Grammar Works 2 Student's book

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,UNIVERSITY

PRESS

P U B L I S H E D B Y T H E P R E S SS Y N D I C A T E O F T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A M B R I D G E

The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street,Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street,New York, NY 10011-4211,USA Australia 477 W'ilia:rrrstownRoad, Port Melboume, ]/1lC.3207, Ruiz de Alarc6n 13,28014Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001,South Africa http :/ / www.cambridge.org @Cambridge University Press1998 This book is in copyright. Subjectto statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agteements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press' First published 1998 Fourth printing 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press,Cambridge A cataloguerecordfor this bookis aztailable from the Btitish Library ISBN 0 521.555418 Student's Book ISBN 0 521 626250 Teacher'sBook

It wss rising from the seo

32

review:presentcontinuous

Whichone wos driving?

34

We'regoing to stort a bond

past continuousquestionforms; which ... ?: one/ones

Areyou lozyor hordworking?

past continuousaffirmative and negative;past simplecontrastwilh while/when

review:presentsimple,havegot

Whotore they thinking about?

review:going to

He is the pilot thot built the smollestplone

Did Columbus find the Eost?

pronounswho, whrch,that in defining relatrve relativeclauses

review:past simple

Moveslowly and corefully

I reollyenjoyedmyself

adverbsof manner

Missingmeolsis bodfor you'

14

t-6 Checkpoint

t6

Will yougo to Mors?

t8

fulure will

Weshouldn't woste energy should

I won't be oble to live without you

42

could/couldn't: will/won't be able to

Checkpoint ry-$

44

Smithoskedher wherethe robotwas

46

+8

must;haveto, can for permission

24

The work hos been hord

5o

presentperfectsimpleaffirmativeand negative; just, already,yet

nouns; countableand uncountable (much/many), enough,not enough too

26

Wherehoveyou put the chocolotes?

52

presentperfectsimplequestionforms;ever... ?

as ... as, adjectives; comparative and superlative n o t a s . . . a s , .. . t h a n

28

with adjectives and superlative comparative more and most

Checkpoint7-t2

4o

Youmust comehomeof 7o.3o

presentcontinuouswith futuremeaning; nobody, something,anywhere

Itl the best!

I usedto forgeteverything!

negativeand questionforms used to affrrmative,

reportedspeech

Are you doing onything next Saturdoy?

Thebiggest in the world!

t8

Reflexiveand emphaticpronouns;each other

gerunds

Thereoren't enoughgirls

36

If he isn't fit, he won'tploy in the big match

54

firstconditional

3o

Honeyis eateneverywhere passive- presentand past simple

S6

Checkpoint 79- 24

S8

Grammarreference

6o

Wordlist

77

Thonks ond ocknowledgements

8o

Findsentences withand, btlt, oF,so in Sue'sletter.Whntda thewards meanTNowptrt gnd,btat,or, so in befow" thesentences 1 The two boys areJames

b wrfte tke naynes of tke peaplein the photo"

L

t\tea can saaMe and rvrg In tha photo,gou.

t:,0"11: ;;,;^iltnatattboY, ,1,:"1i"^ burn:f:#.,:H:lY-:,'. cteve( sforr, bog bahindt

The lta's +tt studits science and hardworking' tha so ha can Lookat got a teLascoPa' sclancaPrograMM@s stars' ftc onlg watchas rr

, , ', , :

i 2 Suelovesmusic, an instrument. Paulo? 3 ls heJames hewatches 4 Helikesscience, scienceprogrammes. 1

A

Completethe cha

5A

with thp mrp
simnpf e.

+ atfirmative

tl

she pLags an Intcrzstingparson' a *"ttu: I don'tPLag tha drurvrs' Lovc I ,Lessons' rnant I but ,natrut"nt' a gultar' gultaf Muslc,so 1 want too? rvruslc gour-Lika Wl^'"tabout'o" oo Do gouLika Do gouplagan Lnstrurvtent? What Ara 9o* Lazgor hardworking? schooL? ttne? do ufoudo Lngourltae

"i*;'.

Paulo. shedoesn'tplay

an instrument,

She

- negative I

aninstrument. She

? question you

aninstrument? she

b Findthe -s rmsaf theverbsbelaw in Sr,re's Netter. 1 love 2 study

3 watch 4 play

C Nowwritethe -s rm af theverbs belaw. 1 teach

2 carry

3 stay 4 like

dtr

se,'lte,/Tces. Usemmd,bMt,E!',s8. Areyou lazy?Areyou hardworking? A,'0, jao laaj or hod"'to1n,y7. 2 Hehasn'tgot a bike.Hewalksto school.

r t$refi$,iswers ffi writeouestiCIrxs helowmhou,rt the fetter exercise 5" Whof is hu nw^a?. Hernameis Rhian. She'sthirteenyearsold.

ls it snowing? 3 ls it raining? Shelivesin Wales. j He'sgot a brokenleg.He can't playfootball. ShewatchesTV and writesshortstories, 5 I 'ms m a l lI.' ms t r o n g . Yes,shedoes.Shelikesanimals. : Shestudiesmusic.Sheplaysthe piano. She'sgot two - a rabbitand a hamster. No.shedoesn't!Shehatesit!

Connplete fhe letterto ,q,$$maguzime. Usethev€rbsbefow W be don't like hate havegot keep live love watch write

HifMgname is (l) Rhian. I [2]thirteen gearsold. I [3)ona fann

in Wales. We [4)cowsandsheep, andI tb)a petraDDit anda hamster. InmgfneefimeI 16)TVanO [?]shortstories. I [8)musicanddancing. I (e) honewonk, I flO)itt Please miteandsenda photo.

fn exe,.cise 6. Y L00kst the questionns nndwritec ChanEe thenmswers lettenohout u. ttil l'^

pruwKkffi bus'He often Tim alwaysgoesto schoolby on his left' andhe looksout of the buswrndow night' on the way seesfour pet shops'At shopson hisright' How home,he seesfour pet manYPet shoPsare there?

Ln*f<*f tlrc p*J;rfimg. ReotA the l" ny;auttt"

The Lastof England' bYFordMadoxBrown Whatis thispainting' about asKquesllons always People inthePicture? happening butwhere ona ship' aresitting Themanandthewoman oristheshipsailing home' Aretheycoming aretheygoing? isfoodfora longlourney' there in ttnt ofthem, u*uyl " issheholding? hand Whose hands' Loofutthewoman's hercoatl under islYrng HerbabY a newlife?Whyaretheysad?, Aretheybeglnning ontheshipWhatare utthepasengers ff.r,ii. nottoofing about? f*f,'ngatl Whataretheythinking if.r.1l

b W&rmt do Mthfnk?WrfteI t*rirak tt{et f trdorn'tt&e[m[c t$,lmthefow. the shipis sailingaway. they are

in thet

"1" in exercise

1 look

3 lie

2come_

4sit

,

b Nowwritethe-frxrg,'rxns of theverbs befow. 1 drive 2 die

3 jump 4 run

4

Look at the pictures. whatis wrong? Usetheverbsbelowandcomplete the sentences. 1 eat 2 listen 3 lie 4 take 5 walk

Jno's .onfrnq '., . \J ..a sandwich. to the teacher.

down. a photo. :)

onthegrass.

5

with her Complete Sue'sconversation littfesister.

paintpictures? 1 Doyousometimes :

I'

now? Areyoupainting

? (1 do)

(2paint) a picture of (3walk)in

a gid.She thepark, O h ,l s e e , (4cry) No, (5shout)

whv

Whatareyouwearing? 4 Doyoualwaysweara uniformat school?

. She

5 Whatareyoudoing? ? (6 shout)

she

Because herdogs (7run)away.They (Bchase)a bigdog. 3.;r: Ahlls thisthebigdog? ',iry: No!That'sa womanlShe (9 look)forthegirl. Areyoustupid,Sue?

ti

areyougoingto foryourbirlhday?

Whenis yourbirthday, Sue?

Yes,she'sgoingto learnthepiano,andthenwe're goingto starta band,We'regoingto buysome newclothes, andwe'regoingto dyeourhair!

l'm goingto start pianolessons,

plnmsT fkocse bVhnffr!.efhe stmdemts' nfjobs beferw"

choicesr theirexaw

G at

o 0

4

o o

o

o a

o aa

() = = E i5 ,\

q)

interpreter musician scientist writer artist fuetr 's qoinq (o bu a dockor. 1 Ann U U 2 Ben 3 Liz 4 AbdulandSue

,\

5 Tansy 6 Tim \,

8

Now fookot the ilr rmatianin exercise 3 mgainand writesemtences plans. aboutthestr,ldemts' str.ldy

4

Ann'sgoi13 sfu{ mrtsic.

Reodthe conversation in exercise 1 5 again Writequestions. "

buy dye ,g4 learn start ls 5u goty fu Jot o p,tsu(l Yes.sheis.

Ben

3 Liz A band. - AbdulandSue Newclothes,

5 Tansy

5 At rv"enrYe$r,Uritishpeoplemske

pln*ls{resolL*tions} nboutthingst}r areEainqto elnsr *rotds mext 6Y" comnpfete t$'re ecmversmtfopr" Usethe present simple, thepresent contimunus or &o$trlg waJ qortd,oinq u

nextyear.

(1 do),Sue? 12 rrrrrito\a lici

I always My NewYear'sresolutions. (4 argue) withmy littlesister. (5 stop).AndI (6 bite)myfingernails. /7 nrantica'l iha

you

pianoeveryday.

(Bhavegot)anyresolutions? (9eat)junk

food,butnextyearI (10eat)healthy food, (11do)myhomework, Oh,yeslI (12forget) friends'birlhdays, Oh,good!When Er?

(13be)mine?

PT*KMKK Sueis goingto cut her birthdaYcake' She'sgoingto cut the cakeinto five Pieces with three straight cuts.EverYPlecels goingto havetwo Where rs cherries. shegoingto cut the cake?Draw the cuts'

Now lookat thein rmationin exencise 3 aqainand writesentences abautthe students' studyplans.

1

*9na's nof qotnq 1 Ann's qoinq fu sfuAlbioloqu. fu '-\J---\J

---

\J

\J

'tr , l?endtke eomvep'sntiovr imexercise aqnrn" Writequestions" buy dye gd

learn start

1 ls Sua3oingfu Jot o pnsu(?. Yes.sheis. The piano,

3 Liz A band.

4 AbdulandSue Newclothes.

5 Tansy No,Sueis not!

p€fip,e rfifiNce Af tuawYc{ar,mi.i{:is}:

pfe;l*rs nb*utthimgs they {resofu,rtioms} Afg A AinA :rvrrlYJ vltu

n r r rnl vnl l tL O v vdl C v vl

nextyear"

rin n pvt \tf7f. llL/\L vlv Jrl

{.isethe eeirng:fete tfneecrlversfifion. fhe present ?resentsimple., cantinuaus 0r gsing ts. ': What

arayoo doi,tg

(1 do),Sue? (2write)a list.

Hi,Ki m I, What

(3 be)it?

I always My NewYear's resolutions. (4 argue) withmy littlesister. (5 stop).And (6 bite)myfingernails. (7 practise) AndI the

pianoeveryday.

you (Bhavegot)anyresolutions?

(9eat)junk Well,I usually food,butnextyearI (10eat)healthy food (11do)myhomework. Oh,yes!| (12forget)friends'birlhdays, Oh,good!When (H,t:

Er?

/1 Q h a\ rnina? uv,/ rrilrrvi \rv

PXJKKKK Sueis gotngto cut her birthdaYcake' She'sgoingto cut the cakeinto five Pieces with three straight cuts.EverYPlecets goingto havetwo cherries'Where is

7o aeadthetextaboutColumbus. turdrheEasri Noheddnl burhe - DidColumbus ioundde Caribbean hlands. and6enSouriAmedca.

b rind tenpastsimpleaffirmative formsin the text.Listthermbelowandwritetheir infinitive. 'I

*od

2

10

5

2 o completethe sentences from the text in thepastsimple6ffirmative(+), negative(-) andquestion forms. + He in Lisbon. - ThePortuguese

whv

Columbus he

J

him. the East? Spanishships?

rcokat thepicturefr,ndwrite visitto 6 sentences aboutJames's usetheverbsbelow. museumenjoy go leave see travel Jli8if

b Nowput thewordsin the correct orderandmakesentences. @ lSortnnrxtlcar I tounoI Easi tridnl-^*Jn E

sail

1 LastSaturday,James

_ l.*it- El Elq llx,esi"-il

3 4 5 6

E EjLqil l-!!etr-

10

'ttsifui

a museum.

withhisfather. bytrain. Historyroom. the Caribbean at 5.30. hisday.

tookat the picturesandwrite positiveor negativesentences about visit.Usetheverbsbelow. Jdmes's

(

6

completethe informationfromthe caribbeanRoom6t the museum. l)se the verbsbelowandthe past simpleor thepresent simple. be be be build build Jintr tish give give grow live live live make meet speak speak speak

see watch read buy 86 1 JwsAS d.td^ ( o,o ft

$a nsfuuatn(.

2 3 J

5

5

Ldter,oaulois asking lamesabout hisvisitto themuseum. Usethe answersin exercise 3 to write Paulo's questions. Usethewordsbelow. Did How What JAIW When Who

VJhalAd uo,t,rck?

