Environmental Design + Construction May 2011

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May 2011

www.EDCmag.com

The Premier Source for Integrated High-Performance Building

See inside to ﬁnd out about the ALL-NEW

EDCmag.com!

Modern Envelopes

Preserve the Past Also Inside: EID Awards and Lighting CertainTeed is proud to have earned the 2011 ENERGY STAR Sustained Excellence Award, the highest level of recognition for outstanding contributions to protecting the environment through energy efficiency.

Visit us at booth #3153

environmental design + construction

THE

ALL-NEW EDCmag.com ROBUST

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INTUITIVE

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EDCmag.com Take a minute and check it out… EDCmag.com is TOTALLY REDESIGNED for a robust, efficient, and intuitive online experience. You’ll find more information. More resources. More ways to do your job better. You’ll love what’s new: Q

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environmental design + construction

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Easy registration for complete access Your registration means full access to your favorite ed+c editorial content, including: • LEED Guide • Excellence in Design Awards • CEU articles • Web Exclusive Editorial Register now at www.EDCmag.com/register.

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SOFTER LIGHT FOSTERS

SHARPER IDEAS CREATING ENVIRO NM ENTS W H ER E PEO PL E C AN S H I N E ™

It’s an undisputed fact - a well-designed daylighting strategy lifts performance in everything from student test scores to retail sales*. But harsh direct sunlight, when left unchecked creates glare on monitors, raises room temperatures and pushes human performance downward. Translucent skylights and curtainwall from Major soften light, moderate temperatures and keep buildings and occupants alike performing at peak levels.

S KYL IGHTS AN D TR AN SL U C E N T C U RTAI N WAL L

* Heschong Mahone Group, Inc. 1999 © Major Industries, 2011

888-759-2678 | www.majorskylights.com Reader Service No. 53 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

Reader Service No. 133 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

Reader Service No. 123 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

WELCOME TO THE RED CARPET COLLECTION WHERE BEAUTY MEETS SUSTAINABILITY AND THEY WORK TOGETHER – BEAUTIFULLY. P R O D U C T : R E D E SI GN ™ CO LO R : M E R I N O

To learn more call 1 800 336 0225 ext 6511 or visit us online at www.interfaceﬂor.com. Mission Zero and the Mission Zero mark are registered trademarks of Interface, Inc.

Reader Service No. 88 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

CONTENTS

MAY 2011 VOLUME 14 NUMBER 5

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42

In This Issue

High-Performance Building Envelopes

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2011 EID Awards

On the Record

On Trial

Find out which six projects were chosen as the winners of ED+C’s annual Excellence in Design Awards. See more with the video online.

Interactive design sessions are the hot topic in this fourth roundtable of netzero energy experts. Get even more insight in the digital edition.

Representatives of three different building material types were invited to plead their sustainable cases for you, the jury. Which will you choose?

Let the Building Breathe The NMAJH uses a terra cotta and glass system to create a warm, energy-efficient public space. By Ronald Boschan

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Lighting

Continuing Education

In Every Issue

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50

52

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EDITOR’S NOTE

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NEW + NOTABLE

More Codes, More Control

Hybrid Cars Meet Hybrid Buildings

Chemistry: A Major Driver of Building Performance

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CROSSWORD

Lighting controls play a key role in meeting building energy codes. By Michael Jouaneh, LEED AP BD+C

DC microgrid platforms are emerging for lighting and more. By Brian Patterson

Advances in chemistry make more sustainable building envelopes. By Roger C. Brady, AIA, LEED AP, with contributions from Mary MacLeod Jones and Stephanie Inglis on behalf of BASF Construction North America

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ADVERTISER INDEX

66

PARTING SHOT

IN THIS MONTH’S

Digital Edition 45A

BREATHE DEEP

51A

A PRESCRIPTION IN SAVINGS

Newsline For breaking news, visit www.EDCmag.com or sign up online to receive the eNewsletter delivered right to your inbox. For current industry news from your phone, snap the mobile tag here.

S N A P I T

Get the free app for your phone at http://gettag.mobi

by Joe Pasma, PE

by Michael Winegard

On the Cover: The Museum of American Jewish History employs a terra cotta and glass façade that plays a big role in preserving artifacts and creating an energy-efficient public space. Image © Halkin Photography.

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Portland International Airport Saves 177,000 Gallons of Water Every Day with Sloan High-Efficiency dual-flush Flushometers

Before Portland International Airport installed Sloan ECOS® sensor-activated dual-flush flushometers in its administrative offices and Sloan UPPERCUT® manual dual-flush flushometers in its terminal restrooms, the airport flushed away about 280,000 gallons of water a day. Sloan dual-flush systems in the terminal alone have reduced water usage by 177,000 gallons per day. That adds up to an annual savings of more than 60 million gallons. The dual-flush flushometers have been a key part of Portland International Airport’s sustainability program. The airport has been able to realize real water savings that positively impact the environment and the business’ bottom line. Portland has made great water-efficiency improvements, and so can you. Read the rest of Portland’s story at www.sloanvalve.com/portlandairport. For more information about Sloan dual-flush flushometers, go to www.sloanvalve.com.

Reader Service No. 37 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

The Water Efficiency Company

TOC

WEB

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THIS MONTH’S WEB EXCLUSIVE FEATURES INCLUDE: Air National Guard Protects with Curtain Wall

Challenging Curtain Wall Limits

Colorful Panels Envelop Humane Society

How Green Was My (Napa) Valley?

By Heather West

By Mary Pence

By Byron Smith

Provided by Siegel & Strain

Beyond blast hazard mitigation, the Readiness Center’s curtain wall system contributes to daylighting, energyefficiency and occupant comfort.

The Lindsey-Flanigan Courthouse in Denver is a testament to the beauty of innovation and the practicality of building green.

As the first LEED Gold animal shelter in the nation, HSSV proves that even our fourlegged friends can enjoy the benefits of sustainability.

The Yountville Town Center weaves new and existing buildings and outdoor rooms into a place designed to enrich community life.

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Free Webinar >>>>>>>>>> QSustainable Schools - Design, Construction and

Operations, May 26, 2011 This webinar, presented by Warren County Public Schools, includes Richardsville Elementary, the first net-zero energy school by architects Sherman Carter Barnhart.

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Register at the new EDCmag.com to read all of May’s Web exclusives. ed+c

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OUR CORE VALUE S MATCH YOURS .

A beautiful building. Strikingly modern. Impressively efficient. Values important to every architect. Values expressed through the use of Metl-Span Insulated Metal Panels. Metl-Span IMPs feature a urethane foam core with high R-values encapsulated by attractively finished, low-maintenance metal skins. The result is a versatile system that matches your desire for originality as well as your awareness of responsibility. To specify your own solution, call 877.585.9969 or visit metlspan.com/corevalues now. P I O N E E R I N G

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EDITOR’S

NOTE

Validate your free registration by May 16 to automatically be entered into a drawing for one of three $50 e-gift cards from Amazon.com!

An Honest Opinion Back in early February 2007, ED+C hired me as part-time assistant editor to handle its website, eNewsletters and other digital media. Until recently, nearly every single update or change to the site was done or overseen by me. (Everything, that is, except the website’s style or layout — those were the two things out of my control.) And it was my job to work with it and look at it nearly every day for about four years. Now, I didn’t speak much when I first started here. I needed some time to adjust to the magazine’s culture and to let my coworkers adjust to my direct, bluntly honest personality. The subsequent years have given me a chance to tone it down a little and to be more tactful, but I still have work to do. This is why, after a few revisions, I was asked to simply say I’m not sad to see the old EDCmag.com go bye-bye. At long last, that menu down the side is history. I used that menu every day, and it even took me a while to find what I was looking for. Content is no longer scattered about so badly that a blind squirrel stands a better chance of finding a nut than a reader stands of finding the right article. And finally, gone is the maze-like layout that only a Minotaur could love. Thankfully, the new EDCmag.com has finally been launched after weeks, and even months, of meetings, emails and poring over details that are too numerous to mention.

The New EDCmag.com

Get the free mobile app at

I could hear a choir the first time I used the site, but then I realized it was just someone playing their radio too loudly. The realization didn’t diminish the sense of wonder I felt from using the new site, though. Those of you focusing on a certain building type or looking for more information on a particular building system should note that the new site breaks them out for you. This

http:/ / gettag.mobi Follow this tag for more information about the new EDCmag.com!

was done to make finding relevant topics much simpler and quicker. Searches have also been vastly improved. No longer will you have to deal with weeding through multiple returns of the same article. Additionally, more content will be available on the homepage. While searches and categories are broken out better than they have in the past, why search if you don’t have to? A problem that has finally been corrected is the number of images we’re capable of displaying. As great as an article is, we know that pictures help to give you a better, um, picture of a project. We’re now able to bring you as many images as we can. If an article that ran in the magazine had nine images, but we could only use five in print, you’ll be able to find all nine in the online version. The new website also has a vastly improved infrastructure. This means it’s easier for us to provide you with multimedia content such as podcasts and videos. Do you use a mobile device on the job a lot or just like to be on the cutting edge of technology? EDCmag.com has been optimized to make the browsing experience for users of Smart Phones, iPads and other tablets or mobile devices that much better. Keep an eye out for the hints regarding the new site’s capabilities that we’ve scattered throughout this issue. To use all the fun new features you’ll need to register, but registration is quick, simple and, best of all, free. We at ED+C hope you’ll enjoy the new EDCmag.com as much as we do. You probably won’t hear a choir the first time you use it, but neither will you have to worry about some mythological Greek monster lurking behind your next click. Cheers,

2401 W. Big Beaver, Suite 700 | Troy, MI 48084 | 248.362.3700 | www.EDCmag.com Group Publisher Diana Brown [email protected] Phone: 248.244.6258 Fax: 248.244.3911

Associate Publisher Michelle Hucal, LEED AP [email protected] Phone: 248.244.1280 Fax: 248.786.1394

Editor Derrick Teal [email protected] Phone: 248.786.1645 Fax: 248.283.6560

Associate Editor Laura Zielinski [email protected] Phone: 248.786.1680 Fax: 248.502.9016

National Sales Manager Karrie Laughlin [email protected] Phone: 248.786.1657 Fax: 248.502.2065

List Rentals For postal information please contact Kevin Collopy at 800-223-2194 x684 or email him at [email protected]

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Tree(s): 132 Solid waste: 16,276 lb Water: 128,728 gal Air emissions: 42,300 lb

PRODUCTION + ART

ADVERTISING + SALES National Sales Manager Chris Campbell [email protected] Phone: 248.786.1693 Fax: 248.502.1097

Web Editor Stephanie Fujiwara [email protected]

ED+C’s use of Rolland Enviro100 Print instead of virgin fibers paper reduced its ecological footprint by:

Reprint Sales Jill DeVries [email protected] Phone: 248.244.1726 Fax: 248.244.3934

For email information please contact Shawn Kingston at 800-409-4443 x828 or email her at [email protected]

Subscription Information Phone: 847.763.9534 Fax: 847.763.9538 [email protected]

Production Manager Jeff Bagwell [email protected] Phone: 248.244.6481 Fax: 248.283.6589

Art Director Shannon Shortt [email protected]

www.twitter.com/EDCmagazine www.EDCmag.com/connect www.facebook.com/Greenmags

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ecoclean.com "MDPB"SDIJUFDUVSBM1SPEVDUTt*OEVTUSJBM#PVMFWBSEt&BTUNBO ("t5FMtFDPDMFBODPN ª"MDPB"SDIJUFDUVSBM1SPEVDUT&DP$MFBOJTBUSBEFNBSLPG"MDPB*OD):%305&$5JTBUSBEFNBSLPG505064" *OD Reader Service No. 107 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

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View the new product catergories at EDCmag.com.

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NEW + NOTABLE

To request more information on these products, visit www.EDCmag.com/webcard and enter the corresponding reader service numbers.

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Wood Protection

Sansin Classic, a penetrating, environmentally friendly wood finish, can help maintain a healthy, breathable building envelope for wood exteriors. The low-VOC formula provides all the characteristics of penetrating oils, yet utilizes moisture in the wood to diffuse deep into the wood tissue, even when the moisture content is as high as 25 percent. When used in construction and exposed to wind, rain and sun, wood needs a level of protection to remain durable, resilient and pleasing to the eye. Sansin Classic reportedly delivers that breathability and durability. www.sansin.com The Sansin Corporation | Reader Service No. 110

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High-Performance Coated Glass

SNX 62/27 reportedly offers natural light with an improved solar heat gain coefficient that raises the glazing light-to-solar gain ratio to 2.30, thanks to three microscopically thin silver layers in the coating. The product also features a color-neutral appearance so that buildings still reap the performance benefit without a dark or reflective look. Architects can tap into the company’s new building energy calculator, which provides a quick and consistent way to understand the tradeoffs between various glass products and estimate energy dollar costs rather than only comparing product technical data. www.sunguardglass.com Guardian Industries | Reader Service No. 111

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Rainscreen System

Knight Wall Systems Inc. announced the launch of CI-System, a new rainscreen system that accommodates continuous rigid insulation on the exterior of a building, designed to significantly increase the structure’s energy efficiency. CI-System reportedly offers superior moisture handling and thermal performance and reduced risk of condensation, and it is adaptable to any façade or cladding system. Knight says the new system enables a true continuously insulated exterior wall that will meet or exceed current and future energy codes. www.knightwallsystems.com Knight Wall Systems Inc. | Reader Service No. 112

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3D Modeled Doors

Tubelite’s 3D software modeling tools and computer numeric controlled programming reportedly save materials, reduce lead-times and increase quality. All of Tubelite’s custom doors and frames are manufactured using a high recycled-content aluminum billet composition. Products contain a minimum of 80 percent reclaimed aluminum, but requests for 100 percent reclaimed aluminum doors can be met. Painted finishes are applied using a 100 percent air capture system that destroys the VOCs with a regenerative thermal oxidizer. Thermal barriers and high-performance glass optimize the doors’ energy efficiency. www.tubeliteinc.com Tubelite Inc. | Reader Service No. 113

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Waterproofing Drainage Board

Stairwell Lighting Solution Lutron introduced its new Stairwell Retrofit Solution that automatically adjusts light output based on stairwell occupancy. The new Stairwell Retrofit Solution utilizes a lighting fixture with a Lutron digital dimming ballast preprogrammed to occupied and unoccupied light levels specific to a project’s code requirements. Through high-end trim and occupancy sensing, the stairwell retrofit solution provides the opportunity to save over 80 percent of lighting energy usage. The wireless communication between devices allows for easy installation with no additional wiring required. www.lutron.com Lutron | Reader Service No. 114

ShockWave is a 100 percent post-consumer recycled material waterproofing drainage board solution. ShockWave is reportedly made of environmentally friendly closed-cell, cross-linked foam. The board is designed to protect the wall and membrane during the backfill process with its crush-resistant memory, which allows it to bounce back when compressed. Shockwave effectively channels water away from the foundation, absorbing up to 101.11 gallons per hour per linear foot of groundwater to eliminate any possibility of hydrostatic pressure, the company states. www.mar-flex.com Mar-flex | Reader Service No. 115

Vapor Retarder MemBrainVapor Retarder breathes and allows excess moisture to escape from wall cavities. This smart vapor retarder is a polyamide film that changes permeability from less than 1 perm at low humidity to greater than 20 perms at high relative humidity, the company states. MemBrain is used in place of traditional polyethylene vapor retarders with unfaced fiberglass insulation to provide an insulation system that is designed for areas with seasonal changes in temperature and humidity. MemBrain reportedly allows closed building envelope systems to increase their drying potential. www.certainteed.com CertainTeed | Reader Service No. 116

Reader Service No. 10 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

www.EDCmag.com

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grass porous pavement

NEW + NOTABLE Design Manual Kingspan introduced a new design manual for Kingspan Benchmark architectural products that reportedly consolidates product literature and information in a single, easy-to-use resource. The 248-page manual is available in two formats — electronic and print — to assist design professionals in the selection, specification and installation of insulated wall panels and integrated window systems, column and beam covers, louvers and sunshades. The manual incorporates 3D isometric construction details, case studies and product specifications. www.kingspanpanels.us Kingspan Insulated Panels North America | Reader Service No. 117

Vapor-Permeable Air Barrier Air infiltration increases energy demands, and moisture droplets in the air can collect in the walls, leading to deterioration of structural members and poor indoor air quality. ExoAir 230 Fluid-Applied Vapor-Permeable Air Barrier Membrane is a monolithic, synthetic vapor-permeable air barrier membrane designed to seal exterior above-grade walls, while serving as a weather-resistive barrier to keep water out yet remaining permeable to the passage of water vapor to prevent moisture from being trapped within the wall. www.tremcosealants.com Tremco Commercial Sealants & Waterproofing | Reader Service No. 118

PVC-Free Bumper Boston Retail’s ecoRigid plus+ bumper is inspired by ecological enthusiasts that seek an environmentally proficient alternative to PVC, according to the company. ecoRigid plus+ is reportedly 100 percent PVC-free and has earned UL Environment EVC for containing 95 percent certified post-consumer recycled content. ecoRigid plus+ is designed for use in retail, commercial and industrial applications to protect capital equipment, including walls. www.bostonretail.com Boston Retail | Reader Service No. 119

Drainage Mat

invisiblestructures.com 800-233-1510 Reader Service No. 12 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

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Enkadrain W 3601 is an environmentally conscious thin drainage composite. It consists of a recycled white polypropylene drainage core and a strong but lightweight white Colback filter fabric thermally bonded to one side. The mat reportedly contains 40 percent post-industrial recycled content. Enkadrain W 3601 is designed for use with plaza decks, under pavers and for green roofs, among other applications. www.colbond-usa.com Colbond | Reader Service No. 120

DISCOVER THE FULL POTEN CLOSED-CE FOAM INSU INTRODUCING Spray foam insulation offers energy efﬁciency and design ﬂexibility — but ICYNENE MD-C-200™ medium-density 2.0-lb. closed-cell spray foam offers much more. That’s because our industry-leading building scientists understand more than insulation; they understand overall building envelope performance. From formulation to installation, the experts at Icynene help ensure seamless integration with HVAC and other building system elements. Not only does this optimize energy efﬁciency, but it also improves durability and moisture management. You might say they’ve perfected the formula for total building performance.

