Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics

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Author: Rudolf Holze

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Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology New Series / Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen

Group IV: Physical Chemistry Volume 9

Electrochemistry Subvolume A Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Editor M.D. Lechner Author R. Holze

ISSN 1615-2018 (Physical Chemistry) ISBN 978-3-540-41038-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen Vol. IV/9A: Editor: M.D. Lechner At head of title: Landolt-Börnstein. Added t.p.: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. Tables chiefly in English. Intended to supersede the Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen by H. Landolt and R. Börnstein of which the 6th ed. began publication in 1950 under title: Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik. Vols. published after v. 1 of group I have imprint: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag Includes bibliographies. 1. Physics--Tables. 2. Chemistry--Tables. 3. Engineering--Tables. I. Börnstein, R. (Richard), 1852-1913. II. Landolt, H. (Hans), 1831-1910. III. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. IV. Title: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. QC61.23 502'.12 62-53136 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution act under German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product Liability: The data and other information in this handbook have been carefully extracted and evaluated by experts from the original literature. Furthermore, they have been checked for correctness by authors and the editorial staff before printing. Nevertheless, the publisher can give no guarantee for the correctness of the data and information provided. In any individual case of application, the respective user must check the correctness by consulting other relevant sources of information. Cover layout: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Typesetting: Author and Redaktion Landolt-Börnstein, Darmstadt Printing and binding: AZ Druck, Kempten SPIN: 1050 1024

63/3020 - 5 4 3 2 1 0 – Printed on acid-free paper

Editor M.D. Lechner Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Osnabrück Barbarastr. 7 D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany

Author R. Holze Technische Universität Chemnitz Institut für Chemie Straße der Nationen 62 D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany

Editorial Office Gagernstr. 8, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany fax: +49 (6151) 171760 e-mail: [email protected] Internet http://www.landolt-boernstein.com

Preface of the editor

Electrochemistry deals with the nature of electrolytes and with the processes at electrodes which are in contact with electrolytes. Generally speaking chemistry is electrochemistry as interactions in the atomic scale are of electrical nature. Electrochemistry is the basis of many important and modern applications and scientific developments such as nanoscale machining (fabrication of miniature devices with three dimensional control in the nanometer scale), electrochemistry at the atomic scale, scanning tunneling microscopy, transformation of energy in biological cells, selective electrodes for the determination of ions, and new kinds of electrochemical cells, batteries and fuel cells. All these developments need precise values of the electrochemical systems. Springer Verlag and the editor are very grateful to the author R. Holze who collects and presents all relevant data together with a precise description of the phenomenons in this volume. The data are divided in five chapters: 1 Electrode potentials (potentials between an electrode and the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE)) 2 Cell voltages (electromotive force of a complete cell) 3 Electrode potentials of zero charge 4 Free enthalpy of adsorption 5 Exchange current densities Springer-Verlag plans to publish a second volume on electrochemistry LB IV/9B which includes mainly electrical conductivities and equilibria of electrochemical systems. The complete volume, including links to the original citations, is also available online: you can either navigate through the electronic version of this volume starting from the Landolt-Börnstein website www.landolt-boernstein.com; simply select and jump directly into the PDF data file of interest and then search for entries by the full text search engine; from this website you can also access the content via a substance index or a comprehensive index. Alternatively you can also search for relevant keywords via the full Springer search gate on www.springerlink.com leading to cross-publication hits. Constraints to the search will specify your results, particularly when combined with the navigation facility. You can find a brief description of the different entrances to Landolt-Börnstein online on the inner backcover page of this volume. The editor wishes to express his thanks to the author R. Holze for this excellent volume which appears nearly fifty years after the corresponding volume of Landolt-Börnstein’s 6th edition, "Elektrische Eigenschaften II (Elektrochemische Systeme)". The encouraging and never ending support of the editor in chief W. Martienssen and of R. Poerschke, M. Müller, D. Rathgeber-Manns and H. Hämmer from Springer-Verlag is kindly acknowleged. The publisher and the editor are confident that this volume will increase the use of the "Landolt-Börnstein".

Osnabrück, May 2007 ...................................................................................................................................