Do u visitplaces?Lookatthe 7 questions in exercise 5 againand

Columbus (1)

fuu^d

theCaribbean islardsin 1492, Abour4OO,0OO people (2) theArawaks andthecaribs. These people (j) boars and(4) for food First,Columbus (5) theArawakson theBahamas. TheArawaks (6) Spanish, andColumbus (Z) theArawaklanguage. BurtheArawaks (8) veryfriendly. Colurnbus (9) thempresents, andrhey(10) himandhisnen food. TheArawaks(11) goodfarmers. They(12) corn,sweet potatoes, beans andothervegetables. They(13) roois fromstone, shells andbone.They(14) smallhouses fronwoodand(15) in villages. Today, there(16) 260,000 people on lheBahamas. Manypeople (17) in towns,andtheyusually(18) English.

writeaboutyour lastvisit.

stoppedI cameback I wentto New Yorkand I didnt go Whatamtt because

7O neadtheinformation aboutowls. yesor no. b Answer 1 Doowlshavegoodears? 2 Areowlsquiet? 3 AreLittleOwlsslowrunners?

dBarn owtshuntat

nigf l:::lg:l 50 youdon'torenseethem. fitfle O*ii nuntn thedayloo,\o vou , an.qethql .,1y

Lookat the adiectives bel'c,w. Findtheiradverbsin the text. Adjectives careru comfortable easy

Ilo

last

fast

good

gooo

parenl

high

writ adverbs below. fortheadiectives l[st

norsy_ silent

b ruowwritesentences aboutthe picturcs. Usetheadverbs above and

qurer silent

the verbsbelow.

slow

climb eat fly move Cheetahs

J

took atthe differentspellingsfor the adjectives and adverbsin exercise 2. write the adverbsfor the adjectives below.

'l busy oangerous beautiful 4 simple

2 Eagles

3 Tortoises 4 Pigs

nappy orave

5 Snakes

special gentle

6 Monkeys 12

^.lrrBstt.

J

tookat the sentences with adlectives. Rewrite themwith adverbs.

She'sa carefuldriver. 6 She'sa fastridei. rider.

3"e.fu,rlsti'L$t|l.

7 He'sa hardworker. Hewasa badpainter.

8 She'sa terriblewriter.

Theyareloudsingers. I He was a good actor.

They'renoisyeaters.

9 He'san excellentcook.

O complete Lhesentences below.usea different adverbfor eachsentence.

/

g getdus easy fasi hard loud patient quiet slow

write senlences abouLyou. use adverbs andtheverbsbelow. 1 work 2 sing 3 run 4 cook 5 ride 6 speakEnglish

' Paulocrashedhisbikebecausehe rodeit dotqarwslu : Paulodidn'tpassthetest becausehedidn't worK ' Jamesdidn'tthinkthatthetestwashard.He passedit I Kimwasan hourlatebutSuewaited

puE

: Kimplaysdrums . The neighbours don'tlikeii! : Suepractises the pianoin theevening. Herlittle sisteris in bed,so sheplays Paulolikessports.Hecanrun

The madProfessor - dances excellentlY - eatsfast - movesnoisilY - ridesslowlY' - swimsterribly' the Piano? How doeshe PlaY I well 2 quietlY 3 badlY

a Sue'sfatherarrivedlatebecausehe drove

13

t

writethe -ingforms(gerunds) of the verbsbelow.PLttthemin thecarrect sentences.

Readthe canversction. K l V ]H , P a u o Whatareyou readfg?

e

frut andvegetab esis goodforyou.Not cookfg witho s a goodideaMssingnreals s badlor you I hatemissngmeasOh,and exerclsing is mportant too greatl Kr',rHealthy llvnglYeah, Let'sgoswmmngL PAULoi OK,butl'm hungry et'shavesomefood frst.Bufger andchips... KN/ Oh PauoL

1 Catsdon'tlikewaterand hate 2

6

Lool< 6t theadvice 6bouthealthy livingfromPaulo's book.complete theaffrmative andnegatives sentences.

DON'T I 2 3 4

1 It'sabouthealthy withoil is a goodidea.

Add -ing to the correctverb.Ihen p u l t h Pw o r d \i n l h e ( o r r e ( lo r d e r and mal<esentences. alout ineoook healthyfood healthyfood

goodfor you

is

3 badfor you not healthyfood

1 2 3

!*,-

4

eat

5 6 7 ggll

on the beach.

up lateis badfor you. to bedearlyis a goodidea.

5

L o f f i p l e LI hees e n t e n ( ef rso mt h e t e x l .

3

tha ni.n^

4 Pauloloves

fruitandvegetables 2 cooking withoil 3 exerctstng

mealsis badfor you.

sv.JiM,ri^J

3 Sue'snewhobbyis

'I

2

s!.irrsrsiu

fastis dangerous.

A r et h e t h i n g sb e l o wg o o dor badfor yoLt?write good or bqd.

2

stay learn swrm

dnve go

PAULoilts abouthealthy ivfg. Foodls mportart.Eating

cooku/rtho!l smoke eat sweets drinkcoffee

N& toakJ J

DO 5 6 ? E

exerciseoften eat reguarLy eat frLriland vegetabes 8hoursanrghr sLeep6

withoil is good. is bad. sweetsis good. coffeeis good, oftenis bad. regularlyis bad. fruit and vegetablesis

good. 6-8 hoursa nightis bad.

Readtheconversation in exercise 1 agoinand complete thesentence. swim

Nowcomplete thesentences below. Usethecorrect formof go + gerund. swim lastweek. Sheswamonekilometre. 2 Sue swtm She'sdoingherhomework. Sue swim week? every .1 Sue swim yesterday. Shewasill.

Complete thesentences. Usegerunds of theverbsbelowwithg o i n t h e correctform . camp

cycle

joS

shop

Lastsummer, ,Ju( intheseaeveryday.

l Sue

lwantsomenewclothes. Lets

Let'sgetheathyl Let's

'vegota bikenow,so I m gongto {

t;1' lvy auntovedthecountrys de and Ofien

V wnotdoyouthink?Writesentences. Usetheverbsbelowasgerunds. .amp drinkcoffee exercise shop smoke :xamples:

4hta ti"af @-pi,'lJis i&ons(q1loxiftjl fulbo*g.

and shopping The friendsaregoingswimming' cyclingWhat is eachpersongoingto do? Entc. I'm notgolngcYcttng' I'm not goingswimming' Jet'.,tesr SuE: The boysarentgolngshoPprng KtM: Sueis goingswimmtng Eric

James

Sue

Km

LeeMurrays tn the Brittshband Let Loose.Reori Lees answersand writethe qrlestions.

for breakfast. I eatcereal

Lookat thepicture.Complete the sentences belowwiththe correct form af thepresent simple or continuous

i

(1 be)at theYouth (2play)table tennis. (3win).Jamesand (4argue)about (5agree).

Thefriends a/p, Club.Paulo Healways Kim compulers. Theynever Sue

I Nowwrjteyour answersto the qrJestions. 1 2 3 4 5

(6 watch)a video,but

she

(7 enjoy)it because

she

(8 like)horrorfilms.She (9 love)adventurefilms.What the otherpeople ( 1 0d o ) ?

write sentences about the pictLlres. Usegoing to + verD and the presentcantinuous with so or because. 11,'s ,?hi^.J kain), so sha'sjoi,g lo ,.toa' (\ (study)French

(go)to a caf6 (have)lunch. (snowJ!

((

(stay)at home.

to Franceon holiday. 16

the b Nowcomplete thetextwith theverbs +g Lookat the mapof AlexTnder creat'siourney.Complete the questions below. Usethepastform. aboutAlexander. Usethe question A:te go go have live stop teach visit fi wordsbelow-

When Where Who t 2 3

Who

W hisfatheP he live? histeacher? he go?

vJeS

l

j

,"./@s (1)the sonof King Alexander (21 Philipof Macedon. He (3) from365to 323BC.Aristotle himmathsandscience.At 22,Alexander andhis (4)to CentralAsia.He men (5)Indiabut he (6)to China.He (7)at Tashkent. (8)a longlite.He Alexander {9)at 32!

C Nowunderline theanswers to the quesrons.

eut*e wordsbelowin the correctplace. Writea wordwiththeopposite meaningand complete the ch6rt. dangerouSgood slow quietly Adjectives

do'yorus

,r,'6Jl

Adverbs 64lutrs!

h_

J CompleLe Lhesentences belowwithwods fromLhecharL in exercise 5. Thenrewriteeachsentence with a qerund. Hedrives It1yr t! tiis /ari{J 6 /olgo,.o,rs Shecooks

3 Shesings I Hereads

<\\ tr@

7o Beadthe maqazine tex.

b Arethesepictures of thefuture? wnte yesor no.

lurfuturein

soPeople ontheN/oon, and won'tliveoutside, lt wrththen'r sothey'lltake flomEarth.

tsa tobotonl\4als There issojoumer now.ltsnarne in1997 Wesentit tol\ila|5 thinkthatn Butscientists willvislt thefutLrre, PeoPle lind wlll They N,4a6

3

too When otherPlanets travelto thlngs wiLlthese

the sentences from thetext.

5

complete theideasaboutlitein the year2025.Writeaffirmativesentenc with wiff andtheverbsbelow.

be do fly have JM visit people 10,000,000,000 vJilllvo

citieson the Moon.

thesethingshappen?

b nowputthe wordsin thecorrect orderandmakesentences.

+ liiavetto ] tFeopbl[M-ta]@ on the Moon

@tirdFon!Farl

?@@@tilspacef

@ trnatlF"?l[.h"yl

There thesea. Children spaceships. People Robots difficultwork. 6 Children

pers.

on Earth. citiesunder

Saturn. our robotsfor

abouthisfuture. 5 o ,ouis asking

ln Nowcompletetheseideasaboutlife in 2025.writenegative sentences withwill andtheverbsbelow.

and answers. complete thequestions usetheverbsDetow. oe oo go go have have live travel ldsif

be die _gid grow live rain

'Children

to school. on Earth. , so there anywateron the Earth,

aoa'l jo

People It People

old.

(1) othercountries?

They

l2l.

b oo youaqreewith theideasin exeroses 3 and4?

(3)? (4)an astronaut. (5)to otherplanets.

j

writ" questions for thesedhswers cboutthefuture.lJsethequestion

(6)to the Moon? (7).You (8)to Mars!

wordsbelow. How What When jryhe-reWho whv

(9)a longlife? (10). You (11)to 100- andyou (12)eleven children! (13) !

v,ltw ,.taluu7. "till We'llliveon the Moon.

We'llliveinsidebecause wecan'tliveoutsideon theMoon.

/ We'lltravelby spaceship. willbuildspacestations. Astronauts we'llfindthe robot.Solourner, on Mars. It willhappenin thefuture. Bobwillbe 17. On Alis 13thbirthday, 19' Celiawillbe On Bobs2lstbirthday, How oldwiil Celiabeon Ali's2lst birthdav? 79

writ sentences aboutyourfuture.

$houlrlwesaueeneFgg?

7o neadthetext. b eretheseideas goodor bad?

/-{ts..

'1 Weshouldn't walkor cyc|e. 2 Weshouldn't travelby journeys. caron short

tii--,,--'

Mostcountries usecoal,oil andgas to makeenergy. In somecountries, peopleusewood to heattheirhomes. All Ihe\eformsof energy cause pollurion. Whatshouldwedo? * lVe shouldn'twasteenergy

3 Weshouldtakebaths, notshowers. Weshouldturnoff lights.

2a

* Weshouldtakeshowers, not baths.

not n thesentence par6 below. . to gavehot water. . to heattheirhomes. . to stoppollution.

Peopleusewood Peoplesaveenergy Somepeopletakeshowers

b Nowcompletethe sentence with make,useandto. Somecountries

J

thewind

energy.

completethe sentences. usethe coffecIformof a verbfiom list A witha verb from

listB to complete thesentences. A buy getup ride stayup !s6

2 Yesterday she 3He 4He 5 Shealways 6 Let's

B go Dal<6 read save take watch

visit

a natureprogramme on TV. jogging.

late

earlytomonow hisgrandma everyday herdogfor a walk, herbiketo school energy. a book aboutpollution. 20

the sentences J,A complete fromthe tn exerose 1.

thelexL.useshouldl O complete shouldn'tandtheverbsbelow.

takeshowers. travelby car we saveenergy? we do?

What

close do help keep recycle save JhiflK turnoff use waste

b Nowput thewordsin the correct orderand makesentences. I

energy save should shouldn't they baths should take

should a,

t

aboutthepictures. 5 writesentences useshouldI shouldn't and the verbs

-

,,--

lhtnk 0l threedtllerenLLntnqswe

do to helpour shouldlshouldn't planet.