THAT’S NOT JUST BUILDING SCIENCE. THAT’S BUILDING GENIUS.

Nick Xie, Ph.D. Senior R&D Chemist Icynene Inc.

For more information, call

800-758-7325 icynene.com Reader Service No. 152 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

Icynene® is a registered trademark of Icynene Inc. MD-C-200™ is a trademark of Icynene Inc. ©2011 Icynene Inc. All rights reserved.

2011 EXCELLENCE IN DESIGN AWARDS

E

ach year, ED+C holds its Excellence in Design Awards to honor projects that demonstrate a clear commitment to green building and sustainable design. Whose projects? Yours. How do they get to us? You can submit them during our call for entries. Why submit a project? Besides getting recognition for a project, winners encourage others to follow suit in environmentally conscious building and raise the bar ever higher for those who already build green. Now completing its ninth year, Excellence in Design recognizes commercial, government, institutional, educational and residential projects meeting a variety of environmental building criteria. Perhaps you’re working on a project to be completed this year. The Excellence in Design program will start accepting entries for projects completed in 2011 at eid.EDCmag.com in the fall. Now, without further ado, congratulations to the 2011 ED+C Excellence in Design Award winners. These six green building projects completed in 2010 demonstrate outstanding sustainable design techniques. Winners of the competition, as well as finalists and honorable mentions, will be featured in upcoming issues of ED+C by category beginning in June 2011. Information was provided by applicants.

Snap here for a video with more about this year’s winners.

Get the free mobile app at

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http:/ / gettag.mobi

Commercial Winner: Eleven Times Square Submitted by: FXFOWLE (www.fxfowle.com) Date Completed: October 1, 2010 Size: 1,100,000 square feet Location: New York, N.Y. Certiﬁcations: LEED Gold; designed to earn ENERGY STAR Eleven Times Square is a sculptural, glass-clad ofﬁce tower occupying a full block on one of the world’s most celebrated urban thoroughfares — Manhattan’s 42nd Street. Designed to extend the vibrancy of Times Square, its dynamic form is an essay in contextual and solar response. A driver of the building’s form and expression was the goal to reduce solar gain. The Commercial category winner, Eleven Times Square, will be featured in further detail in the June 2011 edition of ED+C and online at www.EDCmag.com.

IMAGE COURTESY OF RED SQUARE

IMAGE COURTESY OF COE WILL, FXFOWLE

Educational Winner: Buchanan Energy and Environmental Research Center Submitted by: S.I.M. Architects (www.simarchitects.com) Date Completed: September 1, 2010 Size: 10,000 square feet Location: Clovis, Calif. Cost: $4,603,879 Certiﬁcations: LEED Certiﬁcation pending Clovis Uniﬁed School District created a vocational class to educate and train students for future careers in the green industry. By providing students with an educational pathway and a facility emphasizing these elements, the Buchanan Energy and Environmental Research Center project has become a valuable educational resource. The center gives students real-time interaction with the energy and sustainable elements of the facility, including wind turbines, radiant ﬂoor heating, photovoltaic panel arrays, and a vegetative green roof among other green design elements. The Educational category winner, Buchanan Energy and Environmental Research Center, will be featured in further detail in the August 2011 edition of ED+C and online at www.EDCmag.com.

IMAGES BY PAUL MULLINS, MULLINS STUDIO

www.EDCmag.com

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Residential Multifamily

IMAGES BY BERNSTEIN ASSOCIATES

Mutifamily Winner: General Colin Powell Apartments Submitted by: Blue Sea Development Company, LLC Date Completed: August 17, 2010 Size: 62,603 square feet Location: Bronx, N.Y. Cost: $15,300,000 Certiﬁcations: LEED-H Platinum; ENERGY STAR The General Colin Powell building is the ﬁrst LEED Platinum affordable multifamily ownership building in New York. The building offers apartments in a building that models 43 percent better energy efﬁciency than ASHRAE 90.1-2004. Developed on a former brownﬁeld site, the building façade steps in and out, providing a pleasing visual context for the neighborhood. The partnership with Habitat for Humanity NYC, where families and volunteers perform much of the air sealing, insulation and drywall, helped to provide such highly performing, healthy, luxurious new homes to ﬁrst-time buyers.

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Residential Single Family Single Family Winner: Santa Cruz Strawbale House Submitted by: Arkin Tilt Architects (www.arkintilt.com)

Date Completed: June 2010 Size: 2,170 square feet Location: Santa Cruz, Calif.

Avid surfers and professors of biology and environmental studies, the clients wanted to push the ecological envelope while providing a fun, comfortable house for their family of six, along with a second unit for rental or parents. The house combines mechanical technology with natural building techniques, passive solar strategies and locally sourced elements. An efﬁcient plan, solar section and a well-insulated envelope mean that little supplementary heat is needed. Strawbale walls wrap the north and west, while the wood-framed south wall brings daylight into the living spaces. The Residential category winners, General Colin Powell Apartments and Santa Cruz Strawbale House, will be featured in further detail in the July 2011 edition of ED+C and online at www.EDCmag.com.

IMAGE © WWW.EDWARDCALDWELLPHOTO.COM

Outperforms every other insulation system on the market.

InsulBloc® SPF Insulation The Science of Comfort ®

“We’re building experts and we choose InsulBloc high performance spray foam insulation. This evolutionary multi-functional insulation requires only one trade contractor on site — so it keeps our projects on schedule and proﬁtable — and saves our clients up to 40% on energy costs.

A 2.0 lb./cu ft density, closed-cell spray polyurethane foam that provides the very highest R-value.

Seals the irregular shapes of steel I beams, corrugated roof decks, and dissimilar construction material interfaces.

Forms a barrier that blocks air infiltration, noise pollution, dust, and pollen.

“InsulBloc® means comfort behind the walls, and science behind the comfort.” Jim Marsh, SVP/COO Columbia Construction Company North Reading, MA Building: Coastal Medical, East Providence, RI

The Science of Comfort

www.insulstar.com Photo: n|e|m|d architects, Cranston, RI Reader Service No. 13 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

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Government Winner: Bend Park & Recreation District Administration Building Submitted by: Opsis Architecture (www.opsisarch.com) Date Completed: October 2010 Size: 21,326 square feet Location: Bend, Ore. Cost: $5,500,000 Certiﬁcations: LEED Gold The new Administration Building for the Bend Parks and Recreation District will provide ofﬁce space for current staff and allow for the department’s anticipated growth over the next twenty years. The site is located within a 14-acre community park along the Deschutes River — a highly visible and central location in the Bend landscape. The design of the Administration Building sought not only to preserve but also restore. Existing trees and groundcover were maintained as much as possible, and restoration efforts were undertaken for the native habitat along the Deschutes River. The Government category winner, Bend Park & Recreation District Administration Building, will be featured in further detail in the October 2011 edition of ED+C and online at www.EDCmag.com.

Institutional

IMAGE BY ZANE WILLIAMS.

Winner: Madison Children’s Museum Submitted by: The Kubala Washatko Architects Inc. (www.tkwa.com) Date Completed: August, 2010 Size: 44,000 square feet Location: Madison, Wis. Cost: $5.4 million The new Madison Children’s Museum used creative problem solving to convert an ofﬁce building built in 1929 into a dynamic museum-based learning environment. The museum renovated the building, created an accessible green roof and installed new exhibits. The new facility greatly expands the museum’s capacity to serve larger audiences, older children and school groups in a strong interdisciplinary program that emphasizes the arts, sciences, history, culture, health and civic engagement. The Institutional category winner, Madison Children’s Museum, will be featured in further detail in the September 2011 edition of ED+C and online at www.EDCmag.com. Reader Service No. 14 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

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ON THE RECORD

Interactive Design Sessions NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS EXPERT ROUNDTABLE IV

ROUNDTABLE OVERVIEW Sustainable architect Bruce Haxton and ED+C’s Michelle Hucal organized the Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) Roundtable IV: Interactive Design Sessions to present the latest techniques and information regarding NZEB interactive design sessions, plus the rationale for making specific NZEB design decisions, with the understanding that each project is site, program and client specific. Below is a short set of excerpts from the teleconference, but a complete transcription is available at www.EDCmag.com. In addition, a set of NZE resources and “Lessons Learned” are also listed online. Two specific recent buildings are cited as examples in the roundtable discussion: 1) The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Re-

“Egos truly do need to be checked at the door. This is true in all aspects of our lives, of course, but it is profoundly important in this setting.” — Dana Villeneuve, AEC

search Support Facility (RSF) in Golden Colo. (presented by Haselden, Stantec, RNL, AEC and their consultants), and; 2) The Aldo Leopold Legacy Center in Baraboo, Wis. (presented by The Kubala Washatko Architects team including consultants). To these examples, a wealth of information is added from Perkins+Will Architects, EHDD team, The Rocky Mountain Institute and The Integral Group (Peter Rumsey). Software manufacturers Autodesk, Bentley Systems and

IES shared their expertise regarding software’s interface with the NZEB design process; and the NREL team shared their renewable energy research. Special thanks to Russ Drinker from Perkins+Will, San Francisco, who hosted this (and previous) NZEB expert teleconference for ED+C. To begin, Bruce Haxton asks the U.S. Department of Energy’s NREL participants to set the stage of their work in creating the environment to allow the RSF project to come to fruition. Ron Judkoff (NREL): Going back quite a few years, DOE and NREL were grappling with how to vastly improve the energy efficiency of the commercial building sector. To gain more insight, NREL got involved in several projects where we played an energy consulting role. As part of that role, we participated in a number of charrettes for projects where the owners

CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS: Co-Moderator: Bruce McLean Haxton, AIA, LEED AP, is a sustainable consulting architect with more than 30 years of experience. He authored more than 45 articles and research papers and has spoken at world conferences on sustainable facilities, laboratories and science parks. [email protected] Co-Moderator: Michelle Hucal, LEED AP, associate publisher, ED+C and Sustainable Facility.

John Andary, principal with Stantec in San Francisco. John’s team provided sustainable design consulting and MEP engineering on the NREL’s RSF, and Marin Country Day School projects. Jeff Baker, director of laboratory operations, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). James Scott Brew, FCSI, AIA, LEED BD+C, Certified Passivhaus Design Consultant, principal architect with Rocky Mountain Institute.

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Rick Cantwell, PE, president/ CEO of Odell International, LLC, a leading program and technology management firm.

Brad Jacobson, AIA, senior associate at EHDD Architecture in San Francisco (EHDD has eight NZE projects built or under construction).

Robert Clocker, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, senior associate at Perkins+Will and coordinator for the San Francisco office’s Sustainable Design Initiative.

Ron Judkoff, principal program manager for building energy research at NREL, involved in the design/construction of the RSF.

Russ Drinker, AIA LEED AP, managing principal of the San Francisco office for Perkins+Will. Noah Eckhouse, vice president of Bentley Systems Inc.’s Building Performance Group. Byron Haselden, president of Haselden Construction, a general contractor delivering sustainable projects throughout the intermountain West and design-build contractor for the NREL RSF. Tom Hootman, director of sustainability at the Denver, Colo., office of RNL, an international architecture, planning, interior design and landscape architecture firm (designed the NREL RSF).

John Kennedy, Autodesk CAD senior manager for sustainable analysis products. Tom Kubala, principal and co-founder of The Kubala Washatko Architects, Inc. (TKWA led the design team for the Aldo Leopold Legacy Center). Philip Macey, AIA, LEED AP, director of Energy and Sustainability and the design-build project manager for Haselden Construction. (Macey was formerly at RNL Architects providing project management on the RSF). Shanti Pless, commercial buildings research engineer at NREL.

Peter Rumsey, principal and practicing engineer at Integral Group. Susan Seastone, senior associate/project manager in the San Francisco Office of Perkins+Will. Michael Utzinger, associate professor of architecture at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee (and served as energy and environmental consultant for the Aldo Leopold Legacy Center). Dana Villeneuve, LEED project manager with Architectural Energy Corp. (sustainable design consultant for the NREL RSF). Craig Wheatley, chief technology officer of Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES) and a chartered engineer. More information on the above participants and their contact information is available online at www.EDCmag.com.

expressed interest in creating extremely energy efficient buildings. We discovered that, very often, design decisions were being made about energy efficiency with little or no quantitative data to support rational decision making. We decided to try and inject energy modeling into the charrette process. There was a good deal of skepticism at the beginning because participants thought that more detailed information about the building would be needed than is commonly available in the early charrette phases. We wanted to test the hypothesis that energy modeling would be useful in the very earliest stages of pre-design and conceptual design even if all that was known about the building was type, size and location. In our earliest attempts at this, we found a number of challenges. It showed us where we needed to improve the software capabilities, how to prepare quantitative energy information in advance of the charrette and how to most effectively weave the quantitative information into the flow of the charrette. It also showed us how important it was to have all the various areas of expertise fully engaged in the charrette. We’ve seen projects where everything was done right, but the person responsible for ordering carpets, partitions and desks ruined a good daylighting scheme with light absorbing surfaces. Out of that experience came six case study reports and the charrette manual (available for free download from the NREL publications database at www.nrel.gov). We, of course, applied all that hard-earned knowledge in the detailed specification document we wrote for the design/build request for proposal (RFP). That RFP was the start of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Research Support Facility project. Jeff Baker (NREL): From the purely management perspective, the early charrettes were critically important to helping us construct the arguments to promote and execute this project. They gave us what we needed to convince decision makers that we actually could deliver the project at cost, scope and schedule. John Andary (Stantec): The first (NREL) charrette was three full days with the entire design/build team. For most of our other clients that aren’t quite as savvy in low-energy, high-performance design we typically do an “eco-charrette.” The eco-charrette is normally a well-orchestrated process during which we do a lot of storyboarding and “no bad idea” sessions to get the participants excited about ideas for energy conservation and other sustainable goals. Then we do voting sessions to get people to buy into ideas. That’s our typical eco-charrette process. It’s really about motivating them to set aggressive goals and then develop strategies around those goals. We didn’t have to do the big eco-charrette that we typically do; instead, we went into the first three-day session with our pre-concept modeling in-hand and described with the team how we thought we could hit NREL’s goals (EUI goals, daylighting, natural ventilation and the zero energy building) based on the work that we had already done. Byron Haselden (Haselden): After we won the competition, we had to regroup internally, and perform an internal expectation meeting to define each person’s role on the team. Because there were so many people on both sides of the table, on the architectural, the engineering, the construction and the owner, and we had to have one-for-one “person matching” the owner’s expertise; specifically in energy modeling. This internal “Expectation Meeting” defined all of our roles and responsibilities, and we set it up to function like a roundtable where we had the leadership at the top coming down into a working session roundtable where folks would all collaborate with ideas and then break out for solutions. From that step of our internal meeting we took it to our client. Next, we performed a “Customer Satisfaction Meeting” with DOE and NREL. We had at least 60 people crammed into this little room with the objective to define the client’s expectations. What did their “end in mind” look like? Tom Hootman (RNL): The first step to a successful integrated design process for an NZE project is team alignment and owner commitment. This alignment includes a clear set of project objectives and requirements and trust between all parties. The RSF project had an innovative RFP and procurement method that expressed the NREL’s commitment Reader Service No. 15 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

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SOFTWARE DURING THE PROCESS John Kennedy (Autodesk): The goal is to support the expanded use of BIM solutions to enable more people to easily conduct traditionally compute intensive analysis more quickly and more often. This will help to evaluate building performance much earlier in the design process or to be able to quickly and easily asses a portfolio of existing buildings for improvement measurements so that we can radically accelerate the improvement in performance of our existing building stock and create far more new net-zero energy buildings. Noah Eckhouse (Bentley Systems): We have worked very hard to develop software tools that are relevant to all stages of the design process. These tools must have the flexibility to allow a design team to rapidly assess large, early-stage decisions such as location, orientation and massing — while providing the depth to conduct detailed, engineering-level calculations for certification and submittal later in the process. Craig Wheatley (IES): Being able to get rapid and quantified environment performance feedback on design options, actually within design charrettes or workshops, is probably one of the most productive abilities analysis software can offer. Understanding the impact of choices in real-time can drastically increase the level of collaboration possible in these circumstances. More information on the tools from Autodesk, Bentley Systems and IES is available at www.EDCmag.com.

to an NZE approach and a rigorous set of project objectives including a defined energy goal. This allowed the team to align all of our individual objectives around a single set of requirements. The project requirements also introduced a new set of risks, but they could be clearly defined and, therefore, managed. The RSF team began the integrated design process with a multi-day charrette with our

interdisciplinary team. One thing I have learned about successful charrettes is that they set the DNA for the project. You can’t solve everything in just a few days, but you need to make the basic decisions that solidify the design concept and address the key issues and objectives of the project. One of the other key characteristics of a successful charrette and early concept design is

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the upfront investment in modeling to inform design decisions. We employed many types of models included Stantec’s energy and thermal comfort models, AEC’s daylight modeling, Haselden’s cost modeling and of course the architectural model. We also built an NZE model, or balance sheet, that tracked our energy use against onsite renewable energy generation. This was key to understanding how to integrate the appropriate size of renewable energy system into the project and allowed us to understand how design decisions impacted the end result of net zero. Shanti Pless (NREL): We spent a lot of time doing optimizations and modeling upfront, to know how to set that energy use intensity goal of 25,000 BTUs per square foot, on a demand side. And so, we felt that if you could hit that energy-efficiency goal with everything well integrated upfront, it could be cost effective, and then we can talk about adding renewables to get you to a net-zero position.

