Foundations of Liturgy: An Introduction to Its History and Practice (Pueblo Books)

Adolf Adam

Foundations of Liturgy: An Introduction to Its History and Practice

A PUEBLO BOOK The Liturgical Press Collegeville, Minnesota

I

CONTENTS Preface IX

Zb'-l·OZ

/11'I3a!

A Pueblo Book published by The Liturgical Press

Foumwfions of Liturgy: An lntroducticm to Its History and pnu;tict was originally published by Verlag Herder under the title: Adolf Adam, Grundriss Liturgit. C t985 Verlag Herder. Design by Frank Kacmarrik

P AR T I : L ITUR GY I I\' G ENERA L

Chapter I: The Nature and Importance of the Liturgy 3 M eaning and History of the Word 3 Nat ure of the Liturgy 4 Scopt' of the Litllrgy (/Is Subdivisions) 8 Agent (S ubject) of the Liturgy 10

Chapler II : History of the Liturgy 12 The Begillllings 12 Christian Liturgy in the Fourth to the Sixth Century 17 The Western Liturgy in the Middle Ages 27

From the Council o/ Trent to Vatican 11 33 American adaptation by Alan F. Detscher Copyright 0 199% by The Order of St. Benedict, Inc. , College ville ' Mind. nesota . All rights reserved. No part of this book may be refod U: t m any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includifig po.; copying, recording. taping, or any retrieval system, withol,ll the vm en pennission of The liturgical Press, Collegeville, Minnesota .¢pI. Printed in the United States of America .

Vat icanlJ and PostconciUar Developments 43 C hapter III : The Science o f Liturgy 49

Historical Development 49 Tasks and Problems o/CO/Itemporary Liturgical Scimce 5] Sources and Tools 0/ Liturgical Science 54 Chapter IV: The Litu rg ical Assembly as a Process of Communication 56

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adam, Adolf, 1911.IGrundrus liturgie. English l Foundations of liturgy : an introduction to its history and practice I Adolf Adam ; translated by Matthew J. O'ConneU. p. crn. Translation of: Grundriss liturgie. " A Pueblo book." ISBN 0-84 6-611.1-1 1. liturgics. I. Title . BVlj'6.Ay.13 1991 164'·01 - dao

Some Basic Principles 56 Liturgical LAnguage (Verbal Commllnication) 59 The l.imguage ofLit1jrgical Signs 65 The Contemporary Capacity for Liturgy 77 Chapter V: Music in the Liturgy 80 Historical Survey 80

Liturgical Music after Vaticallll 86 Chapter VI: Liturgy and Popular Piety 90 Chapter VII: Uturgy and Ecumenis m 93

Divided Christianity and the Ecumenical Movement 93 v

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Joint Efforts in the Area of Liturgy 94 TIre Lima Report and tire Lima Liturgy 96 PART II: THE AREAS O F LITURGY

Chapter VIII: Nature and Importance of the Sacraments 103 The Sacraments as the Ongoing Saving Actions of Christ 104 TIle [ncarnatiO/ral Structure of the Church and the Sacraments 105 TIre Sacraments as Collaborative Encounters with Christ 107 TIre Sacraments as Radirnl Se/f-RealiZJ1tions of tile Church 109 The Efficacy of tlte Sacraments 111 Sequence, Hierarchy, and TntercO/medion of tile Sacraments 111 Chapter IX : Baptism 114 The Importance of Baptism 114 Tire New Rite of Baptism for Children 116 The Rite of Baptism for Clli1drf/1 122 The Incorpo ration of Adults into the Community 127

Chapter XVII: The Liturgy of the Dying and of Funerals 248 The Liturgy of the Dying 248 The Rite of Funerals 250

Chapter XI : The Celebration of the Eucharist 139 Origill, Basic Content, Main Unes of Evolution 139 Structure and Individual Parts of the Mass 143 TIre Forms of Eue/Ulristic Celebration 169 Forms of Eucharistic Devotion Outside Mass 174

Chapter XIII: The Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick 193 Biblical Foundatio ns, Meanillg, Historical Development 193 Tire New Rite of Anoillting of tlle Sick 197 The Anointing of tire Sick in the Noncatholic Churches 204

,.

