(continued on back cover)
Long forms
Short forms
Questions
Present simple of be I"you are
I am not you are not he is not she is not it is not we are not you are not they are not
he is she is
*."*" you are they are
Itm youtre he's she's it's we're you're they're
I'm not you aten't he isn't she isn't it isn't we aren't you aren't they aren't
am I? are you? is he? is she? is it? are we? are you? are they?
I don't like you don't like he doesn't like she doesn't like it doesn't like we don't like you don't like thev don't like
do I like? do you like? does he like? does she like? does it like? do we like? do you like do they like?
I'm not working you aren't working he isn't working she isn't working it isn't working we aren't working you aren't working they aren't working
arn I working? :rre vou working? is he working? is she working? is itworking? are we working? are yori working? are they working?
I wasn't you weren't he wasn't she wasn't it wasn't we weren't you weren't they weren't
was I? were you? was he? was she? was it? were we? were you? were they?
didn't help
did. . . help?
didn't go
did...go?
I wasn't working you weren't working he wasn't working she wasn't working it wasn't working we weren't working you weren't working they weren't working
was I working? were you working? was he working? was she working? was it working? were we working? were you working? were they working?
Presentsimple I like you like he likes she likes it likes we like you Iike they like
I do not like you do not like he does not like she does not like it does not like we do not like you do not like they do not like
Present continuous I am working i;,;., :, , you are working''^ he is working she is working it is working we are working you:rre working they are working
I am not working you are not working he is not working she is not working it is not working we are not working you are not working they are not working
I'm working you're working he's working she's working it's working we're working you're working the1"1gworking
Past simple of be I was you were he was she was rI wils we were you were they were
I was not you were not he *as not she was not lt was not we were not you were not they were not
Pastsimple of regular verbs helped
did not help
Pastsimple of irregular verbs went
did not go
-
Past continuous I was working you were working he was working shewasworkinS it was working we were workjng you were working they were working
I was not working you were not working he was not working ="she was not working itwas noiwbrking wewere notworking you were not working thev were not working
Contents Fage
I Are you running away,?
Presentsimple or presentcontinuous?
4
2 Who inventedjeans?
Pastsimple or pastcontinuous?
8
3 We've repaired the car
Presentperfect simpleor presentperfect continuous?
72
4 Have )/ou seenBen?
Presentperfect simpleor pastsimple?
16
5 Horv much do you want?
Questions
20
6 FIe'sgood at drawing
ing form; so/neither do I etc.
21
7 Could vou help us?
would, could for requests; Uncountable nouns
28
8 She lets Ben do an,vthing
let, make; Indirect speech(present)
32
I The film had almost finished
Pastperfect simple; Pastperfect continuous
36
l0 I've bought you a preserlt
Verbswith two objects; Time clauses
{:
11 She said that I waslying
Indirect speechin the past
{5
12 You needn't learn
mustn't, needn't; had better, would rather
5i)
13 It must be ajoke
must, can't for deductions; so, such
il
L4 They are both from Liverpool
both, neither;
f,Ei'
all, none
l 5 If I had more money . . .
Conditional sentencestype 2
ffi
1 6 The photo I like best
Relativeclauses
Eb
need./want + ing; have/ get something done
il
r 7 It needs cutting
I I
Fage -l
18 Nick told Ben . . .
Indirect questiohs; Indirect commands and requests
74
19 You ought to turn it down
ought to, should; Phrasal verbs
78
20 I wish mv nose wasshorter
Question tags;wish + past simple; Plural nouns
82
2L Has the thief been found?
The passive:simple forms
86
22 The plane is being repaired
The passive:continuous and infinitive forms
92
23 I want to be a doctor
Verbs with to + infinitive
24 If you hadn't . . .
Conditional sentencestype 3; may, might for possibility
100
25 Playit more slowly
Comparison of adverbs; wish + past perfect
t04
Verbs with to + infinitive or ing form
108
27 They won't havefinished
Future perfect simple and continuous; Present simple for future time
t12
28 Going to Cornwall
Tense review
116
)
I
I -1 I
I
I
.96
)
tI
I
I
I
26 Do you want to go
?
I Present simple or presentcontinuous?
I
JENNv What's wrong? Are you running awavfrom something? JANE Yes,a horrible green lizard on a skateboardis chasing me. JENNv That isn't alizard. That's Trig, an alien from Triglon. He's very friendly. JANE I don't care who he is, I don't like him. I don't usually talk to aliens. Merton is a verv strange town. JENNYArevounewhere? JANE Yes.I live in Kingsley,but my brother Ben and I are stayingwith myAunt Sarahand mv cousin Mike for afew months. I haven'tgot any friends here. JENNv Well, f'm going to the cinema with mv brother tonight. Do you want to come? JANE Yes,thanks. I love films . . . But is Trig coming?
I
r
Grarrmar lesson Presentsimple
Presentcontinuous
We use the present simple
We use the present continuous
r,
r
for things that repeatedly happen (or don't happen) especiallywith ahva;rs, often, usually, sometimes, never, every day etc.:
s
for things and factswhich do not usually change:
r
r
with verbs such as like,love, hate, dislike, know, believe, think:
r
for something that is happening at the moment of speaking, often with now, at the moment, today etc.: Are you runnhtg awq from something? for something that is happening for a limited time in the present: to talk about future plans, often with time expressionssuch as nextweek, on Tuesday, fqnighf; Is Tiig coming?
t
r
f
t t t
r
t t
li
&
Ll.
\
t^
-Yi l{
-
'j :-l i:-
," t'] : _i ^t t: : ::,:l
-.: :
Fit the he/she/itforms of theseverbsin the present simple into the puzzle. do hurry
be have
begin mix y'
Debbie Fosteris returning to Nlerton.She has won an Olmpic medalfor swimming.What's happening?Use the verbsfrom the box in the presentcondnuousto completethe sentences. come v stop shake
Fit the ing forms of theseverbsinto the ptzzle. forget choose y' hit lie
rhake
J,'
enter ride wave
get out ry stand
Now the car t^ CoTnLn4
happen
round
the corner. Tlvo policemenon motor bikes in front of the car.
A policeman
the
traffic. Somepeople
4
Now Debbie
5
The IVIavor
flags.
of the car. hands
lvith her.
the town
Now Debbie hall.
[o see
7 Jenny and Nick what'shappening.
8 Trig
on Nick's
shoulders. Chapter I
3 Do you watch too much television? These people were askedif theywatched too much television.Here are their answers. Yes,I think I do. I'm a cartoon fan. I never missa single one. I spend three or four hours a day in front of the TV.
Sayif thesesentencesare true or false. Correct the false statements. True.
I 2 o J
4 5 6
MA X
nI
No, I don't.I have other things to do. I play the piano and read. I watch nature programmes,but I don't usuallyknow rvhat'son TV.
MARION
I don't think that I rvatchtoo much TV.l rvatchfor about an hour a day.I like video clips but I think game showsare stupid. I read the TV guide from cover to cover, so I alwaysknowwhat's on. D AVE
Yes,I do. As soon asI come home from school I turn on the TV. I sometimeswatch for about five hours a day.My Mum doesn't sayanything. I do mj, homework in the mornings when I'm fresh.
8 9
10 11 I2 13 14 l5
I
Fake. Shedoesn'tuatchgamzshows. Dave likes video clips. Marion watchesTV for three or four hours aday. Jill playsthe piano. Max never missesa singlecartoon. Jill does her homework in the evenings. Marion readsthe TVguide from cover to cover. DavewatchesTV for an hour a day. Max hatescartoons. Jill phonesher friendswhen she comeshome from school. Dave spendsfive hours a day in front of the TV. Max watchesTV for an hour a day. Dave alwaysknou'swhat's on TV. Marion likes video clips. Dave hatesgame shows. Max thinks that he warchestoo much TV.
I
/
t_
L L
r_
Work with a partner. fuk and answerfive questionswith do or does.Give short answers. PARTNER
No, he doesn't.
telnision? PARTNER
Yes, they do.
Write your own opinion in a short paragraph. Do you watch too much television? What do you like? What don'r you like?
I don't watch too much
t_
Chapter I I
J
I
J
l i J I
-! D e :e c:i*t:s l :',r-:i Tom and Nick are watching the house acrossthe street.Somethingstrangeis happening. Put the verbsin bracketsin the presentsimple or the presentcontinuousto make correct sentences. roM
\Mhat > arc yow ,ltatvg
(you stare) at?
NrcK There'sa man at theJohnsons'house.He
I
> d^oeA'rithe
-
(not live) there. I wonder
what he l
(do).
(visit)theJohnsons.
roM
Perhaps he
NrcK
No. Thev're not at home. Thev both I
(work) in town. They 1
(catch) the
sametrain asDad everymorning. It's strange.He (look) at the housevery carefully. Tor{
(try) to open the gate,but
Norv he
(climb) over the
it's iocked.Lookl He /
l
garden rvall. I can't see him now. NIC K
Let's follow him. I want to seewhat he
TO}I
He
(do).
(go) to the garage. He
t0
(carrv) a ladder. Norv he
I1
(put) the ladder up to the bedroom
window! NrcK
He must be a burglar . . . Hev! You! What l2 (youd o )?
}I A N
It' s all right, boys.I'm an insuranceagent.I (examine) the storm da mage to
IJ
t4
the roof. TheJohnsons
(know)
that I'm here.
nn
I..] IJ ,
.t
I
I
EItJ
Chapter I
2 Who inventedjeans? ToM
You'vegot mud on yourjeans.
NrcK So what?The prospectors'jeanswere much dirtier. , roM
You mean during the Californian Gold Rush?Did theywearjeansthen?
NrcK They saythat the prospectorswere the first people to wearjeans. They didn't wear their best clothes to look for gold, you know. ToM
Pastsimple or past continuous?
Who inventedjeans?
NrcK Levi Straussmade the first pair ofjeans in America in 1850.He wasa tailor.He was travelling from New York to San Francisco,when he met somemen who were digging for gold in a cold, muddy r ive r a nd...
Grammar lesson Pastsimple We form the past simple with ed or d for regular verbs. invent -r invented live --+ lived Irregular verbs have a specialform. Look at the list at the back of the book. wear -+ WOre meet --+ met We use did + infinitive without to for questions,and did not or didn't + infinitive without to for the negative. ThE didn't wear their bestclothes. We use the past simple for an action that started and finished in the past, often with a time expression.
Pastcontinuous We form the past continuous with wasr/were+ an ing form. We make questionsand negativeforms like this: He uas not (on utam't) trauellingto Nan York.
t t t t t t t
L
t r --
-
We use the past continuous for an action that wasalready happening at a particular time in the past. T
(
2:
Past simple or past continuous? \
t
\Arhenone action interrupts another, we use the past continuous and the past simple together in one sentence. We use ihe past continuous (wastravelling) for the longer a-ctionand the past simple (met) for the shbrter'interrupting' action.
r
Franciscowhenhemet somemzn.
L
t_
in the pastsimple can you find? Ho* -u.ruv'erbs Are there fourteen, sixteenor eighteen?
j
a .K
xc o
V IEV
CAM E
EN
T}IR
L T N A,
SE
EX
RE
zsA
Y
EN
TZ
FW
ERE
xGo
TX
xz
G
AV
EEA
BV
EH
K
NO
\,VAT
J AR ooK
KW
AS
F
OU
ND K
xxE
RA
NZ
B
RO
UG H
TZD
ID
KW
J
a.
'l il:
-,v3::
:jl:';
KW
C:a:llf,'
Jennv went to u 0u.,... When Jl. arriu.d, this is what she satr'.
II
-\ --' / I\,
J-,
<>
-\
\,\brk with a partner. Study the picture for one minttte, then cover it. Take turns to read the questionsand give answersusing the past continuous. 4
I
2
or a girl? A girl uas standingnear theuindou. What was the girl near the window doing? How many people were standing near,the food? What was the girl in the corner doing?
5
6 7 8 9 t0
lVhatwasthe girl in the cornerwearing? How many people were dancing? Wasanybody sitting on the floor? How many people were playing cards? Wasanybody sleeping? lVho wassinging?A boy or a girl? Wasanybody drinking cola?
3 Howjeans came to America Put the verbs in bracketsin the past simple or Pastcontinuous. Levi Strauss> U.m.&
(come) from a small town in the south (be) ayoung man, he
of Germany. When he I
(fall) in love with the mayor's daughter. (notwant)
But the mayor and Levi's parents them to marry.
(send) him awayto NewYorkwhere
Levi'sparents1 his brothers 5
(be)
(live).They (teach) him to sew.
tailors and they
(take) somesailcloth from NewYork
In 1850.Levi9
(meet) somemen. They to San Franciscowhen he l0 (dig) for gold in the streamsand rivers.The weather was bad. It l l t2
(blow). The men were cold becausethey
l3
(wear) only thin trousers.
(rain) and the wind
L L L L L L L L :
Suddenly Levi l 4
(have)an idea. He
15
(use) the sailclothwhich he
16
(transport) to make Eousersfor the men. Then he
t7
(sew)on metal studsto make them stronger.
The men l8 l9
(love) the trousersbut they
-
(not like) the yellow-greycolour. So when Levi
Strauss 20 91
(open) a tailor'sshop in San Francisco,he (import) a specialthick blue material from Nimes
in France.That's howjeans3
(become) blue.
L L L L-
Chapter 2
r I
I
A 'a
Where did he come from?
Ptc'1.
e
A Ingnt I
a
Use the words in bracketsto write questions about Levi Strauss.
a
-
Whe,r<.d+d h,e au*- fwn? I
His parents sent him to America. (Where)
2
His brothers taught him to sew.(What)
4
Read aboutJane'sfrightening experience. Put the verbsin bracketsin the pastsimple o:' the pastcontinuous. 1> Uu'!h'L
(catch)the nine o'clockbus home lastnieht. 11>urtuJ (get) dark (rain) hard aswell.
and it l 3
4
In 1850he setout for SanFrancisco.(When)
When I ?
(get off) the bus,
there wasno one in the street,onlv an old man
who 1
J
4
He met some prospectorson the way.(\Mho)
(take) his dog for a walk.
He1
(walk) in the opposite
direction. t
5
6
They were digging in a river. (\Ahere)
They were wearing thin trousers.(What)
Suddenly,II behind m e.I9
(hear) footsteps (begin)to run
but thetr7
(come) nearer and
nearer.I9
(run) faster and
faster,andI9
(shake)with
fright. t
7
FIe wastaking sailcloth to California. (What)
t
He made trousersfrom the sailcloth. (What. . . from)
{
I finally 10
(reach)home,but
ll
(put) the key in the
d o o r, I t2
(feel) a hand on my
just asI
shoulder. A man'svoice t3
(sav),'Excuse
me Miss,here's your umbrella.You l4
J
I
J
(leave)it on the bus.'
The men didn't like the colour. (\,Vhv)
10 He imported blue material from France. (Where. . . from)
Think of an experienceor a situationwhich frightened you. Write a short paragraph about it. Include where you were,what you were doing and what suddenlyhappened. Read your story to the class.
J
J
I I
l-J I
Chapter2
3 We'\'e repaired the car
presenr perfect simple or presentperfectcontinuous?
JENNv Nick, you're coveredwith oil. What have you been doing? NrcK Well,Jane'scousin Mike hasbought an old car, and it has been making strange noises,so we have been helping him to repair it.Jane and I have been working on it for hours. We'vejust finished. We've cleaned all the parts.The engine looks like new.
lLl "'
JENNv But Nick, you have never repaired a car be fore. . . );rcK
t_.t
t__.|
It's easl'.And look, I've found all these extra screl\rs.
-r L.-
tGrammar lesson Presentperfectsimple
Presentperfect continuous
Form
Form.
have or has + past participle
have been or has been + ing
-....-
Use
Use
We use the present perfect simple
We use the presentperfect continuous
u
r
E for a completed action which has an effect or result in the present:
Chapter3
for an action that beginsin the past and continues up to the present.The action may be finished or unfinished:
r
with for and since and how long to emphasizehow long an action has been happening:
r
often with the long acrion verbsplay, learn, do, wait, live, rain, work, sleep etc.:
(result:The engine looks like new.) z, for a completed action at an unknown or unstated time, often with ever and never:
I
hehas bem working
Look at the back of the book for a list of irregular verbs and their past participles.
for a completed action with just, already and yet:
r -
-
i--
L L L L
I t_
I I_
I I
I
R-ng t-nepast participles How many past participlescan you find? Be careful! Some words are in the past simple form.
I
KX D R Aw ' N S I
LS
Azq
NZJUTRST
ow
TFR
OZ E N E IPO
WA
EXS
W U i l IYZ T OL
NWE
NTRANTKE
TA
KEN
a .w A SS EE N
FE
LLA,
D R T V EN N a .
SH
AKE
N XGON Ea .Z
Round the class,saythe infinitive,pastsimple and past participle forms of the verbsyou have found. infinitive
I
J
I
I
N
IVl
past simple uas
past participle been
I
2 The race I
I I
i a I I
J
Ia
Look at rvhat has happened in the race. Read the sentences and put a y' to show if they are true or false.
True
I
--
I
II
I J
J
I I
t
!
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0
Driver 3 has fallen out. Car 7 has lost its steeringwheel. Cars I and 3 havecrashed. Car I has lost a wheel. Driver I has fallen into the water. Car 7 has got stuck in the mud. Driver 4 has driven into a tree. Car 3 has a flat tyre. Car I has overturned. Car 4 has won
False
MT NM NT
nx NT
!n
!T NT
nn
NT
!n
n tr
Work with a partner. Ask and answerfour questionsabout the race. PARTNER
No, he hasn't.
pARTNER
Cars I and 7 haue lost zuheek.
S^<-X Chapter3
L L
3 Activities a
Write new sentencesusing the present continuous with for.
Pamtakesriding lessons. Shestartedin 1991r
Ja'n*- /'n"t bzLt+ ta*rng tn
!.?/3.t4141 to7- -..
tauit
t__
U?ZrS.
1 Jenny playsthe piano. Shestartedin 1988.
l_
Tom collects football posters.He started in 19 8 7 .
Marion writes to a pen-friend in Athens. She
startedin 1989. I
3
Nick goes to a youth club. He started in 1990.
4
Paul draws cartoons. He started in 1989.
10 Peterworksin a supermarket on Saturdayr.L He startedin 1992.
11 Jill goes to karate lessons.She started in
5
Jane collecs old bottles.She startedin 1988.
re87
12 Ann writespoems.Shestartedin 1990. f
Tom plays football for the school team. He started in 1989. b
Saythe answersto (a) with since. Jane has beentakingtennis hssonssince1991.
t
D
4 I have been collecting . . . On a piece of paper, write a sentenceabout a hobby or sport thatyou do regularly. Use the present perfect continuous with for or since to sayhow long you have been doing it.
I lv,ue bet L @V
lah'* f*
fufl'htf
tun gurt.
Do not write your name on the paper.
Chapter 3
The teacherwill collectall the papers giu. "ia them to different students.
-
Taketurns to guesswhosepaperyou havegol f Continue until you havefound the right person. lhetchuplabekfm twoyears? GEoRGE Yes,I haae. oR No, I haam't.
L L
a
I
a
t
3
14hat have th"y been doing?
a
Complete the sentenceswith the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous.