Perspectives: The Interactive Design Session Process Brad Jacobson (EHDD): We like to start by defining the problem as broadly as possible at first and really try to understand what we are shoot-

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“IMAGINE THE END IN THE BEGINNING,” SAYS TOM KUBALA, TKWA. “WHAT IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A HUMAN ORGANIZATION, THE LAND ON WHICH IT FINDS ITSELF, A BUILDER AND AN ARCHITECT MIGHT COLLABORATE TO CREATE A LIVING WHOLE?” IMAGE COURTESY OF TKWA.

ing for before we start to think about strategies or technologies. In the big picture, then, we’re trying to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. So, we try to start not only by understanding where the energy is going in the building but where the carbon emissions are generated in the organization or community we are working with. On the Packard Foundation interview, we talked about how we were confident we could reach LEED Platinum and thought we had a good shot at zero energy — though no one had done it at that scale as of yet. But in order to achieve the scale of changes that we need to make, we really should be looking at organizational sustainability, including commuting, flights, food, plug loads. There was immediate enthusiasm for this concept, and we were selected. Moving to direct building energy, then, we really tried to shift the project team’s focus from the beginning towards real energy use. We’ve developed a framework that allows us to kickoff projects with a focus on real energy use

and then track that all the way to design and into operation on a continuum. Tom Kubala (TKWA): Our philosophy of architecture is based on the idea of wholeness, meaning that the building is never isolated from the land where it sits or the culture that animates it. We take wholeness rather seriously. INCREASED SAVINGS Integrated design also takes on new urgency. Squeezing every drop of savings out of everything from duct design to glazing specifications has heightened importance when one looks at the first-cost savings associated with reductions in onsite renewables. At the same time, a wider spectrum of improvements to the building envelope and systems looks attractive financially. Overall, the focus is on optimization of the building as an integrated system to minimize first cost, and this begins at the first design workshops. — EHDD Architectural Team (Scott Shell and Brad Jacobson)

In the case of the Aldo Leopold Legacy Center, we were fortunate to have a client group that felt the same way. Through the “Land Ethic,” an essay written by Aldo Leopold, the Leopold Foundation charged the design team with putting together a building that would not injure the land. And the land, according to Leopold, includes the soil, its associated energy, the participating plants and animals — in other words, the natural system into which the building is to be integrated.

Building Performance/Operations Mike Utzinger (TKWA Team): What we have done on a couple of different projects is a programming charrette with the team and client rather than a design charrette, as Brad Jacobson described for the EHDD projects. On the Aldo Leopold Foundation building, for example, the foundation board and the client met with the entire design team, the commissioning agent and Pliny Fisk from Maximum Potential Energy. www.EDCmag.com

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PERKINS+WILL ARCHITECTS TEAM (RUSS DRINKER, SUSAN SEASTONE AND ROBERT CLOCKER) SAYS: “WHILE WE BRING A CERTAIN DEGREE OF EXPERTISE TO THE TABLE, IT IS ULTIMATELY THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OUR DESIGN PROCESS WHICH LEVERAGES THE COLLECTIVE WISDOM OF THE TEAM… WE USE SPECIFICALLY CUSTOMIZED TOOLS, SUCH AS ENERGY MODELS, PERFORMANCE VISUALIZATIONS AND PROGRESSIVE BENCHMARKS AT EACH PHASE OF THE PROJECT… WE LOOK FORWARD TO THE DAY THAT NET ZERO IS THE RULE AND NOT THE EXCEPTION.” IMAGE COURTESY OF PERKINS+WILL.

We set a building energy utilization goal for the building. That goal, 17,000 kBTU per square foot per year, was based on our knowledge of the performance of buildings we had designed and the performance of buildings reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. With the Energy Utilization Intensity (EUI) goal, we determined the size of a solar photovoltaic required to meet projected energy demand with solar energy onsite. At that goal setting meeting, we had a discussion of the different ways that we would begin to look at trying to meet the energy utilization goal: natural ventilation, daylighting, 100 percent outdoor air ventilation and radiant floor heating and cooling. After the EUI goals were set, the design team began to work on a design that would achieve the goals. At the same time, we built a model of the building shell which we used in energy rate control, working with the architect to fine tune the glazing, the shading and the insulation strategies. We had a series of meetings along the way within this process that always included the clients and often the commissioning agent. One thing we did that was a little bit different was we actually hired an independent controls consultant to assist the MEP consultant and the simulation modeler to work out a very

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TIPS FROM THE NREL, RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY TEAM Tom Hootman (RNL): To summarize a successful integrated design process and design charrette, I would offer the following key components: Q Front-load the design and utilize models for early decision making. Align the team with trust and a strong set of project objectives. Q At the heart of successful integration is having the right people at the table and building a culture of innovation on the team. Philip Macey (Haselden): Q Achieving new outcomes like LEED Platinum and beyond is new but achievable, but only with good preparation by both ownership and the design and construction teams. Q I nclude time for not only charrettes, but maybe even more importantly, get to know each other at a partnering session, understand each other’s concerns and “must haves.” Q M ake the process of creating new answers engaging and, frankly, fun. It will be hard work, and you’ll all need to know each other going in to keep the spark of creativity going. Q M ake the goal statements achievable and measurable; avoid anything you can’t measure. The clarity of goals has more to do with success than practically any other work you’ll do as a team. Q

clear sequence of operations. The sequence of operations integrated occupant control of natural ventilation. We had the client involved in a very real way on feedback to be sure that they would be buying into how they were interacting overall with the system in terms of the operation of the building. I can’t overemphasize how important it is that the client is engaged, if nothing else, for the design team to understand exactly where and how the client can commit to their goals in the building and how those understandings may be integrated into the design of the building. I think what we tried to do after that initial goals meeting was to ensure that at different points along the way, the client was engaged in a real way regarding expectations and their role in building operation. When the mechanical system simulation model was integrated with the building shell model, we switched to temperature level control modeling and simulated our control strategies. We were able to engage the client in their role in building control. Susan Seastone (Perkins+Will): In the master planning phase of the project [Ohlone College Newark Center], we identified four alternative energy strategies we were interested in pursuing. During schematic design, life-cycle costing was completed and three systems were

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ON THE RECORD

TIPS FOR INTERACTIVE DESIGN SESSIONS TO REACH NZE GOALS Team Formation Q Plan the process carefully; possibly form a steering committee to plan the design process and the interactive meeting process. Q Create a cohesive project team that can work well together and share ideas and support each other. Q Build a cohesive team that is focused on great problem solving and great communication. Q Customize your process to the clients of that particular project. Q Review the existing information on conducting design charrettes. Q Define the entire team and expertise that is needed on your project. Pre-Charrette Activities Q Conduct some early research and engineering investigation to make sure that you can actually achieve the performance results you are trying to achieve. Q Possibly develop a “Pre-Charrette Energy Model” similar to that developed by Stantec for the RSF project. Q Project tours of similar buildings can create a “shared experience” that will help create a common bond between the team members. Q Benchmark both the organization and the building energy use. Q Develop a system of tracking energy. Q Conduct “pre-charrette” modeling work before the charrette. Q Research Energy Utilization Index (EUI) for the building you are about to design. Visit EDCmag.com for a summarized list of charrette activities and overview of the interactive design process. There is also a full list web resources listed online with the full roundtable transcript.

chosen to be incorporated into the project: geothermal (ground-coupled heat pumps), enthalpy wheels and rooftop photovoltaic panels. Wind dropped out of contention. These systems, once installed, would reduce energy costs over the building’s life, thus reducing this building’s impact on the college’s operations and maintenance budget — and constant challenge in the community college system. The design team was presented with at least a couple hurdles involving the alternative energy systems that are worth noting. For example, the geothermal system was challenged by the local water quality board early on in the process. Rob Clocker (Perkins+Will): Its all these things — net-zero benchmarking tools, energy modeling, other design analysis tools, and engaging graphic materials for integrated design charrettes and goals — which facilitate achieving net-zero buildings. As we saw with the Ohlone College project, we can get there in any number of ways, but it makes a big difference having a set of specific resources to

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JOHN ANDARY FACILITATED AN ECO-CHARRETTE WITH THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.

engage the client and facilitate the rigorous design thinking that is required to reach these performance goals. James Brew (RMI): One of the things we do that I think some of you alluded to is an exercise around theoretical minimums. This exercise is about going into workshops with a pretty good sense of what either the energy balance might be for a given building or project type, or at least knowing how you might work through a design problem to arrive at the theoretical minimum energy requirements during a workshop so that everybody’s on the same page. We believe that continuous engagement, iteration and collaboration can drive the results we are all striving to achieve. At RMI we’re often charged, as I think a lot of you are too, with being keepers of the sustainability goals. We understand that the practicing design professionals we work with, who are balancing and weighing the entire usual sundry of forces that create the built environment, can have a difficult time keeping energy at the top of their list. So as the keepers of those goals, we get to be, albeit continuously collaborative, we get to be forcefully collaborative and aggressively iterative, because that’s all we’re responsible for. Having someone identified as the “keeper” of these goals is helpful in assuring success in the decision making process. Peter Rumsey (Integral Group): We found that when we’re starting to think about sustainability and energy, [it is best] to organize the charrette around systems. So we talk about architecture, and everybody participates in that discussion, but the architect starts to talk about the building envelope and building

orientation. Then the architect will talk about building materials, and then the structural engineer can pipe in, the mechanical engineer can pipe in and the daylighting guys can pipe in; so you get feedback on structure. Then the lighting people and electrical engineers can start talking about their systems. Can we do this, can we do that? We know a lot of the things that lower energy use are not a secret. We’ll start with, in essence, a beginning of a design, and then we’ll go back and we’ll start modeling it. The idea is that in that preliminary charrette we can come up with some alternatives. So, we’re modeling in the schematic design phase with a schematic level energy model, a rapid energy model, a variety of different options, and then we come back to the second charrette. Sometimes while this is going on, we’re circulating the information, and we’re starting to understand what we can do to make the energy use as low as possible. What does that mean? How low is it going to be, and what does that translate into as far as size of photovoltaic systems (if they’re using photovoltaics) or biogas (if they’re using biogas)? There’s this rapid iteration on the model in the schematic phase, and ideally we’d like to do it right then and there when we’re talking about it. Want to read more? Visit www.EDCmag.com for the full Expert Roundtable IV on Interactive Design Sessions. And coming in July: Don’t miss the expert roundtable on NZE schools. © COPYRIGHTED NOVEMBER 2010 BRUCE HAXTON. THIS WORK MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF BRUCE HAXTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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//////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////// HIGH-PERFORMANCE BUILDING ENVELOPES

You Be the

Judge REPRESENTATIVES OF THREE DIFFERENT BUILDING MATERIAL TYPES PLEAD THEIR SUSTAINABLE CASES. WHICH WILL YOU CHOOSE?

W

elcome readers to ED+C’s first judgmental foray into examining the purportedly sustainable materials and processes available for your buildings’ designs. As opposed to the typical article in which a single author’s viewpoint is offered on a topic, we’ve invited select members of various industries to present testimony that their material or product or process is the most sustainable and put them side by side. Each representative was asked to state their case, and the resulting information was broken out in the following format: Opening Statement, Exhibits for evidence stating said case, and a Closing Argument. Statistical sources of various types, including studies funded by the representative’s own organization, were admissible. However, decorum is highly valued. As such, a representative was not allowed to directly compare the material he or she represented with another material. The jury’s decision

(your decision) as to which type of material can lay claim to the most sustainable will lie solely with how persuasive the representative and the statistics he or she presents can be without mud-slinging. This month, for your consideration, we will be entertaining testimony from representatives of concrete, metal and wood. Their cases will be presented in alphabetical order by material. Therefore, without further ado, let the hearing commence!

Need Additional Evidence? Have a question for one of the representatives before issuing your verdict? Then give your query voice at the new www.EDCmag.com! Simply register and direct your question to the appropriate party. Feel free to leave your verdict as well!

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Concrete Concrete testimony provided by David Shepherd, AIA, LEED AP

Opening Statement Building envelope performance requires additional scrutiny in a world where sustainability challenges us to reevaluate the way we design buildings. It is a physical barrier between the internal and external environment and the skin of our buildings, and much like human skin, it is required to perform multiple key functions. Here are some envelope performance requirements: Q Durability QInsulation QAir infiltration QMoisture resistance Q Fire protection QStructural QSevere weather protection QAcoustic attenuation QAesthetic value QMold and insect resistance

Exhibit B: Liquid Stone When activated with water, the cement binds sand and aggregates into concrete. Cement typically accounts for only 10 percent to 15 percent of a concrete mix. The majority of concrete is made up of water, and structural filler materials of sand and coarse aggregate — all of which have very low embodied energy.

Exhibit C: Transportation Concrete in its many forms is produced throughout the country at readymixed, precast and masonry plants. Depending on the product, shipping distances vary. Here in the U.S., the average distance between project and ready-mixed concrete plant is only 14.2 miles.

Exhibit D: Versatility Concrete products are used in a variety of applications for building envelopes. Concrete is a highly versatile product, enabling designers to specify the plastic properties, strength, color and texture, final shape and optimal performance. Concrete is not a good insulator, with an R–value similar to stone. But when integrated with insulation, it provides ben-

Exhibit A: Manufacturing Whether site cast, masonry or precast, insulated concrete wall assemblies rely on portland cement as the glue to bind aggregates into the desired shape and finish. Cement is made from some of the most common materials on earth; calcium-based minerals such as limestone, shale and clay, and smaller amounts of silica, iron and alumina. Reducing the need for virgin materials and waste headed to landfills, 45 percent of U.S. cement plants use industrial byproducts from other industries, such as steel mill scale and foundry sands as part of the raw mill feed. Ingredients are ground, precisely blended and heated in a kiln where they combine to form small nodules called “clinker.” This clinker is ground to a fine powder called portland cement. The process is energy intensive, but manufacturers have reduced the energy needed to make one ton of product by 37 percent since 1972. They continue to seek innovative processes and alternative fuels to reduce energy needs, carbon footprint and associated emissions.

FIGURE 1: KEY INDUSTRY’S ANNUAL OUTPUT OF GHG.

FIGURE 2: COMPONENTS OF TYPICAL PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE.

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FIGURE 3A, B, C: ICF MASONRY AND PRECAST/TILT-UP SYSTEMS PROVIDE CONTINUOUS PLANES OF INSULATION FOR HIGH WHOLE WALL R-VALUE.

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FIGURE 5: IT’S NOT LIMITED TO CALIFORNIA. SOME OF THE LARGEST WILDFIRES OCCURRED IN THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTH CENTRAL U.S., AND AS FAR NORTH AS MAINE.

Exhibit G: Durability and Functional Resilience

FIGURE 4: CAST STONE AND THIN BRICK APPLICATION ON INSULATED PRECAST WALL PANELS.

efits ideal for high-performing walls: high R-value, low air infiltration and thermal mass. Additional benefits of these composite assemblies are rigidity and strength for disaster resistance, very long life, superior acoustical separation, fire and moisture resistance, nor are they a food source for insects and mold. More information on the different assemblies and benefits can be found here: http://www.cement.org/homes/ ch_buildsys.asp.