Chapter XV: The Liturgy of Marriage 228 Chrisitian Marriage as Institution of tire Created Order and as Sacrament 228 Lines of Development in the Western Rite of Marriage 231 Celebration of Marriage 234 Ecumenical Weddings 237 Celebration of Betrothals and Wedding Anniversaries 240 Chapter XVI: Celebrations Peculiar to Religious Communities 242 The Rites of Religious Profession 243 Consecration of Virgins 245 Blessing of an Abbot 246 Blessing of an Abbess 247

Chapter X: The Sncrnment of Confirmation 133 Origin and Meaning Of Confirmation 133 The New Rite of Confirmation 135 Confirmation Outside the Rama" Rite 137

Chapter XII: The Sacrament of Reconciliation 180 Biblical Foundations 180 Historical Development of Penance 181 The New Postconciliar Rite 183 Penance and ReconciliatiOlr Among the Separated Christians

Chapter XIV: The Sacrament of Conse(fation (Orders) 206 New Testament Foundations and Historical Development of tile Sacrament of Orders 206 Ordination of a Bishop 210 Office and Ordination of a Presbyter 215 Office and Ordination of a Deacon 219 Steps Leading to the Sacramerrt of Orders 222 Liturgical Ministries for Women 225

Chapter XVlll: The Sacramentals (Blessings) 255 Basic Observations 255 The Postconciliar Reorganization 258 Exorcisms 259

190

Chapter XIX: The Celebration of the Liturgy of the Hou rs 261 Origin and Historical Development 261 Understanding the Liturgy of the HOll rs 266 The Postconciliar Reform of tire Office 270 Other Forms of the Liturgy of the HOllrs Within the Roman Rite and Outside It 275 Chapter XX: Liturgicalllme (The Liturgica l Year) 276 Meaning and Structure of the Liturgical Year 276

..

Sunday as the Original Celebration of the Paschal Mystery 283 The Liturgical Character of the Weekdays 287 Easter and Its Cycle of Feasts 288 Christmas and Its Cycle of Feasts 298 Ordinary Time 305 The Sanctoral Cycle of the Liturgical Year 315 Chapter XX I: Liturgical Space (The Church) 321 Theology of the Christian Litu rgical Bllilding 321 Historical Survey 323 Guidelines and Criteria for Church Arcllitrcture 324 Names and Types of Liturgical Buildi"gs 327 TIlt! Fumis/li/Igs ofChll rehes 331 The Dedieatjoll ofClwrclles a"d Altars 340 Chapter XX II : The Uturgy of the Future 345 Reflectiol/s 0/1 Basic Pri"ciples 345

TIle Recent Reform and Its Results 346 Aspects oj the Liturgy of the Futu re 347 Abbreviations 352 Notes 354

Preface All who kno w and love the liturgy as " the summit toward which the activity of the Church is directed (and) at the same time... the fount from which aU the Church's power fl ows" (SC 10) m ust deeply regret that interest in it and esteem for it seems to be on the wane in broad sections of the Church. The phenomenon is certa in ly connected with a widespread decline in the strength of Christian and ecclesial faith. For faith alone can open the eyes of the mind and focus them on the value and high dignity of the Christian liturgy. The old saying, "No one loves w hat he/ she d oes no t know," holds true in regard to the liturgy. The purpose of this book is to make kno wn the nature and structure of the liturgy and to present the most important informat ion about the numerous areas that make it up. Despite the necessary conciseness of the presentation, this "Outline" endeavors to give a careful survey of the wideranging and many-faceted realm of liturgical actions. In any effort at a deeper understanding of the prescnt• day liturgy it is necessary and helpful at every step to be consciOliS of its historical evolution. Nor have I fa iled to take note o f the forms of liturgy practiced in the Churches separated from Rome. The book is a scientific compend ium and as such it seeks to meet the needs primarily of students of theology and others whose task it is to communicate the Christian message and the Christian life. But it will also be of service to those who are looking for a more comprehensive knowledge of the liturgy. May it help to make the Christian liturgy once again know n and loved as "the most important, the most urgently needed, and the most glorious activity that can take place on earth" (Karl Barth).