Detow. bite Fl€s6 drive drop play turnoff 1 He shatlddosa, door. the

u

2 She thetap. 3 They litter. I She fast. 5 They with matches.

aHe hisfingernails.

a

t

a river He's got hts A farmer is goingto cross verv small,so he cano rhe goa!wrtn 1ne hrm.He shoLrldnileave

I

7O ericis telephoninghis fnend Liam.Re6dtheir conuersntion. ERIc:Hello,Li LAM: Hi,Eric. parents ERcl l\y'y aregoingawaynextweekend. They're visiting somebody. quietly? LAN.4: Whyareyouspeaking EFc: Because l'mgoingto havea party- bLtI can'taskthem.They'll sayno. LAN4:A secretpady.They'll beangry EBc:Theywon'tknow- nojhing willgciwronglAreyoudoinganlthingnextSaturdaf LAM:Oh,so Yes,lam. l'mgoingsomewhere withmyparents. l'mnotdoing

/ f

an\,thing on Sunday. HowaboutSunday? ERo:Yeah, 0K. l'lltellKi0 andSub'and... everybodyl LAM:OK.l'l seeyouon Sunday.

b tookat thesesentences from the convelation. Aretheytalking aboutthe presentor the fu\)re? 1 They'revisitingsomebody.

2 Tm goingsomewhere.

Complete the chaft with wordsfrom the conveBqtion. person

place

anybody

anywhere

nooooy

nowhere

thing something

everywhere

Jo

complete thesentences fromthe

convers1tion + They're visiting

- l'm notdoing ? Areyoudoing

eveMhing

b Nowcomplete - We'renotmeeting He'snotgoing ? ls hegoing Areyoumeeting

6

with different the sentences Complete pronouns. indeflnite

ll

about nextweek.Usethe words pronouns to belowand indeflnite ersation. completetheir conv

at the door. 2 He alwaysstaysat home.He nevergoes 1 Listen!There's

,ornois tllkingto a sportswriter

sotlt e,

pRoNouN you / do / TNDEFTN|rE /next week?

Aajot doi,y uy!h;,ym*( "uJr1.

In my

I can'tsee.There's eye. 1 Please findit! Look wasterrible. 5 Hishomework waswrong. wasveryboring, Yesterday happened. Whereareyougoing? I'mstayinghere.

2 Y e sl,/ g o / L o n d o n . pRoNouN? 3 you/ play/ tenniswith / TNDEFTNTTE pHoNouN. 4 I / play/ Fridaywith / TNDEFTNTTE pRoNouN / after London? 5 you / go / TNDEFTNTTE 6 No,l/ come/ home/ USA.

J

torro scottis d tennisplayentookat herdiaryfor nextweek.writeabout Usetheverbs herarr1ngements. aboutyour write sentences arrangements forthefuture. lL ^Wry "J lzl.^d Example; longh(.

0etow. arr\Ve

\^

Rraa+\4c -lr Mt

/

\,,\< \cn(r<\ re-h<.

mipad_ p\a1 f\.1

ftat<,I^ homc

on06 fly meet play practise walcn tn on Monday, she'sarnlr:g London. tennis OnTuesday, allday.

andZX2 Therearetwo compuwrslXl ,7Xl ls everyihlnq rmatlonl ,,r"^uan,u"raorr"aa'n alwaYs eivestatse ,ru". ZX2 ,, b'ok"n'uno whrcn ,.f.'.marion;nothingistrue B\rr

OnWednesday, themenbgames, hermotherandlather OnThursday, ner.

sovo'canl know ll.t","' -b-"ti*" lltiit ti' oonr computer--

Voutan askone -o'n" unurtt,ngt I Write yourqtrest'on qu"*ion -nna

OnFriday, match. they OnSaturday, hometo the USA. 23

7o *ic is havinghis par1y.Readthe qirls. COnVerSq OnS.i Yes,theres. lt'sonthetabe. Therearen'tenough I thinkihatthere's enough

rm nungry. lsthereany food?

s enough saadbutthere . areony sevensandwiches.

ldon't kethisdrink. It'stoosweet.There s toornuchsugar.

t. lt'snot oudenough

I

NolTheneiohbours !1/illhea

b enswerthequestions with yesor no50

C Lookat the recipe Eric'spany.Match

cneese eggs milk onrons salt/ pepper

Countable Uncountable

rhp ni.f|'rp<

enough I I toomuch notenough

2o 1 2 3 4

b Lookat therecipe. Nowlookat the pictures of foodfor therecipe. write sentences. Usetoo much,too many, enough,not enough.

completethe sentences from the tedc with too or enough.

There Therc There There

There There There There

./

tomatoes

satao.

-{\c\a.\\

grrls. sugar.

sandwiches.

IOO

girls.

nor

sugar.

o'\'os'

S"Rsii

DOyS.

rco not

(

?-"+s*'os

b Nowcomplete thesefolsgsentences aboutthep6fty. 1 2 3 4

Lookat the nouns.Arethey countabIe or uncountabl e?

Arethereanysandwiches? ls Sue'sdrinksweet? DoesKimthinkthatthe musicis loud?

\am wo.loo ,",uy gs.

DOyS.

24

orderto ll a cut thewordsin the correct makesenlences fromtheconversotton 1. in exercise

6

usethe sentences. completethe below. adjectives heavy hot serious sunny lwedf

.rr""I Fg"J!!!q

71,@'sloo ^!$

sugar.

ll's laa s"to*

, !9rl L",1g!Sht ["rE ltl

cold watel in the bath.

Nowput thesewordsin lhe correct Match orderand mokesentences. themwiththe Pictures. hot isn't lt enough

picturesin the book.

rainydaysin Britain.

hot lt's too waterin the buckets. enough hot lt's

WriteaboutYourtown.Usetoo, enough,not enough.l]sethewods J

llsetoo' enough, writesentences. not enough.

. Thiscoffeeis fine.

kt s'radoogh.

belowto help. big busy cinemas exciting

(sweet)

2 | can'tdo mYhomeworlc (difficult) 3 Paulo'slittle brothercan't drivea car. (old)

l

c

Thisjumperis the rightsize. It Thedogcan'tcatchtherabbit. Therabbit (fast) Kimcan'ttindherbook.

(bis) wordsin the square Findfoodanddrink

(tidy) Hehatesplayingbasketball. (tall)

ffiHaveYousot tz Youshouldhave enough?

7o

Beadthe student'snotesabout dinosaurs.

b matchthe nameswith the pictures.

(v]ilLion to Di,nosaursli,vadfroM 210 gcars ago mi,Lti,on -

z o kad the sentences below.and write A, B snd c on the circles.

orderand mqkesentences.

l ElEEtiha"lF;axtl 2EEtisn'tlE|im"rr-lE Matchthe corredendingswith the adiectives. big ' large. long . heavy. tall .

. . . . .

-er/ -est -ger/ -gest -ier/ -iest -rl-st -er/ -est

rules? what arethespelling

65

!^tastha tallast dinosaur' 1 ThaUltrasaurus I{ das 18rvrtatl i

'1: lt wasas hcavgas alcPhants hadtha LonqestnecR 3 ThaMamcnchisaurus It was10rvrlong as tall as thc 4' TheTgrannosuruswasn't taqth uitr"""rrr., ut it hadthc bigqest Thcawara15cmandvargsharP

J

thechartbelow. complete

adjective

comparative superlative thecheapest

thefriendllest

thenicest

Il

usethe wordsbelowandwrite sentences with comparatives.

A whale An elephant

s btqaul+a ^ r"ortutq. K nol os lall dlttrdlfl,,

A tortoise A cat

(rarygrralle,

(sloMcat) (tasvcheetah) (friendly/lion) (small/tortoise)

A dog

A mouse A monkey

J

(big/monkey)

C\+#{ (strong/elephant)

completethesesentences from a book about dinosaurs. and (2) {Aa^ (3)elephants rfielargedinosaurs!.lils (1) larter (6) (5)giraffes. (4) rfie compsotnalhus tall (10)small (9) (8)dinqsaur. lt small (11)dioosaur butit (13)big (12) IheBrachiosaorus (1s) (18)

(16)big (19)large

(17)theBluewhale. TheBluewhale (20)animal inlheworldtoday.

./

O Lookqt the informationbelowand write sentences aboutthe uK. Thetop ten in the UK London

long vets

tall huildings

old universities

TheSevern 354kn

Wharf Canary 21um

Oxford 1249

Londoa s lla fu3ul u+j.

1

2 3

/

ch people ll Elizabeth fl00 nillion

4

5

Nowwriteaboutyour country. t\,t bWNug.

what BeforeCookfoundAr-rstralia' islandin the world? : biggest

27

the

7a ri^ andherparents aregongto goon holidayto Scotland. Kimisreadina thetouristbrochure. Sunlaws House Hotel Sunlaws s fudher frornthe Visitgeat forests and quiet crtycentre lhantheBack uillages,seeexcitinStouns, SwanHot€ quieterandrnore castles, beautiful garden\ srnaerandlrendlrer than peacefutis asomore expensve lhanlheBack interestinqshopsand museums, rnosthotesn town I Svvann fact t is lhemost - but expensve hotein Kelso Excellent homecookng Cometo Kelso manypeopesay1slhebest Bedrcomsi 3 Bathroomsi 3 in The Borders Bednorns 22 Priceper person: Balhrooms: 22 Sir WalterScottsaid Kelsouas: €19- €35 Priceper person:f94.50 Our top tuo botek in Kelso: Black Swan Holel

Come to Scotland

'The mosthenrt oud lou)nrnScolknul ramanlic ,

'v---..r--,---\.1..-'---l---;.---,-.r-----,--r

-.--

b Howmany starsdo you think the touristbrochuregiveseachhotel? (- = good,***** = excellent) Blackswan

2o

House Sunraws

rn* manysyllables are therein the wordsbelow?

beautiful 3 expensive triendly peaceful

exciting

romantic

small

J

complete thechartbelow.

adjective

comparative

superlative

boflng

fal

interesting quiet

b six adlectives in the listaboveusemore and most.underline the words.

frendlier thebest intellgenl poite

C what is therule?

more serious worse

28

Itr
6 *ro, do youthink? writesentences. lJsemore---I -er than,not cs ... as, as ...gs.

wantsto flnda cheaper hotel.Look at her notes.what doesshesayto herparents?completeher sentences withcompIratives and superlatives of the wordsbelow.

- beautiful Ford/Porsche

1 cheap 2 cheap 3 peaceful 4 far interesting 6 good . Po.,-e, L5o, :<M J town .antra,

zrv qui6t <-=tr--ta-+.

- healthy orangejuice/coffee

Farntands t8o, -onIta t MuseuM

(ehost)

\? Ra.t, I,Oo, +^ n. .an+b

:ernlandsis great!lt's

tlnaopr t[oa (2)lvy fhe Bell but it's louse,I knowthatyouwanta quietholiday.lvy (3),andit's louse (4)fromtown.But :ernlands (5)thanlvy is louse.lt's nextto the MotorMuseum, andit's (6)! Jota ghost!lt's

5

- interesting computers/museums

- intelligent boys/girls

- difficult English/maths

-,

Lookat the Dhotosof two carsin the MotorMuseum.Writesentences and usemote ... I ... -er than or not qs

l'

yourlamtly.Usethe words Descnbe below. happy intelligent interesting quiet se ous young is {Aehappiosf po^o^.

...45.

1 TheFord is olfurtl.oatho,?orsrJ^u (old) 2 ThePorsche (exciting) 3 TheFord (comfortable) 4 ThePorsche Dont usea ruler'Tick theiongestline

{fast) 5 ThePorsche (long) 29

rc'tth" morningafterEic'spar /. Eric'sparentsarecominghomein the ercning.what will happen?usethe verbsbelow-write sentences with

7

wil

n't.

be tind seg shout talkto turnon thedirtyglasses They will so, everywhere. Thevideo the brokenbowl. They Theneighbours parentsabouithe noisyparty. Hisparents

2

whot thould Ericdo?Matchthe sets with of words.rhen write sentences

should. pickup / litter . 1 2 take/ glassesto ' the kitchen 3 telephone / ' videoshop go / shop . . visit/ neighbours

. buy/ newbowl . askabout/ video . tidy/ room . givethem/ present . washthem

1 ttoshould ,rp&a likar lo hd\ ll,o.rcw, puc_.

Eric'sfather 5

J

and the wordsbelow. completethe conversations. Usethe presentcontinuous gDdhino-anythinS everywherenobody something somewhere Arr, you

(1do) Lam,please d"ty helplThehouseis untidy. (2)this N/lY afternoon? Sue (9

iyfi^J parents (3come) ths evening and home (4)s untidy.

What

you (7 da)?

So) ( l 0 l l t e l e p u o nKei dTsr ('11) wasat house, but home.lvy parents (12arrive) at about6.

(8have) a panolesson.

I (13do) 0 4) l'llseeyouin 20 mnutes

Lookat thepictures and complete thesentences. lJsetheadiectives Det0w. Itw an, (oo ^wy

difiicult healthy heavy strong llrFnyclouds. lf's nof sung o,rogl. milkin thiscoffee. oil in myfood. questions in my homework. peopleto movethe piano.

Compsognathus

' Complete thesentences. comparethe Compsognathus andtheTyrannosaurus Rex. TheCompsognathus (strong) !.ras^ol os sl,?tJds theT Rex. TheT Rex (trightening) the Compsognathus. TheCompsognathus TheCompsognathus (small) theT Rex. TheCompsognathus (heavy) theT Rex. TheT Rex (noisy) theCompsognathus.