Exhibit F: Cladding For long-lasting exterior finishes, cement-based materials are difficult to beat. Using concrete with white cement as a “blank canvas,” designers are able to incorporate integral color through tints and stains to provide consistent color on large-scale buildings typically clad in precast or tilt-up panels. Additional finishes include stucco, concrete masonry and cast stone, fiber cement siding and roofing tile. These do not require repainting, eliminating the ongoing maintenance and additional use of solvent-based coatings. Not only architecturally pleasing, these finishes are non-combustible, providing additional protection in areas of wildfires and higher-density urban environments.

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Functional resilience is a facility’s capacity to provide an acceptable level of service through long service life, adaptive reuse and the challenges of natural and manmade disasters. Building envelope performance is much more than keeping occupants comfortable. It is the first line of defense for protection of the structure, its occupants and the viability of the family or business housed within. Concrete is mineral based. As such, it does not rot, warp or burn, nor is it affected by insects. It is unaffected by moisture and UV rays, making it ideal for wall cladding and roof tile. Not only architecturally appealing, noncombustible concrete finishes provide protection in areas of wildfires. Severe weather, such as hurricanes and tornados, creates life-threatening conditions and can destroy communities. With superior strength, concrete wall assemblies have been identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as appropriate technology for safe room construction in what it calls “near absolute” protection. More information can be found here: http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/saferoom/fema320.shtm. Four-hour fire-rated wall systems are achievable with concrete assemblies, and the use of non-combustible cement based cladding such as stucco, concrete masonry and roof tiles are appropriate for added protection in areas of wildfires.

Exhibit H: Recyclability According to the Construction Materials Recycling Association, approximately 140 million tons of concrete is recycled annually.1 Not only is concrete readily recycled, it can often utilize industrial byproducts from other industries which improve performance.

Closing Argument Key to the increasing use of concrete products for building envelopes is their ability to combine multiple functions into one assembly, providing many of the characteristics necessary for creating safe, secure and sustainable highperforming buildings. DAVID SHEPHERD, AIA, LEED AP, IS DIRECTOR - SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION (PCA). IN THIS ROLE, HE OVERSEES THE ADVANCEMENT AND INTEGRATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES FOR THE CEMENT AND CONCRETE INDUSTRY TO SUPPORT EDUCATION, PROMOTION, ADVOCACY, STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH FOR THE BUILDINGS AND PAVING MARKETS. SHEPHERD IS A LICENSED ARCHITECT IN ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN.

ENDNOTE 1 Reference: www.concreterecycling.org.

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Metal Metal testimony provided by Scott Kriner, AIA, CSI, LEED AP

Opening Statement Many building owners are incorporating metal roofs and metal walls into existing buildings and new projects as a way to help reduce energy consumption and operating costs while achieving a multitude of design objectives. They also recognize metal’s environmental aspects. Metal panels have recycled content ranging from 25 to 95 percent, are fully recyclable and in many cases can be reused at the end of a building’s useful life. All of these attributes lower the demand for raw materials and reduce construction waste. The surfaces of metal roofs and walls are inert and do not create off-gassing or VOCs. In exterior applications, this helps to reduce smog and mitigate the heat island effect. Metal roofs are designed to last between 30 and 50 years depending on the substrates, coatings and the building’s location. Commercially produced metal roof systems are rigorously tested on an ongoing basis for structural performance, wind resistance, fire resistance and hail resistance. They are listed with various testing organizations and building codes, including UL, Dade County (Fla.), International Building Code and International Residential Code.

J. DOUGLAS ADAMS MIDDLE SCHOOL FEATURES METAL ROOFING TOPPED BY 82 KW OF SOLAR PV LAMINATES.

Metal roofing and metal walls have a very low life-cycle cost due to their durability. Surveys conducted by Ducker Worldwide have confirmed that metal roofs have significantly lower maintenance costs than some conventional roofs. As a result, an initially higher installed cost can actually provide a building owner with a low-cost product given its long service life.

Exhibit A: Retroﬁt A new metal roof also can be installed over existing roofs, which keeps old roof material out of the landfill. Metal’s light weight — from 1/3 to 1/8 the weight of conventional roofing — adds minimal weight load to an existing structure. Since metal can be used for both low-slope roofs (from ¼:12 to 2:12), and for roofs with a steep slope (2:12 or greater), retrofitting a flat roof with a sloped metal roof can help cool a building by creating a ventilation cavity called above sheathing ventilation (ASV). This works especially well in areas that experience both warm and cool temperatures since the heated air is dissipated through the ridge vent in hot weather, and in cold weather the air space acts as an insulation layer to minimize heat loss. Studies of ASV combined with cool metal roof surfaces conducted by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), a facility of the Department of Energy, show a 45 percent reduction in heat gain through the roof assembly.

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Exhibit B: Cool Rooﬁng Cool metal roofing also is a viable method for improving energy efficiency. The premise of cool roofing is to find the best combination of solar reflectance and thermal emittance that will keep the surface temperature low enough to be considered “cool.” When a paint finish is applied to metal through a continuous coil coating process, the surface characteristics are affected by the paint formulations. A wide range of solar reflectance values can be engineered into the paint system with infrared reflective ceramic pigmentation and different resin types. A painted metal roof will also have a relatively high thermal emittance value, which allows the surface to dissipate absorbed heat energy. Most pre-painted cool roofs of this type are highly reflective and highly emissive, which significantly reduces heat gain into the building in climates where cooling loads dominate. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s general rule of thumb states for every 0.01 increment in a roof’s solar reflectance, the surface temperature decreases by one degree Fahrenheit. Building owners also benefit from the extended performance of cool paint systems. Exterior paint finishes normally degrade over time due to effects of heat, UV rays and moisture. The specially formulated coatings in cool metal roofs help lower the roof’s temperature and reduce temperature fluctuation. This reduces the thermal expansion and contraction and, therefore, reduces wear and tear on the roof. Cool roofing has been the subject of many research studies involving ORNL that compared the weathering of low- and steep-sloped metal roofs in various colors over a three-year period with other types of common roof materials. From these findings, ORNL created a model that predicted energy savings of cool roofs compared to black roofs as the benchmark. That modeling has been converted to a user-friendly calculator available for general use at www.eren.doe.gov/buildings. The most important aspect of these ORNL studies is the evaluation of the degradation of metal roofing with other types of roofing. Results of testing metal roofing material show that over a three-year period a white PVDF painted metal roof can retain more than 95 percent of its initial solar reflectance because it sheds dirt more readily. In contrast, other competing materials show degradation of more than 40 percent primarily because they retain dirt, which darkens the surface. Metal’s value in the building envelope has also been recognized in many federal programs. The commercial building energy incentive for metal roofing in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was extended to 2013 via the American Recovery and Re-Investment Act of 2009. This allows a tax deduction of up to $1.80 per square foot if the building conserves energy relative to ASHRAE 90.1 standards. Since a cool roof can be considered to be an energy-efficient building envelope component, the use of cool roofing can help a building achieve the tax incentive. Many metal roofs are now ENERGY STAR compliant, which qualifies the product for some incentive programs and offers the value of having an energy-efficient roof atop the building.

Exhibit C: Walls The same paint systems used for cool roof systems are used for metal wall systems. Energy provisions in some codes and standards now also include cool wall systems. The ASHRAE Standard 189.1 High Performance Building Standard, for example, contains provisions that are easily met with cool metal wall products. Cool wall systems have also been tested by ORNL, and preliminary results show a range of reduction in cooling energy from about 10 percent to 20 percent. Walls can also help achieve higher building performance when insulated metal panels (IMPs) are used. An IMP is a strong, single unit constructed of a rigid insulating core of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam adhered between two sheets of metal. IMPs are installed outside the metal stud cavity or other structural

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support mechanism. This minimizes thermal bridging while efficiently incorporating a water, air and vapor barrier with a single-unit wall assembly that eliminates the need for other materials and construction trade coordination. IMPs can provide up to 95 percent thermal efficiency. This high level of field performance is verified by their compliance with ASTM C-1363-05 dealing with thermal performance and ASTM C 518 related to steady-state thermal transmission properties.

Wood Wood testimony provided by Dwight Yochim, RPF

Opening Statement For many building designers, the choice to use wood as a structural material comes down to cost. A wood building is cost-effective in terms of materials, design flexibility and speed of construction, and a wood building can be easily designed to meet code requirements for safety and performance. However, as green building has evolved beyond its initial emphasis on operational energy efficiency, greater attention has been given to the choice of structural materials and the degree to which they influence a building’s environmental impact. As a result, more people are recognizing that the use of wood from sustainably managed forests contributes to a green building and, in particular, its low carbon footprint.

Exhibit A: Renewable, Sustainable, Abundant

MORE THAN 45,000 SQUARE FEET OF INSULATED METAL PANELS ARE USED ON THE NORTHERN GUILFORD MIDDLE SCHOOL, GREENSBORO, N.C., ARGUABLY THE STATE’S MOST ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE SCHOOL.

Exhibit D: Beneﬁts in LEED

Although wood’s renewability offers a significant advantage, a question designers need to ask is: How can I be sure that the wood I specify comes from a sustainably managed resource? The answer is to choose wood from North American forests, the sustainability of which is demonstrated by the following: The United States and Canada have roughly the same amount of forested land now as they did 100 years ago.1 During the past 50 years, less than 2 percent of the standing tree inventory in the U.S. was harvested each year, while net tree growth was 3 percent.2 In Canada, where 93 percent of forests are publicly owned, forest companies operate under some of the most stringent sustainability regulations in the world. Less than one-half of 1 percent of the managed forest is harvested annually, and the law requires all harvested areas to be promptly regenerated.3 Prior to the 20th century, settlers coming to North America cleared an average of 2.1 acres of forest per person to survive and grow food.4 Since then, thanks largely to industrial farming, the amount of forest has been stable. In both the U.S. and Canada, the rate of deforestation (which is the permanent

Building projects that use metal roof and/or metal wall components and are seeking certification in the USGBC’s LEED program, can qualify for points in several categories, including but not limited to: Q Energy and Atmosphere Credits, Optimize Energy Performance Q Materials and Resources Credit 1.1, Building Reuse Q Materials and Resources Credit 2, Construction Waste Q Material and Resources Credit 4, Recycled Content Q Sustainable Site Credit 7.2, Heat Island Effect-Roof Q Water Efficiency Credits 1, 2, and 3

Exhibit E: Solar Metal roofs are exceptionally compatible with solar energy systems, particularly photovoltaics. PV panels can be mounted on a metal roof without penetrating the roof surface, which can save installation time and cost. Because metal is highly durable, a metal roof allows easy maintenance on the solar equipment and can outlast most solar energy systems by about 10-15 years.

Closing Argument Designers and building owners who want great design while using renewable resources wisely and improving energy efficiency, can find it in metal wall and roof systems that come in a variety of colors, and styles all with the same environmental benefits of metal. For more information about metal construction products, visit www.themetalinitiative.com. SCOTT KRINER, AIA, CSI, LEED AP, SERVES AS THE TECHNICAL DIRECTOR FOR THE METAL INITIATIVE (TMI) AND THE METAL CONSTRUCTION ASSOCIATION (MCA) IN GLENVIEW, ILL. HE HAS 30 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN THE METALS AND METAL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES AND IS PRESIDENT OF GREEN METAL CONSULTING, MACUNGIE, PA. KRINER CAN BE REACHED VIA EMAIL AT [email protected].

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PERKINS+WILL OF ATLANTA TOOK HOME THE INSTITUTIONAL WOOD DESIGN AWARD FOR THE WILLSON HOSPICE HOUSE IN ALBANY, GA. THE BUILDING EXEMPLIFIES WOOD’S BEAUTY AND COSTEFFECTIVENESS WHILE CREATING A WARM AND INVITING ATMOSPHERE. WILLSON HOSPICE IS ALSO THE FIRST AND ONLY HEALTHCARE FACILITY IN THE WORLD TO RECEIVE AUDUBON INTERNATIONAL’S SIGNATURE SILVER SANCTUARY DESIGNATION. ENGINEER: UZUN & CASE, ATLANTA, GA. PHOTO BY JIM ROOF CREATIVE PHOTOGRAPHY.

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Choose IMPs (Insulated Metal Panels) to achieve high R-values of 14 to 48, exceed energy code requirements, and help create a building that is energy efficient and may qualify for energy tax credits. IMPs offer long-term thermal stability, low maintenance and less installation time vs. multi-component assemblies. They are available in a wide variety of sizes and colors.

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For more information on IMPs, visit www.insulatedmetalpanels.org

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removal of forest in a given area) has been virtually zero for many decades. The U.S. reported an annual increase in forest area of 0.12 percent in the 1990s and 0.05 percent from 2000 to 2005, while Canada reported no change.5 Sustainable forest certification offers additional assurance by allowing companies to have their practices independently assessed against standards that go beyond regulatory requirements and take into account elements of sustainability such as biodiversity, soil and water resources, and wildlife habitat. It is worth noting that wood is the only building material with third-party certification systems in place to demonstrate that the products being sold have come from a sustainably managed resource — and North America has more certified forests than anywhere else in the world.6

Exhibit B: Wood and Life-Cycle Assessment Today, there is a growing trend toward using life-cycle assessment (LCA) as an objective way to evaluate materials, assemblies and even whole structures over the course of their entire lives from resource extraction through manufacturing, distribution, use and end-of-life disposal or recycling. This marks a shift away from a “prescriptive” approach — which assumes that certain prescribed practices, such as the use of products with recycled content, are automatically better for the environment — toward the scientific evaluation of actual environmental performance. When viewed over its life cycle, an inherent advantage of wood is that it grows naturally, using energy from the sun, and requires very little fossil fuel-based energy to manufacture into products. As a result, wood buildings produce less greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and water pollution, and require less energy across their life cycle.7

Internationally, the United Nations Environmental Programme has been promoting LCA for a decade,8 but its use is also becoming increasingly widespread in North America. The state of California recently included LCA as a voluntary measure in its 2010 draft Green Building Standards Code. It’s also part of the new American National Standard based on the Green Globes green building rating system and is included as a pilot credit in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) system.

Exhibit C: Contributing to a Building’s Low Carbon Footprint The use of wood as a structural material is also an excellent way to reduce a building’s carbon footprint. The fact that wood is made using solar energy means that substituting wood for materials that require large amounts of fossil fuels to manufacture results in “avoided” greenhouse gas emissions. However, the carbon stored in wood products also has a significant positive impact. Trees absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, use the carbon (C) to produce sugars for growth and release the oxygen (O2). Importantly, wood products continue to store much of this carbon. In the case of a wood building, the carbon is kept out of the atmosphere for its lifetime — even longer if the wood is reclaimed and used elsewhere. The amount of carbon accumulated in U.S. wood products is about 60 million metric tons a year — most of which is in the nation’s housing stock.9 Assuming that a greater number of homes and non-residential wood buildings are built each year than deconstructed, the amount of stored carbon can be expected to grow significantly.

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Enhanced Comfort THE COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON ADMISSIONS OFFICE AT CRAIG HALL, DESIGNED BY WATSON TATE SAVORY LIOLLIO ARCHITECTURE OF CHARLESTON, S.C. THE COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON CAMPUS, WHICH DATES BACK TO 1770, EXUDES HISTORY, BUT IT WAS IMPORTANT FOR THE ADMISSIONS OFFICE AT CRAIG HALL TO REFLECT THE MODERNITY OF THE INSTITUTION AND REMAIN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY. THE USE OF WOOD HELPED MEET THIS CHALLENGE AND PROVIDED THE EASE OF CONSTRUCTION SOUGHT BY THE DESIGN TEAM. ENGINEER: 4SES INC., CHARLESTON, S.C. PHOTO BY JAY WHITE.

Better internal acoustics with a cleaner, more comfortable indoor climate Reward offers unprecedented service and support for builders, designers, and owners alike, by being able to assist in any stage of the ICF design and construction process.

Also noteworthy is the fact that most of the energy used to manufacture wood into products is bioenergy. Derived from organic materials such as bark and sawdust, bioenergy is a clean and renewable substitute for fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. In 2008, more than 73 percent of the energy used to manufacture U.S. wood products was renewable energy,10 while in Canada, waste-based biomass constitutes nearly 60 percent of the energy used by the forest industry.11

Exhibit D: The Importance of Adaptability The fact that wood buildings are easily adapted or dismantled and reused adds to their environmental benefits. Although there are examples of wood buildings that remain structurally sound after hundreds of years, North American buildings often have a service life of less than 50 years because of changing needs or increasing land values as opposed to performance issues.12 When one considers the embodied energy in these structures and the implications of material disposal, it is easy to understand why one of the tenets of sustainable design is that buildings should last 100 years or more. However, while some people interpret this as a call for more durable materials, the foremost requirement is in fact the use of building systems that can adapt to changing needs, either through renovation or deconstruction and reuse.