Preface of the author

Data on the structure and the dynamics, the thermodynamics and the kinetics of phase boundaries in the presence of charged species and electric fields form the numerical basis of electrochemistry. They are of essential importance in chemistry, physics, materials science and numerous related fields of fundamental and applied science. This volume presents a collection of electrode potentials established when an electronically conducting material is brought into contact with an ionically conducting phase. Since single electrode potentials cannot be measured easily (for a thorough discussion see [90Tra]) the use of a reference electrode is a prerequisite for the measurement of electrode potentials. A list of reference electrode potentials is therefore included (see also [61Ive]). Sometimes the obtained voltage (i.e. the potential difference between the two electrode potentials) which should subsequently be converted into an electrode potential given the knowledge of the precise value of the electrode potential of one electrode (commonly called the reference electrode) contains unknown contributions from further local changes of potential in the system under investigation. In many cases the exact composition of the electrochemical system is hard to establish precisely. For these systems cell voltages are reported. Although recommendations provided elsewhere regarding the use of the terms voltage and potential remain inconclusive at best [96IUP] in this compilation the potential difference measured between two electrodes is always called voltage, the potential of an electrode given with respect to a reference electrode (preferably the standard hydrogen electrode) is called electrode potential. Certainly this might also be called a voltage because it is actually also a potential difference with one electrode potential set arbitrarily to zero. Nevertheless the daily use recommends assignment of voltage to cells and potential to electrodes. No distinction is mady anymore between reversible and irreversible electrode potentials [60LB]. The usage of the term "reversible" in the context of electrochemistry is a confused one. Frequently it is applied to electrode kinetics, i.e. fast electrode reactions showing particular features in e.g. cyclic voltammograms are called reversible. Closely related is the use as a term to characterize a reference electrode. A reversible electrode is an electrode which returns quickly to its thermodynamically correct rest potential after current has been drawn across the interface whereas an irreversible electrode shows a long time delay until the correct potential is established again (if at all) [61Ive]. Elsewhere reactions proceeding on the forward and backward reaction pathway according to exactly the same mechanism just in opposite directions are called reversible. Exactly (and thermodynamically) speaking the term applies only to a system being in its equilibrium state. Thus electrode potentials and cell voltages listed below are reversible because they are measured at zero current, i.e. in the equlibrium state. Because this condition is obvious such a remark would be redundant according to current standards. The term electromotive force (elektromotorische Kraft) has been defined and explained in classical terms [57Kor] as the voltage measured between the metallic leads (contacts) of a galvanic cell at infinitely small current. Already in a standard textbook published somewhat later [70Boc] this term has vanished completely, nevertheless it has been used frequently even in most recent publications listed and quoted below. It is nevertheless not used in this compilation anymore. Because of the interaction between the electrode surface and the various species present in the ionic phase an excess of charged species may be present on the ionically conducting side of the phase boundary. Its extent depends upon the actual electrode potential. At a certain electrode potential this excess vanishes, the corresponding potential value is called potential of zero charge. Knowledge of this

value is important for the understanding of many electrochemical phenomena. A list of known values is therefore included. Closely connected to this aspect is the process of adsorption at electrode surfaces, which is a competetive process like at any other solid/liquid surface where a solvent molecule is replaced by an adsorbate molecule. Compared to common adsorption processes at solid/liquid interfaces the strong electric field at electrochemical phase boundaries adds an influence of utmost importance. The strength of the interaction between the electrode and the adsorbed species can be expressed by the free enthalpy of adsorption. Employing a variety of methods many data have been reported, they are listed in this volume. Presumably the most important kinetic parameter used in the description of the kinetics of an electrode is the exchange current density or the almost equivalent rate constant. It indicates the speed of the heterogeneous process of charging or discharging species at the phase boundary, i.e. the charge transfer process. Its value is influenced by numerous factors of the investigated system. For both applied and fundamental aspects of electrochemical research a list of reported values should be helpful. It concludes this volume. The present volume presents the results of an attempt to collect all relevant data as complete as possible. In a few cases original sources were not accessible despite considerable efforts. To provide a critical review and a complete reevaluation of the reported data is not the purpose of this collection. Consequently all data are reported, only conversion into standard units and with respect to standard references were made when necessary and reasonable, obvious printing errors were corrected. The author wishes to express his deep gratitude to all friends and colleagues who contributed to this volume by providing reprints, to all librarians who helped in retrieving even the most remote journals and documents. Without their support this book would have remained unwritten. Close cooperation and helpful assistance in planning and preparing this book by the staff of the Springer-Verlag are gratefully appreciated. The continuous (and almost neverending) encouragement provided by the editor M.D. Lechner was quintessential; without his support this collection would have remained unfinished. My wife’s tolerance for many hours spent in front of computer terminals and scientific papers was the essential prerequisite, the book would have been impossible without this.

Table of contents List of symbols, abbreviations and methods.

....................

X

1

Electrode potentials

.................................

1

1.1 1.2

Definition of the electrode potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of temperature and pressure on cell voltages and electrode potentials . . . . . .