I

Riversin the wodd Lookat the informationbelow.complete the I TheNile,Africa sentences with the correctform of longandhigh. 2 Th€Amazon,s Amerlca Asla 3 TheYanglse,

TheNile wono. TheAmazon Yangtse. TheAmazon K2 Kanchenjunga Everest theworld.

is tfio,louasf

riverin the

km 6,695 6,574 6,380

the theNile. Kanchenjunga. K2. mountain in

37

Mountainsin the World NePal I Everesl, 2 K2,Kashmir/Sinkiang 3 Kanchenjunga' NePal/Sikkim

m 8,848 8 , 6 iI 8,586

Re0dth€text. Answer thequestror'rs. ls the texttalkingaboutthe past, presentor future? Didlhe Jishermen seea boat?

1

Whatdid theysee?

*t'r.lx,

I o m p l e ' cl h e . s p l r n r r t l i a m t f u f P , ^. l pastcontinuous tooK at a newisland, They They tooK at a boat.

r

Nowcomirlete thesesentences. pastcontinuous sail

They Theisland

whenlwhile

whenlwhile

rneysaw it something. Theyweresailingnearer

Theywerefishing

in the Atlantic. grow smarer.

they saw something. it grew theyweresailingnearer

theywerefishing

suddenlygrew larger.

Lastsaturday,Ann,Btllandcolinwerevisiting the Lool(,rt the pictureand complete scatland. andthe ser'rtences. Usethepr.{st continuous verbsbelow. drink eat Jisll rise sit down standup 1 They 2 Ann 3 BillandColin

"Je,"ishig. a sandwich. sometea.

4 Colin 5 Annand Bill 6 A monster

from the 32

t'

4tt re7oft. Nowreadthenewspaper underline fve falsethingsin the repoft. to correctlhe write true sentences 5lt information.

!

'' They,rut^'l*dwrg.Ttg waz fshig

I

rr0rl

2 Ann i BillandColin

'J

' -''-

' it startedto rain' to raln' ' whenit started ' it bit her' ' hisbikebroke' ' whenit bt her'

nce p6rts

5

' her sister'sbaby ' g with her iabbit' ! rndswerefishing' ' endsweretishing home'' cycling was WhileJames

-t

/

aboutyou. thesentences complete

1 | uJds

6boutthe the sentences O complete pictures. usethe pastcontinuous, the pastsimple,whenor whileand theverbsbelow.

mornlng. at 6.15yesterday 2 at 2 pm lastSaturday. 3 at 8.15thismorning.

:mve break come eat meet srng - She waltrig "ios she to school ",t'on a triend. 2 Thedog hislunch

'?-'

4 evening. at 7.45yesterday 5 at 10 amlastSunday.

he intohisroom. from manyyearsaqo Readand do the puzzle

they

St lves'1 WhenI wasgoingto wtves I met a manwith seven

theboard,theteacher

sacks' achwife had seven

+kits Eachsackhadseven

she thewindow

4

babYcat) (* t = oldword for kitten'

33

7o

neadsue'sconversotion with the policeoffcer.

Wherewereyoustandng? lert io i-e 1-"-.] It t.ts Whichones? Tre re,I,ofcs - i-o-tait'tc tersi':itet[s ' it ll t r: t a,ifc gt:s Whathappened? Tre t.rs ii:t: rlr,.,tlt a\,xal.' w r c - a c a ic . : s ! a t t e o a t a r d - t t t e t . r s W h ow a sd r i vn gt h ec a r ? T r e , s h o l1e ] T . t o - e I t t e - e aL _ I Lt Washe drivingfast? Yes.r-e\,ias Whathappened next? A tre |erlotout a il staler sroLri--q T t e y \ 1 / e e i l l .t !r l ( t e i - r o f e i | ; r r t i t e t L S a , , a Whichonehitthe busdrlver? aheo re ,/rtr Lrel:raoi cle

b Aretheses€ntences trae(t) or false(r)z 1 Suewasin the newsagent's.

2a 1 2 3

2 Thedriver'sjumperwasred.

comptetethe sentences belowfrom the conversltion. Ihen m6tchthequestions withthe answers. youstand ?. driv ?. hedriv fast? .

. Yes,he was. . T h e s h om rt an, . Nextto thetelephones.

Nowcomplete thesentences and matchthe questions withtheanswers. 1 2 3

J

1 2 3 4 6

wasstand the menspeak

. nextto thetelephones? quietlyto the busdriver?. theyargu about?.

. The accident.

. Sue. . No,theyweren't.

whot *ot thedriver doingbeforethe aceident? Look6t the picturesand writequestions and shortanswers. usetheverbsbelow. x ha dnttrg

rcad talk wait watch wear We fast? Yas,he,u,ros. at thelights? the road? a newspaper? to hisfriends? a seatbelt?

-

5 in exercise O tookat thePicture again.writequestions for the below.usethe p6st o,nswers and,theverbsbelow. continuous

1 in exercise Lookot the conversalon thesenlences 6gainandcomplete belowwith oneor ones.

Hewaswearinga jumper. It wasa red TheohorB3arenew They'renew Whoarethesemen? in thecar The car? : Doyourememberthis in the accident. It'sthe

carry do lie t)ee{ LJhowasdoqqS? Theoldman. theoldman Underthe umbrella. thedog

and the questions .l Nowcomplete with Whichand oneor on€s. o/rswers

It waschasingthecat. juice? theorange Theboyin the greenshirt.

phonesarendw?' The small

/ the Lookdt the pictureandcomplete andanswersUseWhich, duestions oneor ones6na the Dastcontinuous, the verbsbelow. gant climb jump

w

3 WhatwereYouwearing?

paz

l^lhirh boy "/^s @.3i19theorangejuice? Thr.,o^a,i^ l,.LJat^ 4,ift' ballsat coconuts? grrl 2

1

girls

4

Doys

Delow. wereyouandwhatwereyoudoingat Where evening? 7.15yesterday

2 Wereyouslttingor standing?

a

3

writeyouransw€rs for the questions

Lookat thefootprintand the shoesWhichone wasthepersonwearing?

thewall? '|

Fi1=-

htu# 35

E*

tE &

o

7o b

OrvilleandWilbur Wright were brothets peadtheinformation. O who inventedthe a aeroplane. In 1903, O ere the sentences they built an belowtrue(t) or false o aeroplanewhich O few 36.5 metresat

lF)? o TheWrightbrothersinvented O theaeroplane. O Corcordeis not asfastas o Flyer1. o passengerplanethat canlly acrossthe A A pilotbuiltthesmallest o kilometresan hour:The b ggestpassenqe plane. a 7471400.lt cancarry507peopleandriZ

I

2a

putth, groups of wordsfromthe

textin the correctorderto make sentences. t i ouilttireimattest pune-Feisth; tito @

5

Thisis Robert H Starr:He rs the pilotthat builtthe smallest plane Bumble Beeis only2 64 metreslong br.;tit canfry at 306 KIlOmeresan

hourBumble Beerssmaller thanFlyerI but frsterl

checkthesentences belowarein Lhe correctorder.Ihen usethat to join the|'Nosentences.

SheflewfromEngland to Australia in 1930. AmyJohnsonwasa piloi,

Any(d,asoawasa piloftla( fa,.t fiu^ E,yload fo ,lust/aliai^ 1130. Theymadethefirstpassenger balloon.The Montgolfier brotherswereinventoni.

b Nowput thesegroupsof wordsin the correctorder. '1

3 yikingis a spaceship. lt wentto Mars.

EumbleBeeis a plane

tis o!ly?.6rn9!re9l!!gl Llhatl

4 lt hasn'tgotwings!Thehelicopter is a plane.

/.

6 *orr, the peopleandthingsto their

thesentences Yomthetext. 10 Complete ' OrvilleandWilburWrightwerebrothers invented the aeroplane flew36.5 - Theybuilt an aeroplane

with deflnitions. Thenwrite sentences who, which or that 6nd someonel something.

metres.

spaceship. doctor. sailor. camera.

b usewho or which to completethe sentences below. RobertH Starris the man smallestplane. is a olane Concorde passen9ers.

flewthe

submarine

. . . .

helpssickPeople sailsships sailsunderthesea travelsin space takesphotographs

1 ,1 spaoJhip is somdiig la,tds ia sput. "l^ir\ 2

carres

C Nowcomplete thetablewithwho, which and thdt. $aY

Person thng

F

t

usethecorrectlormol theverbs belowandwhoor whichto complete thesentences. carry drive fly havegot IM6 A uadst is a person ndu a biw. "l^o

-t

f

tavel

writeaboutthepeopleandthings 6. belowin the sameway as exercise 1 friend 2 ship 3 teacher 4 train

1 n fts^l is sor^/./,,lo, uLo

is a vehicle

2

twowheels.66

3

rsa person is a vehicle in the ai

rsa person gol lve got a friendwho has a parrot The Parot cansay ..,erywordthat rt hearsbur

is a vehicle

passengers.

whY? I jur.t n"u"r'uY'unY'thing

t7

thought thatyourvideowas broken. Didyoutelephone 7O aeaathe conversation betweenpauloand his friendElen6. thevideorepairshop? wewentnomeanowesaw Dd youbothenjoyyourselves ourseves onTVWewere atthefootbaI match? watching thematch onvdeo...

I reay enjoyed myself andI , Elena. thinkthatCadosenjoyed h mselftoo.

b erethesesentences lrue

or false

Paulohadfun at thefootballmatch. Pauloturnedoff thevideo.

2

moth th" me

(o) vou him ner titr . you(

+) . them

J

rdsin thelistsbetow himself oursetves itself myself yourself herself themselves yourseNes

uotcnthesentences belowwiththe pictures. Theypainted eachother. Theypainted themselves.

Theypaintedit themselves.

...wewereaugnrng at eachotherwhen thev deostopped. lt atethetapeand turnedtsef off,

Il

No,werepaired it ourselves.

completethe sentences with each pronouns otheror reflexive andthe verbsbelow. buy ,uf

look teach wave

u*ywJl

F

,

compleLe Lheconversations below. pronouns. Useemphatic Wecancarrythe bags,Dad.

1 WhorepairedPaulo'svideo? Pauloand Carlos

Youcan't They'retoo heavy.

qavol. k {nu"sd'tos.

2 Mum,makemea sandwich. I'mbusy.Make Whodid yourhomework? lt'sverygood!

Openthedoorforthedog. No.lt can Whocut herhair?lt's beautiful! She Didyoupayfor hislunch? No,he

I Whopaintedyourhouse? TonyandI

/

O useeschotheror reflexivelemphatic pronouns to complete thestor,. Lwaniedto watch

on iysd myholiday, butthevdeo's Whobroket? broken.

_e

-t

2 to writ? ll' Usewordstrom exercise about . positiveand.negativesentences you,yourfriendsandYourfamilY. write 6boutthe thingsbelow. 1 cut hair 2 do homework3 repairtheTV 4 buyclothes 5 cookdinner 6 paintihe house Examples:

Paulo andCarosponted

I ldo f) trX N! ta( eleJI. 'I

AI

2 3 5

Thevideodidn'tbreak

pu

So who brokeit? Wedon'tknowwho brokeli, but we wanted to hep So we repaired ri

t

arms Ann and Billhavegot brohen

ii"t"""l",t

n"*'

' thevcant Feed tecause

they dol themselvesWhat should

Andnowyouregongto lake shop thevideoto therepajr pay and forit t00l

39

"t

,, ReGd the Tdvertfor the boakThinl
Do tou forget things?Crrol Rrkcr

!, Arethesesenterces true(T)or false(F)?

memorybelbrcshc

'I Carolhas a badmemory 2 Carolhada badmemory 3 Carolhatedstudying. 4 Carolhatesstudying,

Thitik Cl.d \'.Tllis S t l r j yi q r 5 e d1 0b e d f f . L r l i d d n ' t l s e r o enloy t Lrse.ltr torqet evcryihfq Tlren asLyerr re,rd lhinL aeJrly No, l e , r r n r n q5 e a s ya n o r t t i ! r l

ta Readthe sentenceand choosethe correcttimeline. Studying usedto bea problem. past now future a-

. ( l x r o l d i c Tl o u u s . L oe n t o l 's c h o o l ) . N o I d n h r ' t l u \ c ( l r o h x t c i r b . c r u s eI h r d r t e n i h l cn r c L I f l ) . W h r Ld i d \ o u u \ . r ( )l i ) r r c L l

c-

. N u u r b c $ .| . o | l e s | x r r c s . . v c , y l h | ) g l O L r el c u . l i a ' . q o Lr ) b L h . r ' \ b i L r h d r l ---

4a completethe sentences fromthe advert.

b Nowcompletethe sentences below.

forgeteverything! enjoyit. you enjoyschool? you forget?

j

r.--/--.-+.:!---

Carol She

hatestudying. remember things. she forgetnames? she hate?

mammoth

root at the pictures and writeaftrrmative senlences wiLhusedto abodtpeople yearsago.Usetheverbsbelow. 50,000

eat live jJed6 travel use wear 1 TI,pu,spi la slatpoa lra qnt .A. Jt)

2

houses

Jeans

3 aeroplane

4 5 6 40

Lookdt the pictures in exercise 3 again6ndwritenegative sentences with usedto aboutpeople 5a,000 yearsago.

l,)se the complete theconversation. pastsimpleor usedto andtheverbs 0etow. be be do give hate play wear

I Ihg dtda'f 'tsa, lo slry i^ buk.

Don'tshout, Kim SorrylMurn. She dtd"'l ,tsulo She ro peopre.