Ma inz

Adolf Adam

Part I

Liturgy in General

•

ChaplIn One

Nature and Importance of the liturgy M fAr-'Ir<. G

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III S TORY

or

THE

WO~1l

The Gn",k .... ,,,..1 I~ilo"rg'" (verb: Le;lo"rxmr) is mad .. up of Ille n"un "'80n • "w",k" ~nd Ille adjectiw iii", " "l;,.,I""lIinll '" tile ~ple" (dcri\'oo /r,.,m 10>; . Ionian laos ="prop\l'")_Litc .. ll y tr.nslalt"d. In.-II, lril""rgi~ m.!illS " work of tile proplc." In pr~ctic~. it w.s unde.~tood to """all s.e,vir:I'S p<'r/orrr><--d lor lhe g"ud 01 t!>@people, wlletll ... by afflu..-.I (iti2'-""l or by whoI<' (iii ...... ~~, lur ... ~mpl~, 1M f'Q"ipping of a choru~ in • Gn>cl:. t lle~t<'T. t"'" fi ning ""t of • ship, the /....ding of a mix> ~t natioN! festivals, and "" on. u~, on, th~ t,.,..., incl"dt"d any pubUc ,...,...;{'\'"; from the "", """ «llll1ry o n it in· cluded cuitic servia>~. "'elL The $toptujgint (Ihe G ..... k trallSl.tion 0 / the! Old T""t~m"'I, da ling from 25()..lSO B.C. ) u ..... the word for lhe se ....·.", given b~' the p.w.ts .nd Le\'it<'S in tile lI'mpk, 11.... word """eral times in till' Nt!"-' Testamenl witll til;, mcaning (U 1:23; Heb 9:21; 10:11). but it is al!lO ust'd tllen' with otller meaning', for ins lance, c~ .itati'·c .ctiv· ily (e,g" 2 Cor 9: (2) or III~ ,..".,-i"" ,....,derN 10 tile commun;ti~"S b)' the angel! ( l-ieb 1:7. 14). It may .lso mUll "'worship of God" (Acts ] 3:2). Chrisl is onct' (~Il.-d "minist.". o f the slmctu.'ry ~nd 1M true ten!" (I-kb 8:2), ond his ""n'''''' as medi.aIO. is (~lled ~ "liTUfKY" (Heb 8:6).'

,><Xu'"

Tho! poslaposlOlic period used lrilou'll'" 10 n\C3n bOTh """'·"'t CJf God ~nd 5oe"'0n> of 1M community. Gr~d""ll y, ",,,,,.,,,.tt', the C ..... ks~king

East ~"l'd tile ...·ord for t..... ceid> •• !ioJl o f the Euo:h.· rUt; i! h.n I<epTlhis meaning in Ih<' East e,,<,'sinn'. n......·",d was originally un"""""" in tn.- ~ ~nd in illi p Ia"" nu"",rous utin ex· presion' wr ... used for the activity of ...""hip: the!;e ha"e ~ur' vived d own t<> Ou r time in inherj!ed prayers.' The wo.d "liturgy"

(I"II'S",) .... S imn oduced into the W''SI onh' in u.., ,iUC"t'111h cm1\.,,· d lid ly IhtOUgh I..... innu.enc.· o{ lho- humd~i.cs. . nd ... as ~ opted .' ....·.. n by th.· Chu~ of th~ Kefornuotion in till' se,·""t'''e"Ilth ...d ";ght<...'tlth co!1l!u, i.'S; in i", Wf.'SIem u ... it incl u.lone «to ord .... th .. ,",cred lilurgr ~ nd .pp,m .,. li turwcal books " (Co n. 1257).'