I
_'
magazine.She hasn't finished ityet.
I
J
I
(look) for his pen-knife,
Ben but he hasn't found it yet.
4
I
,
an hour, but it hasn't arrived yet.
I l I
-,
(wait) for the bus for half
Jenny
3
(play) a computer game
Nick for two hours and he's still playing.
-i
4
{
Mike hasn't finished painting his car yet. He
I have got it right!
(work) on it for two weeks. J
(not come) home yet.
Amanda
I
She has been shopping in town since l0 o'clock. I
6
I
+-
l'"r lc.n
(make) strange
Mike's car
iT{"b
noises.Nick andJane have cleaned all the parts. 4 t
Ben'has been drawing cartoons for two hours. He
o"
(not finished) yet.
I
4r...
8 Amanda has been waiting forJenny in town.Jenny (not arrive) yet.
I
J
9 Jane.has been knitting a pullover. She fiust finish) it. 1 0 Tt
4Fo
(rain) all day and it hasn't
stopped yet. J
II
Mr Blake has been marking testsall evening but he (not find) a perfect one yet.
J
t2 Trig
(practise) the present
perfect, but he hasn't got it right. J
J
Think of ajob or activity that you have started but have not finished, for example, something that you are making, reading or drawing. Write a short paragraph about it. Sayhow long you have been doing it.
c3>
+
j
J
.J
Chapter 3 --t
J\
\^5=r
\J
-..]
3 flave you seen the film? Cross out the wrong verb forms. YesterdayNick
> metltMet
Paul and Ben on his way to school.
'Metal Man Strihes Bachis on at the cinema. I Have you seen/Did you see i t? ' 2 has asked/asked Nick. ' No.I
3 haven't gone/didn't go to the cinema for months.'
4 answered/hasanswered P aul.'I 5 haven't been/wasn't
since my
birthday.'
'But I 6 saw/have seen Metal Man Strih.es BachII and TheFly'sReuenge,' 7 said/has said B en.'I
q::?
8 have seen/saw them last week in Bristol. My
cousin'sfriend t has given,/gave us two specialpasses.We saweight films in two days,' 10 has explained/explained
Ben. 'But I can't remember
any of them.'
r
4 Haveyoue ve r...?
I
Practise making dialogues with your partner by using the information in the table. Then fill in the empty part of the table with your own ideas and make new dialogues with your partner. Haueyou anerbeento Spain? PARTNER
Yes.I haue.
YOU
Whendid you go there?
PARTNER
I went theretuo years ago.
What/Whne
Whm
to Spa/rtuo qeart a:qo see frfuToatr ol Lond"ot+ w tqql Larfrftislt, watch thz h,b.u Sl'lnu) go
read
frz,nkpn*Ain
-two tytotbl-u aAo
hear
a. ru^il,b platt
-hrt
-
Chapter4
hreek
What/TVhere
When
l
5 How much do you want?
Questions
NrcK Can you lend me somemoney until the weekend?
Grammar lesson
ToM
Questions
Have you spentyour pocket money already?How much do you want?
NrcK Howmuchhaveyou got? ToM
Not much. Do you need more than a pound?
NrcK flaven't you got more than that? roM
No. Sorry.I had to buy a new light for my bike yesterday.Why don't you ask someoneelse?
NrcK Why did you need a new light?What happened? roM
Someoneknocked my bike over and broke the front light.
NrcK
Who knocked it over?Why didn't they pay for it?
roM
I don't know.I didn't seewho did it.
I -J
1
In yes/no questionsthe auxiliaryverb comesfirst. The subjectcomesnext, then the verb.
_l _l f.
Can you lend me money? Yes/No. Have you spent it already? Yes/No. Do you need a poundi Yes/No.
r
1
__J
Questionswhich askfor information begin with question words: where, when, what, who, which, why, whose, how, how much etc. We put the question word before the auiiliary u.ib. How much Why
have did
you got? you need it?
l -l
t
:
If who or what is the subject,the verb in the question is the sameas it would be in ' an affi rmative sentence. subject.) (What is the subjecr.) Whathappened? If who or what is the object of the verb, r we make the question with a form of do. Compare: (Who is the subject.) Whodid Nich see? (Nick is the subject. Who is the object.) To make a negativequestion we add n't to the auxiliary verb. Negativequestions can expresssurprise or regret. Whydidn't thE payforit? With Why don't you/we. . . ? we can make suggestions.
Chapter 5
-=.-
_
_T
-I J
What kind of person are you? Complete the questions with the correct form of be, have or do. Then ask your partner the questionsand put a y' in the correct box. yes
Arc Do
ti
-
-l
!
j
I
you enjoy puzzles?
I
you sometimes day-dream?
9
you ambitious?
o J
your room usually tidy?
4
you like getting up early in the morning?
IN TN
J
clothes important to you?
tr n
b
you seriousabout sports?
I
being fit important to you?
nn
TN TN
10
you cry during sad films?
nn nn ntr
l1
you laugh a lot?
tr!
r2
you ever written a poem?
nn
13
you ever get angry?
T!
T4
some colours make you feel happy?
I5
you got a lot of hobbiesand interestsi
t rT ln
you worry when you make mistakes?
9
you often bored?
icr
Who did it?
JL.
iE
XM MN TI
you sometimesshy?
8
a
no
Last Saturday night someone shot the actor Henry Farthing at his flat in London. Inspector Soameswants to know the answersto these questions. Put in the correct question words: who, what, when, where, why, how, orhowmuch. Sometimes two answersare possible.
did Farthing go rvhen he left the house? 6
did he meet?
I
did he meet him at six o'clock?
8
sawFarthing last?
I
did the murderer get into Farthing'sflat?
10 I
was the motive?
2
is the main suspect?
3
information have the police got?
4
happened on the night of the
doesJanetJones,his girlfriend, know?
ll
did Farthing phone her that evening?
r2
is the gun?
murder?
t
Chapter5
I
3 All about sharks Use the words in bracketsto make questions about sharks.
!
8
Soup can be made from sharks.(What)
I
(How many)
How rnnnt fupu of slqn* A,rc tt42t9? Sharkslive in oceans,but some live in lakes and rivers. (Where)
!
In Florida about 120,000sharksare killed everyyear.(How many) ;
Whzt<,d^osha,ila thn? 10 Fewer than 100 people are attackedby Sharkseat fish, seals,crabsand seabirds and sometimessurfboards.(What)
D
sharkseveryyear. (How many)
I
? I
2
The Whale Shark is the largest shark. (Which)
F I rF
Sharks'teeth can be 7.5 centimetreslong. (How long)
r I
4
Sharkscan have3,000teeth. (How many)
F
I F
Sharksfind their preywith their senseof smell. (How)
The Megamouth sharkwasdiscoveredin 1983.(When)
m
-
Millions of sharksare killed worldwide every year. (How -*y) Are there any sharksin Merton Pond? t
T
Chapter 5
T
a
! i
I
ilIystery man
3
\!ho? lfhat? When?
Read the m)'ster)'man's answersand write the questions. Then guesswho it is.
a
Vlakethree quiz questionsabout eachfact. Begin rvith who, what or when. Ura n u sin 1 7 8 1 . Wrc discoaered Uranus? Wen did HsrscheldiscounUrar'us? Wat did Herscheldiscousr in 1781? Whenwas Uranusdiscouered?
'ao oo ao qg oo gos
a
1 2
'
3
I I
4
Edisoninventedthe light bulb in 1879. Howard Carter discoveredthe tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922. Henry Dunant founded the Red Cross in 1 8 6 4 . Daniel Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe in 1719.
I
/
c
J
I
I
I wasborn in 1947. I was born in the States.
Make quiz questionsabout the history of your country. Write five questionswith who, when, where,what or how. Ask your questionsround the class.
I I first use.l a movie camera when I was a boy.
I 2 o
I filmed toy trains.
c A
T
5 I starteddirecting TV programmeswhen I wa s21 . I madeJawsin 1975.
Suggestions With a partner, make suggestionswith Whydon'tyou...? You lt's hot in here. PARTITER Wy don't you opena zuindow?
E. T wasmy biggestsuccess. It made more than 700 million dollars.
o J
-
I have also directed IndianaJones,TheColor Purple and Hooh. .a
1
2
The mysteryman's name is
4 5 6 F7
8 9 10
I'm thirsty. I've got a headache. I'm tired. I've got a lot of homework to do. I'm hungry. My bicycle is dirty. My feet are wet. I'm cold. I'm alwaysshort of money. Mv watch is broken.
-Chapter 5 t
j
6 He's good at drart,ing
ing form; so,/neither do I etc.
I have an idea. We all need money',so how about*itirg and selling a newspaper?
T OM
JENNY
That's a good idea, Tom. But is anybody interested in \ riting articles? Well, I like uriting stories. So does Ann.
JA NE A MANDA
So do I. And I enjoymakingup quizzes and puzzles.
T OM
I don't mind interviewing people.
\ I CK
Neither do I.
JE NNY
How about asking Paul to do the drav"ings? He's good at drawing cartoons.
N I CK
So am I.
TO ]\I
No, you're not. You can't draw anything.
NICK
Neither c:rnyou. Anylra;l I'd like to write about cleaning up the environment. Everybody'sinterestedin that.
J
Grammar lesson ing form We use an ing form I
after the verbs like,love, enjoy, dislike, hate, can't help, don't mind, start, finish: f *jq maktngup quize,es. I don't mind intqvieuing people.
2
after prepositions about, at, in etc.: drawings? He's uerygoodat drawing cartoons. \\ho's interested in witi,ng artichs?
so/neither do I etc. We use so . . . to agree with affirmative statementsand neither . . . to agree with negative statements. If be, have, do, can, could, should, will, must etc. are used in the original statement,we use a form of the sameverb after so-or neither.
7 I
F I
I
|' I |' I
rI rI 7 7 I -
Soam I. Soare Tbmand Mihe. Youcan't drau. Neithercanyou.
]
But if the verb in the statement is an ordinary , verb (like, enjoy, know etc.), we use a form of do after so and neither. ,
SodoesAnn. Sodo I. I don't mind intrui,ewing p eoplc. Neitherdo I. Neithu doesTbm.
, I
t
cr,unt.. o
r
Are vou good at drawing?
newspaper
\Aiite true answers to the questions with verbs in the ing form. l
1 |i ti
-
No,I'm nrt. Bul,I arngod- at,
J 'j l -
on
li l$
Yu
l:l -4 -
I an+. f 'm a,ha ,arod. aL
tl ,-l t!l
lE Jj ;.i -: 1
lii 1;
J:
:
2
Are you interestedin collectingstamps?
3
Are you bored with watching television?
4
Are you good at savingmoney?
1
ii i': t.,
-:
Put the verbsin bracketsin the ing form. NrcK Peopleare tired of >ra&uV-
_t
(read) about the sameold things in
I
newspapers. JENNY Have you got any new ideas?
ra
NrcK , Well, I'm good at I (write) about football.
ta
JENNv That's not new! Can't you think of (do) anything else? NrcK
Are vou interestedin reading computer magazines?
Whv? Isn't evervbodv crazv about
(play) football? JENNY
(have)
No. How about 1
a music page?You're fond of
tt
Are you tired of doing Englishexercises?
(listen)to music. NrcK -
And we could have a joke column. I'm (tell)jo k e s . good at 6-
JENNY Are you still l n te re s te d l n J
-
I'm tired of making mistakes.
(do) an article about
the environment? -
-
NrcK
Of course.And I've got an idea. How (organize)a about 8competition? Readers have to suggest (make) schools ways of 9-
'greener'.They shouldsendin ideason -I '!
s
10
(reduce) wastepaper
... like stopping exams,tests,essays -.= Chapter 6 ,
He loves playing chess like love hate dislike not mind enjoy
How good ajudge of character are you? Look at the three people and sayfive sentencesabout each of them with words from each box. Use the ingform.
wash up play football sew take exercise sleeplate eatpizza
drive fast cars read about philosophy play chess fix the car listen to music
C I
7
I -I I
I
M I SS
MA Y
L A RRY
PROFESSOR
] I
PERKS
L-
5 Cornpare yourself with others
\4lhat Ben can do Ben haswritten sentencesabout himself.Max and Ann have put a ,/ to show that the sameis true for them or a x to show that it isn't uue for them.
]\T AX
ANN
trM Ben likesbasketball.SodoesAnn.
MM Ben can't speahGreeh.Neithercan Max or Ann.
1
I
Saysix setsof sentencesabout what you have in common with other people (looks,interests,likes, dislikesetc.). Include sentenceswith so . . . or neither. . .
Make sentencesabout Ben and his friends with neither or so, like this: BEN
-
I 2 3 4 5 6
My hrothercolkctsinsects.Sodo 1. on Neithn do L My cousindoesn'tlike mushrooms. Mybrother/sister/cousin My father My mother My bestfriend The pupil next to me Our teacher
2 o J
4 I 6 I n I 8 I 9 I 10 I c
I
havegotapet. don'tlike country music. have been to Spain. am not shy. don'twatch romantic films. don't know how to dance.
Chapter6
M M
Mtr Mtr I E
M tr
M M
Amanda doesn't like mice. Neither do L
=
L L
ilIatch the speakers Match the statementsto the answers. Who is speaking to whom?
I
; E NNv
I would like to have a new bicycle.
PETER
I like pizza.
JA N E
So would I.
' 1 ( (( tt\) t
ti: '" t\
qfti))
2 seu
/^)h I won't be fourteen until next year.
TRIG
I don't like going to the dentist's.
BRIAN
3
peur
4
AMANDA I can't dance very well.
5
Nrcx
I have bought a new cassette.
TOM
6
BEN
I couldn't do the Maths test.
JAMES
7
oavn
I'm going to the pop concert.tomorrow.
Neither will I.
MARToN Neither could I.
S IMON
Chapter 6
I
7 Could you help us?
_t
would, could for requests; Uncountablenouns
-J aI
Grammar lesson would, could When you ask for something, would and could are more polite than can. We use would you or could you when we ask someone to do something.
( I
I 7 I I
We use could I and couldwe to ask for permission.
t_ e
II
NrcK
Mike, havevou heard about our newspaper?
MrKE Yes,I have.It soundslike a great idea. But I expect you'll need some help. NrcK
Well, we need some advice and a lot of information. Would you help us with a few things?
Uncountable nouns
J
We can count nouns like book. They have a singular and a plural form. J
Some nouns are uncountable.They have no plural form and they take a singular verb. We use them alone or with some/any, a lot of, 7 II notmuch, howmuch. We do not use them with a/an or with numbers. t-
MrKE Of course.\Arhatcan I do? NrcK
Could you drive us to interviews?And could I borrow your microphone and tape recorder?
... and could you lend us some money for a computer. And could I
Kinds of food, materials (e.g. sand, gold, 7 I wood) and abstract nouns are often Luncountable. Here are some more examples:
v advice fun furniture help information
jewellery knowledge luggage money music
news progress traffic work
I
I
v
information. With a piece of we can make uncountable nouns countable: a piece of advice, two pieces of news. The word hair is countable and uncountable. A single hair is countable. The hair on your head is uncountable.
7 F
Would you change the oil, please?
B"ittg polite
Mike has taken his car to the garage. Here is his list ofjobs for the mechanic. \,!'hat does he say?Begin with Would you . . . ?
Make requestswithCouldI. . . ?
7
r
Wqu.U qow c,t1at14etdte otL, pleaat T r
I
check the brakes
2
oil the doors
3
replace the broken light
7
4
check the tyres
7
5
repair the radio
r
7
6
put in a new battery
Would you sendthe bill to my mother,please?
You are in a shoe shop. You want to try on the black shoesin the shop window. ow tla blar* slues tn CourbLI *t
7
7
tA,e windn^t, Flu,u? You are in a caf6.Ask for the bill.
7
You are at an airport check-in desk.You would like to have a window seat.
7
You are sitting in a restaurant.Ask someone at another table for the salt.
r I
You are having a meal at a friend's house. You would like some more potatoes.
rI
You are in your English class.You want to borrow your teacher's dictionary.
7 I
You are in a restaurant.You would like to use the telephone.
I
I
I I
I
Chapter7
F I
I I I I I l l
3 The Ancient Egrptians a
Do you know thesefactsabout the Ancient Eglptians? Crossout the wrong r.r'ords. \\'e have found a lot of interesting
about life in Ancient Egypt. Most Egyptian children wenr to school when rheyu,ereeight.
Therewassportfor the boysonly,whichwasn't
F/-".lr
I
fun for the girls. The teacherswere very strict, but the Egyptians 1 musics/music
and most children learned to play an
rnstrument. Eglptian houses did not have as
houses.The furniture
2 much/manv
3 was/were
Iurnrture as our
usuallymade "t F-t4
nood, but rich peoplehad furniture d.ecorated with
tr;71
ivorv or gold.
,|J L I
L, LL, L-
r r
Their clothes were made of linen but in winter, some people wore
wool. Becauseof the hear,mosrpeople wore rheir 7f ^t] 7 hair/hairs short.Rich people sometimeswore wigs.
\\bmen *o..
I 8 til
9 a lot of/many
jewellerywasmade of 10 -/" |
I gold. All
men and women,whether rich or poor, wore make-upand perfume. Thev got milk and lot of
1l meat/meats from goats,and they ate a
l2 fish/fishes . They sweetened their
with honey. Thev baked their ovens.They also ate
t_ l_ l_,
beautifuljewellery. Eglpt had gold mines,
Chapter 7
13 food,/foods
14 bread/breads in mud-brick
15 a lot of/manv
fruit.
lb
I I I I -l )
J 4 .J J J
I
I ,J
Savif the sentencesare true or false.Correct the false ones. furniture in their houses. False.Thq didn't hauemuchfurniture in their houses.
c
\Abrk rvith a partner. Ask and answerfour questionsabout the Ancient Egyptians. Ask about their furniture, their clothes,their jervellery,their hair or their food. > you
Did theAncientEgptians weartheir hair long? rARTNER No,thq woretheirhair short.
True. I 2 3 4 5 6
We haven't found much information about life in Ancient EgJpt. Not much Egyptianjewellerywasmade of gold. They didn't eat much fruit. They ate a lot of fish. The men wore make-upand perfume. The children had a lot of fun at school.
Find the mystery word Which words are uncountable? Ring the uncountablewords and fit them into the puzzle (across)in order to find the mystery word (down). suitcase coin progress music answer week
gold fact luggage news chair sandwich
furniture money slqry 6D knowledge song
I I
-l
The mvstervword is:
Chapter 7
B She lets Ben do anythitg
let, make; Ind.irectspeech (present; E
JENNvWhat'swrong,Jane?You look upset. JANE I u'antto go sailing,but my aunt won't let me go. She'stoo strict. Shelets Ben do everything, and he's younger than me. Yesterdayshe let him watch TV until midnight. Shemakesme do the washing up everyday,but she never makes Ben do anything. It isn't fair.
Grammar lesson let, make After let and make we use an object + infinitive without to. She lets him She makes me
do do
everything. the washing up.
Indirect speech (present) This is direct speech. This is indirect (reported) speech. We can leaveout that.
7
say is a reporting verb. If the reporting verb a is in the presenttense,there is no changeof I I tensein indirect speech. Later,Jennl' tells Nick aboutJane's problem. JENliy Jane says that she wants to go sailing, but her aunt won't let her go. She says her aunt makes her do the washing up every dav but she never makes Ben do anvthing. NrcK
It's exactly the same at our house. Mum makes me tidy up and she never lets me play loud music.