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CHERRY HUFFMAN ARCHITECTS OF RALEIGH RECEIVED THE GREEN BUILDING AWARD FOR ITS WORK ON THE WHITE DEER PARK NATURE CENTER IN GARNER, N.C. THE NATURE CENTER’S MISSION IS TO INSTILL CITIZENS WITH AN APPRECIATION OF THE NATURAL WORLD WHILE TEACHING THEM ABOUT ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES THEY CAN REPLICATE AT HOME. WOOD CREATED A COST EFFECTIVE AND AESTHETICALLY PLEASING STRUCTURE THAT HELPS REINFORCE THIS SUSTAINABILITY MESSAGE. ENGINEER: STEWART ENGINEERING, RALEIGH, N.C. PHOTO BY JAMES WEST.

Closing Argument

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While wood continues to dominate single-family construction, the push for more sustainable commercial buildings, combined with advances in wood products and engineering, is accelerating increased wood use in all building types. There is also a trend toward taller wood buildings that store more carbon and offer other environmental benefits. In British Columbia, for example, the building code was changed in 2009 to allow six-story residential wood buildings (up from the previous four), and the author of a pending study13 has said that it will confirm the feasibility of a 20-story wood building in Vancouver. Right now, the tallest modern wood building is eight stories of wood over one story of concrete — but there is every reason to believe that the future for wood is upward. DWIGHT YOCHIM, RPF, IS THE NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF WOODWORKS, AN INITIATIVE OF THE WOOD PRODUCTS COUNCIL ESTABLISHED TO PROVIDE FREE EDUCATION AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO DESIGN AND BUILDING PROFESSIONALS USING WOOD IN NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.

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United Nations Environment Programme, http://www.unep.fr/scp/publications/details. asp?id=DTI/0585/PA 9 Carbon Storage in Wood and Wood Products, Dovetail Partners Inc., referenced in Tackle Climate Change – Use Wood, 2009, www.bcclimatechange. org 10 American Forest & Paper Association, 2010 11 Forest Products Association of Canada, 2011,

http://www.fpac.ca 12 Survey on Actual Service Lives for North American Buildings, 2004, FPInnovations, http://www.cwc. ca/NR/rdonlyres/67D42613-BF5D-4573-BD43C430B0B72C08/0/ Service_Life_E.pdf 13 Materials Matter, Architectural Record, March 2011, McGraw-Hill Construction Continuing Learning Center, http://continuingeducation.construction. com/article.php?L=221&C=754&P=1

What’s The Real Cost Of Your New Roof? The answer begins and ends with the membrane.

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State of the World’s Forest Report, 1997 through 2009 The State of America’s Forests, M. Alvarez, 2007, Society of American Foresters Forest Products Association of Canada, http:// www.fpac.ca/index.php/en/our-committments/ American Forests: A History of Resiliency and Recovery, Douglas W. McCleary, 1997, Forest History Society, Issues Papers Series The State of America’s Forests, M. Alvarez, 2007, Society of American Foresters; State of the World’s Forests Report, 2007 As of January 2009, there were more than 470 million acres certified to one of the four main certifications programs in use in North America; based on 2008 year-end data from www.pefc.org, www.fscus.org, www.fsccanada.org, www.fsc.org, www.certificationcanada.org, www.mtc.com.my A Synthesis of Research on Wood Products & Greenhouse Gas Impacts, 2nd Edition, Technical Report No. TR-19R, Roger Sathre, Jennifer O’Connor, 2010 http://www.forintek.ca/public/pdf/Public_Infor mation/technical_rpt/TR19%20Complete%20Pubweb.pdf

The true cost of a roof is measured over its total life, and the DuroLast® Cool Zone® membrane‘s proven performance helps minimize life-cycle costs. Every Cool Zone roof: • Is white through-and-through, with exceptional reflectivity and emissivity characteristics that help reduce energy bills and preserve the effectiveness of other building components. • Has a high-density weft-insertion knitted scrim to provide strength and durability that can perform in all climates for up to 20 years or more. • Is prefabricated to fit each roof precisely, meaning less installation waste, less on-site seaming, less chance for leaks down the road, and less lifetime maintenance costs. • Is non-curing — new flashings and accessories can be installed easily throughout the life of the roof. • Is backed by the industry’s best warranty, provided at no cost and offering long-term peace of mind to Cool Zone customers. Cycle your roof costs down with the Duro-Last Cool Zone roofing system.

To learn more, call us or download our free brochure.

800-248-0280

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“Duro-Last”, “Cool Zone”, and the “World’s Best Roof” are registered marks owned by Duro-Last Roong, Inc. ENERGY STAR® is only valid in the United States.

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Letting the Building

BREATHE PHOTOS ©HALKIN PHOTOGRAPHY LLC

THE MOST RECENT ADDITION TO THE ICONIC BUILDINGS IN INDEPENDENCE MALL USES A TERRA COTTA AND GLASS SYSTEM TO CREATE A WARM, ENERGY-EFFICIENT PUBLIC SPACE. By Ronald Boschan

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he most recent addition to the iconic buildings that compose Independence Mall in Philadelphia is one dedicated to telling the story of the American Jewish experience. The National Museum of American Jewish History (NMAJH) designed by Ennead Architects (formerly James Stewart Polshek Architects) opened in November 2010 with a lavish gala event hosted by Jerry Seinfeld and Bette Midler.

Situated adjacent to Independence Mall, the museum overlooks such buildings and attractions as Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell and the National Constitution Center. Built at a cost of $150 million by Philadelphia construction management firm Intech Construction, the five-story 100,000-square-foot space includes 25,000 square feet of exhibit space, an 85-foot-tall atrium and a 200-seat theater. The terra cotta and glass building is topped out with a beacon of light which is meant

to symbolize themes of faith and patriotism. Terra cotta is a natural masonry product that is warm, extremely durable and fade resistant. While aesthetics play a large role, the building envelope provides additional benefits ideal for the preservation of artifacts and for creating an energy-efficient public space. Ennead Architects selected a terra cotta back-ventilated and pressureequalized rainscreen system for both of these aesthetic and performance reasons. This

////////////////////////////////////////////////// system, developed in Europe in the last half of the twentieth century, is emerging as the system of choice for meeting the highperformance building and energy codes required under the International Building Code and ASHRAE 90.1 building performance requirements.

Simple, Yet Sophisticated The striking exterior of the museum reflects a trend in cultural centers to incorporate warm, natural materials with high-performance façades. The sole aesthetic elements of the NMAJH are accomplished with glass curtain wall and terra cotta rainscreen by Shildan Inc. While limiting the number of materials used creates an air of simplicity, the sophistication of the technology is anything but. An intricately designed “box” clad with 15,000 square feet of terra cotta appears suspended within the glass curtain wall. This geometric figure is softened with rounded edges and corners. Curved baguettes are interwoven with a scalloped design that runs the length of the surface, a pattern custom-developed by Shildan. The exterior design penetrates the transparency of the glass curtain wall, bringing the outside in. Terra cotta baguettes serve as sunscreens, shading the windows from the glare of the Market and Fifth Street elevations. The modern aesthetics harmonize with the surrounding brick of old city Philadelphia. The terra cotta’s natural burnt red hues blend with the historic structures of the mall while the glass curtain wall signifies transparency and openness between the museum and visitors to the mall. Guests standing between the terra cotta and the glass curtain wall are offered a panoramic view of some of the most important buildings of American history.

Downfalls to Traditional Construction To understand the benefits of a rainscreen system, it helps to explain traditional U.S. construction. Standard construction has used either a masonry back-up wall or steel studs faced with exterior sheathing. A metal support system is attached to that substructure and the exterior material — be it metal panel, stone or otherwise — is then clad to the support system. To prevent air and water from entering the building, the exterior material is caulked with sealant, a practice that has several drawbacks: Q It relies on perfect installation, which is rarely achieved. Q It deteriorates over time due to material

movement and UV degradation. Q In order to accommodate building movement, the sealant often contains materials that attract dirt which then leaches over the panels. Q High winds and HVAC can create a

pressure differential between the building exterior and the interior wall. This negative pressure can suck water into the wall cavity when it’s raining or humid. Sealed buildings cannot equalize this pressure, so moisture becomes trapped in the wall cavity which then creates www.EDCmag.com

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NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORY Location: Philadelphia Size: 100,000 square feet Cost: $150 million Architect: Ennead Architects Construction Manager: Intech Construction

a short-lived wall and the possibility of mold and mildew in the wall cavity.

Beneﬁts of a Back-Ventilated Rainscreen The back-ventilated rainscreen façade is composed of an inner and outer leaf. The inner

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leaf serves as the structural wall. The outboard layers include: an exterior air/vapor barrier, exterior installation, an air space and then the aluminum support system which holds the terra cotta façade, the outer leaf. The joints are left open so that air can come in under the system, through the panel joints and exit there as well. Because the air barrier is continuous and connected to the windows and dissimilar materials, the air cavity in the wall becomes both pressure-equalized and back-ventilated. Among the benefits, instead of eliminating the entrance of water by perfectly sealing the joints, the rainscreen system creates equal pressure inside the wall cavity and outside of it. When air pressure is equal, water will not seep in, even in 100 mph winds. The back-ventilated component eliminates any moisture that gets into the wall cavity. In-

cidental water entering from the outside tracks down the back of the exterior panel and drains to the outside. Condensation will form on the insulation outside the air/vapor barrier. Air movement through the cavity lifts the moisture from the insulation, carrying it to the outside and eliminating mold or mildew. The open-joint system also reduces the size of the required HVAC equipment by eliminating air infiltration and exfiltration through the wall. This reduces energy costs and helps maintain the relative humidity inside the building, which is essential for museums and libraries since proper relative humidity is critical to preserving collections. Open joints reduce the amount of air conditioning used as heat escapes through the open joints rather than radiating into the building.

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'BTU'MBTI"JS8BUFSQSPPG#BSSJFS4ZTUFNT Many museums have taken advantage of the back-ventilated rainscreen system because of its numerous benefits — energy efficiency, humidity control, long-term durability, the elimination of most maintenance — combined with the attractive, classic appearance of terra cotta. LEED points can be earned from recycling the terra cotta and aluminum material. In Shildan’s case, the aluminum support system is also manufactured with 62 percent recycled aluminum sourced within 300 miles of the museum. By using an innovative system and eliminating off-gassing from sealants, additional benefits to the environment were achieved. The result is a state-of-the-art museum that is as functional as it is visually appealing. RONALD BOSCHAN IS VICE PRESIDENT OF SALES AND MARKETING FOR SHILDAN INC., A LEADING SUPPLIER OF TERRA COTTA FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE, SUSTAINABLE BUILDING FAÇADES AND SUNSCREEN PRODUCTS. HEADQUARTERED IN MT. LAUREL, N.J., WITH OFFICES CLOSE TO NEW YORK CITY, PHILADELPHIA, LOS ANGELES AND RALEIGH, N.C., SHILDAN SERVES AS THE EXCLUSIVE NORTH AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVE OF MOEDING, A LEADING WORLDWIDE TERRA COTTA MANUFACTURER. FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS FROM SHILDAN, VISIT WWW.SHILDAN.COM.

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HIGH-PERFORMANCE /////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////// BUILDING ENVELOPES

IMAGE COURTESY OF BNIM ARCHITECTS.

Breathe Deep

MANAGING FRESH AIR AND MOISTURE IN STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANEL (SIP) BUILDINGS. By Joe Pasma, PE

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s building materials and methods become better at sealing air leaks, the question arises, “How tight is too tight?” In terms of energy efficiency, one cannot build too tightly. Reducing air leakage is critical to lowering heating and cooling energy consumption. Every cubic foot of conditioned air that escapes the building envelope represents lost therms or watts — and dollars — that the HVAC system consumes. But of course, fresh air is needed for occupant health and comfort. Managing airflow becomes a carefully controlled balance. Think of a hot-air balloon sailing thousands of feet above the ground: Keeping the heated air inside is paramount to avoid crashing to earth, yet well-placed, operable vents allow the balloonist to safely descend when desired. In buildings constructed with structural insulated panels (SIPs) or other high-performance

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wall and roof systems, mechanical ventilation is typically necessary since the number of unaided air changes per hour is so low. And similar to other construction methods, moisture management is needed for long-term durability.

The Ins and Outs of Air Air leakage rates in today’s buildings are often dramatically lower than older construction. For example, SIPs structures are approximately 15 times more airtight than stick framing, according to U.S. Department of Energy blower door tests. The tests found that for spaces built with SIPs, the leakage rate was 8 cubic feet/minute at 50 pascals compared to 121 cubic feet/minute at 50 pascals for wood framing with fiberglass batt insulation. The low leakage rates, along with more continuous insulation and less thermal bridging, mean that SIPs can help reduce energy consumption costs up to 60 percent over other building methods.

With such airtight structures, mechanical ventilation can help provide adequate fresh air, as well as remove indoor air pollutants such as formaldehyde, radon and tobacco smoke. Ventilation systems can also get rid of excess humidity from cooking, bathing and other sources, including breathing and sweating of the occupants. In essence, the goal with building for energy efficiency is to tighten the building envelope as much as possible and then use mechanical systems to control air inflow and outflow. Accomplishing this requires a systems approach to the overall building design and construction. Unfortunately, there are no easy rules of thumb and consultation with a qualified heating and ventilation engineer is necessary. The specific type and size of mechanical ventilation system required for a given building depends on the climate zone, type of occu-

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IMAGES COURTESY OF PREMIER SIPS BY INSULFOAM.

pancy and a range of other factors. Potential systems include: • Heat recovery ventilators (HRVs): Also known as air-to-air heat exchangers, these units pull air from high-humidity spaces such as bathrooms and kitchens. The warm, moist air passes through a core where it preheats incoming cool, fresh air from outdoors. HRVs are most commonly used in northern climates where cold, relatively dry outside air prevails. • Energy recovery ventilators (ERVs): ERVs perform the same heat exchange function as HRVs along with dehumidifying the air. They are typically used in southern climates where removal of high humidity from outdoor air is required. The specific target for indoor relative humidity varies by region, but generally the range is 30 percent to 50 percent. • Exhaust-only systems: The relatively simple units used in these systems move air from the inside out and come in a variety of configurations for single rooms to whole-buildings. They typically rely on air infiltration through the building envelope to replace the vented air and may cause negative indoor air pressure in a tightly sealed structure. Because of this, they are not used with SIP construction. Other potential air management systems include ventilating windows and air cleaners, among others. The former can help exhaust stale air and bring in fresh air, while the latter can typically remove particle pollutants such as smoke, but not gaseous pollutants such as radon. Neither type of system conditions the air for heat or humidity. Beyond mechanical ventilation systems, it is also common for tight structures to use sealed combustion furnaces and water heaters. These heating appliances draw air directly from out-

doors for use in the combustion chamber, which helps manage the overall internal pressure balance of the structure and the total amount of fresh air required in the building (i.e., the appliance does not contribute to the need to bring more outdoor air into living spaces).

Water, Water Go Away As with other construction methods, the exterior building envelope in SIPs structures must be protected from water accumulation. Both the International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC) typically require buildings to have flashing, a water-resistant barrier and a means of draining to the exterior any water that enters the wall assembly. Consistent with codes, SIPs used as exterior walls typically include a water-resistive barrier. Potential options include No. 15 asphalt felt, synthetic weather barriers/building wraps or liquid-applied membranes. It is important to check with the SIP manufacturer and to consult local codes for specific requirements. For roofs, synthetic, breathable roofing underlayments provide an alternative to traditional No. 15 and No. 30 felts. Such underlayments typically have perm ratings much greater than one, which allows water vapor to pass up and out through the membrane, yet keep bulk water away from the roof assembly. This can be especially beneficial when the OSB skins of SIP roof panels have been exposed to precipitation during construction. While methods to protect SIPs from water are similar to those used with other building envelope assemblies, a specific consideration with SIP installation is proper sealing between panels. All panel joints must be sealed against air and vapor transmission by using a mastic specified by the SIP manufacturer. A vapor

retarder may also be required, with the specific details varying for commercial and residential buildings. In many commercial projects, the mechanical ventilation system usually obviates the need for SIP tape or other vapor retarders. However, for buildings with pools, spas or other highhumidity conditions, SIP tape may be required. SIP tape has perm ratings less than one and works in conjunction with the OSB skin of the SIP panels to provide a vapor retarder. Typically, 6" wide SIP tape is used at all wall and roof panel joints and wall panel corners, and 12" wide SIP tape is used where roof and wall panels join. In cases where roof panels meet over supporting beams — such as at a ridge beam — 18" wide SIP tape is required. For residential SIP installations, SIP tape is usually required in all instances. In certain climates and based on local building codes, an additional vapor retarder may be necessary. Such barriers include polyethylene sheeting or similar performance materials.

