Flora of Tropical East Africa - Alliaceae (2003)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A.V.P.=O.Hedberg, Afroalpine Vascular Plants; B.J.B.B.=Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’Etat, Bruxelles; Bulletin du Jardin Botanique Nationale de Belgique; B.S.B.B.=Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique; C.F.A.= Conspectus Florae Angolensis; E.J.=A.Engler, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie; E.M.=A.Engler, Monographieen Afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und Gattungen; E.P.=A.Engler, Das Pflanzenreich; E.P.A.=G.Cufodontis, Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta; in B.J.B.B. 23, Suppl. (1953) et seq.; E. & P. Pf.=A.Engler & K.Prantl, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien; F.A.C.=Flore d’Afrique Centrale (formerly F.C.B.); F.C.B.=Flore du Congo Beige et du Ruanda-Urundi; Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi; F.D.O.A.=A.Peter, Flora von Deutsch-Ostafrika; F.F.N.R.=F.White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia; F.P.NA.=W. Robyns, Flores des Spermatophytes du Parc National Albert; F.P.S.=F.W.Andrews, Flowering Plants of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan or Flowering Plants of the Sudan; F.P.U.=E.Lind & A.Tallantire, Some Common Flowering Plants of Uganda; F.R.=F.Fedde, Repertorium Speciorum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis; F.S.A.=Flora of Southern Africa; F.T.A. =Flora of Tropical Africa; F.W.T.A.=Flora of West Tropical Africa; F.Z.=Flora Zambesiaca; G.F.P.=J.Hutchinson, The Genera of Flowering Plants; G.P.=G.Bentham & J.D.Hooker, Genera Plantarum; G.T.=D.M.Napper, Grasses of Tanganyika; I.G.U.=K.W.Harker & D.M.Napper, An Illustrated Guide to the Grasses of Uganda; I.T.U.=W.J.Eggeling, Indigenous Trees of the Uganda Protectorate; J.B.=Journal of Botany; J.L.S.=Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany; K.B.=Kew Bulletin, or Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew; K.T.S.=I.Dale & P.J.Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs; K.T.S.L.=H.J.Beentje, Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas; L.T.A.=E.G.Baker, Leguminosae of Tropical Africa; N.B.G.B.=Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem; P.O.A.=A.Engler, Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete; R.K.G.=A.V.Bogdan, A Revised List of Kenya Grasses; T.S.K.=E.Battiscombe, Trees and Shrubs of Kenya Colony; T.T.C.L.=J.P.M.Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory; U.K.W.F.=A.D.Q.Agnew (or for ed. 2, A.D.Q.Agnew & S.Agnew), Upland Kenya Wild Flowers; U.O.P.Z.=R.O.Williams, Useful and Ornamental Plants in Zanzibar and Pemba; V.E.=A.Engler & O. Drude, Die Vegetation der Erde, IX, Pflanzenwelt Afrikas; W.F.K.=A.J.Jex-Blake, Some Wild Flowers of Kenya; Z.A.E.= Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1907–1908, 2 (Botanik).

FAMILIES OF VASCULAR PLANTS REPRESENTED IN THE FLORA OF TROPICAL EAST AFRICA The family system used in the Flora has diverged in some respects from that now in use at Kew and the herbaria in East Africa. The accepted family name of a synonym or alternative is indicated by the word “see”. Included family names are referred to the one used in the Flora by “in” if in accordance with the current system, and “as” if not. Where two families are included in one fascicle the subsidiary family is referred to the main family by “with”. Foreword and preface (£3.00)

Glossary (£23.50)

Index of Collecting Localities (£18.50)

PTERIDOPHYTA Actiniopteridaceae (£2.30)

Grammitidaceae

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Begoniaceae

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This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” © 2003 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ISBN 0-203-97118-3 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 90-5809-416-2 (Print Edition)