.. as ... nt by the r athet, he rum..,1f . IS() k'nllh~ ~P"'>tk':s. iiIit'd ... ,th th .. Holy Spiril. The" miSSion " .• ~ fi"!.lto] p",ach. the gospd to ....<'t). c .... tu ... .... But the> ,,"0'" tllt'y p ",.chcd II,..}" ......n · .1"" I" bring inw ,,"'-'<1 through the sacrifICe and the s.orr • . """,l_. tlw ...,..,.". "I I.... ,,·hoIe Iilu'8ic.llof.o" (A n . 6~ 1"() accom· pli. h ><, g ...~ 1 a ...·orl<. Quist is . 1.... )·' presen t in his Churrh, csp«iall)' in ilSlitu rgical Cl'l<'brations" (Art , 7).'

II ma~' bt- mmt lor.t'd IN the .. ke of rompl.. t~nl"56l1'"'t the Il'l"m "Ii_ turgiOl" is bd ;;.,d on the G .......'k .dje<:tiv" 1~'I()ugik . ... hich in thI s ",n . Icxt n ...,d s to bt- c()mplelt."d by th~ noun ryislm(" .. "5(it" ,," ;

It f" lIo ... . /",m lhese slalements th.t th e ini tia t;"~ In the lilurgy Ix>lon~> m (~ wl ; thai in illhe his tot)' ()f .. h-ati,lIl i~ ~ing c()nlinued; th~1 thl' chil'/ ag",, 1 and primary actor in the liturgy is Chrisllh.. high pril",t. 'r" Ihal e~~nt liturgy is primarily. Sr.ce ...·cnl, both in the p",d amatio" of lhe di\'i"" ml'S;5;lg~ and in the sacraments (mys· I"'its ) w ith Ihe """,h.ol m)'S~I")' of Christ Ih." I. contained in IIK-m, Tllt> purpow 0{ the lilurgy is the ... nrti ficat oon of hum .... b<~ n gs. Lit· urgy;lS "'on! and sacrament h.os t"",,·IOI<' ~ pnm~ril)' d,:s.-md,ng

"iii",.

"lilu'S,c,. " It,us ",,-on, " liImgicaJ sciruc(". • Two Sf"nMS r:f Ih~ umd gi5t" must Ihtrtjorr ", di5lilfxuisMd: s/ud,nl r:f lilurgy a"d rtll'b,alll uf lilu rgy. Th, jor".,. ilf''l"!I Iig~''; ' N hi5loric~1 dn rlcpmml, tsSn!1,ai Sl,"{-

lu",. CI>n lru l" tf/«.IS. alld ",a"'frslQlimrs of' N lit urgy: IN lall" "".

fur- lilllrgi<"IIl .'iclf~ r-;A TL' Rf OF

Ht ~

f to r.ob.tr

lITl: RGY

In .t"'""'pling to unrs,and t ....... tun: of th.. liturxy ..... will be besl .d'·i~ to begin wilh I.... stal......... tsof Vatic. n 11 '"", more aCcurately. those nd in its Constilution on th" Liturgy. which " 'U th .. fru it of a
«...

w"""'"

"K iShtly, II-I<-n, the lituTXY is considcred as ~n p,erd"" of the pri~tJy om"" "I )•.,,,, s Ch rist. In Ih" Ii h'rgy by m,·.ns 01 sign s perct;ptiblp I() lhe ... n.o;e;. human "neli lkali,,,, is signirn.xI and br""j;ht about in .... y~ propt.'f 10 eKh 01 t ....... ". «From Ihls il lolk>\o'S IhA t ....<'T)' liturgic. 1 cel<'br aticm. ber.use it ;s an action of C hrist t .... 1'li1'S1and of his IIoJ r " 'hic h i. the> Church. is a ,,",red artio.m sutpO.... ing .11 others; no <Jth.er of the C hu1'("h u n <'q". 1 its effucti.... 1W'SS by the sam~ litle and 10 the ... me