Shesaysshewantsto go sailing. (presentindirect)
r I
l__
Sometimesother wordschangein indirect speech,for example,pronouns.
f L
Jane saysthat hq aunt won't lethu go. (indirect)
f l_
r
L_-_
r-r r
I '_.']
r+ F
Chapter 8
I
I
I I
li
LJ I
,J
I
lL--
lr Ll
I
It makes me laugh What do these things make you or others do? Use words from each list to make ten sentences. Onionsdon't makernecr\.
I
onions puzzles jokes presents toothache quizzes a new hair style funny cartoons exercise sad films
make(s) doesn't/don't make
you me my sister/brother my friend some people
feel happy laugh cry feel cross think feel tired feel good
I
r
I'J L
F
u r'r
l-.r 2 ia
lL, '
They let me have parties Sayfour things from the box that your parents let you do. Sayfour things that they don't let you do. Theydon't let mzstayout late.
,J l*
-
--
rl
have parties stayout late go on holidaywith friends buy your own clothes go out in the eveningsalone bring friends home listen to loud music wear whatever clothes you want watch late films on TV talk on the telephone for hours spend los of money on records
What do your parents make you do? What don't they make you do? , Write a short paragraph. Here are some ideas: keep all your things in your room help at home eat everything on your plate get up early on Sundays do homework every night do the washing up clean your shoes
?
Kidnapped!
Sports at school
Someone has kidnapped the son of the industrialistJames Thornton. The Thorntons have just received this note from the kidnappers.
Amanda is doing a surveyfor the newspaper. She is askingpupils what they think about sportsat school. I hate running round the gym and getting hot and sweaty.We shouldn't haveto do
TYehuu.mlltEfililtil yonnr son.
is riole and, rnre1.
You must not police.
the
,
,
games at school. It's got nothing to do with
we have not hurt hirn. FIe
,
learning. D
Everybod,v should do sports every day.Two lessonsa week are not enough. Most pupils don't take physical fitnessseriously
't,.
,ir o(
They should teachjudo or tennls, notJust running orjumping. I would like to do aerobics and selfdefence.
\Ne wants11smillion Bounals
in@l!
-,
,
j
police You dill sgn again.
veh.;
a {.
,
D
'
What doesthe note say?Finish telling what the note says. Thorntons'son.It says. . .
I am very good at
ga-mes. I love all sports: swimming,skiing, f o o t b a ll. . . I t ' s ro o we have to learn maths
and geographyat
I like sportsbut I don't like the oneswe do at school.I once fell off
F
the rope and broke m
F I I
Teachersshouldn't give marksfor games.Some pupils are too weak or unfit. It isn't their fault if they're not good.
?
I I
F I I L_
MA R IA
ChapterB
F
p
Answer the questions. 8
lthat doesJill sayabout gamesat school?
sports lessons?
I
What does Beth sayaboutjudo and tennis?
What does Dave sayabout the sports they do at school?
3
What does Nlaria sayabout pupils who are too weak or unfit?
10 What does Beth sayabout aerobicsand self-defence?
What does Nlaria sayabout marks for games? Work with a partner. Sayrvharyou rhink about the number of times you havegamesclasses each week and the kinds of gamesyou play.
4
What does Simon savabout physicalfitness?
Your partner then reports lvhat you sayto the class. Wehauetoomam)gamesclasses.
What does Nlark sayabout maths and geography?
PARTNER John sals ue haue too many gamesclasses.
What doesJill sayabout running round the gym?
7
I
What does Dave sayabout a sports injury?
Headlines Make up three newsheadlines.They can be serious, amazing or funny. They don't have to be true. Write them on a piece of paper.
Your teacher will collect them and give them to other pupils. They must tell the classwhat the headlines say.
AILiaAhtueiMlzd, NatYo*.
Chapter8
9 The film had almostf;nisired roM
Pastperfect simple; Pastperfect continuous
Did you enjoy the film yesterday?
NrcK Well, it's a long story.I got on the busbut I had forgotten my bus fare. roM
NrcK I got off the bus and ran home, but everybodyhad gone out. I couldn't get in, becauseI hadn't taken my key.So I went to Paul's house to borrow some m on e y. . . Wait, let me guess:he'd spentall his monevthat afternoon.
NrcK
No. He hadn't come home yet. When he finally arrived, I had been waiting for twenn'minutes. After he had lent me some money,I caught the next bus. But when I got to the cinema,the film had almost finished.
Grammar lesson Pastperfectsimple I
We forni the past perfect simple with had + pastparticiple. Look at the list of irregular pastparticiplesat rhe back of the book. Nichhadn'tput hiskq in hispochet. Had youforgottenyour key?
2
Longforms
Shortforms
I had forgotren I had not put
I'd forgotten I hadn't put
Yesterdaymorning
Yesterdayevening
Now
I hailfrgotten my rnonE.
I couldn't buya ticket.
Nick is telling Tbrnhisstm1.
This happened before that.
We often use the past perfect with becauseand after. Aftn Paulhad lent nrcsonumo.rLq^, I ciught thi next bus. Chapter 9
r r r
I
r
t
We use the past perfect for a past action which happened before another past action.
,
I I s I :
So what did you do?
ToM
fI
r r l
r
t
t
9 The film had almostf;nished roM
Pastperfect simple; Pastperfect continuous
Did you enjoy the film yesterday?
NrcK Well, it's a long srory.I got on the busbut I had forgotten my bus fare. roM
So what did you do?
NrcK I got off the bus and ran home, but everybodyhad gone out. I couldn't get in, becauseI hadn't taken my key.So I went to Paul's house to borrow some m o n e y. . . ToM
Wait, let me guess:he'd spentall his monevthat afternoon.
NrcK
No. He hadn't come home yet. When he finally arrived, I had been waiting for twenn'minutes. After he had lent me some money,I caught the next bus. But when I got to the cinema,the film had almost finished.
L L
,
t-
Grammar lesson
t_ t_
Pastperfectsimple
1
I
We forrri the past perfect simple with had + pastparticiple. Look at the list of irregular past participlesat the back of the book.
t_
Nichhadn'tput hishq in hispochet. Had youforgottm your kq?
2
Longforms
Shortforms
I had forgotten I had not put
I'd forgotten I hadn't put
t
We use the pasrperfect for a past action which happened before another past action. Yesterdaymorning
Yesterdayevening
Now
I hadforgottat rnl rnonE.
I couldn't buya tickct.
Nick is tzlling Tbrn his stmy.
,
This happened before that.
We often use the past perfect with becauseand after. Aftn Paulhad lent nrcsonlemorlq^,I caughtthi nextbus. Chapter 9
t
r
l_ I-
t.
r t
Pastperfect continuous We form the past perfect continuous with had been + an ing form for all persons.
i
We use the past perfect continuous for a past action which continued until another past action happened.
a
I
I
Past
Past
Now
Nick had.bem waiting . . .
Paul aniaed.
Nick is tellingTbm what happened.
(fortwenQ To""*r.
I
This happened before that.
1 Nlystery word Can you recognize the past perfect forms? If the verb is in the past perfect simple or continuous form, leave the letter in the box at the end of the sentence.If the verb is in another form, crossout the letter in the box. If your answersare correct, you can answer the question below. I had seenhim before.
H
Has she written to you?
x
I
I am talking on the phone.
U
9
The boy hadn't been to the disco.
A
3 She had long hair.
N
4
Had she forgotten to pay?
N
5 Your friends have arrived.
A
6
How long had he been waiting?
N
I
We had had supper.
I
8
Had you met him before?
B
I
He hasn't been living here long.
A
l0
She hadn't had a shower.
A
u
Had she been writing a letter?
L
OO
Question: Who crossedthe Alps with thirtysevenelephantsin 281 BC? Answer:
Chapter 9
What came first? )
Read the sentencesand put a ring round the action that came first. Then write one sentence with the past perfect simPle and because. .^.
Nuokdld;t
,qeLm, bunuz
tn fi,e yLkl, {afLp tur'e,,at.
LLe/1ai- fTrqnful.
/"4 k?4
hnL stdkn hff S,tn,ti,orLfuraLL/J!- s6t4-tzo14,e-
blkz. I
1 Tom spentall his pocket money.He couldn't buy a pen. 2
Ben felt ill. He ate four packetsof crisps.
3 Jenny didn't havebreakfast.Shefelt very hungry. 4
Mr Bell couldn't read his letters.He broke his glasses. Nick couldn't play basketball.He hurt his thumb.
6
Ben didn't turn off the tap. The bath overflowed.
'7
Mike forgot his wallet.He couldn't pay the restaurantbill.
8 Jenny got sunburned,Sheforgot to put on somesun cream. 9 Jane couldn't go out. She didn't do her homework. 1 0 Sue failed the test. She didn't revise for it.
t,
r
I ..@ 9 ,. Chapter 9
t
I
T
lI l l
3 ffarrv's career
Harry Biggs
Read the notes about Harry's career then answerthe questions with after and the past perfect simple.
left school
j
t t/f+ sotLo6L.
joined the army
I
When did he rob the bank?
I
2
When did he work as a waiter?
got a job in a L o n d o nb a n k
+
lost his job
I
ro b b e da b a n k
3
When did he get ajob asa singer?
t wentto prison
t
-
I
I I J I J J J
Did he form the pop group before or after he had made a record?
+
g o t a jo b a s a s in g e r in a n ig h t c lu b
5
When did he become a millionaire?
+
made a record
I formed a pop group Did he write his book before or after he had become a millionaire?
7
When did he go to live in Los Angeles?
I b e c a mea millio n a ire
+ wrote a book +
went to live in Los Angeles
8 When did the pop group break up?
+
popgroupbrokeup
I 9
When did he marry Goldie?
marriedGoldie Bruce,film star
t
I J
,J
worked as a waiter
l0
Did he make the film before or after he had bought the restaurants?
boughta chainof restaurants
t made a film
;
Chapter 9
4 Who's guilty? Inspector Soamesis investigating the murder of Henry Farthing. He has discoveredthat shotswere heard at 9.13 last Saturdaynight. He has askedeveryone in Henry Farthing's block of flats what they had been doing before they heard the shot. Look at the picture and write what they said they had been doing.
out
-_
stlpryf.
_
The Wilsons
BILL JONES
1
MrsJones
THE WIL SO NS
_
-t
Marl'Wells
2
MARY
o J
THE COOK S
4
THE BAXTE RS
3
MAX
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\\'ELLS
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a
PINI
The Baxters
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t-
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THE \^ /OOD S
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7
SARAH
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8
ALF BROWN
G R EEN
Do you knowwho the murdererwas?Write your reason. I think the murderer was becausehelshe saidthat he,/she but helshe
Henry Farthing
Chapter 9
Green
l rl
L L L L L L L
5 What had th"y been doing? Use the words from the box in the pastperfect continuous to complete the sentences.
eat frght read y'
repair run sit
try wait watch
revise swim
6 About you Talk about the last time r you felt very tired I yourfeetached r you were verywet What had you been doing? How long had you been doing it? I had beenplaying basketballfortwo hours.
She I
all evening. walking around townfm hours.
Amandawas hot and sore.
She
in the sun.
2 Jane had oil on her hands. She a friend's
standing in therain in thecinemaquzueforhalf an hour
motor bike. 3
Tomwas hotand outofbrea th. He
4
Ben's clotheswere dirty. He
5
in the park. withJason.
Sue was angry. She for Mike for twenty minutes.
6 Jane wasnervous. She
aTV
programme about crime. 7 Jenny had a stomachache. She
sourgrapes.
Sue was tired. She
for examsall
night. 9
Mike wascold. He
in an unheated
pool. 10 Trig fell asleep. He past perfect continuous.
to learn the €82
Chapter 9
10 I've boughtyou a present
Verbswith two objects; Time clauses
MrKE Huppy birthday', Ben! Here's the post. It came while I was making breakfast. All your friends have sent you birthday cards. JANE Aunt Sarah has made a cake for you. And she has bought you a new red sweater. She showed it to me. MrKE And this is my present. I got it when I went to town last week. You'll love it. As soon as you have opened it we'll have breakfast.
It's a botrle of
BEN
Oh thanks. perfume. . .
\rrKE
Oh nol It's the wrong box. If I've given the perfume to you, then I've given the football socks to Sue.
Grammar lesson Verbswith nvo objects Some verbs like give, send, show can have two objects: a direct object and an indirect object. The direct object tells us what someone gives, shows etc. The indirect object tells us the person who is given or shown something. Compare the word order in (a) and (b).
Subject
Vnb
Indirectobject
Direct object
Mike Aunt Sarah
gave showed
Ben Jane
the perfume. the sweater.
Subject
Verb
Directobject
Indirect obiect
Mike Aunt Sarah
gave showed
the socks the sweater
to Sue. toJane.
We useword order (a) when the direct object (the thing) is more important. We useword order (b) with to when rhe indirect object (the person) is more important. Other verbswith nvo objectsare offer, pass,teach,write, buy, make. With buy and make we use for insteadof to. Aunt Sarahhasmadea caheforyou.
Chapter l0
I I I I J .f J l J J I J J J J J j J
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I
Time clauses Words such as when, while, as soon as, before, after, until can introduce a time clause. When two actions happen at the same time, we use while to introduce the longer action. In time clauseswe often use past or perfect tenses,but we don't normally usewill or would.
I
Get the order right Put the words in order and write correct sentences. his girlfriend
her friends
2 fr.llkl tr'rdt"dyl Fi'*"rl ['rr.-d] f
3 Eil tr'-tl 4 E
all her friends
Party rn\,'ltatrons
Edl."l f'*t"td."l lp"*lt
5 t"..j,slE
trl..-l f
6 EME
ls".lr
his newjoke
7 tr-""d"] twh;-] the silverbracelet |Tt.rt"'ltrtdro--]E
t'."d] Fp.'t*lalr
E
his new computer game
f
Fh-;.'*dl|llta-l
I
Huppy birthday!
hfike
a
Look at the maze and saywhat they gavetheir friends for their birthdays. Put the words in the sameorder as the example.
Read about Mike and crossout the wrong words.
?
Mike will finish secondaryschool next year,
> when/rXil
7
he's eighteen.He wantsto go 7
to unlverslty
I afterlbefore
he has left
school.Ffe'svery good with computers.He was
7
able to write computer programs 2 when/before
he wasonly rwelve.
L.
He can play the drums and the trumpet. He
r
sometimespractisesat night 3 when/until everybodyis trying to sleep,or early on Sunday mornings 4 before/after
v
anybodygets up. 7
The neighboursare not too happy 5 until/when
he plays with all the windows
Z
open. v
He hasn't got much money,so he would like to havea part-timejob 6 while,/after
h e ' sa t
university,probably playing in a band. He wants to seethe world AHANDA
NICK
Answerthe questions,like this: No, hedidn't. He gauethefootball sochsto Sue. I Did Mike give Sue the perfume? 2 DidJane give Amanda the bracelet? 3 DidJenny giveJanerhe concert tickets? 4 Did Amanda giveJanethe book about horses? 5 DidJenny give Amanda the poster? 6 Did Nick give Tom the road map? 7 Did Nick give Mike the compur.ermagazine? 8 Did Tom giveMike the bar of chocolate? 9 Did Ben give Nick the key ring? l0 Did Mike give Tom the computer game?
7 before/rtter he gets
married, and he doesn't want to get married
u-
7
8 until/as soon as he is thirty. He would like to work abroad
9 until/after
he hasfinished his studies. 10 As soon aslWhile
he haspassedhis
exams,he will apply for ajob in Australia or
F
New Zealand- asa computer specialistor asa 7 drummer. r
Chapter I0
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4 Young ilIozart I
J
Complete the text about Mozart'schildhood. Put in when, while, as soon as, after or before. Sometimes,more than one answeris possible. > WLt elL
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was
born, his father worked as a violinist at the court at
J J J
Salzburg. Mozart's father wasan ambitious man. Mozart wasonly four, his father started practising the piano with him. 2
he realized how talented Mozart
and his sisterwere, he began to teach them all he knew about music.
)
3
I
Mozart wasfive yearsold, he
had alreadylearned to play the harpsichord. He
)
started composing songsl
J
only five - I
j
he was he could read or
write. His father used to write down the notes Mozart playedhis compositions at the piano. In1762, Mozart'sfather took his children to Munich and then to Vienna. In Vienna Mozart played for the EmpressMaria Theresa.She loved his playing. he had finished playing,he climbed on her knee and gaveher a kiss.
j
The following year,the Mozart family went on a tour of Europe. In Parishe playedat the court of Louis xv. Mozart playedthe harpsichord! one of the king's daughterssangan Italian song.Mozart had neverheard the song before. he had learned to write. he wrote down his first great piano concertos. In Rome l n L770,10
Mozartwasstill only
fourteen, he heard music in the SistineChapel. ll
he got home, he wrote the
music down perfectly from memory -
r2
he had heard it only once.
Chapterl0
1l She said that I was lying
Indirect speechin the past 7
MRSFox There you are! I've finallv caught you. You stole a Walkman from my shop yesterday. BEN
I don't know anything about a Walkman and I wasn't in vour shop yesterday.
MRSFox You are ly-g. Boysalwaystell lies. I saw you running away.You were wearing the samebluejacket. I wiil call the police. You'll seel
Grammar lesson
7
Indirect speechin the past 7
When the reporting verb is in the past, (she said, I told her) the verb rensein direct speech changeswhen we report it.
7
Learn these changes: Direct speech Indirect speech ---r present past ---+ past perfect past present perfect --+ Pastperfect Direct speech can will may
Indirect speech --+ could --r would ---+ might
7
7
?
7
Shesaid that I utaslying. (past) Later Ben tells Nick what Mrs Fox said. BEN
Mrs Fox said that I had stolen a \A/alkmanfrom her shop. I told her that I didn't know anything about it and that I hadn't been in her shop yesterday.
N I CK
That's true. You were with me all duy.
BEN
She said she had seen me running away.
NICK
But why doesshe think it wasyou?
BEN
She said I had been wearing the same blue jacket. She said she would tell the police. What shall I do?
Shesaid that I had stol.en a Walkman(pastperfect)
=
Shesaid that shewould call thepolice. (would) If the direct speechis a general statement, the tense does not alwayschange:
]
,
Shesaid that boysahtaystcll lies. (present)
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Chapter I I
I
It wasn't Ben Nick wantsto help Ben. He wantsto find out who stole the Walkman. He askshis friends some questions.Here are their answers. eETER
Write what they said.
Mrs Fox alwaysblames the wrong people. 2
Max
3 Jiu P A UL
I sawa tall blond boy running out of the shop.
MA X
Lots of boyswear blue jackets.
JILL
I don't know anything about it.
4
5 James 6
A LI CE
Mrs Fox can't seevery well.
J A MES
I'll askthe boysin my classabout it.
Alice
Mary
7 Tony 8 Jane I
Amanda
10 Tom
MA RY
11 Chris
12 Joan T ON Y JA NE
Ben has never stolen anything.
A MA NDA
Mrs Fox can't prove anything.
TOM
We will all help Ben.
C HR I S
I know who stole it but I won't tell
you. 1t ( lD
ae J
OA N
I will visit Ben if he goes to prison.
