Hesiod: The Homeric Hymns and Homerica (Loeb Classical Library #57)

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Author: Hesiod | Hugh G. Evelyn-White

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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL,D.

EDITED BY

G. P. GOOLD,

PR.D.

PREVIOUS EDITORS

t T. E. PAGE, C.R., LITT.D. t W. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. E. H. WARMINGTON,

t E. CAPPS, PR.D., LL.D. t L. A. POST, L.R.D. M.A., F.R.mST.SOC.

HESIOD THE HOMERIC HYMNS AND HOMERICA

,

:I "

f

~! I

57

HESIOD ."~

THE HOMERIC HYMNS AND HOMERICA WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

HUGH G. EVELYN-WHITE, M.A. IOW&TIK:r. SCHOL.j.B.

or

W.&.DBAK COLLEGE, OXJ'ORJ)

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON

WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MOMLXXXII

CONTENTS American ISBN 0-674-99063-3 BritiRh ISBN 434 9901;7 4

°

PAGE PREFACE

Vll

...

INTRODUCTION

IX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

xliii

1-283

RESIOD

First printed 1914 Reprinted 1920, 1926, 1929, 1936, 1943, 1950,

1954, 1959, 1964, 1967, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1982

Works and Days The Divination by Birds The Astronomy . . . . The Precepts of Chiron . The Great Works . . . The Idaean Dactyls . . The Theogony . . . . The Catalogues of Women and the Eoiae The Shield of HeracIes The Marriage of Ceyx The Great Eoiae The Melampodia The Aegimius Fragments of Unknown Position Doubtful Fragments THE HOMERIC HYMNS..

Printed Offset Litho and Bound in Great Britain by Fletcher & Son Ltd, Norwich

I.-To n.-To IlL-To Iv.-To v.-To vL-To vII.-To VIII.-To Ix.-To x.-To xL-To xIl.-To XIII.-To xlv.-To xv.-To XVI.-To

-,

Dionysus Demeter. Apollo Hermes . Aphrodite Aphrodite Dionysus· Ares Artemis . Aphrodite Athena . Hera Demeter. the Mother of the Gods HeracIes the Lion·hearted Asclepius . . . . . . .

2

64 66 72 74 76 78 154 220 254 256 266 270 274 280 285-463 286 288 324 362 406 426 428 432 434 434 436 436 436 438 438 440 v

CONTENTS (continued) xVII.-To the Dioscuri XVIII.-To Hermes . . xlx.-To Pan xx.-To Hephaestus XXI.-To Apollo xxII.-To Poseidon . xXIII.-To the Son of Cronus, Most High xXlv.-To Hestia . . . . . . xxv.-To the Muses and Apollo xxvI.-To Dionysus xVIl.-To Artemis . . . . . . XXVIII.-To Athena . . xXlx.-To Hestia . , . . . . xxx.-To Earth the Mother of All . xxxI.-To Helios xxxII.-To Selene XXXIII.-To the Dioscuri

THE HOMERIC HYMNS

THE EPIGRAMS OF HOMER

.

THE EPIC CYCLE

.

.

.

.

.

The War of the Titans The Story of Oedipus The Thebais The Epigoni The Cypria . The Aethiopis . The Little Iliad The Sack of Ilium The Returns The Telegony HOMERICA-

The The The The The The

Expedition of Amphiaraus taking of Oechalia Phocais . . . . . . . . Margites . . . . . . . . Cercopes . . . . . . . . . Battle of the Frogs and Mice

TRE CONTEST OF HOMER AND RESIOD APpENDIX

.....

.

ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX INDEX

vi

.......

.

440 440 442 446 446 448 448

448 450 450 452 452 454

456 458 458 460 465 479 480 482 484 486 488 506 508 520 524 530 532 532 534 536 538 541 565 599 610 629

PREFACE THIS volume contains practically all that remains of the post-Homeric and pre-academic epic poetry. I have f&r the most part formed my own text. In the case of Hesiod I have been able to use independent collations of several MSS. by Dr. W. H. D. Rouse; otherwise I have depended on the apparatus criticus of the several editions, especially that of Rzach (1902). The arrangement adopted in this edition, by which the complete and fragmentary poems are restored to the order in which they would probably have appeared had the Hesiodic corpus survived intact, is unusual, but should not need apology; the true place for the Catalogues (for example), fragmentary as they are, is certainly after the Theogony. In preparing the text of the Homeric Hymns my chief debt-and it is a heavy one-is to the edition of Allen and Sikes (1904) and to the series of articles in the Journal of Hellenic Studies (vols. xv. sqq.) by T. W. Allen. To the same scholar and to the

vii

PREFACE Delegates of the Clarendon Press I am greatly indebted for permission to use the restorations of the Hymn to Demeter, lines 387-401 and 462-470, printed in the Oxford Text of 1912. Of the fragments of the Epic Cycle I have given only such as seemed to possess distinct importance or interest, and in doing so have relied mostly upon Kinkel's collection and on the fifth volume of the Oxford Homer (1912). The texts of the Batrachomyomacltia and of the Contest of Homer and Hesiod are those of Baumeister and Flach respectively: where I have diverged from these, the fact has been noted. RA.MPTON, HE. CA.:M:BRIDG.&.

Sopt. 9th, 1914

Mr. D. L. Page, M.A., Student and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford, has added a second Appendix to this edition which contains all the fragments of Hesiod and the Homerica which have been discovered since Mr. Evelyn \"'hite revised his work in 1919. January, 1035.

viii

INTRODUCTION General

THE early Greek epic-that is, epic poetry as a natural and popular, and not (as it became later) an artificial and academic literary form-passed through the usual three phases, of development, of maturity, and of decline. No fragments which can be identified as belonging to the first period survive to give us even a general idea of the history of the earliest epic, and we are therefore thrown back upon the evidence of analogy from other forms of literature and of inference from the two great epics which have come down to us. So reconstructed, the earliest period appears to us as a time of slow development in which the characteristic epic metre, diction, and structure grew up slowly from crude elements and were improved until the verge of maturity was reached. The second period, which produced the Iliad and the Odyssey, needs no dcscription here: but it is very important to observe the effect of these poems on the course of post-Homeric epic. As the supreme perfection and universality of the Iliad and the Odyssey cast into oblivion whatever pre-Homeric poets had essayed, so these same qualities exercised a paralysing influence over the successors of Homer. If they continued to sing like their great pl'edecessor of romantic themes, they were drawn as by R kind of ix

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magnetic attraction into the Homeric style and manner of treatment, and became mere echoes'of the Homeric voice: in a word, Homer had so completely exhausted the epic genre, that after him further efforts were doomed to be merely conventional. Only the rare and exceptional genius of Vergil and Milton could use the Homeric medium without loss ilf individuality: and this quality none of the later epic poets seem to have possesse.d: Freedom from the domination of the great tradItIOn could only be found by seeking new subjects, and such freedom was really only illusionary, since romantic subjects alone are suitable for epic treatment. In its third period, therefore, epic poetry shows two divergent tendencies. In Ionia and the islands the epic poets followed the Homeric tradition, sin "'ing of romantic subj ects in the now stereotyped hel~ic style, and showing originality only in th~ir choice of legends hitherto neglected or summarIly and imperfectly treated. In continental Greece,1 on the other hand, but especially in Boeotia, a new form of epic sprang up, which for the romance and 7raiJo, of the Ionian School substituted the practical and matter-of-fact. It dealt in moral and practical maxims, in information on technical subjects which are of service in daily life-agricultul'e, astronomy, augury, and the calendar-in matters of rel~gion and in tracing the genealogies of men. Its attItude is summed up in the words of the Muses to the writer of the Theugony: "We can tell many a feign~d tale to look like truth, but we can, when we WIll, utter the truth" (Theog. 26-27). Such a poetry

could not be permanently successful, because the subjects of which it treats-if susceptible of poetic tr~atment at all-were certainly not suited for epic treatment, where unity of action which will sustain interest, and to which each part should contribute, is absolutely necessary. While, therefore, an epic like the Od,yssey is an organism and dramatic in structure, a work such as the Theogon!J is a merely artificial collocation of facts, and, at best, a pageant. I t is not surprising, therefore, to find that from the first the Boeotian school is forced to season its matter with romantic episodes, and that later it tends more and more to revert (as in the Shield of Heracles) to the Homeric tradition.

• oc. in Boeotia, Locris and Thessaly : elsewhere the move· ment was forced and unfruitful. X

The Boeotian School

How did the continental school of epic poetry arise? There is little definite material for an answer to this question, but the probability is that there were at least three contributory causes. First, it is likely that before the rise of the Ionian epos there existed in Boeotia a purely popular and indigenous poetry of a crude form: it comprised, we may suppose, versified proverbs and precepts relating to life in general, agricultural maxims, weather-lore, and the like. In this sense the Boeotian poetry may be taken to have its germ in maxims similar to our English "Till May be out, ne'er cast a clout," or " A rainbow in the morning Is the Shepherd's warning."

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Secondly and thirdly we may ascribe the rise of the new epic to the nature of the Boeotian people and, as already remarked, to a spirit of revolt against the old epic. The iloeotians, people of the class of which Hesiod represents himself to be the type, were essentially unromantic; their daily needs marked the general limit of their ideals, and, as a class, they cared little for works of fancy, for pathos, or for fine thought as s\lch. To a people of this nature the Homeric epos would be inacceRtable, and the po~t Homeric epic, with its conventIOnal atmosphere, Its trite and hackneyed diction, and its insincere sentiment would be anathema. We can imagine, therefore,'that among such folk a settler, of ~eoJic origin like Hesiod, who clearly was well acquamted with the Ionian epos, would naturally see that the only outlet for his gifts lay in. applying epic poetry to new themes acceptable to IllS hearers. Though the poems of the Boeotian school 1 were. unanimously assigned to Hesiod down to the age of Alexandrian criticism, they were clearly neither the work of one man nor even of one period: some, doubtless,' were fraudulently fathered on him in order to gain currency; but it is probable that most came to be regarded as his partly because of their general character, and partly because the n,,;mes ~f their real authors were lost. One fact m thIS attribution is remarkable-the veneration paid to Hesiod.

Lffe of llesiod.-Our information respecting Hesiod is derived in the main from notices and allusions in the works attributed to him, and to these must be added certain traditions concerning his death and burial gathered from later writers. Hesiod's father (whose name, by a perversion of Works and Days, 299 IIlpCT7] SLOV i"vo~ to IIlpCT7], A(ov i'lvo~, was thought to have been Dius) was a native of Cyme in AeoUs, where he was a seafaring trader and, perhaps, also a farmer. He was forced by poverty to leave his native place, and returned to continental Greece, where he settled at Ascra near Thespiae in Boeotia (Works and Days, 636 1f.). Either in Cyme or Ascra, two sons, Hesiod and Perses, were born to the settler, and these, after his death, divided the farm between them. Perses, however, who is represented as an idler and spendthrift, obtained and , kept the larger share by bribing the corrupt" lords" who ruled from Thespiae (Wor/es and Days, 37-39). While his brother wasted his patrimony and ultimately came to want (Works and Days, 34 ff.)"Hesiod lived a farmer's life until, according to the very early tradition preserved by the author of the Theogony (22-23), the Muses met him as he was tending sheep on Mt. Helicon and "taught him a glorious song"-doubtless the Works and Da.ys. The only other personal reference is to his victory in a poetical contest at the funeral games 'of Amphidamas at Chalcis in Enboea, where he won the prize, a tripod, which he dedicated to the Muses of Helicon (Works and Days, 651-9). Before we go on to the story of Hesiod's death, it will be well to inquire how far the "autobiographical" notices can be treated as historical,

, I The extant collection of three poems, Works and Days, 'Theogony and Shield of Heracl.s, which alone have come down to ~8 complete, dates at least from. the 4th century A,D.: the title of the Pari. Papyrus (Bib!. Nat. Suppl. Gr. 1099) names only the.. three works.

xii

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INTRODUCTION

especially as many critics treat some, or all of them, as spurious. In the first place attempts have been made to show that "Hesiod" is a significant name and therefore fictitious: it is only necessary to mention Goettling's derivation from i",I-" and 68o, (which would make" Hesiod" mean the" guide" in virtues and technical arts), and to refer to the pitiful attempts in the Et!Jmologicum Magnum (a.v. 'Hutooo,), to show how prejudiced and lacking even in plausibility such efforts are. It seems certain that" Hesiod" stands as a proper name in the fullest sense. Secondly, Hcsiod claims that his father-if not he himself-came from Aeolis and settled in Boeotia. There is fairly definite evidence to warrant our acceptance of this: the dialect of the Works and Da!Js is shown by Rzach 1 to contain distinct Aeolisms apart from those which formed part of the general stock of epic poetry. And that this Aeolic speaking poet was a Boeotian of Ascra seems even more certain, since the tradition is never once disputed, insignificant though the place was, even before its destruction by the Thespians. Again, Hesiod's story of his relations with his brother Perses have been treated with scepticism (see Murray, Anc. Gk. Literatwoe, pp. 53-54): Perses, it is urged, is clearly a mere dummy, set up to be the target for the poet's exhortations. On such a matter precise· evidence is naturally not forthcoming; but all probability is against the sceptical view. For (1) if the quarrel bet~een the brothers were a fiction, we should expect it to be detailed at length and not noticed allusively and rather obscurely-as we find I Dtr Dialekt de. HtsiodoB, p. 464: examples are ar'1/I"

it; (2) as MM. Croiset remark, if the poet needed a lay-figure the ordinary practice was to introduce some mythological person-as, in fact, is done in the Precepts of Chimn. In a word, there is no more solid ground for treating Perses and his quarrel with H esiod as fictitious than there would be for treating Cyrnus, the friend of Theognis, as mythical. Thirdly, there is the passage in the Theogon!J relating to Hesiod lind the Muses. It is surely an error to suppose that lines 22-35 all refer to Hesiod: rather, the author of the Theogon!J tells the story of his own inspiration by the same Muses who once taught Hesiod glorious song. The lines 22-3 are therefore a very early piece of tradition about Hesiod, and though the appearance of Muses must be treated as a graceful fiction, we find that a writer, later than the Works and Da!Js by perhaps no more than three-quarters of a century, believed in the actuality of Hesiod and in his life as a farmer or shepherd. Lastly, there is the famous story of the contest in song at Chalcis. In later times the modest version in the Works and Da!Js was elaborated, first by making Homer the opponent whom Hesiod conquered, while a later period exercised its ingenuity in working up the story of the contest into the elaborate form in which it still survives. Finally the contest, in which the two poets contended with hymns to Apollo,' was transferred to Delos; These developments certainly need no consideration: are we to say the same

(W. and D. 683) and xil'

&'''1'''''' (ib. 22).

) T. W. Allen suggest. that the conjoined DeHan and Pythian hymns to Apollo (Homerio Hymns III) may have suggested this version of the story, the Pythian hymn .howing .troDg oontinental influence.

xv

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INTRODUCTION

of the passage in the Works and Days? Critics from Plutarch downwards have almDst unanimDusly rejected the lilies 654-662, Dn the grDund that HesiDd's :\mphidamas is the hero, Df the Lelantine war between Chalcis and Eretria, whDse death may be placed d,y;a 705 B.c.-a date which is DbviDusly tDD IDW fDr the genuine HesiDd. Nevertheless, there is much to, be said in defence Df the passage. HesiDd's claim in the Works and Days is mDdest, since he neither pretends to, have met HDmer, nDrtD have sung in any but an impromptu, lDcal festival, so, that the supPDsed interpolatiDn lacks a sufficient mDtive. And there is nDthing in the cDntext to, ShDW that HesiDd's Amphidamas is to, be identified with that Amphidamas whDm Plutarch alDne CDnnects with the Lelantine War: the name may have been bDrne by an earlier Chalcidian, an apcestor, perhaps, Df the persDn to, whDm Plutarch refers. The stDry Df the end Df HesiDd may be tDld in Dutline. After the cDntest at Chalcis, HesiDd went to, Delphi and there was wamed that the" issue Df death shDuld Dvertake him in the fair grDve Df Nemean Zeus." AVDiding therefDre Nemea Dn the Isthmus Df Corinth, to, which he suppDsed the Draele to, refer, HesiDd retired to, OenDe in LDcris where he was entertained by Amphiphanes and GanyctDr, SDns Df a certain Phegeus. This place, hDwever, was also, sacred to, N emean Zeus, and the pDet, suspected by his hDstS Df having seduced their sister,! was murdered there. His bDdy, cast into, the sea, was brDught to, shDre by dDlphins and buried at OenDe (Dr, accDrding to, Plutarch, at Ascra): at a later time his bDnes were remDved to, OrchDmenus. The whDle 1 She i ••aid to have Kiven birth to tho lyrist StoBiohoruB. xvi

stDry is f,.ll Df miraculous elemen ts, and t.he variau" authorities disagree Dn numerDUS pDints Df detail. The traditiDn seems, however, to, be constant in declaring that Hesiod was murdered and buried at Oenoe, and in this respect it is at least as old as the time of Thucydides. In conclusion it may be worth while to add the graceful epigram of Alcaeus Df Messene (Palatine Anthology, vii 55). '0 • ,.. ., 'II O"'LQOOto '0 AOKpt.OOS £v Vf.P,€t uKtEP'P VEKVV " . , .I. '0 \. ".1.' .1' lJj.J.o.rat KpYJVtaOWV I\.ovo-av u;ro (T't'ETfpWV, I A.. r: .1, I I \ ~" , ... Ka.t 'Ta-r0Y V"t'wo-aVTO' YUA.UKTL DE 7rOl.j.J.€Vf.S alywv ,

;ppavav, ~av(}~ IU~&.p..EVOL fttALTto

I, ... " " l \ ....iouQ"'wv f' yap Kar., YlJPlJV U1TE7TVHV EVVEa.

TOI.1]V

~

...pla/3Evs KaOapwv yEV
"\Vhen in the shady Locrian grove Hesiod lay dead, the Nymphs washed his body with water from their own springs, and heaped high his grave; and thereon the gDat-herds sprinkled offerings Df milk mingled with yellDw-honey: such WaS the utterance of the nine 1\1" uses that he breathed forth, that DId man who had tasted Df their pure springs."

The llaiodic Poems.-The Hesiodic poems [aJ] into two groups accDrding as they are didactic (technical or gnomic) or genealogical: the first group centres round the W01'ks and Days, the secDnd round the Theogony. I. The Worles and Days.-The poem consists of four main seetiDns (a) After the prelude, which Pausanias failed to find in the ancient copy engraved on lead seen by him on Mt. HelicDn, CDmes a general exhortation to, industry. It begins with the xvii

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allegory of the two Strifes, who stnnd for wholesome Emulation and Quarrelsomeness respectively. Then by means of the Myth of Pandora the poet shows how evil and the need for work first arose, and goes on to describe the Five Ages of thc World, tracing the gradual increase of evil, and emphasizing the present miserable condition of the world, a condition in which struggle is inevitable. Ne~t, after the Fable of the Hawk and Nightingale, which serves as a condemnation of violence and injustice, the poet passes on to contrast the blessings which Righteousness brings to a nation, and the punishment which Heaven sends down upon the violent, and the section concludes with a series of precepts on industry and prudent conduct generally. (b) The second section shows how a man may escape want and misery by industry and care both in agriculture and in trading by sea. Neither subject, it should be carefully noted, is treated in any way comprehensively. (0) The third part is occupied with miscellaneous precepts relating mostly to actions of domestic and everyday life and conduct which have little 01' no connection with one another. (d) The final section is taken up with a series of notices on the days of the month which are favourable or unfavourable for agl'icultural and other operations. It is from the second and fourth sections that the poem takes its name. At first sight such a work seems to be a miscellany of myths, technical advice, moral precepts, and folklore maxims without any unifying principle; and critics have readily taken the view that the whole is a cento of fragments or short poems worked up by a redactor. Very probably Hesiod used much material of " far older <:late, just as Shakespeare used the Guta Roman-

orum, old chronicles, and old plays; but close inspection will show that the Works and Dags has a real unity and that the picturesque title is somewhat The poem has properly no technical misleading. object at all, but is moral: its real aim is to show men how best to live in a difficult world. So viewed the four seemingly independent sections will be found to be linked together in a real bond of unity. Such a connection between the first and second sections is easily seen, but the links between these Ilnd the third and fourth are no less real: to make life go tolerably smoothly it is most important to be just and to know how to win a livelihood; but happiness also largely depends on prudence and care both in social and home life as well, and not least on avoidance of actions which offend supernatural powers and bring ill-luck. And finally, if your industry is to be fruitful, you must know what days are suitable for various kinds of work. This moral aim-as opposed to the currently accepted technical aim of the poem-explains the otherwise puzzling incompleteness of the instructions on farming and seafaring. Of the Hesiodic poems similar in character to the Works and Dags, only the scantiest fragments survive. One at least of these, the Divination bg Birds, was, as we know from Proclus, attached to the end of the Works until it was rejected by Apollonius Rhodius: doubtless it continued the same theme of how to live, showing how man can avoid disasters by attending to the omens to be drawn from birds. It is possible that the Astronomg or Astrologg (as Plutarch calls it) was in turn appended to the lJivination. It certainly gave some account of the principal constellations, their

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dates of rising and setting, and the legends connected with them, and probably showed how these influenced human affairs or might be used as guides. The Precepts of Chiron was a didactic poem made up of moral and practical precepts, resembling the gnomic sections of the Works and Da.ys, addressed by the Centaur Chiron to his pupil Achilles. Even less is known of the poem called the Great Works: the title implies that it was similar in subject to the second section of the It'ol'ks and Days, but longer. Possible references in Roman writers 1 indicate that among the subjects dealt with were the cultivation of the vine ~d olive and various herbs. The inclusion of the judgment of Rhadamanthys (frag. 1): "If a man sow evil, he shall reap evil," indicates a gnomic element, and the note by Proclus 2 on Works and Days 126 makes it likely that metals also were dealt with. It is therefore possible that another lost poem, the Idaean Dact;yls, which dealt with the discovery of metals and their working, was appended to, or even was a part of the Great Works, just as the Divination by Birds was appended to the WOlks and Da;ys. II. The Genealogical Poems.-The only complete poem of the genealogical group is the Theogony, which traces from the beginning of things the descent and vicissitudes of the families of the godG. Like the Works and Days this poem has no dramatic plot; but its unifying principle is clear and Simple. The gods are classified chronologicallY: as soon as on~ generation is catalogued, the poet goes on to detad

the offspring of each member of that generation. Ex· ceptions are only made in special cases, as the Sons of Iapetus (II. 507-616) whose place is accounted for by their treatment by Zeus. The chief landmarks in the poem are as follows: after the first 103 lines, which contain at least three distinct preludes, three pri. meval beings are introduced, Chaos, Earth and Eros -here an indefinite reproductive influence. Of these three, Earth produces Heaven to whom she bears the Titans, the Cyclopes and the hundred-handed giants, The Titans, oppressed by their father, revolt at the instigation of Earth, under the leadership of Cronos, and as a result Heaven and Earth are separated,! and Cronos reigns over the universe. Cronos knowing that he is destined to be overcome by one of his children, swallows each one of them as they are born, until Zeus, saved by Rhea, grows up and overcomes Cronos in some struggle which is not described. Cronos is forced to vomit up the children he had swallowed, and these with Zeus divide the universe between them, like a human estate. Two events mark the early reign of Zeus, the war with the Titans and the overthrow of Typhoeus, and as Zeus is still reigning the poet can only go on to give a list of gods born to Zeus by various goddesses. After this he formally bids farewell to the cosmic and Olympian deities and enumerates the sons born of goddess to mortals. The pocm closes with an invocation of the Muses to sing of the" tribe of

I See Kinkel Npie. GraBe. Frag. i. 158 ff. • See Groat Workl. frag, 2.

women."

This conclusion served to link the TIzeogony to what must have been a distinct poem, the Catalogues of Women This work was divided into four (Suidas 1

See note on p. 113.

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says five) books, the last one (or two) of which was known as the Eoiae and may have been again a distinct poem: the curious title will be explained presently. The Catalogues proper were a series of genealogies which traced the Hellenic race (or its more important peoples and families) from a common ancestor. The reason why women are so prominent is obvious: since most families and tribes claimed to be descended from a god, the only safe clue to their origin was through tlie mortal woman beloved by that god; and it has also been pointed out that muUerrecht still left its traces in northern Greece in historical times. The following analysis (after Marckscheffel 1) will show the principle of its composition. From Prometheus and Pronoia sprang Deucalion and Pyrrha, the only survivors of the deluge, who had a son Hellen (frag. 1), the reputed ancestor of the whole Hellenic race. From the daughters of Deucalion sprang Magnes and Macedon, ancestors of the Magnesians and Macedonians, who are thus represented as cousins to the true Hellenic stock. Hellen had three sons, Dorus, Xuthus and Aeolus, parents of the Dorian, Ionic and Aeolian races, and the offspring of these was then detailed. In one instance a considerable and characteristic section can be traced from extant fragments and notices: Sal-' moneus, son of Aeolus, had a daughter Tyro who bore to Poseidon two sons, Pelias and N eleus; the latter of these, king of Pylos, refused Herades purification for the murder of Iphitus, whereupon Herades attacked and sacked Pylos, killing amongst the other sons of Neleus Periclymenus, who had the power of changing himself into all manner of shapes. 1 Huiodi Fragmenta, pp. 119 f. xxii

From this slaughter Neleus alone escaped (frags. 13, and 10-12). This summary shows the general principle of arrangement of the Catalogues: each line seems to have been dealt with in turn, and the monotony was relieved as far as possible by a brief relation of famous adventures connected with any of the personages-as in the case of Atalanta and Hippomenes (frag. 14). Similarly the story of the Argonauts appears from the fragments (37-42) to have been told in some detail. This tendency to introduce romantic episodes led to an important development. Several poems are ascribed to Hesiod, such as the Epithalamium of Peleus and Thetis, the Descent of Theseus into Hades, or the Circuit of the Earth (which must have been connected with the story of Phineus and the Harpies, and so with the Argonaut-legend), which yet seem to have belonged to the Catalogufl. It is highly probable that these poems were interpolations into the Catalogues expanded by later poets from more summary notices in the genuine Hesiodic work and subsequently detached from their contexts and treated as independent. This is definitely knmyn to be true of the Shield of Heracles, the first 53 lines of which belong to the fourth 'book of the Catalogues, and almost certainly applies to other episodes, such as the Suitors of Helen,1 the Daugltters of Leucippus, and the Marriage of Ce!Jx, which last Plutarch mentions as "interpolated in the works of Hesiod." To the Catalogues, as we have said, was appended another work, the Eoiae. The title seems to have 1 Possibly the division of this poem into two books (see p. 199) is .. division helonging Bolely to this .. developed poem," which may have incfuded in its second part a

summary of the Tale of Troy.

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arisen in the following way 1: the Catalogues probably ended (cp. Theogon.,! 963 If.) with some such passage as this: "But now, ye Muses, sing of the tribes of women with whom the Sons of Heaven were jOined in love, women pre-eminent above their fellows in beauty, such (or,!) as was Niobe (?)." Each succeeding heroine was then introduced by the formula ~ at'! "Or such as was ..... (cp. frags. 88, 92, etc.). A large fragment of the Eoiae is extant at the beginning of the Shield of Heracles, which may be mentioned here. The" supplement" (II. 57-480) is nominally devoted to a description of the combat between Heracles and Cycnus, but the greater part is taken up with an inferior description of the shield of Heracles, in imitation of the Homeric shield of Achilles (Iliad xviii. 478 If.). Nothing shows more clearly the collapse of the principles of the Hesiodic school than this ultimate servile dependence upon Homeric models. At the close of the Shield Heracles goes on to Trachis to the house of Ceyx, and this warning suggests that the Marriage of Ce!lx may have come immediRtely after the l'; ot1] of Alcmena in the Eoiae: possibly Halcyone, the wife of Ceyx, was one of the heroines sung in the poem, and the original section was" developed" into the l'Ylarriage, although what form the poem took is unknown. Next to the Eoiae and the poems which seemed to have been developed from it, it is natural to place the Great Eoiae. This, again, as we know from fragments, was a list of heroines who bare children to the gods: from the title we must suppose it to Ilave heen much longer than the simple Eoiae, but its

extent is unknown. Lehmann, remarking that the heroines are all Boeotian and Thessalian (while the heroines of the Catalogues belong to all parts of the Greek world), believes the author to have been either a Boeotian or Thessalian. Two other poems are ascribed to Hesiod. Of these the Aegimius (also ascribed by Athenaeus to Cercops of Miletus), is thought by Valckenaer to deal with the war of Aegimius against the Lapithae and the aid furnished to him by Heracles, and with the history of Aegimius and his sons. Otto jl;1iiller suggests that the introduction of Thetis and of Phrixus (frags. 1-2) is to be connected with notices of the allies of the Lapithae from Phthiotis and rolchus, and that the story of 10 was incidental to a narrative of Heracles' expedition against Euboea. The remaining poem, the Melampodia,. was a work in three books, whose plan it is impossible to recover. Its subject, however, seems to have been the histories of famous seers like Mopsus, Calchas, and Teiresias, and it probably took its name from Melampus, the most mmous of them all.

1 Goettling'. eXI,bnlltion.

xxiv

Date of the Hesiodic Poems.-There is no doubt that the Works and Days is the oldest, as it is the most original, of the Hesiodic poems. It seems to be ~istinctly earlier than the Theogony, which refers to It, apparently, as a poem already renowned. Two considerations help us to fix a relative date for the. Works. (1) In diction, dialect and style it is obVIOusly dependent upon Homer, and is therefore considerably later than the Iliad and 0d.,!ssey: moreover, as we have seen, it is in revolt against the romantic school, already grown decadent, and while xxv

INTRODUCTION the digamma is still living, it is obviously growing weak, and is by no means uniformly eff~~tive. . (2) On the other hand while trad,tIOll steadlly puts the Cyclic poets at various dates from 776 ?c. downwards, it is equally consistent in regardmg Homer and Hesiod as "prehistoric." Herodotus indeed puts both poets 400 years before hi.s own time' that is at about 830-820 B.C., and the eVidence stated abov~ points to the middle of the ninth century as the probable date for the Works and Days. The Theogon!J might be tentatively placed a century later; and the Catalogues and EOlae are again later, but not greatly later, than the Theogony: the Shield of Heracles may be ascribed to the later half of the seventh century, but there is . not evidence enough to show whether the other " developed" poems are to be regarded as of a date so low as this. , Literary Value of Hesiod.-Quintilian's 1 Judgment on Hesiod that" he rarely rises to great heights •.. and to "him is given the palm in the middle-class of speech" is just, but is liable to give a wrong impression. Hesiod has nothing that remotely approaches such scenes as that between Priam and Achilles, or the pathos of Andromache's preparations for Hector's return, even as he was falling before the walls of Troy; but in matters that com~ wit~in the range of ordinary experience, he rarely falls to rise to the appropriate level. Take, for instance, the description of the Iron Age (Works and Da.1fs, 182 ff.) with its catalogue of wrongdoing and violence ever increasing until Aidos and Nemesis are forced to 1 X.

xxvi

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INTRODUCTION leave mankind who thenceforward shall have "no remedy against evil." Such occasions, however, rarely occur and are perhaps not characteristic of Hesiod's genius: if we would see Hesiod at his best, in his most natural vein, we must turn to such a passage as that which he himself-according to the compiler of the Contest of Hesiod and Hornerselected as best in all his work, " When the Pleiades, Atlas' daughters, begin to rise ••• " (Works and Days, 383 ff.). The value of such a passage cannot be analysed: it can· only be said that given such a subject, this alone is the right method of treatment. Hesiod's diction is in the main Homeric, but one of his charms is the use of quaint aUusi ve phrases derived, perhaps, from a pre-Hesiodic peasant poetry: thus the season when Boreas blows is the time when "the Boneless One gnaws his foot by his fireless hearth in his cheerless house"; to cut one's nails is "to sever the withered from the qUick upon that which has five branches"; similarly the burglar is the" day-sleeper,". and the serpent is the" hairless one." Very similar is his reference to seasons through what happens or is done in that season: "when the House·carrier, fleeing the Pleiades, climbs up the plants from the earth," is the season for harvesting; or "when the artichoke flowers and the clicking grass-hopper, seated in a tree, pours down his shrill song," is the time for rest. Hesiod's charm lies in his child-like and sincere naIvete, in his unaffected interest in and picturesque view of nature and all that happens in nature. These qualities, it is true, are those pre-eminently of the Works and Days: the literary virtues of the Theogon!J are of a more technical character, skill in xxvii

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ordering and disposing long lists of names, sure judgment in seasoning a monotonous subject with marvellous incidents or episodes, and no mean imaO'ination in depicting the awful, as is shown in the t> description of Tartarus (11. 736-745). Yet it remains true that Hesiod's distinctive title to a high place in Greek literature lies in the very fact of his freedom from classic form, and his grave, and yet child-like, outlook upon his ~orld.

of the 3rd century B.C. At a latcr time the term Cycle, 'c round" or "course" was given to this collection. Of all this mass of epic poctry ouly the scantiest fragments survive; but happily Photius has preserved to us an abridgment of the synopsis made of each poem of the "Trojan Cycle" by Proclus, i.e. Eutychius Proclus of Sicca. The pre-Trojan poems of the Cycle may be noticed first. The Titanomach;'j, ascribed both to Eumelus of Corinth and to Arctinus of Miletus, began with a kind of Theogony which told of the union of Heaven and Earth and of their offspring the Cyclopes and the Hundred-handed Giants. How the poem proceeded we have no means of knowing, but we may suppose that in character it was not unlike the short account of .the Titan War found in the Hesiodic Theogon;'j (617 ff.). What links bound the Tilanomachg to the Theban Cycle is not clear. This latter group was formed of three poems, the 8101:; of Oedipus, the Thebal.r, and the' Epigoni. Of the Oedipodea practically nothing is known, though on the assurance of Athenaeus (vii. 277 E) that Sophocles followed the Epic Cycle closely in the plots of his plays, we may suppose that in outline the story corresponded closely to tht' history of Oedipus as it is found in the Oedipus Tyrannus. The Theba'i.r seems to have begun with the origin of the fatal quarrel between Eteocles and Polyneict's in the curse called down upon them by their father in his misery. The story was thence carried down to the end of the expedition under Polyneices, Adrastus and Amphiaraus against Thebes. The Epigoni (ascribed to Antimachus of Teos) re-

The Ionic School The Ionic School of Epic poetry was, as we have seen, dominated by the Homeric tradition, and while the style and method of treatment are Homeric, it is natural that the Ionic poets refrained from cultivating the ground tilled by Homer, and chose for tre?'tment leO'ends which lay beyond the range of the llzad and Odyssey. Equally natural it is that they should have particularly selected various phases of the tale of Troy which preceded or followed the action of the Iliad and Odyssey. In this way, without any preconceived intention, a body of epic poetry was built up by various writers which covered the whole Trojan story. But the entire range of heroic legend was open to these poets, and other clusters of epics grew up dealing particularly with the famous story of Thebes, while othel's dealt with the beginnings of the world and the wars of heaven. In the end there existed a kind of epic history of the world, as known to the Greeks, down to the death of Odysseus, when the heroic age ended. In the Alexandrian Age these poems were arranged in chronological order, apparently by Zenodotus of Ephesus, at the beginning xxviii

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counted the expedition of the" After-Born" against Thebes, and the sack of the city. The Trojan CJJcle.-Six epics with the Iliad and the Odyssey made up the Trojan Cycle-The Cyprian La.'!s, the Iliad, the Aethiopis, the Little Iliad, the Sack of Troll> the Returns, the Odyssey, and the Telegony. It has been assumed in the foregoing pages that the poems of the Trojan Cycle are later than the Homeric poems; but, as the opposite view has been held, the reason for this assumption must now be given. (1) Tradition puts Homer and the Homeric poems proper back in the ages before chronological history began, and at the same time assigns the purely Cyclic poems to definite authors who are dated from the first Olympiad (776 B.C.) downwards. This tradition cannot be purely arbitrary. (2) The Cyclic poets (as we can see from the abstracts of Proclus) were careful not to trespass upon ground already occupied by Homer. Thus, when we find that in the Returns all the prominent Greek heroes except Odysseus are accounted for, we are forced to believe that the author of this poem knew the Odyssey and judged it unnecessary to deal in full with that hero's adventures. l In a word, the Cyclic poems are "written round" the Iliad and the Odyssey. (3) The general structure of these epics is clearly imitative. As MM. Croiset remark, the abusive Thersites in the Aethiopis is clearly copied from the Thersites of the Iliad • in the same poem Antilochus, slain by Memnon and avenged by Achilles, is obviously modelled on Patroclus. (4) The geographical knowledge of a poem like

the Returns is far wider and more precise than that of the Odyssey. (5) Moreover, in the Cyclic poems epic is clearly degenerating morally-if the expression may be used. The chief greatness of the Iliad is in the character of the heroes Achilles and Hector rather than in the actual events which take place: in the CycliC writers facts rather than character are the objects of interest, and events are so packed together as to leave no space for any exhibition of the play of moral forces. All these reasons justify the view that the poems with which we now have to deal were later than the Iliad and Odyssey, and if we must recognize the possibility of some conventionality in the received dating, we may feel confident that it is at least approximately just. The earliest of the post-Homeric epics of Troy are apparently the Aethiopis and the Sack of Ilium, both ascribed to Arctinus of Miletus who is said to have flourished in the first Olympiad (776 B.C.). He set himself to finish the tale of Troy, which, so far as events were concerned, had been left half-told by Homer, by tracing the course of events after the close of the Iliad. The Aethiopis thus included the coming of the Amazon Penthesilea to help the Trojans after the fall of Hector and her death, the similar arrival and fall of the Aethiopian Memnon, the death of Achilles under the arrow of Paris, and the dispute between Odysseus and Aias for the arms of Achilles. The Sack of Ilium 1 as analysed by Proclus was very similar to Vergil's version in

1

Odysseus appears to have been mentioned once only_nd casU&lly-in tho R.tumi.

~ha~

xu

1 MM. Croiset note that the Aethiopis and the Sack were originally merely parts of One work containing lays (the Amazonei.. , Aethiopis, Persis, etc.), just as the Iliad conta.ined various lays such ... the Diomedei ...

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Aeneid ii, comprising the episodes of the wooden horse, of Laocoon, of Sinon, the return of the Achaeans fmm Tenedos, the actual Sack of Troy, the division of spoils and the burning of the city. Lesches or Lescheos (as Pausanias calls him) of Pyrrha or Mitylene is dated at about 660 B.C. In his Little Iliad he uhdertook to elaborate the Sack as related by Arctinus. His work included the adjudgment of the arms of Achilles to Odysseus, the madness of Aias, the bringing of Philoctetes from Lemnos and his cure, the coming to the war of Neoptolemus who slays Eurypylus, son of Telephus, the making of the wooden horse, the spying of Odysseus and his theft, along with Diomedes, of the Palladium: the analysis concludes with the admission of the wooden horse into Troy by the Trojans. It is known, however (Aristotle, Poetics, xxiii; Pausanias, x, 25-27), that the Little Iliad also contained a description of the Sack of TrO!J. It is probable that this and other superfluous incidents disappeared after the Alexandrian arrangement of the poems in the Cycle, either as the result of some later recension, or merely through disuse. Or Proclus may have thought it unnecessary to give the accounts by Lcsches and Arctinus of the same incident. The QJl'rian Lays, ascribed to Stasinus of Cyprus 1 (but also to Hegesinus of Salamis) was designed to do for the events preceding the action of the Iliad what Arctinus had done for the later phases of the Trojan War. The C!Jpria begins with the first causes of the war, the purpose of Zeus to relieve the overburdened earth, the apple of discord, the rape of Helen. Then 1 No date is a.signed to him, but it seems likely that he ..... either contemporary or .lightly ...rlier th ..n Lesche ..

follow the incidents conuected with the gathering of the Achaeans and their ultimate landing in Troy; and the story of the war is detailed up to the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon with which the Iliad begins. These four poems rounded off the story of the Iliad, and it only remained to connect this enlarged version with the Odysse!J. This was done by means of the Returns, a poem in five books ascribed to Agias or Hegias of 'froezen, which begins where the Sack of Troy ends. It told of the dispute between Agamemnon and Menelaus, the departure from Troy of Menelaus, the fortunes of the lesser heroes, the return and tragic death of Agamemnon, and the vengeance of Orestes on Aegisthus. The story ends with the return home of Menelaus, which brings the general narrative up to the beginning of the Odyssey. But the Od!Jssey itself left much untold: what, for example, happened in Ithaca after the slaying of the suitors, and what was the ultimate fate of Odysseus? The answer to these questions was supplied by the Telego"!J, a poem in two books by Eugammon of Cyrene (fl. 568 B.C.). It told of the adventures of Odysseus in Thesprotis after the killing of the Suitors, of his return to Ithaca, and his death at the hands of Telegonus, his son by Circe. The epic ended by' disposing of the surviving personages in a double marriage, Telemachus wedding Circe, and Tclegonus Penelope. The end of the Cycle marks also the end of the Heroic Age.

"xxii

xxxiii

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION The Homenc Hymns. The collection of thirty-three Hymns, ascribeJ to Homer, is the last considerable work of the Epic School, and seems, on the whole, to be later than the Cyclic poems. It cannot be definitely assigned either to the Ionian or Continental schools, for while the romantic element is very strong, there is a distinct genealogical interest; and in matters of diction and style the influences of both Hesiod and Homer are well-marked. The date of the formation of the collection as such is unknown. Diodorus Siculus (temp. Augnstus) is the first to mention such a body of poetry, and it is likely enough that this is, .at least substantially, the one which has come down to us. Thucydides quotes the Delian Hymn to Apollo, and it is possible that the Homeric corpus of his day also contained other of the more important hymns. Conceivably the collection was arranged in the Alexandrine period. Thucydides, in quoting the Hymn to Apollo, calls it 7rPOO{P.WlI, which ordinarily means a "prelude" chanted by a rhapsode before recitation of a lay from Homer, and such hymns as Nos. vi, x, xxxi, xxxii, are clearly preludes in the strict sense; in No. xxxi, for example, after celebrating Helios, the poet declares he will next sing of the "race of mortal men, the demi-gods." But it may fairly be doubted whether such Hymns as those to Demeter (ii), Apollo (iii), Hermes (iv), Aphrodite (v), can have been real preludes, in spite of the closing formula" and now I will pass on to another hymn." The view taken by Allen and Sikes, amongst other scholars, is doubtless right, that these longer hymns are only technically xxxiv

preludes and show to what disproportionate lenO'ths a simple literary form can be developed. "'rhe Hymns to Pan (xix), to Dionysus (xxvi), to Hestia and Hermes (xxix), seem to have been designed for use at definite religious festivals, apart from recitations. With the exception perhaps of the Hymn to Ares (viii), no item in the collection can be regarded as either devotional or liturgical. The Hymn is doubtless a very ancient form; but if no examples of extreme antiquity survive this must be put down to the fact that until the age of literary consciousness, such things are not preserved. Fi.rst, apparent~y, in the collection stood the Hymn to Dzonysus, of wInch only two fragments now survive. While it appears to have been a hymn of the longer type,! we have no evidence to show either its scope or date. The Hymn to Demeter, extant only in the MS. discovered by Matthiae at Moscow, describes the seizure of Persephone by Hades, 1(he grief of Demeter, her stay at Eleusis, and her vengeance on gods and men by causing famine. In the end Zeus is forced to bring Persephone back from the lower world; but the goddess, by the contriving of Hades, still remains partly a deity of the lower world. In memory of her sorrows Demeter establishes the Eleusinian mysteries (which, however, were purely agrarian in origin). . This hymn, as a literary work, is one of the finest 1 Cp. Allen and Sikes, Homeric Hymn. p. xv. In the text I have followed the arrangement of these scbolars numbering tbe Hymns to Dionysus and to Demeter, I and Ii: respectively: to place Demeter after HormeB, and the Hymn to Dionysus at the end of the collection seems to be merely

perverse.

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in the collection. It is surely Attic or Eleusinian in origin. Can we in any way fix its. da~e ? Firstl!, it is certainly not later than the begmnlng of the sixth century, for it makes no mention of Iacch~s, and the Dionysiac element was introduced at Eleusls at about that period. Further, the insig~ificance of~rip.tolemus and Eumolpus point to considerable antlq.Ulty, .and the digamma is still active. All these consideratIOns point to the seventh century as the probable date of the hymn. The H!Jmn to Apollo consists of two parts, which beyond any doubt were originally distinct, a Delian hymn and a Pythian hymn. The Delian hymn describes how Leto, in travail with Apollo, sought out a place in which to bear her son, and how Apollo, born in Delos, at once claimed for himself the lyre, the bow, and prophecy. This part of the existing hymn ends with an encominm of the Delian festival of Apollo and of the Delian choirs. The second part celebrates the founding of Pytho (Delphi) as the oracular seat of Apollo. After various wanderings the god comes to Telphusa, near Haliartus, but is dissuaded by the nymph of the place from settling there and urged to go on to Pytho where, after slaying the she-dragon who nursed Typhaon, he builds his temple. After the punishment of Te.lphusa for her deceit in giving him no warning of the dragoness at Pytho, Apollo, in the form of a dolphin, ~rings certain Cretan shipmen to Delphi to be his prlCsts ; and the hymn ends with a charge to these men to behave orde.-Iy and righteously. The Delian part is exclusively Ionian and insular both in style and sympathy; Delos and no other is Apollo's chosen seat: but the second part is a5

definitely continental; Delos is ignored and Delphi alonc is the important centre of Apollo's worship. From this it is clear that the two parts need not be of one date-The first, indeed, is ascribed (Scholiast on Pindar Nem. ii, 2) to Cynaethus of Chios (.fl. 504 B.C.), a date which is obviously far too low; general considerations point rather to the eighth century. The second part is not later than 600 B.C.; for (1) the chariot-races at Pytho, which commenced in 586 B.C., are unknown to the writer of the hymn, (2) the temple built by Trophonius and Agamedes for Apollo (11. 294-299) seems to have been still standing when the hymn was written, and this temple was burned in 548. We may at least be sure that the first part is a Chian work, and that the second was composed by a continental poet familial' with Delphi. The H!Jmn to Helmes differs from others in its burlesque, quasi-comic character, and it is also the best-known of the Hymns to English readers in consequence of Shelley's translation. After a brief narrative of the birth of Hermes, the author goes on to show how he won a place among the gods. First the new-born child found a tortoise and from its shell contrived the lyre; next, with much cunuing circumstance, he stole Apollo's cattle and, when charged with the theft by Apollo, forced that god to appear in undignified guise before the tribunal of Zeus. Zeus seeks to reconcile the pair, and Hermes by the gift of the lyre wins Apollo's friendship and pmchases various prerogatives, a share in divination, the lordship of herds and animals, and the office of messenger from the gods to Hades. The hymn is hard to date. Hermes' lyre has seven strings and the invention of the seven-stringed xxxvii

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lyre is ascribed to Terpander (flor. 676 B.C.). The hymn must therefore be later than that date, though Terpander, according to Weir Smyth,! may have only modified the scale of the lyre; yet while the burlesque character precludes an early date, this feature is far removed, as Allen and Sikes remark, from the silliness of the Battle of the Frogs and Mice, so that a date in the earlier part of the sixth century is most probable. The Hymn to Aphrodite is not the least remarkable, from a literary point of view, of the whole collection, exhibiting as it does in a masterly manner a divine being as the unwilling victim of an irresistible force. It tells how aU creatures, and even the gods themselves, are subject to the will of Aphrodite, savIng .mly Artemis, Athena, and Hestia; how Zeus to humble her pride of power caused her to love a mortal, Anchises ; and how the goddess visited the hero upon Mt. Ida. A comparison ofthis work with the Lay of Demodocus (Odyssey viii, 266 If.), which is superficially similar, will show how far superior is the former in which the goddess is but a victim to forces stronger than herself. The lines (247-255) in which Aphrodite tells of her humiliation and grief are specially noteworthy. There are only general indications of date. The influence of Hesiod is clear, and the hymn has almost certainly been used by the author of the Hymn to Demeter, so that the date must lie between these two periods, and the seventh century seems to be the latest date possible. The Hymn to Dionysus relates how the god was seized by pirates and how with many manifestations of power he avenged himself on them by turning them into dolphins. The date is widely disputed. for while I Greek M elic Poet" p. 166. xxxviii

Ludwich believes it to be a work of the fourth or third century, Allen and Sikes consider a sixth or seventh century date to be possible. The story is figured in a different form on the reliefs from the choragic monument of Lysicrates, now in the British Museum. Very different in character is the Hymn to Ares, which is Orphic in character. The writer, after lauding the god by detailing his attributes, prays to be delivered from feebleness and weakness of soul, as also from impulses to wanton and brutal violence, The only other considerable hymn is that to Pan, which describes how he roams hunting among the mountains and thickets and streams, how he makes music at dusk while returning from the chase, and how he joins in dancing with the nymphs who sing the story of his birth. This, beyond most works of Greek literature, is remarkable for its fresh and spontaneous love of wild natural scenes. The remaining hymns are mostly of the briefest compass, merely hailing the god to be celebrated and mentioning his chief attributes. The Hymns to Hermes (xvii) to the Dioscltri (xvii) and to Demeter (xiii) are mere abstracts of the longer hymns iv, xxxiii, and ii.

The Epigrams of Homer The Epigrams of Homer are derived from the pseudo-Herodotean Life of Homer, but many of them occur in other documents such as the Contest of Homer and Hesiod, or are quoted by various ancient authors. These poetic fragments clearly antedate the" Life" itself, which seems to have been so written xxxix

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rouud them as to supply appropriate occasions for their composition. Epigram iii. on Midas of Larissa was otherwise attributed to Cleobulus of Lindus, one of the Seven Sages; the address to Glaucus (xi) is purely Hesiodic; xiii, according to MM. Croiset, is a fragment from a gnomic poem. Epigram xiv is a curious poem attributed on no very obvious grounds to Hesiod by Julius Pollux. In it the poet invokes Athena to protect certain potters and their craft, if they will, according to promise, give him a reward for his song; if they prove false, malignant gnomes are invoked to wreck the kiln and hurt the potters.

Finally there is the Battle of the Frogs and llLice. Here is told the story of the quarrel which arose between the two tribes, and how they fought, until Zeus sent crabs to break up the battle. It is a parody of the warlike epic, but has little in it that is r.eally comi.c or of literary merit, except perhaps the hst of quamt arms assumed by the warriors. The text of the poem is in a chaotic condition, and there are many interpolations, some of Byzantine date. Though popularly ascribed to Homer, its real author is said by Suidas to have been Pigres, a Carian, brother of Artemisia, "wife of Mausolus," who distinguished herself at the battle of Salamis. Suidas is confusing the two Artemisias, but he may be right in attributing the poem to about 480 B.C.

The Burlesque Poems To Homer were popularly ascribed certain burlesque poems in which Aristotle (Poetics iv) saw the germ of comedy. Most interesting of these, were it extant, would be the niargites. The hero of the epic is at once sciolist and simpleton, "knowing many things, but knowing them all badly." It is unfortunately impossible to trace the plan of the poem, which presumably detailed the ad\>"entures of this unheroic character: the metre used was a curious mixture of hexametric and iambic lines. The date of such a work cannot be high: Croiset thinks it may belong to the period of Archilochus (c. 650 B.C.), but it may well be somewhat later. Another poem, of which we know even less, is the Cercopes. These Cercopes C" Monkey-Men ") were a pair of malignant dwarfs who went about the world mischief-making. Their punishment by Heracles is represented on one of the earlier metopes from Selinus. It would be idle t" speculate as to the date of this work. xl

The Contest of Homer and Hesiod This curious work dates in its present form from the lifetime or shortly after the death of Hadrian, but seems to be based in part on an earlier versioD by tl~e sophist Alcidamas (c. 400 B.C.). Plutarch (Convzv. Sept. Sap., 40) uses an earlier (or at least a shorter) version than that which we possess. l The extant Contest, however, has clearly combined with the original document much other ill-digested matter on the life and descent of Homer, probably drawing on the same general sources as does the Herodotean Life of Homer. Its scope is as follows: (1) the descent (as variously reported) and relative dates of Homer 1 Cp. Marckscheffel, He.iodi fragmenta, p. 35. The papyrus fragment recovered by Petrie (Petrie Papyri, ed. Mahaffy p. 70,. No. :,xv.) agrees es~entially with the extant document; but dIffer. In numcrou.t mmor textual points.

xli

INTRODUCTION and Hesiod; (2) their poetical contest at Chalcis; (3) the death of Hesiod; (4) the wanderings and fortunes of Homer, with brief notices of the circumstances under which his reputed works were composed, down to the time of his death. The whole tract is, of course, mere romance; its only values are (1) the insight it gives into ancient speculations about Homer; (2) a certain amount of definite information about the Cyclic poems; and (3) the epic fragments included in the stichomythia of the Contest proper, many of which-did we possess the clue-would have to be referred to poems of the Epic Cycle.

BIBLIOGRAPHY RXSIOD.-The classification and nnmeration of MSS. here followed is that of Rzach (1913). It is only necessary to add that on the whole the recovery of Hesiodic papyri goes to confirm the authority of the mediaeval MSS. At the same time these fragments have produced much that is interesting and valuable, such a9 the new lines, Worles and Days 169 a-d, and the improved readings ib. 278, Theo(Jony 91, 93. Our chief gains from the papyri arc the numerOUB and excellent fragments of the Catalogues which have been recovered.

Work. and Day. : 8 OxyrhynchuB Papyri 1090. . A Vienna, Rainer Papyri L.P_ 21-9 (4th cent.). B Geneva, N aville Papyri P,.p. 94 (6th cent. I. e Pans, Bibl. Nat. 2771 (11th cent.). D Florence, Laur. xxxi 39 (12th cent.). E MeBsina, Univ. Lib. PreexistenB 11 (12th-13th cent.). FRome, Vatican3S (14th cent.). G Venice, Marc. ix 6 (14th cent.). H Florence, Laur. xxxi 37 (14th cent.). I " "xxxii 16 (13th cent.). K " "xxxii 2 (14th cent.). L Milan, Ambros. G 32 sup. (14th cent.). M Florence, Bib!. Riccardiana 7l (15th cent.). N Milan, Ambros. J 15 sup. (15th cent.). o Paris, Bib!. Nat. 2773 (14th cent.). P Cambridge, Trinity College (Gale MS.), O. 9.27 (13th-14th cent. ). Q Rome, Vatican 1332 (14th cent.). These MSS. are di vided by Rzach into the following families, issuing from It, common original :n.. =O 'I'a=D ",.. =E nb:; FGR 'I'b = IKLM tb,. NOPQ

xlli

BIBLIOGRAPHY Thoeagony : N Manchester, Rylands GK. Papyri No. 54 (1st cent. B.O.1st cent. A. D.). o Oxyrhyllchus Papyri 873 (3rd cent.). A Paris, Bib!. Nat. Suppl. Graec. (papyrus) 10n9 (4tl15th cent.). B London, British Museum clix (4th cent.). R Vienna, Rainer Papyri L.P. 21-9 (4th cent.). C Paris, Bib!. Nat. Suppl. Omec. 663 (12th cent.). D Florence, Laur. xxxii 16 (13th cent.). E " " , Cony. suppr. 158 (14th cent.). F P"ris, Bib!. Nat. 2833 (15th cent.). G Rome, Vatican 915 (14th cent.). H Pari., Bibl. Nat. 2772 (14th cent.). I l!'lorence, Laur. xxxi 32 (15th cent.). K Venice, Marc. ix 6 (15th cent.). L Paris, Bib!. Nat. 2708 (15th cent.). These MSS. a.re divided into two families I na = CD nb = EF no = GHI 'i' = KL

Shield oj H eraeles:P Oxyrhynchus Papyri 689 (2nd cent.). A Vienna, Rainer Papyri L.P. 21-29 (4th cent.). Q Berlin Papyri, 9774 (lBt cent.). • B Paris, Bibl. Nat., Supp!. Grace. 663 (12th cent.). C " " "" " " (12th cent.). D Milan, Ambros. C 222 (13th ceut.). E Florence, Laur. xxxii 16 (13th cent.). F Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2773 (14th cent.). G " .. .. 2772 (14th cent.). H Florence, Laur. xxxi 32 (15th cent. I. I London, British MUBeum Harleianus (14th c.n~·l. K Rome, Bib!. CaBanat. 356 (14th cent.). L Florence, Laur. Conv. suppr. 158 (14th cent.). M PariB, Bib!. Nat. 2R33 (15th cent.). These MSS belong to two families: nO. = BCDF nb = GHI '1'& = E 'i'b = 1\ L M To these must be ..dded two M88. of mixed family: N Venice, Maro. ix 6 (14th cent.). o Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2708 (15th cento),

xli"

BIBLIOGRAPHY Editions of Heatod :Demetri\1~ 9haleondyles, Milan (1) 1493 (1) (editio princeps, contallllD~, however, only the Works and Days). AlduB ManutlllB (Aldine edition), Venice, 1495 (complete works). Juntine Editi0I1B, 1515 and 1540. Trincavelli, Venice, 1537 (with scholia). Of modern editions the following may be noticed : Gaisford, Oxford, 1814-1820; Leipzig, 182.1 (with Bcholia: in. Poett. Graec. Minn II). G?ettlmg! ?otha, 1831 (3rd edition. Leil)2iIl1878). Didot EdltlOn, Paris, 1840. Schomann, 1869. Koechlyand Kinkel, Leipzig, 1870. Flach, Leipzig, 187'1-8. Rzach, Leipzig, 1902 (larger edition), 1913 (smaller edition). On th~ HeBiodic poems generally the ordinary HiBtories of Greek ~1terature may he consulted, but especially the Hist. de la L.tterature Ot'ecque I pp. 459 If. of MM. Croiset. The au.mmary account iJ? Prof. Murray's Ano. Ok. Lit. is written WIth a ~trong BceJ;'tlCal bias. Very valuable is the appendix to ~~aIr s translatlOn (Oxford, 1908) on The Ji'armer'. Year in Heszod. Recent work on the Hesiodio poems is reviewed in full' by Rzach in Bursiall'B Jal",e8berichte vols. 100 (1899) and 152 (1911). ]'or the Ji'ragments of Hesiodic poems the work of Marksohelf~I, Hesiodi Ji'raqmen;ta (Leipzig, 1840), is most valuable: 1mportant also IS Kmkel's Epicorum Oraecorum Ji'ragmenta I (Leipzig, 1877) and the editions of Rzach noticed. above.. For recently discovered papyrus fragments Be? Wliamow1tz, Nwe Bruch.Wcke d. Hesiod Katalog (S1tzu,:'gsb. der. k. preusB. Akad: fiir Wissen,chaft, 1900, pp. 839-80 l.) A hst of the papyr1 belonging to lost Hesiodic workB may here be added: all are from the Catalogue •. (1) Berlin Papyri 7497 ' (2nd oent.). } (2) Oxyrhynchus Papyri 421 (2nd cent.). Frag. 7. 1 S~e Schubart, Berl. Kla8Bikerlexte v. 1. 22 If.; the other papyr1 may be found in the publioations whose name they bear.

xlv

BIBLIOGRAPHY (3) Petrie Papyri iii 3. } Fra& (4) Papiri grec; • latin•. No. 130 (2nd to 3rd ceut.) 14. (5) Strassburg Papyri, 55 (2nd cent.) Frag. 58. (6) Berlin Papyri 9739 1 (2nd cent.) }F g 58 (7).. .. 10560 1 (3rd cent.) ra. • (8).. .. 9777 1 (4th cent.) Frag. 98. (9) Papiri greci • latin., No. 131 (2nd-3rd cent.) Frag. 99. (10) Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1358-9. Th. Homeric Hymns :~The text of the Homeric hymns is distinctly bad in condition, a fact which may be attributed to the general neglect under which they seem to have laboured at all periods previously to the Revival of Learning, Very many defects have been corrected by the various editions of the Hymns, bnt a considerable number still defy all efforts; and especially an abnormal nnmber of undoubted lacunae disfignre the text. Unfortunately no papyrus frag. ment of the Hymns has yet emerged, though one such frag· ment (Berl. Kla'Bikertexte v. 1. pp. 7 ff.) contains a paraphrase of a poem very closely parallel to the Hymn to Demeter. ' The mediaeval MSS.' are thus ennmerated by Dr. T. W. Allen :A Paris, Bib!. N Bt. 2763. At Athas, Vatopedi 587. B Paris, Bib!. Nat. 2765. o Paris, Bib!. Nat. )!833. r Brussels, Bib!. Royale 11377-11380 (16th cent.). D Milan, Ambros. B 98 sup. E Moden .. , Estenae iii E 11. G Rome, Vatico.n, Regina 91 (16th ceut.). H Londen, British Mus. Harley 1752. J Modena, Estense, ii B 14. K Florence, Lanr. 31, 32. L .. .. 32,45. L, .. ,,70, 35.

La

"

,,32, 4.

M Leyden (the Moscow MS,) 33 H (14th cent.). Mon. Munich, Royal Lib. 333 c. N Leyden, 74 c. o Milan, Am bros. C 10 info I See note on page xl v. • Unless otherwise noted, all thele MSS. are of the 15th century.

xlvi

BIBLIOGRAPHY P n Q Rl

Rome, V ..tican Pa!' graec. 179. Paris, Bib!. Nat. Supp!. graec. 1095. Milan, Ambros. S 31 sup. Florence, Bib!. Riccard. 53 K ii 13. R~ " " " 52Kii14. S Rome, Vatican, V~ticani graec. 1880. T Madrid, Public Library 24. V Venice, Marc. 456. The same scholar has traced all the 1I1GS. baok to a common parent from which three main families a.re derived (M had a separate descent and is not included in any

family) : Xl = ET. x' = LTI (and more remotely) AtDSHJK. y = ELpT (marginal readings). p = ABCrGVL'NOPQR,R,V Mon.

Editions of the Homeric Hymns, &0. Demetrius Chalcondyles, Florence, 1488 (with the Epigram. and the battle of the Frogs and Mice in the .d. pro of Homer). Aldine Edition, Venice, 1504. Juntine Edition, 1537. Stephanus, Paris, 1566 and 1588. More modern editions or critical works of value are!Martin (Variarum Lcctionum libb. iv), Paris, 1605. Barne., Cambridge, l7l!. Rnhnken, Leyden, 1782 (Epist. Crit. and Hymn to Demete> TIgen, Halle, 1796 (with Epigrams and the Battle of Frogs and Mice). Matthio-e, Leipzig, 1806 (withlhe Battle of Frog. and Mice). Hermann, Berlin, 1806 (with Epigrams). Franke, Leipzig, 1828 (with Epigrams and the Battle of the Frogs and Mice). . Dindorff (Didot edit ion), Paris, 1837. Baumeister (Battle of the Frogs and Mice), Gottingen, 1852, " (Hymns), Leipzig, 1860. Gemoll, Leipzig, 1886. Goodwin, Oxford, 1893. l.ndwich (Battle of the Frogs and Mice), 1896. Allen and Sikes, London, 1904. Allen (Homeri Opera v), Oxford, 1912.

xlvii

BIBLIOGRAPHY Of these editions that of Messrs Allen and Sikes i. by far the best: not only is tbe text purged of the load of con· jectures for which the frequent obscurities of the Hymns olfer a special opening. but the Introduction and the Note. throughout are of the highest value. For" full discussion of the MSS. and textual problems, reference must be made to this edition, ... also to Dr. T. W. Allen's series of articles in the Journal of Hellenic Studi" vol•. xv If. Among translations those of J. Edgar (Edinburgh, 1891) and of Andrew Lang (London, 1899) may be mentioned. The Epic Oyele. The fragments of the Epic Cycle being drawn from .. variety of authors, no list of MSS. can be The following collections and edition. may b. given. mentioned :Muller, Leipzig, 1829. Dindorlf (Didot edition of Homer), Paris, 1837-156. Kinkel (Epicorum Graecornm Fragmenta i, Leipzig, 1877. . Allen (Homeri Opera v), Oxford, 1g12. The fullest discussion of the problem. and fragments of the epic cycle i. F. G. Welcker'. der epi.ehe OyclU8 (Bonn, vol. i, 1835: vol. ii, 1849 : vol i, 2nd edition, 1865). The Appendix to Monro's Homer'. Ody8sey xii-xxiv (pp. 340 If.) deals with the Cylic poets in relation to Homer, and a. clear and reasonable discussion of the .ubject is to be fonnd in Croiset'. H i8t. de la Litt6rature Grec'lut vol. L On Hcsiod, the Hesiodio poems and the problems which these olfer Bee Rzach's most important article Hesiodos in Pauly.Wissowa, ReaZ·EncyeZopiidie xv (1912). A discussion of the evidence for the date of Hesiod i. to be fonnd in Jour". Hell. Stud. xxxv, 85 If. (T. W. Allen). Of translations of Hesiod the following may be noticed :The Georgieks
drill

HESIOD

H~IOD.OY

EPrA KAI HMEPAI

HESIOD'S WORKS AND DAYS

•

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of Pieria who give glory through song, come hither, tell of Zeus your father and chant his praise. Through him mortal men are famed or unfamed, sung or unsung alike, as great Zeus wills. For easily he makes strong, and easily he brings the strong man low; easily he humbles the proud and raises the obscure, and easily he straightens the crooked and blasts the proud, - Zeus who thunders aloft and has his dwelling most high. Attend thou with eye and ear, and make judgements straight with righteousness. An~ would tell of true things. So after all, there was not one kind of Strife ' alone, but allover the earth there are two. As for the one, a man would praise her when he came to understand her; but the other is blameworthy: and they are wholly different in nature .. For one fosters evil war and battle, being cruel: her no man loves; but perforce, through the will of the deathless gods, men pay harsh Strife her honour due. But the other is the elder daughter of dark Night, and the son of Cronos who sits above and dwells in the aether, set her in the roots of the emth : and she is far kinder to men. She stirs up even the shiftless to toil; for a MUSES

6

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HESIOD ,

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1

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4

OF: XA'rI(..., other MSS.

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Quyet: 'AhA n, MS8.

man grows eager to work when he considers his neighbour, a rich man who hastens to plough and plant and put his house in good order; and neigh bam vies with his neighbour as he hurries after wealth. This Strife is wholesome for men. And potter is angry with potter, and craftsman with craftsman, and beggar is jealous of beggar, and minstrel of minstrel. Perses, lay up these things in your heart, and do not let that Strife who delights in mischief hold your heart back from work, while you peep and peer and listen to the wrangles of the court-house. Little concern has he with quarrels and courts who has not a year's victuals laid up betimes, even that which the earth bears, Demeter's grain. When you have got plenty of that, you can raise disputes and strive to get another's goods. But you shall have no second chance to deal so again: nay, let us settle our dispute here with true judgement which is of Zeus and is perfect. For we had already divided our inheritance, but you seized the greater share and carried it off, great!y swelling the glory of our bribe-swalluwing lords who love to judge such a cause as this. Fools! They know not how much more the half is than the whole, nor what great advantage there is in mallow and asphodeJ.1 For the gods keep hidden from men the menns of life. Else you would easily do work enough in a day to supply you for a full year even without working; soon would you put away your rudder over the smoke, and the fields worked by ox and sturdy mule would run to waste. But Zeus in the anger of his heart hid it, because Prometheus the crafty deceived him; therefore he planned sorrow and mischief against \ Th.. t

i., the poor map'. fare, like" bread and cheese."

HESIOD

WORKS AND DAYS men. He hid fire; but that the noble son of Iapetus stole again for men from Zeus the counsellor in a hollow fennel-stalk, so that Zeus who delights in thunder did not see it. But afterwards Zeus who gathers the clouds said to him in anger: "Son of Iapetus, surpassing all in cunning, you are glad that you 'have outwitted me and stolen fire -a great plague to you yourself and to men that shall be. But I will give men as the price for fire an evil thing in which they may all be glad of heart while they embrace their own destruction." So said the father of men and gods, and laughed aloud. And he bade famous Hephaestus make haste and mix earth with water and to put in it the voice and strength of human kind, and fashion a sweet, lovely maiden-shape, like to the immortal goddesses in face; and Athene to teach her needlework and the weaving of the varied web; and golden Aphrodite to shed grace upon her head and cruel longing and cares that weary the limbs. And he charged Hermes the guide, the Slayer of Argus, to put in her a shameless mind and a deceitful nature. So he ordered. And they obeyed the lord Zeus the son of Cronos. Forthwith the famous Lame God moulded clay in the likeness of a modest maid, as the son of Cronos purposed. And the, goddess brighteyed Athene girded and clothed her, and the divine Graces and queenly Persuasion put necklaces of gold upon her, and the rich-haired Hours crowned her head with spring flowers. And Pallas Athene bedecked her form with all manner of finery. Also the Guide, the Slayer of Argus, contrived within her lies and crafty words and a deceitful nature at the

7

WORKS AND DAYS

HESIOD

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will of loud thundering Zeus, and the Herald of the gods put speech in her. And he called this woman Pandora,! because all they who dwelt on Olympus gave each a gift, a plague to men who eat bread. But when he had finished the sheer, hopeless snare, the Father sent glorious Argus-Slayer, the swift messenger of the gods, to take it to Epimetheus as a gift. And Epimetheus did not think on what Prometheus had said to him, bidding him never take a gift of Olympian Zeus, but to send it back fer fear it might prove to be somethillg harmful to men. But he took the gift, and afterwards, when the evil thing was already his, he understood. For ere this the tribes of men lived on earth remote and free from ills and hard toil and heavy sicknesses which bring the Fates upon men; for in misery men grow old quickly. But the woman took otf the great lid of the jar 2 with her hands and scattered all these and her thought caused sorrow and mischief to men. Only Hope remained there in an unbreakable home within under the rim of the great jar, and did not fly out at the door; for ere that: the lid of the jar stopped her, by the will of Aeg1s-holding Zeus who gathers the clouds. But the rest, countless plaguesJ ,vander alnongst men; for earth is full of evils and the sea is full. Of themselves diseases come upon men continually by d.ay and by night, bringing mischief to mortals slle~ltly; for wise Zeus took away speech fro111 them. SO 1S there no way to escape the will of Zeus. The AlI.endowed. • The jar or casket contained the gifts of the god. men.

1

1 CRK and ERNOPQ. g

Plutaroh :

.,""a{Jr, DFIL:

INip.!3a~ ..

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130

Or if you will, I will sum you up another tale well and skilfully-and do you lay it up in your heart,-how the gods and mortal men sprang from one Source. First of all the deathless gods who dwell on Olympus made a golden race of mortal men who lived in the time of Cronos when he was reigning in heaven. And they lived like gods without sorrow of heart, remote and free from toil and grief: miserable age rested not on them; but with legs and arms never failing they made merry with feasting beyond the reach of all evils. When they died, it was as though they were overcome with sleep, and they had all good things; for the fruitful earth unforced bare them fruit abundantly and without stint. They dwelt in ease and peace upon their lands with many good things, rich in flocks and loved by the blessed gods. But after the eal·th had covered this generationthey are called pure spirits dwelling on the earth, and are kindly, delivering from harm, and guardians of mortal men; for they roam everywhere over the earth, clothed in mist and keep watch on judgements and cruel deeds, givers of wealth; for this royal right also they received ;-then they who dwell on Olympus made a second generation which was It was like the of silver and less noble by far. golden race neither in body nor in spirit. ~d__~s brought up at his good mother's_.~ide""an,hunqred years, an-uttersiin pleton''Pla..1mgchildishly, in his own home. But when they were full grown and were come to the full measure of their prime, they

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lived only a little time and that in sorrow because of their foolishness, for they could not keep from sinning and from wronging one another, nor would they serve the immortals, nor sacrifice on the holy altars of the blessed ones as it is right for men to do wherever they dwell. Then Zeus the son of Cronos was angry and put them away, because they would not give honour to the blessed gods who live on Olympus. But when earth had covered this generation also -they are called blessed spirits of the underworld by men, and, though they are of second order, yet honour attends them also-Zeus the Father made a third generation of mortal men, a brazen race, sprung from ash-trees 1; and it was in no way equal to the silver age, but was terrible and strong. They loved the lamentable works of Ares and deeds of violence; they ate no bread, but were hard of heart like adamant, fearful men. Great was their strength and unconquerable the arms which grew from their shoulders on their strong limbs. Their armour was of bronze, and their houses of bronze, and of bronze were their implements: there was no black iron. These were destroyed by their own hands and passed to the dank house of chill Hades, and left no name: terrible though they were, black Death seized them, and they left the bright light of the sun. But when earth had covered this· generation also, Zeus the son of Cronos made yet another, the fourth, upon the fruitful earth, which was nobler and more

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175

righteous, a god-like race of hero-men who are called demi-gods, the race before our own, throughout the boundless earth. Grim war and dread battle destroyed a part of them, some in the land of Cadmus at seven-gated Thebe when they fought for the flocks of Oedipus, and some, when it had brought them in ships over the great sea gulf to Troy for rich-haired Helen's sake: there death's end enshrouded a part of them. But to the others father Zeus the son of Cronos gave a living and an abode apart from men, and made them dwell at the ends of earth. And they live untouched by sorrow in the islands of the blessed along the shore of deep swirling Ocean, happy heroes for whom the grain-giving earth bears honey-sweet fruit flourishing thrice a year, ·far from the deathless gods, and Cronos rules over them; for the father of men and gods released him from his bonds. And these last equally have honour and glory. And again far-seeing Zeus made yet another generation, the fifth, of men who are upon the bounteous earth. fhereafter, would that I were not among the men of the fifth generation, but either had died before or been born afterwards. For now truly is a race of iron, and men never rest from labour and sorrow by day, and from perishing by night; and the gods shall lay

15

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sore trouble upon them. But, notwithstanding, even these shall have some good mingled with their evils. And Zeus will destroy this race of mortal men also when they come to have grey hair on the temples at their birth.l The father will not agree with his children, nor the children with their father, nor guest with his host, nor comrade with comrade; nor will brother be dear to brother as aforetime. Men will dishonour their parents as they grow quickly old, and will carp at them, chiding them with bitter words, hard-hearted they, not knowing the fear of the gods. They will not repay their aged parents the cost of their nurture, for might shall be their right: and one man will sack another's city. There will be no favour for the man who keeps his oath or for the Just or for the good; but rather men will praise the evil-doer and his violent dealing. Strength will be right and reverence will cease to be; and the wicked will hurt the worthy man, speaking false words against him, and will swear an oath upon them. Envy, foul-mouthed, delighting in evil, with scowling face, will go along with wretched men one and all. And then Aidos and Nemesis,2 with their sweet forms wrapped in white robes, will go from the wide-pathed earth and forsake mankind to join the company of the deathless gods: and bitter sorrows will be left for mortal men, and there will be no help against evil. I •. e. the race will so degenerate that at the last even .. new·born child will show the marks of old age. • Aidils, a. a quality, i. that feeling of reverence or shame which restrains men from wrong: Nemesis is the feeling of righteous indignation aronsed especially by the sight of the wicked in undOlerved prosperity (if. P.alm., lxxii. 1-19).

17

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210

And now I will tell a fable for princes who themselves understand. Thus said the hawk to the nightingale with speckled neck, while he carried her high up among the clouds, gripped fast in his talons, and she, pierced by his crooked talons, cried pitifully. To her he spoke disdainfully: " Miserable thing, why do you cry out? One far stronger than you now holds you fast, and you must go wherever I take you, songstress as you are. And if I please I will make my meal of you, or let you-go. He is a fool who tries to withstand the stronger, for he does not get the mastery and suffers pain besides his shame." So said the swiftly flying hawk, the long-winged bird. But you, Perses, listen to right and do not foster Violence; for violence is bad for a poor man. Even the prosperous cannot easily bear its burden, but is weighed down under it when he has fallen into delusion. The better path is to go by on the other side towards justice; for Justice beats Outrage when she comes at length to the end of the race. But onlv when he has suffered dr:es the fool learn this. FO'r Oath keeps pace with wrong judgements. There is a noise when Justice is being dragged in the way where those who devour bribes and give sentence with crooked judgements, take her. And she, wrapped in mist, follows to the city and haunts of the people, weeping, and bringing mischief to men, even to such as have driven her forth in that they did not deal straightly with her. But they who give straight judgements to strangers and to the men of the land, and go not aside from what is just, their city flourishes. and the people 19

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prosper in it: Peace, the nurse of children, is abroad in their land, and all-seeing Zeus never decrees cruel war against them. N either famine nor disaster ever haunt men who do true justice; but lightheartedly they tend the fields which are all their care. The earth bears them victual in plenty, and on the mountains the oak bears acorns upon the top and bees in the midst. Their woolly sheep are laden with fleeces; their wumen bear children like their parents. They flourish continually with good things, and do not travel on ships, for the grain-giving earth bears them fruit. But for those who practise violence and cruel deeds far-seeing Zeus, the son of Cronos, ordains a punishment. Often even a whole city suffers for a bad man who sins and devises presumptuous deeds, and the son of Cronos lays great trouble upon the people, famine and plague together, so that the men perish away, and their women do not bear children, and their houses become few, through the contriving of Olympian Zeus. And again, at another time, the son of Cronos either destroys their wide army, or their walls, or else makes an end of their ships on the sea. You princes, mark well this punishment you also; for the deathless gods are near among men and mark all those who oppress their fellows with crooked judgements, and reck not the anger of the gods. For upon the bounteous earth Zeus has thrice ten thousand spirits, watchers of mortal men, and these keep watch on judgements and deeds of wrong as they roam, clothed in mist, all over the earth. And

HESlOD

WORKS AND DAYS

there is virgin Justice, the daughter of Zeus, who is honoured and reverenced among the gods who dwell on Olympus, and whenever anyone hurts her with lying slander, she sits beside her father, Zeus the son of Cronos, and tells him of men's wicked heart, until the people pay for the mad folly of their princes who, evilly minded, pervert judgement and give sentence crookedly. Keep watch against this, you princes, and make straight your judgements, you who devour bribes j put crooked judgements altogether from your thoughts. He does mischief to himself who does miEchief to another, and evil planned harms the plotter most. The eye of Zeus, seeing all and understanding all, beholds these things too, if so he will, and fails not to mark what sort of justice is this that the city keeps within it. Now, therefore, may neither I myself be righteous among men, nor my son-for then it is a bad thing to be righteous-if indeed thp unrighteous shall have the greater right. Rut I think that all-wise Zens will not yet bring that to pass. But you, Perses, lay up these things within your heart and listen now to right, ceasing altogether to think of violence. For the son of Cronos has ordained this law for men, that fishes and beasts and winged fowls should devour one another, for right is not in them j but to mankind he gave right which

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proves far the best. For whoever knows the right and is ready to speak it, far-seeing Zeus gives him prosperity; but whoever deliberately lies in his witness and forswears himself, and so hurts Justice and sins beyond repair, that man's generation is left obscure thereafter. But the generation of the man who swears truly is better thenceforward. To you, foolish Perses, I will speak good sense. Badness can be got easily and in shoals: the road to her is smooth, and she lives very near us, But between us and Goodness the gods have placed the sweat of our brows: long and steep is the path that leads to her, and it is rough at the first; but when a man has reached the top, then is she easy to reach, though before that slle was hard, That man is altogether best who considers all things himself and marks what will be better afterwards and at the end; and he, again, is good who listens to a good adviser; but whoever neither thinks for himself nor keeps in mind what another tells him, he is an unprofitable man, But do you at any rate, always remembering my charge, work, high-born Perses, that Hunger may hate you, and venerable Demeter richly crowned may love you and fill your barn with food; for Hunger is altogether a meet comrade for the sluggard. Both 'gods and men are angry with a man who lives idle, for in nature he is like the stingless drones who waste the labour of the bees, eating without working; but let it be your care to order your work properly, that in the right season your barns may be full of victual. Through wOl'k men grow rich in flocks and substance, and working they

25

HESIOD

WORKS AND DAYS

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are much better loved by the immortals. l Work is no disgrace: it is idleness which is a disgrace. But if you work, the idle will soon envy you as you grow rich, for fame and renown attend on wealth. And whatever be your lot, work is best for you, if you turn your misguided mind away from other men's property to your work and attend to your livelihood as I bid you. An evil shame is the needy man's companion, shame which both greatly harms and prospers men: shame is with poverty, but confidence with wealth. Wealth should not be seized: god-given wealth is much better; for if a man take great wealth violently and perforce, or if he steal it through his tongue, as often happens when gain deceives men's ~ense and dishonour tramples down honour, the gods soon blot him out and make that man's house low, and wealth attends him only for a little time. Alike with him who does wrong to a suppliant or a guest, 01' who goes up to his brother's bed and commits unnatural sin in lying with his wife, or who infatnately offends against fatherless children, or who abuses his old father at the cheerless threshold of old age and attacks him with harsh words, truly Zens himself is angry, and at the last lays on him a heavy requittal for his evil doing. But do you turn your foolish heart altogether away from these things, and,as f.'l1' as you are able, sacrifice to the death1 The alternative version is: "and, working, you will be much better loved both by gods and men l for they greatly dislike the idle."

WORKS AND DAYS

HESIOD

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less gods purely and cleanly, and burn rich meats also, and at other times propitiate them with libations and incense, both when you go to bed and when the holy light has come back, that they may be gracious to you in heart and spirit, and so you may buy another's holding and not another yours. Call your fl'iend to a feast; but leave your enemy alone; and especially call him who lives near you: for if any mischief happen in the place, neighbours come ungirt, but kinsmen stay to gird themselves. I A bad neighbour is as great a plague as a good one is a great blessing; he who enjoys a good neighbour has a precious possession. Not even an ox would die but for a bad neighbour. Take fair measure from your neighbour and pay him back fairly with the same measure, or better, if you can; so that if you are in need afterwards, you may find him sure. Do not get base gain: base gain is as bad as ruin. Be friends with the friendly, and visit him who visits you. Give to one who gives, but do not give to one who does not give. A man gives to the free-handed, but no one gives to the closefisted. Give is a good girl, but Take is bad and she brings death. For the man who gives willingly, even though he gives a great thing, rejoices in his gift and is glad in heart; but whoever gives way to shamelessness and takes something himself, even though it be a small thing, it freezes his heart. He who adds to what he has, will keep off bright-eyed hunger; for if you add only a little to a little and do this often, soon that little will become great. Wbat 1 i.t. neighbours come at once and without making preparations, but kinsmen by marriage (who live at a di.tance) have to prepare, and so are long in ooming.

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a man has by him at home does not trouble him: it is better to have your stuff at home, for whatever is abroad may mean loss. It is a good thing to draw on what you have; but it grieves your heart to need something and not to have it, and I bid you mark this. Take your fill when the cask is first opened and when it is nearly spent, but midways be sparing: it is poor saving when you come to the lees. Let the wage promised to a friend be fixed; even with your brother smile-and get a witness; for trust and mistrust, alike ruin men. Do not let a flaunting woman coax and cozen and deceive you: she is after your barn. The man who trusts womankind trusts deceivers. There should be an only son, to feed his father's house, for so wealth will increase in the home; but if you leave a second son you should die old. Yet Zeus can easily give great wealth to a greater number. More hands mean more work and more increase. If your heart within you desires wealth, do these things and work with work upon work. When the Pleiades, daughters of Atlas, are rising,l begin your harvest, and your ploughing when they are going to set. 2 Forty nights and days they are hidden and appear again as the year moves round, when first you sharpen your sickle. This is the law of the plains, and of those who live near the sea, and who inhabit rich country, the glens and dingles far from the tossing sea,-strip to sow and strip to plough and strip to reap, if you wish to get in all Demeter's fruits in due season, and that each kind may grow in I

Early

iD

May.

• In November.

31

WORKS AND DAYS

HESIOD eprya /CofLlte0'8at ll'YJp/!rTepo~' &J~ 70t ~/CaO''Ta tf , , 't: ' \',.. 1 '1'. ropt aES'YJTa!, J-L'YJ 7rW~ 7a p,e7a."E xan."wv f , " ' \ " , '\ ~\' I 395 rr7wO'O'rJ~ aA,/c07pLOU~ O!/COU~ /Ca. p,'YJoev avuO'I 8PW7rOtO't ' 8'" , eprya, 7a, 'T" av eo! ote7E/CP,'YJlJaV70, , ,'~ ' 8 \ , , fL'YJ 7rOTe O'uv 7raweO'O't ryuvat/C. 'Te up,ov axeuwv I': ' a!-'to70V ' ," 400 .,,'YJ'TeulI<; /Ca'Ta" rye.Tova<;, 0,,\ 0"" afLe",wO'tV. t" , , '\ " , t ,..~, " ot<; p'EV "lap /Ca. 'TPt~ 7axa 'TEV.Eat· 'YJV 0 en XU7rfi~, .. \, ' e ' t'" , " "'\, , XP'YJp,a p,ev OU 7rp1]set~, O'U 0 e7wO'ta 7r0",,,, aryo-

,

pEVO'Et~' ,

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,,,\"'\,,,,

EO''Tat E7reWV Vop,o<;. a",,,,a 0' avwrya 'I': 8 f t " , ft", ' ¢pa."EO' at 1IpEtWV 'Te ",UO'tV "'tp,ou 7 a",Ewp1]lJ. (V, "' a" Ol/cOV J-LEV 7rpW'TtO''Ta ryuvat/Ca 'TE !-'OUV 'T" apo'Tijpa, 405 " I fI ' Q ' fI /c'T1]'T1]v, OU ryaJ-Le71]v,1]n~ /Cat !-,ouO'tV e7rOt70, , to"" " " , XP1]p,a7a 0 ev O!/C'l' 7rav'T app,eva 7rot1]O'aO' at, , , \. , '" ,,"'\"\. 1.\ t",... , ~\ ... fL1] O'U p'EV at'T'[J<; a",,,,ov, 0 0 apV1]7a., O'U oe 71]T,!-, " 'f.) '=" , '7t 0to' WIJ1] 7rapaJ-LE'!-'1]7at, p,tVU'8'[I OE 'TO, ,epryov. "' / a " , 8 H ' H " "-/.. 410 fL'YJo ava!-,a",,,,eO' at €~ 'T auptov e<; 7e EV1]'I'tV' " ou ryaf eTwO'.oep'Y0~ aV1]p 7r.p,7r "''YJO't /Calc'1]v ovo' ava{3aAAop,evo<;' p,eAET1] OE 70 (fpryov orpEAAet· ''1t-''a "aV1]p '" " a.e. 0 aJ-L!-,oXtepryo~ aTlIO't 7ra",a.e •• axpEtO~

0

e

'"

"",

'Rpm o~ X,fr'{et J-LJvo~ og€G~ ~eAlolo ICa6p,aTo~ loaA.p,ou, fL€707rWptvov oJ-L{3p~O'avrro<; ' ' eptO' , 8 Z'YJvo<; eveo<;,

'"" a ' \ p,eTa OE 'Tpe7Te'Tat !-'f0'Teo<; xpw<; , " rJ, , .",.... " 7rOAAOV e",a'l'pO'TEpO~' 01] "lap TO'Te .:..€tpto~ aO'T1]p {3a.ov V7TEP /cE¢aXij<; /C1]ptTfErp€WV dv8pW7TWV ~pxe7at ~J-LaTto<;, 7T)"e'iov 'TE VU/C'To<; E7TaupEZ, 'Tijp.o~ a01]/C'TOTa'T'YJ 7TEAE'Tat 'Tp,1]8e'iO'a (no~pft'

oe

,

1 Herodian:

I'.Ta!~.

MSS.

415

its season. Else, afterwards, you may chance to be in want, and go begging to other men's houses, but without avail; as you have already come to me. But I will give you no more nor give you further measure. Foolish Perses! Work the work which the gods ordained for men, lest in bitter anguish of spirit you with your wife and children seek your livelihood amongst your neighbours, and they do not heed you. Two or three times, may be, you will succeed, but if you trouble them further, it will not avail you, and all your talk will be in vain, and your word-play unprofitable. Nay, I bid you find a way to pay your debts and avoid hunger. First of all, get a house, and a woman and an ox for the plough-a slave woman and not a wife, to follow the oxen as well-and make everything ready at home, so that you may not have to ask of another, and he refuse you, and so, because you are in lack, the season pass by and your work come to nothing. Do not put your work off till to-morrow and the day after; for a sluggish worker does not fill his barn, nor one who puts off his work: industry makes work go well, but a man who puts off work is always at hand-grips with ruin. When the piercing power and sultry heat of the sun abate, and almighty Zeus sends the autumn rains,! and men's flesh comes to feel far easier,-for then the star Sirius passes over the heads of men, who are born to misery, on~y a little while by day and takes greater share of night-, then, when it showers its leaves to the ground and stops sprouting, 1

In October.

33

WORKS AND DAYS

HESIOD ., A. " .,. ' (OW } ' Te ''' , V",'1, ,/,u",,,,a 0. ' " epa ..'"e X€H, 71'TOP "'1'Yft·

Tf'JP.O~ /1p' uAoTop.e'iv P.€P.V'lP.~VO~ WpLa ep'Ya. ",

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435

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€VVa€TlJpw

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•t \ oe • \ ep'Yov " " a.€LaV, TO eT(I)UIOV au°0 I ",,17rOI€V. '"' ~, rI , 'Y.' tI TOI~ 0 a/La T€a-a-apaICoVTa€T"I~ al."lJo~ €7rOITO • . ' ' A . 'o/cTa,..,"'WfJ-0v, '/J' apTov O€L7rV1]ua<; T€TpaTpu,/,ov, /!..

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34

I

'0'" I €taV

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fL€ e" op."I",,/Ca<;, a",,, I,

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4(0

the wood you cut with your axe is least liable to worm. Then remember to hew your timber: it is the season for that work. Cut a mortar 1 three feet wide and a pestle three eu hits long, and an axle of seven feet, for it will do very well so; but if you make it eight feet long, you can cut a beetle 2 from it as well. Cut a felloe three spans across for a waggon of ten palms' width. Hew also many bent timbers, and bring home a plough-tree when you have found it, and look out on the mountain or in the field for one of holm-oak; for this is the strongest for oxen to plough with when one of Athena's handmen has fixed in the share-beam and fastened it to the pole with dowels. Get two ploughs ready and work on them at home, one all of a piece, and the other jointed. It is far better to do this, for if you should break one of them, you can put the oxen to the other. Poles of laurel or elm are most free from worms, and a share-beam of oak and a plough-tree of ' holm-oak. Get two oxen, bulls of nine years; for their strength is unspent and they are in the prime of their age: they are best for work. They will not fight in the furrow and break the plough and then leave the work undone. Let a brisk fellow of forty years follow them, with a loaf of four quarters 8 and eight slices' for his dinner, one who will attend to his work and drive a straight furrow and is past the age for gaping after his fellows, but will keep his mind For pounding corn. , A mallet for breaking clods after ploughing. • The loaf is a flattish cake with two intersecting lines Reared on its upper surface which divide it into four equal part•. , The meaning is obscure. A scholiast renders "giving eight mouthfulH"; but the elder Philostratus U8es the word in contra.st to I I leavened. " 1

35

WORKS AND DAYS

HESIOD

" TOIJ. . eIJI-wv' exCllV"

,

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,

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OIJTt VEWTepo~ a",,,,o~ ap,EIVCIlV 445 , ", 8at !Ca.' €7f"tU7f"OplrJV , ", ' 0ai, U7f"€pp,aTa oauuau a",eau

I !COIJPOTepO~

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bt68ev €!C ve¢lCllv €VtaVUla !Ce!cA,rJ'YIJlrJ~' "" " ,.. rI.' \, fI rJT "POTOto T6 urJp,a 'f'epet !Cal X61p,aTO~ WPrJV • , 061!CVVEI

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450

' ' . ' avopo~ '.' 0. ' eoa!C

'8 a7f"avrJvau ai'

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,/

prJIOWV 0 7f"apa ep'Ya fJO€UU"', CP'l]tTt 8' tlvilP cpplva<: tlcpvetO~ 7f"7)~au8at l1p,a~av, 4055 , 't" \ \ ,,~, f \ t" I ~, " ,e VrJ7f"IO~, ovoe TO OW' e!CaTOV De TE oovpaT ap,as 'I]~,

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Te !Cal aVTO~

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.'r. ," 'IPt 7f"o",etv'

0'ep€o~

460

t" , " , De vewp,evrJ OV" U a7f"aT'fJuel,

' ' ' De ' ' U7f"elpelV , " A.'I' " vetov eTt !COV'f'I,:,ovuav apovpav'

,

vetO~

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465

I

€!CTE",ea fJpl EIV tepov a!CTrJv, " ~ .. " , If'"'' ""\, apX0p,evo~ Ta 7f"PWT apOTOIJ, OT av a!Cpov eX€TII.rJ<;

Q ' .Op7f"rJ!Ca fJOWV Q e7f"1 "" " "t!C'Jal X€tp."II.afJwv VWTOV " '" .,.., ' Q '0 evopvov e",!COJlTCIlV p,euafJCIlV, " ' " "exCllv

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TVT 8'" O~ O'lrtu 0 e

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"8 " !CaTu!Cpll7f"TCIlJl' ell 'l]p,OUIIVrJ

'Yap

') apltTT'I]

470

on his work. No younger man will be better than he at scattering the seed and avoiding double-sowing; for a man less staid gets disturbed, hankering after his fellows. Mark, when you hear the voice of the crane 1 who cries year by year from the clouds above, for she gives the signal for ploughing and shows the season of rainy winter; but she vexes the heart of the man who has no oxen. Then is the time to feed up your horned oxen in the byre; for it is easy to say: "Give me a yoke of oxen and a waggon," and it is easy to refuse: "I have work for my oxen." The man who is rich in fancy thinks his waggon as good as built already-the fool! he does not know that there are a hundred timbers to a waggon. Take care to lay these up beforehand at home. So soon as the time for ploughing is proclaimed to men, then make haste, you and your slaves alike, in wet and in dry, to plough in the seaSOn for ploughing, and bestir yourself early in the morning so that your fields may be full. Plough in the spring; but fallow broken up in the summer will not belie your hopes. Sow fallow land when the soil is still getting light: fallow land is a defender from harm and a soother of children. Pray to Zeus of the Earth and to pure Demeter to make Demeter's holy grain sound and heavy, when first you begin ploughing, when you hold in your hand the end of the plough-tail and bring down your stick on the backs of the oxen as they draw on the pole-bar by the yoke-straps. Let a slave follow a little behind with a mattock and make trouble for the birds by hiding the seed; for good management 1

About the middle of November.

37

HESIOD

WORKS AND DAYS is the best for mortal men as bad management is the worst. In this way your corn-ears will bow to the ground with fullness if the Olympian himself gives a good result at the last, and you will sweep the cobwebs from your bins and you will be glad, I ween, as you take of' your garnered substance. And so you will have plenty till you come to grey 1 springtime, and will not look wistfully to others, but another shall be in need of your help. But if you plough the good grouud at the solstice,2 you will reap sitting, grasping a thin crop in your hand, binding the sheaves awry, dust-covered, not glad at all; so you will bring all home in a basket and not many will admire you. Yet the will of Zeus who holds the aegis is different at different times; and it is hard for mortal men to tell it; for if you should plough late, you may find this remedy-when the cuckoo first calls 8 in the leaves of the oak and makes men glad all over the boundless earth, if Zeus should send rain on the third day and not cease until it rises neither above an ox's hoof nor falls short of it, then the late-plougher will vie with the early. Keep all this well in mind, and fail not to mark grey spring as it comes and the season of rain. Pass by the smithy and its crowded lounge in winter time when the cold keeps men from field work,-for then an industrious man can greatly prosper his bouse-lest bitter winter catch you helpless and poor and you chafe a swollen foot with a shrunk hall(l. The idle man who waits on empty hope, lacking a livelihood, lays to heart mischief-making; I Spring is so described because the buds have not yet cast their iron-grey husks. • In December. 8 In March.

39

WORKS AND DAYS

HESIOD

it is not an wholesome hope that accompanies a needy man who lolls at ease while he has no sure livelihood. While it is yet midsummer command your slaves: "It will not always be summer, build barns."

615

620

625

Avoid the month Lenaeon,l wretched days, all of them fit to skin an ox, and the frosts which are cruel when Boreas blows over the earth. He blows across horse-breeding Thrace upon the wide sea and stirs it up, while earth and the forest howl. On many a high-leafed oak and thick pine he falls and brings them to the bounteous earth in mountain glens: then all the immense wood roars and the beasts shudder and put their tails between their legs, even those whose hide is covered with fur; for with his bitter blast he blows even through them although they are shaggy-breasted. He goes even through an ox's hide; it does not stop him. Also he blows through the goat's fine hair. But through the fleeces of sheep, because their wool is abundant, the keen wind Boreas pierces not at all ; but it makes the old man curved .as a wheel. And it does not blow through the tender maiden who stays indoors with her dear mother, unlearned as yet in the works of golden Aphrodite, and who washes her soft body and anoints herself with oil and lies down in an inner room within the house, on a winter's day when the Boneless One 2 gnaws his foot in his fireless house and wretched home; for the sun shows him no pastures to make 1

1

Herm&nn I .b "/rJ.p

.1, MSS.

The latter part of January and earlier part of February.

• i.t. the octopus or cuttle.

HESIOD

WORKS AND DAYS

.... "\ • • I I. ~" ."' ' ... a",,,, e'ln Kvavewv avopwv O'fJIJ.OV 'T€ 7To",tv 'TE

1vE
' .0'1 ' KepaOt'Kat I v'1K€pot ' " " Kat, 'TO'T€ V""'IKot'Tat ,

"~/Q'

' , '

530

",v"{pov ftv",tOWV'T€<; ava opta fJ'1
I

\

",I..

...

\

...

'!'EV"{OVUW' Kal 7Ta
, w<;