FLORA OF TROPICAL EAST AFRICA ALLIACEAE SARAH SMITH1 & JONATHAN STANSBIE2 Acaulescent or short-stemmed biennial or perennial geophytes. Stem usually swollen to form a bulb or tuberous rhizome, rarely a corm, covered with the dry remains of sheathing leaf-bases. Leaves linear, filiform, lanceolate or rarely ovate, flat, terete or cylindrical and hollow, bases sheathing, veins parallel. Scape leafless, terete, flat or cylindrical and hollow. Inflorescence an umbel, subtended by (1–)2 (-several) membranous spathaceous-bracts; bracts enveloping young flower buds; pedicels sometimes further subtended by smaller membranous bracts. Flowers hermaphrodite, actinomorphic. Perianth tubular with 6 free lobes; corona present or absent. Stamens usually in 2 series of 3; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, trilocular, with 2 septal nectaries, 2-several ovules per locule; style solitary, erect, at apex of ovary or ± gynobasic; stigma capitate or trilobate. Fruit a loculicidal capsule with few-many seeds. Seeds small, ovoid, ellipsoid to subglobose or flat. About 600 species in 13 genera; mainly South America (especially Chile); Allium is more common in the Northern Hemisphere. The Alliaceae are characteristically devoid of alkaloids that are common in related families such as Amaryllidaceae. For further discussion see Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo, Families of the Monocots: 193 (1985) and K.Rahn in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 3:70 (1998). 1. Rhizomatous herbs; seeds large (4–11 mm long); perianth with a corona

1. Tulbaghia

Bulbous herbs; seeds small (<4 mm); perianth without corona 2. Perianth segments connate; bracts distinctly overlapping at their bases; ovules more than 14 per locule; plants without an onion smell; a naturalised weed

2 2. Nothoscordum

Perianth segments free or almost free; bracts not overlapping at their bases; Allium ovules 2–14 per locule; cultivated in our area

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Allium L. Several species are cultivated for food or ornamental purposes: Allium cepa L., onion, widely cultivated for consumption. No specimens seen. U.O.P.Z.: 115 (1949) Allium ampeloprasum L., leek, cultivated and used for consumption. No specimens seen. (Allium parrum L.). U.O.P.Z.: 115 (1949) Allium schoenoprasum L., chives, cultivated; leaves used for flavouring. No specimens seen. U.O.P.Z.: 115 (1949) 1 2

c/o Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, England 14 Otley Road, Eldwick, Bingley, W Yorkshire, England

Allium sativum L., garlic, cultivated for cooking and medicinal purposes. No specimens seen. Allium neapolitanum Cirillo, cultivated in Kenya for horticultural purposes. No specimens seen. Allium roseum L., has been cultivated in Nairobi (Gillett, in litt.). No specimens seen, identification uncertain. 1. TULBAGHIA L., Mant. Alt. 2:148 (1771) (as Tulbagia); Neck, Elem. 3:188 (1790); R.B.Burb. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. 36:77–103 (1978) Perennial herbs smelling strongly of onions, with a ± swollen and irregularly shaped rhizome (rarely a corm or bulb) surrounded by dry sheathing leaf-bases. Leaves 4–8, strap-shaped filiform, distichous, base forming a very short closed sheath. Scape solitary (−2), erect. Inflorescence umbellate, subtended by 2 spathaceous bracts; pedicels subtended by smaller membranous bracts. Flowers 3–40, opening in succession, with the outer opening first. Perianth segments united into a tube for about half their length; tube with a corona of 3 or more free fleshy scales or a fleshy tube (in all East African species). Anthers sessile in 2 whorls, 1 whorl usually inserted on the corona. Style short; stigma capitate. Fruit surrounded by remains of perianth. Seeds black, flat. About 22 species mainly southern African in distribution, with two species extending to East Africa. The strong onion smell that is characteristic of Tulbaghia and other alliaceous genera is from sulphur compounds that are released on damage to the tissues. A number of important characters are lost on drying which makes identification and correct description difficult. For this study, herbarium material has been rehydrated; no fresh materal was studied. 1.