1 3

Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table 1.4 Table 1.5 Table 1.6

Metal electrode potentials in aqueous electrolyte systems . . . . . Nonmetal electrode potentials in aqueous electrolyte systems . . . Metal electrode potentials in nonaqueous electrolyte systems . . . Nonmetal electrode potentials in nonaqueous electrolyte systems . Formal potentials of organic redox systems . . . . . . . . . . . . Potentials of common reference electrodes in an aqueous solution .

2

Cell voltages

2.1

Definition of cell voltage

Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 2.4

Cell voltages with aqueous electrolyte systems . . Cell voltages with nonaqueous electrolyte systems Cell voltages with molten salt electrolyte systems . Cell voltages with solid state electrolyte systems .

3

Electrode potentials of zero charge

3.1 3.2

Thermodynamics of an electrode in contact with an electrolyte solution . Determination of the electrode potential of zero charge . . . . . . . . .

Table 3.1

Electrode potentials of zero charge of metal electrodes in contact with electrolyte solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrode potentials of zero charge of metal oxide electrodes in contact with electrolyte solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrode potentials of zero charge of metal electrodes in contact with molten electrolyte salts . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrode potentials of zero charge of miscellaneous materials in contact with aqueous electrolyte solutions . . . . . . . . .

Table 3.2 Table 3.3 Table 3.4

. . . . . .

5 41 46 54 55 59

.....................................

61

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

...............................

61

. . . .

63 126 152 168

.........................

179

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

....... .......

179 180

............

191

............

232

............

233

............

237

............................

238

4

Free enthalpies of adsorption

4.1 4.2

Thermodynamics of the adsorption at electrodes. . . . . . . . . . Determination of the free enthalpy of the adsorption at electrodes .

.......... ..........

238 239

Table 4.1

Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔG0ad of ions and organic molecules at metal electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..........

244

.............................

264

5

Exchange current densities

5.1

Kinetics of electrode processes at an electrode in contact with an electrolyte solution . . . . . . . . . . . . Methods for the determination of exchange current densities

5.2

............. .............

264 267

Table 5.3

Exchange current densities and rate constants in aqueous systems . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Exchange current densities and rate constants in aqueous systems at miscellaneous surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Exchange current densities in molten salt electrolyte systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

6

References

Table 5.1 Table 5.2

......................................

384

R1

References 57Kor 60LB

61Ive 70Boc 90Tra 96IUP

Kortüm, G.: Lehrbuch der Elektrochemie, Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1957. Landolt-Börnstein, 6. Auflage, II. Band, Eigenschaften der Materie in ihren Aggregatzuständen, 7. Teil: Elektrische Eigenschaften II (Elektrochemische Systeme), Hellwege, K.H., Hellwege, A.M., Schäfer, K., Lax, E. (eds.), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1960. Ives, D.J.G., Janz, G.J.: Reference Electrodes, New York: Academic Press, 1961. Bockris, J.O'M., Reddy, A.K.N.: Modern Electrochemistry, Vol. I, New York: Plenum Press, 1970. Trasatti, S.: Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 269. IUPAC (ed.): Größen, Einheiten und Symbole in der Physikalischen Chemie, Weinheim: VCH, 1996.

X

List of symbols and abbreviations 1) Symbols

Definitions

A AN a aq

electrode surface area acetonitrile activity aqueous

Bu

butyl

C CE c c#

capacitance counterelectrode concentration standard unit concentration mol l–1

D

diffusion coefficient

E EA EH, ESHE ENCE Epzc ESCE E0 E00

electrode potential activation energy electrode potential vs. standard hydrogen electrode electrode potential vs. normal calomel electrode electrode potential of zero charge electrode potential vs. saturated calomel electrode electrode potential at rest (i.e. I = 0 mA cm–2) standard electrode potential

E0’

electrode potential where the conditional rate constant k c0 is determined

ΔE EDTA Et en

difference of electrode potentials, e.g. peak potentials ethylenediamine tetraacetate ethanol, ethyl ethylenediamine

F F FeC f

Faraday constant (96464 C mol–1) fugacity; [F] = [M] Ferrocene/ferrocinium (reference electrode) activity coefficient (also in use: Ȗ)

I Ia Ic

current anodic current cathodic current

j ja jc j0 j00

current density anodic current density cathodic current density exchange current density standard exchange current density

kapp k0, ksh

rate constant at a selected electrode potential different from the rest potential rate constant of an electrode reaction

k c0

conditional rate constant

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

XI

Symbols

Definitions

M Me m

molarity (number of moles dissolved per liter (dm3) of solution) methyl molality (number of moles dissolved per kilogram of solution)

