
I.
585
Sheep-bell, pottery,
— Libyan,
i.
515, 684, 685, IV. 488, 569, 570, 595 hunted by lion, on sard lentoid, iv. 532,
sphinx from Hagia Triada, in.
422
Knossos,
11.
I figures of,
Repository,
n.
on
at
737
— use of in Togoland, n. 35 Sheep, on 27 — M.M. from Petsofa, 153 — horned, associated with Goddess, 570
n. 2
419 constellation of Ursa Major, iv. 436, 437 associated with Hyksos, iv. 437 relation to Ta-Urt, iv. 436, 463 libation vessel associated with cult of, I. 19 Seta, Dr. A. della, discoveries at Athens, 11.
I,
II.
IV.
50
Sesostris, see Senusert I
Sety
34
prehistoric slate palette,
figurines from,
4
35, IV. 23
worn by women performers in bullsports, II. 35, IV. 21: on Chryselephantine Goddess as Lady of Sports, iv. 28-31
I
Sesklo, late Neolithic fixed hearths at,
.
II.
of, IV.
represented on Egyptian wall-paint-
10 ings,
441 I. 211 Serra Ilixi, copper ingots from, iv. 563 Serrin, primitive figurines from, i. 48, 49,
428 n.
chiefs' wives,
Minoan adaptation
iv.
— clay — stone
SHELLS
[i9S]
I, IV.
reliefs,
11.
M.M. 116-20
II,
I.
240, 258, IV. 109, III, 113,
:
SHELLS of,
M.M. HI, L.M. L.M.
on pottery
374, 522, 523, IV. Ill, 116
I.
lb, II. II, II.
Shells (cont.)
(cont.)
508 512
— on from Temple Repository, 695 — Argonaut, prototype of navigationinMeditersealing
— Phaestos, — 'Thorny
iv.
130
faience,
—
i.
—
-
—
on
Ic, IV.
II,
lentoid seal
marine
L.M. I6-L.M.
style, iv.
102,
Ic ceramic orna-
369
— Cockle
from iv.
II.
head rhjrton from
bull's
530 11.
46, iv.
—
plaques of, from Vat Room Deposit, iv. 93
in
Triton, religious associations of, iv.
from shrine near Magazine of the Lily Vases, II. 822 n. i from Phaestos, i. 219, 221 model of, stone, from Knossos, 11. 822, iv. •
M.M.
moulded,
M.M.
at
in
on pottery,
Ill
from House B
la,
Knossos, IV. 108 in ornament, in
—
belt,
of the Throne,
no
1018
iv.
ment, derived from Double Axe motive, IV.
on
inlays of,
Knossos,
369
103 Bivalve, in
Room
from Phaestos, 11. 46 image of, from Central Crete,
from Knossos,
M.M.
Barnacles, in
II-III, iv. 104
931. 932
295, 369 512, IV. 863
II.
M.M.
of, 11. 46, iv. 109 with dagger and
of,
Lustral Basin of
lb, II. 508, IV. 277, 278,
at
on pottery from Kouloura II, iv. 104 Tridacna, found in Persian Gulf, 11. 530 malachite model of, from Lustral Basin of Room of the Throne, iv. 933
cameo
from House of the Frescoes, 11. 500 on pottery, M.M. IIIi-L.M. lb, iv. 129
L.M. L.M. L.M.
deposit
Minoan use
889-92
IV.
i.
ceramic ornament,
terra-cotta,
Axes,
Neolithic
no
37, iv. oyster' {Spondylus gaederopus), in
from Temple 521 from Kouloura II, iv. 128 on gaming board from Knossos, I. 473 on fresco from Upper Hall of the Double Repository,
from
Pectunculus,
i.
ranean folklore,
^
SHERDS
[196]
whorls
Shells,
from Knossos,
terra-cotta, relief,
221,
i.
iv.
in sphragistic ornament, iv. 344
II, IV.
284
M.M.
Ilia,
II.
369, IV. 116; as
border to faience bowl, I. 498 on bronze ewer from Zafer Papoura,L.M.II,ii.636(Fig.40o),iv.ii7 Cone, foundation of half-ivy leaf ornament on pottery of Pueblo Indians and Zunis, iv.
in ceramic ornament,
L.M.
L.M.
lb, iv.
360
;
II, IV. 316, 318,
345 ritual use of as trumpet, 11. 822, iv. 344; on crystal bead-seal from Idaean Cave, iv. 211
— Tun, see Dolium — Venus in M.M. pecten,
— Conch, Triton 117-19 — Cowrie, used ornaments by inhabitants of Danube n8 109 — Dolium galea and perdix found Kou- — Whorl,
II ceramic reliefs, iv.
see
verrucata,
as
from Temple
Repositories, iv.
Valley, iv.
in ornament,
in
louras at Knossos, iv.
importance of
,
iv.
no I.
87,
11.
IV.
317; from Vapheio,
no
— Mitra, Neolithic trade 109 — Mother of Neolithic trade — Murex, deposits of Knossos,
in pottery,
in, iv.
pearl.
at
IV. in, iv.
iv.
in
n
i n. 5 use of for dye, iv. in ceramic ornament, L.M.
II, IV.
316; L.M. lUb,
lb, iv.
IV.
109
iii n. 5
iv.
on Island of Kouphonisi,
L.M.
145, iv.
in metal-work, iv. 3 17
114
of liparite, from Hagia Triada,
56,823,1V.
11.
geometrical evolution of,
371
n. 5
in;
E.M.
II.
;
1
112
from Mycenae,
641 n.
II, iv.
10-12
iv.
i
316; E.M. Ill,
no, in; M.M. I, i. 185; L.M. lb, L.M. II, IV. 306, 316; L.M. Ill,
214;
iv. IV.
244, 318: and see Marine Style Shemesh, perhaps represented in figure vessel from Bethshemesh, 11. 257 n. i Sherds, used as basis for L.M. 111b cult objects at
Knossos,
i.
59
SHIELD Shield of Achilles, see Achilles
— of Herakles, described by Hesiod, compared with design on
silver
figure of eight shaped,
11.
29, 50,
314 n. 6
Shield, Boeotian type of, allied to Hittite, 11.
11.
53
53 11.
baetylic function of,
50
11.
53, in.
11.
compared with Roman with Burmese gong,
i.
I.
ancilia, in.
in. 307, 343 replaced Knossos, in. 345 ;
at
tablets
307 on ivory carvings, iv. 302 on frescoes at Knossos, i. 336, 337, in. 302, 304-14, 383, IV. 6, 341, 786, 881 I.
Tiryns, in. 295, 304, 306,
iv.
iv.
relief
11.
coin,
I.
280, 283,
— Linear A, 644, n. 248, — Linear B, n. 248 — on Phaestos 656 I.
disk,
Shrines, Minoan,
of,
portals of,
I.
votive,
i.
III.
la,
ill.
309, 347 IV. 290, 881,
310-12,
882
L.M. n, on
seals,
IV.
301, 341, 342, 881, 882
n. 52, in. 313-16,
iv.
444, 559,
589
on on
signet-ring, silver
I. 432 rhyton from Mycenae, in. 89,
94. 95. 98
on stela above 5th Shaft Grave, Mycenae, 253 on painted
IV.
cenae, Saite,
III.
II.
terra-cotta tablet
from My-
136
Ships, Minoan,
'
11.
I, i.
3,
I.
283, 284,
11.
27, 229-52,
see
at Phaestos, iv.
of, iv. 755,
11.
951
756
81
under Knossos
24
miniature bronze, from Cyprus, n. 134 gold, from Mycenae, 11. 187, 607 615, 806, IV. 407 terra-cotta, from Knossos, I. 249, 253, 258, 302, 305, 369, 427, n. 158, 160, 187, IV. Ill, 201, 406
on frescoes from Knossos, I. 213, 443, 444. 479. 480, n. 599, 804, iv. 20, 895 on seals, I. 674, 675, n. 132, iv. 607 on 'Ring of Minos', iv. 951 on steatite rhyton from Knossos, 11. 752 and see Cave-sanctuaries, God, Goddess, Religion, and Snake Sanctuaries
— Hal-Tarxien, n. 190 — Greek, Knossos, 346 at
Shubad, Queen,
680 fish-tailed sterns of, iv.
iv.
336
151-3
Minoan type
Knossos,
109 n.
at
52
247
146
at
lb.
11.
680
307, 308
M.M.
at Asine,
786,
218-20,
I.
basements
on inlaid dagger-blade from 4th Shaft Grave, Mycenae, in. 120, iv. 301
L.M.
iv.
Shoes, see Dress
at Christos Avthentis,
^
i (see,
I.
933
on pottery, L.M.
n.
11.
under Seals)
Ship-sign, hieroglyphic,
315
on alabaster carving, iv. 302 on bead from Mesara, n. 52 on faience bowl from Temple Repository, 1.498 Mosaic,
11.
,
signet-rings,
too,
of, in.
I.
IV.
by reproductions
amuletic beads in form
sealings,
seals
314
in. 315
with Palladium, in. 314 314-17 funereal significance of, in. 142 probably suspended in Halls of Palaces,
—
slab
iv.
see
314
religious aspect of, in.
at
240
— engraved on gypsum of Temple Tomb Knossos, 956 — on Town Mosaic, 311 — on gold bowl from Midea, n. 507 — on rhyton from Mycenae, 98 — on Cycladic n. 241 — on sarcophagus from Hagia Triada, 438: and Hagia Triada — on and 120, 121 239, 240, 243, 446, 520, 521, 827, 828 — on n. 245, 250 — on from Hagia Triada, 680 — Egyptian, n. 26 — Greek, on ivory from Sparta, 246 — Roman, on contorniate 252 pottery,
52, 53
afSnity with shield of Neith,
Town
i
E.M. I-H, from ossuary
of,
in.
II.
i.
•
model
clay
at
— Geometric period, — — Minoan, S3680, 681, Hittite,
(cont.)
fixed rudders of, n. 241 n. at Palaikastro, n.
— of Neith, III.
Minoan
Ships,
rhyton from Mycenae,
lOI
III.
SHUTTLE
[197]
11.
box of, 49 n. i
toilette
'Shuttle' of Neith,
11.
iv.
529
SHUTTLES
bone Middle Neolithic, from Knossos,
Shuttles,
1.42 Sibthorp, John, drawing of Pancratium
L.M.
la,
Minoan Crete
of with
Sicily, relations
960 494, Minoan colonization
1.
traditional
3, 22,
Iberic
after
con-
of
180
11.
and Hibernian halberd types from,
11.
pottery from,
I.
— bone objects, Sikel —
21
iv.
11.
I
fenestra in,
to, 11.
traditional, in,
Tomb
Knossos,
at
Sickle, double, motive, origin of,
'Sideboard',
Throne Room System
Minoan
i.
978 123, 124
fashion,
Siege-scenes, as artistic
at
Knossos,
11.
11.
iv.
of
927
34
theme
in
on Town Mosiac from Knossos,
M.M. III-L.M.
i.
302,
i.
302,
78
L.M.
I,
Minoan: 485
evolution of from bead-seal, in. 139,
iv.
SIX, 948 n. I importance of in
958
Minoan
culture, IV.
of, in.
n.
III.
in.
'Ring of Minos': discovery of, leads to that of Templela,
947
n.
IV.
947 seqq. iv.
I
compared with 'Ring of Nestor',
iv.
510,
947,
949
Greek legend
of, iv.
957-9
'Ring of Nestor': from Kakovatos, n. 785 n. la,
5, in. 145, iv. 44 146, IV. 949 subject of, II. 278, 334, 342, 482, 785 n. 4, 788, III. 127, 145-57, IV. 950 et seqq. III.
compared with Ring of Minos' '
,
iv.
947, 949
Michelangelo's ring, in. 145 with Miniature Frescoes, iv. 949
156 L.M. la with boxing scene, in. 500 with Goddess with double axe,
—
and female dancer, scene,
use of gold for,
140-4
512
fres-
I
in.
vivid
L.M.
oval bezel characteristic of, IV. 510 2, iv.
with
to
probable fresco original of design
of, iv.
450 n.
Phaestos,
buried with dead, in. 144
pictorial style
—
Signets, see Seals
11.
563
— landscape backgrounds 137 — of due influence of 134-57, 187 — subjects on, 134-57 — Syrian influence on, i6 — portrayal of gesture on, 58
date of,
Author's collection
11.
from
Goddess and adorant cynocephalus, n. 764
L.M.
87
from Mycenae,
la,
date of, IV. 949 subject of, IV. 950 et seqq.
308, 312, 314, in. 89, 99 Siganos, traditional Cretan peasant dance, in.
Signet-rings,
510
iv.
Egypt and
Insula at Knossos, in. 31, 81-106
silver rh3rton
iv.
n.
— from Zafer Papoura,
Tomb,
on tombs at Beni Hassan, in. 102 on tablet of Nar-mer, in'. loi Minoan, on miniature fresco from, N.W.
on
11.
uncertainty as to present whereabouts,
Crete, in. 82, 87, loi, 102, 104 art, in. 101-4
III.
— — — from 2 — from Mavro 557, — from Phaestos, 24 4 — from Smyrna, 225 — from Sphungaras, 511
33
— in Egyptian
308,
—
Ill, with bull-sports, 11. 355 n. 2, in. 225 with Double Axe cult. III. 139 with Linear Script A, 11. 557, iv. 510 from Arkhanes, 11. 355 n. 2
I.
Sidon, Astarte as Goddess of, in. 457
—
— with wingless sphinx, in. 418
•
religious
i.
Side-lock, Libyan, predynastic, as
from tholos at Platanos, in. 139 from Arkhanes, in. 418
I,
coes,
iv.
103 coated, in Kitchen
seals,
plaster
II,
in.
626,
11.
— L.M. Illb pottery from, 626, 627, 960 — tombe a Maltese analogies 181 — Tomb of Minos, compared on E.M. Ill
M.M. M.M.
[cont.)
121
I.
iv.
627
with Temple
III,
Spelio,
21
I.
I, from, 11. 182 bronze rapiers of Minoan type from,
n.
E.M.
Isopata, in. ,140 n.
170
— Neolithic images from,
Minoan
Signet-rings,
M.M.
i
IV.
II.
—
n.
IV.
— firmed, 626, — overseas trade of with959Spain, •
by,
lily
456
II.
SIGNET-RINGS
[198]
i.