" UK€7Ta

ftat0ftEVOt

',,\

ft€ft'1"EV,

'0 ' "EXWKat "{AJ,cpV 7TE'TpiJev' 'T,hE 8~ 'Tpi7TOOt (3pO'Tf[' l '" 'T' " . . . "€a,,{e, Kap'1 I~" ~~ f ... OV €7T' VW'Ta 0 €t<; ovoa, opa'Tat, ",,"\ -/." ,-/." .,' 'Tf[' LK€",Ot '!'ot'TWUtv, a",€v0ft€Vot vt'!'a I\.EVK'1V. K a. I ... 'TO'T€ , E 'N ,\" , 7Tavp'p , 0.' €V '. ... ' Xpoo" w<; 535 ,.. XAatVaV 'TE fta"aK'1V Kat 'TEPftW€V'Ta Xt'Twva' , U'T'1ft0Vt " " KpoKa ft'1pV , 7TEpt€ ~" , 7TPW'TO'YOVWV 0 fA. €pt'!'WV, t " "av 07l"0'T gAO,[/, ~( , I oepfta'Ta UVppa7T'TEW vevpf[' I " ICPVO<; (3' "-/.", 00<;, o,!,p E7Tt 540 wpWV , VW'Tf[' , " 'aft'!'t , f , (3 a",,[/ " a",€'fJV' ' ... ' ,f, '",f, 0. ' " V€'TOV K€,!,a"''1'!'t V7TEP 0 EV ':"'\ Jf , ,,,,,, , ~, 7Ttl\.OV €X€W a<TIC7J'TOV, W Ova'Ta ft'1 ICa'Tao€v'[/' "llr VXP7J' 'Yap I h. B ' 7TEO'OV'TO<; , W<; 7T€M'Tat 'T" '1, 0p€ao r 8' r;ww<; €7TL "{aZav a7T' otJpavou aU'T€pd€V'TO<; " r/.." " " a'1P 7TVPO'!'OPo<; 'T€'Ta'Tut ftaICapwv €7I"L\ €P'Y0t<;' "OU'TE apuO' " " 0" ... ap 0' E'<; aV€ftoLO V€I\."'ll V't' ov V7T€P 'Yat'1<; " , 0'.VEt 7rOnIN€0'7I"EPOV, a",,,,o'T ,,"\, I" aAAO'T€ ft€V a'1u1 • "I "" ' , 'B ' VE'!'Ea ',f, , ' 7rV,Wa\r.JI 6P'1tICtoV OP€OV IC",OV€OV'To<;. , '!' ,f,0' " "\ ' . , .V6E 42 Pcppmuile.r: .1 •.• • X..... , MSS. 550 for, but goes to and fro over the land and city of dusky men,l and shines more sluggishly upon the whole race of the Hellenes. Then the horned and un horned denizens of the wood, with teeth chattering pitifully, flee through the copses and glades, and all, as they seek shelter, have this one care, to gain thick coverts or some hollow rock. Then, like the Three-legged One 2 whose back is broken and whose head looks down upon the ground, like him, I say, they wander to escape the white snow. Then put on, as I bid you, a soft coat and a tunic to the feet to shield your body,-and you should weave thick woof on thin warp. In this clothe yourself so that your hair may keep still and not bristle and stand upon end all over your body. Lace on your feet close-fitting boots of the hide of a slaughtered ox, thickly lined with felt inside. And when the season of frost comes on, stitch together skins of firstling kids with ox-sinew, to put over your back and to keep off the rain. On your head above wear a shaped cap of felt to keep your ears from getting wet, for the dawn is chill when Boreas has once made his onslaught, and at dawn a fruitful mist is spread over the earth from starry heaven upon the fields of blessed men: it is drawn from the ever flowing rivers and is raised high above the earth by windstorm, and sometimes it turns. to rain towards evening, and sometimes to wind when Thraeian Boreas huddles the thick clouds. Finish your work and return home ahead of him, and do not let the 1 ;.e. the dark·skinned people of Africa, the Egyptians or Aethiopians. • i.e. an old man walking with" staff (the" third leg "_ •• in the riddle of the Sphinx). ....3 WORKS AND DAYS HESIOD !l.~ 'Tf'OTE u· otJpav68ev ct/coT66V V6rpO~ ap,UCaAv-rV' 655 " oe ~, ~" 8'YJV ' ICaTa, 8'" ~ , xpWTa p,uoa",€ov €tp,aTa OfiUUV· " , , 8 " "" • aAA U7raAwaU at' P,€t~ 'Yap xa"'€7rWTaTO~ OUTO~, , ' Q , " " " 8 ' X6tP,€P£O~, xaAe'Tf'O~ 'Tf'pOj-JaTOt~, xa",e7ro~ 0 av pW7rO£~. " T'YJp,O~ " Q" " '" 7r"'~OV " • TWfL£UU j-J0uutV, €7r, av€p' o~ e,'YJ ... " , ' 8 'A. I " apfLaAt'YJ~' fLaICpat 'Yap €7rtppO Ot €u,/,povat etUtV. ,.. , "\ l J, , TaUTa uAaUuofL€VO~ T6Te"'€UfL~VOV 6t~ €VtaUTOV ' " 8 at VU!cTa~ I 1urouu T€ !Cat 'YJfLaTa, €tUOICev aUT£~ ... , I \ ' " 'Y'YJ 7raVTWV P,'1T'1P ICap7rOV UVp,p,'!CTOV €V€tICV, t ,II " 560 dark cloud from heaven wrap round you and make your body clammy and soak your, clothes. Avoid it; forthis is the hardest month, wintry ,hard for sheep and hard for men. In this season let your oxen have half their usual food, but let your man have more; for the helpful nights are long. Observe all this until the year is ended and you have nights and days of equal length, and Earth, the mother of all, bears again her various fruit. When Zeus has finished sixty wintry days after the solstice, then the star Arcturus 1 leaves the holy stream of Ocean and first rises brilliant at dusk. After him the shrilly wailing daughter of Pandion, the swallow, appears to men when spring is just beginning. Before she comes, prune the vines, for it is best so. But when the House-carrier 2 climbs up the plants from the earth to escape the Pleiades, then it is no longer the season for digging vineyards, but to whet your sickles and rouse up your slaves. Avoid shady seats and sleeping until dawn in the harvest season, when the sun scorches the body. Then be busy, and bring home your fruits, getting up early to make your livelihood sure.. For dawn takes away a third part of your work, dawn advances a man on his journey and advances him in his work,-dawn which appears and sets many men on their road, and puts yokes on many oxen. 1 I Gerhard: l/iO, MSS. i February to March. i.Co tho snail. The ••ason i. the middle of May. 4S HESIOD 'R fLor; o ~, ~\ , ,~ OE O"Ko"vfLo.r; T 1" ~ E'r€~ofLevor; O€VOP€rp ,.av 0" E£ \., , WORKS AND DAYS t Ka. 1]X€Ta T€TTt. , •• ~ \ "t'YvP1]V KaTaX€V€T aow'7 v ''/' \ 7rVKVOV V7rO 7rT€PV'YOJV, OJp€O~ KafLaTWO€O~ WPV, , ... ".,. a£'Y€~ .\ , ~ fLaX",OTaTat Ka. O£VOr; " 'YVVa£K€~, O€ liV8p€~ . ~.,,, 'T'7fLor; 7rWTaTa£ T ap!o"TO~, ./,' a'raVpOTaTO! .' O€ 585 TO " • \ ./, ~ \ , 1 '" 1 "I' €£CHV, E7rE£ K€'ra"'T}V Ka. 'Y0VVaTa k€£PW~ a,,€!, • ~ 1 0' \' \ 1 ,~ ~, ,,". ava,,€o~ o€ T€ xpwr; V7rO KavfLaTo~' u",,,,a TOT 1]01]· " I €£1] 7T€Tpa£1] T€ o"K£1]"(3'(3~ Ka£ £ ,,£vo~ '1'" " "'\ , '..... ' ,,, fLa,a T afLo"'Ya£1] 'Ya",a T a£'YOJv \ (3' t, rf.,. oo~ V"'0'ra'Y0w f ' f Kat , 7rPOJT0'Y0VWV Kp€a~ ',J... T " €P£'rWV' • • (3 1 G' €vvvfL€vaOJ7J, o£vo~, 590 I fL'7 7rOJ T€TOKV£'7r; '\~'''O ' E7r£ 0 at o7ra 7rtV€fL€ O{,VOV, • O"KtV " €~OfL€VOV, '1" l • ""~" EV KEKop'7!1-eVov '7TOP €OOJo'7~, , I ' Z €'rvpov ..J.. , I UKpa€O~ avnov I " I , ' ... ,,.. , TP€ 'I' aVTa 7rpoO"OJ7ra, , I I'f 'O'~ , O"WTO~, Kp'7v'7r; T a.€vaov Ka. a7r0ppVTOV, 1]T a 'fIt' Tptr; D.fLOJO"£ • . l 595 ('/" 't'~, e'TT'OTpUV€£V D.1]fL~T€pOr; l€fJOV aKT~v 8' • , 7rPOX€€£V, TO oe T€TpaTOV t€fL€V O£VOV, voaTo~ , • " "0' ./, In 1 o£VefL€V, EVT av 7rpWTa 'ravv 0" wor; .. aptOJ7JO~, , , 'I' 'l ,"'\,,"\. ... Xwprp EV eva€£ Ka. €VTpoxa"rp EV a",OJV. 0 '" • , , \ .\ , ." 1 fL€Tprp 0 EV KOfLtO"aO" at EV U'Y'Y€G'tV' aVTap €'TT'1]V 01] ' ( 3 '£OV KaT a' 0 1 " • 0t O,KOV, 'I 7raVTa 1]a! '€'TT'apfL€vov €VOO " 1 01]Ta ~/)< 0£~1]0" 600 " " 0 a£ Ka.\ aTEKVOV " " 0 07J T , aO£KOV 7rOt€£0" ept 0at '. '. I, ~ \ Of" " K€/\,0fLat' xa"'E7r1] 0 V7r07rOpTt~ €pt 0o~' , , KapxapoooVTa KOfLE£V, " fL1] \ 'r€tO€O ./, Kat\ Kvva G'tTOV, , fL1] " 7rOTE 0" e'A1]Tat. , ~, • (', 1]fLEpOKotTO~ 1 \ '" \ aV1]p a7rO I XP1]fLa 0' r ./,'''./, XOPTOV 0 €O"KofLtG'a£ Ka. O"VP'r€TOV, 0'rpa TOt E 1] (3OVO"t, But when the artichoke flowers,l and the chirping grass-hopper sits in a tree and pours down his shrill song continually from under his wings in the season of wearisome heat, then goats are plumpest and wine sweetest; women are most wanton, but men are feeblest, because Sirius parches head and knees and the skin is dry through heat. But at that time let me have a shady rock and wine of Biblis, a clot of curds and milk of drained goats with the flesh of an heifer fed in the woods, that has never calved, and of firstling kids; then also let me drink bright wine sitting in the shade, when my heart is satisfied witl~ food, and so, turning my head to face the fresh Zephyr, from the everflowing spring which pours down unfouled thrice pour an offering of water, but make a fourth libation of wine. 'f' , , cpl:>..a 'Y0uvaTa Ka£ 1]fLwVOtG'tV €7rTJ€TaVOV, OfLWM avatu~a, , ~ " aVTap E'TT'EtTa Kal. (30€ :>"uO"a£. 605 . Set your slaves to winnow Demeter's holy grain, when strong Orion 2 first appears, on a smooth threshing-floor in an airy place. Then measure it and store it in jars. And so soon as you have safely stored all your stuff indoors, I bid you put your bondman out of doors and look out a servant-girl with no children ;-for a servant, with a child to ?urse is troublesome. And look after the dog with Jagged teeth; do not grudge him his food or some , ' time the Day-sleeper 3 may take your stuff. Bring in fodder and litter so as to have enough for your oxen and mules. After that, let your men rest their poor knees and unyoke your pair of oxen. 1 In June. II July. I i.e. " robber. 47 WORKS AND DAYS HESIOD ~ ,. E VT aIJ , . , .... , , I ·'8 uapLWIJ ICaL ""€LP£O~ e<; fJ- eITOIJ € '" V , I 'APICTOVPOIJ " 1 '" , " ", , 'H "'~, ' 610 OvpaIJoIJ, 0", "ITWll pooooaICTV"'o~ • II' 1 , 'I;:" "I:' r.J' W epITrJ. TOTE 7raIJTa~ a7roop€7r€IJ oLICaoe ",OTpU';' ~"n 0 ., "",' '" , '" ""/: , o€£sat 0 rJel\.L'!' o€ICa T , 'l}fJ-aTa ICaL o€ICa VVICTa~. 'c;:.~ , rl N')f "..J...' 7r€VTe OE ITvITICtaITat. EICT,!, 0 eL~ aryrye a'l'VITrraL "" A' ' 8 'eo,;. aVTap " "E7rrJV 0'1 '" owpa t.J.LWIJvrrOV 7rO"'vry'Y) IIA-'Y)tdS€~ 8' 'Tdo€~ Te TO TE IT8eIJo~ 'nap,,,,vo~ ",!€7re£T" , '" OVVWITW, TOT apOTov fJ-€fJ-VrJfJ-€VO~ €tva, f , "\ \ C:-' ' 8 ' " • wpatov' 7r I\.IlI"'IJ o€ ICaTa X ovo~ apfJ-€VO'; €trrlv. 615 r;;<' E L'''' o€ ITe • " av €VT ..J... ' ( "OVIT7rEfJ-'I'€/\'OV "-" "tfJ-epo~ atpEL, • " II'"''Y)laoe~ '" "Q 'HapLWVO~ n' IT 8' €VO,; O",ptfJ-OV vaV'TbI""'Y)~ ' , r::-I ,. , 620 'I'€vryovrraL 7r"L'TrTWITW €<; rJEpoeto€a 7rOVTOV, r;:.\' I ,- , 0'1 TOTE 7TaVTOLWIJ aV€fJ-wv " , ICab TOTe fJ-rJIC€'Tb " , 8 ... v'I}a~ ~, 8u£OvrrlV 1 'arJTat' ''' I ,\" 1 €X€W €VL OW07Tt 7rOVT'!'. ' .IT€, ' ICe",ww. ... 0C;:-',J,'" "8 vrJa €7r fJ7rELPOV €pVITat 7TVICarrat TE ",L OtITt , 8 ",1.' 7raIJTO €V, 0't'P tITXWIT aV€fLWV fL€VO~ v'YpOVa€VTWV, , 1/:' " , '8 A' " Q X€LfJ-apOV "t;;€pVITa~, £va fJ-rJ TTV V /.>.w~ 0fL"'PO~' 1:'" , , ,.", 8 " O7T",a 0 E7TapfJ-€Va 7TaVTa T€,!, eryICaT €O OtIC,!, ,~ ryrJV €P'Ya.,err at fJ-€fJ-vrJfJ-eIJO~, w~ I J1 ", , f , " 625 tI"\ , , €VICO rrfLw~ "" 7r'l}oaI\.LOV "\., , rrTO"'Lrra~ IJ'I}O~ "" 0 \ 1 7TTepa 7rOVT07TOPOLO' ,. , ICa7rIJOV" ICp€fJ-arrarr ' 8at. €v€prye~ V7r€P "~'f"" "\.,'/ ""\8 630 aVTO<; 0 "'pawv fJ-LfJ-V€W 7r",OOV. €LrrOICEV E", V' " " 8 ' -, " " , ' ,,, , "' ICa. TOT€ vrJa OfJIJ al\.ao E",IC€fJ-€V, €V OE T€ 't'0PTOV " " 8at. ('I' J1 c;:. 't' " apfJ-€IJov eVTvvarr W OtICao€ IC€POO~ apfJat, ff , , " w<; 7r€P €fJ-0<; T€ 7raTfJp ICab " ITO~, , fJ-erya VrJ7Tt€ II' eprrv. " err8'",oV' 8 " " " . , 'I}'" e. 7TOI\.VV ota 7rOIJTOV aIJvITrra~, 7rP0A-L7TWIJ, EV VrJ£ fJ-eA-alvv' , 'y " EV IJfJVITL. , ",LOV Q' " 7r","'L.,errIC ICEXP'Y)fJ-€VO~ d "", o~ 7TOTE ICaL, TVO .... KVfJ-rJv AloA-loa OUIC lIcpEvo<; cpevrywIJ ouoe 7TA-ohaIJ T€ ICal SA-flOIJ, I Rzaoh: ...v..... 1488. 635 But when Orion and Sirius are come into midheaven, and rosy-fingered Dawn sees Arcturus,! then cut off all the grape-clusters, Perses, and bring them home. Show them to the sun ten days and ten nights: then cover them over for five, and on the sixth day draw off into vessels the gifts of joyfnl Dionysus. But when the Pleiades and Hyades and strung Orion begin to set? then remember to plough in season: and so the completed year B will fit! y pass beneath the earth. But if desire for uncomfortable sea-faring seize you; when the Pleiades plunge into the misty sea 4 to escape Orion's rude strength, then truly gales of all kinds rage. Then keep ships no longer on the sparkling sea, but bethink you to till the land as I bid you. Haul up your ship upon the land and pack it closely with stones all round to keep off the power of the winds which blow damply, and draw out the bilge-plug so that the rain of heaven may not rot it. Put away all the tackle and fittings in your house, and stow the wings of the sea-goiug ship neatly, and hang up the well-shaped rudder over the smoke. You yourself wait until the season for sailing is come, and then haul your swift ship down to the sea and stow a convenient cargo in it, so that you may bring home profit, even as your father and mine, foolish Perses, used to sail on shipboard because he lacked sufficient livelihood. And one day he came to this very place crossing over a great stretch of sea; he left Aeolian Cyme and fled, not from riches and substance, but from wretched I September. ' The end of October. I That is, the ouccession of stars which make up the full year. • The end of October or beginuing of November. . 49 HESIOD WORKS AND DAYS • " "a,,'YJv , 7T€V£'YJV. , T'YJV ' ZEV~ ' aVOpE(nn ~ ~ ~,~ . aXI\a O£OCflUW I (10'''' fE'''' ,~,.., \ ' vauuaTO 0 a'YX ",£"CflVO~ O£~VP'[J €V. "CflfLTI. ~ ~ 8' • ,l .~, • • AU"PTl, XE£fLa "a,,'[l, EP€£ ap'Ya",e'[l, OVoE 7TOT EUOXV. MO '., ~ l ' Tvv'YJ 0', Cfl ITEPU"1, EpryCflJl fLEfLv'YJfLevo~ E£va£ , " 7TaVTCflV. 7TEP£" vaVT£"'£71~ , 0'E fLa'X £O'Ta. Cflpa£CflV ., '"' " ""'.l, ' 0. 'EU0 at. V'Y". J OA£ry"1V a£VE£V, fL€'ya",'[l 0 EV' 'f'opT£a fLEtSCflV fL~V cp6pTO~, fLE'isov 0' f7Tl "epoEi "Jpoo~ " JI ,,,, \ ' , , I 615 eUO'ETa£ €£" aVEfLo£ ryE "alCa~ a7rEXCflO'£IJ a"1Ta~. ' EUT' &V E7T' EfL7TOpt'YJV TPE'irM aEutrppova SUfLOV , , TE 7TpO'f'Vry€£IJ .l," '" {3oVA'YJa£ xpea "a." "'£fLoV aTEp7TEa, OEt~Cfl O~ '1'0£ fLETpa 7TOXVcpXotu{3o£O OaAauu'YJ~, " " UEU0'f'£UfL€VO<; "" " T£ V'YJCflV. ,.. OVTE T£ vaVT£"'£'YJ~ OVTE " '"CflV , '€vpea " 7TOVTOV, 650 OU" ryap , 7TCfl 7TOT€ V'YJ£1 ry E7Te7T 'I:A"'~ ~ 7rOT"A xa£O£' E£, fL'YJ" E<; E~Q VfJO£av EO;; V"'£OO~, II , ,.."'\, '",\'" fLE£vaVTE<; XE£fLCflva 7TO",VV UVV ",aov ary€£pav 'EXAaoo~ E~ iEpTj<; T pot'YJV E<; "aXXtv E7T' /1EOAa oatcppovo~ , AfLrp£oafLaVTO<; XaX,,[oa '1" Et<; E'frep'YJua' Ta oe 7Tp07TEcppaofLEva 7TOXAa 655 /lEOX' €O€uav 7Ta'ioE~ fL€ryaA~TOpo<;' €vOa fL~ CP'YJfL£ fI , rI.' 1(10'" V/.£lJCfl v£"'YJO'avTa 'f' epE£IJ Tp£7TOO CllTCllEVTa. , "fLev E'YCll , , M' 'E'",t"Cflv£aoEUU ,~, , TOV ouu'[}~ aVe 'YJ"a, "ev 0a fLE TO,~, ~"Q • ~~ 7rPWTOV "'£'YUP"1<; €7TEfJ'YJuav ao£o"1<;' , " , , ' . l , 660 TOUUOV TO£ V'YJWV "IE 7TE7TE£P'YJfL at 'TrO"'U'YOfL'f'CflV' aAXa leal &<; EPECfl Z'YJvo<; v60v ai'Y£6xoto' ~ " 'N~ I: 'O'.l, " , ,~ Mouuat ryap fL EO£Dasava EU'f'aTOV up,vov aE£DE£V. " I ' \ ' , ' HfLaTa 7TEVT'YJ"OVTa p,ETa Tp07Ta<; 'YJE",£O£O, , TEAO~ , "0'OVTO~ 0'Epeo<; lCap,aTCllOEO<; '0" €<; EI\. WP'YJ<;, 1\66 o)pa'io<; 7rEAETat OV'YJTO'i<; 7Tx60<;' oihE "E vTja Kau&,at<; oih' /1vopa~ a'TrocpO/i£UE£€ 8aXauua, to poverty which Zeus lays upon men, and he settled near Helicon in a miserable hamlet, Ascra, which is bad in winter, sultry in summer, and good at no time. But you, Perses, remember all works in .heit season but sailing especially. Admire a small ship, but put your freight in a large one; for the greater the lading, the greater will be your piled gain, if only the winds will keep back their harmful gales. If ever you turn your misguided heart to trading and wish to escape from debt and joyless hunger, I will show you the measures of the loud.roaring sea, though I have no skill in sea-faring nor in ships; for never yet have I sailed by ship over the wide sea, but only to Euboea from Aulis where the Achaeans once stayed through much storm when they had gathered a great host from divine Hellas for Troy, the land of fair women. Then I crossed over to Chalcis, to the games of wise Amphidamas where the sons of the great-hearted hero proclaimed and appointed prizes. And there I boast that I gained the victory with a song and carried off an handled tripod which I dedicated to the Muses of Helicon, in the place where they first set me in the way of clear song. Such is all my experience of many-pegged ships; nevertheless I will tell you the will of Zeus who holds the aegis; for the Muses have taught me to sing in marvellous song. Fifty days after the solstice,! when the season of wearisome heat is come to an end, is the right time for men to go sailing. Then you will not wreck your ship, nor will tbe sea destroy the sailors, unless 1 Jnl:r-Augu.~ 50 HESIOD WORKS AND DAYS €l (j~ p.~ 7fpo Poseidon the Earth-Shaker be set upon it, or Zeus, the king of the deathless gods, wish to slay them; for the issues of good and evil alike are with them. At that time the winds are steady, and the sea is Then trust in the winds without care, harmless. and haul your swift ship down to the sea and put all the freight on board; but make all haste you can to return home again and do not wait till the time of the new wine and autumn rain and oncoming storms with the fierce gales of Notus who accom· panies the heavy autumn rain of Zeus and stirs up the sea and makes the deep dangerous. Another time for men to go sailing is in spring when a man first sees leaves on the topmost shoot of a fig-tree as large as the foot-print that a crow makes; then the sea is passable, and this is the spring sailing time. For my part I do not praise it, for my heart does not like it. Such a sailing is snatched, and you will hardly avoid mischief. Yet in their ignorance men do even this, for wealth means life to poor mortals; but it is fearful to die among the waves. But I bid you consider all these things in your heart as I say. Do not put all your goods in hollow ships; leave the greater part behind, and put the lesser part on board; for it is a bad business to meet with disaster among the waves of the sea, as it is bad if you put too great a load on your waggon and break the axle, and your goods are spoiled. Observe due measure: and proportion is best in all things. 'npaZo~ 8E ryvvat:!Ca T€6V 7T'oTl oZ!Cov c'iry€u8at, , , " I'). _ ',,\ "\.." I.' fL'I)T€ TP''1!COVTWV €T€WJJ p.a,,,,, 7rOll.II. a7l'0",et7l'WJJ Bring home a wife to your house when you are of the right age, while you are not far short of thirty e' " ° ° 00, 52 695 53 WORKS AND DAYS HESIOD years nor much above; this is the right age for marnage. Let your wife have been grown up foul' years, and marry her in the fifth. Marry a maiden, so that you can teach her careful ways, and especially marry one who lives near you, but look well about you and see that your marriage will not be a joke to your neighbours. For a man wins nothing better than a good wife, and, again, nothing worse than a bad one, a greedy soul who roasts her man without fire, strong though he may be, and brings him to a raw laId age. E V• a~,,, 07TW • ewat. ' , a' 8 avaTWV J.LaICapwv ,/.. , L 7Te'f'v",a'YJ.LElJO~ ., ICa ,~, I Heyne: RI' , Another recension has aaAOV AENOPQ, Plutarch, Stabaeu.. S4 "cd EV wJ.l.ti ')'~pa,r 8ijlCfV: HO Be careful to avoid the anger of the deathless gods. Do not make a friend equal to a brother; but if you do, do not wrong him first, and do not lie to please the tongue. But if he wrong you first, offending either in word or in deed, remember to repay him double; but if he ask you to be his friend again and be ready to give you satisfaction, welcome him. He is a worthless man who makes now one and now another his friend; but as for you, do not let your face put your heart to shame. 2 Do not get a name either as lavish or as churlish; as a friend of rogues or as a slanderer of good men. Never dare to taunt a man with deadly poverty which eats out the heart; it is sent by the deathless gods. The best treasUJ'e a man can have is a sparing tongue, and the greatest pleasure, one that moves orderly; for if you speak evil, you yourself will soon be worse spoken of. I i.e. untimely, premature. Juvenal similarly speaks of .. crud .. senectu." (caused by gluttony). 'The thought is parallel to that of "0, what a goodly outside falsehood hath." 55 WORKS AND DAYS HESIOD M1]8~ 'TrOAvg€lVOV Oal'TO~ OVIT'Trep,eAO<; elllal , "-.,' ~" €" "owov' 7r,,€IIT'T"1 oe , "-.,' ~, 'TrO'T , €S ,/: "10V~ ' " ull A'..."EI(3'€f.1,€11 al"8O'Tra OiVOV • M"10€ \ aVI7r'TOIITIV " "...... ' xepITtV f.1,1]0~, a",,,,ol~ a' 0 aVa'TOIITW' " I "\. xapl~, . ~ oa'Trav"1 'T o"lryIIT'T"1. , OV ryap 'TOI ry€ "",VOVITIV, a7r07l''TVOVITI o€ 'T M "10~" , , ... ' all'T " 1]E",IOV , aV'Tap €'Tr€t "6 OV'[I, f.1,~'T' ell • €"OP,EIIO<; " 'Y/ ° ryE rf " , ai1l0V'Ta' oor/l f.1,~'T' e,,'To<; ooou 7rpo(3cfo'Y/lI olJP~IT'[I~ .', Of f.1,'Y/0 a7l'0ryvp,vw e.,· ~, e<; 'T p,ef.1,II7Jf.1,€VO~, apa~. " 0p 0"0<; 0f.1,tXEtV· " 'TE'Tpap,p,€lIo~ I" ,~, 725 to"" , I ,,, p,a"apwv 'Tot VV"'TE<; eaITw' " °dO" rye €l0~ av'Y/p, ° ~, ,,.. 7rpO~ 'TotXOIl ,~" M1]0·' . atoOla "'\ , 730 I'~ , €toW~, 'TrE'TrIlVp,eVa , , ',,\ ... 'Tr€",aITa~ €V€P"€O~ av",'Y/~. ryOV'[I" ... , 'TrE'Tra",aryf.1,€VO~ iIT'Tl'[l ep,'TreAaOOIl 'Traparpallllp,€II, ". 8I Ot"OV " €VOO aAA' aAlaITBat. rI.' ' r i . a'TrOIlOlT'T"lfrall'Ta ' , p,'Y/O. ' , a71'0' . OVfr't"YJp,oto 'Ta't'0v 735 , U''Trepp,aWEW ~' M "1oE , " a",,,, , ... ' a, B ' " oat'To<;. ~ , ryell€"lll, alla'TWII a7rO , 'TrO'Tap,WII " "a""lppOOIl ..... ' •• 'TrO'T" atElIaWII VOwp ,.. " til: ,~, , "\ \ ~'B 'TrOITU't 7rEpall, 'Trptll ry EV",'[I WWII €<; "a"a pee pa, " X€lpa~ •o~ .." - ' ~ ..."",V"rp. " lit~,. 'f ap,ello~ 'Tro"v1]pa'Trp voan , 7rO'Tap,OIl (3" ota '[I ~ , "t>' "a"o'T'Y/'T toe ... " X€lpa~ avt'Tr'TO~, " De .' Beo.\ 1I€p,eU'Wfrt " "a.\ a"ryEa .... ." " 'Trp ow"av O'TrIU'frW. M'Y/o' am} 7rEIITotOIO Beooll ell oat'Tt BaAe!y "" "Tap,IIEtll ' avo II a7rO X"wpOV at"()Will U'to'Y/Prp. . M "loe n 'ep,€v ·' 71'OT" OWOX0'Y/1I '0 , e'Tr " . 'tJ'WEP Be "P"l'T'Y/po~ '"\..l."""'''' 'FrIIlOIl'TWII' 0"'0'1 'Yap .' I aVTrp p,olpa 'TOTV"'Tat. 7~ Do not be boorish at a common feast where there are many guests; the pleasure is greatest and the expense is least. 1 Never pour a libation of sparkling wine to Zeus after dawn with unwashen hands, nor to others of the deathless gods; else they do not hear your prayers but spit them back. Do not stand upright facing the sun when you make water, but remember to do this when he has set and towards his rising. And do not make water as you go, whether on the road or off the road, and do not uncover yourself: the nights belong to the blessed gods. A scrupulous man who has a wise heart sits down or goes to the wall of an enclosed court. Do not expose yourself befouled by the fireside in your house, but avoid this. Do not beget children when you are come back from ill-omened burial, but after a festival of the gods. Never cross the sweet-flowing water of ever-rolling rivers afoot until you have prayed, gazing into the soft flood, and washed your hands in the clear, lovely water. Whoever crosses a river with hands unwashed of wickedness, the gods are angry with him and bring trouble upon him afterwards. At a cheerful festival of the gods do not cut the withered from the quick upon that which has five ' branches 2' with bright steel. Never put the ladle upon the mixing-bowl at a wine party, fOI' malignant ill-luck is attached to that. 1 The" common feast" is one to which all present Rub.cribe. Theognis (line 495) says that one of the chief pleasuI'!?S of .. banquet is the general conversation. Hence the present passage means that such a feast naturally costs !itMe, while the many present will make pleasurahle convers ..tion. ~ i.e. "dQ not cut your finger-na.i.lIS." 57 WORKS AND DAYS HESIOD ~, "' 'I: ~ , oOfLoV 7T'OtWV aV67Ttr;€r:TTOV KaTa",€t7TEtV, 'J. l ' " ' '1:.,.' l'" ' fL'I'JI Tot €'t'€~OfL€V'7 KpW~'[) ",aKepU~a KOpWV'I'J' ~, M 'l'J0€ ' , M 'l'J0.. a7T'O " 8 '.' , ,\ , ~, ~'8 €r:T €tV fL'l'JO€ ",0€r:T at' €7T€t Kat M'l'J0 t" , €7T aKtV'7Totr:Tt ~ ""€Vt TOt~ 1" Ka 8t~€fL6V, ", ~ "'Ii:' '.,. I XUTP07TOOWV aV€7TtppEKTWV aV€"'OVTa rf"'" ,.. , 7TOtV'7, " " ou 'Yap afL6tVOV, I 750 ... 7T'atoa OUWO€KaTaWV, OT av€p aV'7vopa 7TOt€t, '" , ~,~ ~, " fL'7O€ ouwo€KafL'l'Jvov' !r:TOV Kat TOUTO T€TUKTat, fL'l'Joe 'YUVatK€£rp XOUTprf> xpoa cpatopuv€uBat " '\. ,,\' " , )f'"€7T't I av€pa' "'€U'Ya",€'I'J 'Yap €7T't XPOVOV €r:TT , t'>,t "'8' ... , TfLl... . Kao , fL'l'JO t€potr:Ttv E7T' at OfLEVOtUt Kup'7ua~ 7TOtVY) , B" €O~ "~ "\. fLWfL€U€tV ato'7",a' I ~, " vu Tt " Kat" Ta d~ " .. V€fL€r:Tu,!, ~ 755. I fL'l'JO€ 7TOT €V 7TpOXO'[)~ 7T'OTafLWV a",ao€ 7T'pOpeOVTWv ~, , , , '" ,~.' 'I: ~, fL'7O €7T'o ICP'7vawv OUpEtV, fLa",a 0 €~a",€ar:T at' B t" ... 1,. , , "" ",\'" TO 'Yap ou TOt ",WtoV €r:TTtV, fL'l'JO €va7T'0'l' UX€W' .n~' €P0€tV' O€tv'7V O€ fJPOTWV U7ra",€u€o ~, J. I 't''7fL'l'JV, 760 ,J.." \', 'rk \ , ... 't''7fL'I'J 'Yap T€ ICaIC'I'J 7T'€II.€Tat, ICOU't''I'J fLEV aEtpat , " fLa"" apra",E'I'J ~, , p€ta O€ 't'€P€tv, Xa"'E7ry) 0 a7T'O- °"• . ' . ' (:) " , .,.' .'./,' '.,." .' 8Jr:T8a" J. ' " , " . , . .,. " Ttva 7T'O",,,,Ot .,..,. , 't''l'JfL'I'J 0.' OUTt~ 7TafL7rav a7TO",,,,UTat, 'Iv '..I... 'f:: I " \', Xao. 't''l'JfLt,>Wr:T'' €O~ vu Tt~ Er:TTt ICat aUT'7' 8' "HfLam 8' EK ~t6B€V 7T€cpuXarfLJvo~ €D ICaTa 761i fLo'ipav J..' .' '. ' aptr:TT"1V ., 7T'€'t'paO€fL€V OfLW€r:Tr:Tt' Tpt"1Kaoa fL'l'JVO~ 't>' ~ B f ' , , A' , -, A tOE 'Yap 'l'JfL€pa, €tUo u.to~ 7rapa fL'l'JTtoEVTO~. to. ,"\. 8 €VT aV a",'I'J €t'I'JV ",aot ICp£VOVTE~ arWUlV, " €P'Ya T f'" l' , , I f "'\, , E7r07TT€U€tV 'l'J0 apfLal\.''7v oaTEar:T at, , , I '\. " " " "€V"1 TETpa~ , T€ ICao\ €fJOOfL"1 '(:). I€POV t)fLap' II PWTOV " 'Yap , 'A 7ro",,,,wva I.,..,. "'YEtVaTO A7/TW' ' T'[) xpvr:Taopa I , t> I to" o'YooaT'I'J 0 I ~ I \" " . EvaT"1 T€. ovw 'YE fLEV 'lfLaTa W,!/JO~ 769 768 ~170 When you are building a house,do not leave it roughhewn, or a cawing crow may settle on it and croak. Take nothing to eat or to wash with from uncharmed pots, for in them there is mischief. Do not let a boy of twelve years sit on things which may not be moved,! for that is bad, and makes a man unmanly; nor ye~ a child of twelve months, for that has the same effect. A man should not clean his body with water in which a woman has washed, for there is bitter mischief in that also for a time. When you come upon a burning sacrifice, do not make a mock of mysteries, for Heaven is angry at this also. Never make water in the mouths of rivers which flow to the sea, nor yet in springs; but be careful to avoid this. And do not ease yourself in them: it is not well to do this. . So do: and avoid the talk of men. For Talk is ;nischievous, light, and easily raised, but hard to bear and difficult to be rid of. Talk never wholly dies away when many people voice her: even Talk is in some ways divine. Mark the days which come from Zeus, duly telling your slaves of them, and that the thirtieth day of the month is best for one to look over the work and to deal out supplies. For these are days which come from Zeus the allwise, when men discern aright. To begin with, the first, the fourth, and the seventh-on which Leta bare Apollo with the blade of gold-each is a holy day, The eighth and 1 i.e. things which it would he sacrilege to disturb, Buch aB tombs, 59 HESIOD WORKS AND. DAYS e "t •• t (3pO'Tl]CTta €P'Y " a 7T'W€CT at' €,Ox aeso/uVOtO €V()€Ka'T'TJ ()e ()VW()€Ka'T'TJ 'T', lip,cpw "IE p,€V €CTfJAal, , ' "ot~ 7T'EtK€W , '~'''A.. ' , ,., f) l]p,EV 1]0 €v'f'pova Kap7T'OV ap,aCT at' 775 " €VOEKa'T'Y)~ '''' 1], OE OVWO€Ka'T'TJ 'T'Y)~ P,€'Y ap,€tvwv' .... , ,., ' " " 'TV ryap 'Tot VrJ V'Ip,a'T aEpCTt7T'O'T'TJ'TO~ apaxv'TJ~ " , ,,\' Iff )/~ " ,., l]p,a'TO~ €K 7T',,€toU, O'TE £Opt~ CTWpOV ap,aTat' ~, ' ( 3 ,"' \ ' " 'TV 0 tCT'TOV CT'T·'Y)CTat'TO ryUV7j 7T'pO a",OtTo TE €pryOV. M TJvo~ ' 0.'"tCT'Tap,€VOU 'TptCTICatoEKaT'TJV """ a",€aCT f) at 78~ CT7T'€pf1>aTO~ lip;aCTf)at' CPV'Ttt ()' €vB p€..y-aCTO at , aptCT'T'TJ. dE K'T'TJ 0~, 1]~ P,€CTCT'TJ I ,"\," '" " ,I.. .... f1>a", aCTup,'f'0pO<;; ECT'Tt 'f'UTOtCTW, , ~ , f;:-" f) I I ~, , ,,/,. I , avoporyovo<;; 0 a'Ya 'Y)' /CoupV 0 OU CTUf1>'f'0PO~ €o-nv, " If) at 7rpWT .... , OU'T ",.\ I ' ( 3O"'Y)CTat. '" OVTE 'YEVcCT ap ryaf1>ov avn ' . ' f1>cV " 'TJ 7T'pWT'Y) ,~ , '0 at OvoE e/c'Tl] KOUPV "IE 1 ryeV€CT 785 " . " " " , / . , \ ' " apf1>Evo~, a",,, €Pt'f'0U~ 'Tap,VEW Ka, 7T'wea P,'I"WV , 'T"rI...(3'''' '" '" CT7jIC01' af1>'f't a,,€£v 7T'Otf1>V'I£OV 'Y)7T'WV l]p,ap' fa-f)A'1 ()' Iw()poryavo~' cptA€ot ()' ;; ryE 2 /C€pTOf1>a .'" '" .... f , , ., , \ , , (3aSEW . .r. '''' 0' 't' €VoEa ,"\, atp,u",wu<;; , 'T6 ,I,/., ",oryou<;; KpU'f'toV~ 'T , OaftCTp,ov~. 790 M'Y)vo~ ()' ory()oa'TV Ka7rPOV Kat (3oDv €ptp,VKOV , ' 'Tap,V€/L€V, ovp'Y)a~ oe OVWO€KaTV Ta",a€pryov~. ' '" a"" €V f1>€rya"'?J, " 7T''''€f[J , ' "'Ip,an, "tCTTOpa 'f'WTa ,/." E tKaot ' f ) at· f1>a"a ' , , \ryap " , ry€WaCT 'T€ VOOV 7T€7T'VKaCTp,€VO~ , , ECTnv. 'f) " 0" " . , . ' 'f>' \ ECT "1] avoporyovo~ O€/CaT'TJ, KOUPV OE 'Til 'T€TP'W , " .' ""\ " , ' " ' " (3" f1>€frCTTJ' 'TV O€ TE f1>'Y)"a Kat €t"t7rova~ €"'tKa~ OU~ 795 \ I , ~ "... "\ ' KaL /Cuva /Capxapr;JDOVTa /Ca. ovp'la~ 'Ta"a€pryou~ 7rP'7iJ'V€IV f7rt x/ipa ne€t~. 7r€cpoAa;o ()e OVf1>rp , ." "'" '" I R""ch: KOOpp TO, AFGH eto. : KOOpV'" • A: ..,1<.1., or ,1<.10, 6l 60 Kf, MSS. TO, KL: KQUpp"'. O. the ninth, two days at least of the waxing month,l are specially good for the works of man. Also the eleventh and twelfth are both excellent, alike for shearing sheep and for reaping the kindly fruits; but the twelfth is much better than the eleventh, for on it the airy-swinging spider spins its web in full day, and then the Wise One,2 gathers her pile. On that day a woman should set up her loom and get forward with her work. Avoid the thirteenth of the waxing month for beginning to sow: yet it is the best day for setting plants. The sixth of the mid-month is very unfavourable for plants, but is good for the birth of males, though unfavourable for a girl either to be bom at all or to be married. N or is the first sixth a fit day for a girl to be bom, but a kindly for gelding kids and sheep and for fencing in a sheep-cote. It is favourable for the hirth of a boy, but such will be fond of sharp speech, lies, and cunning words, and stealthy converse. On the eighth of the month geld the boar and loud-bellowing bull, but hard-working mules on the twelfth. On the great twentieth, in full day, a wise man should be born. Such an one is very sound-witted. The tenth is favourable for a male to be born; but, for a girl, the fourth day of the mid-month. On that day tame sheep and shambling, horned oxen, and the sharp-fanged dog and hardy mules to the touch of the hand. But take care to avoid troubles which I The month is divided into three periods, the waxing, the mid-month, and the waning, which answer to the phases of I i.c. the ant. the moon. 61 WORKS AND DAYS HESIOD /1' TfTpao' aXfvau/1al 8{VOVTlls lUTaulvo" Tf a /1VP.(:30Pf~ 1 p.aXa yap 2 TfHXEfTP.l.vov ~p.ap. .1XYf' 'E·" v OE , , OIWVOVr; '~O TETapT'[I f//IJVOf; a"lEU at , Kpwa~, '" E71" EP"Y!.LaT£ ,\' 01 a" OIKOV 0" aKOIT£V ovv ,,, TOVT'!' ap!UTOI. , 't , , ( )at, E71"E! " IIEf//TrTar; 0.' E<;ar..eau , , , ' TE Kal, xa"'E71"at awat· ',.J., 71"EP.71"TV 'Yap 'l'auw I t EV 'E ' pwvar; 'A.. "'I. I ap.'I'I7rOr..EVEW "0 pKOV 'YE!VOP.EVOV, ' '~E'''' , TOll P!f; TE/cE 7r'YJp." E71"IOpKOt~. ~'f(:3~' .' \ I f ' , \ ' BOO M EUU[l 0 E oop.aTV u'IJP.'IJT€PO~ IEpOV aKTlJll ... EV ',,\" I , ,"'\." "\. ... p.ar.. 07rt7rEVOVTa €VTPOXar..'l' EV ar..w'[l (:3a;'\.;'\.ep.EV, V;'\.OTOP.OV TE Tap.EtV Oa;'\.ap.,]ta Dovpa , , l1'IJla 1:', S vr..a TE " ' , 7rO",r..a, Ta T , ~ I app.Eva V'lJVU' 7r€A.OV'Tat. '. TETpaO! .' apXEU " 0al l1'IJar; " 0 ' , 0.'""I E Iva~ , 0at apatar;. ' , 71"T)'YVVU " OEIEr..a • " "",wwv T)p.ap, • P.EUU'IJ E71"1 81Q ' TrpWnUT'IJ 71"ava7r'IJP.wv av 0PW71"O!U!V' , 0""'''I P.EV , 'Yap '0' "I~ "IE • 'l'VT€VEP.EV '" ' ,,>, 'YEVEU '0 al ~u 'IJoe 0~", Elva~ I , " "~, I I \ " ~ I aVEpt T tlOE 'YvvalKI' Ka. OV7rOTE 71"a'YKaKov 'YJp.ap. ,., II avpol ~'.;o " II:' aVTE Iuaut TpUl"EWaOa 0 \, p.'YJvo~ I apluT'lJV /1pgauOat TE 71"ieov Kat €7rt ~V'YOV aiJx~vl BeLVa! \ (:3 OVU! " V'lJa \ (1 \ Kal T)P.toVOlUI Ka. " ' . 0 0'IJV ' 7rOr..VKr..T)toa t/ 171"7r0!~ 811 't' , WKV71"OOEO'Ut, , E!r; mV07ra 7rOVTOV , " B' , ' E!pVf1Eval' 71"avpOI DE T a,,"1 Ea KtK"VUKOVUW. , , '1/ "0' ' . 0· " '0 T ETpaOI Ol'YE 7r1 OV' I 1::-'. ,... ' ". 71"EP'I7raVTWV IEpOV 'IJp.ap t ~ 1\ \' , p.EUIT'IJ' 71"avpOt 0 (l'JTE p.€'T EMcui5a fi,'IJ"0r; ap!UT'lJV 8211 ," T)ov~ , '1.',0"1 'Yt"fUOP.Ell'IJ<;' E71"' oEIEr..a 0 I Guyet: 'uI-'0{Jop".' MSS. • Sitt!: ~'Y.... e' 62 , Eun XEPE!WV. • A : I TOI, AM , ~a MBS. •. mORt MSS. eat out the heart on the fourth of the beginning and ending ofthe month; it is a day very fraught with fate . On the fourth of the month bring home your bride, but choose the omens which are best for this business. Avoid fifth days: they are unkindly and terrible. On a fifth, they say, the Erinyes assisted at the birth of Rorcus (Oath) whom Eris (Strife) bare to trouble the forsworn. Look about you very carefully and throw out Demeter's holy grain upon the well-rolled 1 threshing floor on the seventh of the mid·month. Let the woodman cut beams for house building and plenty of ships' timbers, such as are suitable for ships. On the fourth day begin to build narrow ships. The ninth of the mid·month improves towards evening; but the first ninth of all is quite harmless for men. It is a good day on which to beget or to be born both for a male and a female: it is never an wholly evil day. Again, few know that the twenty-seventh of the month is best for opening a wine-jar, and putting yokes on the necks of oxen and mules and swiftfooted horses, and for hauling a swift ship of many thwarts down to the sparkling sea; few call it by its right name. On the fourth day open a jar. The fourth of the mid-month is a day holy above all. And again, few men know that the fourth day after the twentieth is best while it is morning: towards evening it is less good. I Such seema to be the meaning here, though the epithet i. otherwise rendered "well·rounded." Corn was threBhed by means of ...leigh with two runner. having three or four roller. between them, like the modem Egyptian nura". 63 WORKS AND DAYS HESIOD ....., ~~ A WE ~ ~, at 0 "" ,,"'\ "\ ' t' 0a;,"'OL'T]V ",,' " , a"'",OTE ,~ \ (}' l " )/ a",,,,at f'ETaOOU7rOL, alCTlptOL, OU a",,,,o~ 0 , TaCtlV ,., • " p.." "IIJ,EpLLt eHnv E7rtX OVLOL~ P.€"f OVELap, '0' €uoatf'CtlV ",.., . ' " 7raVpOL " aLV€t, , " ., f''T]TpVL'T] 7re"€< 'II-"EP'T], T€ ", Q KaL\ O"'f-JLO~, , I €toCtl~ €p"fa~'1TaL avaLTLO~ n I ¢€POUlFO,L. 0' "LlFaa-LV. DE aA;\.OTe f"}T?Jp. ' o~ '0 7raVTa ' TaO€ '(}' a avaTOLlFLV, " ( } a~ KPWCtlV I Q ' " ' OpVL Ka.\ . U7r€pf-JalFLa~ a",E€LIICtlV. OPNI®OMANTEIA THE DIVINATION BY BIRDS oe Proclus on Works and Days, 828. TOVTot~ '" \ '0 pVL (J op.aVT€taVanva 'd 'A 7rO)..· ,"'CtlVLO~ , • p '0 '0 • 0 OOLO~ a eTE •• €7ra"fovO"£ TLV€~ T'T]V These days are a great blessing to men on earth; but the rest are changeable, luckless, and bring nothing. Everyone praises a different day but few know their nature. Sometimes a day is a step, mother, sometimes a mother. That man is happy and lucky in them who knows all these things and does his work without offending the deathless gods, who discerns the omens of birds and avoids transgression. Some make the Divinatitl1l b!l Birds, which Apollonius of Rhodes rejects as spurious, follow this verse (Works and Dall', 828). HESIOD THE ASTRONOMY Al;TPONOMIA THE ASTRONOMY 1. l. .AehenaflUB Xl.. p. 491 d . .' 0'7 ',/, I ava.,.,EpOfl-EVrW I 7rot'}O"a~ IIEAeu£oa~ aVTa~ Al'YEt· Ta~ Of {lpoTol !CaAEovO"t !Cal I., , Et~ " R O"~Ooov !Ca~, 0. Trw 'A O"TpOVOfl-tav I , , atE' IIEAEtaIlM. 7raA£V" XEt~ptat ovvovO"t IIEAEtaoe~. !Cal 7rtlAW' " , I II' I. T,}fl-0~ a7ro!CpV7rTOVO"t E"EtaoE~ •••• .,. Scholiast on Pindar, Hem. ii. 16. OJV 11', Ot l ao"TEpE~ IIAEta8M ••• '" OVTO" l " T'}V'YET'} T' "EpoEO"'O"a !Ca,, 'R'"E!CTP,} !CvaVOJ7Tt~ 'A ' TE !Cat, 'A O"TEp07T1J ' .' TE K E"atvOJ .,. , A!CVOV'} ot'7 " TE "!Cat MEP07r,}. ' , I ,/, I. M ata Ta~ 'YEtVaTO .,.,atotfl-0~ ~ATAa~. • KVAAt/V'}~ €v 'Epfl-fjv. •~PEo"o"' BEWV • I aVTd~ 66 (Ta~ "TavTo~ The Pleiades ... whose stars are these:-"Lovely Teygeta, and dark-faced Electra, and Alcyone, and bright Asterope, and Celaeno, and Maia, and Merope, whom glorious Atlas begot.. . In the mountains of Cyllene she (Maia) bare Hermes, the herald of the gods." , TEX 2. ZEV~ Of &,0"7'epa~ aOfiAcpa~) 7r€7rol1J1t£, Ta~ ScholiaBl on .A mtw 2 5 4. AND the author of the Astronomy, which is attributed forsooth to Hesiod, always calls them (the Pleiades) Peleiades: "but mortals call them Peleiades"; and again, "the stormy Peleiades go down"; and again, "then the Peleiades hide away •••• " 2. But Zeus made them (the sisters of H yas) into the stars which are called Hyades. Hesiod 67 HESIOD THE ASTRONOMY 'T aoa<;. I~ .. \" WV Ta aVO/LaTa HO'lo8o~ , TV"'AO'TpL'CTi"aVTOV ' " /3'/3 • ' EV ~ Arp DIDacTKct Af.'YWV· N UfL<Pal Xap£TEcTcTlV ofLo'ial,l '" '~ , .' K OpOOVI<; \ ,WcTTE<pavo<; , , TE KAIEla ""alcTVi\.1) 'IOE ffi ' 0 ' " '.' 'E .' , '¥alw II tfLEpOEcTcTa to vowP'l TaVV7T€7TAO<;, •ct<; 'T' ~ '' , \ avct<; KaMOVOW E7T£ XBovt "'VA' avBpw~ I f Ka/\.ovfLEVa<; 7f'CiJV. 3. 3. 'J ~ ApKTo<; fLE'YdAfJ] TctUTfJV 'HcT[oo6<; Pseudo-Emlos/henes Galast. frag. 1. 2 e"" "/3 [" E, Gomm. Supplem. on Aratns, p. 547 M. 8. 'I' ou BOWTOV ' " ' 'A P!c'J'0't'V"UKO<;. '" ,~ TOV !Ca, 7rEpl 7TEpt" 'J'OVTOV This h"lt verse i. added by the Soholiast on Aratus 172 • .The CatruteriBmi (" Placing. among the Stan") i. ~ col: laction of legencla relating to the VIlriouI constellations. 1 68 in his Book about Stars tells us their names as follows: " Nymphs like the Graces, Phaesyle and Coronis and rich-crowned Cleeia and lovely Phaeo and long-robed Eudora, whom the tribes of men upon the earth call Hyades." The Great Bear.]-Hesiod says she (Callisto) was the daughter of Lycaon and lived in Arcadia. She chose to occupy herself with wild-beasts in the mountains together with Artemis, and, when she was seduced by Zeus, continued some time undetected by the goddess, but afterwards, when she was already with child, was seen by her bathing and so discovered. Upon this, the goddess was enraged and changed her into a beast. Thus she became a bear and gave birth to a son called Arcas. But while she was in the mountain, she was hunted by some goat-herds and given up with her babe to Lycaon. Some while after, she thought fit to go into the forbidden precinct of Zeus, not knowing the law, and being pursued by her own son and the Arcadians, was abou.t to be killed because of the said law; but Zeus delivered her because of her connection with him and put her among the stars, giving her the name Bear because of the misfortune which had befallen her. Of Bootes, also called the Bear-warden. The story goes that he is Arcas the son of Callisto and HESIOD THE ASTRONOMY ,"E'YeTat, , • 'A plCa~ " EO"nv 0' K ' " lCal.'A' on aA"t(rrOIi~ u.to~ , . .' \ ' ... ' ,1,8 ' 'YE'Y0VOO~· rulC'l'JUE oE 7rf!P' TO "lilCatOv. 'I' e.po VTO~ AI, ' f AulCaruv, ' \ aIiT'l'JV '-"to~, ou 7rpOU7ro''I'Juaft€VO~ 0 TOV A' 'I:'EVt~€V, ~ • 'I''I'JUtIJ A. '11' " " " ,-".a ES OO~ - U'OOO~, Ka.\ TO\ IJPErt>0~ Zeus, and he lived in the country about Lycaeum. After Zeus had seduced Callisto, Lycaon, pretending not to know of the matter, entertained Zeus, as Hesiod says, and set before him on the table the babe which he had cut up. t\ 't lCaTalCO a~ , \T'l'JV , 7rape'8 '1ICEV E7rt 'i' TpU7rE~av. 4. 4. ,.,eudo-Eralosthenes, Calasl. Jr. xxxii. '!lploov] " 'H' .' 'I''I'Jut/J A. E '" "M't/Jruo~ TOUTOV u.ooo~ IipUatc'I'J~ T'I'J~ lCal IIouf!towvo~ f!lvat, ooOijvat OE aiJTfjI orupf!d,V " "" , , 0at ICa 8'a7rEp E7rt ,\ WUT6 E7rt Truv ICUftaTWV 7r0PEUEU " " .... 0'OVTa OE 0\' \ , X'tov M Ep07r'I'JV ' T"I~ 'Y"I~. E/\ aUTOV Et~ \ 0" Q ' 0 ' 8' , T'l'JV tV07rtruvo~ f-Jtauau at O'IJW EVTa, 'YVOVTa 0' \ 0" ' , , \ " " I , DE TOV .vo7r.ruva ICa. xatcE7rru~ EVE'YICoVTa T'l'JV "Q ' A . ... " , , " " , lif-JptV EICTU'I' ",ruuat aUTov ICa. EIC T"I<; xwpa<; EICj:JaA6;'V' E'7I.OOVTa OE El<; 11. ijj.£VOV aA"IT6VOVTa 'HA. ' " 1 : "0<; aUTOV \ '...' 0'. 'l'a.UTrp uUftft.",a.· EM!'I'Jua<; o.oruUtv '"K~"\' \ aUTOU t " 'OtICE.OV [ ' " J OtICET'l'JV, " • aUTrp 'I'J0a",.ruva TOV 07rru~ '0 " • A Q\ l t "v ' " , 1 , ' o \"I'YP~ ~v a;::wO ~ ~. ;-r..: ";ftw?, E'I'6~~ U'I'Jft~~vHov~a Ta<; ooOU<;. Etc WV 0 E7r' Ta<; avaTOtca<; ICa. A.W 'I! ~ ... , 0.... ' " "\~ uuftft.",a~ OOICEt 1i'Y.au 'lvat ICa. OUTru<; E7r. TOV , "0 eLV "'... ,. " e7rt , 0''11, 0 tV07r.ruva Etc 7ratctV Ttftrup.av aUTrp t t-\ t \... ,,\'" t , ... , I UWV. 0 oE U7rO TruV 7rO",tTruv li7rO 'Y"IV EICEICPU7rTO. , ,,\' t' \ \ " ,..., , ',","\0' U7rE",7r.ua<; OE TlIV EICEWOU ~t}TlIUt/J a7r'>]tc €V E.<; KpI}T"IV ICat 7r6pt Td,~ O~pa~ 0'ij"l6 ICUVlJ'Y6TWV Tij<; •ApTlft'oo~ 7rapovu'>]~ ICat Tij<; A"ITOV<;, ICat oOICe;, a7rEtA~UaUOat ro<; 7raV O'I'Jptov aV€Af!t:v TWV €7r1 Tij<; 'Yij~ 'YtVOftevruv. OUftru8Et:ua OE aVTfjI rij , .. " '0 ',.#,' • ... , aV"IICf! UICOP7r.OV f!l1ftE"IE ,>], €'I' OU Trp ICEVTP'l? , a7rrutceTO. , '... "0 0 \ \ ,"'.' 7r ..."'''I''1e.<; 0 6V ota T'l'JP aUTOU avop.av ,ev TO,<; .." " t l O ' Z \ t "APTEI aUTpOI<; aUTOV E 'l'JICEV 0 6U<; U7rO Orion.]-Hesiod says that he was the son of Em'yale, the daughter of Minos, and of Poseidon, and that there was given him as a gift the power of walking upon the waves as though upon land. When he was come to Chios, he outraged Merope, the daughter of Oenopion, being drunken j but Oenopion when he learned of it was greatly vexed at the outrage and blinded him and cast him out of the country. Then he came to Lemnos as a beggar and there met Hephaestus who took pity on him and gave him Cedalion his own servant to guide him. So Orion took Cedalion upon his shoulders and used to carry him about while he pointed out the. roads. Then he came to the east and appears to have met Helius (the Sun) and to have been healed, and so returned back again to Oenopion to punish him j but Oenopion was hidden away byhis people underground. Being disappointed, then, in his search for the king, Orion went away to Crete and spent his time hunting in company with Artemis and Leto. It seems that he threatened to kill every beast there was on earth; whereupon, in her anger, Earth sent up against him a scorpion of very great size by which he was stung and so perished. After this Zeus, at me prayer of Artemis and Leto, put him among the 70 71 THE PRECEPTS OF CHIRON HESIOD fLt8o~ I€al TaV elJla, A'I)TOV~ a~£w8e£~, OfLO[(»~ I€al p,JI'lJ/J,OUVIIOJl I€al Tf)~ 71'pa~Gwr;. TO 8'1)p£oJl stars, because of his manliness, and the scorpion also as a memorial of him and of what had occurred. 5. 5. ])iodorm iv. 85. 8~ ;[JI£O£ ).,Jryovu£ U€£U p'WJI Tf)~ fLGrya).,wJI 'Y€1I0p,JJlWJI o£appa'Yiilla£ TOll airxJlla " , 'Y€V€U '8 at TOll ' 7TOp8' ~ , p,01l, O£€tP'Y0VU'I)~ " 8 a/\'auu'I)~ " \ "'l)71'€£POIi a71'O " T'I)r; T'I)II T'I)~ lI'1)UOV. '·H U'OOO~ ,~ ." ' ' ' ' " , O€ 0 71'O£'I)T'I)~ 't''I)U£ TOVllalinOli, alla'l)7T€£POV I€a' I A , 71'€7TTap,€1I0V , TO " TO ,.."'\ I TOV 71'€/\'aryov~ "' , 'n , up£Wlia ,.. 7TPOUXwua£ " I T€/\,wptoa "'\ If':' I€€tp,EIIOli , , I , I€aTa T'I)li al€pWT1}p£Oli I€at " IT~'" " TEp,€1I0r; TOV OUEWWliO~ I€aTaUI€€Vauat, np,w- , , fLEliOli V7TO TWII EryXWptWli ~ "" ota't'€pOIlTW~' "., TaVTa OE 3ta7Tpa~ap,EIIOli El~ EIJ(3otali p,ETaliaUTf)uat I€al€E'i " • ,., , 0'1! ' " " , lCaTOtl€'I)uat· o£a OE T'I)li oo~ali Ell TOt~ I€aT ovpalloll - aUTpOt~ lCaTapt eIl-'IJ 8' " '8 ' aJlaTOV EJlTa TVXE£lI a XElpnNO~ , p,JI'I)p''I)~, TITO®HKAI 1. Scholia.t on Pindar, Pyth. vi. 19. EV· liVII p,ETa " p,o£ Ta\ €lCaUTa ~ ' ''t'p€U£ ''' • \ THE PRECEPTS OF CHIRON 1. "AND now, pray, mark all these things well in 71'€vlCa).,tp,'[Iu£ , '" 'y 8a£' 71'PWTOII " ,~ ~, '"" 't'pa~GU P,€li, OT ' . all 00p,01l €£Ua't'tlC'I)at, ,~, Some say that great earthquakes occurred, which broke through the neck of land and formed the straits,l the sea parting the mainland from the island. But Hesiod, the poet, says just the opposite: that the sea was open, but Orion piled up the promontory by Peloris, and founded the close of Poseidon which is especially esteemed by the people thereabouts. When he had finished this, he went away to Euboea and settled there, and because of his renown was taken into the number of the stars in heaven, and won undying remembrance. . ' 8GOt~ "atlit'Y€VET'[IUtV. ' , a wise heart. First, whenever you come to your house, offer good sacrifices to the eternal gods." €PO€P,€li tEpa I€a"a 2. 2. Plutarch MO'/", 1034 p,'I)8~ ,UIC'I)II , E. 8£lCau'l1~' alCovu'!lr;. 7Tplll <111 ap,cpo'ill p,vOOJl (( Decide no suit until you have heard both sides k" "pea. 1 Th. Strloits of Me••in ... THE CHEAT WOltKS HESIOD 3. 3. Plutarch ck Orac. defoctu ii. 415 o. " J" ,"\, l' ' EVVEa TO£ ,WEt 'YEIJEa~ "aICEpu,a ICOPWII7] ,alJopwlJ • " 'Y'1paVTWV' , "~A-..' , E"a'f'0~ oe Te TETpaICOpWIJO';o ... ('0' ",1.. ", t:' , ~ , Tpet~ 0 EAa'f'0u~ 0 ICopar; 'Y'7paUICETa£' aUTap 0 .pOtVt~ , I ~/,I.. " , 't" " .... elJlJEa f'EV ICopaICa~, o€ICa 'f'otlJ£ICa~ oe TO£ '1f'Et~ N Uf'cpat tdnr A.OICaf'0t, ICoupat t!1tO~ al'Y£oX0to. " A chattering crow lives out nine generations of aged men, but a stag's life is four times a crow's, and a raven's life makes three stags old, while the phoenix outlives nine ravens, but we, the rich-haired Nymphs, daughters of Zeus the aegis-holder, outlive ten phoenixes." 4. 4. Quintilian, i. l. 15. Quidam litteris instituendos, qui minores septem annis essent, non putaverunt ... in qua sententia Hesiodum esse plurimi tradunt, qui ante Grammaticum Aristophanem fuerunt, nam is primus 'T7roeriICa~, in quo libro scriptum hoc invenitur, negavit esse huius poetas. Some consider that children under the age of seven should not receive a literary education . . . That Hesiod waS of this opinion very many writers affirm who were earlier than the critic Aristophanes ; for he was the first to reject the Precepts, in which book this maxim occurs, as a work of that poet. THE GREAT WORKS MErAAA EPrA 1. Comm. on Aristoele, Nicomachean Ethics. v. 8. " f'€IJTOt e7ro~ " (TO ' TOU"'Po ' 8uo~ ) "eun 7rap, TO aoaf'alJ 'R ' • EV , . Utoorp , "M €'Ya"o£~ '~"EP'YO£~ OUTW~ • " EXOIJ' I " t " ' " n~ O"7rEtpat, ICaICa ICEpOEa IC af''1O"EtEV' TOt~ I Et ICaICI!- 1:.' , " 'YEIJOtTO. I E,• ICE 7ra'8 Ot Ta" T" EPESE, otIC'7 IC t'8 E£a 2. Proclu8 on lIesiod, Works and Days, 126. 2. TO ap'YupeolJ €vtot TV 'YV aICououO"£ A.~'YOIJTE~ iin ev 'TO'~ ME'YaA.Ot~ "EP"Io,~ .,;;, ap,,/uptoJl 'Ti7~ "/i7~ 'Y€JI€a.A.OOYE'i. 8e 74 l. THE verse, however (the saying of Rhadamanthys), is in Hesiod in the Great "Vorks and is as follows: " If a man sow evil, he shall reap evil increase; if men do to him as he has done, it will be true justice. " Some beHeve that the Silver Race (is to be attributed to) the earth, declaring that in the Great Works Besiod makes silver to "oe of th~ family of Earth. HESIOD I~AIOI ~AKTTAOI Pliny, Natural History vii. 56, 197 .•.. Ferrum conflare et temperare Hesiodus in Creta eos (monstrasse) qui vocati Bunt Dactyli Idaei. Clement, Stromateis i. 16. 7 5. KJA,"'£~ T6 av ICa' ~a"'Va"'6V€V~, ot TWV 'Il3a[Olv ~a"TVA,OlV " ,~ • , K'V7rP'l', u€",a~ A " 0' a",,,,o~ "" 7r POlTO£, (]"£D'1POV 6VP011 €V De 'I~ " • , " "pauw, " . DE ~\ 'f1 UWDO~. ' 0 Da£o~ 6Vp6 Xa",,,OV C THE IDAEAN DACTYLS THE IDAEAN DACTYLS HESIOD says that those who are called the Idaean Dactyls taught the smelting and tempering of iron in Crete. Celmis, again, and Damnameneus, the first of the Idaean Dactyls, discovered iron in Cyprus; but bronze-smelting was discovered by Delas, another ldaean, though Hesiod calls him Scythes. l 1 Or perhaps " .. Scythian." 17 THE THEOGONY OF HESIOD H:II060Y 8EOrONIA ' . apxwf1-€ ' , 8" ' 'EA.tKWVtaoWv M ov(]'awv at"8' 'E A.tKWVO~ ,., I II " I exov(]'w O(JO~ f1-€'Ya 'T€ f \ ~I , , '( '. Y'8 ' ~a €OV a€to€w, "\ 'T6 .... Kat 'T€ 7r€pt KPT)VT)V to€to€a 7rO(]'(], a7ra",Ot(]'tV ,,., '/:)" 8' KPOVtWVO,. ' 0pYEVV'Tat Kat fJWf.10V €pt(]' €V€O, ')" I I II , Kat 'T€ A.o€(]'(]'af1-€vat 'T€p€va xpoa " €Pf1-T)(]'(]'otO • "I 7r7rOV KPT)VT), , .T) '0'""'f1-€toV" ~a )' 8'€otO ,aKpO'Ta'Tff' "E.... " , A-tKWVt XopOV~ €V€7rotT)(]'av'TO T) , ( ' KaA.OV~, tf1-€pO€V'Ta~' " I €V 8 €V ' a7ropvvf1-€vat, (],'T€~XOV €vvuXtat , 7r€ptKaA.A.€a 8(]'(]'av , , Xpv(],€Ot(],' ,,' , "\ I " ,,\,'" K€Ka"'Vf1-f1-€vat 'J€pt 7r0",,,,,[J, , " A'ta 'T , at'Ywxov , , V f1-v€v(]'at 'A ' P'Y€i'rJv, t'o\ I €7r€ppw(]'av'TO O€ 7rO(],(],W. i€~(]'at, \' Ka. 7rO'Tvtav tlH .,.,.' a a " 7r€ot",Ot~ €f1-fJ€fJaVtav, A', " KOVP'W 'T at'YtoYoto uto~ 'Y",aVKW7rW 10 PT)V 'A8'T)V'Y/V .... 'a' 'T"A7roA.",Wva (-", " ~OtfJOV Ka.'VAp'T€f1-W tox€atpav II o(]'€toawva •, , , , atoV , 'Y€'10Xov, €VVO(]'t'Y " ' . " , a,',J.. , 0' Kat ®€f1-tV aWOt'Y/v €!\'tKOfJ"€",apOV 'T, 'A,J.. ",poot'TT)V '0' "l0€ " Hf3"lV 'T€ XPv(]'o(],'T€rpavov KaA.~V 'T€ AUi>VT)lJ ' 'T€ toe 'Ii:" K' , Kv "\",0f.1"l'T'Y/v A'Y/'TW, 'T"I a7r€'TOV povov a'Y 'He, T' 'H€A.t6v T€ f1-€'Yav A.aimpav 'T€ "2.€A.~V'1V I ,. T r atav I " a. 'I' vv , 'n ' 'T€ f1-E'Yav I uK€aVOV Kat\ N'VK'Ta " f1-€",atvav "a 8 ' r, 'Y€VO~ I "" ava'TWV I€POV at€V €OV'TWV. 7r0 8' 'H (],tOuoV ' • Ka/~"lV .,.' eutoa.av '.'. t aotu"lV, '. , aA.A.WV T 15 FROM the H!:Jl~()nian M:u§e~ let us begin to sing, who hold the great and holy mount of Helicon, and dance on soft feet about the deep-blue spring and the altar of the almighty son of Cronos, and, when they have washed their tender bodies in Permessus ~r in the Horse's Spring or Olmeius, make their fair, lovely dances upon highest Helicon and move with vigorous feet. Thence they arise and go abroad by uight, veiled in thick mist, and utter their song with lovely voice, praising Zeus the aegis-holder and queenly Hera of Argos who walks on golden sandals and the daughter of Zeus the aegis-holder brighteyed Athene, and Phoebus Apollo, and Artemis who delights in arrows, and Poseidon the earth-holder who shakes the earth, and reverend Themis and quickglancing l Aphrodite, and Hebe with the crown of gold, and fair Dione, Leto, Iapetus, and Cronos the crafty counsellor, Eos and great Helius and bright Selene, Earth too, and great Oceanus, and dark Night, and the holy race of all the other deathless ones that are for ever. And one day they taught Hesiod glorious song while he was shepherding his lambs under holy I The epithet probably indioates ooquettishness. 79 HESIOD • THEOGONY '",,,'WVOt; V'TrO "0' ~a eOlO, 'e·'E""· apvat; 'Tro£p.alvov , ~ Tovoe ~, De p.e , 0 "P.V0 'TrpWntTTa eat " 7Tpor; ov ' e€£'TrOIl, " '0"",vp.7T£aoer;, '. /Covpa£ " A' , , M oVCTa£ ,-,,£or; avy£OXo£o' ' • , , " h ' ,. II otp.€vet; a"fpav",o£, /Ca/C e/\,E'YXEa, 'YatTTEper; OIOV, rop.ev teJ50ea 'TroXXa Xe'YEw hJ5p.ottT£v OfLOra, .,.. ~'·"O '" '" 0'ea 'Y"1pvtTatT at, top.ev 0 , eVT € E"'Wp£V, a","1 'e "11 r; "A. ... ,,'\. A" I E'f'atTaV /Covpa£ P£'Ya",OV ,-,,£or; apn€7rEtat' /Cat 1'0£ tT/CPj7rTpOV loov Oc£rpV"1<; ep£e"1XEOr; (J~OV . '.'. OpE't' atTa£, ' ,,"\ ' 0ECT7rW, tVa /C",e£Otp.£ Ka£I 30 e"1"1TOV' ' EVe7TVeVtTaV " .1'0£ ' ,av0"1v .' De TaI T' "€tTCTop.€Va 7TpO, T '" EOVTa, " 0' vp.vew p.a/Capwv I , '\:J , I' " €/cE",OV 'fevor; a£€v tOVTWV, f... ,1.."" G"'I'ar; ~, 0 '\ ... , .". \ ff ,,~ " aVTar; 7TPWTOV 'Te /Ca. VCT'Ta'TOV a£€v ae£oew, ,,,.,,, ,. " \ \' Helicon, and this word lirst the goddesses said to me-the Muses of Olympus, daughters of Zeus who holds the aegis: " Shepherds of the wilderness, wretched things of shame, mere bellies, we know how to speak many false things as though they were true; but we know, when we will, to utter true things." So said the ready-voiced daughters of great Zeus, and they plucked and gave me a rod, a shoot of sturdy laurel, a marvellous thing, and breathed into me a divine voice to celebrate things that shall be and things that were aforetime; and they bade me sing of the race of the blessed gods that' are eternally, but ever to sing of themselves both first and last. But why all this about oak or stone? 1 a",,,,a T£ "1 P.OI TaVTa 'TrEp' opVV "1 'TrEp' 'Tre'T p'T}V; TJ5V'1], MovtTawv apxwp.eea, Ta~ A£t 'Tra'Tp~ f , . .'TEP7rOVtT£ ' " , , '0'" vp.vevtTat jLe'Yav VOOV €V'TOr; "'VjL7rOV, ,... " " e£pevtTa£ 'Ta" 'T EOV'Ta 'Ta"T " EtTtT0jLeva 'TrpO, 'T, €OVTa, ,I... .. f .. ... 'f'WVY ojL"1peVtTat' 'TWV , e/C ,,~ " 't-" 0 ." I t ' CTTojLaTWV "1oela' 'YEMf DE 'Te "EP£'Y0ov7TOtO ·, Z~"1VOt; , t'\ a/Cap.a'Tor; pEGt avo1J "~, , oWjLa'Ta ~ e""'" l eav 07T£ ",etptOEtTCT'[I ~ , ' " De ~" /Cap1J V''f'0€VTOr; ,/, , G"/clovajLEvv' 1JXe£ , 'Tra'Tpor; '0"",VjL7TOV ' 40 / \\ ~, ajLf-JpoToV " tJ " oWjtaTa 'T a 0 avaTWV, a." otTtTav tEltTa. " , '. " " ,,' , ~" 0ewv 'Yevor; awolov 'TrpW'TOV /C",etoVtTtv ao£o'[l 't" ... .\ r" , evpvr; " " 46 E~ apX"1t;, our; ala /Ca.\ 0' vpavor; en/cTelJ, to I f '" e' e" , • '.' ,apxof.J,fiVa£ , 'e" vp.veVCTI . . /Cal, €/C"'1J'YOVtTai , "\ ' 1 ... ... " t' ,.. " O.! ' fT" e/C TWV €'Y€VOVTO eOl" oWT"1pEr; Eawv, • ' • .'Z" oGV'TepOV aVTe "1va, ewv TraTEp 1Joe /Ca£"~" avopwv, I Lndwicla: ....I A1r.,o.,..i .,.', M8S. 80 ' ~ ... ao.o1Jr;, Corne thou, let us begin with the Muses who gladden the great spirit of their father Zeus in Olympus with their songs, telling of things that are and that shall be and that were aforetill1e with consenting voice. Unwearjing flows the sweet sound from their lips, and the house of their father Zeus the loud-thunderer is glad at the lily-like voice of the goddesses as it spreads abroad, and the peaks of snowy Olympus resound, and the homes of the immortals. And they uttering their immortal voice, celebrate in song first of all the reverend race of the gods from the beginning, those whom Earth and wide Heaven begot, and the gods sprung of these, givers of good things.. Then, next, the goddesses sing of Zeus, the father of gods and men, as they begin and end their strain, how much he is the most excellent among the 1 A proverbi,,1 saying meaning, .. why enlarge on irrele· vont topica !" 81 THEOGONY HESIOD ()ITUOV tp€PTaTO~ f.lTn (}EWV KpaTd Te p,erytITTor;. avn~ av(}pwrroov TE ry€VO~ KpaT€pWV T€ rtryaVTOOV 50 ( ,... , A \ , , , '0'"I\.up,rrov lJ p,v€vlTat TEprrOVlTt uto~ voov EVTO~ MovlTat 'OAVp,rrtaO€~, Kovpat t:"tO~ alrytoxoro. Tas IIt€p£'[} Kpov£o'[} T€KE rraTpl p,vy€tlTa MV"IP,OITVV"I, ryOVVO£lTtv 'EA€v(}~pO~ p,€O€oulTa, / ,..." I , 55 A'1ITp,OITVV"lV T€ KaKOOV ap,7ravp,a TE p,EpP,"Ipaoov. " ' f l " ' Z ' EVvea "lap Ot VVKTO~ ep,tlTry€TO P,"In€Ta €V~ '~ tV a7r "'(} I f \ "\., , (3' VOlT a avaTOOV t€POV I\.€xor; EtlTava atvoov' , d t:-' ( J , 'JI \ ~, " .,. aAA OT€ 0"1 P €VtaVTO~ €'1v, rr€p. 0 €TparrOV oopat "( ' ''''''''''(} p'''Ivoov tp } tvoVTOOV, 7r€pt,~,,, 0 '1p,aTa 7rOI\.I\. €T€",€IT "1, c.\~')' '" , f fA. 'I' t'.l 60 "1 0 €T€K €Vv€a Kovpar; op,o,/,pova~, '[IlTtv aoto"1 p,ep,(3AETat €V ITT,](}€lTlTtV, aK'10ea (}vp,OV €'VOVlTatr;, ' a7r , , a/cpOTaT'1~ " "'" Vt,/,OEVTO<; '" ' '~O"",vp,' TUT (} OV /Copv,/,'1<; rrov. ~v(}a ITtptV Atrrapo£ T€ Xopo£ /Cat owp,aTa /CaAa. o' ev a 0' ,aVT'[}.~ X"~Pt~~\T~ \ tIl ' " " /Cat, P,Efo~ ot/C~ "Exovaw 65 €V aAtrJ<;' €paT"IV OE ota ITTOp,a olTcrav t€tlTat " , '''(} ~, p,eA7rOVTat rraVTOOV T€ vop,ov~ /Cat 1] Ea KEova " lOVlTtv, €7r1]paTov " " f ... a'(}' avaTOOV /CI\.€ ocrlTav t€tlTat. ~ " " \ "0"\ ',,\ "\. ' ' \ /Ca",'[}, "\. ... at TOT tcrav rrpo<; ",up,rrov arya/\,,,,op,Evat 07rt '(3pOlTtrJ , p,O"'7r'[}' ,," 7r€pt\ 0", taX€ " " ,p,€"atva , a.p, "lata r " , 't" ~ .. ~ t'... , I 70 Vp,VEVlTatr;, epaTO<; oE 7rOOOOV V7rO oovrro<; OpOOpEt , ,,'d 6t'" ""(3 ,,' VtcrcrOp,EVOOV rraTEp IU, OV' 0 ovpavrp Ep, alTtl\.€VEt, , ' "exoov (3pOVT"IV "~"(} " ' , a VTor; "10 at al\.OEVTa K€pa VVOV' I ,., I K I " t-\ rf /CapTEt VtK"Icrar; rraTEpa POVOV' EV OE €KaITTa " a(}avaTot~ OdTa~EV op,wr; "at €7retppaOE np,ar;, ",,, ,," '0"",vp,7rta I ~ , , apa M" oVlTat aEWOV, ooop,aT T aUT 75 ~xovcrat, €v,,€a (}uryaTepE<; p,EryaAov 6.to~ €Kry€ryau'iat, KAEUd T' EiJ'Tep7r1] Til (8)aAEtlt TE MEA7rOP,€""1 T€ , T , 'EpaT(AJI Til II o",vp,v£a '\ I " I TEp'll'£xop"l T 0' upavt'1 TIl 7r p(} J,.. ° 82 gods and supreme in power. And again, they chant the race of men and strong giants, and gladden the heart of Zeus within Olympus,-the Olympian Muses, daughters of Zeus the aegis-holder. Them in Pieria did M!l~mosyne (Memory), who reigns over the hills of Eleuther, bear of union with the father, the son of Cronos, a forgetting of ills and a rest from sorrow. For nine nights did wise Zeus lie Wilth her, entering her holy bed remote from the immortals. And when a year was passed and the seasons came round as the months waned, and many days were accomplished, she bare nine daughters, all of one mind, whose hearts are set upon song and their spirit free from care, a little way from the topmost peak of snowy Olympus. There are their bright dancing-places and beautiful homes, and beside them the Graces and Himerus (Desire) live in delight. And they, uttering through their lips a lovely voice, sing the laws of all and the goodly ways of the immortals, uttering their lovely voice. Then went they to Olympus, delighting in their sweet voice, with heavenly song, and the dark earth resounded about them as they chanted. and a lovely sound rose up beneath their feet as they went to their father. And he was reigning in heaven, himself holding the lightning and glowing thunderbolt, when he had overcome by might his father Cronos; and he distributed fairly to the immortals their portions and declared their privileges. These things, then, the Muses sang who dwell on Olympus, nine daughters begotten by great Zeus, Cleio and Euterpe, Thaleia, Melpomene and Terpsichore, and Erato and Polyhymnia and Urania 83 THEOGONY HESIOD ,,' 0" • K a",,,,t07ITJ 'Yap ~ ~\ A, " \, , 'f} O€ 7rP0't'€p€ iJp: 80 " , A \" " OV Tlva Tt/-L'f} , , \ '\., Tlt' /-L€V €7rt ,., !:',,, " , \ I " 'Y"W '8' ° t" • t" , A, , ' , , t €t'[l Q '" 1 I€aT€' . , " OUV€I€a "aot~ [3A,a7rTo/-L€VOI~ u'Y0pii¢t /-L€TlLTp07ra ep'Ya T€A,EV "A, ~a " \ , ~\ 90 , , aloOI /-LEt"IXt[l, /-L€Ta O€ 7rP€7r€1 a'Yp0/-L€VOI , 'Yap , TOt 1\,1 ' \, Q', 'A 7rO"'''WVO~ '" €I€ !V oU oe ""\, 1'" t"~' , 'PtA,WVTat' 'Y"UK€P'f} at a7rO I \ '8" 7rEV o~ €XWV ~I 0 U/-Llt'" €t 'Yap Tl~ I€at V€Ol€'f}O€t )/y ~" / , \ , C:-' a,,'f}Tal /Cpaot'f}V a/CaXT)/-L€VO~, aUTap aotoo~ Mov t / I , 0 ' t\ "0'"U/-L7rOV €XOU , /-L€/-LV'f}Tat' ' X atp€T€, 't'\, TaXEW~ t'" oE 7rap€Tpa7rE owpa 0' €awv. , A'~' "" T€I€Va '-"lO~, DOTE 0~'"1/-L€pOE Themistiu8, StobaeuB: or ICT/~c.,)(Tl or brtBwcn, ~ISS. • A: TE, MSS. • A and Scholitt.ts: &v« ~O'TU, MSS. • N a.uck: KAt''', MSS. • A: .r.. 'Tt, MSS. 1 8,. l 100 and Calliope,l who is the chiefest of them all, for she attends on worshipful princes: whomsoever of heaven-nourished prin<:es the daughters of great Zeus honour, and behold him at his birth, they pour sweet dew upon his tongue, and from his lips flow gracious words. All the people look towards him while he settles causes with true judgements: and he, speaking surely, would soon make wise end even of a great quarrel; for therefore are there princes wise in heart, because when the people are being misguided in their assembly, they set right the matter again with ease, persuading them with gentle words. And when he passes through a gathering, they greet him as a god with gentle reverence, and he is conspicuous amongst the assembled: such is the holy gift of the Muses to men. For it is through the Muses and far-shooting Apollo that there are singers and harpers upon the earth; but princes are of Zeus, and happy is he whom the Muses love: sweet flows speech from his mouth. For though a man have sorrow and grief in his newly-troubled soul and live in dread because his heart is distressed, yet, when a singer, the servant of the Muses, chants the glorious deeds of men of old and the blessed gods who inhabit Olympus, at once he forgets his heaviness and remembers not his sorrows at all; but the gifts of the goddesses soon turn him away from these. Hail, children of Zeus! Grant lovely song and • .. Sloe of the noble voice": Calliope i. queen of Epic poetry. THEOGONY HESIOD , t'o"8 I f , ,~" I /cA€£€T€ 0 a avaTOlV IEPOV 'YEVOr; alEV EOVTroV, lOti " aUTEpO€lITOr;, , oi 'Y)~ T E,,€'YEVOVTO /Cat 0' upallou ~ ~ , "8' a"'flufor; ,"\ \ €TpE't'E ,I .J. II' ' lNUKTor; TE OV0't'Ep'Y)r;, our; OVTOr;. Ef7TaTE 0', ciJ~ Ta 7rpWTa 8Eot Kat 'Ya'ia 'Y€I'OVTO \ I " ,,~ 8' ':C!.I\ 7roTaflo£,Kat 7TOVTOr; a7TElpITOr;, OiOp,an UIOlV, 1 II ' ' \ " rI 8EV 11 0 aUTpa T€ "\",afl7rETOOlllTa Kat\oupavor; Eu,?ur; U7TEp ot T €K TOlV E'Y€VOVTO e'~" eot, OOlT'Y)p€r; €awv 2] ;tr; T' I1cpEvo<; oauuaVTo Kat w<; 'TtfLlir; O£€AOVTO \ r' "/: ' \ [ """" , ~\ 'IDE \ \, ' "\ , " Kat Ol<; Ta 7TpWTa 7rO",U7TTUXOV €UXOV "OAUfl7rOV. TaVTa fLOt i!u7T€T€ Movual, 'O)..Vfl7rta OOOfLaT' 6, 'H " €xouuat . 'f!' 1"1 " 8',0rI Tt 7TPWTOV ... f', "" apx'Y)<;, Ka.' \el7ra 'Y€V€T aUTOlV. 11 5 ' , X I It"" TOI fLEV 7rpW'TtUTa aor; 'YEVET, aUTap €7r€ITa 0' , , ' · 0 ' .J. , \ , \ al €UPUUTEpvor;, 7raVTOlV eoor; aU't'a,,€r; alEt [a8avaTWV, ot iixouUt Kap'Y) VICPO€VTO<; '0)..UfL7rOU,8] I" I ... 8 \ , ~, ' T 1]epoevTa fLUX'!:' X Ollor; evPUOO€t1]<;, T apTapa ,~, "E,por;, .. " , "a8 ' 8€OtUI, 120 1]0 or; Ka"",IUTor; €V avaTolut , ' , ~\ 8" , , , 8 ' )..uUtfL€"'1]<;, 7raVTWV o€ €rov 7raVTOJlI T av PW7rOJV oafLVaTa£ EV CT'T1j8€uut VOOV Kat €7T[cppova {JOU)..!W. €K Xaeor; 0' "Eo€{Jor; TE fL€AalVa TE N v~ €'Y€VOVTO' ' 0..'aUT . IA'8' '/: ' I 1]P Te Kat"H' fLEp1] €<;€'Y€VOVTO, N UKTOr; . . ' " E 'Q .J.' I " 125 our; TEK€ KUCTafL€v1] P€tJEI 't'1"'OT'Y)'TI fLt'Y€tua. ~ '4 ala DE TOI 7rPOJTOV fLEV €'YElVaTO tUOV €aUTV , " aUTepO€V '8', '"I£va fLtV 7rept\7TaVTa ' " Ifa",u0 upavov r 0 r '.' " '" . Rzach (cf. 1. 131) : 9(,.,,,, MSS. • Omit,ted by A, Theophilus, Hippolytul. • TheophiluB, Hippolytus, and all MSS. Plato, Aristotle and others do not know the line, which is clearly spuriowo• MSS. : lCd.Tj, A. Theophilus. 1 11& celebrate the holy race of the deathless gods who are for ever, those that were born of Earth and starry Heaven and gloomy Night and them that briny Sea did rear. Tell how at the first gods and earth came to be, and rivers, and the boundless sea with its raging swell, and the gleaming stars, and the wide heaven above, and the gods who were born of them, givers of good things, and how they divided their wealth, and how they shared their honours amongst them, and also how at the first they took manyfolded Olympus. These things declare to me from the beginning, ye Muses who dwell in the house of Olympus, and tell me which of them first came to be. Verily at the first CQi\PS came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth, the ever-sure foundation of all 1 the deathless ones who hold the peaks of snowy Olympus, and dim Tartarns in the depth of the widepathed Earth, and Eros (Love), fairest among the deathless gods, who unnerves the limbs and overcomes the mind and wise counsels of all gods and all men within them. From Chaos came forth Erebus and black Night; but of Night were born Aether 2 and Day, whom she conceived and bare from union in love with Erebus. And Earth first bare starry Heaven, equal to herself, to cover her on every 1 Earth, in the cosmology of Hesiod, is "disk surrounded by the river Oceanus and floating upon a waste of waters. It i. called the foundation of all (the qualification" the deathless one8 ... " etc. is an interpolation), because not only trees, men, and animals, but even the hills and seas (II. 129, 131) are supported by it. S Aether is the bright, nntainted upper atmosphere, as diBtinguished from Aer, the lower atmo~phere of tho earth. 87 HESIOD THEOGONY "A, , • , 8 ""·' ~ " ,l 0'f'P et'r/ p,aICapelTUt €Ot~ eoo~ aU'f'a"e~ au , , o· 0 " , 0 ,.. , " 'letvaTO 0 vp€a fJ-aICpa, ewv xapLeVTa~ €lJaVAOV~, A.' ' "" N vp,'f'€WV, at. \ vawvutIJ av ovpea r;UUY}€lJTa, 130 1, OE ICat aTpV'lETOV 7r€Aa'lO~ T€ICEV, orop,an OVtuv, l , " .+." 'rJ,.' , \ )1 II OVTOV, aTep 'f'tl\,oTr;TO~ E'f'tp,EpOV' aVTap €7r€tTa 0 vpavrp ' "EVV'I ' 0" , , 'n .' EtUa TEIC . /3 ' '/3 1 p,r;T'1)~, • 1 oe£VOTaTO~ '0 7raLOWIJ' re[vaTo 0' au 8 " .0' r;x " 0r;pe al\,Epov KVICAW7Ta~ Tor "}a. V7rep/3wv ~TOp " ExoVTa~, °'/3 1 1 Te "" ~Tep07T'1)V 7€ ICat'''Apry'1)V p'p,O8up,ov, 140 Ot"Z'1)Vt POV71]V Te oouav Tev,av T€. ICepauvol/, • 1 ", , " Eval\.LryICto£ , ,I • 2 Ot., 0'1) TOL Ta" p,ev al\.l\.a 0 €O£~ '1)rrav, ,.. ~" rl..O' \ I , I I p,ovvo~ 0 0'f' al\,p,o~ p'EUUrp EVEICE£TO p'ETW7Trp. <;0 " d' " ' '" K UIC"'W7TE~ 0!:-"" ovop, '1)uav €7rWVUp,OV, OVVEIC apa 1 BpOVTr;V '/3 lTCP~(r)V ' .' " "~8'" ICUIC"'OT€pr;~ 0'f' a",p,o~ , LUXV~ "/:' " ~ eEL~ EVEICELTO , , p'ETW7rrp' /3"L'1) ICat p,'1)xava£\ '1)uav " "7T 1'"epryot~. 0 '1)OE "A"" - 0.' av• r aL'1)~ ' TE ICat, 0'vpavov" Es ' /Ery€JJOI1TO :' ,~, ,~\ 145 1\.1",,£ TpeZ~ 7ra'ioE~ p,€ryaAo£ T€ ICat IJ/3PLp,O£, OUIC ovop,aUTo£, K6TTO~ T€ Bpuip€w~ T€ rV'1)~ 0', v7rep,icpava T€ICva . .... t' \ \ ,.. " " " TWV €ICaTOV p,€JJ xetp€~ a7r wfJ-wv aLirUOVTO, 150 " ,. ~ ,. '.' , 1 , a7r"aUTO£, ICE'f'a"at oE elCauTrp 7r€VT'1)ICovTa 't wp,wv " ".+. " ES e7rE'f'vICOV e7rL rrn apOtUL fJ-EI\,EUUtIJ' /3 " ',. A: 9liov, MSS. • In place of this line Crates read- 1 at a;' gg E~ &'9a.",&'.,.",,, 8v77,-ol rpdcpev a&6~E".ru. side, and to be an eVer-sure abiding-place for the blessed gods. And she brought forth long Hills, graceful haunts of the goddess-Nymphs who dwell amongst the glens of the hills. She bare also the fruitless deep with his raging swell, Pontus, without sweet union of love. But afterwards she lay with Heaven and bare deep-swirling Oceanus, Coeus and Crius and Hyperion and Iapetus, Theia and Rhea.. Themis and Muemosyne and gold-crowned Phoebe and lovely Tethys. After them was born Cronos the wily, youngest and most terrible of her childreu, and he hated his lusty sire. And again, she bare the Cyclopes, overbearing in spirit, Brontes, and Steropes and stubborn-hearted Arges,1 who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt: in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their foreheads. And they were surnamed Cyclopes (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works. Aud again, three other sons were born of Earth and Heaven, great and doughty beyond telling, Cottus and Briareos and Gyes, presumptuous children. From their shoulders sprang an hundred arms, not to be approached, and each had fifty heads upon his shoulders on their strong limbs, and 1 Brontee is the Thunderer; Steropes, tho Lightener: ILnd Arges, the Vivid One. 89 THEOGONY HESIOD ,~. , ~ , ' " t ~~ \ HTXUr; 0 a7r"'1]TO~ "paTl;p1] fLeya",,!, e7r. ewet, "'f:' oUUOt ryap a~1]~ 'Te "at 0'upavov es€ryevovTo, ~, '~-I.'~' " "t 155 oeWOTaTOt 7ratooov, U-rET€P(" 0 "IX BOI1TO TOIC"I E~ apxi}~' led TWV fL~v 07r00~ T£~ 7rpWTa ry€VOtTO, ",/...' '" 7I"aVTa~ a7l"O"pU7rTaUICe, ICa~ e~ -rao~ OUIC av~eu"e, rat1]~ EV ICevBfLwVt, ICaICq, 0' E7I"eT€p7l"ETO epryrp ' , '!"I.~'" 0 eVTO~ UTOVaX,,€TO ala 7r€"'OOP1] O upavo~. 1:',' ~\ " '...I. I uTetv0fL€IJ'YJ' OO"~'YJV oe ICaIC'YJv T e-rpauuaTO 'T€XV1]V. 160 ~" 7I"otrJUaua ry€IJO~ , 7I"O",£OV ' " aoafLavTo~ '.' al'.r. 'f' a oe "I: fLErya ' ~, '-I.. 7I"atu,'-I.', T€v.e OpE7raVOV "a~" e7l"6(,paoE -r~"oIUtV' ei7l"E o~ Bapuvvovua, ¢t~ov 'TeT£'YJfL€v'YJ ryTOp' efLo~ aTau a"ov, at~, " IT ato€~ "· ' " ICa' 7raTpO~ "B " • 'r ' , ,,, r" , ' I E8eM]T€ 165 7rd8eu8al, 7raTpO~ ICe ICaIC~v T£uatfLEBa ~wfJ'YJV r' , \' /. I " IJfLerepou' 7rpOTEpO~ ryap aEtICea fL1]uaTo eprya. -I.' ,.' " , '" ~, ,~, ~ '1'a1"o' .TOU~ 0 apa 7raVTa~ ~",ev oeo~, 0"0. t " Tt~ a u1"oov ¢B€"t~aTo. 8apu';ua~ Be IkeryM Kpovo~ aryICv~o- "n , fL1]T1]~ a+ aim~ fLvBo'Ut 7I"pou'T)voa fL'YJT€pa "eov';v' '" " ,." ]'vI 'YJTep, E"too ICev TOV1"O ry f , V7rOUXOfL€VO~ "\ , Te"e- 170 uatfLl ,\ ' t' , , ,"'\ '1" ep"t0v, e7rel 7I"aTpO~ rye ouuoovvfLoV OVIC a"ery~,ro f' , \.'" " "Ifl-€'T€POV' 7I"pOT€pO~ ryap ae~ICea fL1]UaTo €prya. "n~ .paTO· ryri81]uev OE fLerya .ppeul rata 7f€~WPllc .~, . aua r,' ' "8'YJ"e oe ~, , elue OE fLtv "pV'f' ",oxrp' Eve XePUlV fip 7r'YJ v "apx a pooov1"a' oo~ov 0' u7rE8';ICaTo 7I"aVTa. 175 'H ~8€ OE ~, , ,e7l"aryoov ,' ' 0 vpav()~, ' , afL-r' t -I.' irresistible was the stubborn strength that was in their great forms. For of all the children that were born of Earth and Heaven, these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father from the first. And he used to hide them all away in a secret place of Earth so soon as each was born, and would not suffer them to come up into the light: and Heaven rejoiced in his evil doing. But vast Earth groaned within, being straitened, and she thought a crafty and an evil wile. Forthwith she made the element of grey flint and shaped a great sickle, and told her plan to her dear sons. And she spoke, cheering them, while she was vexed in her dear heart: "My children, gotten of a sinful father, if you will obey me, we should punish the vile outrage of your father; for he first thought of doing shameful things." So she said; but fear seized them all, and none of them uttered a word. But great Cronos the wily took courage and answered his dear mother: "Mother, I will undertake to do this deed, for I reverence not our father of evil name, for he first thought of doing shameful things." So he said: and vast Earth rejoiced greatly in spirit, and set and hid him in an ambush, and put in his hands a jagged sickle, and revealed to him the whole plot. And Heaven came, bringmg on night and longing for love, and he Jay about Earth spreading himself full 91 HESroD THEOGONY upon her.l Then the son from his ambush stretched forth his left hand and in his right took the great long sickle with jagged teeth, and swiftly lopped of! his own father's members and cast them away to faE behind him. And not vainly did they fall from his hand; for all the bloody drops that gushed forth Earth received, and as the seasons moved round sh,. bare the strong Erinyes and the great Giants witl gleaming armour, holding long spears in their hand, and the Nymphs whom they call Meliae 2 all over th. boundless earth. And so soon as he had cut of. the members with flint and cast them from the land into the surging sea, they were swept away over the main a long time: and a white foam spread around them from the immortal flesh, and in it there grew a maiden. First she drew neal' holy Cythera, and from there, afterwards, she came to sea-girt Cyprus, and came forth an awful and lovely goddess, and gras, grew up about her beneath her shapely feet. Her gods and men call A phrodite, and the foam-born goddess and rich-crowned Cytherea, because she grew amid the foam, and Cytherea because she reached Cythera, and Cyprogenes because she was born in billowy Cyprus, and Philomrnedes 3 because I The line possibly belong. to another recension: it was rejected by Heyne u.. interrupting the Ben ••• 97 I The myth accounts for the separation of Heaven and Earth. In Egyptian cosmology Nut (the t)ky) i. thrust and held apu.rt from her brother Geb (the Earth) by their father Shu, who corresponds to tbe Greek Atlas. 2 Nymphs of the ash-trees (!"Alal), a. Dryads are nymphs of the oak-trees. Cpo note on Work. and Days,!. 145. I "Member.loving": the title i. perhaps only a perversion of the regular .pIA.!,,,/j'l' (laughter. loving). 93 THEOGONY HESIOD 20; 210 'I:NV N Uq 0 €T€/c€V M'opOV /Cat'IT" ""Jpa "T7TVOV, llTt/cT€ O~ cpuXOV , UTU'YEPOV T€ fl-~Aatvav /Cat (8)avaTov, Te/C€ 0" '0 vetpwv' ' •OeUT€pOV , au• M" Wfl-0V "" a"''YtvoE(J(rav " ' /Cat, '0 t~UV 214 213 oil Ttvt /Cotfl-'lB€'iua BEa Te/cE N v~ €P€(:1EVV~, 1 'Eu7Teploa~ V~ 2 fl-9jAa 7TEP'lV /cAUTOU '!l/Ceavo'io 215 xpvO"ea /CaAa fl-eAOUut cpePOVTa TE oevopea /Cap7rov. /Cat Molpu~ Kat Ki)pa~ €'Y€lVaTO V'lXeo7rolvou<;, K ",w W TE A" " ( :,?OTOtUt 1" uXEUtV TE /Cat"'ATP07TOV, atTE 'Y€tV0fl-€VOtO"t otvouutv €Xetv U'YU , • ." " 'B'ov T€ /CUICOV TE, '" av"pwv , "" Te 8" , E'I'€7T:JUO"tv' 'A-' utT EWV TE 7TapUt (:1aO"ta<; 220 ouoa 71'07'€ A'I'Y0Uut BEat OEtVO£O XOAOto, I " , ,.. t' I ,,, rI I 7TptV 'Y a7rO Trp owwut /Ca/C'lv 07rtV, 0<; Tt'> up.upTrJ' , .' /Cat, N'€fl-EO"tV, 7T'I}fl-U "8 " (:1POTOtO"t, " Tf./cTE o€ V'I}TOtO"t 'I: '" " 0 ' 'A' " N Uq 0/\'0'1)' fl-ETa T'I}V 0 7TaT'rlll '('E/C' , /Cat e', 'e' ~ r "' . ',' , I Schoemann'B order. • Rzach: 94 .r., MSS, she sprang from the members. And with her went Eros, and comely Desire followed her at her birth at the first and as she went into the assembly of the gods. This honour she has from the beginning, and this is the portion allotted to her amongst men and undying gods,-the whisperings of maidens and smiles and deceits with sweet delight and love and graciousness. But these sons whom he begot himself great Heaven used to call Titans (Strainers) in reproach, for he said that they strained and did presumptuously a fearful deed, and that vengeance for it would come afterwards. And Night bare hateful Doom and black Fate and Death, and she bare Sleep and the tribe of Dreams. And again the goddess murky Night, though she lay with none, bare Blame and painful Woe, and the Hesperides who guard the rich, golden apples and the trees bearing fruit beyond glorious Ocean. Also she bare the Destinies and ruthless avenging Fates, Clotho and Lachesis and Atropos,! who give men at their birth both evil and good to have, and they pursue the transgressions of men and of gods: and these goddesses never cease from their dread anger until they punish the sinner with a sore penalty. Also deadly Night bare Nemesis (Indignation) to afflict mortal men, and after her, Deceit and Friendship and hateful Age and hard-hearted Strife. 1 Clotho (the Spinner) is she who spins the thread of man's life; Lachesis (the Disposer of Lots) assigns to each man his destiny; Atropos (She who cannot be turned) i. the " Fury with the abhorred shears." 95 HESJOD THEOGONY Airrlip "Ept'> o"TU"{EP'~ T€KE fLEV IIovov aA"{tvO€VTa A,/O,)V 7"E A£fLbV TE KaL "AA"{Ea OaKpUOEVTa "'CO"fLLVa,> TE Maxa,> T€ OVOU,> T' 'AVOpOKTaO"La'> But ahhorred Strife bare painful Toil and Forgetfulness and Famine and tearful Sorrows, Fightings ,also, Battles, Murders, Manslaughters, Quarrels, Lying Words, Disputes, Lawlessness and Ruin, all of one nature, and Oath who most troubles men upon earth when anyone wilfully swears a false oath, And Sea begat N ereus, the eldest of his children, who is true and lies not: and men call him the Old Man becanse he is trusty and gentle and does not forget the laws of righteousness, but thinks just and kindly thoughts. And yet again he got great Thaumas and proud Phorcys, being mated with Earth, and fair-cheeked Ceto and Eurybia who has a heart of flint within her. And of N ereus and rich-haired Doris, daughter of Ooean the perfect river, were born children,l passing lovely amongst goddesses, Ploto, Eucrante, Sao, and Amphitrite, and Eudora, and Thetis, Galene and Glalice, Cymothoe, Speo, Thoe and lovely Halie, and Pasithea, and Erato, and rosy-armed Eunice, and gracious Melite, and Eulimene, and Agaue, Doto, Proto, Pherusa, and Dynamene; and Nisaea, and Actaea, and Protomedea, Doris, Panopea, and comely Galatea, and lovely Hippothoe, and rosy-armed TE N E{"Ea t€UoJa,> Te Ao"{our; 'AfLrptAAO"{Lar; Te A UO"vofLt'1V T' "AT'1v Te, O"uv,JOsar; aAA,JAVO"tV, 23" "0 p"ov (]'."' ~, ' 0OvtvUr; ' , 0pw' ,or; v'1 7r"EtO"TOV E7rtX av 7rou,> , fI I t " , " 7r'1fLatVEt, OTE "EV TL'> EKWI' €7rWP"OV 0fL0O"O"Tl. ' v~" a't' ". €UVEll~, ' N '1pEa Icat"~ a,,?) Ea "{EwaTo II OVTO,>, (.)1 'r;:< ,\ ,,\' , 7rpEO"/-,UTaTov 7ratowV' aUTap "a"EoUO"t "{EpovTa, rl I '~'O €fLtO"TEWV ' OVVEKa V'1f'EpT'1r; TE Kat' "'17rtor;, OUOE 235 ~'O ,~~'"' '''~,.~ "'1 ETat, a"",a otKata Kat '17rta V'1l'Ea OLOEV' ~ l;:-'1'~' f '"~ if.. , aUTtr; 0 au 'CIaUfLaVTa fLE"{av "at a"{')Vopa "IOPKUV raLY f'tO",,{Of'EVO'> Kat K'1TW "aAAt7rap!lOV t::' I , , '" \ €xouO"av. " ' (.)1 T " aOllfLaVTO, E UPU/-'t'1V €Vt 't'PEO"t'0 UfLOV ' 0.'"€"{EVOVTO fLE,,{'1paTa , ' 0 eawv ' N '1P'1O,> Te"Va 240 7rOVT'P lv aTpu"{€T~JJ "at Awp{OO,~UKOfLo,O, , '.11 "EavotO, • Te"'1EVTO,> , ' • KOVP')\' 7rOTafL0£O, " ~'''A A. ' II ~"WTW' 1T' E,u"paVTr/ Te ... aw T fL't"TPtT'1 Te Evowp'1 Te ®€Tt'> TE faA,JV'1 Te r)"aU"1) TE ' ..,7rE,W '" , Te "", , T"epoeaaa , K UfLo 001) ob01) 0' 'A~"t'l} 245 ' , ' E ' , E" . • , II aat0 E'I} T <paTW Te Kat UVtK1) POOO7r'7XU'> , "1 ~ , , , E' ~, , 'A"{au '1' "at IV. e"tT'I} xapteaaa "at u:"tfLev'I} "at A ' II ' rf..' , A , ,-"WTW TE pWTW TE 'I'Epovaa Te uuvaf'Ev'1 TE ' TE Kat, 'A"Tat1) ' Kat, II PWTOfLEoEta '. N 'l}aat'1 Awpt,> ,"al IIavo7rlua Z "at evedh),> ra)"aTEta 250 7"E e' 'I 7r7rO 0'01) T " epOEaO"a I "at\ , "I 7r7rOVO'1 f f ~, POV07r1)Xu,> Rzach: npW'T~, ~lSS. • Hermann: nay,,,'I, MBa. 1 1 Many of the names which follow express various qualities or aspects of the sea: thus Galene is "Calm," Cymothoe is the" Wave·swift," Pherusa and Dynamene are ,I She who 'peeds (ships)" and" She who h ..s power." 97 THEOGONY HESIOD "" 0'· K V/wOOK'7 ,'7 , " "" , KUflaT €V , ']EPO€W€t7rOVT~JJ 1""1" ' K Vf1-aTO"',]ry{l ~, 7rVOLa~ T€ ,a€WV aV€flWV rJ"VV p€ta 7rP'1;)V€t Ka~ €VrJ"rpVpq) , Af1-cptTp[TrJ, TT " rl-. '0' 'A~",tf1-,]O'l] '''' , ... Vf1-W' T "H' tDV'] T€ €VerT€'f'aVO~ rA-aVKOV0f1-'1 T€ rptA-Of1-f1-€tory~ Ka~ IIovTo7r!Jp€La ' T€ Kat, E"varyop'1 Kat, A aOf1-€O€ta ,~ A '1aryop'1 IIOVA-vvo'1 2 T€ Ka~ AVTOVO'1 Kat AVrJ"uzvaerera ', E vapv'1 255 €paT'], Kat''t~" €tOO~ af1-wf1-0~ ' T€ M €Vt7r7r'l] 260 '~ "" ' I I ' N'1rJ"OO" T E'V7rOf1-7r,] T€ '>:<'€f1-trJ"Too T€ pOVO'1 T6 ')1 , ' ' 0' " A, 7raTpO~ N 'l]f1-€PT']~ €X€t VOOV a'0 avaTOLO. • 'N"'" I 't:' aVTat f1-€V '1P'1O~ af1-vf1-0vo~ €<;;€ry€VOVTO ... " " ,~ ... KOVpat 7r€VT'1KOVTa, af1-vf1-ova €prya Wvtat. ®aVf1-a~ 0' 'DK€aVoto fJaOvpp€iTao OV'YaTpa 265 " , 'H'"'€KTP'rlV' , ~\ 1::" ,.... I "I ptv '1ryary€T '1 0 ooK€taV T€K€V " 0' 'A p7tvta~ ' 'A'" ~'''I"> , 'l]VK0f1-0V~ €"''''oo T HKV7r€T'1V TE, rl () , , ...",.., , at p aV€f1-wv 7rVOV[/rJ"L Kat OtWVOt~ af1- €7rOVTat ooK€tTl~ 7rT€PVry€rJ"rJ"L' f1-€TaxpOVLaL "lap ta",,,,ov. 0PKV£ 0' au K'I]TW rpa{a~ T€K€ icaA-A-L7rapvOV~ 270 , ry€V€T'1~ "~" n ~, EtC 7rO"'La~, Ta~ 0'1] pata~ Ka",€OVrJ"tv a'0' avaTOt, T€ 0'" cOt xaf1-at\" €PXOfl€VOt/", T av 0PW7rOt, rl-. "" , , , ~ ' E ' " II €f1-'f'p'l]OOO T €V7r€7r"OV VVOO T€ KPOK07T€7rl'OV, 0' ," , ~ " 'I"> " opryov~ ,at vaLovert 7r€P,]V K",VTOV HK€aVOLO ,€rJ"xaTtTl"7rpO~ \ N VKTO~, '~I , tE I A.. 7 tV rJ"7r€pto€~ ",tryv'f'WVOt, 2 5 "i.,O€VVOO T' EvpvaA-'I] T€ M€oovrJ"a T€ A,vrypii 7raOovrJ"a. ,.1..' T€ 'f'V'1V T ',Tr'e Kat", af1-a '1 " ' '" , "', 'Yapt€rJ"rJ"a O€f1-a~ Ot'] , ~, , " ~, f , " "\"\ r' r ' !"" "\. ' " 0v'rIT'I],I at,\ 0t" a'0 avaTOt I , , " f1-€V E'I]V Ka,." ary'l]prp, ,"', " " " " ... ,/: K ' at OVO· TTl OE fltTl 7rapE",€saTO vavoxatT'I]~ €.V f1-aA-aKrp A-€tf1-WVt Ka~ I1vO€ertV €laptvotertv. " "',,, "" II €prJ"€V~ \ KE'f'a",'I]V rl-. ~, , '" , 280 T'1~ 0 OTE 01} a7rEOELpOTO}k'l]rJ"€V, A. Bergk: (ae'.w, M88. • Peppmiiller: ITOVAVVO!''1, M88. 1 98 I ' Hippolloe, and Cymodoee who with Cymatolege 1 and Amphitrite easily calms the waves upon the misty sea and the blasts of raging winds, and Cymo, and Elone, and rich-crowned Alimede, and Glauconome, fond of laughter, and Pontoporea, Leagore, Euagore, and Laomedea, and Polynoe, and Autonoe, and Lysianassa, and Euame, lovely of shape and without blemish of form, and Psamathe of charming figure and divine Menippe, Neso, Eupompe, Themisto, Pronoe, and Nemertes 2 who has the nature of her deathless father. These fifty daughters sprang from blameless Nereus, skilled in excellent crafts. And Thaumas wedded Electra the daughter of deep-flowing Ocean, and she bare him swift Iris and the long-haired Harpies, Aello (Storm-swift) and Ocypetes (Swift-flier) who on their swift wings keep pace with the blasts of the winds and the birds; for quick as time they dart along. And again, Ceto bare to Phorcys the fair-cheeked Graiae, sisters grey from their birth: and both deathless gods and men who walk on earth call them Graiae, Pemphredo well-clad, and saffron-robed Enyo, and the Gorgons who dwell beyond glorious Ocean in the frontier land towards Night where are the clear-voiced Hesperides, Sthenno, and Euryale, and Medusa who suffered a woeful fate: she was mortal, but the two were undying and grew not old. With her lay the Dark-haired Ones in a soft meadow amid spring flowers, And when Perseus cut off her I The" Wa.ve-receiver" and the H Wave-stiller." • .. The Unerring" or " Truthful"; cpo 1. 235. • i .•. Poseidon, 99 THEOGONY HESIOD "f} ope X ' I E/C puuawp Te p.e"la~ /CaL'II' "l'Ya(IO~ .. L7r7rO~. ,.. , " .. rl' 'n " , , Trp P.EV e7rWvup.ov '1€V, OT /Ceavou 7rept 7r'1"1a~ I f}' ~ ~, II I " , , rI...' "lEV , 0 0 aop XPUUEtoV exwv p.eTa xeput 'f"'tXYUtlJ. \"a7r07rTap.€VO~ 7rpoXt7rWV 'e I xw, P.EV X 'ova, p.'1TEpa p.ryXwv, II ' Z'~' , ~, , t/cET" €~ a' 8 avaTOU~' '1"O~ 0 €V owp.aut vat€t 285 (3povTryV Te UTep07rryv T€ cpepwv t.tl p.'1no€vn. Xpuuawp 0' €T€/Cev Tpt/CecpaXov r'1puovr,a p.tX8€1, KaAAtpoy /Coupy /cAVTOV 'n/CEaVO£O. \ P.€V ' ' ap ' ' '€swapts€ t I t: /,A'1 t:)' ~H ' TOV pa/CA'1Et'1 o ' 'Trap"~ '. " fJOUUt et"t7rOOE(I(I£ 7r€ptppUTfp €tlJ 'E pu8' ety 200 ijp.aTt TijJ lhE 7r€P /3oD, ijAaU€v eupvp.eTW7rOU, ' 8et~ " "lep'1v otafJa~ • Q' 7rOpOV , 'n /C€avoto " T tpuv "0 p 8ov T€ /cT€tva, ' ' Q ' E' , /Cat fJOU/cOAOV upVTtwva ,.., " I "\. ... 'n " . UTa 8p.rp Ev '1€POEVTt 7r€P')V /C"UTOU /C€aVOto. "H ~, " ,,!, '"\ I"\, " , ~, , , o €T€/C a""o 7r€"WPOV ap.'lxavov, Ouow E·Ot/CO~ 295 8V'1TO£~ tlv8pw7r0£~ OUO' tl8avaTOtUt 8eo£uw, "" ~ A.. "8' ,A.. ' "E XtDvav, " U7r'1£ €V£ "I"a'f"'vprp €t'1V /CpaT€pO'f"'pOV ijp.£uu p.ev vvp.CP1}V €A£/cW7rtCa /CaXAt7rapyov, rI t".,. ,"\. "rl.. t" , '1p.tUU 0 aUT€ 7r€"WPOV O'f"'£V o€tlJOV T€ p.€'lav T€ , ' , 'wp.'1UT'1V ,,...~a 8'€'1<: U7rO 1:"'8 ' aw"ov /C€U €U£ "Iat7}<:. 300 "8 ~'f I , " .It\. f \ , €V a o€ 01 U7reo~ €UTt /CaTw /COl"'!! U7rO 7r€Tpy T'1AOV tl7r' tl8avaTwv Te 8ewv 8V7}TWV T' tlv8p")7rwv" "8'" '"'\. \1::"owp.aTa ValEtlJ. I EV apn 01~~I Oa(IUaVTO 8 eot' /C"UTa ~ 1:" II " 'fA PIP.OLUtV ' "8 • 7} 0 EpUT €W U7rO X 'OVt AU"IP7}\ 'IE XtDva, 'e r/.. \', 71 , a avaTO~ VUP.'f"''1 /Cat a"l7}pao~ '1p.aTa 7raVTa. 305· TV oE Tuq"iova <paut p.t"lryp.wat EV cptAOT7}Tt OEWOV 8' V(3ptUTryv T' I1.vop.ov 8' EAL/cW7r£O£ /CoupV' ., 1:" r " ',J.,.' 7} 0 V7ro/Cvuap.EV7} TE/c€TO /CpaT€pO'f"'pova T€/Cva. "Op8ov P.€V 7rPWTO" /Cvva "Ie[vaTo r'1pUovijt· ' oeUTEpov aVTL~ €Tt/CTev ap.7}xavo,', ou Tt m TaTEtov 310 Kep(3epov WP.1}UTryv, ' A£06W /culla XaA/c€OCPWVOJl, I (' , 100 , . " " 'f heat!, there sprang forth great Chrysaor and the horse Pegasus who is so called because he was born near the springs (pegae) of Ocean; and that other, because he held a golden blade (aor) in his hands. Now Pegasus flew away and left the earth, the mother of flocks, and came to the deathless gods: and he dwells in the house of Zeus and brings to wise Zeus the thunder and lightning. But Chrysaor was joiued in love to Callirrhoe, the daughter of glorious Ocean, and begot three-headed Geryones. Him mighty Heracles slew in sea-girt Erythea by his shambling oxen on that day when he drove the wide-browed oxen to holy Tiryns, and had crossed the ford of Ocean and killed Orthus and Eurytion the herdsman in the dim stead out beyond glorious Ocean. And in a hollow cave she bare another monster, irresistible, in no wise like either to mortal men" or to the undying gods, even the goddess fierce Echidna who is half a nymph with glancing eyes and fair cheeks, and half again a huge snake, great and awful, with speckled skin, eating raw flesh beneath the secret parts of the holy earth. And there she has a cave deep down under a hollow rock far from the deathless gods and mortal men. There, then, did the gods appoint her a glorious house to dwell in: and she keeps guard in Arima beneath the earth, grim Echidua, a nymph who dies not nor grows old all her days. Men say that Typhaon the terrible, outrageous and lawless, was joined in love to her, the maid with glancing eyes. So she conceived and brought forth fierce offspring; first she bare Orthus the hound of Geryones, and then again she bare a second, a monster not to be overcome and that may not be described, Cerberus who eats taw flesh, the brazen(01 THEOGONY RESIOD 7r€V7'''1/coJl'Talt€cfJaA.oJl, avato~a 'TE /Cpaupov 'Te' , "T·vp"1V au'Tt~ • " '",u,,/pa \ \ tvutaJl '. ~ 'TO, 'TptTOJl €,,/€tVaTo AEPlJa£'Y}v, ~v (Jp~V€ (J€d, A.EU/CWA.EVO,> "Hp'Y) • '\ ' ( 3 'tv 'HpaIC"''Y}€tv. '\ ' a7r,,'Y}'TOV ICO'T€ouua , 'A' n), ' , 315 ... ICa I. 'T'Y}V IUV I_"'O~ Uta'> €v'Y}pa'To V'Y}A.€t Xa",/Crp 'AfJ-¢tTpuroVt6J)'Y}~ UVV ap'Y}t¢£A.rp 'IoA.aro 'H paIC"€7)'> ,\' Q ,~ 'Af) , , t poV"'VUtV u'Y}vat'Y}'> ao/€A.€t'Y}'>. ~ o€ .' X'tfJ-atpav €'TtICT€ " , , I ... '/ 7rV€Ovuav afJ-atfJ-aIC€TOV 7rVP, V€tJI'Y}V T€ fJ-E,,/aN17v 'T€ 7rooroIC€a 'TE ICpaup'7v TE' 320 " ' . / , ' \ ' " ~ 'T'Y}~ 0 'Y}v 'TP€t'> IC€'I'a",at' fJ-ta fJ-€V XaP07rOtO .' '.'. ." , A.~OVTO'>, ~ O~ XtfJ-a{p'Y}'>, ~ 0' 15cfJta,>, ICpaTEpOtO opaICovTo<;, [7rPOO'(JE , A.€rov, 157rt(JEJI O€ OpdICWV, fJ-EO'U'Y} OE xtfJ-atpa, ~ " a7r07rJlEtOvO'a , "fJ-€Vo,> ' IaW0fJ-€VOtO, I I 1] oEtJlOV 7rUp0<; 'T~ fJ-EV II ~,,/aO'o,> ElA.E /Cal. €O'(JA.o,> B€A.A.€po¢6vT'Y}<;' 325 ,1>"',' , K .' ", " '7• 0N· apa 'VtIC o",o7)JI TEIC€ a0fJ-€totUtV O"'€UPOJI 'OpBrp {J'lT00fJ-7)(J€tua N€fJ-EtatOJl 'T€ A.€OVTa, , P" "H P'Y) (J' A' . ' 7rapaICot'Tt'> , TOV P€,I. 'I' aO'a uto<; ICVOP'Y} ~ , N ' " " ' ( ' ,,/OUVOtUtJ/ ICa'T€vauO'€ EfJ-€t'Y}<;, 7r'7fJ- av J PW7rot<;. "(J''''''') , h.,J..' ,I.."""(J' EJI ap OtIC€troJl E"'€'I'atp€TO 't'V'" av PW7rrov, , T "N ' '·"A' ICotpav€WV P'Y}TOto €fJ-€t'Y}~ 'Y}O 7r€UaVTO<;' ',,\,\' r,\ '~I 0' (HpaIC"''Y}€t'Y}<;. ' , a",,,,a € t<; €OafJ-aO'UE pt7)'> ° 330 ,\' K 'Y}'TW' .0 ' ,07r",OTa'TOV r'f> ' ./, , ' " 'V0PICVt 'l't"'O'T'Y}'Tt fJ-t,,/€tO'a .... '(J , ,,/EwaTO OE/VOV 0't'tJI, 0'> €P€fJ-V1)<; ICEV EUt ,,/at'Y}<; It" ",.t... tI., ", , '" ./,,' 7rEtpaO'w €V fJ-E"/a,,,ot<; 7ra,,/xpvu€a fJ-'Y}",a 't'v"auu€t. 335 , " K ,.. , rF-' " , ,OUTO fJ-EV €IC 'Y}'Tou<; ICat 'V0PICVVO,> ,,/EVO, EU'TtV. Ll' n " II o'TafJ-0v~ " . ' T 'Y}UV<; v. "HIC€avrp 'T€ICE OtJ/7)€VTa<;, N€tA.OJl T' 'AA.T€toJl T€ ICal. 'HptoavoJl (3aBvO£v'Y}JI '2.TpVfJ-OVa MatavopOJl TE ICal. "IO''TpoJl ICaA.A.tp~€(JpOJl voiced hound ot Hades, fifty-headed, relentless and strong. And again she bore a third, the evil-minded Hydra of Lerna, whom the goddess, white-armed Hera nourished, being angry beyond measure with the mighty Heracles. And her Heracles, the son of Zeus, of the house of Amphitryon, together with warlike lolaus, destroyed with the unpitying sword through the plans of Athene the spoil-driver. She was the mother of Chimaera who breathed raging fire, a creature fearful, great, swift-footed and strong, who had three heads, one of a grim-eyed lion, another of a goat, and another of a snake, a fierce dragon; in her forepart she was a lion; in her hinderpart, a dragon; and in her middle, a goat, breathing forth a fearful blast of blazing fire. Her did Pegasus and noble Bellerophon slay; but Echidna was subject in love to Orthu!> and brought forth the deadly Sphinx which destroyed the Cadmeans, and the Nemean lion, which Hera, the good wife of Zeus, brought up and made to haunt the hills of Nemea, a plague to men. There he preyed upon the tribes of her own people and had power over Tretus of Nemea and Apesas: yet the strength of stout Heracles overcame him. And Ceto was joined in love to Phorcys and bare her youngest, the awful snake who guards the apples all of gold in the secret places of the dark earth at its great bounds. This is the offspring of Ceto and Phorcys. And Tethys bare to Ocean eddying rivers, Nilus, .'md Alpheus, and deep-swirling Eridanus, Strymon, and Meander, and the fair stream of Ister, and I Rejected by 'VoIr "s superfluous here and borrowed from Homer, Iliad vi. 181-2. 102 103 HESIOD THEOGONY A-"' '1"e 'P"' ," .' 340 '¥alTW 1]lTOV '1""A?Ce",wtoV '1"" ap"fVpoo£IJ1]v N E';lTOV '1"6 'PO Olav 0' AA.tt2/CJ1-0Vti 0' 'E71"'1"ti71"OpOV '1"e fl r}VtI(OV '1"e /Cal A'tlT1]71"OV Oe'i6v '1"e ltJ1-avv'1"a , '1"e /Ca.\ "Ep/J-OV wppet'1"1]v " 1]vetov '1"E K' at/Cov .... " , A'· , II , '1"e ~a'Y'Yap£Ov '1"6 J1-e'Yav aowva '1"e ap e'evtOV E V1]VaV '1"e /Cat'''A p01)lT/cOV ~/CaJ1-avopov. 345 '" • 0e£OV "' '1"e .... ' • ' .' 0 I t ' , .\ , ... T t/c'1"e oe U'Ya'1"EPWV tEpOV 'Y€VO~, at /Ca'1"a 'Yatav " " 'i' "A" , " avopa~ /COUpt."OUlTt lTUV 71"O",,,,WVt avaKT£ /Ca~ IIo'1"aILO'i~, '1"au'1"1]v oe dto<; 71"Ilpa J1-a'ipav eYOUlTt, " '0 1] T ' 'H'ICE/c'1"P1) , II EtOWf' T , 'A·' 0J1-1)'1"1] '1"e 'I av Til A , ' 0 €OEt 0'1)~ J.>.wpt<; Te II pUJ1-vw' '1"e /Cat, 0'upaVl.1) 350 '171"71"w Te KA.VJ1-EV1] '1"e 'POOEttI '1"E KaA.A.tpo1) Te Zwgw '1"e KA.v'1"£1J '1"e 'Iou'iti Til IIalTtOO1] '1"e IIA.1]gavp1J '1"e raA.agaup1] T' epa,..; Te dunv1] M1)A.o(3olT£<; '1"e ®O1] T€ /Cal eVEtO~<; IIoA.vowp'Y/ ' Te ,,-" Q" K ep/C1)t<; '/' U1)V Epa'1"'Y/'II"ICOVTW '1"E fJOW71"t<; 355 " T 'I aVEtpa ' "'1"' A ' , II EplT'Y/t<; /CalT'1"'Y/ '1"E '0 "'" av 1) '1"E "'1""EpaelTlTa MeVElT0'w '1"'E'UpW71"'Y/ , II ETpat'Y/ '1"e M fin<; ' '1"'E"UpUVOJ1-'Y/ '1"e T" " e",ElT'1"W '1"e /cPO/C071"E71"ICO<; "'1"' AlTt1] ' '1"e /Ca.\tJ1-EpOelTlTa ., K aICu ' of.' XPUlT'Y/t<; 'I' W Evowp'Y/ '1"e TuX'Y/ '1"e /Cal 'AJ1-¢tp~ 'n/Cupo'Y/ '1"e 360 /Cal l'1"u~, f) or} IT¢ewv 7rpO¢EpelT'1"ti'1"'Y/ elTTlv , , a71"alTEWV. aVTat 0' 'n/c€avov /Cal T'Y/Ouo<; egE'YEvOV'1"O (.J/ ... "\."\., " , 71"pElTfJUTa'1"at /Covpal' 71"OICICat 'Ye J1-ev EtlT£ /Ca~ /lA.A.at. '\ 'Yap , " " etlTt TaVVlT,/,upOt , rI.. 'n /cEaVWat, " '1"p.c; xt/\,tat , , 'Yatav " /Cat'Q' at'" pa 7rOICUlT71"epee<; fJ€V 0 ea "",tJ1-V'Y/<; 365 e 104 Phasis, and Rhesus, and the silver eddies of Achelous, Nessus, and Rhodius, Haliacmon, and Heptaporus, Granicus, and Aesepus, and holy Simols, and Peneiis, and Hermus, and Caicus' fair stream, and great Sangarius, Ladon, Parthenius, Euenus, Ardescus, and divine Scamander. Also she brought forth a holy company of daughters 1 who with the lord Apollo and the Rivers have youths in their keeping-to this chal'ge Zeus appointed them-Peitho, and Admete, and Ianthe, and Electra, and Doris, and Prymno, and Urania divine in form, Hippo, Clymene, Rhodea, and Callirrhoe, Zeuxo and Clytie, and Idyia, and Pasithoe, Plexaura, and Galaxaura, and lovely Dione, Melobosis and Thoe and handsome Polydora, Cercels lovely of form, and soft eyed Pluto, Persels, Ianeira, Acaste, Xanthe, Petraea the fair, Menestho, and Europa, Metis, and Eurynome, and Telesto saffronclad, ChryseiS and Asia and charming Calypso, Eudora, and Tyche, Amphirho, and Ocyrrhoe, and Styx who is the chiefest of them all. These are the eldest daughters that sprang from Ocean and Tethys; but there are many besides. For there are three thousand neat-ankled daughters of Ocean who are dispersed far and wide, and in every ~lace alike serve the earth and the deep waters, children who I Goettling notes that so~e of these nymphs derive th~ir names from Jande over wInch they preslde, as Europa, ASla, Doris Ianeira (U Lady of the IOllians "), but that most are called after Bome quality which their streams possessed: thus Xanthe is _the "Brown" or U Turbid," Amph~I'ho is the "Surrounding" river, Iant.he is Ie She who delIghts," and Ocyrrhoe i. the .. tlwift-llowing." lOS THEOGONY HESIOD , '",,,,, 7rallTTJ 0p,W<; ~."E'II"OVO't, 0EaWV ' i \aa " ' a'Y TEKlla. , ~"8' ~ " TOO'O'Ot 0 av "Tl?pOt 'll"OTap,Ot,~, teavaX'f}0a peOVTEr;, "'n " TOUr; " 'YElllaTo 'll"OTvta , UtI?Er; utel?avov, ,.. " " i\' I tJ" T'1] 8 ur;' I , , , .. TWV OllOp, ap'Ya EOV 'll"aVTWII fJPOTOV aVEp ElltO''II"I?III, H.' , 0,\'~,~ OE I?teaO'TOt to'aO'tll, Otr; all 'll"l?ptVatI?TawO'tV. "", ' TI? p,E'Yall , i\ap,'II"pav I ~ i\'f}V'1]V ' ~€ta 0~"H E'i\ tOil TI?,/jE 370" 'H" ' 0 OlltotO't ',/, , 00 8'!J.' " I 'll"aVTI?O'O'tV l?'II"tX ."al?tVE£ 'e' , e" , I?VpUII " "EXOVO't, a avaTotr; TE 8" €OtO't, TOt" ovpavoll ~ 8""T ' ''/'i\' "{I?tva V'II"OOP,'1] EtO' 'll"eptOllor; EV."t OT'1]Tt. Q' ' 0·'E'UPUfJt'1] K pt'l' 'A O'Tpawv ", TI? , ''''i\'OT'1]Tt p,t'Y€tO'a " T€tel?11 EII."t , II a'i\i\a IITa' p,E'Yav 376 ~"O' TI? ota eawII , e" ,or; teat' 'll"aO't " p,ETe'll"pl?'II"ell I ,~, IT EpO''1]V wp,oO'v"llO'tII, 'AO'Tpa£'I' ' .0' 'H wr; ' allep,ovr; , I I I TEtel? KapTl?pO 0 UP,OVr;, iP'Y€O'T'1]V ZtcfJupov Bopt'1]11 T' altwoteti\evOoll N 6TOV, ev ¢ti\6T'f}Tt 8ea 81?{jJ eVv'1]Ol?tO'a. , ., P,€T " "afITepa T£teTeV , 'E,/, I 'HP£'Y.-veta I TOUr; 0.WO'."opOV teal " " , , , , ,1..1 380 afIT pa TE i\ap,7rI?TOWIITa, Ta 'T ovpavor; EO'Te."avWTat. 't,TV~ 8' I!Tl?te' '!lteEaVov 8v'YaT"7P IUi\i\avTt p,ty€tO'a Zf]i\ov teat N Cte'f}V teai\i\tO'¢vpov ell P,€'YapotO'tV· ' '.' B'£"711 apto€tteeTa '.' I , teat' K paTor; '1)0''Y€£VaTO Tetella, 385 " , , , , , , 0 A'.' '.' ~. TWV Ovte efIT a'll"avl?v I? utor; oop,or;, ovoe nr; €OPTJ, ,~, ft-'''' " 8" , ovo 000" 07r7r'1] ft'7 te€tvotr; eo, 'f}Y€P,OVI?VT/, , , atet " 'll"ap , Z'-''f}V£' f ] apVKTU'II"'I' I 't" ai\i\ E0f,wwVTat, &1<; 'Yap €f]ovi\eufIev 't,TV~ /1¢8tTO<; !ltel?allCv'f} " .." , 'Oi\' , , 390 'f}ftan 1''1', OTe 7raVTar; vp,'II"wr; afITl?p07r'f}T'f}r; ' 8 ' , 'i\ 8" , "Oi\ a avaTOUr; etea I?fIO'e eovr; er; p,atepov vft'll"OV, • •0,' • '· 8eWII " T£T"7fI£ " p,aXOtTO, , Et7rE or; • all p,eTa E£O are glorions among goddesses. And as many other rivers are there, babbling as they flow, sons of Ocean, whom queenly Tethys bare, but their names it is hard for a mortal man to tell, but people know those by which they severally dwell. And Theia was subject in love to Hyperion and bare great Helius (Sun) and clear Selene (Moon) and Eos (Dawn) who shines upon all that are on earth aud upon the deathless Gods who live in the wide heaven. And Eurybia, bright goddess, was joined in love to Crius and bare great Astraeus, and Pallas, and Perses who also was eminent among all men in wisdom. And Eos bare to Astraeus the strong-hearted wiI'ds, brightening Zephyrus, and Boreas, headlong in his course, and N otus,-a goddess mating in love with a god. And after these Erigeneia 1 bare the star Eosphorus (Dawn-bringer), and the gleaming stars with which heaven is crowned. And Styx the daughter of Ocean was joined to Pallas and bare Zelus (Emulation) and trim"ankled Nike (Victory) in the house. Also she brought forth Cratos (Strength) and Bia (Force), wonderful children. These have no house apart from Zeus, nor any dwelling nor path except that wherein God leads them, but they dwell always with Zeus the loud-thunderer. For so did Styx the deathless daughter of Ocean plan on that day when the Olympian Lightener called all the deathless gods to great Olympus, and said that whosoever of the gods would fight with him against the Titans, he would I 106 i.e. Eos, the " E~rly. born." THEOGONY HESIOD I " , I 't'~ fI a7rOppaLCTEW ry€paWV, Ttp,>]V O€ €KaCTTOV '1::' !\ , ' 8" ESEp'EV, 'IV TO\7rapo, ryE p,ET" a8 avaTOtCTt EOtCTt~ , t - ' ) I A. 8' d " f ' K' , t" aryE, I TOV E",a ,OCTTt, aTtp,o, U7rO pOVOU 'Y/O p,'Y/ TW ° p~w~ - ... , 'fJ l ~8' " TtP,'I, Kat\ ry€paWV €'Trtl-''Y/CT€P,EV, 'Y/ €fH, ECTTW. ~/c8€ 8' I1pa 7rPWT'Y/ !(rv~ I1cpOtTo, 0I5A.Uft7rOV8E CTVV CTCPO'iCTW 7raiOECTCTt ¢£/cou lita p,~IiEa 7raTpo,. , DE .' Z' , , 0\ 0" .,. T'Y/V EU, Ttft'Y/CT€, 7r€ptCTCT"a DE owpa OEOWK€V. " \ ryap \ €J/8'Y/"€ 8'" '" tl aUT1/V p'EV €WV p,Eryav €p,p,€vat 0PKOV, 400 ... ~ ~'" If... I., 71"atoa, 'Y/p,aTa 7raVTa EOU p,ETaVatETa, €iVa,. "'C:-'" I t' ttl (I W, aUTW, 7raVT€CTCTt otap,71"€pE" w, 7rEp U7rECTT'Y/, 'I: '''It. ' "to\. , ,.. • to' , , ESETEI\-ECTCT' aUTO, o€ p,eta "paTEL 'iDE al'a]V 7rEpt 71"aVTWV ' . Ttp,'Y/CTE' ' ' . DE ' ot.,ary",aa " '." \ KPOVL0'Y/, ZEV, 7r0PEV owpa, ... ,' , "I" 8" p,otpav EXEW ryat'Y/, TE "at a7pvryerow a"aCTCT'Y/" t.\ to' "I' I , " ... JI ,.. 'f} DE "at a"CTTEpoEVTO, a7r ovpavov €P,P,OP€ TtP,'I' ' . . TETtp'EV'Y/ I" I a' 8 avaTO£,> TE 8EOtCTt €CTTt p,aAtCTTa. , , . . " , , 8 ' , 8pW7rWV ' Kat ryap 1'1'1', OTE 71"01' Tt'> E7r£X OVtWV av "t"\ ,\ ~, '",\' EpOWV tepa Ka",a "aTa vop,0V t/\'aCT"'f}Ta" " ' 'E' '\."\ I TEI atf ECT7rETO d "'''''''[ICT''€t "aT'Y/V. 7rO",,'Y/ Ttft'f}, . " ',," , A. 0 \. .'1: " pEta p,a"" rp 7rp0't'PWV ryE €a V7raO€<;;ETat Evxa" I l f ",,\ (.:) , Iy "~ I I f Kat 'T€ Ot 0"'1-'01' 07ra.,,€t, E7rEt ovvap,t, ryE 7rapECTTtV. 420 " ' rat'Y/' ' 'T€ "at'0'upavav" "ESfEry€VaVTO :' OCTCTO, ryap ° ° 108 ° E, not cast him out from his rights, but each should ha\'e the office which he had before amongst the deathless gods. Ann he declared that he who was without office or right under Cronos, should be raised to both office and righ ts as is just. So deathless Styx came first to Olympus with her children through the wit of her dear father. And Zeus honoured her, and gave her very great gifts, for her he appointed to be the great oath of the gods, and her children to live with him always. Aud as he promised, so he performed fully unto them all. But he himself mightily reigns and rules. Again, Phoebe came to the desired embrace of Cae us. Then the goddess through the love of the god conceived and brought forth dark-gowned Leta, always mild, kind to men and to the deathless gods, mild from the beginning, gentlest in all Olympus. Also she bare Asteria of happy name, whom Perses once led to his great house to be called his dear wife. And she conceived and bare Hecate whom Zeus the son of Cronos honoured above all. He gave her splendid gifts, to have a share of the earth and the un· fruitful sea. She received honour also in starry heaven, and is honoured exceedingly by the deathless gods. "For to this day, whenever anyone of men au earth offers rich sacrifices and prays for favour according to custom, he calls upon Hecate. Great honour comes full easily to him whose prayers the goddess receives favourably, and she bestows wealth upon him; for the power surely is with her. For as many as were born of Earth and Ocean amongst all these she has 10 9 HESIOD ,~ \ , " THEOGONY ., f I "at np/I)V E/\,axol/, TOUTCOV EXel aurav a'TraVTCOV, 't:'" 1<:;:0 '(.)' , '" I " I ouoe n I IUV K pOlnoYJ~ El-'t?}UaTO OUDE T a7r?}upa, . ' ' 'e",axev , 'I'" '0" ouu tT?}Ut fLETa, 7rPOTEPOtUt EOtUW. ',,\ "\., J/ t , .... , , , ,... ,,"\ a/\,,, EXEI, Cd~ 'TO 7rpooTOV a7r apx?}~ €7r",ETO oaUfLO~' 425 " 'YatV TE Kat\oupavc[1 ' , . . ,)OE '\:,\ 0aicuuuv' ' , 1 427 Kat" 'YEpa~ €V GUO', fLovvo'Y€V~~, iJUUOV OEd. gp'fLOPE 'TIfL')~' 426 ',,'" \ , \ '" . , Z' , ,,/\,'" En Kat 'TrO",U fLa",/\,ov, E7rEt ,EU~ nerat on • I a~~ 'P" 'O! to' ,'\. I ~ ,<;.', " , E EAEt, fL€'YaA-co~ 7rapa'Yt'YvE'Ta. '10 OVtV?}UtV' 0 €V T€ 8{"V (3aUtA.EUut 7rap' aloo[otut KaO£SE£, 2 " " ... "\ ... I r f ' '0 I , EV 'T a'Y0pv ",aotu. fLE'Ta7rpE7rEt, OV" E E",VUtv' ,,,,, t "",,\ ..1-.0' ' ?}D 07rOT E~ 7rO/\,EfLOV 'Y E'U?}VOpa 0 ooP"UUCOVTa. " "00' , " ' 0E "EA-VU. aVEpE~, €V a Ea 7rapa'Yt'YVETat, Ot~" , A-. I " \"". 'I; VtK?}V 7rP0'YpOVECO~ o'Traua. "at KVOO~ 0pE,a •• , 0""'1) 0". av'0" 07rOT , •.avopE~ ,,, • 0"",EVCOUtv a'YOOVI, ." B EO" aE "00' " , •••• , EV a Ea Kat Tm~ 7rapa'Yt'YVETat?}O OVLV1)UtV' , '" I-'LV Q' " "0'"OV VtKr;Ua~ OE Kal" KapT€l" "aA-OV aE !,.. J..' I "" <:;:-, "f'. , ,~ pEta 'YEPEt XatpCOV TE, 'TO"EVU. OE KVOO~ 07ra.,et, 'O,,\'~'f I ,tp "0" EU ,,1) 0 t7r7r'i)Eurrt 7rapeUTafLEV, Ot~ K € E"'VUtV, " Ot'" 'Y",av,,'i)v ' "OVU'TrEfL'YE/\,ov 'A-.' EP'Ya.,oVTat, ' 'fKat, 'TOt~, 'f ~, (E I " " E f EUXOV'Ta. 0 ~KaTV "at EPtKTV'Tr'l' vvout'Yat'l', P'i)IO[oo~ li'YP'IJv Kuoph OEO~ W7raUE 7rOA.A~V, ' " 0. . a'YEt"ETO , A-. f , A. f " ' "IE 0UfLCf', " pEta 'YatVOfL€V'i)V, E'0 E/\,OIJua , 0'" 0•• EV • UTa 0" "E"'" 'C' aEs ,,/:€tV' EU fLOtU. uvv PfLV "'ltD ' ' ••• '" \ ' fJ OUf(,o"'ta~ 0 a'YE",a~ 'TE Ka! at7ro"ta 7r",aTE "'I f, 433 435 440 "" ~~ " , 'f 0 vfL'I'" "I• E'0"E/\,ouua, 'Trotl./Ja~ 'T €tPO'TrOKCOV OlooV, ,/:,,' Q f ,. ,,," , 0" o/\,t'Yoov I-'rta€t Kat 'TrO/\,,,,OOV fL€IOVa 'IJKEV. d \' \ , ... OVToo 'Tot "a fLOVV0'YEV'IJ~ EK fL'lJTpO~ Eovua €. 434 430 ~ , E" Goettling'. order. • Koochly: &'Y'"" I 110 • Schoemann·. order. 1.",..6 ..""" DGHI: """.6 .."w, other MSEI. her due portion. The son of Cronos did her no wrong nor took anything away of all that was her portion among the former Titan gods: bnt she holds, as the division was at the first from the beginning, privilege both in earth, and in heaven, and in sea, Also, because she is an only child, the goddess receives not less honour, but much more still, for Zeus honours her. Whom she will she greatly aids and advances: she sits by worshipful kings in judgement, and in the assembly whom she will is distinguished among the people. And when men arm themselves for the battle that destroys men, then the goddess is at hand to give victory and grant glory readily to whom she will. Good is she also when men contend at the games, for there too the goddess is with them and profits them: and he who by might and strength gets the victory wins the rich prize easily with joy, and brings glory to his parents. And she is good to stand by horsemen, whom she will: and to those whose business is in the grey discomfortable sea, and who pray to Hecate and the loud-crashing Earth,Shaker, easily the glorious goddess gives great catch, and easily she takes it away as soon as seen, if so she wilL She is good in the byre with Hermes to increase the stock. The droves of kine and wide herds of goats and flocks of fleecy sheep, if she will, she increases from a few, or makes many to be less. So, then, albeit her mother's only child,! she is honoured amongst all the deathless I Van Lennep explains that Hecate, having no brother. to ,upport her claim, might have been Blighted. III HESlOD THEOGONY gods. And the son of Cronos made her a nurse of the young who after that day saw with their eyes tIle light of all-seeing Dawn. So from the beginning she is a nurse of the young, and these are her honours. But Rhea was subject in love to Cronos and bare splendid children, Hestia,1 Demeter, and gold-shod Hera and strong Hades, pitiless in heart, who dwells under the earth, and the loud-crashing Earth-Shaker, and wise Zeus, father of gods and men, by whose thunder the wide earth is shaken. These great Cronos swallowed as each came forth from the womb to his mother's knees with this intent, that no other of the proud sons of Heaven should hold the kingly office amongst the deathless gods. For he learned from Earth and starry Heaven that he was destined to be overcome by his own son, strong though he was, through the contriving of great Zeus. 2 Therefore he kept no blind outlook, but watched and swallowed down his children: and unceasing grief seized Rhea. But when she was about to bear Zeus, the father of gods and men, then she besought her own dear parents, Earth and starry Heaven, to devise some plan with her that the birth of her dear child might be concealed, and that retribution might overtake great, crafty Cronos for his own father and also for the 1 112 E (later hand) GHI and a Scholiast read 7raTp6s. I The goddess of the hearth (the B.oman Vesta), and 80 of the honse. Cpo HomerIC Hymm v. 22 if.; xxix. 1 ff. • The variant reading "of his father" (8C. Heaven) rests on inferior MS. authority and i. 'probably an alteration due to the difficulty stated by a Scholiast: .. How could Zeus, being not yet begotten, plot against hi. father I" The phrase is, however, part of the prophecy. The whole line may -well be spurious, ·and i. rejected by Heyne, Wolf, Gaiaford RDd Guyet. 113 HESIOD THEOGONY ot SE OV'YaTpt cplA'{l /-uiAa P,EV KAVOV ~O' hrtOOVTO, 475 Kat oi 7rEcppaSeT'1/V, Sua 7rEp 7r€7rPOJTO 'YEveu-8a£ ap,cp~ Kpovrp fJau£Aijt Kat vUt KapTEpoOVp,rp. '.1. 0~" E~ A'U"TOV, K' , , 0' 7rEP,'t'av p1)T1)~ E<; 7rtova orlp,ov, t "", f ,,\' 'f\:If: 0 ~ " 07r7rOT ap 07r",OTaTOv 7ratoOJv TE<;;EU at ep,e",,,,I!, ' , ' " ,~,~ Z 1)va p,E'YaV' TOV p'EV Ot EOEc;;aTO ata 7r€",OJP1) r' " K' , , rk' , A.A.' , 480 w P1)T'{l EV.€UP€'J!,Tpa't'EP,O€V,aT;TfL ,ep,EVa£"T€. ev 0a p,tV tKTO 't'Epovua 01)V ota VUKTa p,/!",atvav , 'A UKTOV' ' '.1.·' " 7rpOJT1)V E<; KpU't' EV DE €, X€P(l'£\ ,",a fJ ovua " ",,\ ' I' 0' t ' KEU'0 €U£ 'Yat1)<;, ' aVTprp EV 1)",t fJ aTrp, ~a €1)~ V7rO I , , , " , t"\ I A t'Yatrp ev opet 7r€7rVKaUp,€vrp V""1€vn. Trp, 0' U7rap'YaVtuaua , " '"'£ 0 '" ~ DE p,E'Yav OV €'Y'Yva"'t<;;€v 485 OupavlSv P,€'Y' /ivaKn, Oewv 7rPOT€prp fJaUtAijt, \ TO'0' E",OJV f",\ " t" EUKaT I 0 ETO v'70VV 0 \ TOV XEtPEUUtV (1)V UX€TAto~· ouS' EV(1)UE P,€Td. CpPEuiV, &1<; 01 o7rluuOJ , "'0 ,\ '\" "~, aVTL "'£ ov EO~ v£o~ aV£K'1)To~ "at aK1)o1)<; ,",€£7rE ' 0', 0d p,tv Tax , '" " f J '£'{l Kat, XEpU£\ .,ap,au0 , EP,€"''''E -<; , ,~" •0 00' ~V 1 "~ np,1)<; EsE",aEtV, a avaTotut avac;;€tv, '0' ' ' K ap7ra",tp,OJ<; 00' ~ ~'" , ,l- ' .. ap €7r€£Ta p,EVO<; Ka.\ 't'atotp,a 'Yv'ia "1:: ...,' ,"\., 'i:'" ... 1)V<;;ETO TOto avaKTO<;' E7rt7r"'0p,EVOJV 0 €vtaVTOJV ra(1)<; EVV€U£'{lUt 7rOAucppaS€€uut SOAOJO€t<; i!o. I "'",',. J I I K' , "'\ I OV 'Y0VOV a't' av€'1)"€ p,E'Ya<; POIlO<; a'YKvI\op,1)T1)<; 495 [VtK1)O€t<; TeXIl'{lut fJ£'1)cpl TE 7ratSlJ,> ~o'io,1] , 0' ,~, "0.' 'z 7r/JOJTOIl 0 E<;;EI"EUEV ",t OV, OV 7rVp,aTOV KaTE7rtvEv' \ p'EV \ Z' ,~ KaTa' 0 " fWpvooEt1)<; .' TOV €V<; UT1)ptC;;1! X ovo<; " ' 0 ' ' .. d II ' II V0ot EV 1)'Ya E'{l 'Yv(J-"Ot<; V7rO apv'1)uoto uiJp,' gp.ev €to7rluOJ, Oavp,a OV1)TO'iUt fJPOTO'iU£V, bOO I Rejected by Heyne a. interrupting and disagreeing with the c{Jutext. • Peppmiiller, l~~"'1/'" (or '~~""q.) 1o.lIov, r{,I'~TOV ""Ta' ",{vow, 114 MSS. children whom he had swallowed down. And they readily heard and obeyed their dear daughter, and told her all that was destined to happen touching Cronos the king and his stout-hearted son. So they sent her to Lyctus, to the rich land of Crete, when she was ready to bear great Zeus, the youngest of her children. Him did vast Earth receive from Rhea in wide Crete to nourish and to bring up. Thither came Earth carrying him swiftly through the black night to Lyctus first, and took him in her arms and hid him in a remote cave beneath the secret places of the holy earth on thick-wooded Mount Aegeum; but to the mightily ruling son of Heaven, the earlier king of the gods, she gave a great stone wrapped in swaddling clothes. Then he took it in his hands and thrust it down into his belly: wretch! he knew not in his heart that in place of the stone his son was left behind, unconquered and untroubled, and that he was soon to overcome him by force and might and drive him from his honours, himself to reign over the deathless gods. After that, the strength and glorious limbs of the prince increased quickly, and as the years rolled on, great Cronos the wily was beguiled by the deep suggestions of Earth, and brought up again his offspring, vanquished by the arts and might of his own son, and he vomited up first the stone which he had swallowed last. And Zeus set it fast in the wide-pathed earth at goodly Pytho under the glens of Parnassus, to be a sign thenceforth and a marvel to mortal men. 1 And he set free from their deadly 1 Pausanias (x. 24. 6) saw near the tomb of Neoptolemue "a stone of no great size," which the Delphians anointed every day with oil, ..nd which he aay. wal IUppOSed to be the .tene given te Orono•. lIS HESIOD THEOGONY 505 0' 'J a7TETO~ Ilat.,t.,l(rrfwpov 'flIlEaVlV'1)V K'"Ufl-EV"1V I f ' ,"EXO~ ' , '(3 atVEV. Ilat,0fl-0V €£rTaVE bonds the brothers of his father, sons of H ea"en whom his father in his foolishness had bound. And they remembered to be grateful to him for his kindness, and gave him thunder and the glowing thunderbolt and lightning: for before that, huge Earth had hidden these. In them he trusts and rules over mortals and immortals. Kovp'1)V " 1}'Ya'Y€TO T"aVTa •• ' '''A' 1) OE ot '"" ',\ M ' '.'II p0!-"'1)UEa IJ' EVotTtOV '1)OE ~ " "E 7T"!-,,'1)UEa, 11' afl-apTtVOOV T ,"\., 7T'OtIC'"OV a,o"ofl-'1)TtV, to. o~ E, '. IlpaT€p0'l'pova 'Y€tVaTO 7Tawa· , '. TtIlTE 0." U7TEplluoaVTa "t: ' ' ' ' ' ' , t" apx'1)~ 'Y€VET aVoparTW Ilallov ... 7T'pWTO~ I ... a"'I''1)rTTTI'HV· ,t uta<; 7T"arYT'1)V U7T'EOEIlTO 'YvvaLica fA' 'Yap pa ',,\,.,., 510 "\ lJ' '(3P'rTT1}V ' .OE ' 7T'apUEVov. U It' M €votTtOV 1 .... " Eupuo7Ta Z' EU<; Ei~ "Epe(3o<; llaTS7Tefl-+€ (3a:x.(nv +O:x.dEVTt IlEpauvrj> 515 r;" Ll"\' " , '1)vope"1~ EW€1l aTarYua",'1)<; T€ Ila, f ',,\ U7T€P07T'"OU. 'A' to'" " "EY€t IlpaTEp'1)<; " ,U7T t 'ava'YIl'1)" ,' T"a<; ° oupaVOVEUpUV ""'ErT7TEPWWV"t'YU'I'WVWV' '., '" ' 7T'EtparTtv EV 'Yat'1)<;, 7T'p07Tap 1 , , r/..''''' " I I ErYT'1)W<; IlE'I'a",,[! TE Ilat aICafl-aT'llrTt XEP€rTrTtV· f , I 't:' , It... , TaUT'1)V 'Yap 0, !-"ol,pav EOarTrTaTO !-,,'1)T£€Ta Z' EU<;. 520 ll~rT€ 0' at.,uIlT07T€'bvrTt IIpnfl-'1)8sa 7TOIICI,t.,6(3out.,ov • "ap'Ya"EOtrTt ,I , . " ICLOV' €"arTCTa<,· .... ' O€rTfl-0t~ p.€rYOV ola "rlt aUTap 0 'Y " " I Ilat" ot " E7T at€TOV WpCTE TaVU7TT€p0V- ry7T'ap "l1 , II , , ~, 1}rTutW auavaTOV, TO 0 , VUIlTO~, , ff OrTOV , 7Tp07Tav 8pvt~. '''''A '' "1lfl-"1V"1~ TOV fl-€V ap 'R pall"E"1" ,I , 1 OUIl a€IC'1)T£ 116 't ., I f ""t' .]fl-ap EOOt , TaVUCTt7TTepO~ 525 "\"\ rJ,.''', " lla""tCT'I'vpou a"llt!-"o<; uw<; " , .',' " "" EIlTEtv€, llall'1)v 0 a7TO VOUCTOVa"a"IC€V 'J a7TETWVLO'll I .Ila, , , , ae,€TO tCTOV a7TaVT'1) " 1 • '" ' €"UCTaTO OUCT'I'porTUvaWV 'of, I. V 'I' L!-"EOOVTO<;, Z ' '0'"Vfl-7TLOV 1 "1VOt; Now Iapetus took to wife the neat-ankled maid Clymene, daughter of Ocean, and went up with her iuto one bed. And she bare him a stout-hearted son, Atlas: also she bare very glorious MeRoetius and clever Prometheus, full of various wiles, and scatter-brained Epimetheus who from the first was a mischief to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed. But Menoetius was outrageous, and farseeing Zeus struck him with a lurid thunderbolt and sent him down to Erebus because of his mad presumption and exceeding pride. And Atlas through hard constraint upholds the wide heaven with unwearying head and arms, standing at the borders of the earth before the clear-voiced Hesperides; for this lot wise Zeus assigned to him. And ready-witted Prometheus he bound with inextricable bonds, cruel chains, and drove a shltft; through his middle, and set on him a long-winged eagle, which used to eat his immortal liver; but by ni,;ht the liver grew as much again everyway as the long-winged bird devoured in the whole day. That bird Heracles, the valiant son of shapely-ankled Alcmene, slew; and delivered the son of Iapetus from the cruel plague, and released him from· his afflictiou-not without the will of Olympian Zeus wh') reigns on high, that 117 THEOGONY HESIOD iJrpp' 'Hpa"A.iJo~ ®'Y/fJa'Y€IJ€o~ "A.eo~ E~'rl ~" 7r",etOV €T 'Y/ TO 7rapot EV €7r. X (J' ova 'lTOVAVfJ6TEtpav. "",l ~1'" "~, " TaVT apa a~Of1,EVO~ T£f1,a aptoe£/CeTov VtOV' I '(J I~ • ,~ "a l 'lTEP X(()Of1,EVO~ 'lTav 'rl X0l\,OV, OV 7rPW €XEU"€V, ~ "'~ Q ~,. l K POVUlJVt. I OVVE" €pt~ETO I-'0v",a~ V7rEPf1,EV€t .OT ,, ' (J'e 535 "a." 'Yap € "P£VOVTO €Ot V'Y/TO£"~(J T av pro7rOt Il , ~ l Q" I-J.. (J" M 'rl"WV'!)o TOT E7rEtTa f1,€'Yav I-'0VV 7rPo,/,POVt Vf1,rp oaUUaf1,EVo~ 7rpOee'1)"I!, A£o~ VOOV eta7racptuIlWV. ,. \ \ , 'J! f t' ,. TOt~ f1,EV 'Yap uaplla~ T6 Ilat €'YllaTa 7rtova O'Y/f1,rp , pwrp . " llaT€'(J 'Y/IlE Ila",v ~ '.r. ' EV 't' a~ 'YaUTP£' Q ",OEt'[l, " ., • • " l ~ , Q' '" ~, " I 540 Trp aVT OUT€a ",eVlla I-'00~ 00"'£'{1 €7rt T€XVV '(J , '8 ~ 'or. ' I " " EV ET£ua~ /CaTE '1)"E Ka",v 't' a~ ap'YET£ O'1)f1,rp. " ' TOTE 1 I " "" " TE' 0'Y/ f1,tv 'lTPOUEEt7rE 7raT'Y/p avoprov TE 8EWV 'I a7rET£OV£0'1), I t' I 't", , I 7raVTWV apWe£Il€T avallTWV, ., •• I, • <>, , W 7T€7rOV, W~ ETEpO~'Y/"'W~ ot€oaUuao f1,otpa~. "'"' I ' Zev~ ' a,/, "-J..(J tTa f1,1)uea '0 '" 1 ~~~ -J.. ,/,aTO /CepT0f1,€WV €tOW~, 545, 't"'? ' I Ipof1,'1) (€U~ }" "\ I TOV 0 aVT€ 7rpOUE€t7rE a'YKu",of1,')T'1)~ • , , " , <> ,I ", '~'(J , 1)1l e7rtf1,€w'Y/ua~, 00,,£'1)~ 0 ou "''1) ETO TEXV'1)~' Zev "vOtiTTe f1,e'YuJ'T€ (Jewv alEt'YE~'€7"(iwv, " "" .... , . 1 "-J.. '(J " TWV 0 EA€, 07r7rOT€P'1)V UE €Vt ,/,P€U£ viLo~ avw'Yet. <1>>'1 pa OOAocppovewV" Z€V~ 0' I1rp(JtTa f1,1}oea "" , 'e" ° ~ Elo~~ 550 " .P. OVo ,,,,,. , .,. ,~ " ( viLrp J" 'Yvw 'Y/'YVOt'1)UE OO",OV' Ilalla, 0.' ouueTO (JV'1)TO'it; av8pw7rotUt, T,1 Ilat TEA.eeu(Jat I!f1,EAA.EV. J..l ", .' xepu., "0 ' , . 