N NCE n.a. n [n-Bu4N][PF6]

normal concentration unit normal calomel electrode (see also: ENCE) not available, information not provided in the original report number of electrons transferred in the cell or electrode reaction tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate

Ph

phenyl

Q

charge

Rct RE RT

charge transfer resistance reference electrode room temperature

SCE sat. sol.

standard calomel electrode saturated (solution) solid (state)

T TEAC TEAH TEAP

temperature (in units of °C or K) tetraethylammonium perchlorate tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate tetraethylammonium phosphate

U, UT U0

cell voltage U at temperature T in K when not stated otherwise cell voltage at rest (i.e. I = 0 mA cm–2) and at standard temperature or some other defined reference temperature

v

rate (velocity) of reaction

x

mole fraction, atom fraction

z

number of electrons transferred in an electrochemical reaction step

α

charge transfer coefficient

η

overpotential

θ

coverage (relative units 0 < θ < 1)

υ

stochiometric coefficient

Ň

indicates a phase boundary between a solid and a liquid phase

Œ

indicates a phase boundaries between two liquid phases established by e.g. a porous diaphragm

*

symbol indicating hydrate composition

1

) For a compilation of symbols in electrochemistry see [74Par], symbols, abbreviations and acronyms used only infrequently are defined at their place of use or in an associated footnote.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

XII

List of abbreviations of methods Abbreviation

Method

ACP AE

alternating current polarography acousto-electrochemical method

BAW

bulk acoustic wave method

C CA CC CCS CD CF CH CM CO CP CPS CS CT CV

chronocoulometry contact angle method corrosion current method cyclic current step method circular dichroic spectroelectrochemical method controlled hydrodynamic convection chronopotentiometry chronocoulometric method CO charge displacement method current-potential curves cyclic potential step method coulostatic method cathode overpotential method cyclic voltammetry

DCP DCVA DE DME DR

direct current polarography derivative cyclic voltabsorptometry desorption potential dropping mercury electrode double layer repulsion method

EB EC ED EE EL ER

film electrode bending method electrocapillary method electrode displacement method theory of electron emission ellipsometric method electroreduction of ions

F FD FL FR

friction method Faradaic distortion method flow measurement Faradaic rectification

G GCI GD GM GS

gravimetric method galvanostatically controlled current interruption galvanostatic double pulse method galvanostatic method galvanostatic single pulse method

H

hardness measurement

IA IM IP IR

ionic adsorption method immersion method impedance method infrared spectroscopic method

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

XIII

Abbreviation

Method

ISS

isoelectronic shift of potential

MP

mixed potential method

NS

null solution method

OA OC OP OCS

organic adsorption method open-circuit method oscillographic polarography oscillographically observed current interruption

P PC PE POL PP PS

photoemission method electrode capacitance measured with a pulse method piezoelectric method miscellaneous polarographic methods pulse polarography potential step method

R RDE RT

surface stress measurement (ribbon extension method) rotating disc electrode radiotracer technique

S SFG SO SS

scratching or streaming electrode method sum frequency generation salting out method stirred solution

T TC

tensammetry modified charge determination method

VE VIB

vibrating electrode method vibrational spectroscopic method

TLV TPF

thin-layer voltammetry turbulent pipe flow

WL

weight loss method

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 74Par

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Parsons, R.: Pure Appl. Chem. 37 (1974) 499.

1 Electrode potentials

1

1 Electrode potentials

1.1 Definition of electrode potential When a piece of metal is brought into contact with a solution containing ions of the same metal the system thus created will change towards a chemical equilibrium. Basically this involves dissolution of the metal by means of oxidation of metal atoms resulting in solvated ions and electrons left in the metal or deposition of ions from the solution on the metal. The latter process will result in an excess of positive charges on the metal compared to the initial state, the former process leads to a negatively charged metal. Since consideration of the established equilibrium using the concepts of mixed phase thermodynamics includes charged species and immiscible phases with excess electric charges the simple chemical potential has to be corrected by a contribution of the electric charge. This can be deduced most easily by setting up the corresponding equations. The cell reaction under consideration is z+

M sol + z e → M s

(1.1) z+

In the state of equilibrium between both phases, i.e. the solution phase containing the M sol species and the solid metal phase, the sum of the chemical potentials in both phases are equal. Since charged species are involved, the usual chemical potential μi has to be extended by a term representing the work necessary to bring one mol of charged species with a charge of zi e into a phase where an electrostatic potential E is present μ i = μ i + N A e zi E = μ i + zi F E