.ct"'"

deg"",.« This ",,"'<.1Se mak~ il clear Ih~1 Ih.. lilurgy is not pri mari ly a human a<"ti \' lty bUI a ron tinuation 01 th" rcod~mpli"" ... hich God has acwmpll sh.aJ in )''SI'' Chrisl Ihrough Ihc H()l y Spiril." As

,

Chri~t

If'

. 1",n uTt .

This duos not mean. """·....·.. r.lhat the hUm.ln bei ngs p~" iri""ting in tho> liturgy m.ly rem.lm ...,tircl ~· ""5s1\"~. IJ"....-:~uS(' Ih..-y ~ ..... O" u,...,.. lion demands thai human beings th.lnk .,nd proi ,., him, B"t this pr.lse and thanksgi\'ing is the .letivit )' nol of isolat' 'l d(ti..,n . 1.. , h.~ an IN"Ii/tIlg l~nat:..rr<J t-"'~ a"d 1M i/./IJli/i"' · lian uf IN w'",ly r alMr-. This action h.os ~1.'1() bto:n ri~tly de;;<:ribt,d as I "di;>IOJ;U<' bet..·...,n God and h uman betn/ts,"' Lilurgy i. lhus not a """ ..... y Sin\.1 but. "hol y c""bo"g<'« (",,.,,,,,, '<"n .." ....'""n,). In Ilght of this insight int() the """""" " f tilt: liturgy tilt, ;",,,ffi· d l'ncy. and C\'.·n 1.lsity, of many COJl(cpHons 0 1 it t>ccom~ c1e,,,,

,

This is l ru~ '''''P''<'iall y 01 lho> wid f'Sp.~~d dek... ti\,e ,'",w thaI tho> lit· u,1O' is 11M' ~um·toldl 01 all the «'remoni<'5 and rubrics fa. dh'Lne ,,·,=hip. Nu~ XII had .I ....~y <JfIJ'06"'d this sUJ'E'r&ia l "iew in his Encyclical Mnliarat' Drr (lINn. in "'hkk "" wrole: .. It is an .... '0., cO/\'le<ju''rltly. and a mi't~ ke 10 thln k 01 tho> NCred lit·

urgy as me",ly the outward 0. "isibl.. pol" 01 di"i .... ",OIShiI' or as an umament.1 Nu k-ss .... '''nrous i, It... notion th.1! it consists solel ~' in a liit 01 laws and p •.s:riptiuns according to wkkk Ihe ecdesi.,tkal kier ..chy u.dcrs thr "",red ri tf'S to b., performed."

«,,,,,,,u,,,.I.

In tt...- ' '! ",estanl world. too, ttx-.... " ... til ..... ,,'110 tend to regard t.... liturgy as simply a .... of ...gul'lion. go",,..ning tt... e~ se of offie.. or as a " mantle of prayer' th rewn m"" il.' A compl.,rcly mist.ken ~Sciologis.s, res.nJ~ it.as simply a "'" of lIighl}' de\... lnptd .~'1tt" bois of socialiution; "'."" an enlighh-",ed at h<'-ist like A. Wrt'f\ze.- I•. ment>; I h~ (supposed) d,,,tructiun 01 th",,- ,,,mb,,I.: Wide;;p,