Chapter I I
I
2 You stopped without warning A van driver and a girl on a motor bike have had an accident. Amanda heard what they said. crRL
What a stupid thing to do! You stoppedwithout warning.
DRTVERI had to stop.A dog ran acrossthe road. But you weren't looking. And now myvan's badly damaged. crRL
I didn't seea dog. I'll write down your name and insurance number. My light is broken and the bike won't start.
DRTvER It only needsa bit of paint. It can be fixed in no time. But the back of my van's a mess.The repairswill cost hundreds ofpounds.
I
rl
Later, Amanda tells Nick what she heard. The girl said that the driver
> h^a^ilSto/>pen
without warnins.The
driver said that he I
to stoP
because adog 3
r
acrossthe
road. He said the girl and his van 4
damaged.
Then the girl said that she a dog. She said she 9
down
r
the man's name and insurancenumber. She said her light l the bike 8
broken and start.
The driver said the bike only a bit of paint and it l0
van 72
be fixed in no time. But his
a messand the repairs costhundredsofpounds. r
ll
F{o*' 'green' are you? Nick haswritten questionsfor a survey.Askthe questions round the class.Count the number of Yes and No answersand write the results in the questionnaire. Yes Have you ever used a bottle bank?
5
No ll
1 Do you buy canned drinks? I
Do you sometimesdrop litter in the street?
3 Do you use disposablepens? 4 Did you walk or cycle to school today? 5 Do you turn off unnecessarylights? b
Do you think about noise pollution?
nI
Do you write on both sidesof a sheet of paper?
8 Have you read about the hole in the ozone layer? I Do you use plastic bagsmore than once? 1 0 Do you eat fast food? \ors take turns to saythe results of the survey. Elanenpupils said that thel hadn't useda bottlebanh. Chapter I I
r
i
Can TV rnake you violent?
.l
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Tom is doing a survey for the newspaper.He is hsking people if TV can make you violent.
TV can't make you violent if you are a calm person. I have seen a few violent films, but I don't take them
J
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Violence can influence young people. If they see too many violent Programmes,they will believe that life is like
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I don't watch really violent films. The pictures on the news are bad enough.
TVviolence can only make you aggressiveif you are a weak person. I will never rob a bank just becausesomeone in a film does it.
I
-l JENNY
): I
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What did they say?
I
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If you're a nice Person' TV violencewon't change that. You can alwaysswitch off.
?
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t
I
you uerea calmperson. I Davealso said that. . . 2 Jenny saidthat. . . 3 Max said that. . 4 Nick said . . . 5 Jill said. . . 6 Simon said. . .
I
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I sawa violent film last week. I know the blood wasn't real, but a lot of younger children don't know that.
-t
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Work with a partner. Tell your partner what you think about TV violence.Saynvo sentences. Your partner then tells the classwhat you said. bad.I nann watchuiolentf,lms. eARTNER He said that hethoughtuioknceon telnision wasbad.He said that he naner watched aiolentf,lms.
NICK I I t/
t ,t c
i
Chapter I I
12 You needn't learn
mustntt, needntt; had better, would rather
: F
JENNv Nick, we had better go to bed. It's very late. NrcK
i
I know, but I would rather help Trig than go to bed. He's tearing up his English exercisebook and he's throwing his grammar book round the room. I don't think he'svery huppy.
r I
r r r r
JENNv Well, you had better not stayup too long. NrcK Trig, stop it. You mustn't throw your booksat the wall. It won't help and you might break something. You needn't work at your English now. What are you Iearning? rRrc
abbreviation [n] I U abbreviating, being abbreviated2 C shortenedform of a word, phrase,etc: 'Sept' is an abbreviationfor'September' . . .
NrcK But Trig, that'sfrom the dictionary.You needn't learn the whole dictionarv bv heartl
Grammar lesson mustntt, needntt
had better, would rather
After mustn't and needn't we use the infinitive without to.
After had better and would rather we also use the infinitive without to.
I
We usemustn't when we forbid something. It is stronger than shouldn't.
2
We use needn't when it is not necessaryto do something. heart. Instead of needn't we can saydon't haveto.
We use had better to give advice in a particular situation. For general advice we use should. late. You'dbettn not stnyup toolate tonight. The short form is'd better (not). We usewould rather to saywhatweprefer to do. If we mention two things,we usethan.
Sunda,ts. The short form is'd rather (not).
Chapter l2
t t t
r t t
L L L
r
J
lr :,
Signs \that do the signssay? \talie sentenceswith musbn'tor needn't.
)
I J
Ir{oresuvations necess&ry
Nofishing
I
lytlta.f.rt't
tl
J
fish here.
3 You
reservea table.
4 You
cyclehere.
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Wash in cold or i hot water _l
you nzelrtt
I
washit in hot water.
J
J
Weaccept creditcards
j
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I
You
make a noise between
pay with cash.
ten in the evening and sevenin the morning.
J ,J
TEN N IS CLUB
,J
oDen to non members
2 You J
5 You
be a member.
Noselfservice Pleaseask for assistance 6
You
serveyourself.
I
J
12 chapter
c)
o
c,
Holidavs
J
You are going toJamaicafor a beach holiday. You are stayingat a hotel. What mustn't you forget? What needn't you take?Write five sentences.
My dream house What kind of house would you like to live in one day?Use mustn't and needn't. Write five sentences.
Tt wlit Pala-t.
passport y' tin opener
swimming costume sleepingbag
tenI
plane ticket
\/
L
t,
lETk l,i t BuLkt'h:4144/r'L
f
Z>-25
Nowyou are going on a camping holiday near where you live. Whatmustn'tyou forget?What needn't you do/take/pack, etc.?Sayfive sentences.
i Chapter12
4 What had thev better do? Give advice bywriting a sentencewith had better and a sentencewith had better not. Ben is going to watch a horror video. It will scarehim.
Nick wants a drink of milk. The milk smells sour.
Mr Bell is driving too fast.The speed limit is 30 miles an hour.
I -
2
-t
/
Janehas a temperature. She wants to go out. Aunt Sarahhasn't got any bread. She is having visitors to tea.
I
Mr Bell is going for a long drive. There isn't much petrol in the car. -
Nick is playrng his music too loudly. Mr Bell is working in his study. Amanda andJennywant to leaveschool early.They need permission from Miss Mill.
10 Tom and Nick want to go to the cinema. The film startsin ten minutes. I
5
Mrs Bell has toothache.She doesn't want to go to the dentist's.
)
a
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Preferences Whatwould you rather do? Use I would rather . . . to saywhat you prefer.
I
J
a
5
I wutld,rathersauem) monE than bu,ya CDllnyer I 2 3 4 5 6 7
go to the cinema oR stayat home buy a mountain bike on savemoney revisefor an English test oR go to ^party look round a museum oR watch a basketballmatch go up in a rocket on go down in a submarine work as a fashion designer on be ajournalist listen to music at home on go to a Pop concert
9 l0
learn windsurfing oR take a course in parachutejumping live abroad oR stayin my country play football on watch a football'match on television
Chapterl2
at ,
IJ
T
Ii IIIUSi
i .\-
t)
I C\e
must, can't for deductionsi So,such
Grammar lesson must, can't for deductions
If we cannot explain a problem, we can *ake' deductions from the facts.We saywhat is logical in the situation. , We use must to give a logical answer or explanation: For the negative we use can't. NrcK Jenn)',look at this letter. It savs'For the young Bells.Open with care.' The handwriting is so strange.I don't recognizeit. JENNv Let me have a look. It's so untidy that I can hardll,read it. \rcK
\,!'ell,it must be for us. It can't be for Mum and Dad. Their namesaren't on the envelope.
After must and can't we use the infinitive without to.
t
a
so, such I
We use so with an adjective alone.
2
We use such with a noun (with or without an adjectivebefore it). r
JENNyAnd it can't be a bill. I bet it's from UncleJoe.He's such ajoker. Let's open it.
He's sach a joher Compare:
\-rcK It is from UncleJoe.He's sentus tickets for a helicopterflight over Londonl He ahvayshas such great ideas.
t
It's suchstrangehanduniting. 3
After so and such we can use that to show I' reiult. ' It's suchuntid,yhanduritingihat I can hardl"treadit.
f '
I
l Chapterl3
Jlfhose luggage is itr
l1
Kathy,Frank and Susanare going on holiday. One of them is going to Spain, one to the French Alps and one ro Italy'.But who is going where?
J I I I la
\,Vhatdoes the luggage tell you about the owners? Complete the sentenceswith must or can't and be, have or like.
J J
tnuA,tr be eA;Lt bz
I J J -
able to plav tennis. a man.
1
The owner
British.
2
The owner
readingdetectivestories.
3
The owner
going to a sunnvcountr,v.
4
The owner
a \voman.
5
The owner
able to read French.
6
The owner
big feet.
7
The owner
chocolate.
8
The owner
going on a skiingholiday.
I
The owner
a man.
t0
The owner
jazz.
, -
a
11 The owner
long hair.
I I I
12 The owner
learning Italian.
b
Now solve the puzzle. \4lrirewho the luggage must belong to. 1
The suircase
2
The backpack
3
The straw bag
Write where they must be going. 4
Ibthy
5
Frank
6
Susan
Chapterl3
2 Which one is it? Make deductionsby reading the cluesand completing all the sentenceswith can't be or must be asin the example.
It hasn't got a trunk, so It is much taller than a man, so th e,rtn-'f, 6p, ,t. ltt*'
Answer:It China
rut rt be a, ai.M,#e.
the USA
It ly
Sp.itt
Fiji
It isn't in Europe.so It's a very big country, so The people speakEnglish,so Answer: Rome
NewYork
Paris Chicago Oxford
It isn't in America.so The peopledon't speakFrench,so
It's a capitalciry so Answer: 3
Charles Lindbergh
Shakespeare Louis XIII
Napoleon
Galileo
He wasn't a pilot, so He wasn't French, so He wasn't a writer, so Answer: the Po
the Amazon
the Danube
the Mississippi
the Rhine
lt's in Europe,so It runs through more than one country,so It doesn't begin with D, so Answer:
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Chapterl3
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3 Categories
The helicopter ride
Choosea categoryof people or things: film stars,charactersfrom soap operas,cars,sports, TV programmes,jobs etc.
Complete the sentenceswith so or such. NrcK
He's > f,o
The classsuggestsfour names/words which belong to the category and the teacher writes them on the blackboard. One pupil thinks of one of the names/words. The other pupils now guessthe name/word. They ask questionsand make deductions with can't be and must be.
UncleJoe i" > SLtl-'Lt-
a nice uncle.
kind. He alwayshas good ideas.The helicoprer
trip was
a surpnse.
JENNYYes,itwas
exciting. I
didn't realize that London is
a huge city. There are many famousplacesto see.
skiing gof
swimming sailing
PUPrLA Do you do it in watn? PUPrLn No,you don't. puprl- c Youdon't do it in watn soit can't be swimmingor sailing. Do you do it in the mountains? PUPrLs Nq you don't. puprt- D Youd,on'tdo it in themountainssoit can't beshiing.It must begolf.
N IC K
And they all looked I
small
from the air. We flew 1
close
to Big Ben that we could almosrtouch it. And we flew d
low over
Tower Bridge that I thought we were going to land on it. JENNY
Yes.It *as 9
fun with Uncle
Joe. I enjoyedthe trip
l0
much. N IC K
I got
ll
a fright when you
tried to fly the helicopter.But next time I won't be 12
scared.
5 Holiday complaints Read the complaintsabout people's holidaysand saythem in one sentencewith so . . . that. -
It wassocoldthat wehad to wearcoats. I The hotel discowasloud. We couldn't sleep. 2 The hotel food wasbad. We became ill. 3 Our room wassmall. We could hardly move. 4 The seawasdirty. We couldn't swim in it. 5 The beach wascrowded. We had to walk over people. 6 The shopswere expensive.We spent all our money. 7 The hotel waiterswere slow.Our food wasalwayscold. 8 It rained a lot. Our clothes were alwayswet. 9 The pool wassmall.There wasn't room to swim. 10 The taxis were expensive.We had to walk everywhere.
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5
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Chapter 13
14 They are both from Liverpool
both, neither; all, none
Power Poweris a new rock group. They're playingin Merton next Saturday.The guitaristsRod and Jake are both from Liverpool. They both srarred their careersas actors,but neither of them was a big success.Both of them saythey are happier as musicians.The singer'sname is Nina. She's terrific. All of them write songs.And they are all vegetarians.None of them eatsmeat. They all eat health food and they all do yoga.They will be giving free concert tickets to all the people who buy their new album. ByJaneMarsh t-
Grammar lesson both, neither
all, none
We use both and neither to talk about only two people or things.
We use all and none to talk about more than two people or things. all takesa plural verb. It standsafter be or before a full verb.
both takes a plural affirmative verb. It standsafter be and before full verbs. Thq both startedtheir careersas actors. Both of themsay thq are happin as musicians. neither usually takes a singular affirmative verb. It usuallystandsat the beginning of a sentence.
l-
Theyall doyoga. All of themunite songs. none usually takesa singular verb, but a plural verb is also possible.none usually standsat the beginning of a sentence.
F
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Chapter 14
7
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I Two robbers
I
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2 You and your neighbour
Imagine that you sawthe two robbers in the picture. Answer the policeman'squestionswith both of them or neither of them.
Look at the boy or girl who is sitting nexr ro you. Talk or think about things that are the same,for example,your looks,your age,what you are wearing,what you like or dislike etc. a
Write four sentenceswith both.
> Bafu of u,': ore Mezn We ax- brtt f-mlteu.
.
I
2 3 4
J
b
Write four sentenceswith neither.
> W
I
1 I o J
Yu. BaAl'ttf Anen, u)erc, ta.ll Did they have beards?
No. N€i.tr;lr (
il.tctt+ lLad- b€//d's.
Were they slim? 2
Were they wearing masks?
3
Did they have long hair?
4
Was one of them over fifty?
5
Were they wearing raincoats?
6
Were they wearing hats?
7
Did one of them have an ear-ring?
8
Were they wearing dark glasses?
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Look at the answerswith both in (a). Saythem again as in the example.
4
c{'a'Ys+calh4a"'&'
op.
3 Profile of 'Power'
I
Meet Jake, Nina and Rod.
-_7 I
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From lnstrument Sport Hobby Likes Dislikes Wantsto Supports
Jake,21
Nin a , 2 0
Rod,22
Liverpool guitar hiking photography travelling,reading fast food, politics go on a world tour Greenpeace
Manchester keyboard parachuting astronomy travelling,horses fast food, mice star in a musical Friendsof the Earth
Liverpool g u it a r cycling s le e p in g t ra v e llin g fast food write a big hit WorldwideFundfor Ndture
Saywhat is the same.Use all of them or none of them. AII of themplay an instrument. None of themcomes from London. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Who Who Who Who Who Who Who Who Who Who
is under twenty? does a sport? has dark hair? has curly hair? likes travelling? has a hobby? wants to make a film? comesfrom the USA? dislikes fastfood? supports an environmental group?
Chapterl4
Now saythe sentencesfrom (a) with all as in the example. Thq aIIplay an instrument.
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How are they the same? a
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What is the sameabout these people? Write what they are/were and what they doldid. Use all or both.
Guessing game A pupil thinks of two other pupils in the classand describeswhat is the same with both of them and neither of them. The classmust guesswho the two pupils are.
-l -fl
Lru,t tt)f,t? alL cornt>otc:'l . TLrxrt a,lL cnl
1
Dali
2
Boris Becker Monica Seles Andre Agassi
Renoir
Neithn of themis sitting near thedoor
Rembrandt
?ilfl
:
l I -l
3
Isaac Newton
Alexander Graham Bell
4
Ayrton Senna Alain Prost
5
Catherine Deneuve
6
Mark Twain Jules Verne
Michele Pfeiffer
I J
I -
Arnold Robin Schwarzenegger Williams J
I I I
Saywhat is the same about these things. Use both or all. Thq are bothSpanishcities.
.l ::
Robert De Niro
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
seagull Vienna polar bear MTV apples Australia Volvo kangaroo
crow Athens arctic hare BBC oranges Sicily Ford koala
Rome CNN Tahiti Citroen Chapter l4
15 If I had more mo n e y ...
Conditional sentencestype 2 Grammar lesson Conditional sentencestFpe 2 We use if + past+ would + infinitive without to for situations that are 'unreal'. We imagine a result in the present or future. I would spmd more.. If youutent babl-sitting (butyou don't go baby-sitting), )ou wou@eern a lat of rnonq. When we put the if part of the sentencefirst, we usuallyuse a comma (,) after it. We can also say: You'd.earn a lnt of rnoneyif yau wmt babl-sitting.
ATIANDA
I don't think I get enough pocket money.I need more. Everyoneneedsmore. But if lots of people bought our newspaper,we would soon be rich.
NICK
If you had more money,whatwould you do with it?
JENNY
NICK
If I had more, I would spend more!
A1\{ANDA
That's stuPid.If I got more, I would savemore.
NICK
If I were you, I'd get ajob. If you went baby-sitting,you could earn money.I could baby-sit,too.
JENNY NICK
But you don't like babies. Well, I might like them more if they didn't cry- and if they played football.
Chapter l5
The short form ofwould is'd. Instead of would we can usemight or could in the main clause. (might = would possibly) If I got more,I could saaernore. (could = would be able to) After if we often use were instead of was fbr all persons.
What would thev do? Put the verbs in the correct tenseand form. JENNYIf Nick got more pocket money, (waste)it all on stupid things. he > uJTLdd uJu)/fu, NrcK That isn't true. If I had more money, I] roM
If I2
(spend) it on a leatherjacket. (win) a lottery, I would buy a
CD-player.
II
NI CK
(not buy) a CD-player,
if I were you. They're much too expensive. If I had more money,I 1
J E NNY
(save)
it for a trip to Australia. NrcK
If I !
I9 roM
I7 8
NrcK
If we 9 Il0
(have) a lot of money, (buy) a motor bike. (not buy) a motor bike if I (be) you. They are too dangerous. (not get) so much homework, (deliver) newspapersevery
morning. ToM
What has homework got to do with a morning paper-round?
JENNy Well, you see,Nick does his homework betweengetting up and eating breakfast.
9
rf ...
a
What would or wouldn't you do, if you got more pocket money?Write five sentences.
, Ij= I- got naorc,Fockl ,rwuxg I ur_owtd4 n<pr<-clWaps , If I goL rnorc- pnkc.t tnpnc-! ., f urowHn't co*tpLau, so nncto. I
2 3 4 3
If vou could spend a daywith a famous person, rvho would you choose?What would you do? \l'l'rere would you go? What would you talk about?