'Y" -af1,,/,oTep'[l(J'w aV€t"eTO ",eVIlOV I1A.Etcpap. , n -J..' '-J.. ' '-. • , " (J vf1,ov, I J(,wuaTo oe ,!,peva~ aiL'!'t, Xo"'o~ O€ f1,tv £"ETO ~ ,,~ , ,'\. \ p ' ~ .... I " , W~ WEV OUTEa ",ev"a "'oo~ oO"'t'[l €7rt TexV?? 55. , " '>' '(J , ' " (J '-J.. "~, , B ' €Il TOV 0 a avaTot(J'W e7rt X Ollt ,/,V", av POYTTWII " , 1,,\ ,'t:1 .. "awv(J' O(J'Tea ",ev/Ca~8' V'Y/EVTWV €7Tt ",Wf1,WV. ° TOV IlS Oe f1,e'Y' ox8~ua~ 7rPOU~rp'Y/ V6rp€A.'Y/'Y€p~'Ta Z€U~' .. - : the glory of Heracles the Theban-born might be yet than it was before over the plenteous earth. This, then, he regarded, and honoured his famous son; though he was angry, he ceased from the wrath which he had before because Prometheus matched himself in wit with the almighty son of Cronos. For when the gods and mortallflen had a dispute at Mecone, even then Prometheus was forward to cut up a great ox and set portions before them, trying to befool the mind of Zeus. Before the rest he set flesh and inner parts thick with fat upon the hide, covering them with an ox paunch; but for Zeus he put the white bones dressed up with cunning art and covered with shining fat. Then the father of men and of gods said to him : "Son of Iapetus, most glorious of all lords, good sir, how unfairly you have divided the portions!" So said Zeus whose wisdom is everlasting, rebuking him. But wily Prometheus answered him, smiling softly and not forgetting his cunning trick: " Zeus, most glorious and greatest of the eternal gods, take which ever of these portions your heart within you bids." So he said, thinking trickery. But Zeus, whose wisdom is everlasting, saw and failed not to perceive the trick, and in his heart he thought mischief against mortal men which also was to be fulfilled. With both hands he took up the white fat and was angry at heart, and wrath came to his spirit when he saw the white ox-bones craftily tricked out: and because of this the tribes of men upon earth burn white bones to the deathless gods upon fragrant altars. But Zeus who drives the clouds was greatly vexed and said to him: 119 grea~er THEOGONY HESIOD "Son of Iapetus, clever above alll So, sir, you have not yet forgotten your cunning arts l" So spake Zeus in anger, whose wisdom is cverlasting; and from that time he was always mindful of the trick, and would not give the power of un wearying fire to the Melian 1 race of mortal men who live on the earth. \ But the noble son of Iapetus outwitted him and stole the far-seen gleam of unwearying fire in a hollow fennel stalk. And Zeus who thunders on high was stung in spirit, and his dear heart was angered when he saw amongst men the far-seen ray of fire. Forthwith he made an evil thing for men as the price of fire; for the very famous Limping God formed of earth the likeness of a shy maiden as the son of Cronos willed. And the goddess bright-eyed Athene girded and clothed her with silvery raiment, and down from her head she spread with her hands a broidered veil, a wonder to see; and she, Pallas Athene, put about her head lovely garlands, flowers of new-grown herbs. Also she put upon her head a crown of gold which the very famous Limping God made himself and worked with his own hands as a favour to Zeus his father. On it was much curious work, wonderful to see; for of the many creatures which the land and sea rear up, he put most upon it, wonderful things, like living beings with voices: and great beauty shone out from it. 1 Bergk FKL. (after scholiast): "'Arp,n, DEGHI: "'Alo",I, • 11. 576-7 appe!!r to be!QlIg to a different recension. 120 1 A Scholiast explains: " Either because they (men) sprang [rom the Melian nymph. (cp. I. 187); or because, when they were born (~), they caRt themselves nnder the ash-trees (1IIAlal), that is, the tree •. " The reference may be to the origin of men from ash-trees: cpo Works and Days, 145 and not.. Ul ! ;' I,' i ii Ii 'I THEOGONY HESIOD Ah.zp £7Te£ B S~ Tevfe IWA.OV KaKOV aVT' a,,{a8oio, 585 ,,"\ '\ " 'l: ' , , €V , Er;;a"{a"{, a 7Tep a",I\.Ot €CTaV KDCT/L'fJ a'YaA,A,o/L€v'YW i" "" " [T'I)<; o/3pt/L07TliTP'l)'>' 8 eov~ ' B V'l)TOV<; ' T , " "a#'I)xavov av , 8PW7TOtCTtV. ' , 'YEVO~ , ECTn , \ "{vVatKWV " B' ' 1 590 'Yap 'I)",VTepawv, " Try,> , T€ av 8POJ7TOI, " a~7TVV, w<; e oov oo",ov 'E K (:!o' 'YA,aVKw7Tt80~ " ' BaVILa 0.'," ex a' 8 avaTOV<; '8PW7TOV<;, ' av , B" EOt'l)O , , ','" ,/.", " ] 'Yap O",OJtov EITTt "{EVO<; Kat ,/,v",a "{VVatKWV, ... 7T'I)/La ""8'" #E"{ at V'I)TOtITt ", OU"'O/LEV'I)~ /L€T avopalTt vat€TaOVITtV '"" ", ,/. 7T€Vt'l)<; ou ITV#,/,OPOt, a",,,,a KOpOto. " "€V w<; 0~,r 07TOT f IT/L'I)VEITITt "./..'" KaT'I)p€,/,EEITITt /LE",tITITat K'I)cpr,va<; f1dITKOJITt, KaKWV .." a. #EV , , , ,,~, fuv~ova<; ifp"{OJv- ,,, , ", T€ 7Tp07Tav 'I)/Lap €<; 'l)e",tOV KaTaoVVTa ," 8" , 595 ~, ,,' 'I)/LaTtat IT7TeVOOVITt Tt EtITt TE K'I)pta ",€VKa, 8' , ,/.' "a, o.,,,,,,, 0 EVTOIT e /LEVOVT€<; €7T'Y)p€,/,Ea<; KaTa ITt#J->"'OV<; ,"\."\., ,,/.." "'''' a",,,,oTptov Kafl-aTOV IT,/,ETEP'Y)V E<; 'YaITTEP a/LWVTat&i~ S' a~Tw<; avSp€ITITt KaKov 8V'Y)TObITt 'Yvva£Ka<; 600 Z€V~ Uttf1PE/L€T'I)~ 8r,K€V, fVV~OVM ifp"{wv , "\ I '" t'" \, ap'Ya",€WV' eTepov OE 7TOP€V KaKOV aVT" a"{a Oto' 8" .' " "" '~' ... 0<; Ke 'Ya/LOV €U'YOJV Kat /L€pfl-Epa ep'Ya "{VVatKWV '8 "\ ,"\, t - ' " . . r, fl-'Y) "{'Y)/Lat £ EI\.17, OI\.OOV ° €7T! "{'Y)pa~ tKOtTO ". , ""'a' ,~, X'l)TEt "{'I)POKO/LOW' ° 'Y ov J->toTOV €7TtO€V'I)<; y' , '/'8' .. ' ota .. ' KT'Y)ITW " ..' ~W€t, a7TO,/, t/LEVOV OE OaT€OVTat ''''t'' ~tJ a ..' T.'" ';' I , ... ! X'I)pWCTTat· aVT€ "{a/Lov fl-€Ta /Lotpa "{EV'I)Tat, K€OV'I)V 0 " T'fJ... t<' oe , , '" '" £fTX,€V aKOtTtV ap'l)putav 7Tpa7TtoEITITI, , ,... " 8'"...' rk '1' a!wvo~ KaKOV €IT 1\.'fJ aVT£,/,€pt~€t a7T , , .0<;.OE ' ICe T€T/L17 " ",,{eVE ' 8 '"''I)~, €/L/L€ve<;' aTapT'Y)p0to y , , \ I , , ~WEt evt ITTI} €ITITtv EXOJV al\.taITTOV aVt'Y)v '8 " ',,\ 8vfl-rp" "' ",at .• '"aV'1K€ITTOV KalCOV , eITTW. , Kat, ICpaot17, ' .. ' " I a7TeT!OVW'Y)~ , . .aICaK'I)Ta ,' II po#'1 8' €V<; • H<; n OVK ,,, A' " , ' _ at VOOV ' , .. , 7Tape/\, '8ftV. " €ITTt uta<; K/\,£"t' OVOE ovoe "{ap I 122 605 11. 590-1 belong to different recensions. 610 But when he had made the beautiful evil to be the price for the blessing, he brought her out, delighting in the finery which the bright-eyed daughter of a mighty father had given her, to the place where the other gods and men were. And wonder took hold of the deathless gods and mortal men when they saw that which was sheer guile, not to be withstood by men. For from her is the race of women and female kind: of her is the deadly race and tribe of women 'who live amongst mortal men to their great trouble, no helpmeets in hateful poverty, but only in wealth. And as in thatched hives bees feed the drones whose nature is to do mischief-by day and throughout the day ~ntil the sun goes down the bees are busy and lay the white combs, while the drones stay at home in the covered skeps and reap the toil of others into their own bellies-even so Zeus who thunders on high made women to be an evil to mortal men, with a nature to do evil. And he gave them a second evil to be the price for the good they had: whoever avoids marriage and the sorrows that women cause, and will not wed, reaches· deadly old age without anyone to tend his years, and though he at least has no lack of livelihood while he lives, yet, when he is dead, his kinsfolk divide his possessions amongst them. And as for the man who chooses the lot of marriage and takes a good wife suited to his mind, evil continually contends with good; for whoever happens to have mischievous children, lives always with unceasing grief in his spirit and heart within him; and this evil cannot be healed. So it is not possible to deceive or go beyond the will of Zeus: for not even the son of Iapetus, kindly ! , , : I, , : i: i,1 HESIOD THEOGONY .... , 1: 'i\. t: Q , 'i\. 'i\.i\.' IJ7T r t , I TOto ry' rIJ7Te\il] IJ\ie ",apIJV XO OV, a avaryICl]~ 615 , "epIJIC€I. , tea,'i\.'~" 7T0 IJloptV eOVTa p,erya~ ICaTa' . O€Up,O~ '0 ",plaplUp Q' 0~,." Cd~ 7TpWTa " '" 7TaT7)p wovuuaTo 8fjuev ICpaTepij> .!V~ S€Up,ij> KOTTrp T' ~S~ ,7)vop€rJV , IJ7Tep07r r, i\ OV aryCdp,€VO~ ' I 't'\ \ 'tt7)0€ Kal €.OO~ Prometheus, escaped his heavy anger, but of neces,ity strong bands confined him, although he knew many a wile. 0 " vp,rp ruy, ° r'o' " 0 0,' KaTEVaUU€ ' "IJ7rO "X' OVO~ 0" · ' 620 Ka. p,ery€ €VPIJOOeLl]~. " o 'OL r "ryt /ai \ry€ . ' "exOVT€, V7rO X ov, VaL€TaOVT€~ €V " "€7T " €UXaTty, ... p,€rya' i7)~ \ "€V 7T€.pau. ryal7)~, , €LaT " 0'a p,a'i\.'"aXVIJJ.LEVo., Kpao.y . ' p,€'ya " " 01] 7rEV 0 €XOVTE,. ai\.i\d u , 0, ' ..,..paop,oulJvyUtV .I..' " r al7)<; aVl]ryaryov '..1." €~ 't'ao~ avTt<;' . . I .a7raVTa . " , 'i\.1: aIJT7) ryap u't'tv o'l]veK€w<;KaT€ E\i€ ' I ' " 0 at. ap€u too' \ I ' 0 IJp,ai \'Y€" " 0l]pov ryap p,apvavTo 7TOVOV €XOVT€~ TtTfjV€<; T€ O€O~ Ka~ l5uot KpovolJ .!/;€'Y€VOVTO, , , • I KpaT€pa~ , • , avTtov a'i\.i\. 7)'i\. OIU' o.a IJup,wa~, , '..I."", "00 pvo~ T" , avo ., , 0'II p,ev a't' IJ'r 7) i\" 1]~ .T'7VE, a'Y " , a7T , '0 V'i\. Vp,7TOto ' 0 ' ' " 'EawV, ' 0.II 0. ' ap EO.,'OWT'YJp€~ , uvv " Ke'VOL~ i \ .aov ' VIICl]V Te Ka."ary q €VXO~ '" T€K€V 'YJIJICOp,O~ " 'P ' €\JV'YJ '0" OIJ~ €''YJ' K POvrp €.ua. , , . a'i\.i\. 'Y'i\ " 0IJp,al\,'Y€ " ' " €XOVT€<; " 0,'I pa TOT J OtUt X0"-ov I " r;o,l "\ I, 630 635 I €p,aXOVTo O€Ka 7T1\,€LOU~ €vtauTOIJ~' ' . ' . ~ , " ...I\,IJut~ ' '., T€i\. €UTl]I OUO€ T.<; 'YJV" €ptoo~ xal\,€7T'YJ~ OIJO€ , . ' • . " , , ' OUO€T€POL~, .uov oe T€",O~ T€TaTO 7TTO i\. €I-'0LO. 'i\.i\.' rl t'\ I I 0 " , a OT€ 01] K€WOtUt 7TapeUX€ €V apl-'€va 7TaVTa, UIJV€X€W~ , • ,(.), ' 0 eo,\ aUTO' , '''. V€KT(Lp T ap,,,,pou'l]V T€, Ta 7T€P €oovu., , , '0 ' 'I: 0 ' , , 7raVTCdV €V UT'YJ €uutV aE.ETo vl-'0~ a'Y'!vwp. " VEKTap T" , f . ) " epaT€tV'YJv, I E7TauaVTO Ka."ap",pou.'YJv 1317 TOTe TO;;~ I-'6T€Eme 7TI;!,TilP dv8pwv T€ Oewv TE' w~ 124 . 640 But when first their father was vexed in his heart with Obriareus and Cottus and Gyes, he bound them in cruel bonds, because he was jealous of their exceeding manhood and comeliness and great size: and he made them live beneath the wide-pathed earth, where they were afflicted, being set to dwell under the ground, at the end of the earth, at its great borders, in bitter anguish for a long time and with great grief at heart. But the son of Cronos and the other deathless gods whom rich-haired Rhea bare from union with Cronos, brought them np again to the light at Earth's advising. For she herself recounted all things to the gods fully, how that with these they would gain victory and a glorious cause to vaunt themselves. For the Titan gods and as many as sprang from Cronos had long been fighting together in stubbol"ll war with heart-grieving toil, the lordly Titans from high Othrys, but the gods, givers of good, whom rich-haired Ithea bare in union with Cronos, from Olympus. So they, with bitter wrath, were fighting continually with one another at that time for ten full years, and the hard strife had no close or end for either side, and the issue of the war hung evenly balanced. But when he had provided those three with all things fitting, nectar and ambrosia which the gods themselves eat, and when their proud spirit revived within them all after they nad fed on nectar and delicious ambrosia, then it was that the father of men and god~ spoke amongst them: I ! THEOGONY HESIOD '''' K €ICIlUT~ , ILEU, r' a~'I]~ T€ ' 0 'upavov..... ' a'YIlaa ICa~ T€ICl1a, "A. ' " " EV~\ UT'I]'8 €u(H IC€f\EUEt. " 645 0'l'P EV7rW, Ta, fLE 8 UfLO~ Y", , '..."" , ....... ' ... 'Y]O'Y] 'Yap fLalla 0'l]pOV evavnot allll1}f\0~Ut I , , '8'" , VtIC'Y]<; ICa.\ICpaT€o~ 7TEpt fLapvafL€ 'Y]fLaTa 7raVTa ", T€ 8 ' ICa,\"ouOt K' • , 8a. TtT'Y]VE~ EOI POVOU EIC'YEVOfL€U t' ,..~, ,"\ (3' ,... ,, UfLEI<; O€ fL€'Yall'Y]V TE t'Y]V ICat XElpa<; aa7TTou<; A.' T tT'I]V€UUt/J I • I • • • ,... " 'l'a~VET€ €vaVnol EV oat IlU'YPr; ~i I ...1- ..... ' , I ~ 8' fLv'Y]uafL€VOI 'l'IIlOT?)TO<; €V'I}€O<;. ouua 7Ta OVT€<; €<; ¢ao<; u¢{ICw8€ OUU'l}AE'YJO<; {J7TO O€UfLOV " '(3 ' \ U7TO t' ,~, A. ' , 'l]fL€T€pa<; la' OUf\a<; .o'l'0U 'Y]€PO€VTO<;. "!h ¢aTo' TOV €~avn<; ufLel(3€TO KOTTO<; I Itt o· I ufLVfLWV' A" , , ~ , '" I ,'\. "\ , \ ualfLov •• OUIC aoa'l}Ta 7Tl'l'auUIC€at· a",,,,a ICat I aUTol 6551 I/~ rI " If:< , ~" , , WfL€V,O TOt 7TEpt fL€V 7Tpa7Tloe<;.7rEpl a eun vO'Y]fLa, aAICThp O· u8avaTo~ulv api)<; 'YJV€O ICpuepo'io. ... t-" rf..' C' \ 1':',J.. , , O"T/UI a €7rI'l'pouuvT/ut/J U7rO .0'l'0u 'l}EPO€VTO~ 11,/roppov €~aun<; af'e~A{ICTwV V7rO O€UfLWV ~. .... '8Of'€V, K' ',Y t: ava€Il7TTa ' I, ' 'I]/lU pOVOU Ule avas, 'Jra 8OVTE<;. 660 I Tip ICal VUV aTEvE'i TE vorp ICal €7r{CPPOlJt (30UAft 1 IwO"ofL E8a ICpaTO<; VfLOV EV aivfJ 01)ioTfjn ' T " ' "ava ICpaTEpa<; \ uO"fL~va<;. t , f'apvafL€vot tT'I)UtV o't I '1 "n ~ "8 A." • , 0' 8E::/"' 0 " •, , raT,' €7rT/v€uO"a;: I € ~T'Y]f€<; €8aw~, I fLU OV aICouuavTE<;' 7TO",€f'OU a €At",a~€TO ufL0<; 665 I "''''' ",;'"'Y] TO 7rapol ' 8 €' fLaX'Y]V I . fLaA"'oV fiT a~'"afL€'YapTOV " €'YE~pav " , T€ ICa."" apU€VE~, 'l}fLa'Tt IC€IV'I', TtTfjV€~ T€ 8€01 ICal15uO£ Kpovou €~€'Y€VOVTO, of)<; TE Z€V<; 'EpJ(3€Uu¢~v 1 V7rO X80vo<; "'IC€ ¢owu8€ . ' TE ICpaTEpo~I TE, (3' t I "\ " O€tVO~ ~'I}V U7r€P07rf\OV €XOVT€<;. 670 I 7raVT€~, 8f"\., 'l}Iletal I 126 DEFKLR: 'Epl/3 ...'I>'., OHI. " Hear me, bright children of Earth and Heaven, that I may say what my heart within me bids. A long while now have we, who are sprung from Cronos and the Titan gods, fought with each other every day to get victory and to prevail. But do you show your great might and unconquerable strength, and face the Titans in bitter strife j for remember our friendly kindness, and from what sufferings you are come back to the light from your cruel bondage under misty gloom through our counsels," So he said. And blameless Cottus answered him again: "Divine one, you speak that which we know well: nay, even of ourselves we know that your wisdom and understanding is exceeding. and that you became a defender of the deathless ones from chill doom. And through your devising we are come back again from the murky gloom and from our merciless bonds, enjoying what we looked not for, 0 lord, son of Cronos. And so now with fixed purpose and deliberate counsel we will aid your power in dreadful strife and will fight against the Titans in hard battle." So he said: and the gods, givers of good things, applauded when they heard his word, and their spirit longed for war even more than before, and they all, both male and female, stirred up hated battle tliat day, the Titan gods, and all that were born of Cronos together with those dread, mighty ones of overwhelming strength whom Zeus brought up to the light from Erebus beneath the earth. An ii! :; I' , I THEOGONY HESIOD ..... f \ , TWV €/CaTOV fLEV " 71"uUtV '" 0fLw~, "" XELP€~ .' " JI a71" Jf wfLwV aHIUOVTO , -/" \ , , /CE'f'a",a. o€ €/cUUTrt' 7T€VT'1/cOVTU 't oofLooV " "..I.. " 0 ... I €~ €7I"€'f'v/Cov €7I"t uTtfJapo.Ut fL€A€Uutv. O~ TOTE TtT'»VEUUt KaT€UTae€V €V , ',,\ to,., t:) I 7T€TPU~ l]"'tfJaTOV~ UTtfJap'[l~ oal' AV"lPV \ " €XOVT€~. €V X€PUtJJ " 0.'"€T€Poo e' , T'TI]V€~ €V €/CapTVVaVTO -/,' "Q' 7Tp0'f'POV€OO~, X€tPooV T€ fJL'1~ , "" ~ \ t-\ I -/,' 'f' UAU"I"lU~ e' ufLa ~ " "-/, ep"lov €'f'atVOV UfL'f'OT€POt· DEtVOV o€ 7T€ptax€ ...~, "II} '" fL€"1 O€ , €"PV~ , , €UfLUPU"II]U€V, , 675 " 7I"OVTO~ , U7rEtPooV, €7r€UT€V€ t'" \ oVpUVO~ , "0 AVfL- 0 ·'e·" uetofL€VO~, 7T€00 €V D€ 'TLvaUU€TO fLaKpO~ 7r0~ 680 """'e' " rl t:},.. avaTOOv, EVOUt~ 0t" t/CavE fJupeta " . . " , ... , , ' T UPT[1.POV l]€pOEVTa, 7TOOOOV T at7rEtu tool] ~ pt7r'[l V7r a ~ , , , ,.. (.)"\., I aU7I"€TOV tOOXfL0to fJo",aoov TE /CpaT€paooV' '" """ I rl (.Jt , W~ UP E7r aAAI]Aot~ LEuav fJ€AEa UTOVOEVTU. A. \~" ",' rl " \, I '!'oovl] 0 afL'f'0T€pooV L/cET oupavov aUT€pOEVTa 685 " . ' ..,uvtuav 1:' '" ,,"' K€K",OfL€voov' 0.,\ o€ fL€"Ia",9:' U",U"'I]Trp. ,~, O uo 'e JI ,,, ap ETt Z'" " ,\ , ,"'\, ... €V~ LUXEV EOV fL€VO~, all-Aa vu TOU "IE ,- -/,' '.' " €L Up fLEV fL€V€O~ 7T"'I}VTO 't'P€V€~, €/C DE T€ 7ruuav .J...... r.J' ,,~ t" JI 4 ,,,, ... ,~, , , 'f'utV€ fJLI]V' afLVDt~ 0 ap a7r oupavou 1]0 U7r 'OAVfL7TOU , I" aUTpU7I"TOOV EUTELXE Q d 1/ ,.. ~, t' t" , uvvooxaoov' Ot OE /C€paUvot \ , ..., 690 t/CTap ufLa fJPOVT'[I TE Kat aUTEp07r'[l 7TOT€OVTO \" Q"" -/", "-/,' XEtpO~ a7TO U'TLfJapl]~, tEPI]V 'f''''0''la €tIl-V'f'oOOVT€~ oe " TaPCP€€~' afl-cp£ "lata CP€P€uf3to~ €ufLapa"ltse I "\ I t'" rf..' \ ',,\' JI ~ KutOfL€vI), ",u/Ce afl-'f'L 7rUP' fL€"Iul\, UU7r€TO~ VAl}. "l. , X OOV 7Tuua /Cat 'il KEaVOtO " 'pEe , pa €~€€ oe 695 e' , 7rOVTO~ , ° , ", T aTpU"lETO~' , e 't'1",J.. TOU~ 0 afL'f'€7r€ e \ €Pfl-0~ aVTfl-1] T£T~va~ XeOV[OU~, I 128 CPAO' 0' alBepa 1 Stav r/Cavev Naber: MPA, MSS. hundred arms sprang from the shoulders of all alike, and each had fifty heads growing upon his shoulders upon stout limbs. These, then, stood against the Titans in grim strife, holding huge rocks in their strong hands. And on the other pa,·t the Titans eagerly strengthened their ranks, and both sides at one time showed the work of their hands and their might. The boundless sea rang terribly around, and the earth crashed loudly: wide Heaven was shaken and groaned, and high Olympus reeled from its foundation under the charge of the undying gods, and a heavy quaking reached dim Tartarus and the deep sound of their feet in the fearful onset and of their hard missiles. So, then, they launched their grievous shafts upon one another, and the cry of both armies as they shouted reached to starry heaven; and they met together with a great battle-cry. Then Zeus no longer held back his might; but straight his heart was filled with fury and he showed From Heaven and from forth all his strength. Olympus he came forthwith, hurling his lightning: the bolts flew thick and fast from his strong hand together with thunder and lightning, whirling an awesome flame. The life-giving earth crashed around In burning, and the vast wood crackled loud with fire all about. All the land seethed, and Ocean's streams and the unfruitful sea. The hot vapour lapped round the earth born Titans: flame unspeakable rose to the THEOGONY HESIOD JI "~,,, t' \ ',1..0' " alT7rETO'>, olTlTe 0 ap,epoe /Ca£ L't' Lp,(JJV 7rep EOVT(JJV ,"I ,. aU'1T) p,app,aLpOUlTa /cEpauvou Of /Cd-up,a O€IT7TeITLOV Te " ITTEP07r'7'> /clh€XEV Xao,>' Te. ErlTaTO o· 700 aVTa orp8aAp,0'ilTtv loe'iv ~o' oIJalTL 81TITav a/cOVlTaL " . EI'I'" ,\ff aUT(JJ'>, (JJ'> ata /Cal'0" upavo,> evpv,> u7Tep e ,. ... I ~'t'... , " e 7r£AVaTO' TO£O,> "lap /C€ p,e"la,> V7rO OOU7rO,> oP(JJP€£ " p,ev " epet7Top,ev'T}'>, , • ,r. '0 ev ES€pt7rOVTO'> '1: ' • T'T)'> TOU" 0~, U't' ° , ~" " 8 "" 01 :' TOITITO'> OOU7rO,> E"I€VTO E(JJV €PW£ S UVtOVT(JJV. \~"I ", " ' r I .'1'. ITUV 0 av€p,0£ EVOIT£V TE /cOVt'T}V T EIT't'apa"lL,OV 705 ..1 TE ITTEp07TT)V "T€'/Cal 0at" , (3POVT·'IV aA.OEVTa /cEpauvov, , I rl. ' t-', I " I /CfjAQ. Aw,> P,€"IaAOto, 't'EpOV 0 tax'T}v T €V07TT}V T€ , , , .. ,.",' "to t"',f"'\ " e<> fLEITOV at"'t'oTep(JJv" OTOfJ0'> 0 a7rA.T}TO'> OpWPEt to "t- I t'" I , A.' 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" €VVEa "lap VV/cTa,> Te /Cat T}p,aTa xa,,/cEo,> a/Cp,wv 720 " olipavo8ev /CaTtwv oE/CaT?7 /C' f'> "Ia'iav ZICotTO' 'l~'''' '"'T}p,aTa XaMC€O'> ',,\ " Evvea 0 au VU/cTa,> Te /CaL a/Cp,ruv " ' toE/CaT?7 'l TapTapov ' "t/COt. E/C ryalT}'> /CaTtWV /C"E'> TOV 7rept xaAlCeov gpICo,> e'AryAarat' afLrpl. oe fL£v vii, TptlTTOtxe." KexuTa£ 7rEp'\~"'" VEtPT}V' aUTap u7rep 0ev 130 72', bright upper air: the flashing glare of the thunderstone and lightning blinded their eyes for all that they were strong. Astounding heat seized Chaos: and to see with eyes and to hear the sound with ears it seemed even as if Earth and wide Heaven above came together; for such a mighty crash would have arisen if Earth were being hurled to ruin, and Heaven from on high were hurling her down; so great a crash was there while the gods were meeting together in strife. Also the winds brought rumbling earthquake and duststorm, thunder and lightning and the lurid thunderbolt, which are the shafts of great Zeus, and carried the clangour and the warcry into the midst of the two hosts. An horrible uproar of terrible strife arose: mighty deeds were shown and the battle inclined. But until then, they kept at one another and fought continually in cruel war. And amongst the foremost Cottus and Briareos and Gyes insatiate for war raised fierce fighting: three hundred rocks, one upon another, they launched from their strong hands and overshadowed the Titans with their missiles, and hurled them beneath the wide-pathed earth, and bound them in bitter chains when they had conquered them by their strength for all their great spirit, as far beneath the earth as heaven is above earth; for so far is it from earth to Tartarus. For a brazen anvil falling down from heaven nine nights and days would reach the earth upon the tenth: and again, a brazen anvil falling from earth nine nights and days would reach Tartarus upon the tenth. Round it runs a fence of bronze, and night spreads in triple line all about it 13 1 ; ii HESIOD THEOGONY 'Yfj~ pl~al 7rEcpua(Tt /Cal ihpv'YETalO 8aAa(HT'T}~. gv8a 8eal T ITfjVE~ ~ocp~J ~€pOEVn /C€/CpucpaTaI (3avAfilTl ~IO~ VECP€A'T}'Y€p€Taa iJ7T"o I, " XWP'l' ev evpwEvn, " Tal~ ,'" , 7rE"'Wp'T}~ ElTxaTa 'Yal'T}~. ' •, ElTn. 8 upa~ 00" €7r€'8 ?}/C€ IT alT€lo€WV , •t " au/C €SITOV " " .\ xa"'/C€ta~, T€tXO~ o€ , 730 8 'A,' 7rEpaIX€Tat aj-L'I'aTEpw EV. ~v8a rU1)~ KOTTa, TE /Cd 'O(3plapEw, j-L€'Ya8vj-La~ , A, " 'l'v"a/cE~ ValaVIT£V, "EvaDE 8 .\ , 7rOVTOV T " \ A \ , , 735 7rIITTal ula, al'YlOxatD. " ova'l'Ep1)~ '" A , " 'Y1)~ , /Cal\ \, T apTapav ' " .. , 1)€PO€VTO, , aITT€pOEVTO~ aTpV'YETOtO /Cal oupavav 'f: " " " ESEt1), 7raVTWV 7r'T}'Yal /Cal" 7r€tpaT €alT£V , ,I" I , aP'Ya,,€ EUpW€VTa, Ta T€ ITTV'YEaVITI ea, 7r€P, '8 ' "'~, I xalTj-La j-L€'Y, OVDe I 7raVTa /CE €VlaVTOv ... ~ fl , ,.. .... I A..' "'\ T€"€IT'I'DPOV 8 " , El, ' 740 ouoa, '/COlT. EI 7rpWTa 7rV",€WV €VTOIT € "lEva ITa, aAM /CEV gv8a /Cd , , ' ap'Ya",€'Y}' " • \ 0\ V€LVOV DE 1 TOVTO Tepa,. d €ITT'Y}/cEV VE " TWV t'''\. ~v8a cp€pal 7rPO 8uEAAa 8U€AA'[I /Cal\ . a N VICTO~ \." v €"'17~ 8 ' 8" aVaTOllT1 EOIITI " OIICla " 0 \ EP€ (3 EVV'Y}' oElva "'\, , ICEICa",Vj-Lj-LEva ICvaVE'[IITLV. '8 '1 a7rETOIO "" 7rpOCf I II 745 , , " 7ral, EY€I ovpavav EVPVV f , rI. ,,\" \,'f I €ITT'Y}W, IC€'I'a"17 T€ /Cat aICaj-LaT171T1 XEpElTlTlV aITTEj-LcpEW" g81 Nut TE /Cal 'Hj-LEP'Y} iilTlTov lovlTa.1 '" " ' ' ( 3 OJ-LEVat , , '. \ 7rpOCfe€I7rOV, aj-L€I j-LE"fav ovoov " !>. \ • (3 , • • \ i' xa "'/CEOV' 'I j-LEV EITW ICaTa 'Y}ITETat, 'YJ DE upa,E If ' t ' o l ' 'rf... I ~, "" EpX€Tat, OUOe 7rOT aU'I'aT€pa, D0j-L0' EVTO, €EP'YEt, a"'''1)",a~ 8' 750 "" aiEl ' \ €T€P'Y} ' , "IE VOj-LWV ",) " 8 " a",,,, EIC.TOIT EV ' EOVlTa .., 'rf... A t" .,. t" " , .. 'Y0lav E7rtITTpE'I'ETat, 'I D av D0j-Lav €VTO, €OVlTa I ",.., j-Llj-LVEI T'YJV • \, aVT'YJ~ 8' ft' fI .. ", to. fl WP'Y}V OVOV, EITT au IIC'Y}Tal, A,' ,0 \. 1) j-LEV E7rIX OVIOtlT1 'l'ao, 7rO/\,VOEPICE, exovlTa, 105 like a neck-circlet, while above grow the roots of the earth and unfruitful sea. There by the counsel of Zeus who drives the clouds the Titan gods are hidden under misty gloom, in a dank place where are the ends of the huge earth. And they may not go out; for Poseidon fixed gates of bronze upon it, and a wall runs all round it on every side. There Gyes and Cottus and great-souled Obriareus live, trusty warders of Zeus who holds the aegis. And there, all in their order, are the sources and ends of gloomy earth and misty Tartarus and the unfl'llitful sea and starry heaven, loathsome and dank, which even the gods abhor. It is a great gulf, and if once a man were within the gates, he would not reach the floor until a whole year had reached its end, but cruel blast upon blast would carry him this way and that. And this marvel is awful even to the deathless gods. There stands the awful home of murky Night wrapped in dark clouds. In front of it the son of Iapetus 1 stands immovably upholding the wide heaven upon his head and unwearying hands, where Night and Day draw near and greet one another as they pass the great threshold of bronze: and while the one is about to go down into the house, the other comes out at the door. And the house never holds them both within; but always one is without the house passing over the earth, while the other stays at home and waits until the time for her journeying come; and the one holds all-seeing light for them on earth, but the other holds in her arms Sleep the 1 8e. Atlas, the Shu of Egyptian mythology: cpo note on line 177. i ! I HESIOD THEOGONY q ~ "T7TIJOIJ p.eTCt xep(J"l, "a(J"l'YIJ7]TOIJ <8I(l.IJaTO£o. N vE OA.O~, IJEcpeA.V "E"aA.VftfteIJ7] ~epoetl3e'i. vE IJ 8a ~ \ N V"TO~ \ oe "~, " m,,£ ,,, €XOV(J"W, v 7TawE~epEftIJ'l<; "T7TIJO~ "a~ ®aIJaTo<;, I3EtIJo~ 8EOl· ovl3{; aVTov, 'HeA.£o<; cpae800IJ €7Ttl3ep"ETat lL"TlIJE(J"(J"tIJ 760 , , €t<; .,. aIJtOOIJ , \ OVo 't" ' 8€IJ "aTaf] atIJOOIJ. , ovpaIJOIJ ovpaIJo "~,~ "' T€ "a,\evpEa ,'" TOOV 0 fiTEPO, 'YataIJ VOOTa 8'" a",a(J"(J"7]<; ff , '..I.. " , ' 8 ' 7](J"VXO~ aIJ(J"Tp€'I'ETat "a£ ftfit"'tXO~ aIJ POO7TOtcTt, ~, ~ " /LEV "pao£7], ~, " ~ , ,~ TOV" u€ O"tD7]P€7] xaMU!OIJ ue 01 'YJTOp "\ "€IJ'0"'1'7] 8E(J"(J"tV' fiXEt "~, '" 7TpOOTa .. "'f] IJ7]",EE<; ° OIJ ",a VO"tIJ 765 , 8 ' , 8 ' · ' " 8 ' B" . aIJ POO7TOOIJ' EX po~ OE "a. a aIJaTot(J"t eotO"tv. "EvBa BEOY XBovlov 7Tpd(J"(J€V 13dft0l ~X~EIJT€<; ·.l.B'£ft0V '1'"AlO€OO '. "at" €7Tatv7]<; - II EP(J"E'I'0IJ€t7]<; .I. ' ''I' , ~,~" ' B .I. " ' EO"TaO"tIJ, oetIJo~ OE "VOOIJ 7Tpo7Tapo£ E 'l'v",aO"O"Et " t" \ JI "ftEIJ 'f IJ7]A.€£7]<;, TeXIJ7]IJ O€ "a"7]IJ €xe,' €<; £OIJTa~ 770 , ( . . , ... " , ',1.,.' O"a£IJEt oftoo<; ovpv TE "at ova(J"w aft'f'0T€pot(J"tIJ, '/:'B" ' • , - 7Ta",tIJ, '" "",~ , E,e", fi£V 0Nov" avn<; Elf a",,,,a oo"evOOIJ 'B'tet, OIJ ~ "E "",a'f]lJ'Tt 7TV",eooV " , " 8 €O" E"TO(J" EV " tOIJTa. [lcpBl/LoV '1" 'All3€oo "a1 €7Tatvfj, IIepO"ErpoIJ€l7]'.l] 776 "EIJBa I3E IJatETaet (J"TV'Yep~ Be6<; lLBavaTOt(J"t, I3Etv~ ITV~, BV'YaT7]p lLtoPPdOV 'n,,€aIJoio 7Tp€O"fJvTaT7]' vO(J"cpw oe BEWV "A.VTtt I3wftaTa valEI " 7T€TPV(J"t ' .I." aft'l'I '.I.'~' , fta"PVO"tv "aT7]pE'f'E' OE 7TaVT7] " , " " , ,,£OO"tv ap'Yvp€ot(J"t 7T po<; ovpavoIJ EO"T7]pt"Tai. - OE ~,,,,,, ' '~" 7Tavpa ""avftavTo<; B v'YaT7]P 7Tooa<; oo"ea 'r pt<; 780 ,a'Y'Ye""7]v ", 7TOO",E£Ta£ ,,- E7T "" B'" Evpea VOOTa a",ao"(J"7]~. f "" " "a8 ' v 07T7TOT €pt<; "a,' Ive£"o~ €V aIJaTOtO"tv 0P'TJTa£ , 0 d ",,, 't' 'O"\. I t'o I , "a£ p o(J"n<; 'f eV07]Tat ",vft7Tta OooftaT" EXOVTOOIJ, \ oe .' Te 'J ptv e7T€ft " .r. - ftE'Yav , ~ ," Z EV<; 'f E B€OOV op"OV €IJ€t"at " B ' , , , , ' ~. 785 T'TJ"O EIJ €V xpvO"ev 7TPOX0'fl 7TO"VOOVVft0v VOoop I 7TOT' This line (a repetition of 768) is not found in the better MSS. brother of Death, even evil Night, wrapped in a vaporous cloud. And there the children of dark Night have their dwellings, Sleep and Death, awful gods. The glowing Sun never looks upon them with his beams, neither as he goes up into heaven, nor as he comes down from heaven. And the former of them roams peacefully over the earth and the sea's broad back and is kindly to men; but the other has a heart of iron, and his spirit within him is pitiless as bronze: whomsoever of men he has once seized he holds fast: and he is hateful even to the deathless gods. There, in front, stand the echoing halls of the god of the lower-world, strong Hades, and of awful Persephone. A fearful hound guards the house in front, pitiless, and he has a cruel trick. On those who go in he fawns with his tail and both his ears, but suffers them not to go out back again, but keeps watch and devours whomsoever he catches going out of the gates of strong Hades and awful Persephone. And there dwells the goddess loathed by the deathless gods, terrible Styx, eldest daughter of backflowing 1 Ocean. She lives apart from the gods in her glorious house vaulted over with great rocks and propped up to heaven all round with silver pillars. Rarely does the daughter of Thaumasj swift-footed Iris, come to her with a message over the sea's wide back. But when strife and quarrel arise among the deathless gods, and when anyone of them who live in the house of Olympus lies, then Zeus sends Iris to bring in a golden jug the great oath of the gods 1 Ocea.nus is here regarded as a continuou8 stream enclosinO' the earth and the seas, and so as flOWing back upon hims"lf.~ 135 HESIOD THEOGONY from far away, the famous cold water which trickles down from a high and beetling rock. Far under the wide-pathed earth a branch of Oceanus flows through the dark night out of the holy stream, and a tenth part of his water is allotted to her. With nine silverswirling streams he winds about the earth and the sea's wide back, and then falls into the main 1; but the tenth flows out from a rock, a sore trou ble to the gods. For whoever of the deathless gods that hold the peaks of snowy OJ ympus POUl'S a libation of her water and is forsworn, lies breathless until a full year is completed, and never comes near to taste ambrosia and nectar, but lies spiritless and voiceless on a strewn bed: and a heavy trance overshadows him. But when he has spent a long year in his sickness, another penance and an harder follows after the first. For nine years he is cut off from the eternal gods and never joins their councils or their feasts, nine full years. But in the tenth year he comes again to join the assemblies of the deathless gods who live in the house of Olympus. Such an oath, then, did the gods appoint the eternal and primaeval water of Styx to be: and it spouts through a rugged place. And there, all in their order, are the sources and ends of the dark earth and misty Tartarus and the unfruitful sea and starry heaven, loathsome and dank, which even the gods abhor. And there lire shining gates and an immoveable threshold of bronze having unending roots and it is gl'own of itself.2 And 1 The conception of Oceanus is here different: he has nine streamB which encircle the earth and the flow out into the "main" which appears to be the waste of waters On which, .ccording to early Greek and Hebrew cosmology, the disk· like eart,h floated. • i,e. the threshold i. of "native" metal, and not artificial. 137 THEOGONY HESIOD • A.' , 0 t'\ 8 A ~ 8 • , aUTO,/,U1J<;' 'TrPOtT €V OE eCt)IJ €ICTOtT €V a'TrQI'Tf!'I! " , , X' l'A. A T tT'I]V€<; VatOUtTt, 7r€P'l]V aeo<; ~o,/,epOtO, , \' A' I "\_ " I 815 aUTap €pttTfLapal'0to .... to<; IC"",tTOt €7rtICOVPOt t' , " "8ep.€'8"",0£<;, oWfLaTa Vat€TaOUtTW eTr" n HK€aVOtO '''1 ' T , 1JOE KOTTO<; (.J \ r'U'I]<;' B" ," ptap€WV ry€ fL€V 'l]vv" €OVTt:I ,\ 'E' CJ' , 'YafLf..JpoV €ov 'TrOt'l]tT€ f..JapUICTV'TrO~ vvotTt'Yato<;, o" 0' K UfLo7ro",€tav '" " 8v'YaT€pa ' 'l)V, ~ vWICe o€ 07rVt€tV, · , €'Tr€t , \ T tT'I)V(1.<; A UTap ." "'1:" a7r ovpavov €.. €",atT€V A Z€V~, A. ' r" " 07r",OTaTOV T€ICe 'Tratoa T v,/,w€a ata 7r€"'WP'l) TapTdpov €V ", , 820 At' ,~ ryv €ICaTOV IC€cpaA.a~ 8cpto~. O€tvo'io OpdKOVTO~, 825 , ' " A. " ' " , • o€ 0 ' Ot' " 'Y"'WtTtT'[)tTW ovo'/'€P'[)tTt "'€"'tYfLOT€~, €IC OtTtTOJV ' A.'" , . f l ' A" 8€tT'Tr€tTt'[)~ IC€,/,a"',[)tTW U7r O,/,PUtTt 'TrVp a~pVtTtT€V' , 0" A." " ICat€TO , " , 'TratT€OJv €IC IC€,/,a",€rov 7rVP oepICofL€vOtO' cpwva£ S' €V 7rdtT'[)tTtv gtTav O€wfi~ IC€cpaA.VtTt , 07r ",," "" \ryap ' 830 7raVTOt'l)v t€ttTat a'O'A. €tT,/,aTov' a",,,,OT€ fLEV ° A.O'€'Y'Y0V 0' rotTT€ d O€OttTt " tTvvt€fL€V, , "" '/' a",,,,OT€ . °" 'aUT€ , '0 ' '" " " Taupov €ptf..JpUX€ro. fL€VO~ atTX€TOU, OtTtTav a'Yavpov. "" " a",,,,OTe .,,, a",,,,OT€ " "",EOVTO<; avatO€a 0' 8ufLoV ' °0aUTe l , , 'au . 0 , -, " • ~ exovTo~, " "8" tTICv",aICetTtTtv €OtICoTa, aup.aT A aICovtTat. °,,'., ll' , . , °", - • , a",,,,OT€ au po ~etTX, V7TO 'l]xe€v ovpea p.aICpa. 83, ,,"'\ " " " , Kat VU IC€V €7T",€TO €pryov ap.1Jxavov 'YJfLan K€Wff " ICatI a' 8 ' "I: Kat, K€V 0~ "Ie 0V1JTOttTt avaTottTW avas€V, , "" 't" \ ' t"... 8 " T€. €t p.1J ap 0<, U V01JrT€ 7TaT1JIJ avopwv Te €WV , ' O"Q' \ "Q ' cf,1 '" "lata " tTIC""'JpOV 0 €f..JpOVT·1JtT€ Kat o!-'PtfLOV, afLf' O€ " tTp.epoaA.€ov Kova{j'l]tT€ Kd , 7TOVTO~ 13 8 T • 'n " ovpavo~ €vPU~ {}7TepOe ,\ I' uK€aVOV re poa, ICa£ raprapa , ryat'l)~. 840 beyond, away from all the gods, live the Titans, beyond gloomy Chaos. But the glorious allies of loud-crashing Zeus have their dwelling upon Ocean's foundations, even CoUus and Gyes; but Briareos, being goodly, the deep-roaring Eal·th-Shaker made his son-in-law, giving him Cymopolea his daughter to wed. But when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven, huge Earth bare her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite. Strength was with his hands in all that he did and the feet of the strong god were untiring. From his shoulders grew an hundred heads of a snake, a fearful dragon, with dark, flickering tongues, and from under the brows of his eyes in his marvellous heads flashed fire, and fire burned from his heads as he glared. And there were voices in all his dreadful heads which uttered every kind of sound unspeakable; for at one time they made sounds such that the gods understood, but at ar.other, the noise of a bull bellowing aloud in proud ungovernable fury; and at another, the sound of a lion, relentless of heart; and at another, sounds like whelps, wonderful to hear; and again, at another, he would hiss, so that the high mountains re-echoed. And truly a thing past help would have happened on that day, and he would have come to reign over mortals and immortals, had not the father of men and gods been quick to perceive it. But he thundered hard and mightily: and the earth around resounded terribly and the wide heaven above, and the sea and Ocean's streams and the nether parts of the earth. Great Olympus 139 F " ,I ~ "'", :; j: , , I , I;" HESIOD THEOGONY reeled beneath the divine feet of the king as he arose and earth groaned thereat. And through the two of them heat took hold on the dark-blue sea, through the thunder and lightning, and through the fire from the monster, and the scorching winds and blazing thunderbolt;. The whole earth seethed, and sky and sea: and the long waves raged along the beaches round and about, at the rush of the deathless gods: and there arose an endless shaking. Hades trembled where he rules over the dead below, and the Titans under Tartarus who live with Cronos, because of the unending clamour and the fearful strife. So when Zeus had raised ·up his might and seized his arms, thunder and lightning and lurid thunderbolt, he leaped from Olympus and struck him, and burned all the marvellous heads of the monster about him. But when Zeus had conquered him and lashed him with strokes, Typhoeus was hurled down, a maimed wreck, so that the huge earth groaned. And Aarne shot forth from the thunderstricken lord in the dim rugged glens of the mount,! when he was smitten. A great part of huge earth was scorched by the terrible vapour and melted as tin melts when heated by men's art in channelled 2 crucibles; or as iron, which is hardest of all things, is sOItened by glowing fire in mountain glens and I R: 8v., MSS. • Schol.: 'l'P~""" MSS. • MSS. and lobol.: •1t,''I'"lI', TzetzeL I According to Homer TyphoeuB was overwhelmed byZeuB amongst the Arimi in Oilicia. Pindar represents him as buried under Aetna, and Tzetzcs read Aetna in this passage, • The epithet (which means literally well-bored) leemB to refer to the .pout of the crucible. THEOGONY HESIOD T']KETal EV Xfiov, "" apa P£tE 7raAa}"rI'HV. , ,. UElcal '. 'If"UpO~ \ al'8 O}"EVO£O. T1IK€TO 'Yala w~ f,.. i3LrI vcp' 'HcpaluTou 8"" ~, \ ' T' , , OE }"tV U}"OJ aKaxwv E'> apTapov eupUV. t'1 "", , '\ 'EK oe TucpOJ~o~ EUT aVE}"6JV }"EVO'> U'YpOl' ,, a€VT6JV, , N'OTOU VOUcpl B ' OP€6J TE Kat'" ap'Y€UTEOJ Z"" E'f'UpOW . 870 " EK 8 €O'f'LV '''' 'Y€V€'],' 8 ' " }"E'l, OV€lap' " Ol~,. 'YE }"€lJ V,]Totr; • " .'t', aupal /" , , 8a/\,auuav '" . O£, 00' aAICOt}"a E7r£7rVElOUU£ I " "" , at'I\:" 0'] TO£ 7r£7rTOUUal €<; ,]€pOE£O€a 7rOVTOV, ., 7rry}"a }"E'Ya 8v11To'ir1"£, KaKa 8utouuLV aEAArI' ~ ~"' " aAAOTE 0~,. aAAa£ aElUI o£aa KtoVaU£ T€ v']a,> vaVTa~ TE " 8 ' ¢ €IPOuut' KaKOU,. to' 0 " 875 ',,\ ' au 'Yl'YVETal aICK'] , t' I .\ I I \ 'v OV. avopauLV, at KElVTlUt UuVaVT6JVTa£ KaTa 'If"0 T \"',,, , \ . . " ' 8 ' at 0 au Ka£ KaTa 'Yalav U7r€£PITOV av E}"O€UUav "" €paTa''''8' "8 ' €P'Y 'f' €£POUUt xa}"at'Y€VE6JV av POJ7r6JV " " " 7r1}"7rA€£aat KOVlO~ TE Kat ap'Ya/\,EOU KOICOUUpTOU. ' \ E7rH , AUTap I ",,' " ~ f pa 7rOVOV ' }"aKap€'> 8 EO£ I 880 't: h. E<;;ETE/\,Euuav, t, , , (3'HI I, T£T']VEUUt oE TL}"awv KpwaVTO f "" " " , S~ pa TOT WTpUVOV (3aUtA€U€}"EV ') E avaUUEtV , 0' , cppao}"ouuVIJ ' •0 a' 8 avaTwv' Z€v<; Se '0"ICU}"'lf"£OV ' " Z"']V EVpU07ra ., ~ ~, , oe TO/UIV ear; O/EoauuaTO TL}"a.,. 0' 8ewv " (3auIAtiV~ 7rPWT']V l1Aoxov 885 8ETo Mi1rw loviav ioe 9V')TWV iiv9pc:,W'wv. iiM.' [)re /)~ lip' 1 lp.eil.iI.€ 9€cw yil.avKW7T"£V ' A(J~!"lv W'il.e'iuTa T€ T€i;€u&at, TOT' E7rEITa OOA9:' cpPEva<; f , 11'\' I 8 . 0' 890 a/nuAlo£u£ AO'YOIULV E']V eUKaT ETO V"fJOVV 1':;£,]<; cppao}"ouvvvut Kal Ovpavou aUT€p6EVTO~. melts in the divine earth through the strength of Hephaestus. 1 Even so, then, the earth melted in the glow of the blazing fire. And in the bitterneso of his anger Zeus cast him into wide Tartarus. And from Typhoeus come boisterous winds which blow damply, except Notus and Boreas and clear Zephyr. These are a god-sent kind, and a great blessing to men; but the others blow fitfully upon the sea. Some rush upon the misty sea and work great havoc among men with their evil, raging blasts; for varying with the season they blow, scattering ships and destroying sailors. And men who meet these upon the sea have no help against the mischief. Others again over the boundless, flowering earth spoil the fair fields of men who dwell below, filling them·with dust and cruel uproar. But when the blessed gods had finished their toil, and settled by force their struggle for honours with the Titans, they pressed far-seeing Olympian Zeus to reign and to rule over them, by Earth's prompting. So he divided their dignities amongst them. Now Zeus, king of the gods, made Metis his wife first, and she was wisest among gods and mortal men. But when she was about to bring forth the goddess bright-eyed Athene, Zeus craftily deceived her with cunning words and put her in his own belly, as Earth and starry Heaven advised. For they advised him I The fire god. There is no reference to volcanic action: iron 1 I4l1 Fick: ~~ ~'" DGHI: SIJ f, Ell': 31r f Ifl"""" KL. WIlo8 smelted on Mount Ida; cp. Epigram. of H omtr, ix. 2-4.. 143 HESIOD THEOGONY TW~ ryap oi cppaCTaT11v, tva J1-~ (3acrlA'1[oa TlJ1-rJv ' I avn' 8 €wv"aie£ryelJeTawv. , , '" rt ',.I.. I , 8 eIC ryap T'1~ €iJ1-apTO 7rept'l'pova TeICva ryevea at' 895 7rPWT'f1" flEV ICOlJP'1V "I AaViCW7rlOa T PlT0"lEli€taV ,. JI , '1rJ.. (3' I taov exovaav 7raTpt" J1-evo~ iCat e7ri'l'pova O""''1V' atJ1"dp ~7r€tT' apa 7ratoa 8e(;w (3aaiA~a iCat avopwv " , , 't eO' 8ai, v7ref '-I (3toV '1TOP • " '1fle",,,,ev Te. €XOVTa' ',,' apa " J1-LV Z ev~ ' 7rpoa 8'" I 8eTO V'/OUV, •I a",,,, tV e'1v eaiCaT t" 'e" , W~ 0'1 Ot',I,. 'l'paaaatTO ,ea arya 8ov T€ iCaiCOV Te. 900 ' A I " , ,.010' A' LJ.eVTepOV 'l]ryaryeTo "'t7rap'lv o/<J€J1-LV, '/ TeiCev ,,"\.'\ a",I\.O~ " €XOt A" ulO~ f "npa~, A' ' " " E VVOflt'1v Te LJ.t/C'I]V Te Kat'E"tP'l]V'1V T€ ea",Vtav, a~ €pry' rup€VOvat /CaTa8v'l]TOtat (3,?OTOtat, 8" ,v~ 7r",€"TT'1V " , 7rope fl'1neTa ' Z €V~, ' ' M Otpa~ TlJ1-'1V ' K '",w ax€aLV Te Kat'''ATP07rOV, atT€ 8W Te A" " .OtOOVUt " av ' 8pW7rOtalV ' " 'e'ov T€ /Ca/Cov, T€. 8 V'1TOt~ €'){,€lV arya T pet~ OE oi Evpvvofl'l] 90. XaptTa~ TEK€ iCaAA£- 1 7rapvOV~, 'n /C€avou"iCOVP'l], ' ..', exovua, , AryAat'rJv Te iCal Evcppouvv'I]v @aA['I]V T' €paT€tV~v' TWV /Cal a7rO (3Aecpapwv ~po~ €r(3€TO 0€piCOJ1-el1 awV 910 , , 1 , ' . , 8" ',J,' • ' "'VUtJ1-e",'1~' /Ca",ov De V7r , 0'l'pva£ O€p/cLOWVTal. AVTap 0 A~J1-'I]TpO~ 7rOAVCPOp(3'1<; e<; AJXO~ ryA8€v, ry T€/c€ IT'paecpov'I]v i\WiCWA€VOV, ~v 'Atowv€v~ d • , , "'" ., , Z' '1p7raue 'I]~ 7rapa J1-'I]TpO~' €OW/C€ De fl'1TleTa €V~. ]1,1 V'1floavv'I]~ 0' egavTI~ epauuaTo iCaAA£iC0J1-0LO, 915 eg ry~ oi Movaat xpVUap7rUiCe<; egery€VOVTO ' 1 /Cat"Tep,/, ./. ." ,vvea, TVatV aoov 8a",iat l~ 'aolO'1~' ' . ' 'A " , ' "A . , ' A 'l]TW 0 7ro",,,,wva /Cat pTefliv loxeatpav, " I , iJ1-€pOeVTa ryovov 7r€pt" 7raVTWV 0'vpaviwvwv, / , , , , , , A',l..i\' " 920 YEwaT ap atrylOXOtO LJ.tO~ '1'£ OT'1T1 fltryetua. " 144 " d. ' 7rOi\ v'I]paTov €LOO~ so, to the end that no other should hold royal sway over the etemal gods in place of Zeus; for very wise children were destined to be born of her, first the maiden bright-eyed Tritogeneia, equal to her father in strength and in wise understanding; but afterwards she was to bear a son of overbearing spirit. king of gods and men. But Zeus put her into his own belly first, that the goddess might devise for him both good and evil. Next he married bright Themis who bare the Horae (Hours), and Eunomia (Order), Dike (Justice), and blooming Eirene (Peace), who mind the works of mortal men, and the Moerae (Fates) to whom wise Zeus gave the greatest honour, Clotho, and Lachesis, and Atropos who give mortal men evil and good to have. And Eurynome, the daughter of Ocean, beautiful in form, bare him three fair-cheeked Charites (Graces), Aglaea, and Euphrosyne, and lovely Thaleia, from whose eyes as they glanced flowed love that unnerves the limbs: and beautiful is their glance beneath their brows. Also he came' to the bed of all-nourishing Demeter, and she bare white-armed Persephone whom Aldoneus carried off from her mother; but wise Zeus gave her to him. And again, he loved Mnemosyne with the beautiful hair: and of her the nine gold-crowned Muses were born who delight in feasts and the pleasures of song. And Leto was joined in love with Zeus who holds the aegis, and bare Apollo and Artemis delighting in arrows, children lovely above all the sons of Heaven. 145 HESIOD THEOGONY AOU,.OoTaT'1]V 8' "Hp'1]v OaAep~v 7rot>/CTaT' /1"0'- " f /-ltv K pOVto"l~ .'~'"'" TovveKa v 'I' .~ U'Y0~ at'0' €pt va [ruv , 'I::' •• ' , I II"'''' '·"AO' Ka7r7rteV €sa7rwlJ~' lJ ° aUT "a a",tl.ao lJVlJV I , ' J I "0;:-'" KVCTaTO' T"IV /-I€V €Tt"T€ 7raT"IP avopwv Te 0" €WV TE , KOPV","IV ri.'T' " "ox 0 '[lCTW 7r0Ta/-l0W. " 7rap ptTruVO~ €7r " . Z "IVO~ ' V7rO " CT7r...",a'YXVOt~ ' ...",€",a ... 0 uta " °. 'aUTIi M lJTt~ .j]CTTO, ' AO"lva[lJ~ /-I1/T'YJP, T€KTatva 8t"a[ruv 7rAe'iO'Ta O€WV Te l8v'ia KaTaOV"ITWV T' avOpw7rruv, IlvOa oea 7rap€8€"TO ;JOw 8 7raAa/-lat~ 7r€pl 7rltVTruV Lastly, he made Hera his blooming wife: and she was joined in love with the king of gods and men, and brought forth Hebe aud Ares and EiIeithyia. But Zeus himself gave birth from his own head to bright-eyed Tritogeneia,l the awful, the strife-stirring, the host-leader, the unwearying, the queen, who delights in tumults and wars and battles. But Hera without union with Zeus-for she was very angry and quarrelled with her mate-bare famous Hephaestus, who is skilled in crafts more than all the sons of Heaven. But Hera was very angry and quarrelled with her mate. And because of this strife she bare without union with Zeus who holds the aegis a glorious son, Hephaestus, who excelled all the sons of Heaven in crafts. But Zeus lay with the fair-cheeked daughter of Ocean and Tethys apart from Hera .•. deceiving Metis (Thought) although she was full wise. But he seized her with his hands and put her in his belly, for fear that she might bring forth something stronger than his thunderbolt: therefore did Zeus, who sits on high and dwells in the·aether, swallow her down suddenly. But she straightway conceived Pallas Athene: and the father of men and gods gave her birth by way of his head on the banks of the river Trito. And she remaiued hidden beneath the inward parts of Zeus, even Metis, Athena's mother, worker of righteousness, who was wiser than gods and mortal men. There the goddess (Athena) received that 2 whereby she excelled in strength all the death- 1 Restored by Peppmiiller. The nineteen following line. from another recension of lines 889-900, 92 1 Athena, who was hom .. on the bank. of the river Trii;o" (cp. 1. 929 1). the aegis. Line 929' is probably spurious, since it disagrees with 929q ..nd contains a suspioiou. reference to Athe1ll. TtV· ~ 8"/H(3'1]v "al"AplJa leal ElAe[OUtav IlTt"TE ,."'XOe'iCT' ev TtAOTlJTt OEWV (3aCT£Af)£ "at av8pwv. AIITo~ 8' e" "EcpaAf)~ 'YAau"w7rt8a TptT0'Y€v€tav ~ " 't' " ' f oetvlJv €'Ype"uoot/-£Ov a'YeCTTpaTOV aTfUTWV"lV 925 , ' . .. ' . .. ' 7r0Tv£aV, '[l "€,,,aoot T€ aoov 7r0tl.€/-£O£ T€ /-Iaxat Te, "HflJ 8"/H~atO'TOv "AUTOV 011 CPtAOT?JT£ /-It'Y€'iCTa 'Y€iVaTO, "at ~a/-l€VlJCTE "at ~PtO'€ rP 7rapa"otT'[l, " I I 0'vpavtwvwv. , e" 7raVTWV TliXV'{JCTt "1i"aCT/-I€VOV <"HplJ 8E ~a/-l€V"ICTIi Kal ~PtCTIi rP 7rapaKoiT'[l.1 929' ~ t>. ' I ri. I , " Ii" TavTlJ~ ° €PtoO~ 'I /-I€V T€Ke ",a£ot/-l0v vwv "HcpatCTTOv, CPtAOT"ITO~ I1Tlip 2 ~tO~ al'YtoXotO, " 7raVTWV 7ra",a/-l'[lCTt "\ , ' 0 "vpavtwvruvliK K€KaCT/-I€VOV • , • " n " ' T 0 f , , aVTap ° 'Y ~"K€aVOV "a. "I vo~ "IVKO/-l0tO KOVP'[l VOCTcp"/HplJ~ 7rapeA€~aTO KaAAt7rap>/rp, .. . .' , , .'.f • • * • 'I::U7ra",ruv ri.' M"lJTtV Kat7rep , ... • f "€OVCTav. " liS 7rO",v0"lV€ ' .. I" ~'ff , r' , I 0 '\ CTV/-I/-IUP 'I' a~ 0 "Ie X€PCTtv €"IV €'YKUT €TO VlJ OVJI • , O€'CTa~, [46 ° I. "T€,,'[l t : "paT€pWT€POV ' ,'...... "epavvov. " /-IlJ a",,,,o i... • .c. 147 i :!i i ,, ,:! II HESIOD THEOGONY ' l' 8' Ot~ '0'/\,vfL7rta ' •' , EXOVUtV, " a,8 avarwv ~N:€N:au oWfLar [alryloa 7rot1}uaua cpo{1erIrparov evro~ 'A81}v1)~'] ,,..,,, "'\, ",.. rrvv rv EryElyarO p,tv 7rO/\,EfL'1ta rwx!! Exovuav.> 929' cp&- 936 less ones who dwell in Olympus, she who made the host-scaring weapon of Athena. And with it (Zeus) gave her birth, arrayed in arms of war. And of Amphitrite and the loud-roaring EarthShaker was born great, wide-ruling Triton, and he owns the depths of the sea, living with his dear mother and the lord his father in their golden house, an awful god. Also Cytherea bare to Ares the shield-piercer Panic and Fear, terrible gods who drive in disorder the close ranks of men in numbing war, with the help of Ares, sacker of towns; and Harmonia whom high-spirited Cadmus made his wife. And Maia, the daughter of Atlas, bare to Zeus glorious Hermes, the herald of the deathless gods, for she went up into his holy bed. And Semele, daughter of Cadmus was joined with him in love and bare him a splendid son, joyous Dionysus,-a mortal woman an immortal son. And now they both are gods. And Alcmena was joined in love with Zeus who drives the clouds and bare mighty Heracles. And Hephaestus, the famous Lame One, made Aglaea, youngest of the Graces, his buxom wife. And golden-haired Dionysus made brown-haired Ariadne, the daughter of Minos, his bnxom wife: and the son of Cronos made her deathless and unageing for him. And mighty Heracles, the valiant son of neatankled Alcmena, when he had finished his grievous toils, made Hebe the child of great Zeus and goldshod Hera his shy wife in snowy Olympus. Happy he I For he has finished his great work and lives 149 THEOGONY HESIOD 955 960 'Tf'€t~ " f'€V '" , "0" ~ , , eXOVTE~, ~ vvv XatpET , ""Vf'7Tta OWf'aT " , T'" ' "€VoO ~ 0t 7TOVTO~. ' V'1UO£ '17TEtPOt, TE "a.'" a""f'vpo~ " OE .. , 0' " '.. , VVV Eawv ","" ,/,V""OV a€tuaT€, '10V€7T€tat 965 '0'"""v f'7TtaoE~) '.. "ovpat " " M ovuat A' utot; , , atrytoxoto, " 7Tap • avopau£v , '" ' 0 €£uat " ouuat 0'1 0V'1TOtut €VV'1J d "" I , 0 " 'e7Ttet"e""a I" , a'0' avaTat ry€tVaVTo eot~ Te"va. A' 'II ' " "eryetvaTO, ota "'"0' U'l]f''1T'1P f'€V ""OVTOV ea(J)V, 'Iauiwv' f]pwt f'trye'iu' epaTfj ¢tAOT'l]Tt 970 " Tpt7TOMP, ''-' K P'1T'I]t; I , , to , V€trp. . €Vt /iV 7TWVt 0'1f''l', '0 "o~·/itU "" '" €U ""OV, /i7Tt" ry'1V Til Kat" evp€a VWTa 0'" a""auu'l]<; f'/ 7TaVT'1' Trp O€ TVXOVTt "a, OV IC €~ Y€tpa~ t"'1Tat, , "'., ", '''0 ", ' " I " f ' -, a TOV 0 a,/,ve£Ov € '1ICe, 7TO""VV o€ Ot W7Tauel' O"'f-J0V' Kaof'tp 0' 'Apf'ov['1, OuryaT'1P XPVU€"lt; 'A¢poI ,.. ~\ , \.."... O[T'I]~, 975 'Ivc:, "at !,ef'€A'I]V "al 'Aryau1JV "aAAt7Tapyov ' , 0'· " 'A ptUTawt; "a ' AVTOVO'l]V ,'I]V ry"lf'EV f-Ja 0VxatT'I]<;, '¥e[vaTo Kal IIoAvowpov eVUT€¢avtp evt ®>if3V' ' 0'" 'n "X ' ' K oVP"l uICeavov, pvuaopt ICapTepo 0 Vf''l' I-"XOe'iu' ~v ¢tAOT"lTt 7TOAVXpvuov 'A amongst the undying gods, untroubled and unaging all his days. And PerseYs, the daughter of Ocean, bare to unwearying Helios Circe and Aeetes the king. And Aeetes, the son of Helios who shows light to men, took to wife fair-cheeked Idyia, daughter of Ocean the perfect stream, by the will of the gods: and she was subject to him in love through golden Aphrodite and bare him neat-ankled Medea. And now farewell, you dwellers on Olympus and you islands and continents and thou briny sea within. Now sing the company of goddesses, sweet-voiced Muses of Olympus, daughter of Zeus who holds the aegis,-even those deathless ones who lay with mortal men and bare children like unto gods. Demeter, bright goddess, was joined in sweet love with the hero !asion in a thrice-ploughed fallow in the rich land of Crete, and bare Plutus, a kindly god who goes everywhere over land and the sea's wide back, and him who finds him and into whose hands he comes he makes rich, bestowing great wealth upon him. And Harmonia, the daughter ot golden Aphrodite, bare to Cadmus Ino and Semele and fair-cheeked Agave and Autonoe whom long haired Aristaeus wedded, and Polydorus also in rich-crowned Thebe. And the daughter of Ocean, Callirrhoe was joined in the love of rich Aphrodite with stout hearted Chrysaor and bare a son who was the strongest of all men, Geryones, whom mighty Heracles killed in seagirt Erythea for the sake of his shambling oxen. HF..5IOD THEOGONY And Eos bare to Tithonus brazen-crested Memnon, king of the Ethiopians, and the Lord Emathion. And to Cephalus she bare a splendid son, strong Phaethon, a man like the gods, whom, when he was a young boy in the tender flower of glorious youth with childish thoughts, laughter-loving Aphrodite seized and caught up and made a keeper of her shrine by night, a divine spirit. And the son of Aeson by the will of the gods led away from AeHes the daughter of AeHes the heaven-nurtured king, when he had finished the many grievous labours which the great king, overbearing Pelias, that olltrageous and presumptuous doer of violence, put upon him. But when the Son of Aeson had finished them, he came to Iolcus after long toil bringing the coy-eyed girl with him on his swift ship, and made her his buxom wife. And she was subject to Iason, shepherd of the people, and bare a son Medeus whom Cheiron the son of Philyra brought up in the mountains. And the will of great Zeus was fulfilled. But of the daughters of Nereus, the Old man of the Sea, Psamathe the fair goddess, was loved by Aeacus through golden Aphrodite and bare Phocus. And the silver-shod goddess Thetis was subject to Peleus and brought forth lion-hearted Achilles, the destroyer of men. And Cytherea with the beautiful crown was joined in sweet love with the hero Anchises and bare Aeneas on the peaks of Ida with its many wooded glens. And Circe the daughter of Helius, Hyperion's son, loved steadfast Odysseus and bare Agrius and Latinus who was faultless and strong: also she brought fortb 153 HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAF , , • • , XpUIT€IJV "A.I." [T'T/",E'Y0VOV °. ' .ap, €Tt/CT€ ota 't'poo,- Telegonus by the will of golden Aphrodite. And they ruled over the famous Tyrsenians, very far off in a recess of the holy islands. And the bright goddess Calypso was joined to Odysseus in sweet love, and bare him Nausithoiis and Nausinoiis. These are the immortal goddesses who lay with mortal men and bare them children like unto gods. TIJV.l] 1015 ot o~ Tot fU1Aa T1]AE p,uxfP ViJITruv ieparuv " T ..., "\ ,.. " 7raITtv UPU'T/votlTtv a'Ya/C,,€tTOtITtV avalTuov. NaUITU]oov 0' 'OOUIT1]t KaAutt1 ota B€aruv 'Y€[vaTo NauIT[voov T€ p,t'YetIT' epaTV <. " O€ .\ 'YuvatKruv ".I."" , N UV 't'u/\,ov a€tITaT€, 'T/oU€7rEtat '0 ,. " A \ " " at'Ytoxoto. M ouuat AUp,7rtaO€<;, /Coupat 1..1£0r; • • • • But now, sweet-voiced Muses of Olympus, daughters of Zeus who holds the aegis, sing of the company of women. r Ii I : 'ii :1, '! KATAAorOI rTNAIKflN. HOIAI 1. Scholias! on Apolloniu8 Rhodiu8 Arg. iii. 1086. [)Tt IT pop,'T/fJeru~ /Ca~ I1povot'T/~ 2 uior; ~eu/CaA[ruv .i THE CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE I !'J 1. That Deucalion was the son of Prometheus and Pronoea, Hesiod states in the first Catalogue, as also that Hellen was the son of Deuealiou aud Pyrrha. 2. 2. Joanne3 Lydus,S de Mens. i. 13. AaT[vour; p,~v \' 'I' r pat/Cour; \.\ \ <" ' Tour; €7rtxrupta~OvTa~, O€ TOur; €"'''''T/Vt~OVTa~ 1'". €/Ca'JI.ouv " a7rO "A anvou ' ••• /Cat' r pat/Cou '" TruV aoe'JI.rpwv, wr; rp'T/ITtV 'HIT[ooo~ ev KaTaA0'Y0tr;' They came to call those who followed local manners Latins, but those who followed Hellenic customs Greeks, after the brothers Latinus and Graecus; as H esiod says: I Omitted by D, EUBt..thiuB, ..nd Laurentian Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius iii. 200. • Sittl: na.MpaJ. scholiast. 3 An antiquarian writer of Byzantium, c. 490-570 A.D. I A catalogue of heroines each of whom was intronuced with the word. ~ or~, "Or like her." 154 ISS CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE HESIOD , toe, , , "',\ /COVp'l} a ev fLe'YapouTtV a'Yavov L.l.w/CaAtruvo~ IIavowp'l} Llti 7raTpL, BEWV rI'I}fLaVTOpt 7ravTruv, I-'txBetrI' €V CPtAOT'I}Tt T€/cEV rpar/COV fL€V€Xapfl-'I}v. " And in the pabee Pandora the daughter of noble Deucalion was joined in love with father Zeus, leader of all the gods, and bare Graecus, staunch in battle." 3. C'on~tantinus Porphyrogenitus,1 de Them. 2 p. 48n. Ma/C€oovta .) xwpa (wvol-'auB'I}) am) Ma/C€oovo~ ' "A " • Tav" A uto~ /Ca I"'" ~vLa~ TriO; L.J.€v/Ca."'Lruvo~, 08 CP'l}UtV 'Hu{ooo~' ~ V7ro/Cvual-'€V'I} LlLl 'YelvaTO TEp7Tt/cEpavvru · ' 0" t7r7rtoxapfl-'I}v, " v e ovru M' 1 a'YV'I}Ta M a/C'I}oova ., \ I I ' \ "0' • , , " OL 7rEP' L€PL'1V /Ca, "vfl-7rOV oWfl-aT €vawv. 0' r "', • Ma'Yv'1o; 0' O€/cT€a. av * • • LlL/cTVV T€ /Cat aVTtO€oV IIoAv- 4. Plutarch, Mor. p. 747 ; Schol. on Pindar Pyth. iv. 263. "EAA?)VO~ 0' €"I€VOVTO cptA07rTOA€fl-0V {JaUtAT]O~ Llwp6~ T€ Sor;oo~ T€ /Cai AtOAO<; i7T7Ttoxapl-''1~. AloALoat o· €'Y€VOYTO B€I-'LUT07TOAOt {JaUtAT]E<; Kp'1BEVo; ~o' 'ABafl-a<; /Cal 2.{uv<po~ alOAofl-'1Tt~ ""a",l-'ruv€vo; /CaL'" V7TEP Bvl-'0~ IEPt1)P·'1~. "" " " '1' aot/Co~ ". I' 5. Scholiast on ApolloniuB Rhodiu8, Arg. iv. 266. oi , "A .... ' " a7TO ,-,,€v/Ca"LWvo~ TO" "IEVO, €XOVTe~ J'{J' € au Lt-€VOV ®EuuaAia~, Q)~ 6. , Idem, i. 482. 'AArula8a~ €W~ 15 6 "1,.1.. '=" 'l'tI-'EO€La~ /Cat • ••• 'Hulaoo, o~ 'AAru, , , "\ .... ~, , /CaT E7rL/C"''I}Ul.V, TaL<; DE aA'I}- 3. The district Macedonia took its name from Macedon the son of Zeus and Thyia, Deucalion's daughter, as Hesiod says: " And she conceived and hare to Zeus who delights in the thunderbolt two sons, Magnes and Macedon, rejoicing in horses, who dwell round about Pieria and Olympus.... And Magnes again (begot) Dictys and godlike Polydectes." 4. "And from Hellen the war-loving king sprang Dorns and Xuthus and Aeolus delighting in horses. And the sons of Aeo\ug, kings dealing justice, were Cretheus, and Athamas, and clever Sisyphus, and wicked Salmoneus and overbold Perieres." 5. Those who were descended from Deucalion used to rule over Thessaly as Hecataeus and Hesiod say. 6. Aloladae. Hesiod said they were sons of Aloeus, -called so after him,-and of Iphimedea, but in 1 Constantine VII... Born in the Porphyry Chamber," gOS--g59 .... D. 157 I I HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOlAE 8€lat~ IIoCT€tSwvo~ Kat 'I1"'J,fSE{a~ l¢1J, Kat' AXOl1 reality, sons of Poseidon and Iphimedea, and that Alus a city of Aetolia was founded by their father. " A''TW"'ta~ ,\' V7rO ",. , 7rO",tV TOV "...." 8 7raTpO~ aVTWV EKT£CT at. 7. 7. Bp-rlin Papyri 7497 and Oxyrhynchu8 Papyri, 42I.1 [Evpvl'o,u1J NiCTOV 8V'YUT1JP fIav]otOvlSao, [Try V 71"UCTaV TeXV1JV EOl(l]a~aTO fIaAi\a,~ 'A8~V1J, [,u~OEa lO,uOCTVV'Y/V T' E7ri· 019]82 'Yap lCTa 8EOlCTt. [8ECT7r€CTl'Y/ 0' oo,ury 71"apa, €7]fLaTO'i UP'YV¢WlO [OpVVTO Kwv,uev'Y/~' fJAE¢apwv] 0' am) eloo, &'Y/TO. [Ti)~ 0' &p rAavKo~ 'A8'Y/vai}!1' 71"€tp~CTaTo fJovi\al~, ,., €",aCTa ',\ i\'] , " fJ OV, ~. a",,,, ov Tt uto , voov a''YtOXoto €'Y vw ' 0 ,u[ ~v OWfOt~ OtsNfLEVO\, ryAOE 'Yvva£Ka 10 fJovAV 'AB[ 'Y/va,'Y/~' 0 0' &va;] VE(pEA'Y/'YEP€Ta ZEU[, ' ["aVEVEVE K] ap'Y/aTt I " " a'8 avaTWV ,u'l71"OT 07r'!-T [ pOVI' 3 €CTCT€CTBa, 7T[ aloa\' •.. ]I'TOV 2;LCTv¢loao. ;, o~ IIoCTE[,oawvo\, EV] a'YKolvrJCTt fLt'Y6£(Ta I ri\avKov EV' [OrKIP €TtKT€V] a,uv,u6va B6Ai\[ €po¢6v~V U "I! ' E<;0XOV av PW7rWV •• KT'Y/t E7T a7rE'pOVa 7T OVTOV. T(P O~ Kat ~[AaCTKOVTt 7Ta ]Tryp 71"Op6 fI~'YaCTO[V, &, ory " [ 7TT€PV'lECTCT' , ' " [" , WKVTaTOV .,.,EpWl' 'YE'] /Ltv E7rTE T aTElp'l~ , '['a X8 ova\ •• • €7TE! , \''lVT aJ]''Y/Tat " 7TaVT'Y/ av La"[A€ , ""[ I 'rI.. X'',uELpav, 20 CTVV TIP 71"V P 7TllEtoVCTa.ll E",Wll KaTE'TrE.,.,Il€ 'Yi),uE o~ 71"[ alOa ¢ii\1Jv ,u€'YaA1ITOpOI' 'IofJaTao . alSolov fJaCT[Li\i)o, , KOtpaVOI' a • • • ry TE[ K€ ••• I [ '",\ "\ , , ' I 8r ' ] ,',' [' '" I f,\ , \ I Berlin Papyri, 7497 (left-hand fragment) and Oxy. rhynch1t8 Par,yri, 421 (right-hand fragment). For tIie restoration see Cla,~:J. Q~/art. vii. 217-8. 2 olg]E : In, nx. Pflp. I' 611"~[rpollr, fl,1f(l~]"'(", O~. Pap. , rAG.VICCiI *r (not FT), Berl. Pap. . IS8 " .•. Eurynome the daughter of Nisus, Pandion's son, to whom Pallas Athena taught all her art, both wit and wisdom too; for she was as wise as the gods. A marvellous scent rose from her silvern raiment as she moved, and beauty was wafted from her eyes. Her, then, GJaucus sought to win by Athena's advising, and he drove oxen 1 for her. But he knew not at all the intent of Zeus who holds the aegis. So Glaucus came seeking her to wife with gifts; but cloud-driving Zeus, king of the deathless gods, bent his head in oath that the ... son of Sisyphus should never have children born of one father.2 So she lay in the arms of Poseidon and bare in the house of Glaucus blameless Bellerophon, surpassing all men in ... over the boundless sea. And when he began to roam, his father gave him Pegasus who would bear him most swiftly on his wings, and flew unwearying everywhere over the earth, for like the gales he would course along. With him Bellerophon caught and slew the fire-breathing Chimera. And he wedded the dear child of the great-hearted Iobates, the worshipful king .•. lord (of) ••. and she bare..•• " 1 As the price to be given to her father for her: 80 in fliad xviii. 593 maidens are called" earners of oxen." Possibly Glaucus, like Aias (fr. 68, II. 55 If.), raided ixtl."a,) the cattle of others. , i.t. Glaucus should rather the children of others. The curse of Aphrodite on the daughters of Tyndareus (fr. 67) may be compared (.a.,,, 159 [' HESlOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 8. 8. Schoriast on Apolloni1bs Rlwdi1LS AT!!. iv. 57. TOJI o~ 'Evou/1-[wva 'H H esiod says that End ymion was the son of Aeth Iius the son of Zeus and Cal yee, and received the gift from Zeus: "(To he) keeper of death for his own self when he was ready to die." Kal Ka"A,vK')~, 7rapa !J,.,o~ elA')tP0m TO 8wpov .,IV 0 aUTCfJ , "e' '" , , Or.W· ',' Bat. aVaTOlJ Ta/iM)<; OTe'fLEr.r.Ot ~, 9. Scholiast Ven. on j[omeT, fl. xi. 750. 'A.KTOp{"'V€ :VIOALOVE. • •• 'II <Tioeo, "AICTOPO> ICaT' hrtICA') alJTOU,> ryeyevert"0'Y')ICEV, ryovCfJ OE IIo , ,\ Porphyr'i1Ls, Q1Laest. Ilom. ad Iliad. pert., 265. . , Ap£ n~o"" DE OlOU/1-0U, aICOUEt OUX ••• 0 i Ot ' ') ' ," ~rf... .. '=" " OVTa <; Kat'01( ilW UICoTa, u7l,AJ/7I,0£<;. XPWfLEVO'>, ICal TOU~ 9. The two sons of Actor and Molione..•• Hesiod has given their descent by calling them after Actor and Molione.; but their father was Poseidon. But Aristarchus is informed that they were twins, not ... such as were the Dioscuri, but, on Hesiod's testimony, double in form and with two bodies and joined to one another. 10. Bnt Hesiod says that he changed himself in onc of his wonted shapes and perched on the yoke-boss of Heracles' horses, meaning to fight with the hero; but that Heracles, secretly instructed by Athena, wounded him mortally with an arrow. And he says as follows: " . . . and lordly Periclymenus. Happy he! For earth-shaking Poseidon gave him all manner of gifts. At one time he would appear among birds, an eagle; and again at another he would be an ant, a marvel to see; and then a shining swarm of bees; and again at another time a dread relentless snake. 161 HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 11. And he possessed all manner of gifts which cannot be told, and these then ensnared him through the devising of A thene," StephanU8 of Byzantium, •• .,. rep'Y/vta. ~ .. ' N 'Y/"''Y/0~ ... " 'l'a",a(J'L'f'povo~ ... I", " , 0'" , /c'I'€£ve OE VLEa~ EIJ" "ov~ ~ .. .. .. ' .. ' r ' . , N' €voe/Ca, OWOE/Ca'l'O~ oe ep'Y/vw~ L7T7TO'l'a EIJ"'I'WP ,.. " , ,. to , r ep'Y/voL~. " st:'eLVO~ €mv €'I'VX'Y/U€ 71'ap, L7T7I'00ap,OLuL f • N ~U'I'Wp • • * olo~ l1A.v~ev ev avOep,oevT£ rep~v'tl. 12. Eustathius, Hom. 1796. 39. T"IA.ep,ax'tl 8' I1p' ~T£/C'I'€V €VSWVO~ IloA.vte&uT'Y/' N eu'I'opo~ ()7f' A.o'l'a'l'''I /cOVP"I N 'Y/A."ILaOaO, IlepuE7ToA.LV p,LxOe'iua OLd, XPVd'€'Y/V 'Acf>poOl'l''Y/v, 13. Scholiast on Homer, Od. xii. 69. Tvpcl>.f] :'SaA., ~ .. , "0 'II ouewwvo~, 0" N'Y/"ea ... , p'WVEW~ EXOVlJ"a ovo 7TaLoa~ E/C 'I'll /Cal IlIlA.tav, gry"lp,e Kp~O€a, /Cat lUX€L 71'a'ioa~ '1: av'l'ov ' " 'l'P€L~, "A"Luova /Cat\,,,-' €!; '¥€p'Y/Ta /Ca£"A p,v 0' aova. Aluovo~ oE /CaL IloA.vp,~o"l~ /CaO' 'HULooov rytvllTa£ ralJ"wv. N · ' 0 ' 'mov ' ' 1"Iuova, ' I ... " o~·'l'e/C€ 7TOLp,eva ",awv, A£uwv, • X'tpwV e~O pe't' ev£ II. 'Y/",L'l' ... ' V"'Y/€VT£. ....' ov .r"" 14. Petrie Papyri (eel. Mahaffy), PI. III. 3. , ... ] LTOtO " ava/cTO~ " arya/C,,€ ]7I'0SW""I~ S;;' 'ATaA.avT'Y/ .... " 0 vrya'l''Y/p. I ]X' , I ,,, ~xoLv'70<; ap£Twvap,apvryp,aT €xovua. rupal'Y/ 71'ep eovu' a7T ]avalvll'l'o cf>VA.OV op,o;;ov avSpwv fJoVA.op,tlV"l cf>66ry6]W y&,lJJ)v aMP'Y/u'l'awv. [62 11. "(Heracles) slew the noble sons of steadfast Neleus, eleven of them; but the twelfth, the horseman Gerenian Nestor chanced to be staying with the horse-taming Gel'enians. . Nestor alone escaped in flowery Gerenon." 12. "So well-girded Polycaste, the youngest daughter of Nestor, N eleus' son, was joined in love with Telemachus through golden Aphrodite and bare Persepolis. " 13. Tyro the daughter of Salmoneus, having two sons by Poseidon, N eleus and Pelias, married Cretheus, and had by him three sons, Aeson, Pheres and Amythaon. And of Aeson and Polymede, according to Hesiod, lason was born. " Aeson, who begot a son lason, shepherd of the people, whom Chiron brought up in woody Pelion." 14. .. • • • of the glorious lord • • • fair Atalanta, swift of foot, the daughter of Schoeneus, who had the beaming eyes of the Graces, though she was ripe for wedlock rejected the company of her equals and songht to avoid marriage with men who eat bread." 16 3 I" HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE Scholiast on Homer, Iliad xxiii. 683. VEWUpO~ , ' c:- O/VfWOV ..." " a'Ywvt."o¥' ovv 'H Hesiod is therefore later in date than Homer since he represents Hippomenes as stripped when contending with Atalanta. 1 Papiri greci century). . . e latini, ii. No. 130 (2nd-3rd €7r' aVTll<' g7rEtTa 7 ]aVlCT¢Vp[ o~] WPIIVTO Tw 0', lip' I {gO)(OV eZoo~ €XOV " , !-"€V K €I<",VT€ ",.1..'" o,/,p Et7rW 7a, ft€ , ' ] 'Ell V['] '.' 'YEPOIIT€<;, , 'f}i), € Ot 'f}OE 0V!-"O, ' ] '€Vt\CT7'] ' 0 €CTCTt I<E",evEt. ' , 7raVT€~ 'I 7r7r0!-,,~1I'f}~ !-"V'f}CTT€V€t] €!-"nv €All<W7rLOa !CiJVP1]II. 10 [15J "0 0<; 0.'"O , clOUVltTOt OWWCT' ... ] or 'OAV!-" ]7rtlt ow!-"aT' gxoVCTtll, 15 [2OJ ~ Tot VOCTT'I 20 [25J OewJI 7"E '* '* '* Slight remains of five lines precede line 1 in the original: after line 20 an unknown number of lines have been lostJ and traces of a, verse preceding line 21 are here omitted. 1 Between lines 29 and 30 are fragments of six TOrses which do not suggest any definite restoration. The numbering of the original publication is given in brackets. 164 "Then straightway there rose up against him the trim-ankled maiden (Atalanta), peerless in beauty: a great throng stood round about her as she gazed fiercely, and wonder held all men as they looked upon her. As she moved, the breath of the west wind stirred the shining garment about her tender bosom; but Hippomenes stood where he was: and much people was gathered together. All these kept silence; but Schoeneus cried and said: '" Hear me all, both young and old, while I speak as my spirit within my breast bids me. Hippomenes seeks my coy-eyed daughter to wife; but let him now hear my wholesome speech. He shall not win her without contest; yet, if he be victorious and escape death, and if the deathless gods who dwell on Olympus grant him to win renown, verily he shall return to his dear native land, and I will give him my dear child and strong, swift-footed horses besides which he shall lead home to he cherished possessions; and may he rejoice in heart possessing these, and ever remember with gladness the painful contest. May the father of men and of gods (grant that splendid children may be born to him 2) , • * * * In the earliest times a loin·cloth was worn by athletes, but Wt\l! discarded after the 14th Olympiad. , The end of Schoeneus' speech, the preparations and the beginn i ng of tho r ..ce are lost. I. HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE DEEtT€PY -~[ • • • • • • • • • • • "Jat J.£tV E1TaluCTruv ~7l"[ • • • • • • • h' V7l"0xrop~CTa~ [£71"'] UptCTTepa. [TO£~ 0' UfLJ'YaPTOII aOAOII EI€etO'· 17 fLEII pa 71"[ OOWl€1]~ Ot' 'A TaAU.IIT1] "on the right • • . and he, rushing upon her, • • • drawing back slightly towards the left. And on them was laid an unenviable struggle: for she, even fair, swift-footed Atalanta, ran scorning the gifts of golden Aphrodite; but with him the race was for his life, either to find his doom, or to escape it. Therefore with thoughts of guile he said to her: '" 0 daughter of Schoeneus, pitiless in heart, receive these glorious gifts of the goddess, golden Aphrodite .• : reT' ullawofLJII1] owpa [XpUCTE1]~ 'AcppooLT1]~, 25 [31J TijI O~ 7I"ep~ 'o/uxfj~ 7I"JA€[ TO OPOfLO~' ~ fLOPOII €vpe'ill .;]~ cpu'Y€£v' TijI I€al pa OOA[OcpPOV€roll 7I"POCTE€t7T€· afL' €£,,£XOV '7TOP 'no'u'YaTep '".<,XowYJo~, "'[ " • €X " DUCTa, o]€~o TaO' U'YAatt owpa o€[a~, XpUCTE'7~ 'AcppoOlT'YJ~ * * * * a~Tttp & [plfLcf;a 7I"O]OECTCT£ fL[ €T€A86)IJ ~I€e TO 7I"PWTOV, 30 [42) ~ 0' al'o/' (dCTO'" Ap7l"Vta fL€T[aCTTpecpO€tCTa TO fLPJAOV lfLJLaP'o/" a~Tttp & X€tP~ TO 8elmpov ~[I€€ xaf1.a~€. I€a~ O~ lxev 060 fLPJAa 7I"OOWI€1]~ 'AT[ aAcLVT1], , , "'. '" • t'" , • [ " ,. €'Y'YU~ "IV Te"eo~' OE TO TP£TOV 'YJI€e xafLa.,e, CTOV Tijl8' £~Ecf;u'Yev OaVaTOV I€a6 I€~ PJpa fLEAawav 35 [47J ° .',ajh7rv€tOJv , " €(TT'T} v or ° , ICaf, •••• • 15 Strabo, i. p. 42. , 'A pa'(3 oeD, TOV "E ' al€al€'YJTa " I€at, I€oup'7v pfLarov , 'TI'" " 'Ye£vaTo I€at,ru.' ~pov£'YJ, I€oup'YJ 1],,0£0 aVal€TO,>. 16. EustathiuB, Hom. 461. 2. * * * • " But he, following lightly on his feet, cast the first apple 1: and, swiftly as a Harpy, she turned back and snatched it. Then he cast the second to the ground with his hand. And now fair, swift-footed Atalanta had two apples and was near the goal; but Hippomenes cast the third apple to the ground, and therewith escaped death and black fate. And he stood panting and . • ." 15. "And the daughter of Arabus, whom worthy Hermaon begat with Thronia, daughter of the lord Belus." 17. 16. "Argos which was waterless Danaus made wellwatered." Hecataeus 1 in Scholiast on Euripides, Orestes, 872. 17. "AP'Y0~ alluopoll ".. "A , eOll ..,.allao~ , ". 7I"O£'YJCT€II EIIUOpOV. '" A"£'YU7I"TO<; aUTO'> "" 1''\.0ell E£'> ' "AP'Y0'>, o• O€ fL€V OUI€ "I'" 7I"a'i8a,> o~ [U7I"ECTT€£A€V]. 00'> fLEII 'H crlooo,> £7rOl'YJCT€, 7I"EIIT~I€OVTa. I Of Miletus. flourished about 520 B.O. Hi. work ... mix· ture of hiatory ILnd geography. was used by Herodotus. 166 Aegyptus himself did not go to Argos, but sent his sons. fifty in number, as Hesiod represented. I Of the three which Aphrodite gave him to enable him to overcome Atalanta. HESlOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAR 18. Sflraho,l viii. p.370. Kal' A7roXX6orupo<; ••• f,"lutv .•• 'HIT[ooov ft€VTO£ Kal 'ApX'£Xoxov ryO"l Ino€va! Kal "EXX"lva~ Xe'Yoft€VOV~ TOV, ITJJft7raVTa~ Kal IIaveXX"lva~, ••• 7rEpl TWV IIpO!1'[oruv Xe'Y0vTa &, I,,, " , , II aV€"'''''Y/ve, €ftV'Y/ITTEVOV aVTa~. Apollodoru3, ii. 2. 1. 4. ' AKp[IT£O, ft~v • Ap'Yov <; (3aIT£XeVE£, IIpotTO, o~ T(pvveo<;. Kal 'YtV€Tat ,AKP~ITtrpII , ft~v "I: 'E 0' " AaK€ 0' €~, , < v~ve tK'Y/(3~ , Try<; atftovo, Aava'Y/, pOLTrp O€ €K '" EV€ Ola, AVIT[7r7r"l [T€] Kd '1 18.1 And Apollodorus says that Hesiod already knew that the whole people were called both Hellenes and Panhellenes, as when he says of the daughters of Proetus that the Panhellenes sought them in marriage. Probus 2 on Vergil, Eclogue vi. 48. Has, quod Iunonis contempserant numen, insania. extflrritas, quae crederent se boves faetas, patriam. Arg?s reJiquisse, postea. a. Melampode Amythaoms fiho sanatas. Suidas s.v. ftaxXouvv"l' €7V€Ka . ftaXXo Eustathius, Hom. 1746. 7. KaL 'Yap ITcplV K€cpaX?J<Ti KaTa KVVO~ alVOV "X€V€v' , 'Yap , xpoa " 7raVTa KaTeuxe 'e 0' aXcpo~ ev,'EK DE VlJ aiTa x £ ~ppeov iiK K€cpaXeruv, '1/I'£Xoiho De KaXa tULp"lIla. I ... \ ' " . , . 1 The geographer; fl. c. 24 B.D • • Fl. 56-88 ..... D.: he i. best known for his work on Vergil. 168 Acrisius was king of Argos and Proetus of Tiryns. And Acrisius had by Eurydice the daughter of Lacedemon, Danae; and Proetus by Stheneboea "Lysippe and Iphinoe and Iphianassa." And these fell mad, as Hesiod states, because they would not receive the rites of Dionysus. These (the daughters of Proetus), because they had scorned the divinity of Juno, were overcome with madness, such that they believed they had been tUl'lled into cows, and left Argos their own country. Afterwards they were cured by Melampus, the son of AlUythaon. "Because of their hideous wantonness they lost their tender beauty . . . For he shed upon their heads a fearful itch: and leprosy covered all their flesh, and their hair dropped from their heads, and their fair scalps were made bare." The Hesiodio story of the daughters of ProetuB can b. They were sought in marriage by all the Greeks (Panhellenes), but having offended Dionysus (or, according to Servius, Juno), were afHicted with a. disease ,~'hich deBt,rayed their beauty (or were turned into cowo). They were finally healed by MclampuB. 1 reconstructed from these notices. CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE HESIOD 19. 8choliast on Homer, Il. xii. 292. EvprJnr"," 'T~1I AE£pJ;JV£ p,eTtt Kat KaT€AOiJJII '1",,,,0.'0 EV EaVToII E£~ Tavpov Ka£ a7ro TOV UTop,aTo~ , II rf , E' I , I KPOKOV E7rVE£' oVTru~ T€ T'TJII vpru7r'TJV a7raT1]ua~ ' , K' " e'{3' aUTatT€ Ka£' .ota7rop0 p,evfIa~ Et~ p'TJT1]V Ep,''Y1] '" Et'0'" ' "'A '" aVTV' OVTru~ tTVVtpKttT€II aVT1]II tTTEptruVt T'f "(3 "" ' . ' K P1]Trull atTt",et· 'Y€VOp,EV1] oe e'YKvo~ EKEtV'TJ TPEt~ 7raiOM €'Y€VII'TJtTE, Mlvrua, "i,ap7r1]06va Kat 'PaMp,av(Jvv. -q [uTopla 7rap' 'HtTt60'f Kat BaKXVAloV' cJ;>ollltlco~ Z€l)~ OEauap,Ello~ g." 'TtVt IIVp,rpWII avO", allaA€'Y0VUall ~pau01] ""'It."\. t: t \ ,,.. \ " N ,.. " , " 20. Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodiu8, Arg. ii. 178. cd~ 'Hdo06~ CP1]fItll, (cJ;>we6~) cJ;>OllltKO~ 'Toil 'A'Y~vo po~ Kat KaUUte7rEla~. 21. Apollodorus,1 iii. 14. 4. 1. 'Hdooo~ 06 aVToII (Aoruvtv) cJ;>otlltKO~ Kal 'AAcpEfIt{3ola~ A€'Yet, oe 22. Porphyrius,! Quae8t. Hom. ad Iliad. pert. p. 189. ,ru~ 7rap, 'H UtoO'f '''' Ell , r vllaucrull "K "' "" aTa",o'Y'f E7r£ T1]~ 'A'Y~vopo~ 7ratoo~ A,,,p,006K'TJ~ [A1]p,086K1]] nlv 7rAE'itTTOt €7rtX(Jolllruv allO PW7rrull , " ' 0 orup " ' "o"op,'TJ"av p'II1]fITEVOII Kat,-",,\ 7ro",,,,a Kat"a'Y",aa rcpOtp,ot {3afItA~E~, a7rEtP€tTtoll KaTtt EZOO~. I Apollodorus of Athens (fl. 144 B.C.) w... a pupil of Ads· tarohus. He wrote a Handbook of Mythology, from which the extant work bearing his name is derived. • Porphyry, scholar, mathematician, philosopher and hili· torian, liI'ed 233-305(?) A.D. He Will a pupil of the neo· Platonist Plotinu •• 17 0 19. Zeus saw Europa the daughter of Phoenix gathering flowers in a meadow with some nymphs and fell in love with her. So he came down and changed himself into a bull and breathed from his mouth a crocus. 1 In this way he deceived Europa, carried her off and crossed the sea to Crete where he had intercourse with her. Then in this condition he made her live with Asterion the king of the Cretans. There she conceived and bore three sons, Minos, Sarpedon and Rhadamanthys. The tale is in Hesiod and Bacchylides. 20. But according to Hesiod (Phineus) was the son of Phoenix, Agenor's son and Cassiopea. 21. But Hesiod says that he (Adonis) was the Bon of Phoenix and Alphesiboea. 22. As it is said in Hesiod in the Catalogue of Women concerning Demodoce the daughter of Agenor : "Demodoce whom very many of men on earth, nrighty princes, wooed, promising splendid gifts, because of her exceeding beauty." 1 The crocus was to attract Europa, as in the very similar story of Persephone: cpo Homeric Hymns ii. lines 8 fr. HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 23. Apollodaru8, iii. 5. 6. 2. 'H 23. Hesiod says that (the children of Amphion and Niobe) were ten sons and ten daughters. KaTeteuCTTa£ aiJ7·ov. 24. Scholiast on Homer, Il. xxiii. 679. Kat 'HlTlooo~ oJ 7(3at~ aUTov (Olol7rooo,) a7r08avov' 'T'IV "A"' \ a"i\i\ 0"> 6", h 8€tV ' 'TO" 'AP'YHav OpalTTOV ITVV E7Tt 'T~V K,,/oElav 'TOV OlOl7rooor;. 25. llerodian Z in Etymologicu,m Magnum, p. 60, 40. Eli\aplo,,/v Tt'Tvov. 26. Argument: Pindm', Ol. xiv. K'I 27. Scholiast on Homer, fl. vii. 9. 0 'Yap 'TOV MEV€' " AP'lt'800, BOlW'TO<; ,. , IT 8taV 7ra'T'IP "IV Ka'Tot/cWll " .. ' av'T"/ " B otW'Ttar;, ' , /Ca,\ 'H CT'O ' 0'0<; 'Apv'Iv' €1T'Tt 06 w<; 'lIT w· 11· But Hesiod says they were nine boys and ten girls i-unless after all the verses are not Hesiod' but are falsely ascribed to him as are many others, 24. And Hesiod says that when Oedipus had died at Thebes, Argea the daughter of Adrastus came with others to the funeral of Oedipus. 25. Tityos the son of Elara. 26. Cephisus is a river in Orchomenus where also the Graces are worshipped. Eteoclus the son of the river Cephisus first sacrificed to them, as Hesiod says: "which from Lilaea spouts forth its sweet· flowing water , .. And which flows on by Panopeus and through fenced Glechon and through Orchomenus, winding like a snake." 27. For the father of Menesthius, Arelthoils was a Boeotian living at Arnae; and this is in Boeotia, as also Hesiod says. 1 I Priest at Praeneste. He lived c. 170-230 A, D, Son of apolloniuB DyscoluB, lived in Rome under Mareu. Aureliu. Hia chief work was on accentuation. 173 HESroD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 28. Stephantts of Byzantium. 1 '0'YX'1o"T6~· lJ,AO"O~' " ." ev Tn"'Ai\.tapnwv ' , '~8'~' ••• K€ITa, O€ xwpq" wpv ev De ,V'TrO"0'YX'1O"TOV"TOV " B OtWTOV, "d ri-. 'R' • w" 't''1O"tP 0"£000". 28. Onchestus: a It is situate in the country of Haliartus and was founded by Onchestus the Boeotian, as Hesiod says. 29. Stephanu8 of Byzantium. Al'Yd,... lO"Tt Kat ' " 7r€otOV ., O"VVa7rTOV , " RO"toooS'. ' ~ A t'Yatov T'[l" K'tppq" 00" 30. .4pollodoru8, ii. 1. 1. 5. 'RO"looo" o~ 'l\oaO"'Yov \. , aVTOX " 8ova'ri-. • 't''1O"tV €IVat. T;iJJ grove.1 29. There is also a plain of Aega bordering on Cirrha, according to H esiod. 30• TIe- But Hesiod says that Pelasgus was autochthonous. 31. Stmbo, v. p. 221. Trp 0' 'E~6p't' TOU ~g 'ApKaola~ elvat TO cpui\.ov TOUTO (TOVS' TI€AaO"'YOVS') ~pl;€v 'Rulooo,,' CP'1O"t 'Yap' " €~ 't:.' ' ' 8 '€OtO Vt€€S' €'Y€VOVTO A VKaovo" aVTt d 'TI'" OV 'TrOTti TtKTe €l\oaO"'Yo". 32. Stephanu, of Byzantium. TIaAAd,VTtOP' 'TrOAt, 'ApKaUa<;, a'Tro TIaAAavTo", fva, Trull AVICaOVO, '. " RO"tooo". ' ~ 7ra£DOOv, 00" 33. fPeAAoV ~vp-p-€A£'1v T~IC€TO ICA€tT~ M€AlfJota. 34. Herodian, On Peculiar Diction, p. 18. 'RO"tootp ;11 OWTeptp (KaTaA6'Ytp) ' 8 r€i't'a"'1" - . ' "€IITOU 8 8 Oil. o."'TrpOU fl.II " €IC€V I 400 Author of a geographical lexicon, A.D., and abridged under Justinian. 'Trap , produoed after 31. That this tribe (the Pelasgi) were from Arcadia, Ephorus states on the authority of Hesiod; for he says: " Sons were born to god-like Lycaon whom Pelasgus once begot." 32. Pallantium. A city of Arcadia, so named after Pallas, one of Lycaon's sons, according to Hesiod. 33. "Famous Meliboea bare Phellus the good spearman." 34. In Hesiod in the second Catalogue: "Who once hid the torch 2 within." I Sacred to Poseidon. For the oustom observed there, op. By""" iii. 231 If. • Th. allusion is obooure. H~ 174 I i HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 35. Herodian, On Peculiar Diction, p. 42. Ell Tp[Up (KaTaAb'Y'i') vo;:,eo~ OE 7rOOWV 'H<1{ooo~ 35. Hesiod in the third Catalogue writes: " And a resounding thud of feet rose up." V7rbOOU7rO~ 0pWpE£. 36. ApolloniuB Dyscolus,1 On the Pronoun, p. 125. cnptv 0' athoZ~ fLlola 7rijfLa. 37. 36. " And a great trouble to themselves." 37. Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius, Arg. i. 45. oihe Neither Homer nor Hesiod speak of Iphiclus as amongst the Argonauts. 38. "Eratosthenes,"! Calast. xix. p. 124. Kpuk] OO'TO" o cJ>p[~OII o£aKop.{rra" Kat "EI\A"lv' acpO £TO~ OE • EoO '~'O ' " "V7rO N E't'E/\'''l~ ,k I , " , . WV '1 av'TO£~ 'T"l<; fL"l'TPO<;' ££X e O~ J<,pV(TiW ODpav, 00<; 'H<1looo<; Kal cJ>epeKVOT}<; E£pT}Kacnv. 39. Scholiast on Apolloniu8 Rhodius, Arg. ii. 181. 7t€7r"lpWrrOa£ DE tPlvea "'T}<1lv 'Ho-looo~ EV fLe'Yal\a£~ "Jc IotaL", ' rI rh 't: \ ODOV f~' J~'''' on ""pts'i' 'TT}V EfLT}VUo-EV, EV DE 'T'fJ 'Y T '" ' , 1:'\' \ , ... " ... 1" I:>.a'Ta/\,0'Y'fl, E7r€ LO 'I 'TOV fLaKPOlJ XpOVOlJ 'TT}~ °'r €W~ , 7rPOEKPtV£V. lb. 77atOM U ¢"lo-W aVTif 'YllveoBal. 'lIo-looo" ovo, 0UVDV Kat JVlap'aIIO!JV,sv. 38. The Ram. This it was that transported Phrixus and Helle. It was immortal and was given them by their mother N ephele, and had a golden fleece, as Hesiod and Pherecydes say. "0 fL"lro~ OU'T1l • 'II <1£OOO~ ••• I'E'YOU(T£ 'TOV '''I,k , ~>tlC"OV I • ... ' , 'TO£> "'AP'Yovau'Ta£". ' <1UV , 1 , 39. Hesiod in the Great Eoiae says that Phineus was blinded because he revealed to Phrixus the road; but in the third Catalogue, because he preferred long life to sight. Hesiod says he had two sons, Thynus and Manandynus. Apollonius "the Crabbed " was a grarmnarian of Ale..c- andria under Hadrian. Syntax.. 176 He wrote largely on Grammar &ud • 275-195 (?) B.a., mathematician, astronomer, Bcholar, and head. of the Libr&ry &i Alexandria. 177 HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE Ephorus 1 in Strabo, vii. 302. 'HO'tocov 13' ~V TV " ' . TOV ' ""tv€a "", V71'O " " "a"oVfL€VV ry'l<; 71'€ptoorp T()JV 'AP7l'Vt()JV ",' ary€O' 8at- Hesiod, in the so-called Journey round the Earth, says that Phineus was brought by the Harpies" to the land of milk-feeders 1 who have waggons for houses." 40. " The Aethiopians and Ligurians and mare-milking Scythians." 41. As they were being pursued, one of the Harpies fell into the river Tigres, in Peloponnesus which is now called Harpys after her. Some call this one Nicothoe, and otht'rs Aellopus. The other who was called Ocypete, or as some say Ocythoe (though Hesiod calls her Ocypus), lied down the Propontis and reached as far as to the Echinades islands which are now called because of her, Strophades (Turning Islands). 42. Hesiod also says that those with Zetes 2 turned and prayed to Zeus: "There they prayed to the lord of Aenos who reigns on high." Apollonius indeed says it was Iris who made Zetes and his following turn away, but Hesiod says Hermes. " , "" , ... , I ,,,,, ryA.a"To",ary()Jv €<; ryatav a7l''1va<; Ot"t €XOVTfJ}v. 40. Strabo, vii. p. 300. 'A T€ 'tryv<; At'8't07l'a<; '.'.... '8 ,,' T€ £D€ ~"v a<; 't7T'7I''1fLo"ryov<;. 41. Apollodorus, i. 9.21. 6. ClOJ"OfL€VfJ}V c~ Truv'Ap" '1" fL€V "aTa, IT'" " TOJI T'£ryp'1 v 71'VtfJ}V €,,07l'0YV'10'0V €t<; \ €fL7I't7l'T€t, " " ' 'a7l' ' ' '€,,€tv'1<; '' rIA P7I'U<; "a71'oTafLov 0<; ' vvv ",,€tTat· " ' . ' " N 8' ' ' 'A €M"O"" ' TaVT'1V o€ ot fLEV t"O 0'1V, Ot .O€ " , ~, " " I 'n , 71'OUV "aA.ovO'tv. '1 O€ €T€pa "a",OVfL€v'1 u"V7I'€T'1, • O€ <-'" I <~'" , , , 00<; evwt 'n u"u 8' 0'1 ('H (J'woo<; O€ "'€ry€t aVT'1V 'n '~)" " I T '~-I.. ' ~~"V7I'00'1V ,aVT'1 "aTa T1)V Po7T'OVTwa 'I'€uryouO'a , 'Extvaooov ,<' ' ' €8V'10'OOV, ' " 'a7l'" €,,€tv'1<; , fL€Xpt 1)'" at. , vvv STpocpaC€<; "aA.OUvTat. 42. Soholiast on Apollonius Rhodius, Arg. ii. 297, 296. ~"'I: Z' "A' -1..' O€ '1v"aVTO Ot" 71'€pt '1T1)V Trp ££ O'Tpa't'€VT€<; A.€ry€t "at 'HD"loco<;' " OTt "8' Otrl ev , '8'1V A'tv'1trp I ~"'I\ tfLeooVTt. I~ ry, €VX€O' U'j' 'A7T'OA.A.oovto<; I ,~" fL€V oUv ""'IV a7l'00'Tp€' ...'j'1,. aO'av 71'€pl Z~T'1V ~Iptv A.€ry€t, 'HO'toco<; c~ 'EpfLijV. Others say (the islands) were called Strophades, because they turned there and prayed Zeus to seize 1 i.t. the nomad Scythian., who are described by Herodo. tus as feeding on mares' milk and living in caravans. 51 Zetes and Calais, sons of Boreas, who were amongst the 1 Of Cyme. He wrote a universal history covering the period between tbe Dorian Migration and 340 B.a. 17 8 Argonauts, delivered Phineus from the Harpies. The Strophades (" Islands of Turning ") are here supposed to have been 80 called because the son8 of Boreas were there turned ba.ck by !ria from pursuing the Harpies. 179 CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE HESIOD VOVTa£. 43. Philodemu8,1 On Ptely, 10. €'Y'YEAij,£ &~ ••• .q ~al TWV ~uo' 'H IIv'YfLa CIIV /l-V1]/l-0V6V6£. 44. r~ Strra b0, L· p. 43. 'H aryvOLav 'w ., 0~, OUK av Tt~ a£Tta 'H/l-tKvva~ AEryoVTO~ Kal MaKpoKEcpaAov~ Kal nvry/l-atov~. 45. Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodiu8, Arg. iv. 284. 'Ha !d. iv. 259. 46. !d. iii., 311. cp1] oE •A7TOAAWV£Q~ 'H f' "... " e7TofLEvo~ €7T£ TOU apfLaTo~ , T1]V , TOU. . 'H",,£QU 6£~ ' , " ' K '£pK1]V KaTa' T vpp1]vtav KE£fL€V7JV v1]G"ov T1]V "'86£V' - 'E , OU - K6tTaL. 47. Scholiast on Apolloniu8 Rhodiu8, Arg. iv. 892. • '8 'H V7J "A v 8E/l-oE €~ K povtWV. ' "" "t: ' M" <:!rEIC~£V01], o1C7T Tj,' r, "," ~tva ., '~" """ 1:' ovofLa'Ta DE aVTWV, "::1EII.s£07T7J 7J• ·AryAatxpwvo~. I An EpicureaD philoRopher, II. IiO "0. the Harpies. But according to Hesiod ••• they werf.~ not killed. 43. Nor let anyone mock at Hesiod who mentions ... or even the Troglodytes and the Pygmies. 44. No one would accuse Hesiod of ignorance though he speaks of the Half-dog people and the GreatHeaded people and the Pygmies. 45. But Hesiod says they (the Argonauts) had sailed in through the Phasis. But Hesiod (says) .• they came through the Ocean to Libya, and so, carrying the Argo, reached our sea. 46. Apollonius, following Hesiod, says that Circe came to the island over against Tyrrhenia on the chariot of the Sun. And he called it Hesperian, because it lies towards the west. 47. He (Apollonius) followed Hesiod who thus names the island of the Sirens: "To the island Anthemoessa (Flowery) which the son of Cronos gave them." And their names are Thelxiope or Thelxinoe, Molpe and Aglaophonus. 1 1 .. Charmmg-with-her-voice" (or" Charming-the-mind") "Song," a.nd "Lovely-sounding." , 181 CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE HESIOD Scholiast on Homer, Od. xii. 168. ~IIT(;i;(Jlill 'HO'lo(J €'i\'Y1i~V aVTa~ ' , 1i'j''1]. w'" ~ \ \ , I OO~ "a~ TOV~ alllip.ov~ , 48. Scholiaston Homer, Od. i. 86. -r1]11 P.EII 'Yap 'n'Y v - \ O€ ~\'n T7]II "Iv i\"lall "aTa Kp~T'1]II 'HO'{o80~ CP'1]O'£ "1i'iO'(Jal' [7rOll ]TOII 8' 'n'Yvi\wII ~8' 'n'Yvi\l'1]II •••• 111]0'011. 'Y~av ".,. ,t"liO'7r€pall, €VTO~ €~va£ 7rpO~ 49. 'HO'{08o~ 8E a8€i\cp~II ' Ai\fC£VOOV !d. Od. vii. 54. T~II ' Ap~T'1]v V7r€i\afllill. 50. Schol. on Pindar, Ol. x. 46. \ 0~"Ap.apv'Y"€lo'1]~ I~ 'I 7r7rOo"TpaTO~, I "I"A p'1]O~, T7]V O~O~ I , i\' t' , 'E ~'f , 7r€£WII 0pxap.o~ all V"T€O~ a'Y ao~ v~o~, 8pwII ••• 51. ApoUodorus i. 8. 4. 1. ' Ai\(Jala~ 8'E lL7ro(JalloVO''1]~ 0'~II€v~ \ II €p~fJo£av IQ \ 'I7r7rOllOOU. ' I T7]II TaVT'1]V I ~ '1: 'ni\ €VOV I "'A ' • • 'H O'~ooo~... E.. T'1]~ xa~a~, ~ 1i'Y'1]p-€II ~\ • O€ ,'" (J I , \ 'I I E'j' app.€II7]II V7rO 7r7rOO'TpaTOV ' 7r7rOllOVII I' , , I "rl< ,TOil 7raTEpa 7r€p.'t'a£ 'Ap.aiJv'Y"Ew~, I ' 0 ' I I 7rpO~ ~II€a 7r0Ppw TOV" "'Ei\i\aoo~ I~" , i\' , " OllTa lillTIi£ ap.lillOll a7rOfCTIi£va£. T'I}~ " 'f'''1i1i t"'n" i\€V~7]II 7r€TP'l}II 0 . . 7rap"'(J 7rOTap.OIO OX a~ liVP1]O~ IIlilpo,o. 62. • 1 DwdorU8 V. 81 • 7]11 • 0~" 0 M a"ap€V~ \" \ VIO~ P.liV ' I "'" I ~ TOV" A to~, w~ 'j''I}O'IIJ 'H O'£Ooo~..., K pwa"ov " .. ' , 'ni\' " I \'1 ,~ " "aTO£"WII 0 liV EP'f' T'I}~ TOTE P.EII aoo~, IIVII 8' 'Axala~ "ai\ovp.€11'1]~. I Diodorus Sien!us, fl. 8 B.O., author of an universal histol1 ending with Caesar's Gallic Wars. lia Hence Hesiod said that they charmed even the winds. 48. Hesiod says that Ogygia is within towards the west, but Ogylia lies over against Crete: f f . , , the Ogylian sea and the island Ogylia." 49. Hesiod regarded Arete as the sister of Alcinous. 50. Her Hippostratus (did wed), a scion of Ares, the splendid son of Phyctes, of the line of Amarynces, leader of the Epeians. 61. When Althea was dead, Oeneus married Periboea, the daughter of Hipponoiis. Hesiod says that she was seduced by Hippostratus the son of Amarynces and that her father Hipponoiis sent her from Olenus in Achaea to Oeneus because he was far away from Hellas, bidding him kill her. "She used to dwell on the cliff of Olenus by the banks of wide Peirus." 52. Macareus was a son of Crinacus the son of Zeus as Hesiod says ••• and dwelt in Olenus in the country then called Ionian, but now Achaean. tiJ HESlOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOlAE 53. Concerning the Myrmidons Hesiod speaks thus: "And she conceived and bare Aeacus,delighting in horses. Now when he came to the full measnre of desired youth, he chafed at being alone. And the father of men and gods made all the ants that were in the lovely isle into men and wide-girdled women. These were the first who fitted with thwarts ships with curved sides, and the first who used sails, the wings of a sea-going ship." 54. "The sons of Aeacus who rejoiced in battle as though a feast." 55. He has indicated the shameful deed briefly by the phrase "to lie with her against her will," and not like Hesiod who recounts at length the story of Peleus and the wife of Acastus. 56. Sohol. on Pindar, Nem. iv. 95. ~8€ 8~ ai ICaTil (JVP,6V aplCTT"1 cpalV€Ta {3av",r,. " , CTXeCT '(J at, ICpu/ ....-rr..~' ,~, , aV'Tav /L€V at a aaoIC"1Ta p,axatpav I rI f" f: ' "'\ 'A rl.. I ICaA"]V, "1V a£ €'T€v<;;€ 7r€P£ICI\'u'TO~ P,'i'£"IV"1€£~. f Tr]V ' JLaCTT€VroV ,.,. 'II'"" " ro~ a£O~ ICaTa 'fJ",wv a£7rV "',•.1,,' 'K ' , , ~ , a'-r V7ra EVTaVpatCTW OP€CTIC'I'OtCTt oaJL€£"1. f 57. Voll. llerculan. (Papyri from Herculaneum), 2nd Collection, viii. 105. 0 8~ Ttl KV7rp£a 7ro{)i IS" 56. "And this seemed to him (Acastus) in his mind the best plan; to keep back himself, but to hide beyond guessing the beautiful knife which the very famous Lame One had made for him, that in seeking it alone over steep Pelion, he (Peleus) qlight be slain forthwith by the mountain-bred Centaurs. 57. The author of the Cypria 1 says that Thetis avoided 1 The first epic in the "Trojan Cycle": like all ancient epics it was ascribed to Homer, bnt also, with more probability. to Stasinul of Cyprus. HESIOD , CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE xap,~o,."ivr/V (EMnv) cpE,J'YE£V alJ7'ou (atO~) Tal , A , ~\' , XO"OO 8'EVTa " ~, wedlock with Zeus to please Hera; but that Zeus was angry and swore that she should mate with a mortal. Hesiod also has the like account. 8VryTrp" 'YafLOV' u.ta DE 0fL0 t " 58. Strassburg Greek Papyri 55 (2nd cent. A.D.) CfJBlryv e~i/cETO, ,."ryTipa ""~Arov, 7r0AAd. /C ]T~fLaT' li'Yoov €~ EVPUXOpOU '!aOOA/Cou IIryAeu~] Ala/Clory~, cpli\o<; a8aVaTO£ ""aOt 5 Tpl~ fLa/Cap Ala/Clory /Cal TETpa/Ct<;, SAfltE IIryAeu, " '] OoopOV ~ '0""V,.,,7rto<; ' " Z eu<; \ rp• T '''" a"oxov 7rO"V EVpV07ra " ,~\, , 8eo.\'~ '" oo7ra 59. Origen, Against CelsU8, iv. 79. ~ \ 'Yap , TOTE , oa"(E<; .. " E 60. 8choliast on Homer n. xvi. 175..•. 'H " ~, • , (TryV ' T"'V a"i\",,"'v II" o"vowpryll av'T1]V III1Aero<;) /CaAouvTroV. 8u'YaTepa ' Tau" 61. l Eustathius,2 Hom. 112. 44 sq. 58. "Peleus the son of Aeacus, dear to the deathless gods, came to Phthia the mother of flocks, bringing great possessions from spacious Iolcus. And all the people envied him in their hearts seeing how he had sacked the well-built city, and accomplished his joyous marriage; and they all spake this word: 'Thrice, yea, four times blessed son of Aeacus, happy Peleus ! For far-seeing Olympian Zeus has given you a wife with many gifts and the blessed gods have brought your marriage fully to pass, and in these halls you go up to the holy bed of a daughter of Nereus. Truly the father, the son of Cronos, made you very pre-eminent among heroes and honoured above other men who eat bread and consume the fruit of the ground.' .. 59. 1 "For in common then were the banquets, and in common the seats of deathless gods and mortal men." 60. •.• whereas Hesiod and the rest call her (Pelelis' daughter) Polydora. 6l. It should be observed that the ancient narrative 1 136 1 120. This fragment is placed by Spohn after Worka and DaJ/.• HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOlAE I1,iTPOKXOV ~ 7TaAata lO'Topia Kat O'vryry€vij Tlp 'AXtAAE£ 7TapaO£SWO't A~ryovO'a, l5n 'HO'toS&~ hanus down the account that Patroclus was even a kinsman of Achilles; for Hesiod says that Menoetius the father of Patroclus, was a brother of Peleus, so that in that case they were first cousins. 63. 26 • 7 • OV'1"O~ . , XP'YJU p,o~ '. 0'YJ ""Ot" ° . 1 11. " P ausanw., '" ' "OVTa 'A" "Aputvo'YJ~, ' ' ... "a p,a"tUTa OUK O'K"'YJ7TtoV a"" 'H O'tooov, 'to .. " , tH·O'to, 'Y"J ,'1"WV nva" Ep,7TE7Tot7JKO'1"WV €t~ Ta • T a"E7T'YJ O'vv {}'EV'1"a €t~"'1"'YJv M EO'U'YJVW)V ' xafw. , OOV, SchoZiast on Pindar, Pyth. iii. 14. Ot }-tev 'Aputv&'YJ~, oi Se Kopwv{oo~ I p,Eryapot~ 'A"' , oPXap,ov )/ UK"7J7rtoV, £ivSprov, n. , r.J V7TOOp,7J ' • {}" " , '1"" E " t ,¥OLtJrp etO'a, EU7TAoKap,ov ptW7Ttv. ,'" , /Cat't'ApUtvo7J~ Op,OLW~. 'A pUtV07J ' .oe , }-ttryEtO'a • A' \ A , , " uto~ /Ca. "' 7JTOO~ Utrp , "A"\ " UtDV r, ap,vp,ova , I ' TE Kpa'1"EpOV ' t'1"E. z HKT UK,,')7TtOV I A Greek of Asia Minor, author of the Description of Greece (on which he was still engaged in 173 A.D.). • Wilamowitz thinks one or other cf these citations belongs to the Catalogue. 188 62. Some write "Serus the son of Halirrhothius," whom Hesiod mentions: "He (begot) Serus and Alazygus, goodly sons." And Serus was the son of Halirrhothius Perieres' son, and of Alcyone. 63. This oracle most clearly proves that Asclepius was not the son of Arsinoe, but that Hesiod or one of Hesiod's interpolators composed the verses to please the Messenians. Some say (Asclepius) was the son of Arsinoe, But Asclepiades says that others of Coronis. Arsinoe was the daughter of Leucippus, Perieres' son, and that to her and Apollo Asclepius and a daughter, Eriopis, were born: "And she bare in the palace Asclepius, leader of men, and Eriopis with the lovely hair, being subject in love to Phoebus" And of Arsinoe likewise: "And Arsinoe was joined with the son of Zeus and Leto and bare a son Asclepius, blameless and strong." HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAR 64. 64. For how does he say that the same persons (the Cyclopes) were like the gods, and yet represent them as being destroyed by Apollo in the Catalogue oj the Daughters oj Leucippus ? Scholiast on Hestod, Theogony, 142. 7T'ro~ ryap 'TOUr; aV'Tour; (KuICA.w7ra~) 8€O/~ €1'aA.LryiClovr; A.JryEL • A €VICL7r7rWWV '~K"'\ ' ,\ ICaL\ ,Ev 'T'fJ• 'TroV aTa",ory'l' V7T'O 'A7T'oA.A.wvor; aVrJpfja8at 7T'Ot€'i; 65. Scholiast on Pindar, 01. xi. 79. '~ "E x,ef£or; 8'" ,.~ a",ep'1v 7T'ot'1U"a'T aICOL'TtP. T tf£avop'l)v 66. Scholiast on Pindar, Hem. x. 150. 0 f£~v 'H'.€v'1V, aA.A.d. 8v'Ya'Tpor; 'n"eavoii /Cal tl.tot:;. 65. " Echemus made Timandra his buxom wife." 66. Hesiod in giving their descent makes them (Castor and Polydeuces) both sons of Zeus. Hesiod, however, makes Helen the child neither of Leda nor Nemesis, bnt of a daughter of Ocean and Zeus. 67. Stesichorus says that while sacrificing to the gods Tyndareus forgot Aphrodite and that the goddess was angry and made his daughters twice and thrice wed and deserters of their husbands. • • . . And Hesiod also says: " And laughter-loving Aphrodite felt jealous when she looked on them and cast them into evil report. Then Timandra deserted Echemus and went and came to Phyleus, dear to the deathless gods; and even so Clytaemnestra deserted god-like Agamemnon and lay with Aegisthus and chose a worse mate; and even so Helen dishonoured the couch of goldenhaired Menelaus." HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 68. 68.1 Mv£iTo '~O"T17]T'lI~ d,'Yo~ d,VOPWV [alXI-' ]1}TaWV ]11~' 'lraVTWV d,ptOE[["ET ]o~ d,VOpwv To,asw-Ba, ]d~ TE "a~ ~'YXEi 6,[ uoe ]vn. (3tq 0' €~ TuvllapJ]ou J..'7Tap~v 7TOJ..,[V e]7ve"a "OVP'I~ 'AP'Yet'rJ~ ~ eZ]oo~ iJXev xpuuhJ~ 'A.p[pOO[]T'I}~ T~V 0' ••• iJu"e]v Xap[Twv d,l-'ap[ V'll-' ]aT' iJxouuav Z'l}VO~ €V d,'Y"o[v'[l~ "a~] Tuvoapew (3au[,~tq]o~ I-'tXBe'iu' €V J..al-'7T ]po,u, oOI-'0t~ ["OVP1}] "uavw7T'" 'f1 "eavou~ BU'YaTl1P ' ] p'E'Y " 'e [7T1}paTOV ' "t-"exouua EtoO~ ". • • • Philoctetes sought her, a leader of spearmen, ••• , most famous of all men at shooting from afar and with the sharp spear. And he came to Tyndareus' bright city for the sake of the Argive maid who had the beauty of golden Aphrodite, and the sparkling eyes of the Graces; and the darkfaced daughter of Ocean, very lovely of form, bare her when she had shared the embraces of Zeus and the king Tyndareus in the bright palace • . • . . . (And •••. sought her to wife offering as gifts) ••• and as many woman skilled in blameless arts, each holding a golden bowl in her hands. And truly Castor and strong Polydeuces would have made him 2 their brother perforce, but Agamemnon, being son-in-law to Tyndareus, wooed her for his brother Menelaus. And the two sons of Amphiaraus the lord, Oecleus' son, sought her to wife from Argos very near at hand; yet •.. fear of the blessed gods. and the indignation of men caused them also to fail. e" , • • • . 10 • " al-'up,ova ep'Ya 'outa~ , 'A.,'''\.' ' 7raua~ xpvue,a~ 't'ta",a~ €V XEpu,v" €xouua". "at vv "li o~ KauTwp TE "a~ <> "paTlipo~ IIoJ..u~\ ~ TouuaUTa~ o€ 'Yuva,,,a~ ,~, Oliv"l1~ r.I " " , ' 'A'Yap,li' 'Yap,l--'pov 7rOt1}uaVTO "aTa" ICpaTo~' a",,,, p,vwv Q ' )' , ... 'M ' ' 15 'Yap,l--'po~ €WV lip,vaTO ICaut'Yvl1Trp EVE",arp. ' \ 0' 'A A. ' '0 ,,~~ ~ T tw 0 P,'t',apaou 'IC",EtoaO avaICTO~ Ap[-y]EO~ £p,VWVTO p,a[J..' £'t }YuBev' d,J..J..' I1pa ICal TOV~ ,Q"\. I .. r,,] e B" , T"[ I--'",a'f ewv [Jf~ atoW~ p,a_ICapwv ve']P,€ut~ a v'Bpw7rwV e,] • • ',.,. , , • a",,,, OUIC l1V •epyov 7rapa• TvvoapwfWIJI. • "W a7raTl1~ \ ~ '0 20 * * • * was no deceitful dealing in the sons of but there Tyndareus. 1 Lines 1-51 are from Berlin Papyri, 9739; lines 52-106 with B. 1-50 (and following fragments) are from Berlin Papyri 10550. A reference by Pausanins (iii. 24. 10) to 11. 100 If. proves that the two fragments together come from the Catalogue of Women. 'fhe second book (the beginning of which is indicated after I. 106) can hardly be the second book of the Catalog"e proper: possibly it should be assigned to the 'Holat, which were sometimes treated as part of th£l Catalogue, and sometimes s9parated from it. 'l'he remains of the thirty-seven lines following B. 50 in the Papyrus are too slight to admit of restoration. t Be. the Suitor whose name is lost. 193 HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE And from Ithaca the sacred might of Odysseus, Laertes' son, who knew mauy-fashioned wiles, sought her to wife. He never sent gifts for the sake of the neat-aqkled maid, for he knew in his heart that golden-haired Menelaus would win, since he was greatest of the Achaeans in possessions and was ever sending messages 1 to horse-taming Castor and prize· winning Polydeuces. And ., on's son sought her to wife (and brought) • • . bridal-gifts . . . cauldrons .•• * * and prize-winning * * to horse-taming Castor Polydeuces, desiring to be the husband of rich-haired Helen, though he had never seen her beauty, but because he heard the report of others. And from Phylace two men of exceeding worth sought her to wife, Podarces son of Iphiclus, Phylacus' son, and Actor's noble son, overbearing Protesilaus. Both of them kept sending messages to Lacedaemon, to the house of wise Tyndareus, Oebalus' son, and they offered many bridal-gifts, for great was the girl's renown, brazen . . . golden .•• * * * * (desiring) to be the husband of rich-haired Helen. From Athens the son of Peteous, Menestheus, sought her to wife, and offered many bridal-gifts; for he possessed very many stored treasures, gold and I Wooing was by proxy; so Agamemnon wooed Hulen for nis brother Menelaus (ll. 14-15), and ldomeneus, who came in person and sent no deputy, is specially mentioned as an exception, and the reason for this-if the restoration printed in the text be right-is stated (II. 6Ilff.). 194 I95 CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE HESIOD " "'13 ' [ '0 €"'T'I]TO, XpUfTOV TE "'€ "ITI1<, T € Tpt7rOVa~ TE, 0 8t ,,€U "8· ' [II €T€WO " ava"'Tor; " "a "",a, 'Ta" P" €VoO € oop.o~ • 45 "av'Yj"€V " . . ' [ afT 8at a"ot'Ttv ., p.tV 8 up.or; €€OVWfT " , , , \ ["] , '" A.' 7r A€tfT'Ta 7r0POVT • E7re> U 'TtV EE",7r€ [ 'TO ."EPT€POV ot~ ° • EtVat , ] ~, , , 1'[' 7raVTW V 'l]PWWV "'T'I]vefTfT£ 'T€ oW 'Ttvat~ TE. "I"ETO 0' P.riO'I~ Olf3a ]Atodo 1 "E" Kp'l]T'I]~ ' V'YjU(HV • 86p.ou~ "paT€pO~ [Au"o- 50 'E -" ' A€V'I] '~ ] eve" "IV["op.oto • • • • cauldrons and tripods, fine things which lay hid in the house of the lord Peteous, and with them his heart urged him to win his bride by giving more gifts than any other; for he thought that no one of all the heroes would surpass him in possessions and gifts. There came also by ship from Crete to the bouse of the son of Oebalus strong Lycomedes for rich-haired * * * Helen's sake. * 65 70 * * * sought her to wife. And after golden-haired Menelaus he offered the greatest gifts of all the suitors, and very much he desired in his heart to be the husband of Argive Helen with the rich hair. And from Salamis Aias, blameless warrior, sought her to wife, and offered fitting gifts, even wonderful deeds; for he said that he would drive together and give the shambling oxen and strong sheep of all those who lived in Troezen and Epidallrus near the sea, and in the island of Aegina and in Mases, sons of the Achaeans, and shadowy Megara and frowning Corinth us, and Hermione and Asine which lie along the sea: for he was famous with the long spear. But from Euboea. Elephenor, leader of men, the son of Ch~lcodon, prmce of the bold Abantes, sought her to wIfe. And he offered very many gifts and greatly he desired in his heart to be the husba~d of rich-haired Helen. And from Crete the mighty Idomeneus sought her to wife, Deucalion's son, offspring of renowned Minos. He sent no one to woo her in his place, but came himself in his black ship of many thwarts over the 197 HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOlAE fJ;' 76 Ogylian sea across the dark wave to the home of wise Tyndareus, to see Argive Helen and that no one else should bring back for him the girl whose renown spread all over the holy earth. And at the prompting of Zeus the all-wise came. TvvMpEO<; oe /1,va~, O?TOCTOI] K[lOV] EivEKa ICOOP'Y/<;, " " ] OVT - ' [ au ·0'] EII.E .." [~" , , OUT' " a7rE7rEp,.f. 'I' EV EICroV oropo ] v EKa90 [ CTTOV' , ~, " " " [ ~ 7TaVTa<; OE p'V'Y/CTT'Y/pa<; a7r'{1TEEV OpIC la 7T£CTTa Op,vop,Eva£ '1" ~K~eVCTE ICa~ [aKp~]TIf> a[pa]aCTOa£ ~" p'7] TW ET a",,,,ov aVE V €~eEV a",A.a 7T EVECT 0 a£ CT7TOV0[l, al-'tjll 'Yap'1f> ICOOP7]<; EU[ro ]X[evov' 0]<; OE KEV avopwv , 'd,\ {J''[I VEp,ECTW , , 'I'" a?TO 0'" \ ' ! : : ' ... 86 aUTo<; E",OlTO E£TO Ka, a£oro, , , , , " , , 0" TOV p,ETa 7raVTa<; avro'YEV ao",,,,Ea<; opp,'Y/ 'Y/va£ " T1CTOp,EVOV<;. TO.\~'" "0 OVTO 7TOWIJV 0 a7TTEpero<; E7T£ , ' , , "" , ell.7TOI-'EVO£ TE",EEW 7TaVTE<; 'Yap,OIl' a",,,, a~[ p,a ?TaVTa<; 'ATpElo'l]<; [VtIC'Y/CTE]V ap7]ttjl£Xo<; MEVEA.ao<; ," ' XE'ProV ' '.,.' 100 7T",E£CTTa 7rOprov' 0~"\II'! EVo 'Y/""If> V"''Y/EVTI .,.,~ "~,~ '''I: ' ~ " II'I]",E£o'Y/V EICOp,£~E 7Tooa<; Taxuv E",OXOV avopro", ,.~, " , " , " "A.."\. M EVE",ao<; " 7ra£o ET EOVT' OU 'YCLP ICEV ap'Y/£'t'£"'o<; , "ouoe . ' 71<; a",,,,o<; -.,., E7r£X ' 0 ' av ' 0paJ7rrov ' V'IC'Y/CT ov,rov , 'E" " , 0' • I-'V'I]UTEurov ",EV'Y/V, E' p,w IC'XE ?Tap EVOV OUCTav OrICaoE vOCTT~CTa<; ~IC II'Y/Xtou ooICV<; 'Ax£XXeo<;. 106 ".,., " .l " " ",I.'" M " a",,,, apa T"V 7rP£V 'Y ECTXEV aP"l''t'''''o<; EVE",ao<;. But of all who came for the maid's sake, the lord Tyndareus sent none away, nor yet received the gift of any, but asked of all the suitors sure oaths, and bade them swear and vow with unmixed libations that no one else henceforth should do aught apart from him as touching the marriage of the maid with shapely arms; but if any man should cast off fear and reverence and take her by force, he bade all the others together follow after and make him pay the penalty. And they,.eac~ of t~em hoping t~ accomplish his marriage, obeyed hIm WIthout wavermg. But warlike Menelaus, the son of Atreus, prevailed against them all together, because he gave the greatest gifts. But Chiron was tending the son of Peleus, swiftfoo~ed Achilles, pre-eminent among men, on woody Pehon; for he was still a boy. For neither warlike Menelaus nor any other of men on earth would have prevailed in suit tor Helen, if fleet Achilles had found her unwed. But, as it was, warlike Menelaus won her before. V7rep 'O'YvA.lov 7rIIV'TOV 8£a ICfjp,a ICEXat[vbv Tvv8ap~ov 7roTl 8wp,a oa[tjlpovo<;, atjlpa [r80lTO ,A ],bEl'l]v] 'EX~V'I]v, p,~o' /1,xXo<; 1 ot ICaTCL[ ,/,01'1'0 KOUP'l]V, '1';'<; IC ]A.~a 7raCTaV ~7rl XOova 8t:av iKaVEV. "I ICETO ~"]' ' p,E'Ya , [P,'I]OOp,EVO£O ~ , EVV ECT''{1 Z'l]vo<; ° (Thirteen lines lost.) , "" -" - -, [' ", *, * * * B IV T~ICEV 'Epp,£OVTJV ICaXXlCTtjlvpOV ~v JI-E'YapO£CTW oe OEol olxa OuP.Ov lOEVTO ~E lp£oo<;' 'Yap TOTE p,~OETO 8€CTICEXa ~P'Y" And she (Helen) bare neat-ankled Hermione in the palace, a child unlooked for. Now all the gods were divided through strife; for "H (J,EX7rTOV. 7raVTE<; 8q I ' ,,~.l..os Ol~! ClIf • III III l1li.. Papyrua. I The Papyrus here marks the begiuning of a second book possibly of the Eoia.. The passage (II. 2-50) probably led up to ..n account of the Trojan (alld Theban 1) war, in which, 199 HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 10 at that very time Zeus who thunders on high was meditating marvellous deeds, even to mingle storm and tempest over the boundless earth, and already he was hastening to make an utter end of the race of mortal men, declaring that he would destroy the lives of the demi-gods, that the children of the gods should not mate with wretched mortals, seeing their fate with their own eyes; but that the blessed gods henceforth even as aforetime should have their living and their habitations apart from men. But on those who were born of immortals and of mankind verily Zeus laid toil and sorrow upon sorrow. ... 16 ... ... ... nor anyone of men . . . should go upon black ships ..• to be strongest in the might of his hands • . . of mortal men declaring to all those things that were, and those that are, and those that shall be, he brings to pass and glorifies the counsels of his father Zeus who drives the clouds. For no one, either of the blessed gods or of mortal men, knew surely that he would contrive through the sword to send to Hades full many a one of heroes fallen in strife. But at that time he knew not as yet the intent of his father's mind,and how men delight in protecting their children from doom. And he delighted in the desire of his mighty father's heart who rules powerfully over men. From stately trees the fair leaves fell in abunaooording to Work/! and Day. 161-166, the Race of Herno. periBhed. The opening of the Gypria i8 somewhat similar. Somewhere in the fragmentary lines 13-19 a 80n of Zensalmost certainly Apollo-was intro(lnced, though for what purpose is not clear. With I. 31 the dest,ruction of man (cp. lL ~5) by storms which spoil his crops begins: the remaining verses n.ro parenthetic&l, describing the snake U which bear,g it·fi young in the spring season." 200 201 HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE (Traces of 37 following lines.) dance fluttering down to the ground, and the fruit fell to the ground because Boreas blew very fiercely at the behest of Zeus; the deep seethed and all things trembled at his blast: the strength of mankind consumed away and the fruit failed in the season of spring, at that time when the Hairless One I in a secret place in the mountains gets three young every three years. In spring he dwells upon the mountain among tangled thickets and brushwood, keeping afar from and hating the path of men, in the glens and wooded glades. But when winter comes on, he lies, in a close cave beneath the earth and covers himself with piles of luxuriant leaves, a dread serpent whose back is speckled with awful spots. But when he becomes violent and fierce unspeakably, the arrows of Zeus lay him low. Only his soul is left on the holy earth, and that flits gibbering about a small unformed den. And it comes enfeebled to sacrifices beneath the broadpathed earth • • • • and it lies • • • ." 69. Tzetus,I Exeg. fliad. 68. 19 H. A'Yap'€/LVruV, op.otru~ S~ tea£ M evJAao~ /CaB' 'HutoSov /Ca£ ' A,I II A€'U Bevov~ I , ~ 'A I ~.. I UXVAOV VIOV Tperu~ '1I'a,oe~ vop.'!:ovTat • • • /CaTd. S~ 'HutoSov. • • ' ATperu~ tea£ ,Aepo'1l''YJ~ IIA€tuBev'YJ~' IIAe,uBevov~ S~ /Cal KA€OAAa~ Ti)~ /llavTo~ 'A'Yap./.p.vruv, MeveAao~ /Ca£ 'AvaN3la. o· 1 c. 1l1()-1180 A.D. His chief work Wall in accentual verse of nearly 13,000 linea. 202 & poem, Ohiliadu, 69. Agamemnon and Menelaus likewise according to Hesiod and Aeschylus are regarded as the sons of Pleisthenes, Atreus' son. And according to Hesiod, Pleisthenes was a son of Atreus and Aerope, and Agamemnon, Menelaus and Anaxibia were the children of Pleisthenes and Cleolla the daughter of Dias. 1 i.e. the snake; as in Wark. and Datl8 524. the "Bonele•• OliO OJ is the cuttle·fish. HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOlAE 70. 70. "And she (Helen) bare to Menelans, famous with the spear, Hermione and her youngest·born, Nicostratus, a scion of Ares." 71. I know that Hesiod in the Catalogue of Women represented that I phigeneia was not killed but, by the will of Artemis, became Hecate. l Lt:I'Urentian Scholiast on Sophocles' Electra /iSI/. fJ T6/cff}' 'Epj-ttov7jv OOVPt/cAftTrp MfV€Aa'P' (J7rXOTaTOII 0' ~Tf/cEII Nt/couTpaTolI 81:011·Ap"lo,. 71. Pausanias, i. 43. 1. oIOa OE 'Hu[oooll '7J'OU]UaVTa Ell KaTaAoy'P YVllat/Cwv 'Icf)£'Y~II€tall OVIC (mof}aIlEIII, , oE ~"A pTEj-ttoO, ' ~ 'E' • yIlWj-t'[/ ICaT7j1l EtVat. 72. EU8tathiu8, Hom. 13. 44. sq. ~II Of, <paut, BOVT7j, " I IOUftoWIIO" ~" " HutooO, ' ~ Ell 'KaTaA.oy'P' ' ' vtO, w, 73. Pausamas, ii. 6. 5. . . . 'Hulooo, ••• E'7J'ot7jUfV W, ",tICVWII. "EpEX f}'EW, ft7j """ 74. Plato, Minos, p. 320. D. fJaUtXeVTaTo, lUICe /CaTaf}II7jTWII fJautX~wlI " I "'Y]vauue '7J'€ptICTtollwlI , 'f} ' /Cat '7J'A.etUTWII av PW7rWII ' " " " \ " fJ " Z"Ilia, exwII UIC7j7r7pOIl' Trp /Cat 7rOIl.EWII aU£A.ev€v. ti, 75. Hesychius,l E7r' Evpvyv'[/ ayoJV. M€A"IUayopa, \ 'A~' ' " 8a£' ' ''(''Y]U£ ' ' TOil lIopoyewlI E"vpvyV'Y]1I E£p'Y]U TOV '..I.' rp'" TOil , ,,.. ' '''' ' j £11000" f'(' aywlla n 'f} eu 8at E7rtTa'('toll M 'Af}~v'Y]utv Ell Tip ICa£ 'Hu£ooo,' " 'Af} , , , /COVpO, 7jllaWII tEpawv. Kepaj-t€tICip. ' ,~", 0 En E vpvyv7j, I Of Alexandria. He lived in the 5th century, and com· piled a Greek Lexicon. 20-4 72. Eutes, it is said, was a son ot Poseidon: so Hesiod in the Catalogue. 73. Hesiod represented Sicyon as the son of Erech· thens. 74. "(Minos) who was most kingly of mortal kings and reigned over very many people dwelling round about, holding the sceptre of Zeus wherewith he ruled many." 75. The athletic contest in memory of Euryg-yes Melesagoras says that Andl"Ogeos the son of Minos was called Eurygyes, and that a contest in his honour is held near his tomb at Athens in the Ceramicus. And Hesiod writes: "And Eurygyes,2 while yet a lad in holy Athens. .. 1 According t.o this account Iphigeneia was carried by Artemi.s to the Tauric Ohersollnese (the Crimea). The Tanri (Herodotus iv. 103) identified their maiden.goddess with Iphigeneia; but Euripides (Iph. in Taw';s) makes her merely priestess of the goddess. I For his murder Minos exacted a yearly tribute of boys alld girls, to be devoured by the Minotaur, from the Athenians. 20 5 HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 76. There are many tales ... 3bout Ariadne. how that she was deserted by Theseus for love of another woman: "For strong love for Aegle the daughter of Panopeus overpowered him." For Hereas of Megara says that Peisistratus reo moved this verse from the works of Hesiod. 0 OJ But Hesiod says that Theseus wedded both Hippe and Aegle lawfully. 77. 78. Argument 1. to the Shield 0/ Heracles. 'A7rOAXrovto~ oe 0 'P60to~ • •• tP"1O'lv aVTOV (,HO't60ov) "''' ... .. " ... I"\. ' Ewat EIC T6 TOV xapaICT"1po~ ICat EIC TOV 7ra",w TOV 'I OAaov ' '" ' , , tO'IC6W "IvtOXOVVTQ ' " EV T~ K aTa",O"'f~ EVP 'qpaICAEt 79. Schol. on Soph. Trach. 266. ~ 0' inroICvO'aj.£f.v"1 ICaAAl~wvo~ !,TpaTov/,,,"1 "EVPVTOV EV ' JLE'YapotO'w , , I ,1.." " E"(EtVa'TO 't't"'TaTov Vtov' TOV 0' vlE'i~ E"(f.VOVTO Atoalwv T€ KXVTlo~ TE TO~E6~ T' aV'TleEO~ Ioe "lcpt'To~. 8~o~ "Ap"1 o')' , De .' j.£€e"" , I: e'"IV 'I"o",6taV TOil,) 07rl\o0'TaT7JV TeIC€TO ~av 'AvTlirrr"l ICpelovO'a 7raAatoV Navf3oAloao. 1 Of N aucratis. His Deipnosophistae (" Dons at Dinner") is an encyclopredia of miscellaneous topics in the form of a dialogue. His date i. C. 230 A. D. 206 The snake of Cychreus: Hesiod says that it was brought up by Cychreus, and was driven out by Eurylochus as defiling the island, but that Demeter received it into Eleusis, and that it became her attendant. 78. But Apollonius of Rhodes says that it (the Shield of Hemeles) is Hesiod's both from the general character of the work and from the fact that in the Catalogue we again find lolaus as charioteer of Heracles. 79. "And fair-girdled Stratonica conceived and bare in the palace Eurytus her well-loved son. Of him sprang sons, Didaeon and Clytius and god-like Toxeus and Iphitus, a scion of Ares. And after these Antiope the queen, daughter Of the aged son of Naubolus, bare her youngest child, golden. haired lolea." HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 80. 80. "Who bare Autolycus and Philammon, famous in speech. .. All things that he (Autolycus) took in his hands, he made to disappear." Herodian. '1• , -eICev , "-VTO,,,VICOV • " , Te '!!,,,,upp,,ova rh' ' , Te IC",VTOV , ' allo'iv '. ' Etyrnologicum j}fagnurn. 1'iTT' ICe Xepul, A.a(3euICev, aeU5€A.u 7raVTa T£eea-ICGV. 8l. Apollonius, Hom. Lexicon. ' '1" "''1cyrjvopa ' II'8 eip, oov ' A"'7rVTO~ au.T€ICETO Te. 82. 8l. "Aepytus again, begot Tlesenor and Peirithous." 82. "For Locrus truly was leader of the Lelegian people, whom Zeus the Son of Cronos, whose wisdom is unfailing, gave to Deucalion, stones gathered out of the earth. So out of stones mortal men were made, and they were called: people." 1 83. " . . • Ileus whom the lord Apollo, son of Zeus, loved. And he named him by this name, because he found a nymph complaisant 2 and was joined with her in sweet love, on that day when Poseidon and Apollo raised high the wall of the well-built city." 84. Clymene the daughter of Minyas the SOn of Poseidon and of Euryanassa, Hyperphas' daughter, was wedded to Phylacus the son of Delon, and bare Iphiclus, a boy fleet of foot. It is said of him that 1 Heyne: !tAtar, Villebrun: &Xlovs, Strabo. Line 4 (quoted by SchoHa.t on Pindar, 01. ix. 68) wa. added by Berik to Str...bo'. ClitatioD. 108 1 There is a fancied connection between J.aas (stone) and J..&, (people). The reference is to the stones which Deucalion and Pyrrha transformed into men and women after the Flood. • EustathiUB identifies Ileus with OileuB, father of Aias. Here again there is fanciful etymology, 'lJ. •• , being similar 10 1" ... , (complaisant, gracioul). aog HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE ,,~ " ~ 0 at TOt~ ~" " TE 7TOOWV ap€T'I]V uvva/1-£I.."...",au aV€/1-0t~, €7rt ,., , ~'O C:-' I TWV aUTaxvwp ot€PX€U at ••• 'I] o€ tUTopta Trap , 'Huto8