All Together Now Optimum building performance requires that architects, engineers and contractors take a systematic approach to the whole building. Increasingly, the walls, roof, HVAC, windows and other elements must work together to maximize energy efficiency and comfort. In projects using structural insulated panels, attention to mechanical ventilation, and moisture and vapor management can help ensure a quality building that performs for many decades. JOE PASMA, PE, IS THE TECHNICAL MANAGER FOR PREMIER SIPS BY INSULFOAM. A LICENSED STRUCTURAL ENGINEER, PASMA HAS WORKED WITH SIPS FOR ALMOST TWO DECADES. CALL 800-275-7086 OR VISIT WWW.PREMIERSIPS.COM/BC FOR MORE INFORMATION. www.EDCmag.com

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More

Control LIGHTING CONTROLS PLAY A KEY ROLE IN MEETING BUILDING ENERGY CODES.

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uildings consume the bulk of the world’s energy (nearly 40 percent), so the building industry has been focusing on sustainability, efficiency and practical energy-saving solutions for both new construction and retrofits. As the building industry moves (albeit slowly) toward net-zero energy — the goal of the Architecture 2030 program — the industry is recognizing that lighting controls play a crucial role in energy conservation. According to the U.S. Dept. of Energy, lighting is, by far, the largest user of electricity in commercial buildings. It consumes 38 percent of a building’s total electricity use — more than space heating, cooling, ventilation, equipment and computers combined.1 Lighting controls can drastically reduce that appetite. They can eliminate 60 percent or more of the wasted lighting energy in buildings while enhancing occupant comfort and productivity. They provide flexible control over the lighting in a space and support energy savings by reducing the amount of power or amount of time the lighting system is in use.

Energy Codes and Standards The nation’s top three building

By Michael Jouaneh, LEED AP BD+C

energy codes and standards — California’s Title 24, the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and ASHRAE 90.1 — are used by nearly every state as the basis for their local building energy code. They provide the minimum acceptable energy performance requirements for new construction or major renovations of commercial buildings. These codes/standards reflect the importance of using lighting controls to conserve energy. In fact, they all have similar mandatory lighting control requirements that designers and engineers must meet for their new construction or major renovation projects.

Focus on ASHRAE 90.1 2010 Sometimes referred to as America’s primary commercial energy code, ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2010 was recently published in late 2010. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) partners with the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) to produce the 90.1 Standard, which provides the minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of buildings, excluding low-rise residential buildings. The following are some of the www.EDCmag.com

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mandatory lighting control requirements contained in the new ASHRAE 90.1 2010 standard: QArea control: Each area enclosed by ceiling-height partitions must have an accessible, independent switching or control device (such as an occupancy sensor, manual switch or dimmer) to control the general lighting. Each control device shall be readily accessible and located so the occupants can see the controlled lighting and can only override the automatic lighting shutoff requirement by a maximum of two hours. Occupancy sensor or timer switches that turn off lighting within 30 minutes of vacancy are required in the following spaces: 1. Classrooms and lecture halls 2. Conference, meeting and training rooms 3. Employee lunch and break rooms 4. Storage and supply rooms between 50 square feet and 1,000 square feet 5. Rooms used for document copying and printing 6. Office spaces up to 250 square feet 7. Restrooms 8. Dressing, locker and fitting rooms QAutomatic shutoff: All indoor lighting systems must include a separate automatic shutoff control such as an occupancy sensor or

time switch. An astronomical time clock that provides a building lighting off sweep afterhours is a common way to comply with this requirement. QDaylight control: An automatic reduction in lighting power in areas where the daylight can help illuminate the space will be required in most areas that are side lighted (with windows) or top lighted (with skylights). Areas greater than 250 square feet for sidelighted areas or greater than 900 square feet for top-lighted areas shall have a multilevel photocontrol (including continuous dimming devices) for the general lighting. QExterior lighting control: Permanently installed outdoor lighting must be controlled by a photocontrol or astronomical time switch that automatically turns off the lighting during daylight hours. In addition, the new standard also requires that façade and landscape lighting be turned off between midnight and 6 a.m. or in conjunction with business opening and closing times. Other outdoor lighting, such as advertising signage, must operate at 70 percent power (or lower) between midnight and 6 a.m. or in conjunction with business closing and opening times, or when no activity has been detected for 15 minutes. QManual-on control: All automatic control devices shall not be set to automatically turn on the lighting. This effectively requires manualon/automatic-off controls or up to 50 percent auto-on capability for automatic controls. These controls already exist and are referred to as “vacancy sensors” or “multilevel” occupancy sensors. Auto-on is allowed in some spaces, including public corridors and stairwells, restrooms, primary building entrance areas and lobbies, and areas where manualon operation would endanger safety or security. QMultilevel lighting control: Most areas must provide at least one light level between 30 percent and 70 percent of full lighting power in addition to “off.” This can be done by continuous or stepped dimming, or stepped/dual switching of luminaires or lamps while maintaining a reasonably uniform level of illuminance throughout the area. QStairwell controls: Lighting in enclosed stairwells shall have one or more control devices to automatically reduce lighting poww er by at least 50 percent within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving. The preceding examples represent a portion of the new ASHRAE 90.1 regulations related to lighting control. Other items include automatic receptacle shutoff (to control task lighting and other plug loads), parking garage lighting control (lighting power is automatically reduced when daylight is present and/or during periods of vacancy), and functional testing requirements (to ensure that the lighting controls operate as intended). Last, there are now extra lighting power credits for using additional lighting controls in a space above and beyond the mandatory controls for that space. The additional lighting power credit can be used anywhere in the building — not just in the space with the additional controls. All in all, lighting controls are vital components for helping us meet the increasingly stringent energy code requirements; requirements which help our nation meet its energy conservation goals in an energy-starved world. 1

U.S. Dept. of Energy, Energy Information Administration, 2003 Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), released in April 2009. http://www.eia. doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/cbecs2003/lighting/lighting1.html MICHAEL JOUANEH, LEED AP BD+C, IS A MARKETING MANAGER WITH LUTRON. HIS PRIMARY FOCUS IS ON ENERGY CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY. HE IS ACTIVE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATION’S TOP ENERGY AND GREEN BUILDING CODES/STANDARDS AND IS THE AUTHOR OF SEVERAL PUBLISHED ARTICLES, WHITEPAPERS AND CASE STUDIES ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE GREEN BUILDINGS.

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Hybrid Cars Meet Hybrid Buildings DC MICROGRID PLATFORMS ARE EMERGING FOR LIGHTING AND MORE. By Brian Patterson

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he U.S. consumes almost a third of the electricity generated worldwide. Lighting in commercial buildings consumes a significant amount of this power. It’s no wonder there’s a continued emphasis on improving lighting’s energy efficiency without sacrificing the critical role it serves in our buildings. During the past decade, the lighting industry has developed a number of ways to improve lighting efficacy. The use of more efficient luminaires, higher efficiency lamping, better ballasts and drivers, and more extensive use of controls, modeling and daylighting have all combined to make lighting a key focus area for reduced power consumption. New building energy codes and regulations have reflected these improved capabilities in more stringent requirements. And utilities, eager to moderate the growing need for additional clean energy production, have provided incentives to reduce lighting power use. Beyond regulatory requirements and utility efforts, commonsense economics has also spurred building owners to invest in lighting upgrades. The quest for more efficient lighting systems has spurred ongoing innovations in technology and techniques. Most solutions deepen the trend for lighting and controls to become more and more electronic. As a result, an increasing portion of

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*HIGHER ENERGY USE IN OFFICE BUILDINGS, UP TO 40%

FIGURE 1 DEMONSTRATES POTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS WITH DC POWER.

the electricity used in lighting and related devices requires conversion to direct current (DC) from the building-available form of alternating current (AC). In many cases, this can result in power conversion losses between 5 and 20 percent, depending on the device being powered. On the power generation side, more and more site-based native DC renewable sources of power are being deployed onsite, which results in additional losses from converting the power generated to AC for general power distribution in the building. Future use of onsite power storage to accommodate demand response, peak shaving and off-

setting of renewable energy production suggests yet another conversion of DC to AC, or AC to DC, then back again before the power is consumed. This situation already exists in mission critical applications in data and telecom centers, which are backed by battery storage in uninterruptible power supplies. Power conversion losses can approach 30 percent in these applications. It should be noted that when cooling is required, every watt of power loss in electrical conversion consumes an additional 1.4 watts of energy needed for cooling. As an example, using the newest trend in lighting technology, LEDs, a transition toward

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FIGURE 2 SHOWS THE INTERCONNECTION STANDARDS EMERGE ALLIANCE HARMONIZES.

low-voltage DC as the power feed from the more traditional 277-volt AC feed can result in up to 15 percent improved power efficiency at the fixture level. Depending on how and where that DC power is produced, a net efficiency gain of a similar amount can be realized while simplifying driver electronics and improving reliability. In response to this new landscape for improved power use efficiency, a growing number of organizations are looking to revamp the traditional power generation and delivery systems in buildings. Two critical aspects of the current electrical infrastructure are involved in solutions that improve energy efficiency via a minimization of conversion losses. First, if AC power can be converted upstream of the individual devices, the means and size of these converters can be more efficient and cost effective. Second, if power generated or stored as DC power can avoid the need to be converted to AC for building distribution or is otherwise used in its native DC form, significant additional conversion losses can be avoided. The simple axiom is to convert AC to DC once, instead of multiple times, and to use DC as DC without conversion for onsite renewable energy generation. Figure 1 shows the range of potential power savings that could result from such an approach. Besides power savings, there are additional benefits from

IN FIGURE 3, BUILDING INTERIOR PLUG-AND-PLAY PLATFORMS NOW HAVE ONE STANDARD.

this hybrid approach to building power distribution. First, fewer conversions should result in higher reliability of power-consuming devices. Second, low-voltage devices can be made “touch safe” in plug-and-play platforms at the user level in the occupied space. This includes highly reconfigurable ceiling and task level lighting and other devices such as personal and device area network IT devices. A coincidental trend is the increasing use of wireless controls. The combination of plug-and-play power and wireless control is a powerful tool providing ultimate flexibility to accommodate “churn” in buildings. Last but not least is the increased sustainability potential of equipment reuse and ease of technology upgrades. While “hybridizing” the power infrastructure in buildings may seem a daunting task, there are other beneficial applications in building applications besides lighting alone. DC power-based IT equipment, the use of electronic variable speed drives in HVAC equipment, and the use of electric vehicle chargers are all further examples that make the need for a transition to hybrid or all DC-powered buildings increasingly compelling. The key to this transition is the creation of a harmonized set of new, open electrical interconnection standards. A nonprofit, standards coalition called the EMerge Alliance was formed two years ago with just such a vision (Figure 2). Started by a small set of governing members, the alliance has grown to more than 70 member organizations. Its members include owners, architects,

A BUILDING-WIDE STANDARD FOR DIRECT CONNECTION OF NATIVE DC POWER SOURCES WILL BE AVAILABLE SOON.

designers, engineers, construction, technology and building products leaders, integrators, government, national labs and academic organizations associated with commercial buildings. It is member funded and has a variety of membership levels. To date, the EMerge Alliance has issued one standard covering the plug-and-play platform designed for building interiors (Figure 3) and is nearing completion on a higher voltage data/telecom standard. Alliance members have deployed more than fifteen beta sites across the country focused on DC microgrid applications in these spaces. Following close behind will be a standard for buildingwide DC power distribution with provisions for direct connection of native DC power sources such as solar photovoltaics, wind, fuel cells and power storage technologies. EMerge is collaborating with other standards organizations working in related fields to harmonize these new infrastructure standards globally. It is also partnering with the Society of Automotive Engineers and Electric Vehicle Charging Association on DC fast-charge standards for electric vehicles parked at commercial and public buildings. The ultimate goal is to provide a set of pragmatic standards for DC microgrid infrastructure in buildings that will complement those being established at the macrobuilding level for community smart grid efforts. BRIAN PATTERSON IS CHAIRMAN OF THE EMERGE ALLIANCE AND GENERAL MANAGER OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AT ARMSTRONG WORLD INDUSTRIES’ BUILDING PRODUCTS DIVISION. ARMSTRONG IS A FOUNDING MEMBER OF THE EMERGE ALLIANCE. www.EDCmag.com

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A Prescription in

Savings

STIMULUS FUNDS ARE STILL AVAILABLE FOR HEALTHCARE ENERGY UPGRADES AND LIGHTING RETROFITS. By Michael Winegard

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.S. hospitals spend more than $5 billion annually on energy, often equaling 1 to 3 percent of a typical hospital’s operating budget — or an estimated 15 percent of profits.1 In a recent survey conducted by Healthcare Financial Management magazine, more than 90 percent of hospitals surveyed reported higher energy costs over the previous year and more than half cited double-digit increases. With these startling statistics it’s no wonder that hospitals are searching for ways to lessen their energy costs and become environmental stewards. Improving the lighting, which accounts for approximately 18 percent of a hospital’s energy

IMAGE COURTESY OF BETALED.

costs, is one initiative that may be implemented with a relatively short return on investment and a high return on costs savings. Hospitals clearly recognize that energy conservation is a priority and also realize the benefits — both to their bottom line and the environment.

Lighting Retroﬁts and Stimulus Funding In a Seattle Times article late last summer, a government audit determined that stimulus money destined for energy efficiency programs run by state and municipal governments isn’t being spent. According to the Energy Department’s Inspector General’s report, grant recipients have

////////////////////////////////////////////////// spent just 8.4 percent of the $3.2 billion earmarked for energy efficiency.2 Additionally, Ken Simonson, chief economist at Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) in Washington, D.C., “AGC of America has identified 61 separate funding programs covered by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).” 3 The ARRA also provides helpful tax provisions for energy efficiency. For example, the federal tax deduction for energy-efficient commercial buildings has been extended to 2013, which provides up to $1.80 per square foot of building floor area for buildings that achieve a 50 percent reduction in energy use based on the 2001 version of ASHRAE 90.1.4 What does this mean for you and your prospective projects? The opportunity to guide clients toward lighting retrofit projects’ funding sources. Below, is an overview to help you get started.

Government Buildings An article earlier this year on govpro.com, “Finding funding to pay for facility energy upgrades,” revealed that governments are updating their facilities’ energy infrastructures to reduce carbon footprints and save energy. A recent survey by Milwaukeebased Johnson Controls and Houston-based International Facility Management Association found that investment in energy efficiency tools is expected to increase despite the slowdown in the economy. The survey, which included respondents from the public sector, noted that lighting system retrofits were some of the most popular efficiency measures.5 As you may know, lighting is the largest single use of energy in commercial buildings, accounting for more than 30 percent of total energy use. By effectively addressing lightingrelated energy use, government administrators can reduce lighting costs for public sector buildings by as much as 70 percent.6 The ARRA alone allocated billions of dollars to energy-efficient retrofits for government buildings. More specifically, $4.5 billion was allocated to federal buildings, $4.23 billion for improvements to Department of Defense and Veterans Administration facilities, and $1.45 billion for military hospitals, to highlight just a fraction of what’s available. 7

Private Companies and Stimulus Funding Grants What might be surprising to learn is that private companies may apply for and receive stimulus funding for lighting retrofit projects. Specifically, through a competitive request for proposal (RFP) process — administered by states’ Cabinet for Economic Development — companies complete and submit a detailed proposal. If selected for funding, the cabinet will provide 50 percent of the funds needed to implement the lighting upgrades and each company will provide the additional funding required to complete its project. For example, last spring, more than $787,000 in ARRA funding was awarded to four Kentucky companies. The money was used to replace old, inefficient lighting with advanced energy-efficient fixtures in existing Kentucky commercial facilities.

Additional Resources The white paper, “Measurement and Verification: Tapping into ARRA Stimuls Funds,” by Mass.based Onset, provides building owners with information on using federal stimulus funds for their energy-efficient programs and retrofits. The following websites provide additional information on stimulus funds. • www.doe.gov/recovery • www.recovery.gov • http://www.onsetcomp.com/ARRA More information may be found at the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy website: www.eere.energy.gov or by contacting Claire Johnson, Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy, (202) 586-9424, [email protected] or your state’s Office of Energy Development.