(1.2)

The equilibrium is expressed by

(

)

μ M − μ M + z μ e ,M = 0 z+

-

sol

(1.3) z+

with μ M being the electrochemical potential of the ionic species in the solution phase and M sol the z+

sol

electrochemical potential of the respective species in the metal. Since atoms in the metal are uncharged, μ M = μ M . Substituting the complete equations for the electrochemical potentials in eq. (1.3) gives

(

)

z+ μ M − ª¬ μ sol + zi F Esol + zi μ e ,M + zi F EM º¼ = 0 -

(1.3)

The difference of electric potentials across the interface ΔE is given by

(

ΔE = [1 ( z F )] μ M + z μ e − μ M

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

z+

sol

)

(1.4)

2

1 Electrode potentials

The chemical potential of the ions depends on their activity a, this results in

(

)

ΔE = [1 ( z F )] μ M z + + z μ e − μ M + [ R T 0

sol

( z F )] ln a

M

z+

(1.5)

Assuming unit ion activity the potential difference is equal to the first term; this term is called 'standard potential difference' or more commonly 'standard electrode potential'. Eq. (1.5) thus simplifies to E = E0 + [ RT

( zF )] ln a

M

z+

(1.6)

This relationship is also called Nernst equation. By now it is obvious that the actual value of an electrode potential will critically depend both on the nature and composition of the electronically conducting material and the ionically conducting phase. Although for the sake of simplicity the former has generally been called the electrode, the latter being named the electrolyte or electrolyte solution, W. Nernst has suggested to call the combination of both an electrode. Although this definition is considerably more precise than the general usage with the term electrode referring to the electron conducting phase only, its strict usage throughout this volume might result in confusion and complication, thus the term electrode will refer to the electron conductor mostly if not explicitly stated otherwise. The ionically conducting phase will be called electrolyte solution (or melt etc.) throughout. The term „electrolyte“ only is not used; this avoids the general confusion related to the fact, that the term electrolyte refers precisely speaking only to the component of the phase providing the ions (which does not include the solvent). Considerable confusion has been caused during the data compilation of the following lists as well as during the use of compilations prepared previously and published elsewhere by the sometimes poorly defined application of the term 'standard electrode potential'. As stated in textbooks (e.g. [72Moo]) a standard electrode potential is measured with an electrode, which contains all components in the electrode under consideration (or in the whole cell when cell voltages are considered) in their standard state. The actual measurement procedure is subject of textbooks (see e.g. [97Wed, 98Hol]). Besides temperature 1) and pressure the activity of species involved in establishing the electrode potential is obviously crucial. As defined by IEC and by e.g. the German industrial norm DIN 50900 T2 (June 1975) the species have to be present at activity a = 1 2). In other textbooks every electrode potential measured versus a standard hydrogen electrode is considered a standard potential [96Atk]. This extends to reports on electrode potentials, wherein again a measurement versus this reference qualifies a measured electrode potential as a standard value (e.g. [74Bau]), even in early tabulations [60LB]. In the tables only electrode potentials of the first type are designated standard potentials, in the latter case the electrode potential values are quoted with the respective data on composition etc.. Various listings of calculated electrode potentials and cell voltages based on known or estimated thermodynamic and further chemical data have been compiled [52Lat, 64Bet, 82Ant]. Some compilations contain a large fraction of theoretically calculated potentials without providing experimental proofs [78Mil] or are limited to aqueous solutions only [85Bar]. Experimentally determined voltages and potentials involving the use of several cells and electrode combinations to yield a final value based on the mathematical combination of these numbers are nevertheless included.

1)

2)

Although the standard temperature most frequently encountered is T0 = 25 °C or 298.15 K there are deviating definitions like e.g. the German industrial standard DIN 1343 (November 1975) stating the normal temperature as Tn=273.15 K. In the following list the former standard is always assumed if not explicitly stated otherwise. Activity ai is defined as ai = (mi Ȗi)/m0 with mi being the molality of ion i with activity coefficient Ȗi and standard molality m0. Thus activity is dimensionless. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials

3

1.2 Effect of temperature and pressure on cell voltages and electrode potentials The temperature derivative of the free energy yields an expression for the entropy change occuring during the cell reaction ΔS = n F ( ∂U ∂T ) p

(1.7)

which can be converted into ΔH = n F ª¬T ( ∂U ∂T ) p − U º¼

(1.8)

These relationships can be used to obtain thermodynamic data otherwise difficult to get. Vice versa they can be used to calculate the temperature coefficient of a cell voltage respectively an electrode potential based on known thermodynamic data. The pressure dependency of the cell voltage (and correspondingly the electrode potential) can also be derived using standard thermodynamic equations