161, 162,
11.
and
of, iii.
iv.
512
mourning
278, 838, in. 90,
SIGNET-RINGS Signet-rings,
SILVER
[199]
Minoan, L.M.
la,
with Goddess
Signet-rings,
L.M.
migration
of,
— with lancer with 95 — from Mochlos, 249, 952 — from Mycenae, 161, 162, 278, 838, 512 95, 140-4, 314, 500, — from Phaestos, 70 — from Pyrgos, 75 L.M. with Asiatic bow, 50 842 — with boy-God, 832, 842, in. 143 — with 141, 149 — with Genii, 436, 459 — with Gilgam,esh, 466, 583 — with Goddess, 340, 832, in. 136, shield,
ill.
iv.
11.
IV.
III.
in.
n. 2,
iv.
11.
chrysalises,
50,
ill.
iv.
512, 526, 953, lions,
Canea, in. 125, 145"
iv.
and
orgiastic figure, iv.
iv.
in.
iv.
iv.
Silphium, Cyrenaic trade in, I. 284 as sign in hieroglyphic script, I. 284, n. 54 Silver, sources of, Halys, 11. 169 n. 2 Spain, II. 180
in.
iv.
—
iv.
50,
IV.
iv.
—
—
iv.
in.
149,
512 L.M. II, with chariot, iv. 822, 823 with eye in background, n. 789 with fig-trees, n. 615 with armed God, n. 838, in. 136, iv. 610 with Goddess, 11. 832, in. 136, 137 IV.
— — — — — with n. 771 — with canopy, 319 — with 68 dancers, — with sacred 138 — from Avdu, 822, 823 — from 68 771, 789, — from Knossos, n. 615, 832, 838, 319 — from Mycenae, 610
on Procession Fresco, n. 726
in.
spring, in. 137,
11.
—
in.
ni. 136,
i37> IV.
iii.
137, 138, iv.
n. 179 n. 2
at Byblos, n. 655,
from 5th Shaft Grave, Mycenae, n. 641 n.
IV.
Isopata,
flask,
825
iv.
ritual
Taurus, 11. 169 n. 2 Trebizond, n. 169 n. 2 Tripolis, n. 169 n. 2 Troad, I. 20-2, 11. 169 n. 2, IV. 766, 777 imported into Crete, I. 20-2, n. 169 into Egypt, 11. 657 into Greece, 11. 169 use of in E.M. Ill, i. 191-3 armlet, from Inner Shrine of Room of the Throne at Knossos, iv. 930 on Cup-bearer Fresco, 11. 705
— base of Egyptian alabaster — bowl from Chamber Tomb
lilies,
ogival
see Seals, Sealings
—
frieze, iv.
iv.
iv.
Cypro-Minoan, from Enkomi, iv. 759, 760 Sub-Geometric, from Aegina Treasure, n. 53 Greek, 3rd century, imitating Minoan, from
11.
i37> 141. 143. 149. 463- IV. 392, 393, 459,
954 — with in. 123, 466, 526, 527, 584 — with in. 70 — with rams, 171 — with snake-frame, 171 — with stag-hunt, 123, 579 — with Ta-Urt, 430 — with triglyph 228 — with warriors, in. 463 — from Arkhanes, 219, 220 — from Candia, 954 — from Dendra, 953, 171 — from Knossos, Temple Tomb, 393 — from Mycenae, n. 340, 832, in. 463, 466, 579, 584 — from Thisbe, in. 123, 137, 40, 526, 527 — from Tiryns, 228, 392, 430, 459 — from Vapheio, 70, 136, 141,
in.
Egyptian, from Enkomi, n. 494, 495 Sub-Minoan, 11. 175, 198
I v.
in.
160,
in.
11.
11.
III.
II.
i.
iii.
lb,
11.
i.
ship,
11.
I.
{cont.)
Ill,
— 470-4 — with isodomic masonry, 160, 188 — with 138 245, 250, — from Knossos, n. 188 Harbour Town, n. 250, 138 — from Ligortino, 463 — from Mycenae, 553, 565 — from Thisbe, n. 340, 470-4, 219 — from Tiryns, n. 245
952
11.
Minoan
with cattle, iv. 553, 565 with Goddess, n. 250, 340, in. 138, 463,
{cont.)
—
1
,
642
from Palestrina, iv. 418 from Ras-Shamra, IV. 782, 783 from Regulini Galassi Tomb, iv. 539 from Vapheio Tomb, n. 641 n. i cup, E.M. Ill, from Mochlos, I. 99 from tholos at Midea, 11. 507 depicted on Camp-stool Fresco, iv. 389 borne by Minoan envoy in tomb of Senmut, n. 425 cylinder, E.M. II, from Mochlos, i. 83
:
SILVER
SKINS
[200]
Silver (cont.)
Silver (cont.)
— daggers, E.M. II and from Kumasa, 21, — 169 — double Arkalofrom cave — khorio, 347 — dump from E. Magazines Knossos, 664 — ear-ornament on Cup-bearer Fresco, 706 — ewer, L.M. from S. House Knossos, III,
i.
from Byblos, 11. 654, 655, 825 from Knossos, S. House, 11. 386,
vessels
100,11.
at
axes, votive, iv.
at
Harbour Town, 11. 235 from Mycenae, 4th Shaft Grave, and see 'Rhy tons'
•
iv.
imitated in pottery,
11.
at
I,
I.
633 from 4th Shaft Grave, Mycenae, 498, 499,
11.
633,
Simba,
646,
Minoan envoy on tomb 648 on tomb of User-amon,
depicted borne by of Senmut,
11.
;
n. 738 figurine of
Resheph from Nezero,
applied to crystal, from
foil,
positories,
goblets,
Tomb
303
at Isopata, iv.
364
depicted on Camp-stool Fresco,
359 — ingots from Troy, 100 — on bronze, 113, 118 — jewellery, Cycladic, 95, 97 — kantharos, M.M. introduction — from Vapheio tomb, 939 — with siege scene, from 4th
IV.
—
and see
of, iv.
I
Grave, Mycenae, 698, 699,
640 n.
I,
i.
363 Shaft
302, 308, 312, 314, 668,
II. 178 n. 2, 344, 530, 531, 536, 753 n. I, III. 31, 82, 89-101, 162,
30i> 955 bull-shaped, depicted borne
Siret,
by Keftiu
My-
of Men-kheper'ra-senb,
11. 536 borne by Minoan envoy on tomb of User-amon, 11. 738 lion's head, Knossian, 11. 536 ring, E.M., from Mochlos, i. 99 from tomb at Enkomi, 11. 494, 495 hoop of, from Hellenistic tomb at Canea, III. 126
jackal's head,
seals
from E. Crete,
i.
11.
268, iv. 488
6:
95 n. 4
— —
i.
78
of, i. 19,
II.
722
player,
on
48,
steatite vase
III.
from Hagia Triada,
449, IV. 218, 219: and see Har-
— bead-seals from, 523. 570 — stone matrix from
I.
,
274, i.
ill.
95 n.
479, 514,
Sitiak6s, traditional peasant
48, iv. 219
11.
3, iv.
445,
721
11.
dance of E. Crete,
"1-75 Situla,
bronze, remains of from well below Ill house at Knossos, in. 258
wooden models of black mercenaries from tomb at, II. 756, 757
Siut,
Siva, tholos ossuaries at,
11.
80
II candlestick from,
Sjokvist, Dr., discoveries at
i.
Enkomi,
579,
11.
iv.
658
Skalaes, cave at with Neolithic remains,
530
depicted borne by Cretan envoy on
tomb
from,
Minoan use
E.M. II.
iii.
85 perhaps represented on Procession Fresco,
44
from 4th Shaft Grave,
156,
Messieurs, discoveries in Spain,
M.M.
envoy on tomb of Men-kheper'ra-senb, II. 536, 648, 649; on tomb of User-amon, bull's head,
in, I.
Andreas
diadem from, i. 97 Sipylos, Mount, I. 14
IV.
cenae,
St.
vester Vase
iv.
'rh5rton'
Tanganyika
in
122
Sistrum sign, in Linear Script A, Siteia, Minoan road to, II. 78
i.
—
ill.
silver bracelet
II.
ill.
ladle,
Min-
Sindjirli, see Sendjirii
I.
inlays
—
of lion-hunting
film
Sistrum,
II use of, iv.
from Royal ritual,
477
470-5
I.
L.M.
ill.
Temple Re-
M.M.
22;
I, I.
22
Siphnos, walled strongholds
647
IV.
i.
Territory, 11.
M.M.
868
iv.
242, 243, 244, IV. 121, 127, 363;
I.
yan ware,
II.
from 5th Shaft Grave, Mycenae,
— — —
II,
127
IV.
387,
570, IV. 727
I.
55
32
Minoan remains at, 11. 62, 63 on Minoan gems, in. 411, 412, iv.
Skalani, village of,
Skaros
fish,
494. 677 Skeletons, see Bones
Skenen-ra, dynast of Thebes, Skins,
i.
on rock-carvings of Col
420 Tenda,
di
11.
170 n. 4
— worn by Minoan — imitated
votaries, iv. 401
vessels of,
Askoi
in pottery,
i.
558: and see
1
skoteinO doves
in, iv.
of,
i.
Snake, (cont.)
163
— on
41
Bones Skylla, dog-headed form Minoan form of on Skulls, see
—
ICnossos,
on
I.
of, iv.
952, 953
494, 697,
III.
96
rhyton from Mycenae,
silver
from
seal impression
II.
from
13
— predynastic Egyptian, 2 49 — pavements S.-N. Corridor palettes,
11.
44
27,
n. 2,
n.
46,
of,
II.
698
I.
Slate, Neolithic disks of, for pot stands,
Knossos,
in
at
Knossos,
761
in
SNAKE-SIGN
[201]
Skotein6, sacred cave
warehouse
at
Niru Khani,
11.
employment of, 11. 41 Slingers, on coins of Aspendus and
281 n. 4
Slaves,
345. "I- 99 Slings, Asiatic weapons,
iii.
— not used by Minoans, — used Anatolia, 345
11.
in
Selge,
11.
99 344
11.
in Greece,
11.
by barbarian from Mycenae,
345 archers on silver rhyton
11. 344, 345 Sling-stones, haematite, from Hissarlik,
iii.
99
— limestone, from outside tomb on Acropolis at Mycenae, 11. 345 Smaland, hut-urns from, 11. 132 n. 4 Smalle, hut-urn from, 11. 132 n. 4
from lalysos, iv. 164 from Milatos, iv. 164 from Geometric vase, iv. 164 Snake, cat (Cretan adder), wave and dot mark on skin of, IV. 182, 183 {see Adder mark) Snake-cauldron, perhaps represented on sealing from Little Palace, iv. 150, 151 Snake-charming a priestly function, I. 507 pottery,
Snake-cult,
— — — — — — — — — — — —
IV.
in Crete, iv. 1014
Cyprus,
in
in Egypt,
iii.
225
Snails, see Sea-snails
in Greece, iv. 153 in Kalinovo,
officers, iv.
of, iv.
158,
House S.W. of S.W. Treasury House,
138, 143. 158-61 in L.M. II house
Court,
N. of Koulouras of
76 in connexion with Temple Tomb, IV.
iv.
1014, 1015
— Kumasa, 142, 163 — Lithuania, 150 — in Livonia, 150 2 — in — in Rome, 152 — Serbia, 153 — tables 150, in
143, 147, 158 n. 2, 160,
iv.
iv.
iv.
n.
Prinia, iv. 142, 143, 158, 160
in
52
iv.
157, 158 n. 2, 166 149, 2 Snake-frame, construction of, iv. 175 connected with bows, double axe, and horns for, iv.
n.
knots and interlacings
Minoan Goddess,
of,
i.
I v.
176,
223 n.
3,
235, 289, 291, 469, 486, 495, 507, 508, 523, n- 237, 31711.2, 323, 540, 744, 793, III.
465
tended by British
154 in Knossos, primitive character
iv.
11.
traditionally honey, iv. 156-8
438-42, 455,
509, IV. 157
I.
in
Minoan Goddess, 11. 469, 187, 406: and see under
diet of, IV. 158
figures of
166
in Gournia, iv. 142, 143, 158, i6o
in
signet-ring with bull-sports from,
— — natural 177 — on
iv. 143, 163,
in Dalmatia, iv. 153
159
on vase from Khafaje, iv. 819 n. 5 Smyrna, Graeco-Roman relief with bull-sports from. III. 229
Goddess with Juno Sospita, with Wazet, I. 289
cults,
157
W.
159, 186,
more advanced
186
in Balkans, iv. 1015
Smith, Mr. Sidney, on lapis lazuli cylinder from Knossos, IV. 424
IV. 24,
iv.
509,
I.
in Athens, at Erechtheion, iv. 150 n. 4, 154,
I-
Snake, associated with
spirit,
in Albania, iv. 153
Smalt, see Kyanos
—
household
as
152-4. 163, 185 as terrifying being, in
IV. 32, 38,
no,
177, 179, 193,
— —
of consecration, iv. 168, 175 religious significance of, iv. 168
— on bead-seals from Psychro and lalysos, iv 168
— on gold signet-ring from Dendra, Snake-sign,
11.
146
li. i
iv.
171
SNAKE-SKIN
modern Greece
Snake-skin^ used as charm in
and Crete,
i68
iv.
Snake-tubes, origin of in
of sanctuaries connected with,
•
IV.
Minoan drain sections,
148
IV. 14s, 147,
— chronology 160
— converted dove Sneferu, date of accession — tomb 56 into
of, i.
wooden
iv.
Hector's spear,
crossbars in
W.
559
29 Soudan, dog-faced ape graphy,
II.
11.
of,
Minoan
in
icono-
763
— route from Benghazi
to, 11.
756
Souls, weighing of in Egyptian mythology,
iil.
151 scales for, from Mycenae, iii. 151, iv. 661 Spades on Chariot Tablets, iv. 668 Spain, early Bronze Age in, I. 23 Minoan communications with, I. 22, 58 n. 2,
— 180 492, 494, — trade from, 180 — halberds from, 170 — imported beads from, 180 — primitive stone images from, — Megalithic monuments II.
tin
179, 11.
bronze,
—
M.M. III-L.M.
—
Hittite type, in.
420 n. 2 on Minoan type,
Hittite, influence of
420, 424, 425 outside citadel gate at Eujuk,
11.