f IE' ... 87. Athenaeu8 x. 428 B, c. • A twvvuo~ ' .~ , avopau£ , " , '){/p/1-a , N Bo~. Uta oW/C /Cat, ax OUTt~ l1o'l]v 7rlvV' oZvo<; BE oi i3TrA€TO /1-aP'Y0~' , OE 7rooa<; X€tpa~ ~, TE o€€t '" 'Y"wuuav " " ' TE voov , TE uvv OEU/1-o'i<; dcppaUTOtu£' cptAE'i oe /1-aAOaIC~<; VTrIlO<;. 88. Strabo ix. p. 442. 'H 07'1] AtM/1-ov~ iEPOV<; va£Ovua /CoXwvov<; " ~, "\ (.J' ""A ' AwTtw €V 7r€OtW 7rO"Vf.JOTPVO~ aliT p,VPOIO vl+a~o BOt~ufoo<; Al/1-v'l]~ 7rooa 7rapOevo<; dO/1-~~' 89. Sahal. on Pindar, Pyth. iii. 48. ''',,, .t'OE /Copas '-t: ' ' 'a7rO ' ' 'oatTO<; t-' T/jI /1-€V ap a'Y'YEAo<; 'I'" t€P'l]<; TIvOciJ €~ ~'YaOe'l]v, cppauu€v 0' I1pa gp'Y' dlo'l]Aa .' '. I e c.600 .... D., .. lecturer and grammarian of Constantinople. 210 through his power of running he could race the winds and could move along upon the ears of corn 1 • • • The tale is in Hesiod : "He would run over the fruit of the asphodel and not break it; nay, he would run with his feet upon wheaten ears and not hurt the fruit." 85. " And she bare a son Thoas." 86. Maro,! whose father, it is said, Hesiod relates to have been Euanthes the son of Oenopion, the son of Dionysus. 87. "Such gifts as Dionysus gave to men, a joy and a sorrow both. Who ever drinks to fullness, in him wine becomes violent and binds together his hands and feet, his tongue also and his wits with fetters unspeakable: and soft sleep embraces him." 88. "Or like her (Coronis) who lived by the holy Twin Hills in the plain of Dotium over against Amyrus rich in grapes, and washed her feet in the Boebian lake, a maid unwed." 89. "To him, then, there came a messenger from the sacred feast to goodly Pytho, a crow,s and he told Imitated by Vergil, Aen. vii. 808, describing Camilla. • Priest of Apollo, and, according to Homer, discoverer of wine. Maronea in Thrace is said to have been called after him. • The crow was originally white, but was turned black by Apollo in hi. anger at the neWI brought by the bird. I 2IJ HESIOD CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE .... '/3' ~"I uxv~ e'l'TJ/),E • K'oprovtV '1'0£ 'P aICEpuoIW}LV on El;\aTlB'1}<;, cI>A,€')'vao Bto,),V'IToto (Jv,),aTpa. 90. A thenagoras, 1 Petition for the Christians, 29. 'IT€P~ Be 'AuICA,'1}'lTtOV 'HuloBo~ }L€V,"',,"'" 'lTaT'1}p v avoprov T€ 8" €rov T€ xwuaT', th' OiJAV}L'lTOV Be /3aA,~v 'o/'OA,DeVn ICepavvfjJ gICTaV€ A'1}TOtO'1}V, cI>o~/3'P UVV (JV}LOV optVCIJV. 9l. Philorkmu8, On Piety, 34. 'Hu[oBo~ 'OJ (;\€')'€t TOV 'A'lTo",,,,rova f , , ) . , . }LE"''''Etv '" '" }LEV €£~ TOV T' apTapov " ",," /3' (J" " A " "',. V'lTO TOV '-"to~ E}L '"'1} 1/vat, T1/<; H'1}TOV~ v tIC€T€VUO,U1/<;, avBpl 81/T€VUat. 92. Schol. on Pindar, Pyth. ix. 6. °H Ot1/ " "'(J' ' • ''- '- €XOvua • "" LV X apLTrov a'ITo ICa",,,,o~ ~ , "'" , , K ' II 1/VlitOV 'Trap vorop ICafC'1} vateUICe vP1/Vf/. 93. Serviu8 on Vergil, Georg. i. 14. Aristaeum in voeat, id est, Apollinis et Cyrenes filium, quen: Hesiodus dicit Apollinem pastoral em. 94. Scholiast on Vergil, Georg. iv. 361. at ilium Curvata in montis faeiem cireumstetit unda. Hune versum ex Hesiodi Gynaecon transtulit. unshorn Phoebus of secret deeds, that Ischys son of Elatus had wedded Coronis the daughter of Phlegyas of birth divine. 90. Concerning Asclepius Hesiod says: "And the father of men and gods was wrath, and from Olympus he smote the son of Leto with a lurid thunderbolt and killed him, arousing the anger of Phoebus." f f 1 A philosopher of Athens under Hadrian and Antoninu8. He became a Chri.tian and wrote .. defence of the Chri.tiaDli addressed to AntoninUi l'iUl. 212 91. But Hesiod (says that Apollo) would have been cast by Zeus into Tartarus 1 j but Leto interceded for him, and he became bondman to a mortal. 92. " Or like her, beautiful Cyrene, who dwelt in Phthia by the water 6f Peneus and had the beauty of the Graces." 93. He invokes Aristaeus, that is, the son of Apollo and Cyrene, whom Hesiod calls "the shepherd Apollo." 2 94. "But the water stood all round him, bowed into the semblance of a mountain." This verse he has taken over from Hesiod', Catalogue of Women. • Zeus slew Asclepius (fr. 90) because of his snoceS8 as .. healer, and Apollo in revenge killed the Cyolop81! (fr. 64). In punishment Apollo was forced to 86"e Admetus "8 herdsman. (Op. Euripides, Ale••tis, 1-8.) • For Cyrene and AristaeuB, cpo Vergil, GtO'f"gic., iy. 315 0'. 21 3 HESIOD 95. Sahol. on Homer, fliad ii. 469. "R Ot'Y]V rl (rv"'I' B OWJn"7 ,,,fi'Tpe,/,f! ,I.. , ~ p£'Y] KOVP"7V, 96. Palaephatus,1 c. 42. 7Tlipl Z~Bov Kat 'AI-'cplovo~' , "" '.. O'T£ ~ ' UI'TOPOVJV 'Y' RpaKlcPj[ or; p.e'Ya"-~'T0fo~ 'AlcKalo£o; aU'Tliotar't ap"7£cp[ £lcO~ KfaTepo~ M€lcJa'Ypo~ EavOoKop.'1)~ ['O£vPjor; to' A,,-Oa£"7~ CP£lcO~ vio~' fi " \'" "'B[" " , ", B ' " " 'TOV Kat a7T O'/' a"l-'oov a7Te"al-'7TIi'TO e oe 7T0'T' EV Kalcvowv£ oaP.a A writer on mythology of uncertain date. I The fragment i. part of a leaf from a papyrus book of the 4th century A. D. CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE 95. "Or like her (Antiope) whom Boeotian Hyria nurtured as a maid." 96. Of Zethus and Amphion. Hesiod and some others relate that they built the walls of Thebes by playing on the lyre. 97. " There is a land Ellopia with much glebe and rich meadows, and rich in flocks and shambling kine. There dwell men who have many sheep and many oxen, and they are in number past telling, tribes of mortal men. And there upon its border is built a city, Dodona 1; and Zeus loved it and (appointed) it to be his oracle, reverenced by men ... And they (the doves) lived in the hollow of an oak. From them men of earth carry away all kinds of prophecy,whosoever fares to that spot and questions the deathless god, and comes bringing gifts with good omens," 98. " ... strife. •• Of mortals who would have dared to fight him with the spear and charge against him, save only Heracles, the great-hearted offspring of Alcaeus? Such an one was (?) strong Meleager loved of Ares, the golden-haired,dear son of Oeneus and Althaea. From his fierce eyes there shone forth portentous fire: and once in high Calydon he slew the destroying beast, the fierce wild I In Epirus. The oracle was first consulted by Deucalion and Pyrrha after the Flood. Later writers say that the god responded in the rustling of leaves in tho oaks for which tho place was famous. CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE HESIOD ° , :"l' """ " 8OIlTa. rJP" [AOOII X"'OVlI'T]lI trVII a'Yp!OIl aptY!o " n~ Ell , '7rO",Ep,rp , ' ['" ''''I~ ,.. OVTE OVT a!IIV OrJ!OTrJn ~TA'I} e~ I1I1Ta l8[wII aXE8011 e')c(}ep,ell oulle p,aXEO'(}a! 10 , ~ ... rJPW(}JV, f' f ' '['Ell 7rpop,axo£O'! , " ,' allopwv 07rOT ,(,alle!rJ tlAA' V7r' 'A 7rOAArovor; XEp[ O'lll fJeAEO'ill T' ellap,aa(}rJ p,apvap,€vo~ Kov[prJaw V7rEP KaAvllwllor; epallllij~. TOV<; 8' ItAAove; 'Owij[! Tf!cEV, ITop(}aollo~ vUp, l ()" !7r7rooap, f '" [ f, f. cf)7)pea 011 'A'YE"aoll T'ole ESOXOV a"AA roV 16 TO~fa T€ KAVP,€V[OIl T6 !Cal tlvTi(}6011 IT€picpavTa rOP'Y7)V T' ~v!Cop,ov [!Cal E7ricppolla t:.rJ!aV€!pall, ~ TEX' v7r01lp,7)(}6£[ tra fJiv 'Hpa!CA7)€iv "TAAOV !Cal rAijvoII !C~l [KT~O'£7r7rOIl !Cal 'Olitnw' TOV~ T~.IC€, !Cal8ew[oll EV atllp€iva£v ~pE~e 20 07r7rOT€ cpapp,a!C6[ €V. • AW7r[O~] !Cij[pa p,kAawav gxov • • • () " 99A. Sakol. on Homer, fliad. xxiii. 679. !Cal 'Htriolloe; ' " 'a7rO () aVOVTOC;, ' A ' Ile CP7)trW ell ""'fJ ot!J7) ate; aUTOU P'Y€!all "0 ' ' ' 'a",,,,o!<; , ... "(}"'" Of T7)V AopaO'Tov aVII €'" €W €7r. T7)V !C7)0E£all f boar with gleaming tusks. In war and in dread strife no man of the heroes dared to face him and to approach and fight with him when he appeared in the forefront. But he was slain by the hands and arrows of Apollo,l while he was fighting with the Curetes for pleasant Calydon. And these others (Althaea) bare to Oeneus, Porthaon's son; horsetaming Pheres, and Agelaus surpassing all others, Toxeus and Clymenus and godlike Periphas, and rich· haired Gorga and wise Deianeira, who was subject in love to mighty Heracles and bare him Hyllus and Glenus and Ctesippus and Odites. These she bare and in ignorance she did a fearful thing: when (she had received) ••. the poisoned robe that held black doom .... " 99A. And yet Hesiod says that after he had died in Thebes, Argeia the daughter of Adrastus together with others (cp. frag. 99) came to the lamentation over Oedipus. 99. 2 And (Eriphyle) bare in the palace Alcmaon,s shepherd of the people, to Amphiaraus. Him (Am- rru• I According to Homer and later writers Meleager wasted away when his mother Althea burned the brand on which hi. life depended, becanse he had .I"in her hrothers in the dispute for the hide of the Calydonian boar. (Cp. Bacchylides, Ode Y. 136 If.) • The fragment probably belongs to the Oa/atogue8 proper rather than to the Eoiae; but, a. its position i. uncertain, it may conveniently be e.ssoci..ted with Fraga. 99A and the I Most of the .ma.lIer restorations ..ppMr in the original publication but the larger are new: these last ..re highly conje.tnr..l: there being no definite olue to the general .enoe. • Alcmaon (who took part in the second of the two heroio Theban expeditions) i. perhaps mentioned only incidentally as the son of Amphiarau8, who 8eems to be cle&rly indicated in U. 7-8, and whoso story occupies 11. 5-10. At 1. 11 the subject change. and Electryon is introduced a. father of Alcmen... Toil Olomolloe;. 99. Papyri greci e latine, No. 131 (2nd-.3rd century).l fj gT€!C' EV P,€'YaPOt<;] 'AA!Cp,aova 7r[o£p,e]va Aa[wv. TOV p' V7r€P 'AP'YEtlOVC; Kallp,rJille)' €AJC€O'i7r€[ 7r AO£, 216 Shield of H erael... CATALOGUES OF WOMEN AND EOIAE HESIOD .f ] 8€~ T€ OEf1-a~ .' " ,."[ ITa" op-f1-aTa l'" €Vf1-E'YE etlTaVTa toOV af1-4nJ7TovTa] Tacpa~ 7TOAVIC'YJOJO~ 'Otomo[ oao, Oavf1-alTav ••• ] •• €VOVIC • TtVOV7!O [ •• •]pt[. • • • 6 Tip oe 7TOT' el~ ®il{3a]~ 6.avao' O€pa7TOVTE~ • Ap'YJ[o~ KIT7TOVO' &)~ ICe ••• ] IIOAvv€lICei !'V9\,}' 1 [&pOWTO. ev oe ICa' €loOTa 7T€p] Z'YJvo~ 7Tapa OJlTcpaTa [7TaVTa 'Ya'ia xavovlTa e T'YJAOV] a7T' 'AAcpe!OV (3aOvM[veru , , 0'''] ~ "" [" ICa7T7Tt€ ITVV t7T7T OtlT! ICat, apf1-alTt ICOfl.fI.'YJT OtlTt. 10 rilf1-€v I) 'RAeICTpvruv] IIJXo7To~ 7TeptICaXA€a [ICOVP'YJV" 10[' 'Y€tVaTO 0~" €V f1-€'YaPOtlTtV 0f1-0V ,,€XO~ nlTava/J awruv ,.] ~, " , [" II €plTeto'YJ~ 'YJprua ICat. atXp-'YJT1JV 7T€P €OVTa • •• ] 'Pvxovop-6v T€ K€XawJa 1" 'Af1-]cplf1-axov T€ • • • • . ] T€ ICa' Evpv{3wv ICA€tTOV Te [ • •• 16 TOV~ 7TaVTa~] Tacptot VaVlTlICXvTOt €feva[ptfav (30VlTtv €7T' €IXt]7TooelTlTtv, eX€'iv a[ • ]va[ ••• "" . . 0['" ' • • • V] ?]I'.ITITW €7T €vp€a vruTa a "alT(T'I]~ 'AAICf1-~V1J 0' apa] f1-0VV1J [€A.et7T ]1'.1'0 xapp,a 'Y0[veVlTtv • • • • ] •• ICa[, 'RA ]eKTpvwv[ 1J 2 • • • 20 , ~ I ]"\' • • • ' • • • • TJX' U7T00f1-1JOe'ilTa] IC[ €Aat ]vEcpJi Kpo[vtruvt • 100. Argument to the Shield of Heracles, i. Til~' AIT7TtOO~' ' ' rI..' TJ apX1J €V Tft' T€TapTft' K aTa"o'Yft' 't'Ep€Tat P-€Xpt ,, \' ITTtxruJl v ICat;". t" " ... I ,I phiaraus) did the Cadmean (Theban) women with trailing robes admire when they saw face to face his eyes and well-grown frame, as he was busied about the burying of Oedipus, the man of many woes. Once the DanaI, servants of Ares, followed him to Thebes, to win renown . . . for Polynices. But, though well he knew from Zeus all things ordained, the earth yawned and swallowed him up with his horses and jointed chariot, far from deepeddying Alpheus. But Electryon married the all-beauteous daughter of Pelops and, going up into one bed with her, the son of Perses begat ... and Phylonomus and Celaeneus and Amphimachus and .• _ and Eurybius and famous... All these the Taphians, famous shipmen, slew in fight for oxen with shambling hoofs, ... in ships across the sea's wide back. So Alcmena alone was left to delight her parents .•• and the daughter of Electryon ••• who was subject in love to the dark-clouded son of Cronos and bare (famous Heracles). 100. The beginning of the Shield as far as the 56th verse is current in the fourth Catalogue•. I ~:~,/>o[v (7), original publication. • For' Bcansion cf. Shield, n. 16, 82. 218 up HESIOD H~IO~OT A~nl}: SHIELD OF HERACLES HESIOD'S SHIELD OF HERACLES OR like her who left home and country and came to Thebes, following warlike Amphitryon,-even Alcmena, the daughter of Electryon, gatherer of the people. She surpassed the tribe of womankind in beauty and in height; and in wisdom none vied with her of those whom mortal women bare of union with mortal men. Her face and her dark eyes wafted such charm as comes from golden Aphrodite. And she so honoured her husband in her heart as none of womankind did before her. Verily he had slain her noble father violently when he was angry about oxen; so he left his own country and came to Thebes and was suppliant to the shield-carrying men of Cadmus. There he dwelt with his modest wife without the joys of love, nor might he go in unto the neat-ankled daughter of Electryon until he had avenged the death of his wife's great-hearted brothers and utterly burned with blazing fire the villages of the heroes, the Taphians and Teleboans; for this thing was laid upon him, and the gods were witnesses to it. And he feared their anger, and hastened to perform the great task to which Zeus had bound him. With him went the horse-driving Boeotians, breathing above their shields, and the Locrians who fight hand to hand, and the gallant Phocians eager for war and battle. And the noble son of Alcaeus led them, rejoicing in his host. But the father of men and gods lVas forming Z20 821 HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES another scheme in his heart, to beget one to defend against destruction gods and men who eat bread. So he arose from Olympus by night pondering guile in the deep of his heart, and yearned for the love of the well-girded woman. Quickly he came to Typhaonium, and from there again wise Zeus went on and trod the highest peak of Phicium 1: there he sat and planned marvellous things in his heart. So in one night Zeus shared the bed and love of the neat-ankled daughter of EIectryon and fulfilled his desire; and in the same night Amphitryon, gatherer of the people, the glorious hero, came to his house when he had ended his great task. He hastened not to go to his bondmen and shepherds afield, but first went in unto his wife: such desire took hold on the shepherd of the people. And as a man who has escaped joyfully from misery, whether of sore disease or cruel bondage, so then did Amphitryon, when he had wound up all his heavy task, come glad and welcome to his home. And all night long he lay with his modest wife, delighting in the gifts of golden Aphrodite. And she, being subject in love to a god and to a man exceeding goodly, bronght forth twin Though they were sons in seven-gated Thebe. brothers, these were not of one spirit; for one was weaker but the other a far better man, one terrible and strong, the mighty Heracles. Him she bare through the embrace of the son of Cronos lord of dark clouds and the other, Iphicles, of Amphitryon the spear-wielder-off'spring distinct, this one of union with a mortal man, but that other of union with Zeus, leader of all the gods. I II........ J.,. K L~l. I A mountain peak near Thebes which took its name from the Sphinx (ca!lea in Th.OIl. 326 .'~). SHIELD OF HERACLES HESIOD "O~ Kat KVKVOV ~7r€cf>vev, ' Ap1JTtao1J1I fLE'YaeVfLOV; " \, ,f IJ 'A €UP€ 'Yap €V T€P,€VEt €KaT1JtJ0/\,ov 7ro/\'/\'WVO~ l\"A " ov P1JV, aaTov " OW, 7ro/\,€fL 1",\ " aVTOV Kat\ I 7raT€pa I, , "e T€VXW't /\'afL7r0fLEVOV~ O'€",a~ W~ 7rVpO~ al 0fLEVOW, r ", <::-1 rI.. ~, 'f , I fl €O'TaOT €V OI'l'P'P' X ova 0 €KTV7rOV WK€€~ 17r7rOt , "\ ' e' ,"'\ t\ I 60 OJ VVO'O'OVT€<; X1JA.VO't, KIJV£<; O'Cp' afLcpl8E01}Et ,"'\. ,. fri.'rf "rl K07rTOP,€V1J 7r",€KTotO'W v'I' apfLaO'£ Kat 7rornv t7r7rWV. fI, ~", \ " 'A. It:),.., app,aTa 0 €V7rO£1JTa Kal aVTV'Y€~ ap''I'apatJt .. ov f/ I f I \:'\ 17r7rWV l€fL€VWV' K€XaP1JTo O€ ',,\' A' f\ " €/\,7rop,evo<; '->£0<; VIOV ap1JwlI , '. I \ ' , K'VKVO~ aftvp,WV, ,. f' , 1JV£oXOV , , 65 Te ~, , xa/\,K'P 01JlWO'eW Kat a7rO K/\,VTa T€Vx€a OVO'€tV. ' , , ' 01" €vxw/\,ewv , • , '" "" Q 'A 7rO/\,/\,wv' " , a",/\'a owc EK/\,VE '>'0£1"0<; " If,,, 10' 'R ' I aVTO~ 'Yap 01 E7rWPO'E tJ£1JV paK/\,1J€I1JV. , of, 'Q ' '70 7rav 0~, a/\,O'o<; Kal tJwfL0<; 7rO/\'/\'WVO~ a'YaO'a£ov 'A " , II "'e'" /\,ap,7r€v V7rO o€WO£O €OV T€VX€WV T€ Ka£ aVTOV' ' . .I.e ' \ ,. a7r€/\,ap,7r€To. , ,,\' " K€V €K€£VOV , 7rVP 0 W<; 0'f' a",p,wv Tt<; ", e ' ewv " KaT€VaVTtOV "e €T/\,1J oPP,1J ' 'Y)va£ f\~ "\., .... I ",.. ~ t" V1JTO~ 7rA.1}V 'Y' 'RpaKA.1]o<; Kat KVOaA.l.fLov 'IoAaov; , , '.... QI , ... " 75 K€WWV 'Yap P,€'Ya/\,'Y) T€ tJI'Y) Kal X€£P€~ aa7rTOI '1:: WfLWV " , 'A. ' \ O'TttJapO£O'£ Q ' " e., €7rE'f'VKOV €7rt fL€/\,€O'O'£V' '" 'e'"'Y)VIOXOV 7rpOO'€'f''Y) IA. o~ pa TO "R pw~ W• 'I"o/\,a€, YJ• l" P,€'Y TE a e ' KpaT€pOV 'I"°",aov' Q ' " \ 'f'£",TaT€ A.', ' tJPOTWV 7rO,W 7raVTWV. I avaTOV<; I p,aKapa<;. TO£, "0"/\,VP,7rOV " €XOVO'£V, 'AP''f''TPVWV, A. ' " " eVO'T€'f'avov 'A. ICA 'Q OT 7ron\ 'OCI'Y)tJ1Jv " 'Y)",tT€V 80 r,A.e€ A.£7rcl,v Tipvvea,l eVKT[p,€VOV 7rTO).,[€epOVI , 'R'"'€KTpVWVa ' (.J'" rI " , tJ0wv EVEK EVpVp'ETW7rWV' , K ' ' '" 0~, E~ p€£OVTa Kat\ 'R VWX1JV TaVV7r€7r",OV, KT€£Va~ "IKETO &' f , "".., , I " '"' 01 pa p'IV 1JO'7ra .. OVTo Kat app,Eva 7raVTa 7rap€£xov. !1~' ,~, '/ o£K1J EO' 'IC€T?lO't. nov oE E 2 IC1Jpo £ fLa",,,,ov. "e'" • 'e" , 1M: .,.lpu.S', GRI: Tlpuu8ou, moot MSS, : "-lip'uS.,, B. • Ranke: H ')'0, GHI: 3' ~pm, other MSf1 224 85 And he slew Cycnus, the gallant son of Ares. For he found him in the close of far-shooting Apollo, him and his father Ares, never sated with war. Their armour shone like a flame of blazing fire as they two stood in their car: their swift horses struck the earth and pawed it with their hoofs, and the dust rose like smoke about them, pounded by the chariot wheels and the horses' hoofs, while the well-made chariot and its rails rattled around them as the horses plunged. And blameless Cycnus was glad, for he looked to slay the warlike son of Zeus and bis charioteer with the sword, and to strip off their splendid armour. But Phoebus Apollo would not listen to his vaunts, for he himself had stirred up mighty Heracles against him. And all the grove and altar of Pagasaean Apollo flamed because of the dread god and because of his arms; for his eyes flashed as with fire. What mortal man would have dared to meet him face, to face save Heracles and . glorious lolaus? For great Was their strength and unconquerable were the arms which grew from their shoulders on their strong limbs. Then Heracles spake to his charioteer strong lolaus : "0 hero Iolaus, best beloved of all men, truly Amphitryon sinned deeply against the blessed gods who dwell on Olympus when he came to sweetcrowned Thebe and left Tiryns, the well-built citadel, because he slew Electryon for the sake of his widebrowed oxen. Then he came to Creon and longrobed Eniocha, who received him kindly and gave him all fitting things, as is due to suppliants, and honoured him in their hearts even more. And he HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES , " ,EII<;r ®~{3'1<; ICP'1,~ PIiETat ,'T€ 7ro"''{la olov o~ ICal 'TOVOE {3poTov ICpaTEpov TE p.E'Yav 'Te .10<; ,I I 'n ". OVO' 'IcpIICXdo'1V OEIOl,ETaI, aX7I,d P.III ofw CPEv,E 116 lived joyfully with his wife the neat.ankled daughter of Electryon : and presently, while the years rolled on, we were born, unlike in body as in mind, even your father and r. From him Zeus took away sense, so that he J"ft his home and his parents and went to do honour to the wicked Eurystheus-unhappy man! Deeply indeed did he grieve afterwards in bearing the burden of his own mad folly; but that cannot be taken back.. But on me fate laid heavy tasks. "Yet, come, friend, quickly take the red-dyed reins of the swift horses and raise high courage in your heart and guide the swift chariot and strong fleet-footed horses straight on. Have no secret fear at the noise of man-slaying Ares who now rages shouting about the holy grove of Phoebus Apollo, the lord who shoots from afar. Surely, strong though he be, he shall have enough of war." And blameless lolaus answered him again : "Good friend, truly the father of men and gods greatly honours your head and the bull-like Earth-Sbaker also, who keeps Thebe's veil of walls and guards the city,-so great and strong is this fellow they bring into your hands that you may win great glory. But come, put on your arms of war that with all speed we may bring the car of Ares and our own together and fight; for he shall not frighten the dauntless son of Zeus, nor yet the son of Iphiclus: rather I think he will flee before the two sons of blameless Alcides who are near him and eager to raise the War cry for battle j for this they love better than a feast." HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES 116 120 125 130 135 140 uS So he said. And mighty Heracles was glad in heart and Smiled, for the other's words pleased him well, and he answered him with winged words: " 0 hero lolaus, heaven-sprung, now is rough battle hard at hand. But, as you have shown your skill at other times, so now also wheel the great black-maned horse Arion about every way, and help me as you may be able." ~~ he said, and put upon his legs greaves of shmmg bronze, the splendid gift of Hephaestus. Next he fastened about his breast a fine golden breast-plate, curiously wrought, which Pallas Athene the daughter of Zeus had given him when first he was about to set out upon his grievous labours. Over his shoulders the fierce warrior put the steel that sav~s me~ from doom, a~d across his breast he slung be~~d hIm a hollow qUIver. Within it were many chIllIng arrows, dealers of death which makes speech forgotten: in front they had death and trickled with tea:s; their shafts were smooth 'and very long,' and theIr butts were covered with feathers of a b~own ~~le. And he took his strong spear, pointed WIth shmmg bronze, and on his valiant head set a well-made helm of adamant, cunningly wrought, which fitted closely on the temples; and that guarded the head of god-like Heracles. In his hands he took his shield, all glittering: no one ever broke it with a blow or crushed it. And a wonder it was to see; for its whole orb was a-shimmer with enamel and white ivory and electrum and it glowed with shining gold; and there wer~ 229 SHIELD OF HERACLES HESIOD A.aWTrop.evov, KVaVOV 8E cIa 7TTUx€~ ~A.qXavTO. , P.€rIrIrp , I" " -I. ' eV 0~"~, aoap.aVTo~ e'T]v 't:) OfJo~ OV Tt ,/,aTetO~. ~p.7raXtV 8UrIotrIW 7rVpt Xap.7rop.evotrI! O€OOPKW~' 145 '''~ ' "",ev/Ca' 8eOVTWV, ' TOV~ Kal"~, OOOVTWV P.€V 7T "'''ITO uTop.a Ol!tV(OV a7rX~TWV, SE /3A.OrIVpo'io p.eTW7rOV ~ '"E ' , ' ,~~ O€W'T] pt~ 7re7rOT'T]TO /CoPVUUOVrIa /C A. OVOV avopwv, -I .' '''' cb. WTWV. " rIXeT ,,' ",1"1, 'T~,' ] pa VOOV Til /Ca£"€K ,/,p€va~ €1",eTO OrT!V€~ aVT!fJl'T]v 7T6xEP.OV .:lt~~ vIt cpepot€v. 150 TOW /Ca, -ruXat P.El' X80va Mp.EVat •AtSo~ efrIOI , 2;"~' rI.. '(... , /Ca/C/CtoV, OUTEa o€ rI'/'t 7rEpt ptVO£o Ua7T€lrI'T]~ '2.etplov a~aXEotO p.€XalVlI 7TlJ8€Tat afll' 'Ev SE npotro~l~ Te naXlw~l~ T€ TeTV/CTo, €V 0"'0 p.a86~ Te ofJo~ T" Avop0/cTarIt"l T€ o€S~et, 155 €V S' ·Ept~, €V OE Kvootp.~~ €8vveov, €V S' oXory Kryp aX/\,ov ~roov EXOVrIa veovTaTov, a",,,,ov aovTov, IJ.XXov TE8v"IWTa /CaTlL p.o80v ~/Ce 7roSo'iw. • ~'""-I.'. "-I.'" -I. ~ elp.a 0 ap.,/, wP.OtUt oa,/,otveov alp.aT! ,/,roTroV, oe£v~V Sep/Cop.ev"I /Cavaxvut Te fJefJpvxv'ia. 160 'Ev (j ocplOlv /CEcpaXat oewwv ~rIav, 06 T! cpaT€tWV, OWOE/Ca, ratcpofJeErI/Cov €7rt X80vl cpuX' av8pw7Trov, or Ttv€~ aVT!fJl'T]v 7roXep.ov .:lt~~ vl£ cpepOtEV' " " ,," TroV /Cal" .OOOVTOIV P.EV /CavaXIJ"7r€",EV, €VTE p.aXOtTO 'A p.cpvrpvroVtaolJ~, ,~, 0' ,~, 8 " 165 Ta 0 EOa£€TO avp.aTa' EP'Ya. I . "-I. ' ' ' " 'oetvotrIt ' "0 ' UT!'Yp.aTa 0" ,W~ E7T€'j'aVTo IO€tV opa/cOVrItv' "" 'Y€veta. tevav€ot /CaTa vroTa, p.e",av8,}uav OE e7r' ,,"\. ,...' 1/. , ,,'"\.'\. JI ex , , '" " I I Sohol.: 3! 3pd.o..,.OS, MSS. cp .. L 254), Tr.: a.bni'v, 1:188. I (=I(< '3° zones of cyanus 1 dtawn upon it. In the centre was Fear worked in adamant, unspeakable, staring backwards with eyes that glowed with fire. His mouth was full of teeth in a white row, fearful and daunting, and upon his grim brow hovered frightful Strife who arrays the throng of men: pitiless she, for she took away the mind and senses of poor wretches who made war against the son of Zeus. Their souls passed beneath the earth and went down into the house of Hades; but their bones, when the skin is rotted about them, crumble away on the dark earth under parching Sirius. Upon the shield Pursuit and Flight were wrought, and Tumult, and Panic, and Slaughter. Strife also, and Uproar were hurrying about, and deadly Fate was there holding one man newly wounded, and another unwounded; and one, who was dead, she was dragging by the feet through the tumult. She had on her shoulders a garment red with the blood of men, and terribly she glared and gnashed her teeth . And there were heads of snakes unspeakably frightful, twelve of them; and they used to frighten the tribes of men on earth whosoever made war against the son of Zeus; for they would clash their teeth when Amphitryon's son was fighting: and brightly shone these wonderful works. And it was as though ther~ were spots upon the frightful snakes: and theIr backs were dark blue and their jaws were black. 1 CyanuB was a glass-paste of doep blue colour: the "zones" were concentrio bands in which were the Rcenes described by the poet_ The figure of Fear (1- 44) ocoupied the centre of the ehield, and Oceanus (\. aU) enclosed the whole. 23 1 HESIOD oe CTVruV xA,06vrov'llTo,v ~OE A,EOVTroV ' 0 " tEftevrov , KOTeovTrov TE. ... ,f,,\~' ", '1::'1 , 170 Trov Kat Oftt"'7JOOV lTTtxe~ 7JtlTo,v' ovoe VV Tro 'YE ,~, , A,."' 1" ~ A,. OVO€TepOt TP€ET7JV' 't'P£lTlTOV 'Ye. ftEV avx€va~ aft't'w. .~ , A,.' ' , , " ' A,.'~' , "10"1 'Yap IT't'tV €KEtTO fte'Ya~ "'t~, aft't't oe Ka7rpOt 00£01, a7rOvpaftEVO£ +vxd~, KaTlt 01. lTcf>t K€A,atVOv • " , , 'Q ,. 1'" ,I~' " 'I! ' a'ft a7r€M!tf-JET Epa~' o. 0 avx€va, €,>Ept7rOVT€~ , " "Q, ",,' 175 K€laTO TE0 V7JWTE~ V7TO f-J",OlTVPOtlTt ",eOVlTtv. , ~, ~ """ ' , 0 ' , 0 TOt 0 ETt fta",,,,OV €'Y€tp€U "IV KOTeOVTE ftaX€U at, , ,1,.' "\. ... " ,"\., aft't'oTEpOt, x",oVvat TE uve~ XaP07rOt T6 "'EOVTE~. 'EV 0..,."IV vu , fttV7J , A a7rt 0' , , awv a'Xft"lTawV " " aVaKTo, . A" ' T"aft't" u.pvaVTa Te II etpt'0' OOV Te Katvea '07r",ea ,,' T, 'E c;ao,ov I! ' ~ , TE 'J'a","Ipov if> ' " , I I ' ' ' ' TE 180 TE po",oxov '1> T tTap"lutov, ,. "I" "AP7J 0<;, M '.,. 'I' OV T' 'A ft7TVKtD7JV, o~ov ®7Juea T' Al'Yeto"lV, E7rtElK€A,ovaOavdTotCT'II' " I \ .\' , ,,, ap'Yvp€ot, XpVlT€to, 7rEp. XpOi T€Vxe eXOVT€~. I{lVTaVpo£ 0' hepwOEV EvavTlot ~'YEPEOOVTO 18~ aftcf>t ft€'Yav II€Tpatov lo' "AufJoA,OV olwv£uT~v 'A pKTOV T' O~' " ' M' VP€toV TE ft€",a'Yxa£T"Iv T€ £ftaVTa ~'II J.I> II Eptft"lOEa ,~, A', ' Kal\ OVO 6VK€'Oa~, TE "'pva"ov T€, " I hi' \'f ap'Yvp€ot, xpvu€a~ EJ\,aTa~ €V xeplTtV EXOVT6'). , oJ. t' 1'.' " Kat T6 lTVva''Y07Jv w') lit ~wOt 7r6p EOVTE~ ;'YXElTtv ~o' EAaT?l~ aVTOUX€OOV ruP£'YV/lJVTO. 100 'EV 00' "A pEO~ f-J",OlTVPOto Q" " ~ '" 7TOOWK€~ €lTTalTaV "t7r7rot , , O€ ~\ , \ ,€vapu't'0fo~ ",' "" "A P7J~ XrVlT€Ot, €V Ka., aVTO~ OV"W~ a£Yft~v EV X€lp€lTu£v ;XWV, 7rPVA,€€lTlT£ K€A,E6wv, ,/" A,. , • 'I" \, 'I" a'ftaTt 't'0tV£KO€t~, ro~ 6' ~wov~ €vapt~WV Otcf>pov E7rEftfJEfJaw~' 7rapa. oe ~Etft6" TE &''YEA,o,£ , A,. , ~, E~ CT't'Eo,~ OEpKOftEVroV, ° f 33 3 , SHIELD OF HERACLES Also there were upon the shield droves of boars and lions who glared at each other, being furious . and eager: the rows of them moved on together, and neither side trembled but both bristled up their manes. For already a great lion lay between them aud two boars, one on either side, bereft of life, and their dark blood was dripping down upon the ground; they lay dead with necks outstretched beneath the grim lions. And both sides were roused still more to fight becllllse they were angry, the fierce boars and the bright-eyed lions. And there was the strife of the Lapith spearmen gathered round the prince Caeneus and Dryas and Peirithous, with Hopleus, Exadius, Phalereus, and Prolochus, Mopsus the son of Ampyce of Titaresia, a scion of Ares, and Theseus, the son of Aegeus, like unto the deathless gods. These were of silver, and had armour of gold upon their bodies. And the Cen· taurs were gathered against them on the other side with Petraeus and Asbolus the diviner, Arctus, and Ureus, and black-haired Mimas, and the two sons of Peuceus, Perimedes and Dryalus: these were of silver, and they had pinetrees of gold in their hands, and they were rushing together as thougb they were alive and striking at one another hand to hand with spears and with pines. And on the shield stood the fleet-footed horses of grim Ares made of gold, and deadly Ares the spoilwinner himself. He held a spear in his hands and was urging on the footmen: he was red with blood as if he were slaying living men, and he stood in his chariot. Beside him stood Fear and Flight, eager to plunge amidst the fighting men. There, too, was the daughter of Zeus, Tritogeneia HESIOD I 11. 203-5 are clearly intrusive and are rejocted by Baumeister. • 11. 209-11 are not found in Q. and are rejected by Pepp. muller. They appear to .be an alternative version of 11. 211212. I Ranke: ~.p.I•••r. Q: l.po'/lo •• F: 1,.1...... other MSS. SHIELD OF HERACLES who drives the spoil,1 She was like as if she would array a battle, with a spear in her hand, and a golden helmet, and the aegis about her shoulders. And she was going towards the awful strife. And there was the holy company of the deathless gods: and in the midst the son of Zeus and Leto played sweetly on a golden lyre. There also was the abode of the gods, pure Olympus, and their assembly, and infinite riches were spread around in the gathering of the deathless gods. Also the goddesses, the Muses of Pieria were beginning a son" like clear-voiced singers. '" And on the shield was a harbour with a saf" haven from the irresistible sea, made of refined tin wrought in a circle, and it seemed to heave with waves. In the middle of it were many dolphins rushing this way and that, fishing: and they seemed to be swimming. Two dolphins of silver were spouting and devouring the mute fishes. And beneath them fishes of bronze were trembling. And on the shore sat a fisherman watching: in his hands he held a casting net for fish, and seemed as if about to cast it forth. There, too, was the son of rich-haired Danae, the horseman Perseus: his feet did not touch the shield and yet were not far from it-very marvellous to remark, since he was not supported anywhere; for so did the famous Lame One fashion him of gold with his hands. On his feet he had winged sandals, and his black-sheathed sword was slung across his shoulders by a cross-belt of bronze. He was flying 1 "She who drives herds," i.e. U The Victorious," ainee herd. were the chief spoil gained by the victor in ancient warfare. 3J5 HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES 7ra" 8f p.ETacppe"o" elX4! "aP"l Se£"o£o 7reXrupov. r0P'Y0v~' ap.cpt BE P.W "t!3Hn~ 8Ee, 8avfM1- lSECT8cu, apryvpe'T}' 8uCTa,,0£ Be "aT'[1oopevvTo cpaewot 22Ii XPUCTE£O£' Sewn O€ 7rept "poTacpo£CTw l£va"To~ " , "A£oo~ ~ I \~, rI.. " J/ "E£T "VV€'T} VV"TO~. ~0't'0V awov exouCTa, , I "\ ,~ \,' " aUTO~ oe CT7Teuoovn "a, Epp,"!ovn €o£"oo~ IIepCT€ti~ A.a"ato'T}~ €nTa[V€TO, Tat Se P.ET' alnov .... ' T€ "a.\ OU'A.'t'aTat'€PPOOOVTO , 230 ' a7r"''T}To£ rff0p'Y0"e~ , . , 't"'"\ ,..'t'" !ep.eva£ p.a7r€e£", fi7r£ oE X",oopOV aoaf'aVTo~ r:J '" I ,"\, 1;'''' /JawoVCTEOOV £aXECT"e CTa"o~ P-E'Ya",rp opup.a'Y0rp o~ea "at X£'YEOO~' €7rt Se !;ruV'[1CT£ Spd"ovTIl ~" ... " E7r£"VPTOOOVTE , , 00£00 a7rTloop€UVT "ap'T}va, .~'" , I t"J" ,~, X[xp.a!;ov 0 afa TOO 'YE' p.eVE£ 0 ExapaCTCTO" oOOVTM l£'Yp£a Sep"op.EV(J), €7rt Se SEWO'iCT£ "ap~vo£~ 236 ,~ " .. t m , r.I I' . . ' I " ' r 0p'Ye£o£~ EOOVE£TO F'Ya~ ""o/J0<;, 0. 0 V7rEP aVTEOOV •• , '8'T}V 7I'o",€p.'T}£a ... ' Tevxe ' " ExovTe~, avope~ €p.af)vaCT \ " \ A.' '... A.' ,. TO' P.EV V7rep CT't'ETep'YJ~ 7I'0"'£0~ CT't'ET€POOV T€ TO"'YJOOV XO£'Y0" ap.U"oVTE~, TOt Se 7I'pa8€EW p.ep.aWTe~, 240 " "eaTo, 7r",eOve~ '\ ' """ 7roXXOO\ P.E" 0 en o'T}P£" exovTe~ , 8' ' a£'.' " EUOp,'T}TOOV ,"' , \7I'UP'YOOv , p,apva" OE 'Yvva£"E~ E7r£ " / : ' r . I ' , . " . ' , XaX"EOOV o,v /J0OOV, "aTa 0 EOPV11'TOVTO 7rap€£a~, Y" • '\ " ... "'RA.' ~OOTlCT!V £"E",a£, ep'Ya "",VTOV 't'a£CTTo£o. ,,~ t'" Q"''' .. " T€ p.ef'ap7rEV, OJI: aVOp€<; 0 , oi 7rP€CT/J'T}E~ €CTaV 'Y'YJpa~ ""'. ' "e"ToCT 8EV 7rU"'EOOV ... , ECTav, " ~., " a' 8 pOOL av OE 8eo£CT£ "'" I '\ ..J..' , XE£~a~ EXOV f'a"ap€CTCT£, 7rEpO CT't'€T€PO£CT£ TE"ECTCT£ , , " SE£ £OTe<;' TOO Q aVTE p,ax'T}V EXOV, a. o€' f'€T, , I aVTOur; , '\ " apa/J€VCTa£ r.I" '.' Kf)pE~ "vavea£, ",ev"ou~ OOOVTar;, SewOO7rat !3XoCTvpa[ TE Bacpo£vat T' l£7rX'YJTa£ Te 250 "~ , " . °' ap ",t€VTO of)pw EXOV 7rEpO\ 7r£7I'TOVTOOV' 7I'aCTa£ ". , ' a i p,a p.€Aa" 7I'£€E£V' OV ' uE " 7rpOOTO" p.ef'a7ro£€v .. \.'. . ". . 236 swift as thought. The head of a dreadful monster, the Gorgon, covered the broad of his back, and a bag of silver-a marvel to see-contained it: and from the bag bright tassels ot gold hung down. Upon the head of the hero lay the dread cap 1 of Hades which had the awful gloom of night. Perseus himself, the son of Danae, was at full stretch, like one who hurries and shudders with horror, And after him rushed the Gorgons, unapproachable and unspeakable, longing to seize him: as they trod upon the pale adamant, the shield rang sharp and clear with a loud clanging. Two serpents hung down at their girdles with heads curved forward; their tongues were flickering, and their teeth gnashing with fury, and their eyes glaring fiercely. And upon the awful heads of the Gorgons great Fear was quaking. 287 And beyond these there were men fighting in warlike harness, some defending their own town and parents from destruction, and others eager to sack it; many lay dead, but the greater number still strove and fought. The women on well-built towers of bronze were crying shrilly and tearing their cheeks like living beings-the work of famous Hephaestus. And the men who were elders and on whom age had laid hold were all together outside the gates, and were holding up their hands to the blessed gods, fearing for their own sons; But these again were engaged in battle: and behind them the dusky Fates, gnashing their white fangs, lowering, grim, bloody, and unapproachable, struggled for those who were falling, for they all were longing to drink dark blood. So soon as they caught a man I Th. cap of darkness which mad. it. wellrsr invisible. 237 HESroD I .., SHIELD OF HERACLES , , , ~~ ,,. K6tp.evov '1 '1t't7rTOVTa VEoVTaTol/, ap.,/,' p.ev aVTrp ', ' . '.,. 0' 0 " (3a",A ovvxa~ p.€ryaAov~, .,.. vX'I' .v' "A toOUO€ KaTVEV ' , TapTapov €~ rl atp.aTo~ , '.'.•' d. t' 'OJ·\ t",.,.,' KPVOEV • at VE ,/,p€va~ ' , ,", .. " apEuavTo , EtiT 'fl , 256 , avopop.wv, TOV p.€V pt7rTaUKOV 07rtuuO), ' . 'tovuat. " a.,.. v op.avov Kat P.WA-OV E'0 VV€OV aVTt~ KA,WOc:, Kat Aax€ul~ ucptV 'cfJEUTaUav' '-/, , v,/,'1 uuwv 'A Tp07rO~ ov. n" 7rEA€V ,.. \ ',,\ "\. ' " p.Erya",'YJ rf.. ~ p.Ev 0' "". " ry€ €o<;, a",,,, apa '1 I (3' ,.,. TWV ry€ P.€V a"'A-aruv 7rpo,/,€P1}~ T 1}V 7rpEU VTaT'I Te. " , -/,' , \ -/, 0 " "0 €VTO. 261 7raUaL 0. ' ap.,/, €v. 'f'run" p.ax'1v vptp.€LaV E • ' 0v" E~ a"'''''1",a~ " , I, . '" 1 o€tva vpaKov op.p.auL 0 vp.1}vauat, ,~,,, "" 0 " , EV 0 ovvxa~ XEtpa<; T€ pau€ta~ LuwuaVTO. '~"A"\.' ~" ",, 7rap v X"'tI~ €tUT'IKEL €7rtup.vryEP1} 'Til Kat atv1}, , " , I , " " 266 XA-ruP1} aVU'Ta",€'1 "'tp.rp Ka'Ta7r€7r'T'IVLa, , \ to'" , r,. ryovvo7raX1}<;, p.aKpo. v OVVX€~ X€tpeuutJ) V7r'luav. 'T1]~ EK p.Ev {JtvCJv p.6EaLt' eov, EK oe 7rapEtCJv ,1(3 €'T,,,€pa~' 1" " e' 23 8 , " overthrown or falling newly wounded, one of them would clasp her great claws about him, and his soul would go down to Hades to chilly Tal'tarus. And when they had satisfied their souls with human blood, they would cast that one behind them, and rush back again into the tumult and the fray. Clotho and Lachesis were over them and Atropos less tall than they, a goddess of no great frame, yet superior to the others and the eldest of them. And they all made a fierce fight over one poor wretch, glaring evilly at one another with furious eyes and fighting equally with claws and hands. By them stood Dark. ness of Death, mournful and fearful, pale, shrivelled, shrunk with hunger, swollen-kneed. Long nails tipped her hands, and she dribbled at the nose, and from her cheeks blood dripped down to the ground. She stood leering hideously, and much dust sodden with tears lay upon her shoulders. 270 Next, there was a city of men with goodly towers'; and seven gates of gold, fitted to the lintels, guarded it. The men were making merry with festivities and dances; some were bringing home a bride to her husband on a well-wheeled car, while the bridal. song swelled high, and the glow of blazing torches held by handmaidens rolled in waves afar. And these maidens went before, delighting in the festival; and after them came frolicsome choirs, the youths sin?,ing soft-mouthed to the sound of shrill pipes, whIle the echo was shivered around them, and the girls led on the lovely dance to the sound of lyres. Then again on the other side was a rout of young men revelling, with fiutes playing; some frolicking 239 HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES with dance and song, and others were going forward in time with a flute player and laughing. The whole town was filled with mirth and dance and festivity. 285 Others again were mounted on horseback and galloping before the town. And there were ploughmen breaking up the good soil, clothed in tunics girt up. Also there was a wide cornland and some men were reaping with sharp hooks the stalks which bended with the weight of the ears-as if they were reaping Demeter's grain: others were binding the sheaves with bands and were spreading the threshing floor. And some held reaping hooks and were gathering the vintage, while others were taking from the reapers into baskets white and black clusters from the long rows of vines which were heavy with leaves and tendrils of silver. Others again were gathering them into baskets. Beside them was a row of vines in gold, the splendid work of cunning Hephaestus: it had shivering leaves and stakes of silver and was laden with grapes which turned black.1 And there were men treading out the grapes and others drawing off the liquor. Also there were men boxing and wrestling, and huntsmen chasing swift hares with a leash of sharp-toothed dogs before them, they eager to catch the hares, and the hares eager to escape. . Next to them were horsemen hard set, and they contended and laboured for a prize. The charioteers standing on their well-woven cars, urged on their swift horses with loose rein; the jointed cars flew 298 'roC ')'E p.b a~ 7raC(orru Inr' ab}..7J'Tijp' ~tca"TOJ This line, which is perhaps an alternative for 11. 282--3 and may have once .teod .. t the foot of .. MS. P"ie, i. omitted by many yss, 24° 1 The existing text of the vineyard scene is .. componnd of two different version., clnmsily adapted, &nd eked out with 80me m..keshift additiollB. HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES 8e i1p/LaTa ICOA.A.~eVT·, E7T~ 7T'A.ij/Lvat /Le'Y' aVTEVV. , ap ~. 'l~ • , •", 7ToTe'", 310 0." /Lev a otoV €tXOV 7TOVOV ovoe 0' 'f'£11 , • '8 .......... If • ~8 . . V£IC'I} li7T'I}VVU 'I}, a"" aICptTOV €LXOII ae ",Oil. " TOLUtll oe 7TpOeIC€tTo /Le'Ya,> Tpt7TO,> eVTO,> a, xpuueto,>, ICA.VTa gP'Ya 7Teplcppovo,> 'Hcpa[uToto. 'A"""'" ., '0IC€avo,> ' 7T",'I} "'8ovn EOtICW'O, ' , /L'f't tTVV peev ~ 7Tav OE ITVV€tXe lTaICO'> 7To",voawa",ov, OL OE ICaT aUTOv 315 , , , ','" r/~' "\"'\\ ICVICvot aeplTt7ToTat /L€'Ya", 'l}7TVOV, Ot pa Te 7TO",,,Ot "" "'" , ° " , , " " . '" ... v1JXOV €7T aICpov vowp' V~OVTO. .,'" I" " 7Tapa, ° ~, ., .. ' , • 8've,> €IC",O' .. £X 8aiip.a lBe£v ICa} Z'I}vl fJapvICTV7TfP, 00 Bta fJoVA.a,> "HcpatITTo<; 7Tol'l}lT€ lTaICO,> /LE'Ya T€ O'nfJapov Te. " "'\. ' ,\ A' ,,'\. ~, apO'a/L€Vo<; 7Ta",a/LVO't. TO /Lev uta'> a",ICt/L0<; Vto<; 320 7TdA.A.ev E7TtICpaTEw<;' E7T} I)' t'7T7Telov 80pe 8lcppOV, ,,"\., ,.. 'A'" etIC€",o<; aITTep07TV 7TaTp0<; uto<; at'YtoX0tO, "", t:J t:J I "",., , 'J I .... ICoV'f'a I-'tl-'a<;' T'P 0 'f}VLOX0'> ICpaTep0<; o"ao<; 8lcppOV E7Te/LfJ€fJa6J<; l8vveTo ICap,7TVA.OV l1pp,a. a'Yxl!-'oMV Be ITCP' ~A.8e 8ed, 'YA.avICw7Tt<; 'A8~v'I}, 325 I ,,, ICa. 0' 'f'ea<; aplTvvovua li7Tea 7TT€pOeVTa 7TpOIT'I}voa' XalpeTe, AV'YICijo<; 'YeV€fJ T'I}A.EICA.€tTO£O· " .. ' Z' , " ~ ~ " ' , , VVV o1J €V<; ICpaTo<; vp'/Lt OLOOL /LaICapeO'O'tv avalTO'WV ' , 'I: ... ","'\ \ / 1;:''''' K VICVOV T ec.;EvapeLV ICat a7TO IC",UTa Tevxea ovO'at. 1lA.A.O Be Tol Tt g7TO<; epEw, /L~'Ya CP€PTaTE A.awv· 330 • '" '" K'VICVOV 'Y"VIC€P1J<; " " .a£wvo<; " ., eVT aV 0'1} a/LepITV<;, \ ',,,,' " ... TOV /Lev €7Te£T aVTOV ",t7Te€LV teaL T€Vxea TOLO, , , .. , t:J " '~A " .. , aVTo,> oe I-'POTO"Ot'Y0V P'f}V €7TtOVTa OOIC€vO'a<;, "8a ICe 'YV/LVW { }lTaICEV<; " .V7TO oawa",eoto ~ ~", €V eVTa ,,,, e' " ,,, 335 '.1-.8" " £"11'>' "ll_"ev8' OVTa/L€V " '/:, Xa"IC'P' "" 0'f' a"'/LOtO'LV 01O€t t!.t-'" 8 " " , "" a'l/r 0 avaxalTlTaO' at' fi7Te£ ov VV TO' atO'tp,ov €ITTtv ovO' f7T'll"OV,> €A.EnV oihE ICAVT.t TEVx€a TOLO. along clattering and the naves of the wheels shrieked loudly. So they were engaged in an nnending toil and the end with victory came never to them, and the contest was ever unwon. And there was set ont for them ~ithin the course a great tripod of gold, the splendId work of cunning Hephaestus. And round the rim Ocean was flowing, with a full stream as it seemed, and enclosed all the cunning wor~ of the shield. Over it swans were soaring and callmg loudly, and many others were swimming upon the surface of the water; and near them were shoals of fish. A wonderful thing the great strong shield was to see-even for Zeus the loud-thunderer, by whose will Hephaestus made it and fitted it with his' hands. This shield the valiant son of Zeus wielded masterly, and l.eaped upon his horse-chariot like the lightning of hIS father Zeus who holds the aegis, moving lithely. And his charioteer, strong lolaus, standing upon the car, /\,uided the curved chariot. Then the goddess grey-eyed Athene came near 'hem and spoke winged words, encouraging them: " Hail, offspring of far-famed Lynceus! Even now Zeus who reigns over the blessed gods gives you power to slay Cycnus and to strip off his splendid armour. Yet I will tell you something besides mightiest of the people. When you, have robbed Cyenus of sweet life, then leave him there and his armour also, and you yourself watch man-slaying Ares narrowly as he attacks, and wherever you shall see him uncovered below his cunningly-wrought shield, there wound him with your sharp spear. Then draw back; for it is not ordained that you should take his horses Qr his splendid armour." HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES ~n~ el7l"OVCT' E~ 8lcppov lfJl]CTaTo oin Oe&ruv, I a'0 avaT'[I~ I ' \ "~ v X€PU£JJ ICa. ICVOO~ exovua , I ~ " • I 'I o"ao~ " 840 TOTE 0'1] pa oto'YV'l]TO~ ~"" " ... ' ' ' 0IWIC",'1'i ' ," up.epoa"'Eov '7I"7rO£CT£V EICEIC",eTO· TO£' '0>V7r "./..,v./.. 0' ~ I ~I p£p.'I' €'I'EPOV oov app.a ICOVtoVT€~ 7rEO£O£O. , I ./.. I • 0 \... " 'AO '11J1'] ' EV 'Yap u'l'w p.eVO'i '1IC€ ea 'Y",avICru7r£~ , 'to' " , ~, ... a£'YLo alJaCTueLCTaCTa' 7feptCTTOVaX'I]uE oe 'Ya£a. Tot 0' I1P.VOt~ 7rP0'YlVOVT' lICEAOt 7I"Vp£ ~~ Over-r-V, 345 I 0" L7f7fOoap.o'i I,> A 'a/Cop'l]TO~ I ." ICa.\ " p'l]~ aVTl)<;. K VICVO<; " ".71"71"0£ p.ev ,.,e7l"6£ 0" V7fevaVTLO, ", ... I ... TruV a"'''''I]",OtCTtV ,/: " ' \~'./.. v " ru O!;E£a xpep.tuav, 7I"€p' oe U't'£CT£V a'YVVTO '1X • ,1 ' f J '''I] 'Hpa/C",'I]€''I]' ... I TOV 7rpOTEpO~ 7rpOCTe€t7f€ ' I £ ..., , , , K V/cVE 7rE7fOV, T VV vrutV E7r'CTXETOV ru/Cea<; r7r7rOV~ 350 , t" rl , , ' ~I ",t' , , avopau,v, O. TE 7fOVOV ICa. Ot~vo<; top,e~ E'I'EV; d,r-At!. 7raf.~; ~X6 O£cppov l,);oov ~o~ /cEr-e,)Oov eZ/cE 7rapEI; leva£. Tp'l]y'iva oe TOt 7rapEr-aVVaJ , K '1v/Ca ' "ava/cTa' 0~ 'Yap (V '> I \ •• " E~ ovval" TE /Ca. a,oOL Tp'1X'iv()~ 7rpo{3lfJ'I]/Ce, CTV 8' eil p.aAa oluOa /Cat a~r ~ , 011"V ' l 6L~ 7fatoa "~"" I " TOV" 'Yap UEP.tCTTOVO'l]V /Cvavru7l"w. V .7re7fOV, ' " 'Yap TOL "AP'1~ 0avaToto " ' ru ov, p.ev TE",eVT'1 " ,~'" I 0 ... 'I' ap/c€CT€t, 6L 0'1 vrut CTVVOtUOP.E a. 7rTo",€p.L~etIJ. iJO'1 p.ev Te ~ CP'1p.t /Cat /J,AAOT6 7I"E£p'l]OFjvat 360 " " '... ' 0'oeVTO'i €'YX€O~ 'l]P.€TEPOV, 0dO'" V7fep IT V",OV 'l]l'a ,aVTLo<; ' "eUT'1 ,,.. Ep.e,o, p.ay'l]~ ap.OTOV p.EVEawruv. ' "' \', TP'~ P.€V EP.'fJ V7rO OOVpt TV7re.<; '1petUaTO 'Ya£V , , , ,~\ I """' oVTap.EVOV CTa/cEO~, T.o OE TeTpaTOV 'I]",aCTa l''I]pOV 7I"aVT£ p.eve£ CT7f€VOruV, Ott!. o~ p.S'Ya. CTap/Co<; I1pa;a, 7rP'l]V~<; 0' EV /COV['[JCT£ xap.a£ 7reCTEV ~'YXeo<; opp.ii. 365 " 0a ICe 0'1] .' ...",rufJ 'l]TO~ \ ev , avavaTotUW >L" , , 0'I] EV eTvx Xepulv i'Jq,' ~p.eTePTJCT' M7fc:,V lvapa fjpOT06lJ'ra. V£IC'I]V , , eCTCTvp.Evru~. , 244 , ,,, ,.', , , So said the bright-eyed goddess and Swiftly got up into the car with victory and renown in her hands. Then heaven-nurtured lolaus called terribly to the horses, and at his cry they swiftly whirled the fleet chariot along, raising dust from the plain; for the goddess bright-eyed Athene put mettle into them by shaking her aegis. And the earth groaned all round them. And they, horse-taming Cycnus and Ares, insatiable in war, came on together like fire or whirlwind. Then their horses neighed shrilly, face to face; and the echo was shivered all round them. And mighty Heracles spoke first and said to that other: " Cycnus, good sir! Why, pray, do you set your swift horses at us, men who are tried in labour and pain? Nay, guide your fleet car aside and yield and go out of the path. It is to Trachis I am driving on, to Ceyx the king, who is the first in Trachis for power and for honour, and that you yourself know well, for you have his daughter dark-eyed Themistinoe to wife. Fool! For Ares shall not deliver you from the end of death, if we two meet together in battle. Another time. ere this I declare he has made trial of my spear, when he defended sandy Pylos and stood against me, fiercely longing for fight. Thrice was he stricken by my spear and dashed to earth, and his shield was pierced; but the fourth time I struck his thigh, laying on with all my strength, and tare deep into his flesh. And he fell headlong in the dust upon the ground through the force of my spear-thrust; then truly he would have been disgraced among the deathless gods, if by my hands he had left behind his bloody spoils." 245 HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES So said he. But Cycnus the stout spearman cared not to obey him and to pull up the horses that drew his chariot. Then it was that from their well-woven cars they both leaped straight to the ground, the son of Zeus and the son of the Lord of War. The charioteers drove near by their horses with beautiful manes, and the wide earth rang with the beat of their hoofs as they rushed along. As when rocks leap forth from the high peak of a great mountain, and fall on one another, and many towering oaks and pines and long-rooted poplars are broken by them as they whirl swiftly down until they reach the plain; so did they fall on one another with a great shout: and all the town of the Myrmidons, and famous lolcus, and Arne, and Helice, and grassy Anthea echoed loudly at the voice of the two. With an awful cry they closed: and wise Zeus thundered loudly and rained down drops of blood, giving the Signal for battle to his dauntless son. As a tusked boar, that is fearful for a man to see before him in the glens of a mountain, resolves to fight with the huntsmen and whets his white tusks, turning sideways, while foam /lows all round his mouth as he gnashes, and his eyes are like glowing fire, and he bristles the hair on his mane and around his neck-, like him the son of Zeus leaped from his horse-chariot. And when the dark-winged whirring grasshopper, perched on a green shoot, begins to sing of summer to men-his food and drink is the dainty dew-and all day long from dawn pours forth his voice in the deadliest heat, when Sirius scorches the flesh (then the beard grows upon the millet 241 HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES which men sow in summer), when the crude grapes which Dionysus gave to men-a joy and a sorrow both-begin to colour, in that season they fought and loud rose the clamour. As two lions 1 on either side of a slain deer spring at one another in fury, and there is a fearful snarling and a clashing also of teeth-, like vultures with crooked talons and hooked beak that fight and scream aloud on a high rock over a mountain goat or fat wild-deer which some active man has shot with an arrow from the string, and himself has wandered away elsewhere, not knowing the place; but they quickly mark it and vehemently do keen battle about it-, like these they two rushed upon one another with a shout. Then Cycnus, eager to kill the son of almighty Zeus, struck upon his shield with a brazen spear, but did not break the bronze; and the gift of the god saved his foe. But the son of Amphitryon, mighty Heracles, with his long spear struck Cycnus violently in the neck beneath the chin, where it was unguarded between helm and shield. And the deadly spear cut through the two sinews; for the hero's full strength lighted on his foe. And Cycnus fell as an oak falls or a lofty pine that is stricken by the lurid thunderbolt of Zeus; even so he fell, and his armour adorned with bronze clashed about him. . Then the stout hearted son of Zeus let him be, and himself watched for the onset ofmansJaying Ares: fiercely he stared, like a lion who has come upon a 1 Th~ conception i. simn..r to that of the soulptured group .t Athenl of Two Lion. devouring .. Bull (Dickeuo, Oat. oj the Acropol" Museum, No.3). 1149 HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES body and full eagerly rips the hide with his strong claws and takes away the sweet life with all speed: his dark heart is filled with rage and his eyes glare fiercely, while he tears up the earth with his paws and lashes his flanks and shoulders with his tail so that no one dares to face him and go near to give battle. Even so, the son of Amphitryon, unsated of battle, stood eagerly face to face with Ares, nursing courage in his heart. And Ares drew near him with grief in his heart; and they both sprang at one another with a cry. As it is when a rock shoots out from a great cliff and whirls down with long bounds, careering eagerly with a roar, and a high crag clashes with it and keeps it there where they strike together; with no less clamour did deadly Ares, the chariot-borne, rush shouting at Heracles. And he quickly received the attack. But Athene the daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus came to meet Ares, wearing the dark aegis, and she looked at him with an angry frown and spoke winged words to him. "Ares, check your fierce anger and matchless hands; for it is not ordained that you should kill. Heracles, tlle bold-hearted son of Zeus, and strip off his rich armour. Come, then, cease fighting and do not withstand me." So said she, but did not move the courageous spirit of Ares. But he uttered a great shout and waving his spears like fire, he rushed headlong at strong Heracles, longing to kill him, and hurled a brazen spear upon the great shield, for he was furiously HESIOD SHIELD OF HERACLES Rngry because of his dead son; but bright-eyed Athene reached out from the car and turned aside the force of the spear. Then bitter grief seized Ares Rnd he drew his keen sword and leaped upon boldhearted Heracles. But as he came on, the son of Amphitryon, un sated of fierce battle, shrewdly wounded his thigh where it was exposed under his richly-wrought shield, and tare deep into his flesh with tlle spear-thrust and cast him flat upon the ground. And Panic and Dread quickly drove his smooth-wheeled chariot and horses near him and lifted him from the wide-pathed earth into his richlywrought car, and then straight lashed the horses and came to high Olympus. But the son of Alcmena and glorious lolaus stripped the fine armour off Cycnus' shoulders and went, and their swift horses carried them straight to the city of Trachis. And bright-eyed Athene went thence to great Olympus and her father's house. As for Cycnus, Ceyx buried him and the countless people who lived near the city of the glorious king, in Anthe and the city of the Myrmidons, and famous lolcus, and Arne, and Helice: and much people were gathered doing honour to Ceyx, the friend of the blessed gods. But Anaurus, swelled by a rain-storm, blotted out the grave and memorial of Cycnus; for so Apollo. Leto's son, commanded him, because he used to watch for and violently despoil the rich hecatombs that any might bring to Pytho. '53 HESTon KHTKO~ rAMO}; l. Scholiast on Apolloniu8 Rhodiu8, Arg. i. 128\... 'H uwoo~ I ~ , I 'Yaj-t1p f , Q I """ " EV 'T1p.. K 1)VICO~ ElCl-'aV'Ta '(-'1)UW av'TOV 'A.' "'~ 1'.' ,. M I \ \ , , E'{-' voa'TO~ ~1)'T1)UW 'T1)~ a'Yv1)u~a~ 7TEP~ 'Ta~ a7TO ... 'rJ..' , ... 'ArI..' "' \ . I , "\. 'T1)~ a'{-'EuEw~ av'TOV 't'E'Ta~ Ka",ovj-tEva~ a7TO",E£cpOiiva£. 2. Zenobius, l ii. 19. o{hro~ 'Hutooo~ €xp~ua'To 'TV , ro~ "FIpaK"'Eov~ ' , , A-' ", 7Tapo£j-tLlb E7T£'{-'o£'T1)uav'To~ E7Tt 'T1)V otlCtav "K' 1)V"O~ 'TOV "T paxwtov ' Ka~' " OV'Tro~ E~7TOV'TO~' " , , "~" aV'Toj-ta'To£ 0~" a'Ya 0" Ot a'Ya0"rov E7Tt oat'Ta~ " tEV'Ta~. 3. n. xiv. 119. lo~w 0' i7T7T1)Aa'Ta KiivE. Schol. on Homer, 4. Athenaeus, ii. p. 49 b. 'Huto8o~ €V K~v"o~ 'YaWr- "liv 'Yap 'Ypaj-tj-tanKCw 7Ta'iOE~ a7To,EvwU£ 'ToD 7TO£1)'TOV 'To, E7T'] 'Tav'Ta, aAA' Ej-tol OOKE' apxa'ia Eiva£-'Tp£7TOOa~ 'Ta~ 'Tpa7Teha~ Cp'T/ut 6. Gregory 0/ Corinth, On Forms 0/ Speech (Rhett. Gr. vii. 776). , , , ,~ , ,,, 'l:: If '" aV'Tap E7TE. oa£'To~ j-tEV EtU']~ ES EpOV EV'TO, 0' '0'''' 'I:: v"'1)~ ~'''\. '] ' , a'YOV'TO v 0, ES" 'T1)V j-t1)'TEpa j-t1)'TpO~ [ 0'] 'TO " , " , ' A ' , ava"'E']V 'TE "a> 07T'Ta",E,]v U'{-'E'TEpO£U£ 'TEKEUU£ 'TEOvaj-tEva£. I A Greek sophist who t ..ught rhetoric ..t Rome in the time of Hadrian. He i8 the author of a collection of proverb. in three book .. ~54 THE MAllRIAGE OF CEYX THE MARRIAGE OF CEYX 1. HESIOD in the Marriage of Ceyx says that he (Heracles) landed (from the Argo) to look for water and was left behind in Magnesia near the place called Aphetae becanse of his desertion there. 2. Hesiod used the proverb in the folIowing way: Heracles is represented as having constantly visited the house of Ceyx of Trachis and spoken thus: "Of their own selves the good make for the feasts of the good." 3. " And horse-driving Ceyx beholding ••••" 4. Hesiod in the Marriage of Ceyx-for though grammar-school boys alienate it from the poet, yet I consider the poem ancient-calls the tables tripods. 6. "But when they had done with desire for the equal-shared feast, even then they brought from the forest the mother of a mother (sc. wood), dry and parched, to be slain by her own children" (sc. to be burnt in the flames). HESIOD THE GREAT EOIAE MErAAAI HOlAI THE GREAT EOIAE 1. I. ., , "aTa 1. ... 26 " 3 11. P ausantas, "Iii 'E 7rwavpo~ iJvO{La TV €T€8'T} • • • ~ 'M €rya"",~ ,"\ "al\ Ta\ E7r'T} Ta~ \"A pryo~ 0' uto~. A 1 7raT'T}p A.' a", OV• TO\ 8e 'ApryEtfJJV 86~av 'H o~a~ 1 "E7rtoavprp ~ , 'l]v OE EPIDAURU8. According to the opinion of the Argives and the epic poem, the Great Eoiae, Argos the son of Zeus was father of Epidaurus. 2. 2. Anonymous Comment. on Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, iii. 7. "allJn, cpa(]"[, TO 7rOV'T}pO~ €7r~ TOU , , I , to ,.. r \ fH 1 €7rt7rOVOV TaTT€Tat "a~ OV(]"TUXOV~, t"a,vo~ , (]"~ooo~ 7rapa(]"TiJ(]"a~ €v Ta'i~ M€ryaAat~ 'Ho[at~ T~V •A"'l"'''I''T}P'T}V I ...,' tH pa"",€a "'\, ,,\' 7rotfJJV 7rpO~ TOP "'€ryov(]"ap And, they say, Hesiod is sufficient to prove that the word poneros (bad) has the same sense as "laborious" or "ill-fated"; for in the Great Eoiae he represents Alcmene as saying to Heracles: "My son, truly Zeus your father begot you to be the most toilful as the most excellent •••• , ; and again: "The Fates (made) you the most toilful and the most excellent •• ." ,,' \ Z ev~ .''"\1:'1 , \,f 'I] {La",a 0'1] O"E 7rOP'T}poTaTov "at 1 1 TE"PfJJO"€ 7raT'I]p, fJJ T€t€O~, aptO'To~ real 7raAtP "' at' M otpa~ O"e , 7rOV'I]pOTaTOV real\~ apt(]"TOV. 3. Scholiast on Pindar, Isthm. v. 53. el'A'T}71'Tat oe "M €rya",fJJP 1"\ 'H.... f , ,,.,, TfJJV OtfJJP 'I]f to"Topta' ereet "lap , , '!: 1 "H"\ " " T €",afJ,fJJvt "\ " evptO'''€Tat e7rt~evovfJ,evo~ 0 pa"",'T}~ Trp \ , (3 , . . t-',.. \,' \ fI rea. €{L aWfJJV TIl oopa. "at evX0f/,€PO~ "at OUTfJJ~ f to' J I" '..1..' OU" T'T}P \ I o oto71'ofJ,7rO~ at€TO~, a't' 71'pOO"fJJvv{Ltav ~a(3ev Ara~. • Et€ 3. The story has been taken from the Great Eoiae ; for there we find Heracles entertained by Telamon, standing dressed in his lion-skin and praying, and there also we find the eagle sent by Zeus from which ' Aias took his name. 1 1 When Heracles prayed that a Bon might be born to Telamon ..nd Eriboea, Zeus Bent forth an eagle in token that the prayer would be granted. Heracl•• then b&d. the parents ...11 their BOD Aia. after the eagle (aictol). HESIOD THE GREAT EOIAE 4. •• Pa'Usania8, iv. 2. 1.. aXXa. "TXXov /Lev TO;' 'HpaIC"Eovr; ' ' B V'YaTP'' E'va~X/L'!1 , " I I OAV' UVVOtIC"Iuat , "B ' "",E'Yovua<; Tar; ' ME'Ya",a<; ' . , . ·oloa · ICaova VIOV OVTOV 'Hola<;. But I know that the so-called Great Eoiae say that Polycaon the son of Butes married Euaechme, daughter of HylIus, Heracles' son. 5. 5. Pa'Usanias, ix. 40. 6. '" " '., . " 'J o"aov .,. , '¥v"a<; 0.'" W7rVIEV ICOVP"IV IC",EITOV A£l7rf!CPiX"Iv, ~ Eloor; 'OXv/L7rlaoEO'ulV op.o£"I, 'I 7r7rOTaOrw It' ,t'" \ , )/ TE 01 VIOV EVI /LE'YaPOtuIV ETtICTE CA ' T , EVEIOEa, , .' 'h "" .,. , 'CI"Ipw IICE,,-"IV .,..aEEuul UE","IV"I<;. "" '''''A " .,. " , " 'CI"Ipw 0 7rO""wvo<; EV a'YIColV'!1O'I 7rEUOVUa , X' \ ' " ~I 'YElvaTo atpwvo<; ICpaTfipOV /LEVO<; 17r7rOoa/Lolo. " And Phylas wedded Leipephile the daughter of famous Iolaus: and she was like the Olympians in beauty. She bare him a son Hippotades in the palace, and comely Thero who was like the beams of the moon. And Thero lay in the embrace of Apollo and bare horse-taming Chaeron of hardy strength." 6. 6. Schol. on Pinaar, Pyth. •!IH ~I"I " 'T ' Et;'1 i v. 35. ,'" M ' 7rVICIVO""Pr:>V 'E"IICtOVtIC"I" V.,..'1]ILOV 'Yat"l0X'P vvoul'Yal'P /LIXBE'iu' EV cptXdT"ITi 7l'oXvxpvuov ' AcppootT"Ir;. '/ TEICEV 7. Pa'Usanias, ix. 36. 7. "T'1]TTO<; oe MdXOVPOV 'Ap[u{3avTo<; cptxov viov I , , , ... fI '" ,"\., ICTElVa<; EV /LE'YaPOI<; EVV"Ir; EVEX "1<; a",oxoto • , "'\ '". ... '''A P'YEor; 17r7r0tJ0TOIO, 'D' OtICOV a7ro7rp0i\.I7rfl)V .,..EV'Y ,/: .' ' 0 ' M ' , " >.EV 0 PXO/LEVOV IVV"IIOV' ICat /Ltv a~, 'Y '1]Pfl)<; {II 'I! \ ' ... , f' I OE.aTO ICa> ICTEaIJfI)V /Lotpav 7r0PEV, 00<; E7l'tEIIC€<;. 8. ... n. 2• 3 • F a'Usantas, ' 7rE7rOI'1]Tal ." EV OE 'H' Olal<; ME'YaXat<; Ol{3&'Xov BV'YaTepa Elvat IIElp~v"Iv. 9. Pa'U.anias, Ii. 16. 4. TaVT'1]V (MvIC1)v'1]v) Elval BV'YaTEpa 'Ivaxov, 'Yvlfa';'<1& oe 'ApeuTopo<; Ta. 17T'1/ 25 8 " Or like her in Hyria, careful-minded Mecionice, who was joined in the love of golden Aphrodite with the Earth-holder and Earth-Shaker, and bare Euphemus." 7. "And Hyettus killed Molurus the dear son of Aristas in his house because he lay with his wife. Then he left his home and fled from horse-rearing Argos and came to Minyan Orchomenus. And the hero received him and gave him a portion of his goods, as was fitting." 8. But in the Great Eoiae Peirene is represented to be the daughter of Oebalus. 9. The epic poem, which the Greek call the Great Eoiae, says that she (Mycene) was the daughter of :059 THE GREAT EOIAE HESIOD Inachus and wife of Arestor: from her, then, it is said, the city received its name. . 21 • 10 sq. VI. " 8avov O€ t'" ,,\ a7r€ ur.o TOV,. ' M €'ya",a~ '" 'H' Ta~ ola~ Pausanias, f(aTa"~ Ta €'Tr'1 'A A.Ka'8 ou~ 'IIop8'aovo~, O€uT€PO~ • ' • ,'" OUTO~ €7r1 T'l' Mapf.£aKt, f.£€Ttt Be 'AA.Kd,Oouv 'EufvaA.oS' Kat Eupvf.£axoS' Til Kat Kp0TaA.oS'. • •• TOV BE a7r08aVOVTa " 'aUTOtS' "'A ' TfKf.£alpOtTO , ~ n~ A aKIl Bai€7r Kplav av I I " " "AKptwV. .. ,'~, .. f.£0VIOV Til Ewal Kat OIKtO'T'1V E7r1 O€ T'l' 'AKpta ' K' '''' "" , " OIV0f.£aou Til ° Kat Kpovtov. 11. 12. Scholias! on .Apolloniu8 Rhodiu8, .Arg. i. 118. Jv Be Ta'S' MIl,,{aA.alS' 'HolalS' A.J"{€TaI 6JS' Ilpa M€A.af.£I . " '" .,. '. I I 'TrOUS' q,1A.TaToS' wv T'l' 'A7rO/\,/\,WVI a7roo'1f.£'1O'aS' KaTIlA.VITf! 7raptt IIoA.vq,avT'!l' /30'OS' Be aUT'f TEOVf.£€VOV Bpa-VTO~ av€p7fV(1'aVTO~ 7rapa TO BVf.£a Sw..pO€'ipai 160 10. According to the poem the Great Eoiae, these were killed by Oenomiius 1: Alcathiius the son of Porthaon next after Marmax, and after Alcathiius, Euryalus, Eurymachus and Crotalus. The man killed next after them, Acrias, we should judge to have been a Lacedemonian and founder of Acria. And after Acrias, they say, Capetus was done to death by Oenomiius, and Lycurgus, Lasius, Chalcodon and Tricolonus. . •. And after Tricolonus fate overtook Aristomachus and Prias on the course, as also Pelagon and Aeolius and Cronius. 11. In the Great EOlae it is said that Endymion was transported by Zeus into heaven, but when he fell in love with Hera, was befooled with a shape of cloud, and was cast out and went down into Hades. 12. In the Great Eoiae it is related that Melampus, who was very dear to Apollo, went. abroad and stayed with Polyphantes. But when the king had sacrificed an ox, a serpent crept up to the sacrifice and 1 Oenomau., king of Pis" in Eli., warned by an oracle that he ahould b. killed by his son-in-law, offered his daughter Hippodamia to the man who could defeat him in .. chariot race, on condition th..t the defeated suitors should be slain by him. Ultimately Pelop., through the treachery of the oh.rioteer of Oenomius, bec.1.me victorious. HESIOD THE GREAT EOIAE destroyed his servants. At this the king was angry and killed the serpent, but Melampus took and buried it. And its offspring, brought up by him, used to lick his ears and inspire him with prophecy. And so, when he was caught while trying to steal the cows of Iphiclus and taken bound to the city of Aegina, and when the house, in which Iphiclus was, was about to fall, he told an old woman, one of the servants of Iphiclus, and in return was released. Scltoliust on Apollonius Rltodius, Arg. iv. 828. 13. B~ Tat:~ ME'YUAa£'i' 'Rota£'i' In the Great Eoiae Scylla is the daughter of Phoebus and Hecate. 14. 14. Ell Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius, Arg. ii. 181. 7rE7r'1/PWcr(}ut o~ ¢wfa cflrw1ll 'Rcrtooo~ Ell M€'YuXat~ 'R' " m 't ' I~\ , , ota£~, OTt 'l'ptsrp T'T}II OUOII €f1o'T}IIVcrEII. Hesiod in the G"eut Eoiae says that Phineus was blinded because he told Phrixus the way.l Hi. Hi. i, Scholiust on Apollonius Rhodiu8, Arg. ii. 1122. "Ap'Yo'i'] El'i' TWV iPpt,ov 7raloOJII OOTO'i'. T01lTOV'i' oE • • • 'RcrloBo'i' €V Tar'i' M€'YuXat'i' 'Rolat'i' cflacrlv 'I o.,..OJcrcr'T}'i' A.' A" . ' A.,..'T}crtv . T'T}'i' t'T}TOV. «a.\ OVTO~ f1o€V , \ , "A ~, M'''' aVTOV~ T€crcrapu'i', P,,(OIl ",POVTtV €",alla KvI TtcrOJpov. Argus. This is one of the children of Phrixus. These . . . Hesiod in the Great Eoiae says were born of Iophossa the daughter of Aeetes. And he says there were four of them, Argus, Phrontis, Melas, and Cytisorus. 16. 16. H esiod tells the story in the Great Eoiae. " Magnes was the son of Argus, the son of Phrixus and Perimele, Admetus' daughter, and Battus. t //C. to ScythiA. HESIOD , ''''' , THE GREAT EOIAE ... ... ' '" £'Y"I v <; 'CIfO'O'a",£a<; 1(/"\T'T}V "IT/V TaVT'T}V a7r aVTOV" ' 7rP0O''T}''I0p€vO'av I " Ot'''8 av pClJ7rot. €"I€VETO Ma"lJJ'T}O'£av '" " , Q.... , o. 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I VAT/V, (JJ~ all Ta' "tXv') T(JJV {V0WV a'f'avtO'T/. /Cat ;'''I€V aVTa~ f'Aavv(JJv Suf T€ ll€Aaa-"Iwv /Cat S,' 'AXatM Tf)~ <'P8H;'TtSO~ /Cat sla Ao/CplSo, /Cat BOI(JJ'rtM /Cal M€'YaplSo~ /Cat EVT€i!8€V €l~ ll€AO7rovv')O'ov Sta Koplv80v /Cat AaplO'O'')~ i1XPI I " ' 8€V 7rapa" TO A'v/Calov OpO~ " , /Cat"€VT€V €7rOT €"I€a~. I \ " M ,"\, \ ' "\ I pEVETO /Cal 7rapa TO awa",wv /Cat Ta~ "'€'f0fl,€va, BaTTov 0'/c07r1l18. W/c€1 Se Ii BaTTOS' ofrro<; e7r' JI ... , t" \ "',1.. roo JI a/Cpw T~ O'/c07r€A(JJ /Cal €7r€1 TT/~ 'f'WVT/S' T//COVa-€ 7rap€~, .. ", '8' , ,. " Aavv0fl,€v(JJ1I T(JJV f-L0uX(JJv, 7rPO€'" (JJV €/C T(JJV Ot/Ct" \" Q" • .... , . WV €"{V(JJ 7r€fl T(JJV /JOW)) OTt /C",07r'l1-ata, a"{€I' , 8" rl , t" ,J. I \ /Cat fl,ta- ov T/T')O'€)), Iva 7rPO, fl,,)o€va 'f'paun 7r€pt '" 'EPfl,T/~ ... O€ t'o\ o(JJU€t)) t" " I " aVTCl.lV. €7rt TOVTOI~ V7r€U~€TO, / "B ' ' ' ' Q ' ' ' ' , " /Cat aTTO~ (JJfl,00'€ 7r€pt TWV {VOW)) 7rpO~ fl,') €))a ... , \ t" " 'E ... " .. ,... ' ,. /CaT€p€w, €7r€t o€ aVTaS' Pf-LT/'i €/CPV'Y €V €V T~ " 'Trapa" TO K ,0pv'f'aa-wv J.' " TO. U7r,)",aw)) ',,\ 7rPT/(JJV£ €IS' €iO'€AauaS' i1VTt/C/JVS' 'lTaAlM /Cat "i.1/C€Ala~, av8t, J.I. ' ,\ '...... 't ' , ""f"/c€TO 7rpO~ TO)) B' . aTTO)) a"",a.a, €aVTOV IUtl\ t" OO~ . °." .'. , ° , 7r€'P(->fl,€VO~, 26 4 " ... , " .. f I e, aVT~ UVJljJ,€V€tV €7r1 TO'~ op/C£ot<; lived in the region of Thessaly, in the land which men called after him Magnesia. He had a son of remarkable beauty, Hymenaeus. And when Apollo saw the boy, he was seized with love for him, and would not leave the house of Magnes. Then Hermes made designs on Apollo's herd of cattle which were grazing in the same place as the cattle of Admetus. First he cast upon the dogs which were guarding them a stupor and strangles, so that the dogs forgot the cows and lost the power of barking. Then he drove away twelve heifers and a hundred cows never yoked, and the bull who mounted the cows, fastening to the tail of each one brushwood to wipe out the footmarks of the cows. He drove them through the country of the Pelasgi, and Achaea in the land of Phthia, and through Locris, and Boeotia and Megaris, and thence into Peloponnesus by way of Corinth and Larissa, until he brought them to Tegea. From there he went on by the Lycaean mountains, and past Maenalus and what are called the watch-posts of Battus. Now this Battus used to live on the top of the rock and when he heard the voice of the heifers as they were being driven past, he came out from his own place, and knew that the cattle were stolen. So he asked for a reward to tell nO one -about them. Hermes promised to give it him on these terms, and Battus swore to say nothing to anyone about the cattle. But when Hermes had hidden them in the cliff by Coryphasium, and had driven them into a cave facing towards Italy and Sicily, he changed himself and came again to Battus and tried whether he would be true to him as he had vowed. So, offering 26 5 HESIOD THE MELAMPODlA lfJeXet. 8£80Vt; 8~ p£ufJov xXa'ivav E71'VvfJavETo 71'ap' , ~ e£, P'T}\ " i\.o71'£pa£at; 'r.J ~ '-fJ ' aVTOV, ~OVt; fi"(lI(J) 71'ape""" e£· ~, BaTTot; ' Ni\.a~E r.J TlJV ' uat;. 0, OE E Xi\.'~ apvoa /Ca£'"ell-'T}vvul! , ~ r.J ~ 'E ~~, X ' ~ ~ , 71'ep' T(J)V ~OWV. pP'T}t; oe Xa E71''T}vat;, on otXopv~ " "~ , 'r.J~ 'r.J i\. fJ 0<; "V, eppa71'£uev aUTOV 7"[/ pa~orp /Co.,, peTe~a ev " " " , i\. ' , 't'~ E£t; 71'eTpov. /CaL aVTOV OUl' E" e£71'e£ "pUO<; ovoe "aVll-a. W MEAAMIIoaEIA 1. Strabo, xiv. p. 642. i\.e'Yera£ 8€ 0 KaXXa<; 0 pavA. i\.' I \, T£t; pET"AP'f'£ oxov TOU~ 'A,.I. p'f'tapaov /CaTa,T'T}V e/C Tpolat; E71'av080v 71'e~ii 8evpo a¢t/C€ufJat, 71'eptTV'0" ~, , ' xc.w 0 eaUTOV /Cpe£TTov£ paVTe£ /CaTa" K T'T}Vi \ .apov Motrp Tip MaVTov<; T1jt; Tetpeulov fJU"/aTp0<;' 8t.1. , , fJ aVEW. ~ 'HULOOO<; t • , ~ ~ XU71''T}V a71'O pev OUV OUT(J) 71'(J)t; 8tau"wa~e£ Tav pvfJoV' 71'pOTe'iva£ 'Yap n TO£OVTO Tip Motrp Tav Kai\.xavra· 0 ... "" , tep£veot; 'IfOUUOP uavpa p EXE1 "aTa' f J upov, oXovfJ(J)v . " , 71'ep e(J)v' ,," ~, I OVTO<; exet p£"pot; e£71'0t<; av apt (J pov; \ oe ~" , fJ at· TOV a7l'0"pwau M op£ol eluw aptfJ pOV, (.hap peTpov 'Ye pe8tpvot;· • OE ~, 71'eptuuevet, " TOV e7l'ev , fJ'epev ou" /Ce ovva£o. .' E£<; "fit; ¢aTo' "at u¢w aptfJ po<; E'T1JTUP0<; Ef8eT4 , peTpov' "at TOTE 8~ KaXxaVTD. Tei\.o~ fJavaTo£o /CaA.v1yev. 266 him a robe as a reward, he asked of him whether he had noticed stolen cattle being driven past. And Battus took the robe and told him about the cattle. But Hermes was angry because he was doublet~ngued, and struck him with his staff and changed hIm into a rock. And either frost or heat never leaves him.l THE MELAMPODlA 1. .IT is said .that Calchas the seer returned from Troy WIth AmphIlochus the son of Amphiaraus and came on foot to this place. 2 But happening to find near Clarus a seer I?re,,:te~ than himself, Mopsus, the son of I\;lan~, Telreslas daughter, he died of vexation, Hesl?d, mdeed, works up the story in some such form as thIs: Calchas set Mopsus the following problem' "I am filled with wonder at the quantity of figs this wild fig-tree bears though it is so small. Can you tell their number? " And Mopsus answered: "Ten thousand is their nnmber, and their measure is a bushel: one fig is left over, which you would not be able to put into the measnre." So said he; and they found the reckoning of the measure true. Then did the end of death shroud Calchas. I In the Homerio Hymn to Hermes Battus almost dis. appears from the story, a?d a somewhat different account of the stealmg of the cattle IS given. • se. Colophon. Proclus in his abstract of the Returns (.c. of the heroes from Troy) says Calcha. and hi. party were pre~ent. at the death of Teiresia. at Colophon, perhaps mdlC&tmg another veroion of this story. THE MELAMPODIA HESIOD 2. 2. TZ6tze. on Lycophron, 682. • • • Jliill Ot TOil TlnI , to'".. ., t" , Eutall ?-eyEt, E7rEW7J 'l'autll avroll E7rTa ryEvEa~ P " to'" , \ , K a0I1'0V I"{\ 'i' , I;fjuat' a?-?-ot OE EVIIEa' a7ro ryap 'l)V Kal KaTWTEpw 'ETEOK?-EOV~ Kal IIo?-vvdKov~, &~ rp'l)ut " M E?-al1'7rOOla~ .1 I " KalI ' 0 T'I)~ 7rOt'r]T'r]~' 7rapE£lTaryEt ryap But now he is speaking of Teiresias, since it is said that he lived seven generations-though others say nine. He lived from the times of Cadmus down to those of Eteocles and Polyneices, as the author of Melampodia also says; for he introduces Teiresias speaking thus; «Father Zeus, would that you had given me a shorter span of life to be mine and wisdom of heart like that of mortal men! But nOw you have honoured me not even a little, though you ordained me to have a long span of life, and to live through seven generations of mortal kind." ' TEtpEutaV ' ' ' '"EryovTa' ' TOV .'fraTEp, ' w8 " ," ,.. 0' ZEV EI E f1-Ot 'r]UUOV EXEtV atWva fJ tOtO WrpEA?-E~ ooVvat Ka£ fua [rpPEU£] l1'~oEa rOf1-EV " av 'fJ pW7rOt~' ' " 0.' ovoE ' . ' I1'E TVT 8'· 8V'I)Tot~ VVII ov E7"tUa<;, , ' " 8 " , ,. . (.:)1 I)~ ryE I1'E l1'aKpov E 'l)Ka~ EXEtV atWva fJ£Oto f "",..,' , , ' 8pW7rW ' II • E7rTa '1" E7r1 .,WEW ryEvEa<; f1-EP07rWV av 3. 3. Odyssey, x. 494. Scholia3t on Homer, rpau£1I ro~ • I , K t fatpwvt J' " .10WV ' avo EV I1'tryllv I1'EVOV~ , ) ' " ' f J " ' • Kat OVTW~ I1'ETa E( TEtpEuta~, aVEt"E" T'I)V 'I)"Elav I" ,. \ fj"><''I)Tat €t~ ryvvatKa, Kal 7ra"W TOV appeva Kal a7rE"><.afjE T~V ioiav rpVUW. TOVTOV ZEV<:; Kal "Hpa \ '" " KPtTf}V £1 ,,-OVTO, 7"t~ poa""ov 'l)oETat TV UVVOVUtq., TO I1pPEV ~ TO fJfj?-v' 0 o~ €i7rEV' Op&.KovTa~ fJ' .... , ,.. , " \ ... to' I ' I Ot'r]lI !-'EV l1'0tpav O€Ka P-OtPEWV TEp7rETat av'I)p, '1"4<; OEKa 0 EI1'7rt7r"''r]ut ryvv'I) TEp7rOVUa vO'r]poa. \ "H pa oprytu • fJ ... , f 0'E 8;(;7rep ~ POEV Elua E7r7JPWUEV, " T'I)V poavTEtaV ,. " owpEtTat. Z EV~ .' •.. I, \' , I ° 4. ,jM [I1'EV] eUT' ev oalT£ Kat ElAa7rlvv TE8a"><.v[v , 8at I1'V'8OtUIV, E7r'l)V . \ . ' KOpEUWVTat, , TEp7r€U oatTo~ .1M fiE Kat TO 7rvfJeu8al, I)ua 8V.'r]To'iutV ~vEtl1'av "I ~,. \ , 8....' , , d8avaTol, OEt?-WV ,68 TE Kal €IT AWV TEKl1'ap €vapry€~. They say that Teiresias saw two snakes mating on Cithaeron and that, when he killed the female, he w.as changed into a woman, and again, when he killed the male, took again his own nature. This same Teiresias was chosen by Zeus and Hera to decide the question whether the male or the female has most pleasure in intercourse. And he said; "Of ten parts a man enjoys one only; but a woman's sense enjoys all ten in full." For this Hera was angry and blinded him, but Zeus gave him the seer's power. 4.1 " For pleasant it is at a feast and rich banquet to tell delightful tales, when men have had enough of feasting; and pleasant also it is to know a clear token of ill or good amid all the signs that the deathless ones have given to mortal men." 1 II. 1-2 are quoted by AthenaeuB ii. p. 40; II. 3-4 by Clement of Alexandria, Stromatoi. vi. 2. 26. Buttwann I!&" t.h"t the two fragment. shonld be joined. AEGIMIUS HESIOD 5. 1>. ithenaeU8, xi. 498. A. ..• 'Tip oE Maf1J<; 800<; &.'Y'YEXO~ ~xee. 8,' O!Il.OV 7I'xr/lTa<; 0' apryvpEolI IT,,-/impoll cpEpE, BoollE B allall'Tl. 6. ., And Mares, swift messenger, came to him through the house and brought a silver goblet which he had filled, and gave it to the lord." 6. And then Mantes took in his hands the ox's halter and Iphiclus lashed him upon the back. And behind him, with a cup in one hand and a raised sceptre in the other, walked Phylacus and spake amongst the bondmen." f< 7. ' , Athenaeu8 xiii. p. 609 e. 'H'~ ITLOOO<; 0NEll 'TPI'Trp MeXap.7I'oU~<; 'T~II Ell Eil{3otq Xax"t8a "aXXI, 'IVllal"a E£7I'EII. . 8. 8. . '.. But Hesiod says that Amphilochus was killed by Apollo at Soli. 9. "And now there is no seer among mortal men such as would know the mind of Zeus who holds the . " aegIS. '... ., Stmbo xiv. p. 676. HlTlooo~ 0~.,Ell .... ':;'O/\'Ol~ V7I'0 , , 8"'1l1al 'TOil "A".I.'''''.I. , A7T'6xxroIl0~ allalpe I"'t'l/\,0XOII 't''1 uw • Clement 01' Alexandria, StromatBis, v. p. 259. 1/ , 8' , 8 ' J.l.all'TI~ B' OilOEt~ EIT'TIII e7T'IX Olliroll all pro7l'roll . ., .. , Z 1JIIO~ ' 110011 , aIry , to'XOIO• OIT'TI" all eWEI'1 AlrIMIO~ 1. , Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodiu8, Arg. iii. 587. 0 B6 'TOil Alryl/LwlI 7T'otr/lTa~ Bu}, ['To] Upa" aVToli aileatpeTro" ¢'1JU~ 7I'POUBEv8ijllal. xJryEI Be ;)'TI , t' ',"~, rI /LE'Til 'T~II 8VUlall aryllllTa" 'TO ocpa" OVTro" • 'AI! '... 8pa.1 "ooa" ~Xroll clT'TEIXcll e" ''1'Tao /LE/\,a I Hesiod in the third book of the Melampodia called Chalcis in Euboea "the land of fair women." Restored by SchenkL 9. AEGIMIUS 1. BUT the author of the Aegimius says that he (Phrixus) was received without intermediary because of the fleece'! He says that after the sacrifice he purified the fleece and so "Holding the fleece he walked into the halls of Aeetes." 1 8e. the golden fleece of the ro.m which carried Phrixus and Helle away from A~hamas and Ina. When he reached Colehis Fhrixuo I&crificed the ram to Zeuo. HRSIOD AEGIMIUS 2. The author of the Aegimius says in the second book that Thetis used to throw the children she had by Peleus into a cauldron of water, because she wished to learn whether they were mortal. .•. And that after many had perished Peleus was annoyed, and prevented her from throwing Achilles into the cauldron. 3. Apollodoru8, ii. 1. 3. 1. 'HO'to8o~ 8e ICa~ 'AICovO'£Aao~ n€tp>1VO~ aiJ'T~V ('Iw) cpaO'!v €Zva£. TaVT"1V , , " , 4. 4. Herodian in Stephanus 0/ Byzantium. , "AfJav'T£o£ '~N V"r}O'rp tiV O!V, T~V 7TP~V 'AfJavT£Sa ICtICAVO'ICOV O€ot al€V ebvTE<;, ~'fJ' " "€7TOOVVP.OV oovop.aO'€v , , Z €V~. ' 00<; TOT E v"fJolav oe 5. Schal. on Euripide, Phoen. 1116. ,,, "AP'Yov IE£ ICpaT€pOV T€ P.€'Yav TE, /Cal, , 01 €7T'IO'IC07TOV , '.1.0"'"" N 0 • 0 T€TpaO'£V 0'1' a"'p.OIO'£V 0poop.€VOV tiV a /Ca.\ eva' " ~". ,~" 01 V7T'VOC; • a/Cap.aTOV o€ 01 WpO'E 0" €a P.€VOc;, ovo€ 'fI't7T'TEV E7T'l f3A,€r/>a.po£<;, r/>vAa,,~v 8' ;XtiV ;p.7Te8o~ ,, at". f/, ..,. Hesiod and Acusilaus say that she (10) was the daughter of Peiren. While she was holding the office of priestess of Hera, Zeus seduced her, and being discovered by Hera, touched the girl and changed her into a white cow, while he swore that he had no intercourse with her. And so Hesiod says that oaths touching the matter of love do not draw down anger from th e gods. "And thereafter he ordained that an oath concerning the secret deeds of the Cyprian should be without penalty for men." f , "(Zeus changed 10) in the fair island Abantis, which the gods, who are eternally, used to call Abantis aforetime, but Zeus then called it Euboea after the cow." 1 5. "And (Hera) set a watcher upon her (10), great and strong Argus, who with four eyes looks every way. And the goddess stirred in him unwearying strength: sleep never fell upon his eyes; but he kept sure watch always." 1 Euboea properly me&WI the "Island of fine Cattle (or Cow.)." HESIOD FRAGMENTS OF UNKNOWN POSITION 6. 6. Scholiast on Homer, II. xxiv. 24. •AP'YEtcp6vT"1V . , , /CaTd, TOQ~ 'Rutooou /l-{;Bou~ TOV {Jou/Co'A-ov 'Iov~ ecf>ovwuEV ('Ep/l-ij~), "Slayer of Argus." According to Hesiod's tal" he (Hermes) slew (Argus) the herdsman of 10. 7. Athenaeus, xi. p. 503 d. /Cat 0 TOV Al'YtfLw/! ' ." EUTtV "1• K'Ep/cW'j' ,,-'0 M£'A-,,\7l"o£~ua~, ErB' 'R (}"toOO~ ., uto~, " " ..'j',,,U/cT'7PWV, ' " "\I\.a~ 2· v , ~v8a 7T"OT, €UTa£ E/l-0V opxafLe 8, 'Rutoao~ ~, ~ \' OE ola TO TptXY""" aVTou~ INCERTAE SEDIS FItAGMENTA 7. And the author of the Aegimius, whether he is Hesiod or Cercops of Miletus (says) "There, some day, shall be my place of refreshment, 0 leader of the people." 8, H esiod (says they were so called) because they settled in three groups: "And they all were called the Three-fold people, because they divided in three the land far from their country." For (he says) that three Hellenic tribes settled in Crete, the Pelasgi, Achaeans and Dorians. And these have been called Three-fold People. FRAGMENTS OF UNKNOWN POSITION 1. Diogenes Laertiu8, viii. 1. 25. , 0~,,,,,, ,,\' Oupavt"1 ap €Tt/cTe A'wov 7T"0l\.U1IpaTOV UIO'v , &v a~, guo£ {JPOTOt elutv 0,0100£ /Cal /c,Bapt.u:at, 7l"aVT€~ fL~v BP"1VEVUtV €V elA.a7l"tval~ Te XOpOI~ TE, O,pX0p-€vo£ a~ Alvov /Cat 'A-~'Y0vTe~ /Ca'A-€ouul!' Clement 0/ Alexandria, Strom. i. p. 121. 7T"avTol"1~ uocf>£"1~ oeOa"1/CoTa, f: 2. Schor. on Homer, Odyssey, iv. 232. , €l fL~ 'A 7l"o'A-'A-wv q:,o'i{Jo~ V7l"~/c BavaTolO uawual ;, aUTo~ IIa,~"'v, &" Q,7T"aVTWV cf>apJ-La/Ca 010B1', l74 1. "So Urania bare Linus, a very lovely son: and him all men who are singers and harpers do bewail at feasts and dances, and as they begin and as they end they call on Linus '" '" '" who was skilled in all manner of wisdom." 2. "Unless Phoebus Apollo should save him from death, or Paean himself who knows the remedies for all things." '75 Clement 0/ HESIOD FRAGMENTS OF UNKNOWN POSITION 3. 3. Alexandria, Protrept, c. vii. p. 21. I " /Cat\ /Cotpavo~ €rIT£V '0 I If" , I I ",,\"'\ a ava-rwv T€ 01 au T£~ €p'1)pUT-ral /CpaTo~ a/\'/\'o~. " 'Yap , aUTO~ , fJ'" 71'aVTWV aO't/\'618 4. Anecd. Oxon (Cramer), i. p. 148. owpa O€WV f'a/Capwv 71' XTJO'Oat XOovl. 5. Clement 0/ Alexandria, Strom. i. p. 123. ' ", avopa ~ ~ "',/.,~, " alT 71'o/\,u",paO€OVTa T£ 0610'1 M ovO'awv, ' 8€0'7t'toV aV0'1)€VTa. ,~, 6. Strabo, x. p. 471. [Taw V 8'] oi'Jp€tat N of'¢at 06a£ E~€'Y€VOVTO /Cat 'Y€VO~ OVT£oavwv 'J.aTofwv /Cal af''1xavo€p'Ywv KOVPTJT€~ T€ O€o£ ¢IXo71'at'Yf'0v€~ OPX'1)O'TTJP6~. 7. Schol. on Apoll. Rhod. Arg. i. 824. OeO'O'af'6Vo~ 'Y€V€~V KX€ooalov /Cu8aXlf'oto. 8. Suidas, 8.V. aX/C~. '"" , 'Yap '''~ ' A"~ a",/C'1)v f'€V €oW/C€V '0"'/\'vf'71'tO~ ta/cID'[IO't, " ~"A O'~ "," ~, ~ ,~ vovv 0 f'V aOVIDat~, 71'",OVTOVD €71'Op , 'ATp€lD{JO'tV. 9. Schol. on Homer, Iliad, xiii. 155. Tfloe 'Yap a~vXl'[l /CaT671'OO€TO /C~X€a V'1)wv. 10. Etymologicum Magnum. " ~'fJ' \ " 7t'OrItV. , OU/CETt 0'1) awovO't , ",apol~ 11. Schol. on Homer, Iliad, xxiv. 624. ~ ' 7t'pWTa, " .".ep''t'paoew~ ,/.,~,~' , , W71'TYJO'aJl f'€JI 0 epvO'avTo. 27 6 "For he alone is king and lord of all the undying gods, and no other vies with him in power." 4. " (To cause ?) the gifts of the blessed gods to come near to earth." 5. "Of the Muses who make a man very wise, marvellous in utterance." 6. "But of them (se. the daughters of Hecaterus) were born the divine mountain Nymphs and the tribe of worthless, helpless Satyrs, and the divine Curetes, sportive dancers." 7. " Beseeching the offspring of glorious Cleodaeus." 8. "For the OlympIan gave might to the sons of Aeacus, and wisdom to the sons of Amythaon, and wealth to the sons of Atreus." 9. " For through this lack of wood the timber of the ships rotted." 10. " No longer do they walk with delicate feet." 11. " First of all they roasted (pieces of meat), and drew them carefully off the spits." HESIOD FRAGMENTS OF UNKNOWN POSITION 12 Chry8ippu8, Fragg. ii. 21H. 11. " \ • 't 8 \ , \ '8 -/.." TOU "lap a€" eTO UJLO~ EV£ UT'I] EUU£ 't""0£" .v. 13. lb. 11';. oiov liv, un/8euu, XOAOV 8uJLaA"IE' gxouua. 14. Strabo, vii. p. 327. fl.OJ/lWv'I]v c/)'YI'Yuv Te, l1eAaU"IcdV lilpavov, ?iev. 15. Anecd. OXIm (Cramer), iii. p. 318. not. 7Tluu'I]~ Te Ilvo¢epTJq Kal Kellpou V'l]Ae£ Ka'TrvfjJ. 16. Schol. on Apoll. Rhod. Arg. i. 757. aUTo~ Il' tv 71'A1}UJLTlU' 1l"'TreTeO~ 'TroTaJLoFo. 17. StephanuB 0/ Byzantium, l1ap8Ivw~. ' JaKaAa~ 71'popeOJv I r fa' 'Trap 8'evo~ etuw. • ,.." ed~ afJP'l] 18. Schol. on Theocritu8, xi. 75. , ~ ~ .,. \ " Il'edKEt. ' v'I]'Tr£o~, oun~ uTo'JLa ",''TredV aveTotJLa 19. H arpocration. gp"la veedv, flouAal Il~ JLeUedV, euxal Ill; "IEPOVTfJJV. 20. Porphyr, On Abstinence, ii. 18. p. 134. " fJJ~ KE ,'\. t 'J-". ' 'TrO"'t~ pe~Tlut, vOJLo~ Il" ... " apxato~ aptUTo~. 21. Schol. 1m Nicander, Theriaca, 452. '.,.'EJLJLEVat. XP'I]'Il'E ue 'TraTp', •.. ""n",ov 27 8 12. " For his spirit increased in his dear breast." 13. " With such heart· grieving anger in her breast." 14. "He went to Dodona and the oak-grove, the dwelling place of the Pelasgi." 15. " With the pitiless smoke of black pitch and of cedar." 16. " But he himself in the swelling tide of the rainswollen river." 17. (The river) Parthenius " Flowing as softly as a dainty maiden goes." 18. "Foolish the man who leaves what he has, and follows after what he has not," 19. "The deeds of the young, the counsels of the middle-aged, and the prayers of the aged." 20. " Howsoever the city does sacrifice, the ancient custom is best." 21. " But you should be gentle towards your father." 279 HF~IOD DOUBTFUL FRAGMENTS 22. Plato, Epist. xi. 358. " " EP-€tO ... o~ H7TOVTO~ P-EV A. " ' !CEV OOs€t€V O't" ~,~'" 't'avA.ov ep-Ev, Xa",€7TOV oE vory • " ' I!Cal ' (:3POTWV " a'B' avaTO, Ttp-W 22. "And if I said this, it would seem a poor thing .nd hard to understand." 23. Thus spake the Boeotian, even Hesiod,! servant of the sweet Muses: "whomsoever the immortals honour, the good report of mortals also followeth him:' FRAGMENTA DUBIA 1. Galen, de plac. Hipp. et Plat. i. 266. 'i. !Cat Th€ 8h 2. Behol. on Homer, Od. vii. 104. , , ,"'\" I, ' aMTp€VoV 3. Bellol. on Pindar, Hem. ii. 1. A'~ , " " ' ~, EV L>.11"'rp TOTE 7TPWTOV E'YW !Cal\ "011/l)pOt; aOIOOI " ' ... rf f / .. ,,. , 1:" fI-€"'7TOP-EV, €V v€apott; VP-VOt') pa'l' aVT€') aotD'7 V, ...."(:3 ' " , A ryTW. ' ,<,01 OV 'A7TOA.A.Wva xpv DOUBTFUL FRAGMENTS l. " AND then it was Zeus took away sense from the heart of Athamas." 2. "They grind the yellow grain at the mill." 3. Then first in Delos did I and Homer, singers both, raise our strain-stitching song in new hymnsPhoebus Apollo with the golden sword, whom Leto et bare." 4. 4. Julian, Jfisopogon, p. 369 B. ~ , 0" ,~ , ~, Xa",€7TO') 0 E7T1 opa'Yp-an I\.'j.lo'). 5. Serviu8 on Vergil, Aen. iv. 484. Hesiodus hae Hesperidas .•• N octis filias ultra Oceanum mala aurea habuisse dicit. AZ'YA.'YJ T' 1)13' 'EpVBEta Kat 'E Ci. Scholion on Clement, Protrept. i. p. 302. et But starvation on a handful is a cruel thing." 5. Hesiod says that these Hesperides ... ,daughters of Night, guarded the golden apples beyond Ocean. " Aegle and Erythea and ox-eyed Hesperethusa." 1 cpo He.. Theog. 81 If. But Theog:ois 169, "Whomso tha gons honour, even a. man inolined to blame praiaeth him" is much nearer. ' HESIOD DOUBTFUL FRAGMENTS 6. 6. Plato, Republic, iii. 390 E. ooopa 8fOV~ r.-el8ft, ooop' aloolou~ fJa(HA'la~. "Gifts move the gods, gifts move worshipful . " prmces. 7. 1 Cl~ment of Alexandria, Strom. v. p. 256. , ", \.!.. ' " ' €'fJ· oof-taTTI 0. avn~ "af-t7rpov 't'ao~ 1)f"~OLO. 7. .. "On the seventh day again the bright light of the sun . . . . 8. Apollonius, Lex. 110m. <JJo'ifJo~. cpo'ifJov {Jowp E7TlL'YWV Kepau' 'nKfavo'io (lofiUt. 9. Stephanu8 of Byzantium. 'AU7rA1)Ot.JV KAv,uev(k T€ Ka~ 'A,ucpioOKO<; 8€0€to~~. 8. "He brought pure water and mixed it with Ocean's streams." 9. "Aspledon and Clymenus and god-like Amphidocus" (sons of Orchomenus). 10. Schol. on Pinda1', Dem. iii. 64. Tel\a,ut.Jv ddp1)TO<; aDTij~ t , f' ,1..' , "8 1),ueTfpot~ eTapotu~ 't'0W~ 7rpWnUTO~ € 1)K6 , , ~ I " M" KTf£var; aVOpOAfT€£paV af.tWf.t1)TOV e"aV£7r7r1)v, , , ,..., l I aUTOKaut'YVYjT1)V XpUUO~WVQtO avauu1)~. 1 This line may once have been read in the text of Works 10. "Telamon never sated with battle first brought light to our comrades by slaying blameless Melanippe, destroyer of men, own sister of the golden-girdled queen. THE HOMERIC HYMN I I EI~ AmNT~ON 1 TO DIONYSUS • • • • ' 'YO A I '~'~"I" , oi" fLEV P upaICavrp II, O. 0 Kaprp 1)VEfLO€lIlIrJ A," , N'I: ." 'Y€VO~, , ' A , tWT " a, -ralI, Ot. \ 0. ' €V as,!" OtoV €tpa-r ot of. II' E7I"' 'AACPEdp 7I"oTafLfiJ fJaeUOlV~EVTt , "" ' A l.' T€p7l"lIC€pauvrp' ' KUlIafL€v1)v ",EfL€A1)V TEIC€ElV !lAAOl 0' EV ®~fJrJ II€ AE'YOUlIt 'Y€V€IIOal, 0 €WV ~ TE 6 <' , " , '. ~ tevOOfL€VOl' lIE, 0.' €TtKT€ 7I"aT1)p avopwv T€ 7I"OAAOV a7l"' "RP7}V. <" elITt oe Tt~ avO pW7I"WV, /CpU7I"TWV AW/cWAEVOV N ' "U7I"aTOV opo<;, " '8 ' ·U"'rJ, ' UII1), av €OV T1)AOD cIJoWlIC1)<;, IIX€OOV Al"(v7rTOto Fwawv, • • fi\, • Kat Ol avalIT1)IIOUlIlV a"(a fLaTa , f I , " '" W, , , " ',,\ ,,\' , • ... €v. V1)Ol<;. 71"0"'''' ~ " 10 , ~\ Ta fL€V Tpta, IIO' 7I"aVTW<; TpleT1)p'lIlV ate. O€ !lvOPW7I"ot P€~OUlIt T€A1)€lIlIa<; €/CaTdfLfJa<;. oR' f , , '..f..' V€UII€ ... K pOVtWV' I . /Cat /Cuav€'!llIw €71" 0-rPUlIl 'fJ ' ~'J' ,.. , , JI ilfL pOlItat 0 apa xatTat €7I"eppWlIavTo avaICTO<; , a7l" "'8 I I.' "I, I:€V /CpaTO<; a avaTOlO' fL€ryav 0 E"'€"'t~ nov. n. "OAUfL16 n. 1-9 are preserved by Diodoru8 Sieulus iii. 66. 3; 10-21 are extant only In M. 1 286 I * * * * * * .. * some say, at Dracanum; and some, on windy Icarus; and some, in Naxos, 0 Heaven-born,. Insewn 1; and others by the deep-eddying river Alpheus that pregnant Semele bare you to Zeus the thunder-lover. And others yet, lord, say you were born in Thebes; but all these lie. The Father of men and gods gave you birth remote from men and secretly from white-anned Hera. There is a certain Nysa, a mountain most high and richly grown with woods, far off in Phoenice, near the streams of Aegyptus FOR " and men will lay up for her 2 many offerings in her shrines. And as these th ings are three,S so shall mortals ever sacrifice perfect hecatombs to you at your feasts each three years." The Son of Cronos spoke and nodded with his dark brows. And the divine locks of the king flowed forward from his immortal head, and he made great 1 Dionysus, after hi. untimely birth from Semele, was sewn into the thigh of Zeus. , BO. Semele. Zeus i. her. speaking. • The reference i. apparently to something in the body of the hymn, now lost. THE HOMERIC HYMNS II.-TO DEMETER, 1-16 Olympus reel. So spake wise Zeus and ordained it with a nod. Be favourable, 0 Insewn, Inspirer of frenzied women! we singers sing of you as we begin and as we end a strain, and none forgetting you may call holy song to mind. And so, farewell, Dionysus, Insewn, with your mother Semele whom men calJ Thyone. II EI~ A , " II AHMHTPAN , TO DEMETER 0')/ \ ., It- ,.>/I)"/I)'TP 'l)UIC0I-WV, U€/WI)V €OV, apx0l-' aeW€tV, aV'T~V 1}oe BV'Ya'Tpa TaVVO"cpUPOV, f,v 'AtSwvev~ rJp7rag€V, Sc;,IC€V Se (3apVIC'TU7rO~ eVpV07ra Z€V~, '..I.. A' ",,\' VOU'!>tv LJ.1)I-''I)'TP0'l xpuO"aopou, a'Y",aOICap7rOU, ,,. , "n ~ I') 0 '-.. b 7T"at,Ouuav ICOUPVO"£ UUV ..IC€avou,..,a UICO",7T"ot'l " 0 " " ('~ ' \ ' ,~,,' "'\\ av ea 'T a,vuI-'evl)v, pooa ICa> ICPOICOV 1)0 La Ka",a ~ , • -..' Kat"-.. -.. ,~ '.,., 0 A.€tftWV aft ftal\.aKov a'Ya",,,,wa~ '1)0 uaK£V Oil , '0' ,OV • '!>UU€ A.. ~ • '-.. ,,\' ~ ICOUPV , vapK£uuolI oo",OV Ka",UKW7rWt rata At6'1 (3oUA.fiut Xapt'Oftlv'I) IIoA.useK'TV, , 'I')' " '.' 0 ' 'Yavowv'Ta' u€,..,a'l 'TO 'Y€ 7rau£v welT at 10 Oauftau'TOV ,lBava'To£'1 'T€ Beot'l 1}Se Bv1'/'To'i'l avB PW7I"0t'l' ,. 'i" f I~ ( \ , 't: A.. ' 'TOU Ka, a7rO f.t,l)~ ,Ka'TOV Kapa €<;€7r€'!>UIC€t· ... ~, tf t' ' to , 2 ... " \ " rI Bev KW, 1'/0tU'T 001-'1'/, 7T"a'l 'T oupavo~ €UpU'I U7r€P ~" " yata, 'T€ 7T"aU E'y€"alTO"e t:a,"-.."~ a "'ftUPOII ow!'a. . BaA.aulT1'/~' ~ S' I1pa Baft{3~uau' rtplga'To Xeputv iiI-" I1ftcpw -..' a"0 upl-'a -..",a,..,ew· 1')' ' .oe ' X B' , , Ka",ov xalle WV eupua'YUta 1 Allen: ir,J\aO&!'f •• " M. 288 I Tyrrell: k .. a,,~· ~B!,~, M. 15 I BEGIN to sing of rich-haired Demeter, awful goddess-of her and her trim-ankled daughter whom Ardoneus rapt away, given to him by all-seeing Zeus the loud-thunderer. Apart from Demeter, lady of the golden sword and glorious fruits, she was playing with the deepbosomcd daughters of Oceanus and gathering flowers over a soft meadow, roses and crocuses and beautiful violets, irises also and hyacinths and the narcissus, which Earth made to grow at the will of Zeus and to please the Host of Many, to be a snare for the bloomlike girl-a marvellous, radiant flower. It was a thing of awe whether for deathless gods or mortal men to see: from its root grew a hundred blooms and it smelled most sweetly, so that all wide heaven above and the whole earth and the sea's salt swell laughed for joy. And the girl was amazed and reached out with both hands to take the lovely toy; but the wide-pathed earth yll.wned there in the plain THE HOMERIC HYMNS H.-TO DEMETER, 17-4 1 N60"wv bop. 7rElllov, 'TV 8pouO"ev liva~ IIoA-uilt!'Yp.liw "L7r7rOt~ a' (aVa'TOLO"t, J' K povou ; "\ f ff 7rO"uwvuf.t0~ ULO~. 'A p7ra.a~ 'e Il'"a€fcouO"av e7rL " " , o"0-rupof.teVl)v· ',,\ d. I , , TJ'Y LaXTJO"e I " xpuO"eotO"w 0XOLO"W " (J '" " op ta -rWVV, Il' ap " t 20 , 7raTepa ' Kpovt'Il'Y/I' V7ra'TOV d !Ce!CA-op.eI'TJ !CaL, . aptO"TOl'. 'Il' ' ( J ' 'Il' (J " '(J , OU € 'Tt~ a avaTWI' ou € I"Y/'TWV av pW7rWV • TJ!CovO"ev t '." .,.' h " ovo a'Y"ao!Cap7rOt eAaLaL '(J ' ' ' ' ' ' "-rpoveouO"a , ' EL" p.'YI/ I €pO"aLOV u'YaT'Y/P a'Ta"a " '" -rWV'Y/~, • 'e' ' ' ' ",t7rapoICPTJ ' 'Il ep.vo~, aLev €~ al''TpOV, ' E !CaT'Y/ 'H"€A-W~ Te al'as, " t : tT 7rEpLOVO~ a'Y",ao~ vw~, t, , .,.' ' Kpov.til 'Y/V' 0• Il'€ !CouP'Y/~ !C€IC",op.ev'Y/~ 7ra'T€pa ( J " " (J ... .,..,.' " v1]tp, " • ,]O"TO EWV a7rav€v e 7rO",v/,,,,,.O"'Ttp eVL I , "\, '''' vOO"-rtV 1l~'Yp.€1'0~ tepa ICaA-a 7rapa (JV1]'TOOV av(Jpw7rwv. t 'Il " " ' ·TJ'Yev .... A" 'T'Y/V ae!Ca~op.€vTJV w~ EVVEO" VO"t 30 7ra'TpOICaO"t'YV'T/'TO~, IIoA-uO"TJp.av'Twp IIoA-vIlE'Yp.WI', "L7r7rOL~ a' (aVa'TOLO"t, J' K povou ' "\ I f' 7rO"VWl'up.o~ VLO~. ·0¢pa ,,, .. , , ~,\, p.€I' ovv 'Yatav 'Te !Ca. oupavol' aO"'T€pO€VTa " (J' / ". '(J ' A-€UO"O"€ €a !Ca.\ 7rOV'TOV a'Yappoov LX Voel''Ta " aU'Ya~ T ,,"\., "Il'''' 1]€"WV, E'Tt 'T/,,7r€TO ' I!CEl1'1]1' ' p.'T/'T€pa 35 8tEO"(JaL !Cat ¢vA-a (J€OOV ai€t'Y€I'€'TawI', ',f.. "\ ' " 'T0-rpa OLf'''\.'''(J €"'7rL.~ € e""Ie p.E"Iav voov • iiX'T/O"av * • , axvvp.el'1]~ 7rep' • Il' opewv ICopv¢a£ !Ca£ /3Jv (Jea 7r61'TOV r "a( J ' "Il' eIC",U€ " "\. 7rOTVLa ' I -pWl'V... V7r al'a'TV' 'T'Y/~ P.1]T1]p. '0,0 , Il~ P.W ICpalllrJV lixo~ lXA-a/3el', ap¢l xaL'Tat~ afJ-/3poO"la,~ "p~llllfJ-va llat,E'TO xepO"i .piA-vO"', 290 of Nysa, and the lord, Host of Many, with his immortal horses sprang out upon her-the Son of Cronos, He who has many names.! He caught her up reluctant on his golden car and bare her away lamenting. Then she cried out shrilly with her voice, calling upon her father, the Son of Cronos, who is most high and excellent. But no one either of the deathless gods or of mortal men heard her voice, nor yet the olive-trees bearing rich fruit: only tender-hearted Hecate, bright-coitfed, the daughter of Persaeus, heard the girl from her cave, and the lord Helios, Hyperion's bright son as she cried to her father, the Son of Cronos. But he was sitting aloof, apart from the gods, in his temple where many pray, and receiving sweet offerings from mortal men. So he, that Son of Cronos, of many names, who is Ruler of Many and Host of Many was bearing her away by leave of Zeus on hi~ immortal chariot-his own brother's child and all unwilling. And so long as she, the goddess, yet beheld earth and starry heaven and the strong-flowing sea where fishes shoal, and the rays of the sun, and still hoped to see her dear mother and the tribes of the eternal gods, so long hope calmed her great heart for all her trouble. . . . and the heights of the mountains and the depths of the sea rang with her immortal voice: and her queenly mother heard her. . Bitter pain seized her heart, and she rent the covering upon her divine hair with her dear hands: Ile 1 The Greeks feared to name Pluto directly and mentioned him by one of many descriptive titles, such ..... Host of Many": compare the Christian use of • a"f./3.JI.., or our " Evil One.» THE HOMERIC HYMNS II.-TO DEMETER, 42-71 her dark cloak she cast down from both her shoulders and sped, like a wild-bird, over the firm land and yielding sea, seeking her child. But no one would tell her the truth, neither god nor mortal man; and of the birds of omen none came with true news for her. Then for nine days queenly Deo wandered over the earth with flaming torches in her hands, so grieved that she never tasted ambrosia and the sweet draught of nectar, nor sprinkled her body with water. But when the tenth enlightening dawn had come, Hecate, with a torch in her hands, met her, and spoke to her and told her news: "Queenly Demeter, bringer of seasons and giver of good gifts, what god of heaven or what mortal man has rapt away Persephone and pierced with sorrow your dear heart? For I heard her voice, yet saw not with my eyes who it was. But I tell you truly and shortly all I know.~· So, then, said Hecate. And the daughter of rich· haired Rhea answered her not, but sped swiftly with her, holding flaming torches in her hands. So they came to Helios, who is watchman of both gods and men, and stood in front of his horses: and the bright goddess enquired of him: "Helios, do you at least regard me, goddess as I am, if ever by word or deed of mine I have cheered your heart and spirit. Through the fruitless air I heard the thrilling cry of my daughter whom I bare, sweet scion of my body and lovely in form, as of one seized violently; though with my eyes I saw nothing. But you-for with your beams you look down from the bright upper air Over all the earth and sea-tell me truly of my dear 193 THE HOMERIC HYMNS II.-TO DEMETER, 72-99 child, if you have seen her anywhere, what god or mortal man has violently seized her against her will and mine, and so made off." So said she. And the Son of Hyperion answered her.: "Queen Demeter, daughter of rich-haired Rhea, I will tell you the truth; for I greatly reverence and pity you in your grief for your trim-ankled daughter. None other of the deathless gods is to blame, but only cloud-gathering Zeus who gave her to Hades, her father's brother, to be called his buxom wife. And Hades seized her and took her loudly crying in his chariot down to his realm of mist and gloom. Yet, goddess, cease your loud lament and keep not vain anger unrelentingly: Aidoneus, the Ruler of Many, is no unfitting husband among the deathless gods for your child, being your own brother and born of the same stock: also, for honour, he has that third share which he received when division was made at the first, and is appointed lord of those among whom he dwells." So he spake, and called to his horses: and at his chiding they quickly whirled the swift chariot along, like long-winged birds. But grief yet more terrible and savage came into the heart of Demeter, and thereafter she was so angered with the dark-clouded Son of Cronos that she avoided the gathering of the gods and high Olympus, and went to the towns and rich fields of men, disfiguring her form a long while. And no one of men or deep-bosomed women knew her when they saw her, until she came to the house of wise Celeus who then was lord of fragrant Eleusis. Vexed in her dear heart, she sat near the wayside by the Maiden Well, from which the women of the place were used to 294 295 THE HOMERIC HYMNS 0'af£vo~ €",at1]~, ',,\' , O'ICtTl,aVTap ... "" -I.' €V V7l"ep () € 7T"€,!,VIC€t \ • I , ~ "\.1 n.-TO DEMETER, 100 , 'YP1]> 7T"aAat'Y€V€t €Va"'t'Y,ao~, '1T€ TOICDtO €fp'Y1]Tat owpwv Tf! cptAoUT€cpavov 'AcppoolT1]~, olal T€ Tpocpol f!iut ()€f£tUT07T"OAWV (3aO'£A>/WV ,~ \ I \ ~ I " 7T"a£OWV ICat Taf£ta£ ICaTa oWf£aTa 1]X1]€VTa. TrJV o~ rOOV K€A€OtO 'EAEVu£vloao BV'YaTp€~ 105 " I ",t., "" €Pxof£€va£ f£f! B'tl,\;:' Vvwp €V1]PVTOV, o,!,pa '!'€POt€V , '~/ t" , ICaA7T"£Ut xaAIC€tVUt tAO. 7T"pO~ oWf£aTa 7T"aTpO~, " ' 0 ~ T€O'Uap€~, WUT€ Gat, ICOVP1]tDV av o~ €yovO'at, .' , K .' ~1]f£W A '" 'r T €po€O'O'a K aAAtvtIC1] Kat A€£UWtteT/ 0" " , • , " ' K aAAt0 01] ,1] TWV 7T"P0'Y€V€UTaT1] 1]€V a7T"auwV' ' . ' €'Yvov' " 1 xaA€7T"ot' o€ . ' B6Dt'0 V1]TDtUtV " '".J OVO opauval. , • , ° "'t"f a'YXou , l ' .~ e ,,, , 110 It' tUTaf£6Vat €7T"€a 7rT€pO€VTa 7T"pou1]uowv' '0 ' , " - " B ' 7T"0 €V €UO't, 'YP'1U, 7T"a",at'Y€V€6)V av '(JW7T"WV; , ~" vou'!'£ -I. 7T"0"'1]0~ ,_ " , .' ~ I T£7T"T€ O€ a7T"€UT£X€~, OVO€ OOf£Ot If'"'-t' li5 / T1]AtICa£, w~ uu 7T"€P woe ICat 07T""OT€pat 'Y€'Yaauw, '1'..1.." ,.\ 't" J/ ,Jf at IC€ O'€ '!' Lf\,WVTat '1f£€V €7I"ft 1]0€ ICat €P'YfP' "[18 iicpav' 1) 0' f7l"€€G"O'tV af'€l(3€TO 7I"6TVa OdwV' , A... , , a TW€~ € r " " 0 €'YW ° vf£tV j.LV '1 , , , ~, f'" ~", I Xatp€T' a€tIC€~ Vj.Ltv €tpOf£€VTl 120 , f1-1]T1]p. -aUT€ . K'B "€vp€a "" VVV p1]T'7 €V 671" VWTa "0 '(3'tv '7AU0OV OUIC 6 €",OUua, ~ ° t'" 0-' a",aO' , , a€ICOUlTaV ava'YICV .." " a1Jop€~ A'7t )(t' t- .... .... " "" 0€t7l"VOV T aAA' ff£ol I I 1 I , €7T"'7PTUVOVTO 7I"apa 7I"PUf1-vrllT£a V'7o~' OU 06P7l"0tof'€Alcppovo~ i)paTo eUf£6~· Cob.t, ti'V"", M. • Passow: II ..!, M. 125 100- 12 9 d~aw water, in a shady place over which grew an ohve shrub. And she was like an ancient woman who is cut off from childbearing and the gifts of garland-loving Aphrodite, like the nurses of king's children who deal justice, or like the house-keepers in their echoing halls. There the daughters of ~eIeus, son of Eleusis, saw her, as they were coming for easy-drawn water, to carry it in pitchers of bronze to their dear father's house: four were they and like goddesses in the flower of their girlhood, CaIlidice and Cleisidice and lovely Demo and CalIithoe who was the eldest of them all. Thev knew her not, -for the gods are not easily discerned by mortals-, but standing near by her spoke winged words : "Old mother, whence and who are you of folk born long ago? Why are you gone away from the city and do not draw near the houses? For there in the shady halls are women of just such age as you, and others loungeI'; and they would welcome you both by wor and by deed." Thus they said. And she, that queen among goddesses answered them saying: "Hail, dear children, whosoever you are of woman-kind. I will tell you my story; for it is not unseemly that I should tell you truly what you ask. Doso is my name, for my stately mother gave it me. And now I am come from Crete over the sea's wide back,-.-not willingly; but pirates brought me thence by force of strength against my liking. Afterwards they put in with their swift craft to Thoricus, and there the women landed on the shore in full throng aud the men likewise, and. they began to make ready a meal by the stern-cables of the ship But my heart craved not pleasant food, and I fled secretly across . 297 THE HOMERIC HYMNS n.-TO DEMETER" 130- 1 57 the dark country and escaped my masters, that they should not take me unpurchased across the sea, there to win a price for me. And so I wandered and am come here: and I know not at all what land this is or what people are in it. But may all those who dwell on Olympus give you husbands and birth of children as parents desire, so you take pity on me, maidens, and show me this clearly that I may learn, dear children, to the house of what man and woman I may go, to work for them cheerfully at such tasks as belong to a woman of my age. Well could I nurse a new born child, holding him in my arms, or keep house, or spread my masters' bed in a recess of the well-built chamber, or teach the women their work." So said the goddess. And straightway the unwed maiden Callidice, goodliest in form of the daughters of eeleus, answered her and said: " Mother, what the gods send us, we mortals bear perforce, although we suffer; for they are much stronger than we. But now I will teach you clearly, telling you the names of men who have great power and honour here and are chief among the people, guarding our city's coif of towers by their wisdom and true judgements: there is wise Triptolemus and Dioclus and Polyxeinus and blameless Eumolpus and Dolichus and our own brave father. All these have wives who manage in the house, and no one of them, so soon as she 299 n.-TO DEMETER, 158-185 THE HOMERIC HYMNS "to'aTtfJ-"1eraera 00fJ-WV ~, a7rOVoer'Yterer€L€V, clAAd erE OefOVTat' O~ 'Yap 8€0€£IC€AO~ Eerat. €LOO~ I , ,/..' , , " 't'" ' \ 160 €l S' €8eA€t~, E7rtfJ-€tvOV, wa 7rpO~ owp.aTa 7raTpO~ D..8WfJ-€V Kat p-"1Tpl fJa8uSOJV(P M€TaV€[PTl It'" t'" 'II" , et7rWfJ-€V TaO€ 7raVTa o,afJ-7r€p€~, at IC€ a avwYTl "~~ ~/LET€POVO tEvat /L"10 a""wv OW/LaT €p€uva V • , to-' T"1AU'Y€TO~ DE Ot Uto~ €vt /L€'Yap~~ €U7rrJ KT 'P '..I. " " 165 o'!r['YOVO~ TpE't'€Tat, 7rOAV€UX€TO~ aa7raato~ T€. €l TOV 'Y' €K8p€'!rato Kd ~fJ"1~ /L€TPOV rICotTO, ' €ta KJ Tl~ a€ lSowa 'YuvatK(;JV 8"1 AUT €paWV P , I I "8 ' 0' l"",\.waat· Toera KEV TOt a7ro P€7rT"1pta Ot"1' ~., 8' I!.. c:;.', , , , ~ \,.,., v' "n~ ecpa • "1 0 €7rEV€Ua€ Kap'YJaTt· Tat oE 't'a€t a 7rA",aall.€Vat iJOaTo~ cplpov 1i'Y'Y€a KUOtaOuCTat. 170 "' 't' \ "/ 't"" " 8~ p[/Lcpa OE 7raTpO~ tKOVTO /LE'Yav oO/Lov, WKa f , I ' . ' " .' f f\ • " ' I " 0 " /L'YJTpl , , " •• ,'~ •• eVVE7rOV, ro~ €ioov T€ Kat EKAUOV. 'YJ oe fJ-a" wlCa , " "\ . . , " , 8 E"A8ouera~ €KEA€U€ Ka,,€tv €7r a7r€tpovt /Lter 'P' " " at S,~W '" , f'" , f , 7raTp6~ :''Y€1;v8'· f; o· Jp' 87rta8€ cptA-OV T€Tt'YJfJ-JV'YJ ~TOp .,aT€/X KaTa' "KP1/ 8 €V K€Ka"U/L/LEV'YJ' ~, , .. ,/,' at"'t't E 180 o~ 7r€7rAO<; KuavEo~ paotvotert 8€5s €"A€A.lSeTo 7roerertv. AI.r- a o~ owp.a8' '{KOVTO OtoTP€CP€O~ K€A-€o£o, 'f ot . ' at'8' " 8a a't'tat ,/, , 7rOTVta , , O~ ouer'YJ~, €V fJ-'YJT'YJp fJav 1 Matthiae: ,/>(Aa, M. 185 had seen you, would dishonour you and turn you from the house, but they will welcome you; for indeed you are godlike. But if you will, stay here; and we will go to our father's house and tell Metaneira, our deep-bosomed mother, all this matter fuliy, that she may bid you rather come to our home than search after the houses of others. She has an only son, late-born, who is being nursed in our well-built house, a child of many prayers and welcome: if you could bring him up until he reached the full measure of youth, anyone of womankind who should see you would straightway envy you, such gifts would our mother give for his upbringing." So she spake: and the goddess bowed her head in assent. And they filled their shining vessels with water and carried them off rejoicing. Quickly they came to their father's great house and straightway told their mother according as they had heard and seen. Then she bade them go with all speed and invite the stranger to come for a measureless hire. As hinds or heifers in spring time, when sated with pasture, bound about a meadow, so they, holding up the folds of their lovely garments, darted down the hollow path, and their hair like a crocus /lower streamed about their shoulders. And they found the good goddess near the wayside where they had left her before, and led her to the house of theiI dear father. And she walked behind, distressed hi her dear heart, with her head veiled and wearing a dark cloak which waved about the slender feet of the goddess. Soon they came to the house of heaven-nurtured Celeus and went through the portico to wllere their lOI l" H.-TO DEMETER, r86-2T I THE HOMERIC HYMNS I 301 I queenly mother sat by a pillar of the close-fitted roof, holding her son, a tender scion, in her bosom. And the girls ran to her. But the goddess walked to the threshold: and her head reached the roof and she filled the doorway with a heavenly radiance. Then awe and reverence and pale fear took hold of Metaneira, and she rose up from her couch before Demeter, and bade her be seated. But Demeter, bringer of seasons and giver of perfect gifts, would not sit upon the bright couch, but stayed silent with lovely eyes cast down until careful Iambe placed a jointed seat for her and threw over it a silvery fleece. Then she sat down and held her veil in her hands before her face. A long time she sat upon the stool l without speaking because of her sorrow, and greeted no one by word or by sign, but rested, never smiling, and tasting neither food nor drink, bec'luse she pined with longing for her deepbosomed daughter, until careful lambe-who pleased her moods in aftertime also-moved the holy lady with many a quip and jest to smile and laugh and cheer her heart. Then Metaneira filled a cnp with sweet wine and offered it to her; but she refused it, for she said it was not lawful for her to drink red wine, but bade them mix meal and water with soft mint and give her to drink. And Metaneira mixed the draught and gave it to the goddess as she bade. So the great queen Deo received it to observe the sacrament 2 * * * * 1 Demeter chooses the lowlier seat, supposedly a. being more suitable to her assumed condition, but really because in her sorrow she refuses all comforts. • An act of communion-the drinking of the potion (K.K'~P) here described-was one of the most important pieces of ritual in the Elensinia.n mysteries, as commemorating the BOrroWB of the godde&B. THE HOMERIC HYMNS H.-TO DEMETEH, 212-236" And of them all, well-girded Metaneira first began to speak: "Hail, lady! For I think you are not meanly but nobly born; truly dignity and grace arc conspicuous upon your eyes as in the eyes of kings that deal justice. Yet we mortals bear perforce what the gods send us, though we be grieved; for a yoke is set upon our necks. But now, since you are come here, you shall have what I can bestow: and nurse me this child whom the gods gave me in myoId age and beyond my hope, a son much prayed for. If you should bring him up until he reach the full measure of youth, anyone of womankind that sees you will straightway envy you, so great reward would I give for his upbringing." Then rich-haired Demeter answered her: "And to you, also, lady, all hail, and may the gods give you good! Gladly will I take the boy to my breast, as you bid me, and will nurse him. Never, I ween, through any heedlessness of his nurse shall witchcraft hurt him nor yet the Undercutter: 1 for I know a charm far stronger than the Woodcutter, and I know an excellent safeguard against woeful witchcraft." When she had so spoken, she took the child in her fragrant bosom with her divine hands: and his mother was glad in her heart. So the goddess nursed in the palace Demophoiin, wise Celeus' goodly son whom well-girded Metaneira bare. And the child grew like some immortal being, not fed with food nor nourished at the breast: for by day rich-crowned Demeter would anoint him with 1 Undercutter and vVoodcutter are probably popular names (after the style of Hesiod'... Boneless One ") for the worm ~ought to be the cauae of teething and toothache. THE HOMERIC HYMNS H.-TO DEMETER, 237- 20 3 , " ap,l-'pout'll 1:) ' 'ruUEt ' ' 8€OU " 'Ewye'YaWTa " xpteO'IC f to , I \",\ " "IOU lCaTa7rVeWUUa lCat ev KOI\.7rOtO'tV EXOVUa' ' ,~, VV/€Ta~ De KPU7rT€UIC€ AU,8pa 7rUpO~ 'Yov~ruV' cptAruV , ,, ~ i\.' P,€V€t "lUTE oa OV TO'i~ Oe 8a vp,' fJ-~'Ya JT~TU"TO, , ru~ ' 7rpO 8 aA"I~ , 240 TEA8 € €U,,€· 8" eotO't I , , "8' I " EtpK€t. ,~ 'Yap aVTa I "at Kev p,tV 7rot"luev a'Y')pruv T a avaTOV TE, \ " " A. t-, €t, p'''I ap a'l'paot'llutV , " e7rtT"IP"luaua , VUKT , '$-" EU,WVO~ M ' eTaV€tpa 8al\.ap,oto ~ , 8'~' uruO€O~ E" ' to" Kat ap,'I'ru ",1.. "\ 't aTO p'''Ipru \ U"E' ..'rI... aTO' KW/€UUEV DE 7r","I. ~ , ' tp . 7r€pt, 7ratot ~, , 8"I p,E'Ya ' oetO'au Kat"aau , n,,I., '" 8 up,tp" , 245 't' Kat p OA0'l'UP0fJ-EV"I E7rEa 7rT€pOEVTa 7rPOU"Iuoa' T~"vov ll,,//-wcp6ruv, ~I;[V"I O'e 7rUpl gVt 7rOAi\.ijJ I , ,'~" 8"IUtv. "PU7rT€t, Ep,at De 'YOOV Kat"~ ""IDEa ~ ",u'Ypa"T£ "n~ cpaT' OOUpOp,~V"I' Ti]~ 0' litE Sta 8€aruv. 250 TV OE XOAruO'ap,~V"I KaAAtuT€cpavo~ A"IP,~T"IP .... ~ ,I., I , , , "'\ ' , I " 7ratoa 'l'tAOV, TOV a€",7rTOV EVt p,E'YapOtUtV €'TtKT€, , "a 8 ' " " 'Ef EV J "IK€ ' 2 7rEOOVO€, '. ~ X€tp€UO' avaT'llO'tV a7rO 'f: ... ' 8 ' " I " ' , ... €~aVEAOuua 7rUpO~, up,tp "OTEO'aO'a p,a", atvru~, ~ , u ~ tI Kat p ap,uot~ ' ~ N "ItO€~ , M ' €TaVEtpav' ',j, '. • " a'Ya8" Kat' a'l'paop,OVE~ OUT OtO "~ 7rPOO'EEt7r€V EU,ruVOV ~ 8pru7rOt av " , , I " 255 ... aLuaV €7r€PX0P,€VOU 7rP0'Yvwp,€vat OUT€ KaKOtO' , , , ',1.. t" ..., , I 8 KatO'U 'Yap a'l'paot'llut T€'ll~ V"I"EUTOV aau "I~. " '8'" rI' ", ~ \ de::tUTru 'Yap €WV 0P"O~' afJ-Et",tKTOV ':'TU'Y0~ uorup, !lI' , I \ , I " , 260 auavaTov "EV TOt "at a'Y')paov "Ip-uTa 7raVTa "~,j,' , , ",j,8" , 7rawa 'l'tAOV 7rOt"lua "at a'l' tTOV W7raua np,')v' ... , "8'" 8avaTOV ' ,"\. 't VUV 0t" OUK EU w~ "EV "at\... K"Ipa~ a",u.at· , N "..J..8 "" fI I np,'YJ 0 a'l' tTO~ atEV E7rEUU€Tat, OUV€Ka "/ouvruv 'M: ...pp t .. ..o;>';>'ji, Berlin Papy,..., • Cobot: t. 'ijKO, M. «. ambrosia as if he were the offspring of a god and breathe sweetly upon him as she held him in her bosom. But at night she would hide him like a brand in the heart of the fire, unknown to his dear parents. And it wrought great wonder in these that he grew beyond his age; for he was like the gods face to face. And she would have made him deathless and unageing, had not well-girded Metaneira in her heedl,essness kept watch by night from her sweetsmellmg chamber and spied. But she wailed and smote her two hips, because she feared for her son and was greatly distraught in her heart; so she lamented and uttered winged words: " Demophoon, my son, the strange woman buries you deep in fire and works grief and bitter sorrow for me. " Thus she spoke, mourning. And the bright goddess, lovely-crowned Demeter, heard her and was wroth with her. So with her divine hands she snatched from the fire the dear son whom Metaneira had born unhoped-for in the palace, and cast him :rom her to the groun~; for she was terribly angry m her heart. ForthWIth she said to well-girded Metaneira: "Witless are you mortals and dull to foresee your lot, whether of good or evil, that comes upon you. For now in yo?-r heedlessness you have wrought folly past healmg; for-be witness the oath of the gods, the relentless water of Styx-I would have. made your dear son deathless and unaging all his days and would have bestowed on him everlasting honour, but now he can in no way escape death and the fates. Yet shall unfailing honour n.-TO DEMETER, 264-291 THE HOMERIC HYMNS 265 275 , fk€V 285 always rest upon him, because he lay upon my knees and slept in my arms. But, as the years move round and when he is in his prime, the sons of the Eleusinians shall ever wage war and dread strife with one another continually. Lo! I am that Demeter wh" has share of honour and is the greatest help and cause of joy to the undying gods and mortal men. But now, let all the people build me a great temple and an altar below it and beneath the city and its sheer wall upon a rising hillock above Callichorus. And I myself will teach my rites, that hereafter you may reverently perform them and so win the favour of my heart." When she had so said, the goddess changed her stature and her looks, thrusting old age away from her: beauty spread round about her and a lovely fragrance was wafted from her sweet-smelling robes, and from the divine body of the goddess a light shone afar, while golden tresses spread down over her shoulders, so that the strong house was filled with brightness as with Jightning. And so she went out from the palace. And straightway Metaneira's knees were loosed and she remained speechless for a long while and did not remember to take up her late-born son from the ground. But his sisters heard his pitifu I wailing and sprang down from their well-spread beds: one of them took up the child in her arms and laid him in her bosom, while another revived the fire, and a third rushed with soft feet to bring their mother from her fragrant chamber. And they gathered about the struggling child and washed him, embracing him lovingly; but he was not comforted, because nurses and handmaids much less skilful were holding him now. 30 9 THE HOMERIC HYMNS H.-TO DEMETER, 292-320 All night long they sought to appease the glorious goddess, quaking with fear. But, as soon as dawn began to show, they told powerful Celeus all things without fail, as the lovely-crowned goddess Demeter charged them. So Celeus called the countless people to an assembly and bade them make a goodly temple for rich-haired Demeter and an altar upon the rising hillock. And they obeyed him right speedily and harkened to his voice, doing as he commanded. As for the child, he grew like an immortal being. Now when they had finished building and had drawn back from their toil, they went every man to his house. But golden-haired Demeter sat there apart from all the blessed gods and stayed, wasting with yearning for her deep- bosomed daughter. Then she caused a most dreadful and cruel year for mankind over the all-nourishing earth: the ground would not make the seed sprout, for rich-crowned Demeter kept it hid. In the fields the oxen dre" many a curved plough in vain, and much white barley was cast upon the land without avail. So she would have destroyed the whole race of man with cruel famine and have robbed them who dwell on Olympus of their glorious right of gifts and sacrifices, had not Zeus perceived and marked this in his heart. First he sent golden-winged Iris to call richhaired Demeter, lovely in form. So he commanded. And she obeyed the dark-clouded Son of Cronos, and sped with swift feet across the space between. She came to the stronghold of fragrant Eleusis, and there finding dark-cloaked Demeter in her temple, spake to her and uttered winged words: 3I I THE HOMERIC HYMNS , 0"6 7rUT"1P , Z €V~ \ a't' "-i.0 tTa eL'0 oo~ \ t..]ft'lT€P, I<:aA€€£ €'AO€ftEVat ftETa CPVAU O€WV Ul€t'Y€VETaoov. ~", ",, 'A\'! 1111,11,' rOt, ft"1o aT€A€(J"TOV €ft0v €7rO~ €I<: L.J.(.O~ €O"Too., "n~ cpaTO At(J"(J"0ft€V"1' TV 0' OUI<: €7r€7r€CO€TO OVftO~. \ ftal<:apa~ , 0 "ut€V ' "€OVTU~ 325 UVTt~ i!7r€tTu 7rUT"1P eou~ , '" ' fJ~' ~, , 7raVTa~ €7rt7rpoluA/\,Ev' aft0t "1ot~ O€ I<:toV7"€~ c{I<:A"1O"I<:OV I<:at U80v 7rfptl<:aAA€u owpa ~ I<:"0'" ' '" , 0a.t Ttfta~ 0,, ta~ € €/\,OtTO t ft€T" a0 avaTot(J"tv €/\'€O" ,~ ... t'l ,J..' 't'" aAA OVTt~ 7r€tO"at ovvaTO 't'pEva~ OVO€ vO"1ftu " , " II. 'Oov~ 330 OVft'!' xoo0ft€v"1~' (J"T€P€oo~ °~", "1vutV€TO,...V >, 'Yap , 7rOT, €'t'U(J"I<:f "-i. 0' • 0'''' OU ft€V VooOfO~ v/\,vft7rOtO , 0at, ou' 7rptv , 'Y"1~ .. 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U7rOT"1 OV 1 I!P'YOt~ O€wV ftuI<:apwv [8€tv~v] ft"1TCUfTO fJOuAr)v.! 345 a'YXov 8' l'(J"dftfVO~ 7rp0(J"€CP"1 I<:P(LTV~ 'Ap'Y€tcpoVT"1~' 1 Ilgen: J,,' hA~'r"", M. 2 n.-TO DEMETER, 3 21 -34 0 " Demeter, father Zeus, whose wisdom is everlasting, calls you to come join the tribes of the eternal gods: come therefore, and let not the message I bring from Zeus pass unobeyed." Thus said Iris imploring her. But Demeter's heart was not moved. Then again the father sent forth all the blesBed and eternal gods besides: and they came, one after the other, and kept calling her and offering many very beautiful gifts and whatever rights she might be pleased to choose among the deathless gods. Yet no one was able to persuade her mind and will, so wrath was she in her heart; but she stubbornly rejected all their words: for she vowed that she would never set foot on fragrant Olympus nor let fruit spring out of the gl"Ound, until she beheld with her eyes her own fair-faced daughter. Now when all-seeing Zeus the loud-thunderer heard this, he sent the Slayer of Argus whose wand is of gold to Erebus, so that having won over Hades with soft words, he might lead forth chaste Persephone to the light from the misty gloom to join the gods, and t.hat her mother might see her with her eyes and cease from her anger. And Hermes obeyed, and leaving the house of Olympus, straightway sprang down with speed to the hidden places of the earth. And he found the lord Hades in his house seated upon a couch, and his shy mate with him, much reluctant, because she yearned for her mother. But she was afar off, brooding on her fell design because of the deeds of the bJessefl gods. And the strong Slayer of Argus drew near and said: Voss: .so.AV, M. 31 3 THE HOMERIC HYMNS n.-TO DEMETER, 347-37 6 "Ato'1/ ~ " -1-'" , , KvaVOxa£'Ta, Ka'Ta,/-,utf'€VOtUtV avauuwv, ' \ " , \ II -1-' Z€U~ f'e 7ra'T'1/p '1/VW'Y€V a'Yav'1/v €pu€.,..ovetav '/: "'E P€fJ€vu'/-'t 'Q -I- f'€'Ta\ u,/-,€a~, -1-' "-1• , €,.a'Ya'Y€W o,/-,pa € f''1/'T'1/P 'ri,(} a i \ " ,~" , " 0.,.. f'OtuW toovua xo'i\ov Kat" f''1/Vto~ a£v'1/~ '1I' i\'E: ", ,~ " auava'Tot~ '1/s€teV' e7re£ f'erya f''1/oe'Tat €P'Yov, ri,1J" ri, "i\' , \ " l1 ' 'f'" tuat '/-'v al-'€V'1/va xaf'at'Y€v€WV avu pW7rWV, , , • \ " ' -I-(}'f} U7r€Pf' V7rO 'Y'1/~ KpV7r'TOVua, Ka'Ta,/-, wv ouua 'Ttf'dr~ 350 ~€' 0 'l1' \" ,~\ 1I " auaVa'TWv' '1.