( ∂U

∂p )T = −ΔV

(n F )

(1.9)

With solid and liquid reactants participating in the electrochemical processes leading to the establishment of a cell voltage U and the respective electrode potentials E volume changes are generally negligible. If a gas is involved, considerable effects are to be expected. Integration of eq. (1.9) yields U p = U1 −

1 nF

p

³ ΔVdp

(1.10)

1

Assuming perfect gas behavior a simplified equation can be used U p = U1 +

RT 2F

ln p

(1.11)

As reference electrode commonly a hydrogen electrode is used. In its standard state, i.e. with a proton activity a = 1 in the electrolyte solution and standard pressure of hydrogen in the gas phase, the potential of this electrode is set to E00, SHE = 0 V 3) (see also [61Ive]). When comparing the corresponding potential scale with the energy scale commonly used in physics, a difficulty arises, because in the latter scale the energy of an electron being in vacuum without any interaction is considered as reference state. Both scales can be matched [78Noz, 80Noz]. The potential of the standard hydrogen electrode thus corresponds to – 4.5 eV on the vacuum scale (for an overview see e.g. [99Tra]). The relationship between the electrode potential, the metal electron work function, an electronic term, a dipolar term and a molecular term are thoroughly reviewed elsewhere [83Tra, 90Tra].

3)

Sometimes the term normal hydrogen electrode (and respectively normal potential instead of standard potential) has been used referring to a hydrogen electrode with a platinized platinum electrode immersed in 1 M sulfuric acid irrespectively of the actual proton activity in this solution. With the latter electrode poorly defined diffusion (liquid junction) potentials will be caused, thus data obtained with this electrode are not included. The term normal hydrogen electrode should not be used either, because it implies a reference to the concentration unit normal which is not to be used anymore, see also below.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4

1 Electrode potentials

General remarks on the tables

An electrode potential is given a positive value (i.e. no sign at all) if it is the positive terminal in a cell, whose second electrode is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) 4). This is the Gibbs-Stockholm electrode potential convention. The 'Oxidation Potential' introduced by Latimer has the opposite sign [52Lat]. The tables conform with the suggestions of IUPAC compiled elsewhere [74Par, 96IUP]. All electrode reactions (potential determining processes) are given as anodic (oxidation) reactions as suggested previously [64Bet]. Because of the delicate use of arrows in reaction equations only a single arrow is used tacitly assuming that the reaction proceeds at equilibrium in both directions at the same rate. Only if explicitly stated a difference is made and reported between absolute, international, average international and US-international Volt because of the very minor differences, which might become effective only in precision measurements. The respective relationships are 1 Vabs. = 1.00034 Vint. = 1.00034 Vav.int. = 1.000330 VUS-int. [61Ive, 96IUP]. The growing use of electrochemical methods including the measurement of electrode potentials assigned to well defined redox processes in organic and inorganic chemistry has resulted in an increasing demand for tabulations of the redox (or formal) potentials E0 of these processes. Unfortunately in most experimental studies the choice of a redox electrode seems to be determined by the ease of availability instead of compatibility with data of other authors (for a typical example see [05Vat]). Consequently a considerable amount of data has been generated, wherein the communicated electrode potential E0 does not refer to the standard hydrogen electrode neither in an aqueous system nor in the electrolyte system under investigation, but to one of the numerous other reference electrode systems. Any conversion into the normal hydrogen scale is prone to considerable errors, thus it has to be avoided [73Str]. As a help to the researcher in this field a tabulation of data has been attempted (Table 1.5) with values of E0 stated with reference to a specified reference electrode. Only a brief separate table of reference electrodes and their respective potentials is provided. Various systems have been employed as reference electrodes, their choice depending on the actual application. As applications have developed and broadened, the use of references has changed, too. Thus this selection is personal and of temporary value only. The reader searching for any particular reference will nevertheless find the desired system in the tables arranged according to the potential-determining element/electrode reaction, for an older review see [61Ive] 5).