:. -J

(1)nosy (2)speaking

(3)shy? LAM| she L4uMiYes,shed dl LAM:What she \4)? (5)quiety MUM:She wth herdo s. Thenherunce Tom (6)hera drumkt forherbidhday. (7)she? LAM:Howod (B) l,4u[a: SevenShe beautiful clothes too. peasel KrMrOh,N/lum, Comeon,Lam Letsgo

( .L IIOOL RI'jPORT: irol Brkd

Yoi/ slo did

writing? tennis? maths?

1 2 3 4

Places?

5

pa.tsto makethree funny jokes Match the senLence . but thenI fellin the basLnL I usedto forgeteverYthrng' I usedto be a tap dancer I usedto think that a hot dog

4t

'

. wasa pet wlLhaJUmPer on ln summer . butnowl I er

2a

complete thesentences lrom thekrt. the Bad

You Brotherslrom 200metres.

them. walk?

He he Yes,he

He

run. Dont worryOtfcer.We Oh Prnce Youcoud cansaveh m.Wecan sme theBadBrothersrebuld hrm from200 metfesNow youcanI sme a sausage un0efyour n o s eP e a s e d o n t d e |\',iont be alrleto ve wInoulyou

P N o w complelethe chart. could

W hebeabe 10warKagarn Professor?

HE

dot

wi be able to He

HC

dot

He

do ft. dot

hedo t? do l?

J

writ sentences aboutRobodog. Usewill/won'tbe ableto andthe verbsbelow. catch fly junp )af

save swim

Au'll buobla f".^ fu(=&L_+#-aYeshew ll Nextweekhe tr'eabe to runat 200k ometres anhourHe' be rhlo 1^ aoo trt ni^hl

!o'

d-* 'fi*-tn

ho

b uatchthepictures of Prince withthe times. last week

now

'r---,r4,.

nextweek the plans.

the Bad Brothers. 42

hit Eric'scat. Ericis talking 4 Atocyclist the vet.write Eric'squestions with

6

usetneverbs in exercises to dska about friendin yourclassquestions himor heratfouryearsold.

will be able to.

Co,tld jn

i^/iilsho5o obla, fu aaItl. Nottor a dayor two,butthenshe'llstart walking again.

.,

t

^oru, ^oddsl

tn exercse Nowanswerthe auesttons

6 aboutyouat fouryearsold. Yes,hereyesareOK. Oh,yes.Shecanhearnow- herearsare movrng. Nottoday,butyou'llbe ableto takeherhome tomorrow.

5

write sentences aboutProfessor at fourye6rsold.Usethe Jacobs wordsbelowand couldlcouldn't.

1 lta,to'tld^akt r ofu)s, or c on tne peoplei

A couldseeB andE. D cor.:ldnt seeA and B. B couldseeA. E couldntlee B andC. C couldseeD B couldseethe door

Writethequestions 6nd answers. lJsethepastcontinuous andthe verbsbelow.

2

Usethe qastcontinuous or the oast simgleof theverbsbelowand while or when to comqletethe sentences.

argue Jgokai' play read sleep

'1 He it What

"Jas

lo d'Jt'y ^( 4 o'do,k1.

lia.was looki at fla panfrtys.

bif

the dog him.

she shopping, she

theoranges.

they football,they

thewindow.

She

to school an accident

J

usewnoor whichandtheverbs below to complete theinformation aboutpeopleand things. climb fly invent run see

1 Hubbleis thetelescope furthestin space. 2 Galileowasthe scientist thetelescope. 3 HillaryandTenzing weretheclimbers first Eveiest. o

Corcordeis theaeroplane thefastest. Bannister wasthe runner first a mile(about1500metres)in underfourminutes.

E Pullhewordsin Lhe(orre(lorderto makesenlences and add a reflexivef pronounor eachother. emphatic

t

Complele thesentences with aflrmativeor negative formsof used to andtheverbsbelow. jxereisd live play take walk watch

1 Beforeshewentswimming everyweek, 4\!, Ad^'l 'rsl.,lo aNn^is(-

2 Betorepeoplehadelectricity, they TV,

I washing lt's

3 Before lhada camera,

it washigifso.jf. 2 it made I

photos.

,i can't repair She it I dinner their They'remaking

Beforehe brokehis leg, football.

5 radio heard the He on

Beforeshe boughther car,

everywhere. a love They

6 Beforewe movedto Greece, in Malaysia.

O uary is fouryearsold. Lookat the timelinesnd complete the sentences abouther with couldor couldn'tor will or won't be able to.

0

1 At8 2 At6 3 At5 I At3 ) At2 6 At1

45

stu'llba,obt.,lo sh,.,ulo^'l b!, ablalo su a ro,"p'Jar

years usea compuler. , our , out , DUt

talk.

, bul

watK.

, but

crawl.

X? DoyouknowProfessor I'rnooking fortheplans. Where areihey?

7a eeadthestory.

know b what do smithand Jones Tick(,/) or cr055 abouttherobot? 6 ). 1 li'sbig. 2 lt's dangerous. 3 lt'sin Jones'sroom.

I caf't te you Theyre secret. flowdo know abouttheplans?

. o saidthat 6'-_lshe -.: -.They

wherethepans Smithr askedl-rer were Sheseidthatshecoudn11e me Sh€saidthattheyweresecret ThenlaskedherLfshekn€wProfessor X So X Shesad am Proiessor askedherabouttlresecretplansagan Whatdd shesay? aresecret._.i Jones: Smith: Sheiod rnethallheywereTof a veryargerobol Shesad thal l was robotn thewofdl mosldangeroLrs 1l-re

Nowrewritethesesentences.

Shesadthatthepanswerefora robot.

3

Jonrtis phoningsmith.complete s report. (1)Therobotis n rny

I room.(2)lt'sookingat me.(3)| car see X.(4)She's Professor turnng offtherobotl

with said b complete thesesenteices or told. 1 She that it wasthe mostdangerous robotin theworld! Smiththatshedidn't 2 Theprofessor Know. usthatthe robotwas 3 She dangerous. 4 She that it wasverylarge.

1 Jonessaid

lt"a( tla nbot was i^ his..oom.

2 Hetold 3 Hesaid 4 Hetold

46

(

aewritesmith'squestions from story

6

*rrr" sueandEric'sconversatton with reportedspeech.

Wheres K m?

can'tseeheranywhere 1 $e, LslaA l(;- was. "-,l"aru 2 3

Nowrewritethesequestions. Smithaskedherwherethe robotwas.

4 Smithasked

/

wnat interestingLhingsdid people sayto you or askyesterday? Use reportedspeech. Myfriendtold

J

writ" thesesentences with reported speech.

Sheaskedme,'Where areyougoing?' 'S+ostuAr a, I JoitJ, "huu 'Doyouwanta drink?'heaskedme. 3 Theyaskedher,'Whatdo youwant'I 'Whyareyouasking?'sheaskedthem Heaskedhim,'Canyouplaythe piano?' 6 'Doeshe remember thesong?'he askedher. knewwhy. understandthe storY? Do Yor-.r

47

.rit

Readthe sentences from the canversation. ln whtchsentence daes can = dbilifl? ln whichonedoescqn = !9ermsstan? Canyouremember thelasttimeyouwent fishing? CanI staylate?

Read conversotion with his James's mum. JAlrlES: [./]um, theresa latefilmat the c nematonight. It'sa goodhorror fim.CanI go? [y'uM:Yes,Jamesbut youmustcome homeat 10.30.

Re6dthe sentences below.C6nlames choosethe times?Writeyesor no. Youmustcomehomeat10.30. 2 Youhaveto getupat 5 o'clock, 1

Readthe sentences below.Can Jctmes I hisfriendschoosethe times?

writeyesor no.

1 Youmustn'tbe late.

2 Elena, LiamandSuedon'thaveto getup early

in themorning.

JAlilEs:But ...

N,4uM: youhaveto getupat 5 o'cock James, goingfshlng tomorrow You're wth your gran0oao. JAMES: Pease, Mum.Caf lstayto 12.00? MuNl:Canyouremember thelastt nreyouwent fshfg withyourgranddad? Youweretwo hourslateYoumustn'tbelateagan JAMES: ButEena,LiamandSuearegoingto stayto 1 20 0 . N,4uM; Yes,buttheydof't haveto getupat 5 o crocK tomorrow mornng

Answer thequestions aboutthe conversation. 1 ls Jamesgoingto thecinema? 2 ls Jamesgoingto staylate? 3 Whattimeis Jamesgoingto getup tomorrow morning?

' 1 2 3 4

Complete thesentences fromthe canvers Gtton . You You You They

comehomeat 10.30. be late. get up early. getupat 5 o'clock.

Nowput thesewordsin thecorrect orderand mal<e sentences. get enoughsleep You must at 12.00You comehome mustn't 3 haveto yourgrandad meet You 4 They comehome don'thaveto at10.3O

l)

Complete theanswers to the queslions. lJsecon or csn't short answers and must or mustn't. Mum,canI havesomemoney? ti Yes, . Butyou J musl'^ spendit on sweets,

sueworksin a caf€at weekends. complete he(sentences with mustlmustn't,hqvetoldon't have to andtheverbsbelow. !d

be drop speak wear work

M u mc, a nl g o o u t ? No, . You yournomeworK. Mum,canI puton theTV? No, . You quiet,Yourfatheris sleeping,

'I I ,bo late. mustn'1' 2 Thecaf6doesn'topenon Sundayafternoons, sol a whiteshirt. 3 I 4 I carefulin the kitchen. 5 I politelyallthetime! 6

Mum,canlgo to thecinema? . Butyou linishyourhomework first. Mum,canI havea hamburger? No, eatjunkfood.

. You

writeaboutyou.usemustfmustn't, havetofdon't haveto.

complete thesentences with havel hasto or don'tldoesn'thaveto. lJsetheverbsbelow. get up gd

go to schoolon Sundays. be carelulat busyroads. washthedishes. be latefor school. mrsslessons. studyEnglish.

pay slay wait watK

-

She'sill.She in bed.

'n j

He's12 yearsold.He I They'vegot bikes.They IO SC

5 Youcan't go. You at the traffic lights.

ir':e

/tK

the newroad Shemustnt

6 Todayis Sunday.She

early. Whichisthefasterroad? 49

I

7O neadaboutthewater P4ect.

b Answer the questions. 1 Howmanynewwellsarethere?

2 HasEniye's villagegot a well? 3 Wasbuildingthewellseasy?

the sentences from the text J o comptete '1 in exercise.

+ Thevillagers + Thework - Thepeople

inI tii""tr"ng" i,lY"""Tn"Ji^"""i"

thework. hard. a well.

b Nowusethecorrect formsof hqve, be andbuildto complete these sentences aboutthetext. + Thepeoplein Anoma's village a well. - Thework

Il 2

Completethe table belowwith vert) formsfrom the text.

infinitive

pastsimple

oe

was/weTe

b! ld

but

do

oto

saw

start

started

take

took

tookat thenotes fortheschoolBuildin perlectto Project. Usethepresent writeaffirmative or negative sentenc

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"'o

pastparticiple bu^

Prolactwur{
)oc,claor

t hulld sclnool/ z pc,\nfscl,ool / lalclasand l nnaka-

t Iutl hoaksI s.p-6klo ()e\l' / llnesludqnts{ b A^a-o-l

1 Theyha,t 6uilf {AosrLool, 2 3 4 She 5 6

gNe

see

easy.

5o

completethe tefterwith theverbs

6

Complete thesesentences from the in exercise 1. conversation

perfect or past below.Usethe present simple. choose ever,neveror yet.

beento Brazil? beento a foreigncountry

be&

break buy go go pay plan watch

b Nowcomplete lhesesentences. eatenPaulo'scooking? eatenBrazilian food.

E Matchthe oictureswith the duestions.

Haveyoueverbeento Spain? Haveyoubeento Spain?

.,

F,,

pholos. wnle > lheseareUams holtday Liam'squestions and hisfriend's shotl onswers. useeverand theverbsbelow. 9A:

/

abouL Lothequestions writeanswers you.

1 Haveyoueverriddena camel?

play ride stay swim

1 lau 1ou uu oato^tish and dips No,I ha'tu'|. I don'tlikefish.

2 Haveyouseena filmthisweek?

?

3 Haveyouevertoldanyonea secret? 4 Haveyoueatenlunchyet?

Butl've riddena horse.

today? 5 Haveyoureada newspaper

pu

lastvear. I swamin the Mediterranean

ButI'vebeencamping.

I

<> aLr

I playwithmyfriend. 53

---rr )r-

bv

s\

-J

c\jt

I

I

J

uotcntue frr*part\ol lhe\enlenrc

pa withtheirsecond

below.