~" / 0 awov €Xet xo'i\OV, OVO€ UEO£Ut , "i\'" l) "~f} t V'1/0V " 355 f'tu'Ye'Tat, a" a7ravevu€ VWo€O~ €VOO • ' E ' " ' i \ ' l ) " '1/u'Tat ,,€UUWO~ Kpavaov 7r'TO t€UPOV €xovua. 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"D<; cpci'To' 'Y>/f}'1/U€V oe 7r€ptCPPWV II€pu€cpov€ta, 370 "'\/ ~", ,,,,, " d Kap7ra/\,tf'w<; a avopovu V7rO Xapf'a'To<;' aVTap a " 'Y, aUTO<; • "KOKKOV , ,'. ri, " "', i\'a Pll, pOt"7'> €OWKe .,..a'Y€w f'€ i\t'}o€a , ,.1..\ l\ , f/ ",f / af'.,..' € vWf''1/(]'a<;, wa f''1/ f'€VOt "7f'a'Ta 7raVTa Ol) "~, A ' , i\ avut 7raG, awotll U"1f''1/T€pt KVaV07r€7r p. rl I f} €V V7rO r ' XPVU€otU£v , "A.. t7r7rOV<; €, 7rpo7rapot oXeu ,/-,w 375 €V'TU6Va " ' favaTOV<; }' II o,,-vu'1/f'av'Twp " ' 'A toWVEU<;. '" ' e ' '" "e ~, ~' "e' , e 31 4 "Dark-haired Hades, ruler over the departed father Zeus bids me bring noble Persephone fortI; from Erebus unto the gods, that her mother may see her with her eyes and cease from her dread anger with the immortals; for now she plans an awful deed, to destroy the weakly tribes of earthborn men by keeping seed hidden beneath the earth and so she makes an end of the honours of th~ undying gods. For she keeps fearful anger and does not consort with the gods, but sits aloof in her fragrant temple, dwelling in the rocky hold of Eleusis." So he said. Aud Ardoneus, ruler over the dead smiled gri~ly ;md obeyed th~ behest of Zeus the king: Fo,~ he straIghtway urged WIse Persephone, saying: Go now, Persephone, to your ,dark-robed mother, go, and feel kindly in your heart towards me; be not. so exceedingly cast down; for I shall be no unfittmg husband for you among the deathless gods, that am own brother to father Zeus. And while you are here, you shall rule all that lives and moves and shall have the greatest rights among the deathless gods: those who defraud you and do not ~ppease your power with offerings, reverently performmg rites and paying fit gifts, shall be punished for evermore." \Vhen he said this, wise Persephone was filled with joy and hastily sprang up for gladness. But he on his part secretly gave her sweet pomegranate seed to eat, taking care for himself that she might not remain continually with grave, dark-robed Demeter. Then Ardoneus the Ruler of Many openly got ready his deathless horses beneath the golden chariot And she mounted on the chariot, lIS THE HOMERIC HYMNS n.-TO DEMETER, 377-404 and the strong Slayer of Argus took reins and whip in his dear hands and drove forth from the hall, the horses speeding readily. Swiftly they traversed their long course, and neither the sea nor river-waters nor grassy glens nor mountain-peaks checked the career of the immortal horses, but they clave the deep air above them as they went. And Hermes brought them to the place where rich-crowned Demeter was staying and checked them before her fragrant temple. And when Demeter saw them, she rushed forth as does a Maenad down some thick-wooded mountain, while Persephone on the other side, when she saw her mother's sweet eyes, left the chariot and horses, and leaped down to run to her, and falling upon her neck, embraced her. But while Demeter was still holding her dear child in her arms, her heart suddenly misgave her for some snare, so that she feared greatly and ceased fondling her daughter and asked of her at once: "My child, tell me, surely you have not tasted any food while you were below? Speak out and llide nothing, but let us both know. For if you have not, you shall come back from loathly Hades and live with me and your father, the dark-clouded Son of Cronos and be honoured by all the deathless gods; but if you have tasted food, you must go back again beneath the secret places of the earth, there to dwell a third part of the seasons every year: yet for the two parts you shall be with me and the other deathless gods. But when the earth shall bloom with the fragrant flowers of spring in every kind, then from the realm of darkness and gloom thou shalt come up once more to be a wonder for gods and mortal men. And now tell me how he rapt you away to the realm of darkness and gloom, and by what trick did the strong Host of Many beguile you?" 31 7 THE HOMERIC HYMNS fl.-TO DEMETER, 405-433 ,I, , .,..,.' " ·0' ITeplTE,/,oV'I'] 7rEptKa"'''''I']r; avnov "!V a 405 \ e'Yw " .. "TOt'Yap Tot, P.'Y}TEP, epew VIJP.E p T ~a '7TaVTa" t" " """",.it" , " Aor; WKvr; " EUTe p.rn Epp.r;<; ,,!IW EptoVVWr; a'Y'YE T~v 8' au t f,\ 7rap 7raTepo<; Kpov,oao Kal, )aA.",WV E'A.eE/'V €,'e' , 0'vpavtwvwll, ' I r.I "ilia p.",I,e'" " IOOVlTa ,~" Epe/,-,Evr;, o'/' a"'p.ollTIV ',,\ \' , .. 410 a avaTOtlTl XO",OV Kat p."!Vtor; atv'Y}r;, " , t \ ' " 8 alJT[IC' E'Y~V avopovlT VTrO xapp.aTor;· aVTap A.~'atr; A.aepy , P.Ot pOt,,!r; ' "ICOICKOV, ' .,. 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',,\ 'TaVTa nt axvvp.ev'I'] TrEp a",'Y} ea TraVT aryopevro. ~p.fiaA.e . oe e , r'f:' '.' • e "', "'" " , \.,.' , ,, e" e e e' "e ", , Then beautiful Persephone answered her thus: " Mother, I will tell you all without error. When luck-bringing Hermes came, swift messenger from my father the Son of Cronos and the other Sons of Heaven, bidding me come back from Erebus that you might see me with your eyes and so cease from your anger and fearful wrath against the gods, I sprang up at once for joy; but he secretly put in my mouth sweet food, a pomegranate seed, and forced me to taste against my will. Also I will tell how he rapt me away by the deep plan of my father the Son of Cronos and carried me off beneath the depths of the earth, and will relate the whole matter as you ask. All we were playing in a lovely meadow, Leucippe 1 and Phaeno and Electra and Ianthe, Melita also and Iache with Rhodea and Callirhoe and Melobosis and Tyche and Ocyrhoe, fair as a flower, ChryseIS, laneira, Acaste and Admete and Rhodope and Pluto and charming Calypso; Styx too was there and Urania and lovely Galaxaura with Pallas who rouses battles and Artemis delighting in arrows: we were playing and gathering sweet flowers in our hands, soft crocuses mingled with irises and hyacinths, and rose-blooms and lilies, marvellous to see, and the narcissus which the wide earth caused to grow yellow as a crocus. That I plucked in my joy; but the earth parted beneath, and there the strong lord, the Host of Many, sprang forth and in his golden chariot he bore me away, all unwilling, beneath the earth: then I cried with a shrill cry. All this is true, sore though it grieves me to tell the tale." 1 The list of names is taken-with five additions-from Hesiod, Theogony 349 11: : for their general significance see DQte on th.. t p&as&ge. THE HOMERIC HYMNS II.-TO DEMETER, 434-461 Q~ T(m!. !-,€p 7rp(J7rap :fJ!-,ap ofLo¢popa 8v!-,op ~(Cov(J'at 7roA.).,a fLaA.' a).,).,~A.rup ICpaU'1p ICat 8vfLOP ,aLpov 8 ' af'¢a'Ya7ra,o!-'€pa£' aXErup 0 a7r€71"aV€TO VfLO~. ' .' '.' , ,~~,~ "•• ' '1'1 8o(J'v~a.~ 0, EOE'X,,0pT,O, 71"a~ a/\,/\,'1l1.rup EO~OOV TE. TV(J'tp 0 €"I'YV8Ep '1A.8 EICaT'1 ).,t71"apOICp'10€!-,I'O~· , J-o' • \1i:"W",.#.. ,,~, I I , 435 , A' " 71"oA.).,a 0 ap afL,/,a'Ya7r'1(J'€ ICOP'1p U'1fL'I)TEpO~ a'YV'fJv' , TOV. . Otf ', " , JI,'" 440 EIC 71"p07ro/\'o~ ICat O7TaruV E71"/\,ET apa(J'(J'a. Tat:~ O~ !-,€T' /i,'Y'YE).,OV '7ICE (3apuICTV71"O~ EVpU07ra Z€,)~ 'P A' ,~ €tr/p' " 'l)VKofLov, U'1fL'/T€pa ICvaV07r€71"II.OP a~€!-,€pa£ fL€Ta. ¢v).,a 8ewp, {J7r€OEICTO OE Tt!-'a.~ ' d d ' 8" a~ icEI' €AOtTO fLET" a8 aVaTO[(J't EOt(J't' Il ru(J'EfL€p, ... t" f , J/ "\. "\ I 445 V€V(J'€ DE Ot ICOVP'1p €T€O~ 71"€ptT€/\,/\,O!-'EpOtO , I , ... f ' y',I.. , , T'1 p TpnaT'1p fLEV !-,otpap V7rO ,0,/,01' '1€pOEpTa, \ OE .,.' ' . Ta~ ovru 7rapa, fL'1Tpt""~~ ICat a/\'"OI~ a' 8 apaTOt(J'tv. '" ",rl.. , 1~"'8 8 \ A \ , "\ I ru~ E,/,aT' ovo a71"t '1(J'E Ea uw~ a'Y'YEII.£awp. , , t'1"f: '0'" I €UUVfLEpru~ 0 '1tr;;E KaT v/\,vfL7rO£O ICapfJvruv, f~ 0' /i,pa 'Papwv i~€, ¢EP€(J'(3Wp ov8ap apo';p'1~ 450 , I " , ,,' ,J. '(3 'A-A. a' TO 7rptP, aTap TOT€ 'Y ovn '/'EpE(J' tOV, a lIC'1A.oV " '''' ~ ~ " 8·'" , E(J'T'1!<:€£ 7rava,/,v/\,lI.op· EICEV E 0 apa ICpt" ~II.€VICOp It' A ' "\ "\. rI.. I , \ " fL'1 0E (J't U'1fL'1TpO~ ICaJ\J\£u,/,vpOV' aVTap E7rE£Ta ,,,..1.. .. , , I fL€A.A.€V a,/,ap Tapao£(J'£ ICO!-''1U€tv a(J'TaxvEu(J'tv • 't' ' . .0' apa " 7nOV€~ '" 455 'l)pO~ a€r;;OfLEVO£o, 71"EOrp 0'YfLOt , , , ,~ ~. " • 0' 8 (3pt(J'EfLEp a(J'TaXvwV, Ta\ 0.', Ep E"J\€OapOt(J't O€ €(J' at. "" ' ('13 ' " 'at8 ' "aTpv'YETOW' Ep8 E7rE 7r pru'rt(J'TOV a7r EpO~ , '."'.'~ ~ I~ , . ' 8 v!-'rp. " a(J'71"a(J'tru~ 0 toOV a"'/\''1J\a~, IC€xap'1VTO DE , 0.,. • 7rP0(J'€Et71"E " P 'E'1 ~J\t71"apoICp'1' 0 ' T'1p ruDE EfLVO~ " ' , (3' , , AEVPO TE!<:O~, ICa).,E€t (J'€ apVICTV71"O~ €vpV07ra ZE')~ e).,8€!-'€pa£ fLETa. ¢vAa 8€wp, U71"€O€ICTO Ot 'rtfLa.~ 3 20 460 So did they then, with hearts at one, greatly cheer each the other's soul and spirit with many an embrace: their hearts had relief from their griefs while each took and gave back joyousness. Then bright-coitfed Hecate came near to them, and often did she embrace the daughter of holy Demeter: and from that time the lady Hecate was minister and companion to Persephone. And all-seeing Zeus sent a messenger to them, rich-haired Rhea, to bring dark-cloaked Demeter to join the families of the gods: and he promised to give her what rights she should choose among the deathless gods and agreed that her daughter should go down for the third part of the circling year to darkness and gloom, but for the two parts should live with her mother and the other deathless gods. Thus he commanded. And the goddess did not disobey the message of Zeus; swiftly she rushed down from the peaks of Olympus and came to the plain of Rharus, rich, fertile corn-land once, but then in nowise fruitful, for it lay idle and utterly leafless, because the white grain waS hidden by design of trim-ankled. Demeter. But afterwards, as springtime waxed, it was soon to be waving with long ears of corn,·.and its rich furrows to be loaded with grain upon the ground, while others would already be bound in sheaves. There first she landed from the fruitless upper· air: and glad were the goddesses to see each other and cheered in heart. Then brightcoitfed Rhea said to Demeter: " Corne, my daughter; for far-seeing Zeus the lou:dthunderer calls you to join the families of the gods, and has promised to give you what rights you please 3 21 THE HOMERIC HYMNS 1 The restoration. of this and the following linea are thoaa printed in the Oxford (11111) text. 3u H.-TO DEMETER, 462 - .. 89 among the deathless gods, and has agreed that for a third part of the circling year your daughter shall go down to darkness and gloom, but for the two parts shall be with you and the other deathless gods: so has he declared it shall be and has bowed his head in token. But come, my child, obey, and be not too angry unrelentingly with the dark-clouded Son of Cronos; but rather increase forthwith for men the fruit that gives them life." So spake Rhea. And rich-crowned Demeter did not refuse ~)Ut straightway made fruit to spring up from the rICh lands, so that the whole wide earth was laden with leaves and flowers. Then she went a~d to the kings who deal justice, Triptolemus and DlOcles, the horse-driver, and to doughty Eumol pus and Celeus, leader of the people, she showed the condu~t of her rites and tau$'ht them all her mysteries, to Trlptolemus and Polyxemus and Diocles also -awful mysteries which no one may in any way tran~gress or pry into or utter, for deep awe of the gods checks the voice. Happy is he among men upon earth who has seen these mysteries; but he who is uninitiate and who has no part in them, never has lot of like good things once he is dead, down in the darkness and gloom. But when the bright goddess had taught them all, they went to Olympus to the gathering of the other gods. And there they - dwell beside Zeus who delights in thunder, awful and reverend goddesses. Right blessed is he among mcn on earth whom they f~eely love: soon they do send Plutus as guest to hIS great house, Flutus who gives wealth to mortal men. THE HOMERIC HYMNS IlL-TO DELIAN APOLLO, 'AAI\, " a'Y • '1 'E'",EVO'tVO> ~ 8 ' ~., • 490 VOEO'O''/'}<; o'/'}fLoV exovO'a 'II' '-/.' 'A~' , Ka. apov afL'f'tpvT'/'}V vTpwva TE 7reTp,}eVTa, , , "\. 't- , ,.J..' r A .. )f 7rOTvta, a'Yl\.aOOWp, wp'Y/'f'0pe, l.J.'Y/0t avaO'O'a, atJT~ Kal KOVP'Y/ 7rEptKaXX~> IIepO'E aVT 'PO'}> UfL'Y/pE 07ra."E. " , Kal O'E'O ... Kal aXX']<; " " ,aoto']>. "" aVT p E'YW fLV'Y/O'OfL 't " , (;), 495 III EI~ f I AIIOAAllNA [tl.HAION] "J. , \ And now, queen of the land of sweet Eleusis and sea-girt Paras and rocky Antron, lady, giver of good gifts, bringer of seasons, queen Deo, be gracions, you and your daughter all beauteous Persephone, and for my song grant me heart-cheering substance. And now I will remember you and another song also. III " " ' , ~, ,I\.a'0 w~, 'A'" OUOE 7rO/\,I\.Wvo<; EKaToto, M V'Y/O'ofLat "OVTE 0' , ~~ A' , " EOt KaTa oWfLa l.J.tO<; TpofLEOVO'W WVTa' I 1-18 ~" , Ka£ pa T ava,O'O'ovO'w E7rt O'XEOOV EPxofLEVOto , '-/."~, " -/.'~ 't: ' 7raVTE<; a'f' Eopawv, OTE 'f'a£otfLa To~a TtTawEt. 5 A']T~ 0' of'/'} pJ,fLVE 7rapal tl.tl TEpmKepavvrp, til' t:)1 " I, \'''',.k I 'Y/ pa fJtoV T e~a/\'aO'O'E Kat eKI\.'Y/tO'O'E 'f'apeTp'Y/V, Kat oi a7r' l EotO ' , , 'EK XPVO'EOV' , ,~, • 7raO'O'a/\,ou TOV 0 f> 0' pOVOV EtUEV •a'Y0vua • ~ N· '''~ ,~ , , 10 T!p 0 apa VEKTap EOWKE 71'aT'Y/p oE7ra£ XPVUE£rp .. , .I." " " ~, .. , "'" OE£KvvfLevo> 'f'£AOV Vtov' E7rEtTa oE oatfLove<; a/\,/\,o£ lvOa Ka8lsovO'w' xalpEt oe TE 7rOTVta A'Y/TW, tI f: ,I.. , \ , " .. \ " OVVEKa TO.O'f'0'f0V Kat KapTEpov VWV ETtKTE. ~ , "A ... , , / '''\~, 'lIatpE, fLaKatp W 'Y/TOl, E7rE£ TEKe<; a'Yl\.aa TEKva, ;A~' " " 15 7roXXWva" T avaKTa Kat\ "A PTEfLlV £oxeatpav, , fLev "EV ' 0pTV'Yl'[b ' TOV ' OE .. ' Kpava'[J~ eVl , , l.J.'Y/I\.!p, A '" T'Y/V , 7rpO<; , fLaKpoV , .opo<; "a.' Kuv' O "eKAl/LEv'/'} toV · oX8OV, , ',I.. , , "1 ~"O a'YXOTaTCd 'f'0WtKO<;. E7r VCd7rOtO pEE POt"• • RllhDk... : M.;\.& D.;\. .......... ll. TO DELIAN APOLLO I WILL remember and not be unmindful of Apollo who shoots afar. As he goes through the house of Zeus, the gods tremble before him and all spring up from their seats when he draws near, as he bends his bright bow. But Leta alone stays by the side of Zeus who delights in thunder; and then she unstrings his bow, and closes his quiver, and takes his archery from his strong shoulders in her hands and hangs them on a golden peg against a pillar of his father's house. Then she leads him to a seat and makes him sit: and the Father gives him nectar in a golden cup welcoming his dear son, while the other gods make him sit down there, and qneenly Leta rejoices because she bare a mighty son and an archer. Rejoice, blessed Leta, for you bare glorious children, the lord Apollo and Artemis who delights in arrows; her in Ortygia, and him in rocky Delos, as you rested against the great mass of the Cynthian hill hard by a palm-tree by the streams of Inopus. III.-TO DELIAN APOLLO, 19-48 THE HOMERIC HYMNS '" II OO~ T t, ap U, "p,IJ'TJUOO t" , 'II'aIJTOO~ " " EVV"",OIJ f!oIJTai /J6fJ>.~aT' amo~~, , , " " ,'"" 'to', \ ' • '7P,EIJ aIJ 'TJ'II'etPOIJ 'II'0PTtTPO",OIJ '10 aIJa IJ'7uov~ 'II'aIJT'TJ 'Yap TOt, '1>Oi/JE, IJop,oi 20 "~, , . . . , ' H 'II'aua£ 06 ulto'll'ta£ TOt aooIJ {(at 'II'pOOOIJ6~ altpo£ ,," 0P600IJ , l ~ 'II'pOp60IJTIS~ , V••'I'r.'7"OOIJ 7rOTap,O£'0'·" a"a06 , ,T. , -" ",,,, altTa£ E'~ al\.a 1tt;It",Lp,EIJaL "'Lfl-EIJ6~ TIS 0al\.auu'TJ~' " ' ... "A '" Q'" '1 oo~ ue 7rPOOTOIJ '7TOO TEItE, Xapp,a fJPOTOLU£, ItA.WOE'iua 7rPO~ KtiIJOov ;;po~ ItpaIJafJ 25 JIJI IJ~uf(J, , " afL'I"pvT'[1i rl.' ., 0·" " ' A'TJA.f(J EIJ EltaTfip IS 06 Itv!-'a lte",awoIJ 't' ' f ~ "\ " , Es'[1EL XepuoIJoe "'£'YV7rIJOLOL~ aIJe!-'oLUtIJ, -0 , "0 " "aIJaUUE'~' EIJ EIJ ' a7roPIJVfL€IJO~ 7raut IJ'TJTO.U,IJ • K "T"EIJTO~ exet - Ita.\ 0'TJ!-,o~ ." 'AO ' ouuov~ p'TJT'7 'TJ IJOOIJ " ' T 'A"L'Y'IJ'TJ IJaVU£ItI\.€.T'TJ , , \ ' T , EH(:) IJ'7uo~ vfJota, Al'Y at, II€Loeutat 1 TE Itat a'Yvtd>.'TJ IIE7rap'TJOo~ fi:A ' , ~ 'AO' , II'TJ",tOV ,'I'. , va UP'7t{(LO~ T OOO~ Itat altpa ltap'7 '" ' 'I.0'7~ T 'OfopEa U{(WeIJTa, , 'CJP'TJ.It.'TJ TIS ..;0, ~a!-,o~ ~... \rt-.' " A 'VTOKaIJ'TJ~ , " " ~ItVpO~ ltaL "'OOltata Ita. opo~ at7rv, "1(:) , Kat.l ' \ "'TJfLvo~ ap,tx '0" !-,/-JPO~ T " eVKTtfI-EIJ'TJ a",o€ Kat, X'to~, '1.IJ'7 30 35 '.,., KELTaL, " E'" al\.' , Te M'tp,a~ Kat' K ' , va 7ra'7raA.O€L~ OOPV{(OV aKpa Kap'1 'IT' , "' \ ' , A' I 40 Ka ...... A.apo~ a''Y''''7E " I 't T "·'II' "10e apo~ 'P" 'TJIJaLa TIS N,aso~ tI , ,~, tE f.)',,\ , 'II'ISTp'TJlSuua, ff A ' TO''TJ '1>oi/JoIJ oe,a 0. • Ruhnkvn: T' EI,. .. lc., MSS, 45 How, then, shall I sing of you who in all ways are a worthy theme of song? For everywhere, 0 Phoebus, the whole range of song is fallen to you, both over the mainland that rears heifers and over the isles. All mountain-peaks and high headlands of lofty hills and rivers /lowing out to the deep and beaches sloping sea wards and havens of the sea· are your delight. Shall I sing how at the first Leto bare you to be the joy of men, as she rested against Mount Cynthus in that rocky isle, in sea-girt Delos-while on either hand a dark wave rolled on land wards driven by shrill winds-whence arising you rule over all mortal men? Among those who are in Crete, and in the township of Athens, and in the isle of Aegina and Euboea, famous for ships, in Aegae and Eiresiae and Peparethus near the sea, in Thracian Athos and Pelion's towering heights and Thracian Samos and the shady hills of Ida, in Scyros and Phocaea and the high hill of Autocane and fair-lying Imbros and smouldering Lemnos and rich Lesbos, home of MacaI', the son of Aeolus, and Chios, brightest of all the isles that lie in the sea, and craggy Mimas and the heights of Corycus and gleaming Claros and the sheer hill of Aesagea and watered Samos and the steep heights of Mycale, in Miletus and Cos, the· city of Meropian men, and steep Cnidos and windy Carpathos, in Naxos and Paros and rocky Rhenaea-so far roamed Leto in travail with the god who shoots afar, to see if any land would be willing to make a dwelling for her son. But they greatly trembled and feared, and none, not even the richest of them, dared receive I11.-TO DELIAN APOLLO, 49-78 THE HOMERIC HYMNS t 'Y' "OTE 7rp.V too, t' 01'} P A , \ nn I, 'D ' , UI'}"OU EfJI'}UaTO 'll"OTv,a AI'}Tto .~ ' • • Ka l fJ,'V aV€tpOJ1,iWI} €7r€a 7rTEpOEVTa 'll"pouI'}uoa' .6.ijX', El 'Yap K' Ee€XOt~ eoo<; ~fl-fl-EVat ulo<; €ftO'io, r:t>ol(3ou 'A7roAXrovo~, 8eueat T' ~Vt 7r[ova V'I}OV,- w" " 0.1\.,,0<; • • 7r0 OU7£<; UEto ~,.. 0 e' 0.'1'.,.ETat, oUO€ ' , UE ,,' "I'}UEt· ~ ~ ,,)/ 8 'I ",,,"'\ UE 'Y €UEU at ot0fl-at OUT €UfI-'I}"OV, 't-'''t:l ouo €UfJrov , ~ \ , " JI , 1\ A.' I rh' OUo€ TpU'YI'}V OtU€t<; OUT o.p -rUTa fl-upta -rUUEt<;. ',"'\ oe K"A'll"O"II.rovo<; , t" 50 ~ I e €X'[Iu a, 55 ')f Et EKaep'YOU V'I}0V 'f 't:} av pro7rot TOt 7raVT€<; a'Ytvl'}uouu €KaT0fl-fJo.<; '8'~'" .~. w ., EV 0.0 a'Yetp0fl-€Vot, KVtUUI'} oe TOt aU7rETO<; atEt we ' t' ..., , ".t: r.J ' , , e 01. Ke U J ", I ,,, ol'}fJ,OV avats €, fJOU/C'I}UE'~ €XroUt , , , ,"'\ "\ ' , \ JI f ' "0 60 X€tp0<; a7r a""oTptl'}<;, €7re. OV TOt 7rtap U7r ou 0.<;. &<; ¢aTO' Xa'iPE oe .6.ijXo<;, afJ,Et(30fJ,EV'I} 7rPOUA oe I'}voa' A'I}To'i, KVO£UTI'} eV'YaTep fJ,E'YaXOU Koloto, , , " ,t' " aU7raut'l} Kev €'Yro 'YE 'Y0VI'}V €KaTOto avaKTo<; . J,..,"'" to , O€<;;atfl-I'}v' atvro<; 'Yap €T'1TUfl-0V €tfl-t OVU'1X'1<; l:: ' t" ,~, , .~~, avopautv' woe o€ Kev 7r€ptTtfJ,'I}€Uua 'Y€VOtfJ,I'}V. , ,.~ 'A " .. ,~, , aXXa TOo€ TP0fJ,€ro, I'}Tot, E7rO<;, OUOE us KEUUro' e" I , '" ., " X£I'}V 'Yap Ttva, -rauw aTau a"ov 'A'" 7ro""rova ,~, I €UU€U at, fJ,€'Ya OE 'll"pVTaVeUU€fl-EV a avaTOtU, Kat eVfJTO'iu£ (3POTO'iUtV €'II"£ teloropOV apoupav. ... n , .... t' It' 'A. I , I T'fJ P atvro<; oE£ootKa KaTa -rp€va Ka£ KaTa Ufl- 0V , , t " -A , ... lit' A.. I ',,\ ' ft'l}, O'll"OT aV TO 'll"proTOV 1.0'[1 't'ao~ I'}EI\.£OtO, .. e 'e ' 'e ... , I ,\ 65 70 't'" .. V'I}UOV aTtft'l}ua<;, €'II"Et 'I} Kpava'l}'II"€Do<; €tfJ,t, , ' .. t..." r, \ , "\ I 'll"OUUt KaTaO"Tp€ '1' a<; rou'[I 0.,,0<; €V 'll"E"a'Y€UUtv, .. e J " , ,... \ ''',,\ ' \ €V EftE fJ,EV ft€'Ya KVfJ,a KaTa KpaTo<; a"t<; at€t , • 0~, a",,'I}v '"" "' '" 't: w K€V 0.017 "~. KXVUUEt· 'Yatav a'l'tseTa£, 'I} Ot, TEVeaO"ea, V'I}OV TE Kat aXUEa O€VOp1€VTa' 7rOVXV'II"OO€<; 0' €V £fJ,0< eaXaf.J,l1.<; ¢wical TE ,.eXawa, ° , I I , r' ,~"\. .. OtKta 'll"Ot1)uoVTa, aKI'}O€a, X,/TEI "aWV. ,0 328 75 Phoebus, until queenly Leto set foot on Delos and uttered winged words And asked her: " Delos, if you would be willing to be the abode of my son Phoebus Apollo and make him a rich temple-; for no other will touch you, as you will find: and I think you will never be rich in oxen and sheep, nor bear vintage nor yet produce plants abundantly. But if you have the temple of farshooting Apollo, all men will bring you hecatombs and gather here, and incessant savour of rich sacrifice will always arise, and you will feed those who dwell in you from the hand of strangers; for truly your own soil is not rich." So spake Leto. And Delos rejoiced and answered and said: "Leto, most glorious daughter of great Coeu;;, joyfully would I receive your child the farshooting lord; for it is all too true that I am illspoken of among men, whereas thus I should become very greatly honoured. But this saying I fear, and I will not hide it from you, Leto. They say that Apollo will be one that is very haughty and will greatly lord it among gods and men all over the fruitful earth. Therefore, I greatly fear in heart and spirit that as soon as he sees the light of the sun, he will scorn this island- for truly I have but a hard, rocky soil-and overturn me and thrust me down with his feet in the depths of the sea; then will the great ocean wash deep above my head for ever, and he will go to another Jand such as will please him, there to make his temple and wooded groves. So, many-footed creatures of the sea will make their lairs in me and hlack seals their dwel. lings undisturbed, because I lack people. Yet if 32 9 THE HOMERIC HYMNS III.-TO DELI AN APOLLO, 79-107 you will but dare to sware a great oath, goddess, that here first he will build a glorious temple to be an oracle for men, then let him afterwards make temples and wooded groves amongst all men; for surely he will be greatly renowned. So said Delos. And Leto sware the great oath of the gods: "Now hear this, Earth and wide Heaven above, and dropping water of Styx (this is the strongest and most awful oath for the blessed gods), surely Phoebus shall have here his fragrant altar and precinct, and you he shall honour above all." Now when Leto had sworn and ended her oath, Delos was very glad at the birth of the far-shooting lord. But Leto was racked nine days and nine nights with pangs beyond wont. And there were with her all the chiefest of the goddesses, Dione and Rhea and Ichnaea and Themis and loud-moaning Amphitrite and the other deathless goddesses save white-armed Hera, who sat in the halls of cloud· gathering Zeus. Only Eilithyia, goddess of sore travail, had not heard of Leto's trouble, for she sat on the top of Olympus beneath golden clouds by white-armed Hera's contriving, who kept her close through envy, because Leto with the lovely tresses was soon to bear a son faultless and strong. But the goddesses sent out Iris from the well-set isle to bring Eilithyia, promising her a great neck· lace strung with golden threads, nine cubits long. And they bade Iris call her aside from white-armed Hera, lest she mi~ht afterwards turn her from coming with her words. When swift Iris, fleet of foot as the wind, had heard all this, she set to run; and 33 0 33 1 III.-TO DELrAN APOLLO, 108-134 THE HOMERIC HYMNS '" fl'1"·pa u€€W, ,~, TaXEQJ~ oE • , "TO ' jUU-l]'YU., O'l]VUtTE 'Il"av "" " p"£leaVE uEWV a"~. ".O~ aUTap E'Il"6£ €OO~, a£'Il"uv I\.Ujl-'Il"OV, " ' · ' E " ' O , , ' , 0'1' aunK ap £AE£ utav a'll"EK jl-E'YapotO upa."E llO , ~ ..! . , '. EK'Il"pOKal\.EtTtTa/"ClI'Y/ E'Il"Ea 71'n'pOEVTa 'Il"p0u-l]uoa, , 71'aVTa ,~ , jl-al\., , Citl~ " ~ ~ E'Il"ET€I\.I\.OV • exovtTat. '0'"",ujl-'Il"ta ' •, , OOOjl-aT ' e7l'e, • 0EV EV£ " tTTl]'0 EtTU-t 't'£l\.otu-£· A..'~ TV" 0.,.. apa 0 ufLoV '~' ... - ' "0 " OE 'Il"OtT£" TPl]pootTt 'Il"E"",£atTtv t fLa 0" 0fLotat. fJav EflT' E'Il"l ll'ljA.oU lfJatve jl-O'YOU-TOKO~ ElA.E£OUta, o~ T~V TOKO~ 115 jUVO£Vl]U-EV o~ TEK€tTOat. , A..' oE . ' 't'0tvtK£ ,/.,' fJ ' ' ''Il"l]XE6, '' " .0' epEtu-6 • a",E 'Y0uva ajl-'t" TOTe ElA.e, " fta",aK'l" ~" ,~ ~, "", 0 A.€£fLOOVt fL€£ol]u-e 06 'Ya£ U'Il"EVep 6V' EK 0' lOope 'Il"pd CPOootTOE' OEal 0' oA.oA.ufav Ci'll"atTat. "EvOa tTf, ~tE '" a'YVw~ " tT'Il"ap",av ,~." A..' -~/\,euK'l', " Ka£, Ka0 apoo~, 0 EV 't'apE£ ,.', , ~" ',/.,. Vl]'YaTE'l" 'Il"EP' OE xpvu-eov tTTP0't'0V l]Kav. '.' ap ""A'Il"o",/\,oova ,~ ~ ' 0 1}tTaTO ' , O Uo xputTaopa jl-l]Tl]P, .... ~''''''' " fJ ' "EpaTEtvl]v u",l\,a I\.E'Il"T'fJ, ' , E7I'1]Pr;;aTO' , 't! ...~, A ' 125 a'0 aVaTVtT£V XEPtTW xa£pe oe 1] TOO, fI f: ..l..' , ' " ' ' ouVEKa TOS 0't'0POV Kat KapTepov vtGV enKT€V. ' " E'Il"e£' ·01], ' ' ' ''¥at " f J e, KaTe'fJpoo~ afL "fJPOTOV etoap, •• aUTap 'f I , " ,,, , ',./.." ou tTe 'Y €7I'EtT £tTXOV XPUtT60£ tTTP0't'0£ atT7I'a£pOVTa, '.'"En oEufLaT, EPUl':E, " ...",UOVTO ' OUO DE 'Il"E£paTa 'Il"aVTa. " .,. 0 ' '. "'"fJ ,~ ~ aunKa 0 a aVaTvtTt jl-ET'1voa '¥O£ o~ 'A'Il"O",/\,wv' 130 Erl] fLot /C[8ap[~ TE cptA.l] /Cal KafL'Il"VA.a To~a, ' ' '0 'av 0PW'Il"O£U£ ' A' 'fJ~' XPl]tToo ""to~ v'1fL€pTfa OUl\.l]V. t'\n ' "fJ'fJ ' , 0 ' , to I H~ Et'TI'OOV E £ aUKEV e'll"L X OVO~ eupVOO€£l]~ 33 2 .' ." , quickly finishing all the distance she came to the home of the gods, sheer Olympus, and forthwith called Eilithyia out from the hall to the door and spoke winged words to her, telling her all as the goddesses who dwell on Olympus had bidden her. So she moved the heart of Eilithyia in her deal' breast; and they went their way, like shy wild-doves in their going. And as soon as Eilithyia the goddess of sore travail. set foot on Delos, the pains of birth seized Leto, and she longed to bring forth; so she cast her arms about a palm tree and kneeled on the soft meadow while the earth laughed for joy beneath. Then the child leaped forth to the light, and all the goddesses raised a cry. Straightway, great Phoebus, the goddesses washed you purely and cleanly with sweet ,water, and swathed you in a white garment of fine texture, new-woven, and fastened a golden band about you. Now Leta did not give Apollo, bearer of the golden blade, her breast; but Themis duly poured nectar and ambrosia with her divine hands: and Leta was glad because she had borne a strong son and an archer. But as soon as you had tasted that divine heavenly food, 0 Phoebus, you could no longer then be held by golden cords nor confined with bands, but all their ends were undone. Forthwith Phoebus Apollo spoke out among the deathless goddesses: " The lyre and the curved bow shall ever be dear to me, and I will declare to men the unfailing will of Zeus." So said Phoebus, the long-haired god who shoots afar and began to walk upon the wide-pathed earth; 333 THE HOMERIC HYMNS ' ' eap-f-Jf!OV a'0 avaTa,' D XPVurp- IlL-TO DELIAN APOLLO, 135-161 A °0' apa U'1A.o<; a7raua ~ ~ 135 [fjf!/3p£OEt, KaOopruua atD<; A'1TOV<; Tf! 'Y€ViOA1)V, 0 '" , , 0'EU 0 a, €O<; €tA-€TO OtKta ,~ 'Y1) OOUVVl/, OTt JUV V~UfJJV ~7re£pOV Te, ¢£A-1)U€ oe K1)POO, p-aA-A.OV 1.] ~ 0 ' ru<; r tI f! 'f " 0 • I')V '1U, OT€ Tf! ptOV ovpeo<; av f!U,V VA.'1<;' ' , °~, ,ap'YvpoTO.f!, , , I: avas " 1:' D'" "A 7rOA.AOV, 140 AVTO<; €KaT'1f-J0l'v ~" l ' , , K' 0 'f.)' , al'vl'vOT€ P-EV T f!7rt VV ov €f-J1)uao 7ra'7raA.Of!VTo<;, ", "\ al'v"OT€ ° ~,,,' , " ',-, J'". av v1)uov<; Tf! Kat av€pa<; 1)"aUKa .. f!<;. 7r0AA-O£ TOt V1)O£ T€ KaL /1A.u€a Of!VOp~€VTa' - "OE ' UK07r,a,' .Tf! I. ', ' ~ 7raua, 't"I'va, Kat, 7rpWOVf!<; aKpo. , 0' d, - " , .,~, - , , U.,.. 'I"WV 0P€ruv , 145 7rOTap-O' a"""Of! 7r POP€OVT€<;' aA.Aa. UV a~A.tp, 0'i/3€, p-aAtuT' €7rtT€p7rf!a, i]TOP, " LJ " ' 'I aOV€<; ' , '0 oVTa, €Vua TO' €"K€XtTruVf!<; '1'Yf!P€ , ... \ It' \ 't>' " aVTO'<; UU,V 7raw€UU' Kat atoOtl/, aA.0XO'u,v. "'..,. , T€ Kat"0pX1) 0 p-rp- Kat\ao,ol/ '.Ot• O€ Ull \. vryp.aXtl/ , , tI , . " , , ... P-V'1uap.eVOl T€p7r0.VU,V, OT av UT1)UWlJTat arywva. 150 ' " "€p-p.eva, at€l, , , at1) K a' 0 avaTov, Kat, ary1)pw<; '0' f " flO' , '1 ' '0' • 0<; TO V7raVnaUf!1 ,aT aOVf!, a poo, €t€V' 7ravTruv "lap "f!V lOO'TO Xap'v, Tepya'To oe Ovp-'ov ~ " " ~, avopa<; Tf! ryvvat"a, " T f!tUOPOOOV Kal'vl'v'''ruvov<; ,..., v1)a, T ruK€la, 1)0 aVTWV "T1)p-aTa 7r0A.A.a. 155 , ., '0 ' 0 d , l " ,,7rPO, oe TOO€ p-€rya avp-a, oov "II.eo<; OV7r0T OA.f!ITa" Kovpa, a'1A.,ao€<;, €KaT1)fjf!A.eTaO 0€pa7rva,' ... "A " ' vp-v1)uwuw, ''' at~/"'''' T E7r€' ap 7rPWTOV P-EV 7rOll.";>..OOV • N ' A ' T€ Ka,'~APTEP-'V tOXEatpav, " aVT'<; av '1TW P-V'1Uap-EVa, avopruv Tf! 7ra";>..atruv ~oe ryvva,,,ruv 160 d ., '0 0 €"ryOVU/ " .' 't'VI'v .I. -,,' av , 0PW7rOOV. ' VP-VOV aHOOVU'V, OE 1 11. 136-8 are intru8iTe, being alternative for I. 139. 'f ,." ' , . , , ,~, -, ° They are found in n and the edition of Stephanu. (in text) and in the margin of ETL (with the note .. in another copy the.e verses ,,180 are ext&nt "). In D they are added by " .econd hand. and all the goddesses were amazed at him. Then with gold all Delos [was laden, beholding the child of Zeus and Leto, for joy because the god chose her above the islands and shore to make his dwell in b0' in her: and she loved him yet more in her heart.] blossomed as does a mountain-top with woodland flowers. And you, 0 lord Apollo, god of the silver bow shooting afar, now walked on craggy Cynthus, and now kept wandering about the islands and the people in them. Many are your temples and wooded groves, and all peaks and towering bluffs of lofty mountains and rivers flowing to the sea are dear to you, Phoebus, yet in Delos do you most delight your heart; for there the long robed Ionians gather in your honour with their children and shy wives: mindful, they delight you with boxing and dancing and song, so often as they hold their gathering. A man' would say that they were deathless and unageing if he should then come upon the Ionians so met together. For he would see the graces of them all, and would be pleased in heart gazing at the men and well-girded women with their swift ships and great wealth. And there is this great wonder besides-and its renown shall never perish-, the girls of Delos, hand-maidens of the Far·shooter; for when they have praised A pallo first, and also Leto and Artemis who delights in arrows, they sing a strain telling of men and women of past days, and charm the tribes of men. Also they can imitate the 335 THE HOMERIC HYMNS IlL-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 162-187 , 0"pW7TWV ~ \ Kat\ fJ afLfJ' \ I 0.' av 't'wva~ a,,!aG'TUv " 0' " ,/.. 't" , \ fLtfL€tG' !G'aG'!v' 't'at'1 O€ KEV aUTo~ €KaG'To~ , 7TaP'TWV d rpOlryryEUO'· ol17w G'rpw KaA~ uuvap'1e6V aotO,). 'AAA.' 11/'I€O' LA.~Kot fLEV 'A7T(lA.AWV ApTlfLtOt ,W, 165 0' UfL6~~ 7TaG'a,' E/L€'io DE Kat fL€T07T{G'O€1I , O ' f ' I ' 0OVtwV ' ' 0pW7TWV ' fLv'1uau ,07T7TOT€ K€JI Tt~ €7TtX av '0'·'" /:" , ' "0'001" EV aD aV€tp'1Tat <;;€tvO~ Ta"a7T€£pto~ €" Xalp€T6 ",... I t"" "fft' , '\;' ... W 1C0upat, Tt~ 0 ufLfLtV al''1P '10tG'TO~ aotoWV • 0 ao€ '. 7TW,,€tTat, "" ', " €V Kat\ T€'t' T€P7T€G' 0€ fLa"tG'Ta; t ... ~, U/L€t~ 0 ,,'..... flU ~"a ... f 0 , ,~ , 170 7TarTat U7TOlCp£VarT at a't''1fLw~' ~" " ' " ., X'£'t' EVI • 7Tat7Ta"o€uG'Il , ' TU't'''O~ all'1P, O!KEt De " " ' 0 ' I 'f::" TOU 7TaUat /L€T07TtU €V aptrTTflUrTOUrTtl' aotoat. t""t-'fl 1)fLEt~ 0 rI ,,\f" "" U/L€T6POV K"€O~ OlrT0/LEV, OUUOV €7T a!av • 0 ' ~'O a 7T0,,6t, 6U Vat€TaWrTa~' av pW7TWV rTTPE'I'0fLEU ,\ to' , , t'" ,'. \) J " Ot 0 €7Tt 0'1 7TEtrTOVTat, €7TEi Ka! €T1)TUfLOV €rTTlV. I,. ' 175 fJ " " " It r , aUTap eywv ou, "\"1)<;W EK'1 o"ov 'A" 7To""wva f , , 't: . . '1UICOf£O~ " 'A ' U/LV€WV apryupOTO.OV, ov T€IC€ '1TW, "1"'\ , H [En: AIIOAAflNA IIT®ION] " ' lCat\ M Ilov£'1V " €paTEtv'1v , ava, lCat\ A UlCt'1V tongues of all men and their clattering speech: each would say that he himself were singing, so close to truth is their sweet song. And now may Apollo be favourable and Artemis; and farewell all you maidens. Remember me in after time whenever anyone of men on earth, a stranger who has seen and suffered much, comes here and asks of you : "Whom thinkye,girls,is the sweetest singer that comes here, and in whom do you most delight?" Then answer, each and all, with one voice: "He is a blind man, and dwells in rocky Chios: his lays are evermore supreme." As for me, I will carry your renown as far as I roam over the earth to the well" placed cities of man, and they will believe also; for indeed this thing is true. And I wiIl never cease to praise far-shooting A polIo, god of the silver bow, whom rich-haired Leto bare. TO PYTHIAN APOLLO o Xpuulou U7T6 7TA.'1ICTpOU lCavax~v ~X€t LfL€pO€UrTall. 185 "0 €V DE .\ 7TpO~ \ '0'"U/L7TOV a7TO ' \ Y 0' I W I €V ovo~, WrTT€ VO'1fL a , • A \ '." 0" €tU, L.UO~ 7TpO~ oW/La flWV /LE 0fL'1"!uptv a",,,wv. Lycia is yours and lovely Maeonia and Miletus, charming city by the sea, but over wave" girt Delos you greatly reign your own self. Leto's all-glorious son goes to rocky Pytho, playing upon his hollow lyre, clad in divine, perfumed garments; and at the touch of the golden key his lyre sings sweet. Thence, swift as thought, he speeds from earth to Olympus, to the house of Zeus, to join the gathering of the other gods: then straightway 1 ETLrr: yith fjv./tfj,,/v<w .. to chatter with the teeth, and i.e uluany taken to mean" caeto.net-playinll"; but linea imit... tion of castanet playing would hardly be worthy of mention as .. feat of skill, it 8eems more likely that the stammering or harsh dental pronunciation of foreigue .. i. to be understood. Kal MiA1)TOV lXfl~, lvaAov 7T(~AtV !/upoe(nrav, , , .. • A " \ , , • , , aVTO~ u a1J '-"1)"oto 7TfptKI\VITToto P.fy allarTG'flS. E'trTt o€ • \ 'l'0PfLt"wv ~ 'y A '1TOU~ " ,€ptICUO€O, .' UtO~ " CPOPfLtryryt ,,!Aacpupfi 7Tp6~ IIuOc:i, 7T€Tp~EUUav, ' ".' ~I /: a/L pOTa EI/LaT ex-wv TE0 UWfL€va' TO£O O€ 'l'0PfLtry. • fJ ", " 8\" 33 6 180 -, , LORD, 337 THE HOMERIC HYMNS III.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 188-215 " , ~ I aVTHca 0~"8' a aVaTOUTt ft€'i\, €t /Ctl18 apt~ /CatI aoto'l)' " I 8' d ... , Q' ,\ M ouuat ft€V afta 7rauat aft€tf-'oft€vat 07rt /Ca i\," ?1 UftV€vu{v pa 8€wv owp' aft/1poTa ~o' ILV8pamwv 190 I d , " ~ " 8 ' 8" TX'I)ft0 1" • (\ t" f/ • I , , " T I • " , " • 'X l7l"7rOtUtv' ou ft7JV pl07l"0~ 'Y €V€ et7reV. ir '' "8 ' 7JfW~ TO' ' 7rPWTOV Xp'l)UT7JptOV av PW7rOtUl S7JT€VWV /CaTa 'YataV il/1'1)~, €/CaT7J/16x' "A7roi\,Xov; 215 7re~o~, 0 0 Martin: /U'~cTTiiITW, MSS. • Martin: 6....&Ta. 11/,0.0., M: the other MSS. are still more corrupt. I Allen.Sikes: Tp.& .... , Tp ...... and TP'."&", MSS. 1 33 8 the undying gods think only of the lyre and song, and all the Muses together, voice sweetly answering voice, hymn the unending gifts the gods enjoy and the sufferings of men, all that they endure at the hands of the deathless gods, and how they live witless and helpless and cannot find healing for death or defence against old age. Meanwhile the rich-tressed Graces and cheerful Seasons dance with Harmonia and Hebe and Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, holding each other by the wrist. And among them sings one, not mean nor puny, but tall to look upon and enviable in mien, Artemis who delights in arrows, sister of Apollo. Among them sport Ares and the keen-eyed Slayer of Argus, while Apollo plays his lyre stepping high and featly and a radiance shines around him, the gleaming of his feet and close-woven vest. And they, even goldtressed Leto and wise Zeus, rejoice in their great hearts as they watch their dear son playing among the undying gods. How then shall I sing of you-thoug-h in all ways you are a worthy theme for song? Shall I sing of you as wooer and in the fields of love, how you went wooing the daughter of Azan along with god-like Ischys the son of well-horsed Elatins, or with Phorbas sprung from Triops, or with Ereutheus, or with Leucippusand the wife of Leucippus . . you on foot, he with his chariot, yet he fell not short of Triops. Or shall I sing how at the first you went about the earth seeking a place of oracle for men, 0 far-shooting Apollo? To Pieria 339 THE HOMERIC HYMNS III.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 216-246 IItEpi'1]V [tEV 7rPWTOV a7r' Ou"A'{J[t7rOLO /CaTijA8€<;' ' 8O€VTa ' , , ~"E" A E/cTOV 'I'" '1][ta 7rap€UTtX€<; '1]0 Vtrwa<; 1 ~ , II eppaLfJOU<;' a ' Taxa , ' ' l/CaV€<;, " /Cat, ota 0~" EI<; 'I aoo/\,/Cov K'1]vaiou T' f.7r'(3'1]<; vauuL/CA.EtTi)<; Euj3oi'1]<;. UTi)<; 0' €7rt A'YJAavTrp 7rED£rp' TO TOt oux &'o€ 8u[t'i> 2~0 'I: 8al v'1]ov ' T€ /Cal, a/\,O'Ea ", • ~ , TEu,aO' OEVop'1]€VTa. €v8€v 0' Ef5pt7roV ota(3a<;, €/CaT'1](30A.' "A7rOAAOV, a" av "'" Y'8 EOV, X/\,oopOV' " , 0."1: " aUTOU , " fJ'YJ<; opo<; ,a Taxa I<;;€<; a7r E<; IooV /Cal'T EU[t'YJ(IO'OV 'M u/Cal\,'1](IUOV ' '" " I\,EXE7rOL'YJV, ' I., A . ' .EOO<; . /CaTaEt[tEVOV U"'TJ' €t(Ia,/,I/Cav€<; ""'a ocrl)fJ'YJ<; 0." , I I " (.) ,.. f ... " r.:;,. It:} OU "lap 7rW 7£<; Evate fJPOTWV I€PY EVI oi:<JI)fJY, ,", apa , 7rru TOTE " "I '1]O'av . . ,aTap7rtTOt\ OUOE , • \ /cEI\.€U " 8Ot ouo ®~(3'1]<; li[t 7rED£ov 7rUP'YJOPOV, aA.A.' €?<sEV {}A.I). "Ev8€v OS 7rPOT'Poo €/CtE<;, €"aTI)j30A. "A7rOAAOV, 230 'OryX'1]O'TOV 0' i~E<;, IIoO'lo~toV aryA.aOv liA.O'o<;· " 8 a V€Oo[t'YJ<; 0' ", ' " , 7rEp EV 7rOOI\.O<; aVa7rVEEt ax 8' O[tEVO<; ",. ,I "8' €I\./Cruv ap[taTa /Car..a· xa[tat,~" 0 EAaT'YJP a'Ya 0<; 7r€P , ~'rh 8 \ f~' E/C ot,/,p0to opWV ooov EPXETat· Ot DE TEoo<; fLEV "" I 1 I 'A..' /C€tV 0XEa /cPOTEOUUt ava/cTopL'1]V a,/,L€VTE<;. ,~'" " ... , ". . . . . . { \ t ' l 235 EI oE /cEV apfLaT aryyO'w EV ar..O'€I oEvopr/EVTt, " , 1 1 ," L7r7rOU<; [tEV /CO[tEOVO'L, Ta'~" OE /Cr..LvaVTE<; EooO'W' • , , 1 8" 00'11) 1 , 8' • 0,,\.' " 00<; "lap Ta 7rpW7£U ryEVE OE ava/CTt " "'A.~' "TOTE , [tOLpa " c / , ul\.aO'(I€t. , 1 EVXOVTat, Ol,/,POV oE 8 EOU " " (' \ / \ r "Ev8€v OS 7rPOT'Pru €/Ct€<;, €/CaT'1](3oA "A 7rOAA.OV· ,~''''" , " ' 8pov, ' 'YJ,/,LO'O'OV 0 ap €7rEtTa /cIXI)O'ao /Car..r..Lp€€ K A. 240 1$<; TE AtAai'YJ8EV 7rPOX'EL /CaA.Aippoov {}Ooop. , 0 a 1 'E /Ca€pryE, ' n , 1 7ror..V7rUPryov , 1 TOV oLafJa<;, /Cat"~~/Car..€'YJv "8EV ap "" EL<; fA'r..lapTOV I , '" ' I €V a,/,L/cEO 7rOt'YJ€VTa. " 0" \ T 'A. 1 '8 · 0Xwpo<; " " B'YJ<; 0 67rt €I\.,/,OUO''YJ<;· TO t TOL aDE a7r'YJ[toov TEu~a0'8aL V'YJOV TE "at liAU€a OEVOp~€VTa' 245 ... ~, ',,\'" , ,,.. I ' .... 8" O"T'YJ<; OE [tal\, aryx aUT'YJ" /CaL [tW 7rpO<; [tU OV €flt7rE<;' 1 M"tthi... : ·A'Y.. ~ •• r. M. first you went down from Olympus and passed by sandy Lectus and Enienae and through the land of the Perrhaebi. Soon you came to Ioleus and set foot on Cenaeum in Euboea, famed for ships: you stood in the Lelantine plain, but it pleased not your heart to make a temple there and wooded groves. From there you crossed the Euripus, far-shooting Apollo, and went up the green, holy hills, going on to Mycalessus and grassy-bedded Teumessus, and so came to the wood-clad abode of Thebe; for as yet no man lived in holy Thebe, nor were there tracks or ways about Thebe's wheat-bearing plain as yet. And further still you went, 0 far-shooting Apollo, and came to Onchestus, Poseidon's bright grove: there the new-broken colt distressed with drawing the trim chariot gets spirit again, and the skilled driver spI'ings from his car and goes on his way. Then the horses for a while rattle the empty car, being rid of guidance; and if they break the chariot in the woody grove, men look after the horses, but tilt the chariot and leave it there; for this was the rite from the very first. And the drivers pray to the lord of the shrine; but the chariot falls to the lot of the god. Further yet you went, 0 far-shooting Apollo, and reached next Cephissus' sweet stream which pours forth its sweet-flowing water from Lilaea, and crossing over it, 0 worker from afar, you passed manytowered Oealea and reached grassy Haliartus. Then you went towards Telphusa: and there the pleasant place seemed fit for making a temple and wooded grove. You came very near and spoke to THE HOMERIC HYMNS o~ TeAcpovO", lv8&.oe I1I.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 247-277 cppovero 7rEpUCaAAea V1]'OII , 8 av pro7rroll 'TEv.a, XP7]O''T7]PWV, OL'TE fl-0' a'E! , 8 't"", ,,\' " (:) 011 aD a'Ytv7]O'ovO', 'TEI\/rl€O'O"a~ EKa'T0fl-!-,a~, "~ IT'" I)fl-EV oO'Ot e,,07rOVII1]O"OV 7r!€tpav €XOVO"£V ,..~ I ' ( " ., ) 250 I " 'I:" rl 1)0 OO"O! E ., I \ ., ,./.. I \ I VPW7r7]V 'TE Ka! afl-'t"pV'Ta, Ka'Ta V7]O"OV" , ,... fa"'\' t'/'" XP7]O"0fl-€VOt' 'TotO'LV O€ K E'YW V7]fl-Ep'TEa !-'OV"7]V " 8 €fl-tO''T€VOtfl-! 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K'T1JI-"a'Ta 7rOA" EV€OV'Ta. l,,\ "\ ., ., to '8 I ' \." ~" a",,,, €t 01J 'T! 71't OtO, O"V oe KP€LO"O'WV Kat ap€!WV ., '" t: €I-"e "8EV, O"€V".' . "fl-€'YtO"'TOV, , €O'O"!, ava., OE 0" 8' €vo, eO"'T! , KP!O''[I ' €V "8' €II ou"8' , , " \ II apv'I)O'oto. " 7rO!7]O'at V7rO 7r'TVX! If apfl-a'Ta 't' I .... 'I::' / Kal\a oovI)O"€'Tat ,I )/t' " OV'T€ 'TOt ("L7r7rWV 270 \Q' ooKU7rOOWV I<'TV7rO, €O"'Ta! €VDfl-I)TOV 7r€PL !-'Wfl-QV, , , (\ I 'I 'l)7rat1Jollt ' ." aAAa 'TOt oo~ 7rpoO"a'Y0tEV owpa ri."' ' . ' ri.' 'ri. av pW7rWV K",V'Ta 't'v",a' O'IJ DE 't'peva, afl-'t't'Ye- , 8 ' oe(\ " 'Y7]86J, fat' tepa ., KaAa 7reptK'T!bVWV av8pW7rwv. . . ., "E' Ka'TOV '8 275 r i . ' ... ' " " 8 ' .' 'E ' l 34 2 ,J..' "A... t ' , ... 7r€7rt € 't'peva~, o,¥pa ot alJ'T'[I her: "Telphusa, here I am minded to make a glorious temple, an oracle for men, and hither they will always bring perfect hecatombs, both those who live in rich Peloponnesus and those of Europe and all the wave-washed isles, coming to seek oracles. And I will deliver to them all counsel that cannot fail, giving answer in my rich temple." So said Phoebus Apollo, and laid out all the foundations throughout, wide and very long. But when Telphusa saw this, she was angry in heart and spoke, saying: "Lord Phoebus, worker from afar, I will speak a word of counsel to your heart, since you are minded to make here a glorious temple to be an oracle for men who will always bring hither perfect hecatombs for you; yet I will speak out, and do you lay up my words in your heart. The trampling of swift horses and the sound of mules watering at my sacred springs will always irk you, and men will like better to gaze at the well-made chariots and stamping, swift-footed horses than at your great temple and the many treasures that are within. But if you will be moved by me-for you, lord, are stronger and mightier than I, and your strength is very greatbuild at Crisa below the glades of Parnassus: there no bright chariot will clash, and there will be no noise of swift-footed horses . near your well-built altar. But so the glorious tribes ,of men will bring gifts to you as Iepaeon C' Hail-Healer'), and you will receive with delight rich sacrifices from the people dwelling round about." So said Telphusa, that she alone, and not the Far-Shooter, should have renown there; and she persuaded the FarShooter. Further yet you went, far-shooting Apollo, until 343 III.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 278-307 THE HOMERIC HYMNS i~l!~ 0' €~ ., A ' u.to~ ot OV/C ,~, a"E'Y0IITE~ , 8 \ \ , E7rL X Ollt vat€TaaU/cOIl f3~UU'[J K'I}cptutoo~ €'Y'YVO. AtP.II'1}~. Kap7raAtJLM~ 7rpOuef3'1}~ 7rp6~ OEtpaOa 8Vwv €II /CaAil 280 lll8EII rI tllEO 0~"K' €~ ptu'I}v V7rO , ICV'l}P.OV " Iapv'I}uov I ' IIt'f-'0€7JTa, A-' 'Z'Al ' , " 8€v 7rpO~ €'f-' VPOV T€Tpap.p.€VOV, aVTap V7r€p , " ,~ 7r€Tp'l} E7rtICpEfLaTat, /cOL,,'I} .', 0 .'. Q" V7rOO€OPOfL€ ",'I}uua, 'A 7rO""MII ,~~ TP'l}XEL' 285 , , 8 " . , "8 V'l}0ll 7rot'l}uau aL E7r'l}paTOV 6L7r6 T6 P.V ov' ", H8 H!: ' .... "Q Ev a ava<; TeICp.'I}paTO '¥Ot",O~ 'Ev8a06 oh " '8 ' , f'f '\ €p.p.evat av pW7rot~ XP1JUT'I}PLOII, OLTe fLOt aLEt , 8'aot""U'YW'I}UOVUL T6"'I}€UUa~ "'\, " , t:J €V €/CaTop.",a~, "~I II" ' " '7p.€V OUOL €,,07rovV'7UOII 7rLetpav €XOVUtv, 290 '0' OUOt ~ E"VpW7r'l}v Te /CaL\ ap.'f-'LpVTa~ ' A-' ' 'l}o /CaTa\v'l}aov~, , ... {'oJ"'" '0"'\' XP"7uop.evoL· TOLUW 0 ap e'YM V"7fLepTEa ",OV"'711 " 8 €P.tUT6VOtP.t ' l'" ... 7raut Xp€WII EVL 7rLOvL 11'1'1" "n~ ei7r6Jv Ote8'1}IC6 8Ep.ELAta '" 344 , you came to the town of the presumptuous Phlegyae who dwell on this earth in a lovely glade near the Cephisian lake, caring not for Zeus. And thence you went speeding swiftly to the mountain ridge, and came to Crisa beneath snowy Parnassus, a foothill turned towards the west: a cliff hangs over it from above, and a hollow, rugged glade runs under. There the lord Phoebus Apollo resolved to make his lovely temple, and thus he said: "In this place I am minded to build a glorious temple to be an oracle for men, and here they will always bring perfect hecatombs, both they who dwell in rich Peloponnesus and the men of Europe and from all the wave-washed isles, coming to question me. And I will deliver to them all counsel that cannot fail, answering them in my rich temple." When he had said this, Phoebus Apollo laid out all the foundations throughout, wide and very long; and upon these the sons of Erginus, Trophonius and Agamedes, dear to the deathless gods, laid a looting of stone. And the countless tribes of men built the whole temple of wrought stones, to be sung of for ever. But near by was a sweet flowing spring, and there with his strong bow the lord, the son of Zeus, killed the bloated, great she-dragon, a fierce monster wont to do great mischief to men upon earth, to men themselves and to their thin-shanked sheep; for she was a very bloody plague. She it was who once received from gold-throned Hera and brought up fell, cruel Typhaon to be a plague to men. Once on a time Hera bare him because she was angry with father 345 THE HOMERIC HYMNS I1I.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 308-333 ~ 1 K pOV£D1)~ '. ept/CUO€a , .' 'Y€WaT , "A81)V1)V ' ,,11£"• apa " 1)••0 ' at,/, ','. a xo/\,wuaTO ' ' " , H P7J €V "OpUrprl' 7rOTVta ~ \ /Cat, :, ' " . 310 ~O€ a'Yp0fl,€VOtut ft€T , a' 8 aVaTotUW €€t7r€ , , 8 \ " , 8' KE/cAUT€ ft€U, 7raVT€~ T€ "at 7rauat T€ €aIVal, )' " a7"tfta~€tv / 1 ' . "apx€£ V€'f'€/\,1)'Y€p€Ta rJ. "'\ ' Z€U~ ' &,~ eft 7rPWTO~, €7r€t ft' aAoxov 7rOt~UaTo /Ceov' €loulaV' /Ca~ vDv vourpw €ft€tO TE/Ce 'YAau/cW7rtv 'A8~v1)v, ~ 7r(lUtV fta/CapEUut ft€Ta7rpE7r€t &8avaTOtUtv' 315 "~"'~' I ' ' ' ' 8 " 1 aUTap 'Y 1)7r€oavo~ 'Y€'Y0V€V fl,eTa 7raul €OtU ... , , tlHrI-. ~"t:"-' I OVaV7"1)" 7rat~ efl,o~ 'f'at(]"TO~, pt/cvo~ 7rooa~, ov Te/C ,\ ,,' c:' , ... d l [aZuxo~ €ftOt /Cat ove£DO~ €V oupavrp OVTe /Ca ° aiJT~ 2] 317" ", \f,,,,, ' f7rOVTrp '. X€PUtV €/\,ouua /Cat'''{J'''' eft a/\,ov eupn P'Z'/r ,aVa " 8 u'YaT1)P ' ru.' , , l&A,Aa €'N 1)P1)o~ '>:<'e7"t~ ap'Yuf07r€~a oE~aTo /Cat fl,eTa yut /Caut'Yv~TTlut /COftt,UU€v. 320 &,~ IJrp€A' /lA,AO 8€oZut xapts€u8at fta/Cap€uut. UXETA,t€, 7rot/CtA0ftTJTa, 7"t vDv ft7JTtU€at /lAA,O; 7rW~ gTA1)~ OZO~ Te/cE€w 'YAau/cW7rtV 'A8~v1)v; , av .,.. "7"€/c0ft1)v; , ' "\ ' €ft7r1)~ " OU" e'Yw /Cat\(1) /C€/C/\'1)ft€v1) n 3ev ' a'8 avaTotUtv, I \'" , " 325 ~a p Ot.oupavov eupuv €XOUUt. I ... I I , " " 325a ¢paS€O vuv ft1) Tot 7"t /Ca/Cov ft'l)nuofl, 07rtu(]"w. " 'ftevTOt ' t ' T€xv1)uofl,at, I d , t /Cat' 'vuv €'Yw w~ /C€ 'Yev1)Ta ,. , ' 7ra£~ €fl,o~, o~ /Ce 8" eotut ft€Ta7rp€7rot a'8 avaTOtUW, OiJT€ uov aluxuvau' !€PoV AeXO~ OiJT' €ftOV aiJTTJ~' ,~, "€uv'1V , rrw/\,1)u0ftat, "'\ ' ',,\"'\' " ... OUO€ TOt €t~ a/\,/\, a7rO ueto T'I)A08' €oDua 4 8€OlUt ft€TEUUOftat &8avaTOtutv. 330 , " " a7rO " ' ' 'vou'f't ' 8 ' ' '€WV ' /Ct€ I , ... .\Sh €t7rOUU XOJofl,€v1) /C1)p. , , , €W€tT " "... , r'H P1), auTt/C '1paTo {J'" owrrt~ rroTVta X€tpt /CaTa7rp1)v€£ 0' gAaU€ X86va /Cd rpaTo ftD8ov' 1 Allen.Sikes: i1 .. ~' ifp., M. , Suggested by Allen·Sikes to fill up the lacuna. I Matthia. : ~ p', MSS. t Hermann: 1"7]J\o8eJl ObO'A, Zeus, when the Son of Cronos bare all-glorious Athena in his head. Thereupon queenly Hera was angry and spoke thus among the assembled gods: " Hear from me, all gods and goddesses, how cloudgathering Zeus begins to dishonour me wantonly, when he has made me his true-hearted wife. See now, apart from me he has given birth to bright-eyed Athena who is foremost among all the blessed gods. But my son Hephaestus whom I bare was weakly among all the blessed gods and shrivelled of foot, a shame and a disgrace to me in heaven, whom I myself took in my hands and cast out so that he fell in the great sea. But silver-shod Thetis the daughter of Nereus took and cared for him with her sisters: would that she had done other service to the blessed gods! 0 wicked one and crafty! What else will you now devise? How dared you by yourself give birth to bright-eyed Athena? Would not I have borne you a child-I, who was at least called your wife among the undying gods who hold wide heaven. Beware now lest I devise some evil thing for you hereafter: yes, now I will contrive that a son be born me to be foremost among the undying godsand that without casting shame on the holy bond of wedlock between you and me. And I will not come to your bed, but will consort with the blessed gods far off from you." When she had so spoken, she went apart from the gods, being very angry. Then straightway largeeyed queenly Hera prayed, striking the ground fiatwise with her hand, and speaking thus: MBS. 347 IlL-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 334-360 THE HOMERIC HYMNS KJKAVT€ IJDIJ f'IlV. rata OvpaIJo~ IlVPV~_;' Kat lJ7rEp8EIJ "' Til 8 ' TOt" '8 ' IJaIIlTaOIJTIl~ , TtT'lIJE~ €O'. V7rO X OIJ' "", "'/:: " 0 ' T€" ' , TapTapOIJ af''I't fL€,yaIJ._ TWIJ ES avopE~ Til 8 GOt , , , '" " aVTO' VVV fL€V VOU'f't A' I..J.to~, ' " , ~, 335 "0 aKOVUaT€ Kat DOTE 7ratoa 7raIJT€~ 0' Q' 0' , , fL'l0EV Tt fJtrlV €7rw€v€a K€tVOV' q,AA' () rye cpepT€pO~ €UTW,l (juov Kp6vov evpvo7ra Z€V~. JI '" ' , rt , apa ",wv'luau IfLaue X 8' ova X€lpt, 7raX€l'[r Ktv~8'1] 0' /lpa rata cp€peu(3w;, ~ OE loovua , • , 8 ", , "8 TEp7r€TO ov KaTa VfLOV' Ot€TO ryap T€"€€U at. , I ~", ,,\,./..'" \ €K TOVTOV 0"1 €7r€tTa T€"€U'l'0POV Et~ EVlaVTOV '" W~ 340 )/ 7rOT "" 1 \ ' 'L.J.10~ ' " ''l"V \ 8 E f''lTto€VTO~, ' OVTIl el~'eVI''lV " , " E~ 8"WKOV -7ro"voatoa",oIJ. ... ~ '0 ... ' , , OVTE 7rOT W~ TO 7rapo~ 7r€P 345 aVToo €CPESOfLEV'I] 7rVKtva~ cpptiSEUK€TO (3ovAa~' '''' ... I 'I] ~ , , " ...... ... ' , a",,,, ry EV V'I]0IUI 7rO"V"'"IUTOIUt fLEVovua "Q" °l 'IEpOllT1 ' ' ' l lP'l]' 7rOTVla aAA' ()TIl O~ f'1]V€~ T€ Kat i]f'epat €~IlT€AEVVTO 7rEptTIlAAOfL€VOV €TEO~ Kat €7r~Av80IJ 6Jpat. , TEp7rIlTO &+ '" "I ~'J! ~ , fJOW7rt~ 8€Ol~ .. " 1 "t:) '\., 350 ... 0 ET€K OVT€ EIJa"lryKtoIJ OVTIl fJPOTOIUt, OEtIJ6IJ T' apyaAeoIJ Til TvcptioIJa, 7r1]fLa (3POTOtUlIJ. ., , 0 ... (3" Q" , "ll P'l] aVTtKa TOIJOIl "a ovua fJOW7rI~ 7rOTVla ~,.. " A.. I ..., '" t" f ,~ OWK€IJ E7r€tTa 'f'cpovua KaK'P KaKOIJ' '1 0 V7rEO€KTO. • " ...... ' €PO€UK€IJ " 0 '''' \ 'f'V", ","" , 8PW' o~ KaKa 7r0"" aryaK",vTa aIJ 7rWIJ' 355 t\ ... " , rl..' l " 't o~ T11 ry aIJTtaU€I€, 'I'€PIlUK€ fLtIJ alutf'ov 'lfLap, I f l t" ',J.. '" ,., l:" 'A" ... f 7rplV ryE 01 tOV €'I"7K€ ava. EKa€p'Y0~ 7rO""WV , A 0' '0' ' 8 ' "" KapTllpov"1 OOVV'[IUlIJ €PEX OfL€IJ'l xa"E7rTlul " " ' 8 ' .... ' '" KlltTO f'E'Y au fLallJovua ICV",IIJOOf'€IJ'l KaTa XWPO/!. ' . " ' " ~ . . , ICa 8' 8€U7rIlITI'l 0 €IJ07r"l 'Y€lJIlT aU7rIlTO~' '1 DE ° iJA'lIJ I .,..v. M. Allen-Sikes: l .. 360 " Hear now, I pray, Earth and wide Heaven above, and you Titan gods who dwell beneath the earth about great Tartarus, and from whom are sprung both gods and men! Harken you now to me, one and all, and grant that I may bear a child apart from Zeus, no wit lesser than him in strength-nay, let him be as much stronger than Zeus as all-seeing Zeus than Cronos." Thus she cried and lashed the earth with her strong hand. Then the life-giving earth was moved: and when Hera saw it she was glad inheart, for she thought her prayer would be fulfilled. And thereafter she never came to the bed of wise Zeus for a full year, nor to sit in her carved chair as aforetime to plan wise counsel for him, but stayed in her temples where many pray, and delighted in her offerings, large-eyed queenly Hera. But when the months and days were fulfilled and the seasons duly came on as the earth moved round. she bare one neither like the gods nor mortal men, fell, cruel Typhaon, to be a plague to men. Straightway largeeyed queenly Hera took him and bringing one evil thing to another such, gave him to the dragoness; and she received him. And this Typhaon used to work great mischief among the famous tribes of men. Whosoever met the dragoness, the day of doom would sweep him away, until the lord Apollo, who deals death from afar, shot a strong arrow at her. Then she, rent WIth bitter pangs, lay drawing great gasps for breath and rolling about that place. An awful noise swelled up unspeakable as she writhed III.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 36r-387 THE HOMERIC HYMNS , 7rVKva '," J1-a" f) €V a \ . f) Kat €V a f)VJ1-0V cpotlJOV a7TO?TV€{Ova-'· 'EVTav f ) " ot"vvv " , ," ~, €I\MTU€TO, ,,€t7r6 DE a 0' €7r?]V~aTO ¢o'ij30') ' A?TOA.A(rJV' (3 WTIaV€LP'[J' , , \ X'ROVt\ 7rU'f) €V €7rt ovo;; uv 'Y€ I;;wovua KaKov 8fp''I}J1-a (3POTOtUlV " ,\ / "\ rI, (3 I \ .,~ 36" €U rr j, "X' apKE {'o , I'....''\. ata lu"alVa 7rU rI. l\("\ I . . ~ 'l'aT ' '" /Cat 'I},,€KTWP '" \ E7r€UX0J1-EVO~' T'I}V lCliA.ut€. \ t" ,... I , ',"\ OU , " aVTOV /. f \ , 'Y , (T7r€PU})v. I t'\ O€ , 'R ' , / a""a " O 370 I T1)V 0 auTOU /CaTE7rU(T tEpOV J1-EVO~ EMOlO, 'I: • " II f) \ ,I I' ~, • ES OU vuv U w /CtK"'I}(T/c€Tat' O. DE aVa/cTa , , I l' I .1 "f) II U'f) toV a'Y/Ca",EOU(TW E7rWVUJ1-0V, oUVE/Ca /C€t l , ....... " ' , t ' I a UTOU 7rU(T€ 7rEICWp fLEVO~ Os EO~ €AWW. 'R' K at' " TOT 'f' ap II €'YVW l' T/ ''l", €V. 'l'p€(T 'ih"'(3 I 'pOt O~ . 'A 7rOA.A.wv,· 375 ovvEd, J1-lV /cp~V1) /CaA.A.ippoO~ €~a7r(i¢'/)(T€, , \ T E"''I'0U(T'[J 'ri. I , I ',1,.'",/Cav€' (3'/)" a~, E7rt /C€XO"WfL€VO~, at 'j' a 0 ... Ii:" ,"'\," , , I \ ""f) " (TT'/) O€ fLa" a'YX aUT'I}~ Kat fLlV 7rpO~ fLU OV E€t7r€' 'ri. " ' , OU/C , ap • '"€fL€"AE~ " " f 'I: ri." EA'I'0U(T €fLOV VOOV €sa7ra'l'0u(Ta .... " ", "'\,\' ~/~ xwpOV €~OU(T €paTOV 7rpOP€€W Ka,,"tppoov uowp. 380 'f)It' \ "" '1:'\ \ " €V ao€ 1) /Cat\ ' EfLoV /c"EO~ E(T(TETat, OUOE (TOV ot'1~. 1"\ T 'R , f I " " f: Ka1" E7rt ptOV W(T€ avas f I €/Ca€p'Y0~ 'A7rO",,,WV ,"'\"'\ ' f' , "" ' ..'j''...€V DE 1:" pEE f) po. 7r€Tpat'[J~ 7rPOXUT'[J(TtV, a7rEICpU Ka~ (3wfLov 7rOt~(TaT' €V 11A.(T€£ O€voprywn, • " I , , ' • f) .' 'f a'YYl fLa",a /Cp''7v'I}~ ICa"",tppoov' €V au ava/cTI /V 7raVT€~ €7rtIC"''1(TW €"'I'ou 'f, ovv€/Ca TEA¢OV(T'I}~ i€pii~ 1 3SC. T'ri." f V Hermann: n6s, •• Ka.1I./ ••",., MRS. 385 continually this way and that amid the woon: and so she left her life, breathing it forth in blood. Then Phoebus Apollo boasted over her: "Now rot here upon the soil that feeds man I YOli at least shallHve no more to be a fell bane to men who eat the fruit of the all-nourishing earth, and who will bring hither perfect hecatombs. Against cruel death neither Typhoeus shall avail you nor ill-famed Chimera, but here shall the Earth and shining Hyperion make you rot." Thus said Phoebus, exulting over her: and darkness covered her eyes. And the holy strength of HeHos made her rot away there; wherefore the place is now called Pytho, and men call the lord Apollo by another name, Pythian; because on that spot the power of piercing HeHos made the monster rot away. Then Phoebus Apollo saw that the sweet-flowing spring had beguiled him, and he started out in anger against Telphusa; and soon coming to her, he stood close by and spoke to her: "Telphusa, you were not, after all, to keep to yourself this lovely place by deceiving my mind, and pour forth your clear flowing water: here my renown shall also be and not yours alone r .. Thus spoke the lord, far-working Apollo, and pushed over upon her a crag with a shower of rocks, hiding her streams: and he made himself an altar in a wooded grove very near the clear-flowing stream. In that place all men pray to the great one by the name Telphusian, because he humbled the stream of holy Telphusa. THE HOMERIC HYMNS ~, " r E't'pa,ETo / , ' i' ot"(3 O~ 0'1 ICaTa' O Up,OV A7rOA.AWV. " , 0' " , I OUCTTtVa~ av PW7rOV<; 0p'lELOva<; EtCTa'la'lOtTO, 390 o~ Oepa7r€1JrIOVTat IIv80Z eVt 7rETP"l€CTCTV' ,..", ( ' " " ' " I TaVT apa opp,atvwv evo'1rI e7rt Otv07rt 7rOVT'P " 80'1V' ' EV ' .°' 'avope<; '. " " v"la ECTav 7ro",ee<; Te ICat"0" erI ",0£. " " K " M ' 1/(" K p'lue; a7rO VWCTOV LVW.OV, Ot pa avaICT! ( I t 'y '" 0'Ep,'rITa<; ,epa Te pe,ovCTt ICat\a'l'lE",OVrI. '" , , ,OTT! ICEV E'7rV " 395 xpUCTaopov, 0,'(3 ou 'A7rO/\,fCWvo<; xpe{wv EIC oaCPV"l<; ryvuAwV 1J7rO Ilapv'1CToZo. , , 'J "'I: '\ ' 0'.\ p,ev e7r, 7rP'1<;tv ICa," XP'1p,aTa V'Y/'\ "p,e",a,vv 'II'vAov"lp,a , 8'oeVTa II v",o''l€v€ae; ' , T " av 8pW7rOve; ' ee; "e7r",eov' , ' , . " , "(3'A" , aVTap TO'd'. CTUV'1VTeTO 0, 0<; 7rO",,,,wv' , , •• , ' '" f ~ '.,.," " €V7rOVT'P 0 €7r0POVCT€ oEp,a<; O€A.'i'UJ' €O'ICWe; 400 V'1t 80y ICat ICe'iTo 7r€AWP p,€rya Te oe,vov Te' ... °to'" ",.1 . . ' 8 ' ' 'WrITe ' ... 1 TWV OVTte; ICaTa' 8vp,ov f7rE't'parIa V0'Y/CTa. 2 [EIC,BuAAEW 0' €8eAov oeAcp'v" 0 Of vija p,Aatvav ] 402" , " aVarICTe'rIaCTICe. , , ~" ~ ... 7raVTOCT TtVaCTCTe oe v'1ta vovpa. o~ ii' aIC€WV Evt vlItICa8~aTo iiEtp,atvovT€<;, ' . '0' ' ' 'ry' ' 07rl\. , ' ' ' ' el\.vov '' f, . , v"la " p,E",awav, f, 405 avo ICOt"'lIv aVa ... ' ' " ""r/,' , avo e",vov ",a''f'0e; vlloe; ICVaV07rpwpO£O, , 'f UAA we; Ta" 7rpWT'rITa ICaTErITlIrIaVTO (3" oeVCTtv, • E7rAeov' " , oe ~'N'OTO<; ICaT07rtCT , 8ev e7re''le " we; ICpa'7rvoe; " 8' " " "OE 7rapllp,e,'(3 OVTO M a",e,av, " v'Y/a 0'1V' 7rPWTOV 7rap iie AaICwviiia 'laZav aA'rITecpavov 7rToAtE8 pov 410 l~ov ICat XWpov Tep-o/',p,(3POTov 'HeAto£O, f " 8a Te p,rl",a "" (3 a 8'VTp,xa (3'OCTICETat a,E' ,, ev Tawapov, 'R e7l1,0,0 ," ,,~, , , ... avaICToe;, exe, ° e7r'Tep7rEa XwpOV. \\ '"'''8'''0''' ... CTxe,v . . "l0 '1:'" a7rO (3' 0. p,ev ap ev e e",ov Vlla aVTEe; ' .\.a. IT , ToTe ° I Tr.: br • ."pd..""• ••~ .. al, M. For the absolute use of brtcpp&'(w cpo Herodotus iv. 200 eliSE l~HPpa.f1Bds. lJJa'r' "0;;0'",1 expreBses the natural result of reflectiOn. • Allen-Sikes'. supplement. I 35 1 IlL-TO PYTHlAN APOLLO, 388-414 Then Phoebus Apollo pondered in his heart what men he should bring in to be his ministers in sacrifice and to serve him in rocky Pytho. And while he considered this, he becal~e ~ware of a swift ship upon the wine-like sea in which were many men and goodly, Cretans from Cnossos,1 the city of Minos, they who do sacrifice to the prince and announce his decrees, whatsoever Phoebus Apollo, bearer of the golden blade, speaks in answer from his laurel tree below the dells of Parnassus. These men were sailing in their black ship for traffic and for profit to sandy Pylos and to the men of Pylos. But Phoebus Apollo met them: in the open sea he sprang upon their swift ship, like a dolphin in shape, and lay there, a great and awesome monster, and none of them gave heed so as to understand 2; but they sought to cast the dolphin overboard. But he kept shaking the black ship every way and making the timbers quiver. So they sat silent in their craft for fear, and did not loose the sheets throughout the black, hollow ship, nor lowered the sail of their dark-prowed vessel, but as they had set it first of all with oxhide ropes, so they kept sailing on; for a rushing south wind hurried on the swift ship from behind. First they passed by Malea,and then along the Laconian coast they came to Taenarum, sea-garlanded town and country of Helios who gladdens men, where the thick-fleeced sheep of the lord Helios feed continually and occupy a gladsome country. There they wished to put their ship , Inscription. show that there was a temple of Apollo DelphiniuB (cp. 11. 495-6) at Cnossus and a Cretan month bea.ring the same name. I.e. that the dolphin was really Apollo. 353 I1I.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 415-444 THE HOMERIC HYMNS cf!pauuauf)at pirya Oavfta Kat o¢f)aAft0'iUtv l8€uf)at, 415 , , "'/'" 0 '0 " E£ f.L6V€€t J)rJo~ ry"a't'uPrJ~ Oa7T'€OOlUl 7T'€"WPOV fj Ill~ al8ft' liA.lOV 7rOAUtXf)UOl' ailTl~ OPOVU€t. ' " " ou 7T'rJ0a"WtUW 0, ' " f ) eTO v1)u~ "" a"". €7T'et €U€pryrJ~, '" ' 7T'apEK ' I T €,,07T'ovv1)uov ,f f "EyouUa a""a 7r1€lpaV ", f t' ' ... ~ \ " l: f I 'A 7T'OAAWV 'I'. rJl ooov· 7T'VOtv OE avac;; EKaEpryo~ 420 , .' "0 ' rJ• o€ 0" 7T'P1)uuouua K€"EU f) ov p1)toIW~ t uV' 'A' fl ,J.. " , p1)vrJv 'KaV€ Kal, 'A pryv't'€1)v €pa7'€lv1)v ''H'' 'A',/, ' f ,,, Kal 'CIpUOIJ, "'t'€£OLO 7T'OPOV, Kal EVK7't7'OV A"l7T'U Ka~ ITVAoV ~ftaeOEV7'a ITuAm'/EvEaS' 7" avf)paJ7rouS'. f3fi 8~ 7T'apli KpouvovS' Kat Xahl8a Kat 7rapli f, ~VftrJV ~5 ° '., 7rap"'H'· 0" ~f) t Kpa7'€OUUtIJ I 'E 7rELOI.' rJ0€ "lOa Olav, • m , , 'f:)" '" , A I " IlU7'1l '¥€paS' E7rEfJa"",€V, arya"",oft€vrJ ulOS' OUpW, , en " , . / . , . I 'If) , , " '" ' Kal U r lV U7rEK VE't'EWV aKrJ~ 7' opo~ al7T'U 7rE¢aV7'O ~OUA'}(tOV 7'€ taft1) 7'E Kat UA.j€UUa ZaKUVOoS'. aA.A.' OTIl 8~ ITIlA07rOVVrJUOV 7rap€VlUaTO 7rauav 430 I 0' , \ K ' ,/, , Kal 0rJ €7rl p£(1)~ KaT€'t'aIV€7'O KO,,7rOS' a7rElpwv, ~ . ' IT" , , EEpry€t· ,. OUTE otEK Il,,07T'OVV'1uov 7r£€tpav "f)' ~ Z',/, , "0 'A '" rJ" aVllftoS' E't'Up0S' ft€ryaS', at pLO~, €K u£o~ alU'1JS', , If:) , 'I' 'I: 'f)' ",/, , "afJp0S' €7ralryt~wv €c;; al opuS', 0't'pa TaxtU7'a " aVVU€te " f)'€OUua 0 a",auu1)S' ' ' " I~. V1)US' a"'ftupov UOwp. 435 " ... t... to-, " , , ... ","'\ ' ayOppOl 0rJ 1l7r€tTa 7rp0S' 1)W T 1)€"'WV Te " '\. t , tI " l: A \ f"A 7rOAAWV' f e7T'''IlOV' 1)ryllftOV€U€ ' avac;; U£OS' ULO~ l~ov 8' ES' Kpl(1)v Ilv8€lEA.OV, aft7r€AOeUUav, " l' A 0" "or. aTO 7T'OVT07T'OpO~ f €S' "tftev' 'I afta'0 O£UtV eXptfty VrJVS'. "Ef)" , , 0POUUIl , " t :eKa€pryo~ t, 'A 7rOAAWV, f v €K V1)OS' avac;; 440 , I ,~ I ,,, ... ~,,' '\. \ au7'€p£ eL00ftEvo~ ft€U", 'lJfta7't· 7'OU 0 a7rO 7rOA",at U7rW f) apLO€S' ue",aS' illS'" oupavov •IKIlV' '. 7T'WTWV7'O, " "." , .,~. ' . . , ' . ' I ES' aou7'OV Ka7'EoUUE ata Tpt7rOOWV €P£7'lftWV. lvf)' ap' & rye cfJAorya Sa;:. mcfJavu/COft6VOS'Tli KfiAa' f, " ° ° ° 354 ° a to shore, and land and comprehend the great marvel and see with their eyes whether the monster would remain upon the deck of the hollow ship, or spring back into the briny deep where fishes shoal. But the well-built ship would not obey the helm, but went on its way all along Peloponnesus: and the lord, far-working Apollo, guided it easily with the breath of the breeze. So the ship ran on its course and came to Arena and lovely Argyphea and Thryon, the ford of Alpheus, and well-placed Aepy and sandy Pylas and the men of Pylas; past Cruni it went and Chalcis and past Dyme and fair Elis, where the Epei rule. And at the time when she was making for Pherae, exulting in the breeze from Zeus, there appeared to them below the clouds the steep mountain of 1thaca, and Dulichium and Same and wooded Zacynthus. But when they were passed by all the coast of Peloponnesus, then, towards Crisa, that vast gulf began to heave in sight. which through all its length cuts off' the rich isle of Pelops. There came on them a strong, clear westwind by ordinance of Zeus and blew from heaven vehemently, that with all speed the ship might finish coursing over the briny water of the sea. So they began again to voyage back towards the dawn and the sun: and the lord Apollo, son of Zeus, led them on until they reached far-seen Crisa, land of vines, and into haven: there the sea-coursing ship grounded on the sands. Then, like a star at noonday, the lord, far-working Apollo, leaped from the ship: flashes of fire /lew from him thick and their brightness reached to heaven. He entered into his shrine between priceless tripods, and there made a flame to flare up bright, showing forth the splendour of his shafts, so 355 THE HOMERIC HYMNS 7f"auav oe Kp{u'}v IClLT€XEV ueAa~' at 0' IlL-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 445-473 oAoAv,av 445 Kptua{wv (1AoXOt lCaAA£I;wvo{ T€ f)v'YaTpE~ .To '(3 t \ ~,.. I \~", (3 " , '>'Ot OV U7f"O pt7f"')~' JLE'Ya 'Yap o€o~ €fI- aA €KauTrp. "f) €V 0t" aVT "", ... "~\,, l B ev E7f"t vl]a VO'}fI- W~ aATO 7rET€U at, " aVEpt ,~, 'Y,'" ,., ICpaT€prp TE, ,"'\, " ,! EtD0ILEVO~ at~'}rp TE '(3 , 7f"pW B'} 17, xatTrJ~ Et"'Vj1.EVO~ €Vp€a~ wj1.ov~· rio rio ' w€7f"€a 7f"T€pO€VTa I '. lCatI u't'ea~ 'f'wv'}ua~ 7f"pou'}voa' 'B €V 7T',,€t '"B" ''''' I: " I , I H s;€tVOt, nv€~ EUTE; 7f"O 450 , f) a; u'Ypa, ICEAEv ;/ Tl lCaTd, 7f" pij,tV .;, j1.a'''nll{w~ aAaA,}uf)€ • , ota TE , " "''}tUT'}P€~ '\ d, " , , V7f"EtP a",a, TOt T aAowvTat ""VXd,~ 7rapf)efl-Evo£, lCalCov aAAooa7f"oiut rpEpOVT€~; 455 'A'B'" $. Bov T€TL'}OTE~, ' '.' E7rt " 'Yatav " n'f' OVTw~'lu ovo , (3"' '0' lCa B'd, €IC '}T, OVOE 07f"",a " '>If) fl-E",atv'}~ V'}O~ € EU f) €; '0" " rio ' aVT'} fl-EV 'YE otIC'}. 7rE"'€£ avopwv a"''f''}UTawv, , "." , f)" , 07f"7f"OT av EIC 7rOVTOto 7rOTt X OVt V'}t j1.€AatvrJ d , N " "'f) WU£V lCafl-aTrp " aO'}KOTE~, 0'" 0' ell aVTtlCa O€ , '\ " 'rio'" rio u't'€a~ '" 460 UtTOto 'Y",VICEPOtO 7T'€pt 't'p€va~ tj1.EpO~ acpee, "n~ rpaTO lCa{ UrplV Bapuo~ €v! UT~f)€UUtV 1f(),}IC€, , lCat"aj1.€1 ( 3 'Oj1.€VO~ TOV K " "a'Y0~ " p'}TWV I ,'~ aVTtOV '}vaa' , ~ , " ) " "eOtKa~, S;HV, €7rEt OVfl-EV 'Yap TL lCaTa fV'}TOtUt .' ' . ' 't'V'}V, rio I " , ' a'f) avaTotUt I B" OU, o€j1.a~ ovae al\,I\, €OtUtv, 1:"" 465 oVAe TE lCat j1.E'Ya xaipE, Beot oe TOt iJA(3ta OO£€V, I ... , , , , , "rf,.'"'~''' lCat j1.0t TOVT a'YopEVUOV ET'}TVj1.0V, 0't'P EV EWW' I 0" T£~ O'}j1.0~; ",,\, '" n~ 'Yata; 'rI. I , nv€~ (3POTOt" €'Y'YE'YaaUtV; , ',,\ I , ... a",1\,17 'Yap 't' pOVEOVT€~ €7r€7f" ",€Ofl-EV j1.E'Ya AatT j1.a 'II"V",OV EIC ' Kp'}T'}~, ' >If) EV 'Y€VO~ I " B " EtVat' €~ €V €VX0j1.€ vuv 0' WOE 'UV v'}l lCaT~ABoj1.€V 011 TL €ICOVT€~, VOUTOV tEfl-EVOt, al\,l\,'}v OOOV, al\,,,,a IC€",€V a' "" n~ a' B ' 0"'" "(J''\ al\,l\,a avaTWV OEVP ,}'Ya'YEv OVIC E E"'OVTa~. , ., ",\ '\ ' •, ",\ '\ ',\ e 470 that their radiance filled all Crisa, and the wives and well-girded daughters of the Crisaeans raised a cry at that outburst of Phoebus; for he cast great fear upon them all. From his shrine he sprang forth again, swift as a thought, to speed again to the ship, bearing the form of a man, brisk and sturdy, in the prime of his youth, while his broad shoulders were covered with his hair: and he spoke to the Cretans, uttering winged words: "Strangers, who are you? Whence come you sailing along the paths of the sea? Are you for traffic, or do you wander at random over the sea as pirates do who put their own lives to hazard and bring mischief to men of foreign parts as they roam? Why rest you so and are afraid, and do not go ashore nor stow the gear of your black ship? For that is the custom of men who live by bread, whenever they come to land in their dark ships from the main, spent with toil: at once desire for sweet food catches them about the heart." So speaking, he put courage in their hearts, and the master of the Cretans answered him and said: "Stranger-though you are nothing like mortal men in shape or stature, but are as the deathless godshail and all happiness to you, and may the gods give you good. Now tell me truly that I may surely know it: what country is this, and what land, and what men live herein? As for us, with ·thoughts set otherwards, we were sailing over the great sea to Pylos from Crete (for from there we declare that we are sprung), but now are come on shipboard to this place by no means willingly-another way and other paths-and gladly would we return. But one of the deathless gods brought us here against our will." 357 THE HOMERIC HYMNS Tov~ a7f'ap,€LfJ6p,Evo~ 8' 7f'poO"€ I1I.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 474-5or bca€p'Yo~ 'A 7f'OAAooV' ~€'ivo£, 'Tot KvooO"ov 7f'OAVO€VOPEOV dP,¢€V€P,€O"()E 'TO\ " 1 a'Tap ,\ 7f'PW, ' "€8 'V7f'O'TP07f'OL '' OV/C ... VVV f", \ 0' 475 "J/ () av'T£~ €O"€O" € ,\ • 'T€ 7f'O"'LV epa'T'Y]v /CaL ooop,a'Ta /Ca",a €/CaO"'TO~ " rl..' 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( ) ' ()' fI " , \' " Then far-working Apollo answered them and said: "Strangers who once dwelt about woaded Cnossos but now shall return no mare each ta his loved city and fair house and dear wife; here shall you keep my rich temple that is honaured by many men. I am the son of Zeus; Apollo is my name: but you I brought here over the wide gulf of the sea, meaning you no hurt; nay, here you shall keep my rich temple that is greatly honoured among men, and you shall know the plans of the deathless gods, and by their will you shall be honoured continually for all time. And now come, make haste and do as I say. First loose the sheets and lower the sail, and then draw the swift ship up upon the land. Take out your goods and the gear of the straight ship, and make an altar upon the beach of the sea: light fire upon it and make an offering of white meal. Next, stand side by side around the altar and pray: and in as much as at the first on the hazy sea I sprang upon the swift ship in the form of a dolphin, pray to me as Apollo Delphinius; also the altar itself shall be called Delphinius and overlooking 1 for ever. Afterwards, sup beside your dark ship and pour an offering to the blessed gods who dwell on Olympus. Bnt when you have put away craving for sweet food, come with me singing the hymn Ie Paean (Hail, Healer I), until you come to the place where you shall keep my rich temple." roo " 1 Th. epithets are transferred from the god to his altar .. Overlooking" is especially an epithet of Zeus, al in Apollonius Rhodius ii. 1124. 359 THE HOMERIC HYMNS ~n~ eepaO'· ot , '0 OVTO. , , , ,. "Tna p'EV 7fPWTOV B' , , 0' tUToV ~ p,~V ICAVOV ~B' I1pa TO£' futAa E7f~ '0 III.-TO PYTHIAN APOLLO, 502-527 "., lCa Euav, Avuav De ~oE£a<;, t" 'f' '..... tUTOOOIC'{l 7f€",auav 7rPOTOVOtUW vepeVT€<;' '(j'E Ka.\ aVTOt , ,/.),. 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'0 €OV lCat " 7fWva V1]0V. , €t,€ 0' a'Ywv aOUTov ~a T" 0' " 0" \ '0 ' WV WP,VETO Uft0r; EV£ UT1] EUUt ep,AQtUt· IIapv1]uov ' , lCat" avetpaft€/lo<; , TOV K "" ' "aVTtO/l 1]iJoa' P1]TWV a'Y0<; •n ava, " E', 01] 0' 2 T1]",E "' '" '"' '. ,/"",WV Ka£\ 7faTptoo<; aY1]r; " ff .. ... ,1...',,\" 1]'Ya 'Y€<;' OVTW 7fOV T'f U'I' ,/"",OV €7fAETO I I Pierson: r}l.El\l\EP . • • 'H'Tl,u.bJOI, Hermann: ~ II.' l .... a/r, MBS. 0 Vftij!' MSS. 525 So said Apollo. And they readily harkened to him and obeyed him. First they unfastened the sheets and let down the sail and lowered the mast by the forestays upon the mast-rest. Then, landing upon the beach of the sea, they hauled up the ship from the water to dry land and fixed long stays under it. Also they made an altar upon the beach of the sea, and when they had lit a fire, made an offering of white meal, and prayed standing around the altar as Apollo had bidden them. Then they took their meal by the swift, black ship, and poured an offering to the blessed gods who dwell on Olympus. And when they had put away eraving for drink and food, they started out with the lord Apollo, the son of Zeus, to lead them, holding a lyre in his hands, and playing sweetly as he stepped high and featly. So the Cretans followed him to Pytho, marching in time as they chanted the Ie Paean after the manner of the Cretan paean-singers and of those in whose hearts the heavenly Muse has put sweet-voiced song. With tireless feet they approached the ridge and straightway came to Parnassus and the lovely place where they were to dwell honoured by many men. There Apollo brought them and showed them his most holy sanctuary and rich temple. But their spirit was stirred in their dear breasts, and the master of the Cretans asked him, saying: " Lord, since you have brought us here far from our dear ones and our fatherland,-for so it seemed THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 1-3 good to your heart,-tell us now how we shall live. That we would know of you. This land is not to be desired either for vineyards or for pastures so that we can live well thereon and also minister to men. Then Apollo, the son of Zeus, smiled upon them and said: "Foolish mortals and poor drudges are you, that you seek cares and hard toils and straits! Easily will I tell you a word and set it in your hearts. Though each one of you with knife in hand should slaughter sheep continually, yet would you always have abundant store, even all that the glorious tribes of men bring here for me. But guard you my temple and receive the tribes of men that gather to this place, and especially show mortal men my will, and do you keep righteousness in your heart. But if any shall be disobedient and pay no he!!d to my warning, or if there shall be any idle word or deed and outrage as is common among mortal men, then other men shall be your masters and with a strong hand shall make you subject for ever. All has been told you: do you keep it in your heart." And so, farewell, son of Zeus and Leto; but I will remember you and another hymn also. . IV IV EI~ 'Epp:r,v ~ ~ VP-VEt, TO HERMES EPMHN M OVCTa, ~ A w'> ' \ M ataoo,> '. vwv, " tca~ KvA.A.~v1}'> p-€MOVTa "a~ 'Aptca'i3£1}'> 7f'OA.Vp-~A.OV, - ... a' 8 ' " . aryry€"'OV avaTCIlV €ptovvtOV, ov , T€tc€ M" ala, , Allen suggetts these two line. to fill the lacuna. MUSE, sing of Hermes, the son of Zeus and Maia, lord of Cyllene and Arcadia rich in flocks, the luckbringing messenger of the immortals whom Maia bare, the rich-tressed nymph, when she was joined in 36 3 IV.-TO HERMES, 4-35 THE HOMERIC HYMNS VVf.L'f''I] eV'1I''''OICaf.L0~' A" to~ '. I ' . 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And when the purpose of great Zeus was fulfilled, and the tenth moon with her was fixed in heaven, she was delivered and a notable thing was come to pass. For then she bare a son, of many shifts, blandly cunning, a robber, a cattle driver, a bringer of dreams, a watcher by night, a thief at the gates, one who was soon to show forth wonderful deeds among the deathless gods. Born with the dawning, at mid-day he played on the lyre, and in the evening he stole the cattle of far-shooting Apollo on the fourth day of the month; for on that day queenly Maia bare him. So soon as he had leaped from his mother's heavenly womb, he lay not long waiting in his holy cradle, but he sprang up and sought the oxen of Apollo. But as he stepped over the threshold of the high-roofed cave, he found a tortoise there and gained endless delight. For it was Hermes who first made the tortoise a singer. The creature fell in his way at the courtyard gate, where it was feeding on the rich grass before the dwelling, waddling along. When he saw it, the luck-bringing son of Zeus laughed and said: "An omen of great luck for me so soon' I do not slight it. Hail, comrade of the feast, lovely in shape, sounding at the dance! With joy I meet you! Where got you that rich gaud for covering, that spangled shell-a tortoise living in the mountains? But I will take and carry you within: you shall help me and I will do you no disgrace, though first THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 36-63 "(:)" • "(:), (:)' 'TO'8'up'},/,w' ./, O£/COt fJE",'T€POV ewat, €7rE£ fJ",afJEpo/J ..:'t",,\' "\ I " " '/ "lap E7r'}"'U(H'}~ 7rO,,-U7r,}/-,O/JO~ EITITEa£ E«pa troOUIT'· ~/J o~ 8avV~' 'TO'T€ /CEV /-,aAa /CaAO/J aeloo£~. of all you must profit me. It is better to be at home; harm may come out of doors. Living, you shall be a spell against mischievous witchcraft 1; but if you die, then you shall make sweetest song." Thus speaking, he took up the tortoise in both hands and went back into the house carrying his charming toy. Then he cut off its limbs and scooped out the marrow of the mountain-tortoise with a scoop of grey iron. As a swift thought darts through the heart of a man when thronging cares haunt him, or as bright glances flash from the eye, so glorious Hermes planned both thought and deed at once. He cut stalks of reed to measure and fixed them, fastening their ends across the back and through the shell of the tortoise, and then stretched ox hide all over it by his skill. Also he put in the horns and fitted a cross-piece upon the two of them, and stretched seven strings of sheep-gut. But when be had made it he proved each string in turn with the key, as he held the lovely thing. At the touch of his hand it sounded marvellously; and, as he tried it, the god sang sweet random snatches, even as youths bandy taunts at festivals. He sang of Zeus the son of Cronos and neat-shod Maia, the converse which they had before in the comradeship of love, telling all the glorious tale of his own begetting. He celebrated, too, the handmaids of the nymph, and her bright home, and the tripods all about the house, and the abundant cauldrons. But while he was singing of all these, his heart was bent on other matters. And he took the hollow "n ~ ap 'A'''..J,. , ,,, , , rh 1I ' , 6,/,'}' /Cat X€PIT£/J a/-, a/-'rOTEPVaw aE£pM &'I{r erITw dE ow/-,a ¢ipwv epa-r€wov li8up/-,a. "8" ava7r'1pw(J"a~ ' I , .ry",v,/,avrp /" , - ITto'}pOU .' ev 7ro",£o£o alwv' €~E'TOP'}ITEV 0PEIT/c"Jo£O X€AW/J'}~. r ~'( " 1 \ ' ~ \ , , W~ 0 07r0'T W/CU vo'}/-,a" o£a IT'TEPVOto 7rEP'}ITV " • 8 af'€£a£" E7rtIT'TPW,/,WIT£ ,1.. ... 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Antigonus Cary'stius: fTUI"I/>'''' ••'' MSa. • Guttmann: .pip"" MSa. 1 2 1 Pliny notices the efficacy of the flesh of a tortoise against witchcraft. In Geoponica i. 14. 8 the living tortoise i• prescribed a. " charm to preserve vineyard. from han. 36 7 THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 64-88 0' lyre and laid it in his sacred cradle, and sprang from the sweet-smelling hall to a watch-place, pondering sheer trickery in his heart-deeds such as knavish folk pursue in the dark night-time; for he longed to taste fl esh. The Sun was going down beneath the earth towards Ocean with his horses and chariot when Hermes came hurrying to the shadowy mountains of Pieria, where the divine cattle of the blessed gods had their steads and grazed the pleasant, unmown meadows. Of these the Son of Maia, the sharp-eyed slayer of Argus then cut off from the herd fifty loud-lowing kine, and drove them straggling-wise across a sandy place, turning their hoof-prints aside. Also, he betbought him of a crafty ruse and reversed the marks of their hoofs, making the front behind and the hind before, while he himself walked the other way.! Then he wove sandals with wicker-work by the sand of the sea, wonderful things, unthought of, unimagined; for he mixed together tamarisk and myrtle-twigs, fastening together an armful of their fresh, young wood, and tied them, leaves and all securely under his feet as light sandals. That brushwood the glorious Slayer of Argus plucked in Pieria as he was preparing for his journey, making shift 2 as one making haste for a long journey. But an old man tilliug his flowering vineyard saw him as he was hurrying down the plain through rpOPfJ-t'Y'Ya 'YA-arpup1}v· t, "i',,\ \ " a",TO KaTa (IK07rt1]V f (:to " , lipa KpEtWV €paTlSOOV I I:' €UOOa€a~ '" , , I 65 €K fJ-E'YaPOtD '" ' if' , opfJ-awoov OOtWV at7rUV €V, 'f'pe(IW, ota T€ ;/.. ,.. 'f'OOT€~ ,/.., I~' " "€V " 'f'1]"'1Ta, ot€7rOU(It fJ-€"a,v'1~ VUKTO~ oopY' 'R €"'to~ " I"~ '0 I'n , ~ fJ-€V eOUVE KaTa X OVO~ HK€aVOVOE , "'o,rl , , " ' f EPfJ-,)~ " aUTOt(I'V t7T7TOt(It' Ka, apfJ-a(Itv' aVTap ap ' a'f"KavE ',/..' 0'€WV opEa " 70 II '€P'')~ (IKW€VTa, ,f/ "0 a €V fJ 0 €OOV " , fJ O€~ ' "fJPOTot av""v "'",\"EXE(IKOV fJ-aKapoov afJ- ' ,,,,,, O(IKOfJ-€va, " , M " , "€'fl-oova~ aK')pa(ItDV~, €paTewov~. I c;::. f , , 'A,/.. , , TOOV TOT€ a,aoo~ Vto~, EV(IK07TO~ P'YEt'f'0VT')~, ",,"'\., , fJ"" 7rEVT')KOVT a'YE"''fJ~ a7rETafJ-V€TO ov~ eptfl-vKoV~. 7TA-avoOla~ 0' ~MVVE Sta tafJ-aOwOEa xwpov "tXV'" a7TO(ITpe,or~ .. , ~, "'0 ' 'j' a~' Oo,,'')~ 0 OV NY) ETO Texv'1~ " avna / f,' , 7TO''1(Ia~ 07T"a~, Ta~ '~'''O Ta~ 0 07Tt EV '0 /iV' 7TP0(I 75 ' 0EV"07Tt(I 0ev, 7TPO(I I0N "" I KaTa efl-7Ta"tV aVTO~ lfJaWE. (IavoaA-a 8' aVTlKa (uttv 1 tafJ-aOOt~ aA-iY(Iw, €7Tl ",/.. , 1]0 ,~, aV01]Ta " ~ " ,,€KE, a'f'pa(IT 0'€7T 0 aVfl-aTa' ep'Ya, " 80 , , \ ~'''I(IVfJ-fJ-'(I'YOOV fl-up'Ka~ Ka, fJ-Vp(ItVo€£O€a~ O~OV~. "TOTe , (Ivva»(Ia~ ~, .. ' ' ' .......... TOOV V€O 0'fJ"€O~ a'YKa"ov V"'fJ~ 'I I ,~, t~ .... ",/.. a'fJ A-a fJ'eoo~ V7TO 7TO(I(I,V e01](IaTO (IaVOa"a KOV'f'a 'AP'Y€''f'0VT1]~ ,/.. , I '€P'') I ' O·~ "a"E'YVVOOV, ,' 2 ev OaOt7TOp'1]V ," '.... aUTot(ItV 7T€Ta"Ot(I, TaI'~ KVotfJ-0~ " erT7Ta(IE .' o,a T" ' T OV , e7TEt'Y0fl-€VO~ " ~.... I ,~" oO"tX'fJV oaov, , aVT(JTP07T1](Ia~. , 0 " '.... ~" 'Y€pmv €VO,)(I€ O€fl-WV ~, I De av OV(Iav a,,0o1]v " 0' • ~"O 'YX1](ITOV I, ' tefl-EVOV 7r€otDVO€ a' "€X€7TO'1]lJ" Postgat.: lp"jt•• , MSS. • Windisch: 6""£''''', MSS. 1 t 85 1 Hermes makes the cattle walk backwards way, 80 that they seem to be going towards the meadow instead of leaving it (cp. 1. 345); he himself walk. in the normal manner, relying on hi. sandal. as a disguise. 2 Such. Seems to be the meaning indicated by the context, though the verb is taken by Allen and Sikes to mean, .. to be like oneself," and so "to be original." THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 89-114 grassy Onchestus. So the Son of Maia began and said to him: " Old man, digging about your vines with bowed shoulders, surely you shall have much wine when all these bear fruit, if you obey me and strictly remember not to have seen what you have seen, and not to have heard what you have heard, and to keep silent when nothing of your own is harmed." When he had said this much, he hurried the strong cattle on together: through many shadowy mountains and echoing gorges and flowery plains glorious Hermes drove them. And now the divine night, his dark ally, was mostly passed, and dawn that sets folk to work was quickly coming on, while bright Selene, daughter of the lord Pallas, Megamedes' son, had just climbed her watch-post, when the strong Son of Zeus drove the wide-browed cattle of Phoebus Apollo to the river Alpheus. And they came unwearied to the high-roofed byres and the drinking-troughs that were before the noble meadow. Then, after he had well-fed the loud-bellowing cattle with fodder and dl'iven them into the byre, closepacked and chewing lotus and dewy galingal, he gathered a pile of wood and began to seek the art of fire. He chose a stout laurel branch and trimmed it with the knife . . . 1 held firmly in his hand: and the hot smoke rose up. For it was Hermes who first invented fire-sticks and fire.N ext he took many dried sticks and piled them thick and plenty in a sunken trench: and flame began to glow, spreading afar the blast of fierce-burning fire. I Kuhn points out that there is & lacuna here. In 1. 109 the borer is described, but the friction of thi. upon the fire. block (to which the phra.e .. held firmly" clearly belong.) must also have been mentioned. 37 1 IV.-TO HERMES, IIS-I37 THE HOMERIC HYMNS 120 125 130 135 1 The cows being on their sides. on the ground, Hermes bends tbeir heads back towards the,r flanks and so can reach their backbones . • 0 Miiller thinks the .. hides" were a stalactite forma· tion i~ the Ie Cave of Nestor" near Messenian Pylos,-though the cave of Herme. il near the Alpheu. (1. 139). Other. 371 And while the strength of glorious Hephaestus was beginning to kindle the fire, he dragged out two lowing, horned cows close to the fire; for great strength was with him. He threw them both panting upon their backs on the ground, and rolled them on their sides, bending their necks over,' and pierced their vital chord. Then he went on from task to task; first he cut up the rich, fatted meat, and pierced it with wooden spits, and roasted flesh and the honourable chine and the paunch full of dark blood all together. He laid them there upon the ground, and spread out the hides on a rugged rock; and so they are still there many ages afterwards, a long, long time after all this, and are continually. 2 Next glad-hearted Hermes dragged the rich meats he had prepared and put them on a smooth, flat stone, and divided them into twelve portions distributed by lot, making each portion wholly honourable. Then glorious Hermes longed for the sacrificial meat, for the sweet savour wearied him, god though he was; nevertheless his proud heart was not prevailed upon to devour the flesh, although he greatly desired. s But he put away the fat and all the flesh in the high-roofed byre, placing them high up to be a token of his youthful theft. And after that he gathered dry sticks and utterly destroyed with fire all the hoofs and all the heads. suggest that actual skins were shown as relici before some cave near Triphylian Pylas. • Gemoll explains that Hermes, having offered all the meat as sacrifice to the Twel"e Gods, remembers that he himself as one of them must be content with the savour instead .,f the substance of the sacrifice. Can it be that by eating he would have forfeited the position he claimed as one of the Twol YO Gods! 373 ;l i.1 l.1: 'i !"I THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 138-164 And when the god had duly finished all, he threw his sandals into deep-eddying Alpheus, and quenched the embers, covering the black ashes with sand, and so spent the night while Selene's soft light shone down. Then the god went straight back again at dawn to the bright crests of Cyllene, and no one met him on the long journey either of the blessed gods or mortal men, nor did any dog bark. And luck-bringing Hermes, the son of Zeus, passed edgeways through the key-hole of the hall like the autumn breeze, even as mist: straight through the cave he went and came to the rich inner chamber, walking softly, and making no noise as one might upon the floor. Then glorious Hermes went hurriedly to his cradle, wrapping his swaddling clothes about his shoulders as though he were a feeble babe, and lay playing with the covering about his knees; but at his left hand he kept close his sweet lyre. But the god did not pass unseen by the goddess his mother; but she said to him: "How now, you rogue! Whence come you back so at night-time, you that wear shamelessness as a garment? And now I surely believe the son of Leto will soon have you forth out of doors with unbreakable cords about your ribs, or you will live a rogue's life in the glens robbing by whiles. Go to, then; your father got you to be a great worry to mortal men and deathless gods." Then Hermes answered her with crafty words: "Mother, why do you seek to frighten me like a ftleble child whose heart knows few words of blame, 374 375 THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 165-193 (.J , ' , ,. ~ '<' " TapfJa"'EOV, t<:a, JL'I)TpO~ V7raWE'OO£t<:€V €V£7ra<;; , \ eyw '" aVTap T€XV'I)~ flovt<:oA.€WV 1 , €JL~ 'at €7r'fJ'I)(ToJLa£, t<:at "a 8 ' aVaTO'(TW vw£ JL€T , ,., "'I\:" " " (T~ o,al-'7r€p€~' ovo~ 't" 8€ot(Tt ,,, aowp'l)TO£ t<:at aA.£(TTot 'I::' aVTOV TUDE JL€VOVT€~ aVE,OJL€ I, (3 €"'TEPOV 165 'I) Tt~ apt(TT'I), ff 8', , ~ ",\.1 W~ (TV t<:€",€VE'<;. "8avaTOt~ I , "Y' Oap',,€lV, 'l)JLa-ra 7raVTa JL€T a 170 ,I 'rl-, I " , • , .' 7r"OV(T'OV, a't'V€tov, 7rO",V",'I)tOV, 'I) t<:aTa oWf.la ,I " , A..' ~\ " aVTp't' €V 'I)€PO€VTt aa(T(T€JL€v' aJL't" o€ TtJL'I)<;, 8 , \ t<:aotW ... T'I)<; ,~, ' , ,(.), '" 'A" €7r'fJ'I)(T0JLat, '1)<; 7rEp 7rOA",wV. 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We will not be content to remain here, as you bid, alone of all the gods unfee'd with offerings and prayers. Better t~ live in. fellowship with the deathless gods contmually, rICh, wealthy, and enjoying stores of grain, than to sit always in a gloomy cave: and, as regards honour, I too will enter upon the rite that Apollo has. If my father will not give it me, I will seek-and I am able-to be a prince of robbers. And if Leto's most glorious son shall seek me out, I think another and a greater loss will befall him. For I will go to Pytho to break into his great house, and will plunder therefrom splendid tripods, and cauldrons, and gold, and plenty of bright iron, and much apparel; and you shall see it if you will." With such words they spoke together, the son of Zeus who holds the aegis, and the lady Maia. Now Eros the early born was rising from deep-Ilowin my 377 THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 194-222 N:vav€o~' xap07TO~ O~ N:UV€~ N:aT(J7ntr&EV 17TovTo TetrtrapE~, ~UTE CPWTE~, op,OCPPOVE~' or p,~v e'A.Etcp8EV, 195 f/ ° , d ° ~ ... t-\ \ 8" , . 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These were left behind, the dogs and the bull-which is a great marvel; but the cows strayed out of the soft meadow, away from the pasture when the sun was just going down. Now tell me this, old man born long ago: have you seen one passing along behind those cows?" Then the old man answered him and said: «My son, it is hard to tell all that one's eyes see; for many wayfarers pass to and fro this way, some bent on much evil, and some on good: it is difficult to know each one. However, I was digging about my plot of vineyard all day long until the sun went down, and I thought, good sir, but I do not know for certain, that I marked a child, whoever the child was, that followed long-horned cattle-an infant who had a staff and kept walking from side to side: he was driving them backwards way, with their heads towards him." So said the old man. And when Apollo heard this report, he went yet more qUickly on his way, and presently, seeing a long-winged bird, he knew at once by that omen thai the thief was the child of Zeus the son of Cronos. So the lord Apollo, son of Zeus, hurried on to goodly Pylas seeking his shambling oxen, and he had his broad shoulders covered with a dark cloud. But when the FarShooter perceived the tracks, he cried: "Oh, oh! Truly this is a great marvel that my eyes behold' These are indeed the tracks of straighthorned oxen, but they are turned backwards towards the flowery meadow. But these others are not the footprints of man or woman or grey wolves or bears 379 IV.-TO HERMES, 223-253 THE HOMERIC HYMNS ,"" "" AVlCWV 7rO"tWV OUT ",,, ", ' OUT€ ap!CTWV OUT€ /\,EOVTWV' " n K €VTaUpOU ' ,"aUtaUX€VO~ ' ., • OUTE €/\,7r0f.La£ €Wat, 0 i5~ n~ To'ia mJi\wpa fJtfJ~ 7rOut !Cap7rai\{f.L !ULV· "(J €V 000£0, ' . " Ta, . " '" '." " , €V alVa f.LEV 0 'a£VOT€p €V (J €V 000£0. "r. , , TJh;;€V "I: " I: A' "'A'" H~ ~£7rWV ava<;; to~ u£O~ 7TO""WV' T,,' .' ' r i , ' " ' ' ', u"'V, I.,,-u"'''TJvTJ~ 0 a't'£ICav€v opo~ !CaTaetf.L€VOv 7rt!TPTJ~ €~ IC€V(Jf.LWva fJa(Jvu!C£ov, iJv(Ja T€ vVf.LcpTJ af.LfJpout'T) €').0X€VU€ AtO~ 7ra'il5a Kpovtwva~. •• , a.'"£f.Lepo€uua a£ . ' OVP€O~ " ' ( J €OlO , oaf.L'7 'T}"Ia 225 230 !Cll5vaTo, 7T0i\t-d. I5t piljt-a Tavav7Tol5a fJOUIC€TO 7TOt'])). " (aJTOT€ ' '. Q' , I '.' €V U7T€VaWV ICaT€fJ']uaTo "aLVOV ovoov I. " " " , «' /0 '.... " ' A7rO""wv. " , aVTpov €~ 'T}€Po€V €ICaT']fJO"'O~ aUTO~ ' .,. • " A ' , .. ". 235 T OV a w~ ovv €Vo']U€ to~ !Ca> lnataoO~ v£o~ ')(,wof.L€VOV 7T€pt fJovulv €IC']fJOt-OV 'A7rot-i\wva, , , €UW • '. (J' ," " , U7Tap"lav !CaT€aUV€ U']€VT' 'IUT€ 7rO"",,]V , • (J paICt'T}v ' ' 'U"'T)~ ' ." apytICa"U7TT€t, ri, " 7TP€f.LVWV av U7TOOO~ •W~ 'E Pf.L'I~ "'E ICa€P"lov / ,towV ~ , ,aV€Et"€V I "\ 1 «' , €aVTOV. , a . "o"t"lCf ,' I, ' . , T€ 7roaa~ '. €V Uuv€"auu€ !Cap'T} X€tpa~ T€, 240 ri, I , " , , ' ' ' . 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I5E CPOtvt!CO€VTa ICatlip"lvcpa eZf.LaTa vVf.LCP']~, 250 '" ll'" , , \ ~I ,\ J! o£a !l€WV f.La!Capwv £€po> aOf.Lot E))TO~ EXOVU£V' • (J" E7r€£"t: ' \ f.LE"Ia/\,oto 1,,\ ~ I €V Es€p€€tve f.Luxov~ aof.Low A'T}TOt?5']~, f.L680£u£ 7TpOU'1UOa ICuOtf.LOV 'Epf.L''jv· 1 Lohsee; a.i\IEIVEY.I 1188. or lions, nor do I think they are the tracks of a rough-maned Centaur-whoever it be that with swift feet makes such monstrous footprints; wonderful are the tracks on this side of the way, but yet more wonderful are those on that." When he had so said, the lord Apollo, the Son of Zeus hastened on and came to the forest-clad mountain of Cyllene and the deep-shadowed cave in the rock where the divine nymph brought forth the child of Zeus who is the son of Cronos. A sweet odour spread over the lovely hill, and many thinshanked sheep were grazing on the grass. Then far-shooting Apollo himself stepped down in haste over the stone threshold into the dusky cave. Now when the Son of Zeus and Maia saw Apollo in a rage about his cattle, he snuggled down in his fragrant swaddling-clothes; and as wood-ash covers over the deep embers of tree-stumps, so Hermes cuddled himself up when he saw the Far-Shooter. He squeezed head and hands and feet together in a small space, like a new born child seeking sweet sleep, though in truth he was wide awake, and he kept his lyre under his armpit. But the Son of Leto was aware and failed not to perceive the beautiful mountain-nymph and her dear son, albeit a little child and swathed so craftily. He peered in every corner of the great dwelling and, taking a bright key, he opened three closets full of nectar and lovely ambrosia. And much gold and silver was stored in them, and many garments of the nymph, some purple and some silvery white, such as are kept in the sacred houses of the blessed gods. Then, after the Son of Leta had searched out the recesses of the great house, he spake to glorious Hermes: THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 254- 2 79 fJ" on "O~ .EV ', ' , , l u 7Tal, "II(V,!, l(aTal(€lal, P/'/VV" P.Ol ov~ " " , "~ I 0" " 1(0tTP.Oll. "" n<5 8atTtTov' E7T€1 Taxa VWI otoltTOP.E OU l(aTa r ' .. '~ I "\ 10 \ , pI'/' W 'Yap tTE "af-JWII e~ , 1'.'..1. E~ ~0't'0ll ',1..' E~ 't'ao~ , I I \' I , Ii:'" I alllop.opOII 1(0.1 ap.1)xalloll· OUoE tTE p.1)T1)P 't" " ",-I ''\.''\'~'' oVoe 7TaT1/p alla"VtTETat, all." U7TO 'Yal'[l EPP1)tTEI~ ' T Oil " T'apTapov 1)EpOEIITa, , ',,\ ' , ~ , I f ' O"I'Y0ttTl P.€T allopatTtII 1)'YeP.OVEVWII. " 'P.V 0 OltTtll ap.etf-J€TO ' 't:! 0~"Epp.'YJ~ ,I ~ I(EpOa"EOItTt· 260 H A 'YJTO t01/, TWa TOUTOII a7T1)IIEa P.V"8 ov eEt7Ta~; , (.}..., ',,\ t'1".' , 0 It-' I I(at f-JOV~ a'Ypau"ou~ ol~'YJp.evo~ ev ao Il(aVel~; '~ I " , I I" 'H~ 8 , I , "8 H, , H OVI( £OOV, OU 7TU OP.'YJV, OUI( a""ou P.U ov al(outTa' ttl I ,,'" I " OUI( av f"'lVUtTatp., OUI( av P.1)VUTpOV apolp.'YJv· '~'fJ" "A. ' EOll(a. H ouoe owv e"aT'YJpI, I(paTal,!, ,/,WTt, "" , " H " OUI( ep.ov ep'Yov TOUTO, ., " , 7rapo~ 1",\ \1" ~I _" 265 " oe P.01 a""a p.ep.1)"ev· , ',,\ , ep.ot 'YE p.ep.'YJ"€ I(at 1)p.eTEP"7~ 'Ya"a P.1)TpO~ , " , A.' H H \ 0 ~ , , tT7Tap'YaVa T apy WP.OltTIV EXEW I(at epp.a "oeTpa. p.~ Tt~ TOVTO 7T1J80tTO, 7To8EV Tooe ve;;l(o~ hvX01)' n p.E'Ya I 8" ' , I(at, I(EV 01) aup.a P.€T"a 8 aVaTOltTI 'YEVOITO, 270 7Ta'ioa veov 'Y€'YaooTa St€1( 7Tp08vp010 7rEpi]tTat "'1'" , to' , l' I OUtTtV E7T a'Ypau/\,oltTt' TO 0 a7Tpe7TEW~ a'YopEUEI~. ' I " ,~, I~ " ~'. X8E~ 'YEVOp.'YJV, a7Ta"OI oE 7TOO€~, TP1)XEla 0 U7TO X8wv. . U7TVO~ fJ EI'~"8" 0 E €"Et~, , " op.oup.al· 'A . ... ' , . I(E't'a"1/V p.E'YaV OPI(Oll 7raTpO~ \'" ""1"1 "., p.1) P.EV E'YW P.1)T aUTO~ U7rltTX0P.al alTto~ ElVa I, 275 f' ~ " " P.1)TE TW aXXov 07TW7ra OWV I(,,07TOV Uf-LETEpawv, 1"/ I" t:I' " ,~\ "\., .. , , at TtIIE~ 0.1 f-JOE~ EltTL' TO OE I(,,€O~ OIOV al(ouw. "'n "'''..1. \ \" {:J'\. ,I.. I , ~.~ ap E't''YJ 1(0.1 7TUI(VOV a7To f-J"E't'apWII aJ1aI PUtTtTWV ' . 1 .""" • I H 8 \H0 0't'PU~ pt7TTa~EtTI(EV 0pWf-LEVO~ EV a I(at Eva, fJ""'\' , I Schneid.win: 1',.,.', MSS. , "Child, lying in the cradle, make haste and tell me of my cattle, or we two will soon fall out angrily. For I will take and cast you into dusky Tartarus and awful hopeless darkness, and neither your mother nor your father shall free you or bring you up again to the light, but you will wander under the earth and be the leader amongst little folk." 1 Then Hermes answered him with crafty words: " Son of Leta, what harsh words are these you have spoken? And is it cattle of the field you are come here to seek? I have not seen them: I have not heard of them: no one has told me of them. I cannot give news of them, nor win the reward for news. Am I like a cattle-lifter, a stalwart person? This is no task for me: rather I care for other things: I care for sleep, and milk of my mother's breast, and wrappings round my shoulders, and warm baths. Let no one hear the cause of this dispute; for this would be a great marvel indeed among the deathless gods, that a child newly born should pass in through the forepart of the house with cattle of the field: herein you speak extravagf!ntIy. I was born yesterday, and my feet are soft and the ground beneath is rough; nevertheless, if you will have it so, I will swear a great oath by my father's head and vow that neither am I guilty myself, neither have I seen any other who stole your cows-whatever cows may be; for I know them only by hearsay." . So, then, said Hermes, shooting quick glances from his eyes: and he kept raising his brows and looking I Hermes is ambitious (I. 175), but if he is cast into Hades he will have to be content with the leadership of mere babies like himself, since those in Hades retain the state of growth-whether childhood or manhood-in which they are at the moment of leaving the upper world. 38 3 THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV,-TO HERMES, 280-304 , " I Y: ff"\, \ ' , f.1,alCp a7TO(TVp'.,ruv, a",wv TOV fW"'0 ov alCovruv. ' T OV to' 0 f "\ ' a7Ta",OV "'\ ~ 'rJ.. 7TPOU€y7J ' 'Yf!.",aUa~ 280 I €lCa€p'Y0~ 'A7ToXXruV' . " , I W 7T€7TOV, 7J7T€p07T€VTa, " " 7TO/\'",alCt~ ~ "\ '"" ~ ,.... ,,,\," 1] U€ fLa/\, Otti) • , €V Val€TaOVTa~ OO"'OypaO€~, " 0oOfLov~ ' aVTtTOpOVVTa gvvvxov oux eVa fLOVVOV f7T' O{)O€£ cpWTa lCaOtuUat, 'I' .., UICEVa.,OVTa KaT,OtlCOV aT€p .,.'A'f OyOV, Ot.' • , a'Y0p€VEt~' 285 , , ' 0wypav",ov~ "', " '(:3" 7TO/\'",OV~ 0 alCaX7IuEt~ fL7J"'o oT7Jpa~ (:3 I , .... ,.., '"," OVPEO~ €V 7JuuV~, 07TOT aV ICpEtruV €pan.,ruv , • (:3 OVICO",LOtUt "I.' , " aVTq~ lCat" Etp07ToICOt~ Ot€CT(TW. y ~, • ,""\ ,,\' )! 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"I' 0' 7T p07TapOt , 0E lCat" €(T(TVfl€VO~ " '0 e.,ETO DE 7TEp ooOtO 'E" I ''''0'' PfL''1V ICEPTOfL€ruv lCat, fLtV 7TpO~ flV OV EEt7TE' 300 @apuE£, u7Tap'YavtWTa, f).tii~ lCal MautDo~ vi€' f' I " (:3"" A-O lfLa lCap7Iva ' eup7Juru lCal, E7TEt7:a oruv l'f' I ,.. ,~, "0' f to-' ~ , TOVTOt~ otruvo£ut' (TV 0 av ooov 7J'YEfLoVwU€te;. ~n ." aVOpOVUf!. , " " K"\" u~ Aya'0' • 0• 0o· aVT "owe; Uf\,""'}VtOe; 'EDflfjr;, this way and that, whistling long and listening to Apollo's story as to an idle tale. But far-working Apollo laughed softly and said to him: "0 rogue, deceiver, crafty in heart, you talk so innocently that I most surely believe that you have broken into many a well-built house and stripped more than one poor wretch bare this night,I gathering his goods together all over the house without noise. You will plague many a lonely herdsman in mountain glades, when you come on herds and thick-fleeced sheep, and have a hankering after flesh. But come now, if you would not sleep your last and latest sleep, get out of your cradle, you comrade of dark night. Surely hereafter this shall he your title amongst the deathless gods, to be called the prince of robbers continually." So said Phoebus Apollo, and took the child and began to carry him. But at that moment the strong Slayer of Arglls had his plan, and, while Apollo held him in his hands, sent forth an omen, a hard-worked helly-serf, a rude messenger, and sneezed' directly after. And when Apollo heard it, he dropped glorious Hermes out of his hands on the ground: then sitting down hefore him, though he was eager to go on his way, he spoke mockingly to Hermes: "Fear not, little swaddling haby, son of Zeus and Maia. I shall find the strong cattle presently by these omens, and you shall lead the way." When Apollo had so said, Cyllenian Hermes 1 Literally, "you have made him sit on the floor," i.e. x you have stolen everything down to hiB last chair." IV.-TO HERMES, 305-33t THE HOMERIC HYMNS to ... , , , "0 ,,, ",I..~' 305 tJ7rOV0'[l UllV' afL'!'''' oe 7rap OVaTa XEprrw ew E£ , , rf...' " '..... I ,,~\ "0 rr7rap'Yavov afL'!' lJJfLotrrtv EE!l.fLEVOr;, Et7rE oE fLv OV· II1] fLE ¢Jp6tr;, 'EI(liep'YE, OEWV ~afLEvJrrTaTE 7TlfVTWVi •"l fLe fJ'" rl , ... ~ ... ' ',,\ ' owv EVEX woe Xo"ovfLEvor; 0prrO,,-07rEVEtr;; .. ' ',\ fJ"'" " W 7r07rOt, Et"0" a7rO!l.OtTO OWV 'YEVOr;' OV" 'Yap e'Yw 'Ye r I ",,\ .. ,,. fJ'oar; OVo 't" ", .... " ufLeTepar; Ete"E",a a""ov O7rW7ra, 310 " • fJ' " \ ~\ ,,\' ., , I atTtver; a£ oer; Etrrt· TO De te"eOr; OWV UteOVI'll • oor; • ' oe .'.' Otte'YJV teat, OE.O • 'I: 7rapa' Z 'YJVt ' KPOVtI'llV£. ' ' , E7J"E£ , , Ta,,,EtearrTa OlapP"lO"lv • '. EptoaWOV ,'. A VTap 'EpfL1]r; T' OlO7rOAOr; teal A"lTOih u'YAaar; vLor;, , .I.' 0 ' • .fLEV , V"lfLEpna , .I. ' 315 afL'!'t<; VfLOV EXOVTEr;. ,/,I'llV"lV • • ° • * oute Jilltel'llr; €7J"t fJovdv EAtL~VTO teviltfLOv 'EpfL1]v, "At I \r,' ,,' aVTap TeXV'[lrrtv T6 teat atfLv"totrr£ "0'Y0trrtv 1/06AEV €fa7J"aTilv KVAA~vwr; 'AP'YVpOTOfov. "" , " 7J"o"ufL"lxavov " aVTap E7ret , 7ro"ufL'YJTtr; EWV EVPEV, 320 elTrrVfL~VI'llr; il ~7J"E£Ta ilta 1{rafLaOow fJailt~e 7rfOrrOEV, uTilp teaTd7rtrrOe Atar; teal A'YJTovr; vLO<;. at1{ra ilE T~POpOV '{teOVTO Ouooil60r; OUAVfL7rOtD er; 7raT~/Ja Kpovt",va Atar; 7rEptteaAAla TJteVa' ( afL'!'oTEpOtrrt , '" f .' , ' ... teEt"0 t 'Yap otte'YJ<; teaTEICEtTO Ta"aVTa. oUfLtAt'YJ 1 il' ~1-,' ·OAUfL7rOV U'YtLvvu/JOV, uOdvaTOt ilE 325 /1¢OtTOt ~'YEPEOOVTO fL6Ta xpurroOpovov 'Hw. 2 HE rrT'YJrrav 0.' 'E" ' I : ' A 7J"O",,,,,,,jI '... , PfL"l<; Te teat" ap'YvpOTo.or; , 0E ,""to<; A' , • 0 .'" '" ' . " 7rporr 'Y0UVI'llV' aVEtpETO '!'atotfLov UtOV ' :~,.tf pefLeT'YJ<; J' '" ZEUr; teat, fLtV 7rpor; fLU0 OV ' €Et7rE' ~ "t:1 '0' , , 'N.... , 'VOt,..,E, 7r0 6V TaUT'YJV fLevoEtteea "'YJto E",aVVetr;, 330 "'ro' ..."., \ ' " 7TatOa veov 'YE'YaI'llTa, ,/,v"lv te'YJpVteor; exovTa; rr7l'0vila'iov ToilE xp1]fLa Oerov fLEO' OfL~'YVPtV ~AOE. ° . n v'" ° 1 Allen'. (Oxf. Text) suggestion: .bP.I/>.{'/f, M: Ebp.ull./'/f, other MSS. • E and L (in margin): wnl "'T~X"s Obll.~P.".I., other MSS. 386 sprang up quickly, starting in haste. With both hands he pushed up to his ears the covering that he had wrapped about his shoulders, and said: " Where are you carrying me, Far-Worker, hastiest of all the gods? Is it because of your cattle that you are so angry and harass me? 0 dear, would that all the sort of oxen might perish; for it is not I who stole your cows, nor did I see another steal them-whatever cows may be, and of that I have only heard report. Nay, give right and take it before Zeus, the Son of Cronos." So Hermes the shepherd and Leto's glorious son kept stubbornly disputing each article of their quarrel: Apollo, speaking truly not unfairly sought to seize glorious Hermes because of the cows; but he, the Cyllenian, tried to deceive the God of the Silver Bow with tricks and cunning words. But when, though he had many wiles, he found the other had as many shifts, he began to walk across the sand, himself in front, while the Son of Zeus and Leto came behind. Soon they came, these lovely children of Zeus, to the top of fragrant Olympus, to their father, the Son of Cronos; for there were the scales of judgement set for them both. There was an assembly on snowy Olympus, and the immol'tals who perish not were gathering after the hour of gold-throned Dawn. Then Hermes and Apollo of the Silver Bow stood at the knees of Zeus: and Zeus who thunders on high spoke to his glorious son and asked him: "Phoebus, whence come you driving this great spoil, a child new born that has the look of a herald? This is a weighty matter that is come before the council of the gods." i!' Ii I' IV.-TO HERMES, 333-362 THE HOMERIC HYMNS ' 0~, aVTIi • 7rP0G"€Iit7rIiV , ~ 1:"€lCaEp'Y0~ 'A'~ ~ T ov ava. 7rOI\.I\.WV· " 7raT€p, , ' I ", t·.W 'I}'" Taxa fkV. . 0OV alCovG"€at OVIC a",a7raoVOV, '",1..",\""\'" It.,. ICEPTOfk€WV W~ OtO~ €'YW ",tI\.OI\.'I}W~ litfkt. 7ratea TtV' IiVPOV TOVe€ Ota7rpvG"tOV 335 IClipa'iG"T~v ~~, ' "0PEG"G"t, 7rOI\.VV ~, .. ' xwpov " " K VI\.I\.'lV'I}~ €V Dta avvCTCTa~, , . ' , 0" , ,,~~ ~ IC€PTOfkOV, OtOV €'YW "Iii €WV OVIC al\.l\.ov o7r(Jl7ra , f, "\. ' (.J "", , ,~, ~.... ovo avopwv, 07r0G"Ot 1\.'I}G"tfk!-'POTOt EtG" €7rt 'YatV' ~ 1.1. ~" ~ " "Q"" ,,~, IC f\.t 'I' a~ 0 €IC I\.€tfkwvo~ €fka~ !-'OV~ ({'XET €l\.aVvmv 340 €CT7repto~ 7rapa B'iva 7rOA.VCPA.O[CT(30W OaA.&CTCT'I}~, , 0~, ap " , txvta " ." 7r€l\.wpa, ,~ €V'0'V II'~ V",OVo"'''' €/\,awv' Ta oota . ''T" , 0at, lCat" a'Yavov""' " ota a'YaG"CTaCT oatfkoVo~ €P'Ya. 'TVCTtV fk€V 'Yan (3oVCTtV €~ aCTcpoe€A.Ov A.€lfkwVa , , (..)' 4" " 'A.. ,"\. avna !-''lfka'T €YOVCTa 1C0Vl~ aV€",alV€ fk€l\.alva· 345 , \ to" , 'J''!::',.. l' l " , -" \ av'To~ 0 €IC'TO~ OOOV, n~ afk'l}xavo~, OVT apa 7rOCTCTLV " , " , "Q .. , .1. '. xwpov' " ov'!' apa XlipCTlV €!-,alV€ ola 'I' afka 0WO€a aA.A.' 11A.A.'I}v nva fkiJTtV ~Xwv OdTpt(3€ ICEA.€VOa ... ' .... If" , .... ~ 'f.J' 'Tota 7r€I\.Wp w~ lit 'Tt~ afatVCTt OpVCTt !-'aLVOt. 8cppa fk~V ovv €UWIC€ ola +afkaOwo€a xwpOV, , ... ,,'" , t-I " plita fkal\. txvta 7raVTa Ol€7rP€7r€V €V ICOVlTJCTlV' 350 €. , , €7r€t , '.1. '0 ' 'Q'I:' aV'Tap 'I' afka ow fk"'Yav CT'TL!-'OV €7r€P'lCTEV, ".k ,'. Q" 'Q ,~, , , " a'f'paG"'To~ 'Y€V€'T wlCa !-'OWV CTn!-'o<; 'lO€ lCaL aVTOV ... , '" to' 'A..' xwpov ava ICpa'T€pov' 'TOV 0 €",paCTaTo pO'TO~ av'l}p ,€~ II'~ '0 \ '," Q" , , , VI\.OV €V V~ €",WV'Ta !-'owv 'Y€VO~ €Vpv!'€'TW7rwv. 355 f:J , , ' \.' , , " , \ , , 'I: aVTap €7r€t 0'1} 'Ta~ fk€V €V 'l}CTVYLV lCaT€€p.€ , .. ~ , ,~ " ~. , ., 0 '.' " 0 lCat ota7rvp7ral\.afk'l}CT€V ooOV 'TO fk€V €V a, 'TO 0 €V a, ,EV I\.LICVrp ICU'T€IC€L'TO fk€l\.alVV ~, iJVICTt €OtICW~, )f " , , y',I.. ,~, , , (W'Tprp €V 'l€po€vn lCaTa ."O",OV· OVoE IC€V aVTOV , " ", alli'TO~ o~iJ A.aWV €CTlCe+a'TO' 7r0A.A.d, O€ X€PCTtV av'Yd,~ w!,6p'Ya/;,1i OOA.OCPPOCTVV'I}V aA.e"fVvwv. , , ('I' au'TO~ 0 J' .. 0 ' "\ , '" aV'TLlCa!'v OV a7r'1/I\.€'Y€w<; a'Y0p€VIiV' ITr&nlll.tor: .'TO. U' lK'r4., MBS. 360 Then the lord, far-working Apollo, answered him: "0 my father, you shall soon hear no trifling tale though you reproach me that I alone am fond of spoil. Here is a child, a burgling robber, whom I found after a long journey in the hills of Cyllene: for my part I have never seen one so pert either among the gods or all men that catch folk unawares throughout the world. He stole away my cows from their meadow and drove them off in the evening along the shore of the loud-roaring sea, making straight for Pylos. There were double tracks, and wonderful they were, such as one might marvel at, the doing of a clever sprite; for as for the cows, the dark dust kept and showed their footprints leading towards the flowery meadow; but he himself.-bewildering creature-crossed the sandy ground outside the path, not on his feet nor yet on his hands; but, furnished with some other means he trudged his way-wonder of wonders I-as though one walked on slender oak-trees. Now while he followed the cattle across sandy ground, all the tracks showed quite clearly in the dust; but when he had finished the long way across the. sand, presently the cows' track and his own could not be traced over the hard ground. But a mortal man noticed him as· he drove the wide-browed kine straight towards Pylos. And as soon as he had shut them up quietly, and had· gone home by crafty turns and twists, he Jay down in his cradle in the gloom of a dim cave, as still as dark night, so that not even an eagle keenly gazing would have spied him. Much he rubbed his eyes with his hands as he prepared falsehood, and himself straight way said roundly: 'I have not seen them: I have not 38 9 h, THE HOMERIC HYMNS ,-.. ' , -a",,,,ov ,, oUle tOOV, OV• '1rV 0op:r}V. ov" P.V" 0 OV a"ovITa '1:." "J!:." t!.' , .. ovoe ",. p.'I'}VVITatp., ovo aV P.TJVVTPOV apotp.TJv. 'H TOt ap " , w~ iI. " , " '.,,,.., m "8 O~ et'1rWV "aT ap e~"To ""Ot •A'1rOAAWV' 365 " 0~, av'0'"€TepW 0ev ap.etfJop.evo~ '(:) ~ "~l €?TO~ 'l'}uoa, E pp.'I'}~ , 'I: ~., K pOVtwva. ' 0ewv " IT'I'}p.aVTopa , , /let,aTo 0 e~ ?TaVTWV' ' " ITot a"'TJ " 0 et'l'}v ' "aTa",€S;w' , 'I: Z ev"?TaTep. TJ• Tot e'Yw , " \ , . ~ ".' ~ 0 V'l/p.epT'I'}~ Te 'Yap etp.t "at OU/C owa 'I' evoelT at. "0 ev €~ , .TJp.eT€pOV , ~ ~, " ' ~ (:)" 370 '7'" ot~TJp.€vo<; et"'t?Tooa~ fJOV<; , ' , ' l ' " ' ITT}/.Lepov TJ€"'WW V€OV e?TtTe",,,,op.€vow· '~\O" , ", ,~" ouoe ewv p.a"apwv a'Ye p.apTvpa<; ouoe "aTO?TTa<;, I t"""\. ' I~' "'\, ... p.'l/vvetV 0 eK€",eVeV ava'Y"atTJ~ V?TO ?TO"'''''I'}~. ,,'~"", (:)'·'T' " ?TO",,,,a oe P. TJ?Tet"''l/ue fJa",etV €<; apTapov €UPVV, " •• \ , ~ 0 ~ A,' ~'"(:) 375 OUV~ p.ev Tepev av 0<; exft ",t"O"uo€O<; 'l'}fJ'I/~, , , \ O~' ' , ~, ,.~ \ , ' aVT p €'Yw X t~O~ 'Yevop.'l/V, Ta oe T owe /Ca. aVTO~, " t:}.. ,"\.,.. "',1.. " , oun fJOWV e",aT'I'}pt, "paTa,,!, ",wn, €ot"w~. '0 \ \ , . \ A,'. " • ?Tet eo' "at 'Yap ep.eta ?TaTTJP ",t",o<; evxeat ewat, f , "t""-,. t:1' iI. ""'\Q " w~ ov" Ot"ao e",aITITa fJoa~. fil<; o"'fJtO~ et'l'}V, ,~, 't""Q 1;:'1 l ' , aVo V?T€P OUOOV efJ'l/v' TO' oe T" aTp€"€W~ a'Y0pevw. 380 'H'€Atav oe """'~, '" , ~,. p.aA aw€op.at "a.\ oatp.ova~ a",,,,ov~, , ..I. "\ .... , ... ""," ., 0 \,' Kat ITe ",t"'W "at TOVTOV o7Tt"op.at· otIT a "at aVTo<;, f' "" , too""" 2ff w<; OV" atTW~ €lp." P.€'Yav 0 e?Ttowuop.at op"ov' It-' ' 0 ' " ov, p.a, Tao a avaTWV eu"oup.'I'}Ta 7TPO 0'vpata. ' \ " ,,\' A.' "at, ?TOV 8€'YW TOVTW nITw ?TOT€\ vTJ",ea ",wP'l/v, 385 \ " ,I \ ~. ' , ' " "at "paTeprp 7Tep eovn' uv 0 O?T",OT€pOtcnv apTJ'Ye. '\n~ cpciT' €?TtAAl~wv KVAA~VW~ 'AP'Y€tCPOVT'I/~' , ., "',' '~"'t:)"\"\ Kat" TO IT?TaP'Yavo1J e,x€v e?T w",e1JV ovo a?T€fJa",,,,e. Zev~ oe p.['Y' ege'Y[AauITev lo6,v Ka"op.TJo[a 7Ta'iOa ° t, 1 Most MSS.: &1.1.0. I";;OOV Iv &OavdToI"I' ImrEv (0< told another story among the immortals "), E· and L (in margin). 51 Barnes: i1rL3f6op.C1.', M: ~7nl,,'op.a.l, other MSS. I Hermann: 'ft'o.,.', MSS. 390 IV.-TO HERMES, 363-389 heard of them: no man has told me ot them. I could not tell you of them, nor win the reward of telling: " When he had so spoken, Phoebus Apollo sat down . But Hermes on his part answered and said, pointing at the Son of Cronos, the lord of all the gods: "Zeus, my father, indeed I will speak truth to you; for I am truthful and I cannot tell a lie. He came to our house to-day looking for his shambling cows, as the sun was newly rising. He brought no witnesses with him nor any of the blessed gods who had seen the theft, but with great violence ordered me to confess, threatening much to throw me into wide Tartarus. For he has the rich bloom of glorious youth, while I was born but yesterday-as he too knows -, nor am I like a cattle-lifter, a sturdy fellow. Believe my tale (for you claim to be my own father), that I did not drive his cows, to my house-so may I prosper -nor crossed the threshold: this I say truly. I reverence Helios greatly and the other gods, and you I love and him I dread. You yourself know that I am not guilty; and I will swear a great oath upon it :-No ! by these rich-decked porticoes of the gods. And some day I will punish him, strong as he is, for this pitiless inquisition; but now do you help tllr. younger. .. So spake the Cyllenian, the Slayer of Argus, while he kept shooting sidelong glances and kept his swaddling-clothes upon his arm, and did not cast them away. But Zeus laughed out loud to see his 39 1 THE HOMERIC HYMNS I Fick: 1iX' ob and ~x' .~, MSS: gxou, M. • Allen. I Hymn to Dionysns, 13. IV.-TO HERMES, 390-4I5 evil-plotting child well and cunningly denying guilt about the cattle. And he bade them both to be of one mind and search for the cattle, and guiding Hermes to lead the way and, without mischievousuess of heart, to show the place where now he had hidden the strong cattle. Then the Son of Cronos bowed his head: and goodly Hermes obeyed him; for the will of Zeus who holds the aegis easily prevailed with him. Then the two all-glorious children of Zeus hastened both to sandy Pylos, and reached the ford of Alpheus, and came to the fields and the high-roofed byre where the beasts were cherished at night-time. Now while Hermes went to the cave in the rock and began to drive out the strong cattle, the son of Leto, looking aside, saw the cowhides on the sheer rock. And he asked glorious Hermes at once: "How were you able, you crafty rogue, to flay two cows, new-born and babyish as you are? For my part, I dread the strength that will be yours: there is no need you should keep growing long, Cyllenian, son of Maia! .. So saying, Apollo twisted strong withes with his hands meaning to bind Hermes with fil'm bands; but the bands would not hold him, and the withes of osier fell far from him and began to grow at once from the ground beneath tbeir feet in that very place. And intertwining with one another, they quickly grew and covered all the wild-roving cattle by the will of thievish Hermes, so that A polio was astonished as he gazed. Then the strong slayer of Argus looked furtively upon the ground with eyes flashing fire . . . desiring to hide .•. Very eaSily he softened the 393 THE HOMERIC HYMNS 'A ' 00" Ept/CVOEO<; ~, " /kE/kaoo<;' 1]TOV<; VtOV pEW /kUX' f7TP>JVVEV E"1](:JOXOV, &,<; eOEX' aUTo<;, , ,f '(:1' ('0"" \. /Cat, /CpaTEpov 7TEp EOVTa' ",a oov 0 €7T aptCTT€pa , XEtpO<; " ' , 'I" " !J. ~,., , 7TII.1]/cTprp E7T€tP1]Tt~E /CaTa /k€P0<;' 'I 0 V7TO «,EtPO<; IT/kEp8aX€ov /COVU(:J1]CTE' 'Y€XaCTCT€ 8e cf>0~(:J0" A7ToXXoov "" 0" tOO1], ' , '.'.,.!.' 'Y1J 81]CTa<;, EpaT1] oE ota 't'pEva" 1J"'V 421 " . . . . I "\ \,., rl 8€CT7T€CT£1]" EV07TYJ" "a£ /ktV "(",V/CV" '/kEpO<; TlPE£ 'I" , , ' .a' " 'I" 8V/krp. ,a/Cova~OVTa' "'VPTl EpaTOV /Ct 8apt.,oov ... f' H O ' " , 'M I ~ "\ CTT1J P 0 "(E apCT1]CTa<; E7T aptCTTEpa ataoo" Vto" Cf>O{(:JOU 'A7ToXXoovo,,' TaXa DE X£'Y€oo<; /CtOap£toov 425 I , , t:) "\ 't' , \ .... ' f rI rl..' "(1]PUET a/kf-Jo",ao1JV-EpaT1J OE 0' ECT7TETO, 't'oov1J, ' ",,(atav " EpE/kV1JV, I /Cpatvoov a' 0 avaTou<; TE 0 EOU<;" /Ca, &,,, Ta 7T pWTa "(€VOVTO /Cat &,<; XaXE /ko'ipav l!/CaCTTO<;. MV1J/kOCTIJV1JV /kEV 7TpWTa OfWV €'Y€patpEV aotSy, , M OUlTaoov' ' ."(ap ' "",ax€ , M ataoo<; '0 " /k1JTEpa 1J Vtov' 430 ,to' , 't:J \ I rl TOU" DE KaTa 7TpECTf-Jtv T€ /Cat 00<; 'YE'YaaCTtv E/CaCTTO<; ' " 8 ' uto" A' ',,\' ~, a' 0 avaTOU" E'YEpatpE EOU<; a'Y",ao<; Uta<;, , " , \ ' ,"\. , 'I" 7TaVT €VE7TooV KaTa KOlT/kOV, E7Too",EVtOV /Ct 8ap'~oov. Tav 8' epo" €V CTnjOECTCT£v a/k.Jxavo" atvuTo OU/kOV, A. '" , I~ /Cat, /ktv 't'WV1JCTa<; E7l"Ea 7TT€pOEVTa 7TpOCT7JUoa' 435 ,j,' " ' . ' • , B OU't'0VE, /k1JxavtooTa, 7TOVEU/kEVE, oatTo<; ETatpE, , r.J""~ " '" 7T€VT1JKovTa f-JOOOV aVTa.,ta TaVTa /k€/k1J,,-a<;. t , ~ ' 0 " 1]CTUXtoo<; Kat E7TEtTa otaKptvE€lT at Otoo' " 0.'"a'YE /kat TOOE ' tEt7TE, ' "7TO",UTP07TE " ' M ataoo<; 't' VI!!, ., VUV • CTO£" "( E/c , 'YEV€T1]~ " 'Tao . ' aft ~ '" ' EP'Ya " 1] €CT7TETO 0aVf£aTa 440 " ' 8 ' " 0 " , 0 ' 1]E Tt<; a avaTOOV 1]E V'YJTooV av poo7TooV •• , '''. , ",j, 0' 't' , ooopov a'Yauov Eooo/cE Kat E't'paCTE ECT7TtV aoto1]V; '" ~ VE'YJ't'aTOV 'ri. " " 8aUf£aCT'1]V 'Yap T'YJVOE OCTCTav a/Couoo, A ' I I~ t" 'f " ....... 'IV au 7l"oo 7TOTE 'P'YJf£t oa1Jf£EVat OUTE TtV avopoov " , , 0 I ,\ '0' , ~ I , " OUT€ TIV a avaTOOV, at "'Uf£7Tta oOOf£aT EXOVCTI, 445 VOCTcpl CT€8ev, CP1]X1JTa, 6.,0<; /Cat Matlf80~ ut~•. '/ftr.at f"(/cpu'I' f \If 394 IV.-TO HERMES, 416-446 son of all-glorious Leto as he would, stern though the Far-shooter was. He took the lyre upon his left arm and tried each string in turn with the key, so that it sounded awesomely at his touch. And Phoebus Apollo laughed for joy; for the sweet throb of the marvellous music went to his heart, and a soft longing took hold on his soul as he listened. Then the son of Maia, harping sweetly upon his lyre, took courage and stood at the left hand of Phoebus Apollo; and soon, while he played shrilly on his lyre, he lifted up his voice and sang, and lovely was the sound of his voice that followed. He sang the story of the deathless gods and of the dark earth, how at the first they came to be, and how each one received his portion. First among the gods he honoured Mnemosyne, mother of the Muses, in his song; for the son of Maia was of her following. And next the goodly son of Zeus hymned the rest of the immortals according to their order in age, and told how each was born, mentioning all in order as he struck the lyre upon his arm. But Apollo was seized with a longing not to be allayed, and he opened his mouth and spoke winged words to Hermes: "Slayer of oxen, trickster, busy one, comrade of the feast, this song of yours is worth fifty cows, and I believe that presently we shall settle our quarrel peacefully. But come now, tell me this, resourceful son of Maia: has this marvellous thing been with you from your birth, or did some god or mortal man give it you-a noble gift-and teach you heavenly song? For wonderful is this new-uttered sound I hear, the like of which I vow that no man nor god dwelling on Olympus ever yet has known but you, 0 thievish son of Maia. What skill is this? What 395 IV.-TO HERMES, 447-474 THE HOMERIC HYMNS " , ... , , , " t" T£~ T€XU'YJ, n~ fhouO"a afh'YJxav€(,w f.t€A,€Owuwu, '1'[<; Tpt(30,; (lTp€/C~W<; 'Yd.p /ifha Tpia 7Tll-UTa 7Tap€UT£V, €VCPP0 , , " /Cat 'Yap €'YW ,.. M OU , ',\ ' , '" ' ... ,~, 07T'YJ00<;, l' 450 ", ... T'[Iert xopot T€ fh€"OU , .' 1'0 \ " t' \ , I f " t .€tO"W I 3 /CuopOV €V a'0 avaTOtert /Cat'''"'(3 0" tou 7J'Y€fhOV , " a7TaT'YJerw. oW(J'W T a'Y"aa owpa /Cat\€<;' T€A,O<; OU/C , ",'." , TOlJ 0' 'Epfhf}<; fhvOOttTtU afh€t(3€TO /C€pcaA,~ot €tpwTq<; fh' /Ca€P'Y€, 7T€pt't'pao€<;' aUTap €'YW erot I ( I , (3' " , T€XU'YJ<; 1)fh€T€P7J<; €7Tt 'YJfhevat ou n fh€'Yatpw. 