RETROFIT PROJECT USING STIMULUS FUNDS Bay Pines Veterans Hospital Bay Pines, Fla. Since 1933, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System has been improving the health of the men and women who have proudly served our nation. The facility speciﬁcally treats veterans living in a tencounty catchment area in west central Florida. Recently, through a grant from the IMAGE COURTESY OF BAY American Recovery and Reinvestment PINES VA HEALTHCARE Act earmarked for energy projects, the SYSTEM. hospital retroﬁtted 245 high-pressure sodium exterior parking lights with LED luminaires. Tony Mora, Bay Pines’ energy manager, initially was only interested in induction lighting and hadn’t considered LED technology. However, due to the existing pole heights, induction lighting could not meet the required light output and, in fact, would have been a lighting reduction. Additionally, the lack of optical control in conventional lighting is very wasteful. Because of advances in technology, LEDs not only have the required intensity for outdoor applications such as roadways and parking lots, but also superior optical control compared to conventional sources of light. Through the selection process, Mora and his team examined numerous exterior LED luminaires and selected LEDway by Wis.-based BetaLED because of the product technology and ﬁxture quality, and because they’re American made. So now that they’re installed, what is the consensus? “The parking lot and especially the roadway illumination is amazing — with a lot less glare and very bright, even white light,” said Mora. “We’ve had quite a few patients and staff compliment us on the new lighting and the difference from the old HPS ﬁxtures.” According to Mora, Bay Pines is anticipating a 50 percent reduction in both wattage and energy savings, and virtually eliminating maintenance costs on these ﬁxtures. LED Luminaires Installed Q 143 Bronze LEDway Streetlights with 100 LED, Type III medium optics, 347/480V, UL Listed 6000K Q 70 Bronze LEDway Streetlights with 100 LED, Type II medium optics, 347/480V, UL Listed 6000K Q 13 Bronze LEDway Streetlights with 100 LED, Type II medium optics with backlight control, 347/480V, UL Listed 6000K Q 11 Bronze LEDway Streetlights with 100 LED, Type IV medium optics, 347/480V, UL Listed 6000K Q 8 Silver LEDway Streetlights with 100 LED, Type III medium optics, 347/480V, UL Listed 6000K Q 2 Bronze THE EDGE Round Area Lights with 80 LED, Type V medium optics, 347/480V

Endnotes 1 http://www.energy.gov/news2009/7363.htm 2 http://epoverviews.com/articles/visitor.php?keyword=Office%20of%20Energy%20Efficiency 3 Piell, Amanda “How Federal Stimulus Package Can Help Your Building,” Buildings magazine, August, 2009. 4 ibid 5 http://govpro.com/buildings_facilities/content/energy-upgrade-funds-20101013/ 6 ibid 7 ibid

MICHAEL WINEGARD IS EAST COAST REGIONAL SALES MANAGER FOR BETALED AND MAY BE REACHED AT [email protected], 401-954-5769. BETALED, A BRAND OF BETA LIGHTING, WAS ESTABLISHED TO DEDICATE RESOURCES TO THE EMERGING USE OF LED TECHNOLOGY FOR GENERAL ILLUMINATION. BETA LIGHTING, A WIS.-BASED RUUD LIGHTING COMPANY, PROVIDES THE LIGHTING INDUSTRY WITH HIGH-QUALITY, SPECIFICATIONGRADE LUMINAIRES FOR EXTERIOR LIGHTING APPLICATIONS. FOR ADDITIONAL EXTERIOR LED LUMINAIRE INFORMATION, VISIT WWW.BETALED.COM. www.EDCmag.com

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Chemistry: A Major Driver of Building Performance

Sponsored by

Advances in chemistry make more sustainable building envelopes. By Roger C. Brady, AIA, LEED AP with contributions from Mary MacLeod Jones and Stephanie Inglis, on behalf of BASF Construction North America

T

ǯ ǦǦǦǤ ǡǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡǡ ǦǦ ǦǤ ǯ ͳͲʹͲǤ The following article will address the sustainability benefits of building envelope elements that have been advanced by chemistry.

The Challenge ǡ ǡ ǤǤ ʹͲͳ͹ ȋ Ȍǡ ǤʹͲ Ȅͳǡʹ͹ͲǤ ǯǣͳǡʹ͹Ͳͳǡʹ͹ͲǡͲͲͲǡͲͲͲʹǡͷͶͲǡͲͲͲǡͲͲͲǡͲͲͲ ȄǯʹǤͷͶǤ ǡǯͷȋͳ͸ ǨȌǤǯǨ ǤǤȀǡ͹ʹ ǤǤʹͲͲ͸ǡ

͹ͷʹͲʹͷǤͳ͵ Ǥ ǡǦ ͳ͸ͲǦ ǡʹ͸Ǧ ǤǤ ǡǡǡǦ ǯ ͶͲǡǲ ǡǳ Ǥǡ

//////////////////////////////////////////////// EARN ONE AIA/CES LEARNING UNIT Learning Objectives At the end of this article, the participant will be able to: 1. Evaluate at least three negative impacts of buildings on the environment; 2. Identify the six elements of the building envelope discussed in this article; 3. Specify at least one sustainability benefit for each of the six elements that advances in chemistry have made possible; and 4. Explain how at least one of the sustainability advances discussed in the article has helped create a higher-performing building envelope. The following article and quiz is available online at http://www.edcmag.com/CDA/Articles/CEU.

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ED+C is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. To earn 1.0 AIA-HSW-SD learning unit, attendees must read this article in its entirety and take the 10-question quiz at the end of the article or online at http://www.edcmag.com/CDA/Articles/CEU and pass with a score of 80 percent or better. ED+C is also a USGBC Education Provider; this course is approved by USGBC for 1 GBCI CE Hour toward LEED Professional credentialing maintenance. LEED Professionals may submit their hours to Green Building Certiﬁcation Institute (GBCI) under the “Professional Development/Continuing Education” activity type in “My credentials” at www. gbci.org. For those who pass the quiz with a score of 80 percent, a certiﬁcate of completion will be emailed to you.

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/////////////////////////////////////////////// PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL Chemists have created a new category of insulating material referred to as phase change material (pcm), which helps maintain interior comfort as temperatures change during the day. When it’s hot, these microscopic acrylic capsules containing high-purity paraffin wax melt and absorb the heat. When it’s cold, they solidify and release the heat back into the room, helping to keep it comfortable with no energy expended in the process. When the pcm capsules are combined with gypsum in a .5-inch by 4-by-8-foot fiberglass-faced panel, they provide a 2,100-pound/msf panel and added thermal mass not typically found in traditional lightweight construction. They also provide latent heat capacity of ~22 BTU/ft2 with a melting point of 23 degrees C and 73 degrees F. An ATSM D3273 Mold Growth score of 10 (the best) is an added benefit this new panel provides. ͶͲǣ Ǥ

The Opportunity Ǧ Ȅ ǤȋȌǦ ǡȄȄ ǡǡǡǡǡǡǡ ǡǤ ǡǦ ǦǦ Ǥ ǦǦ ǦǤ ǡ ǡǦ Ǥ ǣ ͳǤ ʹǤ ͵Ǥ ͶǤ ͷǤ ͸Ǥ

<<1>> High-Performance Foam Insulation Materials Ǧǡ ǦǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǣ ȈǦȋ Ȍǡ ȋȌ ȈȋȌ ȈȋȌ

Spray-Applied Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǤǦ ǡ

ǡǡ Ǥ ǣǦȋǦȋȌ ͺȀ͵ͳʹȀ͵ȋͲǤͷͲǤ͹ȌǦȋǦȋȌ ʹͶȀ͵ͶͺȀ͵ȋͳǤͷ͵ȌǤȋǡǦ ȋȌǡǤȌ ǡȄ Ȅ ȄǦ Ǥ ǡ Ǧǡ ǡǤ ǦǡǦ Ǥǡ ͵ͲǤǣ • Open-Cell ǡǦ͵Ǥͷ ǡǦǤ ǤopenǦ͸Ͳ ȋȌǡ ǡǤ • Closed-Cell ͻͲ ȋȂ ǦȌǡ ǡǡǡǤ Ǥ ǡ ǡǤ ǡǡ Ǧ ͸ǤͷǤ Ǥ ǡ ȋǦȌ ǦǤǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǥ ȋ Ȍǡǡ ȋȌȄ ȋȌǡʹͷͶͲ ȋȌ Ǥ Ǧǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǧ ǡǦǦǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡǤ Ǧǡ ȋ ȌǤ ǡȋ ǡȌ Ȅǡǡǡ ǤǦ Ǥ

Extruded Rigid Polyurethane (PU) Ǧ͸Ǥ͹ ǦǦǦǤ ǡǦǦǤ ȋ Ȍǡǡ ǡ ȋ Ȍǡǡ ǡǡǡ

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Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ ǡǡǡǡ ǡǤ

Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) Ǧ͵Ǥͷ ǡ ǡ ȋ ȌǤͳͻͷͲǡǦ ǦǦǤǦ ǡ Ǥ ǦǦ Ǥ Ǧ ʹͲǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡǦ ǡ Ǥ

Sustainable Benefits ǦǤ Ǧ Ǥ ǡǣ ͳǤǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǲǳ Ǧ ȀǤ ʹǤǡ Ǧǡ ȋȌ

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Ǥ ǡǦ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǥ ͵Ǥǡ ǦǦ Ǥ

<<2>> Roofs ǤǦ ȋȌȄ ȄǤ Ǧǡǡ Ǧȋ Ȍ ǤǦ Ǥǯ ǡǡ Ǧǡ Ǥ ǡǡǦ ǡǲǯǫǳ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǦǦ ȋȌǦ ȋȌǤ ǡ ǦǤ

SPF Roofing Systems

Closed-Cell Foam

Glass Fiber

Wool

Blown Cellulose

Open-Cell Foam

R-Value

6.0

3.0

3.5

3.0

3.5

Approved Air Barrier System

Yes at 1-inch thickness

No

No

No

Yes at 5.5-inch thickness

Seamless Construction

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Rigid

Yes

No

No

No

No

Fully Adhered

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Adds Structural Strength

Yes

No

No

No

No

Long Service Life

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Absorbs Water

<4% v/v

Yes

Yes

Yes

>40% v/v

Allows Moisture Vapor In

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

ǡ Ǧ ǦǤ Ǥ chemical-based ǡǤǤǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ͻͷȋ Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance Life Cycle Cost StudyǡǡǡʹͲͲͶȌǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡǦ Ǥ

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Ǥǡ ǡ ǡ ȋ Ȍ ǦǦǤ Ǥ ǡ Federal Green Construction Guide for ǤǤͷǦͳǤͷǦ ǡ Specifiers, Section 07 55 63 (Section 07530)– Vegetated Protected Membrane Roofing, ǡǣ ǡǤ ȈȋȌ ȋȌǦǦ Ȉȋ Ȍ ǦǦ ȈȋȌ ȋȌǤǡ ǡ ȈǦȋȌ ǡǡǤǡ ȈǦȋȌ Ǧ ȈȋȌ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ ͶǤͷǡƬǲEnergy ǡǤ Data Measuring Cost Saving on Campus SPF Roofs Compared to BUR Roofsǡǳ ǯ

ǡǡͳͻͺͷǤ Ȅ Ǥ ǡǦ Ǥ Ǣ ǦǦ ǡǡ ǡ ʹͲǦ Ǣ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǦǦ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡǡ ǡǦ Ǥ ȋȌǡǦ Ǧ TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY MONITORED ENERGY SAVINGS ON 27 DIFFERENT BUILDINGS ON THE CAMPUS ǡǤ THAT HAD RECEIVED A SPRAY-APPLIED POLYURETHANE FOAM (SPF) ROOF FROM 1980 TO 1984. Ǥ Ǧ THE RESULTS SHOWED THE UNIVERSITY WAS ABLE TO COVER THE COMPLETE COST OF THE ROOF APPLICATION THROUGH ENERGY SAVINGS IN AN AVERAGE OF 4.5 YEARS. TODAY, THE MAIN CAMPUS ǣ ǣ Ȉ • Urethaneǡ BOASTS MORE THAN 7 MILLION SQUARE FEET OF SPF ROOFING. Ȉ Ǣ • SiliconeǡȀǢ Ȉ • Acrylicǡ Ȉʹ Ǥ ǦȋȌǣ Ǧ ͳǤǢ ǡǦ ʹǤǢ Ǥ ͵ǤǢ ͶǤǤ <<3>> Wall Systems ǡǣ Ǧ ͷǤǢ ǡ ͸ǤǢ ͹ǤǤ ͳͲͳͷǡ Ǥ ǡǦ Ǥǯǡ ǡ ȋͳǤͶ ǤͷȌ ȋȌǤ Ǥ ȋǤͷͳȌǡǤǦ Ȉ ȋ Ȍ ǡ Ȉ ȋ Ȍ ǦǤ Ȉ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ ȋȌǤȋȌ Vegetative Roofs ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ͸ǤͷȀ ǦͶȀǤ Ǥ SIPsǲǳ

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Ǥ ǤʹͶǡ͹ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡǤǡǤ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ȋȌ ȋǡȌ ǤȋȌǦ ǡ ǡ ǤȋExterior Wall Cladding Performance StudyǡȀ Ǥ ǡʹͲͲͺǤȌ ICFsǡ Ǥǡǣ ȋȌǡ Ȉ ȀǤ Ȉ Ǥ Ȉ ȋȌ Ȉ ȋȌ Ȉ ǡ ǦǤ Ǥ ǡǦǤ ͶǦǦͺǦͺǦǦʹͶǦǦ Ǥ Ǥ ͶǤͷͳʹǤʹͷ

ǦʹͲǦ Ǥ ǡ ȄǦ ǡ ǦȄ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ƭ Ǧ ǣ THE PEPPER VINER HIGH-PERFORMANCE HOME IN TUCSON, ARIZ., IS 80 PERCENT MORE ENERGY Ǧ ͳǤǡǦ EFFICIENT THAN AN AVERAGE AMERICAN HOME, REDUCES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND IS BUILT TO ǡǤ ͳ͵ͲǤ LAST FOR DECADES. THE PROJECT WAS PART OF AN INITIATIVE TO HELP SYSTEMIZE THE PRODUCTION ʹǤǦȄ ǡ BUILDER’S SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PROCEDURES THROUGH A PROCESS CALLED INTEGRATED DESIGN. ǦͷͲǤ Ǧ ͵Ǥ ͷͷǤȋ ǡBASF Corporation Time Ǥ & Motion Study,ʹͲͲ͸ǡ ǡǡ ͶǤ ǦǤ ȀǤȌ ͷǤȄǡǯǡǤ EIFSǦǡ ͸ǤǡǡǦ ǡ Ǥ ǤǦ ͹ǤǤ Ȁ ͺǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ͻǤǤ Ǥ ͳͲǤǤ ǡ Ǥ ǣ Ǥ Ȉ ǦǤ Ȉ ǦǤ ǤȀ Ȉ ǦǤ Ǧ Ȉ ǡǦ Ǥ Ǥ ʹͲͲ͹ǡǤǤȋȌǡǦ Ǧ ǯȋȌ Ǥ ǡ ȋ Ȍǡǡ <<4>> Fenestrations ȋȌǤǦ Ǧ ǡǤǤǡ Ǥ ȄǤ warm edgeȋȌǡǦ ǡǡ ǡǦ

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ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ȋδǤͳȀȌ ǡǡ ȋǡ ǡ ǡǤǡȌ ȄȄ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ȋȌǡ Ȅǡǡ Ǧ Ǥ ȋ ǡ ǦȌ ǦǦ TWO YEARS AFTER THE ATLANTIS HOTEL AND CASINO WAS CLAD USING EIFS, THE LANDMARK WAS ǡ BUFFETED BY CATEGORY 5 HURRICANE FLOYD, YET SUFFERED ABSOLUTELY NO DAMAGE TO THE CLADDING. Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ ȋȌ ȄǤǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǤȋȌǦ ǡǡǤȋ Ǥǡ ǤȌ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ʹͲͳʹǤǦ ȄȄ ͳͲǦǦ Ǥ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ ǦȋȌǤ Ǥ Ǧ ǣǤ ǦͳͶȄ ǡ ʹǦǡʹǤ͵͵ȋǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀȀǤȌǤǡ Ǥ ǡǦ ǦǲǦǳ ͶͲ Ǥ ǤȄ ǤǦ

ȄǤ ǡ ȋ Ȍǡǲ Ǧ Ǧ ǤǦǡǦ ǡǳ ͸Ͳ Ǥ ͶͲ Ǧǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ THE CITY OF LUBBOCK, TEXAS, GATHERED AND ANALYZED THREE YEARS OF COST DATA ON 100 ȄȀȋȈ;ȈȌȄ <<5>> Air & Weather Barriers HOMES BUILT USING ICFS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THE MONTHLY ENERGY COSTS FOR THE ICF ȋȀȌ HOMES WERE $50 TO $75 — ONE-THIRD THE $150 TO $200 MONTHLY COSTS FOR NON-ICF ȋ;Ȍ ǣ ȋȌ ͳǤǦ CONSTRUCTION IN THE CITY. Ǥ Ǥ ǤǦȀǦ Ǥ ǣ ʹǤǡ ǦǡǦǡǦǡȀǦ ǤǤʹǦ ǡǡ ȋ ǦǤǦȀ ȌǤǦ ͲǤͲͲͶͻȀʹ̷͹ͷǤ Ǥ ͵Ǥ ǦǡǦ ȋȌȀǦ Ǥ Ǥͷʹ

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///////////////////////////////////////////// EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES No discussion on the chemistry of sustainable construction products would be complete without a brief reference to new innovations. The combination of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies is changing the way we think about buildings. Two game changers that are in development currently are nanotechnology insulating foams and organic solar cells.