181
compared with South Corridor
et seqq.
at
— — plumed and crowned, n. 778
Knossos,
side-locks of Hathoric,
'adder mark' on wings
Spar, amethystine, fragments of vessel of, from
of the Throne, iv. 934 Sparta, L.M. lb settlement near, iv. 420, 421 religious tradition at.
III.
at,
415
III.
n. 2, IV.
533
419-22
549, 550 ; taken
of Domestic Quarter, in. 415 steatite, from Hagia Triada, in. 420-6
232
from Knossos, in. 422, 425, 526,
429 246
11.
ivory carvings from,
iii.
of, i.
over on axe-head of King Aahmes, iv. 551 ivory crest and wing of, from E. Treasury
Room
Spata, tholos
420
in Minoan religion, i. 19 wingless, Anatolian relations of, in. 418,
180
ib.
with strip from,
ill.
in. 419,
characteristics of, in. 415, 416 Hittite influence on, in. 419, 420, 424
in, 11.
figurines from, iv.
II type of, iv.
842
— Minoan,
179,
Spalato, Palace of Diocletian at, 11. 684: its portico
relief
of
843
figures. III. 478 Speliopotamos stream, see Kairatos Spelitossa glen, wild roses in, 11. 464 Spercheios River, 11. 169 Sphakoryaki, Minoan guard station at, 11. 90 Sphinx, Egyptian, characteristics of, in. 419 folded cloth headgear of, influence on
11.
778,
iv.
from Chamaezi, I. 194 from Isopata, iv. 356 from Mochlds, iv. 842 from Zafer Papoura, iv. 844, 860 copper, from Hagios Onuphrios, i. loi two pronged, I. loi Spearmen, see Warriors. Speleers, Monsieur Louis, on Hittite bronze
11.
— Minoan — primitive — ivory
of, iv. 842,
compared with Homeric description
485
at
iv. 45,
n.
843
I
Sothis, rising of,
of, IV.
iii.
Knossos, iii. 200 -of fafade of Atreus Tomb at Mycenae, III. 200, 201 Solar symbol, see Sun Soldiers, see Warriors Somaliland, types of bow in, II. 49 Sont bush, Egyptian equivalent of mimosa, 11. Sophocles, cited,
iv.
Spear-head, Minoan, ring on socket
bowls from, I. 85, 86 Snofru, see Sneferu Soapstone, use of for E.M. bead-seals, for Melian gems, iv. 560 n. 5
Wall of Palace
52
11.
sos, IV.
70
diorite
Sockets, dovetailed, of
Spear, attribute of Juno Sospita,
— held by Priest-king on bead-seal from Vapheio, 419 — Early Troadic and Cycladic stemmed type 2 843 — used by Minoan warriors, 841 — on fragment of Miniature Fresco from Knos841 — on rhyton from Mycenae, 98 iv.
165
cots, iv.
of, II.
Ill n.
SPHINX
[zozl
i.
342,
11.
—
6l2
from Phaestos, iv. 24 n. 4 from Tylissos, iv. 525
iv.
1
:
SPHINX
SPOOLS
[203]
Sphinx, Minoan, steatite (cont.) locks of, from E. Treasury of Domestic Quarter at Knossos, iii. 419, 420, 422,
on
II.
Ill (cont.)
249, 323, 333, 351, 370355, 559, III. 23, 37, 38, 189,
frescoes,
411,
6,
M.M.
Minoan,
Spirals, in
i.
334. 343. 372, 48s, IV. 256 of, from Mycenae, i. 549 on miniature fresco of embroidery, iii. 40 on Town Mosaic, I. 307 on sealings, iv. 490 on seals from Central Crete, iii. 419 from Cyprus, iv. 408 from Knossos, IV. 424, 491 from Thisbe, ill. 416, iv. 18 on signet-rings," iii. 144 from Arkhanes, ill. 418 Theban, the name Hellenic, the art-form Minoan, ill. 417
on goldwork from Mycenae,
stucco head
—
on gypsum lamp, 11. 599 on pottery, iv. 256
^
—
Sphungaras, cemetery of jar burials at, I. 585 Ill gold signet-ring with crystal intaglio from, IV. 5 1 pottery from, E.M. II, I. 76, 78-80, 11. 635,
— M.M. —
IV.
seals from,
Spiders,
on
11.
364
95, 672-5, iv. 199, 445, 541 n. E.M. Ill seals, I. 120, 123 n. 4 I.
Spilia, spring at, 11.
from Knossos, I.
i
42, 43,
i.
11.
42, 43,
II.
i74.n. 2
11.
13
22, 342,
11.
— M.M.
1, 1.
186, 200,
III.
21
steatite pyxides, iv. 91
vessel
from Knossos,
iii.
21
stencil
— M.M.
I.
used
for,
i.
533
on ceilings at Knossos and Orchomenos, iii. 517, iv. 242 on faience, i. 498, 11. 744 Ill,
ill.
324,
S.
House,
11.
387
248
ceiling
frescoes,
from Knossos, in. 30
336, 337, 411, 525, 11. 72s. 744. "I- 31. 281, 294, 302, 372, 378, 381-3. 387. IV. 6, 205, 209 in metal-work, 11. 738, 741 i.
on pottery,
11. 331, 380, 395, 422, 435, 310, 311, IV. 264, 854, 881, 882 interlocked iv. 256
— L.M.
II,
on
frescoes, in. 343, 387, iv.
877 864
on
pottery, iv. 302, 333, 340, 342, 881,
on
sealing, iv. 563
882
L.M.
Ill, derived
from
glass plaques,
11.
shells, iv. iii
596 n.
i
129 Neolithic use of, I. 114 on pottery from Butmir, 1. 114 Sikel, on door slab from Castelluccio, Syro-Hittite,
Syrian,
on
Byblos,
on
cylinder, iv.
silver II.
11.
I.
22
409
bowl of Minoan type from
655, 825
M.M.
Ill
and L.M.
I,
344-6
I.
Spleenwort, on
L.M.
I
pottery from Knossos,
II-
475 Sponges, 'nature printed', on coes,
258, IV. 253 on creamy-bordered ware, iv. 120, 121 II,
on
I,
on
Spirally fluted columns,
183
Minoan, E.M., I. 20, II. 193; possibly derived from whorl-shells, iv. no E.M. Ill, I. 103, 111-14, 117, 121, II. 274
on
bowl from
on pottery,
Aegean and Cycladic ornament, 11. 193, iv. 250 on pyxis from Amorgos, I. 100 n. 3 on object from Hissarlik II, 11. 194 in Egyptian ornament, I. 114, II. 206 n. 3 I.
silver
seals, 11. 243, iv.
— — on
174 n. 2 11. 174 n. 2
in
— — M.M.
L.M.
—
13
Spirals
in Maltese,
163, 164, 696,
in metal-work, iv.
crystal, 11. steatite,
11.
interlocked iv. 256
—
670
at, 11.
Spindle-whorls, from Amira,
in
on
— — on
66
Spinalunga, schist quarries
clay,
in sculpture,
229, 255, 256
IV.
III.
burial urns,
•
—
98
633, iv.
11.
127, 342, 253, 255 -^ in gold inlay, iii. 119
III.
M.M.
Ila fres-
361, 362
— on frescoes from Knossos, L.M. — on pottery, M.M. in. 362
la, in.
364
Ila,
L.M.
— used
for
lb, III. 364, IV.
M.M.
279
II vase painting,
Sponge-fishing, in Libyan sea,
I.
I.
Spools, clay, Neolithic, from Knossos, II.
13
247
17 I.
42, 43,
:
:
SPOUTED BOWLS
Spouted bowls, E.M. II, of marble, i. 92 vessels, Egyptian predynastic, I. 80 Spratt, Captain, on winds of Crete, 11. 84 n. 5 Spray sign as mason's mark at Knossos, ill.
—
Spring, sacred, at
Mavro
Spelio,
138
iii.
ill.
137
ritual, iii. 27, iv.
attribute of
936
Minoan Goddess,
11.
793,
Hagia Triada, 11. 792 on M.M. III6 fragment from House of the Sacrificed Oxen, 11. 794 found in Initiatory Area at Knossos, III.
Roman
pontifex,
compared with Minoan,
IV.
792, 936 on coins of Julius Caesar,
11 .
793
,
iv.
93 6
i.
—
I, 11.
from Knossos, with Linear I. 669, 670 Neolithic,
11.
— from Platanos,
— in Nuraghe of Sardinia, see
I.
Palaikastro,
i
I.
219,
II.
217,
ill.
242
patterns, imitating metal,
iv.
246
M.M.
on
II
Stands for Double Axes, see under Double Axes Stars, associated with Minoan Genius, IV. 441 with Minotaur, ill. 316, iv. 589 combined with adder mark, i. 549 iv.
from Hagios Onuphrios, 112, 113
I.
iv.
657
584 211
on lentoid from Knossos district, iv. 589 Star sign, as mason's mark, I. 394, 401, 11. 290, 664 n. I
47, 742, 779, 790,
83, IV.
II.
I.
438, 439 in relief,
ill.
444 Double Axe stands, iv. 212 from Knossos, I. 438, 11. 527 from Psychro, i. 427, 438 double-spouted jug, from Gournia, I. 81
E.M.
figures,
64 from Tylissos, in. 426 inkstand, from Ur, in. 424 lamps, from Knossos, i. 390, iii. 26, iv. 936
— M.M.
I, i.
lllb,
— — Caravanserai,
— fragment
of,
Blocks,
298
II.
11.
II.
123
from House of the
lapidary's trial piece,
Fallen
from Harbour Town,
238
from Petsofa, iv. 657 from Phaestos, i. 219, 252, 11.
libation bowl,
—
i.
Ill,
from Kouphonisi,
242
— on burial found near Knossos, — on bead-seal from Idaean Cave,
E.M.
112, 113
of,
11.
jar
at Phaestos,
Palaikastro,
839; baetylic use of, ib. Stamatakis, Ephor, on Atreus Tomb at Mycenae,
I.
633 n.
11.
11.
11. 264 n. 3 Stalagmitic pillars in caves of Psychro and of
— — on tholos near Argive Heraeum,
91 buttons,
III.
106
E.M. pendant of from Mesara,
pottery,
11.
657
— from Hagia Triada, 400 — from 631, — fragment with heads
— vases from Nippur,
Stamped
to,
310
II.
— from — from Petsofa, — from Sacellum
cup, from Apodoulou,
446
Eileithyia,
13
11.
697, 698
i.
under Knossos
Stalagmite,
n. 10
A inscription,
179 n. 10 bowls, 'blossom', Egyptian parallels
I.
430 n. I on silver rhyton from Mycenae, ill. 96 on stone pot from Cerigo, 11. 200 n. i Stag, see Deer Staircases in Brochs of Scotland, I. 106
•
II, I. 90,
IV.
Square-mouthed pot, E.M. I, i. 58 Stais, Dr., on faience knots from Mycenae,
—
E.M.
iv.
9
IV.
232
of,
— M.M. 177 93 — coated with gold, 675, 676 beads, from Crete, M.M. 179 — from Gortyna, M.M. 489 — from Kalathiana, M.M. 179
400
by Priest-king, iv. 400 by Minoan officer on cup from
— and
IV.
lla, iv.
carried
II.
dark green, from Sarakina valley in E. Crete,
1, 11.
Sprinkler, holy water (aspergillum)
of
Steatite
I, I.
Chamber
adoration of on signet from
Tomb, Mycenae,
IV. 24,
Statue, see Figure
use
711.3.14
Minoan
STEATITE
[204]
—
IV.
195, 217,
91
tables,
tory,
I.
from Knossos, W. Temple Reposi427 near House of the Frescoes,
438, 440
11.
433,
STEATITE Steatite, libation tables (cont.)
from
Palaikastro,
i.
Steatite, 'rhytons' (cont.)
497 n.
630, 631,
i,
636
— from Phaestos, 64 — from Vapheio, with boar, 676 E.M. 69 — beads, process of manufacture 595 — E.M. H-HI, 80 ill.
i.
from Petsofa, I. 636, from Psychro, i. 75, II.
STILUS
[205]
11.
seals,
440
159, 497, 625-30,
48, 438, 839, IV. 157 froiri Tartari, I. 630, 631
in
bead-seals,
from Kno.ssos, 11. 29 n. i from Mochlos, I. 93, 11. 362 n. i locks of Sphinx, from E. Treasury in Domestic
— —
419, 518,
ill.
iv.
481, 612
from Mycenae, iv. 482 from Thessalian Thebes, iv. 480 matrix for faience, from Knossos, I. 488 pithoi with plait-work bands, from Mycenae, IV. 531. 537.
M.M.
637
from tomb
la,
200, IV. 255 pyxides, 1. 112,
iv.
in Cerigo,
11.
199,
58
i.
with boxers, from Hellenika, iii. 35, 100, iv. 600 'rhytons', bull shaped, from Erech, 11. 262 from Hagia Triada, with bull-sports boxing scenes, I. 689, 690, iii. 35, 90,
Sta
lllb,
—
Harvester's Rout,
and 225,
I.
19, 28, 84, 85,
449, IV. 218 -^ from Knossos, N.E. Palace region, with 47, 224, 279, 472,
boxer,
i.
689,
N.W. 537,
III.
S.
bowls,
•
III.
2, ill. 64,
504
men
with offertory
752 of the Throne, with octopus, IV.
II,
in,
—
L.M. L.M. L.M.
II,
108, IV.
— Tomb of the Double Axes,
11.
III, IV.
216
IV. 170,
I, I.
II,
I.
455
42
— — M.M. — signet-shaped, E.M.
11.
209, iv. 503
199, iv. Ill,
1.
iv.
763
439 117-25
273
from Candia district, 11. 776 Sphinx, from Hagia Triada, m. 420-6 from Knossos, ill. 422, 425, 426, iv. 612 from Phaestos, iv. 24 n. 4 from Tylissos, iv. 525 spindle-whorls, from Amira, 11. 174 n. 2 tripod stand of, from Knossos, i. 387, 571 vessels, M.M. Ill, i. 605, 606 from Aspis site at Argos, I. 23 n. 2 Chaldaean, ill. 422 from Knossos, ill. 21, 100, iv. 129 from Mochlos, 11. 75 from Palaikastro, iv. 573, 574 weights, disk-shaped, from Knossos, iv. 653 signet-ring
— — —
— — — — —
see
under Figures
measurements of Minoan road near Mycenae, iv. 60 n. 3
Stein, Sir Aurel, discoveries in Central Asia, III.