465 , '.' " • O'7Jft€POlJ €to'YJO'€t<;· €'0"·' €"W O€ Tot 'YJ7TtD<; €wat (30UA,f) /Cal fhuOOt oe ' 0 ' fh€T" a0 avaTDt " 7TPWTO, " 'A ' ute, '1 'Yap, uto<; , , I f , , , A."\. f;:ol ',,\ \ t''"' €tC 7Ta .' . Most M88: ~I'.or, M with E and L (margin). • Ruhnken: O"I'D" M. • Tyrrell : ~Y'l'o",V<1", M88. , Translator: t')'tAl'Y. 71'al~' lr.t(:)JfEu5", MSS. 1 39 6 song for desperate cares? What w"y of song? For verily here are three things to hand all at once from which to choose,-mirth, and love, and swcet sleep. And though I am a follower of the Olympian Muses who love dances and the bright path of song-the full-toned chant and ravishing thrill of flutes-yet I never cared for any of those feats of skill at youn" men's revels, as I do now for this: I am filled with wonder, 0 son of Zeus, at your sweet playing. But now, since you, though little, have such glorious skill" sit down, dear boy, and respect the words of your elders For now you shall have renown amont:!' the deathless gods, you and your mother also. This I will declare to you exactly: by this shaft of cornel wood I will surely make you a leader renowned among, the deathless gods, and fortunate, and will give you glorious gifts and will not deceive you from first to last." Then Hermes answered him with artful words: "You question me carefully, 0 Far-worker; yet I an: not jealous that yo~ should enter upon my art: tins day you shall know It. For I seek to be friendly with you both in thought and word. Now you well know all things in your heart, since you sit foremost among the deathless gods, 0 son of Zeus, and are goodly and strong. And wise Zeus loves you as all right is, and has given you splendid gifts. And they say that from the utterance of Zeus you have learned both the honours due to the gods, 0 Far-worker, and oracles from Zeus, even all his ordinances. Of all these I myself have already learned that you have great wealth. Now, you are free to learn whatever 397 :'.,: I I' , , THE HOMERIC HYMNS '.,..,.' E'II"E> , \OVV . TOt an.n. fl-EA'I/"I,O 0 " vp.o<; e'Japt~Etv, 476 lCallC,BdpttE lCal a'YAata<; aAE'YVVE 'B UV' .' 'I:: Efl-E ' OE'Yfl-EVO<; E!; EV' , E'II"t B' VEt ICt IV.-TO HERMES, 475-504 " , \ .' oe N ./..' ICVOO<; " . .07Ta~E. Jfl-0t, ."tAE, "./.. " Wfl- 0 n.'II"6t fl- eTa X,EpU'V EX,WV ",t'YV'I'WVOV ETatp'1V, " , , , , "an.a lCa, EV lCaTa /COUfl-OV E7TtuTafl-EVO<; a'Y0p6vEtv. \. ,~ w, , • ./..' '." eV/C'1",ot:; fl-EV €7TEtTa ."Ep6tV E<; oatTa \ " , x,0pOV Ifl-EpoEVTa B"a",E,av .'" './.. lCa, Et:; ."tAoICVO€a /CWfl-0V \ "a, 'A.'" , ,,, ev."pouvV7JV VVICTOt:; TE /Cat '1fl-aTot:;. ff -A" a\' Ttt:; av aVT'1V TEX,"T/ /Cal uo.pty OEOa'1fl-Evo\, €E€pe€[vT/, ./..B ' 'I' E'Y'Y0 fl-€V7J "v0tp , x,apteVTa , •• ' 7TaVTOta otoaUle6t p61.a uvv'1BElYUtV aBvp0fl-EV'1 fl-aAa/CvutV, , './..' . ' B0'" •• , , €P'YaUt'1v ."EV'Yovua oV'1'11"a 0'> oE' /CEV aVT'1V " ... ,/.. "\..... , "'1t<; ewv TO 'll"PWTOV 67Tt~a."e",wt:; €P€6t"T/, fl-d." aihw<; /c6V /i'll"EtTa fl-6T~opa TE Bpv)..,Altot. "~' rf ... CTO>\~", 0 aVTa'YpETOV eCTTt oa'1fl-€vat, OTTt fl-€votva'i. " .OWCTW ' , A " " • /Ca t Tot €'YW TaVT'1V, to<;" a'Y",a€ /cOVP6' 490 f ... to' "'" I \ f Q' (:-1 '1fl-Ett:; 0 aVT 0PEO<; T6 /Cat t7T7I"0fJOTOV 'll"EotOtO ' , " , 'E'/CaEp'YE, 8 OVCT>\ V0fl-0V<;, V0fl-EVCT0fl-EV a'YpaVAOtCTW. "B~' 'I:: t:J" " ev EV a"t<; TE!;OVCTt fJOEt:; TaVpOtCT; fl-''YEtCTat ' . B" N '.', , fl-''YO'1V '1"Eta\, TE /Cat, apCT6va<;' OVoE T' CTE x'P'1 1C6poaAEov 7TEp EovTa 'll"Epttaf1-6Vw<; /c6x,0AwuBat, 495 "n " w 1::' •• ' ""'1:: "'"t:J 'A ' .L<; Et7TWV WPES ' 0 EOE!;QTO ""OtfJ0<; 7TOAAWV, 'Epfl-y. . 0~" E'Y'Yva""!;EV I"\.f! "'1 ' "."" , elewv fl-aCTTt'Ya ."aEtV'1V, (3ov/CoAla\, T' €'II"ETEAAEV' /i06/cTO oe Mataoo\, ." n.afJwv t:J' ", , ' '0 apw OE 'Y'1 B'1 CTa<;' e'll" aptuTepa, X,6'P0<; "a'Y",aot:; " , VtO<;, " ava!; WI::"e/CaEp'Y0<; 'A" , A '1TOV\, 'll"O",,,,WV, 500 " , , J" "".'" B 7TfI.'1/CTptp €7TEtP'1Tt~E lCaTa fl-€PO<;' '{ 0 V7T€V€P 6 • " 2 /COVafJ'1UE' ' t:J B · /Ca",ov " aEtuEJI. N 1Tfl-€poa",€OV 60<;' 0. " V7TO "EvBa (3oa<; fl-ev /i'll"€tTa 'll"oTl tuB€ov AEtfl-6Wa , , '\ N ,," T€/Cva, ETpa7T€T7Jv' aVTO> oe, A' '0'1 'll"Eptlea,,,,,,ea . , ,,.. , ° Ie, I 398 Martin: IX.v, MSa. uto\' • M: Il'fp61v, other MSS, you please; but since, as it seems, your heart is so strongly set on playing the lyre, chant, and play upon it, and give yourself to merriment, taking this as a gift from me, and do you, my friend, bestow glory on me. Sing well with this clearvoiced companion in your hands; for you are skilled in good, well-ordered utterance, From now on bring it confidently to the rich feast and lovely dance and glorious revel, a joy by night and by day, Whoso with wit and wisdom enquires of it cunningly, him it teaches through its sound all manner of things that delight the mind, being easily played with gentle familiarities, for it abhors toilsome drudgery; but whoso in ignorance enquires of it violently, to him it chatters mere vanity and foolishness. But you are able to learn whatever you please. So then, I will give you this lyre, glorious son of Zeus, while I for my part will graze down with wild-roving cattle the pastures on hill and horse-feeding plain: so shall the cows covered by the bulls calve· abundantly both males and females. And now there is no need for you, bargainer though you are, to be furiously angry." When Hermes had said this, he held out the lyre: and Phoebus Apollo took it, and readily put his sl:lining whip in Hermes' hand, and ordained him keeper of herds. The son of Maia received it joyfully, while the glorious son of Leta, the lord far-working Apollo, took the lyre upon his left arm and tried each string with the key. A wesomely it sounded at the touch of the god, while he sang sweetly to its note. Afterwards they two, the all-glorious sons of Zeus turned the cows back towards the sacred meadow, 399 I !(, THE HOMERIC HYMNS IV.-TO HERMES, 505-532 but themselves hastened back to snowy Olympus, delighting in the lyre. Then wise Zeus was glad and made them both friends. And Hermes loved the son of Leto continually, even as he does now, when he had given the lyre as token to the Far-shooter, who played it skilfully, holding it npon his arm. Bnt for himself Hermes fonnd out another cunning art and made himself the pipes whose sound is heard afar. Then the son of Leto said to Hermes: Son of Maia, guide and cunning one, I fear you may steal from me the lyre and my curved bow together ~ for you have an office from Zens, to establish deeds of barter amongst men throughout the fruitful earth. Now if you would only swear me the great oath of the gods, either by nodding your head, or by the potent water of Styx, you would do all that can please and ease my heart." Then Maia's son nodded his head and promised that he would never steal anything of all the Farshooter possessed, and would never go near his strong house; but A pallo, son of Leto, swore to be fellow and friend to Hermes, vowing that he would love no other among the immortals, neither god nor man sprung from Zeus, better than Hermes: and the Father sent forth an eagle in confirmation. And A pallo sware also: Veril y I will make you only to be an omen for the immortals and all alike, trusted and honoured by my heart. Moreover, I will give you a splendid staff of riches and wealth: it is of gold, with three branches, and will keep you scatheless, accomplishing every task, whether of words or deeds that are good, which I claim to know through the utterance of Zeus. But as for (C (C 4 00 401 IV.-TO HERMES, 533-559 THE HOMERIC HYMNS f/,avTetrll' De, q,eptuT€, DtOTP€q,€~, ryv €P€€tV€t~, rI. " €U'Tt oa'}f/,€va£ t' I " ", OVT€ UE €U't'aTOV OVT€ TW , a"'AOV • , 8' '8avanov' ' . TO, ryap \ OLO€ "to A" , \ , , u£O~ VOO~· aVTap eyw ry€ ~ ' lCaTEV€VUa lCa£ w/J,oua lCapT€pOV 0PICOV, 7r£UTW 8€£~ a I '" 535 , ' , . 1€f/,€£O . . ' ' ' €WV 8 "a£€£ry€V€TaWV ' , f/,'}, 'Ttva VOU't'W aAAov ry' €fu€u8a£ " Z'}V6~ I 'TrVlCwoq,pova {30VAr/V. , , ,""- lCa£ UV, lCaUtryV'}T€ xpVUoppa7r£, f/,'} f/,€ IC€",€V€ -I. -I.' " ,~ " €U't'aTa 7r£'t'avUIC€W, OUa f/,,}O€Ta£ €vpV07ra 8' ' 8pW7rWV ' av 0<'''-., a",,,,ov Z' €V~. ",," 540 ~-.' o,}",,}uof/,a£, a",,,,ov OV'}UW, "\"\\ 7r€P£TP07r€WV '" rI.""'8' 7rO",,,,a af/,€ryapTwv 't'V'" av pW7rWV. I d 11"8 lCa,~"""rl.."" f/,€V €f/,'}~ Of/,'t''}~ a7rOV'}U€Ta£, O~ 'Tt~ av €A '!l rI. ..., , . "\., , ... 't'WV'!l lCat 7rT€PVry€U(F£ T€",'}€VTWV o£wvwV" '" ''''',.1..'''' •o~ ~, IC€ f/,a'l' £",oryoun 7r£ o€ '1:""a7raT,}UW. OVTO~ €f/,,}~ Of/,'t''}~ a7rOV'}U€Ta£, OVo , f ' ,}f/,€T€p'}V, f/,aVT€£'}V ". ' , €'8" €/\''!lU£ €. " ' 7rap€1C voov ,t:€P€€W€W I~, VO€€£V O€ 8'" EWV - I . , . , .... ' ,~,. 't''}f/,. a"'t'}v ooov €UF£V. ·A'",,,,0 .. 545 8'}ua~ ' , " OtWVOtU£ " "\ I J', 7r",€OV a£€v €OVTWV, "~,~" ~ €ryw O€ IC€ owpa O€XOtf/,'}V. M' , ~, " at'}~ €P£ICVO€O~ V'E 8 " "€P£OVV'€ oa£f/,0v' <" €WV ~' TO£ €P€W, O€ 'A L.l£O~' " atrytoXo£O, Kat I U€f/,vat\ ryap " 8' TW€~ 550 '" ... €£<1'£. lCau£ryV'}Tat ry€ryaVtat, ',,\"\.' I 7rap €VOt, WIC€£'!lU£V arya",,,,of/,€va£ 7rT€PV"!€UU£, TP€'i~' lCaTd. De ICpaT6~ 7r€7raAaryf/,eVa, A,€UICa, , , I f ' , O,lCta Va£€TaOVUW V7rO 7rTVX' f/,aVT€t'}~ ,. 7rat~ "" IIapv1Juoto, " a7rd,v€v8€ o£oaulCaAo£, ryv \ "\ , , aAq,tTa €7rl ~", €T €WV f/,€"'€T1Jua' 7raT1Jp 0 €f/,O~ 555 {3ovut , OVIC ',,\ I , "8 €V O'} ~'" , ",.... ,'. . , €VT€V €7r€tTa 7rOTWf/,€Vat a",,,,OT€ a"''''1J , {3'oUICOVTat "1Jpta ,,&' }" a",€ry£~€V, lCat T€ ICpatVOVutV €lCauTa. sooth-saying, noble, heaven-born child, of which you ask, it is not lawful for you to learn it, nor for any other of the deathless gods: only the mind of Zeus knows that. I am pledged and have vowed and sworn a strong oath that no other of the eternal gods save I should know the wise-hearted counsel of Zeus. And do not you, my brother, bearer of the golden wand, hid me tell those decrees which allseeing Zeus intends. As for men, I will harm one and profit anothcr, sorely perplexing the tribes of unenviable men. Whosoever shall come guided by the call and flight of birds of sure omen, that man shall have advantage through my voice, and I will not deceive him. But whoso shall trust to idlychattering birds and shall seek to invoke my prophetic art contrary to my will, and to understand more than the eternal gods, I declare that he shall come on an idle journey; yet his gifts I would take. But I wiIl tell you another thing, Son of a11glorious Maia and Zeus who holds the aegis, luckbringing genius of the gods. There are certain holy ones, sisters born-three virgins 1 gifted with wings: their heads are besprinkled with white meal, and they dwell under a ridge of Parnassus. These are teachers of divination apart from me, the art which I practised while yet a boy following herds, though my father paid no heed to it. From their home they fly now here, now there, feeding on honey-comb 1 The Thriae, who practised divination hy means of pebbles (also called Bp,.I). In this hymn they are represented as aged maiden. (11. 553-4), but are closely associated with bee. (11. 559-563) and possibly are here conceived as having human heads and breast. with the bodies and wings of bees. See the edition of Allen and Sikes. Appendix Ill. 40 3 IV.-TO HERMES, 560-580 THE HOMERIC HYMNS OTE p,~V Oufwutv EO'1}Ou'iat p,eAt XAropov, 0' at .I, , 7Tp0'l'POV€ro~ ~V 560 '-.. '-.. 0' , , e'0 e",ouutV a",'I} €t'l}V a'Y0p€u€tV· a7TovorrcpwOrout O€rov ~o€'iav EOroO~V, y€VOOVTat O~ g7T€ITa Ot' aAA~Arov Oov€Ovuat.1 0' , Ta~ {'It' ,! t" , TOt €7T€tTa atorop,t· uu a , aTp€K€ro~ , I N. epE€wrov , aVToV '~.I,' , ' fJPOTOV r.J ' u'1}v 'l'pEva T€p7r€, Ka,\ E' avopa "\"\ ~~~,..',1.. ... I , I " , - 7ro",,,,aKt u'1}~ op,'I''I}~ E7raKOUU€Tat, at K€ TUXvut. " 'N '. Vte, " Ka.\,a'Ypau",ou<; '-.. .... r.J ~ TaVT fiXE, M ataoo~ €A,tKa<; fJOV<; ", ",1.." \fl "\ I t7r7TOU~ T ap,'I't7ro",ev€ Kat 'l}p,tOVOV<; Ta",aep'Y0v<;. [6,<; gcpaT'· ollpavoOEv 9~ 7TaT~p ZnJ<; allTo<; g7TEuul 56S' OijKE TEAO<;' 7rautv 0' lip' IJ 'Y' olrovo'iut KEAWUEV 2] 56Sb \ ... "\ I It' \, , KaL xapo7TOIUt ",€ovut Kat ap'YtOoovut UV€UUt " ' . 1€vpeta , ' " X 0 rov, ' Ka.\ KUUt, Ka.\'-.. p,'1}",Otutv, oua TP€'t'Et ° 570 " ." e7r.\ 7rpofJaTolutv r.J ' , , '.. 'E " 7raut aVaUU€tv KUotp,OV pp''I}v, • . . ' 'At.. , , ' w " • OtOV a et<; O'l}V T€TEM,UP,€VOV a'Y'YE"'ov Elvat, " T'N..' " .oroUEt ' l '" , 0<; aOOTO~ 7rEp EroV 'Y€pa~ OUK EA,aXtUTov. Oilrro Matctoo<; viov lival; EcplA'1}U€V 'A7roAArov '.1,,,, , ' 7raVTotV 't't"'OT'1}T£' xaptv a·"'0 E7TE 'l}KE K POVlroV. " a.'"0 'YE 8V'1}TOtUt ~ ' '" " 7raut Ka.\ a' 0 avaTOtUtv Op,I,.EI. ... \ ~ ,', , t" " , 575 , 7ravpa p,ev ouv oVtV'l}UI, TO a aKptTov '1}7TEP07r€U€t , "" . I , ' 't'v",a ,k"-.. VVKTa at 0p't'vat'l}v K at' 8V'1}TroV " av '8pro7TroV. ' '" "A ' Kat' M ' " VIE' '1 uu, p,ev OVTro xatp€, L.UO~ ataoo~, ':l " ... '" 1;;<'" aVTap E'Yro Kat\ CT€£O Kat''',,\,,\ a",,,,'Y/<; p,v'y/uop, ao£o'l}<;. 1 E and L: ""pwV'ra, ~~ (""'7'a "«p~~ a~bv ~"I,p..p,6.1Y (" Then they try to lead men ...ide ou~ of the w"y"). other MSS. I Allen'. supplement. 580 and bringing all things to pass. And when they are inspired through eating yellow honey, they are willing to speak truth; but if they be deprived of the gods' sweet food, then they speak falsely, as they swarm in and out together. These, then, I give you; enquire of them strictly and delight your heart: and if you should teach any mortal so to do, often will he hear your response-if he have good fortune. Take these, Son of Maia, and tend the wild roving, horned oxen and horses and patient mules." So he spake. And from heaven father Zeus himself gave confirmation to his words, and commanded that glorious Hermes should be lord over all birds of omen and grim-eyed lions, and boars with gleaming tusks, and over dogs and all flocks that the wide earth nourishes, and over all sheep; also that he only should be the appointed messenger to Hades, who, though he takes no gift, shall give him no mean prize. Thus the lord Apollo showed his kindness for the Son of Maia by all manner of friendship: and the Son of Cronos gave him grace besides. He consorts with all mortals and immortals: a little he profits, uut continually throughout the dark night he ('ozem the tribes of mortal men. And so, farewell, Son of Zeus and Maia; but I will remember you and another song also. THE HOMERIC HYMNS "' M OVCTa v V EI! A TO APHRODITE " , ' 'A"-·' 7rO"VXPVCTOV 'f" pOO£7'''I~, ~ eVV€7rE ep'Ya fLo~ V.-TO APHRODITE, • dO" , \'Y"V"VV , \"£fLEPOV WpCTE • ' K V7rptoo~, "I7'€ eO£CTtv E7r£ "aL i!oaluiCTCTa7'O cpvXa "a7'aOv"I7'ilw avOp,lmwv ~ I '0' , 7'E ot£'7rE7'€a~ "a£ "Ip£a 7rav7'a, ""'Jf "\"\.\ 1,.1.. 'to'd , '1I1-EV OCT "I7re£po~ 7ro""a 7'pE'f"E' '10 OCTa 7rOV7'O<;' " ' , 'EVCT7'E'f"avov "-' KO' 7raCT'V 0.", ep'Ya II-EII-"I"EV v Epe£"I<;. \ . ' , .-, 0" "- I '.' ovo T p£CTCTa<; 0 ov OVva7'a, 7r€7r~ EW 'f"pEva<; 7" , I o£WVOV~ , 5 " a7ra7'''ICTa~' , " , A I , " 'AO"IV"IV' ' "Ovp"lV 7' a~'YtoXo£o L.J.W<;, 'Y"aV"W7rW , o£' Evaoev ' ' . ' 'ep'Ya 7rO"VXPVCTOV , ' 'A"-·' av, 'Yap 'f"POO£7'l]<;, ,"\."'\,,, f', , ,,~ , " "A a"" apa o£ 7ro"ell-0£ 7'E aoov "at EP'Y0V P"l0<; ~ vCTII-£va£ 7'E II-axa~ 7'E "at a'Y"aa EP'Y a".E'YVVEW. " 7'E"7'Ova<; avopa<; " . 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'\ 15 \ 20 1-23 MUSE, tell me the deeds of golden Aphrodite the Cyprian, who stirs up sweet passion in the gods and subdues the tribes of mortal men and birds that fly in air and all the many creatures that the dry land rears, aud all that the sea: all these love the deeds of richcrowned Cytherea. Yet there are three hearts that she c,mnot bend nor yet ensnare. First is the daughter of Zeus who holds the aegis, bright-eyed Athene; for she has no pleasure in the deeds of golden Aphrodite, but delights in wars and in the work of Ares, in strifes and battles and in preparing famous crafts. She first taught earthly craftsmen to make chariots of war and cars variously wrought with bronze, and she, too, teaches tender maidens in the house and puts knowledge of goodly arts in each one's mind. Nor does laughter-loving Aphrodite ever tame in love Artemis, the huntress with shafts of gold; for she loves archery and the slaying of wild beasts in the mountains, the lyre also and dancing and thrilling cries and shady woods and the cities of upright men. Nor yet does the pure maiden Hestia love Aphrodite's works. She was the first-born child of wily Cronos and youngest too,! by will of Zeus who holds the aegis,-a queenly maid whom both 1 Cronos .wallowed each of his children the moment that they were born, but ultimately was forced to disgorge them. Hestia, being the fir.t to be swallowed, was tbe last to be diogorged, and so was at once the first and latest born of the children of Cronos. Cpo H ••iod Theogony, I!. .j,95-7. 40 7 THE HOMERIC HYMNS II ou€war.uv ~ , , A '· 7rOTVlaV,'IV €fWWVTO '.... /Cal"A 7rO""r.UV· A "" .. ' , ,,(}.. ' .... , 'I o€ fla" OV/C • €,,€V, a""a UTEP€W~ " WflOU€ .. ' T€T€"€UflEVD~ ." O€ t .. , . . . 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But she was wholly unwilling, nay, stubbornly refused; and touching the head of father Zeus who holds the aegis, she, that fair goddess, sware a great oath which has in truth been fulfilled, that she would be a maiden all her days. So Zeus the Father gave her an high honour instead of marriage, and she has her place in the midst of the house and has the richest portion. In all the temples of the gods she has a share of honour, and among all mortal men she is chief of the goddesses. Of these three Aphrodite cannot bend or ensnare the hearts. But of all others there is nothing among the blessed gods or among mortal men that has escaped Aphrodite. Even the heart of Zeus, who delights in thunder, is led astray by her; though he is greatest of all and has the lot of highest majesty, she beguiles even his wise heart whensoever she pleases, and mates him with mortal women, unknown to Hera, his sister and his wife, the grandest far in beauty among the deathless goddesses-most glorious is she whom wily Cronos with her mother Rhea did beget: and Zeus, whose wisdom is everlasting, made her his chaste and careful wife. But upon Aphrodite herself Zeus cast sweet desire to be joined in love with a mortal man, to the end that, very soon, not even she should be innocent of a mortal's love; lest laughter-loving Aphrodite should one day softly smile and say mockingly among all the gods that she had joined the gods in love with mortal women who bare sons of death to the deathless gods, and had mated the goddesses with mortal men. THE HOMERIC HYMNS 'A ' ,,/XtUEro vt"· apa " O~ ""€V TOT V.-TO APHRODITE, 53-82 '(3~8" Vt,~'" "/,,VICVV tp.epov ep. a"E vp.rp, ' , "0peu£v aICp07TO"Ot~ "\ ~ , 7TO"V7TtvaICOV "I V'YJ~ ~ , (3" ~, ' " ov~ V€p.a~ a' 8 avaTotUw €OIICro~. (3OVICOA.€€UIC€V TOV o~ ~7T€tra lOouua CPtA.op.p.€tO~<; 'ACPpOIltT'YJ " " , "\ <:-' lCaTa 1",,'''' "'" '1pauaT , eIC7Ta"/,,o~ v€ 't'p€va<; tP.EpO~ Et"EV. , K'V7TPOV V~, €" '~O" ' ~ V'YJ0V '''~ ovua 8 vroOEa €VVVEV, ,€~ II a't'0v' '-I. "8~'" ( 3 ' €V a O€ Ot T€p.evo~ rop.o<; TE 8'~ vro0'YJ~. , 0' 'YJ "/ EtU€A.8' "8''lICE -I. ' €V ovua 8' vpa~ €7TE 't'a€IVa~' €~ d " X'aptTE<; "" " ,~, "ovuav ICat' xptuav €"at~J) • 8 €ov<; \ ,€7T€V'1VO ' 8 €V at€V J" €OVTa~, ota GO "8~' €V a DE p.tV , (3' f ap< POTrp, '(3 , f~ ... 1 ' (, ( 8 ' • ap. poutrp €oavrp; TO pa Ot 7'E vrop.€VOV'1€V' •€uuafL€v'YJ , 0... , I · ' " " EV 7TaVTa 7T€p' Xpo. Etp.aTa ICa"a 6[, xpvulp ICoup.'YJ0€'iua CPIA.OP.P.€IO~<; •ACPPOO£T'1 " " T ' ~,' "~ K' u€VaT €7T' pot'YJ~ 7TjlO"I7TOVU €vwv€a V7TPOV, {)'l/rt P.€Ta vtcp€U£V ptp.cpa 7Tp.]uuovua ICtA.w80v. "( O'JV ~ 0'" ,,~ '8 ' 0 tlCav€v 7TO"V7TtoaICa, p.'YJT€pa 'YJPWV, {;l' ~, '8' 8" ~'" ,\ ~, , p'YJ 0 t V<; UTa p.o£O ot OVP€O~' Ot ve P.€T" aVT'1V " ' , , \ ' UaWOVT€<; 7TOA.£Ot T€ A.VICOt XaP07TOt T€ ",EOVTE<;, " Ii:' / ' 8 oat\ 7TpoICaorov I~" UPICTOt 7TapOaA.t€~ T€ aICop'YJTOt ~tuav' ~ 0' oporoua fL€Ta CPPEU~ Tep7T€TO 8vp.ov \ "", '8 (3,"\,r/ t\t"d ICa, Tot~ €V UT'1 €UUt a" tp.€poV' Ot 0 ap.a 71'(1 VT€<; ~ " uvvovo ICOtp.'YJuaVTO ICaTa UIC£O€VTa~ evav",ov<;, AVT~ 0' €<; ICA.tU[M €V71'Ot.]TOV~ acp[lCav€' 75 , ~.. 8" ~ ~ , • ,,~~ , TOV 0 fVPE UTa P.OLUt ",€",EtP.P.€VOV OLOV a7T a",,,,rov 'A ' ~ 8 '" '" .. "/Xtu'YJv "Jproa, €WV a71'o ICa",,,,o<; e~ovTa. of 0' /ip.a (3ovu~v ;[71'0VTO vop.ov<; ICaTa 7Tot.]€VTa~ , • O€ ~, " '"€"€tP.fL€VO~ " ' O£O~ • a71' "", ~ 7TaVT€<;' UTa8 fLotUt a",,,,rov " , ev .. 8a lCat' €V "0 a Ola7TPVUIOV ~ , 80 7TroA.€LT ICt 8'~ apt~wv. "~, , " ' 8 A ' 8 ' 'A-I.·' UT"J 0 aVTOV 7Tpo7Tapol € L.J.£O~ v,,/aT"JP 't'POotT'YJ ' ,~, ' 0 ,.~., 7Tap0 €vrp aop.'YJT'[I P.€"/€ 0<; ICa, €£OO<; OP.Ot'1, I Clarke: la>¥, MSS. , I , , ° '" And so he put in her heart sweet desire for Anchises who waS tending cattle at that time among the steep hills of many-fountained Ida, and in shape was like the immortal gods. Therefore, when laughter-loving Aphrodite saw him, she loved him, and terribly desire seized her in her heart, She went to Cyprus, to Paphos, where her precinct is and fragrant altar, and passed into her sweetsmelling temple. There she went in and put to the glittering doors, and there the Graces bathed her with heavenly oil such as blooms upon the bodies of the eternal gods-oil divinely sweet, which she had by her, filled with fragrance, And laughterloving Aphrodite put on all her rich clothes, and when she had decked herself with gold, she left sweet-smelling Cyprus and went in haste towards Troy, swiftly travelling high up among the clouds. So she came to many-fountained Ida, the mother of wild creatures and went straight to the homestead across the mountains. After her came grey wolves, fawning on her, and grim-eyed lions, and bears, and fleet leopards, ravenous for deer: and she was glad in heart to see them, and put desire in their breasts, so that they all mated, two together, about the shadowy coombes. But she herself came to the neat-built shelters, and him she found left quite alone .in the homestead-the hero Anchises who was comely as the gods. All the others were following the herds over the grassy pastures, and he, left quite alone in the homestead, was roaming hither and thi.ther and playing thrillingly upon the lyre. And Aphrodite, the daughter of Zeus stood before him, being like a pure maiden in height and mien, that he should not .pl I, V.-TO APHRODITE, 83-111 THE HOMERIC HYMNS • • A.. & .,." , (3 , -;-~, 'B' ftE'Y€ 0<; , f/,1/ fUV Tap 'Y)UEtEV EV 0'f' a"'ftotut vO,}G'a<;. 'A 'YXtG'')<; ' t" '..1. I}". B' , T€ opowv E'f'pa,€TO auftawEv ° f, €wo<; T€ ,"\. r, \ '\. ' 85 T€ /Cat EtftaTa G't'Ya"OEVTa. \ ,~ ..I.' " .. 7r€7r"OV ft€V 'Yap €€G'TO 'f'a€tVOT€POV 7rUpO~ au'Y"7~. KaAav, l XPVG'€WV, 'fraft7ro[/CtAOV' th~ OE G'€AfJV,} 89 A.." lL'fra"otG'tVE"aft'fr€TO, ... " ',' G'T'Y) €G'tvaft'f' 90 'e ' ° e" '.' eav aufta tOEO" • 0" €'frt'Yvai-<'frTa~ ''' ' ", €tX€ €"t/Ca~ /Ca"u/Ca~ A.. ' T€ 'f'aEtva~' • •• , A.." ... " ~" ,," oPft0t ° aft'f' a7ra,,'[1 VEtP'[l 7r€ptlCa"'''EE~ 'Y)O"av. 'A' ~, €PO~ " h " ~, ftW avnov " ". 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',-' 105 07]pOV EV ,oo€tV /Cat opav 'f'ao, ,}E",£O[O, • "(3 wv EV , "\.,., \ I 't" B OA ",aot<;. /Ca£ 'Y7]pao, OVOOV [/CEG' a[. A 'B U'YaT,}P ' 'AA..·' oV ~.. 7]ftE£'(3 ET." €7rEtTa uw~ 'f'pOotT7]' 'A ' ,~ , av pW'Trwv, 'YXtG'7]. KUO{.UT€ xaftat'YEvEwV ' " ou n, Tot EO, E£ftt· n"ft' B a avaT'[IO"W EtG'KEt<;; aAA£t KamBv,}T0 T€, 'Yuvh ft€ 'YeivaTo ft0'T1/p. 110 '0 TP6U, ,~" \ ,ov0fta/c/\,UTO" ,,'" " 0 €O"'TL\ 7raT7]p 6£ 7rOU a/coV€t<;, t, 'r' ° ," e" 1 'e' be Wakefield, '"Aol etc., MSS. be frightened when he took heed of her with his eyes. Now when Anchises saw her, he marked her well and wondered at her mien and height and shining garments. For she was clad in a robe out-shining the brightness of fire, a splendid robe of gold, enriched with all manner of needlework, which shimmered like the moon over her tender breasts, a marvel to see. Also she wore twisted brooches and shining earrings in the form of flowers; and round her soft throat were lovely necklaces. And Anchises was seized with love, and said to her: "Hail, lady, whoever of the blessed ones you are that are come to this house, whether Artemis, or Leta, or golden Aphrodite, or high-born Themis, or bright-eyed Athene. Or, maybe, you are one of the Graces come hither, who bear the gods company and are called immortal, or else one of the Nymphs who haunt the pleasant woods, or of those who inhabit this lovely mountain and the springs of rivers and grassy meads. I will make you an altar upon a high peak in a far seen place, and will sacrifice rich offerings to you at all seasons. And do you feel kindly towards me and grant that I may become a man very eminent among the Trojans, and give me strong offspring for the time to come. As for my own self, let me live long and happily, seeing the light of the sun, and come to the threshold of old age, a man prosperous among the people." Thereupon Aphrodite the daughter of Zeu~ answered him: "Anchises, most glorious of all men born on earth, know that I am no goddess: why do you liken me to the deathless ones? Nay, I am but a mortal, and a woman was the mother that bare me. Otreus of famous name is my father, if so be you THE HOMERIC HYMNS l\ , om , , I V.-TO APHRODITE, 112-138 " 0" 7rau1J" "'PV'Yt1J, EVTElX1JTOW aVauuEt. 'YAWUUaV 8' VfJ-ET~P1JV TE Kal ~fJ-€T~P1JV uuta 0100,. " , rJ..' 'A. c.\ \ t' \ TP'f'a" 'Yap fJ-eyap'f' fJ-€ TP0'f'0" TpE'f'EV' "I € ota7rPO , "0" , ~ ~ ,j.,'~ \ , UfJ-tKp1JV 7raW a'TtTall.Il.€, 'f't 1l.'17 , 7rapa fJ-1JTpO, EAOUUa. 115 <.\ t" I "\ ... I ,1' I ....,.~ w ... 0"1 TO! "IIl.WUuav "113 Kal VfJ-ETEp1JV €V Owa. " ~, '" f: ' 'A,j., , vvv 013 fJ- aV1]p7ra,€ XPVUOppa7rl" P"l€l'f'0VT1J, (iK ')(opou 'ApT€fJ-tOO, XPVrT1JAaK,{rOV, KEAa8Etv~ .... 7rOAAa£ OE VVfJ-<pal Kat 7rap8evot UA ° , 'z' , 1 ° ~, MELnT give the alternative vorBe: d 'rot BEIIC.",l" i'vv.J, ((fO'op.o., -IJ~ Kcd oinri. (" to see whether I shall be an ill·liking wife for you or no.") 414 have heard of him, and he reigns over all Phrygia rich in fortresses. But I know your speech well beside mY'own, for a Trojan nurse brought me up at home: she took me from my dear mother and reared me thenceforth when I was a little child. So comes it, then, that I well know your tongue also. And now the Slayer of Argus with the golden wand has caught me up from the dance of huntress Artemis, her with the golden arrows. For there were many of us, nymphs and marriageable 1 maidens, playing together; and an innumerable company encircled us: from these the Slayer of Argus with the golden wand rapt me away. He carried me over many fields of mortal men and over much land untilled and unpossessed, where savage wild-beasts roam through shady coombes, until I thought never again to touch the lifegiving earth with my feet. And he said that 1 should be called the wedded wife of Anchises, and should bear you goodly children. But when he had told and advised me, he, the strong Slayer of Argos, went back to the families of the deathless gods, while I am now come to you: for unbending necessity is upon me. But I beseech you by Zeus and by your noble parents-for no base folk could get such a son as you-take me now, stainless and unproved in love, and show me to your father and careful mother and to your brothers sprung from the same stock. I shall be no ill-liking daughter for them, but a likely. Moreover, send a messenger quickly to the swift-horsed Phrygians, to tell my father and my sorrowing mother; and they will send 1 "Cattle-earning," because an accepted suitor paid for hi. bride in cattle. ;! THE HOMERIC HYMNS V.-TO APHRODITE, or ce !Ce rot xpvrrov re iiA,£~ €ITBi]r .' 7ro",,,,a , , , !Cat" , ' .oEX ' Bat a7rOLva. " lTV' DE wy",aa ... t'\ / t" , r , ravra O€ 7rOtrllTa~ oaLVV 'Yafl-OV Lfl-€pOEVra, 141 , , B ' " B ' B " nfl-tov av pW7TDtIT£ !CaL a avarQtlTt €O£ITW. .,..... , " B" ' "Lfl-EpOV Efl-fJa",€ " P 'B Vfl-'I"" ~~~ E£7rOVlTa €a 'Y",V!CVV 'A ' to' " "'"'\ ,/ , 'frk , ,..., 'YXtrr'7v 0 EpO~ Et/\,EV €7rO~ r €",ar' "€!C r " OVOfl-a."EV" 'B V'7r'7"" , I E< £' fl-EV r ErrlTt, 'YVV'7\~, DE ITE 'YEtvaro fl-T)r'7P, 145 '0 rpEve; ,~'" " ,,\' f ' , 0 ElTn 7rar'7P oV0fl-a!C",VTOe;, W~ a'YopEvE£e;, 'B ' ., ~ • , , B '.,. , a avarov DE E/CT)n Ota!CTopov €V aD ,/CaVE'e; 'E pfl-€W, I "~, 'f", "\ , , , I €fl-'7 0 a/\,0xoe; !CE/C"''7 IT €a£ '7fl-ara 7raVTa' oil ne; €7rE£Ta BEWV oilrE BV'7rwv avBponrwv 'B'· , \ lTV"rI." " EV aOE fl-E ITX'7rr€£, 7rpLV ",L",or'7r£ fl-L'Y')Va£ 150 " .... , C:-' • " t' (.J'"'\ " ' A ' avn!Ca vvv' ovo €£ /C€V €/C'7fJo/\,oe; aVTOe; 7rOA,A,WV rogov a7r' ap'Yvpeov 7rpotv jgeA,€a ITrovo€vTa. Q"\I 'f I' "'B" fJOV"'Otfl-'7V /C€V E7r€Lra, ryvva£ €£!Cv£a €VITL, " ' " , P' 0" . ' 'A • " IT'7e; €VV'7~ €7r£fJae; ovvaL 00fl-0V LoO~ €LITID. "ne; ei7r6Jv A,U/3E XE£pa' CPLA,0fl-fl-€LC~~ C' ,Acppo8£rry lp7r€ fl-Erarrrp€cpBEllTa /Car' 11fl-fl-ara !CaA,a j9aA,ovlTa 156 ''\.'', ~B I" " E~ I\.€xoe; EVITTPIDTOV, L 7rEp 7rapoe; EIT/cEV ava/CTt ,,\' , .... , I " " B 1-",atVVITLV fl-a",a/Cve; €lTrpIDfl-EvoV' avrap V7rEP ev ap!CrIDv cepfl-ar' €!C€LrO j9apvcpBb'YryIDV re A,EOVrIDV, , " 'ri.. ,,, t' ... 1,. ... rove; avro~ !Car€7rE",VEV €V OVPEITLV V"j' T)A,OtITW. 160 \\ to" , .,. '\. I , I "t:) 0. 0 €7rEt OVV I\.eXEIDV €V7rOL'7rIDV E7rEfJT)lTaV, , If ... " , 1 rl-. ' !COITfl-0V fl-€V o£ 7rpwrOV a7ro Xpoo~ E A,E ",aELVOV, , , B' fi"'L!Ca~ "" " , rE !CaL, 7rop7ra~ re ryvajJ,7rTae; !Ca",v!Cac; 7rEfl-"j' ° • °Pfl-°vc;. , " . ' OL'~I ' . ' Hfl-ara " ,I ",VITE O€ ."WV'7V iD€ IT£rya,,o€vra "t' , 'B " B ' , I E!CoVE !CaL !CaTE '7!CEV €7rt pOVOV ap'Yvp0'7A,OV 'A ' ot\ ~, " B "" , , \ " ryXtlT'7~' 0 0 E7rEtra EWV £OT'7n /Cat atlTv ' 7rapE",E!Cro I, BEq."P , I rl-. '. I a' B avaTV fJPoroc;, ov, lTa",a eWID,). 'H fl-OC; 0.' a"j' '".' " ' et~ av",w a7ro!C", VOVITL V0fl-'7Ee; fJov~ rE !Cat " ,t .IE 41 6 " 165 I39~I69 you gold in plenty and woven stuffs, many splendid gifts; take these as bride-piece. So do, and then prepare the sweet marriage that is honourable in the eyes of men and deathless gods." When 8he had so spoken, the goddess put sweet desire in his heart. And Anchises was seized with love, so that he opened his mouth and said: " If you are a mortal and a woman was the mother who bare you, and Otreus of famous name is your father as you say, and if you are come here by the will of Hermes the immortal Guide, and are to be called my wife always, then neither god nor mortal man shall here restrain me till I have lain with you in love right now; no, not even if far-shooting Apollo himself should launch grievous shafts from his silver how. Willingly would I go down into the house of Hades, 0 lady, beautiful as the goddesses, once I had gone up to your bed." So speaking, he caught her by the hand. And laughter-loving Aphrodite, with face turned away and lovely eyes downcast, crept to the well-spread couch which was already laid with soft coverings for the hero; and upon it lay skins of bears and deeproaring lions which he himself had slain in the high mountains. And when they had gone up upon the well-fitted bed, first Anchises took off her bright jewelry of pins and twisted brooches and earrings and necklaces, and loosed her girdle and stripped off her bright garments and laid them down upon a silverstudded seat. Then by the will of the gods and destiny he lay with her, a mortal man with an immortal goddess, not clearly knowing what he did. But at the time when the herdsmen drive their oxen and hardy sheep back to the fold from the 417 V.-TO APHRODITE, 170-198 THE HOMEUIC HYMNS ... ", , 'A"(XtU'f} I Tt]p.D<; ap 't' ' 'I:" Vt]OU/LOV, aVTTJ O€ , '.' EUUa/LEV", 0 " EV \', 'ri "\. " 170 /LEV €7rl "("UICVV V7rVOV €XWe t XPO ('I fI , €VVVTO EI~Ta lCaAa, 0 EaOOJl ' • '1" , , 2 "0 pOU EUTt] 7rap ICI\.tUt'f}, ICEV7rOI1}TOtO /LE"a , lCa""o<; '" '" 7rapEtaoov " a7rE"a/L7rEJI ', ICVPE ICap",' 0'• f3POTOV, °I "', /.' K v 0 EpEtt]r;, ' aIL eJl " T EUTIV EUUTE."aJlOU 7raVTa 7rEpt,~,,~ XPOI Ola . 175 't: V7rVOV f1 I JI ..1 . ' ' ' ' ' I ,.. €!> T " aUE"(ElpEU E7rOr; T' " E."aT EIC T OUOJLa~EV' . ·0 PUEO, ... A apoavtot]' ~'. n, . , • " vu Vt]"(PETOJl V7rVOV tav€tr; ; ""'''''' /'' lCal' '."paual, EI Tal 0/LOIt] E"(OOU Iuoa""o/Lai ElVa I, rl r , \ .. """0" , OLt]V 0'1 /LE TO 7rPOOTOU EU 0'1' a"/LoIUI uOTJuar; ; "n r; 't'a ,/. '0' ' 0~ 0~, E5,/:: V7rVOtO /La,.. d ,,' , " , E/L/La7rEOOr; V7raICOVUEV. 18] Mr; oe rOEV OElPl/V TE lCal O/L/LaTa lCaX 'A¢pootT1lr;, , Q' \ • , .. " " Tap,..'1uEV TE lCal ouue 7rapalC"lQoJl ETpa7rEU aAA'f}' TE lCaAvyaTo lCaAa. 7rpdUOO7ra lCal /Ltv AlUU0P-EVO<; €7rEa 7rTEpdEVTa 7rpou",voa' b,y 0' aVTI<; ~Aa[V'f} • 0 " tOOv " 0." ',/,O aA/LoluIU, • " A vnlCa 0''" ru<; Ta 'TrpOOTa, Ea, 185 •E"(VOOV 00<; ' 0 EOr; ' " 't]u 0 a' uv't'" ,,, 0 ov V'1P-EpTEr; EEI7rEr;. ,"\ "\ , UE 7rpor; 'Z ' "(ovua~o/Lat 'r " a"",a t]vor; al"(tOxoIO, I ,.....,' " , 0 ' ,, /LTJ /LE ~OOVT aP-Ev"1uov EV av POO7rOlUIV EaurJ<; , V, a",,,, " " ", " E7rH\ OV 'Q " , ValEt E"'Eatp' ,..100" a"/Llor; avt]p , • 0"" ,,.. ' 0 ' ,,(1,,(VETat, or; TE Ealr; EVJla~ETat a avaTrJul. ' 0"" T ou 'A "ICVOIUTE · "(XIUt], OapUEt, /Lt]OE TI ufiut /LETa. ¢P6U£ 06[010, A[t]JI' .OEor; ' 'Tra0'E6tV lCalCou ',/::, OU" 'lap TOI'TI E!> f/LE'0 EV "(E, (fAAOOV ~lCapoov' E7rE£ ~ ¢lAor; Euul OEO;'Ut, avo • ,/.', vwr;, ". ' , ,/:: 0'01\ 0.' EUTat 't't"Or; 0<;, EV TPOOEUUIV ava!>EI •• '. • " EIC"(E"(aoVTEr;' , 8 lCal, 'TraIOEr; 7ratoEuUt ola/L7rfpEr; ... to' ':I T'I' OE lCal A'IVEtar; , oVO/L ", ,,,EUUETat, 1 3 •1-18 190 '0 v"(aTt]p ' . 'A,/. ", 't'POOITt]· ' au '0POO'TrOOV, ' lCaTaO Vt]TOOJl 'Q '. A tor; "1P-EI,..ET E7rEITa ... ff' , " OUVElCa /L aLVOJl Stepanus: apa, MSS. 2 Sikes. Baumeister: eyyeyaovTm, MSS . 195 flowery pastures, even then Aphrodite poured soft sleep upon Anchises, but herself put ou her rich raiment. And when the bright goddess had fully clothed herself, ehe stood by the couch, and her head I·eached to the well-hewn roof-tree; from her cheeks shone unearthly beauty such as belongs to rich-crowned Cytherea. Then she aroused him from sleep and opened her mouth and said: "Up, son of Dardanus I-why sleep you so heavily?-and consider whether I look as I did when first you saw me with your eyes." So she spake. And he awoke in a moment and obeyed her. But when he saw the neck and lovely eyes of Aphrodite, he was afraid and turned his eyes aside another way, hiding his comely face with his cloak. Then he uttered winged words and entreated her: " So soon as ever I saw you with my eyes, goddess, I knew that you were divine; but you did not tell me truly, Yet by Zeus who holds the aegis I beseech you, leave me not to lead a palsied life among men, but have pity on me; for he who lies with a deathless goddess is no hale man afterwards." Then Aphrodite the daughter of Zeus answered him: "A nchises, most glorious of mortal men, take courage and be not too fearful in your heart. You need fear no harm from me nor from the other blessed ones, for you are dear to the gods: and you shall have a dear son who shall reign among the Trojans, and children's children after him, springing up continually. His name shall be Aeneas,l because 1 The name Aeneas is here connected with the epithet .at",,,.,.., (I ,rievo). THE HOMERIC HYMNS " " ",'f" t:I f/ V -TO APHRODITE, 199-226 ,,. EUXEV axo~, "VE"a ",POTOV aVEpO~ efL7rEUOV evv[I' Be Ivtxt(J€ot ,~, " atE. a't' 'H " fLaA.tuTa "aTa{}V'I]Truv av{}pw7rWV I t ... VfLETEP'l]~ 'YEVE'I]~ "" 't'vr]V T€ 200 TE. TOt fL~V ,av(Jov ravvfL~BEa fL'I]TtI.'ra Z€v~ ~ ~, '1p7raUE 011 ota , "too' E£OO~ ,~~ "a",,,,o~, A' ~" , , ""{} , tV· a .allaTotut fLET€£'I] {}"' , "at T€ ""tO~ "aTa OWfLa EOt~ E7rWtllOXOEVOt, " ,~ " , l'{} , (J aVfLa £oEtV, 7rallTEUUt TEnfLElIo~ a avaTOtUt, " ... l ',I" , , {} 205 , XPVU€OV €" "P'l]T'I]pO~ a't'vuuroll lIE"Tap EPV pay. '.l. ' ,~, ,,~ proa OE 7rEV(J'~ o~ a"auTOll EXE 't'pEva~, OVoE Tt [lOEt, .l.t~ "" " ."." 07r7r'l] O£• 't' ",OV VIOll aV'1p7raUE (J'EU7rt<; ai",,,,a' 'r" '" , , , , ~,. '" ~ , TOll 0'1] E7rE1Ta 'Y0aU"E OIafL7rEp"~ 'I]~Ta 7raVTa , Z' h' N~ '" , "a£fL!7J EV<; E"''''I]UE, otoOV OE Ot• v O~ a7rOtVa, "t7r7rOV<; apU£7rooa~, " t.l. ~ TOtT' a'{}' avaTOV~ 't'0PEOVUt. , TO~ .. .. " r " . . .~ ~, 210 " O£ oropOll Eoro"€l1 EXe£lI' E£7rElI OE E"aUTa · Z'l]1I0~ lcp'l]fLOUVV[lUt Bta"iopo~ , AP'YEtcp6VT'I]~, " Eot a'{}' allaTO~ "a. a'Y'I]pro~ £ua {}" EO£U!7J. , W~ , , , ~'Z ' aVTap E7rEto'1 'l]vo~ 0 rf I". "\ ' "'\., 'Y E"",VElI a'Y'Y€",laWlI, 215 , '(J ~'.l. J ,,~ OV"ET E7T€'Ta 'Y0aU"E, 'Y€'Y'1 Et oe 't'pEva~ EVOOV, 'Y'I]{}6uvlIo~ B' T7r7TOtU!7J a€A.A.07T6BEUUtV 0XEZTO. ~n ~ 0<" av • T t {rovoll } ' Xpvuo'{}pOVO~ 'l]p7raUElI " 'H ro~, ' , ,'. ".I ..." "\. !L1 I E7rtEt"EI\oOll avallaTOtUt. >I" 0.. tfL€V " " "'.l.J K pOVtwva, ' ",'I] a£T'I]uovua "61\oatV6't'ea '{} , , " . ' I ' ' . , a allaTOll T 6tVa£ "a. ~WE!7J 'l]fLaTa 7raVTa' VfL€TEP'l]~ 'Y€lIE'I]~, ~, T[I" OE Z' , , '" 6V~ E7r€lI€VUe "al"'''~ E"P'l]'I]lIElI EEI\oOrop. '<"" \ .l. " \ , lI'T}7rt'l], ovo EVO'l]U6 fL€Ta 't'P6U' 7rOTlIta 'H ro~ "t:I ,... t..."" '1]",'1]11 aLTt)uat "vuat T a7rO ,~,~ TOll 0 '1 TOt ., , • etro~ fL"V EX611 'Ho, T6P7r6f£EIJO~ ... 'Yt)pa~ '" O",OtOll. .", "fJ 7rO"'V'I]paTO~ 'I] '1], XpViTO(JPOll'l', ~Pt'YElIEll1 220 I felt awful grief in that I laid me in the bed of a mortal man: yet are those of your race always the most like to gods of all mortal men in beauty and in stature.1 Verily wise Zeus carried off golden-haired Ganymedes because of his beauty, to be amongst the Deathless Ones and pour drink for the gods in the house of Zeus-a wonder to see-, honoured by all the immortals as he draws the red nectar from the golden bowl. But grief that could not be soothed filled the heart of Tras; for he knew not whither the heaven-sent whirlwind had caught up his deal' son, so that he mourned him always, unceasingly, until Zeus pitied him and gave him high-stepping horses such as carry the immortals as recompense for his son. These he gave him as a gift. And at the command of Zeus, the Guide, the slayer of Argus, told him all, and how his son would be deathless and unageing, even as the gods. So when Tros heard these tidings from Zeus, he no longer kept mourning but rejoiced in his heart and rode joyfully with his storm-footed horses. So also golden-throned Eos rapt away Tithonus who was of your race and like the deathless gods. And she went to ask the dark-clouded Son of Cronos that he should be deathless and live eternally; and Zeus bowed his head to her prayer and fulfilled her desire. Too simple was queenly Eos: she thought not in her heart to ask youth for him and to strip him of the slough of deadly age. So while he enjoyed the sweet flower of life he lived rapturously with golden-throned Eos, the early-born, by the streams 1 Aphrodite extenuates her disgrace by claiming that the race of AnchiBea i8 almost divine, as is shown in the persons of Ganymede. and Tithonus. 4.0 , , , I THE HOMERIC HYMNS .... Vat6 7rap 1 '("\ .. ICaA.7]~ ~, ,.. , ....,." , ulCEaVOtO f'0'[l~ €7r£ 7rEtpaO't 'Yat'T}~' ",," aVTap E7r€£ 7rpOJTat TOV 0 ", N() 7rO",ta, ICaT6XVVTO € 6tpat IC6cpaA.7]~ EU'T}'Y6VJO~ €IC '" ,...." TE 'YEV€iOV, I I "I TOt EVV'T}~ I-'€V a7rELX€TO 7rOTVta , V.-TO APHRODITE, 227-255 !:'o' "" aVTOV 0 I "\ "'\. , \ I 'H OJ~, ' 230 " aVT aTtTa",,,,€V EVt I-'€'YaPOtO'tV €xovO'a, , f . 1 ' TE ICa.' " " .otoovO'a. "" O'LTrp T "al-'fJp0O'L'[l E£I-'aTa ICa",a ',,\,,\'" to' I \ \ ... " a",,,, OTe 0"1 7ral-'7rav O'TV'YEPOV ICaTa 'Y'Ipa~ E7ret'YEV, ,'.' '.' .,.', " " OVO€ Tt ICtv'lO'at I-'e",EOJV ovvaT ovo avaetpat, A.' f . 1 , ' 'IDe DE o£ ICaTa v I-'0V apLO'T1} 'f'aLveTO fJOV",'T}' .... " '0'" '0" EV a",al-'rp ICaTE'e 'lICE, e' vpa~ .... to'" "I TOV 0 J. \fl TOt 'f'roV'7 pEEt ' • 0."'() E7rE "lICE A. 'f'aEtva~ 1" '~/ aO'7r6TO~, OVoE Tt 235 ... ICtICV~ NO'" I.", . . '",\ EO' ,01'1 7rapo~ €O'ICEV EV. 'Yval-'7rTOtO't I-'E",EO'O'tv. ' av .,., E'YOJ " 'YE O'€' TOtOV ' ' ' 'EV0 0 VIC a avaTOtO'tv 6"'OLI-''T}V I "T" a'()f avaTOv EWat ',,\ "\. J a",,,, , \ e£ I-'€V f" ~I '",\ ' 'y f" I ICaL ~W€tv '11-'aTa 7raVTa. ... "I:" " TOtOVTO~ e£Oo~ EroV I C:-I oEI-'a~ T€ "'\, 240 TE " ~OJOt~ '11-'€TepO~TE 7r00'£~ IC€IC"''T}I-'€VO~ E£'1~, ,.,.,,, "" axo~ 'A..' 'f'p€va~ ',I.. 7rVICtva~ OVIC av €7rEtTa I-' al-''f'tICa- AV7rTOt. " • , , , " " , A. VVV O€ O'E I-'€V Taxa 'Y'T}pa~ 0l-'0LtOV afL'I'tICa",v'I' 6t ,.'.1. , TO"" , 'e' V'T}A.€'E~, T 67r€tTa 7rapLO'TaTat av POJ7rOtO'tv, ',,\ ' ,,, I OV"'0l-'6VOV, ICal-'aT'Ipov, OTE O'TV'Y€OVO't , , ' , EI-'0' A VTap " "" • ' I-'6'Y OV6WO~ EV a' 0 avaTOtO'£ " 't' €O'O'€Tat '11-'aTa 7raVTa .\ , Ot 7rpLV , , ,,, EfLOV~ oapO!I~ 'e' avaTOV~ a , r.J TapfJ€O'lCoV' 0 ' EOL ()" €OtO'w \.r/ Olal-'7rEp€~ " ICa£ .... EW€ICa 0'6tO, T fL'T}T£a~, a.~ e" 245 7r6p. ' 7rOT6 7raVTa~ /:' ' I : ICaTa V'T}TTJO't 'Yvva£sL, O'vV€I-"sa \, , ~, I 7raVTa~ 'Yap EfLOV oal-'vaO'IC6 v0'll-'a. ... ~'t'\ , I " 2 ,t: .. VVV O€ 0'1 OVIC€T£ 1-'0£ O'T0l-'a X6t0'6Tat €Sov0l-"Wa£ " ' "0 avaTOtO'w, I TOVTO I-'6T a 250 e , \ '.... "'\ "\ ' " E7r€t I-'a",a 7rO",,,,OV aaO' "IV, 0 .' , Q "€vv'T} , 0" fJPOTrp 6tO'a. "\. I O'X6'T",/OV, OVIC ovoTaO'Tov, B' a7r67r",a'YX "IV O€ VOOtO, I "\ " , '0' "0 '" ' 7rawa 0." V7rO ~OJvTI E €I-''1v 1 Wolf: ~.;, MSS. ' Martin: ".,.ovaXf,"'TaI, MSS. I Clarke: OJlDTCT611, MSS. 255 of Ocean, at the ends of the earth; but when the first grey hairs began to ripple from his comely head and noble chin, queenly Eos kept away from his bed, though she cherished him in her house and nourished him with food and ambrosia and gave him rich clothing. But when loathsome old age pressed full upon him, and he could not move nor lift his limbs, this seemed to her in her heart the best counsel: she laid him in a room and put to the shining doors. There he babbles endlessly, and no more has strength at an, such as once he had in his supple limbs. I would not have you be deathless among the deathlpss gods and live continually after such sort. Yet if you could live on such as now you are in look and in form, and be called my husband, sorrow would not then enfold my careful heart. But, as it is, harsh I old age will soon enshroud you--ruthless age which stands someday at the side of every man, deadly, wearying, dreaded even by the gods. And now because of you I shall have great shame among the deathless gods henceforth, continually. For until now they feared my jibes and the wiles by which, or soon or late, I mated all the immortals with mortal women, making them all subject to my will. But now my mouth shall no more have this power among the gods; for very great has been my madness, my miserable and dreadful madness, and I went astray out of my mind who have gotten a child beneath my girdle, mating with a mortal man. I So Christ connecting the word with give = dj.4oi.oJ, ,. common to all" ?"p.~.. L. and S. THE HOMERIC HYMNS V.-TO APHRODITE, 256-285 , l ,'.' " '..1. ' 1)e",£o£O, '.,. , 'TOV /.tEV, E7T1)V 01) 7TPOJ'TOV to'l1 ,/,ao~ NV/.trpa£ /.tiP 8pl'fovaw OPEITKrfJO£ fJa8JKOA.7TO£, I~ I at.\ 'TOOE Vale'TaOVlTiP " opo~ I f.t€'Ya 'TE ~ '8eov ' ~a 8V1)'TO£~ ..." ' OV'T" a 8 ava'TO£ITiP Te' ~ OV'TE E7TOV'Ta£. o ' 'I' ' , • fJ •• "0 01}pOV /.tEV ~OJOVITI Ka. a/.t P0'TOV Ewap EoOVIT£ rIo" at p , Kat 'Te "8 I /.te'T a alJa'TO£IT£ 'TfiITI oe ~EIA.1)Vot "'rl.'" Kat '"\ \ 260 \" Ka",OlJ 'X0POlJ EppOJITaV'To. €VITK07TO~ 'AP'YElrp6V'T1)~ ,.." I /L£IT'Y0V'T EV ,/,£"'0'T'T)'Tt /LV~rp IT7TeIOJV EPO€V'TOOv. ... ~, rf , '" h' ''~ f ... 1" I f 'T'l1 IT £ a/.t 'T) E",a'Tal 1)E PV€~ V 't' IKap1)VO£ f ".I. ' , 'X OVt'fJ OO'TtaVelp?1, ' e,/,vITav €7T. 'YElv0/.tev'l1lT£v .,. f .,. 8 ' , , , • ,I. , " Ka/\,al, 'T'T)",E aOVITal, €V OVP€ITIV V 't' 'T)/\,OIITIV. f "" ''''l 'fJ 'Ii:' I f ,\' €IT'TaIT 'T)I\.I a'TOI, 'TE/L€V1} oE E KIK"'1}ITKOVIT£l) ° 8 265 '8' ,~,,! fJ \ I to- , a ava'TOOv' 'Ta~ 0 ov n P0'TOI KElpOVITI ITI01}P'l" ' " , O'TE ~ 0' " ' 8 aVa'TOIO, ' a/\,,,, ICEV O'T) /Lolpa 7Tap€ITT'T)KV '1" , " " 'Of 0 .,. , a~aVE'Tal /.t€V 7TPOO'TOV E7T1 'X OVI O€VOpEa ICa",a, 2 70 .I. '0".1. .1.8 ' 8 ' 0' " , "I' ,/,A.Oto~ 0 a/.t'/'I7TEpl'/' IVV EI, 7T£7T'TOVIT£ a7T o~o£, 8 ° " .' 8" 0/.t0V",I. , "",H7I"€' \, .I. ' " , 't'V'X1} ,/,ao~ 1}E/\,IO£O. " , , , 8 '",I,. \ rI..' " at /.tEV E/.t0V PE't'0VIT£ 7Tapa IT,/,IITIV VIOV"EYOVITal. 'TOOV OE , ~, \ ' , ,.. rf). 'TOV /.tEV E7I"']V 01} 7TPOJ'TOV e"v ligovIT[v ITO£ OEVpO aot O' €'Yw, 8Eal " E~ 7TE/.t7T'TOV " " E'TO~ aVT£~ 'TOV /.tev €7I"nV 8' 1} 'T), 275 f.t€'Td. rpPEITt 7TaV'Ta h.' to' a'Y0vITa. JI EJ\,EVITO/La£ VIOV oh 7TPW'TOV t, ':1fJ OE[gOVIT[ 'TE 7TatOa. llrppa ICE 'Tav'Ta OuiA8oo, I '\ 7TO/\'V'T)pa'TO~ roV~ 8aA.o~ ',\ 8 ',,\ orp8aA./.totITI, " 'Y'1 '1ITEI~ 0pOOOV' /.ta",a 'Yap EOEIICEI\.O~ EIT'Tat' "l:: t" , , , "1' • , as €I, avnKa ViP 7Ton ",10 V 1}VE/.t0€ITIYav. ° ' .oe f 'TI~ E'p1)'Ta, "f 1}V rI 'Tt~ 1) "," IYOI ,/,,/\,OV 'TW O€ (TV /.tv8E£a8al rp'aIYea£ 1 'TOI \ It' /.tE/LV1}/L€VO~, &)~ ITE ICEA.€6oo· N6/Lrp1}~ ICaA.VICW7TIOO~ ~IC'YOVOV I " , d",\ at 'TOOE Val€TaOVITLV opo~ ICaTa€I/L€VOV VNO' I 280 " 'av8POJ7I"OJV, ' IY€ KaTa 8 V1)'TOJV f\'" y' 8' , VLOV V7TO ,OJVV €'TO /.t1}T1)P, Matthia.: <paut, MSS. elval, 285 As for the child, as soon as he sees the light of the sun, the deep-breasted mountain Nymphs who inhabit this great and holy mountain shall bring him up, They rank neither with mortals nor with immortals: long indeed do they live, eating heavenly food and treading the lovely dance among the immortals, and with them the Sileni and the sharp-eyed Slayer of Argus mate in the depths of pleasant caves; but at their birth pines or high-topped oaks spring up with them upon the fruitful earth, beautiful, flourishing trees, towering high upon the lofty mountains (and men call them holy places of the immortals, and never mortal lops them with the axe); but when the fate' of death is near at hand, first those lovely trees wither where they stand, and the bark shrivels away about them, and the twigs fall down, and at last the life of the Nymph and of the tree leave the light of the sun together. These Nymphs shall keep my son with them and rear him, and as soon as he is come to lovely boyhood, the goddesses will bring him here to you and show you your child. But, that I may tell you all that I have in mind, I will come here again towards the fifth year and bring you my son. So soon as ever you have seen him-a scion to delight the eyes-·, you will rejoice in beholding him; for he shall be most godlike: then bring him at once to windy Ilion. And if any mortal man ask you who got your dear son beneath her girdle, remember to tell him as I bid you: say he is the offspring of one of the flower-like Nymphs who inhabit this forest-clad hill. But if you THE HOMERIC HYMNS VI.-TO APHRODITE, ,/:: w,/, 8 " /Ca."E7reVs eat a-rpovl vp,rp T'AOr'l/T£ p,'ryijva, €verrecpavrp Kv8epet'[J, ZEV~ ere XOAwerdp,evo~ flaA!e, '%AoevT£ Kepavv/jJ. , " v0'1era~, , elp'l/ral, rOl 7ravra' erv\ OE ,/, -rpeer.' er'[Jer, ",erxeo p,'l/0.' ovop,awe, , , 8"." 'I' " 290 ewv ° e71'071'1.,eo p,'l/VIV. ~n' """1.: ' , " I ~ el71'OVer 'l'se 7rpO~ ovpavov '1VEp,oevra. , , .' " 8' XaLpE, ea, K'V71'pOW EV/CT£p,EV'1~ p,EOEovera' " .' ,\ '/:: ' Q ' ., , ' erev ° eryw ap,.ap,evo~ p,Era"''1erop,al a/l,l\ov e~ iJ/Lvov. ,/::, ,~, H OE /cEV EsEt7r11~ ev . ., VI ElI APOAITHN TO APHRODITE I I f ' , \ '~I f I ., I 426 tell all and foolishly boast that you lay with richcrowned Aphrodite, Zeus will smite you in his anger with a smoking thunderbolt. Now I have told you all. Take heed: refrain and name me not, but have regard to the anger of the gods." When the goddess had so spoken, she soared up to windy heaven. Hail, goddess, queen of well-builded Cyprus! with you have I begun; now I will turn me to another hymn. VI AlSol'l/v, xpvtToerr€cpavov, /CaA~v 'AchpoUr'l/v • .7raer'1~ , K'V71'()OV /CP'1oEp,va ' . ,"EI\OryX T, EV 'l-erop,aL, '1/ ' " ff8 Z ",J It'" Ewa",'1~, 0 I p,w E-rVpOV p'EVO~ v"{pov aEvro~ ~V/l£l'EV /Cara. /CiJp,a 7rOAvcpAoterflo£O 8aAaerer'1~ achp/jJ I!Vl p,aAa/C/jJ' r~v Se 1Ipverap,7ru/Ce~ 'npat • T/:: " aer71'aerlW~, , .' ap,,,,pora 'J' Q " " OEsavr 7rEp., ° eLp,ara Eererav' \ .' , " 8 ' ,/, , " "& /Cpar. ° E7r a avar'l' errE-rav'1V evrv/Crov E '1/Cav , ' " . \ "... Q" /Ca,,'1v, xpvtTe.'1v· €V OE rp'l/rOler£ "o",Olerw •av &Ep," , , ... , 0pElxaMcoll xpverolo rE r.p,'1€vro~· • "OJ',/," ' " /Ca.\ err'1'8 Eer,v ap"{v",€OLer.v ' ,/,' 10 O€'P'[J ° ap,-r a71'a"TI iJpp,o.er. xpuereoHlw J/Coerp,Eov, oliFt 71'€P avrat on pal "oerp,E.er ' 8'1v ~pverap,71'v/c€~, 071'71'or WI€V I ... , E~ xopov tp,Efoevra €WV /Ca. owp,ara 71'arpo~. aUra.p €71'€£0'1 7ravra 71'Efi' 1IP0't /Coer /LOV 1!8'1]/Cav, 3. "& {"',~ 't" 16 'l"{oV €~ a avarou~' o. °t" '1er71'a.,ovro toovr€~ , , 't' f: ' , XeptTl r EOEs£Owvro /Ca. '1P'1eravro E/Caerro~ • 0'. " 0'" E.va. /COUpLOt'l]V ailoxov Kal\ O£/Cao a"{Eer &at, Eloo~ 8aup,a~ovr€~ loerr€cpavov KV&EP€t'l]~. I " , " 1-18 I WILL sing of stately Aphrodite, gold-crowned and beautiful, whose dominion is the walled cities of all sea-set Cyprus. There the moist breath of the western wind wafted her over the waves of the loudmoaning sea in soft foam, and there the goldfilleted Hours welcomed her joyously. They clothed her with heavenly garments: on her head they put a fine, well-wrought crown of gold, and in her pierced ears they hung ornaments of orichalc and precious gold, and adorned her with golden uecklaces over her soft neck and snow-white breasts, jewels which the gold-filleted HoUl's wear themselves whenever they go to their father's house to join the lovely dances of the gods. And when they had fully decked her, they brought her to the gods, who welcomed her when they saw her, giving her their hands. Each one of them prayed that he might lead her home to be his wedded wife, so greatly were they amazed at the beauty of violet-crowned Cytherea. .1 'I " ! i VII.-TO DIONYSUS, THE HOMERIC HYMNS 20 TO DIONYSUS EI~ ~IONT~ON ~U;)lJv(J"ov, ~fP.€A'YJ~ EpU<:VOeO~ I p.v'YJ(J"op.at, , ... f',J... I W~ €'f'av'YJ {.J..,.... ,t aKTTJ €7Tt 7I"POfJ"'YJTL 71" pro()~/3TJ' , KVaV€aL, Kai\at ,/," 'f'apo~ ,J...' ~, oe , 7I"apa 5 , ()".," OW~ • T VP(J"1]VOL'"~. TOV~ 0 'YJ'YE ....... '... " .. KaKO~ P.opo~· Taxa 0 eA6vTE~ E7I"t <J'¢ETEP'YJ~ V1]O~ €I<J'av \' ~, .~, ,0. O€ LOOVT€~ (). €K opOV. '",~' aL'f a 0 10 K€XaP1]P.EVOt 1]TOp. ~ .,/, €7I"L o£vo7l"a 7I"OVTOV, ,~ a"''''1]'''ov~, , I fOLKW~, , Q ". • <J'TLfJapOL~ EXEV WP.OL~ t""t' 1 ',,\ '" 0 avop€~ fV<J'<J'E",P.OV a7l"O V1]O~ ,"'1]L<J'TaL, 7I"p0'YeVOVTO , " ',,\ \ , I aTpV'Y€TOLO a",o~ "to" V€'YJVLTJ aVOpL 7I"EpL 7I"OP'f' vp €OV'. Taxa " , V€V<J'av €~ (J"" W vl6v, oe 7TfPL<J'<J'€[OVTO l()€LpaL, I ,/,' Q ... ' VLOV 'Yap P.W €'f'aVTO OtGTpE'f'eruv fJaUt",'YJwv €tvaL Kat C€<J'P.O'~ (f()€MV OE'V ap'YaA€ot<J'L. ,~". TOV 0 ~ ' XELPWV ... ' N" OVK LuxaVE OE<J'p.a, "'V'YOL 0 7I"'i7TTOV ~C~ 7I"OCWV' " , op.p.a<J't KVaV€OtUL' & , a7TO T'YJAOU€ oe f.1-EtC"Iwv EK&B'YJTO Q'~" KVfJEPV'YJT'f)~ Of vO'YJ(J'a~ "I" ~ €TapOLULv aVTLKa 0 15 " " ' \ , l .'f'WV1]U€V .' I EK€K",f'TO 'TE' e'. ' (). " ' A , , '" u.aLp.OVlOL, TLva 'TOVO€ €aV O€<J'P.€VE €"'OVT€~, , '!::" A.' '\;'1 I .., I Kap'T€pOV; OUO€ 'f'€P€LV OUVa'TaL p.tv V'IV~ W€P'Y'7~' • 'Yap , Z' fI ~ \ .", I f: O~ 'A 7I"O",,,,ruv ' ...... 1] €V~ OOE 'Y" E<J''TW 1] ap'Yupo'TO~ ~e IIou€Loawv' E7I"et Hail, sweetly-winning, coy-eyed goddess! Grant that I may gain the victory in this contest, and order you my song. And now I will remember you and another song also. VII VII 'Ap.cpl 1-20 au (JV1]TO'iUL /3POTO'i<J'LV 20 I WILL tell of Dionysus, the son of glorious Semele, how he appeared on a jutting headland by the shore of the fruitless sea, seeming like a stripling in the first flush of manhood: his rich, dark hair was waving about him, and on his strong shoulders he wore a purple robe. Presently there came swiftly over the sparkling sea Tyrsenian 1 pirates on a well-decked ship-a miserable doom led them on. When they saw him they made signs to one another and sprang out quickly, and seizing him straightway, put him on board their ship exultingly; for they thought him the son of heaven-nurtured kings. They sought to bind him with rude bonds, but the bonds would not hold him, and the withes fell far away from his hands and feet: and he sat with a smile in his dark eyes. Then the helmsman understood all and cried out at once to his fellows and said: "Madmen! what god is this whom you have taken and bind, strong that he is? Not even the wellbuilt ship can carry him. Surely this is either Zeus or Apollo who has the silver bow, or Poseidon, for he looks not like mortal men but like the gods 1 Probably not Etruscans, but the non-Hellenio peoples of Thrace and (according to Thucydides) of Lemnos and Athens. Cp. Herodotus i. 57; Thucydides iv. 109. VII.-TO DIONYSUS, 21-48 THE HOMERIC HYMNS '"" '0" ' ~ , , €XOUlItV, " a"",a €OL~, O.~ '0" ",ufl!Trta oWfLaT , " ',J.... "" , a",,,, a'Y€T, aUTOV a't'wfL€v £OTr 'l7r€LpOtO fL€AaLV'l~ , , - \ x€£pa~ " - '"'' ' avnKa' fL'lo.- €7Tt La",,,,€T€, fL'l' n XOAW 0 €L~ " "" ,,\' "l 'f"\. , opuV €7T ap'Ya",€OU~ T aV€fLou~ Kat AaL",a7Ta 7TOAA'lV, '" EL"€"'O~, ',\,,\'" "n~ 't'aTO' ,J.' \ TOV t"" 0 apxo~ ,.. , '0 I UTU'Y€P'P 'lVL7Ta7TE fLU 'P' 25 '" , E"K€O V110~ . ' avop€uu, •• avr f'. I oaLfLoVL, OupOV opa, afLa 0 tunov , 0' O7T"a d" "I\.U-(3wV' , d. 0.' uUfL7Tav OO€ ~ d d .', fL€A~UEt, "" 7TofL at, '1• A"t'Y V7TT OV a't'L.€TaL - , / , ' 1 :1] ' 0 'Y€ K' €,, U7TpOV • "T (3' "f , ,t' \ "'\ , '1 €~ 7T€P OP€OV~ 1] €KaUT€pW' E~ De T€",eVT'lV d " ""'" ,J.',,\ I I E" 7TOT" epEL aVTOV TE 't'L"'OV~ "at'\ KT'lfLaTa 7raVTa 30 d " · l ' " " ( 3 " . ' ov~ TE KauL'YV'lToV~, E7TE 'lfLUJ EfL a,,6 oatfLwv, \tl!f"'\. , ~ eL7rWV tUToV T€ Kat Lunov 6 ",K€TO V'l0~' " ~, " , t I , A. \ t" " , ~ 6fL7TVEVU€V 0 aV6fLo~ fL6UOV tunov' afL't't 0 ap 07rAa "n"'" , I ~I '" ,,#.., 0 ' " "aTTavvuaV'Taxa 06 U't'LV e't'aLV6TO aVfLaTa 6P'Ya, • , , 0" ' " f" OWO~ fLev 7TpWrLUTa O'lV ava v'la fL€",aLVaV 35 '.' "'1"'." .,-~, €vw0'l~, WPVVTO 0 oOfL'l - (pOUL'l' 3 ' vaVTa~ , ."'/''''(3 , '''' afL De Ta't'0~ ",a € 7TaVTa~ LOOVTa~, 'l0V7TOTO~ "€,,,apv~ " aunKa t'" 0 , \ t I 't: 0 I a"pOTaTOV 7Tapa tunov €.€TaVVU 1] • " EV " 0a "aL' Eva, " 0 KaTEKp'lfLVWVTO " .De ' 7TOAAOt\ afL7r€"'O~ ' , A..' f , t" If" , (3OTPV€~' afL't' tUTOV DE fLEAa~ €tALUU€TO KtuUo~, "0 EUt 'T'J",E "0'awv, xapL€t~ , 0. " \ Kap7TO~ ' "OpWpEt' av €7Tt 7TaVT€~ 06 uKaAfLot uTe¢avov~ ~XOV' l06vTE~, .. , "t'"1 'tl~" "J/ l-t.. 40 or OE V'l ')0'1 TOT E7T€tTa K,,!-,EPV'lT'lV EKe/\,fiVOV ,,' "0 0~'" , / , ,",EWV , , l ' EVOO " • 0 t V'l0~ ' 'YTI" 7re",aav' apa U't'L 'YeVET ~ , " , , l . ' "(3 , .'" oeLVO~ €7T a"pOTaT1]~, fLe'Ya 0 6 paxev, ev 0 apa , fLeuuV J/ " "\. ' , ;1..' ap"Tov E7TOL'lUEV ",aULavxeva, u'lfLaTa 't'aLVwv' • .'. "" ' N'", " av 0 EUT'l fL€fLavta' "ewv 0 E7Tt U€"'fLaTO~ aKpov • , v7Toopa , ' . LOWV' ,,,, Ot,'"'' , ',/,'(30 o€£VOV 0 E~ 7TPVfLV11V E't'0 '1 €V, 1 Hermann: oorrupted). 43 0 ,.~ a' ~a'1' M (other MSS, &1'0 further (5 who dwell on Olympus. Come, then, let us set him free upon the dark shore at once: do not lay hands on him, lest he grow angry and stir up dangerous winds and heavy squalls." So said he : but the master chid him with t,mnting words: " Madman, mark the wind and help hoist sail on the ship: catch all the sheets. As for this fellow we men will see to him: I reckon he is bound for Egypt or for Cyprus or to the Hyperboreans or further still, But in the end he will speak out and tell us his friends and all his wealth and his brothers, now that providence has thrown him in our way." When he had said this, he had mast and sail hoisted on the ship, and the wind filled the sail and the crew hauled taut the sheets on either side. But soon strange things were seen among them. First of all sweet, fragrant wine ran streaming throughout all the black ship and a heavenly smell arose, so that all the seamen were seized with amazement when they saw it. And all at once a vine spread out both ways along the top of the sail with many clusters hanging down from it, and a dark ivy-plant twined about the mast, blossoming with flowers, and with rich berries growing on it; and all the thole-pins wer" covered with garlands. When the pirates sawall this, theh at last they bade the helmsman to put the ship to land. But the god changed into a dreadful lion there on the ship, in the bows, and roared loudly: amidships also he showed his wonders and created a shaggy bear which stood up ravening, while on the forepeak was the lion glaring fiercely with scowling brows. And so the sailors fled into the 43 1 ; , :'! THE HOMERIC HYMNS VIII.-TO ARES, '.I.' "V fJ €Pll"rr1)11 ' ~, rrao't'polla ',k 8 ' "€X Ollra aft't't O€ Vft0ll II JI " i\ I '" t-'- 'l: ' , I €urall ap €"7r 1)'Y€IIr€~' 0 0 E<;a7rtll1)~ €7ropovua~ 50 , \ ~, \\ t'\ 8' 1": ' , 'f: I apxoll €I\., Do DE Vpa,,€ "a"oll ft0POII €<;ai\vollr€~ If.... I~ " )It' , fI !::' .... 7rallr€~ 0ll-W~ 7r1)o1)Uall, E7l"€t tVOII, €t~ ai\a otall, 15€i\cp'illE~ 15' J'Yellollro' "vfJ€pII~r1)II 8' €'i\€~ua~ " 8 € "at. fttll €"81)"€ 7l"allO' i \ £Oil fJ" euxe €t7l"€ r€ ftV 8 011' ®apu€t,t 8'i€ drwpt, rip €ftip "€Xaptuftell€ 8vll-c';)' 55 , \ .' , , A , , '(3 • t • €tft, 0 E'YW I..l.tollVUO~ Ept p0ll-0~' UII TE"e Il-rl r 1)P Kaoft1)l~ "J.e~A1) ~td~ JII cptA6r1)rt ftt'Y€'iua. X atpe, " rE"O~ , ...: ,'. '.' 7r1) €UTt " ... eft€'A1)~ EVW7rtoO~' OVOE ", rye A1)8'01l-€II011 ry A " '. ' rr€£O V"€P1)11 ' "00' ft1)uat aoto1]V. stem and crowded bemused about the right-minded helmsman, until suddenly the lion sprang upon the master and seized him; and when the sailors saw it they leapt out overboard one and all into the bright sea, escaping from a miserable fate, and were But on the helmsman changed into dolphins. Dionysus had mercy and held him back and made him altogether happy, saying to him: "Take courage, good ... ; you have found favour with my heart. I am loud-crying Dionysus whom Cadmus' daughter Semele bare of union with Zeus." Hail, child of fair-faced Semele! He who forgets you can in no wise order sweet song. VIn VIII EI"J. APEA TO ARES "A 'fJ ' , P€<; 'V7r€pll-€v€ra, ptuapftarE, xpVrr€07r1)A"'~, '(3 '8.1.' , 0 ° ptft Vft€, 't'€parr7rt, 7rOAtrruoe, XaMo"opvrrra, , " c:8 ' €P"o~ ' 0 ' "apr€poX€tp, aft0ry."rE, ooptrr EII€~, AVft7l"OV, N t'(1)~ ' " " EV7rOl\.€ft0to 7rarep, uVllapwry€\ ®' H €ft turo <;, H ' f J 'tOtut rvpavv€, , • , " cpwrwv, " allrt ot"atorarwII aryE , I ... " ,/ '7110P€'7~ u"'77rrOVXE, 7rvpavry€a "V"AOV €AtUUWV , , 1\' "8 " at'8'€Po~ €7rra7ropot~ ~II, r€tp€utv, €II a UE 7rWAOt "'..1..,,\ I , f \ JI " " ,:>a't'I\.€ry€E~ rptrar'7~ V7r€P allrvryo~ at€II €XOvrrt· '"8 t, fJ porwlI " €7r,"OVP€, , , • \ €V'8 apu€O~ ' 1 '7fJ.,,<;, H ""V oor'7p , "fJ I, ','·'8 ' f J ' V 7rP'7 "arauTt", Wll u€",a~ v 'Y €V €~ tor."ra f I " d tI '7ft€r€P'7v "at" "apro~ ap'7tov, W~ IC€ OVllatft1JII '8 ' "a7r " €ftotO . . "ap'7" I u€varr at "a"or'7ra 7rtICP'7V OV , \ .,. " ' '" ' . , . . 1 . ' " "a, 'Y vX'f}<; a7rar'f}"ov V7roryllaft'Y at 't'p€Utll OPIl-'711, 1 1I: fltO"AfdJ "flourilhing," ET. ° 5 10 1-13 ARES, exceeding in strength, chariot-rider, goldenhelmed, doughty in heart, shield-bearer, Saviour of cities, harnessed in bronze, strong of arm, unwearying, mighty with the spear, 0 defence of Olympus, father of warlike Victory, ally of Themis, stem governor of the rebellious, leader of righteous men, sceptred King of manliness, who whirl your fiery sphere among the planets in their sevenfold courses through the aether wherein your blazing steeds ever bear you above the third finnament of heaven; hear me, helper of men, giver of dauntless youth! Shed down a kindly ray from above upon my life, and strength of war, that I may be able to drive away bitter cowardice from my head and crush down the deceitful impulses of my soul. Restrain 433 X.-TO APHRODITE THE HOMERIC HYMNS OUP.OU...,,, T au I , t' ' I Os U KaTtax€jU:V, r:f' , 'B p. €P€ [lin UA-67rd;o~ KPU€pfj~ E7rt(3awJp.€v· aA-A-a CTV BapCTo~ 15 " '/ , '" 0 €CTP.Ot~ • o~, p.aKap, €tp"lV"I~ T€ P.€V€W €V a7T"IP.OCTt OUCTP.€vJwV 7rpor/>U'Y6vTa p.6Boll Kfjpt£~ T€ (3ta£ou~. fL€vo~ o~ t IX EI~ IX TO ARTEMIS APTEMIN "APT€P.W UP.V€t, " M OUCTa, " / 'E' KaCTt'YlI'lT'lV KaTOiO. A. 'A ' ' " 7Tap BEVOV LOy€atpav, OP.OTP0".,OV 7rOA-AWVO~, ',f (3a 0 UUyowotO ' M €A-"ITO~ ' 'l"0' "!7r7rOU~ apuaCTa f , " '" 0 ' '<" . ?' d .' plp.".,a ota ""P.upv"I~ 7ra'YXPUCTEOV app.a otWK€£ ,E~ K'"apOlJ , ,ap.7T€"O€UCTaV, , / "B' , , r:: ' 0 ap'YupOTOsO~ 'A 7TOA-A-WV • 'I'" (3'''' ' , 'lCTTai p.tp.va~wv €KaT'l o"ov tox€atpav. 6 ' " " 0 ' 0' • " ' 0 " \ , K a. uu P.€V OUTW Xatp€ €a£ ap.a 7TaCTat aOLO'fr Iii:' " aVTap €'Yw CT6 7TpWTa Kat €K UE'0" EV apx0p.' Ja€IOelV, CT€V"'~""t::' 0 e'Yw ap,>ap.€vo~ p.6Ta (3''''~ 'lCTop.al aA-AOV H Uf-I-VOV. , , , I ,., " x EI~ 1 All MSS. save M which h... xa,p' ",dKalpa, Ku8~P1/" " hail, bl.aaed one, (queen of) Cyth.r..... 434 MUSE, sing of Artemis, sister of the Far-shooter, the virgin who delights in arrows, who was fostered with Apollo. She waters her horses from Meles deep in reeds, and Swiftly drives her all-golden chariot through Smyrna to vine-clad Claros where Apollo, god of the silver bow, sits waiting for the far-shooting goddess who delights in arrows. And so hail to you, Artemis, in my song and to all goddesses as well. Of you first I sing and with you I begin; now that I have begun with you, I will turn to another song. X APOAITHN KU7TP0'Y€vfj KuBJp€tav aeLCTop.ai, 1/T€ (3POTO'iCT£ LA- a 0" 8'8 ,,,,, • " 8' , p.t; \ tX 0 r:'pa ~ ~o;t~' €"., , tp.Be~T'f'.~ 7T POCTW7T 'f' ale, p.€wtae, Ka, €"., If-I-€PTOV €el allUo~. Xa'ip€, B€a, !'aA:ap.'ivo~ 1 €VKTtf-l-JV'I~ p.€OI:ovCTa , " .' 00'"If-I-€pO€CTCTaV aOlo'lv. '0 , €wa"I"I~ T€ K' U7rPOU' oo~ , ~ " , ,., \ "" '" (10 .... aUTap eryw Kat CT€LO Kat a",,'l~ P.V'lCTOp. ao£O"I~. also the keen fury of my heart which provokes me to tread the ways of blood-curdling strife. Rather, o blessed one, give you me boldness to abide within the harmless laws of peace, avoiding strife and hatred and the violent fiends of death. '1'0 APHRODITE 5 OF Cytherea, born in Cyprus, I will sing. She gives kindly gifts to men: smiles are ever on her lovely face, and lovely is the brightness that plays over it. Hail, goddess, queen of well-built Salamis and seagirt Cyprus; grant me a cheerful song. And uow [ will remember you and another song also. 435 XIII.-TO DEMETER THE HOMERIC HYMNS XI XI EI! A®HNAN TO ATHENA IIaAAao' 'A81Jva£1Jv €PVUi7rTOAtV l1pX0fl-' ~ , '!l• UVII \ ~AP1Jt fl-€/\'6t '" 7r0/\'6fl-1]ta " "6p,,/a 06tV'YJV, , ' , ,- I ',,\ - a6£o6w, , 7r€P 8ofl-€Vat '1"6 7rOA'Y]6<; aVT1] T6 7rTO""'fl-0t T6, , , " " KatI T" €ppVUaTO AaOIl £OVTa Til IItUUOfl-€1I01l T6. " 8'~'·'" , , ~, Xatp6, €a, 00<; afl-fl-t TVX1JV 6voatfl-ollt1J1I TE. ° 6 I; OF Pallas Athene, guardian of the city, I begin to sing. Dread is she, and with Ares she loves deeds of war, the sack of cities and the shouting and the battle. It is she who saves the people as they go out to war and come back. Hail, goddess, and give us good fortune with happiness! XII XII EI! HPAN TO HERA , ,~ Xpvuo'8POIIOV",V AT€K6 ' 'P' Hp1]11 a€WOO €t1J, , 1 (:)' f ' .,~ " a8allaTOOII fJaUtA6tall, V7r€tpOXOV €£OO<; exovuav, ', ·' ' .a/\,0xoll , ' Te, ept,,/oOV7roto KaUt,,/II1JT1JII Z1]VO<; • ' '1)V . ', KVOP1JV, 7raIlT€<; fl-aKap€<; KaTa" fl-aKPOII ·0'/\,Vfl- 7rOV a~6fl-€lIot T£OVUtll 0fl-W<; 6.t1 Tllp7rtK€pavII'I" 5 I BING of golden-throned Hera whom Rhea bare. Queen of the immortals is she, surpassing all in beauty: she is the sister and the wife of loudthundering Zeus,-the glorious one whom all the blessed throughout high Olympus reverence and honour even as Zeus who delights in thunder. XIII XIII TO DEMETER EI! 6.HMHTPAN , " I , 8 eav, ' "apX0fl-" aewetV, I~ 6.1Jfl-'7T1JP '1)VK0fl-0Il, uefl-II1Jv aiJ'T~1I Kat KOVP'Y]II, 7r6ptKaAAJa IIepu€cpolletall. Xa'ip€, 8ea, Kal 'I"~lIoe uaOV 7rOAW' liPX6 aoto1]<;. , ." it I I BEGIN to sing of rich-haired Demeter, awful goddess, of her and of her daughter lovely Persephone. Hail, goddess! Keep this city safe, and govern my song. Matthiae: 1>.6".dn,., MSS. 437 THE HOMERIC HYMNS XV.-TO HERACLES THE LION-HEARTED XIV XIV E1$ MHT8PA ®EnN TO THE MOTHER OF THE GODS , 0PW7l"(u" ' ' M 1)Tfpa fLOt 7l"uVTWV T€ 8' ewv 7l"aVTWV T "av " vfLvet, M" oVlTa ' A ' "t'Yeta, uta, 1',,\ 0 ' v'YaT1JP " . , " fLe'Ya"Qto, I [} ICpoTa"wv TV7l"aVWV T ,aX1J ITVV Te fJ' " .. pOfLo, av"wp "~'n,' - . ' xap07l"wv " T€ -. ' evaoev '10e "VICWV IC"a'Y'Y'1 "eOVTWV " , '" \ f,,\ I Jf "\. 5 ovpea T '1X1JeVTa Kat V"1JevTe,> €vav"ot. K at\ , \ ff ... lTV fLfV OVTW xatpe Beat'B' rI ~ .. t ,.. afLa 7ralTat aowl1. xv XV EI$ HPAKAEA AEONTO®TMON TO HERACLES THE LION-HEARTED 'HpaKAea, ' Ato'> ' f' aEtlTOfLat, " i 'YetvaT' €7l"tXOoviwv ®~(311' ~vt KaAAtxopOtlTtV 'AAKfL~vrJ fLtxOe'ilTa KeAalVerpJt Kpoviwvt· • 7rptV " fkEV ICaTa,'Yatav , 'a 0'EIT'I-'aTOV ,j.. .~, 0, 'IDE y' 7l" Aa"ofLfVo, 0a"aO"O"av " "" 0 ' "avat 1 7r0fL7l"l1O"lV V7l"'E' "upUO"y)o,> , , ., "t " 0 -. ,,\ 7l"OAAa fLEV aUTO,> epe.,ev aTaO" a"a, 7l"o/\,,,a lW€TA1J·2 0' 0 , 0'" 0 \,' "0 ,j.. , '0'"VfL7l"OV ' vuv 0 1Jv1J KaTa Ka"ov eoo, Vt't'0eVTO,> vaiet TEp7r6fLeVO, Kat €XfL Kail.AiO"rpvpov "H(31Jv. ava .. , A' to, VtE' 0.'" 'ET1JV TE ICa1 "t " .owov '. • X atpe, a, 8;>"(3ov. Mm.t MSS.: 'ff",.,p.a{v~'T· a.f8AE{,r»II <:3.> • Most MSS.: l(oxm tP'Ym, M. 1 I PRITHEE, clear-voiced Muse, daughter of mighty Zeus, sing of the mother of all gods and men. She is well-pleased with the sound of rattles and of timbrels, with the voice of flutes and the outcry of wolves and bright-eyed lions, with echoing hills and wooded coombes. And so hail to you in my song and to all goddesses as weill KpR'TaUIH, M. I WILL sing of Heracles, the son of Zeus and much the mightiest of men on earth. Alcmena bare him in Thebes, the city of lovely dances, when the darkclouded Son of Cronos had lain with her. Once he used to wander over unmeasured tracts of land and sea at the bidding of King Eurystheus, and himself did many deeds of violence and endured many; but now he lives happily in the glorious home of snowy Olympus, and has neat-ankled Hebe for his wife. Hail, lord, son of Zeus I Give me success and prosperity. 439 I I TIlE HOMERIC XVlII.-TO HERMES, 1-7 HYMN~ XVI XVI Ell: A~KAHIIION TO ASCLEPIUS '1 T}'T'YJpa ~ 1 'A"\ ,,, , , ItVOfTrov fTIC"''YJ7r£OV apx0p. a€LO€W, " 'A 7ro/\,/"rovor;, I ... ., , , ' ~"Koprovtr; ' lJtOV 'TOV €'Y€wa'To oia D.ro'Tlrp €V 7r€Slrp, ICOVP'YJ au,bjj. 6 XVII Ell: D.IO~KOTPOTl: 71 ... ~'·"aEtueo, M~"" 1>..afT'Topa ICaL\IIo",lJO€lJIC€ OlJfTa ",L'Yeta, Tvvoaploar;, of Z'1v?Jr; ·OAlJp.7rlolJ €~e'YlvovTO' \ • 'T'1V'YETOlJ .. 1 .l, ~ 1 1 A ,~ ICoplJ't'!lr; TEICe 7rOTVta'10'1 AaOP"! {J7roop."!Oe'iua ICeAaw€<M£ Kpovlwvt. ' T lJVOapLoat, ~,~ I .€7r£fj ,,!Toper; 1 " X aLpeT6, 'Taxerov t7r7rrov. 6 TOlJr; lJ7t'O XVIII EI~ EPMHN I BEGIN to sing of Asclepius, son of Apollo and healer of sicknesses. In the Dotian plain fair Coronis, daughter of King Phlegyas, bare him, a great joy to men, a soother of cruel pangs. And so hail to you, lord: in my song I make my prayer to thee! XVII TO THE DIOSCURI SING, clear-voiced Muse, of Castor and Polydeuces, the Tyndaridae, who sprang from Olympian Zeus. Beneath the heights of Taygetus stately Leda bare them, when the dark-clouded Son of Cronos had privily bent her to his will. Hail, children of Tyndareus, riders upon swift horses! XVIII TO HERMES I BING of Cyllenian Hermes, the Slayer of Argus, lord of Cyllene and Arcadia rich in flocks, luckbringing messenger of the deathless gods. He was born of Maia, the daughter of Atlas, when she had mated with Zeus,-a shy goddess she. Ever she avoided the throng of the blessed gods and lived in a shadowy cave, and there the Son of Cronos used to lie with the rich-tressed nymph at dead 44' THE HOMERIC HYMNS • /CaTa' .'Y"'V/CV~ . . ' V7rVO~ ~ • ... '... "II. Pl]V' EWE ex,0t ",EU/CW",eVov ...",av , 0aVE 0~"O' 0 ' 8 " , 8pW7rOV~. ' a avaTov~ TE 60V~ Vl]TOV~ T av '" "A ' /Cat'M'~ " K at' O'V, f£€V OVTW xatp6, ""to~ ataoo~ VI€' 10 " .' " 'I:' (3' .......' 1I6V 0 6'YW ap,.af£6VO~ f£€Ta 1]0'of£at a",/"ov €~ ~ Vf£VOV. [Xat:p'. 'Epf£r, XaptOWTa, OUi/CTOPE, OWTOP EUWV. 1] XIX EI~ IIANA 'A,/.,' ',/.,'''' " " f£'j't f£Ot 'EPf£EtaO ."t"'OV 'Y0VOV 6VVE7TE, M ovO'a. , ,< ~, ,/., ... ' ". " , al'Yt7r0o'TJV, ot/CepWTa • ."t"O/CPOTOV. OUT aVa 7r10''TJ OEVOP1/EVT' I1f£VOt~ cpomi xop0'Y'TJ0JO't vilf£cpat~, rt "', I '(3 , al TE /CaT al'Yt"17rO~ 7reTP'TJ~ O'T€I OVO't /Cap'TJva " , , ... ' , 0 " . . . '0 II av ava/C€/C"'Of£€vat, VOf£WV €OV, a'Y"a€ EtPOV, 6 " 0 ' . . I ",,\fA. ,1..' ,,\',,\ avx,/k'TJEV ,o~ 7raVTa ",o."OV VI."O€VTa ",e",0'YX€ ,/.,'"0pewv /CIM 7rETpl]6VTa ' , !Cal /C0pv'I'.a<; /Cap'TJva. ,/., "<'"0 '"0 ~,., , ."OIT'f 0 6V a /Cal €V a ota pW7T'TJ1a 7rv/Cva, "'" - f£€V " 'p61 0'(JOIO'W e."e"'!C0f£6VO<; ,,/.,..., ..." (t"""'JT6 f£a",a!CoIO'W, " , . . . I " , (3 , • " 10 a""OT€ 0 av 7T6TPTlO'W ev 'TJ"I aTOtO'I OIOIX,V€£, " A" , , , \ ' , (3' aKpoTaT'TJV ICOPV."l]V f£'TJI\AJO'IC07TOV EIO'ava aLVWV. <" , < ,< " , , ... ' 7rO",,,,aICI 0 ap'YLVO€VTa oleopaf£6V ovp6a f£aICpa, ...... ' 0~" ev ICV'TJ/kOIO'I " .ollJ"aO'e '... 8"l]pa~ evatpWV, " 7ro",,,,alCt '1:' to-' I to'" "''\. " o"ea oeplCof£€vo~' TOTe 0 eO'7T€pO~ 6/C",a'Y6V owv )/ 't: I ~ I f f ' " '0·' 15 ay~'TJ~ e"avlwv, oovalCwv V7rO f£ovO'av a vpwv , ,." I I" VI] vf£ov' OVIC av TOV 'YE 7rapaOpaf£01 ev f£eAe€O'O'lv II rI'" "\ 0" ,"\. OpVI~, lJT eapo~ 7ro",vav eo~ 6V 7r6Ta"OtO'I Opr,vov €7Tt7TpoXJOVO" aXJet 2 f£eXt'Y'TJPVV aOI01/V. CTOV O'CPW TOTe Nilf£cpal opEO'TlaOe~ AI'Y6f£OA7r01 -, , Oe XIX.-TO PAN, 1-19 of night, while white-armed Hera lay bound in sweet sleep: and neither deathless god nor mortal man knew it. And so hail to you, Son of Zeus and !\faia; with you I have begun: now I will turn to another song! Hail, Hennes, giver of grace, guide, and giver of good things! XIX TO PA~ MUSE, tell me about Pan, the dear son of Hennes, with his goat's feet and two horns-a lover of merry noise. Through wooded glades he wanders with dancing nymphs who foot it on some sheer ('liff's edge, calling upon Pan, the shepherd-god, longhaired, unkempt. He has every snowy crest and the mountain peaks and rocky crests for his domain; hither and thither he goes through the close thickets, now lured by soH streams, and now he presses on amongst towering crags and climbs up to the highest peak that overlooks the flocks. Often he courses through the glistening high mountains, and often on the shouldered hills he speeds along slaying wild beasts, this keen-eyed god. Only at evening, as he returns from the chase, he sounds his note, playing sweet and low on his pipes of reed: not eVel] she could excel him in melody-that bird who in flower-laden spring pouring forth her lament utters honey-voiced song amid the leaves. At that hour the clear-voiced nymphs are with him and move \ This line appears to be an alternative to II. 10-11. Ilgen: i..-nrpox'ovaG X''', ~lSS. I 442 0443 THE HOMERIC HYMNS XIX.-TO PAN, 20-45 A. ~ , , " , ,/,OtTroO"at. 7TVKa 7TOO"O"£IJ E7T' KP'r}V'[) fl-E i\'~ avvop'!' 20 'i\ ,I.. \ ~\ ' ' ' ' H ' /Le 7TOV'Tat· KOpV,/,'r}V oe 7T6p£O"TEVe£ ovpeo~ Xro' ~ , W0 ~ , oa£fl-rov 0N EV aKa. ev 0a xoprov, TOTE, 0~" e~ fl-€rrOV ~ ep7Trov, 7TVKVlt 7Torrlv o£e7TE£, A.a'icpo~ 0' e7T~ vwm oacpowov 'wEXE£, ..I\.l'YVp,[)o"£V ~ " i \ '0fl-evo~ ,/,pEva A.' ~ i\ V'YKO~ a'Yal\. fl-O i\ 7Ta£~ ev fl-ai\aKii> A.E£/1>WV£, T60£ Kp6KO~ ~o' MKW8o~ 25 "~ 8i\'0 ' W , 6VroO'r}~ a e rov KaTa/1>£rr'YETat aKp£Ta 7TO£'[). 'T/1>VEvrrw O~ 8EOV~ /1>aKapa~ Ka~ /1>aKpOv "Oi\V/1>7TOV' .' 0' 'EP/1>E£'r}V ' eptovvtov , , WI:: O&OV 6\>0XOV a"i\i\ rov " fd'rf 0~8'" ," EO"'T£, evvE7Tov, ro~ 0 'Y a7Tarrt EO£~ OO~ a'Y'YEl\.o~ ~, , {(;a l p.." 0 'Y" E~ 'A pKao£'r}V 7TOi\'~ V7TwaKa, /1>'r}T€pa 'w fl-~A.rov, e '1::' '" ES£KET, EV a " TEl O£ " , EO"'T£V. , , TEfl-Evor; K VI\.I\.'r}VWV 30 " 0' 0" ry6 Ka£, 8' '1\ ... I...,J.' ....... ' €V0fl-EVEV , , EV eor; rov 'I' a,/,apoTp,xa fl-'r}1\. ,avop. ~, 7Tapa , 8V'1T,!,' ~ O'i\ ' '8 ' , , i\0'rov a E 'Yap 7TO or; VYPO~ €7TE vVfl-Cp,[) €V7T i\oKafl-'!' fj.pv07TO~ cp£A.6T'r}'T£ fl-t'Yijva£' '~"'i\ ' O \' , E{(; 0 ETE eO"O"e 'Yafl-OV a i6pOV. Te{(;e 0~" ev fl-6- , 35 'Yapo£O"w 'E pfl-6£'[) ' '/'£ A.'i\ov VIOV, ~, "At ' 'tol a,/,ap TepaTro7Tov tO€O" cu, al'Ym6o'r}v, otKlproTa, CP£A.6KPOTOV, i}ovY€AroTa' cpev'Y6 I)' uvat,aO"a, i\[7Tev I)' IJpa 7Ta'ioa H8'JvT} ~ ... I f J'~ ".'I'. 1...W afl-e£ " i \£XOV, '1VY€VElOV. " 06£0"6 'Yap, ror; toev TOV I)' aZt' 'Ep/1>etar; eptovvtor; 61r; xepa 8ijK6 o 1::' 0" , 0' oe\>afl-evo~, XatpEV DE VO'!' 7Teptwrrta oat/1>wv. "A. 0." e~ a' 0 ' ffO , -~ Ka i\'.I. p£/1>,/,a avaTrov Eopa~ {(;£6 7Tawa V 'I' ar; 8€p/1>aO"tv ev 7TV{(;tVO'iO"w operrlcrpow A.a'Ywov· Z'r}V~ ",d8t/;E /Ca~ &i\A.O£~ &8avaTotrr£, 'Trlip OE'i~E OE KOVPOV e6v' 7TaV'TEr; 0' I£pa OVfl-OV lTEpcpBev (5 e ° oe 444 with nimble feet, singing by some spring of dark water, while Echo wails about the mountain-top, and the god on this side or on that of the choirs, or at times sidling into the midst, plies it nimbly with his feet. On his back he w«ears a spotted lynx-pelt, and he delights in high-pitched songs in a soft meadow where crocuses and sweet-smelling hyacinths bloom at random in the grass. They sing of the blessed gods and high Olympus and choose to tell of such an one as luck-bringing Hermes above the rest, how he is the swift messenger of all the gods, and how he came to Arcadia, the land of many springs and mother of flocks, there where his sacred place is as god of Cyllene. For there, though a god, he used to tend curly-fleeced sheep in the service of a mortal man, because there fell on him and waxed strong melting desire to wed the richtressed daughter of Dryops, and there he brought about the merry marriage. And in the house she bare Hermes a dear son who from his birth was marvellous to look upon, with goat's feet and two horns-a noisy, merry-laughing child. But when the nurse saw his uncouth face and full beard, she was afraid and sprang up and fled and left the child. Then luck-bringing Hermes received him and took him in his arms: very glad in his heart was the god. And he went quickly to the abodes of the deathless gods, carrying his son wrapped in warm skins of mountain hares, and set him down beside Zeus and showed him to the rest of the gods. Then all the immortals were glad in heart 445 ::: :;1 THE HOMERIC HYMNS XXI.-TO APOLLO ° , " B' . a'8' avaTOt, 7repLa""a 0~" aICXEto~ A tallVITO,' ~l , , • A.' " " .1. " 't' e. II alia oe f£W KaIl.EErrICOll, OTt 't'pEva 7ralTtll erep \ . "~I:'A .,. \ \ rr K a~ lTV f£ElI OVT'" xatpe, ava~, ,,,af£at oe , ~" aotorr , , " \ ,~"" " ,., 0" aVTap eyw leat ITEto Kal all.lI.1]~ P.1I7J1T0P. aOlO1]~. XX xx TO HEPHAESTUS EI:.$ HAI:.$TON "HrpalrrToll ICXVTOf£1]TW aEilTEo, Movrra Xl'YEta, •o~ P.ET, 'A 81]vat1]') ' 'Y"aVleW7rtOO, " ' . a'YlI.aa " ' "EP'Ya , 8' '0'0 t: E7r~ ,\ ' 0."TO , 7Tapo') , av PW7rOV, EOLoac;EV X 8OliO,), " "."~ aVTpOt') lIalETaarrICOll EV OVPEITIlI, 'JVTE 8" YJPE~. 7rEp " ~'O "" ~, JlVlI OE ot"'HA. 't'aIITTOJl Ie"VTOTEXV1]lI EP'Ya oaElITe~ c r:-I ,... "\..J.. ' " \ P1]IOL(O)') alwva TE"elT't'0POll E'~ ElItaVTOV ev' Ei)le1]XOL olli'YoVlTllI ITrpET€POLITL 80P.OllTllI. 'AXX' ,'A1]a', "HrpaLITTf' OIoov 8' apeT~v T€ leal fiA/3oJl. "" "fJ E, "VOL XXI EI:.$ AIIOAAilNA TO APOLLO rrE" P.EJI \' lea~ leVlellO~ " V7rO , 7rTEPV'YWV , ",. "8 ' 8pwrrKWV ' "~, ox Y E7r1 7rOTap.OJl 7rapa OLVYJEVTa, ' , .', 0'" A.' ,"£'YEtall ' II1]lIELOlI' rrE 0 aOlOO~ ex",v 't'opp.L'Y'Ya K aL' , ...., 7rPWTOll TE , lTV ~" aOLOY· \ P.ElI SING, clear-voiced Muse, of Hephaestus famed for inventions. With bright-eyed Athene he taught men glorious crafts throughout the world,-men who before used to dwell in caves in the mountains like wild beasts. But now that they have learned crafts through Hephaestus the famed worker, easily they live a peaceful life in their own houses the whole year round. Be gracious, Hephaestus, and grant me success and prosperity I XXI 'L',v' II. , a6ltOet, C'Ii:' , 1]OVE7T1]~ and Bacchic Dionysus in especial; and they called the boy Pan 1 because he delighted all their hearts. And so hail to you, lord! I seek your favour with "song. And now I will remember you and another song also. , ICa~ fI " , Ir;. VITTaTOll aLElI a€£OEI. ...." E: rl,\ !:'E' -' OVTW XatpE, aJla .. , ,,,afW-L 0 u ~ PHOEBUS, of you even the swan sings with clear voice to the beating of his wings, as he alights upon the bank by the eddying river Peneus; and of you the sweet-tongued minstrel, holding his high-pitched lyre, always sings both first and last. And so hail to you, lord I I seek your favour with my song. 1 The name Pan is here derived from 'IrdJl'rn U all." Cpo H•• iod, Work. and Days 80-82, Hymn to Aphrodiu (v) 198. for the aignificanoe of personal names. 447 " ,! , .i THE HOMERIC HYMNS XXIV.-TO HESTIA XXII XXII TO POSEIDON EI~ IIO~EI.:lnNA 'AP.'fA "" IT oCTEtoawl'a, ~ , 8' ~ ,,'. EOlJ, apxop. aEtoEtll , , ,.. " I 8'" 'Ya~'Y/<; !Ctv"lT'Y/fa !Cat aTpV'YETO~O al\.aCTCT'Y/<;, , • () 'E"" ' , €X€£ A"t'Ya<;. 7TOlJTtOlJ, OCT ' I\.t!CWlJa !Cat\EvpE~a<; ~ 8' 'E VlJOCT''YatE, 8 ' 'Ttp.'Y/lJ ,,~ otx a 'TOt, EDt EoaCTalJ'TO, I-'E'YalJ H I t' f/ .... I ,,,. ... , ... t7T7Tfl)lJ 'Til Of£"IT'Y/P 1lf£€lJat CTfl)'T1}pa 'TE lJ1)WlJ. '. ' " II OCTEtoaOlJ XatpE, 'Yat1}OXE, "" " !CvalJoxat'Ta, " ' p.a!Cap, / " ,,\' !Cat, EVp.6lJE<; 1}'TOp EXWlJ 7T",WOVCTtlJ ap1}'YE. " XXIII XXIII EI! l'IlATON KPONI.:lHN TO THE SON OF CRONOS, MOST HIGH 8" ,. , ,~" Z1}lJa Efl)lJ 'TOlJ aptCT'TOlJ aEtCTOf£al 1}OE f£E'YlCT'TOlJ, , / , "\,.t..' ff @' EvpV07Ta, !CpEtOVTa, 'TIlI\.IlU'{'OpOlJ, OCT'TE " Ef£tCTTt , "\ 1:" ,~ , \ , I "1' E'Y!CI\.WOlJ E.,,0f£EV'[l 7TV!CWOV<; oapov<; Oapt."Et. "I""'1}8',EvpV07Ta " KpOlJ~01}, ' '" I '. I !CVOlCTTE f£E'YtCT'Tt!. XXIV EI~ 'ECTTt'T], ! E!TIAN ". 1}'Tt! ava!C'To<; .. , A \ "\ TO HESTIA 'A7TO",,,WlJO<; '" " " E!Ca'TotO ',,\'(3 I ~''',,\ atH CTWlJ 7Tl\.o!Caf£fl)lJ a7TOI\.Et E'Tat V'YPOlJ e",atolJ' " '!:"'1~ H'"EPXEO Vf£OlJ ExovCTa EPXEO 'TOlJo alJa OL!COlJ,' elJ 18'" CTVlJ ...,.tt ,~, I P.'T]'TtoElJTt· xapw 0 1 I WILL sing of Zeus, chiefest among the gods and greatest, all-seeing, the lord of all, the fulfiller who whispers words of wisdom to Themis as she sits leaning towards him. Be gracious, all-seeing Son of Cronos, most excellent and great I i I XXIV , 0'E/7 tEpOlJ , ' .OOP.OlJ ' '''' ' IT v 0 O~"'ElJ 1}'Ya af£'{'t7TOAEVEt<;, " I BEGIN to sing about Poseidon, the great god, mover of the earth and fruitless sea, god of the deep who is also lord of Helicon and wide Aegae. A twofold office the gods allotted you, 0 Shaker of the Earth, to be a tamer of horses and a saviour of ships! Hail, Poseidon, Holder of the Earth, dark-haired lord I 0 blessed one, be kindly in heart and help those who voyage in ships! • , " , <'" ap. 07TaCTCTOlJ aot0'[l. Tucker: 1"lpX'" : ! HESTIA, you who tend the holy house of the lord Apollo, the Far-shooter at goodly Pytho, with soft oil dripping ever from your locks, come now into this house, come, having one mind with Zeus the all-wise --draw near, and withal bestow grace upon my song. 449 THE HOMERIC HYMNS XXV I.-TO DIONYSUS xxv xxv Ell: MOTl:Al: KAJ AI10AMlNA TO THE MUSES AND APOLLO 'A' , TEi.><W~ 1\' 7rOAAWVa~ TE' {:} '" 'A 71"Ofl.fl.wva~ '" " Kal,. EK'Y/fJ0fl.OU - ~ ' . \ €aCT£V • "0 " Kal K£ 0aptCTTal,' avopE~ aowo. £71"1 ~ OVI fN: 8~ .6.£O~ fJaCT£ATJ£~' & 8 (JA~tO~, i5v Ttva Movuat I WILL begin with the Muses and Apollo and Zeus. For it is through the Muses and Apollo that there are singers upon the earth and players upon the lyre; but kings are from Zeus. Happy is he whom the Muses love: sweet flows speech from his lips. Hail, children of Zeus! Give honour to my song! And now I will remember you and another song also. ,. , ryap '1\1 OUCTawv ' EK ~'f IV OVCTawv apxwp.al A.. ,'- ", f',' ,, ,~ , 'f'1"'WVTa£' ry",uKep7J at a7rO CTTo!-,aTO<; PE€£ auo7J' I I A' ", I "f;'1 X alp€TE, TEN:Va uta<;, Kal E!-'7JV Ttp.7JuaT aO£07Jv' " " • , aUTap f'Ywv U!-'EWV T6 Ka,\ -"" a"''''7J~ '" P.V1)CTOP. 0" aOto7J~' XXVI XXVI TO DIONYSUS Ell: .6.IONTl:ON ' K £CTCTOKO!-'7JV A' , 'r.J " • , I~ ,""WVUCTOI' EplfJpO!-,OV apx0p. aEW€£V, \ "" ' 0 ... ' tol , "\ \ fl ' Z7Jvo~ Kal ... €!-,E"7J~ Ep£N:UOEO~ ary",aov UtQV, &V TP~cfJOV ¥KO!-'Ot N vp.cfJat 7Taftt 7TaTpo~ I1vaKTo~ 8E~ap.eva£ KOA7TOtCTt Kat fVOUKEW~ aTtTaAAOV I , ,"\, ~ t" , 't: ' fI N UCT'Y/~ EV ryva",o£~' a 0 aE.eTO 7TaTpo~ EK'Y/Tt • '" • p.€Tap.'0 !-,£O<; a' 0 ' aVTprp EV EUWO€t avaTOtCTtv. aVTttf 1!7T€t8~ TOVO€ e€at '1I'OAVVP.VOV HOp€Vav, OYJ . ' TOTE .I. 'f'0tn~€CTKE 'I'. N:a u"'7JeVTa<; Evaufl.OU~, ... \\:'of.+. '.'~'~lrl KtCTCTrp Kat oa'f'v'[/ 7TE7TUKau!-,€vo~' at 0 ap. €71"OVTO e' '" ' ' .. .I. N ul""f'at, aA." 0 " ESI:7Jry€'TO' "" fJP0/.LO~ {:}' • 0. ' . €X€V aCT'1I'€TOIJ Xa'ipE, 7TOAUCTTllcfJvA' IJA7JV. 10 Kat CTV !-'EV IltOVUCTE' to' to' oo~ 0 , EN: ~. 0 45 0 f,.. I 'fl "f , 0 Xa'povTar; er; wpar; aunr; tN:eCT at, I , , "\ "\ _" wpawv Et~ TOU~ '1I'OI'''WU~ EVtaUToUr;, 7J!-,a~ r .0' au OIJTW I W I BEGIN to sing of ivy-crowned Dionysus, the loudcrying god, splendid son of Zeus and glorious Semele. The rich-haired Nymphs received him in their bosoms from the lord his father and fostered and nurtured him carefully in the dells of Nysa, where by the will of his father he grew up in a sweetsmelling cave, being reckoned among the immortals. But when the goddesses had brought him up, a god oft hymned, then began he to wander continually throngh tIle woody coombes, thickly wreathed with ivy and laurel. And the Nymphs followed in his train with him for their leader; and the boundless forest was filled with their outcry. And so hail to you, Dionysus, god of abundant clusters! Grant that we may come again rejoicing to this season, and from that season onwards for many a year. 45 1 THE HOMERIC HYMNS XXVIII.-TO ATHENA XXVII XXVII EI! APTEMIN TO ARTEMIS ! I SINO of Artemis, whose shafts are of gold, who cheers on the hounds, the pure maiden, shooter of stags, who delights in archery, own sister to Apollo with the golden sword. Over the shadowy hills and windy peaks she draws her golden bow, rejoicing in the chase, and sends out grievous shafts. The tops of the high mountains tremble and the tangled wood echoes awesomely with the outcry of beasts: earth quakes and the sea also where fishes shoal. But the goddess with a bold heart turns every way destroying the race of wild beasts: and when she is satisfied and has cheered her healt, this huntress who delights in arrows slackens her supple bow and goes to the great house of her dear brother Phoebus Apollo, to the rich land of Delphi, there to order the lovely dance of the Muses and Graces. There she hangs up her curved bow and her arrows, and heads and leads the dances, gracefully arrayed, while all they utter their heavenly voice, singing how neat-ankled Leto bare children supreme among the immortals both in thought and in deed. Hail to you, children of Zeus and rich-haired Leto! And now I will remember you and another song also. XXVIII XXVIII EI! A6HNAN TO ATHENA I BEGIN to sing of Pallas Athene, the glorious goddess, bright-eyed, Inventive, unbending of heart, 453 i THE HOMERIC HYMNS XXIX.-TO HESTIA '.' , , , ,,' ' Trap 0evov atoot1']v, epU(nTrTO"tv, a"/C1']euuav, . . T1']V \ aUTo~ " "e'Y€tVaTo p,1']TteTa €U~ TptTo'Yev1'], '"', ,/.,.,1'1 .... ' "" U€fl-V1']<; €It /C€'t'a,,1']~, 7ro,,€p,1']ta T€UXE exouuav, , A. 1 , ,Q 1:"" ' xpuu€a, Trafl-'t' avoWVTa' UEI-' a~ 0 eXE 7raVTa<; opWVTa<; ' ••OE" 7rPOU fI EV t.l.to~ A' , , a' 0 avaTOU<;' 1'] at'YtoXOtO " 8 ' , EUUUfl-EVW~ wpouuw aTr a avaToto /Cap1]vou, , "1:'" I~' e 'i\ € i\'1'-. uetuau Os uv aKOVTa' fl-E'Ya~ t~€T'''0' "ufl-7ro<; • , , , Q ' , '. ' I.'" " 10 oEtvOV UTrO !-,ptfl-1']<; 'Y"au/cw7rwo~' ap,'t't oe' 'Yata • ,'" " 0 '1] 0.'" , ufl-Epoa"eov £ax,?u€v' €/Ctv'l apa TrOVTO<;, , A..' , " 1 t" ff,,\ /CUfl-aut 7r0P't'UP€O£Ut /cu/cwfl-€vo~' €/cXUTO 0 a"p,1'] ,f:' ... to' f1' TrEPtovo~ ' ' i ao~ \'" ESaTrtV1']~' UT1']uev 0 a'Y UW~ 1'1 "~t;:-\ f " , tTr7rOU~ w/cUTrooa~ o,?pOV XPOVOV, €tUoTe /cOUP7J r", " aTr" ' " 0 " ' 15 €t/\,€T a0 avaTWV Wfl-WV eOet/C€"a T€UX1'] IIaAAa~ 'A01']val1']' 'Y'}O'lU€ 8e fl-1']TlETa Z€V~. " p'EV OUTW ~ .. A' I " K at' uu XatpE, utO~ T€/cO~ at'YlOXOto' , \ €'YW " /Ca,, U€tO " /Ca,'"i\' "'" " aUTap a "1']~ fl-V'luoP, aoto"}'!. 'z' , ,If , ° XXIX XXIX EI~ E~TIAN TO HESTIA ev 'EUTt1'], ~ mtvTwv 8wp,autv Vt1']AOtUtv , , , av , 0pWTrWV ' xap,at, €PX0fl-€VWVT g8p1']v ul8tov I!i\ay€<;, Trp€u(3'1)l8a Ttfl-~V, ,,\' " ' " /Ca"ov €xouua 'Y€pa<; Ka,\Ttfl-tGv' ou" 'Yap aT€p uou... " ' 0 . . rl'" I , €,,,aTr,vat V1']TOtUtV, tV ou 7rPWTK, 'TrUp,aT'fl T€ 'EUTt'fl I " I ~ "\. I " apX0fl-€vo'! UTrWO€t fl-€"t1'] ea OWOIf' " 'A -I. ' ' A ' '1\1'" ' /Cat uu p,ot, P'Y€t't'0vTa, t.l.lO~ Kat awoo<; UtE, /1'Y'Y€A€ TWV p,aKapwv, XpuuoppaTrt, OWTOP €aWl', ." ." "atoo,'fl . ' T€ 't""'fl -I.'v TE. ,/\,ao'! wv ETrapll'Y€ uuv ' .. a' 0 avaTWV T€ 0€WV '''' I Baumeilter: '''X'TO, MBS. 4H pure virgin, saviour of cities, courageous, Tritogeneia. From his awful head wise Zeus himself bare her arrayed in warlike arms of flashing gold, and awe seized all the gods as they gazed. Hut Athena sprang quickly from the immortal l{ead and stood before Zeus who holds the aegis, shaking a sharp spear: great Olympus began to reel horribly at the might of the bright-eyed goddess, and earth round about cried fearfully, and the sea was moved and tossed with dark waves, while foam burst forth suddenly: the bright Son of Hyperion stopped his swift-footed horses a long while, until the maiden Pallas Athene had stripped the heavenly armour from her immortal shoulders. And wise Zeus was glad. And so hail to you, daughter of Zeus who holds the aegis! Now I will remember you and another song as well. 5 10 HESTIA, in the high dwellings of all, both deathless gods and men who walk on earth, you have gained an everlasting abode and highest honour: glorious is your For without you mortals portion and your right. hold no banquet,-where one does not duly pour sweet wine in offering to H estia both first and last. And you, Slayer of Argus, Son of Zeus and Maia, messenger of the blessed gods, bearer of the golden rod, giver of good, be favourable and help us, you and Hestia, the worshipful and dear. Come and 455 ; I THE HOMERIC HYMNS vat£T£ OWJ14TU !Ca).a, e' ,'EpJ1-"'~' . , " , aVTap €ryrov VJ1-€rov TE ",.~ !CaL\ a").).'Y}~ 'tV1}UOP, aoto'Y}~. XXX EI~ rHN MHTEPA IIANTnN I Tra,n.lator: 'Enip. MSS. XXX.-TO EARTH THE MOTHER OF ALL dwell in this glorious house in friendship together; for you two, well knowing the noble actions of men, aid on their wisdom and their strength. Hail, Daughter of Cronos, and you also, Hermes, bearer of the golden rod! Now I will remember you and another song also. xxx TO EARTH THE MOTHER OF ALL I WILL sing of well-founded Earth, mother of all, eldest of all beings. She feeds all creatures that are in the world, all that go upon the goodly land, and all that are in the paths of the seas, and all that fly : all these are fed of her store. Through you, 0 queen, men are blessed in their children and blessed in their harvests, and to you it belongs to give means of life to mortal men and to take it away. Happy is the man whom you delight to honour 1 He has all things abundantly: his fruitful land is laden with corn, his pastures are covered with cattle, and his house is filled with good things. Such men rule orderly in their cities of fair women: great riches and wealth follow them: their sons exult with everfresh delight, and their daughters in flower-laden bands play and skip merrily over the soft flowers of the field. Thus is it with those whom you honour o holy goddess, bountiful spirit. Hail, Mother of the gods, wife of starry Heaven; freely bestow upon me for this my song substance that cheers the heart! And now I will remember you and another song also. 0457 THE HOMERIC HYMNS XXXII.-TO SELENE XXXI XXXI Ell: HAlON TO HELlOS XXXII AND now, 0 Muse Calliope, daughter of Zeus, begin to sing of glowing Helios whom mild-eyed Euryphaessa, the far-shining one, bare to the Son of Earth and starry Heaven. For Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphaessa, his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos and rich-tressed Selene and tireless Helios who is like the deathless gods. As he rides in his chariot, he shines upon men and deathless gods, and piercingly he gazes with his eyes from his golden helmet. Bright rays beam dazzlingly from him, and his bright locks streaming from the temples of his head gracefully enclose his far-seen face: a rich, fine-spun garment glows upon his body and flutters in the wind: and stallions carry him. Then, when he has stayed his golden-yoked chariot and horses, he rests there upon the highest point of heaven, until he marvellously drives them down again through heaven to Ocean. Hail to you, lord! Freely bestow on me substance that cheers the heart. And now that I have begun with you, I will celebrate the race of mortal men half-divine whose deeds the. Muses have showed to mankind. XXXII Ell: :£EAHNHN TO SELENE ' "., " a€£oew TallVCT£7TTepOII €U7TeTe, 1\" 'lOVUat, M 1JV1JII ,~ " " K ,~ A '" ' •• '1ove7Te£~ K:ovpat POIILOfW '""tO~, tUTope~ :"01J~' • AND next, sweet voiced Mnscs, daughters of Zeus, well-skilled in song, tell of the long-winged 1 Moon. W'Q;plfud. 1!SS. I The epithet is " usuai one for birds, cpo Hesiod, Work. and Days, 210 ~ a! applied to Seien. it may merely indicaLe her p...."ge, like .. bird, through the air, or mean" f&l'·fiying." 459 WHi\ £011 VP.1I6W ' " aVTE • A' I • M OVCTa, " '""£O~ TEK:O~ aPXEO Kai\i\U)7T1], cpaJ80llTa, TOil Eupvcpa6CTCTa fJOW7Tt~ I I ~" 0'vpallov"'aCTT6pO€IITO~' , 'YE£lIaTO a£1]~ 7Taw£ K:a£ 'YTJP.6 ryap EupvcpaeCTCTall dryaK:i\E£T~1I 'T7T€p[WII, , , ~f' I 6 aVTOK:aCT£'YII1]T'1I1, 1] 01 TeK:E K:a'i\i\ tp.a TEK:lla, 'H" '~I ' i \ 'OK:ap.ov I "<; i\' W TE POOO7T1]XVV EV7T Tfi ""E '1111]V 'H fi'i\' I " , i\011 a'8avaTO£CTtll, ' tOil T 'J aK:ap.aIlT, €7Ttfi£K:fi ~~ cpatllfit 8111]To'iCTt Ka' d8allaTOtCTt 8€0'iCTtll "17T7T0£~ €P. , fJ € fJ aw~' ' ~,~, " ~ I • CTp.ePOIIOII 0 0 ry€ O€pK:€Tat OCTCTOt~ "'8 i\ap.7Tpa£' t0" JaK:TIV€~ o'\ ", XPVCTfi1]~ fiK: K:OpV o~· a7T aVTOU.. iO a£ryi\TJ€1I CTTii\fJOVCTt 7Tapa K:poTCicpwII T' ~8€tpat 1 ", , I I , i\ap.7Tpa£ a7TO K:r:aTO~ xaptEII K:aTEXOVCTt 7T POCTW7TOV T1]i\avry€~' K:ai\oll 7TfiP' xpot i\up.7T€Tat ~CT8o~ '\. _ ' '" , l tI~' JI 1/ ""'7TTOVP'Y€~' 7TVOtTJ avep.wv· V7TO 0 apCTeV€~ 17T7TOt. "8''''t! , ',.., fI ell ap 0 rye UT1]ua~ XpvUO~VryOIl app.a K:at\ "£7T7TOV~, i. • 8 ' " , " .." [aUTO £ 7TaveTa£ aK:pOV e7T ovpavou, e£UOK:ev aUT£~ i5' I I ~" " 'n I ~ 8eU7Teu£O~ 7Tep.7TTJUt ot ovpavov HK:eaVovoe. Xa'ipe, /1,va~, 7TpOCPPWV fJtov 8vp.~pe' li7TaS€. , ,~" t: I i\ ' , I , ~ ... fiK: ueo 0 ap.ap.€Vo~ K: TJUW p.eP07TWII ryevo~ allopWII , 8 eWII, ' . "eprya 8 ' 8II1]TO£CTtV " fioet.all. "~I: '1p.£ WII eat r oe oe "J oe I I 458 Matthiae : T_ . " " THE HOMERIC HYMNS XXXIII.-TOTHE DIOSCURI .! -, "', ! ". '/~ a7TO at'Y"''1] 'Yatav E",£O"CTETat oVpaVOOftKTO<; , , , ~_l1 I ° t'o" "\., \' " "paTO<; a7T avavaTo£O, 7TO",V<; V7TO /COCT p-O<; OpWPEV )/ A.'1]<; "\"",P-7TOVO"'1]<;' -' '""{J Et OE r-' T , a"ap-7TETO<; ',,\ ' ,, at'Y O"n", a1)p Ii , " ,./,.' , ° .. t"'t" XPVO"EOV a7TO O"Te'!-'aVOV, lLKTWer; eVotaoVTat, " , to. "'n .. "\ , 1 , EVT av a7T u/cEavotO "oEO"O"ap-eV1) xpoa /CaAOV, rl (' , "\. 't''''' "" I etJl-aTa eO"O"ap-EV1) T1)"aV'YEa ota ""eA1)V1), l;evEa{-£ev1) 7TWA.OV<; Epta6xeva<;, al'YA1}EVTlL<;, " "h' rl "\.1 E "'0 ' ° "\",ap-7TpoTaTaL . ' " " " ' f ! ' T aV'Yat TOT a€,,0p-€V1)<; oupalloO€II' Te/C{-£wp " T€A.E'0 OV 10 o~ {JPOTOt<; /Cat O"TJp-a T€TVlCrat, K POIlL01)<; I. ,I TV" pa " -I. , ' \' " 7TOT€ e{-£t'Y'rJ '!-'t"oT'1]n /Ca, €VVV' A"" I I ' 'I 0 V7To/cV 'II.' Iii oea " • Of .. ,,\' ,,, "to , 'f 20 XXXIII XXXIII EIS AIOSKO'I'PO'I'S TO THE DIOSCURI 'A p-,!-,L -I.' Ato<; ' I " I ." " /Covpov<;, e,,'/CW7TtoE<; eO"7TeTe M ovuat, Tvvoaploa<;, A1}o'1]<; /CaA.A.t 'l' l' KaO"Topa 0" t7T7TOoap-ov /CaL' " ap-WJ1-1)TOIl II OA.VOEv/Cea, , • 'T .. , "'''' " , TOV<; V7TO aV'Y€TOV /C0PV'!-'rJ opeo,> ll-eryaAOto I From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light, The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. Once the Son of Cronos was joined with her in love; and she conceived and bare a daughter Pandia, exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods. Hail, white-armed goddess, bright Selene, mild, bright-tressed queen' And now I will leave you and sing the glories of men half-divine, whose deeds minstrels, the servants of the Muses, celebrate with lovely lips. I I ,.ttXO€'iO"' EV q,tAOT'1]n /C6Aa~V€¢et K('ovlWlIt " , "l" ' av0' .. ff l JI W/cV7TOPWII Te V€WV, oTe Te Baumei.ter: ~ TE, MSS. G BRIGHT-EYED Muses, tell of the Tyndaridae, the Sons of Zeus, glorious children of neat-ankled Leda, Castor the tamer of horses, and blameless Polydeuces. When Leda had lain with the dark-clouded Son of Cronos, she bare them beneath the peak of the great hill Taygetus,-children who are deliverers of meD. on earth and of swift-going ships when stormy gales rage over the ruthless sea. Then the shipmen : I THE HOMERIC HYMNS ~ " '" Xt!tp.eptat ltaTa\ 1 7rOVTOV ap.e£A£xOV· Ot"t'" 0 a7rO V.,WV 6p.evO£ ltaAJoVUt dto~ ItOVpOV~ p.eyaAoto JI "\. ... t', , (.)1 apV€UUW ",eVN:Otutv, €7r altpWT1/pta ,..,avTe~ 10 7rpvP.V'YJ~· T~V il' I1V€p.6~ T6 p.E'Ya~ Itat Itup.a OaAauU"l~ ' Ot., 0~"/: ' 'rl, , " • f:3PVX£.,v· 0 >]ltav V7rO er;;a7rtv'T}~ €'I'av1/uav ~ovOfiut 7rTepV'YeUut ilt' alOepo~ dt~avTe~, " ~t, "\", , " avnlta 0 ap'Ya",ewv av€p.wv N:aT€7raVUav aeAAa~, I ~'" "\ ... " , , Itvp.aTa 0 €UTOp€UaV "'€Vlt1/~ aAo~ ev 7reAa'Y€uut, 15 , "\.", '..1.. 1 ,\ C;:-' 't" U1//LaTa Ita",a, 7rOVOV a7rovou'I'tUW' at De £DOVTe~ I '" " I 11/'0"I uav, 7raVUaVTO 0~, Ot~VpOto 7rOVOto. T ~,~ " (;)' "t7r7rWV' atpeT€, vVoap£Dat, TaYEWV e7rt"""ITOP€~ I \ ,f...'" I ' , to,.. aVTap e'Ywv vp.ewv T€ Itat aAA1/~ p.v"Iuop. aoto>]<;. €vx x , , \ '\ I f' Bury! ,,«6.,.«.1)" O'T,p.wra "ClAd, 'ft'"4vov XXXIII.-TO THE DIOSCURI call upon the sons of great Zeus with vows of white lambs, going to the forepart of the prow; but the strong wind and the waves of the sea lay the ship under water, until suddenly these two are seen darting through the air on tawny wings. Forthwith they allay the blasts of the cruel winds and still the waves upon the surface of the white sea: fair signs are they and deliverance from toil. And when the shipmen see them they are glad and have rest from their pain and labour. Hail, Tyndaridae, riders upon swift horses! Now I will remember you and another song also. "..p"''', MSS. ! ': HOMER'S EPIGRAMS HOMER'S EPIGRAMS 1 OMHPOY EIllrPAMMATA J I 'O" 8 I: ' , '0' 0' A We£CT e seVUIlV /C€Xp7JfJ,eVOV 7JOe o0fJ,0tD, .\ '. ' I TT / ~,"VfJ,7JV ~ " I OL 7rO"tV aL7r€tv7JV, €plW7rWa /cOVP7JV, , '<' ap07JV7J<; 0 , ' . V€taTOV , , .1. ' Vat€T€, .. 7rooa V'Yt/c0fJ,0tO, , (3 , , d. 8' " "fJ, POCTtDV 7rWOVT€<; vorop €tov 7rOTafJ,0tO, II I. A '·L'Ya • , TWV ryap .I.' "0 ,~, • " 7rooe<; fJ,€ 'f'€POt€V €<; aLoOtwv 7rO"tv avoproV' '0 '8 ' VfJ,0<; /Cat fA. \..., , 7rpo'f'PWV /Cao fJ,7JTt<; aptCTT1J. III Xail,/Ce'1] 7rap8evo<; elfJ,l, Mt8ew 8' €7r~ CT>lfJ,aTt IC€tJl-aL' fCTT' av lJowp T€ va'{]l /Cal oevop€a fJ,a/Cpa, ,,"\. "'" '\ T68t)A-,{], 1,,\1 7J€"W<; T aVLWV "afJ,7r'{] "afJ,7rpa T€ CT€"7JV'1], , " , , ~,~ n 8 ,~ /Cat 7rOTafJ,(Jt ry€ pewCTtV ava/C"v .. '{] O€ a"aUCTa, , " ·0' ~ ~, " , (3 "WTOV T'{]O€ fJ,fiVOVCTa 7ro"v/C"aVTOV €7r£ TVp' OV , ~ , 7rapWvCTt, • M t07J<; '. OTt " T'{]06 •• T€'8a7rTat. aryry(!I\€W IV ." 0 "I'{] fJ,' v aLCT,{] oro/C€ ' Z €V<; ' /cvpfJ,a ry€VefJ' , 8a£, 7raT7JP I , , ,"\.'\ V7J7rWV awo£7J<; €7r£ ryovVaCTt fJ,7JTpO<; aTa""wv. " 7rOT" , (3OV,,'{] ,"'A' " 1JV €7rVprywCTav u.£o<; avywxo£o , ,~", I Plato, Diogen.s, Gont ..e Herodotus. 466 of Homer: ~Iu, pseudo. 6 HAVE reverence for him who needs a home and stranger's dole, all ye who dwell in the high city of Cyme, the lo~ely maiden, hard by the foothills of lofty Sardene, ye who drink the heavenly water of the divine stl'eam, eddying Hermus, whom deathless Zeus begot. II SPEEDILY may my feet bear me to some town of righteous men; for their hearts are generous aud their wit is best. III I AM a maiden of bronze and am set upon the tomb of Midas. While the waters flow and tall trees flourish, and the sun rises and shines and the bright moon also; while rivers run and the sea breaks on the shore, ever remaining on this mournful tomb, I tell the passer-by that Midas here lies buried. IV To what a fate did Zeus the Father give me a prey even while he made me to grow, a babe at my mother's knees I By the will of Zeus who holds the I The Epigrams are preserved in the pseudo-Herodotean Life of Homer_ Nos. III, XIII, and XVII are also found in the Gonte.t of Homer and Uesiod, and No. I is also extant at the end of lome MSS. of the Homeric HymrY. I HOMER'S EPIGRAMS EPIGRAMS IV-VI V Ii3JEO'TOplB1/, fJV1/TO'iO'W avCtliO'TCtlV 'ffOAlCtlV 'ffEP, ,~\ '.I. ' f, " av fJ PCtl'ffOtO'w. ' ouoev a't'paO'TOT6pOV 'ffEI\.6Tat voou VI KXvfJt, IIoO'ElBaoll, fLE'YaXoO'fJ6V€~, €vvoO'l'YatE, " ~f , ~'I: ' " flUpUXOpou fLW6CtlV 1/06 \Oav fJ" OU 'E' ' I\.tlCCtlVO~, ~, ~,. , vaVTat~, 0' , ' \', , OVpOIi /Cal\.OV /Ca£ a'ff1/fLova VOO'TOII OO~ 0 '" '0 f () £OfO' at , 'ffOfL'ffO£"~" Ot, \ v1/0~ 1/0 apXOt eaO't' 0'"E~ V'ffCtlPflt1/V "or_' v'( t/CP1/fLVOtO M'tfLaVTO~ OO~ 0 '. f "fJ' atootCtlIl fL , el\. OVTa .I." f (3POTCtlV " QO'tCtlV " [~"" 'l'CtlTa T6 TtO'a fL'rJV, o~ EfLOV VOOII Tfl " /Cvp1]O'at, , 'rJ'ffEp07r€vC"a~ &>BvO'aTo ZiJva ElvtOV EllvL'rJII T€ Tpa'ffftav, aegis the people of Phricon, riders on wanton horses, more active than raging fire in the test of war, once built the towers of Aeolian Smyrna, wave-shaken neighbour to the sea, through which glides the pleasant stream of sacred Meles; thence 1 arose the daughters of Zeus, glorious children, and would fain have made famous that fair country and the city of its people. But in their folly those men scorned the divine voice and renown of song, and in trouble shall one of them remember this hereafter-he who with scornful words to them 2 contrived my fate. Yet I will endure the lot which heaven gave me even at my birth, bearing my disappointment with a patient heart. My dear limbs yearn not to stay in the sacred streets of Cyme, but rather my great heart urges me to go unto another country, small though I am. V THESTORIDEB, full many things there are that mortals cannot sound; but there is nothing more unfathomable than the heart of man. VI HEAR me, Poseidon, strong shaker of the earth, ruler of wide-spread, tawny Helicon! Give a fair wind and sight of safe return to the shipmen who speed and govern this ship, And grant that when I come to the nether slopes of towering Mimas I may find honourable, god-fearing men. Also may I avenge me on the wretch who deceived me and grieved Zeus the lord of guests and his own guest-table. from Smyrna, Homer's reputed birth· place. , The councillors of Cyme who refused to support Homer .t the public e"pense. 1 30. I EPIGRAMS VII-XI HOMER'S EPIGRAMS VII QUEEN Earth, all bounteous giver of honey-hearted wealth, how kindly, it seems, you are to some, and how intractable and rough for those with whom you are angry. VIII VIII , " "'Y'''Ot t "aT'1) 'ffOVT07r0POt, UTV'Y€P'1) Eva" I '(J' (:3' ~/~, " 7rTOOICaUtV at Vt'[lUt, wv OVU~"l"'OV EXOVTE~, " N aVTat aiO€tcr(JE ,evtow t' , \ ~tO~ u€(:3a~ {J1lnfl-€OOVTO~' t:' A' rf , ,"\., ",, fl-€T 01Tt~ o€tv"l 'Yap s€VWU '""O~, O~ IC a",£T"lTat. IX' 'Tfl-€a~, J, ,etvot, /lv€fl-o~ Xd(:3€v aVTto~ E'X(}cfJV' ',,' , , " ~/I: a",,, Efl-€ vuv O€\iau E, ICat 0 'ff"'00~ €U0"6Tat vp,tv. e \','" •" x "AXX"l T[~ UIlV 7rdIIC"l ap,EtvOJla ICap'ffOV '{'1}Utv A." , I , , EV ICOPU'!''[lO"t 7rO"U7rTVXOV 1]VEp,OEUU'1]~, "I~' 0"l~ "e €V a '0 UW"lpo~ JI .. >fAP1]O~ E7rtX ' e' " OVWtU't (:3POTOtUtv '" €U'U'€Tat, €VT av p,tV KQ' EfJP1]VtOt ,,~ avope~ )f EXOOUt. X ANOTHER sort of pine shall bear a better fruit! than you upon the heights of furrowed, windy Ida. For there shall mortal men get the iron that Ares loves so soon as the Cebrenians shall hold the land. e\" Restored to metrical form by Barnes. Kuester: "l...ev, !3po"r.v, MSS. 1 The" better fruit" is apparently the iron smelted out in fires of pine-wood. {'XavICE, (:30TO,V! E'1TtO'1TTa, l'1To~ Tt TOt EV I/JpEtTl er]UlIJ' " \ ~ " "" I (J Up'[lUt , 7rPOOTOV P,€V ICVtT., OEt'1TVOV E'1T aU"'E£'[ltTt 0" \'" ~ \ , " " aovvat' TOO~ 'Yap ap,llwov' 0 'Yap ICa. 'ffPWTOV alCOVEt ,~" "~ avopo~ E'1TEPX0P,€VOV lCat E~ €pIC€a 1]po~ tOVTO~. , 1 IX STRANGERS, a contrary wind has caught you: but even now take me aboard and you shall make your voyage. XI GLAUCUS, watchman of flocks, a word will I put in your heart. First give the dogs their dinner at the courtyard gate, for this is well. The dog first hears a man approaching and the wild-beast coming to the fence. XI I SAILORS, who rove the seas and whom a hateful fate has made as the shy sea-fowl, living an unenviable life, observe the reverence due to Zeus who rules on high, the god of strangers; for terrible is the vengeance of this god afterwards for whosoever has sinned. 471 EPIGRAMS XII-XIV HOMER'S EPIGRAMS XII GODDESS-NURSE of the young,! give ear to m} prayer, and grant that this woman may reject tht love-embrace of youth and dote on grey-haired old men whose powers are dulled, but whose hearts still desire. XIII CHILDREN are a man's crown, towers of a city; horses are the glory of a plain, and so are ships of the sea; wealth will make a house great, and reverend princes seated in assembly are a goodly sight for the folk to see. But a blazing fire makes a house look more comely upon a winter's day, when the Son of Cronos sends down snow. XIV POTTERS, if you will give me a reward, I will sing for you. Come, then, Athena, with hand upraised 2 over the kiln. Let the pots and all the dishes turn Qut well and be well fired: let them fetch good prices and be sold in plenty in the market, and plenty in the streets. Grant that the potters may get great gain and grant me so to sing to them. But if you turn shameless and make false promises, then I call together the destroyers of kilns, Shatter and Smash and Charr and Crash and Crude bake who can work this craft much mischief. Come all of you and sack the kiln-yard and the buildings: let the whole kiln be shaken up to the potter's loud. lament. As a horse's jaw grinds, so let the kiln grind to 1 II Hecate: cpo Hesiod, Theogonll. 451>. i.e. in protection. 473 I HOMER'S EPIGRAMS .. EPIGRAMS XIV-XV , eVTOU {}" aVT'YJ<; '" Kepap.'YJta , "\",e7T'Ta~ 'IT'O 10Vua. ... 'IT'avr oevpo Ka~ 'ReAlov (}6ryaTep, 7rOAVcpapp.aKe KlpK'YJ, 15 • , t:1,-.,~." a'Ypta cpapp.aKa l-'aA/\,e, KaKOV 0 aVTOV<; Te Ka.\.ep'Ya . ~ ~ ~, Ka,, X e'pwva'YeTw ' " "\ ' K eVTavpov<;, ' oevpo oe 'IT'o,,,ea<; 'ILJ' 'R " xetpa<; ~ -I. ' , , , a7rO",OVTO, . '-. ow paKA'YJo<; 'f'U'Y0V OtT , "'~" TV'IT'TOteV TaOe ep'Ya KaKW<;, 7rt'lT'TOt o€ Kap.tVOr:;J\C:-"'1" "" 20 aVTo. 0 o'p.w"oVTe<; oprpaTo ep'Ya 7rov'YJpa., 'Y'YJ(}~uw 0' opOWV aVTWV KaKooatp.ova TeXV1]V' At-' , '",'#\17, 'IT'Up'\ ' . . .TO , 7rPOUfAl'lT'OIJ I 0<; oe X V'IT'epKU'f TOVTOU 7rav ' f I '1' cp"Mx,(}e.'YJ, W<; 7raVTe<; e7r.UTfAlVT ' JQ,£(Ttp.a pe"eu/. '. . f I " t' XV Awp.a 7rpOUeTpa7rop.eu(}' avOpO<; p.e'Ya ovvap.evoto, • , ,.' ,~" "'(:1lO<; a.e , ••, 0<; p.e'Ya P.€v ouvaTat, p.e'Ya o€ 7rpe7ret I 0", aVTa~ avaKA£veu{}e {}upa.· ITAoilTO<; 'Yap ~uetUt 7rOAAO<;, UVV ITAOUTrp Be Kat Evcppouuv'YJ Te{}aAv'ia , I " {}' t"" ~ 'JI Ii E.p'YJv'YJ T a'Ya 1]' oua 0 a'Y'Yea, p.eUTa p.ev e." KVp(:1 at'YJ 0' alet KaTa KapOO7rOV tp7ro, p.a,~a. ~ , }' "t' I vvv p.ev Kpt{a.'YJv, eUfAl7r.oa, u'YJuap.oeuuav ff • • oe • • Toil 7ratoo<; 'Yvv~ KaTa 8£cppaoa (:1~ueTat {}p.p.tv· ~p.lovo. 0' li,ouut KpaTal7rooe<; e<; Tooe owp.a· av,.~ f) lUTov vcpalvo. ~7r' ~AeKTprp (:1e(:1av~a. 10 ~, " " • A 0' Nevp.a. TO., vevp.a. ev.avuto<;, WUTe xe t wv "\ , , ~ ", , -I." 'or. eUT'YJK ev 7rPO vpOt<; or. 'f '''''YJ 7rooa<;' a",,,,a 'f'ep ai, 'f a t7repua, TOO 'A7rOAAfAlVO<; 'Yv,aTtoo<;·t H • • e' 1 474 powder all the pots inside. And you, too, daughter of the Sun, Circe the witch, come and cast cruel spells; hurt both these men and their handiwork. Let Chiron also come and bring many Centaurs-all that escaped the hands of Heracles and all that were destroyed: let them make sad havoc of the pots and overthrow the kiln, and let the potters see the mischief and be grieved; but I will gloat as I behold their luckless craft. And if anyone of them stoops to peer in, let all his face be burned up, that all men may learn to deal honestly. ligen: {3p.p. ••, MSS. XVI LET us betake us to the house of some man of great power,-one who bears great power and is greatly prosperous always. Open of yourselves, you doors, for mighty Wealth will enter in, and with Wealth comes jolly Mirth and gentle Peace. Mayall the corn-bins be full and the mass of dough always overflow the kueading-trough. Now (set before us) cheerful barley-pottage, full of sesame . . . Your son's wife, driving to this house with stronghoofed mules, shall dismount from her carriage to greet you; may she be shod with golden shoes as she stands weaving at the loom. I come, and I come yearly, like the swallow that perches light-footed in the fore-part of your house. But quickly bring .. 1 This song is called by pseudo-Herodotus Elp'1"":'v'1. The word properly iudicates " garland wound with wool which was worn at harvest-festivals, but came to be'applied first to the harvest Bong and then to any begging song_ 'l'he present i. akin to the Swallow-Song (X.A,Bov, ..!'a), Bung at the beginning of spring, and answering to the still surviving English May-Day songs. Cpo Athenaeus, viii. 360 II. 475 ! I i HOMER'S EPIGRAMS EPIGRAMS XVI-XVII XVI , 't E, ~6V T6 ()wG"e!~' fi! Of ~'YJ,, oux eG"T'YJSO~eV' , , Bao '0' 'YJ'" "'B 0fJ-ev. au" 'Yap G"uvo!/CrJG"OJJTe~ ev " to' , t-\ XVI f IF you will give us anything (well). But if not, we will not wait, for we are not come here to dwell with you. XVII XVII OMHPOJi "A vope~ ~ If a'YP'YJ~ B'YJP'YJTope~, I ',\' 1 a",!'YJ<; HOMER " , 'Y...J pn fixofJ-ev T "., ' TO!CIlV ~ 'Yap oUTe f3 a BU/C"'YJPCllV ~ OMHPOJi '1: rl , 7raTEpCllV I 8' OVX [A,0fJ-ev, 'e , e/C'Y€'YaaO' 6, ... , ' OUT aff71"eTa fJ-,)",a V€fJ-0VTCIlV. ES a!fJ-aTO~ " , of deep sea prey, have we caught auything? AAIElJi "OG"O" tJ.OfJ-ev, A!7T6JkfiG"B'· 5G"a ¢epdJkfiG"Ba. HUNTERS If I Koechly: .1:..' 'ApKaB(~J, MSS. FISHERMEN All that we caught we left behind, and all that we did not catch we carry home. l HoMER Ay, for of such fathers you are sprung as neither hold rich lands nor tend countless sheep. 1 The lice which they caught in their clothes they left behind, but carried home in their olathe. those whioh they oould not oatoh. 477 FRAGMENTS OF THE EPIC CYCLE I EI1IKOY KYKAOY AEI\)i'ANA THE EPIC CYCLE TITANOMAXIA THE WAR OF THE TITANS l. Photiu8, Epitome 0/ the Chrestomathy of Proclu8. "APX€Tat p.,€V ' ((' , IW"l\.O~ I "\. ,), "0'vpavov" 0 E7rtfCO~ €" TrJ~ "a~ r1j~ p.,v80}..oryovp.,JvrJ~ p.,l~€w~, ~~ ~~ aVTrp "al Tp€i~ 'I1'a'ioM €"aTOvTaX€tpa~ "al TP€'i~ ry€vvru,n l. THE Epic Cycle begins with the fabled union of Heaven and Earth, by which they make three hundred-handed sons and three Cyclopes to be born to him. 2. According to the writer of the War of the Titans Heaven was the son of Aether. KV,,}..w'l1'a~. 2. Anecdota Dxon. (Cramer) i. 75. At8€po~ 0' , , w~ 0t: TrJV , T tTavop.,aXtav " .rypa'fa~. ,. 0 vpavo~, " v£o~ f 3. Sohol. on Ap. Rhod. i. 1165. Eilp.,rJi\o~ •••• T6V Alryalwva r1j~ Kat IIoVTov CfJr)O'L 'I1'a'ioa, "aTOL"ovvTa oe ~v Tfi 8ai\aCTCTV TO'i~ TLTiiCTL CTvp.,p.,ax€£v. Eumelus says that Aegaeon was the son of Earth and Sea and, having his dwelling in the sea, was an ally of the Titans. 4. 4. Athenaeu8, vii. 277 D. 0 T~V TLTavop.,axlav , . ' E"vp.,rJ i\"o~ €CTTLU 0• K op£v '8 to~ rJ• 'I1'OLrJCTa~ 6LT 'A'" ,,.. ~ , ~ J/ P"TLvo<; •••• €V Tf{' O€VT€Prp OVTW~ €tPrJ"€V' ~v 8' aVTfi '11' AWTOL Xpvuw7rtoe<; lX8v€~ ei\i\6t , '''' ~ , .0 , t:J , VrJXOVTe~ 'I1'at~OVCTt ot voaTO~ ap.,fJPoU£OLO. The poet of the War of the Titans, whether Eumelns of Corinth or Arctinus, writes thus in his second book: "Upon the shield were dumb fish afloat, with golden faces, swimming and sporting through the heavenly water." 5. Athenaeu8, i. 22 o. Eilp.,rJi\o~... Tav I1la , I ' I 0pxovp.,€VOV 'I1'OV 'I1'apary€£ ,,\' I\oEryWV' Jl-EuuO'iCTtV 8' oPXEiTo 'I1'aT~p avopruv TE 8eruv TIl. 480 3. 5. Eumelus somewhere introduces Zeus dancing: he says-" In the midst of them danced the Father of men and gods." THE STORY OF OEDIPUS THE EPIC CYCLE 6. i. 554. Schol. on Ap. Rhod. 0 o~ Thv I't'YavTo/kaxCav 71'wj(J'M cprW1v [jTt Kpovo~ /k€Ta/kopcpw8€t<; 'rl " i F . '\. ' ... 'n ... ~ , \ €L~ L71'71'0V €/k''Y'I} '¥L",VpCf TIl ,HK€aVOV, DL071'€P KaL ' I " 8 ' X €LPWV' ' I 0::- \ L7I'7I'0K€VTaVpO~ €'Y€VV'I} 'I} 0 TOVTOV D€ 'YVV'I}\ XaptKA,w. 7. Athenae1L8, xi. 470 B. ®€6A,VTO~ • •• J7I't A,J/3'1}TO~ ,\ ~ "\'" ,., , " ,(,'I}(J'W aVTOV OLa7l'",€V(J'at, TOVTO 71'pWTOV €L7I'OVTO<; \ T navo/kaXLav ' 71'OL1)(J'avTo~. , TOV" T'I}V ,./,. 6. The author of the War of the Giants says that Cronos took the shape of a horse and lay with Philyra, the daughter of Ocean. Through this cause Cheiron was born a centaur: hifl wife was Chariclo. 7. Theolytus says that he (Heracles) sailed across the sea in a cauldron 1; but the first to give this story is the author of the War of the Titans. 8. 8. Philodem1M, On Piety. 0 D~ Thv TtTaVOjLaxlav, Tet JLEV jLiJA,a CPVA,tL-rT€LV ••• The author of the War of the Titans says that the apples (of the Hesperides) were guarded. OI~IIIO~EIA THE STORY OF OEDIPUS . 1. O.I.G. Ital. Bt Sic. 1292. ii. 11. ••. Thv 0[0£71'0t" ' fV7I'0'K'8 ,,., oV(J'av <;' D€,aV T'I}V wa, wvo~ TOV,. ••• €7I'WV 'X, 2. De Paus. ix. 5. 10. 71'a;;oa~ J~ aUTiJ~ (,IoICa(J'T'I}<;) OOICW ot 'Y€v€(J'8at /kapTVIJt 'O/k~Prp 1 XPWjL€VO<; 't E'vpv'YaV€la~ ,~'" , rI. " oe T'I)~ I'Y" i 71'€p,(,aVTO<; €O/€'Y0VEo "' " 0 \ KaL\ 0 ' Ta \" ' . 0 ~, (J'av' O'l}",OL DE €71''I) 71'Ot'l}(J'a~ a 0 'LOt71'00,a , 'y ovojLa."ov(J't. au ... €, Schol. on Eur. Phoen. 3. 1750. ot Thv Olot71'0Uav 'YpacpoVT€~ • • • 71'€pl Tij<; "2.cpL'Y'Y6~ ,'\.'\.", ,"\."'\, \ ' I ",,\"\ a",,,, eTt ICa"",L(J'TOV T€ KaL L/k€pO€(J'TaTOV a",,,,wv "0 rI." 71'awa '(""ov K' P€LOVTO<; 11"jLV/kOVO~ A" LjLova 1 Odys8ey, xii. 271-4. 0" OLOV ••• 1. . • • the Story of Oedipus by Cinaethon in six thousand six hundred verses. 2. Judging by Homer I do not believe that Oedipus had children by Iocasta: his sons were born of Euryganeia as the writer of the Epic called the Story of Oedipus clearly shows. 3. The authors of the Story oj Oedipus (say) of the Sphinx: "But furthermore (she killed) noble Haemon, the dear son of blameless Creon, the comeliest and loveliest of boys." I See the cylix reproduced by Gerhard, Abhandlunge.. , tal. 5,'. Cp. Stesiohorus, Frag. 3 (Smyth). THE EPIC CYCLE THE THEBAID ®HBAI~ THE THEBAID l. 1. HOMER travelled about reciting his epics, first the Thebaid, in seven thousand verses, which begins: II Sing, goddess, of parched Argos, whence lords .. " 0./ Contest Homer and IIesiod. 0 8~ "OP:YJpo<; ••• , "... I " ' 7r6ptepx ofL EvO <; €"'€'Y€ Ta\ 7ro£'1fLwra, 7rPWTOV fLEV , IU\ (:J I~ " i"" \ T'1V -':'J'1 awa, E7r'1 ,~, '1<; "I apX7J • Ap'Y0r; aetOE f)Ea 7rOA.u8l+tov lvf)ev I1va"TE<;. 2. Athenaeus, xi. 465 E. aUTap 0 OtO'YEV~<; i}pw<; ~alJf)6<; IIoA.vvE["7J<; " fL€V ' 010t7rOOll ' . ' . "a"'7Jv ... \ 7rapE'f) '1"E Tpa7rE~aV I i' 7rpwra apyup~7JV KaofL0tO f)e6cppovo<;' aUTap l7r€tTa I "... I " XPU(}'EOV EfL7r ""J(},EV "a",ov OE7ra<; '10EO<; OIVOU. " u " . . I . . ' f ) , \ " ... aUTap 'Y W<; 'Ypa(}' "I 7rapa"€lfLEVa 7raTp0<; €otO I I I f " f f)" Ttfl-"IEVTa 'YEpa, fLE'Ya Ot "a"ov Efl-7rE(},E ufI-'I" ~,,'... t" \ f.... , '..I.. I , \ at't' a O€ 7rat(}'1V EOt(}'£ fl-ET afl-'Y0TEpOt(}'tV e7rapa<; ap'YaA.€a<; ~paTO' f)EwV 8' OU A.avf)av' Eptv6v. 6,<; 015 oi 7raTpwt' EV ~f)E[ll cpLA.6T7JTt 0;;:- I , , A.' ~, " I,' , oa(}'(}'aLVT. afl-'t'oTEpOt(}'t 0 ae£ 7rO",Efl-0L TE fl-axal ...'.f ° .• 'TB ••• 3. Schol. Laur. on Soph. O.C. 1375. , f " , (:J a",e '..... EI7Te ,. I TE fl-U""f) ov· L(}'XtOV w<; eV0'1(}'E xafl-al " , ,..~ " ~, " "I" WI , 7TaIOE<; wfl-0£ E'Y fLEV OVEtoEtOVT€<; E7r€fI't' av , * * * * 2. "Then the heaven-born hero, golden-haired Polyneices, first set beside Oedipus a rich table of silver which once belonged to Cadmus the divinely wise: next he filled a fine golden cup with sweet wine. But when Oedipus perceived these treasures of his father, great misery fell on his heart, and he straightway called down bitter curses there in the presence of both his sons. And the avenging Fury of the gods failed not to hear him as he prayed that they might never divide their father's goods in loving brotherhood, but that war and fighting might be ever the portion of them both." 3. "And when Oedipus noticed the haunch 1 he threw it on the ground and said: 'Oh! Oh! my sons have sent this mocking me .. .' So he prayed to Zeus the king and the other deathless gods that each might fall by his brother's hand and go down into the house of Hades," 4. EtJICTO D.tl fJa(}'tM)t "at aA-A.ot<; af)av(LTot(}'t xepu£v V7r' aA.A.~A.wv KaTa(:J~fl-EVa£ • Aioo<; eY(}'w. 4. Paus. viii. 25. 8. rl '\. \,4..' •A8pa(},To<; lcpeu'YEv €" ®'1fJwv €tfLaTa ",u'Ypa 't'EPWV "A ' uuv PEtOVL , "uavoxa£Tp. Adrastus fled from Thebes "wearing miserable garments, and took black-maned Areion 2 with him." The hauuch was regarded as .. dishonourable portion. 'The horse of Adra.tuB, offspring of Poseidon and Demeter, who had changed herself into a mare to escape Poseidon. I THE EPIGONI THE EPIC CYCLE 5. 5.1 • ° ,N ~ , 'TE/\,EU 0'€V'TIllV ,~ Ii:1o'Q f7T'Ta E7TEt'Ta VEICVIllV EVt OCI'fJfJTJ. Orp,Ill~EV TaA,atov[o'l)~ fJ,E'T€€t7T€ 'TE fJ,V8ov' • " 7TO 0'fill 'Yap \,... " A. ' IllfJ,Ot €'YIll' EfJ,OV U'Tpa'TOV,. op,fJ,a .,..a€tVov, , A.' , 0 'ov lCat' .OOvp.\ P,aX€U ' 0at. afJ,.,..oT€pOV fJ,av'TW 'T" a'Ya 6. ~'Y'fJP,EV OlVEV~ IT€pl{3otav '",,1,. \ 'Ypa'l'a~ 'T'I)V 7TOA,EP,'fJO€[U'fJ~ 'nA,€VOV A,€'Y€t A,a{3€tV .4pollodorus, i. " J 7T7TOVOOV. ' 'T'I)V ®'I){3aioa 74. ' . . . ' °fp'EV , 'TaVT'I)V DE " 'YEpa~. , 0 tVEa "But when the seven dead had received their last rites in Thebes, the Son of Talaus lamented and spoke thus among them: 'Woe is me, for I miss the bright eye of my host, a good seer and a stout spearman alike.' .. 6. Oeneus married Periboea the daughter of Hipponoiis. The author of the Thebais says that when Olenus had been stormed, Oeneus received her as a prize. 7. 7. Pausanias, ix. 18. 6. 7TPO~ 8~ 'TV 7T'I)'YV 'Tdcpo<; €U'T£V' AucpoOllCov' lCa~ 0 'Aucp6otlCo~ OVTO<; a7T€IC'TEtVEV €V 'TV fJ,cLXTJ 'TV 7TPO~ 'AP'YE[OV~ IIap8Evo7ra'iov 'TOV TaA,aoulCaOa at ®'fJ{3ato£ A€'YOVULV, €7Te£ 'TiL 'Y€ , Near the spring is the tomb of Asphodicus. This Asphodicus killed Parthenopaeus the son of Talaus in the battle against the Argives, as the Thebans say; though that part of the Thebais which tells of the death of Parthenopaeus says that it was Periclymenus who killed him. EmrONOI THE EPIGONI 1. 1. NEXT (Homer composed) the Epigoni in seven thousand verses, beginning, " And now, Muses, let us begin to sing of younger men." Oontest of Homer and Hesiod. I-~'" ,~, '1<; 'fJ apx'fJ ElTa 'E7Tt'Y6vou<;, • E7T'fJ " av"0"" ,~"' , 0a vuv 07T/\,O'T€PIllV avoplllv apxwfJ,E M ovuat. " 2. Photiu8, Lexicon. TEUfJ,'fJuia' 7rEpl 'Tf)<; TEVP,'fJuia~ J,A,W7TEICO<; ot 'Ta ®'fJ{3ailCa 'YE'Ypacp'fJ1C6'TE<; tlCavw<; 1 Restored from Pindar OZ. vi. 15 who, according to Asclepiades, derives the passage from the Theba ... 486 2. Teumesia. Those who have written on Theban affairs have given a full account of the Teumesian fox.] 1 So called from Teume •• us, a hill in Boeotia. For the deriyation of Teume••us cpo Antimachus Thebail fro 3 (Kinkel). THE EPIC CYCLE THE CYPRIA ' , 1 . .'YJvat 8 "f-£EV ' "1ap ~ .. \ 8EWV .. UF'Top'1JICacn ••• E7Tt7TEf.l"f' V7TO 'T/) O'T]ptov 'TOU'TO 'TO!~ Kaof-£E£Ot~· OL/) 'Ti}~ f3acnAE[a~ 'I:' , " a7TO'K'aOf-£ov '" ' K 'E¢aAov Er;;EICMitOV 'TOV~ "1e"1oVO'Ta~. o~ ¢alT~ 'T/)II A.'T]toIlO~ 'AO'T]va!oll iJII'Ta ICa~ ICvva , • OvoEV '·'·'A ~ 0 ' , ICEIC'T'1Jf-£EIIOV 011 OL€'f'EV"1EII 'TWII '1JP£WII, (tl~ , I " , r . . . . II' a7T€IC'TEtIlEII aICWII 'T'YJII €aV'TOV "1vllaLICa pOICpW, ' " ~ KO' .' , ICa0'T]pall'T6111 aV'TOII 'TWII a0f-£€£WII, oUnICEtll 'T'YJv aAOJ7TEICa f-£f!'Ta 'TaU ICVIIO~' ICa'TaAaf30f-£l.vov~ oe 7TEpt , TEVf-£'T]ITITOII " ['"0 OV~ "1EVEIT ' 0at 7011 ' 'TE ICVlla , ICat, 'TOll , ' , ' '" 'A " " . , ~8 ' 'TOV" 'T'YJII a"W7TEICa. E£"''YJ'f'alTt 0 OV'TOL 'TOll f-£V OJ) EIC e7T£ICOV ICVICAOV. They relate that the creature was sent by the gods to punish the descendants of Cadmus, and that the Thebans therefore excluded those of the house of Cadmus from the kingship. But (they say) a certain Cephal us, the son of Delon, an Athenian, who owned a hound which no beast ever escaped, had accidentally killed his wife Procris, and being purified of the homicide by the Cadmeans, hunted the fox with his hound, and when they had overtaken it both hound and fox were turned into stones near Teumessus. These writers have taken the story from the Epic Cycle. 3. 3. oi o~ 'T~II ®'YJf3a£oa "1€rypa¢o'T€~ ¢alTtv lht IJ7TO 'TWII 'E7T£"1oV~v aICpo' , '8'YJ M av'TW"'YT ' 8 ' , 8£11£011 aIlE'T€ J €tp€IT£OV v"1a'T'T]p E£~ A "A ' A8€£lTa, ' " A 7TOA' u€,,'j'OV~ 7TEf-£'t' ICaL" ICa'Ta Xp'YJlTf-£ov ""wvo~ Er;;€PX0f-£€II'T] 'I: ' 7T€pt€7TEITE , 'P ' 'A' Q aIC£,!:, 'T,!:, €f-''YJ'TO~ " M VIC'YJlla£,!:, ' 'TO\"1€1I0~. , " av'T,!:,,., VI,!:, ICal\ "1'T]f-£af-£€II'T] 'TOU'T8 "1ap 7T€pt€!XE 'T/) AO"1[OV, "1af-£€!1T8at ~v ITvllav'T1]IT'{J-[ICal] €:>..80ulTa €l~ KOAo¢wva ICal , ~.oVIT0 ' '''' , "" , 7Ta'Tp£OO~ '''' EICE£ vI'-'YJlTalTa EOaICpVlTe ota 'T'YJII''T'YJ~ 7TOpO'T]lTtll. The authors of the Theba'is say that Manto the daughter of Teiresias was sent to Delphi by the Epigoni as a first fruit of their spoil, and that in accordance with an oracle of Apollo she went out and met Rhacius, the son of Lebes, a Mycenaean by race. This man she married-for the oracle also contained the command that she should marry whomsoever she might meet-and coming to Colophon, was there much cast down and wept over the destruction of her country. f' Schol. on Ap. Rhod. i. 308. rP KTIIPIA 1. ProcluB, Chrestomathy, i. 