2.

Corona annular, subentire or deeply lobed

2

Corona of 3 distinct lobes, free at the base; cultivated

3. T. violacea

Corona >3 mm long

1. T. cameronii

Corona, scale-like, <3 mm long

2. T. rhodesica

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1. T. cameronii Baker in J.B. 16:321 (1878); Vosa in Ann. Bot. (Roma) 34:110, fig. 20, t. 18 (1975); R.B.Burb. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. 36:94, fig. 2, pro parte (1978). Type: Banks of Lake Tanganyika, (no further locality given, but from Cameron’s travels, probably Congo (Kinshasa) or Tanzania), Cameron s. n. (K!, holo.) Plant to 45 cm high. Rootstock a small corm 1.5–2.5 cm in diameter, with rhizomatous base, covered by membranous, reddish brown leaf-bases. Leaves linear to linearlanceolate, 12.5–37 cm long, 0.18–0.8(−1) cm wide, apex rounded, margin entire, base sheathing and persistent, glabrous. Scape 1–2 per plant, 8–32 cm long. Inflorescence an umbel with 6–9 (−12) scented flowers and a pair of involucral bracts; bracts pinkish, membranous, unequal, larger bract 2.7–3.3 cm long, 0.3–0.5 cm wide, smaller bract 2– 2.1 cm long, 0.15–0.2 cm wide, lanceolate with long-attenuate apex, margin entire, base amplexicaul, larger bract partially enclosing the smaller; pedicels 0.6–2.7 cm long. Perianth greenish white to pale purplish; tube 5–8 mm long, cylindrical in young flowers, becoming urceolate, lobes 6, in 2 whorls set 2–3 mm apart, lanceolate to lanceolateelliptic, 5–10 mm long, 1–2 mm wide, apex acute, with 1 main median nerve, white tinged with purple or green; corona cylindrical to

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FIG. 1. TULBAGHIA CAMERONII— 1, habit; 2, flower; 3, LS flower; 4, habit (broad leaf form). 1–3 from Greenway & Kanuri s.n., 10/12/1970; 4 from Hornby 436. Drawn by P.Davis.

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campanulate, 3-lobed, somewhat fleshy, bright yellow to orange, 3.5–5 mm long, margin irregularly and shallowly lobed, lobes to 1 mm; anthers 6, sessile, 1–2 mm long, one series of 3 inserted at mouth of corona, sometimes slightly exserted, one series inserted below at base of corona or where corona is fused to perianth tube, ±5.5 mm above base of perianth tube; ovary subglobose, 2.5–3.5 mm long, 2.5–3 mm diameter; style 0.8–1 mm long, 0.5–0.8 mm in diameter, not exserted; stigma capitate, papillate. Capsule subglobose, 3-lobed, 4–4.5 mm long, 3–5 mm in diameter, each locule 1–2-seeded. Seeds 3– 3.5 mm long, sub-crescent shaped with 2 angles on inner face, surface rough. Fig. 1 (page 3). TANZANIA. Mpwapwa District: 17 Nov. 1948, van Rensburg 628!; Rungwe District: Rungwe Game Reserve, 5 Dec. 1975, Richards 20750!; Njombe District: Makambako, Jan. 1961, Procter 1695! DISTR. T 5, 7; Congo (Kinshasa), Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe HAB. Brachystegia woodland, Combretum thicket, burnt grassland; 1050–1550(−2400) m NOTE. This species shows a large degree of variation in its vegetative characters. The East African material at Kew can be roughly divided into broad-leaved and narrowleaved plants, but we have seen relatively few specimens, and these do not show any geographical disjunctions. To use this character as a basis for infraspecific taxa would be premature. In the protologue, Baker (1878) states that the umbels are 3–4-flowered. However, examination of the type material shows a 7-flowered umbel and some of the specimens at Kew have up to 9 flowers. 2. T. rhodesica R.E. Fr. in Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1911–12, I: 227, fig. 20/a–c (1916); Vosa in Ann. Bot. (Roma) 34:111, fig. 21, t. 19 (1975); R.B. Burb. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. 36:97, fig. 3, pro parte (1978). Type: Zambia, Kalungwisi R., Fries 1127 (?S, holo.) Plant to 24 cm high. Rootstock a small bulb, ovoid or pear-shaped, 1–1.5 cm in diameter, with rhizomatous base, covered by dry membranous brown leaf-bases. Leaves few, erect, linear, 6–10 cm long, 0.2–0.4 cm wide, apex obtuse to rounded, margin entire, base sheathing and persistent on bulb, glabrous. Scapes 1–2(−3) per plant, 7.7–20 cm long. Inflorescence an umbel with 5–10 flowers; spathaceous-bracts pinkish, membranous, unequal, larger bract 1.3–2.5 cm long, 0.3–0.4 cm wide, the smaller 1.3–1.5 cm long, 0.2 cm wide, lanceolate with long-attenuate apex, margin entire, base amplexicaul, the larger bract partially enclosing the smaller; pedicels 0.8–2 cm long. Perianth purple-mauve, tube 5–7(−8) mm long, lobes ovate to elliptic to obovate, 7–9 mm long, 2.3–3.2 mm wide, whorls set very close together, apex acute to obtuse, with 1 prominent median nerve; corona obscurely 3-lobed, each lobe separated from the next by a minute secondary lobe, annular or divided into fleshy scales, rose-pink, 0.4–1 mm long, margin subentire to shallowly lobate; anthers sessile, 0.8–1 mm long, one series of 3 inserted below corona, 0.2–2.5 mm from mouth of perianth tube, the other series inserted 3–4 mm from base of perianth tube and surrounding the style; ovary subglobose, 1.5–2