293
symbol, see Star Stephanus of Byzantium Stellar
11.
727 53 1,
Stigmata,
514
cited, iv.
possibly represented
781 n. 2
on hands of
image of Goddess from Spring Chamber Caravanserai at Knossos, Stilus,
i.
217, 242, 835
II.
I, IV.
154 n. I, III. 116 n. 5
cylinders, Egyptian,
Stelae, see Burials
III.
671, 673,
I, III.
69 with sacral horns, I. 220, iv. 201 with bull and capital, I. 688 bull's head, from Little Palace, 408, 527-30, 539,
520
I.
M.M. III-L.M.
Steffen, Colonel,
3,
52, IV.
195, 196, IV. 505
Steatopygous images,
276, 277, 930
from drain near Royal Road, 533
I.
I, I.
N. Border of S. Propylaeum, 11. 702 Treasury of Tri-Columnar Hall, 11. 822 Tomb of the Double Axes, iii. 195 n. i with altar and ecstatic dancer, 11. 614,
262 n. •
11.
184
224, 502,
——
615 n.
Border, with II
III.
region, with sacrifice of goat,
Room II.
11.
M.M. M.M. M.M.
M.M. 260,
498 II.
II.
scarab,
iv.
M.M.
iv.
E.M. in,
E.M., I. 94, IV. 503 with Cypriote inscription, prism, from Karnak, iv. 503
91
— from Knossos, Domestic Shrine, — from Kumasa, 91 relief,
into
434, 639, 640, 669, 670, 671, 673, 675, 676, II. 503, IV. 491, 500
votive,
pot,
68,
seals, IV.
lid,
Quarter,
I, i.
bronze
instrument
possibly used as, in. 13
11.
in
129
from
Palaikastro
:
STIRRUP VASES
STONE
[206]
Stone
Stirrup vases, see under Pottery
pn Minoan
'Stockings' of columns
frescoes,
ii.
109
(cont.)
— used Knossos, 697 — pounders, use 219 — querns, from House of the "• 305 — — Triton from W. Treasury pithoi,
at
Minoan sphra-
Stock-rearing, influence of on gistic art, iv.
563
Stolo, P. Licinius, denarius of,
Stone, baetylic,
52 n. 3
11.
of,
i.
Sacrificed Oxen,
'rhytons', see 'Rh)rtons'
of Snake Goddess, perhaps
represented within hut on bead-seal,
n. 2
11.
ritual
at Knossos,
shell,
IV. Ill
132
11.
— from Lustral Area of — 520 525 of Royal — amulets, 45 Niru Khani, 234 — arrows, from Greece, 838 — Egyptian, 233 — — — — found Knossos, from beneath N.W. Angle Knossos, fetish figures of,
Palace,
Little
vats for liquid offerings, in Pillar Crypt of Little Palace, 11. ; Villa, 11. 406
•
II.
at
11.
iv.
-
•
basin,
IV.
in Caravanserai,
11.
46,
104, 116-20, 123
— beads, from Aveyron, 180 — from Egypt, 179 — — from Knossos, 13 — bench, Court of Stone Bench under Knossos — bowls, Egyptian, 985 — — E.M. imitating black burnished pot11.
n.
iv.
North Lustral Basin, 11. 348, 349 Tomb of the Double Axes, 11. 627
E.M.,
I.
M.M.
I, I.
M.M. M.M.
193
at
L.M.
iii.
et
see
I.
411-14, 419,
11.
•
348, 697 n. 2 figures, see Figures
44
from Pseira, 11. 790 n. 4 hammers, from Hagia Triada, i. 468 from Knossos, i. 468, 469 goblet,
— implements. Neolithic Cretan, — 627 348, — knives, Egyptian,349, 26 5 — from Knossos, 433 from Trullos, 687 — lamps, Lamps — Libation — maces, Egyptian, 26 — from Cyclades, 44 — — from Mesara, 44 inlays,
i.
54,
11.
13
n. 2, iv. 315
II.
n.
11.
ladle,
11.
11.
64, iv.
see
libation tables, see
tables
11.
palettes,
11.
11.
n. 2
17, 31,
II,
412,
419,
553,
554,
i.
412, 419
I.
I.
11.
87,
II.
380 221
87
23, 169, 177-9,
I.
Ill,
II.
369, 452,
IV.
238, 239, IV. 122
I.
380, 413, 414, 554, 558, 597,
— —
270, 271, 276 Hagia Triada, I. 149 Hagios Onuphrios, 11. 46
lb, IV.
from from from from from
iv.
— ewers, from Lustral Area,
I.
600-2
iv.
la,
92
100
— core of hearth Mycenae, 180 — cup, L.M. from Knossos, 178 — cupped block, from Temple Tomb, 978 seqq. — dadoes, Dadoes fixed
Ill,
66, 67,
92 imitating 'Vapheio Cup',
n. 2
for libations, inscribed, iv. 656 i.
256
n. 5
984
imitated in pottery,
16
i,
31, 56, 193,
177, 178
imitating pottery,
Ill,
from Platanos,
I, I.
iv.
imitating leatherwork,
I.
11.
II.
697 n. 3
i
90 n. 2 from Knossos, Neolithic house,
tery,
16,
982, 983, 984
M.M. M.M.
11.
see
I.
from Mycenae, Minoan, 11. 16 E.M., I. 17, 26,
11.
n.
23, 30,
at
"
—
11.
at
— bath 599 for foot-washing,
— —
11.
vessels,
Hierakonpolis,
11.
44
Isopata, iv. 845
Knossos,
n. 4. 380,
697 n.
I.
170,
11.
2, iii. 9, iv.
30, 31 n.
i,
777
from Mavro Spelio, 11. 356 from Mochlos, I. 165, 11. 58 from Mycenae, 11. 31 n. i, 41, 44 n. 4, 697 n. 2, IV. 232-4 represented on fresco fragment from Knossos, II. 722 weight, from Ras-Shamra, I v. 530 from Zakro, iv. 662 and see Alabaster, Breccia, Building, Cists, Column-bases, Diorite, Gypsum, Ironstone, Limestone, Liparite, Marble, Pave-
ments,
Rosette
Steatite, &c.
and
Triglyph
Friezes,
,
:
STORE-CELLS Store-cells, in Neolithic houses at Knossos,
Syria,
S. Italy,
11.
I.
at Phaestos,
under Knossos
Sundwall, Prof. 663
Stravakis, Nikolaos, description of earthquake
Candia in
314 n. 2 Stravomyti, cave of, pottery from, 11. 68, 69 n.i Strongylos, Mount (Venetian Stromholi), 11. 232 Stucco technique, Minoan, i. 528, 530-6 works in the round in, L.M. I, in. 518 painted female head, from Mycenae, in. at
a.d. 1856,
11.
519 Sphinx, from Mycenae,
— coating
of,
I.
549
on steatite figurine from
Tylissos,
426 on hearths, 11. 20, iv. 179, 180 on seat near N.E. Hall at E[jiossos, i. 571 on tables in Kitchen of the Throne Room
in.
system,
on
iv.
II.
670, 683, IV. 967
Frescoes and painted
:
and
see
in, in.
323
floors of,
III.
II.
22, 23
honey
to
dead
at, iv.
157 Baltic amber, n. 174 n. 3
Sudan, see Sumatra, use of parrying-stick in, 11. 52 n. 2 Sumeria, 11. 264 influence of on Egypt, n. 26, IV. 505
on Minoan Crete,
11.
253-66, in. 261,
— — head rhytons from, — convention for rocks — steatopygous images from, 51 inlaid bull's
— —
— on pottery from Phylakopi, 115 — on M.M. Ill bead-seal, n. 307 766 — on 449 from Knossos, n. 766, 594 in.
n. 3
n. 3,
n. 3,
IV.
sealing
iv.
Minoan Goddess,
associated with
24
iv.
— whistling, n. 836 Swastika in Minoan ornament, 358, 197 — symbol, 358, 570 — L.M. lb form of probably derived from n. 492 — on M.M. pottery from 186 — on M.M. l\a from Knossos, 216 — on sealings from Temple Repositories, 515, .
II.
i.
iv.
I.
Vasiliki,
I.
11.
name
iv.
IV.
236, 315
i.
125
—
96
n. I, 127,
128
see Pigs
Swinging
model of
terra-cotta
as religious rite, iv.
Lake Dwellings Swords as attribute of
955
26
of, IV.
628
Minoan Goddess, n.
793,
iv.
of, II.
54,
24, 400, 849
of on steatite dog
ink-stand, in. 422 Sun, symbol on fresco from Knossos,
— on draughtsman from Knossos,
570 Sweden, domestic snakes in, iv. 153 n. 2 hut-urns from, n. 132 Swimmers, on inlaid dagger-blade from Vapheio
Swing of Minoan Goddess, from Phaestos, IV. 24
I.
Ill,
:
Switzerland, remains of six-rowed barley in
in, iv.
scale
E.M.
Syria and Italy, 11. 306 Suspension pots, I. 60-2 and see under Pottery Swallows, Egyptian cult of, n. 28 n. 5 Minoan fondness for, 11. 306, 307 as embroidery motive on fresco from Knossos, I. 546, II. 307, 379; from Phylakopi, n. 307 n. i, 766, iv. 40
III.
125, 421, 955 jewellery from, iv. 125
seal,
n. 87 n. 3
Suspension pots for birds, modern use of in
Swine,
—
— on
at,
Susa, two-storied pots from, n. 428
i.
Styx, offerings of milk and
Larsa,
iv.
IV.
tin, II.
Sumu-ilum of
tablets,
I
flask
jet, II.
North Soudan
681 n.
n. 2,
I
I.
Succinite, true
633
brittle-stars,
II.
chrysocolla,
461
I.
on Knossian
J.,
as religious
sacral horns, n. 160, in. 525
— 301, Studs, amber, n. 170 — bone, 170 — 55 — 170 — 169
IV.
n. i
reliefs
impression of pillar flutings
on
446
Sura (Elyros), upheaval of coast
Swan
926, 927
walls,
671
tablet
570
I.
I.
iv.
— on signet-ring from Tiryns, — on votive from Psychro,
I.
see
(cont.)
Ill prism,
talismanic bead,
106
jars, see
Knossos,
Sun, on seal
M.M.
— houses, in Cos, and — under Pottery, pithos — rooms, in Egypt, 570 at
SWORDS
[207]
i.
Minoan, copper daggers prototypes IV.
i.
480
479
848, 851
— length —
of, II.
273, IV. 845, 847 and short types of, IV.
association of long
847
:
SWORDS Swords II.
M.M. IV.
273,
— L.M. — blade —
I,
of Priest-king from Mallia,
845
16, III.
II types of, iv.
845-53 of, inlaid, from Thera, ill. 130 n. 4 'cruciform', iv. 851-3 early, from Knossos, 11. 629 from Zafer Papoura, 11. 530, 550, 563, IV. 853, 865, 866
— horned,
11. 175, iv. 847-51 dagger prototypes of, iv. 848 from Dendra, iv. 851
from Dodona, 11. 175 from Gezer, iii. 312, 313 from Knossos, Chamber Tomb, iv. 849 from Mycenae, iv. 848, 849 from Zafer Papoura, iv. 850, 851, 863, 864
with Minoan Crete,
of,
I.
15,
192, 244, 267, 655, 656, 743, 825,
II.
IV.
475,
986
— — with Cyprus, 780 — Knossian settlements iv.
in, shown by burial Ras Shamra, iv. 771 et seqq. influence on, 11. 658 influence of on Crete, 11. 658, iv. 398, 417, 422 on Minoan dress, I. 197, 11. 33, iv. 401 on Greece in L.M. Ill, iv. 409 chariot wheels, six and eight-spoked, of, 11.
vaults of
—
— 796 — cylinder from, — elephants hunted by554Thothmes — 743 of god Teshub from, 478 — fixed open hearths 20 — trapezoid, from, 49 — ships mentioned in annals of7 Thothmes seals
iv.
of,
figurines
III,
Hittite
11.
ill.
in, 11.
Minoan Goddess on beadfrom Knossos, 11. 793, iv. 849 leaf-shaped, on Tablets from Domestic held by
seal
— Quarter, 857 — rapier type, 845-7 — dagger prototypes iv.
iv.
"
of, iv.
845
from Arkalokhori, iv. 846 from Isopata, i. 720, iv. 845 from Mycenae, i. 720, 11. 482, iv. 241,301,831,846,847 from Sicily, I. 22, 11. 273 from Zafer Papoura, iv. 847 borne by Minoan officer on steatite cup from Hagia Triada, 11. 792 from Amira, 11. 174 n. 2 from Beth-Dagin, 11. 273 n. 2 votive, from Arkalokhori, iv. 846 from Knossos, ii. 702 copper, from Cyprus, 11. 273 on relief of Sargon, 11. 274 on rock carving at Boghaz Keui, 11. 275
— — —
Sword-Tablets, see under Tablets Sybaris, communication of with Ionia, Sybrita, lentoid
gem
from,
iv.
11.
168
11.
31
i.
48, 49, iv.
428 n. I Sylamos, Minoan station near, 11. 66 great Southern road near, 11. 66 Syracusan 'medallions', imitated on Italo-Greek pottery,
i.
242
n.
11.
of,
HI, n. 657
— and
see Minet-el-Beida, Ras Shamra, Byblos Syro-Egyptian vases from i8th Dynasty tombs, II. 257 Syros, walled strongholds in, I. 156, ill. 6 house at, i. 148
— — pottery from tomb — and Khalandriarii
in,
I.
74
see
T Table, plaster, in Kitchen of the Throne
system
at
Knossos,
iv.
from House B, under Kouloura Court,
IV.
Room
926, 927 off
W.
73
— stone, from House B under Kouloura W. Court, 73, 225 — and Cupped block. Libation
off
IV.
table.
see
Pavement games. Snake Tablet of Nar-mer, Tablets
ill.
table.
loi
from Khafaje, iv. 813 used for inscriptions in Minoan Script, IV. 672 votive, from Psychro, i. 632-5, 11. 790 n. 3,
bronze,
Sykeon, primitive figurines from,
—
flints,
alabaster, votive,
505
E.M. II use of, i. 91 bowl of, from Knossos, I. 65,
Syenite,
—
connexion
Syria,
(cont.)
bronze
TABLETS
[3o8]
—
III.
crystal, III.