'E7Tt(3aAAet 'TOV'TOt~ 'Ttt .' X€"10f-£€va KV7Tpta ell f3tf3A£Ot~ ¢€pOf-£ella evoeICa. , ,, , •• 'Ta O€ 7Tept€XOV'Ta EIT'TL 'TaV'Ta. ZEV~ (30VA€VE'Tat f-£E'Ta 'Ti)~ ®€f-£LOO~ 7TEP~ 'TOU - , 7TO"'€f-£OV' ", , O€ .' "Ept~ EVWXOV' TPW£ICOV 7Tapa"1EVOf-£EII'T] f-£€IIWII 'Troll 8eroll 1.11 'TO!~ II'T]A€W~ "1df-£Ot~, IIf;'iICO~ , 488 THE CYPRIA 1. THIS 1 is continued by the epic called 'czlpria which is current in eleven books. Its contents are as follows. Zeus plans with Themis to bring about the Trojan war. Strife arrives while the gods are feasting at the marriage of Peleus and starts a dispute between The preceding part of the Epic Cycle (I). THE EPIC CYCLE THE CYPRIA Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite as to which of them is fairest. The three are led by Hermes at the command of Zeus to Alexandrus 1 on Mount Ida for his decision, and. Alexandrus, lured by his promised marriage with Helen, decides in favour of Aphrodite. Then Alexandrus builds his ships at Aphrodite's suggestion, and Helenus foretells the future to him, and Aphrodite orders Aeneas to sail with him, while Cassandra prophesies as to what will happen afterwards. Alexandrus next lands in Lacedaemon and is entertained by the sons of Tyndareus, and afterwards by Menelaus in Sparta, where in the course of a feast he gives gifts to Helen. After this, Menelaus sets sail for Crete, ordering Helen to furnish the guests with all they require until they depart. Meanwhile, Aphrodite brings Helen and Alexandrus together, and they, after their union, put very great treasures on board and sail away by night. Hera stirs up a storm against them and they are carried to Sidon, where Alexandrus takes the city. From there he sailed to Troy and celebrated his marriage with Helen. In the meantime Castor and Polydeuces, while stealing the cattle of !das and Lynceus, were caught in the act, and Castor was killed by !das, and Lynceus and !das by Polydeuces, Zeus gave them immortality every other day. Iris next informs Menelaus of what has happened at his home. Menelaus returns and plans an expedition against Ilium with his brother,and then goes on 1 IC. 49 0 Pari•• THE EPIC CYCLE THE CYPRIA to Nestor. Nestor in a digression tells him hm' Epopeus was utterly destroyed after seducing the daughter of Lycus, and the story of Oedipus, the madness of Heracles, and the story of Theseus and Ariadne. Then they travel over Hellas and gather the leaders, detecting Odysseus when he pretends to be mad, not wishing to join the expedition, by seizing his son Telemachus for punishment at the suggestion of Palamedes. All the leaders then meet together at AuUs and sacrifice. The incident of the serpent and the sparrows 1 takes place before them, and Calchas foretells what is going to befall. After this, they put out to sea, and reach Teuthrania and sack it, taking it for Ilium. Telephus comes out to the rescue and kills Thersander the son of Polyneices,. and is himself wounded by Achilles. As they put out from Mysia a storm comes on them and scatters them, and Achilles first puts in at Scyros and marries Delda· meia, the daughter of Lycomedes, and then heals Telephus, who had been led by an oracle to go to Argos, so that he might be their gUide on the voyage to Ilium. When the expedition had mustered a second time at AuUs, Agamemnon, while at the chase, shot a stag and boasted that he surpassed even Artemis. At this the goddess was so angry that she sent stormy winds and prevented them from sailing. Calchas then told them of the anger of the goddess and bade them sacrifice Iphigeneia to Artemis. This they attempt to do, sending to fetch Iphigeneia as though 1 While the Greeks were sacrificing at AuUs, a serpent appeared and devoured eight young birds from their nest and lastly the mother of the brood. This was interpreted by Calchas to mean that the war would swallow up nine full Yfl&rl. Cp. Iliad ii, 29g if. 493 THE EPIC CYCLE THE CYPRIA for marriage with Achilles. Artemis, however, snatched her away and transported her to the Tauri, making her immortal, and putting a stag in place of the girl upon the altar. Next they sail as far as Tenedos: and while they are feasting, Philoctetes is bitten by a snake and is left behind in Lemnos because of the stench of his sore. Here, too, Achilles quarrels with Agamemnon because he is invited late. Then the Greeks tried to land at Ilium, but the Trojans prevent them, and Protesilaus is killed by Hector. Achilles then kills Cycnus, the son of Poseidon, and drives the Trojans back. The Greeks take up their dead and send envoys to the Trojans demanding the surrender of Helen and the treasure with her. The Trojans refusing, they first assault the city, and then go out and lay waste the country and cities round about. After this, Achilles desires to see Helen, and Aphrodite and Thetis contrive a meeting between them. The Achaeans next desire to return home, but are restrained by Achilles, who afterwards drives off the cattle of Aeneas, and sacks Lyrnessus and Pedasus and many of the neighbouring cities, and kills Trollus. Patroclus carries away Lycaon to Lemnos and sells him as a slave, and out of the spoils Achilles receives Brisels as a prize, and Agamemnon ChryseIs. Then follows the death of Palamedes, the plan of Zeus to relieve the Trojans by detaching Achilles from the Hellenic confederacy, and a catalogue of the Troj an allies. 494 495 THE EPIC CYCLE THE CYPRIA 2. 2. Tzetzel. Chilo xiii. 638. ... " K 'U71'pLa O'u'Y'Ypap,p.aTa , , "",Taawo<; 0 Ta 7roL'lua<; H t ,,\' ""\ , (0' A,' a7r€p Ot 71' I\,€tour; 1\ €'YOUO'L . f1o'lpoU 71'E", U/C€VaL , n." , • 0" " ~ , E<; 71'pouca oE uuv XP'lf1oauL 00 'lvaL Trp .:.,TaUtvrp. "i;." 3. Schol. on Homer, n. i. 5. .~ 'A,"' 'lV OTE f10upLa ",ul\,a KaTa' 0 X 'ova Stasinus composed the Cypria which the more part say was Homer's work and by him given to Stasinus as a dowry with money besides. 3. ,,~, 71'l\,a~0f1o€vrov 71'EP [avOpw71'rov J!3apuvE] !3aOuO'Tepvou 71'AaTo<; afT)<;, ZEV<; OE Uiwv E'"lI.eT)O'E Kat Jv 71'UKtval.<; 7rpa7rtoEO'(J"t '0 ETO Kov",LO'aL A,' ' 0pro71'rov ' a' " O'uv av 71'af1o/JWTopa 'Yatav, " ", '" W 'I"",LaKOtO " pt71'tO'O'a<; 71'0,,,Ef100V f1oE'Yal\,T)v Eptv Gcppa KEVWO'ELEV OavaTOV fJapo<;' Ot 0' EVt TpolrJ • , A'~"'" a" T)proE<; KTELVOVTO' ""to<; 0 ETE",EtETO /JOVAT). "There was a time when the countless tribes of men, thoup;h wide-dispersed, oppressed the surface of the deep-bosomed earth, and Zeus saw it and had pity and in his wise heart resolved to relieve the a11nurturing earth of men by causing the great struggle of the Ilian war, that the load of death might empty the world. And so the heroes were slain in Troy, and the plan of Zeus came to pass." 4. ~. Volumina Herculan. II. viii. 105. 6 oe Ttl, KV71'pLa ' ' ' Hpa xapL~of1o€V'lV ~'A.. ' ' " TOV ' 71'OLT)O'ar; ",EV'YEtV aVTOV 'Yap.ov, ,tl.la ~e Of100O'aL XOAwBJvTa OLon OVT)TCp O'VVOIKtO'EL. The author of the Cypria says that Thetis, to please Hera, avoided union with Zeus, at which he was enraged and swore that she should be the wife of a mortal. 5. 5. Schol. on xvii. 140. KaTa 'Yap Td~' II'lAJro, 'r.:A'~ , ' O'vvax 0'EVTE<; Et<; " TO Kat 'CJEnoo<; 'Yaf1oov Ot' 0EOt '" " , , l ' ~ II""~" X' II 'lMOV E7r EVroX"! ~K0f1oL~OV T)",E£ oropa, EtproV ., ,,! '0'" , '.' , A, \ OE f1oEl\otav EU a"'T) TEf1orov El<; oopv 7rapEO'XEV. ",aO't , 'AO'lvav " I :..'EO'at aVTO, ""HA, .' KaTaf10EV ",atO'TOV OE I ~'" \..., O'KEvauaL • • • 1J LO'TOpta 71'apa Trp Ta K' V71'pta , 'Tf'Ot1JO'avn. For at the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, the gods gathered together on Pelion to feast and brought Peleus gifts. Cheiron gave him a stout ashen shaft which he had cut for a. spear, and Athena, it is said, polished it, and Hephaestus fitted it with a head. The story is given by the author of the Cypria. 6. 6. Ath~naeU8, xv. 682 D, F. avOwv 15€ O'TEcpavronKwv , " Ta K'V71'pLa 7rE71'0LT)Kror; "H ' 1J• f1oEf1ov1JTaL 0' f10EV 'YT)O'£ar; The author of the Cypria, whether Hegesias or Stasinus, mentions flowers used for garlands. The n. 4116 497 THE CYPRIA THE EPIC CYCLE ._'Ta;OWO~ . .~ '"" 't" "" " t , ••• , "'€ry€t 0 OVV oun~ eU'T£II 0 'TTOt'YJua<; '1' , aV'Ta €V 'TOO • a OV'Toout· ,./ \ , X I, \ ""1""\ €tp,a'Ta /UV 'XpOt €U'TO 'Ta 01 apt'TEr; 'Til !Cat upal , ,I. av €V ' av ~ 0 €O'tV €laftVOtO't, ' " 71'ot'YJO'av !Ca,\ €"/:1a't' • rI, " , On " 'T€ !CPOf('I' '" '0 'I' ola ,/,oPOVO' upat, €V €V 0'Vaf(1V " " 0 " 0 ~/~ " ' ' ' 0 " €V 'T€ ''I' a/\,€ ovn POOOV 'T EVI av €t !CaA.'I' f~1 I " " (.) I , 'YJO€t V€f('TapE'I' €V 'T af'f-JpoO'tat~ !CaA.VlC€uO't 5 "0 €O'I vap!CIO'O'OV ' , av !Cal" ",€IPWV' 'TOI"'I'A'" ¢pOOI'T'YJ " '0' r/ rf oopa/~ 71'aV'TOtalr; 'T€ voof'€va €'f'a'Ta liO''TO. ,..,~ ~ • ,~ • • * ~ oe O'VV af'¢/71'OA.Otut ¢tA.Of'f'€to~r; , A¢poSi'T'YJ 'I!' rI,' ", "0 €a ryat'YJ<;, ' 71'/\,Ii"af'€vat O''T€,/,avovr; €VOOo€ar;, av 8.v !C€rpaA.a'iO'IV iiO€v'TO O€at A.t71'apo!Cp~'O€f'VOt 10 N Vf'¢at !Cat Xapt'T€r;, IJpa 'Oe 'XpvO'Tj , A¢ poO£'T'YJ, " a€toOVO'ai "~ " 71'0A.V71'/oaf(OV ~ , "I·0'YJr;. f(a"ov !Ca'T, opor; 7. 7. Clement qf Alexandria, Protrept ii. 30. 5. K' '0 ' 0ava'TOV ' ~". , aO''TOOp f'€V v'YJ'Tor;, o€ 01 atO'a71'€71'poo'Tal , , " "IJ' IT' ~ , "~"A aV'Tap 0 ry avaVa'TO~ O"VofVf('YJr;, o~or; P'YJor; 8. Athenaeu8, viii. 334 ~pO'To'iO'I, 'T~V 71'0'T€ f(aA.A.t!COf'Or; N tf'€O'tr; ¢ tA.O'T'YJ'Tt f'try€'iO'a Z'YJvt O€WV ~aO'tA.iF 'Ttf(€ !Cpa'TlipTjr; {m' avaryf('YJr;' rp€vry€ ryap, ov'O' 1f0€A.€v f't'X0~f'€val €V rptA.O'T'1n A \ K ' " 'rI..' '\:, ,. 71'aTpt, 4.>." POVICl)VI' €T€tp€TO ryap ,/,p€var; 0.1001 \ I \" I !Cat vef'€O'lw f(a'Ta ry'YJv oe f(al a'Tpvry€'TOV f'EMV ~,..~, ~8oop Meineke: KAAAlpp ••• "Castor was mortal, and the fate of death was destined for him; but Polydeuces, scion of Ares, was immortal." 8. B. 'Tovr; oe f'€'Tt1 'Tpt'Ta'T'YJv 'EMv'YJv 'Ttf(ti, OavfID. I poet, whoever he was, writes as follows in his first book: "She clothed herself with garments which the Graces and Hours had made for her and dyed in Rowers of spring-such flowers as the Seasons wear -in crocus and hyacinth and flourishing violet and the rose's lovely bloom, SO sweet and delicious, and heavenly buds, the flowers of the narcissus and lily. In such perfumed garments is Aphrodite clothed at all seasons. * * * Then laughter-loving Aphrodite and her handmaidens wove sweet-smelling crowns of flowers of the earth and put them upon their heads-the bright-coiffed goddesses, the Nymphs and Graces, and golden Aphrodite too, while they sang sweetly on the mount of many-fountained Ida," " And after them she bare a third child, Helen, a marvel to men. Rich-tressed Nemesis once gave her birth when she had been joined in love with Zeus the king of the gods by harsh violence. For Nemesis tried to escape him and liked not to lie in love with her father Zeus the Son of Cronos; for shame and indignation vexed her heart: therefore she fled him over the land and fruitless dark water. But B' .1', 118. 499 THECYPRIA THE EPIC CYCLE tIlV'YIl, Z€V~ S' eUWKIl' A.a/3etV S' e'Ai>CaleTO OVf£~' aA.A.OTe f£€V KaTa KVf£a 7ro"}.,v~A.Olu/3o£O Oa"}.,d,UU7J~, ,,"\ . . ""il \ Kat\7relpaTa ' a",,,,OT av K€aVOV,.. 7rOTaf£OV al'1]~, ,'X 0'VI etoOf£€V'1] ,~" "' \ 'I: '0 7rOVTOV 7rO",VV €SOpO ovev, ~, J' a",,,OT av 7J7retpOV 7rO",V w"}.,aKa· 'Y''YveTO D a,€~ ,,~, ~ ','.1.. • .1...1.. ' O'1]P' OU '1]7r€tpo~ a£va Tp€'f'et, o'f'pa 'f'V'YOt VtV. r' ,,"\'\. ",,, '/3' , 9. Schol. on Eur. Andr. 898. .; SE Ta~ KV7rplaKa~ iUTopta~ UVVTd,~a~ Tl"}.,etuOl.v'1]V ~7Jut, f£eO' 00 €l~ KV7rpoV a~'fx0at, Ka£ TOJI e~ aVTi]~ TIlXOl.vTa 'A"}.,Il~d,vSp't' A'Yavov. 10. " Herodotus, , ii. 117. ev f£EV 'Yap TOtUt KV7rpiotu£ . ,€K ""7rapT7J~ "", 'A"'",esaVDpo~ 'I: ~ e~p'1]Tat w~ TptTa£o~ , TO\)'1"'"'wv a'Ywv " 'E'\.! , I KeTO €~ ",ev'1]v, evaet " a7rlTil 7rveVf£aTt / xp'1]uaf£€VO~ /Cat Oa"}.,d,uu'[) "}.,Ill'[). 11. Schol. on Il. iii. 242. E7retO~ 7rpOTJpW~ {J7TO " " , '1]p7rau " 0 '1] •.• Dta ~"" , o&'1]uew~ 'Yap T7JV ToTe 'Yevof£ev7Jv , '''A.I.. ~ '"' 'A TTt/C7J~ • 7rOp 0elTat, " ap7ra'Y7Jv 'f'£Ova 7rO"'t~ /Cat\ , K ' " 'A.I..'~ . , /3 TtTpwu/CeTa"1 aUTWp V7rO 'f'IOVOV TOV TOTe a"' I ut",€W~ ~ " t \ I KaTa TO O€sWV f£'1]POV' , 01 ~, o€ A , l.l.WU/COVPO£ ®'1]UEW~ f£~ ToX6VT€~ "}.,a~vpa'Yw'Yo;;ut Ta~ 'AO~va~. f f , \ ... "\ ... '1 £uTopla 7rapa ••• TO£~ /cV/c"'I/cO'~ • •• I. Plutarch, l'he8. 32. 'HpEa~ S' V7rO ®'1]UEW~ al/ToL ' 0avetV " TOV '~A"' " 7rIlP'\ 'A.I.. 'f'lova~ a7rO ",v/cov £UTOP'1]/cIl, \ ' " " , Kat f£apTvp£a TaVTu Ta e7r'1] 7rapllXIlTat ••• , ev , evpvxop't' " TOV 7rOT, 'A.I..'~ 'f'IOV,[) , 1i:J\' (E"\' ., " , f£apvaf£llvov u'1]UIlV~ ",ev'1]~ €VIl/C '1]V/C0f£OtO /CT/iiV€JI. 1 I 500 Cpo Allen O. R. xnii. 190. Zeus ever pursued and longed in his heart to catch her. Now she took the form of a fish and sped ovel' the waves of the loud-roaring sea, and now over Ocean's stream and the furthest bounds of Earth, and now she sped over the furrowed land, always turning into such dread creatures as the dry land nurtures, that she might escape him." 9. The writer 1 of the Cyprian histories says that (Helen's third child was) Pleisthenes and that she took him with her to Cyprus, and that the child she bore Alexandrus was Aganus. 10. For it is said in the Cypria that Alexandrus came with Helen to Ilium from Sparta in three days, enjoying a favourable wind and calm sea. 11. For Helen had been previously carried oft' by Theseus, and it was in consequence of this earlier rape that Aphidna, a town in Attica, was sacked and Castor was wounded in the right thigh by Aphidnus who was king at that time. Then the Dioscuri, failing to find Theseus, sacked Athens. The story is in the Cyclic writers. Hereas relates that Alycus was killed by Theseus himself near Aphidna, and quotes the following verses in evidence: " In spacious Aphidna Theseus slew him in battle long ago for rich-haired Helen's sake." 1 i.e. Stasinus (or HegeBia. : cpo fro 6) : the phr.... " Cyprian histories" i. equivalent to "The Gypri ... " 501 THE EPIC CYCLE THE CYPRIA 12. 12. Schol. on Pinda1', Nem. x. 114. aZ+a Oe AV,,/K€V, J. 'r.J \ , TaX€€(],(],L 7r€7rOL 8 ' T aV,,/€TOV 7rpOfJ'€paw€ TrOfJ'~V aKp(JTaTOV 0' ava(3li, OL€8t.pK€TO vf)f7oV li7rafJ'av '0 II €/\,OTrO" " ' 00' €tfJ'~O€ " 0 KVOL/-W, '0 " T aVTaA~OOV Taxa '7pror; o ,~8' 0 \ " r i . " 5 O€LVOL, 0", a"fwL(],LV €fJ'oo opvo, a~'I'oo /Co~"'7' KaaTopa 8' lTr7r60a~ov Kal a€8'A.ocp6pov IIoAvO€VK€a. Philo demus, On Piety. KafJ'TOpa Oe IJ7r6 "loa TOU 'Acpap€oo KaT1]KOvT[(]'8aL ,,/€,,/pa[ CP€ .. 00,. 0' 0 " 13. Athenaeus, 35 c. • , TOL, M" ' " oivov €v€/\,a€, 8 €O~\TrOP/aav apLaTOV 8V1]To.18 av8pw7rotatv a7rOfJ'K€oafJ'at ~€A€OWva,. 14. LaU1"entian Scholiast on Sophocles, Elect. 157. ' " 8 "H' " \ TP€t, "'8u,,/aTEpa, ' 1]" 0 ~1]Prp aKO"OV €tP1]KOTt Ta, 00, ' ,\ , 0, Ta\ K'V7rpta, TOUo ' A "/a~€~VOVO,, 1] 'IcpL,,/Ev€LaV Kal 'lcpLavaaaav. 0' ri. 0 ' 'l'1]fJ'LV' 15.1 00, 0 16. LOUV7"e Papy'rus. OUK Ecpa~1]v 'AXLAijf XOAooa€~€V &AKt~OV 1)TOP riJO€ ~aA' €te7ra"/Aoo,, €Trel1} ~aAa ~Ot cp[AO, ~€V. 1 These two lines possibly belong to the account of the feast given by Agamemnon at Lemllos. 502 (Stasinus?) writes that Castor was killed with a spear shot by Idas the son of Aphareus. 13. r< Menelaus, know that the gods made wine the best thing for mortal man to scatter cares." 14. Either he follows Homer who spoke of the three daughters of Agamemnon, or-like the writer of the C!lpria-he makes them four, (distinguishing) Iphigeneia and Iphianassa. 15 Contest of Homer and Hesiod. '"' ~ \ ~ I , ,~\ " Ot ~€V oaWVVTO Trav1]~€pot OVO€V €XOVT€, , 8€V, 'laAAa\ Trap€LX€V ava, " t 'avopoov 0 'A ,,/a~€~vrov. ' 011CO 0 "Straightway Lynceus, trusting in his swift feet, made for Taygetus. He clinrbed its highest peak and looked throughout the whole isle of Pelops, son of Tantalus; ,and soon the glorious hero with his dread eyes saw horse-taming Castor and athlete Polydeuces both hidden within a hollow oak." .. So they feasted all day long, taking nothing from their own houses; for Agamemnon, king of men, provided for them." 16. "I never thought to enrage so terribly the stout heart of Achilles, for very well I loved hinr." THE EPIC CYCLE THE CYPRIA 17. Pausania8, iv. 2. 7. ~ 06 'Ta. &'TJ 'll"ot~lTa~ 'Ta. II PID'T6ITt/\,aou " "",'TJlTtv, ,/." . \ ' KV'II"p£a o~ O'TE /Ca'Ta\ 'TTJV TpIDaoa '. Eaxov ~ "E"/\'/\''TJVE~ a'll"o '(3"TJvat 'll"pID'TO~ " 'E'TO/\'" • II PID'TEIT£/\,aou " , \ ryuvat/Ca " I Io/\,u' ftTJITE, 'TOU'TOU 'TTJV 17. The puet of the Cypria says that the wife of Protesilaus-who, when the Hellenes reached the Trojan shore, first dared to land-was called Polydora, and was the daughter of Meleager, the SOD of Oeneus. OIDpav •, ft€V "'TO"ovofta, 8urya'T€pa ' 06 '" M' €/\,€arypou ' ,/. \ 1 " ' 0 ' ",TJITW Eva, 'TOU tV€ID~. 18. Some relate that ChryseYs was taken from Hypoplacian 1 Thebes, and that she had not taken refuge there nor gone there to sacrifice to Artemis, as the author of the Cgpria states, but was simply a fellow townswoman of Andromache. 19. Pausania8, x. 31. 2. II aXa.ft~oTJv DE a'll"o'll"vtry1jvat ' '" 8' 8' A '. . \ 'TOV , 8 'll"p06A. OV'Ta E'II"t tX UIDV TJpav, t.>.tOJl-TJO'TJV DE , , • , '0 ~ I ' . . . . I:: I , a'll"o/C'T€tvaV'Ta 6Wat /Cat OUITIT€a €'II"tMi'iaft€VO~ €V • . , ,'TOt~ " K U7IPtOt~. ' €'II"€CTtV otoa 20. Plato, Euthyphron, 12 ~'" O€ 'TOV Z1jva , '8' OU/C E €A.€t~ A. " t ~ 'Ta06 I~ 7rav'T €",U'T€uuev '~ 'T €psav'Ta /Cat\ o~ ,,. rl , "8 "I:' ' Et7r€W' wa "lap OEO~ EV a /Cat atoID~. " , ,~ 21. Herodian, On Peculiar .Diction. ..,~,f' " 1 " opyova~ atva "' , 'TID 0 u'II"o/culTaJl-€v'1j 'T€KI! 'II"€/\,wpa, N .... ' " ' €'II" l i nKeav'{'"(38 a£\ . ..:.ap'll"'YJoova vatov a votVV, " , lI'YJITOV 'II"€'TpTJ€CTlTav. 19. I know, because I have read it in the epic Cypria, that Palamedes was drowned when he had gone out fishing, and that it was Diomedes and Odysseus who caused his death. 20. "That it is Zeus who has done this, and brought all these things to pass, you do not like to say; for where fear is, there too is shame." 21. "By him she conceived and bare the Gorgons, fearful monsters who lived in Sarpedon, a rocky island in deep-eddying Oceanus." 1 se. the A.siatic Thebes at the foot of Mt. Placius. THE EPIC CYCLE THE AETHIOPIS 22. Clement of Alexandria, Stromatei, vii. 2. 19. 'TI"aA.,,, ~ , €£'TI"OV'To~ " ",,'Tau£vov ro '\. ' "'YJ'TI"£o~ o~ 7ra'T€pa IC'T6£Var; 7ra£oa~ ICa'Tal\.€£7rIl'. 22. I '" f , ... Again, Stasinus says: "He is a simple man who kills the father and lets the children live." THE AETHIOPIS 1. THE Cgprta, described in the preceding book, has its sequel in the Iliad of Homer, which is followed in turn by the five books of the Aethiopis, the work of Arctinus of Miletus. Their contents are as follows The Amazon Penthesileia, the daughter of Ares and ofThracian race, comes to aid the Trojans, and after showing great prowess, is killed by Achilles and buried by the Trojans. Achilles then slays Thersites for abusing and reviling him for his supposed love for Penthesileia. As a result a dispute arises amongst the Achaeans over the killing of Thersites, and Achilles sails to Lesbos and after sacrificing to Apollo, Artemis, and Leto, is purified by Odysseus from bloodshed. Then Memnon, the son of Eos, wearing armour made by Hephaestus, comes to help the Trojans, and Thetis tells her son about Memnon. A battletakes place in which Antilochus is slain by Memnon and Memnon by Achilles. Eos then obtains of Zeus and bestows upon her son immortality; but Achilles routs the Trojans, and, rushing into the city with 50 7 THE EPIC CYCLE 2. Schol. on n. xxiv. 804. TtVE~ '1pa¢ovuw • 'I".l. I '.l. "E"TOpO~. 'I" ~'f) ."A ,., w~ o. '1 apy£67rOV Ta'l'0v € ° pa~oop "Ap'1/o~ f)v'1aT'1/p p€'1aA?}TOpO~ cLv8po¢6vow. 3. Schol. on Pindar, Isth. iii. 53. '. h.l. ' "0p f) pov 7r£Oa '1P""l'wv 7r€p.\TOV eavTov cLV€A€LV. IAIA:S MIKPA 1. 'E"" , 'I',,£aoo~ '. p£"pa~ "Q t:h ' , ,>'1/~ 0Of' €UTW fJ'fJ""a T€UU€pa , M" I , ' . ' A€Ux€W .TV"'1/vawv 7rep,€XOVTa Taue. '1/ " TWV "07r"WV " , . , \ '0· \ 'Q ' "P'u,~ '1W€Ta. "a. OVUU6V~ "aTa fJou- ,"'1/U£V 'Af)"' Q I A".' , , , '1/va<; "apfJav6.. ,a~ 0 €ppav'1/~ '16VOI I "'AXa.wv " ""v pa.V€Ta. "a.\ pevo~ T'1/V 1'6 " ",€£av TWV ~ ',,\",oX'1/ua~ I €aVTOV ava.p€t. fL€Ta TaUTa '0 OUUU€U~ f 508 " ,.. ,... THE LITTLE ILIAD them, is killed by Paris and Apollo. A great struggle for the body then follows, Aias taking up the body and carrying it to the ships, while Odysseus drives off the Trojans behind. The Achaeans then bury Antilochus and layout the body of Achilles, while Thetis, arriving with the Muses and her sisters, bewails her son, whom she afterwards catches away from the pyre and transports to the White Island. After this, the Achaeans pile him a cairn and hold games in his honour. Lastly a dispute arises between Odysseus and Aias over the arms of Achilles. 2. Some read: "Thus they performed the burial of Hector. Then came the Amazon, the daughter of great-souled Ares the slayer of men." 3. The author of the Aethiopis says that Aias killed himself about dawn. THE LITTLE ILIAD 1. NEXT comes the Little Iliad in four books by Lesches of Mitylene: its contents are as follows. The adjudging of the arms of Achilles takes place, and Odysseus, by the contriving of Athena, gains them. Aias then becomes mad and destroys the herd of the Achaeans and kills himself. Next Odysseus· lies in wait and catches Helenus, who 50 9 THE EPIC CYCLE "E...."'€VOV .",afk",aVEt, . r.J ' IT€We; " TOVTOV, , 8' ava'YH. " .....' /Ca£" XP1JITaVTOC; 7rEpl, T1JC; a",w- €/C LlWfkl]81Je; t'o\ OE OVTOe; Tpw€e;. /L€Ta £0. €Le; THE LITTLE ILIAD '? Al]fkVOV M ' axaovoe; IE" V7rO , /Cal , 'A"" ~ , \' , fko1Jo/LaX1JITae; AEl;avop'l' /CT€£V€£' /CaL TOV V€ICPOV • '''I[ .... ' .. ' 0'a7rV7rO n €v€",aov ICaTa£/C£IT 8" €VTa a1J€",Ofk€VOt TOVITW oi 'EA€V1JV ' , "ICat ' ,,/a/LH, ","," , \ \ 8~ TaUTa Ll1J{cpofJoe; N " J. E07rTOl\.E/LOV r! ,.. t"~ '\ 'O~ , OVITIT€Ve; .I €/C ",fCVPOV a"/a'Ywv TO. 07r"a otoWlTt TO. TOV 7raTpoe;' /Ca£ ' AXtAA€ve; aVTlp cpavTlzt€Tat. 'E ' VpV7rVAOe; , 7rapa'YLV€Tat, ~, OE ' 'ri. €7rLICOVP0C; " "T ' °• T 1JI\.€'f'0V TO£C; pWITL ", lap£ITT€V01JTa '" ICa I aVTOV a7rO/cT€£V€t rr"" ,\'" , ' , /Cal at PW€C; 7rO"WpICOV1JTa£. /Cat N €07rTOAe/L0C;, 'E ' /CaT, 'A8" , ,~ , 7r€toc; 1Jvac; 7rpoa£peITtv TOV OOVP€WV fl I Y. '0 ,. ,,. L7r7rOV /CaTaIT/C€Va.,,€£, OVITITEVe; T€ a£ICtITa/LEVOe; f' "I'"'wv 7rapa'Y£V€Tat, ' , €aVTOV ICaTaITIC07rOe; etc; /CaL ,ava,,/vwp£IT0" ri."E' ' \ " , ' " €tC; V'f' "ev1Je; 7r€PI T1Je; al\.WITEWe; T1Je; f ~ I , , '8 "TPWWV ' ' l 7rOAEWe; ITVVTL €Tat, /cT€£Vae; T€ TLvae; TWV ' " Tac; vave; ...'..1..... €7r1 a'f'£ICVEtTa£. ,~ A , ,'. " ., /Cal /LETa. TaVTa ITVV , ,,,, uto/L1JOE£ TO 7ra"AaoWv €/C/C0fkl."E£ €IC ,,~, " rt " ' I '",IOU. ' T1JC; '" E7r€£Ta EtC; TOV OOVP€tOV L7r7rOV TOUC; aptITTOUe; 'r.Jr.J' , , ri."~ • Efk",t",aITaVT€e; Tac; T€ IT/C1JVIW /CaTa'f'''€c;;aVT€e;, OL \ " 'E ' , T'· " II.II.1JVWV ELe; €V€oOV ava,,/oVTat· II.O£7rOI TWV 8e , OL TpOOEe; TooV /CaICoov V7rOAa!3oVT€e; rl7r1JII.AaxOaL, "'''It.' .,' , "' ,," . O£€",OVTEC; /LEpOe; TL TOV T€t XOVC;, /Cal €UWXOVVTa£ we; , t''' rl ~, TOV T€ OOVPEWV t7r7rOU EtC; T1JV 7rO",W €IITOEXOVTaL, V€V£/C1J/cOT€C; TOUC; "EII.A1JVac;. 2. Pseudo-Herodotus, Life oj Homer. "I'IIIOV aELOW "'" .$; 'IS 5IO ,. "" " , '8 A ' 8 ' "APTJOS. 7ra ov uavaOl Epa7rOVTES Kal uapoavITJv EU7rWIIOV , \\ , 7rEpl 7rOl\l\a prophesies as to the taking of Troy, and Diomede accordingly brings Philoctetes from Lemnos. Philoc· tetes is healed by 1\1 achaon, fights in single combat with Alexandrus and kills him: the dead body is outraged by Menelaus, but the Trojans recover and bury it. After this Delphobus marries Helen, Odysseus brings Neoptolemus from Scyros and gives him his father's arms, and the ghost of Achilles appears to him. Eurypylus the son of Telephus arrives to aid the Trojans, shows his prowess and is killed by Neoptolemus. The Trojans are now closely beseiged, and Epeius, by Athena's instruction, builds the wooden horse. Odysseus disfigures himself and goes in to Ilium as a spy, and there being recognized by Helen, plots with her for the taking of the city; after killing certain of the Trojans, he "eturns to the ships. Next he carries the Palladium out of Troy with the help of Diomedes. Then after putting their best men in the wooden horse and burning their huts, the main body of the Hellenes sail to Tenedos. The Trojans, supposing their troubles over, destroy a part of their city wall and take the wooden horse into their city and feast as though they had conquered the Hellenes. 2. " I sing of Ilium and Dardania, the land of fine horses, wherein the DanaI, followers of Ares, suffered many things." SII THE EPIC CYCLE THE LITTLE ILIAD 3. 3. Schol. on Aristoph. Kn'ights 1056 and Aristophanes ib. ~ lUTopia ToilTOV TOV TpCYTrOV €xe~. OTt o~€cpepovTo 7repl TWV aptUTe[wv oTe Ata~ Kal 0 'OouuuE6~, &S~ CP7]UtV 0 T~V }UKpaV '!:\~t.foa 7r.£7r0~7]KW~. TOV N eUTopa oe uUfL/3ouA.€vuat TO'i~ "E"" I .1. \ 'f! '" ,\ , , ""'7]U~ 7rEfJ. 'I' at TlVa~ €!; aUTOOV U7rO Ta T€tX1] " TPWWV " , \"'~, TOOV WTa"OUUT7]UOVTa~ 7rEP' T7]~ avopeta~ " " , \~, "'B'€VTa~ TOOV 7rPO€tp7]fL€VWV 7]pWWV. TOU~ 0" 7r€fL'f' '" ~ '" I \" " " aKouuat 7rap 8'€VWV ota'f'€pOfLEVWV 7rpO~ a""'Y/"a~, • , 'i\ ' " A" , ' , , \ OOV T1]V fLEV €'y€tv oo~ 0 ta~ 7rOllU "PEtTTOOV €un " 'O~ I ~ , ~ TOU OUUUEW~, otepxofLEV'Y/V OUTOO~' The story runs as follows: Aias and Odysseus were quarrelling as to their achievements, says the poet of the Little Iliad, and Nestor advised the Hellenes to send some of their number to go to the foot of the walls and overhear what was said about the valour of the heroes named above. The eavesdroppers heard certain girls disputing, one of them saying that Aias was by far a better man than Odysseus and continuing as follows: "For Aias took up and carried out of the strife the hero, Peleus' son: this great Odysseus cared not to do." To this another replied by Athena's contrivance: "Why, what is this you say? A thing against 'reason and untrue 1 .... Even a woman could carry a load once a man had put it on her shoulder; but she could not fight. For she would fail with fear if she should fight." t " \ .ae~p€ /Ca~, €K " Epe 07]!oT']TM ~ , "lap fLEV ~pw II7]Ae£o'Y/v ovo' ~8€A.€ 'io~ 'Oouuuev~. A "~a<; , T7]V ~, 0 f I , ,.. eTEpav aVTet7retV ,..,,,,' 'A8" 7]va~ ,.., , 7rPOI'OLl!, '!..' " E7r€'f'WV'Y/uw; 7rOO~ ou KaTa /Cou fLOV EEt7r€~ +EVOO~; ••• /.,'" 8 " /C€V aV7]p " ,ava B' '/CatI /CE "IUV'YJ' ,'f'epot ax O~ E7r€~ "1], "'l!. , 1 \ ' , aAA ou/c uv paXEUatTo' XEUHTO "lap Et pax€uano 7rOO~ 4. Eustathius, 285. 34. II T~V fLt/CptW '!A.uloa "Ipa•'I'1 ' A"~aVTa, a<;. 'tUTOP€t"~, fL7]O€ /Cau 8" 7]vat UUV'Y/' 8 00<; TOV re8ijvat De OJ)TOO~ f1autA.~w~. fV uopfj! Ota T~V OP"l~V TOU 5. n, Eustathiu8 on Homer, 326. 0 oe TryV fLt/CpaV 'I"'~ '.1.' y , ", T"'" "taoa "Ipa'l' a<; ava~eu'YvuvTa aUTOVa7rO 7]IIe'f'ou 7rPOUoPfLtu8ijvat f"E'i. IT7]A.e[o7]v 0' 'Ax,A.1ja CP€PE 'i,/cVPOVOE 86eA.},.(I., "8 " , "\.1,,\ ,,'/ " , EV a "I E~ ap"Ialleov "tfLEV "CETO VU"TO~ E"EtVl1~. 512 4. The writer of the Little Iliad says that Aias was not buried in the usual way,! but was simply buried in a coffin, because of the king's anger . 5. The author of the Little Iliad says that Achilles after putting out to sea from the country of Telephus came to land there. "The storm carried Achilles the son of Peleus to Scyros, and he came into an uneasy harbour there in that same night." , te. after cremation. 51 S THE LITILE ILIAD THE EPIC CYCLE 6. 6. Sckol. on Pindar, Nem. vi. 85. , " XPVU60<; aU'Tpa7T'T6t ICat\ " €7r ap.rp~ , .. avnt' "About the spear-shaft was a hoop of /lashing gold, and a point was fitted to it at either end." ot 7rOPIC"1" Sf£/Cpoo~ " atXfl/r/. 7. Schal. on Eur. Troades, 822. y 11,P.7r€AOV ;Jv Kpovto7J~ €7TOP6V ov 7Ta£oo~ a7ro£va X pVU€£O£<; pVAAour£v wyavotcnv ICop.o(})uav , '0' OV~ lo. t'Hri. ' , A , i ",a£u'To~ €7TaO"IC110"a~ 1...1££ 7Ta'Tp /1 0'TPVU£ ,t' " 8C,X', ci Aaop.eoov'T£ 7TOP6V avvp.'IO€O<; aVT£. ,~y , , oe .~, t'" t , r ' 8. I iii. 26. 9. M axaova ~''''' Pausanias, O€ V7rO E'lip v7rVAOV 'TOV T7JA~pOV T€A€v'Tflua£ p7JO"lv ci 'Ta l7T7J 7ro£~ua<; 'T~V p.£ICpav 'IAufoa. 9. Homer, Odyssey iv. 247 and Schol. " I " 11,)..;J\.'" 0' av'TOV P(})T£\ ICa'TaICpV7T'T(})V "1£O"IC6 T. , '" " y " \ 'Axa£(})v. " oelC'T'" 'TO£OS' €"1V €7Tt V7JVO"W ,II oS' ovow ci , \~" ..., I , '" ICVIC"J\.£ICOS' 'TO O€IC'TTJ ovop.aT£IC(})S' aICOV€£, 7rap ov , .paIC"1 , '/1' .!.' Pf/u£ 'TOV 'OovO"O"Ea ''Ta ",a OV'Ta P.€'T7Jp.",£auOa£, &S' OfJIC ~v fV 'TatS' v"1vO"l 'TO£OV'ToS' oio<; 'Oovu, , " 0"6US' axpfi.toS'. 10. Plutarch, Moralia, p. 153 "0 p.f/p0<;, ~~ P7JO"£ AeO"x"1~' F. ICa~ 7Tpo{)/1a"J\.' 'e." ,, ... i", Movua,p.ot €VV67T' t €IC€£va 'Ta\p.7J'T €"I€VOV'TO 7rapo£ .., It" , Ov p.7J'T EU'Ta£ p.6'T07TttT II • 7. " ... The vine which the son of Cronos gave him as a recompense for his son. It bloomed richly with soft leaves of gold and grape clusters; Hephaestus wrought it and gave it to his father Zeus: and he bestowed it on Laomedon as a price for Ganymedes." 8. The writer of the epic Little Iliad says that Machaon was killed by Eurypylus, the son of Telephus. 9. "He disguised himself, and made himself like another person, a beggar, the like of whom was not by the ships of the Achaeans." The Cyclic poet uses "beggar" as a substantive, and so means te say that when Odysseus had changed his clothes and put on rags, there was no one so good for nothing at the ships as Odysseus. 10.1 And Homer put forward the folloWing verses as Lesches gives them: "Muse, tell me of those things which neither happened before nor shall be hereafter." I This fragment comes from a version of the Coneest oj Homer and H<8iod widely different from that now extant. The words" as Lesches gives them (says)" seem to indicate that the verse and a half assigned to Homer came from the Little Iliad. It is possible they may have introduced some unusually Itriking inoident, luch ..s the actual Fan of Troy. 51 S THE EPIC CYCLE THE LITTLE ILIAD (£7TE1eplvaTO oE 'Hu[ooo~' aAA' (hav aftcp~ ~to~ TVft/3rp lCaVaXr/7r006'; T7r7TOt ~ '",,',," apftaTa UVVTpt'l' wUtV E7r6tryOftEVOt 7rEpt\ v£IC"lr;. lCa~ Ota ToiiTo AeryETat ftdAtUTa OaVftauOE~'; TOU '''' TVXEtV. " TPt7rOOO<; And Hesiod answered: "But when horses with rattling hoofs wreck chariots, striving for victory about the tomb of Zeus." And it is said that, because this reply was specially admired, Hesiod won the tripod (at the funeral games of Amphidamas). 11. Schol. Lycophr. 344. 0 !.[vwv 6J<; ~v a UTOO uvvT60Et~VOV, CPPVICTOV {J7rOoE[~a<; TOt<; "EAA"l~tV 6J<; ,#., f' o• A'€UX"l'; 'f'''lUtV "lVtlCa 'I! , , , , , N' , , VV\; ftEV E"lV ftEuu"l, ",aft7rp"l 0 E7I'ET6AA6 u6ArJV1J. ~ 12. oe Pausanias x. 25. 5. TETpWTat TOV /3pax[ova Ii ME'Y"l<;, lCaoa o~ lCa~ AefIXEwr; Ii AluxvA£vov " '€V 'I~' ~,' " ·DE' II vppato<; ",lOV II'EpUlOt €7rOt7]UE' TPW 0 ,]vat f \' I ,.. 1>.' "" 'l' , V7rO T']V ftaX"lv TOVTOV"V EV TV VVICTO EftaY€UaVTO . , 'A Oft,]TOV ~, r l . ' TOV "'AV'YEtOU. '" , Ot• T" PW6<; V7rO 'f'''lUt ryE0' 'A 'I> " ", , rypa7rTat DE lCat UICOft']O,]<; ••• EXWV TpaVfta E7rt " lCap7rlfJ' " A EUX6W<; ' rl.' " ., Trp 01>'. OUTW 'f'7]utV aUTOV V7r 'Aryr/vop0<; TpwOf)vat. (ib. 26. 4) 'AUTVVOOV 00 1>'"E7rOt,]uaTo lCa,, A'Euxew,; ftv,]ft7]v, , , 07] 7T€7rTWICOTa €'; ryovv Ii N€07rTOAEftO'; ~[cpEt 7ralet. (ib. 26. 8) , 1>, , "E~' , TV" A EUXEW'; De T€TpWftEVOV TOV ""lCaova EV , 0"" "O~ , \ VVICT0ftax,'f ryvwptu ']va, TE U7rO OUUUEW~ lCa. €~ax0f)vat 'WVTa €IC Tf),; WiX7]'; cp7]ulv. (ib. 27. 1) ' " A'EUX€W<; 'H tOvea l • 'N E071'TO",EftOV, ~ , , lCat\ aUTWV V71'0 TOll Oe I/7TO tAOICTr}TOU cp,]ulv a7rOOavE'iv Tall" AOft7]TOV ••• IIplaftov oE olJ/e a71'00av€'iv ifcp7] AeuX€w" €7Tl , I ' '"a/\'",a "\ \ a7T00"71'aU , 0"€VTa a7rO, TV' " "Euxap'f TOU,.. 'EPICElOU, TOU /3WftOU 7Tdf€P'YOV Tr[) N€071'TOAEftrp 71'po<; Tai" Tf)<; ollC[a" ryEvEuOat Ovpat<; ••• ' A~lova oE 71'aioa • II ' A'€uxew,; lCat\ a7TO ' '0 aV6tll ... aVTOV " f , EtVat ptaftOu V7TO oe, $16 11. Sinon, as it had been arranged with him, secretly showed a signal-light to the Hellenes. Thus Lesches writes : " It was midnight, and the clear moon was rising." 12. Meges is represented 1 wounded in the arm just as Lescheos the son of Aeschylinus of Pyrrha describes in his Sack of Ilium where it is said that he was wounded in the battle which the Trojans fought in the night by Admetus, son of Augeias. Lycomedes too is in the picture with a wound in the wrist, and Lescheos says he was so wounded by Agenor ... Lescheos also mentions'Astynoiis, and here he is, fallen on one knee, while Neoptolemus strikes him with his sword . . . The same writer says that Helicaon was wounded in the night-battle, but was recognised by Odysseus and by him conducted alive out of the fight ..• Of them,2 Lescheos says that E,on was killed by Neoptolemus, and Admetus by Philoctetes . . . He also says that Priam was not killed at the hearth of Zeus Herceius, but was dragged away from the altar and destroyed offhand by N eoptolemus at the doors of the house ... Lescheos says that Axion was the son of Priam and 1 i.e. in the paintings by Polygnotu3 at Delphi. • i.e. the dea.d bodies in the picture. THE EPIC CYCLE at ~ 'EV P.OllO~ ',1.." ' TOV 't'"Ut. TOV~ 'Ary1]II0p~ n " , \ \ N '... ' , O~ KaTa TOil aVTOII 7TOt1]T'711 e07TTOfl./'p.Or; aVTOxetp lUT!. 'EVPV7TVI'QV '" - 13. Aristoph. Lysistr. 155 and Sahol. ryoov MEIIJ;>"ao~ 'TUS 'E~IIa<; 'Ta p.a;>..& 7Ta ryvp.lla~ 7Tapav£8oJII 19l{3a;>'" 0[00 TO gtcpor;. Ii ••• 'Ta 8' aVTa Kal ,MuX'T}<; P.tKPq, 'l;>"ta8t. Ii IIvppaio<; ell 'TV Pausania8 x. 25. 8. AJuxero<; 8e El~ 'T~II AUJpall " . , 1]'" •... CUKE'TO ~I'"'£011 v7TEi>e", '~"'8~ , E7TO£'T}UEII 'T}VHca ovuav E£~ '.' \ a't'tKEu '''' '0 at 'TO"E""''''1]IIroll ' 'TO, u'Tpa'To1l"€00ll aVT1]II Kal V1I"0 'ToJll7Taloroll ryllroptuOi'l"a£ 'Tooll ®'T}u&ror;, Kal , 7Tap"Aryap.ep.vollor; l "A "'~ " wr; atT'T}O'at <.>.'T}p.0't'WII aV'T1]II. ,o 0. 'EKEWrp , ' p.€11 \ E'0"E",E'" Xap£,EO' 'y 0at, 7TO£1]O'Etll ' . ' oe,OV , 'fA.. \ '-E" ... , ' " ,\ 7TPO'T€POII €'f'1] 7TpW "'EII'T}V 7Te£O'at· a7ToO'Tn",all'TI ., av'Ttp , "K'T}pVKa ' •• 'E'""'EII1] ' 'T1]II \ Xapw. , oe €oroK611 a. Sahol. Lycophr. Alex. 1268. , \ 'AXt"",,'T}o~ ...... " aV'Tap ' ",'. " p.Erya 0Vp.OV 'f'awlP.o<; v£o<; 'E K'TOpE'T}II 'N, ' ",\~ a",oxoll Ka'TaryEII Ko£",ar; e7T£ II1]a<;' ~. .' ' ... \ EK , KO",7TOV '... ", ' 7Ta£oa 0 E",WII EV7T!\OKap.0lo n 0 1]V'T}~ ~ '",,. to-' 'T1!'TarywII , a7TO ' \7TVpryOV' ' 'to' , pt'r € 7Tooor; 'TOV OE 7TEO'OVTa g;>..;>..a{3E 7TOpcpvp€or; 8&vaTor; Kal p.o'ipa Kpa'Ta,.]. lK 8' liJI.EV 'AII8pop.a'J).'T}v, 07vswvov 7TapaKO£'TlII "EK'TOpOr;, 7jV'TE ol av'T,p ap£O''TfjE<; IIallaxa£ooll /0'" " " , {3' " t' , OWKav EYElV E7T£'T}POII ap.EI ·0p.EVOI ryEpar; avopt, ,\ {~A' ..." , • , aVTOV 'T ryXtO'ao K",VTOII ryOVOII £7T7Tooap.Oto 'AIVetall " €II V1]VUW \ E'{3' , 'T}O'aTO 7TOV'T07TOPOtO'lII , , A ~" , .~ H, ... 11K 7TallTroll <.>.avawv aryEp.€V 'ryEpar; Ei>0XOV a"",roll. THE LITTLE ILIAD was slain by Eurypylus, the son of Euaemon. Agenor-according to the same poet-was butchered by Neoptolemus. 13. "Menelaus at least, when he caught a glimpse somehow of the breasts of Helen unclad, cast away his sword, methinks." Lesches the Pyrrhaean also has the same account in his Little Iliad. Concerning Aethra Lesches relates that when Ilium was taken she stole out of the city and came to the Hellenic camp, where she was recognised by the sons of Theseus; and that Demophon asked her of Agamemnon. Agamemnon wished to grant him this favour, but he would not do so until Helen consented. And when he sent a herald, Helen granted his request. 14. "Then the bright son of bold Achilles led the wife of Hector to the hollow ships; but her son he snatched from the bosom of his rich-haired nurse and seized him by the foot and cast him from a tower. So when he had fallen bloody death and hard fate seized on Astyanax, Aud Neoptolemus chose out Andromache, Hector's well-girded wife, and the chiefs of all the Achaeans gave her to him to hold requiting him with a welcome prize. And he put Aeneas,! the famous son of horse-taming Anchises, on board his sea-faring ships, a prize surpassing those of all the Danaans." I According to this version Aeneas was taken to Pharsalia. Better known are the Homerio IIccount (according to which Aenea. founded II new dynasty at Troy), and the legends which make him seek a new home in Italy. THE EPIC CYCLE THE SACK OF ILIUM IAIOT I1EPl;Il; THE SACK OF ILIUM "E'71"E'Ta£ 8~ 'TOV'TOt~ 'lA.lov l1ep(nSo~ {It/3A.ta , ,~, I 7r€pt€xov'Ta 'Ta06. ro~ 'Ta \ 'f/ II' T.... JI 7rEpt 'TOV t7r7rOV O£ pWE~ U7rO'71"'TOO~ €XOVT€~ , Q~' d 1 0 \ '71"6ptU'TaV'TE~ fJOU",EUOV'Tat 0 'Tt XP'1J 7rOt€tV· "at o I ~ " " , " ., 'Tot~ fUiv OO"Et "a'Ta"P'1Jfl-Vtuat au'TOV, 'TOt~ De ,1..."\ I II' to\ 'fA. t' ... .. "a'Ta,!,"'E"!€tV' at DE t€POV au'TOV E'!'auav o€tv 'TV 'A8'1Jva" ,ava'TE 8" "" 1Jl'at· "at"~ 'T€"'O~ Vt"'! '1J 'TOU'TooV I & I~' , 'r/.. I , ... ,,!VOOfl-'1J. 'Tpa7rElJ'TE~ DE €t~ W'f'POUUV'1JV WOOXOVV'Tat W~ o'7r'1JA.A.a"!fLlvot 'TOU 7rOA.Efl-OV. EV au'Trp Se , . ' , rl-.' , 'TOUTrp DUO' . opa"OV'TE~ €7rt'f'alJEV'TE~ 'TOV 'TE A ao, , I rl-.8' KOoolJ'Ta "at 'TOV €'TEpOV TooV 7rawrov ota'!' €tpovutv' , \ .DE ' 'Trp "'TEpa'Tt ' ~ rl-.' " 'TOV E'71"t ouu,!,op'}uaV'TE~ Ot' 7rEpt 'f:"~8 ' I "I. I ~, \ " A tVEtaV U7rEr;;1J'" ov Et~ T'1JV O1JV' Kat "",tvoov 'TOU~ \ ' , " " A ' " I ,"\ 7rUpUOU~ avtUX6t 'TOt~ xatot~, 7rPOT6POV El.UE/I.'1J~ 8 \ , , • \ E" , TEV€DOU '. 7rPOU'71"",EU~ , ",u ro~ '71"pOU7rot'1JTO~. Ot DE \f, ... ~ 'f'/ " uaVTE'> Kat Ot E" 'TOV OOUPEtOU L'71"7rOV E7rt7rt7rTOUUt " ~, I ~ ~ , , ~, "~ 'TOt'> '71"O"'EfLtOt'>, "at 7rO",,,.OU,> aVE",OV'TE,> T'}V 7rO",tv Ka'Td. Kp(ho,> A.afL(3avovut. "a~ N EO'71"'TOA.EfLO~ fL~V , ' 1 1ptafl-0v ' " 'TOV , 'TOU"A' ' a7rO"TEtv€t E7rt to" TOV" ' E P"EtOV Q I rl-.' M €VE",aO" ''" .',aVEuprov I 'E~' fJOOfLOV "a'Ta'!'u"!ovTa. DE /l.E, I I A '1Jt'!'ofJov 'rl-. Q rl-. ' V'1JV E7rt 'Ta" vau,> "a'Ta"!€t, '!'ovEuua". '. • I A"La" 0, '1'"' '(3"tava7rou7roov K auualJopav De ",eoo,> 1 7rPO" uuv€cplA."€Tat 'TO T1)" 'A81Jvo", ~oavov' 7rapo~uv8lv'T€" 01 "EA.A.'}VE" "aTaA.dJuat (3ouAEUovTat 'A"taV'Ta, '~I' I 'A8. '1Jva~ (3 oofLov I 'TOV DE E7rt\ TOV T11~ rl.. ' ' , "a'Ta,!,EU'YEt Kat vtaulfJ~E'Tat E" 'TOV0 errt"EtfLEVOV 13 'AP"'TtVOV ' M t"''1JUtou, ~, 11" 11" " do,. 0 • , 0 dc?' rp ° '.'l- I So MSS. 0 ' This form is confirmed (a. against Heyne', •Dr"" .. s) by Hesiod, Catalogue., frag. 83. 520 0 1. NEXT come two books of the Sack of Ilium, by Arctinus of Miletus with the following contents. The Trojans were suspicious of the wooden horse and standing round it debated what they ought to do. Some thought they ought to hurl it down from the rocks, others to burn it up, while others said they ought to dedicate it to Athena. At last this third opinion prevailed. Then they turned to mirth and feasting believing the war was at an end. But at this very time two serpents appeared and destroyed Laocoon and one of his two sons, a portent which so alarmed the followers of Aeneas that they withdrew to Ida. Sinon then raised the fire-signal to the Achaeans, having previously got into the city by pretence. The Greeks then sailed in from Tenedos, and those in the wooden horse came out and fell upon their enemies, killing many and storming the city. Neoptolemus kills Priam who had fled to the altar of Zeus Herceius 1; Menelaus finds Helen and takes her to the ships, after killing Deiphobus; and Aias the son of Ileus, while trying to drag Cassandra away by force, tears away with her the image of Athena. At this the Greeks are so enraged that they determine to stone Aias, who only escapes from the danger threatening him by taking refuge at the 1 Zeus is 80 called because it was customary for an altar dedicated to him to be placed in the forecourt (~pK.S) of a house Cpo Homer, Odyssey xxii. 334-5, THE EPIC CYCLE THE SACK OF ILIUM altar of Athena. The Greeks, after burning the city, sacrifice Polyxena at the tomb of Achilles: Odysseus murders Astyanax; Neoptolemus takes Andromache as his prize, and the remaining spoils are divided. Demophon and Acamas find Aethra and take her with them. Lastly the Greeks sail away and Athena plans to destroy them on the high seas. 2. 2. Dionysiul Halicarn. Rom. Antiq. i. 68. 'Ap"TZvo~ oe ¢'YJow V7TlJ .:ltlJS' oo8fivat .:lapoavrp 7TaAA.aOtOv t\ . . . , 'I' / I 11', I ev "at,'!' eLVat TOVTO ev /\'£'1' TewS' 'YJ 7TO/\,tS' 'YJ/\,tu"eTo , " a ~", " "e"pvp,p,evov ev afJaTrp, ' Et"ova 0 €"nvov "aTeI to ,.."'- ' u"evaup,€v'YJv WS' p''YJo€V T'YJS' apX€TV7TOV ot'-"'l'ep€tv " ""t:J"\.' rI ,,f.. a7TaT'YJS' TWV €7TtfJOV/\,€VOVTWV ev€"a €V 't'av€prp... ' €7TtfJOVI\.IsvuallTaS' , Q , ' " T€8'YJvat "a,' " aVT'YJV 'A XatovS' AafJeill. II' f ~\ ..., " , 3. Schol. on Ewr. A nclromache 10. , According to Arctinus, one Palladium was given to Dardanus by Zeus, and this was in Ilium until the city was taken. It was hidden in a secret place, and a copy was made resembling the original in all points and set up for all to see, in order to deceive those w:ho might have designs against it. This copy the Achaeans took as a result of their plots. 3. The Cyclic poet who composed the Sack says that Astyanax was also hurled from the city wall, 4. For the followers of Acamas and Demophon took no share-it is said-of the spoils, but only Aethra, for whose sake, indeed, they came to Ilium with Menestheus to lead them. Lysimachus, however, says that the author of the Sack writes as follows: "The lord Agamemnon gave gifts to the Sons of Theseus and to bold Menestheus, shepherd of hosts." THE EPIC CYCLE THE RETURNS 5. 5. Eustathim on Iliad xiii. 515. ,~, OVoE " , E71'1 71'aVTa~ lVlol Ot cpaaw ro~ ° M' " , TOV~ laTpov~ I JI €71'atVO~ ., OVTO~ , ,,"'\ ,,\' , \ \ d , eun "OIVO~, a",,,,a e7n TOV axaova, ov p,OVOV Xetpovprye'iv TtVe~ A.ryovat· TOV ryap IIooaA.elptov o "8 ' " "EOtlCE lCal\ 'APICTtVo" " olalTaa at vouou" ••• TOUTO EV 'lA-lou IIop8~aEt VOp,irEtV fV 01" cp7Jat " , -r/.."~ \ "\ "Evvoavyaw') ' aVTO~ ryap a't'tV EorolCE 71'aT7Jp IC"'UTO~ t" fIt'" , "8 ap,'t'oTepOt~, ETEpOV 0 ETEpOV KVotOV € 1)ICE' ., ..1..' .. , JI {3'eAEp,va TfP. .p'EV 1C0U't'oTepa~ xelpa~ 71'OpEV elC Te aaplCo~ €Ae'iv Tp,r,l;a£ TE lCat tAlCEa 71'aVT' alC€uau8al. if " I , ,\ TfP... 0t'" ap alCpt{3 ea 71'aVTa €VI UT7J'8euutv €"8"IICEV " , T€ ryvrovat " ... 8€a' ·l'1Juau ' 8al' aUICo7l'a lCal" ava", •• , AJ' . . '8 ' o~ pa /Cal LaVTO~ 71'proTO~ p,a € xwop,eVoto V , ,T"aUTpa7l'TOliTa {apVIIOfL€VOV 3" , op,p,aTa T€ IIO'7fLa. , "" fof 6. Diomedes in Gramm. Lat. i. 477. Ii "IafL{3o~ fl; oAlryov olaf3a~ 71'pocpopfP 71'00£ lJcpp' oi 'Yv'ia , f , " 8 ' ,,~ " T€tVOp,€va proOITO /Cat €ua €V€~ EIOO~ EXvut. 6. "Iambus stood a little while astride with foot advanced, that so his strained limbs might get power and have a show of ready strength." NO~TOI THE RETURNS l. 1. AFTER the Sack of Ilium follow the Retllr71s in five books by Agias of Troezen. Their contents are as folIows. Athena causes a quarrel between Agamemnon and Menelaus about the voyage from Troy. Agamemnon then stays on to appease the anger of Athena. Diomedes and Nestor put out to sea and I Ie. knowledge of both lurgery Iond of drug. Proclu8, Chrestomathy. ~"V&'71'T61 Be T06-rOt~ Tt\ N OUTWV {3t{3A.ta e' 'Arylov T potr7JlIlov 71'Ept, ",. 'A81)lIa" ' A ' ' ExoliTa TaoE. "fafL€fLvova /Cal''''f lV. €veA.aOV , . 8' ' " " ' " 'A l Et~ EplV lCa tUT7JUt 71'Epl TOU €1C7I'",OV. 'Yap,€fLvrov , DVV • TOV , T'1J~ "'A8" 'f: ... ' ' ... p'EV >,/va, €c;;t"","uOp,6j)O~ XO"'OV f71'tp,tVEI, Atop,~o'7~ oe Ka£ N €UTrop avax8ellTE~ T&iV Some say that such praise as this 1 does not apply to physicians generally, but only to Machaon: and some say that he only practised surgery, while Podaleirius treated sicknesses. Arctinus in the Sack of Ilium seems to be of this opinion when he says: "For their father the famous Earth-Shaker gave both of them gifts, makiug each more glorious than the other. To the one he gave hands more light to draw or cut out missiles from the flesh and to heal alI kinds of wounds; but in the heart of the other he put full and perfect knowledge to tell hidden diseases and cure desperate sicknesses. It was he who first noticed Aias' flashing eyes and clouded mind when he was enraged." THE EPIC CYCLE THE RETURNS get safely home. After them Menelaus sets out and reaches Egypt with five ships, the rest having been destroyed on the high seas. Those with Calchas, Leontes, and Polypoetes go by land to Colophon and bury Teiresias who died there. When Agamemnon and his followers were sailing away, the ghost of Achilles appeared and tried to prevent them by foretelling what should befall them. The storm at the rocks called Capherides is then described, with the end of Locrian Aias. Neoptolemus, warned by Thetis, journeys overland and, coming into Thrace, meets Odysseus at Maronea, and then finishes the rest of his journey after burying Phoenix who dies on the way. He himself is recognized by Peleus on reaching the Molossi. Then comes the murder of Agamemnon by Aegisthus and Clytaemnestra, followed by the vengeance of Orestes and Pylades. Finally, Menelaus returns home. 2. Argument to Eur. Medea. " A,', aV'T£/ea 0~'A'HTova 0" rl /cE 'I'~"ov , /Copov 7]'(3' rooV'Ta " 'I: I "" , '. 'Y'1par; a'TT'o,.vuaua ,OVlvUt 'TT'pa7noEuUt, cpapfLa/Ca 'TT'OA.A.' ltovu' E'TT't XpuuElO£ 2. "Forthwith Medea made Aeson a sweet young boy and stripped his old age from him by her cunning skill, when she had made a brew of many herbs ill her golden cauldrons." 3. 3. 'RpatcXea ®Epiu/Cvpav 'TT'oX" " "1 '. " " fL7] '~I Optcovv'Ta 'T'7V €'TT'O0 'CI€PfLrooOV'Tt e"EtV ouvau0 at, "" , ~" epau 0 etuav " 'A ' " 'CI7]uewr; oe V'Tto7T7]v-U'Tpa'T€vuat , ~ 'R ' " I fU\' ~ " , 'Yap afLa pa/C",e~ /Cao 'CI7]uea-'TT'apaOovlla. 'TO , ,~, 'R ' , XroptOIl. 'Taue fLell 'Ytar; 'TT'.7TO''1/efll. The story goes that Heracles was besieging Themiscyra on the Thermodon and could not take it; but Antiope, being in love with Theseus who was with Heracles on this expedition, betrayed the place. Hegias gives this account in his poem. Pau8anias, i. 2. 526 THE RETURNS THE EPIC CYCLE Eustathius, 4. 1796.45. 0 oE 4. TOV~ NouTou~ 7rot..Jua~ KoA.o • " T'YJ"'€'Yovov ' , UUT€POV 'Y'YJf1-at, 'YfJf1-at IT 'YJVEA.07f'YJV, " 'TOV " o€ E!C K'tp!C'YJ~ avTt, The Colophonian author of the Returns says that Telemachus afterwards married Circe, while Telegonus the son of Circe correspondingly married Penelope. 5. 5. Clement 0/ Alex. Strom. vi. 2. 12. 8. "For gifts beguile men's minds and their deeds as 0" \, ' "" A, , '" owpa 'Yap av 8pW7rWV vouv 'YJ7ra'l'EV 'YJVE !Ca.,~ epya. I 6. 6. Pau&anias, x. 28. 7. ~ oE '0f1-..Jpou 7rot'YJute; ••• , ''Yap . '0'YJ"€V TaUTat~ !Ca.\ Ka.\ Ot'N' OUTOt-f1-V'YJf1-'YJ "A" , " , " " , "" tooU !Ca. TWV E!C€t V€tf1-aTWV €uTtv-tuautv '.' E"upuvof1-ov oatf1-0va. • , ~uo€va Athenaeus, 281 B. 0 'Yovv T~V TW" 'ATP€tOWV , 0 , -I.' ", , ' 'Trot'YJuae; !Ca'8 ovov a'l'tKof1-€VOV aUTOV "'€'Y€t 7rpO~ , 8 ' \ • 't:> ' 1 : ' " TOue; €oue; !Ca. UUVotaTpt/-JOVTa €<;;ouuta~ TUX€tV ' " 8 • , 8 " TOV ' .O€ \ 7fapa, TaU" A /..l,to~ atT'YJuau at OTOU €7f! U'fEt. " , , , ',' 0 " 7fpO~ Ta~ a7ro",auu€t~ a7f"''YJuTW~ ota!C€tf1-€VOV, U7f€P , ,. , , , 8 \ aUTW" T€ TOUTWV f1-VEtav 7fOt1]uau at !Cat TaU ~'YJV , " I ,.. 8" 'A.' o.~ 't' I TOV aUTOV TP07fOV TOte; €Ot~' €'I' U'yava!CT1]'A ' T'YJV , f1-€V , euX'YJv ", ,1 " " T'YJV uaVTa TOV uta, a7fOTe"",Uat ota ,U7fOUX€utV, , 07fW~ oe f1-'YJ0€V a7fo",auy TWV 7rapa, ,'" !C€tf1-€VWV a",,,,a otaT€",y" TapaTT0f1-€VOe;, U7rep T'YJ~ A, ' " 'e' ," I . ' • , , , , IC€'I'a"''YJe; €r,;'YJpT'YJU€V aUTfP 7r€TPOV, Ot ov ou ouvaTal ,., ,.., TWV 7Tapa.!C€tf1-EVWV TUX€tV OUO€Vo~. ,.~,... ..'.",'" '",,, , , , 1 ~ , Clement &ttributes this line to Augi&s: probably Agias i. intended. well." The poetry of Homer and the Returns-for here too there is an account of Hades and the terrors there-know of no spirit named Eurynomus. The writer of the Return of the Atreidae 1 says that Tantalus came and lived with the gods, and was permitted to ask for whatever he desired. But the man was so immoderately given to pleasures that he asked for these and for a life like the life of the gods. At this Zeus was annoyed, but fulfilled his prayer because of his own promise; but to prevent him from enjoying any of the pleasures provided, and to keep him continually harassed, he hung a stone over his head which prevents him from ever reaching any of the pleasant things near by. 1 Identical with the Returns, in which the Sons of Atreus occupy the most prominent parts. THE EPIC CYCLE THE TELEGONY THAErONIA THE TELEGONY 1. 1. Proclus, Chrestomathy. 1\""' UTa TaVTa "" €UTtv ' 0 p'1]' pOV 'OOuuu€ta' €71"€tTa T1]7I.E'Y0v£a<; j3t(3A£a OUO ' , K ' , ,~, vp1]vawv, 71"EptEXOVTa TaoE. Ot E V'Yap,p,fJJVO<; I ~ \ "" , 0' , p'V1]UTOP€<; V71"O TfJJV 71"POU1]"OVTfJJV a71"TOVTat' "at 'OOVUU€V<; OUUM N up,¢at<; €l<; ·H7I.tv a71"071"A€t €71"tu,,€,/rop,€vo<; Ta (3ov,,671.ta "at gEvlSETat wapa I:: J ~"' Te "\",ap,l-'aV€t Q ' " , \ IT07l.V\iEVfJJ VfJJPOV "paT1]pa, "at, €'lf> TOUTip 71"ept TpfJJ¢rovtov "at 'A'Yap,'1]o1]V "at 'A v'Y€av. ,,, , '10 a"1]v I "\, \ II' , €71"EtTa €t<; "aTaw",evua<; Ta~ V71"O , '0' "\"0' , , " Tetp€u£oV P1] €tua<; TE",Et vu£a<;. "a£ p,ETa TaVTa €l<; (8)euwpOJTOV<; t1¢ucv€!mt "at 'Yap,E! Ka7l.7I.tOl"1]V (3au£7I.£oa TfJJV ..t:<JEU71"POJTfJJV. UVVt" "€WetTa TrO",€p,o<; ,"\ ' " "" " ' B' , UTaTat TO£<; ..t:<JeuwpWTOt, Trpo<; pV'Yov<;, '0" OVUU€w<; f , , "0a "Ap1]<; TOV, ' Tr€pt\TOV " 0 "ovuum , 1)ryOVP,€vov' €VTaV , " "", , 'AO" 0' T p€W€Tat, "at aVTfJJ 13£, p,aX1]v 1]va "a £UTaTat. TOUTOV<; p,~v 'ATro-A7I.0Jv ota7l.u€£· p,€Ta oe T~V Ka7l.~, " , Q "\, ".' Alat"1]<; Te7l.€VT1]v, T1]V p'EV !-'aut",€tav otaV€X€Ta£ , '0 l'> I f I ,'t'>', II07l.v71"otT1]<; OUUU€OJ<; Vta" aUTO<; 0 H<; '10' a"1]v cupt"vetm£' "av TOUTf!' T1]A€'Yovo<; bTt S.JT1]utv Toil , , , r.J' , , '10'a"1]v TEp'VEt , , 7raTpo<; w7I.€OJv, a7ro!-,a<; €t<; T1]V T1)V " 'Q 0'1)ua<; 0.. '0"ouuuev<; ' "V7rO TOV" wat 0'0<; V1]UOV' €"l-'o1] , "" ,,, T" ~" , aVatp€tTa£ KaT aryvotav. 1]"'€ryOVO<; 0 €TrtryVOV<; T1)V ap,apTtav TO T€ TOV TraTp0<; uwp,a "at TOP , , IT"\' " T1]V fl'lT€pa , T1]7I.€p,axov "at\ T1)V 1]P€"'OW1)V wpo, .. ' , , , 0 ' " \ ' , fl-E 0tUT1]UtV' 1] OE aVTOV<; a avaTov<; WOI€£, "a, uvvot"e! TV p,~v ITVVE7I.OTr?] T1]7I.EryoVO<;, Klp"?] oe Ta '.. 'f """ , T'f}7I.Ep,axo<;. 530 , ,. , .. '" AFTER the Returns comes the Odyssey of Homer, and then the Telegon.'I in two books by Eugammon of Cyrene, which contain the following matters. The suitors of Penelope are buried by their kinsmen, and Odysseus, after sacrificing to the Nymphs, sails to Elis to inspect his herds. He is entertained there by Polyxenus and receives a mixing bowl as a gift; the story of Trophonius and Agamedes and Augeas then follows. He next sails back to Ithaca and performs the sacrifices ordered by Teiresias, and then goes to Thesprotis where he marries Callidice, queen of the Thesprotians. A war then breaks out between the Thesprotians, led by Odysseus, and the Brygi. Ares routs the army of Odysseus and Athena engages with Ares, until Apollo separates them. After the death of Callidice Polypoetes, the son of Odysseus, succeeds to the kingdom, while Odysseus himself returns to Ithaca. In the meantime Telegonus, while travelling in search of his father, lands on Ithaca and ravages the island: Odysseus comes out to defend his country, but is killed by his son unwittingly. Telegonus, on learning his mistake, transports his father's body with Penelope and Telemachus to his mother's island, where Circe makes them immortal, and Telegonus marries Penelope, and Telemachus Circe. 53 1 THE EPIC CYCLE THE TAKING OF OECHALIA 2. Eustathiu8, 1706. 35. ,'0 8~ T~V T7]AeyovE[,av 'Ypa1fra~ Kup7]va'io<; €/C }1-~V KaAu1fro£j~ T7]A~'YOVOV " ' 0 "oU(HTEl" 'ava'Ypa't'€l ',j..'1) T 1),,€oa}1-oP, ~ '" ' "DE ' UtaV €/C II 7]PEA07T7]<; T7]A~}1-axOp /Cat' A/Coua.[Aaop. 2. 'AMcI>IAPAOT ESEAA~I~ ... Pseudo-Herodott<s, Life I of I , Homer. , THE EXPEDITION OF AMPHIARAUSI /CaT~}1-EPo<; €P .. , t'l TOO U/cUT€£fJ1 ••• T7]P TE 7TO£7]UlV aUTol') E7TEoE£/cVUTO , AJLrptapaou ' , , \" TOU<; UJLVOU<; "t: ' "® ,(.) H 1)pa<; TE T7]V ES EAaUlav T7]V E') "LJ' TOU') E,) OEOU') , 7rE7TO£7]JLEVOU<; The author of the Telegony, a Cyrenaean, relates that Odysseus had by Calypso a son Telegonus or Teledamus, and by Penelope Telemachus and Acusilaus. , ... aUT/p. , /Ca£ SITTING there in the tanner's yard, Homer recited his poetry to them, the Expedition of Amphiaraus to Thebes and the Hymns to the Gods composed by him. THE TAKING OF OECHALIA 1. AN account has there been given of Eurytus and his daughter Iole, for whose sake Heracles sacked Oechalia. Homer also seems to have written on this subject, as that historian shows who relates that Creophylus of Sam os once had Homer for his guest and for a reward received the attribution of the poem which they call the Taking of Oechalia. Some however, assert the opposite; that Creophylus wrote the poem, and that Homer lent his name in return for his entertainment. And so Callimachus writes: " I am the work of that Samian who once received divine Homer in his house. I sing of Eurytus and all his woes and of golden-haired Ioleia, and am reputed one of Homer's works. ,Dear Heaven! how great an honour this for Creophylus ! " I The Expedition of A mphiaTa"", The Taking of O,chalia and Th. P hocai. were not included in the Epic Cycle, 53 2 533 THE EPIC CYCLE THE PHOCAIS 2. 2. Cramer, Anec. Oxon. i. 327. , , ' Ta, /Cat, aVTO~ " EV , o'/' ''''0' " 0P"7at. " pW'Ya"'Ea, a"'/l-0tutV " TOVTO ~'" OE " ,,' evp'lu0/l-Ev /Cat" EV " TlJ 0't xa"'ta~ a",WUEt. 3. Schol. on Soph. Tmch. 266. OtacpwvE'iTat oe Ii " E VPVTtOWV ' ~" ' 8ft.O~· ' 'R' ~ , , ~, TWV apt utooO~ f£EV 'Yap 0 .I. 'I: E' , ' "~" 'f'TJUtV VPVTOV /Cal" A VTWXTJr; ?Tatvar; OVTW~, E. Kp€wcpvhor; Oe /3'. 4. ... "Ragged garments, even those which now you see." This verse (Odyssey xiv. 343) we shall also find in the Taking of Oechalia. 3. There is a disagreement as to the number of the sons of Eurytus. For Hesiod says Eurytus and Antioche had as many as four sons; but Creophylus says two. 4. Schol. on Eur. Medea, 27 3. t:.lOVf£O~ o~ ?Tapan'0 ETat Ta' KPEW,/,V",OV '" '" exovTa OVTwr;' " TTJV , 'Yap M.)o€tav h€'Y€TM OtaTpl/3ovuav .Iv Koplv8~11 \ apxovTa " ,... ',K' , " TOV TOT€ T"7r; ?TO",€(I1r; peOVTa a?TO/CTEtVat cpapf£a/COtr;. O€luauav oe TOV~ cplhovr; /Cat TOV, ... '''',1., ... , 'A 8"7var;, ' 'tUV'Y'Y€v€£r; aVTOV ,/,V'Y€W €tr; TOV~ De\ " , \, " , '1::" , "'\ VWVr;, €?T€t V€WTEPOI OVT€~ OV!C 'Yj0vvaVTO aICo",ovB€'iv, €?Tt Trw /3wf£ov Tf)r; 'A!Cpata~ "RPM !Ca8luat , , , ,.... rl-. ...... vOf£tuauav TOV ?TaT€pa aVTWV ,/,POVTt€tV T"7r; uw, ,,.. ,to' K pEOVTO~ I " , T"7pta~ aVTWV. TOV~ o€ Ot!Ce£Ov~ a?TO, " '" ~" , ' " 'M '. ICT€tVaVTar; aVTOV~ otaoovvat "'0'Y0v OTt "7 'Yjo€ta " ' K ' ',,\ "\ \ , , ov f£OVOV TOV pwvTa a",,,,a /Cat TOVr; eavTTJr; "0 " 'lTawar; a?T€!CTElVe. Didymus contrasts the following account given by Creophylus, which is as follows: while Medea was living in Corinth, she poisoned Creon, who was ruler of the city at that time, and because she feared his friends and kinsfolk, fled to Athens. However, since her sons were too young to go along with her, she left them at the altar of Hera Acraea, thinking that their father would see to their safety. But the relatives of Creon killed them and spread the story that Medea had killed her own children as well as Creon. IPnKAI~ THE PHOCAIS Pseudo-Herodotus, Life qf Homer. otaTpl/3wv oe ?Tapa, Tf['""" oi:'J€UTOptOlJ ••• '''' ?TOtEt"'I'",WDa '. TTJV , e",auuw '" !Cat" TTJV /Ca",OVf£€v"7V 'Vw!Cawa, "7V ,/,autV Ot' , , '" IPw!Cale'ir; "Of£TJPOV 'Trap' aiJToZut 'lTotf)uat. While living with Thestorides, Homer composed the Lesser Iliad and the Phocais; though the Phocaeans say that he composed the latter among them. f '. 534 "'" ... 535 THE EPIC CYCLE THE MAR GITES MAPrITH~ THE MARGITES 1. 1. 8uiaas. IIt'Ypt)~· Kap a'lrO 'Ai\ucapvaO'O'ou, '~i\-I.' ' " .ev TOt~ " 'lr0 i\'Ep,Ot~ ota~ aoe '/'o~ 'A pTelLtO'ta~ Tt)~ cpavou~, MauO'wi\ou 'Yuvatlco~ 1 • • • €'Ypate Iax[av. A Carian of Halicarnassus and brother of Artemisia, wife of Mausolus, who distinguished herself in war . .. He also wrote the Margites attributed to Homer and the Battle of the Frogs and 2. Atili-w Fortunatian-w, p. 286, Keil. ~i\8e Tt~ el~ Koi\oi/>wva 'Yepwv I 3. Plato, Alcib. ii. p. 147 '\.,\'" " 71'0",,,, t)7I'tO'TaTO ep'Ya, PIGRES. Mice. 2. "There came to Colophon an old man and divine singer, a servant of the Muses and of far-shooting Apollo. In his dear hands he held a sweet-toned .. Iyre. 3. A. "'\:1-'" 0 t)7I'tO'TaTO I I 71'aVTa. Aristotle, Hie. Etk. vi. 7, 1141. \ ",,,, ,., 8eDt'f:}feO'av OUT "" apOTt)pa ... TOV 0t" OUT ap O'l "He knew many things but knew all badly The gods had taught him neither to dig nor to plough, nor any other skill; he failed in every craft:' 4. 4. Sokol. on Aeschines in Gtes. § 160. Map'YLTt)v -I. ' W 8 PW7I'0V ' .o~ ETWV '" 'i\" ,/,t)O'tV av ryEryov€Va, 71'0", WI! I ,,'to "'f , ryEv0fJ>evo~ OUI< yot) oO'Tt~ aUTov eTel<eV, 71'OTEPOV o 71'aT~p f} ~ p,~Tt)P, Til oe ryafJ>eTfj OUI< €XpiiTO' He refers to Margites, a man who, though well grown up, did not know whether it was his father or his mother who gave him birth, and would not lie with his wife, saying that he was rI 1 This Artemisia, who distinguished herself at the battle of Salamis (Herodotus vii. 99) i. here confused with the later Artemisia, the wife of Mausolu., who died 350 B.O. 53 6 537 THE EPIC CYCLE THE CERCOPES afraid she might give a bad account of him to her mother. 5. Zenobiu8, v. 68. , "1:" ',,\' t: ',\,,\' ,... 0:\ I 1 'frOAA, OW all.W7r'1}. all.lI. €XtVOS- €V p,€"/a. KEPKnIIE~ 5. "The fox knows many a wile; but the hedge-hog's one trick 1 can beat them all." THE CERCOPES CERCOPES, These were two brothers living upon the earth who practised every kind of knavery. They were called Cercopes 2 because of their cunning doings: one of them was named Passalus and the other Acmon. Their mother, a daughter of Memnon, seeing their tricks, told them to keep clear of Blackbottom, that is, of Heracles. These Cercopes were sons of Theia and Ocean, and are said to have been turned to stone for trying to deceive Zeus. , , ... " "" ~, 2 +eVlTTaS-, 'YJ7repO'fr'YJas-, ap,'YJxava T €p,,/a Oa€VTa~, €~a7raT'YJTi'JpaS-' 7rOAA~V 13' €7r~ 'Ya'iav l6VT€S, 8PW7rOVSI " ',\ ' " , av a7raTalTKOV, all.wp,eVOt '1}p,aTa 7raVTa. 1 Attributed to Homer by Zen~biu8, and ~y Bergk to the • Lobeok , In' c\;.vvavTEf, SUldaB. Marqit... " Liars and cheats, skilled in deeds irremediable, accomplished knaves. Far over the world they roamed deceiving men as they wandered continually." 1 ;, e. the fox knows many ways to bame it. foeB, while the hedge-hog knows one only which i. far more effectual. S i.e. "monkey-men." $39 1, . THE BATTLE OF THE FROGS AND MICE THE BATTLE OF THE FROGS AND MICE BATPAXOMYOMAXIA 'ApXOfL€VO~ .... B,... 7rP6JTOV MOVCTWV xopov , €fLOV , ,.,.7]'TOp €7rEVXOfLat " E,~ E", EtU A I '('I'~ liE 'EAtlCruvo~ rl"~", EtUEIC aOlO7]~, , .. €7r£ , \ 'YOVvaCTt , B'7]lCa, ...' ... " "Ap7]o~, 7rOI\,(!fLOIC",OVOV EP'YOV 'IV V€OV €V O€",'TOUTtV EfLOI~ ~" , o7]ptU a7rEtpECTI7]V, " , ", ... t:)IB €VXOfL€VO~ fL€P07rECTCTtU €V ova'Ta 7raCTI fJaA€CT at, ... I ,/.), 7rW~ fLV€~ EV fJa'TpaxouTtv , , aptCT'T€VCTaV'T€~ "t'''' , " 'Y7]'Y€V€WV avopwv fLtfLOVfL€VOt €P'Ya ' "E7rO~ €V , wS' Mv~ BV7]'TOIO"tV ..."€7]V' 7rO'TE f"t'Yav'TWV, 'I:" " , , 'TO£7]V 0 fiX€V apX7]v, Ot+aAeo~, 'YaAe7]~ lC[vovvov aAvEas-, ... , €V ,"\, ' ... 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EV 7rO"€fL01CTI p,aX'I]'T7]v " ' ... ,,\'" EfLfL€vat' a",,, a'Y€ B'" aCTUOV €7]V 'YEV€7]V WYOPEVII. f' 54 2 ", HERE I begin: and first I pray the choir of the Muses to come down from Helicon into my heart to aid the lay which I have newly written in tablets upon my knee. Fain would I sonnd in all men's ears that awful strife, that clamorous deed of War, and tell how the Mice proved their valour on the Frogs and rivalled the exploits of the Giants, those earth-born men, as the tale was told among mortals. Thus did the war begin. One day a thirsty Mouse who had escaped the ferret, dangerous foe, set his soft muzzle to the lake's brink and revelled in the sweet water. There a loud-voiced pond-larker spied him: and uttered such words as these. "Stranger, who are you ~ Whence come you to this shore, and who is he who begot you? Tell me all this truly and let me not find you lying. For if I find you worthy to be my friend, I will take you to my house and give you many noble gifts such as men give to their guests. I am the king Puff-jaw, and am honoured in all the pond, being ruler of the Frogs continually. The father that brought me up was Mud-man who mated with Waterlady by the banks of Eridanus. I see, indeed, that you are well-looking and stouter than the ordinary, a sceptred king and a warrior in fight; but, come, make haste and tell me your descent." 543 BAITLE OF FROGS AND MICE BAITLE OF FROGS AND MICE, 24-52 av 'l'txap7ra~ Imap,e[/3ETo ¢wv1)uev TE' TL7rT€ 'Yevo~ TOVj1-0V !;1)T€'i~; oryi\ov 0' ev a7raUW IlVOpW7rOt~ TE O€O'i~ TE /Cat ovpavlot~ 7rETE'YjVO'i,. ,T, , 1:'" i\ ' , \ .' " 'J." txaprra. j1-EV E'YW /Ct/C ']u/C0j1-a£' 6tj1-t OE /COvpo~ Tov 0' 1:' Tpw.apTao 25 ' rraTpo~ i \' '. ' VV j1-']T']P , j1-E'Ya ']TOpO~' 'Yj OE AEtX0j1-Vi\'Yj, OV'YaT~p rITEpVOTPW/cTOV /3auti\TJo~, 'Y€LVaTO 0' €v /Cai\v/3T1 j1-E It'at €~EOpb/raTo /3pOJTo'i~, 30 , , , , .. 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" OV OEot al' pwrrov It'a£7rEp j1-E'Ya O"wj1-a 'l'0poVVTa, ' " . , .Oalt'TV , i\ OV alt'pov, " a'i\i\" E7r£' i \ EIt'TPOV £WV It'aTaoaKVW 45 , , i\ {.), \',,, ~ rl It'at 7!'TEPV"I' al-'0j1-7]V, It'a£ OV rrovo, avopa tlt'aVEV, /~ '" rI.. f! t' , , ,.. v"I0vj1-0' OVIt' a7rE'I'Ev'YEV vrrvo~ oaIt'VOvTQ, €j1-EtO. ' i \a' .oVW ' I .'. " , 'atav, . ai\ rraVTWV j1-a'i\ a oEWta 7raO"av Err , ' i \ ' " I I 0 " It'£plt'OV It'at 'Ya E7]V, Ot j1-0£ j1-€'Ya rrEV a'Y0vO"tV, '. O"TovoEO"O"av, , •• I orrov 00 i\'OEt, 7rEIi\ E 7rOTj1-0,' It'a£, 7!'u'Ytoa 0, rri\E/,O"ToV O~ 'Yui\e7]V 7rEP£OEloIU, 1)n, aplO"T7], ~ It'at TPW'Yi\oovovTa It'aTtl TPW'Yi\7]V €PEElvE£,l] J Lines 42-52 are intrusive; the list of vegetables which the Mouse cannot eat must follow immediately after the various dishes of which he does eat. 544 5i Then Crumb-snatcher answered him and said: "Why do you ask my race, which is well-known amOllO"st all , both men and gods and the birds of b heaven? Crumb-snatcher am I called, and I am the son of Bread-nibbler-he was my stuut-hearted fatherand my mother waS Quem-licker, the daughter of Ham-gnawer the king: she bare me in the mousehole and nourished me with food, figs and nuts and dainties of all kinds. But how are you to make me vour . friend, who am altogether different in nature? For you get your living in the water, but I am used to eat such foods as men have: I never miss the thricekneaded loaf in its neat, round basket, or the thinwrapped cake full of sesame and cheese, or the s~ice of ham, or liver vested in white fat, or cheese Just curdled from sweet milk, or delicious honey-cake which even the blessed gods long for, or any of all those cates which cooks make for the feasts of mortal men, larding their pots and pans with spices of all kinds. In battle I have never flinched from the cruel onset, but plunged straight into the fray and fought among the foremost. I fe,,:r not man though he has a big body, but run along hIS bed and bite the tip of his toe and nibble at his heel; and the man feels no hurt and his sweet. sleep is not broken by my biting. But there are two things I fear above all else the whole world over, the hawk and the ferret-for these bring great grief on meand the pi teous trap wherein is treacherous death. Most of all I fear the ferret of the keener sort which follows you still even when you dive down your hole. 54S BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE , I frl..' , '(:1 , BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE, 53-83 , OU TPro'Yro pa't'ava<;, ou "pap, a~, OU "OA.O"UVTa<;, ~" €7rt , (:1'oO'"o/Lat, OUoe ' .O'€A.~VOt<;· ,' ou" 7rpaO'O'ot~ x",roPOt<; ,.. ' t " , \ ,~, . . \, TaUTa 'Yap U/L€T€P €O'TtV €O€O' /LaTa TroV "aTa A.~/Lv'rJv. , Tao€ '. /L€totaO'a<; ., " ' , 00<; avTtOV " -. IIpo<; WUO'£'Yva 'l]uoa' 56 1:'" ,,\' , .... " , " \f,.. ",€we, ""'I]v auX€£<; E7r~ 'YaO'T€P£' €O'Tt "at 'rJ/LtV 7rOA.A.a /LOX EV "i/Lv'!) 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' 0pa/La H aV€'t'awETo, oElVOV " '" • l I ' , •• , '''. • , 7raO'tv 0ftro~' 0PUOV 0 U7r€O uoaTO~ ,£X' Tpax"lA.ov. 54 6 4; sewa I I gnaw no radishes and cabbages and pumpkins, nor feed on green leeks and parsley; for these are food for you who live in the lake." Then Puff-jaw answered him with a smile: " Stranger you boast too much of belly-matters: we too have many marvels to be seen both in the lake and on the shore. For the Son of Cronos has given us Frogs the power to lead a double life, dwelling at will in two separate elements; and so we both leap on land and plunge beneath the water. If you would learn of all these .hings, 'tis easy done: just mount upon my back and hold me tight lest you be lost, and so you shall come rejoicing to my house." So said he, and offered his back. And the Mouse mounted at once, putting his paws upon the other's sleek neck and vaulting nimbly. Now at first, while he still saw the land near by, he was pleased, and was delighted with Puff-jaw's swimming; but when dark waves began to wash over him, he wept loudly and blamed his unlucky change of mind: he tore his fur and tucked his paws in against his belly, while within him his heart quaked by reason of the strangeness: and he longed to get to land, groaning terribly through the stress of chilling fear. He put out his tail upon the water and worked it like a steering oar, and prayed to heaven that he might get to land. But when the dark waves washed over him he cried aloud and said: "Notin such wise did the bull bear on his back the beloved load, when he brought Europa across the sea to Crete, as this Frog carries me over the water to his house, raising his yellow back in the pale water." Then suddenly a wate,r-snake appeared, a horrid sight for both alike, and held his neck upright above 547 BATTLE OF FROGS AND MIC:& BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE, 84-111 the water. And when he saw it, Puff-jaw dived at once, and never thought how helpless a friend he would leave perishing; but down to the bottom of the lake he went, and escaped black death. But the Mouse, so deserted, at once fell on his back, in the . water. He wmng his paws and squeaked in agony of death: many times he sank beneath the water and many times he rose up again kicking. But he could not escape his doom, for his wet fur weighed him down heavily. Then at the last, as he was dying, he uttered these words. "Ah, Puff-jaw, you shan not go unpunished for this treachery! You threw me, a castaway, off your body as from a rock. Vile coward! On land you would not have been the better man, boxing, or wrestling, or mnning; but now you have tricked me and cast me in the water. Heaven has an avenging eye, and surely the host of Mice will punish you and not let you escape." With these words he breathed out his soul upon the water. But Lick-platter as he sat upon the soft bank saw him die and, raising a dreadful cry, ran and told the Mice. And when they heard of his fate, all the Mice were seized with fierce anger, and bade their heralds summon the people to assemble towards dawn at the house of Bread-nibbler, the father of hapless Crumb-snatcher wlw lay outstretched on the water face up, a lifeless corpse, and no longer near the bank, poor wretch, but floating in the midst of the deep. And when the Mice came in haste at dawn, Bread-nibbler stood up first, enraged at his son's death, and thus he spoke. " Friends, even if I alone had suffered great wrong from the Frogs, assuredly this is a first essay at 549 BATILE OF FROGS AND MICE, BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE ' .. 1'" " EJI,£6tvo~, ,,, ., €£I"" oe VVv €7T€. " 7Tatoa<; ".. "" _ TP€t~ o"",O'CTa. " ' , " 1 : " , Kal TOV ft.V 7TPWTOV "I€ KaT€KTaV€V ap7Ta,aO'a "0 to'TO~ "Ia",€'IJ, -.' TpW"I"''YJ~ ' ... €KTOO' " 0€V €",ovO'a. '-'" €X ' 0... a",,,,ov "..... '-." 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First the abhorred ferret seized and killed one of them, catching him outside the hole; then ruthless men dragged another to his doom when by unheard-of arts they had contrived a wooden snare, a destroyer of Mice, which they call a trap. There was a third whom I and his dear mother loved weIl, and him Puff-jaw has calTied out into the deep and drowned. Come, then, and let us arm ourselves and go out against them when we have arrayed ourselves in rich-wrought arms." With such words he persuaded them all to gird themselves. And Ares who has charge of war equipped them. First they fastened on greaves and covered their shins with green bean-pods broken into two parts which they had gnawed out, standing over them all night. Their breast plates were of skin stretched on reeds, skilfully made from a ferret they had flayed. For shields each had the centre-piece of a lamp, and their spears were long needles all of bronze, the work of Ares, and the helmets upon their temples were pea-nut shells. So the Mice armed themselves. But when the Frogs were aware of it, they rose up out of the water and coming together to one place gathered a council of grievous war. And while they were asking whence the quarrel arose, and what the cause of this anger, a herald drew near bearing a wand· in his paws, Pot-visitor the son of great-hearted Cheese-carver. He brought the grim message of war, speaking thus: " Frogs, the Mice have sent me with their threats against you, and bid you arm yourselves for war and battle; for they have seen Crumb-snatcher in the 55 I BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE, 142-'71 BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE Up,JTEpO~ (3a(nAEV~ ciAAa vu£'Yva80<;. " '(3 ' ,... O£T£VE~ EV aTpaXOtUtV aptUTr/E<; _\n ' \ a7T€'t''Y]VE' , 'rJ... "\tc0'Y0~ ' ue; Et7TWV ~" 0 p,dXEu8e, 'YE'YaaU eE. 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' 0' 8 ' "\ Z€V~ oe EOV~ "a",€CTa~ €t~ ovpavov aUT€pOeVTa, " ' 8 'vv o€tsa~ 0 'I: ' TE p,a'X-'I}Ta~, , /Cat, 7T'o"ep,OV 7Ttc'Y] /CpaT€pOV~ UEtOVTf, I " \ ' , "\ " ' \ , , 1"'1. ,~, )/ \ rk' 7T'O,ucov, /Cat p,€'YatcOTI<; 7)0 E'Y'X-€a p,a"pa 't'€pOVTac;, T K ' ' "ep'X-€Tat 7)0€ .~, o£O~ €VTaVpWv CTTpaTo~ t'YavTWV, r S5 2 ' 170 water whom your king Puff-jaw slew. Fight, then, as many of you as are warriors among the Frogs." With these words he explained the matter. So when this blameless speech carne to their ears, the proud Frogs were disturbed in their hearts and began to blame Puff-jaw. But he rose up and said: "Friends, I killed no Mouse, nor did I see one perishing. Surely he was drowned while playing by the lake and imitating the swimming of the Frogs, and now these wretches blame me who am guiltless. Corne then; let us take counsel how we may utterly destroy the wily Mice. Moreover, I will tell you what I think to be the best. Let us all gird on our armour and take our stand on the very brink of the lake, where the ground breaks down sheer: then when they come out and charge upon us, let each seize by the crest the Mouse who attacks him, and cast them with their helmets into the lake; for so we shall drown these dry-bobs 1 in the water, and merrily set up here a trophy of victory over the slaughtered Mice." By this speech he persuaded them to arm themselves They covered their shins with leaves of mallows, and had. hreastplates made of fine green beet-leaves, and cabbage-leaves, skilfully fashioned, for shields. Each one was equipped with a long, pointed rush for a spear, and smooth snail-shells to cover their heads. Then they stood in close-locked ranks upon the high bank, waving their spears, and were filled, each of them, with courage. Now Zeus called the gods to starry heaven and showed them the martial throng and the stout warriors so many and so great, all bearing long spears; for they were as the host of the Centaurs 1 lit. "those unable to swim." 553 BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE '.\ ," • l '1 0V 'YEI\.WV EpeEtllfi' f TtIIE~ Q' BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE, . , ,..,aTpaXOUTtV apw'Y0' ~ l.£Vulv lLOavamiJv; Kal • AO"lva£"Iv 7rPOU€E'7T€V' OV'YaTEP, JLvulv " pa ~o"l01uovua 7r0P€vuy; "1 "~ Ka£ 'Yap '.11 I f , • I , I", t!. \ , W 7raTEp, OVK aV 7rW7rOT E'YW JLVUt T6tpOJLEVOtUtV E'AOot'YJ V E7rapw'Y6~, E7r61 KaKa 7rOAAil lOP'Yav l , UTEJLJLaTa Q ... , ,..,l\.a7rTOVTE~ , ' " .", KatI "'VXVOV~ 6!VEK €A.a£OV, 180 mUTo Be JLOV At'YJv lBaK6 peva~, olov lpe~av. 7r€7rAOV JLOV KaT€TpW~aV, 8v E~vava KaJLOuUa , •• ' ... 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' H , 0 0 f ' , , a"" a'Y€ 7ravuwJL€u a, eot, TOVTOtUt/J ap'1'Y€tv, ' ., 0" Q h ' I : ' JL'1fvv n~ '1JL€twv TPW l/ ,..,e"e£ o .. uo€vn' ' I'Yap ' a'YXEJLaxo£, " , , H,O €£U£ Ka,\ €£'0' eo~ avnov el\. 01' 195 7raVTIi~ B' ovpav60ev T€p7rwJL€Oa Bfjptv OPWVTfi~, ..:'n~ I1p' l¢'1}' TV B' ai},.' E7r€7r6tOOVTO 060111AAoI, , ." 0' , ""'0 ' ... , ' , ~ " 7raVTe~ 0JLW~ 0 fi£U'YJ1\. ov ao",,€€~ 6£~ eva XWPOV, " Ko)VW7r6~ JL€'Ya"a~ '... '... H K a£\ TOT€ ua"7rt'Y'Ya~ €XOVTe~ o \ €ua,,7r£'Y , '... ... , , " 0 6V oe 0' 06£VOV ..I:av 7rOI\.€JLOV KTV7rOJ)" ovpavo 200 Z6V~ KpovtB'1~ {8p6vT"lue, Tepa<; 7rOA€JLOtO KaKoio. IIpwTo<; B' 'T'o/I~6a~ A€tx.~vopa o/haul 80vpl 554 172-202 and the Giants. Then he asked with a sly smile; "Who of the deathless gods will help the Frogs and who the Mice?" And he said to Athena; "My daughter, will you go aid the Mice? For they all frolic about your temple continually, delightinJ.( in the fat of sacrifice and in all kinds of food." So then said the son of Cronos. But Athena ahswered him: "I would never go to help the Mice when they are hard pressed, for they have done me much mischief, spoiling my garlands and my lamps too, to get the oil. And this thing that they have done vexes my heart exceedingly: they have eaten holes in my sacred robe, which I wove painfully spinning a fine woof on a fine warp, and made it full of holes. And now the money-lender is at me and charges me interest which is a bitter thing for immortals. For I borrowed to do my weaving, and have nothing with which to repay. Yet even so I will not help the Frogs; for they also are not considerate: once, when I was returning early from war, I was very tired, and though I wanted to sleep, they would not let me even doze a little for their outcry; and so I lay sleepless with a headache until cock-crow. No, gods, let us refrain from helping these hosts, or one of us may get wounded with a sharp spear; for they fight hand to hand, even if a god comes against them Let us rather all amuse ourselves watching the fight from heaven." . So said Athena. And the other gods agreed with her, and all went in a body to one place. Then gnats with great trumpets sounded the fell note of war, and Zeus the son of Cronos thundered from heaven, a sign of grievous battle. First Loud-croaker wounded Lickman in the belly, 555 BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE, '1" ,I 1 " , .. €(J"TaUT SIJ 7rpofLaxot~ KaT .. ryaUT€pa S~ fLsuolJ 7J7rap' '00>' , , .,.' .'" 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". t:: "'\ ' t-' rl ,., €K ptvwv SUTaS€' 71'a",aUUSTO 0 at/1-an ryaLa. ° I Omitted by Baumeister and by many MSS. 203-229 right through the midriff. Down fell he on his face and soiled his soft fur in the dust: he fell with a thud and his armour clashed about him. Next Troglodyte shot at the son of Mudman, and drove the strong spear deep into his breast; so he fell, and black death seized him and his spirit flitted forth from his mouth. Then Beety struck Pot-visitor to the heart and killed him, and Bread-nibbler hit Loud-crier in the belly, so that he fell on his face and his spirit flitted forth from his limbs. Now when Pond-larker saw Loud-crier perishing, he struck in quickly and wounded Troglodyte in his soft neck with a rock like a mill-stone, so that darkness veiled his eyes. Thereat Ocimides was seized with grief, and struck out with his sharp reed and did not draw his spear back to him again, but felled his enemy there and then. And Lickman shot at him with a bright spear and hit him unerringly in the midriff. And as he marked Cabbage-eater running away, he fell on the steep bank, yet even so did not cease fighting but smote that other so that he fell and did not rise again: and the lake was dyed with red blood as he lay outstretched along the shore, pierced through the guts and shining flanks. Also he slew Cheese-eater on the very .brink • • . . . But Reedy took to flight when he saw Ham-nibbler, and fled, plunging into the lake and throwing away his shield. Then blameless Pot-visitor killed Brewer and Water·larker killed the lord Ham-nibbler, striking him OIl the head with a pebble, so that his brains flowed out at his nostrils and the earth was bespattered 557 BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE A. " Br:J ' ' A EtX07rWa"a °0'"€7r€,/,VEV ap.up.wv op,..,0po"OtT7]e;, 230 " , tf! 'too' , " ,"' \ . ,,'1' €'YXEt €7ra.!;ac;' TOV O€ U"OToe; OUU€ "a",u'l' €V, ~ IIpauuatoe; ° 0' .' 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But Crumbsnatcher was fighting to avenge his dead comrades, and hit Leeky before he reached the land; and he fell forward at the blow and his soul went down to Hades. And seeing this, Cabbage-climber took a clod of mud and hurled it at the Mouse, plastering all his forehead and nearly blinding him. Thereat Crumb-snatcher was enraged and caught up in his strong hand a huge stone that lay upon the ground, a heavy burden for the soil: with that he hit Cabbage-climber below the knee and splintered his whole right shin, hurling him on his back in the dust. But Croakerson kept him off, and rushing at the Mouse in turn, hit him in the middle of the belly and drove the whole reed-spear into him, and as he drew the spear back to him with his strong hand, all his foe's bowels gushed out upon the ground. And when Troglodyte saw the deed, as he was limping away from the fight on the river bank, he shrank back sorely moved, and leaped into a trench to escape sheer death. Then Bread-nibbler hit Puff-jaw on the toes-he came up at the last from the lake and was greatly distressed . ,; And when Leeky saw him fallen forward, but still half alive, he pressed through those who fought in front and hurled a sharp reed at him; but the. point of the spear was stayed and did not break his shield. Then noble Rueful, like Ares himself, struck his flawless head-piece made of four pots-he only among the SS9 BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE 1 Kpe[wvos, Baumeister. • This may be a parody of Orion's threat in lIeBiod, Astronomy, fr&". 4.. 568 BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE, 258-284 Frogs showed prowess in the throng. But when he saw the other rush at him, he did not stay to meet the stout-hearted hero but dived down to the depths of the lake. Now there was one among the Mice, Slicesnatcher, who excelled the rest, dear son of Gnawer the son of blameless Bread-stealer. He went to his house and bade his son take part in the war; but he himself stood exulting by the lake. This warrior threatened to destroy the race of Frogs utterly, and splitting a chestnut-husk into two parts along the joint, put the two hollow pieces as armour on his paws: then straightway the Frogs were dismayed and all rushed down to the lake, and he would have made good his boast-for he had great strength-had not the Son of Cronos, the Father of men and gods, been quick to mark the thing and pitied the Frogs as He shook his head, and they were perishing. uttered this word: " Dear, dear, how fearful a deed do my eyes behold! Slice-snatcher makes no small panic rushing to and fro among the Frogs by the lake. Let us then make all haste and send warlike Pallas or even Ares, for they will stop his fighting, strong though he is." So said the Son of Cronos; but Hera answered him: "Son of Cronos, neither the might of Athena nor of Ares can avail to deliver the Frogs from utter destruction. Rather, come and let us all go to help them, or else let loose your weapon, the great and formidable Titan-killer with which you killed Capaneus, that doughty man, and great Enceladus and the wild tribes of Giants; ay, let it loose, for so the most valiant will be slain." BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE BATTLE OF FROGS AND MICE, 285-303 So said H(,Ta: and the Son of Cronos cast a lurid thunderbolt: first he thundered and made great Olympus shake, and then cast the thunderbolt, the awful weapon of Zeus, tossing it lighiJy forth. Thus he frightened them all, Frogs and Mice alike, hurling his bolt upon them. Yet even so the army of the Mice did not relax, but hoped still more to destroy the brood of warrior Frogs. Only, the Son of Cronos, on Olympus, pitied the Frogs and then straightway sent them helpers. So there came suddenly warriors with mailed backs and curving claws, crooked beasts that walked sideways, nut-cracker-jawed, shell-hided: bony they were, flat-backed, with glistening shoulders and bandy legs and stretching arms and eyes that looked behind them. They had also eight legs and two feelers-persistent creatures who are called crabs. These nipped off the tails and paws and feet of the Mice with their jaws, while spears only beat on them. Of these the Mice were all afraid and no longer stood up to them, but turned and fled. Already the sun was set, and so came the end of the one-day war. OF THE ORIGIN OF HOMER AND HESIOD, AND THEIR CONTEST H};IO~OY' fiEPI OMHPOY KAI I'ENOT~ KAI TOT 313 1 AI'llNO~ KAI "Op.'Y}pov /Cat 'HO"looov ATTllN TOV~ 8eLO'T , • 8 "\. ' 't" 7raVTE~ av PW7rOL 7rO"'tTa~ totou~ EuxovTaL 'YeVE" 'H O"tOOO~ ' • P.EV , T'Y}V , IOlav '.' , , 0" 8at. a)..).. ovop.aO"a~ I JI It" .....,.", "'\ t: ,\ a7r'Y}",,,,a.ev Et7rWV " , " ' \ "\. 7raVTa~ T'Y}~ 't'L"'OVEt/cla~ 7raTptoa \ , ... 2 0 7raT'Y}p aUTOV ,~ W~ EZO"aTO 0' "A O"/Cpy, 11'Yx' " xEtp.a 'E)..t/Cwvo~ iJttupv lvt /Cwp.y "8"Epet ap'Ya"'EY, ~, '.' 7rOT, /Ca/C'!;, Ouoe l0"8)..ii· • "0 p.'Y}POV . " ,, " OE '7raO"at w~ EI7rEIV " , ... oX7rOL/CQt aUTCoJV 7rap /Cat 7rpwTOl aVTO£~ Jf,.. faVTOI~ 7romp.ou /Cal , ¢alT£ 7rpOTEpOV /Cat" 01 at"~ 7rO",eL~ "'8~' 'YE'YEV'Y}O" at ",E'YOUO"tV. "Ie ~p.upvaZoL M~)..'Y}TO~ 8VTa TOU 7rap' Kp'Y}8'Y}£oo~ vup.¢'Y}~ M"'\ E"',)O"L'YEV,), /CE/C)..i}0"8al ,~ I Uo"TEpOV P.EVTO£ TV- cp)..w8evTa "Op.'Y}pov p.eTovop.a0"8ijvat Ota Trw 7rap' , ... aUTOI~ . x ,tot ,,'" E7rt TWV '8 I TOtOUTWV ~",,\ ' 'Y} 7rpOO"'Y}'Y0ptav. ' O"UV') rI.. TE/CP.'Y}PtJ, 't'EpOUo"LV toLOV etvat ,,~.,. I OE 7ra",W , "\ , , 'J<-. 8 ' '" 7rO)..tT'Y}V "'€'Y0VTE~ /Cat 7reptO"'P~Eo" at Ttva~ E/c TOU , 'YEVOV~ ,,. aUTOU 7rap , t'\ , t ,., aUTOt~ '0 "\ I , KO)..0cpwIJtO£ OE /Cat T07rOV OEL/cVVOUO"LV, €V " I ~t" , p.')pLoa~ /Ca",ou/-<€VOU~. to \' Ir;:. aUTOV 'YpafLp.aTa owaO"/cOVTa .... T')~ ... 'P ,.", 't'aO"LV , 7rOt1]o"EW~ ga0"8a£ /Cal 7rotijO"a£ 7rPWTOV TDV Map'YlT'Y}v. }f ap- " 'Y0V€WV , '"'~ ~ ~, ota· , OE' TWV aUTOU 7ralctv 7r0",,,,,) II Ept' . , 7rapa' " " EO"TLV. 'E"",,,,avt/Co<; ' " 'Yap cpwvta 7raO"tv /-<EV I 566 Goettliull'. pag;.ng. I OF THE ORIGIN OF HOMER AND HESTOD, AND OF THEIR CONTEST Works and Days, 639 f. EVERYONE boasts that the most divine of poets, Homer and H esiod, are said to be his particular countrymen. Hesiod, indeed, has put a name to his native place and so prevented any rivalry, for he said that his father "settled near Helicon in a wretched hamlet, Ascra, which is miserable in winter sultry in summer, and good at no season." But, as for Homer, you might almost say that every city with its inhabitants claims him as her son. Foremost are the men of Smyrna who say that he was the Son of Meles, the river of their town, by a nymph Cretheis, and that he was at first called Melesigenes. He was named Homer later, when he became blind, this being their usual epithet for such people. The Chians, on the other hand, bring forward evidence to show that he was their countrymen, saying that there actually remain some of his descendants among them who are called Homeridae. The Colophonians even show the place where they deClare that he began to compose when a schoolmaster, and say that his first work was the lJilargites. As to his parents also, there is on all hands great disagreement. Hellanicus and Gleanthes say his CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESWP 314 Kal KA.dvO'IJ~ Malova A.€'Y0va-w, EU'Yalwv oE Me- A.'lJTa, KaA.A.u,A.'1~ oE Mvaaa'Yopav, A'TI!.£OICptTO~ oE T pOI~~VW~ Aa'lftOva 1!,..7rOPOV, i!VWt OE ®aftvpav,l 0' M" " Ha-l, Of, 0' " O€ €V€ftaxov t€P0'YpaftftaT€a, At'YV7TnOt 0 ' " 0 OVa-a-€W~' ' "V€ ," ' 01., T 'lJA.€ftaXOV TOV . ft'IJT€pa 01 ft€V M'1nv,Oi OE Kp'IJO'IJloa, oi OE ®€ftla-T'lJV, oi OE 0'" ~"IO aIC'lJa-taV ' , ' i f,*,OWtICWV , , ' w, €VWt O€ nva, V7TO E V'YV'IJ a7T€ft7TOA.'lJ0€£a-av, oi OE KaA.A.t07T'lJV Thv Mova-av, 'TWE~ OE IIOA.v!C&a-T'lJV Thv N€a-TOpO~. 'EICaA.€£TO OE M€A.'IJ~, W~ De nvls cpaat, MEA.'IJ, '0'" "A"'"'T'IJ~. ovoftaa' 0' a-t'Y€V'IJ~, W~ o€ €VWt, 'lJvat OE , , ,l.. I flO , aVTOV 'f'aa-t TW€~ ft'IJpOV ola TO TOV 7TaT€pa d ~ " KV7TptWV ' II'epa-a,>, aVTOV oft'IJPOV 00 'lJvat V7TO f ~\ t' \ , I ,." ' 01 o€ ota T'lJV 7T7Jp(j)rTW TWV OftftaTWV' 7rapa\'Yap TO£~ AloA.EVrTW O{)TW~ oi 7r'IJpot ICaA.OVVTat. i57T€P ~\" O€ aIC'lJlCoaft€V E7T1 TOV €toTaTOV aVTOICpaTOpo~ 'A optavov ~ 0Hp'IJft€VOV ' , "0 " 0ft'IJ' V7rO T'IJ~ II v e' ta~ 7T€pt 'e'lJrToft€ ' a. TOV0'Yap ' fJaat"'€W~ (.)"', TTV 0 ' pO v, €IC 01J.€VOV, , -k'(.) ~"!:' 7T0'0 EV "0 ft'IJPO~ ICat" nvo~, a7r€'f'OtfJarTE 01 €c;;aft€, t;:' \ , TpOV TOvvE TOV TP07TOV' o eo ~,\, , eo 0 '\,. ° ' ° 1 Rmch: 'l',.,.6pa.v, Flach. 568 , , CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD father was Maeon, but Eugaeon says Meles ; Callicles is for Mnesagoras, Democritus of Troezen for Daemon, a merchant-trader, Some, again, say he was the son of Thamyras, but the Egyptians say of Menemachus, a priest-scribe, and there are even those who father him on Telemachus, the son of Odysseus, As for his mother, she is variously called Metis, CretheYs, Themista, and Eugnetho. Others say she was an Ithacan woman sold as a slave by the Phoenicians; others, Calliope the Muse; others again Polycasta, the daughter of Nestor. Homer himself was called Meles or, according to different accounts, Melesigenes or Altes. Some authorities say he was called Homer, because his father was given as a hostage to the Persians by the men of Cyprus; others, because of his blindness; for amongst the Aeolians the blind are so called. We will set down, however, what we have heard to have been said by the Pythia concerning Homer in the time of the most sacred Emperor Hadrian. When the monarch inquired from what city Homer came, and whose son he was, the priestess delivered a response in hexameters after this fashion: "Do you ask me of the obscure race and country of the heavenly siren? Ithaca is his country, Telemachus his father, and Epicasta, Nestor's daughter, the mother that bare him, a man by far the wisest This we must most implicitly of mortal kind." believe, the inquirer and the answerer being who they are-especially since the poet has so greatly glorified his grandfather in his works. CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD v €U'TW "I'" o~ V'YJUO~ , I" }-,,'YJ'TpO~ 7Ta'Tp~~, 'YJ U€ e' aVOV'Ta t"'t ' ,\' V€WV I ,~ " ..J.. I~ t o€s€'Tat· a)"",a 7TatoWV awt"{}-"a 't'u",asat. , , 'e' \ , ~" atCOuUaVTa 7T€p~~UTau at }-"€V 'T'YJV €~~ 'TOV o€ If,CPt'~V, ~" 'TOV DE 7Ta'TpO~ ... '(3 ota'Tp~ €W ~ " ~, DE , ",", 7TEp. 'T'YJV €tC€~ xwpav. r' aVTOV XPOVOV aVVtC'TWp , A}-"1noa}-taV'To~, (3au~),,€w~ I " I J'I OV , tCaTa ',J, €7T~'Ta't'toV TOU" , Ev(3o[a~, ,,~ €7Tt- " 'TEXWV 7TaVTa~ TOU~ €7TtU'YJ}-"OU<; avopa~ ou }-"OVOlJ , I " ,,1 \ "" ' \ , , ,.. wwn tCa~ Ta~e~, a",Xa tCa~ u0't'~a €7T~ 'TOV a"{wva P r ,I ~ j\;,., ... I{ '''' }-"€"{aXa~'i Owp€a~'i 'Tt}-"WV UUV€tCa",EU€V. tCa~ OUTO£ ovv etC TlJX'YJ'i, OJ, cpaut, uu}-"(3ax6v'T€'i a)"X,J)"o£" 1 Goettling's supplement . • Nietzsche: 4. 'A.AlB, T~' Bo,wT(as. MSS. 570 Now some say that he was earlier than Hesiod, others that he was younger and akin to him. They give his descent thus: Apollo and lEthusa, daughter of Poseidon, had a son Linus, to whom was born Pierus; From Pierus and the nymph Methone spran! Oeager; and from o eager and Calliope Orpheus; from Orpheus, Dres ; and from him, Eucles. The descent is continued through Iadmonides, Philoterpes, Euphemus, Epiphrades and Melanopus who had sons Dius and Apelles. Dius by Pycimede, the daughter of Apollo had two sons Hesiod and Perses; while Apelles begot Maeon who was the father of Homer by a daughter of the River Meles. According to one account they flourished at the same time and even had a contest of skill at Chalcis in Euboea. For, they say, after Homer had composed the Margites, he went about from city to city as a minstrel, and coming to Delphi, inquired who he was and of what country? The Pythia answered: "The Isle of los is your mother's country and it shall receive you dead; but beware of the riddle of the young children." 1 Hearing this, it is said, he hesitated to go to los, and remained in the region where he was. Now about the same time Ganyctor was celebrating the funeral rites of his father Amphidamas, king of Euboea, and invited to the gathering not only all those who were famous for bodily strength and fleetness of foot, but also those who excelled in wit, promising them great rewards. And so, as the story goes, the two went to Chalcis and met by 1 ••• the riddle of the 6sher-boys which comes "t the end of thi. work. 571 CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD ~AeOV El~ T~V XaA/Cloa. S~ a'Ywvo~ l1AAOt T€ TOU TtVE, TWV €7rUT'I)f-twv XaA/CtSlwv €/CatJltovTO /CptTal , " 0 /Cat f-tET aUTWV T7]/C{J'TO" II aVEw7]~, '0 , ,'" , . aOErc",o, WVTOU ~ 0 , TETE",EU- af-t o~ TWV 7rOt1JTWV 8auf-tarJ'Tw, , I , ,... '" ., a'YwVtrTaf-tEvwv vt/C7]rTat ",arTt TOV (H rTtooOV TOV , TpO,~ I 'e"'" o 7rOV TOUTOV' 7rPOErc OVTa 'Yap Et~ TO f-tErTOV 7rVV' 0 ' ~, tJ aVErT at TaU ' 0 f-t'7POU /Ca EV E/CarTTOV, TOV OE e e'·" , "'0 f-t7]pOV a7ro/CpwarT ' , eat. ",1JrTtV '" ' OUV• 'H ' ~ "0 f-t7]pe, eo' , EWW" T " M" EWV a7rO f-t7]OEa A..' " rTWOO~' tE 0 E"'7]TO" ", )f a'YE lit7r I , f-tDt 7ruf-t7rpWTa, '. ' ",EpTaTOV Tt ErT'Tt (3POTO'irTW; "" 'ruvTa e' • , f-t7]',.I.." , f-t£V ",uvat €7rtX OVLOLrTW apLrTTOV, .' 07rW, " ' ' W/CLrTTa ' 0 " ' A 'waD . 7rEp'JrTat. 0 7ru",a, 316 'IJ rTlooo, T~ OetJTEPOV' " , a'YE f-tOL /CaL TOUTO, E L7r )f ,... e"" , ",\' "0 EDt<; E7rt€L/cE"'. f-t7]PE, , eV7]TOL,. . /Ca",,,LrTTOV '. . "\ "-'.+ . ' ' 'ELvaL; ' OLEat ",PErTLV Tt EV 6 Sl· '0 7r7rOT "*' 'A.. 1;'''' av €V",POrTUV7] f-tEV EXV /CaTa 07]f-tOV a7TaVTa, '" oatTuf-t6vE, 0' avd, OWf-taT' a/CouatwvTat amoou I -I/f-tEVOt €~El7]" 7rapd, , - )/ S~ 7rA.~eWrTt 0' rTiTOU /Cal /cpElwv, f-tltJu I Tpa7rEsat €/C /CP1JTYJPO, a olvoX60, <poplllrTt /Cai €'YXEili OE7TaErTrTtv. ... " ' .... "\. ' \ ,.,.. \ ,,~ l) Tf1UTO Tt f-tOL /Ca"",trTTOV £Vt 'rPErTLV EtOETat ELvat, '" 'p7] e'EVTWV 'rarTt 0" TOUTWV TWV 0 ' 0 " '" ~ 0 DE E7rWV, OUTW rT",OOPW, eaUf-tarT eo" 7]vat 0 TWV d , U7rO ..., 'E'"" ''''7]VWV , rT'Tt-, TOU, e o, XOU, WrTTE xpUrTOU, aUTOU, 7rpoo-a'Y0pev 1Jvat, /Ca! )/ \,..,... ,. e' \ .. VrTtat, 7rpO TWV 'e lT7rOVOWV 7rPOICUT€VXElT at " 7raVTa". 0 ETt /CaL VUV EV TaL, 7rVWV /Cat, 572 0 0 "Homer, son of Meles, inspired with wisdom from heaven, come, tell me first what is best for mortal man? " HOMER OMHPO:.li 'A PX1JV ' chance. The leading Chalcidians were judges together wiLh Paneides, the brother of the dead king; and it is said that after a wonderful contest between the two poets, Hesiod won in the following manner: he came forward into the midst and put Homer one question after another, which Homer answered. Hesiod, then, began: /cOLVat, ('Ir OE~- 0' De " For men on earth 'tis best never to be born at all; or being born, to pass through the gates of Hades with all speed." Hesiod then asked again: "Come, tell me now this also, godlike Homer: what think you in your heart is most delightsome to men?" Homer answered: "When mirth reigns throughout the town, and feasters about the house, sitting in order, listen to a minstrel; when the tables beside them are laden with bread and meat, and a wine-bearer draws sweet drink from the mixing-bowl and fills the cups: this I think in my heart to be most delightsome." It is said that when Homer had recited these verses, they were so admired by the Greeks as to be called golden by them, and that even now at public sacrifices all the guests solemnly recite them before feasts and libations. Hesiod, however, was annoyed 573 CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD 'HO"l080~ ax8€0"8d~ bTL \ T'!V ... TWV , ,~ (OVO"O€ , lhrt '...I.. ICa~ ,!,1]0"£ TOV~ o"TLXOV~' ni MovO"' /J,'Y€ 1 f£Ot , '" T €OVTa, ~ TV 'Of£1]pDV €V1]f£€Pi'f " " " a7rDpWV WPf£1]O"€V €7T€PWT1]O"tV , T' eOVTa TtL T' EO"O"of£€Va 7TPO '.' ~,_. _,.,. " , 0 ~ a"''''1]~ f£v'!O"at at)L01]~. TWV f£€V f£1]O€V a€to€, O"V 0 .' "0 f£1]PO~, {3'" , '.,. '8 W~ o, O€ OV"Of£€VO~ aICo",ov ,. TO a7TOpOV ~ r/..' IWO"aL, '1'1]0" W' '·' 7TOT"r/..' A' '{3 rp ICaVaX,!7TOO€~ ' . "£7r7TOL a/-''rt L.>W~ TV/-, 0 VO€ rf . ' " , I , . ' ',... , , ap/-,aTa O"VVTpt'f OVO"W €PL~OVT€~ 7r€PL VLIC1]~. " "\....~, o€ K a",w, , r/.. {3" af£'rL O"'OV~ ICat €V I , , TOVTOL~ a7TaVT,!O"aVTO~ '" €7rL " ' • WPf£1]O"€V 0, 'H o"LOOO~, ' 'Yvwf£a~ Ta~ /CaL, "\" , ""'€'YWV 1]r;;tOV '1::' ' ' ' ·€/Cao"TOV 7r",€LOVa~ O"TLXOV, ICa8eva rf.. I o"Vf£'rWVW~ .' f \ , , 8 at TOV '''0 f£1]POV. a7rOICpLvaO" ... o /-,€V 7TPWTO~ tH'~ \.,.' ~ ~\ 't:'" O"LOOOV, 0 De Er;;1]~ , '" • • €O"TW ovv (0' , , f£1]POV, €VLOT€ , o€ /Ca£ oLa OVO O"TLXWV T1]V €7T€PWT1]O"W 7TOLOVJ.L€VOV TOV "'H O"LOOOV' '. ~€Z7rVOV H%IOAO% g7r€t8' et't..OVTO {3owv ICp~a, /Cavx~va~ "t7r7rWV OMHPO% "E /C",vov ' '.' "7rO"'€f£QLO ,, £OpwovTa~, €7rEL , 8 ICOP€O" 1]V. H%IOAO% 317 Kal CPpv'Y€~' • aptO"Tot ot 7raVTWV avllpwv E7rt v1]vO"£v OMHPO% 'A vopaO"L . ' ,"'1]tO"T1]PO"tV ~ , ••aICT1]~ ~ OOp7rOV •, '''' , 8at, E7r €",EO" XEpO"l ,{3at..~wv H%IOAO% lov, 2 oiit..wv 8 ICaTa, cpv)..a 'YL'YaVTWV I S74 MSS. : 4 l' P.Ol. Flach. • Nietzsche: I....... MS. • Rzach: &,\,\ .... MS. by Homer's felicity and hurried on to pose him with hard questions. He therefore began with the foilowing lines: "Come, Muse; sing not to me of things that are, or that shall be, or that were of old; but think of another song." Then Homer, wishing to escape from the impasse by an apt answer, replied : "Never shall horses with clattering hoofs break chariots, striving for victory about the tomb of Zeus." Here again Homer had fairly met Hesiod, and so the latter turned to sentences of doubtful meaning 1 : he recited many lines and required Homer to complete the sense of each appropriately. The first of'the following verses is Hesiod's and the next Homer's: but sometimes Hesiod puts his question in two lines. HESIOD "Then they dined on the flesh of oxen and their horses' necks-" HOlliER "They unyoked dripping with sweat, when they had had enough of war." HESioD " And the Phrygians, who of all men are handiest · " .. t Sh IpSHOlliER "To filch their dinner from pirates on the beach." HESIOD " To shoot forth arrows against the tribes of cursed giants with his hands-" 1 The verBes of Hesiod are called doubtful in meaning because they are, if taken ..lone, either incomplete or ablurd. 575 CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD OMHPO:% HOMER 'H patc"'€7J~ '\., a7T€",UcTEV ".... " WfLWV " ' ,'T0s ' t:a. a7T tcafL7ru",a • '" OU'TO~ aV7Jp H:%IO "Heracles unslung his curved bow from his shoulders." OMHPO:% "This man is the son of a brave father al'd a weakling-" ,"\ Il'o~ EO'n , avIl' po~ 'T ,. arya (J" ou Ka.\. ava",tct M7JTpO~, €7Te~ 7TOXEfLO~ xaAe7T6~ 7racTT/O't ryuvatgiv. ' J lO'Ot ' AU'Tap rye H:%IO \' , OMHPO:% Ilta H:%IO OMHPO:% "\"\ , Ka'T€7TE'f'vev 'ri. ' " apryupeoto , (3" K a",,,,.o"TW a7r toto. HlIO , fLEV Ilawuv'TO "Il 7Tav7JfLEpOt, ou '€V • €XOV'TI'~ orlCo(Jev' aXXa 7TapEixev avag avllpwv 'AryafLsfLvwv. H:%IO AE'i7rVOV llet7rv~O'av'Te~ €V~ O'7rolllj> ai(JaAoeO'O'T/ ,"\"\ , , " \I'o.EUKa'A' (J" O'U",MiryOV oO''TEa I.J.to~ Ka'Ta'Te V7JW TO~ OMHPO:% IIatll6~ {J7TEP(JUfLoU kap7r7Jllovo~ avn(Jeoto. H:%IO 'H /.Let~ "Il" ~ • afL 7JfL€VOt au'TW~ ,.. fll' ',./..'" " l(}jNfiV Etc V7JWV ov afL'f' WfLotO'w EXOV'Te~ , Ludwioh: .,.,.' lp, MS. • "'&"'" Flach. JI , 7r€Il'tov """ ""-tfLOEV'TtoV ° HOMER "When they begot you by the aid of golden Aphrodite." HESIOD "But when she had been made subject in love, .\rtemis, who delights in arrows-" HOMER OMHPO:% 318 HESIOD "But for you, your father and lady mother lay in love-" XpUO'E7JV 'Acppolli'T7J V, , \ IlfL7J'(J 7J ryafLfP , v AP'TfifLt~ .oXEatpa " ' , €7Tet A U'Tap ~f"\ H~ 0," HOMER " Mother; for war is too stern for any woman," 7ra'T7JP EfLtry7J Kat 7ro'Tvta fL7J'T7JP 'J.J;JfLa 'TO rye 2 O'7TfiipaV'TE HESIOD "Slew Callisto with a shot of her silver bow." HESIOD " So they feasted all day long, taking nothing-" HOMER "From their own houses; for Agamemnon, king of men, supplied them," HESIOD "When they had feasted, they gathered among the glowing ashes the bones of the dead Zeus- " HOMER "Born Sarpedon, that bold and godlike man." HESIOD " Now we have lingered thus about the plain of Simols, forth from the ships let us go our way, upon our shoulders-" 577 CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD OMHPOl <J?afTryava "ru7T~EV'Ta Kat alryav€a~ OOAtxaVAous-. ft HlIO ," Then the young heroes with their hands from the OMHPOl " ",,\ " 'TE a7TEtpUfTaV ruKua",ov vauv HOMER HESIOD l:':e-A-" .AfTP.Evot EfTfTUP.EVru~ ' I HlIO ... '''' EUryov, E7rEt ' \ A U'Tap , A" t'1}'T'1}V \ E7rEt Gladly and swiftly hauled out their fleet ship," ft Then they came to Colchis and king JEiites-" HESIOD HOMER HlIO I Kat " EK7rWV •• owp.a OMHPOl TO£fTtV 0' 'A'TPEtO'1}~ P-EryaA' eiJXE'TO 7TafTtJOA€fT(Jat 2 OMHPOl t'/'" \,1. f J/ "~ EV 7rOV'Trt', Kat 'f'ruv'1}fTa~ E7rO~ '1}uoa' M 7]OE7TO'T HlIO "They were minded to traverse on well-built ships," HEBIOD "The Son of Atreus prayed greatly for them that they all might perish-" HOHEK ~, UP.EruV 7Ta'Tptoa ' . ryatav " Tt~ OMHPOl ',," aU'TI~ a7T'T}p.OVE~ , 1 ".'" a",,,, OtKaO tKotfT (J E. ' II7]p.av (J €t~, \ 7TaV'Ta , • \ 'TOU"'0 p.'7POU 1 IIpo~ oe I, .I. \ "R 1 • 7TaMV 'f''1fTLV 0 fTtooO~' HESIOD "Now when they had poured libations and deeply drunk, the surging sea-" HOMER HlIO OtKaoe VOfT'T'1}fTEH! 'f't"''T}V ". 1 .I.'" They avoid"d; for they knew he was inhospitable and lawless." ft "",, " , 'e7Tt \ V'Y/WV. " eUfTfTE",p.ruv IIOV'T07r0petv'1}p.e",,,,ov ,,"' 1 Ka",w~ a7raV'T'1fTav'TO~ I Flach follows Nietzsche in transposing this and the following verse and in reading r..olo· r~.p'T •. • Goottling'. arr&ngement: Flach BBsigns the three fol· lowing verses al80 to Heliod. 57 8 ft I (JaAafTfT'T}~ 319 HOMER Q '" 1 fJafTt"''1}a OMHPOl , , , to' '(J' rytryVrufTKOV aVEfTTtOV '1}o a ep.tfT'TOv. Having our hilted swords and long-helved spears." At no time in the, sea: and he opened his mouth and said:" ft HEBIOD Eat, my guests, and drink, and may no one of you return home to his dear country-" ft HOMER " Distressed; but may you all reach home again unscathed." When Homer had met him fairly on every point H esiod said : 17' CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD "Only tell me this thing that I ask: How many Achaeans went to Ilium with the sons of Atreus?" Homer answered in a mathematical problem, thlls: I , IT fVT1)ICOVT " " I , to' I!' , 1)rrav 7TUPOr: errxapat, ev De eICarrTll 7TevT1IICOVT 0 fICOt, 7TEpt De ICpea 7TeVT1)ICoVTa' ' .De ' TPt'T)ICO , , 'fJ" , •\ , , .' eUptrrlCeTal ., , " 0, 0 a7TlrrTov' ' " oe TOUTO 7T"1) , ,. ,... "ryap ' TWV 'fJ ' ' , 0 e",trrlCOl rywoVTat I errxapwv ourrwv 7TeVT1)ICOVTa, 7TEVTaKDrrtot ICaL xtA.ufoe<: ICpewv o~ OeICaovo Iwpuioe<: •••• , .' TOU"'0" " K aTa' 7TaVTa 01) fL1)poU U7TepTepOUVTO, A.O OVWV " 0• 'H rr£Ooo, '.. " 'f' apXETa,t 7Tal\.tV· fJ', 320 " M"e"1)TO<: "0 fL1)P," et7TEp T tE " ' rrE TtfLwrrt M" oUCTat, , "I\.oryo<:, U'I'trrTOtO '.1.' A , " 0 uryaTpe,>, ' W<: UW'> fLErya",Qto ,'I! ' , 'I' .'0V'T)TOtrrt " ",E.OV fLETPOV EvapfL0.,wv, °" Tt 01) "" • 0 trrTOV' 7TO0 " ICal\.I\.trrTov T€ ICal, EX ew' " ryap alCourrat. ci U q,'T)rrt' 'II ' .. elCryovE • , CTWO, A , " " , ' utOU, EICOVTa I'e TaUTa ICe"EUet<: I rJ.. ' I €t7TEtV' aUTap Eryw fLa",a TOt 7TpO'f'pWV aryopeurrw. f" \ ... , 0"'" , ., ICa",,,trrTOV fLev TWV a'Ya wv frrTat fLeTpOV EtVat , ' { . . ...~, ..." 0 " 1 aUTOV eaUTf!" TWV DE ICaICwv lrrTOV a7TavTrov. ,.... ""',\ a""o ., OE 7Tav, ° Tt "" ,. )/ , H" IT W<: "d av aptCTT , ex "0 " 'f'tl\.OV A.', E(J"T£V, ' , EproT " U'l' UfL'l' J. This is found to be an incredible number; for as there were fifty hearths, the number of spits is two thousand five hundred; and of carcasses, one hundred and twenty thousand . . . Homer, then, having the advantage on every point, Hesiod was jealous and began again: "Homer, son of Meles, if indeed the Muses, daughters of great Zeus the most high, honour you as it is said, tell me a standard that is both best and worst for mortal-men; for I long to know it." Homer replied: "Hesiod, son of Dius, I am WIlling to tell you what you command, and very readily will I answer you. For each man to be a standard to himself is most excellent for the good, but for the bad it is the worst of all things. And now ask me whatever else your heart desires." HlIO~Ol OlICO'iVTO 7TOA.Et<: ICaL ev ~Oe(J"t "ffOtOt't j I Flach, following NietZilche, marJro " l ..cuna ..fter this line. S80 "There were fifty hearths, and at each hearth were fifty spits, and on each spit were fifty carcases, and there were thrice three hundred Achaeans to each joint." HESIOD " How would men best dwell in cities, and with wh!\t observances? I' CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD OMHPOl ~, " , .'TClJV . atuxpoov , ""0 '... E t" p''1 KlipoatVEtV a7rO E €",Ot€V, • ~" 0 \ " .,~, '0' " O£ 0 a'Ya Ot 'Ttp,rpVTO. otK'1 0 aotKotUtV E71"€£"I. 0at " E VXEfl HllO.o.Ol ~'O" De EotUt Tt" 71"al1TClJV HESIOD .," EUTtV ap,EtVov; OMHPOl 1 • "., , • , • " E vvovv E vat EaVTrp aft xpovov E~ TOV a71"aVTa. 'EV HllO.o.Ol '...' " :",aXtUTrp aptUTOV Iit71"EtV; ~, ~ H eXlit~ 0" A.. ' 'Tt 'f'veTat OMHPOl 'n~ p,'€v lp,fi 'Yvwp,,[), ¢plve~ luOA.al uwp,autv avlipwv. 'H B'€ BtKatOUVV'1 Te HESIOD "Can you tell me in briefest space what is best of all ? " HOMER "Of what effect are righteousness and courage?" OMHPOl HOMER "To advance the common good by plivate pains." HllO.o.Ol uo¢t"l<; B'€ Tt" T€Kp,ap " ' av 0PCIJ7rOtU, ' e7r 7recjHIIC6v; " , ap, "To read aright the present, and to march with the occasion." ,"/::,. XpEO<; astov EUTW; " In what kind of matter is it right to trust in men?" .. Ta 71"apOVT op0'" 00<;, ICatprp I \ " , t>' 0 ~71"euOat. HllO.o.Ol ~, DE f3POTOt<; " 71"Otov " HESIOD " 'Vhat is the mark of wisdom among men? " HOMER OMHPOl r t'YVCIJUICEtV " II tUTlivUat HOMER "That he may be always at peace with himself continually." HESIOD Ka~ avBpet"l BVvaTat 'Tt; Kowa~ oo¢eA.la~ l/ltot~ p,6XOotut 71"opttew. 321 " What is the best thing of all for a man to ask of the gods in prayer? " "A sound mind in a manly body, as I believe." HllO.o.Ol Tij~ HOMER " By scorning to get unclean gain and if the good were honoured, but justice fell upon the unjust." HESIOD HOMER OMHPOl , \ KtvoVVO<; ,~ • \ 0 " • O •,~ aVTO<; E71". 7rpax Etu£V e71""ITat. 'H~' o ,~ " evoatp,Ovt"l HllO.o.Ol Tt 7rOT" ' ... " av 0PCIJ71"OtUt KaM;tTatl OMHPOl AV71""I0eVT' E').C£XtuTa Oave'iv ~uOevTa Tli 71"A.e'iuTa. 582 " Where danger itself follows the action close." HESIOD " What do men mean by happiness? " HOMER "Death after a life of least pain and greatest pleasure." CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD 'p1]8'€VTWV o€ . 'lCat " TOVTWV, o£"p,ev "E'"'A1]V€~ 7TaVTI;~ ' TOV "Op,1]POV €ICEAWOV UT€cpavovv, «> D~ f3au£A€V~ '. €lCe/\,euu€v ", " ' lCa",,,,tuTOV " , , TWV " II aV€tot]~ €lCaUTOV TO €/C ,~, " '€£7T€tV. " £o£wv 7TOt1]p,aTWV (H U£OoO~ t' f ""A. ... ouv €'t'rJ 7TpW- TO~· IIA1]taSwv ' ATAa'Y€VEWV €7TtT€AAOp,€VaWV ~ 8'"ap,rJTOU, apOTOW "I to I apxpr T€ OVUop,€vawv· .\t" I ", I at 0rJ TOt VU/cTa~ T€ /Cat t]p,aTa T€UUapa/cOVTa 'A. . .oE ' 7T€pt7T/\,OP,€VOV ," /C€/CfV't'aTat, aVTt~ €VtaUTOV" A. ' 7TpWTa " ' . ' 't'atVOVTat, Ta xapaUUOp,€VOtO UW1]pOV. " , t'l ,"\ ' OUTO~ Tot 7T€OtWV 7T€/\,€Tat vop,o~, o£fl T€ "8 I , 7TOVTOV f;) 'rl'" €'Y'YU t Vat€TaOUU , o£ T 8aAaUU11~ ' I a'Y/C€a ,..,1]UIT1]€VTa , " 8' /Cup,a£VOVTO~ a7T07Tpo t, 7T£Ova " XwpOV Q ... vatOUITtv· 'YUp,VOV U7T€tp€tV, 'YVp'VOV O€ ,..,OWT€tV , " , " , . 'YVp'VOV T d " t" I , ap,a€tV, OTav wpta 7TaVTa 7T€AWVTat. l\I€8' &v"Op,1]po~· 'AP,'t" A. \ .' • , A £aVTa~ ootOv~ "'" A. ' oap tUTaVTO 't'aAa'Y'Y€~ '''' ",,, " A " /CapT€(Ja£, a~ OUT av IC€V p1]~ OVOUatTO P,€T€A8' WV • W , 'A81]va£1] /\'aouuoo~. O£ 'Yap apluTOt ' T"' "",'€p,tp,VOV /CptV 8 €VT€~ pwa~ T€ /Ca£"'E '/CTopa owv I OUT€ /C "\ I t , , , cppa~aVT€~ DOpV Souni, ua/Co~ ua/C€! 7Tpo8€A6p,vw· 522 J \ iLU7T£~ "" , ,ap It-',J to' aU7Tto €P€W€, /Copv~ , " t'\ /CopVV, av€pa 0 aVrJt.' I 8 e~ "\.",ap,7TpOtU£ "',J.. I "t' avov ' "£7T7rO/COp,Ot /Copu 't'aAOtIT£ , ' " ' , ',l..' , I veUOVTWV· w~ 7TV/cVO£ €'t'€UTaUaV aAArJAo£U£V. g aU'Y1] " xa"'/C€£1] " /COp V' 8 wv" a7TO ",ap,7TOp,€VaWV ' ' , ' A . " IJ wP1]/Cwv 7€ V€OfJp,1]/cTWV lJ"a/C€wv T€ 'l'a€tvwv ePX0p,EvWV IJ.p,VDt~. p,aAa /C€V 8pafJu/Cap()to~ . ' O~ TOT€ €r'1]. ' ," , 7TOI'OJl , '0' a/CaXO£-TO. , , "i'11 81)fJ€t€V WWJI ovo After these verses had been spoken, all the Hellenes called for Homer to be crowned. But King Paneides bade each of them recite the finest passage from his own poems. Hesiod, therefore, began 1 as follows: "When the Pleiads, the daughters of Atlas, begin to rise begin the harvest, and begin ploughing ere they set. For forty nights and days they are hidden, but appear again as the year wears round, when first the sickle is sharpened. This is the law of the plains and for those who dwell near the sea or live in the rich-soiled valleys, far from the wave-tossed deep: strip to sow, and strip to plough, and strip to reap when all things are in season." Then Homer 2 : "The ranks stood firm about the two Aiantes, such that not even Ares would have scorned them had he met them, nor yet Athena who saves armies. For there the chosen best awaited the charge of the Trojans and noble Hector, making a fence of spears and serried shields. Shield closed with shield, and helm with helm, and each man with his fellow, and the peaks of their head-pieces with crests of horsehair touched as they bent their heads: so close they stood together. The murderous battle bristled with the long, flesh-rending spears they held, and the flash of bronze from polished hehns and newburnished breast-plates and gleaming shields blinded the eyes. Very hard of heart would he have been, who could then have seen that strife with joy and felt no pang." 1 Works and Days, 383-392. • Wad xiii. 126-133, 339-344. CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD ~\ 0.' \' , \ 06 ICai Ell TOVT'I' TOil 'CJavp.aUaIlT6~ flO p,'T}POII ' 01 °E"""'T}IIE~ errv"OVV, " , W~ " " , 7rapa TO 7rPOU'T}ICOV 'YE'Y0VO.. ,.... " ,"\. ~ t" \' f TruV TWV E7rWV, ICal EIC€",eVOV otoOVai T'T}V VIIC'T}V. 0 oe jjaUlt..EV~ T6V 'Hulooov €UT€¢aIlWUIiV Ei7r6Jv "'" TOV ' "€7H 'Y€ooP'Ylav I ICai "fiLP1)V1)V , "\, ICawv fiwal 7rpoICa",ovp.evov VIICaV, OU T6V 7rot..ep,ov~ ICat u¢a'Ya~ Otegt6VTa. .. \ '" d..J.' ,.. \ C'H ' ~ T1)~ p.ev OVV VIIC1)~ OVToo '!'aUL TVXew TOV (1"£OoOV ICat t..ajjovTa Tpl7rooa Xat..ICOf)1I ava06tVat Tat~ ' , , .r.aVTa' M ovual~ e7rt'Ypa." ot- 'H UIOOO~ ' ~ M' ' TOVO 'N"8 ovuat~ 'E' ",tICOOVIU' ave 'T}IC6V ~ , . X ' ,~ 0" "0 Vj.£V'I' VtIC1)ua~ 6V a",ICIot EIOV j.£1)POV. . , 0' T " .. ' ' " • , , "H ' ov DE a'Yoovo~ ota",v EVTO<; Ol67r",fiVUeV 0 ~UIO.. ' A '.J.. ' , \"', oo~ eL~ L.l.E",!,OV~ xp1)uop.evo~ ICat T1)~ VIIC1)~ a7rap- , xa<; T'I'"0"' e'l' ava0' 1)Uoov. Tcfj vap , " Iil7rew' , t" l ... 7rPOU6pX0j.£evov De aUTOV €vOeOV 'YEvop.evrJV T~V 7rpo¢fjTlv ¢autv (.) • " ~ .,.' '.J.. " OVTO~ aV1)p, 0<; EP.OV ooP.OV ap.,!,I7rO",eVel, 0 ,",,-"0<; 'H ULOOO~ ' . M OVUVUL J TET£p.evo<; "0 a avaTVUtV· ' ,., t-' ";' "'\ J/ "'t'> , TOV 0 1)TOt IC"EO<; EUTal, OUOV T e7rLICIOvaTat 1)OO~. I d I at..t..a .:llO~ 7rE¢vt..ago NEp,elov ICat..t..tp.ov lit..uo~· '" " EUTIV. , ICEI"0·' I De TOt 0 avaToIO TE",O~ 'TrE7rpoop.evov '0 DE .' 'H u£Ooo<; ' .. X " "" aICovua<; TOV" T1)~ P1)UP.OV, IIet..07rovv1uov p.ev avexwpe, vop.lua~ T~V €ICE'i '0" ' ' .De \ 0"W01)V T1)<; "AOICP". ' TOV N ep.eav eov "e'YEW, 61~ 00<; e't..06Jv ICaTat..vel 'Trap' •Ap.¢I¢avlil ICat I'avv.. ffi I " f , .. ICTOpt, TOL~ '*'1)'Yeoo<; 'TralUW, a'Yv01)ua<; TO p.aVT€tov. \ t '" d " ... A' N ep,elov ' of 'Yap T07rO<; OVTO~ a7ra~ eICa,,(!tTo L.UO~ II' , too /O""~""'"'\' I, 323 /liPOV. olaTplfJ1)~ De aVT'f' 7r"eWVo~ 'Ylivop,ev1)~ ev " 0'''' I!" TOI~ woevuw, V7rOvo>]uaIlT6~ 01 VEaVIUICoI T1)1I ' .. , .J.. \ '" " ' . . 'a'TrOICT6', aoe",!,>]v aVTIAIV p.o'XEvelv TOV 'II UIOOOV, f, 586 \ Here, again, the Hellenes applauded Homer admiringly, so far did the verses exceed the ordinary level; and demanded that he should be adjudged the winner. But the king gave the crown to Hesiod, declaring that it was right that he who called upon men to follow peace and husbandry should have the prize rather than one who dwelt on war and slaughter. In this way, then, we are told, Hesiod gained the victory and received a brazen tripod which he dedicated to the Muses with this inscription: "Hesiod dedicated this tripod to the Muses of Helicon after he had conquered divine Homer at Chalcis in a contest of song." After the gathering was dispersed, Hesiod crossed to the mainland and went to Delphi to consult the oracle and to dedicate the first fruits of his victory to the god. They say that as he was approaching the temple, the prophetess became inspired and said: "Blessed is this man who serves my house,Hesiod, who is honoured by the deathless Muses: surely his renown shall be as wide as the light of dawn is spread. But beware of the pleasant grove of N emean Zeus; for there death's end is destined to befall you." When Hesiod heard this oracle, he kept away from the Peloponnesus, supposing that the god meant the Nemea there; and coming to Oenoe in Locris, he stayed with Amphiphanes and Ganyctor the sons of Phegeus, thus unconsciously fulfilling the oracle; for all that region was called the sacred ['lace of Nemean Zeus. He continued to stay a somewhat long time at Oenoe, until the young men, suspecting Hesiod of seducing their sister, killed 587 CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD " TO fl-€Ta~tV' T'l~ " 'A xala~ • 1 ICa., T'l~ "AOICP£' VaVT€~ El~ ,~ 0\ " O~ 'Tre'\MPfO~ ICaT€7rOV-rurav. TOV Of V€ICPOV Tp"- him and cast his body into the sea which separates Achaea and Locris. On the third day, however, his body was brought to land by dolphins while some local feast of Ariadne was being held. Thereupon, all the people hurried to the shore, and recognizing the body, lamented over it and buried it, and then began to look for the assassins. Bu t these, fearing the anger of their countrymen, launched a fishing boat, and put out to sea for Crete: they had finished half their voyage when Zeus sank them with a thunderbolt, as Alcidamas states in his Museum. Eratosthenes, however, says in his Hesiod that Ctimenus and Antiphus, sons of Ganyctor, killed him for the reason already stated, and were sacrificed by Eurycles the seer to the gods of hospitality. He adds that the girl, sister of the above-named, hanged herself after she had been seduced, and that she was seduced by some stranger, Demodes by name, who was travelling with Hesiod, and who was also killed by the brothers. At a later time the men of Orchomenus removed his body as they were directed by an oracle, and buried him in their own country where they placed this inscription on his tomb: "Ascra with its many cornfields .was his native land; but in death the land of the horse-driving Minyans holds the bones of Hesiod, whose renown is greatest among men of all who are judged by the test of wit." So much for Hesiod. But Homer, after losing the D - t , \, ... t " 8' \t'"'\ri.' TatOv 7rpO~ T'lV'Y'lV V7rO Of"-rtVWV 7rpouev€x €VTO~, t ... , , " ... " 'A ptaoo €OpT'l~ Ttvo~ €7rtXwp£Ov 7rap aVTOt~ OVUlJ~ t 2 ' ' " , '\.'''~ \ ' v€.a~, 7raVT€~ €7r£ TOV at'Y"a",ov €vpafl-ov /Cat TO " , ' " fl-fV ' 7rfV 8'')UaVTf~ fw8aUWfl-a "fVwp.uaVT€~, €IC€£VO +av, TOV~ DE rpolle~~ lijleS~Tovv. 0; De rpo(31J8€VTe~ , ... ,,\"" \ , t T'lV TWV 7rO"'tTWV 0P'Y'7V ICaTaU7raUaVTe~ aAt€vTt/Cov u/Carpo~ D'€7rA€Vuav el~ KP~TlJV' o{)~ /CaT I , , .... fZ' , , fl-€UOV TOV 7r ",OVV ev~ Kepavvwua~ ICaTf7rOVTwuev, W~ rplJUtv 'AA"tDafl-M ev Movu€£w. 'Epa0' -rlJu£v -I.. "H ' 0 3 K Ttfl-€VOV ' ' ' TOU 8€VlJ~ oe fll UtOOrp /Cat, "AVTt-r rl. 0v TOV~ I avv/cTopO~ f7rt TV 7rpOftplJfl-€VIJ alT£q. evaAovTa~ , urpa'Ytau8ijvat 8€0~~ TO£~ ~fV£Ot~ "E'VpV/C"€OV~ -,.' I " V7r TOV... fl-aVTew~. TlJV fl-eVTOt 'Trap 8'€VOV, , '0 ~ -I.. ' " , -1..8 0fav ' TlJV aoe"'-rlJ v TWV 7rpoetp'lfl-€Vwv, fl-ETa" TlJV -r €aVT~V (WapTijuat· rp8apijllat De IJ7rO T£VO~ ~EVOV uVVoDov TOU 'HUtODov fllJfl-WDOV~ ovofl-a' &v /Cal '" 8'" tf aVTOV avatpe 'lvat V7rO TWV aVTWV -r'lU£V. vUTepov 0'E '0PX0fl-fVtot I \ \ I /CaTa XP'lufl-0v fl-€T€Vf'Y/CavTE~ , \ ' t . . . "8 .. '1' \ , , ' \ ... aVTOV 7rap aVTOt~ e ayav /Cat E7r€'Ypa+av f7r£ Trp Tarprp' a ° 'r' t,... "... ,...,.,., aAAa AU/CP7J fl-€V 7raTp£~ 7rOAVA~to~, 8avoVTor; , , "'\ 't: ... M ' , OUTfa 7r "7Jr;t7r7rO~ 'Y'l tvva~ ICaTfX€l 'H UlOOOV, '0 " " av 8pW7rot~ ' ' "€UTtIl TOV"~ 7r",€tUTOV EV "A€o~ , 0 " "Q'-I..' avopwv ICP£V0fl-EVWV EV ,..,auallrp u0't't7J~. K a.' ° ' HU£OOOVTouaVTa' '· " ' oe ~'''O fl-'lpot; 7rEpt" fl-€V I Westermann: EM.las, MS. • So MS.: 'Plov ~'Yv,(as, Flach .(after Nietzsche). • Goettling: Ipn,,&Bw, MS. • Friedel: ~"A&PT"J, MS.; ~"AB&p1'"J, Flach (after Stephanu./. 588 CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD , , ..., CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD ,,, a \' ,~"' , 0a, 07riOTepoov avopoov apXWft6 M" ovua~ a7rOTVXWV T'1~ v~"'1~ 7reptEpX0ftevo~ Ei\6'Ye T 7ro~~ftaTa, 7rproTOV ftEV TiW ®'1/3atoa, E7r'TJ ,~, lj~ , '1 apx'1' 324 v Ap'Yo~ /letoe, Od, 7roi\vU'iI'tOV, EvOev /lva"TlW • 'E7rt'Y0VOV~, ' " ,... f ' , e~Ta e7r'TJ I~' oov '1 apx'}" ., " av'0" vvv ./, ,/,auL" 'Yap . '0 ' • " "aL,'l"a nVE~ victory, went from place to place reciting his poems', and first of all the Thehals in seven thousand verses which begins: "Goddess, sing of parched Argos whence kings ... ," and then the Epigoni in seven thousand verses beginning: "And now, Muse8, let us begin to sing of men of later days" ; for some say that these poems also are by Homer. Now Xanthus and Gorgus, son of Midas the king, heard his epics and invited him to compose a epitaph for the tomb of their father on which was a bronze figure of a maiden bewailing the death of Midas. He wrote the following lines : " I am a maiden of bronze and sit upon the tomb of Midas. While water flows, and tall trees put forth leaves, and rivers swell, and the sea breaks on the shore; while the sun rises and shines and the bright moon also, ever remalllll1g on this mournful tomb I tell the passer-by that Midas here lies buried." For these verses they gave him a silver bowl which he dedicated to Apollo at Delphi with this inscription: "Lord Phoebus, I, Homer, have given you a noble gift for the wisdom I have of you: do you ever grant me renown." After this he composed the Odyssey in twelve thousand verses, having previously written the Iliad in fifteen thousand five hundred verses. l From Delphi, as we are told, he went to Athens and was entertained by Medon, king of the Athenians. And being one day in the council hall when it was cold 1 The accepted text of the Iliad contains 15,693 verses; that of the Odyssey, 12,llO. 59 1 CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD ~I I ,I ICato}LEvov uXEotaUat "'€'YE'Tat ,~" 'TOVUoE 'TOV~ CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD un- XOVS" 'A vOPOS' ~, , "~ I A. , '" I, }LEV U'T€,/,avot 71"ato€S'. 71"VP'YO' oE 71"O"''Y}O~. " ~'.., I ".' 0 ' , 171"71"Ot 0 av 71"EO£OV /COO' }LO~, V'Y}ES' o€ a",auu'Y}S', ,",aoS' ' 0.' E'V " a'Y0pvut " /Ca 0''Y}}LevoS' E,uopaau " 0at. at'0 O}L€VOV o€ 71"VpO~ 'Y€papW'TEpO~ Ot/CoS' tofU I ." I . ' . ' 0 at " , f""" ',.I,. 'Y}}Lan XEt}Lep'f{'. 071"0'T av VE',/,VUt 325 'E"O·' /CE' EV OE ' K Optv ' 0OV, Eppa' Etc; t<[lOE' 'Ttt 7rot~}LaTa. 'Tt}L'Y}OelS' o~ }L€'YaAWC; 71"apa, , "A P'Y0C; /Cat\ "",E'YEt E/C , 'T'Y}~ "'I'",taooS' 'Ta 'YtvE'Tat €tC; e71"'Y} 'TaoE' '. . 0 ·,t , K povtwv. ' I. , 71"apa'YEvo}LEVO~ ,. ~,vA T1 0' I P'Y0S' 'T EtXOV tpVV a 'TE 'Tf!f.Xto€UUav 'V I ' \ /Ca'Ta "/Co",71"OV , "'P}LtoV'Y}V 'T , 'A utv'Y}V 'T€, fJ a 0 UV 0 , , Exovua~. ""' 'R £Ovac; I ,,' "E'· 'TE /Ca.\a}L71"E"'OEV'T 71"£OavpOV T pOt~'Y}V " ' , A" M I I " " A " V'Y}UOV 'T ''Ytvav aU'Y}'Ta 'TE /COVPOt ?f:a,wv, 'TWV avO' ~'Ye}LOVevE fJo~v a'YaOoS' Ato}L'Y}o'Y}~ Tuoeto'Y}S', ov 7ra'TpoS' ~Xwv }LEVOS' Olvdoao, /Cal ~OEV€AOS', Ka71"avfjoS' a'Ya/cAEt'TOV cplAOS' vioS" ,., I "'l , " '0 'TOtUt 0to'''' a}L E' VpU71"V"'O, 'Tp''Ta'To~ /CtEV, to'o EOS' cpw" M'Y}/CtU'TEW' vio, Ta"Aatovloao liva/C'To,. , or'" fJ' • 0' A ,~ 71"av'TWv 0 '1'YE''TO 0'Y}V a'Ya 0, t.J.to}L'Y}o'Y}S'. " ~ , 0'Y0w/CoV'Ta , • I h ". 