Sayfour sentences. would chooseJuliaRoberts.I would go to Hollywoodwith her .. . Chapter l5
3 J ustimag in e... a
What do you think you would do if these things happened? Write your answers. @) scream b squashit c keep it asa pet
if you were alone on a desert island a cry b explore it c look out for a ship
mlr bed,, I uwiltL suu.rn. I
if you sawa famous actor in the street a go up and sayhello b be too shy to speak c follow him or her
if you found a snake in your cupboard a run away b pick it up c shut the door
if you sawa strangeobject in the sky a photograph it b tell your friends c call the police
if you suddenly sawyourselfon television a laugh b recordit c turn the television off
if you found a bag full of money under a tree a spend it b tell the police c share it with your friends
if the phone rang in the'middle of the night a get out of bed and answerit b put the pillow over your head c tell someone to answerit
if you heard a loud noise in the night a hide under the bed b get up and look c go to sleep again
10 if you won a car a b c
sell it give it to someone in your family keep it until you got your driving licence -
5
if you sawan elephant walking down the street a phone the zoo b run the other way c do nothing
L__{,(,W
Do the exercise again. This time,.saywhat you wouldn't do. as a pet. Chapter 15
r
If it happened to me . . . The following things might happen. What would you do if they happened to you? Write your answers.
5 The tropical island game Choose two things from the list that you would do if you lived on a tropical island for six months. Write two sentences. sleep all day climb palm trees play with the monkeys collect shells learn the local language write a book about it
build a boat go fishing all day live in a tree house swim every day explore thejungle paint pictures of it
I unulJ, d*rnb pa,lm-treze
The other pupils must take rurns to guesswhat you have chosen.They can only have a second guessif they get the first one right. If I'found a gold ring in the street,
T- wwL g"n tt t" n! gt'5frer. If my best friend nioved to another town, 2
If I lost my voice,
3
If I sawsomeonehurt in an accident,
would climbpalm trees. You
Yes,I would. (He or she can ask another question.) on No, I wouldn't.
The first pupil to guessboth answerscorrectly then takesyour place.
If someone offered me a Saturdayjob in a butcher's shop, 5
If all the lights suddenly went out, If the television broke down in the middle of my favourite programme,
7
If I found a purse full of money in a bus, If I spilled orangejuice on my English homework.
Chapter l5
16 The photo I like best
Relative ctauses Grammar lesson Relative clauses who, which, that and whose are relative pronouns. They introduce relative clauses. We usewho for people and which for things. We can also use that for people and things. When who/which /that is the object of the relative clause,we can leaveit out. (ox thephotowhich/that I like best) I alwaystakephotosofpeopleI meet. (ox peoplewho/thatI mzet) To show possessionwe usewhose. Prepositions(in, from etc.) come at the end of the relative clause.
JENNv Here are our holiday photos from ltaly. That's the village which we stayed in. And that's Roberto, the boy who lived next door. JANE Oh, is that the boy whose sister is a scientist?You told me about him. JENNv Yes, that's right. He was great fun. We had a good time. JANE I alwaystake photos of people I meet on holiday and places we stay at. JENNv But this is the photo I Iike best. It's one of the funniest f've ever taken. We were eating in a restaurant when Nick's chair broke. He fell and his face went right into his plate of spaghetti.
Chapter l6
J
?
II
v I
Food facts
J i
ChariesDickens
Some of these facts about food are wrong. Complete the sentenceswith which or who. Then write T in the box if you think it is true or F if you think it is false.
J
I I
The food > urLi.c'lu we eat gives us energ"y. tl I
|
t-,
| There are thousands of chemical changes happen in our bodies every
J
e"opte 2
do sportsneedless
energy. J : t
l---l a"rrots arevegetables3
I t'L I ri :
M.ut, cheese,eggs,fish and milk are foods
e"opte 5
I
|
want to lose weight
| In the past,people ate the food grew where they lived.
I
:
|
l-
| Todav we eat food ' all over the world. --
comes from
t L
|
| Vitar.tins are things 8
we need in
very large amounts.
i
|
| People e
sleepall day use a lot of
not pay their debtswere sent to prison. This happened to Dickens'father, 3 first name wasJohn.This meant that Dickens, 4 wasonly a boy, had to visit his father
Later, Dickenswrote books basedon people he had known and places
tl | | oranges are fruit l0
'.t
of vitamin C.
:-
Food ll
t-1
vitamins. Ll
e person 12 never be ill.
he had lived in. In 'David Copperfield' he wrote about the visits 7 he paid to his father in prison. In some of his books he wrote about terrible schoolslike the one 8 he went to himself . In 'Oliver Twist' he wrote about children 9 were poor and sometimesorphans- children l0 parentshavedied. Dickens is known for making up characterslike
energy. --
start work when he was ten yearsold. In England at that time, people 2 could
should eat lots of sugar,cream and butter.
I
family wasvery poor, had to
in prison.
glve us Proteln.
tl
i
make
your hair curly. l_l
CharlesDickenswasan Englishwriter > u1tvo lived from 1812 to 1870.The books > // he wrote are read in many countries. Dickens, I
second.
E
\4hat do you know about Charles Dickens? Complete the sentenceswith who, which or whose. If who and which are not necessary. don'twrite them in.
contain a lot
is fresh contains more
Uriah Heep, Fagin and the Artful Dodger, ll namesare known even to some 12 people have not read the books. Dickens, 13
wasalso a good actor,used
to read his storiesto audiencesin England and ea$ an apple a day will
America.
t-
He married a woman 14 name was Catherine and 15 was the daughter of
{
his first publisher.
L
Chapter 16 .{
3 USA quiz Amanda haswritten a quiz for the newspaper. Can you do it? Put in who, which orwhose. Then ring the correct answer.
What is the name of the famous singer
big housenear Memphis is called _
Graceland? Nhiil"
a ElvisPresley b Louis Armstrong c Jimi Hendrix
flows through the United States? a @ c
the Volga the Misiissippi the Seine
-
Name one of the presidents headsare carvedin Mount Rushmore.
What is the name of the bridge
IS
a b c
built over the San FranciscoBay? a b c
Brooklyn Bridge the Golden Gate Bridge Tower Bridge
\tVhat is the name of the man
becamea famous outlaw in the 'Wild West'?
What is the name of the baseballteam
a JesseJames b Columbo c Fred Astaire
home city is New York? a b c
-
Washington Nixon Carter
the New York Yankees the Cincinatti Reds the Chicago Bears
l0
What is the name of the state once belongedto Russia?
\4lho was the famous American
a b c
invented the lightbulb? a b c
Thomas Edison Henry Ford Bill Cosby
4
What is the name of the waterfall the Angel Falls the Victoria Falls the Niagara Falls
Who wasthe president-
I know sonrconewhosebrother has seen a spaceship.
ended
slavery? a b c
GeorgeWashington UlyseesS. Grant Abraham Lincoln
What is the name of the city in the desert is famousfor its casinosand shows? a b c
LosAngeles LasVegas SantaFe
'r r
Make up some funny facts about someone (tru or untrue). Play this game round the class.Use whose. . .
is benrueen the US and Canada? a b c
r
Hawaii Washington Alaska
puprl- s I knowsonteone whosebrothnhasseen a spaceship and whosegrandmother writespop music. puprr- c I knowsom.eone uhosebrotha'hnsstrn a spaceship, uhosegrandmothn uriir pop musicand whosegrandfatho ridesa motorbihe.
t
PUPrLD I knou sorneone whose. . .
r r r
t Chapter l6
t
I
I l J
5 lVhat's the same? Match up the pairs and say what is the same. Make sentences with a preposition at the end.
spoon
l J
t:
tennisracket armchair
pencil
stool
knife
sleepingbag
glass
Things and people Read the clues and fill in the crossword puzzle. Across
You keep moneyin it. You stickpaper with it. You buy newspapersand magazinesfrom him,/her. 9 You buy medicine from him,/her. 1 0 You put flowers in it. 1 l You eat with it. 1 3 You sleepoutdoors in it. 1 4 You go to him/her when you're ill. l 5 You sewwith it. 5 4t
a I
J
Down
J a
I 2 3 4 6 8 12 13
You drive in it, You pack clothesin it. You go to him,/her when your tooth hurts. You learn English from him/her. You laugh at it. You washyour hair with it. You bakefood in it. You repair thingswith it.
Ask questionsround the classabout the things and people in the puzzle.Do not use a relative pronoun. Don't forget the preposition. PUPrL A purse. PUPrL A doctm Chapterl6
17 It needscutting
need,/want + ing; have/ get something done I What needs doing? a
Complete the sentenceswith need and a word from the box. clean comb mow feed
AMANDA
JENNY
iron pump up repair mend
shorten wash ,/ polish
I
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My hair looks terrible. Do you think it needs cutting? Or does itjust want washing?The last time I had it cut I looked like a boy. Don't have it cut. Get it permed. Then you'll look like the model in this magazine.
[_
r
Grammar lesson
r
need,/want + ing After need and want we use an ing form to suggestthat something should be done to a person or thing. (I/Someone should cut my hair.) My hair wantswashing. (I/Someone should washmy hair.)
F
Nick's socks tttgL I
Ben's finger-nails -
I
Tom'sjeans
have/ get something done
3 Arnanda's boots
We use have * object + past participle to say that somebodydoes ajob for us. We do not do it ourselves.
4
Nick's hair
5
The tyre
6 \
Mike's shirt
Don't haaeit done.Do it yourself. Be careful with the word order. Compare:
Jenny'sdress 8 The washingmachine 9
(= pastsimple,the hairdressercut it.) Ihadantmy hair. (= past perfect, I cut my hair myself.) Sometimesget is used instead of have.
Chapterl7
u:att/r,Cnq . t
t
-
D
Chip
1 0 The grass Do the exerciseagain with want and the words from the box.
t
D
t
J
\rleai are they havrng donei
-)
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Look at the picture of the fair and use the words from rhe box with have to make sentences.
I
J
tattoo read drarv guess '/
J
I
tell take paint
I J
j
J
I
sv
J
MR'S BeLL
I I I -l )
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b
Mrs Bell u h-a,n*uq hon- ^Nr4hf, Jane Tom
o J
Ben
4
Amanda andJenny
5
Nick
6
Trig
qu^p*sd,.
With a partner, ask and answerfive questionsabout what you havehad done. Use the ideasfrom (a) or someof your own. Haueyou ner hadyourfortunetold? eARTNER
-a
No, I haaen't,but I uould like to hauem1fmtune told..on Yes,I haue. Chapter l7
'
Mr and Mrs Rich J
Mr Rich is a millionaire and a very busyman. He and his wife don't do much themselves. They have everything done for them. Read the questionsand write Mr Rich's answers. (my secretary)
]
Doesyour wife make her clothes herself) (designers) -
n4,an2. bnt ,na S?tref,anl . (her hairdresser)
Do you do the gardening yourselves? (our gardener)
No,sl.tpdnem,t. She,htt hnr h^air dmz bg n*r nn*r*+,vut. 1
Do you answeryour letters yourselP (my secretary)
f
t 0 Do you do the cookingyourselves? (our cook)
-
Doesyour wife do the shoppingherselP (our housekeeper)
Do you arrange interviewsyourself.) (my assistant)
lHH
Doesyour wife do the houseworkhersel? (our maid)
Do you write your speechesyourself.) (my assistant)
Do you plan your businesstrips yourself.r (my secretary)
Do you fly your helicopter yourselP (our pilot) I
Chapterl7
I I
1+
I I I J I I I I I
I I I I I I I
l ,d ,
lt1rv don't you . . .? Complete the dialogues by making suggestions rrith Whv don't vou and the words from the box. serrice cut examine q?e fill
test (x 2) ,/ mend alter paint dye
NICK
I can't seea thing. Wluot d,awlt uou- ha've qowr ales teixj-?
TOM
My hair's too long.
BEN
JENNY MIKE
My car isn't running very well.
TOM NICK
I have got toothache.
BEN JAN.E
This skirt is too loose.It looks terrible.
JENNY JENNY
Our dog has been acting strangely. I don't think he'swell.
AMANDA JANE
I hate the colour of this dress.
JENNY NICK
What did you say?I can't hear a thing.
JENNY AMANDA
I'vejust written a very long essaybut nobody can read my handwriting.
JENNY TOM
I've got a big tear in myjacket.
MIKE
l0
NICK
Dave'scar looks verv rusry.
TOM
Chapterl7
lB Nick told Ben
Indirect questions; Indirect commandsand requests
Newspaper meeting, Thursday at lunch time.
Grammar lesson Is the USA quiz finished?
Indirect questions I
In indirect questionsthe word order is not the sameasin direct questions.It is the sameasin statements. We do not use do/d,oes/did to make indirect questions.We do not put a questionmark at the end.
2
lf there is no question word (who, when etc.) in the direct question,we begin the indirect question with if or whether.
Don't interrupt. Jenny askedif the USA quiz wasfinished.Nick told Ben not to interrupt. When will the Nick, can't you see . . . quesnonnalreon smoking be finished?
(direct question) Jennyaskedif thequiz wasf.nished. (indirect question) 3
Ben,wait your turn please! Tom askedwhen the questionnaire on smoking would be finished. Nick askedBen to wait his turn.
Shut up Ben! Jennywanted to kriowwhether Tom had done his interview. Nick told Ben to shut up.
What did you want to
Chapter l8
Ijustwanted to tell him that there wasa worm in his salad. It's too late now.
Reportingverbsfor indirect questions are ask, want to know, wonder. The change of tensesis the sameasfor indirect statements. presenI past presentperfect past perfect
-r ---+ ---r -,
past past perfect past perfect no change
will may shall can
----l ---' --+ --+
would might should could
If there is a question word in the direct question, we repeat it in the indirect question.
-
:
r
r p
befinished?'(direct) He askedwhenthequestionnairewould b D f,nished.(indirect)
I
Indirect commands and requests
t 1
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Nichtold Bm to shut up. We use not to for negative commands. Nick told Bm not to interrupt.
J
2
I J J J J J J I J J
l
t I
We form indirect commands with tell + person+to+infinitive.
We can make indirect requestswith ask + person+to+infinitive. Ni,ckashcd.Ben to wait his turn.
1 Are you all right? Yesterday,Janesawa little boywho had fallen off his bicycle.She went to help him and askedhim some questions. What did she ask him? Ring the question word first, if there is one, then reportJane's question. Remember the word order and the changesof tenseand pronouns. --^. name?' > Q{hdyour ShE argkrn il4.l- ul+ab hu n^a.*rtz hn).
Sl,uea'ylczd,h/,r,, Lf hz wu aLLrnh,b I
'How old are you?'
2 'Where do you live?' 3 'Have you hurt yourselP'
8 'Where had you been?'
4 'Can you standup?'
9 'Were you on the way home?'
5 'Is your elbow bleeding?'
l0
'Shall I phone your parents?'
6 'How did it happen?'
1l
'Do you want somehelp?'
7 'What made you fall?'
12 'Shall I takevou home?'
-
-
-
I
rt I
t_
)
,
What do you do?
a
Nick is interviewingJumpingJakeJones,a professional wrestler on tour in Merton. Read his questionsarid write them in indirect form.
!
'How many times have you fought this year?', I
He a'vked- fuh+ l4aD t'tud4-
'How many times have you been on television?'
l0
'Will you stayin Merton all week?' F
He ukzn hiw hsw mzn! ilme,: '1 h,e, hAJ" bu,t1, orL toL?-v; /irc I
l1
'\Alho is the best wrestler in the world?' I
'How did you start wrestling?'
12 'Which wasyour bestfight?'
-
'How long haveyou been a professional wrestler?' 13 'Have you been to Merton before?'
3 'Who is your favourite opponent?' I
l4 'How can I becomethe strongestboy at school?' 4 'How manywins haveyou had?'
t
I J
'How many kilos can you lift?'
'Is it difficult to become a professional wrestler?'
Your partner writes five interview questionsfor one of the people below.You tell the classwhat your partner wanted to know.
-
dolphins? you He wantedto knou hou longMr FIip had a been training d,olphins. I
7 'What do you think about violent sports?' Mr Flip Dolphin trainer 8 'IsJumpingJakeJonesyour real name?'
Trevor Top Wig designer Chapterl8
Ms MavisMumm Mime artist
-
J3
J J J J J J J J J J4
I J I i -
i J
Fire! Can you rememberwhat theseinstructions tell you to do? Read instruction one then closeyour book and tell your partner. Do the samefor instructions two and three.
rG'\
Turnoff electrical equipmentbefore you go out. Do not put paperscloseto heaters. Becarefulnearan openfire. Buya smokedetector. Do not put lit cigarettes in the bin.
you go out. It tellsyou not toput paperscloseto heatcrs. . .
2
What to do in case of a small fire Putit out if possible. Geteveryoneout of the building. Callthefire brigade. Do not openthe windows. Shutdoors.
3
What to do if caught in a fire Don'tpanic. Shoutso peopleknowwhereyou are. Don'tjump out of the windowif it is t o o h ig h . Puta dampclothoveryour mouth. Waveso that peoplecanseeyou.
He askedJane to feed his fish Mike wasgetting ready to go away.He asked people to help him. Who did he ask to do what? Saythe answers. 'Will you get my suitcasefrom the spareroom?' He askedBm togethis suitcasefromthespareroom.
I
'Pleasedon't forget to feed my goldfish.' He ashed Jane not toforget tofeed his goldf,sh. 'Can you lend me your backpack?'
,
'Will you fetch me a Chinese take-away?'
3 'Don't use my CD-player,please!' 4 'Can you make me some coffee?' D
'Will you buy me some toothpaste?'
6 'Will you water my plants?' 7 'Will you iron this shirt for me?' 8 'Can you phone the airport?'
--
How to prevent a fire
nttXE
19 You ought to turn it down
I,f
JENNv Nick, Mum has a headache.We ought to be quiet. We shouldn't make so much noise.
oughtto,shoutd; Phrasal verbs Grammar lesson
J
;::::::,*:*1,,*.1sh.ud+
J
infinitive to give advice or to saywhat we --r think is right. ought to means the same as | should. In question and negative forms, we use should more than ought to.
I'
NrcK Did you saysomething? I should go
JENNv The music is too loud. You ought to turn it down. NrcK I can't hear you! JENNv Don't shout, Nick! Shut up! And turn the music down!
Phrasalverbs I
2
Some of your friends have problems. Give advice with ought to. Use theseor your own ideas:
I'm alwaystired. You ought to go to bedearlim, I My eyesare sometimesred and sore. I I never have enough money. 3 My school marks are bad. 4 I'm too fat. 5 I've got spots. 6 I've had a quarrel with my parents. 7 I haven't got many friends. 8 My old bicycle needs repairing again. I My hair looks terrible. 1 0 I can't find anything. Myroom is so untidy. Chapterl9
Phrasal verbs are formed with a verb + adverb (for example, down, up, on, off). verb + adverb turn down
NrcK I can't hear you. The music'stoo loud.
talk to them work harder wear glasses savemoney for a new one ger ir cur
Should I go?-
J
JENNv No, Nick. Your music. Turn down your music!
go to bed earlier join a club seea doctor get ajob go on a diet tidy it
I shouldn't go
I oughtrogo _
NrcK Yes,I've alreadybeen to town.
I You oughf to do it
-l
3
Sometimes the meaning is clear (for example, stand up, sit doum, turn something dov,'n,turn something on). Often, the two words together have a special meaning which we cannot guess. Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. If the object is a noun, it can stand before or after the adverb:
J _
-D
D
t
Turn down the music. But if the object is a pronoun (him, her, it, them) it must stand benveen the verb and the adverb:
t
-.
4
Look at these phrasal verbs. put something on -
He is putting it on. take something off
Heis tahhgthemoff.
I
Wh
W
1l I
.D
I
2 Should stars earn so much monevi
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-l
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+
No. All pop starsand sports starsought to give money to charities. What they do is onlv for themselves.People such as nursesand teachersought to earn more becausethey help others.