69, 462, IV. 672
from vicinity of
S.
House
at
clay, for writing, oriental origin of, II.
Knossos,
88 266, 654,
IV.
679
i.
16, 618,
1
:
:
TABLETS Tablets, clay (cont.)
— Minoan,
sizes
Tablets, clay. Linear B, from Knossos (cont.)
and shapes
business character
of,
exceptional class theft of, IV.
of, iv.
iv.
699
from
695
438
vertical lines on, iv. 695
— Hieroglyphic from Knossos, 247, 834 from Mallia, 266, 676 — Linear A, overlapping of with Linear B, 11.
iv.
11.
680 from Hagia Triada,
IV.
613-16, 620,
iv.
496, 617-21 S.E. Insula,
i.
Repositories,
baking
inferior
of, iv.
11.
489
n. 3
and
592 of, iv.
879
iv. 73,
798
832
701-4 olive-trees, iv. 717 IV.
633, iv. 730, 733 and children, iv. 706-8
from Hagia Triada, from Knossos
iv.
Adze tablets, 11. 669, 671 Armoury Deposit, iv. 173,
2, 6, II.
116
into partridge,
11.
116
see
11.
116 n.
i
Thammuz
Tanganyika, lion hunting in, in. 122 Tangential loops in ceramic ornament, M.M. III, I. 610, 611 L.M. I, I. 611, 612 Tanis, throne of Usertesen I at, 11. 497 n. i Tanit, associated with Baal Haman, 11. 191 ;
— aspect — connexion with — on sepulchral 90
of, 11.
n.
191 n.
i
pillar trinities,
11.
191
from Hadrumentum,
in.
I
at
668, 669, 795,
579, 668, 786, 800 331, IV. 853-7
IV.
11.
624
from 9th Magazine, iv. 624 from 15th Magazine, IV. 706-8 from Magazine by Royal Road, 11. 577 from E. Treasury in Domestic Quarter,
11.
n. 3
discoveries at Kanli Kasteli,
658
Vase Tablets, 11. 533, 633, 728-30 from Long Corridor of the Magazines,
404
M.M.
Taramelli, Dr. A., on vases from Dibaki,
832 11.
in Linear
Tapestry, see Textile
698, 699, 856, 857
11.
Tablets,
I.
— transformation of — inventor of saw, 672 — on Phaestian coin-types,
420
swords,
Sword
by balance sign
619, IV. 660
stela
vessels,
Chariot Tablets,
I.
talismanic
baetylic
iv.
women
in
Tammuz,
chronology of latest deposits of at Knossos, IV. 736 preponderance of references to flocks and herds among, I v. 710 with reference to chariots, iv. 579,
I
11.
wide range of deposits forms of, IV. 674
men,
n.
— weight, purple gypsum, from isth W. MagaTalos,
quality of clay
bows and arrows,
of the Archives, IV.
zine at Knossos, iv. 650-2 Talismans, see Amulets, and Seals, bead,
618-20
from Palaikastro, House B, from Tylissos, iv. 219 B,
605
Talent, represented Scripts,
from Knossos, Temple
Room
vicinity of
701-4; of the Stone Bench, in. 404 from Ras Shamra, IV. 45 and see Script, Minoan, and Phaestos disk Tabor, Siege of, on sculpture of the Ramasseum. III. 104 Taenia of Temple at Selinus, Minoan analogies, II.
I.
680, 732
— Linear
from area above Early Keep, IV. 733 from N. Entrance Passage, ill. 190, iv. 698,
697
648
of, iv.
horizontal lines on,
617, IV. 696
I.
696, 698
of, iv.
methodical disposition
I.
TARAZZA
[309]
Miamu,
11.
74
n. 3
58 at Visala, 11. 71 n. 3, 72 n. i on Aiaari Trerprj, II. 87 n. 4 on Tomb of Zeus, I. 154 Tarazza pavements, 11. 107, 523 above early pavement of Central Court at Knossos, 11. 800 of Light-Area in S.E. Angle, 11. 327 i.
— of Hall of the Double Axes,
in.
330
leading to S. Propylaeum, n. 686
iii.
of Upper Long Corridor near S. Propylaeum, n. 716 of S. Propylaeum, n. 688, 689, 696, iv. 225
:
TARAZZA Tarazza pavements
Ta-Urt
(cont.)
Upper Rooms of Caravanserai, 11. 107 Roman, over Theatral Area, iv. 18
of
Tarkhan,
predynastic stone vessels from,
late
1.65 Tarkhun, Etruscan family name, iv. 190 Tarkon, Hittite personal name, iv. 190
Tarkondemos, IV.
on
Hittite script
silver
Tarsus, coin-types
of,
boss
of,
iv.'536
Tartan pattern, Minoan,
i. 430 on drapery of Jewel Fresco from Knossos,
1-525
on sacral knots Mycenae, I. 483
from
Knossos
earthquakes,
11.
and
I.
of, belief as to
630, 631 origin of
324
kilt of Minoan tributary on tomb of Rekhmara, 11. 743, 744 Ta Tehenu, 'Olive-land', 11. 23 Tattoo marks, influenced by Minoan script, iv.
54 Platanos, IV. 439 scarab, i. 199, 200
Taurus, source of Hittite silver, 11. 669 n. 2 Taverna of Spanachmet, Minoan road and bridge near, 11. 154 Taygetos, Mount, lapis lacedaemonius derived from, III. 270 Tebtunis, papyri from, iv. 673 Tegea, Neolithic remains near, 11. 4 n. i Tehent, 11. 23
Tehenu, 'Olive-land',
modern
11.
23,
54
pillar shrine at,
i. 435 559 Tell-el-Amarna, reign of Akhenaten at,
Telephos,
iv.
— faience from, 493, — fresco fragment with 168, 474, 748 — L.M. IHa pottery from,
iv.
i.
iv.
940, 941
olive spray from,
I.
27,
II.
— weight, bronze ox-head, from, red jasper, lion seizing bull,
iv.
487,
iv.
748,
1013; compared with sherds found
near Lion Gate at Mycenae,
51
from Knossos, 11. 13 head, Sub-Minoan, from Knossos, clay idol
11.
IV.
III.
749, as, 11.
458
11.
748
Tassels on
757 symbol of Neith
cylinder, iv.
scarab,
Tekekioi,
Tartari, steatite libation table from,
Tashkend, Moslems
(cont.)
— on Syro-Hittite — on Egyptian from — M.M. I
713
on
TERRA-COTTA
[210]
iv.
63 n.
iv.
655
IV.
530
i
Tell-el-Yahudiyeh, faience disks with maker's
757 early Cycladic marble images, 11. 44 n. 2 Taureadors, see Bull-sports Taurobolos, epithet of Athene and Artemis, iv.
marks from, I. 488 n. 2, IV. 941 Tell-Nebesheh, two-pronged implements from,
45 n. I Taurokathapsia, see Bull-sports. Tauropolos, epithet of Athene and Artemis,
Lagash Temenos, medieval
45 n. I Ta-Urt, Hippopotamus Goddess, 291, 708,
11.
54, 504, 653 sign, iv.
— associated with ankh
1.
iv.
19, 199, 200,
— 433 — 435 436, 440, 441, 463, 882 — Minoan 200, — prototype of Minoan Genius, 439431 etseqq., 463, 882 — on sculpture from Ramesseum Thebes, I v.
astral relation of, iv.
in
religion,
I.
n. 3,
iv.
iv.
at
—
-
—
434 on ceiling of Tomb of Senmut, rv. 882 on alabaster figure vessel, 11. 259
fortress
74 Template sign on Minoan
on Kanli
Kasteli,
II.
patterns,
seals
and
ceiling
203, 204
11.
Temple Fresco, miniature, from sanctuary in N.W. Insula at Knossos, I. 480, 804, ill. 47,
439
with crocodile, iv. 457 with Isis and Horus, iv. 437, 463, 464 with Wazet, iv. 464
characteristics of,
lOI
I.
Tello, see
iv.
62
Temple Tombs,
see under Burials Tendril ornament, E.M., iv. 316
M.M. L.M.
II,
II.
195
II, IV.
316
Mycenaean, 11. 195 Tenedos, coin-types of, 11. 276 Terpander, invention of seven-stringed ascribed to,
11.
lyre
835
Terra-cotta bird's nesting box,
draughtboard, grave,
11.
11.
306
from predynastic Egyptian
47
n.
i
:
TERRA-COTTA
THEBES
[211]
Terra-cotta (cont.)
Terra-cotta (cont.)
figurines
matrix from Knossos,
11. 767, IV. 395 palanquin, miniature, from Knossos,
from Knossos, II. 9 n. i Neolithic, from Knossos,
i.
43-7,
11.
224,
12,
ram, votive, from Eski Samsoun,
13, 129, IV.
429 — from Phaestos, — E.M. 115 I, I.
no
37, 521, IV.
i.
reliefs,
64,
i. 13 female, from Asine,
— from Egypt, — from Gournia,
ill.
— from
Knossos,
•
Axes,
II.
near
iv.
519
rv.
2
n.
161
Double
shrine of
late
III.
305, 369, 427,
amphitheatre,
ill.
158, 160, 187, IV. Ill,
II.
snake-tables, iv. 149, 150, 157, 158 n. 2
452,
spindle-whorls, from Knossos,
Harbour Town, iv. 197 from Kumasa, 11. 33 from Mavro Spelio, 11. 556 from Petsofa, i. 151-3, 11. 33, 237
tower, miniature, from Gournia, III.
339,
iv.
the
iv.
11.
record
from Knossos, Late Shrine of Double Axes, 11. 336, 337, iv. 429 House under Kouloura, off W.
male,
— — —
67
I.
iii.
fireboxes,
568,
iii.
461, 462
n. 6
I.
147 iii.
II.
371
178 n. 2
frescoes,
lb, IV.
I.
11. 1
14
121
100
L.M. II, IV. 348 Thammuz, mourning for, I. 162
— Sumerian cult
—
of, ill.
468, 476
traditional death of at Bethlehem, iv.
Theatral area at iii.
102 n. 4
i.
Tharros, Greek scarab from,
350 house fronts, votive, from Temple of Ishtar 11.
2, ill.
42 sacral knots in, 11. 284 embroidered, see Embroidery linen, remains of on sword from Zafer Papoura, iv. 866 garments of on nth Dynasty monument,
M.M.
Snake. Goddess,
n. 2, IV. 143, 151, 152, 179
at Babylon,
127 n.
on pottery, E.M. HI,
from Gournia, iv. 151, 179 from Knossos, i. 390, 551, 571, 343. 350 n. 2, IV. 72, 151, 152, 179 from Mycenae, iv. 179, 180 from Niru Khani, II. 283, IV. 179 associated with
of, 11.
— influence of on Minoan
iii.
347 flower, from Knossos, iv. 423 hearths, tripod, 11. 20, ill. 350 from oval house at Chamaezi, i.
160 n. 3
19
477 Teta, Egyptian king of 6th Dynasty, sepulchral Textiles, Neolithic,
iv. 3
i.
1
153
and see Clay, Pottery, Sealings, Tablets Teshub, Hittite lightning God, affinity with Resheph, iv. 46 images of from North Syria and Cappadocia, III. 478 from Thessaly, Tiryns, and Crete,
"• 72. 73. 439 n. 2, 841 n. 5
IV.
11.
I.
iv.
III.
of lyre-player and dancers, from Palaikastro,
Court,
from Petsofa,
;
rustic shrines, iv.
— from Petsofa, 15 1-3 — from Tylissos, 633-6, — from ZygourieS; 470
134, 603,
—
iii.
Prinia, iv.
of ox, from Knossos,
24
iv.
11.
92
— from Knossos,
139,
143
— from Knossos, Late Shrine of Double Axes, 336, 337, 429 — from Mavro 469, 470 — from 159 — from 40 Spelio,
85,
tree, miniature,
n. i,
water-pipes, from Chamaezi, 11.
13
11.
swing, miniature, from Phaestos,
!"• 439. 45°. IV. 162
of Goddess, from Gournia,
Court,
365, 366 House of the Sacrificed
201,406
453
— — —
n. 6,
W.
from Oxen, II. 178, 310, 311, 753, 781 ship, from Palaikastro, 11. 240 shrine, from Knossos, I. 249, 253, 258, 302,
755, 756
336, 339, 342
Roman
224
— of youth,
adorant,
220,
768
IV.
marine, from Kouloura of
II.
I.
157, 158
II.
at
iv.
Gournia, 11. 578 see under Knossos
Knossos,
at Phaestos, 11. 578-84 Thebes, Boeotian, Minoan conquest
—
476
539, 548 n. 2
civilization of,
I.
of, ill.
24, IV. 283
script current at, iv. 373, 672,
754
418
THEBES
Theseus
(cont.)
trade-route connecting with Crete and
Egypt,
II. 1 68
L.M.
pottery from,
from,
II.
lb,
730, 749 pottery from,
K
L.M.
ii.
490, iv.
416
n. 3,
at,
L.M.,
pottery
n. 3, 487, 749, IV. 358 of the Ismenion, pottery from,
492
II.
monument
votive
carving of plaited hair,
Thebes, Egyptian,
tombs
at,
11.
iv.
of Antefoker,
of,
iv.
of Rekhmara,
11.
49, iii,
Thii, Queen, scarab of, IV.
470
—
116, 166, 176, 226,
262, 266, 464, 729 n.
3,
880,
11.
166, 534, 535, 648,
736-8,
III. 178, IV. 44 Ramesseum, rv. 104, 134 cymbals from graves at, ill. 472 L.M. 16 amphora from, iv. 275 Theophrastus cited, 11. 70 nn. i and 4
Thera, n. 37, 312 n.
n.
inlaid
fresco
iii.
130 n. 3
Mycenaean predeces-
421
in Aetolia, apsidal type of house
iii.
of,
452
iv.
n.
i,
515,
11. 744, in. 125, 225, 227, 416, 458, 474, IV. 18, 40, 174 n. I, 451, 514, 515, 531, 573, 578, 816, 817
Tholos ossuaries,
see Burials,
Minoan
— tombs, Minoan — of hypogaeum under South Porch Knos104 — used by shepherds of Mount see Burials,
at
sos,
I.