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mm long, 1.8–2 mm in diameter; style ±0.5 mm long, <0.4 mm in diameter, not exserted; stigma capitate, subsessile, papillate. Capsule obovoid. TANZANIA. Ufipa District: 9.5 km from Zambian border, 15 Oct. 1962, Richards 16841 DISTR. T 4; Northern Zambia HAB. Woodland, in dry gritty soil; 1050 m NOTE. Fries states that T. rhodesica is isolated within the genus on account of its subrudimentary corona. A specimen collected from Ruaha National Park (Iringa District, Bjørnstad 2016) may also be this species, but the flowers are less robust and are described as ‘pink to mauve’ as opposed to ‘rich purple mauve’. Vegetatively it is leafier than Richards 16841. The scarcity of material from East Africa precludes a more positive identification. 3. Tulbaghia violacea Harv. in Bot. Mag.: t. 3555 (1837); Fl. Pl. S. Afr. 1: t. 9 (1921). Type: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope [Caput Bonae Spei], Harvey s.n. (? K!, iso.) Plant to 70 cm high. Rootstock a corm with rhizomatous base, ovoid, 1.5–2.7 cm long, 1–1.5 cm in diameter. Leaves 8–10, linear, 17–50 cm long, 0.35–0.7 cm wide, apex obtuse, base sheathing. Scape 39–70 cm long. Umbel 1 1-flowered, opening in succession, erect or patent, bright purple; pedicels 10–20 mm long. Perianth tube cylindrical, 8–10 mm long, lobes 6–7 mm long, 1.5–2.8 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute with slightly inrolled margin, one distinct mid-vein sometimes giving the lobe a keeled appearance; corona of 3 distinct lobes, 2.5–3 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, oblong, apex retuse; stamens included in perianth tube, upper series 2–2.5 mm below mouth, lower series ±6 mm from base; anthers 1 mm long; ovary oblong to obovoid, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter; ovules numerous; style 1 mm long, 0.4 mm in diameter; stigma capitate, small. Capsule and seeds not seen. TANZANIA. Lushoto District: Chambogo Forest Reserve, 18 July 1987, Kisena 423! DISTR. T 3; Cape Province, South Africa HAB. No data, this is a cultivated plant that may have become naturalised; 2100 m SYN. [T. simmleri sensu R.B.Burb. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. 36:98, fig. 3 pro parte (1978), won Beauverd (1908)] T. cepacea L. f., Suppl. Pl. 194 (1781) excl. syn.; Baker in J.L.S. 11:372 (1871); & in Fl. Cap. 6:407 (1897); Vosa in Ann. Bot. (Roma) 34:113, fig. 22, t. 20/1–4 (1975) pro parte, non var. nov., nom. illeg. Type.: South Africa, Cape (LINN. 411.4, holo.)