Starsshouldn't earn so much. Someof them haven't even had a proper education. Scientistsand people who have studied at universitiesought to earn more.
Why not? Film starsand sports starswork hard at theirjobs and thev entertain millions of people. They deserr,e their money.Of course they ought to live in luxury.
Starsshould earn a lot becausethey make you believeanything is possible.They can make you dream. Dentistsand lawyers ought to be paid less.
I
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) I
i Fl
I
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t i I
L a
:a
I)
DAVID
MA R Y
What do they think? Sayanswerswith ought to or shouldn't.
Think about the lvork that these people do.
teachers? Shethinhs that nursesand teachers oughtto earn rnore.
-t
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-l
I 2 3
,)
I) -t )
)
)
)
I
b
What doesMary think about being a star? What does Ken think about stars? What does David think about film starsand sPortsstars? What does Ken think about people who have studied? What does Liz think about pop starsand sPortsstars? What does Mary think about dentistsand lawyers?
Who do you agree with?
pilots
kindergarten teachers
toy makers fashiondesigners astronauts engineers
socialworkers nurses scientists
Who ought to earn more?Why? \tVhoought to earn less?Why? Write your answers.
3 Job advice Your partner must saywhat he/she would like ro be one day.You saywhat he/she ought to do. YOU
Yououghtto studymedicine.
YOU
Youought to huy a bucket.
-
-
4 What do you do? Put the correct phrasal verb in the box. Then saywhat you do with the things.
fill in ,/ turn on/off take off
try on throw away write down
)l I I
t-F
a lorm
the tap
I I
n'r'
'
I
lftlL w'
i
aquestionn a ire
3 the radio
a crossword Youfillin afmm, a questionnaire and a crosstmd.
the light
a new pullover newjeans
names and addresses
telephonenumbers
somenew shoes
old comics
your dirty boots
2
rubbish egg shells
your coat your sunglasses
Chapter 19
T
lE
FiIl it in
I
Cnmplete the sentencesand fill in the crossword.
I I I I I i
Amoss
3
You've left the oven on. Turn it
5
The light's too bright.
6
It's very cold outside.
8
When must I take these library books
, please. it off. yourjacket on. ?
Down I
Come
2
That coat looks awful. Take it
3
It's too dark in here. Turn the light
4
I'm going to throw these broken toys
5
Your shoesare muddy.
7
What time do you get
!We're late!
, please.
them off. every morning?
I've already taken them off Answer the requestswith already and replace the underlined words with it or them. Make sure that you get the word order right. 5
Turn the lights off in your room.
the floor. Turn down the heat. It's much too hot.
Turn up the volume, please. 7
J
J
I
Take yeur books back to the library.
2
Look her numberup in the phone book.
3
Write down the words in your notebook.
Clean up the messyou left in the kitchen. Don't forget to fill in thoseforms.
9 l0
4 Try on the shoesbeforeyou payfor them.
Put on your best clothes.We're going out. Bring the dirty_glasses down from your room.
I -
rt
-
Chapter l9
20 I wish my nosewas shorter
Question tags;wish + past simp! Plural nouns J
JENNY
I wish r?y nosewas shorter. It's too long, isn't it?
AMANDA I wish I didn't have so many freckles. They're silly looking, aren't they? JENNY
I like them. I wish I was taller. I'm not tall enough, am I?
AMANDA
Yes,from the new shop in South Street. They didn't cost much, did they?
AMANDA
No, how did you know?
JENNY
Becausethe price tag is still on themf -l
I
l
AMANDAI wish I didn't wear glasses.They look stupid, don't they?They don't really suit me, do they? JENNY
r
JENNY
--
f I
I
Yesthey do. I wish I had glasses.I like your newjeans, too. You bought them yesterday,didn't you?
r
r Grammar lesson J
Question tags
wish + pastsimple
I
We use wish + past simple to talk about something in the present that we regret.
We often use a question tag at the end of a sentencewhen we askfor agreement. Sometimesit is not a real question.Then the voice goesdown.
If we aska real question (becausewe are not sure), the voicegoesup.
(My noseis long.) I uish I didn't wear glasses. (I wear glasses.) I wish I had glasses. (But I haven't got glasses.)
r rI I
r
Note also:I wishI could,(do somethirg) . . . If the statementis affirmative, the ' question tag is negative. If the statementis negative,the question tag is affirmative: But the question tags alwaysend with I, you, he, she, it, we or they. If the statementverb is be, have, do, can, must, should etc.,we repeat it in the question tag. With other verbswe use a form of do in the question tag: Theydidn't costmuch,did thq?
r
Plural nouns
t_
Some nouns are alwaysplural, so the verb is also plural: ieans trousers scissors
pyjamas shorts
glasses tights
r I I
a I
rI
Yourglasses look great.Thq suit you. We can also saya pair of with jeans, trousers etc. Then the verb is singular.Compare:
r
window. Thereisa nice'pairof trousrs in theshop window. r
Chapter20
I It's in France, isn't it?
The basketballmatch The schoolteam hasjust lost a match.Tom is discussingitwith Simon.Write the question tags. srMoN The otherswere quite good, roM
Butwe plaved badlv.> o{Ldit "* I didn't play very well, I
) >
srMoN Perhapsnot, but Mark scoredfor the first time, 3 ToM
Ben is writing a quiz about different countries. He isn't sure about the answersand is askingthe others.Put in the correct tags.
Yes, that was a surprise, 3
?
srMoN Actually, we have got some very good
players,1
? There'sTony,
andJim, and Brian . . . 1 There are about 170 countriesin the world.
ToM
Yes,but they didn't scoretoday, ? We couldn'r get past
2
Cup three times, 3
About 500 million people live in Europe, Alaska is the largest state in the USA, a
5
There are over l,300languagesspokenin
The lastemperor of China wascalled Pu Yi, i
America becameindependentin I77 6, 1
There are more people in Mexico City than in any other city in the world, I
In 1923halfofTokyo wasdestroyedby an earthquake,
uselesstoo,7 srMoN Well, you missed some training, 8. roM
Yes, I did . . . If we lose the next match. we won't go to the finals, 9
srMoN Oh yes,we will. Becauseyou aren't IO
The population of China makes up one-fifth
of the world's population,
l0
?Iwas
going to miss any more training sessions,
Africa, 6
their defence.
Brazll and Italy have both won the World
tI i
3 Regrets What are they thinking? Make sentenceswith I wish + past simple.
4 a
Nick is at the back of the queue.
1 wi'vluI unaat thzlwf of &efsn
"" I wi* I u:a'tnt a't tAz batk q{ ilz {' " o
I I
3 4 5
I Janeis ill.
o Chooseone thing from each listwhich you wish you were, had, or could do. Write them on a piece of paper.
2
Sue has straight hair.
A wz,t 'fartwlra I ^ril'l* T uful+ I Lal a q
F
7
3
4
5
Nick can't dance.
Ben doesn't know how to repair his Walkrnan.
The boots are too expensiveforAmanda.
In pairs, ask and answerquestionswith Do you wish you were/had/could until you find out rwhat your partner haswritten. were a millionaire famous older in the Guinness Book of Records
F
r
had a driving licence some diving equipment a credit card a photographic memory
f'
could become invisible tell the future appear on a TV game show invent clever machines
7
r
6 Jane can't afford the ear-rings. PARTNER
Chapter 20
No, I don't.
l'
J
Are thos€ o€w;Jane and Amanda are shopping. Decide if the words in boxes should be singular or plural and crossout the wrong word. JANE
thosenew sunglasses?
lrlA.f
F
AMANDA v.r. F rn"yfll | 2 irA."-] .ti.., Nickguu. Fi7E.-l ,4idiE]? seevery well out of F
I can't to me.It'sa shame
itZttt.- l. Everything looks funny.
7 that,/those red trousers.
JA NE
Look at
A MANDA
The
8 one/ones
JA NE
No.
9 Those/That
A MANDA
Oh. What a lovelyblue skirt that is.
JA NE
11 ThatlThose
A N IANDA
13 They/It
16 a/some
besidethe T:shirts? a pair of yellow pyjamas.
| 72 is/are I apairof pinkshorts.
would go well with
tights.And look at
JA NE
3 a re n ' t / is n ' t
14 those,/that
striped
15 thatlthose jeans! I would love
pair of them.
l7 This,/Those | 18 islare I theyellowpyjamasagain!
Amanda,did Nick tell you what kind of sunglass.rf-tg ttt.yZfl J'
I
Chapter 20
2l Has the thief beenfound? ToM
The passive:simple forms
The newsagent'shas been broken into. About f,850 has been taken.
NEwsRoerur
NrcK Has the thief been found? ToM
T
No, not yet. The theft was only discoveredan hour ago. There's a room at the back of the shop where the money is kept in a safe.This morning the cleaner noticed that the window had been broken, so she told the owner.A few people have been questioned by the police, but nobody knows much. An officer said that any information will be welcomed.
T
e
'?
NrcK Will there be a reward? -
f
Grammar lesson
-
The passive:simpleforms
I'
I
I
Form: be + past participle F
present past presentperfect past perfect future
money the theft f850 awindow information
rs wuls has been had been will be
kept discovered taken broken welcomed
from the newsagent's.
Passive
was stolen from the nsy5agent's.
Subject We use the passiveif we do not knowwho does something, or if it is not important or not necessary to saywho does it. We can use by+ person/thing if we wish to say who orwhat did the action.
Chapter2l
i
r
L
Qbjut Active
r
t t t
L
I'
1I
lVere you a-.ked?
I
Can you match the form of the passivein each sentencewith the name of the passivetense?
IF
Were you asked?
I
I am invited.
.+
E
I l l l l l l J J l l
I I I .J
l
present passive
I
Is Greekspoken?
2
The room hadn't been cleaned.
3
She won't be asked.
4
Has the window been broken?
J
She wasn'tinjured.
present perfect passive past perfect passive
6 I haven't been informed. nI
He will be punished.
future passive
8 Has the money been found? 9 When was the house built? 1 0 Will I be invited? 11 English is spoken here. I2
He was killed in an accident.
13 These toysare made in China. 1 4 Had the parcel been opened? 9
At the doctor's Write what happenswhen you go to the doctor's.Usethe presentsimplepassive. 7
He takesa blood sample.
Your ea% ..-------------d1
He looks at your throat.
8
He measuresyour height.
2
He takesyour pulse.
9
He testsyour hearing.
3
He weighsyou.
4
He checksyour blood pressure.
5
He examinesyour chest.
6
He X-raysyour lungs.
10 He listens to your heart.
I Chapter2l
3 What has been done? An old streetin Merton has been modernized. Use the words from the box to write what hasbeen done in the present perfect passive.
t I
a .-4€-"-\
s
Last year
build widen paint plant provide (x2) pull down put up repair take away turn into ,/
The street h^a,l been- ttlruwn I
LrLto & ped.ufnltn
T-oh,e.
Streetlamps
2 Trees and flowers o .f
The pavement
4
A fountain
5
Litter bins
6 The bus stop 7 The old house 8 The shops 9 The holes in the road 1 0 Benches
Chapter2l ?
Krakatoa Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple passive. Did you know that the greatestexplosion in theworld > ura{ Ca,uAzd (cause) by a volcano? Krakatoa, an island in
I
Indonesia, erupted in 1883.More than half the island (destroy).The explosion ? (hear) in India and Australia. Rocks 1
(throw)
more than 55 kilometres high into the air. Surprisingly,only a few (kill), but a huge wave,35 metres high,
people1 c
(create) by the explosion.Severalsmall islands (cover) by the wave. 163 villages (destroy) and 36,000people
(drown).Dust?
(carry) all
round the world, and the weather everywhere l0
.-L
(affect) for many years afterwards.
I
What had been changed? When chepupils went back to school after the summer holidays,a lot of things had been changed. Write the words in bracketsin the past perfect passive.
I
A lot of trees
2 New lights
(plant). (p u t in ).
o J
The classrooms
4
A tennis court
5
The fence
6
Five new classrooms
nI
New equipment
8
Showers
9
New blackboards
(put up) in the classrooms.
l0
The whole school
(rnodernize).
(paint). (build). (taken down). (a d d ). (buy) for the chemistry lab. (install) in the changing rooms.
Chapter2l
Il
Graffiti competition Put the verbsinto the future passive.
l l l
$raffiti co?nfefit;on A graffiticompetition'. tatlll be h*ld'
(hold)
next week for all Merton's young artists. The age limit is fifteen. (invitelto attend a
All competitors 1
graffitisessionin thetown hallfrom 2 pm to 6 pm on Saturdaythe ninth of September.Competitors (ask)to create graffiti designsfor the entranceof the new town hall,which (open)at the beginningof the month. Largesheets of paperand spray paint (providel.
EntriesI
:.
(judge)by five
Jtlf! :) f ' *
,1-h$r;:dfi
professionalartists.
{'t'
Winners6
tra
(contacted)by
telephoneon the thirteenthof September.The namesof *' (print) in
the winners Z
'Merton News' on the fifteenth of September. Threeprizes of €50,f,10,f20 q
Prizess
(award).
(presentl by the Mayor.
Thewinner 1o
it
\dAr'* [
l l l l l l l
(invite)to spraypaint the
entrancehall of the new town hall with the winning design.
-:-
/\
v
:1
==1
-ln -ILJ
:l
lr /f€EE6A
\@
J
-
-*4-.'
7 The Olympic Games Put the verbs in bracketsinto the present simple passive,the past simple passive,the present perfect passiveor the future passive.
:
t
I t j
I I
I I I
t I
t l l l
Do you know how often the Olympic Games > atw htJd(hold)? They l(hold) everyfour years.The (hold) at Olympia, in
first Olympic Games
ancient Greece,nearly 3,000yearsago. The tradition (continue) from776 BC toAD 393. Even (postpone),so that everyonecould
wars 1
trayel safely to the Games.The Games I
(ban)
in 394. (found) by a
In 1890the modern Games9 Frenchman called Baron de Coubertin in Athens.
(set up) for amateurs.
Originally, the Games
(not pay) to play
Amateurs are people who
(pay). Since
the sport whereasprofessionals
1984some professionalathletes,such asfootball players, l0
(allow) to take part.
Before the Gamesbegin, the Olympic torch
ll
(light) at Olympus by a mirror reflecting the sun. Then it l2
(carry) by runners to the city where the
Games l3
(hold). Sometimesby the time the last runner enters the stadium, the tmch 14 (carry) half-wayround the world. Do you knowwhere the next Olympic Games l5
(hold)?
22 The plane is being repaired
The passive:continuous and infinitive forms
The Bells have taken Trig to the airport.
\4hat is being done?
JENNv Look, Trig, that plane is beingrepaired. NrcK And thatAirbus is being re-fuelled.
What is being done at the airport? Complete the sentencesby putting the verbs in brackets in the present continuous passive.
JENNv And over there passengersare being taken to the 747 bybns. rRrc
, :
!
Things are so complicated here. My spaceshipwasmuch easier to . . .
N r cK ... cr a sh?
I
Grammar lesson The passive:continuousforms
-l
iI
The passiveis often used in the present continuous and in the past continuous. am/are/is + being + past participle was/were + being + past participle
-l
The present continuous passiveshowsus that something is taking place now.
-l
Active Mechanicsare refuelling theplane. Passive Theplane is beingrefuelled. The past continuous passiveshowsus that something wastaking place at a statedor known time in the past. Active Mechaniauerc refuelling theplnnc. Passive Theplaneutasbeingre-fircllcdwhtn thq aniaed.
Someone'sricket
i,t bana ch*:**/
=
(check). 1
Someone'sluggage
l
(weigh). 2
Now labels
3
Now the cases
(stickon). 1
We can use by + person/thing if we wish to saywho or what did the action.
onto the conveyor belt. A flight
The passive:infinitive form We form the passiveinfinitive with be + past participle. Verbs such as san, must, may, might, have to, should often come before it.
(announce)
over the loudspeaker. 5
Passports
6
Passengers to the aircraft by bus.
Chapter 22
(put) -
(check) (drive)
I protestl
The o,c hor-ise One dar',Jennv noticed thatjobs were being done to an old house in Park Street. Look at the picture and use the past continuous passiveof the words from the box to write what was being done.
build wash cut
deliver plant take away pur up paint '/ repair
\Irs Neal is angry. She is complaining to the mavor of Merton. Put the sentencesinto the present continuous passive.
You are wasting too much money. ToomuchmonE is beingwasted. You are not improving education. Educationis not beingimproued. I 2
3 4 3
6 7 8 9 I0
You are not helping old people. You are spendingmoney on the wrong things. You are not helping unemployedpeople. You are doing nothing againstcrime. You are not cleaningthe streets. You are wastingmoney on dinners and parties. You are building too many offices. You are not improving the health service. You are doing nothing againstpollution. You are not lowering taxes.
1 The grass 9
The rubbish
q
J
A garage
4
The fence
5
The windows
6 n
A nestingbox Trees
8
Furniture Chapter 22
The environment: what can be done? What can be done to make the Earth a safer and better place?
(
d
AN N(
TONY J
-
f
KATE j
J
=
PA U L
j
C
MA R Y
]
We must find waysof preventing oil spills.
. />->')
-
00 TINA j
We shouldn't use products which damage the ozone layer.
-
7s, >\)
J
DAVE
Chapter22
J
\ltrat did they say? Ilake the sentencespassive.
a*-d,
TONY
I
BETH
2
KATE
3
PAUL
4
MAX
3
MARY
6
JoHN
7
TINA
8
JOE
I
Ltz
10
J iI
.t
l.t'wtt-'
DAVE
Think of some more things thatcan/could,/ must etc. be done to saveour planet. Write a short paragraph in the passive.
Don't be so impatient! Nick often hasgreat plans but he doesn't always have the patience to follow things through. Use the words from the box to tell Nick what has to be done before he can do thesethings.
t
exams/pass parents'permission/give f500,/save darkroom/build visa/obtain
J
ticketsr/buy notes/learn '/ sPecialmaPs/buY skis/buy
J Nick wantsto . . .
J I
J
J J J
Thznotzshaueto belzarnzdbefore you can uritz masic. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
take skiing lessons go on a school trip go to Nepal go to university go to the rock concert buy a mountain bike trek through the mountains developphotos
Chapter 22 I
.,1
23 I want to be a doctor
Verbs with to + infinitive
Grammar lesson
Verbswith to + infinitive 1 We use to + infinitive after theseverbs: afford agree decide hope JENNYWhat do you want to be? JANE Dad wants me to be a dentist but I want to be a doctor. I'm learning to do first aid. Itwon't be easy,but I havedecided to work hard at school.What about you? What would you like to do?
2
invite prefer
teach want
Will thq allowyoutohaae England? 3
JANE Will your parents allow you to leave England?
After would like/love/prefer/hate to + infinitive.
we use
r-
But when there is no would, we often use r the ing form after like, love, prefer and hate.
JENNv Why not? Theywould prefer me to stay here, but it's up to me. And what about Be n ? JANE He hasdecided to becomePrime M in ister. . .