is th .. idmlificalion o f liluTf;)' with rult.. 0<' wor,kip. By "rull~ (from co/r-Tr ~ to culli". "'. tu 1>0"".) is ""'ant t .... honorin g 01 God in prai"" and tha nksg i"ing .•Ism and symbol., ,,,ug and music. and th.. most d i,·..I'W kinds "I ~cri fici.1 rilual., The focus he", is on wNt human bcings ,,.-lIle Chu.d! do.-.. 10 honerCud and win di>' ln" fa, ·or; tkat is. it i~ on the~"",nd ing m,,,,,,m""l, tlw> actiQ of human being~, Pius XI I still d
"Th.-~ lilurgy ;,;. COI'I'"'<Ju.....lly. ttx- publ ic " 'orship wkich
scending ffiO\·...m.mt no! mmliOl'lt'd h......, is gi"en ils du~ in other f"ssages. In gencr. to ..... ....,..;,~ tt... imp~n in ..... ding thrdoc· umeotsul the Churrh thO! lhe w"rd "c ull. " rontn . y to ilS propt.. me.ming. has Inc",asingly been given a more comp "'I-..:nsl\'e sen,;e that includ,.. Ihe d""'mding mo...... m""t of .. nctification. Thu511w

,

sup II'mc Koman .uthoril~tive body th~t "'as fi.st t'St.blished aft.. , V.tic"n II tode.1 ,,' ith liturglc.1 q.-h.Wl' "'. s g"''''' tlw n. me ~Congres.tion for [)i,.int> Worship " (Co~~I" pI'\! rullu dit·"",). It is gratifying thdt the nt!w C"d" "I Canon La w (1~3) takes o\'<:r botk el.-ments in the definition of ttw.' liturgy given in t .... Constituti"" on "'" U lurgy: &em..- 01 ttw.- priestly offKl" of Christ. ",ho uncrifi... humanlgians, l hus £. Loh ...... y.... "'rilf'S: - All rultic ""ti,' ity on the I'd rt of man is men:!y ""0<111> to God's <1(1",. the (Antu"OI'1) to His p.-...:eding woro(I'/o,r) _\1 P. Brunfll". who is familIar ""ilh tl><-Idea of -..I,·arion·..,,""t In wt,.,J,ip.· " writ ....: '1"l>e sid<> of spirilual .cti,1ty in worship ;mmed iat~ly directed to God IS baS<'d excluslvelv on th", octi "it)' th ,,'Ullh which God .dd ll'!;se!' Himself to man ~ nd oilers him and ':'''''''1'' to him His gilt of uk.· lion. n,.. \Nord the ""pons.-, t .... gift 01 God ....-0h-5 man's de,·orion toGod .~u

.espo"""

"" ohos

The sing l,· c",rm"n w ord IhO! best e~pr"""'" this undcThtandin~ of liturgy is duubtl.", ttx- word GoItNd"",sl, -_,· ic~ of God. - lIut thm t .... phr.se · ofGod" must M u ....... not onl)' a~ ~n objr.:ti'·e genilh-e but .\~ os. <""'ing "",",'ic .. I-..: has pcrfor""-" ""..,,,·ed but to .........·e~ (Mt 20:28; Mk HU5). It is with thislwnfr.ld m~3n,nK in mind that r BruMff entitles Iwo "',,"lion s of his bl~ ,k on won;h ip: "Worship as 3 Se"" ice of G:,J m tn.: Congregation· ~nd "W<mhip as t.... Congregalion·~ Se"';':" Bt1'''''

God .·" Ulurgy thu s understood is on~ of tt... ,-",,~ri "1 ~xp .... sions of the Church'. l il~; it is """ of tlw> Church'. bo"ic function~. t.... ollll'rs bring the prod~mation of the faith ("""'yrio) and t .............iC(" 01 •• " Iislance to nt~ (dUd:uniD). ll\e C~itution on lhe Uwrgy does not hc:sital<' to assi gn it the highest pl.~ "I a ll. fo,;1 dc-scribcs it as " the s um m;, toward which t.... acti"it)' of the Church is din.... I.-d .. and "the font from "'hidl Church'. P"""'" /low." (An. IOJ.