Ida,
shelters,
—
40 well house II.
at
Arkhanes,
Prof. 'd'Arcy,
44 on Aristotle's
11.
des-
cription of a butterfly, in. 149 n. i Thomson, Prof. Arthur, on anatomy of Minoan
n. 783, in. 497 n.
i,
506, 507
pottery, iv. 131,
— — inventor of draughts, 480 555 Thothmes 651 207, 497, — of with Crete, 270 421, — emplojrment of negroes by, n. 757 — annals references Keftiu and Cyprus 656 — hymn of victory mention of Keftiu and Syrian ships n. 657 — of of Megiddo, 796 III,
11.
iv.
534,
iv.
i.
269, n.
•
i
to
of,
of,
at,
i.
victor
Battle
Three Palms motive,
46
of,
in,
tradition of bull-grappling feats by, IV.
date
of,
in, II.
of
24 n. 2 Theseus, i. 12 230,
at Phaestos,
817 n. 2 gold bead-seals from,
relations
561, 637, IV. 715 iv.
i
I.
marble figurine from, 11. 835 potsherd from, with Linear Script A,
— Minoan
from Shrine
134 Thoth, II. 763, 788, III. 151 associated with cow and calf,
11.
of, site
n.
i.
n. 6
reliefs,
n.
iv.
n.
i.
4
Thorn motives on M.M. lla
i
— from, 2 391 — bronze sword blade from, — fragment from, 473
sor of Sparta,
4,
rings from, 11. 50 n. 2, 278, 334, 340, 342, 482, 785 n. 4, 788, III. 123, 127, 137, 1457. 470-4. IV- 44. 129, 947, 949 et seqq.
507
11.
of User-amon,
III.
24
Thompson,
Thermos
14,
figures
III.
882
I.
I.
n.
genuineness
534. 656, 728, 739-44. IV. 269, 329, 653, 753 of Senmut, 11. 166, 178, 425, 534, 647,
Therapna, HiU
11.
74
iv.
I.
480
11. 448, 450 of Men-kheper'ra-senb, 11. 207, 535, 648, 649, 651, 728, 738, 745, IV. 269 of Puemra, 11. 739, 754
alabastra
i
in, in.
of Ken-amon,
IV.
n.
n.
11.
with
2
419, 709, 714,
i.
from,
522, 557, 728 n. I, 736-48, 836, 837, 102, IV. 554, 791 of Amenemhet, 11. 732, 733 n. i
648, 727,
in.
Thisbe, sepulchral treasure
136 n. 2
steatite
institution
iv.
739 Kolonaki cemetery
Tomb
— of Delian Crane Dance by, — on Greek gems, 188 Thessaly, 2 44 — Neolithic culture 20 — bull-sports 229, 230, — megaron with fixed hearth 4524 2 — pottery from, 38 2 — notched stone arrow-heads from, 838 — steatopygous female from, 45 in,
iii.
IV.
from,
(cont.)
iv. 18,
274, 276, 288, 367; L.M. Ic, IV. 293, 367 Kadmeion at, fresco of female figures
II.
THRONE
[212]
Thebes, Boeotian, Minoan
iv.
see
Palms
Throne, Room of the, at Knossos, Rnossos at Mycenae, 11. 679
see under
THRONE Throne
TOOLS
[313]
Tipasa, Tonibeau de la Chritienne
{cont.)
— of Knossos, Hall of Double Axes, TireboU, mines 169 Tiryns, 41 2 333-8, 339, 935 — gypsum, from Room of the Throne, 607, — connexion of with — resemblances of Palace 917-19 State at
in
in.
I.
silver
at, 11.
n. 40,
IV.
Anatolia,
IV.
IV.
of,
in.
Throne,
Throne
iv.
sign, in
905 Linear Script A,
— — in Linear Script B,
— and sceptre
the
of
of the
617, 682
in Linear Script B, iv. 682, 687, 688,
72p. 795 Throwing-sticks, Egyptian use of,
97 n. 2 — - on rhyton from Mycenae, in. 97 Thueris, see Ta-Urt Thunder-bolt, Egyptian cult of, 11. 28 cloud pattern, Chinese, i. 358 stones,
II.
178 n.
2,
askos pottery from,
iv.
in.
iv.
n. 5
26
'
Tiryns,
Timber,
Tin
see
11.
IV.
bull-sports, in. 208, iv. half-rosette, n.
593
shields, in. 395, 304, iv. 786,
stag-hunt,
i.
i.
distribution
933
514, in. 133, 196, 519,
580, 835, 839
— amber beads from, n. 174 — faience ornament from, — —
44 4
n.
3 302 n. 3 figurine of Resheph from, in. 477 goblet, L.M. Ic, from, iv. 368 n.
11.
— gold signet-rings from, n. 245, 430, 460 — Minoan on sherds from,
IV.
I.
228, 392,
23, IV. 373,
734. 739. 741 Toad on gold pendant from Kumasa, in. 412, IV. 76 Togoland, use of sheath
40
Wood
trade, early,
iv.
I. 534, iv. 933 animal drinking from rhyton, n. 769 boar-hunt, iv. 574
script
Tiles from Medinet Habu, n. 35 n. 3 used for roof of building under Palace at
—
with with with with with with
calf
Tiepolo, frieze of Villa Contarini by, in. 56 II.
n. 594,
IV.
874, 87s use of green pigment in,
81
Tibetans, practice of hair-offering among,
Tigris,
inlaid friezes
n. 5
444 seqq. oriental origin of, iv. 465 476
in.
identical with
—
—
fixed
Knossian), n. 620, 730, 750, in. 372,
Thymiateria, see Incense burners Tiamat, serpent dragon of Chaldaea, IV. 186 Tiara characteristic head-dress of Minoan Goddess, 11. 831, 832, in. 438, iv. 36; of
boy-God,
to
quarters, in.
•
15
Minoan
relation
;
sacrificial pit, iv.
III.
Thureau-Dangin, Monsieur, on cow and motive in Syro-Phoenician art, iv. 555 Thyatira,
21, ni.
iv.
11.
III.
— —
of
n. i
I.
11.
iv.
iv. 701, 787 Linear Script A, i. 624, 625
sign, in
— — 245 — Megara, n. 350, 351 — Propylaea, 692, 694, 695 Knossian, n. 692 — 144 — women's 350 — hearths, 350 — painted stucco pavement, 895 — sculptured and from, 327, 243, 897 351, 595, — frescoes from (buds of palmette galleries,
iv.
with that
Knossos, I. 24, 141, II. 692, 695, III. 351, 352; with Mallia and Phaestos, in. 351 circular building under Palace, n. 40
reconstruction of prototype,
919
21
11.
at
— wooden, remains from Hall Double Axes, 333-8, 935 — from Ante-room of Room
39
2
n.
11.
woodwork
at, II.
n.
in, n. 35 Toilette articles, Cretan, Egyptian origin of, n.
23, 176, 178
from Cantabria and Corn-
wall through Crete,
11.
176, 179
55 — box of Queen Shubad,
iv.
529
— Egyptian use Tombat, Australian, 178 97 — M.M. use Tombs, Burials 176 Tonsure on of youthful God from in 132 — boss from Monte Bradoni, n. 176 Crete, 475 — buttons, loi Tools, bronze, from N.W. House from near Volterra, Knossosj n. — from Abydos, n. 179 415 — M.M. H hieroglyph, 281 — studs, from Monte Bradoni, n. 169 in.
of, 11. 176, 177,
of,
I.
alloys,
23, i.
see
II.
195, in.
n.
figurine
i
S.
iv.
conical,
at
i.
flask
conical,
as
i.
TOOLS Tools
—
TRIPOD ALTARS
[214]
Tree, sacred
(cont.)
on rock-carvings of Col
Toreador,
see
di
Tenda,
11.
on
170 n. 4
Taureador, Bull-sports
'Tortoise-shell ripple' ware, see Pottery
Mycenae,
iii.
city
on
silver
rhyton from
iii.
139 (Fig- 70 bis) Tower Houses, Albanian, Cycladic,
11.
148 Trees, on frescoes from Knossos, from Tiryns, 11. 620
11.
483,
iii.
11.
II.
i.
249,
188, 370, 607, 754,
III.
i.
— — — from Egypt to N. Greece, i68 — from N. and W. Europe to Greece and Crete, 176 — from to W. Europe, 170 — from mouth of Rhone 170 4 — from Spain 180 E. Mediterranean, 11.
174,
Italy
11.
Adriatic,
to
11.
n.
to
II.
Trahonas, tomb with corbelled keel vaulting
at,
771 n. 5 Transport, Minoan, i. 224, 11. 156-8: and see Cart, Chariot, Horse, Ox IV.
Trapezoid
flints,
relation of to arrows,
11.
49
n.
7
Trays, pottery, Middle Neolithic, i. 37 Treasury of Atreus, see Mycenae Trebizond, silver mines near, 11. 169 n. 2
M.M.
I clay
model
of,
from
to
Minoan Goddess, :
i.
635,
iii.
99
i.
see
Tree
sign, Egyptian, influence of
on Minoan
11.
iv.
236,
315 Triangle in L.M. II ceramic ornament, iv. 305 sign in Linear Script A and B, iv. 681 broken, on L.M. II flask from Temple
— —
•
616,
IV.
305 n. 2
as sacral
symbol in
316, IV. 559 sign in Linear Script B,
II.
in
sphragistic
art,
III.
Cypro-Minoan
iv.
720
Script, iv. 759
M.M. la, 11. 300 M.M. II, I. 231, 232, 234 M.M. Ill, II. 305, 419 M.M. III-L.M. I, II. 298
Trickle ornament,
on
pithoi,
I.
231, 232, 234,
298, 419
11.
Tridacna, see Shell
Trident sign as mason's mark, 290, 323, 343, III. 244, Triglyph motive, on pottery, II.
i.
IV.
364, 394, 401,
995
L.M.
Ill, IV.
on ring from Tiryns, iv. 228, 461 on robe of Goddess in Procession II.
350
Fresco,
731
Trigonon, four-stringed harp,
Petsofa,
i.
250,
and see Religion on bead-seal from Idaean Cave, iv. 211 on gems from Mainland, iv. 550 on Hagia Triada sarcophagus, i. 438 142, IV. 392
345
on stone seat at Phaestos, 11. 606 and see Rosette and triglyph
153
— sacred
620
iv.
silver
— impaled,
55 in antiquity, i. 15, 493, 494, 11. 168, 254, 255 across Crete, 11. 60-92, 165, 167-91
11.
— in ceramic ornament, L.M. — on M.M. HI., 491 — on rhyton from Mycenae, — on Town Mosaic, 302, 310 — and Olive-trees
Tomb,
342, 370, IV. 210 vases buried with children, iv. 1008
7, 85, 87, 162,
Trade-routes, Neolithic,
11.
— —
299
11.
301-14, 355, 488,
•
iv.
on Ring of Nestor,
482, 788, III. 146 ff., 155 'Tree of Paradise', medieval,
ornament, 11. 202, iv. 136 Linear B, IV. 668, 685 Linear B, on prism seal, 11. 203, 204 Trefoil inlays in Minoan stone work,
299 299 at Knossos, 11. 301, 370 on Town Mosaic, iii. 370 Town Mosaic, M.M. II, from Knossos,
Minoan,
III.
137, 138,
II.
sealings,
92
pyxis, 11. 40 n. 4 Tower, round, painted clay stand (L.M> II), from Gournia, with window openings, perhaps model of Shrine, 11. 133, 134,
Tree,
iii.
II, iv.
90
— on sealing from Zakro, — stone Melian
•
432,
•
Towers of besieged
Toy
i.
346, 951 'Tree of the World'
Toronto Museum, chryselephantine statuette of Minoan Goddess in, iv. 28, 31, 34, 38, 472 Tortoises, figures of, M.M. I, from Petsofa, i. 153
(cont.)
signet-rings,
11.
835
Tripod altars, use of in Minoan shrines, 11. 283 from shrine at Gournia, 11. 283 n. 2 from Knossos, N. Quarter, i. 387 Vault under S.E. Angle, 11. 334 Shrine of the Double Axes, 11. 283,336 House of the Sacrificed Oxen, ti. 283, 302
TRIPOD ALTARS
Tripod altars (cont.) from Niru Khani, i. 437 on Syro-Hittite cylinders, iv. 454 cauldron, bronze, from Phaestos, 11. 131 n. 3 hearths, used in Crete from M.M. onwards,
— —
20,
350 from Chamaezi, i. 147 from Gournia, iv. 151, 179 from Knossos, i. 390, 551, 571, in. 343, 350 n. 2, IV. 72, 151, 152, 179 from Mycenae, iv. 179, 180 from Niru Khani, 11. 283, iv. 179 from Zafer Papoura, 11. 563 associated with Snake Goddess, 11. 20,
II.
—
III.
pots,
III.
350
n. 2, IV. 143, 151, 152,
M.M.
Ill,
I.
L.M., from Phaestos, at,
I.
— route from to Lake Chad, —
312
of, 11.
Triton, see Shell
silver,
20-2, 193,
I.
IV. 428 n. i Troglodyte dwellings, in connexion with
11.
tholoi,
n- 39 Troll-drums, Lapp, compared with Minoan
sacred shield, in. 315
Trophonios, Cave
of, offerings
of honey cakes
156
Trowel sign on Minoan 838 n. Troy, II. 2
seals,
204, 835 n. 3,
11.
— Minoan connexions with, 194 — settlement 56 pottery from, 38 — Second gates 694
iv.
11. I.
station at,
ladle
687
IV.
Trypeti,
11.
ii-
159,
and
438, 439, Trussing, Libyan practice :
64,
11.
I.
see
64>
Arkhanes
of, 11.
45
82, 83, 232, 238, 453
— communication with Mesara, — evidence quarter — fragment of larnax from, 83 — house-floors 32 — pottery from, 83
11.
for lapidaries'
83
at, 11.
237
11.
n. 3
I.
clay
figurine
from,
I.
50 n. I Tsani Maghula, steatopygous clay figurine from, I. 50 n. i Tsountas, Dr. Ch., discoveries at Mycenae, 11.
599
n. I, 697,
832
n. 3, III. 61 n. 4, iv. 244,
442 Vapheio, in. 127 n. 2, 180 n. 2 Chalandriane and St. Andreas, I. 156 n. 2 on siege scene on silver rhyton from
I.
at, I.