6OKPM MARTH BEN o3fli
)L
,.al
Chapter23
plan promise want
We can use an object (you, me, Ben etc.) + to + infinitive after theseverbs: allow ask help
JENNv Well, I like reading. I would Iike to study languagesand literature. I hope to go to university.Then I would like to work abroad for a while. UncleJoe has offered to help me. He could help me to get ajob in the States.
learn manage offer
4 o
)
(I tr'6 t L
J
Cornplete the sentenceswith the verbs in brackets. Use to + infinitive or an ing form. llax has decided >to betantt- (become) a mechanic, becausehe likes > lP-Pam'ng me ajob at his garage.
MARION
MAx
I hope to study biology and chemistry.I love doing experiments. I would like to be a research scientist one day. I hope I manage to get ajob at a university.
We can't afford to buy many things at home, so I would like to have ajob that payswell like a pop star.I'm learning to play the guitar - I'm pretty good. I would love to buy a big house for my family.
him ajob, but he would like 1 (have) his own garage one day. (be) a research
Marion wants1
(do)
scientistbecauseshe likes 1
(go) (study)
to university.Shehopes 9 biology and chemistry.
DAVE
p
Say the ansrversto the questions in full sentences. He wants to bea mechanic.
t
(give)
Max's uncle has offered. ]
experiments. She would like I
I don't like being indoors. I would hate to have ajob in an office. I would prefer to be a gardener or a game warden. I have decided to leave school next year.I don't want to do any more exams.
F
(repair) cars.
(have) an Jill would love outdoorjob becauseshe likes I (rvork) with animals.She doesn't like (stay)indoors. She has decided l0
(leave) school next year.She
would love ll
(be) a game warden
or a gardener. Dave is learning t2
(play) the
guitar. He hopes l3
(become) a
pop star,becausehe likes la (write) music. He wants l5 a lot of money becausehe would like l6
(buy) a big house for his family.
He would Loueto buy a big housefor hisfamily. -
*t
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Whowants to be a research scientist? What is Dave learning to play? Who doesn't want to do any more exams? Whatwould Marion like to get? Whatwould Dave like to be? What does Marion hope to study? Who would prefer to have an outdoorjob? What hasJill decided to do? Whatwould Max like to have one day? What has Max's uncle offered to do?
(earn)
What doldon't you like doing? What would,/wouldn't you like to be? Write a short paragraph.
Chapter 23
2 What about you? Sayeight sentencesabout yourself using the to + infinitive form. Use words from the listsor use your own ideas.
have offered can (not) afford have decided (not) hope have promised (not) have (not) agreed would (not) like (don't) want can (not) manage
buy a motor bike/car/boat do all the housework stayout late become a film star/rock star/international model spend lots of money on clothes,/shoes read every play by Shakespeare do nothing all day live in the mountains study physicsat university write a book about centipedes becomean opera singer learn everyword in the English language play professionalbasketball
3 Conflicts What do theywantto do? What do other peoplewant them to do? Write the answers.
JANE
I'm going to watch television now. JENNv AMANDA Let's go to the snack bar instead.
Saturday. Why don't you go to the bowling alleywith me instead?
Iertn l ^ru4tA to.qo h lltz a*tr:nn, bo& f a t t w w O*^ U o O*U o * * I
r ou NICK
j
BEN
I'm going to give my old computer gamesto my cousins. AMANDAOh? Can'tyou give them to me?
I'm going to the musicshop. Why don't you go to the fun-fair with me instead?
j
=6
I'm staying at home tonight. JANE AMANDA That's boring. Go to the basketball game with me.
MIKE SUE
I'm going to visit my'friends in London tomorrow. Can't you visit them nextweek instead?
D
r n
7 3
BEN TOM
I want to go to the air show on Sunday. Can'tyou go with me on Saturday?
;eNn BEN
I'm going to the swimming pool. But you saidyou would help me with my chemistry.
-r
r
--l
I
Chapter23
Tl
L
-4
I'd like them to . . .
1 I I
\thatwould you like other people to do? Savnvo things that you would like each of these people to do:
l_c J I
3
I I J
I I I
rour friend lour parents (father/mother) vour brother/sister I would lihe ry friend to go to town with meon Saturday. I would like my motherto stopcomplainingaboutrnyclothes.
ilIystery message Nick has found this strange messagein his pocket. Can you work out what it says?Write it in the spacebelow CIue: crossout theseletters bl '/ il a3 j4 i3 h3
cl c2
k4 e4
b4 d3 m2 h2
k2 12
dl i4
ml a4
ab cd e fgh ijklm I
I ><W
O W A N T
I
T O O M E E T O M EN KO
3 4
T I NO T HE M O P AR K
O Y
O U R
T HA T O T E NNIS
Message:I
IJ _.l
J
d
-t
I
a
I
I
I
J-
Chapter23
24 If you hadn't . . .
Conditional sentencestype 3; rrnaftmight for possibility
JENNv Nick, catch the ball! Oh no, look what you've done. You've broken the lamp. NrcK If you hadn't thrown the ball so high,I wouldn't have knocked it off the table. It wasn't really my fault. JENNv Well, whosefaultwas it? If you had looked, you would have seen it . NrcK
It's too late now.We maybe able to stickit together.Then Mum might not notice.
JENNv It's too risky.Shemightwant to useiL Why don't wejust tell her what happened?
Will you lend me your bike? Complete the sentenceswith the words in brackets in the past perfect or with would have + past participle. BEN
Will you lend me your bike? I have to get -l
to basketball training in five minutes. NrcK The last time I lent it to you, you got a BEN
flat tyre and didn't repair it. Well,I > unu'l^d*t Lu'w goL
6ot
get) a flat tyre if you
NrcK And get my pocket money stopped again?Not likely!Where's the glue?
,l
(put) enough
air in it. NrcK That's not true. You rode straight over some broken glass.
Grammar lesson BEN
Conditional sentencestFpe 3 We use if + past perfect + would have + past participle for unreal situations in the past. if clause Main clause past perfect would have + past participle We imagine a condition or situation in the pastwhich wasimpossibleor didn't happen. look) When the if clausecomes first, we usuallyuse a comma (,) after it. We can also put the main clausefirst:
Weil,I l
(not
ride) over the glassif someone 2 (left) it all over the road. Besides,I J
(go) round the -
glass,if a car ! (not come) from the other direction. NrcK Well, you could have stopped. (stop) if the BEN 1 5 (not
brakes fail).
NrcK Well, you should have checkedthe brakes before you started. I
hadn'tthrcutn theball sohigh.
mray,might for possibility We use may dr might + infinitive without to to talk about something that is possible now or in the future. Both mean'perhaps'. (= Perhapswe can stick it.) Shemigfutnotnotice. (= Perhapsshewill not notice.) Chapter24
(not lend) you my bike if I (know) that the brakesweren't working.
-
24 If you hadn't . . .
Conditional sentencestype 3; maft might for possibility
JENNv Nick, catch the ball! Oh no, look what you've done. You've broken the lamp. NrcK If you hadn't thrown the ball so high,I wouldn't have knocked it off the table. It wasn't really my fault.
Will you lend me your bike? Complete the sentenceswith the words in brackets in the past perfect or with would have + past participle. Will you lend me your bike? I have to get
JENNv Well, whosefaultwas it? If you had looked, youwould have seen it.
BEN
NrcK
NrcK The last time I lent it to you, you got a
It's too late now.We maybe able to stickit together. Then Mum might not notice.
JENNv It's too risky.Shemightwant to useit. Why don'twejust tell herwhat happened?
to basketball training in five minutes.
BEN
flat tyre and didn't repair it. Well,I > umu,l^dnt h"ate goL get) a flat tyre if you > hal, p4rt
NrcK And get my pocket money stopped again?Not likely! Where's the glue?
@ot
(put) enough
air in it. NrcK That's not true. You rode straight over some broken glass.
Grammar lesson BEN
Conditional sentencestype 3 We use if + past perfect + would have + past participle for unreal situations in the past. Main clause if clause past perfect would have + past participle We imagine a condition or situation in the pastwhich wasimpossibleor didn't happen. look) When the if clausecomes first, we usually use a comma (,) after it. We can also put the main clausefirst:
W ell,Il
(not
ride) over the glassif someone (left) it all over the road. Besides,I 3
(go) round the -
glass,if a car ! (not come) from the other direction. NrcK Well, you could havestopped. BEN 1 5 lstop) if the (not
brakes fail).
NrcK Well, you should have checkedthe brakes before you started. I
hadn't thrown theball so high-
rnay,might for possibility We use may dr might + infinitive without to to talk about something that is possible now or in the future. Both mean 'perhaps'. (= Perhapswe can stick it.) Shemigfutnotnotice. (= Perhapsshewill not notice.) Chapter 24
(not lend) you my bike if I 9
r I l
I
(know)that the brakesweren'tworkinS.l
1 l
Fleroes Look at thesenewspaperheadlinesabout people who have done heroic acts. \.trritesentencesabout them with the words provided and if.
not hear their cries not find them Tf lrz h.a.dn't hpnd" bh,el,r cr&! lLe
-I
I
r
wula*
J
not go jogging
not find the child
hatre fat*d- tAnm.
i
I !-
t Gonstable Piercepulledwomanfrom exploding car arrive one minute later
be too late
Christie Combe savedcatfromtree not find a ladder
not be able to saveit
s JimmyBondwarnedmotorists of collapsed bridge not walk along river
not seethe bridge
Karen Wrightsavedmanfromdrowning not taken a first aid course
not know what to do
g KenSpudgen policeof hold-up warned Walkman not stop working
not hear the thieves' plan
Accidents The people in the doctor'swaiting room have all had accidents.Readwhat happened.Then make sentenceswith if. like this: He broke his arm. If hehadn'tfallen off his biqcle, hewouldn't haaebrokm his arm. 1 2 3
Mrs King fell off a ladder. She broke her arm. Mrs Fox dropped the iron. She burned her hand. Mr Brown slipped on a bananaskin. He nvistedhis ankle.
Mr Bell walkedinto a lamp post. He bumped his head. Mrs Green fell down the stairs. She hurt her knee. MissPagedidn't fastenher seatbelt. She broke her nose. Mr Grey didn't pay attention. He shut the door on his finger. Jimmy tried to do a trick. He got his head stuckin a chair.
Chapter 24
4 Are you influenced by advertisiog? Jenny has askedpeople if they are influenced by advertising.Here are some of the answers. No.I don't think so.I bought this watch last week.I had seena commercial for it on TV, but it's a good, reliable watch. I would have bought it even if I hadn't seenthe commercial.
BILL
Yes,I'm sure that I am. YesterdayI bought these trainers. If I hadn't read about them, I would have chosen a cheaper pair. I wouldn't have paid so much money if the ad hadn't influenced me.
F
ROB
I think everybodyis influenced by advertising.Last week I bought a new shampoo.If I hadn't seena magazinead for the product, I wouldn't have tried it.
No. I buy whateveris the cheapest.But it's not alwaysa good idea. Last week I bought a cheapred jumper and the colour came out. If I had bought a better jumper, itwould have kept its colour.
PAT
ANN
What did they say?Read the sentencesand sayif they are true or false.Correct the false statements.
Think of the commercialsyou haveseenand the things you have bought recently.Think of somethingyou bought becauseyou had seena commercial on TV or an advertisementin a magazine. If you hadn't seenthe products adverrised, would you have bought them anyway? Write a short paragraph.
hadn't seena commercialon TV. Fake. He would haueboughttheuatch anyuay. 1 Rob would have bought a cheaper pair of trainers if he hadn't read an ad for the expensivepair. 2 Patwould have tried the new shampoo, even if she hadn't read about it. 3 Ann's jumper would have lost its colour, even if she had paid more. 4 Rob would have bought the expensive trainers anyway. 5 Bill would have bought the watch even if he hadn't seenthe commercial. 6 Rob would have paid more money if he hadn't seenthe ad.
Chapter 24
F
F
Situations
Fears
Saywhat you would have done if these things had happened to you.
Give reasonswhy some people don't like the following things. What do they think might happen? Sayyour answers.
She told a shop assistantwhat she had seen. If I had seensornzone stealsornething,I uould haaedonethesamething. ox If I had seensonuonestealsomething,I would not hauesaid anything. 1 Jim sawa car accident.He didn't help immediately, but he ran into a shop to telephone an ambulance.
I
t
J
I I
2
Mike heard a friend tell a lie. He didn't say anything. Later he asked the friend why he had lied.
3
Susanfound a purse in the street. There was only a little money in it and no important papers or cards.There was no one in the street.She kept the money.
4
A stranger askedPat for some money in the street. The stranger said he had to go somewhereurgently by taxi and had forgotten his wallet. Pat gave him the money and her telephone number.
5
A TV reporter was asking passers-bytheir opinion about TV programmes.David wanted to be on television,so he combed his hair and went up to the reporter.
f
I
J I
I I I I I I I I I
Thq think theplane rnightrash. I 2 3 4 5 6
Somepeople don't like going in lifts. Somepeople don't like driving in cities. Somepeople don't like dogs. Somepeople don'r like being in the dark. Somepeople don't like heights. Somepeople don't like snakes.
About you Sayfive things thatyou maylmight (not) do when you leaveschool. Use theseideasor think of your own: go to university go abroad get ajob in England for a year get married go to Hollywood join the army become a professionalfootball player I might not stayin this country. I maygetajob ahroad...
24 chapter
r
25 Play it more slowly
Comparison of adverbs; wish+ pasrperfect
Mike and his band are practising a new song. Nick is listening.
Grammar lesson
MrKE Stop! It's all wrong. It should be played more slowly.
Comparison of adverbs
RoN
Well, I think we should play it faster. And what's going on, Pete?You're playing worse than yesterday.
eETE Look who's talking. You're not doing any better yourself. MrKE Relax. We'll just have to work harder at it. Sorry, Nick. I wish you had heard us last night. We were pretty good. In fact, we played the best ever. NrcK
You sounded fine to me. But wasn't it a bit loud?
RoN
We play more quietly when the neighbour starts banging on the wall.
r
Adverbs of manner describehow we do things (carefully, badly, slowly, well etc.). we use more and the most to compare adverbsending with -ly. quick slowly
more quickly more slowly
most quickly most slowly
startsbangingon thewall. We compare irregular adverbsin the same way as adjectiveswith -er/-est. fast hard early
faster harder earlier
fastest hardest earliest
Here are some more irregular adverbs: well badly much little
better worse more less
best wcirst most least
I
r l
r i
rI r I
I
7 I I
r I
t I I l. I I
r I
1_
Weplayd the bestwe'ueeuerplayed.
,-
We use than to make comparisonsin the sameway aswith adjectives.
wish + past perfect We usewish + past perfect to talk about something in the past that we regret. We cannot changewhat happenedor didn't happen. didn't hear us lastnight)
Chapter25
l
l
Io
t t t L
t I
Do it well Complete the table with adverbs in the correct form. adverb
comparative
zuperlative
slowly
) tl.tnr<- sla^/,,t1
most slowly
fast
> fa-tnr
I
well
9
best
easily
3
4
quietly
5
6
worse
8
much
9
l0
11
more carefully
little
l3
t2 t4
thoroughly
l5
r6
l7
earlier
18
l9
20
hardest
I
Which ones could you do the easiest- I mean most easily?
KT
I
I I 1 1 1 1 I I
j -_-
Faster than eYerbefore Complete the advertisements by putting an adverb from the box in the comparative form. Sometimesmore than one answeris oossible.
mrrc
thtrculhlg
well fast quickly easily y'
gently thoroughly ./ soundly
rhan ever before!
SpOtleSSmakesyour spotsdisappearn'arc utU'? 1 SOFTWOOL washes yourpullovers
t
than any other washingpowder. 2 Drul b&a,P,will cleanseyour face
than ever
before.
3 Deepsleep
will helpyou to sleep
thought possible.
4 BRE A T T{EASYwill make colds disappear than any other medicine.
5 Wirh l{ilOf-Off
youwill loseweight
than you dared to imagine.
6 With the tt"* POpUpcamerayour photoswill rurn out than ever before!
than you
3 Resolutions a
At the beginning of a newyear Ben alwaysmakes resolutions to do things better. Complete his resolutionsfor this year with adverbs from the box in comparative form. Sometimesmore than one answeris possible. early neatly little ,/ hard seriouslv
I
Iwish...
F,
I
3 4 .)
lr*4
I
He wisheshehadn't spmt all hisnone) on a canrcra. I
quietly regularly much good
fI
What do theywish they had or hadn't done? Saysentenceswith wish + past perfect.
6
in class. I
I will take school
7
I
I will go to bed
8
F'-
Jenny bought a skirt that she didn't really like. F Jane sold her Walkman. Tom lost his bicycle lock. Nick didn't enter the graffiti competition. Amanda didn't buy the leather belt that she liked. Mike moved the furniture around in his room. l' Jenny missedrwoepisodesof her favourite I soaPopera. Ben didn't go to Max's party. F
3 I will write
I
4 I will do my homejwork t
I will behave
6
I will train
F I I
at school. for the
p
school football.team. I
I will play my radio
8
I will work
1
I for exams.
FI I
I
Write three resolutions.Whatwill you do better next year?Use the comparativeform of the adverbsin (a) or others.
>I
wWta'ktwark
p I
I
rnorc-serhu9.
F
--i I
5 What do you wish you had done? I will work less.I will eat more quickly.
Think of what you did or didn't do last week. Are there things you wish you had done or hadn't done? Saythree things.
tt
-
t
_--r t
t
Chapter25
--il
f-l
-r!
It's too late . . .
I
I
Read the sentences and write what thev wish thev had or had not done.
G
L
t-
I didn't ask what her name was. I un"l4. t h^aJ- a*keiuthaf, nO.tU2.
4
I left early.
/12
hmrl
I
I didn't ask her where she lived.
5
I wasn'tnice to him.
2
I told her that she had a funny voice.
6
I pretended not to be interested.
I didn't tell her that I usuallycome here on Saturdays.
I told him I washere with someone else. L
8
I didn't tell him my name.
Chapter 25
26 Do you want to go Hi. How are you?
JENNY A M ANDA
Well, do youwant to play tennis?
JENNY A M ANDA
JE NNY A M ANDA
JE NNY
Bored. What are we going to do today? My racket'sbroken and I can't afford to buy another one.
Verbs with to + infinitive or ing form AMANDA I don't know how to ride. Tom offered to teach me once but the horse kicked me as soon as I went near. I refirsed to carry on. JENNY
Nickwanted us to go to the zoo with h im. . .
Do you feel like swimming?
AMANDA I'm against keeping animals in zoos. I stopped visiting zoos two years ago.
I can't stand swimming. You get all weL
JENNY
Jane has invited us to go riding with her.
AMANDA Exactly! That's why I'm so bored.
I don't know what to suggest.You don'twant to do anything.
Grammar lesson Verbs with to + infinitive r
r
r
We use to + infinitive after afford, agree, decide, hope, manage,offer, promise, refuse, seem,want etc. We use a to + infinitive after the question words when, what, where, how etc. (but not after*hy).
j
Verbs with ing form r
We alwaysuse the ing form of a verb which follows avoid, dislike, enjoy, feel like, finish, can't help, don't mind, risk, can't stand, suggestetc.
.
j
I can'tstandwimming. 7
r
We alwaysuse the ing form of a verb which follows a preposition.
We use to + infinitive after some verbs + objecs (me, Tom). For example, advise, ask, expect, help, invite, order, persuade, tell, want etc.