.u "'"

NNo 011,,·, oK. i"" of tOO Ctll. rrn Can ''qual its effur!i,''''''-'» b)' t.... ,..."'" till., and to ....... ~me dt>g......,N(A rt. 7). Jhesj:, s uper l•• i'·r$! ,ni. tidily mAd .. many o i I...... council F.. thers .nd Ih.... logi.ons ""'I un""S)·. Hu. if "'e .... 0«1 Ih .... he liturt;)· spnngs f",m the potKh.1 my"'"')' of Chri:ll . nd rna""" rho: froi" 0/ .his mp.<"')" (~ I,·.rH.m 01 hum.n b.~nK" and suprem~ glorification of God) ~H<,<.i<·~ ly pr{'Senl, then no olht.' f action 0/ th~ Church c.on be ~id 10 be mort' ,·.Iu.ble, mn", dfic. rious, '" mo", n.,,,,,,,,,,y. (This is not '0 d""y tlut among Ihe .sp"'<"ifk parts of the lilurgy the celebr.lion of tho- Eu, h._ ri'l lak.,,; lir •• pl.,c.) Th" "" m" hi~h "olue is . 1", "'. on the lilurgy by snrne E"an):I'lk,,1 th.'Ologi."s; K.rl (l."th, lor ~xamplc, .... ril('S: "Christi.. n ''''',,' k,' 01 God' is the mo,t import.nl, th~ mOlit ur);"ntly needed, .. nd If,., most ):Iorious act;"il\' th.t c.,n take pi""" on ... rth ."" ' Tn.. lugh rank .",'g"'-'
m.ny other tI"n!\,> Iud to PfKede tt... litUTgy; for "".mple, mi)~, Of}' p .......hing. th .. n"" ·...-sioll . lId turning of homan beings to Christ, and ~dint'S.~ to b....:ome p.:trt 0/ .. mmmonity o f bmthoon; .ond sistc~. In .ddin,,", I, IUT):K.I iKti"iry' rna)' not be left In 001 .. Ii, ... Thoe;o.> .... ho.n! (',"stanlly bring mOIl! full y incorpor.oled imo Christ in.nd Ih""'Hh Ih.' liturgy knO"" th.1 li k.. him lhey ha,·.. . dotr lo ..... k ,h~ ",, 1\'~lion 01 "II human being'. Th .. lilUrgy gi'·... th ,. 'i~hl mOli"orio n dnd st n·n):lh 10 O'"ermme ",11-n"t,'A.'dness ~nd to d"",>I" on<'5('11 .. "sel/ish ly 10 lhe ser"ice of nne', 1(>11 "", human boo. ing< dnd the ,.., 1\·,U;on "I the entire world . Th" gilt .. .c",·ed in the lilurgy mu,t n,"'~r I~~d to ""lh'dti,loc\ion bUI mu,1 '.ther bc<:ome • lask 10 1>.' .... rompll!d . ThC'Sl' ron<.idt:'a'ion~ dCMlr sho... ho.... ungrounded i< lho.' objg.ord lor Ih~ IIIorg)' ",.. d, 10 • d rultifkdtion "I ChriSI;"n life." On lhe on., hdnd , 100 lilurgy emb..>di.", I...... ""enkal " di"""",i"" (humon being_--Godlthat U n """.". be eliminaloo; un tho.' <"iIcr, il impos<"! the obhgdriOIl 01 st, i"ing fo, a to' 10;:t I"' ing 01 1.... " hori, ''''"ta l" d""ens ..", (h .. mdO bemg~fell,,,,' homan beinS-lnI ildillg of Ihe ....o ,ld ) . nd lhe 51n.'flglh to do "',

"J",

et). 01 m.n,I~I~li""s. AI the €""I~, is und'lUbl<'
,... hkh n'Odt!n< p""""nl I.... p.:tsd"'l m)'si~ . nd fotJntainhod of alililu rgy. 11\(' 0 1...... ' p.:t,,, d,,, ..· Ilwor life 10 " g .... 0' lesser e~lml from t..... Eucharisl . .o", mcasun;