20, 58, 62, 97,
Mycenae, in. 94 n. 3 Tukh, discoveries at, n. 23 Tukhulkha, Etruscan demon, Tulips, on M.M. Ill pottery, .Tumblers, Egyptian, Greek, iv. 508 Homeric, iv. 508
— — — Minoan,
n. 2,
62
crystal disk from,
I.
471 dagger-blades from, 11. 182 gold arm ring from, I. 97 gold object from, 11. 194 at, 11.
of, 11.
11.
182
I.
City,
502
of, as tributaries
on tomb of in,
181
— rock tombs n. 181 — Neolithic settlements in,
21, 22,
— Sixth isodomic masonry — fixed open hearths 20 — towers on walls 270
188
605 502, 507, 508 i.
502, 506-8.
seals, iv.
Tunep, princes
II.
of, 11.
bone objects from,
iv.
iv.
iv.
Men-kheper'ra-senb, n. 535, 745 Tunisia, Megalithic dolmen-like monument
20,
i.
fortifications at
Tun-shell, see Shell
191, 193,
City,
117,
I.
on
5
first
in.
I.
on
51, 191
169 n. 2, IV. 766 primitive figurines from,
in, IV.
IV.
sling-bullets
at
11.
Troad, early source of
—
seals
Tsangli, steatopygous
131 n. 3
11.
•
Tritonis, Lake,
(cont.)
11.
11. 756 169 n. 2 Triquetras, in Minoan ornament, I. 94, 11. 197 in Mycenaean ornament, il. 197 Triskelis sign in Linear Script B, iv. 711
mines
Troy
— cylinder from, 496 — haematite from, — owl-faced images from, 47 99 — pottery from, 81 179, 265, — spindle-whorls from, 42 TruUos, votive 66 — limestone from, 623-5,
at,
179
213 n. 2
Tripoli, gold dust trade
Tripolis, silver
TURNER
[215]
n. 5
of, 11.
188
Tunny
fish,
IV.
685
head
of,
in,
n. 756
sign in Linear Script B,
Turin Museum, 12th Dynasty scarab in, 11. 207 n. 3 Turks, siege of Rocca (Kanli Kasteli) by, n. 74 Turner, William, on dittany in England, n. 70 n. 4
:
TURRETS
Ur
Towers
Turrets, see
Tusks, boar's, on Minoan helmets, iii. 87, 98, 230, IV. 868 from Minoan helmet from L.M. Ilia grave at Zafer Papoura,
868, 869
iv.
IV.
—— •
steatite rhyton,
My-
iii.
98,
ill.
Tutankhamen, candlesticks from tomb
of,
11.
127 n. 2
Tweezers from early Cycladic tombs, I.
I.
loi
at, 11.
iii.
kings,
65 n.
religious art, IV. iv.
on Ur-Nina, age of, 11. 276 Urns, see Burials Ursa Minor, connexion of with Ta-Urt, iv. 436 User, diorite statuette of, from beneath pavement of Central Court at Knossos, i. 18, Urfirniss, see Pottery, lustrous paint
of
i
in
60, 219, 220, 801, HI. 5, IV. 985
II.
Minoan
at
11. 166, 534, 535, 648, 736, 737, 738, III. 178, IV. 44 Usertesen I, throne of at Tanis, 11. 477 n. i
V
n. 4, ill.
11.
ill.
I.
iv.
ill.
inlaid
35,
n.
11.
i.
i
n.
11.
Ill,
iv.
11.
IV.
steatite
III.
iii.
tablets,
11.
iv.
Valens, earthquake in Crete in Consulship
Valentinian, earthquake in Crete in Consulship of, II.
313
Van, ceremonial axes from, 11. 274 Van Hoorn, Dr. G., on Minoan loin-clothing, III. 461 n. 6 Vapheio shaft graves
tholos
at, i.
tombs
at,
24
date
of, 11.
364,
iv.
243, 283,
419 bronze axe of Syrian type from,
in
Mycenaean
structures,
11.
Tyre, 11. 251 Tzakkaras, on pylon of Medinet Habu,
dagger-blade,
41
96 i.
664,
666
u Ukh-hotep, tomb of, 11. 744 Uley, long barrows of, apsidal recesses
inlaid,
iv.
from,
418 in.
n. I, 127, 128
gold cups from, I. 245, 525, 676, 715, 717, II. Ill, 276, 363, 452, 790 n. 2, III. 2, III, 177-85, 188, IV. 10, 22, 444 signet-ring from,
i.
162 n.
i,
in. 69,
70, 136, 140, 149, IV. 512 in,
pottery from,
11.
181
IV. 11.
of,
"313
809
Tympanum
Umma,
Thebes, wall-paintings
tributaries in,
lb, iv.
11.
lb, II.
11.
I.
User-amon, tomb of
— break in history of L.M. 786, 885 — bronze figure of man from, 47 450 — cauldron from, 123, 569, 570, 624 — clay figure of votary from, 633-6, 461, 462 — copper ingot from, 652 — frescoes from, miniature, 88 — ivory box from^ 482, 732 — obsidian rhyton from, 56 6 — pottery from, M.M. 638 71, 418, 286 L.M. 426, — female figurine from. 426 sphinx from, 425 — inscribed, from, 156, 219, 796,
124,
built, iii.
286-90,
loi
Tyana, ApoUonios of, 11. 765 Tylissos, Minoan road to, 11. 232 houses at, 11. 232, 347, 567 reservoir
steatite
•
184 sealing from Hagia Triada, iv. 868 ornaments of, Early Helladic, iv. 870
— from Mochlos,
iv.
iv.
parallels,
869 on silver rhyton from Mycenae, 868 IV.
on on
{cont)
— flower cone mosaics from, 423 — standard mosaic from, 810 — boar stand from, 424 — well cylinder 259 Uraeus of Egyptian 755 — Minoan 509 — influence of on 465 — — on Linear Script B, 686 at,
represented on ivory relief from cenae,
VAPHEIO
[3l6]
264
L.M.
lb, 11.
489, in. 177,
274, 364 seals from,
i.
695,
11.
785, in 69, 116,
on houses of time of Ham-
123. 513. IV. 392, 404, 412, 414, 418, 419,
murabi, IV. 810 n. 5 Ur, Sir L. Woolley's excavations at, iv. 811, 813 animal inlays from, 11. 262, iv. 509 cylinder seal from, iv. 814
453. 544. 547. 560, 570, 573. 585. 690. 807, 815, 8i6, 820
Ungnad, Dr.
— —
A.,
silver
bowl from, n. 641
ladle from, iv.
939
n. i
VAPHEIO
VISALA
[217]
'Vapheio' type of cup, date in pottery, in stone,
11.
of, II.
Vegetable
175
Crocus,
see
Mimosa,
Iris,
Olive, Plants, Reeds, Rose, Saffron, Trees,
380
11.
Minoan,
ornament,
Dittany, Flowers, Foliate,
175
on Tablet in Linear Script B,
ii.
Tulip, Violet, &c.
420,
533
Vegetation, symbols of on talismanic bead-seals,
on wall-paintings of tombs of Senmut and User-amon, 11. 534, iii. 178 and see Amyklae
IV. 448, 449 Vehicles, wheeled,
Vari, Africa, lapis lazuli cylinder from, iv. 409 Vases, see Alabaster, Amethystine Spar, Breccia,
Bronze, Calcite, Faience, Gold, Lapis lacedaemonius Limestone, Marble, Pottery, Silver, Steatite, Stone ,
— borne by Minoan ings of
tombs
at
on wall-paint-
tributaries
Thebes,
11.
116, 166, 178,
207, 226, 425, 535, 647-51, 727, 728, 736III. 178, IV. 44, 262, 266, 269, 329, 464,
— portrayed on nar Hall
753, 880, 882 vase tablets from Tricolum-
3,
Knossos,
at
730-2
iv.
iv. 808 Minoan, 11. 154, iv. 807, 808 and see Cart, Chariot Velchanos, cult of at Hagia Triada, Phaestos, II.
11.
72s
on signet-ring from Thisbe,
Minoan road
Vasilies, village of, Vasiliki,
83 n. 3, 253, 255 II and III houses at,
III.
near,
473, 474
66
11.
11.
— E.M. 209, 528, — pottery from, clay353
of, 11.
E.M. E.M. E.M.
M.M. M.M. ment
in
I.
IV.
Lunghi
Ill,
II.
305
Danube
II.
in
iv.
of the Frescoes at Knossos, 605,
i.
11. 11.
454, 469
la,
I.
605,
469
II.
A.D. 1856,
II.
314 of, iv.
IV.
234
n.
4
241 n. i clay figures of Aegean type from, 11.
21 n. 2
Age urns from,
li.
429,
637
Vine associated with Goddess, iv. 628 Violet, on Mount Ida and Nida basin, 11. 464 n. 2 yellow, on fresco from Hagia Triada, 11. 464 Virey, Monsieur, on wall-painting of tomb of
—
:
Gallery, iv. 631
in Pillar Crypt of Royal Villa,
11.
525
Men-kheper'ra-senb,
11. 535 n. 3 483 n. 3, iii. 284 Virgin, medieval worship of, 11. 277 Hymn to, 11. 252 Mother, Anatolian and Libyan worship
Virgil cited, in Pillar Crypt of Little Palace, Niru Khani, II. 234
11.
525
Vaulting, Maltese, at Hal-Saflieni, 11. 182 Minoan, of keel-vaulted tomb at Isopata,
i.
70,
11.
— —
— 48 71 771 44, — Minoan keel-vaulted tombs Minet-el-Beida — Minoan road by, remains and Ras Shamra, 771 pottery from, — Sumerian, of Queen's Tomb Ur, 260 II.
Ill,
471, 619 Djami, at Candia, destroyed in earth-
I.
413, 925
279
340
Vase
Villanova, Early Iron
n. 2
at
for, ill.
60, 61
— on pottery, M.M.
Villafrati,
820
Long
i.
— —
as orna-
Vats, stone, at Knossos, under Tricolumnar Hall,
56
Victoria Nyanza, Lake, canoes on,
Valley, iv. 109 n. 7
539 231
House of, 11. 39, 131, 132 Temple of, 11. 131 Vestibules of Tombs, Egyptian, 11. 37 of tholos at Kumasa, 11. 36 Vetches (or wild peas), on fresco from House
quake of
n. 3
11.
Vesta,
363
Vatheia, haematite bead-seal from, 11.
in, iii.
Minoan expedients
Vertical handles,
L.M.
M. M., on use of cowries
Vathianos stream,
Ventilation,
Viano, breccia from vicinity
186, 193
of, iv.
Venice, Palazzo Grassi, wall-paintings by Pietro
255
107
I, I.
Vasitch, Prof.
72, 103, 107,
and bull on didrachms
Venetians, fortification of Candia by,
Vezu
77-9,
I.
Ill,
i,
60
I, I.
II,
I.
21,
II.
843
Velia, lion
Vessel, see
on Procession Fresco from Knossos,
IV.
of,
— — Egyptian,
48,
653, 729 n.
Chaldaean origin
807, 809
II.
Visala,
IV.
11.
at
at, 11.
iv.
at
iii.
11.
71, 73
68, 11.
72
71, 166
of,
VLASSOPOULO
WARRIORS
[218]
damaged
Vlassopoulo, Kurios, excavations on behalf of
Voutes, village
Lord Elgin at Mycenae, iii. 193 n. 3 Vlasto, Monsieur M. P., Syro-Hittite cylinder
1856 and 1926, II. 315, 317 Vrokastro,proto-Geometric pottery from, 11. 138 Vulci, engraved ostrich egg-cup from, i. 595 n. i Vulpi, Dr. R., on Adriatic form of Chaldaean axe, introduced by Phoenician agency, iv.
in collection of, iv. 409 n. 2
Vlychia stream,
Vo sign,
11.
Cypriote,
93, 98, 103, 104, 141, 150, 373
484
11.
VoUgraff, Dr., excavations of Deiras cemetery at
Argos,
iv.
-
tholos
tomb
at, I.
at, I.
lilies
i.
11.
w
24
97, n.
Wace,
i, iv.
near,
Prof. A. J. B., discoveries at Mycenae, 222 n. 2, 559, II. 599, III. 61 n. 4, 63 n. 151, 201
274, 293
11.
169
n. 5
iii.
I.
Votaries, impersonation of animal victims by,
432
— of Minoan Goddess, female, —
iv. 954, 955 male, in. 459-63, 472, 473 ; dress of, III. 461, IV. 401 figures of, bronze, i. 507, 632, 681, 11. 47, 235. "I- 45°. 460, 461, IV. 38, 198
terra-cotta,
237
I. 13, 151-3, 158, 663, 11. 33, n. I, 336, 339. 442. 556, "I- 439. 45°.
— animals, figures 153, 158 — from Central Shrine Knossos, 48,51. — from Knossos, 175 — bowl, Neolithic, from Knossos, 12 at
M.M.
11.
II,
180
I.
I.
37 — double Axes, double — 623, 433, 438, 687 — locks of in 482 — monument from Thessalian Thebes, 480 — to Phanourios and Hagia 231 — robes, from Temple Repositories, 718 435. 498. 506, 11.469, 476, — on Hagia Triada sarcophagus, 438 — Shrines — from Nippur, 27 •
axes, see
ladles, stone,
I.
hair,
11.
159,
iv.
64,
steatite, iv.
iv.
offerings
Pelagia,
St.
II.
faience,
i.
IV.
ship,
I.
shrines, see tablet,
11.
bronze, from Psychro Cave,
790
— vases,
n. 3,
III.
69, 462, IV.
i.
632-5, n.
472
219, 252, II. 133 Vounous, clay model of household yard from, IV.
I.
166 n. 2
IV.
cornelian bead-seals, silver rhyton,
11.
839 n. 350 n.
iv.
170
i 1
n.
2
ill.
290 n. 2
from Tomb of Klytemi and 2 on stone statuette of Minoan Goddess in on
steatite pitkoi
Museum,
11.
237
n. i, IV. 32
on gold bowl from Midea, II. 505 n. 3 reconstruction of L.M. boar's tusk helmet,
i.
— deposit. Neolithic, from Phaestos,
i
faience hilt-plate, iv. 852 n. 2
Fitzwilliam
11.
late
n.
:
bronze arrow-plate, bull's head rhytons,
I.
arrovys,
bells,
on Mycenaean chronology, iv. 238 on shaft graves at Mycenae, iv. 839 on Large Megaron, iv. 181 on Tomb of the Genii, iv. 887 n. 2 on objects from Mycenae
i.
i,
nestra, iv. 233 nn.