1 notworkhard

2 drivedangerously D e r b ya r r p h l i n s S t o k ei n l h e o H E L S E A 3v v s.cond scmi-l irl Derby tlle r DERBY , ' c r i e f r ( , . r J r !e | . i , o r r l t h x r l h e l N i l l $ i n T h e yl l P l x \

3 nottakeexercise

rFFDsl sToKE

4 nol gel up 5 forgetumbrella 6 notdo homework

thcl ll lccp thc trophf lbr thc CHELSEA v

a be latefor school

-r!--

b eretheteamsbelowgoingto playin thefnal? write yes,no or don't l<now.

b gerwer c havean accident

3 Leeds 4 Derby

l Chelsea 2 Stoke

teacherbe angry notgetfit

f not passtheexams

2 O comoletethesesentences from the newspaper. (

1 They'llplayChelsea 2

he isn'tfit

theywin. hewon'tplay.

lf sl^a, | ,.tor1thud, daesa shr,uJo^ ? posshor{}4.,'s.

thesesentences. b Nowcomplete Derby winthefinal.

keepthetrophy

now write rcmpleLe senLences. p6ftsin exercise 3. Usethesentence

they

Stokewintomorrow, they Chelsea nextweek. Stokedon'twintomorrow, they Chelsea nextweek.

tall
54

reporT. newspaper l\c).l Snturd.rt.(het$o besLlcr ns rLrEnglrrdrvrlll)hy i thcloorhrll h. ol rhc Al EnglarrdTrophrChelsexPlavcdLecds Yestclda)_. in the Jir\r seri firil gllne rnd C h c l s e r\ ! o n . l I l i r n r o a o \ D e r b ) _r r e t h y r g S t o k en r l h c secondrenriliLrrl De b! ure r s!ong re!m.md N\l peopledrink thrt LhevNill wir The"_ll llrf Chclsernc\t Srturdu!it theva'n tonunos If Derbr Nln rhe hnll theyll kecp the Lrophylor thc

J

strr secondved Arrd ChelscL\'s NboLrt thycr hr\ beenLohosdrnl h i \ l e h l , n e e l l b e i $ t h L ,b e * o n r p l x ! i l h cb i s m d c h SEMI-FINALS C H E L S E A 3V ! DERBY

1 LEEDS STOKE

,l

uot n the first partsof the sentenc with Ihei(secondpaftsbelow. notworkhard f

2 drivedangerously 3 nottakeexercise 4 notgetup

5 forgetumbrella Final

.-1..

6 notdo homework

GHELSEA v

be latefor school

-l------_

b erethe teamsbelowgoingto playin the fnal? write yes, no or don't know. 1 Chelsea 2 Stoke

getwet c havean accident

3 Leeds 4 Derby

d teacherbe angry e notgetfit

f not passtheexam

2 o comoletethesesentences from the

newspaper.

(

1 They'llplayChelsea 2

he isn'tfit

theywin. he won'tplay.

lf shadasn'f dotlL hard,

thesesentences b r,lowcomptete Derby winthefinal.

keepthetrophy

sho,^/o^'t passhor sx4l.s.

they

Stokewintomorrow, they Chelsea nextweek. they Stokedon'twintomorrow, Chelsea nextweek.

Arethesentences talkingaboutthe past,present or future? -a.

Nowwrite completesentences. partsin exercise 3. Usethesentence

4

5

aboulLhepictures. O write)enlences andthe usetheRrstconditional verbsbelow.

complete thesentences thef,rst conditional.

k

bite break catch chase -e{ drop feed lad pay phone turnoff wakeup 1 lt sho.doas^( f^d hu 4, 2tt 3 Thecat 4He 5 They 6lf

lf James LarQS (come)homelate,his (be)angry Mum srill bo,

angryshe (cook) himanydinner. dinner, he (be)hungry nungry ne

his mum sne he

snt I tLt.

(sleep)well. well,he

ne

(wakeup)on time. he

on time,he (be)latefor school.

he

lateforschool, hisMum (be)angry

PU 7T- tI

F Wflteaboutyou. ' lf it rainstomorrow,

Sallyhasgot a bagof sweeLsIf sheglves half the sweetsto one friend,and if shethen giveshallthe sweets in the bagto her other friend,she'llhavesix sweetsfor herselfin

: lf I havesomefreetimeat theweekend, early, 3 lf I finishmy homework r lI I getall my homework right, 5 lf I feelill tomorrow,

the oag How manYsweetshasshe got?

6 lf my parentsgivemesomemoney,

55

7q Beadtheinformation aboutHoneyBees. b enswer thequestions. 1 Whoiakescareofthe queenbee? by 50,00080,000workersThereisn'ta king,buttherearehundreds of malebees.

2 Whichbeesmakethe honey? 3 Whowroteaboutthe BeeDance?

2o

below.Findthe tookat the sentences in thetextand sameinformation writethesentences.

afterfouror fiveweeksThentheydie. Honeyis madeby theworkerbees,and it is rnadefromflowers. Thebeeslook teilstheotherworkers whereto look. Food

BeeDance is understood.

keepHoneyBees. 1 Farmers

gF At the hive

2 Theworkerbeesmakehoney. 3 KarlvonFrischwroteabouttheirdance.

J

comptetethe sentences. lJsetheverbsbelow.

cook drink eat fed grow fDald sell

b Nowchangethesesentences. 1 Theworkerschasethedrones, 2 Theworkersdo thework. bees. studied 3 KarlvonFrisch

C what 6retherules?

is raodz 1 Honey 2 Tea juice 3 Orange mostcountries. 4 Chips 5 supermarkets. Drygrass horses. eyes Sheep's somecountlies.

in a hive. in India. in in oil. ln IO

tn

(

newritethesesentences. usethepassive andby.

6

pastsimple, passive a or the. andchoose

' Artistspaintpictures. ?rkws an paalol.bj o sK. paintedthe MonaLisa. 2 Leonardo

Sally'sfather b6gh( (1buy)a/thefarm,and (2take)tolivein thecountryside. Sally (3build)nearto a/thebig A/Thelarm (4call)BeeFarm.No forestandit (5keep)on a/thefarm,butshe bees (6give)honeyeverydayfortea. (7go)to a/theforest Sally'sfather (8go)to everyday.Sallysometimes (9love)the thetorestbecause she flowers. Oneday,shewaswalkingin the beautiful (10 forestwhena/theverylargebee (11run)and fly)at her.Sally (12chase)by a/thebee.Suddenly, (13see)herfatheron theground. she

I TheancientEgyptians built pyramrds.

I lvlillionsol peoplevisit them everyyear.

5 Scientists studythe planets. thetelescope. a Galileoinvented -

or completethe storywith theactive

'Sally!'he said.'l was collectinghoneywhenI {14fall)out of the tree.I (15ask)my friendthe queenbeeto tind you.You musthelpme to get home.'

growrice. TheJapanese

3 Peopleeverywhere eatrice.

*' 7y;;",:ff;' iiil'ii,7,l,i'*'

the sentences fromthetext J a complete tn exerctse 1.

dance. dancetells theotherworkerswhereto look. Theylivetogetherin hiveis builtby theworkers.

1 Theydo

03 ,biks "Jas bol3hf i^

b Nowcompletethe sentences below. queen. Everyhivehasgot queenis ted bythe workers. KarlvonFrischwrote book. bookis aboutbees.

C why do we usea and the in these sentences?

Two babies werebornon thesamedayin the Theyhadthe sameparents, but samehosp;tal. theywerenot twins!Why not? 57

19 24 belowwith reported 4 Theysaid,'We'retwins.' 7 write the sentences speech. Shetold me, 'Theansweris easy.'

5 Weaskedthem,'Whatareyournames?'

.$'o loll ma,{hat tio ansdarvJas043, He said,'l can'thearyou.'

6 Shesaid,'l canspeakSpanish.' 7 Hetold me,'Youarein the wrongclass.'

3 Sheaskedme.'wheredo voulive?'

2o

Beadthelibraryrules. writesentences with mustlfiustn't.

with the present sentences 3 write perfect.write onesentence withjust. onewith yet 6nd onewith olreody for eachpicture.

LibraryR fs . Dou t efltll thelibnry . DoDt talklol ly in thc librar'' Plcasc... . Don'tplaygames . Leave rt 5 pm . Bringbooksbackin 2 week .llon'l (ike lhellewspapers away . Bring)'ouJlibrar_ycard

1 a fl,lshW alru{ b c

1 You-usfn'( 2 3 4

5 6 7

the senlences about b Nowcomplete the libraryruleswith mustn't or don't haveto. 'I

2a b c

bringbooksback

3a b c

ln one weeK.

2 3

eat. leaveat 3 pm, 58

Kl"o/.

complete the Jo Amandais an explorer. b Nowlookatthe mapof Amand6's questions inteNiewer's to Amanda.lJse travelsand writelnswersabouther. the presentpeiect, everand the verbs 1 Y{s5h0 h^s. Detow. 2 be climb gsf

ride swim

llawjw w ulu

3 4

sheep'seyes? in theriverNile? to SouthAmerica? Everest? anelephant?

2 3 l

5

I g uatch thefirstpartsof the sentences p6rts. withtheirsecond 1 eattoo manyburgers. nottidy room. 2 . 3 readnewspapers .1 studyhard. 5 taketoo manybooks. weara jumper. 6

. . . . . .

learnabouttheworld 1 get fat 2 nottindhershoes notgetcold notreadthem passtheexam

partsand thefirst b Nowusethe sentence sentences. conditional to writecomplete lf ho.als loomag ,b,-r3ca, hr.'ll3af fut.

3

pastor present withtheactiveand passive simple. thesenlences O complete 1 Thevillagers

(build)a school.Theschool (make)from paper,but we

(paint)by the children.

,bull

2 Books 3 FrankandErnie 4 Cotfee 5 Thisgrammarbook

(steal)somemoney, butthey (grow)in Brazil,but peopleeverywhere (complete). 59

you

(use)treesto makepaper. (catch)bythe police. (drink)it. (speak) English?

lb 2

lKm

2 Sue

3 James 4 Pauo

1 and

2 but

3or

3b1

4 so

c1

loves 2 studies 3 watches 4 plays teaches 2 carfies

3 stays 4likes

rules- presentsimple,he,she,it (3rdperson) Spelling

Presentsimple affirmative l/You^/ve/They play plays

ShdHe/lt negative

+ -y 3 X + -iesfor wordswitha consonant

don't play l/YouANe/They(do nd) anrnslrument. She/He/lt

doesn'tplay (doesnot)

shortanswers

questions Do

l/you^^/e/they

Does

she/helt

play

Yes,

aninstrument?

she/he/it

Usethe presentsimplelor thingsthathappenagain andagarn.

No,

does.

llyoulwehheydon't, she/helt

1 Theyafesittingona ship. 2 Theyaren'tooklng. 3 s theshipsaiingaway? about? 4 Whataretheythinking b

do. , l4/ou.^,ve./they

doesn't.

Presentcontinuous affirmative

1 Sheis holding herbaby'shand. 2 Themanandwomanaren'twaving. 3 lsthebabysleeping? 4 Where aretheygoing?

6o

I

rm am

shdHdlt

,s is

They We/YoL/

'ne are

looking

negative

3a 'm not am not

She/He/lt

b

3 ying

I ooking 2 aomng 1 driving 2 dying

4 sitting

3 jurnping 4 Tunnrng

Usethepresentcontinuous for now.

's not isn't is not

Spelling rules Wordsendingin:

looking.

2 -e:-\+-ing

questions

3 a vowelandthena consonant (e.9.-uf,-un,-it), double- x 2 - the consonant + -ingrun-+ running

ml

4 Otherwords:+ -iag she,helit

1-ie:-V+-y+-ing

l i e- - rl y i n g

're not ,VelYou/They aren't are not

drive-+ driving

look.+looking

looking?

we/you/they short answers I am. sheis. nets. ?s. it is. weare. youale. meyare.

l'mhot.

No,

she'snot./sheisn't. he'snot./heisn't. it's not.lt isn't. We'renot./wearen't. }/ou'renot./youaren't. they'renot./theyaren,t.

I ! lb

No,shedoesn't. 2 No sheisn't.

2 + She'sgoingto geta present Theyaregoingto buysornenewclothes - She'snot/ Sheisn'tgoingto dyeherhar Fle'snot/ Heisn'tgoingto startpianoessons. ? ls shegoingto dyeherhak? Aretheygoingto stada band?

Goingto affirmative

negative

n

I'mnot

:.e's e,s -s

She Heisn't It

goingto

start.

lu're ,,re're -rey're

YOU

Wearen't They 6t

goingto start.

questions I she he it you

Am ls Are

shortanswers

goingto start?

Yes,

I

am.

she ne t

ts,

'm not

No,

are,

aren't

they

tney Who What Where When How

Usebe + gong to + verblor thetuture . youcanseethefutureaction;it is startingnow . plansfor lutureactions

she ls

goingto visit?

t

isn'1.

you

you

they

she he it

you afe

they

- move 1 n]oved 2 lived ve 3 made- make 5 knew know

- thnk 6 thought 7 saed sal B asked- ask - agree I agreed 10 found find

verbs- spellingrules Pastsirnpleregular 1 wordsendingin -y:X + -ie + -ed 2 wordsendingin -e: + -d

(for 3 wordswitha vowelandthena consonant -ir, -op, -iD), double x 2 theconsonan example: -ed + stirred, stopped

2a + HelivedinLsbon. 7

ThePortuguese didn'tbelievehin'r. DidCoumbus findtheEast? Whydid helakeSpanish ships?