4)

5)

The term normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) is frequently employed as a synonym. Since normal may be taken as a concentration unit (although use of this unit is discouraged, but nevertheless numerous results are given with this unit) its use in the designation of this reference electrode should be avoided. No more recent complete review seems to be available. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 52Lat 60LB

61Ive 64Bet 72Moo 73Str 74Bau 74Par 78Mil 78Noz 80Noz 82Ant 83Tra 85Bar 90Tra 96Atk 96IUP 97Wed 98Hol 99Tra 05Vat

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Latimer, W.M.: The Oxidation States of the Elements and their Potentials in Aqueous Solutions, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1952. Landolt-Börnstein, 6. Auflage, II. Band, Eigenschaften der Materie in ihren Aggregatzuständen, 7. Teil: Elektrische Eigenschaften II (Elektrochemische Systeme), Hellwege, K.-H., Hellwege, A.M., Schäfer, K., Lax, E. (eds.), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1960. Ives, D.J.G., Janz, G.J.: Reference Electrodes, New York: Academic Press, 1961. de Bethune, A.J., Swendeman Loud, N.A.: Standard Aqueous Electrode Potentials and Temperature Coefficients at 25 °C, Skokie: C.A. Hampel, 1964. Moore, W.J.: Physical Chemistry, London: Longman, 1972. Strehlow, H., Knoche, W., Schneider, H: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 77 (1973) 760. Baucke, F.G.K.: Chem. Ing. Techn. 46 (1974) 71. Parsons, R.: Pure Appl. Chem. 37 (1974) 499. Milazzo, G., Caroli, S., Sharma, V.K.: Tables of Standard Electrode Potentials, Chichester: John Wiley&Sons, 1978. Nozik, A.J.: Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 29 (1978) 189. Nozik, A.J.: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. (London) A 295 (1980) 453. Antelman, M.S., Harris jr., F.J.: The Encyclopedia of Chemical Electrode Potentials, New York: Plenum Press, 1982. Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 150 (1983) 1. Bard, A.J., Parsons, R., Jordan, J.: Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1985. Trasatti, S.: Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 269. Atkins, P.W.: Physikalische Chemie, Weinheim: VCH, 1996. IUPAC (ed.): Größen, Einheiten und Symbole in der Physikalischen Chemie, Weinheim: VCH, 1996. Wedler, G.: Lehrbuch der Physikalischen Chemie, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 1997. Holze, R.: Leitfaden der Elektrochemie, Stuttgart: Teubner, 1998. Trasatti, S., Lust, E.: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 33, White, R.E., Conway, B.E., Bockris, J.O'M., (eds.) New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, 1999, p. 1. Vatsadze, S., Al-Anber, M., Thiel, W.R., Lang, H., Holze, R.: J. Solid State Electrochem. 9 (2005) 764.

1 Electrode potentials

5

Table 1.1. Metal electrode potentials in aequeous electrolyte systems. 1) Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Aluminum (Al)

Antimony (Sb)

ESHE [V]

Ref.

Al→Al3++3e−

–1.66

Al→Al3++3e− Al+Cl−→AlCl2++3e−

–1.662 –1.802

28Lat, 25Mak 72Moo 42Bro1, 43Bro 61Ive 41Hov

2Sb+3H2O→Sb2O3+6H++6e− Sb→ SbIII+3e− ESHE [V]=0.2552–(0.05893*pH) 2Sb+3H2O→Sb2O3+6H++6e−, acetate buffer Sb+H2O→SbO++2H++3e−, acetate buffer Sb+H2O→SbO++2H++3e−, SbOClO4, HClO4 Sb+6H2O→Sb4O6+12H++12e−, SbOClO4, HClO4

0.152 0.212 0.2040 0.1504

52Tou 52Tou 71Vas1 71Vas1

Sb+4Cl−→ SbCl 4– +3e−

0.17

68Noz

–0.67

–2.906 –1.700 –1.717 –1.728 –1.741 –1.753 –2.912

23Gru, 26Lat 52Lat 61Yag 52Lat, 31Lie 52Lat, 28Dev, 34Lat 72Moo 76Ard 76Ard 76Ard 76Ard 76Ard 62Jak2

–2.997

52Gib

–3.027

56Coh

–3.011

49Jon

–3.059

50Jon

–2.979 –2.930 –2.924 –2.919 –2.916

51Den 52Col1 52Col1 49Dav2 52Col1

–2.912

52Col1

Sb+4OH

−

→ SbO 2–

+2H2O+3e

As+2H2O→HAsO2+3H++3e− 4As+5H2O+½O2→As4O6+10H++10e− H3AsO3+H2O→H3AsO4+2H++2e−

Barium (Ba)