Sheisfor stoppingpollution.
to + infinitive or ing form? After some verbs we can use to + infinitive or an ing form without an important qhangein meaning. Theseverbsare begin, continue, hate, like, love, start and a few others. After stop and r(Fnember we can use a to + infinitive or an ingform, but there is a change in meaning. I stoppedtn aisit a zoo.(= purpose, in order to visit a zoo)
J
I rcmembaeilta bry tlu tichzts.(= I didn't forget to bty . . . ) j-
Chapter26
n
F I L
I
I want to work
Thomas Edison
Put the verbs into the correct lists.
Complete the story about the inventor Thomas Edison with to + infinitive or an ing form.
enjoy ./ want ,/ promise can't help decide
risk don't mind can't stand hope
dislike refuse offer seem
Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors of all time. But as a child, he didn't enjoy
,jry_-
(go) to school.
When Edisonwasonlyseven,the headmaster
I l l l l l
> want,
decided I
(expel) him becausehe
refused?
(do) his school work. He
onlywent to schoolfor three months, + to work
but he never stopped I
(learn).
His mother managed 1
(teach)
him the most important things, and she (read) about persuaded him 5> ea,loLl -
science.He didn't mind
(stay)
at home and he enjoyed He couldn't afford 8-
(read).
(buy)
the books he needed, so at twelvehe began +working
(sell) newspapersand sweetsin trarns. He loved l0
(do) experiments,
and he set up a laboratory in the luggage van of
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Work with a partner. Your partner saysaverb from (a) above. You must saya correct sentencewith the verb before your partner has counted to ten.
a train. When he wasolder, he invented the phonograph and the light bulb. Do you know the story of Edison and the egg? He wanted U
YOU
four. . . I promiseto helpyou withyour hornanork.
Now you choose a verb for your partner and start counting to ten.
(boil) his egg
himself, so he askedhis housekeeper t2
(bring) an egg and a pan of
hot water to his laboratory. She told him 13
He seemed t4
(not forget) about the egg. (listen) to her.
But when she returned half an hour later he wasboiling his watch and timing it with the egg.
Chapter26
3 First aid What do you know about first aid? Use words from each list to make eight sentences.
to do if someone faints to help someone who has swallowed poison
I know I don't know I'm not sure I'd have to find out
to bandage a cut to do with a broken arm to feel someone'spulse to stop bleeding to do with a burn to treat a person in shock to move an unconsciousperson to do if someoneis choking
how where what when
4 A questionnaire about smoking a
C
Use the verbsin bracketswith to + infinitive or an ing form to complete the questions. Then put a y' in one of the boxes.
3
yes no
I
Would you advisepeople
(stop)?
,
Are you against
(advertise)cigarettes?
3
Do you dislike
(breathe) other people's
n!! J
,
nn
5
Do you mind people
(smoke)around you?
NT
6
Do most people start
(smoke)too young?
!n
11
Should shopkeepersrefuse
I
n n n
i
(sell)
n nn n n! n ntr
cigarettesto children?
8 Can most smokersmanage I Do smokersrisk 10 Are most teenagerspersuaded
]
(let) peoplesmokein
a car?
(stop) smoking? (damage) their health?
--l -l
(smoke)
bv their friends? b
ntv nnn nnn
smoke? Would you refuse
notsure
Write your opinion about smoking in a short paragraph.
Dnn
--l -rl
-rl
I
II
--l rl
I
I
1 J I I
5 Remernber to do it a
Ring the correct answer,then write it in.
rtq Smnkt _____v_
I
a b
ln
tp1 years ago. .-n
a letter.
smoke to smoke
a b c
(9 smoking
| I I
Mrs Bell must remember
the
a b c 2
to phone phoning phone
a b c
a b c 3
g
on herway home from school,Jenny stopped
to some friends.
talking to talk talk
5
I didn't remember
10 Jenny can remember bicycle and
the bill.
to the
to Pay payrng
a b c
Pay
to talk talk talking
off her her leg when she
wassix.
Mr Blake askedthe classto stop a b c
biting to bite bite
a going bgo c togo
pay him, but she can remember
4
your nails! Don't
bank. Now I have no money.
The milkman thinks that Mrs Bell forgot to
a b c
Posting
8 Jenny, stop be so nervous!
butcher to order the meat for the weekend.
I
to Post post
b
to fall, breaking falling, to break falling, breaking
write three things thar you must remember to do before next weekend.
:
Nick can remember
to school
for the first time. c Write three things thatyou can remember doing when you were a small child.
a to g o bg o c going 6
Ben didn't remember
his
bicycle. The brakes still squeak. a b c
oiling to oil oil
Chapter26
_ 27 They will havef;nished
Future perfect simpleand continuousr l _l Presentsimplefor future time
-l
-l
Grammar lesson
-li
Future perfect simple
J
We form the future perfect simple with will + have + past participle. Jenny andJane have come to watch rhe Merton Marathon. JANE What time is it? JENNY It's nine o'clock. JANE
By ten thirty the runners will have finished.
JENNv No. They won't have finished by then. The women will not even have started by then. JANE
What time do they start?
JENNv The men's race starts at nine thirty and the women's race starts at eleven thirty. JANE
By the time they arrive, we will have been waiting for hours.
JENNv Yes, and they will have been running for hours.
We use the future perfect simple to talk about actiotrs thatwill be completed at a particular time in the future. Now
Future
Action
X this timp next week, tornorroto,ten thirty
The future perfect is often used with by (= up to) + point of time (by then, by next week, by the year 2000 etc.).
Future perfect con tinuous We form the future perfect continuous with wiII have been + ing form. We use the future perfect continuous for actions that start in the future and continue to happen up to a particular time in the future. It is often used with for + length of \ time(for hours etc.).
Presentsimple for future time We use the present simple with a future meaning to talk about fixed or arranged times, for example, timetables and official Programmes.
Chapter 27
li -i
t
a
tl -1 I
! I
Find the answers
Pocket money
Find the future perfect simple and the future perfect continuous forms in the list below. Write the letter in brackets in the right box to find the answersto the questions below.
Do you savesome of your pocket monev, or do you spend it all?This is how muchJenny and Nick and their friends saveor spend in a week:
Future perfect simple he will have left (E)
Future perfect cont.
E
he will have been reading (F) it will be raining (P)
F
spends Jenny Nick Tom Amanda Jane Ben
5op f1 f2.50 f 1.50 nothing
f2 f3.50 f4 f 1.50 f2.50 f3.50
she won't havebeen waiting (I) theywill have finished (D)
Imagine that today is the first day of February. Answer the questionsin full sentences.
will it have landed? (I) she will be invited (Z) will he have been working? (F)
ofFebruary? By theend of FebruaryJennywiII hauesauedf,8.
I
it will have been raining (T) will we have arrived? (N)
middle of March? By themiddleof March Nichwill hauespmt f,21.
I
he will be reading (A) I won't have been watching (Y) he won't have started (B) they will have written (U)
l l
I 1 I I I 1 I
we will have been learning (T) I will have gone (R) he won't be asked (S) you will have done (G) will they have been skiing? (W) she will have been talking (O) we will have left (H) Future perfect simple: What is the capital of Scotland?
Future perfect continuous: How many statesare there in the USA?
I
How much will Ben have savedby the end ofFebruary? 2 How much pocket moneywillJane have received by the end ofFebruary? 3 How much will Amanda have savedby the middle of March? 4 How much willJane have spent by the middle of March? 5 How much pocket money will Nick have received by the middle of March? 6 How much will Nick have savedby the middle of March? 7 How much will Tom have savedby the end of March? 8 How much willJenny havespent by the end of March? How much pocket moneywill Tom have received by the end of March? l0 How much will Ben have spent by the end of March? 1l Who will have savedthe most by the end of March? t 2 Who will have spent the most by the end of March?
chapter2l
4 About you
3 What will they have done?
Write the answersin full sentences. Use for + length of time.
Write a, b or c in the gap and read the completed sentences.
English by the end of this school year? their newspaper. a b @
will have been completing have completed *ill have completed
How long will you have been living in your town by next summer?
By Wednesdayafternoon, Tom people. a b c 2
will have interviewed will interview will be interviewed
By tomorrow nightJenny a b c
four
How longwil,l you havebeen living in your house or flat by next year? four articles.
will be written will have written won't have been writing
How long will you haveknown your English teacher by the end of this school year?
When the newspapercomes out, they on it for six weeks. a b c
How long will you have known your best friend by next summer?
will work will have been working won't havebeen working
They hope that by the end of next week they a b c
2,000copies.
will be sold will have sold won'I havesold
Nick hopes that by the end of the year they a b c
rich and famous. won't become became will have become
By next month, Amanda articles. a b c
will have written will have been writing will write
27 chapter
seven
How long will you havebeen Watchingyour favourite TV programme by the end of this year?
How long will you havebeen attending your present school by the end of the school year?
ls
A trip to Cornwall Mr Blake is taking his classto Cornwall. Look at his itinerary and complete the questions or answersin the present simple.
l I I
l6nday 9 .30 a.m. 5.00 p.m. Tuesday morning
leave Merton Iunch in Bath arrive in padstow
afternoon
visit Tintagel, King Arthur, s Castle go swinrning
tlednesday morning, afternoon
visit North Cornwall Museum go riding or rock-climbing
Thursday morningr
visit
Fri&y 9 .30 a.m. 5.00 p.m.
seal sanctuary
Ieave Padstow lunch in Wells arrive in Merton
Questions
Answers
When do we leave Merton? Whtle da n,e h.u/<. Utlr'l/L?
at 1.go We l*a'w Matnn ow Mon^d.att In Bath.
I
We arrive at about 6 in the evening.
2 When do we visit the seal sanctuary? 3
On Wednesdaymorning.
4
When do we go rock-climbing? On Tuesdayafternoon.
3
6 When do we go to Tintagel? When do we go riding?
I I l
8
On Friday morning at 9.30.
I
In Wells.
l0
\4hen do we arrive home?
Chapter 27
2S Going to Cornwall
Tense review
Amanda, Nick andJane have gone to Cornwall on a school trip. So far, they have been having a great time. There has only been one small problem.
Today they are visiting the North Cornwall Museum. They are taking a guided tour. Amanda is staying close to the rest of the class.
i i ?
L
Yesterday,they visited a castle.Many tourists visit it every year.Amanda had never seen such an old castlebefore. She started exploring it by herself. Then it happened. Amandawas looking for secretpassagesin a small room when the wind blew the door shut, She was trapped. She had been shouting for half an hour before Nick andJane found her.
7
r
Grammar lesson
7
Presentsimple
Presentcontinuous
We use the present simple for repeated actions and for facts that do not change.
We use the present continuous for an action that is happening at the moment of speaking or for an action that happens at a time which includes the moment of speaking.
7
l a I
I
Pastsimple
Pastcontinuous
f
We use the past simple for an action which started and finished in the past, often with an expressionof past time (last year, in 1969 e tc.) .
We use the past continuous for an action which washappeningwhen another action started.
7
thewindbleut thedoorshut.
Presentperfectsimple
Presentperfect continuous
We use the present perfect simple for a completed action at an unknown or unstated time (without a time reference).
We use the present perfect continuous for an action which began in the past and continues up to the present. The action may be completed or not completed.
I
I
l-
know when - and it isn't important.)
Pastperfectsimple
Past perfect continuous
We use the past perfect simple for a completed action in the pastwhich startedand finished before another action in the past.
We use the past perfect continuous for a past action which continued until another past action happened.
before.Shestartcd explming it.
Nich andJanefound her
Chapter28 rp
The firsr rrral i:e soace Crossout the wrong u.rJro.rn, and read about the first man in space. It all > began,/hFb€un astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, his doctor. After he
li
t. I I I I I I I il I
I
t I I I
on April the 12th, 1961.The Russian t has been woken up/waswoken up
by
2 was eating/had eaten a breakfast of meat
paste,marmalade and coffee, his doctor 3 gave/has given him a medical examination. At 7 o'clock Gagarin 4 wzlked/walks He
up the platform of Vostok l.
5 waved/was waving goodbye to all thosewho
6 had come/were coming to seehim. Then Gagarin 7 disappeared/wasdisappearing into the spaceship.Finallv.at 7 .58 ,h e 8 has announced/announced that he was ready for takeoff. Gagarin's flight
9 waslasting/lasted only 108minutes. During the
flight he had the feeling that he
l0 hung,/washanging in the air.
His atlas,pencil and notebook 11 floated/have floated around him in the cabin. Vostock 12 started/hasstarted its return flight at 8.25, after it
t3 had orbited,/wasorbiting the earth once.
Back on Earth, a farm rvoman and her granddaughter,who I4 had seen/wereseeing the spaceshipas it | 15 landed,/lands rvere the first people to greet the astronaut.Gagarin 16 had travelled/was travelling Iessthan one hour in space,but he
l7 went,/hasgone wnere no man
before.
18 had gone/was going
Famous names in space
The surprise parq
Put the verbsin the presentsimple, present perfect simple or pastsimple to make correct sentences.
rocket launcheson television.There >iA (be) nothing very unusual
LastweekJenny andJane organizeda big surprise party for Tom's birthdav.This is what happened but the eventsare in the wrong order. Complete the sentencesbywriting the words in bracketsin the past simple or the past continuous.Then write a number in the box to showwhat order the sentencesshouldbe in.
about spacetravel today.Spaceflights
E ;..rr,, > Pluwei'
Mostpeoprc> ha)/"- se-e,rL
(see) several
(belong) to our modern
Tom'sfriendswhile he , uru P4^g (play)tenniswith
world, but thirty yearsago sending a satellite (be) very
into space3 exciting.
Nick.
f (you hear) of Laika,
J
*..,
Toml
(take)
his addressbook out of his pocket.
(launch) into spacein
Ll
On Saturday morning,Jenny andJane
(be) the first
(buv) the food for
living creature in space.Unfortunatell', she
the party when Tom 1
(return). However,a
neuer9
(not
Iook)Jenny?
the unlucky dog which the Russians 7957?She I
(phone)all
(see)them at the supermarket.But he
few yearslater, in 1966, the Rpssiandogs
(not guess)what
Weterok and Ugoljok Z
they 9
(orbit) the Earth 330 times and finally (return) safely.
Lo.n
(d o ). (cycle)in the
park with Nick when alI the guests (you hear) of Valentina Tereshkova?She lo
8
the Earth 48 timesin 1963- she wasthe first woman in space.
I
(know) - Neil Armstrong,
(land) on the Moon and (watch)
(walk)
(arrive)
in front of the housewith Nick. all his friends 12 (h id e ) .
.1969,Neil Armstrong and BvzAldrin the whole world I3
Tom9
\4rhen Tom l t
the first man on the Moon. On the 20th ofJuly t2
*l.
up the stairsall his frie nds suddenly l0 (shout),'Surprise!'
But there is one name that evervbodv ll
(arrive) for the
(circle)
I
*.r,Jane 13
(return)
them on television.The astronauts
the addressbook to Tom's pocket,he
74
l4
(be) 385,000kilometres
from home. So far, astronauts I5 the Moon only. Butwill Mars be next? Chapter28
withJenny. (land) on
(plan) an article
Test your tenses How well do you know your tenses?Ring a, b or c and write in the correct answer. 7
well latelv.She
When Nick camein. thev about the party.
looks very pale. a b @ 1
2
a b c
wasn't isn't being hasn't been
Amanda
many old
were talking are talking talk
8 Jennyusually
her
castlesyet.
work on time. What's happened?
a b c
a b c
hasn't visited is visiting was visiting
Before she had the accident.she
9
finished finishes hasfinished
I can't hear a thing! Everyone at the sametime
a nrce ume ln a b c
Cornwall. a b c
has had is having had been having
l0
talks hasbeen talking is talking
Nlike
In general, Trig
it startedto rain.
hard work and early mornings.
a b c
a b c
doesn't like wasn't liking hadn't been liking
Ii
his car when
waswashing washes is rvashing
Nick
for the
I'm sorry, but Nick
football match all week.
out for the da,v.
a b c
a b c
has gone goes was going
12 Trig is speakingTriglonian. I a
him.
to the football a b c
game tomorrow/ a b c
has been uaining is training trains
Did you come Do you come Are you coming
Who was he? She was sure that she
don't understand wasn't understanding had been understanding
loo
him before.
I I I
a b c
hasseen hid seen is seeing
Chaoter28
Oxford University Press Walton Sreet, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford NervYork Toronto Madrid Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Ibrachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Caoe Town Melbourne Auckland and associatedcompanies in Berlin Ibadan o x F o R Da n d o x F o R D E N c L I s F i are uade marks of Oxford Universiry Press. ISBN 0 19 4313638 ISBN 0 l9 431356 5 (Greek edition) @ Oxford University Press1993 First published May 1993 Second impression November 1993 AII rights reserved. No part of this publicadon may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford Universiq'Press. This book is sold subject to the condirion thar ir shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or othenvise circulared without the publisher's prior consent in any form ofbinding or cover other than rhat in which it is published and without a similar condidon including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Illustrated by Heather Clarke . Tyoeset in Baskerville by Pentacor nrc
Printedin Egypt By InternationalPrintingHouse
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:l
(continued from front cover)
rl
Long (and short) forms
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I have (IVe) worked vou have (you've) worked he has (he's) worked she has (she's) worked ithas (it's) worked rve have (we've) worked vou have (youVe) worked thev have ( they've) worked
I have been (I've been) working you have been (you've been) working he has been (he's been) working she has been (she's been) working it has been (it's been) working we have been (we've been) workjng vou have been (you,ve been) working thev have been (they've been) working
I
f,
begin blow break
J p.'.:q ourlcl buv
-t
- J::::
*Jx' I _
J
drarv drink drive
;;;
,
Jf-.;, find
Past simple Past participle was been became become began begun blew blown broke broken brought brought built built bought bought caught caught came come cost cost cut cut drg drg did done drew drawn drank drunk drove driven ate eaten fell fallen felt felt fought fought found found flew flown forgot forgotten froze frozen gor got gave given went gone grew grown hung hung had had heard heard hit hit held held hurt hurt kept kepr knerv known
have I worked? have vou worked? has he worked? has she worked? has it worked? have we worked? have you worked? have theyworked?
have I been working? have you been working? has he been working? has she been working? has it been working? have we been working? have you been working? have they been working?
T RR EGUL AR VERBS
P' Oecome
a
I have not (I haven't) worked you have not (you haven't )worked he has not (he hasn't) worked she has not (she hasn't) worked it has not (it hasn't) worked we have not (we haven't) worked you have not (you haven't; worked they have not (they haven't) worked
Present perfect continuous
Infinitive
-l
Questions
Presentperfect simple
Infinitive leave lend light lose make meet pay Put read ride run say see sell send set sew shake shut slng srt speak spend stand steal stick swrm take teach tell think throw wake wear wln wnte
Pastsimple left lent lit lost made met paid Put read rode ran said saw sold sent set sewed shook shut sang sat spoke sPenr stood stole stuck swam took taught told thought threw woke wore won wrote
Past participle left lent lir lost made met paid put read ridden run said seen sold sent seI sewn shaken shut sung sat. spoken sPent stood stolen stuck swum taken taughr told thought thrown woken worn won wrttten
rsBN-0-l-9-431363-B
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