NOTE. Burbidge (op cit., p. 77) discusses at length the taxonomic and nomenclatural difficulties in the treatment of T. violacea Harv. and T. simmleri Beauverd. He concludes that he has maintained specimens with ± entire corona lobes and ± plane perianth segments in T. violacea, and specimens with retuse corona lobes and concave perianth segments in T. simmleri. His treatment is in contradiction with the protologues of these names. T. violacea is described as having corona lobes that are obtuse, emarginate or bifid and perianth lobes with incurved margins (=concave?). The illustration agrees with the description, with the corona lobes clearly drawn with retuse apices. The description of T. simmleri describes the corona as urceolate, crenate-trilobed and emarginate, but no

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comment is made as to whether the perianth lobes are plane or concave. There is no type specimen of T. simmleri, just an illustration, and the locality is given as ‘Transvaal’. From the information provided by Beauverd, it is debatable whether T. simmleri should be sunk into T. violacea. In his account of Tulbaghia cytology, Vosa (1975) uses the illegitimate name T. cepacea (=T. simmleri, see Burbidge op cit), and cites T. violacea in synonymy. If indeed these two are synonymous, T. violacea would take priority being the older of the two legitimate epithets. Cultivated in Uganda, Mengo District: Kampala, Makerere University Hill, in botany gardens, 5 May 1971, Lye 6026! There is quite a large difference in the size of the vegetative parts of the two specimens, the Tanzania specimen being smaller. This is probably due to the fact that the Ugandan specimen was cultivated. AFFINITY UNCLEAR Burbidge has named two collections from Tanzania (Shabani 76 and Bullock 1901) as ‘Tulbaghia sp. nov.?’. On careful examination of these two specimens, we too have found it difficult to decide where they should be placed, but we are of the opinion that they represent two different taxa. The two specimens differ in leaf characters, Shabani 76 has up to 8 long linear leaves (almost equalling the scape), whereas Bullock 1901 is almost devoid of leaves, and a couple of plants show few, greatly reduced leaves. The scapes of Bullock 1901 are more robust than the slender, wiry scapes of Shabani 76. The flowers show differences as well. Bullock 1901 was determined as T. aff. rhodesica R.E. Fr., and yet the corona is very well developed up to 5 mm in length (longer than the corona of T. cameronii) which completely discounts any relation to the aforementioned species (see note under T. rhodesica R.E. Fr.). For the same reason, relation to either T. friesii or T. aequinoctialis (as suggested by Burbidge) can be ruled out. We would gladly place Bullock 1901 in the variable T. cameronii were it not for the few-flowered umbels that this specimen displays. The combination of umbel with few white flowers, and long orange coronas leads us to suggest that Bullock 1901 could be placed under T. leucantha. Burbidge explains that in the northern part of the range of T. leucantha, T. leucantha and T. cameronii overlap and that intermediates are found where the two are sympatric, probably representing hybrids (no collections are cited). It is therefore possible that our specimen is a hybrid. Previously, T. leucantha has been collected as far north as Zambia, and there is a specimen from Malawi determined as ‘possibly T. leucantha’, so it is not too unreasonable to assume that it may be present in the Ufipa district. Burbidge also determined Shabani 76 as Tulbaghia aequinoctialis, but T. aequinoctialisas is restricted to Angola (the most westerly distribution of any Tulbaghia?) and Shabani 76 is from Mpemvi in the Buha district (T 4). This makes it highly unlikely that our specimen fits there. In Shabani 76 the umbel is few-flowered (2– 4-flowered, and the corona is 2–2.5 mm long, not as marked as that in Bullock 1901 nor in T. cameronii, but far exceeding that of T. rhodesica). In view of its distribution, and the differences in vegetative and floral characters from sympatric species, it is likely that Shabani 76 represents a new taxon. However, the material is poor and the label notes inadequate to describe a new taxon; collection of further material is very desirable.