4 Otherwords:+ -ed

be present s

b + HeloundSouthAmerica Heddn'tsa East. ; DidhesaiWest? Where dd helve?

snl arc aren't

62

started, looked, watched be past was wasn't were weren't

Past simple irregularverbs oegn bte break onng build ouy come do ornK dnve lal feed t

began bit oro(e brought built bought came did drank drove are fell fed

leel fnd fly rorget give go

grow l'tave ht keep Know leave

felt found flew forgot gor gave went grew had hit kept Knew left

lose maKe meet read ride run see sel snaKe sing sit speak slano

lost made met reao rcoe ran saw soto shook sang

swam take took teach taught te told throw threw think thought unoerslanounderstood waKeup woKeup won write wrote

spoke stood

lr

t-! r yes

2yes

3no

Adverbs- spellingrules 1 adjective endsin -y:X + -ity busy + -ily busily happy happily

2 Adiectives

Adverbs

caretul

carefully

comfortable

comfortably

easy

easily

iast

fast

good

well

par|enr

patiently

quEt

quietly

silent

silently

slow

slowly

2 adjective endsin consonant + Je:-X and+ -y simple + -y smply comfortable comfortably 3 all olherregularadjectives + -/y brave bravely + iy careful carefuly slent sibntly sow stowty 14 no rule!- someadverbsareinegular gooo we[ hard hard fast fast high

3 1 busy- busily - dangerously 2 dangerous - beautifully 3 beautful 4 simple simply

happy- happy orave- oravey specia- specally - gently gentle

nrgn

Adjectives tellus aboutnouns(peopleor things), Adverbs tell usaboutverbs.

63

2a b

5a

3 good

1 good

2 bad

T ivng

2 N,4issng3 Notcookng

b

T Thebooks abouteatngheathyfood 2 Eatnghealthy foodis goodforyo! 3 Noteatinghealthy foodis badforyou

Let'sgo swmming. lastweek. 1 Suewentswimming 2 Sueisn'tgoingswmmlng. everyweek? 3 DoesSuego swimming 4 SJedidn'tgo swirmingJ"ste'dd\

(butnotteamgames), we often Forleisureactivities go gerund: use + go dv ng gosalrng go caflrprng gosrghtse go fishng goclmbng gosnopprn go loggrng gocyclrng

. [Jsenounsand-rngforms(=gerunds) for things. . Gerunds canbe subject: foodls goodi Eaf,hghealthy or theycanbe object: food. Thebookis abouteatirghealthy . Gerunds or negative: canbe atfirmative + Missingmealsis badforyou, - Notmissingmeass goodforyou. . Spelling rulesfor the-,nglormistudypage61.

tb

l no

2yes

3yes

2a b

They'll(= will)buildciles on the N/loon Peopewon't(= willnot)liveoltsde. c Will yo! go io N/ars? Whenwill thesethingshappen?

+ People willtravelto l\,4ars. - Theywon'tfindwaterontheVloon ? Willwelive n space? Whatwilltheydo?

Future simple willlwon't + infinitive I She

I She

FE

It

Usewiiifor talkingaboutthefuture . youknow,or thinkYouknow . youcanrtseethefutureactionstartingnow

negative

affirmative

will

go.

won't (will not)

lt

YOU

YOU

They

They

go.

questions

WiII

she ne rt you mey

short answers

Where go2

whv Where How

will

I she he it you they

I she he yes, it you

go?

54

rney

I she witt.

No,

:r" '' you mey

won't. fwill no

lb

1 bad

2 good

4a + Weshouldtakeshowers.

4 gooo

3 bad

2a People usewood Peope saveefergy Son]epeople takeshowers b

Weshouldn't travebyca[ Shouldwesaveenergy? Whatshouldwedo?

to savehotwater. to heattheirhomes. to stoppollution.

b + snouo saveenergy. Theyshoudn't wasteenergy. ; Shou d wetakebaths? Howshould wetravel?

Somecountries usethewindto makeenergy. Thefrst verb(use)= theaction. Thesecond verb(to+ make)= thepurpose (making energy).

Useto + baseformto talkaboutthepurposeot actions. Thefirstverbcanbe different formvtenses, butthe secondverbis alwaysto + baseform.

should atfirmative

negative I She He

She Je

should stop. II /ou ,ve lhey

Yol.l

use shou/d . to giveanswers to problems: Weshauldstoppallution. . to talkaboutrules: Sheshouldn'twalkan the grass . to giveadviceto people: Yauareill. Youshouldgo to thedoctot

shouldn't stop. (shouldnot)

They

questions I she he Should it you

short answers

stop?

they I she he

I,Vhat

whv Where

should

It

stop?

yor.l they

65

I she he Yes, rt y0u

I she he should. No, it y0u

rney

mey

shouldn't. (shouldnot).

lb

l future 2 future

3a visiting + They're sornebody. 'mgoingsomewhere. 'm notdoinganything. 1 Areyoudoinganything?

(andgoingto)to talkabout Usethepresentcontinuous plans. future Usethepresenlcontinuous to talkaboutfuture arangements. = plan Example: I'mgoingto visitGreece. = I'vegota ticketanda hotel = I'mvisitingGreece. futureanangement

b + She'sdoingsomething. - We'renotmeeting anybody. He'snotgoinganryhere. ? ls hegoinganywhere? Areyoumeeting anybody?

2

lndefinite pronouns person prace someoooy (=Soneone)

Smewherb

any0o0y t= anyoneJ

anywhere

nobody (= no one)

nowhere

nothing

everyoooy (=everyone)

even/where

everything

lb

l yes

Weusuallyuse:

thing

'

:.,

.

nobody somebody everybody in affirmative nowheresomewhereeverywhere senlences nothing something eveMhing

,.:oTething an!,thing

in negative sentences andquestions

2yes

Wecan'tcountothernouns(uncountable nouns): sane salad,somefoad,sone sugar

3no

-o enougn toomuch- c -a notenough 2a

b

nouns: Usetoomanywithcountable toanany boys Usetoomuchwithuncountable nouns: toamuchstgar

There's enoughsaad. Therearen'tenoughgirls. There's too rnuchsugar Therearetoo rnanyboys.

Use(rot)enoughwithcountable nounsand uncountable nouns, 4a

Therearetoomanysandwiches. Therearenotenoughboys. Therearetoomanygirls Thereis notenoughsugar

b

Countable anduncountable nouns Wecancountsomenouns(countable nouns): aneboy,b/voboys,someboys;onesandwbh,trla sandwiches, sane sandwiches 66

1 ltbtoosweet 2 lt'snotloudenough. 1 lt isn'thotenough. 2 lt'stoohot. 3 lt'shotenough 1c 2a 3b

lt'stoo sweet. Puttoo beforean adjective: Putenoughaftertheadiective: t isn'tsweetenough It'ssweetenough.

lb

1 TheUltrasaurus 2 TheBrachiosaurus 3 Thel\,4amenchisaurus

c

iong

1 adjective hasonesvllableandendsin a voweland (e.9.-at,-un,-ig),double- x2 thena consonant theconsonant + -erl-esf + -er big bigger 2 adjective endsin -e, add-rl-st + -st arge largest

bg arge long hea\,^/ tall

adjective

fonns- spellingrules Comparative andsupedative

3 adjective hastwo svllables andendsin -y: X + -rerl -rcst hea\y + -ier heavier -iest happy + happiest

-ier/ -iest

comparative. supeflative .|:itrd longer , bngest

clean

cleaner !

_tnebanes!

big

hgger

thetiggest

large

larger

thelargest

h

heavier

theheaviest

But:adjective endsin -w,-y or -x,do lgt doublethe consonant new + -er_, newer 4 adjective endsin two or moreconsonants or endsin two or morevowelsandthenoneconsonant, add -erl-est onger + -et longer clean + -est cleanest

beautiful 3 expensive 3 friendly2

BlackSwan Sunlaws House***+*

2 romantic 3

3 fat 1 nteresting 3 {4) quiet2 small1

Rules 1 Don'tusemoreandmostwithadjectives with 1 syllable: long--r longer-+ ongest cean--rceaner-+ cleanest

4 Don'tusemorcandmostwithsomeadjectives with 2 syllables -+ cleverer -+ cleverest clever -+ quetest quiet-+ quieier

Usemo.eandmostwithadiectives with2 syllables: -+ peaceful--+ peacefu more mostpeacefu borng-f moreborng--rmostboring

5 Usemoreandrrlostwithadjectives with3+syllables: -+ -+ expensivemorcexpensive mostexpensve -+ moreintellgent -+ mostinteligent inteligent

Don'tusernoreandmostwithadjectives with -y 2 syllables with at theend: easy--r easierr easiest -f happest happy-+ happier

6l\

67

Norule! bad-+ worse-r worst far-+ further/ farther-r furthest/ farthest good-+ better-r best

tb

TheUltrasaurus 2 TheBrachiosaurus 3 Thel\,4amench saurus

a o c

1

forms- spellingrules Comparative andsuperlative 1 adiective hasonesvllableandendsin a voweland (e.9.-af,-ur,,-,9),double- x 2 thena consonant + -erl-est lheconsonant llrg orgger

2a b c

hi.

-er/ -est

arge long heaw tall

'ier/ iest -r / -st

adjective

comparative

adjectiveends in -e, add -/-st lal large + -st

3 adjective has!4gsyllleblcsandendsin 'y'. N + 'ie -/esl neavter heaw happiest

superlative

long

longer

thelongest

clean

cleaner

thdbleanest

0tg

bgger

the'biggest

large

larger

the argest

heaw

heavier

theheaviest

But:adjective endsin -w,-y or -x,do nqt doublethe consonant or endsin 4 adjective endsin two or moreconsonants two or morevowelsandthenoneconsonant, add

-erl-est onger c ean

2

BlackSwan SurlawsHouse x****

beautful 3 3 y2 friend 2 romantic 3

longer cleanest

3 far 1 3 (4) quiet2 smallI

Rules 1 Don'tusemoreandmostwithadjectives with l syllable: ong-+ onger-+ longest -+ cleanest cleanr cleaner

with 4 Don'tusemoreandrnostwithsomeadiectives 2 syllables --rcleverest c ever-+ cleverer --+ -+ quiet quieter quietest

with2 syllables: 2 Usemoleandmosfwithadiectives peacefu--+morepeacefu.+ mostpeacefu borrg { morebor-g - mostbo'i1g

with3+syllables: 5 Usemoreandmosfwithadjectives -+ moreexpensive -r moslexpensve expensive -+ moreintellgent r mostinteigent inteligent

with 3 Don'tusemoreandmostwithadjectives -y 2 syllables with at theend: easy-+ easier-+ easest --r happiest happyi happier

o[

Norule! bad-+ worse-+ worst far--rfurther/ farther-+ furthest/ farthest good-r better-f best

2a

b

+ Theywereookingat a newisland. - Theyweren'tlooking at a boat.

Theywereishingwhentheysawsomethng. t grewlarger. Whiletheyweresalingnearer,

theysawsomething. Whiletheywerefishing, grew whenit suddeny Theyweresailngnearer larger

to talkaboutan action/event Usethepastcontinuous at a timein the past: . theaction/ eventstartedbeforethetime,andit afterthetime. continued At aneo'clock,I washavinglunch.

Past continuous atfirmative I She ne

was

I

ooKng. stt ng. lyng.

You

carryrng

+ TheyweresaiingintheAtlantic. - Theisandwasn'tgrowing smaller.

were

They

. anotheraction/ event(inthepastsimple)stoppedor changedthefirstaction/ event. Whilelwas walnngin thepark,a dogbit ne! in theparkwhena dogbit ne! lwas wall'rng

negative I She HE

wasn't (was not)

It YOU

They

weten't (werenot)

looking. sitting. rytng. carrying.

walkinq inthepark

ql!.91 ldog

1 Wherewereyoustanding? 1f Whowasdrving?-f. 2 fast?/\ Washedriving 3

|

partof the withthe pastcontinuous Usewfirile past simplepartof the ORusewhet withthe sentence Withwhle,put a comma(,)afterthe past sentence. partoI thesentence. continuous

b 2a

now I

Yes,hewas. Theshortman. Nextto the teEpnones

68

Whowasstanding nextto thetelephones? 2 Werethernenspeaking quetlyto thebusdiver? Whatwerethey arguing about? 1

Theaccident. Sue

No,theyweren

4a

Past continuous

b

questions I she he

it you

was

1 Whch,one 2 Whch,ones

I sne he t

visiting? doing? going?

WeoftenuseWhichin queslions withoneor ones. A n]anht thebusdriver. Whichone?

,watching?j

they

Whatdoyouwant? I wanta pen Whichone/pen doyouwant? I wanttheredone

shortanswers I

I sho he

was.

you

you

rney

they

wasn't. was nol.

weren't were not.

3T

b

plane. He s theplotthatbult thesmalest p anethatcanf y at Concorde s a passenger 2,300kilometres anhour

1 Robert H Stafis themanwhofewthesnralest plane 2 Cancatde s whichca'es passelgers.

c

1 Bumble Beeisa panethatisonly2 6 metresong

2 TheWrghtbrothers werethepilotsthatflewthe lirstplane.

that

person

who

that

thing

which

Usewhlch(orthat)for things.Usewho(orthat)for peopre.

YOUCan usethatfor peopleandthings.