461, 462, 476, IV. 67, 161, 162, 197 Votive Caves, see Cave Sanctuaries of,
in earthquakes of
n- 3
97, 500
— gold from, 500 — pottery from, 659 Volterra, sepulchral cave — ash chest from, 87 — copper dagger from, loi IV.
417
332
Volo, shaft graves
—
of,
A.D.
IV.
869
Wager system, used in quarrying, 11. 93 Wagon, see Cart Wainwright, Mr. G. A., on Keftiu, 11. 657 728 n. I, 748 n. I Waist, compression of,
see Belt
Wall-inscriptions, Islamic,
11.
n. 3,
under Dress
443
Wall-paintings, see Frescoes
Walls, incised signs on, see Mason's marks
Warde-Fowler, Dr. H., on birds on Hagia Triada sarcophagus, I. 440 n. i Warehouse, see Niru Khani Warka, see Erech Warren, Mr. E. P., donor of Dipylon Snakevase to Ashmolean Museum, iv. 164 n. 3 Warriors, on frescoes from Knossos, in. 31, 81106, IV. 841
— on Megaron — on painted 245 — on and
from Mycenae, ill. 86, 87 from rock tomb at Mycenae,
frieze
stela
IV.
seals
sealings, in. 313, 314, iv. 513
:
WARRIORS Warriors
WIGWAM
[219]
Weights, Minoan
(coni.)
— on rhyton from Mycenae, 312, 314, — on Town Mosaic, 99302, 308, — on vase from Mycenae, 295 silver
III.
89,
in. 87
i.
iv.
Water, conventional Egypt, IV. 329
representation
Mexico and Peru, on Minoan pottery, in
in
of,
358
I.
11.
539, iv. 329,
disk-shaped,
336, 351
on Town Mosaic, i. 302, 310 beetle, on M.M. I pottery fragment from
— Knossos, 182, — fowl, on L.M. Ill I.
on
and
lily,
II,
I.
of, in.
see
under Knossos
11.
66
on
pottery,
Axes,
Wax,
IV.
possible
Well,
Tomb
of the
Double
for candles,
11.
128
Wayland's Smithy, apsidal recess in, 11. 181 Waz, see Papyrus Wazet, Snake Goddess of Delta, i. 289, 291, 509, 704, 707,
II.
480, 776
— associated with Neith, with Ta-Urt, 464 — connexion with Minoan 11.
51, iv. 172
iv.
510,
II.
Goddess,
51, 220, IV. 172, 173 n.
I,
509,
i.
464, 554,
983 Wealth, diffusion of in
M.M. III-L.M. 1, 11. 569 Weapons, on rock carvings of Col di Tenda, 11.
—
170 n. 4 Axes, Bows,
see
Clubs,
Daggers, Maces,
Slings, Spears, Swords, Throwing-sticks
Weasels,
Weaving,
M.M.
I figures of,
Weights, Egyptian, I.
number
iv.
iv.
i.
153
i.
31
at
L.M.
I,
at
Arkhanes,
Knossos, under
11.
M.M.
at Pharos,
I.
294
44, 65
Illa house, in.
255. 256 of Gypsades,
11. 549, in. 255 n. 2, 276 Geometrical period on Royal Road, n. 576 late Mycenaean at Phylakopi, in. 256, 257 at Ur, III. 259 Welter, Dr., excavations at Aegina, n. 211 Wen-Amon, mission of, in. 69 n. 4 Weshptah, Khet-priest, n. 28 n. 5 Wheel, potter's, invention of ascribed to Talos, II. 116 n. I Wheel sign, in Linear Script A, I. 640, n. 249 in Linear Script B, I. 64 in Linear Script B on Mainland, iv. 743 Wheels, see Chariot wheels Whetstone, with bronze deposit from N.W. House at Knossos, n. 629
— —
^
Whip, three-thonged, on ring from Avdu,
iv.
807
— sign in Linear Script B,
663, 665
White paint used
619 of equalling an ingot,
bronze, lead-filled, IV-
from Petsofa,
see Textiles
— Minoan,
—
309
Minoan use of,
655 662
on King Khyan, I. 420 on pre-Hellenic harbour
Palai-
n. i
from
530
iv.
665 sphendonoid, iv. 655, 656 on Egyptian standard, iv. 654, 663, 665 on Babylonian standard, iv. 655 of one talent, iv. 650-2 Weill, Monsieur Raymond, on Egyptian chronology,
Wave and dot pattern, see Adder mark Waved ornament, on egg-shell cup from 219
530 bull, iv.
ox-head,
round,
653-5
iv.
652
seal, IV.
11.
11.
lion, IV.
74
— existence of in Crete, 463, 464 cup, M.M. from Knossos, 241 — supply, Minoan, advanced character 252-61 at Knossos, at Sylamos,
ingots, IV.
pottery, iv. 295, 358 sealings, in. 116, iv. 491,
and
seals
IV.
550.615
kastro,
(cont.)
from Knossos, iv. 665 gypsum, from Knossos, iv. 650-2 haematite, from Enkomi, iv. 656 from Knossos, iv. 655, 656 jasper, from Tell-el-Amarna, iv. 530 stone, from Knossos, iv. 654, 655 from Ras Shamra, iv. 530 from Zakro, iv. 662 gold,
302, 308,
i.
662 from Diktaean Cave, iv.
see
iv.
652
682, 807
women,
11.
50
Spindle-whorls
Whorl-shell, see Shell
Wigwam,
65s
copper, from Hagia Triada,
Whorls,
iv.
to represent
religious character of in Crete, n. 39
and see Hut
1
:
WILD CAT
Women, Minoan, on frescoes (cont.) M.M. III6, II. 602, 73 1 III. 38, 49, 50, 5
Wild cat, see Cat Wild duck, see Duck Wild pea, see Vetch Wilkin, Dr., on derivation of circles from bee-hive graves, 11. 38
,
L.M. Msila
at
Willersdorf, primitive figurine from,
45, iv.
i.
427 Williams, Miss B. E., on snake sanctuary at
Gournia,
Willows on
Wind,
Ill sealings, iv. 491 S.E., in Crete, 11. 86, iii. 293
Mycenaean, 11. 602, 730, 749, iii. 60 window on L.M. Ill bronze stand from Old Paphos, II. 602 Wood, export of from Crete, 11. 247, 657
— lavish use of M.M. 565 — shortage of in L.M. 518, 565 — use of building, 209, 213, 221, 228, in
370, 408,
II.
804, 807, I. 8,
11.
— use of coloured parchment for377panes 342 — openings resembling, above doors, 341 — on fresco from Mycenae, 444, 445, 377 — Linear Script A, 639 mason's mark, 664 926 — scenes, on frescoes from Knossos, 603,
of,
III.
ill.
11.
I.
sign, in
I.
as
n. i, iv.
11.
11.
III.
59, 60;
Wine,
Mainland,
60, IV. 875 consumption of in
469,
I.
444, 445,
11.
period,
iv.
628
— modern methods of preserving, in Crete,
—
n. I,
461,
604,
514,
968, 970 on stylobate of Queen's
Megaron
Knossos, iii. 368 caskets covered with gold plates, from 5th Shaft Grave, Mycenae, iv. 253
coffins in
at
iv.
n.
iii.
rh)rton
steatite
II.
Siut,
11.
statues, size of, iv.
of
—
Minoan Goddess
in
Great East Hall,
522, 523, 525, IV. 612 throne, from ante-room of III.
Throne,
iv.
Room
on
in pottery,
695 Woman sign in Linear Script A, iv. 700 in Linear Script B, iv. 668, 700, 707, 708 Women, Libyan, in male attire, 11. 35 I.
— Minoan, position
of, iii. 58, 59,
partial segregation of,
m.
performers in bull-sports, et seqq.,
296, 349, 350 35,
ill.
212
on frescoes at windows, III.
M.M.
i.
329,
Ill,
I.
I, i.
11.
59,
444 60
579
Wool, vessel perhaps for holding skein of, 11. 308 Woolley, Sir Leonard, discoveries at Ur, III. 259,
IV.
811, 813
on objects from
Serrin,
i.
49
n. 3
28 n. 5 Wrestlers, on fresco relief from Knossos, 585,
III.
of, 11.
11.
356,
497
Writing, see Script, Tablets
227
represented white in paintings,
602, 603,
M.M.
E.M.
Wr-hird, Egyptian cult
227
11.
333-8, IV. 935 imitated in stucco, I. 356, III.
Temple
from
sealings
—
of the
905
from Hall of the Double Axes,
548
Repository,
692,
92, 200, 287, 319, 324, IV.
— Temple Tomb Knossos, — dagger-hilt from Normanton, 119 977 2 — horns of bull from Knossos, 527 — model of black soldiers from 756, 757 — 194
11.
Winged monsters, M.M. Ill, i. 703-13 Wings as symbols of divinity, I. 708 Winter, Dr., on Minoan Genii, iv. 431 Wolves' heads,
258,
at
377,
III.
L.M.
414 III.
— benches,
377
on fresco from Mycenae,
11.
I.
of, 11.
11.
11.
Ill,
261, 306, 325-8, 333-5, 341, 344, 347-50, 361, 368, 369, 401, 445, II. 7, 105, 281, 349,
I.
at Mallia,
70, 71, 370, 371,
at
II.
I.
III.
6
IV.
iv.
at
550,
I.
I, 11.
— S.W., in Spring, 943 — South, 86 Windowrs, Minoan construction 409 — M.M. 221, 303, 305, 307, 370 — M.M; 332-4, 347-50, 352-5 — recessed, Knossos, 376 III,
la,
in
143 n. 4
iv.
M.M.
II,
XANTHUDIDES
[220]
I.
59-61,
Ilia,
444, 445, IV.
11.
11.
50
875
544-8, II. 333 n- I, 354. 427. 680, 682, 734, 817, 818, III. 50, 485, IV. 285, 518 I.
525,
526,
X
377, 409,
Xantho, lion and bull 539 Xanthudides, Dr. I.
147
reliefs
on tombs
S., discoveries at
of, iv.
Chamaezi,
XANTHUDIDES Xanthudides, Dr.
loo,
i.
1
16-19,
^5^ "•
^^-
Tomb
Zafer Papoura,
S., discoveries {cont.)
Kumasa,
at
ZYGOURIES
[32l]
of the Tripod Hearth
{cont.)
2,
tripod hearth from,
163 of tholos tombs of Mesara,
117,
I.
n. 36, 52 at
Niru Khani,
at Platanos, at Porti,
I.
at Pyrgos,
I.
437,
93 59 n.
—
281
2, 11.
n. i
11.
778 larnax from, L.M. IH,
Yemen,
11.
— — —
iv.
410
n.
i
ill.
147
788,
of,
on 'Ring of Nestor',
147, IV. 949 Yortan, flask body of vessel from,
Yuruks,
11.
483,
mantles
11.
n.
2
499
n. 4, iv.
329
stirrup vase,
of, 11.
742
11. 550 n. i, 640, iv. 300, 315 Linear Script A, iv. 660 Phoenicia
Zahn, Dr., on snake-tubes,
iv. 144 et seqq., 160 n. 4, 165 Zakro, port of E. Crete, commerce of, 11. 253
— town M.M. ni-L.M. 567 — sanctuary 151, 162 — pottery from, 611, 218, 224, 364, 133, 272 472, 473, 497, — sealings from, 274, 307, 434, 678-81, 686, of,
III.
felt
415
tablets,
Zahi, see
27
Yggdrasil, Scandinavian 'Tree of the World',
— Minoan form
ill.
li.
pottery from, in. 471, iv. 642, 1008 incense burners, iv. ion
14
Yarre, Hittite relief from,
847
— —
— sphinx from,
Y Yali Island,
283, 563
bronze arrow-plates from, IV. 838 dagger from, iv. 857 swords from, 11. 530, in. 313, iv. 850, 851, 853, 859 ivory mirror handle from,
122
lions. Hi.
524
iii.
iv.
II.
boars' tusks for helmet from, iv. 868, 869
280 n. i ornament, 11. 217
I.
on Minoan scroll Xeropotamos stream, 11. 231 Xerxes, camels of attacked by
Xoana of Daedalos,
11.
197, 198
I.
Grave 7, 11. 563 Grave 44, 11. 563 swords from, 11. 563,
11.
I, 11.
of,
179
n. 3
i.
i.
60,
11.
IV. 108,
I.
II. 188, 201, 254, 763, 769, 789, III. 85, 92, 100 n. 4, 136, 137, 188, 465 n. 6, 515, IV. 174, 248, 490, 521
699-707, 713, 716,
Zachyrakis, Kurios, excavations at Knossos,
IV.
667 Zafer Papoura:
cemetery
at,
13,
11.
— stone weight from,
230, 550
shown by contents
continuity of culture
of
Tarxien,
graves, iv. 356
preponderance of poor interments, varied types of graves, Chieftain's Grave,
bronze
evsrer
11.
11.
11.
563
550
563, iv. 860-6
from,
necklace from,
iv. 1
11.
851 11.
bronze objects from,
283, 563, iv.
11.
550
n. i,
11.
dagger from, ivory mounted,
iv.
849,
iv.
302
God,
iv.
46,
479
of, iv.
112
affinities of, iv.
n.
IV.
6, in.
iv.
of, II.
Zygouries, Early Helladic house
— clay image from, — pithos from, 250
in.
850
see
81, in.
Zunis, shell patterns on pottery
364, 727
ivory casket from,
Hal-
i,
— 429 — Cretan, 466, 467: and Minoan Youthful — of Doliche, Minoan 46 — Kasios, 781 2 — Labraundos, 283, 479, — Panamoros, 478, 479 — Velchanos, n. 843 — Dioscuri 342 I.
of the Tripod Hearth,
ion IV.
187 n.
at
190 Zazamankh, Khet-priest, II. 28 n. 5 Zeus Arbios, cult of, I. 631 Carian, identity of with Zeus Labraundos, 11.
IV.
17
563 onyx lentoid from, iv. 571 n. 2 spear-heads from, iv. 844 svyords from, 11. 550 n. i, 563, IV. 850,
Tomb
2,522,585,591,611,867 iv. 662 Zammit, Sir Temistocle, discoveries n.
I.
iv.
470 n. i
n. 6
at,
n. 20
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