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2. NOTHOSCORDUM Kunth, Enum. Plant. 4:457 (1843) Bulbous herbs, resembling garlic but without its smell; bulbs producing many bulbils. Leaves linear, soft, flat. Flowers in umbels on long stems overtopping leaves; 2 small bracts below umbel, distinctly overlapping at base; flowers 10–25 per umbel. Perianth united only at base; lobes white to greenish white. Stamens shorter than tepals, filaments linear-lanceolate, adjoining in lower half. Ovary obovoid with many ovules. Fruit papery. Seeds shiny, angled. Twenty species in America; one species now a widespread weed. Nothoscordum inodorum (Aiton) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 3:447 (1885). Type: a cultivated plant grown at Kew from N American material (not preserved?) Perennial bulbous herb, 20–60 cm high, bulb 1–2.5 cm in diameter, with many bulbils. Leaves linear, glaucous, 10–50 cm long, 0.4–1.2 cm wide. Scape 20–70 cm long. Inflorescence a lax umbel with 12–15 fragrant flowers. Bracts triangular, acuminate, 1–3 cm long. Pedicels unequal, 1–7 cm long. Perianth 7–15 mm long, purple in bud, then white; lobes with pink or purple midrib, ±4 mm wide; stamens included; filaments 7–10 mm long, simple; ovary oblong, very shortly stalked. Capsule obovoid, triquetrous, 6–10 mm long. Fig. 2 (page 7). KENYA. Nairobi District: Muguga, 11 Feb. 1977, Bock 16077! & Nairobi River, Museum grounds, 17 Apr. 1948, Bally 6271! & Nairobi, Closeburn, 12 Sep. 1952, Bell 4142! TANZANIA. Lushoto District: Lushoto township, near Bera Shoes Company, 25 Oct. 1984, Kisena 196! & Oaklands, 17 Mar. 1970, Batty 997! DISTR. K 4; T 3; originally from warm temperate America but now naturalised in Malawi, Madagascar, South Africa, and SW Europe HAB. A weed spread from nurseries, in gardens, parks, along roads, and often near houses; 1600–2150 m SYN. Allium inodorum Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1:427 (1789) NOTE. This species was introduced from South America and has become weedy in East Africa due to the parent bulbs producing many loosly attached bulbils from around the base, which make it very difficult to control. It resembles Allium, but can be distinguished by the two bracts below the umbel which overlap at their bases, and lacks the pungent smell of these species.

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FIG. 2. NOTHOSCORDUM INODORUM—1, habit; 2, dissected flower showing gynoecium; 3, dissected flower with tepals and filaments; 4, leaf margin showing hairs. 1–4 from Bock 16077. Drawn by P.Davis.

INDEX TO ALLIACEAE Allium L., 1 Allium ampeloprasum L., 1 Allium cepa L., 1 Allium inodorum Aiton, 6 Allium neapolitanum Cirillo, 2 Allium porrum L., 1 Allium roseum L., 2 Allium sativum L., 2 Allium schoenoprasum L., 1 Nothoscordum Kunth., 6 Nothoscordum inodorum (Aiton) G.Nicholson, 6 Tulbaghia L., 2 Tulbaghia aequinoctialis R.E. Fr., 5, 6 Tulbaghia cameronii Baker, 2, 5, 6 Tulbaghia cepacea L.f., 5 Tulbaghia friesii R.E. Fr., 5 Tulbaghia leucantha Bullock, 6 Tulbaghia rhodesica R.E. Fr., 4, 5 Tulbaghia simmleri Beauverd, 5 Tulbaghia simmleri sensu auct, 5 Tulbaghia violacea Harv., 5