'TOtO" 0. ' a}L }Le",atvat V'Y}€~ E71"OV'TO' , .,.. ,I • 1 , , EV 0 avopE, 7rO"'E}LOtO. oa'Y}}Love, EU'TtXOWV'TO 'Ap'YEtot AtvOOroP'Y}/CE" /c€V'Tpa 7r'TOA~.JLOto,1 , E/C T WV " OE .' 'AP'YE'WV " Ot 7rPOEU'T'Y}/CO'Te" " " U71"EP fJ' o"'v xaOEV'T€S' €7rl 'Til €'Y/cw}Lia~EUOat 'TO 'YEVOS' av'Twv ,\ ""~E:' ,. ,." \ V71"O 'TOV EVOO<;O'Ta'TOV 'TWV 71"Ot'Y}'TWV, au'TOV }L€V 1 This and the preceding line arl not found in tho recIind text. 59 3 and a fire was burning there, he threw off the following lines: "Children are a man's crown, and towers of a city, horses are the ornament of a plain, and ships of the sea; and good it is to see a people seated in assembly. But with a blazing fire a house looks worthier upon a wintry day when the Son of Cronos sends down snow." From Athens he went on to Corinth, where he sang snatches of his poems and was received with distinction. Next he went to Argos and there recited these verses from the Iliad 1 : "The sons of the Achaeans who held Argos and walled Tiryns, and Hermione and Asine which lie along a deep bay, and Troezen, and E,ones, and vineclad Epidaurus, and the island of Aegina, and Mases, -these followed strong-voiced Diomedes, son of Tydeus, who had the spirit of his father the son of Oeneus, and Sthenelus, dear son of famous Capaneus. And with these two there went a third leader, Eurypylus, a godlike man, son of the lord Mecisteus, sprung of Talaiis ; but strong-voiced Diomedes was their chief leader. These men had eighty dark ships wherein were ranged men skilled in war, Argives with linen jerkins, very goads of war." This praise of their race by the most famous of all poets so exceedingly delighted the leading Argives, that they rewarded him with costly gifts and 1 ii 559-568 (with two additional verBes). 593 CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD , 7rOA.VT€AE(H • " 'ETtfL'1CTav, , orop€at~ " . oe ' Xa A • eMCDva , , '.'n'1'j-'''TaVTO -1,' 8 ' "€7r£Tel\.etV n /Cf)v avaCTT'1CTaVTe~ E't' VCTtaV 'f:1 , \,.. t. '0 fk~Pro /Ca 8 '1fkEpav /Cat /CaTa fL'1va /Ca /CaT ' " /Cat"'''' ' ,~, €VtaVTOv, al\.A'1v 8 VCTtaV 7reVTaET'tJptoa e£~ f , / , fA.. too""'" XWV a7rOCTTEAA6W. E7rt'Ypa'j-'OVCT£ OE €7r£ T'1~ " , ... €£/covo, aVTOV' OONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD set up a brazen statue to him, decreeing that sacrifice should be offered to Homer daily, monthly, and yearly; and that another sacrifice should be sent to Chios every five years. TIlls is the inscription they cut upon his statue: "TIlls is divine Homer who by his sweet-voiced art honoured all proud Hellas, but especially the Argives who threw down the god-built walls of Troy to avenge rich-haired Helen. For this cause the people of a great city set his statue here and serve him with the honours of the deathless gods." After he had stayed for some time in Argos, he crossed over to Delos, to the great assembly, and there, standing on the altar of horns, he recited the lIymn to Apollol which begins: "I will remember and not forget Apollo the far-shooter." When the hymn was ended, the Ionians made him a citizen of each one of their states, and the Delians wrote the poem on a whitened tablet and dedicated it in the temple of Artemis. The poet sailed to los, after the assembly was broken up, to join Creophylus, and stayed there some time, being now an old man .. And, it is said, as he was sitting by the sea he asked some boys who were returning from fishing : "Sirs, hunters of deep-sea prey, have we canght anything?" 326 594 1 HD",.,.;, Hymns, iii. '!)' CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESmD CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD To this they replied: "All that we caught, we left behind, and carry away all that we did not catch." Homer did not understand this reply and asked what they meant. They then explained that they had caught nothing in fishing, but had been catching their lice, and those of the lice which they caught, they left behind; but carried away in their clothes those which they did not catch. Hereupon Homer remembered the oracle and, perceiving that the end of his life had come composed his own epitaph. And while he was retiring from that place, he slipped in a clayey place and fell upon his side, and died, it is said, the third day after. He was buried in los, and this is his epitaph: " Here the earth covers' the sacred head of divine Homer, the glorifier of hero-men." 597 APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX H$IOAOT KATAAOrOI rTNAIKnN HESIOD, CATALOGUES OF WOMEN 1 19A. OxyrhynchuB Papyri 1358 fro P (3rd cent. A.D.). I 8' ap JI , 'u •• , ••••••••••••• €'J 7l"€p'T}rT€ afA.fLVPOV v 8rop 'T'T}AOfJ€V el~ Kp~'T'T}v,] At6~ SI"'T}()€'icra SOMtrTt. " pa A.a fJ wv ,~ I: ] , •• ,,~ 'T'T}V 'T}P7l"as€ 'TT'a.'T'T}p Kat, uwpov €oroKev " , ~ "H]A. ", oPfLOV XpVrT€WV OV ~,atrT'TO~ KfI,V'TO'T€XV'1J~ 7l"O£'T}rTf.V 7l"0'T' l1.'YaAfLa lSvt]llrTW 'TT'pa7l"lSerTrTt 5 Kat lC'Teavov 7l"ope 7l"a'Tpl] ¢eprov' Ii S' eSega'TO SWfO[v. aiJ'T6~ S /i,p OWK€V KOUP?l] O[VtK[ o]~ a'Yavov. a,V'Tap E7l"€l o{J-rro 'T }i]~e 'TavtrTcpuP'l' EvpW'TT'€[£]?l fLiXfJ'1 p' EV rptAO'T'1}'Tt] 7l"a'T~p avSpwv 'T€ 8ew[v 'TE, av'Tt~ f'TT'€t'T' a'TT'Efj'T} VV ]fL¢f)~ 7rapd KaAAtKofL[ ow. 10 fJ S' Spa 'TT'a'iSa~ g'TtK'T ]ev iJ'TT'ep}k€VEt Kpov[lrovt, "vSaA£fLOV~ €i1'1}cpe JVEWV ~'Y'1'TOPM u'vS[pwv, Mivw 'T€ "pelov'TaJ UKatOV 'T€ 'PaMfLav[fJvv Kat $ap7l""T)Sova S'lov] u,fLufLova 'T€ Kpa'T€p[ OV ) ... 'TO'iO'iV ~a~ 'TtfLa~ St]eS[ti]O'O'a'T'o fJl1J'Ti€'T'a Z[€1)~. 15 • "A ' , ] I ~~ JI 'T}'Tot 0 p:€V V"£'T}~ evp et'T}~ L~' avauu€ I ,.\. Vai€'Tafi)Ua~ , 7l"a}k7l"OA€a~ 'T , "e , vve 71'0']'fl,eL~ ev 1 For the restoration of 11, 1-16 Bee 0... Pnp. pt. xi. pp, 46-7: the IlUppiemerits of 11.17-31 a.r6 by the Translator (op. ~. Qua,rt. x. (1916), pp. 65-67). 60D 19A. •• So she (Europa) crossed the briny water from afar to Crete, beguiled by the wiles of Zeus. Secretly did the Father snatch her away and gave her a gift, the golden necklace, the toy which Hephaestus the famed craftsman once made by his cunning skill and brought and gave it to his father for a possession. And Zeus received the gift, and gave it in turn to the daughter of proud Phoenix. But when the Father of men and of gods had mated so far off with trim-ankled Europa, then he departed back again from the rich-haired girl. So she bare sons to the almighty Son of Cronos, glorious leaders of wealthy men-Minos the ruler, and just Rhadamanthys and noble Sarpedon the blameless and strong. To these did wise Zeus give each a share of his honour. Verily Sarpedon reigued mightily over wide Lyeia and ruled very many cities filled 1 The following fragment. from the Hesiodic Catalog"" were published "fter this edition had been stereotyped, "nd are therefore here "dded &II "'" &ppendix. 601 APPENDIX " i\]i\'1) 00' 60& , " ~ , tIIC1)7r'TpOV' '11'0 EtI7rE'T0 TtP/f}, , • 0" , i\'] , i\ arov' " T1)V 0& oroICE 7ra'T1)p fl,E'Ya 1) 'TOpl 7rOlfl,EV& " 'Yap , E7rO """~roE£V 'lEvEa'1_~ fl,EP07rroV ' , 0pro7rrov ' 'TPE£~ av 20 , , " ] ",,,a'TO fl,1)T£6'Ta ' Zev.,· ' fl,1)0.' a7r0'Y1)patIICEW EVE'TE£ 7ref1,7r€ fl,£V Tpo(1)vOE. 7r0i\]Vv 8' €ICplvaTo Aaov, , EIC , A VIC£'Y}~ 'A," ,' AEICTOV" 'l'roTa." T]' p 0060'0' ,€7r£ICOVpOV." \ H ~ ap7r1)ooov • \ "] "' L .' 'TOV~ a'lE .... ICpVEpOV 7r0,,,,,fl,O£0 oa1)fl,OOv. , , 0 .' I..t ~" ]' , A, lvrov 25 ovpavo EV oE O'IICEV 0 'l aO''T Epa, >:J''Y}fl,a'Ta ""a VOO'TOV 0' vI£ CplAft', ZEV~] llcpO£Ta fl,~OEa €low~. • • • • • . . • • ]a'TO~ afl,cp £#ai\oVtIa£~ , "A, ••,~ .']/1.10 ' • 6V• 'lap 6Vl ""peO'£, OlO O'T£ 01) "",£0 ev 'T6pa~ "lEV. "" l ' . A, , "I• fl,E'l aptO'TEV!TSV 'TE fl,EO"'E] ICT opo~ avop0'l'0VO£O 'H Z1)VO~ EXroV oe " '"I: II "]0' '.'''0 30 ICat\ 'Tf?tX0'> f'Y}SEV' UavaOlO'£ os IC1)OE e 1)ICEV. 'AA' • , H " , .. L a OT ap efl,7rVEUO'EV ICpaTEpov /""VO ]'A ~ P'l€£'[] 0 un [IIti'TpoICAO'> • • • ]ICa[ 40A. HESIOD, CATALOGUES OF WOMEN with people, wielding the sceptre of Zeus: and great honour followed him, which his father gave him, the great-hearted shepherd of the people. For wise Zeus ordained that he should liv\': for three generations of mortal men and not waste away with old age. He sent him to Troy; and Sarpedon gathered a great host, men chosen out of Lycia to be allies to the Trojans. These men did Sarpedon lead, skilled in bitter war. And Zeus, whose wisdom is everlasting, sent him forth from heaven a star, shoWing tokens for the return of his dear son . . . for well he (Sarpedon) knew in his heart that the sign was indeed from Zeus.' Very greatly did he excel in war together with man-slaying Hector and brake down the wall, bringing woes upon the Danaans. But so soon as Patroclus had inspired the Argives with hard courage • • • (Cp. 43 and 44.) Owyrhynch'lJ,8 Papyri 1358fr. 21 (3rd cent. A.D.). (Slight remains of 7 lines.) MacTcTa'YETwv 'T , J' €'II't ~p'la ICat 'H[fl,£ICvvrov a'YE- pooxrov " afl,EV'7vrov, " /Cat'IIv'l [fl,awJV cpVAa 'T' a'll'E]£peO'lrov MEAavo[xpWTrov A£#vrov T€ 10 'TOU,> 'E'II'acpft'] 'T€ICE raza 'll'EAW[P1) 'XP1)cTfl,OA6'YOV~ 'TE fl,aV'TOtIvv]qs T€ 7ravofl,rpalo[ U a£o~ €lOOTa~ atO'v, 'o/evO'Ta'> o',o]cppa OtWZcTW ucpe[£fl,]evo£ aTaq-[OwO' ]tv '0' '70E Ka'TOVo0]' atrov 1 The restorations are mainly those adopted or suggested in 0",. Pap. pt. xi. pp. 48 If.: for those of n. 8-14 see OlatJ8. Qua-rt. x. (1916) pp., 67-69. 60a (The Sons of Boreas pursued the Harpies) to the lands of the Massagetae and of the proud Half-Dog men, of the Underground-folk and of the feeble Pygmies; and to the tribes of the boundless Blackskins and the Libyans. Huge Earth b~re these to Epaphus-soothsaying people, knowing seercraft by the will of Zeus the lord of oracles, but deceivers, to the end that men whose thought passes thew APPENDIX HESIOD, CATALOGUES OF WOMEN dJlOpO>'lTOt,] 'T&JJI p.~JI 'Tf! JlOO~ ['YA]IDO'O'fj~ ICaO[ Vrr JEpBeJl' 'AtOlo'ITa~] 'Te A£/3v~ 'Til lOE ~ICv[O]a\' i7r'Tr'l)- utterance 1 might be subject to the gods and suffer harm-Aethiopians and Libyans and mare-milking Scythians. For verily Epaphus was the child of the almighty Son of Cronos, and from him sprang the dark Libyans, and high-souled Aethiopians, and the Underground-folk and feeble Pygmies. All these are the offspring of the lord, the Loudthunderer. Round about all these (the Sons of Boreas) sped in darting /light ... of the well-horsed Hyperboreans-whom Earth the all-nourishing bare far off by the tumbling streams of deep-flowing Eridanus . . . of amber, feeding her wide-scattered offspring-, and about the steep Fawn mountain and rugged Etna to the isle Ortygia and the people sprung from Laestrygon who was the son of widereigning Poseidon. Twice ranged the Sons of Boreas along this coast and wheeled round and about yearning to catch the Ha.rpies, while they strove to escape and avoid them. And they sped to the tribe of the haughty CephalJenians, the people of patient-souled Odysseus whom in aftertime Calypso the queenly nymph detained for Poseidon. Then they came to the land of the lord the son of Ares . . . they heard. Yet still (the Sons of Boreas) ever pursued them with instant feet. So they (the Harpies) sped over the sea and through. the fruitless J,':O[A'YOV]~. 15 ,j p' E'Tracpo~ "I]EJleO' vi6~ v7rep[p.]EJI~O~ KpOJl£IDJlO~' 'TO'O Al/3v~] p.eAaJle\' 'TE ICat 'At[O]£o7re\' P.€'YaOvP.Ot ~oE Ka'Tov]llat:ot ICat IIv'Yp.al:[ Ot] ap.EJI'I)Jlol. ai 'lTaJl'Te~] ICpeloJl'To~ 'EptIC'TVrrov etO't 'YeJl~8>v'l' ICal 'TOV'Tov]~ 'IT~Pt IC6ICA[ rp] f.OVJlEOV atO'O'OV'TE~ 2'1 ]vea p.. [ •.• ''r]7rep(3operoJi Eul'IT'lTroJl, ofl\' 'T~ICf! r17] cpep(3ovO'a 'IT [ OA]vO'7rep~M 7rOAVcpop/3o~ 'T17Ae 7rap' 'Hptoavot:]o /3a[Ovpp]OOv al7ro' peeOpa ] 'lTp. [ ••.•••• •HAeIC'TpOtQ· N e/3p&JOE~ 'T' ~po~] al7r~ IC[ at AfTv]'I)JI 7rat7raAOEO'O'aJl, 25 lJ17crov E7r' '0 ]P'TVty£'7J1, AatO''T[pv'YoJl]£'7J1 'TE 'YeJleOA'I)JI, O~ 'Te IIocret ]MroJlo~ EptO'O[ E]v~o~ 'YeJlEO' vio~. , , "]' ' ... _ ' , , rl. ' 'TE ICUIC"ro... ' 'T'I)JI 'lTapa 0 '\' 7ro"-,,O'aJi 7rEP' 'T ap.'t" uaVTO UP.EVO'] p.ap+a.· 'Tat 0' EICCPU'Y€EtJI ICat aAV~at €\' 'TE KecpaAA]~vroJi a'YEpOOXIDV cpv'\'ov 8povuav, 30 [01)P.OJl 'OOUUU170~ 'TaAau£cppOJlO~, &v P.E'T~'TrEt'Ta] 1 30' etP'YE IIouE.]llaIDvt KaAv+ro 7ro'Tv(,a v6p.cp'l). , 0' tICOV'T q " '] '" avaIC'TO~ w eJl E7rt "I " ataJi 'A p'l)'Ttaoao ]t[.. .]a IC'\'VOV' a'\''\'' (ipa ICat 'To,~ " , "'0 ' ' ] XpOJltO'O't I '. a.EV op.ro, Eo'roICOV E'Tr' 'TrOOEO'U'. , , U'TrEp " I ] v o.a ~, 'T"0' , l 35 at• 0. ' ap 'TrOV'TO at EpO~ a'Tpv'Ye'TOtO The restoration of the apparent l....,u11& is by Mr. Lobel: see Ox. Pap. pt. xi. p. 51. 1 all" • • • 1 •••• those who seek to outwit the oracle, or to ask of it more than they ought, will be deceived hy it and be led to ruin: cpo H limn 10 H ormes, 641 If. 60S APPENDIX HESIOD, CATALOGUES OF WOMEN [UNCERTAIN POSITION.] OxyrhynchuB Papyri 1359.fr. 1 (early 3rd cent. A.D.). (Sligh t remains of 3 lines.) fl 80 P' ,nfLe[AA ]Jv Te "a£ el Ole fLV[OOV] a"ov [UNCERTAIN POSITION.] If indeed he (Teuthras) delayed, and if he feared to obey the word of the immortals who then appeared plainly to them. But her (Auge) he received and brought up well, and cherished in the palace, honouring her even as his own daughters. And Auge bare Telephus of the stock of Areas, king of the Mysians, being joined. in love with the mighty Heracles when he was journeying in quest of the horses of proud Laomedon-horses the fleetest of foot that the Asian land nonrished,-and destroyed in battle the tribe of the dauntless Amazons and drove them forth from all that land. But Telephus routed the spearmen of the bronze-clad Achaeans and made them embark upon their black ships. Yet when he had brought down many to the ground which nourishes men, his own might and deadliness were brought low . . • [UNCERTAIN POSITION.] OxyrhynchuB Papyri 1359.frs. 2 and 3 (early 3rd cent. A.D.). (Remains of 4 lines.) 'HAE"Tp[17 • • • 'Ye[vaO' [iJ7ro8fL'YjOe'iua "€Aatv€cp~' Kpovlwvt Aap8av[ov ••• 'H eT[rova[ Te • • • /."epaCTCTaTo "a",,,-t,,ofL .".,,' Oto• ' or; 7TOTf! A [ '1/JI-'Y}Tpor; JI-€'Y 606 [U NCIi:RTAIN POSITION.' 6 ••• Electra . . . was subject to the dark-clouded Son of Cronos and bare Dardanus . . . and Eetion .•• who once greatly loved rich-haired Demeter. HESIOD, CATALOGUES OF WOMEN APPENDIX 10 15 .. • • .. • .. ] ~~f9[7TltT P'] 1 • • JSao (Jv'}'a'T[p Z7]vt 0' aV>Jp7ra~€v ravvJL>Jo€' 'EptJX(Jov[Oto , , OVV€IC " ,, ,,, J' ~ i' ap a (ava'TOt~ 7r€P J"~ • ICa",l\,o~ € pt~€. lV7Tf.. JOICOJLOV ~ [tOJL 'IV' A to' (T ' ( J ' " ' J ' , '/ 0 aICtv OV ,},€£va'T aJLv JLOI'a 'T€ ICpa'TEPOV 'T€ '" " pa 7rO'T4av'TO~ ] a' 'TOV rpoi,f3o~ a'iSp€£?JUl ICaT€ICTaV€ V']f..€J'i O[UICf['. at€'TO~, "[ Ho[ 1 The assooi ..tion of 11. 1-16 with II. 17-24 is presumed from the apparent mention of Eriohthonius in I. 19. A new section mnst then begin at 1. 21. See Ox. Pap. pt. xi. p. 55 (and for restoration of II. 5-16, ib. p. 53). LI. 111-20 are restored by the Translator. 608 And cloud-gathering Zeus was wroth and smote him, EHion, and laid him low with a flaming thunderbolt, because he sought to lay hands upon rich-haired Demeter. But Dardanus came to the coast of the mainland-from him Erichthonius and thereafter Tros were sprung, and Ilus, and Assaracus, and godlike Ganymedes,-when he had left holy Samothrace in his many-benched ship. * • • Cleopatra . . . the daughter of . But an eagle caught up Ganymedes for Zeus hecause he vied with the immortals in beauty . . . rich-tressed Diomede; and she bare Hyacinthus, the blameless one and strong . . . wh'm, on a time Phoebus himself slew unwittingly with a ruthless disk ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX 1 ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX (By D. L. PAGE, M.A., Student and Tutor of Ohrist Ohuroh, Oxford.) HESIOD, CATALOGUES OF WOMEN 198, H:SIO,lOT KATAAOrOI rTNAIKUN And he g..ve her escort to Ida; and the nymphs on the mountains rejoiced as they welcomed Pasiphae for Zeus • . • and they escorted her to ••. Now Minos was enamoured when his eyes beheld her•••• And she conceived and bare for Millosa mighty son, .. wonder to behold •• , .1 19B. Tebtunis Papyri, III, i. pp. 1-2, No. 690 (2nd cent. B.C.). wll'WO 3' ~p' El. 'Ia~v,' WI'u.I 3' I [lXc!p~ ..u.. iJpotu.I • aO~cll'EVai All naa'[1Jd[~v' , •• wll"jlu.v a'· 01. • • • (Slight remains of one more line; then three lines lost, followed by fragments of five line., in the third of which the name MEU/Wl can be seen.) .,.~s ~ II.p' [l. bJ l[3f'" . . .' (Slight remaina of one more line-a later addition, begun further to the right than the lines above, in ink of a lighter colour. All that can be seen is .Is w6a" •• , 11.1 ••• p8E Kal 6a.vp.a. l • . [ .) 1 The reader i& warned that many of the restorations are merely guesswork. I EI3"" IT (= P"pyrns, throughout), 610 3 1 U the reference in lines 14.-17 is to the Minotaur-and this can hardly be doubted-the passage contains an un· familiar version of the story (Hunt). • a[~ after .61'.1 suggested by Hunt. • Restored by Page • • " ...... 11. IT: Hnnt suggest. some form of rIaa'Irl" but says th&t the is questionable (•. g. p would b~ easier). 6 Restored by Hunt, who suggest. alternatively v6I"P'" at end of line. . , The correction of the third letter of the mysterious I'EII'I5u.o may be intended to convert the 1 into p (Hunt). ! MEIV.. la"o, Hunt, in correspondence with J. U. Powell; who suggests that the line may be misplaced in the papyrus. 8 MEU'W' n. • Restorations suggested by Huut. 6II ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX 45A. 45A. Bulletin de la Societe d' A"c/ufologie d' Ale.mnd,·ie, 23, (4th or 5th cent. A.D.) Now when he 1 heard the cruel utterance,' he trembled in his heart: yet he hoped to bring him back again to their common home, by persuasion or by might of hand. But he sailed thence, and a numerous company followed him. There is an island in the midst of the outfiowings of deep Ister. Thither came Jason through narrow w .. ters to land, fiying before a storm. Men ca.ll it Peuce.' n. 13, p. 294 sq.l a~'T«p 8'T~ K'Aile f-tv8ov cl1l"?]vta, 8[ elate 6uttrf' I: a~'T"L$ 6' ~A 7rE'T& IJ.I" ~vvop [1TO,rl (JIKOY dvd~EIV I 71~ 7rapu.upaulVU" 'h~ ICpa(TEp-ij$ XELpOS' J tv8ev ~' a3 7rAdJ€(fK~, [rro],.Vs 01 Ea'7rETO Acufs.' (un lU 'TlS fLlrI"lJ'f/ 7r[poxowv a "'ItT-rpmo /3aOvpPoll I: v7j".os, a4>lI,[pJe'Tcu tik 8la o"'TELVW1f~lV 'Idrrwv 3 un-o tie 0/71" cl['iJ"o xe'ip.a 0' e 6 K'Ki\~o"KOVO''IV. 3 BOOK A.' ] Ii Kal XpOJlOS' aI ti~ B,dJICEtJI P'ijVi7'} 90170'" (cT1reutiOJl I,] ap.EL{3oJ.tEVOS 8' ~JJl/ca,p¥ Alcrovlol1 s I o:yopevE" a H ,ua](IalveTCU &5 J!Iov iiv80s, TrapfJEV't tpwS" .r! fJ.EVElS ; 0, 'rOJ/ II ] atLelBETO oalCpv X'OV(]'ct KOUPy! KOAX111'S' (' noelEts d I}rro Kthrpttios ~Af1oJl • • • ; ,. 5 (Slight remains of two more lines.) •.• and time withal: and the others hastened their pursuit with swift galleys. Now the son of Aeson made a.nswer in due season and spake: "Maiden, like a fresh flower it fades, our love; why tarriest thou?" And the maid of Colchis wept and answered him: "Wilt thou [ste .. l] ..way the happineBs of love ••• 1" 65. 65. 6 Oxyrhynchus Papyri, XVII, 2075, fro 4. cent. A.D.) (2nd Tt,udJlli[prJV ~EXEP.OS 8C1.i\€p~v 'lrrJ!~(fct'T' ~llrJL'T'VJ '1J'dU1]S TEI'['1]5 filXEV Ifpa'TOS· E'~oxa 0' aAi\wp I dcp~lebr '1 ~v [1CC1.! 'lri\EtU'TCZ 'lTrJPWP ~p.pa'TO ')'uvcztlca 3 ij 01 Aa680KOV[ • • • 'Y ].tva[ e'] OlT08,u[ ~e'; Echemus made Timandra 4, his buxom wife: even he who rnled over all Tege... He was wealthy beyond his fellows, and with full many gift. he wooed hi. ,wife, who yielded to him and ba.re LaodocuB' ••. 'Os Cf. Cronert, Rh,. Fil. Clas.,. N.S. VI. p. 507. • Restored by Cronert. • Restored by Page. • 1 .•. Book IV.: The story of the Argoll""!,S was appar· ently spread over two books in the a,,/aiog"es, But I venture to oppose the ascrip'tion of the.o:;e lines to Hesiod: the tone of vv. 3 sqq. is alien to the style of Hesiod; and early epic usually starts a speech a.t the beginning of a line, not in the middle of it, 1 so. Apsyrtus (cf. Val. Flacc. Argon. VIII, 136). • Of Aeetes (cf. ibid. 137). 8 of. Val. Flacc. V III, 216 (comp ..red by Cronert). • Daughter of Tyndareus. 15 Hitherto unknown. 1 612 IV. [&5 '/rAJos if VETO 'Toi's, &s] Cronert. • The identification of this fragment with 65 i. supported by the appropriate reference to Tegea, which was the head. quarters of Echemus' re..lm (Hunt). 15 7 "IPVELOS n. 61 3 ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX 98. 98. . • • strife. . . . Of mortals who would have dared to fight him with the spear and charge against him, save only Heracles, the great-hearted offspring of Alcaeus? Such an one was (?) strong Meleager, loved of Ares, the golden-haired, dear son of Oeneus and Althaea. From his fierce eyes there shone forth portentous fire: and once in high Calydon he slew the destroying beast, the fierce wild boar with gleaming tusks. In war and in dread strife no man of the heroes dared to face him and to approach and fight with him when he appeared in the forefront. But he was slain by the hands and arrows of Apollo, while he fought for the Curetes, obedient to his good wife. These others too she 1 bare to Oeneus, son of Porthaon, even Phereus, tamer of horses, and stouthearted Periphas, and Toxeus and Clymenus and Agelaus, the peer of Ares, and fair-tressed Gorga and wise Deianeira, who yielded to mighty Heracles and bare Hyllus and Glenus and Ctesippus and Onites. These she bare, and made a dreadful thing for her great-hearted lord, when she sprinkled a 1 .c. Althaea.. 1 The restorations adopted hy Evelyn-White in lines 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21 are now Been to he either false or unsatis· factory. I print the whole passage anew, combining the contributions of the two papyri, with the supplements adopted by Evelyn-White as far as line 12, and with those adopted by Hunt for the rest. See Korte Arohi" Jilr Papyrus/ors.hung x. pp. 20-21 ; J. U. Powell in NB10 Ohapters in Greek LU.rat"re (Second Series), pp. 192-3. (Powell was the first to combine the two papyri.) ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX XW?T[ o~] /Cl1[pa fl-€Xa!vav ava/CT! i!xov ?Tpov?T€fl-1t€1J ~ (Slight remains of three more lines.) • • • • • 26 30 baneful drug on a tunic and sent to the king a robe that held black doom. . .. [But now he is a god, and has escaped from all evil, and he lives where the others dwell in the halls of Olympus, immortal and ageless, with fair-ankled Hebe for his wife, the daughter of great Zeus and goJden-sandalled Hera. Him once the whitearmed goddess Hera hated most of the blessed gods and mortal men: but now she loves and honours him above the other immortals, next only to the almighty son of Cronus.] And noble Hypermestra bare a leader of hosts, Amphiaraus, after she went up to the fruitful bed of Oecles, in Argos where steeds are bred; and he was leader of much people, excellent ill v~lour and in battle, noble in spirit; and he was dear to the immortals. She bare also Iphianeira, who was most fair to behold, and Endeus,! master of men, broad and tall. 1 Hitherto nnknown. the lost minuscule MS. J, the reason for the athetesis being given by the scholiast: lx,gerovvraL "a1 7I.I"Y0Jl'Tat 'ovopa.· ICplrou 1 This and the. next seven lines are obelized in n. See T. W. Allen in the Classioal QMarterly, XXII, April, 1928, pp. 73 ,qq. :-They were obelized because they partly coinoide with Homer A 601-4, where 602-4 were ",Iso obelized in 616 fililat. ~eirnra, TOVTOV [604] {nrb 'Ovop.aKpl-roIJ 1f,t7rE7rOLf/d9a{ tpautv, BI. It is thus possible to infer that these eight lines are the work of Onomacril:rus. Korte mainta.ins that the form &')'npos (hitherto unknown) oould not have been used in the Catalogues. ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX Uncertain Position. 1 Uncertain Position. 7rEtpaa, And there the earth bears mighty trees, and they AOUl'ish . . . and a divine odour is wafted from the peak of holy, many-ridged Olympus. So these maidens 2 were born of Terpsichore in the precinct of far-darting Apollo, after she had lain with Achelous. And there together d well Boreas and l\ otus at the ends of the earth: and Destiny diminishes their season of glorious youth. But when Notus blows warm and the cold departs, . . . veiled, and back to earth . . . mothers, and then straightway nymphs, clad in shining raiment shake their lovely tresses, . . . [came] to fair- 7 vatoua' f , .,. t"]" ' " \ ' fIr;} a,aa DE T OLut /lWUV 0' (WEI. 8aoy"aov'Y)",'Y)v. 1 The subject is obscure~ The lines see-nl to refer to heroines who won immortal happiness through union with , :;rransactions and Proceedings of the American Pnilological Association, LlII, 1922 (Michigan Papyri, No. 11), ed. J. G. \Vinter.l (2nd cent. A.D.) 2 ~vBa o~ i3Evopm fLaKp]a rpV€£ ')(Bwv T'Y)A,€BaovTa ] 3 KpaTO') '" a7r 4 \ Ta,) • \, '0 '. ' Tmv I€P'l a7rOK£QVaTat 00fJ,1} 0 " ' ] 010 V"-UfJ,7r \ .ap ", fJ,EV EV T€fJ,€'] l'E(· , ' • 8'EOto. 7rO"U7rTU')(OU 'Y)'Ya 'A" , 7ro"""mVO~ Q '.... EKaT171-'o,,-ov f 5 OYE£VaTO Tep'ir'')(op'l] 'A')(€A,mtrp Euv'IB€taa' 6 "B EV a ~" 0 , ... ofJ,ou Q ] , I ",0 pE'Y)') T6 VOTO') T , 1 EV 5 , oyat'Y)~ f' Ll ' .... ] , ,~, I " LJ aA,A.' 07rOTaV va" '!t[IO t VUTU') Kat a7rO KpUO') EA.V,[/, 9' ]KEKaA,VfJ,fJ,€va, at 0'10 ~7r£ oyatav ~]7rt 11 fJ,'Y)TEpE[')] al'ira 0'12 €7rl1tTa 10 ]Ka/\,dS aE£ouaw €(}€[pa') 13 €TfJ,aTa atoyaAoeV]Ta 7rEpl xpot VVfJ,rpat ~xo[ U]aat 14 1 Cf. Korte, Archiv far Papyrusforschung viii, p. 251 sq.; Rostagni, Ril1. Fit. Class. N.S. ii, 1921, pp. 134-5; Powell in New Chapters in G·reek Literature (Second Series), pp. 196-7. • Restored by Korte from Homer" 114. a Restored by Korte from '"r 5: 'r'1lA&u' a.7r" OO",""[.t7rO'O Winter from ,59. , 'reb ,.,J" ~p" Korte: l" TEP.JVEt Winter. • Restoration suggested by Korte, comparing A poll. Rhod. iv. 893; but he admits that he cannot make the birth in the temple of Apollo probable, nor knows how to fit the Sirens into the conten. • lp8a a' 01'0. Page: /Jopl'lJ Winter. 618 gods. (So vVinter and Rostagni: Powell describes the passage as "an unknown legend of nymphs in some distant islands.") The ascription to the Oatalogues is disputed by Korte, on the grounds that a:lrodl)vauBat is not found until Alexandrian poetry, that line 5 resembles Apoll. Rhod. iv. 893, and that lc!.popv$ is an odd word. The present editor inclines to agree that the grounds for attribution to Hesiod are too slight, 2 The Sirens? Restored by Page: . . . Moi'pa. o~ Totrn Winter. Lobel: p-tVUJlB dVE' n: ftivvvfJ" &VEt Winter. • Restored by Korte. 10 "8' will have to be removed," KCil'te. 11 11"1 corrected from 'll"Et n. 12 "')'va t E1I"fLTa. originally n: the last letter of "')'vat is crossed out and 8 is written above; the first three letters are also crossed out, and a correction, difficult to interpret, is written above; the result seems to be a,o/a 8. 13 Restored by Winter. a!,' ifJ/LO'''' befot'e "a~a, in v. 11 ! It Corrected from ~xo[v]O':v in IT. 7 8 ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ]VTO 7rap' 'hr7rofJo1]v ZavorppvV" 1 ]a 2 Kat "Hpr/v XPVU07r€OtAOV , t"\'aUTepoevn, f VI'] WVO£\ , €V ovpavrp ,~, fJ Vfl-OV ' €XOVT€~, " T€ fJ' EO£ 1"] .,WOI' T€~, aK'10€a 3 4" W~ 15 ]U€lu£xBova 7rOVT0fl-€OOVTa, ]ij7TWV 'Afl-1M P£T'1V' browed Hippothoe 1 . . . and golden-salldalled Hera . . . their children's sons in the starry heaven, living like the gods, with hearts set free from care . . . the Shaker of Earth, the Ruler of Ocean 2 kindly Amphitrite. 5 Uncertain Position. 3 ••• Aba.: and he begat a son Acrisius: and of the same Uncertain Position. race Perseus, whom they cast into the sea in a chest,-a golden shower raised up thA eon of Danae for Zeus our Annales du Service des AntiquiUs d'Egvpte, 1926, pp. 205 sqq., ed. C. C. Edgar. (3rd cent. A.D.) Maste.. Now Zeus made Perseus the dear husband of Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus; and of her two Bons were born, Sthenelus and mighty [ElectryonJ • (Slight remains of one line.) ]'A,6~,· [0 a' &p' OJ 'AKp[",O • .,./[KeO' vl& •. • a' aa 6 TIe]pO"ija., T~)JJ els lll\o. [Acfpva"'t 8 /3&A7I..ov,· L\avaUi7Jv" t&]vITEJi\e All XpOtTEt[OS iivalc'TL 8 ~}lf3pos' tS lj' «a 6] nepo-1ja cpll\.ov 7r[O{l1(Tf:V o.Kolrr}V 7 •. • bare . . lv8EJI ICOVP'YI S1] 'AvopOfLioas Kl1 vIe aU"'J 7 l]8'VE}~JS ')'E ".lK'T«: JlE • [ j "~pd. ,6ou,,1 • [ T11]A.e,86vo-w E')'E[lvara , Ajl';rp6",v[ 1 This word was hitherto unknown; but cf. latJo'}'l\.lrpo.pof Aleman, I. 69 Diehl: Kudvopuv Camp hell Bonner. s A1\l'nrpj~ Korte. S Restored by Korte. • Restored by Korte from Works anri Days, 112. 6 Possibly ".~la« Kp6.ou verb began the line, with K«I l \'linter) belore ~,., ... 6 Restored bi Page. • Restored by Edgar. • A4pV«« after I!A~ is "just possible" (Edgar). + • . • beside the oxen' . • . lor the Teleboaus 6 • • • she bare ••. Amphitryon . . • .. . 5 f3l"l] T[1° ]11110S 620 .. 10 1 Probably the daughter of Mestor and Lysidice: she WM taken by Poseidon to the Echinades, where she bore him a son T~phios ; cf. Apollod. 2. 5, 2, Gruppe, Gried,. Mythol. I. p.478. a Poseidon; who is never called '1f'OVTOp,JoWJI in Homer, nor elsewhere in Hesiod. 3 The subject is the genealogy of Heraeles. , Cf. Irag. 99, vv. 16-17: The Taphians slew the bTothers of Alcmena" in fight for oxen." 6 Alcmena's brothers were slain by the Teleboans and rraphians; their death was avenged by Amphitryon, of. l'luf Shield 0/ Heraeles, vv. 14 sqq. • For the scanBion of. The Shield oj Htrrwles, v. 229. ,..]e K~} 'HAfiK'Tp6wVOJ, Edga.r . III 621 ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX Uncerlain Position. Uncertain Position. 1 Oxyrhynchus Papyri, X VII, 2075, fro 2.1 cent. A.D.) B' Ef..tKO(3[f..J¢ ap()lI I1]opBuwv , , [ €'YEwa TO 'Af.. ]KuBoov ]tTI)V quick-glancing . . ... and ••. Porthaon .• (2nd . . . bare . • • T€ • . Alcathous . . . •. Hippodamas . . . Pyl- • ••. of Oeneus . '17T7Tooa[/la- ., ]TaTO~ OE I1VA[ 2 , ] P, 0'tVEO~ Uncertain Position. Who reeked neither gods nor men. Uncertain Position. Oxyrhynchus Papyri, XVII, 2075, fr.3. (2ud cent. A.D.) Uncerlain Posilion. 8s "Y' O;)T' d6ctJl,hCdv olh' d",8pdl}7Twv aJ\lYfO'If[EV I (Slight remains of three more lines.) Tros, descendant of Teucer Uneeda in Position. Oxyrhynchus Papyri, VIII, 1087, lines 54 .qq., Schalia on Iliad VII. (1st cent. B.O.) Tb Tpwos ... op' 'HuI[ .alp, THE MARRIAGE OF CEYX 2 T.{,KPOV a~ Tpwos[ 6 Fatherless KH'fKO:$ rAMO:S 6 Oxyrhyuchu9 Papyri, VIII, 1087, lines 50 ••g•• Schalia on Iliad VII. (1st cent. B.C.) Tb ll.1r&:rC&lpos, lv9EJI EV T¥ K'hu[lC]os i'&~~ erpTl'ra.t 't. 1 The subject is Aetolian genealogy. • It is noticeable that the scholiast does not name Hesiod a9 author of KI,VKOS 'YaI'OS, although he twice mentions He9iod by name in the next fi ve lines. The ascription of the poem to Hesiod was conte9ted in antiquity; cf. Athen. II. 49B, Plutarch Mar. 730F; Powell in New Chapters in Greek Literature, Second Series, p. 197. &'1ra.TWPOt. 1 Cf. Apollod. 1. 7. 10 (first compared hy Mr. J. U. Powell), nop8&.ovos Be 1(,,1 Ebp6'T'I1S <'djs) 'X1t"7rOad,uaV'To.s f'Y~JlOJl'ro 1I"CtlB"H OIVEth, "A1pwS, 'AAK&'Ooor, etc. 622 I nui\[{W11 or TIvi\(fwtos in some form, Hunt: nUi\[&:wp K.6rte, Archiv fur Papyrus!orschung, x. pp. 20-1. • Restoration suggested by Hunt. -f ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX Uncertain Authenticity.! Uncertain A uthenticit!f. 11. 11. T.btuni. Papyri II, 271. ' , , av'T(l,p (2nd or 3rd cent. Now I am Poseidon, Shaker of the Earth. And thou shalt bear glorious children, for mighty are the embraces of immortal gods. Do thou tend and cherish them ... glorious children . . . dreadful are they ••• Thus he spake, and departed homeward • • • A.D.) , '] 'T [0 IfElfJ.' ' IT0(1'(;1]"uawJI £'JlO(TlX9wv."" [' , E')'W 't"",.' ' ] va, f:7rE ' I ov" ' a1rocpd{Alot • TE"'1:.. elS u al'l\Cta TE/C €vval a ' . Uti\!:,\]' ,. [ , , a'6ava'T~V Uf: TO US KOP-HIIl a7Tra AAEjJ.EVat TE a ] . tv d.-yAaa "'«va. T[ ] • 'fa PE'{J-EutTrrrol 'TE[AE8oucn' (Slight rema.ins of one line.) THE CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD2 &1 ~pa ¢WV/JlTCH ci,r](BlJ oItcov8e[ 7I'E(1'9«,1 And seeing him they improvised the following line:- (Slight remains of one more line,) THE CONTEST OF HOMER AND HESIOD TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, OF THE AMERICAN LVl, 1925, pp. 120 sqq. Ed. J. G. Winter (Michigan Papyri, 2754). (2nd or 3rd cent. 0' • " Ot• De opWVTe~ , •u ~, A.D,) , ,euxeotauav '.' ' . TOV ' aVTOV TOVo€ , 6"\ ~f",\ I {}' fI , , t..., X , \., "\ f f 1:" ",J.. , €V 'I1p€TO aVTOV~ 0 n A€'YOt€V. 01· De €,/-,auav €t"\' " 8'''' \, ~ I '/-' a"t€tav OtXOf.J-€Vot a'Ypevuat f.J-W OVOW, !€a8.ff.J-€vot O€ cf>8€tp[s€08at, TWV O€ cf>8etpwv ob~ I!Aa,1..' 1 Of. Korte, Ar.hi" j1lr Papy,'u,,!orschung v p 533' Ornsiu", Lit. Zentralbl., 1907, 1376; Schuba;t, 'Gott. Gel: An•. , 1905, IS9. • Restored by Korte from Odyssey xi. 251: or oap.aul XO.,. (Bacchyl. xvi. 19), if the. of ,pouIXOw. is impossible. (Hnnt prints ~[ .) • Restored by the first editors from Odyssey xi. 249-50. , Restored by Korte. • Restored by Korte: but Hunt prints ~ before ~/3~: Kal o]lI r/3n Orusins. • tA.Q,fjOJl D. ' oll" ¥;"'ct.f3oJl D. • Runt. 62 4 Being unable to understand what they said, he inquired of them their meaning. They replied that they had gone fishing, but had caught nothing; so they sat down and hunted for lice. The lice which fI UTtXOV ouu eA0f.J-€V /\,t7rof.J-€U ,O(J"u OVX eAof.J-€V 7 -l. ' {}" f ~\ 't" ,/-,€pof.J-€U a. 0 DE ov ovvaf.J-€VO~ GVP€£V TO AG{} ' " " All that we canght, we left; all that we did not catch, we bore away" 5 1 The subject is uncertain. 'rhe passage is in general similar to Odyssey xi. 249 ,qq. (about Tyro). For ~n example of a speech in the Catalogues, cf. frag. 14. S [13] sqq. ; frag. IS Rzach. • Op. pp. 594 sqq. This fragment is of peculiar interest. It was already Itllown that the Certamen in its present form was" work of the Antonine Age (v. T. W. Allen, Home'ri Opera, vol. v. p. IS6), and that it is a compilation from an earlier source (v. Petrie Papyri, p. 70, No. 'xxv, a slightly different version of pp. 572 supra, written in the third century B.D. ; ed. T. W. Allen, ibid., p. 225). This earlier Bource of our Oertamen was held to be the Museum of Alcidamas, since the lines «pxlIv '"'tv p.lJ ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX ADDITIONS TO APPENDIX 10 they caught they left there, and what they did not catch they carried away in their cloaks. Remembering the prophecy, that the end of his life was come, he made this epigram for himself;" Here godlike Homer lieth in the grave, Whose song adorned the prowess of the brave," Then he withdrew, but slipped in the mud; and falling on his side, they say, he met his end. On this theme, then, we shall endeavour to make our reputation; the more so, since we observe how greatly historians are admired; it is for the same reason that Homer has been honoured in life and death by all mankind. Let us then thank him thus for his playful entertainment; and as for his origin and the rest of his poetry, let us hand them down through the gift of accurate memory for the common possession of those Hellenes who aspire to be Lovers of the Beautiful. 'AA.ICt ]oaftaVTO~ I IT €pt"0 ft'7pov. 25 See 'Yinter, lac. cit.; Korte, Archiv fur Papyrusforschung, Chapter~ in Greek Literature, Second Series, pp. 37-1:1 (Powell), pp. 118-19 (Edwards). Restoration. by Winter unless otherwise stated. Alcidamas, On Homer. viii. 261 sq., New 1 2 KctTai\hrmEv n. o[vW noro. Winter, who says there is too much room for a 7i'a'\')}ov n. iva.'7rorp. , Page: 7rU[1]fTOf.,tEJI TI, a. mere slip after 7roJEtu8aJ. • ·OI'Wa, Winter: but the second letter in n is A not M, according to Korte (the present editor agrees, so far as olle can judge from "Vinter'. facsimile). 65,1Yo, Korte: but the A must be a mere slip. • Winter: .,.a6T~[sj Korte. 7 Page: a1Too(8o/[p,EJI &:)'&]V01' aO'Tov, Winter, which neither Korte nor the present editor can translate. Both the ",'s are very nncertain ! the above reading is consistent with the available spnee and vestiges, 80 far as one can judge from the facsimile. 8 Korte: ~i a'Y[XIO·.,.j,la, 'Vinter. ' Hunt. 626 That the Certamen in some form was extant long before Alcidamas (who lived in the 4th century D.O.) was held to be proved by Aristophanes, Peace 1282 sq. (cp. Meyer, Hermes, 1892, pp. 377 sqq.), and by other evidence (Allen, Hamel', pp. 19-27). And this is probable enough: but our fragment proves beyond an doubt that a work of Alcidamas did represent an important stage in the tradition. We cau now say with certainty that Alcidamas wrote a work entitled simply ",pI 'Ol'npOV, which was a source of at least the conclusion of our Certamen; and this does not involve denying that Alcidamas himself drew material from earlier sources. Our fragment was written by a careless hand on the back of a bill; linea 15-25 are entirely new to us. INDEX dan., da.ul!I. f. = father. n. = note. = daughter, daughten. •. = son. k.=ldng, Abantes (people of Euboea), 197 Abautis, island of - , renamed Euboea, 273 Acamas, 8. of Theseus, 623 ACft.ste, 105, 319 Acastua, k. of Iolens, plots the death of Pelens 185 Achaoa, 183, 265, 589 Achaeans, xxxii, xxxlli, 61, 195, 197 i in Crete, 276, 495, 507, 615, 519, 521, 523, 581, 593 AcheloUs (river in Aetolia), 106 Achilles, xx; shield of - , xxiv, xxvi, xxx; death of - , xxxi; contest for arms of -, xxxi, xxxii; quarrels with Agamem- non, xxxiii, xxxviii; s. of Peleus and Thetis, 163, 189; edu- cated by Chiron, lOu; wounds TelephuB, marries DeYdameia, heals Telephu8, 493 j quarrels with Agamemnon, desires to see Helen, receives Briseis as a prize, 495 i enraged with Agamemnon 603, 507; slain by Paris, arms of - awarded to Odysseus, 509; ghost of - appears to Neopto~ lemus, 511; reaches Scyros, 613, 519; Polyxen&. sacrificed to - , 523; ghost of - warns Agamemnoa and the Achaeans, 527 Acmon (one of the Cercopes), 539 Acria, 261 Acrias, 261 Acrisius, f. of Dana~, 109 Actaea, 97 Actor, 161 ~ f. of ProtesilaillJ, 195 w. = wife. Acusilails, 273; B. 01 Odysseus and Penelope. 633 Admete, 105, 310 Admetus, 213 n., 263, 265; I. of Augeias, 517 Adonis, 8. of .Phoenix, 171 Adrastus, xxix, 173, 217, 485 Rnd n. .Aaacus, 163 j and the Myrmidons, 185, 187; sons of - . 217 Aeetes, s. of Helios, f51; f. 01 MedeaL 163,263, 271, 579 Aega, I7t) Aegae, 327: Poseidon lord of 449 Aegaeon, B. of Earth and Sea, aida the Titans, 481 Aegeum, Mt., 115 Aegeus, f. of Theseus, 233 Aegimiu8, doubtful authorship of the - , xxv, xxix, 271, 273, 275 A.gina, 197, 263, 327J 593 Aegis, the - , 149, 201 AegiB~wear1ng, passim AegisthuB, xxxiii, 191; murders Agamemnon, 527 Aegle, wedded to TheseuZl, 207; & Hespel'id, 281 Aegyptu3, 167, 287 Aello (a Harpy), 99 Aellopus (a Harpy, = foregoing), 179 .Aeneas, B. of Anchises and Aphroa dite, 153; significance of name, 419 and n.; sails 'with PariSi 491 ; cattle of - driven off by Ac li1leB, 4:95; given as a prize to N eopto~ lemus, and other accounts of - I INDEX 619 &lid D.: withdraws trom Troy, 511 Acnos, Zeualord of, 179 Aeollans, their name for the blind, 569 Aeolian, epithet of Smyrna, 469 Aeolic raco, 'prung from Aeolus, xxIl AooIl8, :Ii1l, xlv t 49 Aeollsms In neslod, xlv Aeollus, 261 Aeolus, B. of Hellen, xxll, 157 Aepy 355 AepYtus, 209 A6rope, w. of Atreus, 203 A_gea 327 AeschyllJ;us of Pyrrha, f. of Lesche. the Cyclic poet, 517 Aeschylus, 203 Aesepus, 105 AesaD} Bon of - (Iason), 153, 163 ; mane young by Medea, 527 Aether, ~. of Night, 87; f. of Heaven, 481 Aethlopians, 43 n., 179 Aethiopi3 (a CycUo poem), contents of - , xxxi t by Arctlnus of Mlletus, 507, 009 A~thllus, 161 Aethr. (mother 01 Thesens), 523 Aethusa,571 Aetna, 141 D. Aetolla, 167 Africa, 43 D. Agamede. xxxvll; with Trophonlns bu!Jds temple of Apollo at Delphi, 345; story of - , 531 Agamemnon, quarrels with Achilles, death of - , xxxiii, 191; woos Helen for Menelatlsl..193, lQ5 n. j II. of PlomtheneB, ~03: offends Artemis, 493; quarrels with AcWlles 495.i receive. ChryseIs a& a prl ze io.; glves feast at Lemnos, 602 n. i daus. of - , 603, 519, 623; quarrels with Menelalis about return from Troy, 525; sail. from Troy L murdered by Aegl,thu., 527, 57'( Aganus, 8. of Paris by Helen 501 Agave, dau. of NereUl!, 07; dau. of Cadmus, 151 All" (personlft.d), 95 Ages, the Five - of the world, xvll AlIel.fuI, 217 63 0 Agenor, 1. of Phoenlx, 171, 617, fiU Agias of Troezen, author 01 the Returlll, xxxill, 625, (as Hegias) 527 Aglaea (one of the Graces), 145: wedded to nephae.tus, 149 AglaophoDu, (ono of the Siren.), 181 Agrlus, s. of OdYf!!S8U8 and CIrce, 163 Aiante. (the two), 585 Aias (8. of Telamon), contest with Odysseus, xxxi; madness 'of - , xxxU, 197, named after the eagle sent by Zeus, 257 and n.; rescueR the body of Achilles, dispntcs with Odysseus for arms of Achilles, ldlls himself, madness and death of - , 509 i' dispute with Ody.seus, burla of - , 513 Alas (s. of OUeus), offends Athena, 621; death of - , 627 Aldon.ns (Pluto), 145, 289, 296; gives Persephone pomegranate seed, 316 AldOs, xxvi, 17 and n. Alazygus, 189 Alcaeus of Messene, epigram of on Heslod, xvll Aloaeus, 215, 2.21 Alc.thoU., 261 Alcld.mas (tho Sophist), xli; Museum of - , 589 Alcldes, 227 AlclnoU., 183 Alcmaon, s. of Amphiarafls, 217 Alomene, xxiv; mother of Heraolel!l 117, 149, 219; follow. Amph!tryon to Thebes, 221, 253, 257, 439 Alcyone (one of the Pleiades), 67, 189 Alexandrine, Alexandrian, - critic· 1sm and HeslocUo poems, xU: age, xxviU; colleotion of Homeric Hymns possibly formed in period, xxxiv Alexandru. (ParI.) decide. the contest of beauty between the goddesses, sails to Sparta, CArries off Helen, 491; son of - by Helen, 501; slays Aohilles, 609 ~ killed by Phlloctete., 511 Allen (T. W.) and SIkes, xxxiv, xxxv n., xxxviU, xxxix Alo~u., 167 INDEX A!oladae, 151 Alpheul, 101, 118, 219, 287, 355, 371,372 D., 875 393 Alphesiboea, w. 01 Phoenix, 171 Alte, (Homer), 569 Althaea (mother of Meleager), 183, 216 217 and n. Alu. dn Aetolia), 159 Alyous, slain by Theseus, 601 Amarynoes, 183 Amazon, 507, 509 Amphiaratis, xxix; !!Ions of - , 193 j story of -,217 and n., 219, 267 ; Ezpedilion oj - to 7'hebes attrlbuted'kl Homer, 533 Amp,Wdamas, funeral games of - , Xlii, xvi, 51, 617.571 Amphidoous, s, of OrohoIDElTIu8, 283 Amphilochus, 8. of Amphiarau8, 267; slain by Apollo, 271 Amphimaohus, 219 Amphion, sons of - , 173; builds walls of Thebes; 215 Amphiphanes, murderer of Hesiod, xvi, 587 Amphirho, 105 Amphitrite, 97,99 ; present at birth of Apollo, 331 Amphltryon, 103, 221, 223, 225, 231, 249, 251, 263 Ampyoe, 233 Amyrua,211 Amythaon, 163; t. of MeJll.mpuI, 169; Bons of - , 277 Anaurus, 253 Anaxibia., sister ot Agamemnon, 208 Anohises, xxxviii; 1. of AeneM, 153; loved by Aphrodite, 411,413, 415, 417,419,421 n., 619 Androgeos (Eurygyes), B. of Minos, 205 Andromaohe, xxvi, 505; given as a prize to Neoptolemus, 519, 523 Antiloohus, slain by Memnon, xxx, 607; burial of - , 609 Antioohe, w. of Eurytus, 635 Antiope, 207, 215; loves Theseus, 527 Antiphu., 689 AntimaohuB, Thebail of - , 487 n. Antimachus (ot Teas), reputed author of the Epigoni, xxix Anthe, 253 Authea, 247 Anthemo~s3a. (island ofthc Sirens.) 181 Antron, 323 Apenes,671 Apharem.. 603 Aphetae (in Magno.I.), 255 Aphidna (in Attica), Baokod by the Diosouri, 501 Aphidnus, k. of Ap'hldna, 501 Aphrodlte, XXX\'lU, 7, 41, 79; derivation of her name, 93, 139. 151; carries off Phaethon. 153, 165, 163, 167 n.; lays C11Tse on daus. of Tyndareus, 191, IDS, 221, 223, 259, 297, 339, 407-427 pa6sim; adorned by the liours, 427 ; queen of Salamis and Cyprus, 435; rivalry with Hera and Athena, urges Paris to go to SI?arta, 491, 495, 499, 577, And pa88tm Apollo, xv and n., xxxvi; born on a seventh day, 69, 79; patron of minstrels, 85; protector of youth, 105 i B. of Zeus and Leto, 145; f. of Ascleplus, 189; slays the Cyclopes, 191: as prophet, 201 n.; build. wall. of Troy with Po.eldon, 209, 211 n., 213 and n.; slays Meleager, 217; called Pagasaean, 225, 227; pl.ys the lyre amid the gods, 235, 253; f. of Chaeron, 259, 261, 271, 275; Hymns to, 281, 325, 329; o;laims the lyre, the bow, and prophetio arts as prerogative., 333, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 345; kills the shedragon at Delphi punishes Telphma, why called Pythian, 351 j guide. Cretan. to Delphi to be his ministers, 353, 363, 365, 371 ; seeks cattle stolen by Hermes, 877, 385; pleads aga.inst Hermes before Zeus,. 389-391; tries to bind Hermes, 393, 395; reoeives the lyre from Hermes, 399; gives staff of riohes to Hermes, 401, 405; seeks to wed Hestia, 409, 417, 429, 435, 441; temple of - at Pytho, 449; patron of minstrels, 451, 4531 489, 607; aids Paris In .1.YIDg Achille., 509; separates Athena and Ares, 531, 539, 671; dedication to bl Homer, 6iH; Homerio Hymn INDEX to - reclted at DeJoI, 695, and passim Apollodorml, 169 Apollonlus (01 Rhodes) on the Di,,;nation by Bird&, xlxt.-.65, 179, 181 ; 0' on the Shield 1111acl.. , 207, 859 n. Arabus, 167 Arcadia, 69; Pelasgians in, 176; Hermes lord of, 363, 441, 445 Arc!L~J 8. of Callisto and Zeus, 69 ArcllllochuB, xl :.A.rctlnu8 (of Miletus), possible author oi the Tilanomachy, xxix ; author of the Aethiopis and Sack 0/ Ilium, xxxi, xxxii, 481, 607, 521,613,525 Arcturus. rising of -.45,40 Arctu8,223 Ardescus, 105 Areion, the horsB of Haracles, 229; the horse of Adrastu8, 485 and n. Areltholls, 173 Arena,355 . Ares, 13; 8. of Zeus and Hera, 147, 149, 183, 205, 207, 216, 219, 225, 227, 233, 243, 245, 249, 251 j wounded by Heracles, 253, 339, 407; course of - through the heavens, 433,471,499,507; f. 01 Pentheslleia 60u, 511 j routs the army of Odysseus, repelled by Athena, 631, 561, 659, 661, 58. Arestor, 261 Arete, w. of AlcmoUa, 183 Argea, Argela, daD. of Adrastus, 173,217 Arges, Olle of the Cyclopes, 89 Argive, Argive'S, 193, 197, 199, 257, 487, 593 Argo, 181, 255 Argonauts, xxiii, 175, 18.! Argos, 167, 169, 193; (a. of Zeus), 257, 259; (s. of Phrlxus), 263, 486, 493, 691; visit of Homer to - , 593; decrees honours to Homer, 595 Argus, watcher of 10, 278; slain by Hermes, 275 Argus, Slayer of - (Hermes), 313, 315, 339, 369, 385, 391, 393, 416, 421, 425. 441; associated with Hestia, 456 63 2 Argyphaea 866 ArIadne (dan. of Minos), wedded by DIonysus, 149; deserted by Theseus, 207, 493; feast of -) 589 Arima, dwell1ng~place of EchIdna., 101 Arlmi, the, 141 n. Aristaeus, 151; 8. of Apollo and Cyrena, 203 Aristas, 259 Arlstarchus, 161 Aristomachu8, 261 Aristophanes (of Byzantium), 75 Aristotle, on the Little Iliad, xxxii; on the burlesque Homeric poeDll, xl Arnae,173 Arne, 247, 253 Arsinoe, 189 Artemis, xxxviii, 69, 71, 79; dau. of Zeus and Leto, 145, 205; com.. panion of Persephone! 319 ; born in Ortygia, 325; nymned at Delos, 337, 339; unsubdued by Aphrodite 407 413, 415; drives to meet Apoilo at Claros, 435 i as huntress, 453 i delays sailing of Greek host to Troy, 493; transports Iphigenela to the land of the Taurl, 495, 505, 607, 577; temple of - at Delos, 1\95 Artemisia, queen of Hallcarnasslls, xli 537 ABboius (a Centaur), 233 Asclepiades, 189 Asclepius, B. of Apollo and ArBlno~, 189; slain by Zeus, 213; healer of sickness, 441 Ascra (in Boeotia)1 xUl, xiv ; Hesiod burled at - , XVI; Hesiod's father settle! at - , 61, 567, 689 Asia (dan. 01 Tethys), 105 Asine (in Laconia), 197, 693 Aspledon, s. of Orchomenus, 283 Asteria, dau. of Phoebe and Coeus, 109 Asterion, k. of the Cretans 171 Asterope, one of the Pleiades, 67 Astraeus, 8. of Crius and Eurybla, 107 Astronomy, the (or A8tt'oloUV), contents of - , xix. 67 Astyanax, I. of Hector, killed b7 INDEX Neoptolomus, 519; killed by Odysseus, 523; death of - , 623 Astynoiis, 517 Atalanta, dau. of Schoeneus, 163; race of with Hippomenes, xxiii, 160, 107 Athamas, 157, 271 n., 281 Athena, xxxviii, xl; decks Pandora, 7, 35, 79, 103; decks Pan.. dora, 121; dau. of Metis, 143/' born of Metis thrQugh head 0 Zeus, 147, 149; instructs Eurynome, 159. 1611, 163, 167, 229, 24-3, 251, 253; irth of - , 347, 407, 413; 8S war·goddess, 437; teaches men handicrafts, 447, 463; birth 01-, 455, 473; rivalry with Hera Ilnd Apnrodlte, 491, 497, 499; aids Odysseus to win the arms of Achilles, 509, 611, 613, 521; plans to destroy the Greeks, 523 ; causes quarrel between Agamemnon and Mene~ laUs, 525; fights with Ares, 531, 565, 585, Athenaeu8, on authorship of the Aeqimiu8, xxv, xxix Athens, 195; contest In memory of Eurygyes at - , 205, 327, 429 n.; Medea flees from Corinth to - , 535; sacked by the Dioscurl, 601; visited by Homer, 591, 593 Athos, 827 Atlas, f. of the PleiD,des, 67; 8. of Iapetus, 115; upholds Heaven, 117,133 n., 149, 441 Atreldae, 529 Atreus, 199; grandfather of Aga .. memnon and MenelaUs, 203 ; sons of - , 277, 629 n., 679, 581 Atropos, 95 and n., 145; chiel of the Fate" 239 Attic, XXXVI Attica, 501 Augeas, 631 Aulls, gathering-place of the Achaean host against Troy, 61. 493 Autocane, 327 AlltolycUB, powers of thieving ot-, 209 Autono~, da.u. of CadmuI, 09, 151 Anon, 517 Az.n, dau. of - . Sal' Baochle (a tlt1e of Dionysus), "7 Bacchylides, 171, 217 n., 281 Badness, the way to - , 25 Battle of the Frogs and Mice (Batrachomyomachia), author.. srJp of the - , xli, 537, 543 Battles, offspring of Strife, 97 Battus, story of - , 263, 265, 267 and n. Bear~warden, the - , 69 Beetle (agricultural implement), 35 Beety (a Frog) 557 Bellerophon, slays Chimaera, 103; s. of Poseidon, slays Chimaera, 159 Belus, f. of Thronia, 167 Bia (Force), child of Styx, 107 BibIis, wine of - , 47 Blackbottom (Herac1es), 539 Blame, child of Night, 95 Doeblan Lake, the - , 211 Boeotia! Boeotians, new form of Epic n - , X, xiv, 173, 175, 215, 221, 265 281, 487 n. Boeotian School, origin of - , xi, xii; poems of - , xii, xxv Boneless One, the - (octopus), 41 BoBtes, the Bear-warden, 80. Areas, s. of Callisto, 69 Boreas, xxvii, 41, 43; B. of Astraeu8. 107, 143; 80ns of - , 179 and n., 203 Bread-nibbler (a Mou,e), 045, 549 557, 559 Bread-stealer (a Mouse), 661 Brewer (a Frog), 557 Briareos, B. of Heaven, 89 ; (Obrlfl.reus), 125, 131; weds Cymopolea, 139 BriseIs, the prize of Achilles, '95 Brontes, one of the Cyclopes, 89 Bronze, usc of - in the Third AgfJ of the World, 13; invented by the ldaean Dactyls, 77 Brygl, war of the - with Thesprotlans, 531 nutes, 205, 259 Byzantine lnterpolatioD1!l, xll Cabbage-climber (a Frog), 559 Cabbage~eater (a Frog), 557 Cadmeaus (TheiJans), destroyod by Sphinx, 103, 219, 489 Cadmu., land of - (Thebes), 1150: INDEX weds HarmonIa, 149; daus. of-, 151; men of - , 221, 269, 433, .(86; descendants of - . 489 CaeneuB, 231 Calcu. (river in Mysla), 105 Calats, B. of Boreas, 179 n. Calehas, death of -,267 and n. j at Aulls, 493 and n.: at Colopnon, 527 Callichorus, a spring near Eleusls, 309 Callidice, 297; eldest dau. of Celeua, 299; queen of the Thea- protians, marries Odysseus, 631 CallimachuB, epigram of - on the Taking of Oechalia 633 Calliope, chief of the Muses, inspirer of eloquence, 85, 459, 569, 571 Call1rho~, 101, 105; wedaed by Chrys8or, 151, 319 Call1tho~, 297 Callisto, dau. of Lycaon, 09, 71, 677 Calyee, 161 Calydon, boar of -,215,217 and n. Calypso, 105, 163: loves Odysseus, 166,819; Bon of - by Odysseus, 533 Camilla, 211 n. Capaneus, slain by Zeul, 661, 593 Capetus, 261 Capherides Rocks, storm at - , 627 Carpathos, 327 Cassandra, 491; violated by Alas, 521 Cassiopea, 171 Castor, 191, 193, 196 441; tamer of horses, 461; _81a1n by Idas, 491; of mortal nature, 499; wounded by Aphlduu., 501, 503 Oatalouuu oj Women, appended to the Theogony, xxi; contents and nature of - , xxll; Interpolated episodes in - , xxlll; ending: of -, xxiv Cebrenians, 471 Cedallon KUldes Orion when bllnded 71 Celaeno (one 01 the Plelades), 67 Celaenus, 219 Celeus, lord of Eleusis, 295; s. of Eleusis, daus. of -1297,299,301, 305; buUds a temp e for D~meter, 311; instructed by Demeter 1ri her mysteries, 823 Colmill (an Id ..an Dactyl), 77 634 Cenaeum, au Celltaur, Centaurs, xx, 185; battle of - with Lapithae, 233, 381; slain by Heracles, 553 Cephalu8, husband of Eos, 153; s. of Delon, an Athonian, 489 Cephisus, 173, 341 Cephisian Lake, 345 Ceramlous the - at Athens, 205 Cerberus, the hound 01 Hades, 101, 103, 135 Cereeis, 105 Carcopee, the tWI.) - , xl, 539 and n. Cercops of Miletus" possible author of the Lieg-imiu8, xxv, 275 Ceto, 97,99, 103 Ceyx, k. of Traehis, xxiv, 245; buries Cyenus, 253 ; the .lJ.larriage 0/-,255 ChaeroD, s. of Apollo and Thero, 259 Chaos, flrst of all beings, 87, 131, 139 Chaleis (in Euboea), xiii xv; wnr between - and EretrlR, xvi, 51, 271; (in Peloponnesus), 355; contest of Homer and Hesiod at - , 571, 673, 587 Chalcidians, xvi, 573 Chalcodon, 197, 261 Chariclo, w. of ChlroD, 483 Charites (Graces), daus. of Zeul, names of - , 145 Char, a gnome, the plague of potters, 473 Cheese-carverl (a Mouse) 551 Chians, xxxvIi; claim Homer for theii countryman, 567 Chimaera, slain by BellerophoD, 103, 159 351 Chios, sacrIfice In honour of Homel: sent from Argos to -, 595; the blind poet of - , 337 ClUron (the Uentaur), Precepts oJ-, xv, xx, 72; educates Medeus, 153; educates Iason, 163; educa.tes Achilles, 199, 475 ~ s. of Cronos by PhUyra, 485; gives Peleus a spear-shaft, 497 ChryseIs,.dau. of Oc!,an and Tethys, 105, 319: the prIze of Agamem.. non, 495, 505 Chrysaor (Golden-Sword), 101: 1 of Geryones, 151 Cl1Icla, 141 II. INDEX Cinaethon, author of the StOT¥ 0/ Oedipu.s, 483 Circe, xxxiii; dau. of Relios, 151, 153, 181, 475; marries Telemachus, 531 Circu.it oj the Earth (a Hesiodic poem), xxiii, 179 Cirrha, 175 maros, Caichas dies at - , 267, 327 the seat of Apollo, 435 Cleisidice, 297 Cleeia (one of the Hyades), 69 Oleio (one of the Muses), 83 Cleobulus of Lindus, author of the " Homeric ,. epigram all Mida.s, xl Cleodaeus, 277 Oleanthes, 567 Oleolla, mother of Agamemnon and Menelails, 203 Olotho (one of the Fates), 95 and n., 145, 239 Olymene, 105; dau. of Ocean weds Iapetus. 117; da.u. ot MIDyas, 209 Clymenus, B. of Deneu!, 217; •• of Orchomenu8, 283 Clytaemnestra, false to Agamemnon, 191; aids Aegisthu8 to murder A"amemnoD, 527 Clytie, 105 Clytlus, 207 Coldo., 327 ' Cnos3us (In Crete), 353, 859 Co~U8, s. of Heaven, 80; wedi Phoebe, 109, 320 Colehis, 271 n., 579 Colophon, 267 n.; destruction of-, 489; Teiresias buried at -, 527, 537 ' Colophonian, the - author of the Return., 520; claim to Homer, 667 Communion by ritual-draught In Eleusinian mysteries, 303 and n. Contut 0/ Homer ana H esiod, composite nature of -, main CODtents of - , :rlI, xll1; value of - , xli! Continental ,9rooco\ Eplo poetq in - , x, xui, xxx v CorinthuB, Isthmns of - , xvi, 197, 265; Medea kille Creon at - , 535 j visit of Homer to - , 503 Coron!a(olll 01 the Hyade'),6U,lSU, 211.; dl'l-l1. ot PhlegYflI, wed. bdIY!J, 2l3; benr:6 AscleplUI to Apollo, 44:1 Coryeus, 327 Coryphasium (Pylos). Hermea htdcm Apollo'. cattle at - , 265 Cos, 327 Cottus, s. of Heaven, 89; bound by Cronos, released by Zeus, 125, 127,131; lives in Tartarus, 133, 139 Crato. (Strength), 107 Crane, the, 87 Creon, k. 01 Thebes, 2251 f. 01 Ha.emon, 483, k. of uorlnth, poisoned by Medea, 535 Creophylu8 (of Samoa), reputed D,uthor of the Taking oj QlChalia, 533, 535, 595 Cretans, xxxvi; ministers at Apollo at Delphi, 363, 367; paeansingers, 361 Crete,71,77,l15,151,171,197,275, 297,327,357,491,547,589 Cretheis, mother of Homer. 667, 569 CrotheDa, I!I. of Aeolus, 157,163 Crinacu8, I!I. ot Zeus, 183 Crisa, 343, 346, 355, 357 Crisaea.ns, 367 Criua, B. ot Heaven, Sg: weds Eurybla, 107 CroakersoD (8 Frog), 55g Croiset. MM., xv. xxx, xl Crow, life of the - . 76 Cronins, 261 Cronos, story ot -, xxi; reigns in the Golden Age, 11; rules over the departed heroes, 15, 79; overcome by Zeus, 83; 8. of Earth and Heaven, S9 i plots against Hea.ven, 91 j mutilates his father, 93, 109; swallows his children, 1] 3; Iwallows s stone in place of Zeus, vomits up his children, 115 j confines Brlareus, Cottus, and Gye., 125, 127,141, 349, 407 and n.; a8U. of - (Restis). '57 ; f. of Chlron by Phllyr., '88 Cronos, son of - . pas.im Crotalus, 261 Crumb ..snatcher (a Mouse), '5' ft. Crun!, 355 Crudebake, a illome harmful to pattere, 473 635 ,I INDEX Cteslppu!'5, 217 Ctimenul:i, 589 Cuckoo, the - , 89 Curetes, 277 CyanuB, 231 n. Cybele, mother of the gods, 4S0 Cychreus, the snake of - , 20-7 Cycle, the Epic - , meaning 01 the term, xxix CycUe poets, date of the - , xxvi . characteristio 01, xxxi, 501, 615, 523 Cyclopes, the names of - , S9 j kUled by Apollo, 191, 213 n.; BOllS of Earth and Heaven, 481 Crenus, 8. of Ares, killed by Heracles, xxiv, 225-253 passim i 8. of Poseidon, slain by Achilles, 495 Cyllene (in Arcadia), 67; Hermes lord of - , 363, 376, 387, 441 Cyllenian (Hermes), 385, 387, 391, 393, 441 Cyrnatolege, 99 Cyme (in AeoUs) xli; home of Heslod's father, 49, 467, 469 and n. Cyrno, 99 C~opolea, dau. of Poseidon, w. of Bria.reuB, 139 Cymotho~, 97 CynaethuB of Chlos, reputed author of the Dellan part of the Humn to Apollo, xxxvii Cynthus, a blll in Delos, 325, 327, 835 Ovpri'!, doubtful authorBWp 01 - , xxxh; contents of - , xxxii, xxxlil,185,,_201; first poem in the Trojan vycle composed by Stasinu8, 489; ~van by Homer to stasinus as a dowry, Hegesias possible author of - , 497, 603, 605, 507 Cyprian, the (Aphrodite). 273, 407 Cyprian Histories (the Ovpria) CyprogeneB (A.I'hrodite, the .. Cyprian-born ), 93 Cyprus, 77, 93, 411, 427, 431; birtbplace 01 Aphrodlte, 435; Helen in - , 501, 569 CyrEmaean, 633 Cyrena, xxxiii, 213, 631 CyrnuB, the comrade of Theof{fils, xv Cythera.93 Cytherea. (A phrodlte), 93, 140, 163, 407,419,427435 Cytisorus, s. of iJhrlxuB, 26~ Dactyls, the Idaean, 77 Daemon, 5tiQ DamnameneufJ (an Idaean DactylI 77 109, 235, 237 DanaI, 219, 511, 519 Danalis 167 Dardanla (Ianli of Troy), 511 Dark-haired One (Poseidon), 00 Darkness of Death, 239 Dardauus, s. of - , (Anchises), 419; Palladium given to- by Zeus. 523 DaH{lhters of Lwcippus (a Hesfodic poem), xxiii, 191 Day, dan. of Night, 87; journeyings of - , 133 Day-sleeper, the - (the burglar), 47 Dawn (see also Eos), 49, 113, 387 Death, seizes the Brazen Race, 13~ 95; the brother 01 Sleep, 135 Deceit, 95 Detaneira, and the polsoned robe, 217 Deldameia.~ dau. of Lycomedes, 493 Deton, 20~; an Athenian, 489 DeIphobus!. .. marries Helen, 611; slain by menelaUs, 621 Delas, the inventor of bronzesmelting, 77 Delians, 595 Delian Hvmn to ApolkJ, festival, choirS, xxxvi, 335 f. Delphi, xvi, xxxvi, xxxvil: tempI! of Apollo at - , 453, 489, 617 n., 571, 587, 591 Delphians, anoint the stone Iwal· lowed by Cronos 116 Deipbinlus (title of Apollo), 353 n., 350 Delos, xv, xxxvi-l.,. xxxvU; contest of Homer and .tlesiod at -,281 ; Apollo born at - , 325, 327, 329/ 331, 333; the special delight CI Apolio, girl·choirs at -Jl35, 337 ; Homer recites the .tlymn to Apollo on the Altar of Horns at -,595 Demeter, 8tory of - and Persephone, xxxv, 6, 25) 31, 47, 63; wedded to Zeus, 140; wedded to .Jana~, INDEX bsion, 151; receives the snake of CychreuH at EleUf\iSi 207. 231, 289; seeks Pers('.p IOlle, 203; wroth with Zeus, 295 j received by Metanelra at Eleusis, drinks the ritual potion, 303 i nurses Demophoon, 305; places Demophoon in the tIre, 307; resumes her shape, 309; temple of - at J1Jleusis, 311; causes a famine, 311; refu!';eB to obey the sum· mons of Zeus, 313, 315 j meets Persephone, 317, 321; allows the 1ruits of the earth to grow ngain, instructs the Elemilnians in her mysteries, 323; bears the horse Areion to Poseidon, 485 n. Demo, 297 Democritus (of Troezen), 569 Demodes, 589 Demodoce, 171 Demodoeus, Lay of - , contrasted with the Hymn to Aphrodite, xxxviii Demophon, 8. of Theseus, 519, 523 Demophoon, 9. of Celeua, nursed by Demeter, 305, 307 Deo (Demeter), 293, 303, 325 Descent oj Theseu8 into Hadel, B Hesiodic poem, xxlll Desire (HimerulI), 83, 93 Deat,inies, 95 Deucalion, nil; 8. ot Prometheul, 155,167; s. 01 Minos. 197,209 Dias, f. of Cleolla, 203 Dietys, 8. of Magnes, 157 Oldaeon, II. 01 Eurytus, 207 Didymus, 635 Dike (Justice), 145 Diocles, Dioclu8, B prince of EleuslA, 2\19,323 Diodorus SteuIuB, mention! a collec· tion of Hymns xxxiv Diomedes, xxxii, 505; bring-a Philoctetes from Lemnoa, aids Odysseus to steal the Palladiulll, 511' returns home from 'froy, 621,; followers of - , 593 nionl'l, 79 j dau. 01 Tethys, 105; pr~sent at birth 01 Apollo, 331 DloDvlJiao element at Eleusis. xxxvi Dionysus, xxxvlll, 40; 8. of Zeus anti Semele, 149; weds Aria.dne. 14Q; dtes of - , 16~, 211; &iveJ grapes to men, 249; blrthplaee of - , 287 and n.; adventure of with pirates, 429--433 ; Baechtcl 447; reared and !~CCOlll· panied oy Nymphs, 451 Dioscuri, 161; Bac1{ Athens, 601 Disputes, offspring of StrifE', 97 Dil'ination bV Birds, the - , attached to the Works and Days, rejected by ApolloniuB Rhodius, probable purpose of --, xix, 65 Dius, supposed f. of Reslod and Perses, xiii, 571, 581 .Dodonn. oracle at - , 215; the oak· grove· at - , 279 Dogs, treatment of - , 47; taming of - , 61, 471 DOlichus, a princ.e of Eleusis, 290 Doom, 8. of Night, 95 Doria.n mce ~prun!it from Doru:!, xxil Doriana in Crete, 275 DOl'is, w. 01 Nereus, 97: (\8011. of N ereus, ib.; dau. of '1'ethYI and Ocean, 105 Dorns, B. of Hellen, xxU, 157 DoUan plain, 441 Dotium,211 Doto,97 Doso, assumod Dame ot Demeter, 297 Dread, attendant of Ares, 253 Dreams, offspring of Night, 95 Dres, 571 Dryalus (a Centanr), 233 Dryas (a LapiUt), 231 Dryops, 445 Dulichinm, 355 Dyme, 355 Dynamene. 97 Earth, xxi, xxix; causes dcnth i f Orion, 71 j source of the ltace 01 Silver, 75, t9, 81, 87; second 01 the three primeval betngs, 8'7 n-nd n.; plots against Heft\'en, 01; mates with Sea, 97, 109, 113; receivea, Zeus from Rhea, 115; keeps thunder and lit'htnlng hidden, 117, 127, 131 j gives birth to Typhoem~, 139; llronrpta the gods to make Zeus their king, 143, 321, 349, 351; the Mother of All, who enrlcbes men, -4-57, INDEX -4:71; union ot - with Heaven, 481, 501 'Earth-holder (Poseidon), 79, .269, 377 Earth-shaker (PoseIdon), 53, 79, 111; 8. of Rhea and Cronos, 113 149 227, 259, 449; give. gifts 01 hea j lng to Illachaon and Podaleiriu8, 525 Echemus, k. of Arcadia, deserted by his wife Tlmandra, 191 Echidna, dwellinll: of - , mother of Orthus and Cerberus, 101 ; mother of the Lernaean HYdra. 103 Eohlnad.s Islands (oft coast of Acarnania), 179 Echo, U5 Egypt 431; MenelaUs ln, 627 Egypilan., 43 n. i mode of threshing amongst tne 'modern -, 63 n.; cosmology of the ancient - , 93 n.,669 Etlelthyia, dau. of Zeus and Hera 147, 331; asststs at birth 0 l Apollo, 333 Elon, 617 Elone, dau. of NeIeuB, gg ErODeS, 693 Eirena (Peace), 146 Elreslae, 327 ElarB, mother of TltyoB by Zeus, 173 Elatus, one of the Lapitha.e, 1. of Ischys, 213; s. of - (lschys), S39 Electra, one of the PleiadesI 67: dau. of Ocean, mother 0 Iris and the Harpie.ll by Thaumas,. 99; a riverpllymph, dan. at Tethys and Ocean, 106, 319 Electryon, 217 n., 219; dan. ot (Alcmena), 221, 227 E!ephenor, of Enboea, wooa Helen, 197 Eleusu, xxxv; snake of Cychreua at - , 207; f. of Celeua, 297, 311, 326 Eleustn1a.n, Eleuslnbms, xxxv, xxxvi; war amongst the - , 309 ; - mysteries, 303 and D., 323 Eleuther, hills of - , the domain of Mnemosyne, 83 Ells, 261, 365, 631 EmathioD. L of EOl and TlthODUI, 163 Emulation, one of the two Strifel, xviii EnceladuB. 8. of Tartarus and Earth, overthrown by Zeus, 661 Endymion, 8. of Zeus and Calyce, 161; cast out from Heaven into Hades, 261 Enienae, 341 Eniocha, w. at Creon k. of Thebes, 225 Envy, the curse of the Iron Age. 17 Enyo, ODe of the Graiae, 99 Eoiae, the - , part of the Catalogue, 01 Women, xxii; meaning of the tltle, xxill, xxiv Eoa (Dawn), 79; dau. of Bypadon, 107; bears Memnon to Tithonus, Ph.ethon to Cephalus, 153, 377 ; story of - and Tithonus, 421423 ; dan. of Hyperion and Eurypha~8Sa, 459; obtains immortality for Memnon , 507 Eosphorus (tho Mommll Star), 107 Epei, Epela.ns, 183; rulera of Ells, 353 Epeius, builds the Wooden Horse, 611 Ephorus on the Pelasgi, 175 Epic, the early Greek - , three periods of - , ix, xi; - Cycle, the beginning of the, 481. 489 Epicasta (otherwise Polycasta), dau. of Nestor, mother of Homer, 569 Epldaurua, 197 i I. of ArKos, 257, 593 Epigoni (I) a poem of tho Epic Cycle xxix; attributed to Romer, 487; composition of, 591 (Ii) .. Tho After-born," send fi1"1!t· fruits of the spoils rom Thebes to Delphi, 489 Epimetheus, receives Pandora. from Zeus, 9; B. of Iapetus and Clymene, how ho did mlachlof to men, 117 Epiphrades, 571 . Epithalamium of Peleus and Thelll, a Hesiodic poem, xxil1 Epopeus, story of - , told by Nestor, 493 Erato, one of the MuseB, 83, 97 Eratosthenes, the Hel'iod of -,589 Erobua. .. 01. Chao.. 87: (ao a INDEX region) Menoethm cast down to-, 117,127,313.31. Erechtbeus, f. of Sieyon, 205 Eretria, war between - and Chalcll for the Lelantine plain, xvi Ereutheus, rival of Apollo, 339 Erginus, sons of - (Trophonlu8 and Agamedes), 345 Eriboea, w. of Telamon, 267 n. Eridanus, s. of Tethys and Ocean, 103,643 Erigeneia (Eos, the .. Early~born "), 107 . Erlnyes (the Furie.>, assIst at b4"th of Horcus (Oath), 63; sprmg from the blood of Heaven, 93 j El'inys, see Fury EriopiS, dau. of Apollo and Arsino~, 189 Eriphyle, w. of Amphiaraiis, 217 n. Eris (Strife), mother of Horeus (Oath), 63 Eros (Love), one of the three primeval beings. xxi 87, 95 Erythea, one of the Hesperides, 101 161, 281 Eteocies, B. of Oedipus, xxix, 269 Eteoclus, B. of Cepbisus, 173 Ethiopia, 215 Ethiopians, 153 Etruscans, 429 n. Euaechme, 259 Euaemon, 519 Euagore,99 Euanthes, 211 Euame,99 Euboea., xiii, xxv, 61, 731.197, 271, 273 and n., 327, 341, 6J1 Eucles, 571 Eucrante, 97 Eudora, one of the Hyades, 69; dau. of Nereus, 97; dau. of Ocean, 105 Euenus.105 Eugaeon, 569 Eugammon, of Cyrene, author of the Telegony, xxxiii, 531 Eugnatho, 669 Eullmene, 97 Eumelus, of Corinth, reputed author of the Titanornachll, nix,481 Eumolpus, a prince 01 Eleusia, xxxvi, 2Q9, 32a EuDioo, 97 Eunomia (Order), 145 s. of Apollo and Meclo· njce, 259, 671 Euphrosyne, one of the Graces, 101 Eupompe,97 Euripides, 205 D., 813 n. Euripus, 341 Europa, carried off by Zeus, 105, 171,647 Europe, 343, 345 Euryale, dau. of Minos, mother of Orion, 71; one of the Gorgolls, 99 Buryalus, 261 Euryanassa. 219 Eurybia, dau. of Sea and Earth, 97 ; weds Crins, 107 Eurybius, s. of Electryon, slain by the Tapilians, 219 Eurycles the Seer, sacrifices Ct!· menus and Antiphus the murderers of Hesiod, 589 Eurvdice, dau. of LacedemoD, 169 Euryganeia, first wife of Oedipus, 483 Eurygyes (AndroKeos), I. of Minos, 205 Eurylochu8 And the snake of CychreuB, 207 EurYmachus, 261 EurYllome, 105; mother of the Graces, 145; dau. of Nisus, 159 Eurynomus, a daemon in Hades, 529 Euryphaessa, W. of Hyperion, 469 Eurypylus, s. of Telephus, aids the Troj,tns, slain by Neoptolemus, 511; slays Machaon, 515, 619; a leader of the Argives, 593 Eurystheus, 227; imposes labours on lleracles. 439 Eurytion, herdsman of Geryones, 101 Eurytus, e. of Stra.tollica, 207, 533 k. of Oechalia, 535 Evil One, the - , 291 n. Exadlus, one of the Lapithae, 233 Euphemm~. Fable. the - of the Hawk and the Nightingale, xviii, 19 Fallow-land, 37 Famine, 97 Far-Shooter, the - (Apollo), 335, 343, 379, 381, 895, 401, 435, 449 639 INDEX Far-worker, the - (Apollo), 887, 397 Fate, chUd of Night 95,231 Fates, g; names of the - (Destlnies), 95 and n., 145, 237; names of the - , 239, 257 Fear, 149, 231, 233, 237 Felloe, the making of a - 36 Fightings, offspring of Strffe, 97 Fire, hidden by Zeus, stolen for men _by Prometheus, 7, 121: invented by Hermes 371 Fixe~sticks, invented by Hermes, 371 Flight, 231, 233 Forgetfulness, chlld of Strife, 07 Friendship, child of Night, 95 Frogs, 543-563 passim Fury (Erinys), hears the curses of Oedipus on his sons, 485 GalaxauraJ dau. of Tethys and Ocean, 105, 319 Galatea, dau. of N ereus, 07 Galena, dau. of Nereus, 97 Ganyctor, (i) 8. of Amphidamas, 571; (II) s. of Phegeu., murderer of HeslOd, xvi, 687, 68v Ganymedes, ~carried off to be the cup~bearer of Zeus, 421, 616 Geb, the Egyp~ian counterllart of Earth, 03 n. Gelding, the right 8eason for - , 61 Gerenon In- Messenia, 163 Geryones, s. of Chrysaor, slaln by Heracles, 101 151 Geoponica, the, 867 n. Giants, xxi; spring from the blood of Heaven, 03; War oj the - , 483, 543, 665, 561, 675 Give (per.onl1led), 2g Glauce,97 Glauconome, 99 Glaueus, (i) s. of Sisyphus and f. of BeUerophon, 169; (II) the herds· man, 471 Glechon (in Boeotia), 173 Glenus, s. of Reracles, 217 Gnawer (8. Mouse), 561 GoettlinglOO the 81~ficaoce of the name Heslod,' xlv Goodnes., the path to -, 25 Gorga, dau. of Oeneus, 117 GorllUl, I. of Mid.., 5n I 640 INDEX Gorgons, the - , daus. of PhoroYll and eeto, names of, 99; head 01 the Gorgon (Medusa), 237; live in the Isle of Sarpedon, 605 Graces, 7; companions of the Musea, 83' daus. ot Zeus 145, 149; worshipped by Eteoclus at Orchomenus, 173, 193, 213, 339, 417; dance of the - at Delphi, 453; deck Aphrodite, 499 Graeeus, 8. of Zeus and Pandora, 155, 157 Graiae, daus. of Ceto and Phoroys, 99 Granicus, river In Mysla, 105 Great Eoiae, the, subject of, xxiv; by a Thessalian or Boeotian author, xxv, 257-263, paBsim Great Works, nature of the - , xx, 76 Greeks, origin of the name, 156, 495, 521, 623, 573 Guide, the - (Hermes), 417, 421 Gyes, one of the Huuared-nanded Giants, s. 01 Heaven, 89 j bound by Cronos, released by Zeus, 125, 131; lives in Tartarus, 133, 139 Phlneu! delivered from - by Zetes and CalaIS, 179 f 181 Harpys,' river in Peloponnesus, 179 Harmonia, da u. of Ares and w. of Cadmus, 149, 151, 339 Harvesting, 31, 45, 61 Heaven, xxi, xxix; husband of Earth, 81; offsprinj?: an4 husban,d of Earth, 87-; ImprIsons his children, 91 ; mutilated by Cronos, 92; calls his sons 'ntans. 95,113; sons of -,117/127,129, 131, 143, 145; sons 0 - , 319, 331,349; husband of Earth, 457 ; union of - with Earth and their offspring, 481 Heaven Sons of - , pas8im Hebe, dau. of Zeus and Hera, 79, 147; w. of Heracles, 149, 339, 439 Hecataeus, 157 Hecate, dau. of Perses and Asteria, honoured by Zeus, her prerogatives, 109--111,' 205; mother 01 Scylla, 263; dau. of Persaeus, hears cry of Persephone when carried off by Pluto, 291; gives Demeter news of Persephone, 293 ; nurse of the young, 478 Hades (Pluto, AJdoneus), seizes Persephone, xxxv, xxxvll, 13, 103; 8. of Rhea and Cronos, 113; home of - , 135, 141, 201, 231; cap of - , 237, 239, 261; carries off Persephone, 295, 313, 315, 317, 383 n:J 417, 48p; terrors of - , 529, 6.9, 573 Hadrian, the Emperor, xU; CODsuIts the Delphic oracle as to Homer's birthplace and parentage, 669 Haemon, 8. of Creon, slain by Sphinx, 483 Hairless One, the - (the snake), 203 Halcyone, w. of Ceyx, xxiv Haliacmon, river in Macedonia, 105 HalicarnassuB, 673 Haliartus, in Boeotia, xxxvi, 176 Halie, dau. of N ereus, 97 Halimeda, dan. of Nereus, 99 Hallrrhothiu8, •• of Periere,!! lSg Ham-gnawer (a Mouse), 540 Hamanibbler (a Mouse), 657 Harpiea, the - , nlli, gg, 187; Hecaterus, daus. of - , 275 Hector, xxvi; slays Proteallaus, 405; burial of - , 509, 519, 685 Hegesias of Salamis in Cyprus, possible author of the O'llpria, xxxii, 497 Hoglas Aglas), author of tho RetuTtu. xxxili, 527 Helen! rape of - , xxxii j cause of TrOJan war, 15; birth of - , un, 195, 197 j won by MenelaUs bears Hermione, 199, 205 ; carried off by Paris, 491; dau. of Nemesis and Zeus, 409; surrender of - demanded by the Greeks, 601; carried off by Theseus, 601; married by DeIphobus, 511, 619, 621, 595 Helenus, s. of PriamJ 491; capa tured by Odysseus, .09 Helice, 247J 253 . . .. Helicaon, b17 Helicon, Mt. -:) in BoeotIa. Xlll, xvii 51; MUses appear to Heslod on - , 81; POi3eidon lord 01 - , "9, 543, 567, 687 and n. «c. Hellconian Muses, 79 Helios (the Sun), xxxlv j cureH Orion of his blIndness, 71, 79; s. of Hyperion, 107; weds Persets, 151 j t. of Circe, 153 ; hears cry of Persephone carried off by Hades, 291, 293; tells Demeter ot the rape of Persephone 295 351; sheep of - , 353, sin; .iay. his horses at birth of Athena, 455; the birth and course of - , 459 Hellanicus, 667 Hellas, 51, 79, 183, 493, 695 Helle, sister of Phrlxu8 177 Hellen, ancestor of the Hellenic race, xxii; s. of Deucallon, 166 ; sons of - , 167 Hellenic, geneah1gies of the - race, xxii, 165, 495, 519 Hellenes, 43, 169,275, 605, 611, 613. 617 Hephaestus, forms Pandora, 7, 71 ; forms PandOl"I', 121, 141 ; craftsman, 8. of Hera, 147; weds Aeglaea, 140; greaves of Heracles made by - , 229, 237, 241, 243 ; cast into the Bea by Hera., 347, 873; teacher of human crafts, 447,497 Heptaporus, the river - (" Sevenfords "), 105 Hera, hymned by the MUBes, 97: sets the N emean lion against Heraetes, 103 ; dan. of Rhea and Cronos, 113; w. of Zeus, quarrels with Zeus, bears HephaestuB, 147, 149, 187; beloved by Endymion, 261, 269; Bets Argus to watch la, 2731 287; keeps Eilithyia from aidmg Leto. 331; gives Typhaon to the she-dragon of Pytho to nurse, 345 if., 365, 409 j sister and wife of Zeus, 437, 443; rivalry of - with Athena and Aphrodite, stirs up a storm against Paris, 491, 497; altar of -Acrea(" Hera of the Hpights ") at Corinth, &35 661, 563 Heracles, nU, xxiv, xxv, xI; slaya Geryones, 101; slays the Lernaeau Hydra, 103; slays the eagle which plagued P.rometheus, 117/' the .. Theban-born," 119; 8. 0 Zeua and Alomena, weds Heba, 64l INDEX 149 ; lives In Olympus, 151; S18Y8 Geryones, 161: 1dlls Pert~ elymenus and the SODS of Neleus~ 161-163, 207, 215; weds Delaneua, 217; 8. of Zeus and Alcmena, 219; born in Thebes, 223 fl. paBlim; left by the Argo~ nauts, 225; visits the house of Ceyx, ib.; entertained by Telaman, 257 j toils and reward of-, 439; crosses Ocean In the cauldron of the SUD, 483; ma.dness 01 - related by Nestor, 493; takes Themiscyra, 627; - ana the Cercopes, 539, 577 Heress of Megara, accuses Pelslstratus of tampering: with the Hesiodic poems, 207 Hermaon, f. of Arabus, 167 Hermes, xxxvii, 7; 8. of Mala., 67 ; god 01 cattle (with Hecate), 179, 265; steals Apollo's cattle, 265, 267; slays Argus, 275, 817,819:; 15. of Zeus and Mala, 363-405 paBsim' makes the lyre, 365-. 867; .leals A polio's cattle, 8611373; the Shepherd, 387; appointed lord of herds 899, 417, 441,443; 1.01 Pan, 445, 467, 491, 615 Hermione,. (I) In Peloponnesus, 197, 593; (Ill dau. 01 MenelaUs ana Helen, 199, 205 Harmus, the river, 105, 467 Herodotus, on the date of Homer and Hesiad, xxvi; on the Sey.. thians, 179 D.; pseudo - , 475 D., 585, 587 Heroes, the race at - 15, 201 n. Heslod, poems lalse(y attributed to - , xii; Life of - , xiii-xvii ; supposed sIgnificance of the name, xiv i literary value of - , xxvixxvii; influence of - shown in Hvmn to Aphrodite, xxxviU; Homeric epigram attributed to - , xl; Contest with Homer, and death of - , xlii, 67, 71, 73, 75, 77; taught by the Muses, 79, 155, passim: works of - tam~ pered with by Peisistratus, 207 ; author of Marriage of Geyx, 255; quoted by Baechylldes, 281., 517; birthplace of - , 667; ancestry ot -, related to Homer, 571 .. Contest 01- with Homer, 571 If.; warned 01 his death by the Pythia, killed at OenoA, 587; his body brought to land by dolphins and removed from Oeo06 to Orchomenus, 689; his epitaph, th. 567-597, passim Hesiodie Poems: general character of - , xvii; aate of, xxv-xxvi Hesperethusa, one of the Hesperides 281 Hesperlan, 181 Hesperides, daus. of Night, guard tho golden apples,_ 95, 99, 117; names at the - , ~1 i apples of the - , 483 . Hestia, xxxvill; dan. of Rhea and Cronos, 113; unsubdued by Ajlhrodite, 407 and n.; vows virginity, 409; tends the templo 01 Apollo at Pytho, 449; honoured at banquets, associated with Hermes, 455 Hills, the offspring 01 Earth, 89 Himerus (Desire), 88 Hippe, w. at Theseus, 207 IDppodameia, dau. of OenomaUs. won by Pelops, 261 n. IDppomenes, xxIii; race of - with At&anta, 166, 167 Htppono~. dau. of Nereua, gg RipponoUs, 183, 487 Hippostratus, 183 Hlppotades, s. of Phylas, 259 Hippotho~ dau. of Nereus, 97 Homer, exhausted the field of Ev.lc Poetry, x; Contest of - WIth Heslod, xv; Epigrams of -j xxxix-xl; Herodotean Life 0 • xxxix; supposed author of the Battle oj the Frog. and Mice, xll ; life and descent ot -, xII; date 01 relatively to Hesiod, xlll; and lntroduetion pa"im, 141 n.J65, 175, 185 n.; contest with .tl.esiod a~ Delos, 281; birthplace of - , 469 n.; author of the Theba1B, 485; author of the Epigoni. 487; gives the Cllpria to Stasinus a6 a. dowry, 497, 503, 507, 515 n., 629, 531; author of the Expedition of Amphiara113 and the Hymn, t.o the God3, 533; author of the Margite., 637; dlaputed INDEX birthplace of - , called Melesi.. genes, meaning of tho name, author of the Margitu, 667; the reply of the descent of Pythia to Hadrian on the birthplace of - , 569; pedigree ot Homer and Hesiod, Contest of - with Hesiod at Cbalcls, 571 ff.; composes the Theba~8J. the Epigoni, the epitaph on .Mldas, and the Odyssey, 591; visits Athens, Corinth, and Argos, sltcritlces to - at Argos, 593; re· cites the Hymn to Apollo at Delos, visits los, 505; death 01 - , 597 aod 567-597 passim Homeridae (descendants of Homer) in Chios, 667 Hope, confined in Pandora's jar, 9 Ropleus, one of the Lapithae, 233 Horae (Hours, Seasons), 145, 839 Horeus (Oath), child of Strife, 63 Horse's Spring, the - (Hippocrene), 79 Host of Many (Pluto), 289; carries off Persephone, 291, 317, 819 Hours (see also Horae), 7, 145, 427, 499 House-carrier, the - (the snail), 45 Hundred-handed Giants, the three - , xxi, xxv; names of- 89 ; aid Zeus against the Titans, 125, 127.1 129 ff.; offspring '01 Earth ana Heaven, 481 Hunger, the Sluggard's companion 25 Hyades, sisters of Hyas, turned into stars, 67; names of the - , 69 Hyas, 67 Hydra, the - , of Lerna, killed by Heraeles, 103 Hyettus, slays Molurus, 259 HylIus, s. of Heracles, 217, 259 HymellaeufI, s. of Magnes and be~ loved by Apollo, 265 Hymns to th8 Gods, ascribed to Homer, 533; Hymn to Apollo, quoted by Thuoydides, :xxxiv/' two parts of the - , contents 0 the - , xxxvi; recited by Homer at Delos, 595 Hymns: the Homeric, Ionian and Contlllental influences in - , date of collection unknown, nature of. xxxiv; to DionysU8, xxxiv: to Demeter, contents of - , xxxiv; date of - , xxxv; to Apollo, two parts of - , contents of - , xxxvi ; date of - , xxxvii; to Hermes, character of - , contents of - , xxxvii; date of - , xxxviixxx:viil j to Aphrodite, contents and date of - , xxxviii; to Dionysus, uncertain date ot -, xxxvillxxxix' to Ares, xxxix; to Pan, love of nature in -, xxxix Hyperboreans, the, 431 Hyperphas, f. of Euryanassa, 209 Byperion, s. of Heaven, 89, 107, 153, 291, 295, 351; s. of (Hellos), 455,469 Hypoplaclan Thebes, 505 n. Hyria In Boeotia, 213, 259 bcobus :axvI lache, d8u. 01 Tothys and Ocean, 319 Iadmorddes, 571 lambe, cheers Demeter with her jests, 303 Iambus, 625 laneira, dau. of Ocean, 105 and n. 319 Ianthe, 106, 819 IapetuI, I. of Heaven, 89; weds Clymene, 117. Sons of - , xxi; (Atlas), 133 ; (Prometheus), steals nro 7, 79, 117, 119 lasion, f. of Plutus by Demeter, 161 lason, labours of - , 153; 8. of Aason, educated by Chiron, 163 Icarus, an island in the Aegean, 287 Icbnaea, present at the birth 01 Apollo, 331 Ida, Mt. - , 143 n.; birthplace of Aeneas, 153, 327, 4,11; ironsmelting on 471 and n.; contest 01 beauty between the goddesses' held on - , 491, 499, 521 Idaean Dactl!la, the - , a Hesiodic poem dealing with the discovery at metals, xx, 77 Id!"!,. killed by Polydeuces, 491; Jdus Castor, 603 Idomeneus, 195 n.; suitor of Helen, 197 Idyia, 105; w. of Aeetes, mother 01 Medea, 151 INDEX INDEX Ie Paean (" Han, Healer I). & hymn to Apollo, 359, 361 Iepaeon (Apollo), 343 Iliad, effect of the - on later epic poetry, ix; .lneatness of in characterisatIon, xxxi; length of - , 591 and n., 593; The Little subject of, xxxii, 509, 513 51ft and n., 535 • Ilian War I the 497 Ileus (Olleus), beloved by Apollo 209 and n.; f. of the lesser Alas' 521 ' Illum, Menelafls plans the expedI.. tlon against-, 491, 493, 495 501 611; Sackof-,517, by Arcttnus of Miletu8, 621, 623, 625, 681 Imbros, 327 Inachu8, f. of Mycene, 259 Ina, dau. of Cadmus, 151, 271 D. Inopus, a stream in Delos, 325 . Insewn, a title of Dionysus indIcating his birth from tbe thlgh of Zeus, 287 and n., 289 10, xxv; loved by Zeus and trans.. formed into a eow, 273, 275 lobate., 15g Iocasta, mother and w. of Oedinu. 483 y , lola or lolela, 207, 533 loJaUs, 103; charioteer of Heraeles 207, 225-253 paB8im; f of Lelpephile, 250 ' lolcus, xxv, 153, 187,247,253 341 Ionia., Homeric type ot epio' followed In -, x Ionian the race sprung from XUthU8, xxU; the - School of Epic poetryiix, xxvlll ft.; forms a corpus of eroie story, IXviiixxxiv, 183 lontans, festival of the - at Delos 335; - make Homer n. citizen of each o~ their states, 595 Iophossa, w. of. PhrixuB, 263 los, Isle of -i reputed birthlliace at Homer.:. 57 ; Homer sails to 695; rues at - , 697 ' Iphianassa, (1) dan. of ProetuB, 160: (Ii) d3R1. of Agamemnon, 503. Iphiclus, 177, 19,'>; powers of running of - , 209, 211; 8. of Amphltryon c 223, 227; COWl of - , 263, 2·,1 Iphlgenela, _..... Hecate, 105 and n.; uerlflced to Artemtl 493' transported to tho land of the Taurl, 495; distinguished from Iphlanassa, 603 Iphimedea, w. of Alo~us, 157, 160 Iphlno~, dau. of Proetus, 169 Iphitus, xxiI, 307 Iris, dan. of Thaumas, 99; fetches the water of 8tyx, 135, 179; .ent by Zeus to Bummon Demeter 311 813; sent to bring ElllthyJa t n.; Jar tho - of Pandora, g Jul1us Pollux, xl Juno, drives mad the daua. 01 Proetus, 169 Justice (personified), 10 ; dan. 01 Zeus, 23, 26, 145 Lacedaemon, (1) f. of EurYdice, 169 ; (ti) (-Sparta), 195, 491 Lacedaemonian 261 Lache.Is, one 01 tbe Fate .. 95 and n., 145,239 Laconian, 363 Ladon, the river, 105 Lame One, the - (Hephaostus), 149, 185, 235 Laocoon, xxxll: destroyed by serpents, 621 Laomedea, dau. of Nerens, gg I,ao!fledon, f. of Ganymedes, 615 Laplthae, xxv; battle of - with Centaurs, 231 Larissa, xl: (In the Peloponnesus) 266 I Lasius, slain by Oenomalls, 261 I,atins, named after Latinus, 165 Latinus, B. of Circe and OdysseulI, 153, 155 Lawlessness, cblld of StIlle, 97 Leagore,09 Lebel, 'SU LootutJ,341 Leds, 191; mother 01 the Dioscurl, 441 461 Leeky (a Frog). 559 Lehmann, xxv Leipephile, dan. of Ioiatla, w. of Phylas, 259 Lelantina Plain, war for the - . xvi, 341 Leleges, 209 Lemnos, xxxll, 71,327,429 n.,495, 511 Lenacon, month of, 41 and n. Leontes, 527 Lerna, the Hydra. of, 103 Lesbos, 327, 607 Lesches of Mltylene, Author of the LitUo Iliad, xxxlI, 509, 515 and n., 617, 519 Lescneos (=Lesches), xxxiI, 617 Leto, xxxvi; mother of Apollo 59, 71, 79; dan. of Coeus and Phoebe, 109; wedded to Zeus, 146, 189, 213, 235, 263, 281, 325 ; wanderings of - , 327, 329; swears that Delos shall be Apollo's chief abode, 331, 335, 337,339,363,376,377,381,383, 395,401 Lencippe, dan. of Ocean, 319 Lencippus, 189 i daUB. of - , 191 : w. of-, 339 Libya, 181 Llckman (a Mouse), 555, 557 Llckplatter (a Mouse), 549, 55U Ligurians, 179 Lilaea, 173, 341 Limping God, the - (Hephaestus), 121 Llndus (In Rhudes), xl Linus, invoke\.\ by minstrels, 275; 8. of Apollo and Aethusa., 671 Locrians, aid Amphitryon against; the Taphians, 221 Loerlan, the - Aias, 627; thegrove, (Oeno~), xvii Locris, x n. t xvl, 265, 587, 589 LoCIus, leader of the Leleges, 209 Loud-crier (a Frog), 557 Lond-croaker (a Frog). 655 Love (Eros), 87 LUdwlch on the date 01 the Humn to Dionv8U!, xxxix Lycaeum (in Arcadia), 71, 265 "Lycaon. 0) It. of Arcadia, 69. 71, lIOns of - , 175; (ti) the Trojan, captured by Patroclus, 496 Lycia, 337 Lycomedes, suitor of Helen, 197, 493,517 Lyctu. (In Crete), 115 Lying Words, offspring of Strife, 97 Lycurgus, 261 Lycus, dau. of - , 493 Lynceusioffs-prin g of-, 243; killed by Po ydences, 491, 503 Lyrnessus (in the Troad), 495 Lysianassa, dau. of Nereus, 99 Lysicrates, choragio monument of - , xxxix Lysimachus, 523 Lyslppe, dau. of Proetus, 169 :HacM, B. of Aeolus, 327 Macareus, 183 Macedon, s. of Zeus, xxU, 157 Macedoma, l'flacedonians, xxii, 157 Machaon, heals Philoctetes. 511; killed by Eurypylus, 615; receives gift of Burgery from Poseidon, 525 !Iaenad,317 Maena-IuB, 265 Maeon, 569, 571 Maeoma, 337 Magnes, s. of Zeus, xxU, 157; s. of Argos, 263, 265 Map-neaia, xxii, 256, 266 Mala, one of the Pleiades, 69 ; bears Hermes to Zeus, 149, 363405 passim, 441, 443; Son of - , pasdm Maiden Well, the - at Eleusis, 295 Malea, 363 Manslaughters. offspring of Strife, 97 Mantes, 271 Manto, dnu. of Teiresias, 4-S0 MarckscheJIel, xxii, xli n. Maresz 271 . Marg~te8, the - , xl, 537, 667, 671 Mariandynus, I. of Phineus, 177 Marmax, 261 .M aro, 211 and n. Maronea, in Turace, 211 n., 627 Marriage oj Oell~, a Hesiodlc poem xxiii, xxiv Mases 197, 593 Matth\ae, discovers the HilmA to Demeter I xuv INDEX MauaoIns, prince of Hallca.rnrul8ulS. xli, 537 May-day Bongs, 4:75 n. Meander, 103 Mecionlce, 259 MecisteuB f. of Eurypylus, 593 Mecone, division between gods and men at -, n9 Medea, dan, of Ae~tesJ 151, 153; renews youth of Aeson, 627; poisons Creon k. of Corinth, 535 MadellB, B. of lason and Medea, 163 Medon, k. of Athens, 591 Medusa, storY of - , 99, 101 Megamedes, f. of Pallas, 371· Megara, 197, 207 M egam, 266 M elampodia, subject of the - , xxv MelampuB, xxv; cures daus. of ProteuB, 169 j dear to Apollo, 261; inspired by serpents, 263 Melanlppe, an AmazoD, 283 Melanopu8 571 MeIns, 8. of l'hriXUB, 263 Meleager story of - , 215, 217 ; dan. 0 i -,505 Melea, the river of Smyrna, 435, 469; f. of Homer, 667, 569, 571, 573, 581 Aielesagoras, 205 Meleaigenes (Homer), 567, 569 Meliae, nymphs of ash-trees, 13 n. 93 and n. MeUan Race (men sprung from the MeIiae), 121 and n. Melite, 97,319 Meliboea, 175 Melabosis, dau. of Ocean, 105, 319 Melpomene, one of the Muses, 83 Memnon, xxx, xxxi; s. of Eos and Tithonus, 153; aids the Trojans and slain by Achilles, 607; dau. of -,639 Menelaus return of - , xxxiii ; deserted by Helen, 191; Buitor of Helen, 193, 195; . chosen as husband of Helen. 199; s. of Pleisthenes, 205 ; entertains Pari.s, plans expedition against Ilium, 491} 503, 511, 519, 621; quanels WIth Agamemnon, 625 ; reaches Egypt, returns home, 527 rtienemachus, 569 Menestheus, suitor of Helen, 195. 523 64 6 Menesthius 173 Menestho, i 05 Menippe, 99 Menoatius, s. of Iapetus, !ltruck by the thunderbolt of Zeus, 117; f. of Patroclus, 189 Merope, (i) one of the Pleiades, 67 (Ii) dau. of Oenopion 71 Meropes, Inhabitants oi eos, 327 Massena, xvii Messenia.ns, 189 Messina, straits of, 71 n. Metaneir~ w. of Celeus, 301; reo ceives verneter. 803; gives Demophoon to Demeter to nurse, 305; spies on Demeter, 307, 309 Methane, a nymph, 571 Metis, 105; w. of Zeus and swallowed by him, 143, 147; mother of Homer, 669 Mice, the - J 543-563 passim Midas, xI, 4ti7; epitaph on - by Homer, 591 Miletus, 327, 607, 621 Milton, x Mlmas, (1) a Centaur, 233; (1\) a .promontory In Ionia, 327, 469 .Minos, 71, 149; s. of Zeus and Europa., 171, 197; wide rule of - , 205 and n. 353 Minyan, title of OrchomenuB In Boeotia, 259 Minya.ns, 589 Minyas, 209 Mirth, 475 Mltylene, xxx1I Mnemosyne, mother of the Muses, 83; dan. of Heaven, 89; wedded to Zeus, 145; hymned by Hermes, 395 Mnesagoras 669 Moerae (Fates), 145 Molione, 161 Molossi, Neoptolemus returns to the -,527 MoIpe, one of the Sirens, 181 Molurus, slain by Hyett"., 259 Moon, tne - (Selene), 459 lfopsus, (i) a Lapith, s. of Ampyc6, 233; (ii) the seer, s. of Manto, xxv, 267 Mortar, dimensions of a -,35 and n. Mother of the Gods (Cybele), 439 Mother of Ali <Earth), 457 INDEX Moscow, Hgmn t.o DemetM found at, xxxv Muck~coucher (a Frog), 659 Mudman (PeIens), a. Frog, 543, 557 MillIer, Otto - , on the Aegimius, xxv Murders, OlJBpring of Strife, 97 Murray, G., Ancien! Greek [literature of - , xiv . Muse, 363; dau. of Zeus. 439, 443, 447,459,515,569,573 Muses, x, xiii i and Hes\l)d, XVI xvii, xxi j - of Pleria, 3 ; - 0 Helicon, 51, 79; - of Olympus teach Hesiod, 81 ~ sing in Olym~ pus, 81; names of the - 83; patronesses of minstrels, 85, 87, 145. 151; - of Olympus, 165 ; _ of Pieria, 235. 275. 281, 339, 395 i OlympIan, 895.451; dance of tne - at Delphi, 453; cele.. brate the deeds of the demigodS/ 469, 461, 487, 509, 539 j - 0 Helicon, 543, 681; tripod dedicated by Hesiod to - 587, 691 Mmeum, the - , of Alcldamas, 589 Uycale, 327 Myca.lessus, 341 Mycenaean. 489 Mycene, dau. of Inachu!, 259 Myrmidons, ants transformed into -,185; town of the -,247,253 Myel., 493 Mysteries, the - of Eleusis, 303 and n. ; taught by Demeter to the princes of Eleusis, 323 N arclsaus, the - created by Earth to ensnare Persephone, 289 Naubolus, 207 Nausinoiis, 8. of Odysseus, 155 Nausitho(is, 8. of Odysseus, 155 N axas, 287, 327 Neleus, sons of - , killed by Heracles\ xxii, xxiii, 163 Nemea, XVI; lion of - , killed by Heracles, 103, 587 Nemean Zeus, grove of - , xvi, 687 Nemertes, da.u. of Nereus, 99 Nemesis, xxvi, 17 and n., 95 and n., 191 i mother of Helen by Zeus, 499 Ncoptolemns, xxxii; tomb of - at Delphi, 115 n.; brouaht by Odysseus from Scyros, I!Ila.JI Eurypylu8, 511, 517; mnrders Astyanax, 519; murders Priam, 621, 523; meets Odysseus at lIaronea 527 N ephele, ii{vee tho Ram to PhrlxU8 and Helle, 177 Nereus, 8. of Sea, calle.d the Old Man, 97 ; daus. of - , 99, 163. 187,847 Neso,99 Nessus, the rlver - , 105 Nestor, s. of Neleus, 163; so·called Cave of - , 372 n., 493, 513; returns from Troy, 525, 569 Nicostratus, 8. of Menelaiis, 205 Nicothoi!, one of the Harpies, 179 Night, mQther of Strife, 3, 79, 87; dan. of Chaos, 87; children of - , 95, 99; house and journey~ ings of - , 133, 135; mother of the Hesperldes, 281 Nike (VictorY), dau. of Styx, 107 Nilus (the River Nile), 103 Niobe, children of -,173 Nisaea, dau. of Nereus, 97 Nisus, 169 Notus, 53 i •. of Astraeus, 107, 143 Nut (the Egyptian counterpart of Heaven), 93 n. Nymphs, wash the corpse of Resiod. xvii, 13; daus. of Zeus, 75, 89 ; - of mount,ains, 276 ; - of ash~ trees, 93 n .• 417 j tree~nymphs of Mt. Ida, 425; companions of Pan, 443; companions of Aphrodite, 499, 531 Nysa, in Phoenice, the birthplace of Dionysus, 287; platn of - , 291; Dionysus nurtured in dells of - , 46 ,b., Oath (Horeus), dogs unjust judgementsl 19; birth of -, 63 ; child of StrIfe, 97 ; - by the water of Styx described, 135, 137 Obrtareus (= Brtareu8, q.v.), onB of the Hundred - handed Giants. bound by Cronos and released by Zeus, 125; lives in Tartarus, 133 Oealea,34L Ocean, the river, 15, 45, 79, 89, 95, 97, DIl, 101; f. of rivers, 103; INDEX dans. of - , 105 109, 115, 129, 136; streams 01, 137, 139, 145, 147,161,181,191,193,231,243, 281, 283 ~ daus. of - , 289, 319, 369, 377, 423, 459, 461, 483 501, 605, 539 ' Ocimedes (a Frog), 557 Ocypete (or Ocythoe), one of the Harpies, 99, 179 Oeypus, one of the Harpies, 179_ Ooyrrho6, dan. of Ocean, 105, 319 Ocytho~, aee Ooypete Oditea, 8. of Haraales, 217 Odysseus, xxviii; omission of -in the Returns, xxx and ll.; rivalry with Aias, xxxi; wins arms of Aohilles, xxxii; fortunes of after return to Ithaca, xxxiii; sons of - by Circe, 158; sons of - by Calypso, 155; suitor of Helen, 193, 419 D.; feigns mad~ ness, 493, 606; aids In the rescue of body of AChilles 509; wins the &rIllS of Achilles, captures Halanus, 509; brings Neoptole" mns from Soyrosl spies in 'fray, 611; rivalry WIth Alas, 613; disguised, 515, 517; murders Astyanax, 523 ; at Maronea, 527 ; story of - after close of Odvssev, 531, 569 OdJjlsev, the, effect of the Iliad and on post-Homeric epic, lx; structure of - , xi 631; composition and length of the - , 5@1 ..nd n. Oeager, f. of Orpheus, 571 OebaIus, 195, 197 Oechalia, the Taking 0/-, by CreophyllIS of Samol or by Homer, 533,535 Oedipodea, the - , xxix Oedipus, WIU' for the flocks of - , 15; funara! at -,173,217,219; St01'1/ of - th.,·(Oedipodea), 483; sons of - , curses his sons, 485; story 0 related by Nestor, 403 Oeneus, 183: f. of Meleager, 215, 217; marries I'erlboea, 487, 605, 593 Oeno~ in Locris, Hesiod murdered and buried at - , xvi, xvii, 587 Oenomaiis, persona alaJ.n by -~ 2.61 and Jl., Oenopion, bllnds Orlan, 71; •• of Dionysus, 211 Ogygla, the Island of Calypso, 183 Ogylia, an island off Crete, 183 Ogylian Sea, the - , 183, 199 Old Man, the - of the Sea (Nerens), 97, 153 Olenus (In Acbaea), 183, 481 Olmeiu8,79 Olympiads, xxx Olympians, xxi, 259 (Zeus), 277 i Olympian, the Muses, 395, 441 Olympus, Muses of - , 79; birthplace of the }fuses, 83; occupied by the godst,87, 107, 109; stronghold of the bans of Cronos in the war with the Titans, 125, 129, 139, 141, 149, 157, 213, 223.- 235, 253, 289, 295, 299, 313, 321, 323, 331, 333, 337, 341, 359, 361, 387, 395, 401, 431, 433, 437, 439, 445, 455, 663, and pallim Onchestus, 175; grove of Poseidon at - , and custom there, 341, 371, 377 Orchomenu8, Heslod's bones removed to -, xvi, 173 ~ Minyan, 259; sons of - , 283; men of -, remove the body of Hesiod from Oeno/;, 5S9 Order (Eunomia), dau. of Zeus and Themls,145 Orestes, xxxill; avenges his father, Agamemnon, 627 Orion, rising of - , 4:7 J 49; atoryof -,71,73 Orpheus, 571 Orphic, the character of the Hymn to Ares, xxxix OrthuB, the hound of Geryones, born of Echidna and Typha-on. slain by Heraclea, 101 i f. ot Sphinx, 103 Othrys, Mt. - , the stronghold of the Titans 125 Otreus, k. 01 Phrygla, 415, 417 Outrage (personified), 19 Overlooking, a title of the altar or Apollo, 539; a title of Zeus, ib. n. Paean (the Healer), 275 Paean-singers, Cretan - , 361 PaKasaean. a titi. of Apollo, 2U INDEX Palamede!, 493, 495; drowned by Odysseus and Diomedes, 505 Palladium,xxxil; stolen from Troy by Diomedes and Odysseus, 5~1, 523 Pallanttum (In Arcadia), 175 pallas, (I) -Athena (q, •. ), 7, 121, 147,159,229,310,437,453,5 61 i (II) s. of Lycaon, 175; (Ill) s. of Crius and Eurybla, 107; f. of Selene, 371 Pan, s. of Hermes, haunts of - , plays on pipes at eventide, 443J.· birth 01 - , 445; why so name by the gods, 447 and n. Pandia, dau. of Zeus and Belene, 461 Pandion, the dau. of - , 45, 159" Pandora, (i) myth of - , xvui; creation of - , 7; meaning of the name, 9 n.; lets loose the plagues, g; creation of - , 121, 123; (il) dau, of Deue.llon, 157 Paneides, brother of Amphldamas of Chalels, 573, 585 Panhellenes, 43, 169 Panic, 149, 231; attendant on Ares, 253 Panopea,97 Panopeus, 173,207 Paphos,411 Paris (Alexancirus, , •.,.) slays Achilles, xxxi, 609 Parnassus, 116, 343, 345, 353, 361. 403 Paros, 325, 827 Parthenius, the river - , 105, 279 Parthenopaeus, S. of TaIBils, 487 Patroclus, xxx, 189; captures Lycaon, 496 Pasithea, dau. of Nerem!!, 97 Pasithoe, dau. of Ocean, 105 Passalus, one of the Cercopes, 639 Pausanias, xxxii; on the !tone swallowed by Cronos, 115 n., 193 n. Peace, nurse of children, 21, 145, 475 Pedaaus, a town n the Troad, 495 Pegasus, born from the blood 01 Medusa brings thunder to Zeus, 101, 103 ~ the horse of .Dellaro-phon, 159 PeireD, f. of 10, 273 Peirene, dau. of Oebalu8, 259 Polrlthoila. .. 01 Aepytu., 20~ ; ftghtl! wtth the Laplthao against Centalll's, 233 Peirus, the river - , 183 Peisistratus, tampers with the text of Hesion, 207 Peitho, dan. of Ocean, 106 Pelagon, 261 Pelasgi, 175, 266; In Crete. 276; at Dodona,279 Pelasgus, 176 Pelelad.s (= Pleiades), 67 Peleus, f. of Achilles, 163; adventure of with Acastus, 185; epithalamIum of, 187, 189, 199, 273; dispute 01 gods at the marriage of - , 489; marri~ge of - , 497, 613; recognISes Neoptolemus, 627 Pelias, s. of, Poseidon, xxU, 163 Pelion, Mt. - , 163, 185, 199, 327 j marriage of Peleus on - , 497 Peloponnesus, 179, 266. 343, 345t 353, DB7 Pelops, dau. of - , 219; W!?S Hippodameia. from Oenomaus, 261; isle of - , 355, 603 Peloris,73 Pemphredo, one of the Graiae, 99 Penelope, xxxill; burial of Buitors of - , 531; marries Telegonus, 631; sons of by Odysseus, 533 Penena, the river - , 105. 213, 4,47 Penthesileia, xxxi; killed by Achilles, 507, 609 Peparethus, 327 Periboea., w. of DeneUI!I 188 Periclymenus, 8. of Neleus killed by Heraeles, xxii, 161, 487 Perieres, s. of Aeolus, 157, 189 Perimedes, 8 Centaur, 233 Perimele, 263 Periphas, s. of Oeneu8, 217 Permessus, 79 Perrhaebi, the - , 841 Persaeus, f. of Hecate, 291 Persephone, carried off by Hades, XXXV; w. of Hades, 135; dau. of Zeus and Demeter carried off by Aldoneu8, 145, 171 D., 289 ft., 313 ~ eats pomeR'mnate seed in Hades, 315; returns to Demeter, 317; tells the storf of her seizure, 319, 325, 437 Pers.jlOllJ. 163 INDEX PeraeTs, 105; liI' ot Relios and mother of eirct) a.nd Ae~te8, 151 Perses, (i) s. of Crina and Eurybla, 107; weds Asteria, 109; 8. of - , 219; (ll) Hesiod"s brother, xiil, xiv, xv; his quarrel with Heaiod, 0; exhorted to deal justly, 19, 23, 25, 33/ 49, 571 Perseus, s. 0 Dana6, slays Medusa, 99, 235, 237 Persians, 669 Persuasion (Peltho), 7 Pestle, 35 Peteoiis, 8. of, 195, 197 Petraea, dau. of Ocean, 105 PetraeU8, a Centaur, 233 Petrie, recovers papyrus fragments of the Oontest 0/ Homer and Heswd, xli n. Pen cans, Bons of - , 233 Phaeo, one of the Hyades, 69 PhsenD dau. of Ocean, 819 Phaesyle, one of the Hyades, 69 Phaethol!l 8. of Eos, carried off oy AphroOlte, 153 Phalereus, ODe of the La:pithae, 238 Pharsalia, 619 n. Phasis, the river - . 105, 181 Phegeus, xvi, 587 Phellus, 175 Pherae,355 Phares, 163; e. at Oeneus, 217 Pherusa, dan. of Nereus, 97 Phicium, 223 Philammon, 209 PhUoctetE;l8, xxxll; suitor of Helen, 193; deserted in Lemno8, 495 j brought to Troy and healed, 511, 517 Phllommedes (Aphrodite), 03 and n. Phtloterpe8, 671 Philyra, s. of (Chlron)" 153; mother of Chiron by urono8, 483 Phincus, xxtit; 8. of Phoenix, 171; blinded, 177, 179, 263 Phlegyae, the - , 345 Phlegya8, 213, 441 Phocaea, 327 ; Phocaeans, 635 Phocai'" a poem ascribed to Homer, 533 n., 535 Phocians, 221 PhOC1l8, s. of Aeacus, 153 Phoebe, dan. of Heaven, 89 i wedded to CoeUI, 109 65 0 PhoebuB (Apollo), 79, 189, 213, 225, 227,263,276; hymns to - . 281, 327, 329, 331, 333, 335, 343, 345, 351, 363, 367. 371, 386, 387, 391, 395, 899; sung of by m1ostrela, 447, 453, 591 Phoeriice, 287 Phoenician, 669 Phoenix, (1) the llfe of a - , 76: (ii) f. of Euro:p,a, Phineus, and A donis, 171; (ill) dies on return from Troy, 627 Phorbas, rival of Apollo, 339 Phorcys, 8. of Sea and Earth, 97 j f. of the Graiae, 99, 103 Photlus, compiler of an abstract of the Trojan Cycle, xxix Phricon, the people of - , 469 Phrlxus, xxv; the Ram of - . 177, 263, 271 and n. Phrontis, ehild of Phrlxua and Iophosaa, 263 Phrygla, 415 PhrYJIians, 415, 575 Phthla, 187, 213, 265 Phthlotis, xxv Phyetes, k. of the Epelans, 183 Phylace, 195 Phylacus, 8. of - , (Iphielus), 195; f. oflr.hlClus 209, 271 Phylas, • of Hippotades, 259 PhyleuB,l91 Phylonomus, s. of ElectryoD, 210 Pleria, 3; the birthplace of the Muses, 83, 157, 235, 3S9, 369, 377 Plerus, an anceator of Homer, 671 Pigres, the Carian, brother of Arlee IDisia, author of the M ar(JiUa and of the BaUle o/tho FrOf/8aoo Mico, xll,537 Pindar, 141 n. Pisa, 261 Placius, Mt., 605 n. Planting, the proper day for -tl61 Pleiades, xxvii j daUB. at A BS1 mark seasons for harvesting ana ploughing 31, 45, 49, 67, 585 Plelathenes, (1) f. of Agamemnon and MenelaUs, 203; (11) B. of Helen, 501 Plexaura, dau. of Ocean. 105 Pliny, 367 n. Ploto. dau. of Nereus, 97 Plough, directions for maklna: - . and parto of - , 35, 87 INDEX Ploughing, the !!Ieason for - , 31, 37, 39; ox for - , 33, 35 Plutarch. discredits the notice of Hesiod's victory at Chalcis, authority for HeslOd's burial at Asora, xvi, xix, xxiii j uses shorter vetslon of the Oontest of Homer and Heswd, xli Pluto, (i) dau. of Ocean, 105, 319 ; (il) (Hades) indirectly named, 291 n. Plutus, s. of Demeter and lasion, god of wealth, 151, 32:i Podaleirius, receives the gift of medicine from P05eidon, 525 Podarees, suitor of Helen, 195 Polycaon, 259 Polycasta, dau. of Nestor, 163; reputed mother of Homei', 569 Polydectes, 8. of Magnes, 157 Polydeuces, 189,193, 195,4"41, 461 ; slays Lynceus and ldu.s, 491 j enjoys immortality, 409, 503 Polydora., dau. of Ocean, 105; dau. 01 Peleus, 187; w. of Protesilaiis (according to the Oypria), 505 Polydorus, 8. of Cadmus, 151 PolygnotuB, 517 n. Polyhymnia, one of the Muses, 83 Polymade, w. of Aason, 163 Polyneices, xxix, 219, 269; eursed by Oedipus, 485 Polyphantes, 261 Polypoetes, 627; S. at Odysseus and Call1dlee, 531 Polynoe, dau. of Nereus, 99 Polyxeinus, prince of Eleusis, 299; instructed in the mystel'ies by Demeter I 323 Polyxena, sacrlflced at the tomb of Achilles, 523 Polyxenus, 531 Pondlarker (a Frog), 557 Pontomedea, dau. of Nereus, 97 Pontoporea, dau. of Nereus, 99 Pontus, B. of Earth, 89 Porthaon, 1. of Oeneus, 217, 261 Poseidon (see also Earth-shaker, Earth-holder), xxii, 53; sanctu· ary of - at Peloria, 73, 79; and Medusa... 99, 133, 157, 159/ 161; weds ".l"yro 163; grove 0 -atOnooestu8, 176 n., 205, 341; woos Hestla, 409, 429; tamer of horaes and saviour of ships, 449 i lord ot Helicon, 409; f. ot the horse Areion, 485 495, 569 Pot-visitor (a Mouse~, 551, 557 Precept8 oj Chiron, xv, xx, 76 Priam, xxvi j murdered by Neoptolemus, 517, 521 Proclus, xix, xx; makes synopsis of the Trojan Cycle, xxix, xxx, xxxi, xxxii, 13 n., 267 n. Procris, W. at Cephalua the Athe~ nian, 489 Proetus, k. of Tiryns, daus. of -, 169 Prolochus, one of the Lapltlme, 233 Prometheus, xxii; deceives Zeus, 5; steals fire for men, 7; punished by Zeus, 117; befools Zeus, 119; steals tire, 121, 125 ; f. of Deucalion, 155 Pronoe, dau. of Nereus, 99 Pronoea, W. of Prometheus, xxil, 155 Propontis, the - , 179 Pl'otesilaiis, suitor of Helen, 195; killed by Hector, 495; first of the Hellenes to land at Troy, 605 Proto, dau. of Nel'eus, 97 Prymno, dan. of Ocean, 106, 163 Psamathe, dau. of Nereus, 99 pulI.jaw( k. of the Frogs, 543 If. Pursuit personified); 231 Pycimede, mother of Hesiod and Perses,571 Pygmies, the - 181 Pylades aids 6restes to avenge Agamemnon, 527 Pylas, xxii; Beracies wounds Ares at - , 245, 353, 355, 357 ; Messenian - , 372 n. ~ Triphylian-, 373 n., 379, 389, 393 Pyrrha, (1) in Mitylene, xx:xll, 617 ; (il) w. of Deucalioll, xxii, 156 Pyrrhaean, 519 Pythia (tho Delphic priestess), 569, 571 . Pythlan, the - Hymn to Apollo, xxxvi; a title of Apollo, 351 Pvtho (Delphi), xxxvi; charlot. races at - , xxxvii j Zeus Bets up the stone swallowed by Cronos at - , 115, 211; CycnuB robs pil~ grims to -, 253, 337; Apollo slays the dragoness at - , derivation of the name, 351,353,361, 877; temple ol Apollo at -, "9 INDEX Quarrel., oll.prlng of Strlle Y1 (-luarrelsomeness xvii ' Quern-!icker (a Mouse), 545 Qnlntllian on Hesiou's literary value, ""vi Race, the - of Gold 11' of Silver 11, 13, 75; of Bronze, 13' of Heroes or demi-gods, 13 15'· of Iron, 15, 17 ,. Ram, the - of Phrlxus, 177 Raven, the life of a - -76 Reedy (a Frog), 557 I. Return8, the - , its relation to the OdVllfYU,J xxx; geogI'aphical knowleage of -, xxxi; contents and authorship of - , xxxiii ; nlso called the Return oj ike Atreidae by Agias of Troezen, 625, 627' 529 and D., 631 ' RhaciuB, a Mycenaean, 489 Rhadamanthys, x; saying of _ 76; s. of Zeus and Europa 17i Rharus, plain of - 321 ' Heaven, S9' Rhea, xxi; dan. children of - , 113, 125; motbe~ of Demeter by Zeus, 321 323; present at the birth of Apollo 331 I Rhenaea 327 Rhesus, the river - 105 Rhodea, dau. of Ocean 105 819 Rhodiu8, the river - '105 I Rp,odope, dau. of Ocean, 319 Rivers, Bons of Ocean, 'Protectora of youths, 105 Rueful (a Frog) 659 Ruler 2"1, 296 01 Many (Pluto,Hades) ,11 Ruin. ehIld of Strife 97 Rzaeb on Aeolisms hi Heslod, xlv of and n. INDEX Sangariu8, the river, 106 Sao, dau. of Nereus, 97 Sardene, Mt., 467 Sarpedon, (i) 8. of Zeu! and Europa 171, 577; (Ii) the Island of th~ Gorgons, 505 Satyrs, the 277 Scamander, the river - , 105 Schoeneus, f. of Atalanta 163 165 Scorpion, created by Earth to destroy Orion, placed by Zeus In the sky, 73 Scylla, 263 Scyros, the:r.le of - , 327, 493 511' Achilles a.t -. 613 " Scythes, 77 Scythia, 263 n. Scythians, 77 n.; HerodotuB on the - , 179 and n. Sea, 87, 97 Seasons (Horae), S39, 499 Sea-faring, 49 if., 63, 143 Selene (the .Moon), 79; dan. of Hyperion, 107; dan. of Pallas 371, 376; dan. of Byperion and Euryphaessa, 459; a token to men, 461 Selinus, metope from - representing punishment of the Cercopes xl ' Sem~le, dau. of Cadmus, mother of DlOnysuS, 149, 151, 287 289 429 433 " Serus,' 189 Shakespear~,. use of old material by-,XVlll Shatter, a gnome hurtful to potter! 473 ' Sheep-cotes, 61 Sheep-shearing, 61 Shelley, translation of Hymn to Hermea by - , xxxvii Shield of Herw:les, the - , xl, xxiii, xxiv; genumeness of 207' beginning of the - part' the' fourth book of the Gatalooues 219 ' Shu (the Egyptian counterpart of Atlas), 93 n., 133 n. Sicily, 265 Sicycon, s. of Erectheus 205 Sidon, taken by Alexanfu-U8 (Parla) 491 Silenl, 425 Bimols, the river - . J..05, 677 of Sack 0/ Ilium, xxxi and n., xx:x1ll 517,521523,625 ' Salamis, (i) the Isle 01 - , xli' the home of Aias, 197; (it) in Cyp'rus 435 1 Salmoneus, II. of Aeolus J xxii1 157 , 163 Same, 365 Bamoo, 327 Sinon, xxxii; shows signal light to the Greeks, 517 621 Sirens, names of the - , 181 SiriuB (the Dog~star), 33, 47, 49, 231,247 SisyphUS, s. of AeolUS, 157. 159 Slaughter, 231 Sleep, 95; brother of Death, 133, 135 Slice~snatcher (8. Mouse), 561 Smash, a malignant kiln~gnome, 473 Smyrna, 435; building of - , 409 ; birthplace of Homer, 667 Smyth,yVeir -i on Terpander's improvement 0 the lYre, xxxviii Soli, 271 Sophocles, u.se of the Epio Cycle by - XXIX Sorrows~offspring of Strife, 97 Sparta, J:'aris at - , 491, 501 Speo, dau. of Nereus, 97 Sphiilx ..,43 n.; offspring of Orthu. and J!ichidna, 103 i slays Baemon,483 Staff of Riches, given by Apollo to Hermes 401 Stag, the life of a - , 75 Stasmus of Cyprus, author of the OY1?ria, xxxii, 186 n. i author or reCIpient of the Oypr~a, 497, 507 Steropes, ODe of the Cyclopes, 89 and n. Stesichorus, reputed I!I. of Hesiod, xvi D., 191, 483 n. Stheneboea, w. of Proetus, 169 Sthenelus, s. of Capaneus, 593 Sthenno, one of the Graiae, 99 Stratonica, 207 Strife, dau. of Night, 3, 95, 97, 231, 489 Strophades Islands, 179 Strifes, the two - , xviii, 3, 5 Strymon: the river - , 103 Styx, chief of the daus. of Ocean and Tethys, 105; wedded to Pallas, 107; home and water of - , 135, 137; water of - , 807, 319, 331; oath by the water of -,401 Suidas, xxi, xli Suitors oj Helen, the - , a Hesiodic poem, xxiii and n. Sun, the - (see also Helioa), 135/' chariot of - , 181, 369; f. 0 Circe, 475 Swallow-Son~, 475 D. Taenarum, the town of HeUos, 353 Take (personified), 29 Talatis, son of - , 487, 593 Talk (personified) 59 Taming, the right day for - animals, 61 Tantalus, 603:, punishment of - , 629 Taphians, the - slay the Bons of Electryon, 219, 221 TartaruB, description of --, xxviii j one of the three primeval beings, 87, 129 i depth of below the eartn, 131; f. of TYJ)hoeus, 139, 141; Typhoeus cast into - f 143, 213, 239, 349, 383, 391 Tauri, the -,205 n. Tauric Chersonnese, Iphigeneia. at -,205 D. Taygetus, Mt. - , the birthplace of the Dioscurl, 441, 461. 503 Tegea, 265 Teiresias, death of -i 267 n.; age and change of sex 0 -,269 j the dau. of - , (Manto), 489; dies at Colophon, 527, 531 Telamon, f. of Aias, 257 and n. ; slays Melanippe the Amazon, 283 Teleboans, 221 Teledamus (or Telegonus), s. of Odysseus and Calypso (se. Circe), 533 Telegonus. xxxiii; s. of Odysseus and Circe, 165; marries Penelope 529 ; kills Odysseus, marries Penelope} 631; s. of Odysseus by Calypso \8ic), 533 Telegony, the - , by Engammon of Cyrene,xxxili, 531, 533 Telephus, k. of Mysia, xxxii; wounded by Achilles, 493, 511, 513, 515 Telemachus, x n., xxxili; weds Polycaste 163, 493; marries Circe, 629, 631, 533; reputed f. of Homer, 569 Telesto, dau. of Ocean, 105 Telphusa, xxxvi, 341; dissuades Apollo from building a temple, 343, punished tiy Apollo, 351 Telphusian, a title of Apollo, 351 Tenedos, xxxii, 495; Greeks sail from Troy to -, 511} 521 Teas, xxix INDEX Terpander, reputed inventor of the seven ~stringed lyre, xxxviii Terpsiohore, one of the Muses, 83 Tethys, dan. of lleaven, g9; mother of the Rivers, 103, 105, 147 Teygeta, one of the Pleiades, 67 Teumeslan Fox, the - , 487, 489 Teumessu8, 341, 487 n., 489 Teuthrania, sacked by the Greeks in mistake for Troy, 493 Thaleia, one of the Gl'aces, 83, 145 Thamyras, 669 Thaumas, Q7, 99, 135 Theba'is, the - . xxix, 485, 487, 489; composition of - , 691 Thebe (.c. Thebes), wars of the heroes at - , 16, 151, 223, 225, 227, 841 Thebes, the story of -: treated by the Cyclic poets, xxvill; Oedipus dies-at - , 173; walls of - built by Zethu8 and Amphion, 215, 217, 219, 221, 287; Reracles born at - , 439, 485, 487, 533-j Hypoplacian - , 605 and n. Theban, poems of the - Cycle, xxix; - born (Heractes), 119; wars].. 199 n., 217 n.; womeD, ~19, 487, 489 Theia, dau. of Heaven, S9; w. ot HyperioD, 107; mother of the Cercopes 639 Thelxinoe (or Thelxlope), one of the Sirens, 181 Themis, 79; dau. of Heaven, 89; w. of Zeus, 146; present at birth of Apollo, 331; feedo Apollo with nectar and ambrosia, 333, 413; aided by Ares, 4:33, 449, 489 Them18cyra., betrayed to Heracle8 and Theseus by Antiope, 627 Themlsta, reputed mother of Homer, 569 Themisto, dan. of Nereus, gO Themistono~, dan. of Ceyx and w. ot Crenus, 245 Throqonll, the - , x; structure of - , xi; analysis ot -, xx, xxi TheoJrols, xv, 57 n., 281 n. Theofytus, 'Ri3 Thermodon, the rlver - , 527 Thoro, dau. of Phylas, wedded to Apollo. 25Q TherBander. s. ot Poiyneices, 493 Thersites, in the Aethiopis and the Iliad, xxx; slain by Achilles, 507 Theseus, deserts Ariadne for Aegle, 207; fight, with the Lapithae against the Centaurs, 233; story of - , related by Nestor, 403; Bons of -,519; carries off Helen, 501; loved by Antiope, 627 Thespiae, in Boeotia, xiii Thespians, Ascra destroyed by the - , xiv Thesprotis, adventures of Odysseu8 in. - , xxxiii, 531 Thessaly ruled by the descendants of Deucalion 157 Thessalian authorship of the Great Eoiae, xxv Thestorldas, 469. 635 Thetis uv/97 i ..w, of Peleu, and mothar 0 Acnules, 153; rejects wedlock with Zeus, 185; throws her children into a cauldron, 273 ; tends Bephaestus when cast out of Heaven by Bera, 347 (95, 497; carries off Achilles £0 the White Island, 609, 527 Thoas,211 Thoa, (1)/ dau. of Ner6us, 97; (ll) dau. 0 Ocean, 105 Thoricus 297 Thrace, 41, 211 D., 429 n., 529 Thracian 43, 327, 607 Threefold Pe9ple) the - , (TrIchaikes), of Cre~e 275 Three-legged One, the - , (an old ma.n), 43 . Threshing, 63 and n. Thriae, the - 403 and D. Thronla, w. 01 Arabus, 167 'l'hryon, ford of the Alpheus, 353 Thucydldes, Ilut.hority for the tradiM tion of Besiod's murder at Oenoe, xvii; quotes the Hyt)1,'n to ..Apollo as a ., prelude," xxxiv Thyia, da.u. of Deucalion, 157 Thynus, s. of Phineus, 177 Thyone (Semele), 289 Tigres, the river, in Peloponnesus, 179 TIryns, 101, 169 225 593 Tlmandra, des&!.. Echemus, 191 Tin, smelting ot -, 141 Tltan.klller the - . (the thunderbolt), 66 i INDEX Titanomachy, first poem In tl}e Epic Cycle, disputed authorshIp of- xxix Titans,~ xxi; names of - , 89; derivation of the name, 95; war of - with Zeus, 107, 111; war of - with Olympians, 125 fl., 127 129, 131; Imprisoned In Tartarus, 133,137, 139, 141i 143, 849; ThdVar o/the -,48 ,483 Tltaresia, 233 TlthonU5, f. ot Memnon, 153; story of - and Eos, 421, 423 Tltyos, 173 Tle,en9~, s. of Aey'ytus, 209 Toil, cniId of Strife, 97 Toxeus, (1) s. of Eurytu8, 207; (ll) 8. of Oeneus, 217 Trading by sea 51 TrachlB, xx1~. 245, 258, 255 Tricolonus, ::wI Tretus 103 Triptoiemus, prince of Eleusls, xxvi; instructed by Demeter in the Mysteries, 299, 323 Trito, the river - , 147 Trttogene1a (Athena), 145, 233, 455 Triton, I. of Poseidon and Amphitrite, 149 Troezen, xxx1l1 197, 525J 56gJ 593 Troglodyte (a Mou.e), fi07, 509 Troglodytes, 181 TroUus, slain by Achilles, 495 Trojan, relative date of poems of the - Cycle. to Homer, xxx, 185n. ; - War.. 199 D., 413, 415, 419, 4,95; - ailles, ib., 607, 509, 511, 617,521,585 Troyhonius, xxxvll; bullds temple o Apollo 345; story of - , 631 Tros f. of Ganymedes, 421 Troy xxviii, xxxii; expedition of the heroes to -, 15, 51,267, 411, 491; heroes slam at - , 497; taklng of - foretold by Helenus, 511; dynasty of Aeneas at - , 519 n. ; return of heroes from-, 525 H. 595 Tumult (personified), 231 Treha, dan. of Ocean, 105, 319 Tydeu8, f. of Diomedes, 593 Tyndareus) Incurs the anger of Aphrodite, 191 193; imposes an ea.th on the suiioli" of Helen, 109. ,(41; IOn! of - . 491 Tyndarldae, 441: btrth of - , saviours of ships, 461, 463 Typbaon, xxxvi; wedded to Echidna, 101; story of -,3M· if.: born of Hera, 349 Typhaonium, 223 TYJ?hoeus, xxi; 8. of Earth and lartaru!, 139; destroyed by Zeus, 141 j, f. of the winds, 143, 351 Tyro, dau. of Salmoneus, nil, 163 Tyrrhenia (Etruria), 181 Tyrsenians, 429 n. Twelve Gods, the - , 373 Twin HIlls, tn. - , 211 Undercutter, 305 and n. Uproar (llersonlfied), 231 Urania, (1) one of the Muses, 83; mother of Linus, 276, 319; (ti) dau. of Tethys aLid Ocean. 105 Ureus, a CentaurI 233 Valckenaer, on the subject~matter of the ..Aegimiu8, xxv Vergil, x; his account of the sack of Troy, xxxi, 211 n., 213 n. Vesta, 113 n. Victory, dau. ot Ares, 438 Vlne-pruningJ 45 Vineyards 4b' Vintage, the Beason of - , 49 Wa.terIady (a Frog), 643 Vi-' I1terlarker (8 Frog), 657 Wealth (... aUo Plutus), 475 Weaving the right day for - , 61 White Island, Achilles trallJ!ported by Thetis to the - , 509 Wlnnowing, 47 Wise One, the - , (the Ant), 61 Woe, child of Night, 95 Women, 31, 33, 53, 55; originate: from Pandora, ev11s caused to men by --', 123 Woodcutter, the - , 305 and D. Woodcutting, 33, 36 Work. ana Da1J8, ancient leaden copy of the - Been by Pausanias, xvU; analysis of - , xviii' its aim, moral and not techniCiJ, xix Xanthe, dan. of Ocean, 105 XanthuB, s. ot Midas, 691 XuthUB. I. of HelleD, xxil, ]67 655 INDEX Zacynthus, 865 Zelus (Emulation), •• of Styx, 107 Zenodotu& . of Ephesus, prooable editor or redactor of the Cyclic Poems xxviii Zephyr. 47; B. of Astraeus, 107, 143 Zetes,8. of Boreas, delivers Phineus from the Harpies, 179 and n. Zethus, builds the walls ot Thebes, 215 Zeus (the Son of Cronos, the Father of Men and Gods), Nemean, xvi; punishes the 80ns of Iapetus, xxi ; overcomes Cronos, xxi; causes the Trojan War, xxxU, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxvill, xU; f. of the MuseB, 3; Wdea the means of life from men, 5; hides fire, 7; makes the plagues speechless, 9 ; ends the Silver. Age, 13' makes the Bronze Age, ib. i piaces the heroes in the Isles of the Blessed, 15' makes the Race of Iron, 15 ; wui destroy the Race of Iron, 17 ; punishes injustice, 21; his guardian spirits among men, 21 ; the eye of - , 23; blesses the righteous, 25; his anger against sinners, 27 ; giver of wealth, 31 ; sends the autumn rains, 33, 53 57; days appointed for specia1 work by - , 69 ; turns the Hyadea into stars, 67; f. of Areas by Callisto, 69; entertained by Lycaon 71 ; places Orlan amongst the stars. 71; hymned by the Muses" '{9, 81; weds Mnemosyne, ti3 ; patron of tJrlnces, 85, 105; accompanied by Craws and Bia, 107; honours Styx, 109; honours Hecate, 109, 111; s. of Rhea and Cronos, 113 ; birtn ot -, 115 j aets up the stone swallowed by Cronos at Pytho 116 ; punishes Menoetius and Prometheus, appoints Atlas to uphold Heaven, 117; befooled by Prornethena at Mecone, 119 ; hides :fire from men, orders creation of pandora! 121, 123; fights with the T tans, 129: weapons of -,131; Imprisons the Titans in Tartarus, 133; Benda In. to fetch the water of Styx, 135 i destroys Typhoeua, 1S9 tr.; assigns to the gods their portions, 143; weds Metis, lb.; swallows her, ib., 145; weds Themis, Eurynome, Demeter Mnernosyne, Leto, ib.; gives Persephone to Atdoneua, w.; swallows Metis, 147; gives birth to Athena, 149; f. of Hermes by Main, of Dionysus by Semele, of Heracles by Alcmena, 149, 153, 155; f. of Graecus by Pandora, of Macedon by Thyia, 157; CUIse of - on Gla.ucuB, 159, 161; carriea off Europa, 171; lord of Aenos, 179, 183; rejected by Thetis, 187; f. of the Dioscuri, 191, 193, 199 ' plana to destroy the race a1 mortals, 201, 203; sceptre of - , 205; creates men out of stones for Deucalion, 209; slays Ascleplus, 213; founds an oracle at Dodonn, 215, 219; weds Alcmena, 219, 221; begets Heracles, 223, 225, 227, 229{ 233, 235, 243, 247, 249; I. 0 Argos, 257; transports Endymlon to Heaven, 261, 269, 271 i seduces 10, 271 ; changes tht' name of Abantis to Euboea, 273 j gifts of - to Bons of Aeacmlo and Atreus, 277, 281 ; t. of Dionysus, 287, 289; suffers Pluto to carry off Persephone, 291; sends Iris to Demeter,,311 ; lends Hermes to bring KerBephone back from Hades, 313, 315, 317, 819; sends Rhea to Demeter, 321, 323; welcomes Apollo, 325, 335, 837, 339, 345 ; gives birth to Athena, 347, 349, 356, 357, 361!,. 363; f. of Hermes, 865, 367. 3TI, 379; judges between Apollo and He~es, 387393, 395 i giver of gift of prophecy to Apollo, 397, 401, 403; confirms the prerogatives of Hermes, 405; honours Bestia, casts love for Anchises on Aphrodite, 409, 411, 419; carries off Ganymedes, 421; Rromises EOB immortality for Tlthonus, 421, 427, 429, 433; husband of Hera, 437 ~ 439; f. of the Dloscuri, f. of Hermes, 441, 443. 445; confers with Themis, 449 ; the support of kings, f. of Dionysul, INDEX 461' bears Athena, 456: t. of CallIope, 459; f. of Pandla by Selene, 461 ; f. of the Tyndaridae, 461 463; t. of the river Hermus, 467" the god of guests, 469, 471; sender of snow, 473; dnnces, 481; invoked by Oedipus to destroy his sonS, 485; plans the Trojan War, 489; gives the Dio5Curi partial immortality, 491; plans to relieve the Trojans, 495' plans to r6lieve the overburdenod ea.rth, swears Thetis 15hall wed 8. mortal, "97; f. of Helen by Nemesis, 499, 601, 606, 507; recompenses Laomedon for Ganymedes 516; tomb of - , 517 ; Rerceius, W., 621; gives the Palladium to Dardan us, 523: punishes Tantalus, 529, 639, 547, 553, 556, 561; sends Crabs to aid the Frogs against the Mice, 563; tomb of - , 573, 577, 581; destroys Hesiod's murderers, 589 a.nd ptU.im.

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