Nanotechnology Insulating Foams Also known as nanofoams, this innovation represent the next generation of insulating materials. The prefix nano describes an order of magnitude — one nanometer being one billionth of a meter. This is about the length of five to 10 atoms arranged end-to-end. If a meter is the planet Earth, a nanometer is a tennis ball. Nanotechnology describes the targeted and controlled development, manufacture and use of structures, materials and systems in magnitudes smaller than a hundred nanometers. One example of current nanofoam technology available in the market is in the area of polycarbonate skylights and curtain walls. This silica-based nanofoam insulation improves the insulating value of these units by as much as five times, without the need for a vacuum seal. The material’s physical characteristics limit its applications but scientists are currently working on non-silica based nanofoams that will deliver equivalent or greater insulating values while providing durability and wide-scale availability. For example, researchers are working on ways to transform current standard carbon-based insulations — such as EPS and polyurethane — into nanofoams. This innovation could significantly reduce heat conduction to less than half of that observed with conventional materials. These early stage nanofoams could be used to improve the overall performance of vacuum insulated panels, since they retain greater insulating value than traditional materials if the fragile vacuum seal is breached.

Near Infrared (NIR) Reflective Pigments Transparent NIR pigments can be formulated to reflect up to 45 percent of solar radiation, while NIR reflecting black pigments have solar reflectance of as much as 30 percent. By comparison, for traditional carbon black pigments this value is less than 5 percent, and white material has a long-term solar reflectance of 80 percent. In practical trials, the lower absorption of NIR reflecting black pigment relative to other black pigments results in a temperature decrease of up to 68 degrees F (20 degrees C) on building surfaces.

Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) This emerging technology is starting to garner attention internationally. The units consist of a core panel enclosed in a vacuum sealed metallic or Mylar-foil envelope that provide an insulating value of three to seven times that of equivalent an thickness of other insulation materials, such as rigid foam boards, foam beads, or fiber blankets. Currently, there are several types of core being developed for this use, including polystyrene, polyurethane, and a combination of silica and carbon. Although VIPs represent a promising, continuously improving technology, they are currently very costly. Additionally, the impressive insulating values could be greatly diminished if the vacuum seal protecting the panels is breached. In a retrofit scenario, however, VIPs could represent an important, easy-toinstall solution for areas where the building envelope needs energy upgrading, including interior walls and under the roofing deck.

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Ͷ Ǧ͸Ǥ͹Ǥ ͲǤͲͲͲͲʹͷȀʹ̷͹ͷǤ ǦȀ ǡǡǤ ǡ Ȅ ǡǤ Ȁǡǣ ȈǢ ȈǢ Ȉ͵Ǧ͵͸ǡ ǡ Ǣ ȈǡǢ ȈǦ Ǣ ȈǦǡǡ Ǥ

Code & Application Ambiguity ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͲͲǤ ǤǤ ͶͲǤ Ǥ ȄǦǦ ǡȀ ǤǡǦǦ ǲǦǳ Ǥ ǡ ǤǡǦ Ǥ ǡ ȋȌ ʹ͵ͷ͹ Ǥ ǦǡǦ ǡǦǤ ͺǦǦͺǦǦ Ȅǡ ǡǡǦǦǡ ǡǦǤ ǡǦ Ǥ Ǧ ǦǤ ǲǳ Ǥʹ͵ͷ͹ǡ ͲǤʹȀȋȈʹȌ̷͹ͷǤȋͲǤͲͶȀʹ̷ ͳǤͷ͹ȌǤǡ Ǥ Ȁǡǣ ͳǤ Ǥ

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Ȅ Ȅ <<6>> Concrete Ǧ Ǧ ǡ Ǥǡ ǤǦ ǡ Ǧ ǡǦ ǡǡ ǡ THE ÉCOTERRA PROJECT, CONSTRUCTED BY ALOUETTE HOMES AS PART OF THE CANADA Ǥ MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORATION (CMHC) EQUILIBRIUM HOUSING INITIATIVE, Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ CONSUMES 10 PERCENT OF THE ENERGY USED BY A STANDARD HOUSE OF THE SAME SURFACE AREA. FACTORY PRE-ENGINEERED MODULAR SECTIONS WERE USED TO OPTIMIZE ǣ ǡǡ ȈȄ CONSTRUCTION QUALITY AND REDUCE ONSITE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. ADVANCED ǡǤ BUILDING ENVELOPE TECHNOLOGIES USED IN THE HOME INCLUDE CLOSED-CELL SPF ǦȀ ͷͳͲǤ (PICTURED), OPEN-CELL SPF AND GRAPHITE-ENHANCED EPS, CREATING INSULATION LEVELS Ǥ ȈȄǦ OF R-54 FOR THE CATHEDRAL CEILING AND ROOF SECTIONS, R-37 FOR THE WALLS AND R-7.5 ǡ Ǧ FOR THE BASEMENT SLAB. ȋȌͳʹ͵Ͳ Ǥ Ǥ ǡǦ ȈȄǢ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȈȄǦ Ǥ Summary ȈǦȄ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ Ȅ ǡȄǦ Ǥ Ǧ ǡǤ Ǥǡǡ ǡǡȄǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǤǦǡǦǡ ǡǤ ǡǡ ǡʹͲͲ͹ȋǣȀȀǤ ǡǡ ǤȀȀȀȀȀʹͲͲ͹ȀʹͲͲ͹ǦͳͳǦͲͻǦͳͶͲͲǤȌǤ Ǧ ͳʹǦ ǡǦǡǡ ǡǡȄ ǦǦȀǦ ȋȌǤ Ǥ ͳͲ ǡǦ ǤǯͻͲǨ ǡǡǡǡ Ǥ Ǥǣ ǯ ǡǦ Ǥ Ǥ Ȅ ȄǡǦ supplementary cementitious materials ǡǡǡ and/or non-cementitious materials Ǥ ȄǦǡ Ǥ ʹǤǦ Ǥ ͵ǤǤ ͶǤ ǡǤ

+

special high-range water-reducing admixtures and/or workability-retaining admixture

= reduction of the amount of cement/ CO2/energy used per unit of concrete produced

ǡ ǦǦ ǤǤǤEDΪCǯ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀ ȋȌǣȀȀǤǤȋȌǤ

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EDUCATION PROVIDER

10 Question Assessment of Learning Instructions: Once you have read the entire article, go online to “Chemistry: A Major Driver of Building Performance” at http://www.edcmag.com/CDA/Articles/CEU to complete the quiz. Or, for a $10 process/handling fee, you may complete the quiz below and fax or mail it to the address at the bottom of this form. You must pass the quiz to earn credit. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Which one of these “lists-of-three” most accurately describes the negative impacts that buildings have on the environment? Ǥͳǡͳʹʹǡ ͹Ͳ ǤͷͲǡͷͲͷͲ Ǥͷǡ͹Ͳ ͵ͷ ǤͺͲʹǡͷͷʹ͵Ͳ Identify the six elements of the building envelop discussed in this article. Ǥǡǡǡǡǡ ƬǤ Ǥ ǡǡǡ ǡ ǤǡǡǡǡǦ ǤǡǡǡǡǦ Which of these choices best describes the sustainability benefits of high-performance insulation materials discussed in the article? ǤǡǦ ǤǡǡǦ ͶǤͷ͸Ǥ͹ Ǥǡǡǡ Ǥǡǡ Which of these choices best describes the sustainability benefits of membrane roofs discussed in the article? Ǥǡǡǡ Ǥǡǡ Ǥǡ ǡ ǤͶͲǦǡͷͲ ͸Ͳ Warm edge thermo plastic spacers (TPS) are an adhesive + sealant that provide a waterproof, durable spacer for dual pane windows that improves their thermal performance by up to 10 percent. Ǥ Ǥ

ǣǣ EDΪCǡʹͲͳͳȈǣǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀ ǣǡ̈́ͳͲǤ Mail to ED+C / CEU, BNP Media, PO Box 2600, Troy, MI 48007-2600 or fax to 248-786-1394 Ǧ

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6. 7.

8. 9. 10.

Which of these choices best describes the sustainability benefits of wall panels discussed in the article? Ǥ ǤǡǡǦ Ǥ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǧ Properly installed/applied water-resistive, air and weather barriers can virtually eliminate air leakage, prevent moisture intrusion, stop moisture-vapor transfer, reduce HVAC equipment requirements and save up to 30 percent in energy usage. Ǥ Ǥ According to the article, chemistry has perfected admixtures or additives to concrete that can do all of the following except: Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ If you were to sum up the benefits that chemistry and a highperformance building provide to the environment, according to this article, what would it be? Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ This generic product expands upon application and fills all voids, eliminating any air transfer. It chemically bonds to the surface to which it is sprayed. It is an excellent moisture and vapor barrier, but not a sound absorber. It is a superior insulating product. Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ

ͳͲǦ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀǤ ͺͲǡǦ Ǥ P ȀͳǤͲ ǦǦǡ ͓ Ǥ P ȋ ȌǲȀǳ ǲǳǤǤǤ ǫʹͶͺǦʹͶͶǦͳʹͺͲǤ P

PEDΪC

͓

pavement loves stormwater Pervious pavements allow stormwater to pass through. They help you maximize effective land use, earn LEED® points and are recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency as a Structural Inﬁltration Best Management Practice (BMP). Some types even adsorb pollutants to reduce contamination of green spaces. At BASF, we create chemistry. www.basf.us/construction

Reader Service No. 93 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

Sponsored by:

CROSS WORD

ACROSS 1

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Crossword by Myles Mellor

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One of the key elements in high-performance cladding Type of window space Square footage Ability of a building to turn away precipitation Lie in a sheltered position Structurally strong EPA partnership with food retailers to reduce refrigerant emissions Musical composition, reminiscent of Bach and cathedrals Oval-shaped object Green source of lighting and power Place (abbr.) Before Color Plus Linked photovoltaic modules

6 9 10

www.EDCmag.com

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_____ Alliance: an open industry association working on the rapid adoption of safe DC power distribution standards for commercial buildings Compass point Site of the AIA National Convention and Design Exposition (2 words) Turn over a garden bed Buddhist philosophy Natural light and heat source Part of the 2011 AIA Convention theme Life duration

DOWN 1 2 3 4

Runoff efficiency Submerged ridges of coral Through Environmentally friendly

5 6 7 8 11 14 15

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building certification Inclines from a vertical position Construction Yin and ___ Type of drawing Integrate harmoniously Cycle Electro-chemical power generators with high electrical efficiencies (2 words) Gardening tool that keeps lawns neat Well-known flower Internal structure Above Wander off course Zero-VOC ____ The DC microgrid platform facilitates the ____ use of AC and DC power George Washington’s dream

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Vane direction Factor measuring a building’s ability to remove moisture when wet Twisty curve Flower and shrub homes Compact Come out on top Green drink, sometimes

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Crossword puzzle solution can be found at www.EDCmag.com/crossword.

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Reader Service No. 105 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

ADINDEX

To request free information from ED+C advertisers, simply go to www.EDCmag.com/webcard and enter the corresponding circle numbers listed below or fill out the card located after page 50.

QAlcoa Architectural Products www.ecoclean.com Page 13 | Circle # 107

Forest Products Association of Canada www.fpac.ca Page 27 | Circle # 220

Nudura Corporation www.nudura.com Page 25 | Circle # 15

Armstrong Ceiling & Wall Systems www.armstrong.com/c2c5edc Page 68 | Circle # 3

Fox Blocks-Airlite Plastics www.foxblocks.com Page 23 | Circle # 190

Prosoco www.prosoco.com Page 45 | Circle # 17

QBASF Corporation www.basf.us/construction Page 61 | Circle # 93

QIcynene, Inc. www.icynene.com Page 17 | Circle # 152

QQA Graphics www.qagraphics.com Page 22 | Circle # 14

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Major Industries www.majorskylights.com Page 4 | Circle # 53

SYNTHEON, Inc. www.accelE.com Page 6 | Circle # 123

ClimateMaster www.climatemaster.com Page 5 | Circle # 133

MBCI Group www.mbci.com/EDCeco Page 33 | Circle # 134

Tate Access Floors www.tateaccessfloors.com Page 67 | Circle # 200

Construction Specialties www.c-sgroup.com Page 31 | Circle # 43

Metal Construction Association www.insulatedmetalpanels.org Page 37 | Circle # 176

U.S. Green Building Council www.usgbc.org/LEED Page 49 | Circle # 65

Custom Building Products www.customemeraldsystem.com Page 40 | Circle # 20

Metl-Span www.metlspan.com/corevalues Page 11 | Circle # 86

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QEFCO Corporation www.efcocorp.com Page 35 | Circle # 6

NCFI Polyurethanes www.insulstarcom Page 21 | Circle # 13

QView company information and product spec sheets in our GREENbook at www.EDCmag.com/greenbook. Q First-time advertiser. Q Regional advertiser.

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION Volume 14, Issue 5 (ISSN 1095-8932) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media II, L.L.C., 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $115.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $149.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $165.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media II, L.L.C. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN + CONSTRUCTION, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or [email protected].

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When you are through with this magazine, please do not throw it away. There is no “away.” Please pass it on to a friend or colleague who you think might appreciate, learn and/or be inspired by this information.

www.edcmag.com/enews ED+C’s popular semimonthly eNewsletter highlights the news, products and topics you need to know when specifying products for or designing your latest commercial or residential sustainable building project.

www.edcmag.com/smartschools SMARTschools is the eNewsletter for sustainable education facilities. Whether you design K-12 schools or oversee the operations of a college campus, SMARTschools brings you the latest sustainable news, trends and products affecting learning environments.

subscribe today!

PARTING

Opening Windows to Cutting-Edge Education By Chris Pickering

The Center for Energy Efficient Design (CEED), a Franklin County Public School located in Rocky Mount, Va., and designed and built by Structures Design/Build, is unlike any other school in the nation. Designed and built according to Passive House (or Passivhaus) standards, the world’s highest standards in energy efficient construction, the CEED serves as a hands-on education facility to teach students and the community about green building technologies. The school also serves as a template for future residential and commercial construction. In order to meet the precise design standards, Adam Cohen, co-owner of Structures Design/Build, incorporated energy-efficient building techniques and technologies, including the use of highly insulating windows. One challenge was designing windows that would meet the project’s rigorous air-pressure threshold and insulating specifications without importing costly products from Europe. To help seal the building envelope, the Ply Gem Windows R-5 Series casement, awning and fixed windows were customized with a triple-pane glass system that combines two panes of multilayered vacuum-deposition, Low-ESH (solar heating) insulating glass with an interior glass substrate and two insulating chambers of krypton gas. The resulting insulating glass unit U-factors exceed 0.21 in operating units and 0.19 for fixed units. The projecting casement and awning windows also help promote long-term air tightness. Other design techniques of the CEED include south facing solar orientation, incorporation of thermal mass, earthberming and rainwater harvesting, as well as the use of technologies including energy efficient HVAC systems ms and appliances, lighting controls, solar hot water heaters,, wind turbines and photovoltaics. The CEED building is the first Passive House-certiJoin SMARTschools fied public school structure in the country and joins (http://cot.ag/dRTpKr) only 13 other certified Passive House building designs to read more about in the U.S. The center is also attempting to meet LEED this project in May. Platinum standards. INFORMATION COURTESY OF CHRIS PICKERING, PLY GEM WINDOWS (WWW.PLYGEMWINDOWS.COM).

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Sometimes, it’s okay for sustainability to be beneath you.

Take a stand on green-build with Tate underﬂoor service distribution systems. When you walk on a Tate underﬂoor service distribution system (UFSD), it’ll be the things you don’t see, that make the difference. That’s because the beauty of this system is really about what happens below the surface and how it impacts the rest of the building. A combination of modular underﬂoor cabling, zone wiring and air delivery systems offers cost-savings in materials and energy efﬁciency, while also improving indoor air and environmental quality. In fact, it’s a system so complete with green-build attributes, you never really walk on it, you make a stand. Reader Service No. 200 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

To learn more, call 1-800-231-7788 or visit www.tateaccessﬂoors.com.

CEILING&WALL

SY S T E M S Between us, ideas become reality™

made from recycled ceilings When you specify a Ceiling-2-Ceiling™ panel from Armstrong, you get reliable performance, clean visuals, and the industry’s highest level of post-consumer recycled content. To date, our Ceiling Recycling Program has turned 100 million lbs. of old ceiling panels into new Ceiling-2-Ceiling panels – diverting over 50,000 tons from landfills. Close the loop – include Ceiling-2-Ceiling panels and ceiling recycling in your next specification. armstrong.com/c2c5edc

1 877 ARMSTRONG Reader Service No. 3 www.EDCmag.com/webcard

Cirrus® Angled Tegular on Prelude® 15/16" grid in White with 4" Classic Axiom® in White Lawrence University – Richard & Margot Warch Campus Center, Appleton, WI Architects: Uihlein-Wilson Architects, Inc., Milwaukee, WI / KSS Architects, Princeton, NJ