No new names validated in this part

Index to alliaceae

11

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Hydrostachyaceae (£3.00)

Caprifoliaceae (£1.50)

Hymenocardiaceae—with Euphorbiaceae

Caricaceae (£1.50)

Hypericaceae (£3.00)—see also Guttiferae

Caryophyllaceae (£3.00)

Hypoxidaceae

Casuarinaceae (£2.00)

Icacinaceae (£3.00)

Cecropiaceae—with Moraceae

Illecebraceae—as Caryophyllaceae

Celastraceae (£13.00)

Iridaceae (£15.00)

Index to alliaceae

12

Ceratophyllaceae (£1.50)

Irvingiaceae—as Ixonanthaceae

Chenopodiaceae (£3.00)

Ixonanthaceae (£3.00)

Chrysobalanaceae—as Rosaceae

Juncaceae (£3.00)

Clusiaceae—see Guttiferae

Juncaginaceae (£1.50)

Cochlospermaceae (£1.50)

Labiatae

Colchicaceae

Lamiaceae—see Labiatae

Combretaceae (£8.90)

Lauraceae (£4.00)

Commelinaceae

Lecythidaceae (£1.50)

Compositae

Leeaceae—with Vitaceae

Part 1 (£32.00) Part 2 (£35.00) Part 3

Leguminosae (£74.00) Part 1, Mimosoideae (£13.00) Part 2, Caesalpinioideae (£18.50)

Connaraceae (£3.00)

Part 3 Papilionoideae (£59.00)

Convolvulaceae (£13.00)

Part 4 Papilionoideae (£59.00)

Cornaceae (£1.50)

Lemnaceae (£3.00)

Costaceae—as Zingiberaceae Crassulaceae (£11.00)

Lentibulariaceae (£3.00)

Cruciferae (£11.00)

Limnocharitaceae—as Butomaceae

Cucurbitaceae (£13.00)

Linaceae (£3.00)

Cyanastraceae—in Tecophilaeaceae

Lobeliaceae (£8.30)

Cyclocheilaceae (£1.75)

Loganiaceae (£4.50)

Cymodoceaceae (£4.00)

Loranthaceae (£12.75)

Cyperaceae

Lythraceae (£11.20)

Cyphiaceae—as Lobeliaceae

Malpighiaceae (£3.00)

Dichapetalaceae (£3.70)

Malvaceae

Dilleniaceae (£1.50)

Marantaceae (£3.00)

Dioscoreaceae (£3.00)

Melastomataceae (£9.00)

Dipsacaceae (£3.00)

Meliaceae (£11.00)

Dipterocarpaceae (£3.90)

Melianthaceae (£1.50)

Dracaenaceae

Menispermaceae (£3.00)

Droseraceae (£1.50)

Menyanthaceae (£2.00)

Ebenaceae (£11.00)

Mimosaceae—in Leguminosae

Index to alliaceae

13

Elatinaceae (£1.50)

Molluginaceae—as Aizoaceae

Ericaceae

Monimiaceae (£1.50)

Eriocaulaceae (£6.50)

Montiniaceae (£1.50)

Eriospermaceae (£2.00)

Moraceae (£14.25)

Erythroxylaceae (£3.00)

Moringaceae (£2.75)

Escalloniaceae (£1.50)

Muntingiaceae—with Tiliaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Musaceae (£3.90)

Part 1 (£31.50)

Myricaceae (£3.00)

Part 2 (£22.00)

Myristicaceae (£2.70)

Fabaceae—see Leguminosae

Myrothamnaceae (£1.80)

Flacourtiaceae (£5.90)

Myrsinaceae (£4.30)

Flagellariaceae (£1.50)

Myrtaceae (£17.00)