4a1

4 one

Usel,yhich for askingabouta thing/things or a person/people froma smallgroupsof things/people. Weknowallthethings/people in thegroup: = Whichcarwashedrving? canseethreecars.Hewas drivngoneof thesecars. Whichphones arenew?= Therearet\/o groups of phones. Onegroups new.

were

2F

3 ones

diving? standing?

you

he it

2 ones

ore = a singular countable noun. Hewaswearing a jumperlt wasa redone. ores = pluralcountable noun. Shewasstanding nextto thephones- thenewones-

mey

_. 'hat ,hete lhen

I one

Orville andWiburWright wereblqthelg who invented theaeroplane lley built whichflew36.5metres. 69

/ emphaticpronouns Usereflexive . to showthatthesubjectandtheob,ectarethe same: Wesawourselves onvideo. 'alone' . to mean or 'withouthelp': myself I d d myhomework

2 object pronouns

reflexive pronouns

me

myself

vou(g )

yourelf

hm

himsef

her

herseli

it

itsef

us

ourselves

you( 6+)

v0urseves

them

tfemseMes - l

Useeachotherto showthatan actionis happening or groups: two people/things between to himand to eachother.= Sheistalking Theyaretalking to her heistalking Theyoveeachother.= He ovesherandsheloveshim.

c

-b probem. Studying usedto bea qrobem.

b + Carolusedlo hatestudying. - Shedidn'tuseto remember things. ? Didsheuseto forgetnames? Whatdid sheuseto hate?

2a + usedto forgeteveMhingl - I didn'tuseto enjoyit. ? Dldyouuseto enjoyschool? Whatdidyouuseto forget?

questions

Used to atfirmativeand negative 'I

She HE II

You 'lhey

Did

usedto didn't useto

studyhard.

I she he rt you

useto wok?

they Who Where What When

whv

did

I she he it yoy they

7o

useto visit?

shortanswers I sne he 'es, it you

did.

No,

they

I sne he it you

Useusedto lor . thingsthatyouusuallydid in the pastbut don,tdo . thingsthatweretruein thepastbutarenor ue now . thingsthatusuallyhappened in thepastbutdont happennow

didn'i.

they

1 now=a nextweek=c

t

b

2a + YoucouldsmelltheBadBrothers from200metres - Hecouldn'tcatchthem ? Willhebe ableto walk? Yes,hewill.He'llbe ableto run.

could

Past could

Future will be able to

affirmativeand negalive

atfirmativeand negative

will be ableto

Hecoulddo it.

He'llbe ableto do it.

Hecouldn'tdo it.

Hewon'tbeableto do t.

Couldhedo t?

Willhebeableto do t?

I

:1e a

could coutdnt

]U

will be able to won'tbe ableto

ooL

',e

/.J.r

They

questions

rutd

questions

I sne he it you

do t?

she ne it you

Will

they

they

could.

do it?

they

snon answers I she ne :s, it you

be abteto

short answers I she he No, it you

I

sne he Yes, it you

couldn't.

they

rney

Jsecan/ couldI will be ableto to tatk aboutability: Shecando it. = ShejSabteto do it in the present.

she

will.

ne

No, it

won't.

you they

Shecoulddo it. = Shewa9 ableto do it in the Dast. Shewill be ableto do it in the future. 71

1b

1,/

2a

T I can'ttellyou. 2 Shesaidthattheyweresecret 3 Theplansarefor a robot. 4 | saidthatI waslookingfor the plans.

2./

Reporting verb:ask . Weask(someone) i/hodwhavwhen/where/which

3)(

Heasked(then'r) if shecouldsee. Directspeech Usespeech marks(' ')to wrtesomeone's words. Don'tchange theperson's words.

Reported speech Tospeakaboutsometh ngwhchsomeone saidchange presenttensesto pasttenses. b

I said

2tod

3 tod

4 saiu

Reporting verbs:say,tell . We$aysomething (toson]eone). Hesaidthatshecouldsee . We!9ll someone (about something/someone) Hetoldthem(thatshecouldsee). . Weuslallyputthataftersayor tel/,butSomet meswe oonL 4

1 Wherearethe plans? 2 | askedherif sheknewProfessor X. 3 Whereis the robot? 4 Smithaskedif it wasdangerous.

20 tb

l yes

2a b c

1=abity 2 =permisson l no 2ra 1no 2yes

3a

T Youmustcomehomeai 1030 2 Youmustn'tbelate. 3 Youhaveto getupearly. 4 Theydon'thaveto getupat 5 o'cock

b

2no

3 so'clock

can affirmative

negative

I She fle It YOU

can

doii.

Can

I she he it you

shortanswers Yes, do t?

I she he it you

No,

they 72

do ft.

They

questions

Weusecanto talkaboutability.Butwe alsousecar to askotherpeopleandcheckit is OK(asking for permission) beforewe do things: pease? CanI useyourcomputer,

can't

YOU

They

1 Youmustgetenough seep 2 Youmustn'tcomehomeat 1200 3 Youhaveto meetyourgranddad. 4 Theydon'thaveto comehomeat 10.30.

She He t

they

can. can'

Weusemusfandhayeto to talkaboutthingswe can't chooseor decideaboutlor ourselves. Forexample, rules: Youmusttakethelibrary books backtothe lbrary Shehasto weara schooluniform.

must afiirmative

negative

I She

I She l|e

HE

Wealsousemustnlin the sameway: Youmustn'tsteal.

It Y0u

Butdont hayeto is different: Shedoesn'thaveto stayin.= Shecanstayinor shecan goout.Shecanchoose.

They

rnust

do it.

It YOU

mustn't

do it.

They

have to affirmative

Weusecar (forpermission), mustandhayeto to talk aboutthepresentandthetuture,notthepast.

I YOU

haveto

They

ooL

She

He It-

has to

negative I - * l,'" YOU

don't haveto

They She He It

+ past simple

pastparticiple beon

build

but

bqllt

do

oto

done

gve

gave

given

see start

I'vebrokenmyleg.- | can'twalk. brokemyleg,- Butit'sOKnow

seen sianeo

started

IOOK

taken

doesn'thaveto

Thepastparticiple formfor regularverbsis thesame asthepastsimple,for example: finished- finished. pastsimpleformshaveinegular Verbswithirregular pastparticiples too. Usethe pastpaliicipleto makethe presentperfect simple. Usethepreseniperfectsimpleto talkaboutactibnsin the pastwhichchangethingsin the present.

2 infinitive

do iti

73

Past pariiciples irregularverbs be begrn break brng build

ouy catch come cosl cut do draw ornK drve eaI fall find ly fofget

was/were oegan broke bro!ghi built bought caught came cost cut oo orew oranK drove aIe fell ieo rcuno few forgot

been oegun broken brought built bought caught come cosr cur done drawn qrunK driven earen fallen fed found flown forgotlen

ger gve go grow have hear nrl keep know

maKe mean

meet

went grcw nao nearo ht

learned earnt made meanl met

PUI

' reao rde run see srng

rode ran saw sang

3a + Thevillagers havedonethework. + Theworkhasbeenhard. - Thepeople haven'tbuilta well.

1b

2c

3a

b

1b

2c

3a

st sleep

sme

saI

slept sfltet|eo SMEII

stand

spoke spent stood

SIEAL

slote

write

wrole

I YOU

nave They

Withthepresentperfectsimple: . Usejust for something thathappened a veryshort timeago. . Usea/ready for thingsfurtherin the past,Weoften usea/ready to showthatan actionhasfinishedearly. . Useyet in negative to talkaboutthings sentences thataregoingto happenbut haven'thappened. . Weusuaffyput.rustandaheadyallet havelhasand Weusuallyputyet at the beforethe pastparticiple. endof thesentence: I'vealreadydonet. l'vejustdoneit I haven't doneit vet

seenit. ,s has

negative I YOU

haven't have not

They She II

74

smelled sme|I sPoken spenr stooo sloren

swum swam took IAKEN IAKE taught teacn taugnr told tel told thought think thought throw threw thrown understand understood understoo WOKCN wake woke wear worn

affirmative

fle She II

saI

swm

Preseni perlect simple

b vllagehavebuilta weJl. + Thepeople inAnoma's - Theworkhasn'tbeeneasy. 5a

got given gone grown nao heard hit kept Known tearneo learnt made meanr met put reao ridden run seen sung

gor

seenit. hasn't has not

written

22 lb

1T

2a

1 Haveyouf l'tshedyourhomework? 2 Yes,I have. 3 Where haveyouputthechocolates?

21

3F b

Present perfect simple questions

lave

1 HaveElena andKimfinishedtheirhomework? 2 Yes,theyhave. 3 Whohaseatenthechocoates? Liaflrhasl

short answers

I You

tl You

You

have.

WC

meY las

Iinished?

Yes,

she he t thave

What Where

4a

Yoll visited?

nas

theY she he it

she he rt

be/go = Hewentandcamehome. He'sbeento Scotland. = He'sn Scotandnow Hesgoneto Scotland Usebe notgo to talkaboutvisitsin thepresent perfect: Ne'sbeento Scotand everyyear. go to Scotand nextyear. iHe'l Hegoesto Scotland everyyear.)

haven't.

WE

No, nas.

theY she he it

hasn't.

1 Haveyoueverbeento Brazil? 2 l'veneverbeento a foreign country

b

1 HaveyouevereatenPaulo's cooking? 2 l'venevereatenBrazlian food.

c

1a

2b

Usepresentperfectsimplequestions to askabout actionsin the pastthatchangethingsinthe present. Useeve.withpresentperfectsimplequestions to ask aboutthingsthatwe havedoneat anytimein ourlives, Usethe pastsimpleto askandanswerquestions aboutthetimeof actionsin the past.

e3 lb

l yes

2 don'tknow 3no

4 don'tknow

b

1 Derbywill keepthetrophy iftheywn theinal.

2alThey'paychelseaiftheywin2lfslokewintomorrow'theywillplaychesea nextweek 2 lf he snt ft, hewon'tplay. 3 lf Stokedon'tw n tomorrow theywon'tplay Chelsea nextweek c

75

future

Firstconditional Usethefirstconditional to talkaboutpairsof actions or eventsinthefuture,Butwe don'tknowthatthefirst actionor eventwillhappen. Weuseif + thepresentsimpleto talkaboutthefirst actionor event,andthefuturesimpleto talkaboutthe secondactionor event.

. if + presentsimple + comma l,l

futuresimple (wif/won't+ infinilive)

lf

t rains,

l'll stayin.

lt

lt doesn'train,

I won't stayin.

. futuresimple

if + presentsimple

l'll stayin

if

it rains,

I won't stayin

if

it doesn'train.

24 lb

1 Theworkers. 2 Theworkers 3 KarlvonFrsch

2a

1 HoneyBeesarekeptbyfarmers. 2 Holeyis madebyLhewo+erbeec. 3 TherdancewaswrittenaboutbyKarvonFrisch.

b

1 Thedrones arechasedbytheworkers. 2 Theworkis donebytheworkers 3 BeeswerestudiedbyKarvonFrsch.

Usethepassive . whenwe don'tknowwhodoevdidtheaction: Mybagwasstolen(=someone stoemybag I don't Knowwnol . whenthe actionor theperson/thing it happens to is moreinteresting/important thantheperson/lhing whodoesit: Beesarekeptbyfarmers. Thequeenwasbittenbya dog

Passive active= Thedogbil thequeen. = Thequeenwasbittenbythedog. passive

Useby to talkabouttheperson/thing thatdoes/didthe action.

Presentsimple passive = presentsimpleof be + pastparticiple

Past simple passive = pastsimpleof be + pastparticiple

am She rie It

I She He It

ts

spokento everyday

was spokento everyday.

YOU YOU

afe

They

They 5a

b

Theydo a danceThedancetelstheother workers whereto ook Theyivetogether ina hive.Thehives blilt by theworkers.

Weusea/a, to talkabouta singular counlable nounfor thefirsttime.Peopledon'iknowwhich thingyouaretalkingabout. Weusetheto talkaboutthesamethingagain peopleknowwhichthingyouare because talkingabout.

Every hivehasgota queen. Thequeens fedby INE WOTKETS

KarvonFrisch wrotea book.Thebooks about bees.

76

Meating

Meqning

Medfing

13 fisherman flower24

honey24

food2

hot dog 17

monster'13 /rost8 museum 4

footballmstch1 6

hotel12

musrctgn3

footprintl4

hospital19

France 22 fun 6 f u f t h e1r 2 furthest12

g s6 s 8

I

sate 8 sentle5 sently5 se L l shost'12 siraffe11 sIass8 soat I sr o u n d1 7 suidebook4

h

n

i idea6

n e s r1 3

important 6

NewYear3

inside 7

nice'l'l

intelligent 12

night5

tnterpreter 3

noisily5 rloisy5

leisur€dctivitles 6 libraty20 tiqht(n)I

loud5

ha p py s

loudlys

hive24 hobby6

orangeladj)14 outside7

large11

happen2

h it14

onion'10

I

lookat 2

15 helicopter

on ume 23

king24

h amster1

heat8

on foot17

k

literature3

healthy3

omelelle't0

Jumper10 junkfood3 just 21

h amburger 20

hara 5

o

jogging6

p potnter2 paintinq2 parrot15 pass23 passenger 12 pattentladi 5 patiently5 pay'16

m mammoth17

peaceful 12

meal6 mtrror16

pepper10 perhaps l

money4

permission 20

monkey5

phone 14

7a

Meaning

Meaning

Meaning

physics 3 ptlot15

savei

team23

seatbelt14

tell18

p l a n1 8

secret9

terribly5

p l a n e1 5

semifinal 23

themselves 16

player23 p o t n1t 6

send7

tomqto10

shspe22

tool 4

policeofficer14 polite12

shell4

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