Ba→Ba2++2e−

Ba+ Fe(CN)36 – → BaFe(CN)6– +2e− → BaFe(CN)62 –

−

+2e

Ba+ P3O 39 – → BaP3O 39 – +2e− 4– Ba+ P4 O12

2– → BaP4 O12

−

+2e

Ba+ S2 O 32 – →BaS2O3+2e− −

+

−

Ba+formate →Ba formate +2e , Na(formate), Ba(IO3)2 sat. Ba+acetate−→Ba acetate++2e−, Na(acetate), Ba(IO3)2 sat. Ba+bromoacetate−→Ba bromoacetate++2e− Ba+propionate−→Ba propionate++2e−, Na propionate, Ba(IO3)2 sat. Ba+n-butyrate−→Ba n-butyrate++2e−, Na n-butyrate, Ba(IO3)2 sat. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

0.25 0.285 0.559 –2.92

Ba→Ba2++2e−, acidic Ba(Hg)→Ba2++Hg+2e− Ba(Hg)→Ba2++Hg+2e− Ba(Hg)→Ba2++Hg+2e− Ba(Hg)→Ba2++Hg+2e− Ba(Hg)→Ba2++Hg+2e− BaCaO3+Pb→Ba2++PbCO3+2e−, BaCl2 Ba+ Fe(CN) 64 –

0.245

−

Arsenic (As)

Ba(Hg) Ba(Hg) Ba(Hg) Ba(Hg) Ba(Hg)

T [K]

283.15 298.15 313.15 328.15 343.15

6

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Ba

Ba+glycolate−→Ba glycolate++2e−, Na glycolate, Ba glycolate, Ba(IO3)2 sat. Ba+lactate−→Ba lactate++2e−, Na lactate, Ba(IO3)2 sat.

–2.933

Ba+fumarate2−→Ba fumarate+2e− Ba+malate2−→Ba malate+2e−

–2.959 –2.971

Ba+maleate2−→Ba maleate+2e− Ba+tartrate2−→Ba tartrate+2e− Ba+malonate2−→Ba malonate+2e−

–2.979 –2.987 –2.968

Ba+iso-phthalate2−→Ba isophthalate+2e− Ba+pivalate−→Ba pivalate++2e−, Na pivalate, Ba(IO3)2 sat. Ba+valerate−→Ba valerate++2e−, Na valerate, Ba(IO3)2 sat. Ba+adipate2−→Ba adipate+2e−

–2.958 –2.914 –2.918 –2.965

Ba+succinate2−→Ba succinate+2e−

–2.968

Ba+glutarate2−→Ba glutarate+2e− Ba+alanine→Ba alanine2++2e−, alanine, Ba(IO3)2 sat. Ba+glycine→Ba glycine2++2e−, glycine, Ba(IO3)2 sat. Ba+8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−→ Ba(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)+2e−, NaOH, BaCl2, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−

–2.972 –2.935 –2.934 –2.980

Beryllium (Be) Bismuth (Bi)

Cadmium (Cd)

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

–2.942

52Col1, 54Dav1 52Col1, 54Dav2 54Dav1 54Dav1, 51Bel 54Dav1 54Dav1 51Pea, 49Sto 54Dav1 52Col1 52Col1 54Dav1, 51Pea 54Dav1, 51Pea 51Pea 40Top 51Mon3 54Näs

Be→Be2++2e−

1.7

Bi→Bi3++3e−

–1.7

Bi→Bi3++3e−, HCl, BiOCl Bi+H2O→BiO−+2H++e−

0.200 0.32

Bi+Cl−+H2O→BiOCl+H2+e−, HClO4, HCl

0.1697

2+

−

Cd→Cd +2e Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e−

288.15 293.15 298.15 303.15 308.15

–0.401 –0.401 –0.402 –0.402 –0.402 –0.400

Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e−

–0.4026 273.15 –0.4006 278.15 –0.4010 283.15 –0.4013

52Lat, 27Lat 52Lat, 27Lat 47Cup 23Smi, 23Swi 69Vas 79Lon1 79Lon1 79Lon1 79Lon1 79Lon1 46Gap, 34Shr1, 36Har1, 33LaM, 23Lew 58Tre1 36Har1 36Har1 36Har1 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg)

7

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e− Cd→Cd2++2e−, acidic Cd(Hg)→Cd2++Hg+2e− Cd(Hg)→Cd2++Hg+2e− Cd(Hg)→Cd2++Hg+2e− Cd(Hg)→Cd2++Hg+2e− Cd(Hg)→Cd2++Hg+2e− Cd→Cd2++2e−, CdCl2, Cd(ClO4)2, HClO4

288.15 293.15 298.15 303.15 308.15 313.15

–0.4016 –0.4018 –0.4020 –0.4021 –0.40022 –0.4026 –0.4029 –0.379 –0.379 –0.379 –0.380 –0.380 –0.4030

36Har1 36Har1 36Har1 36Har1 36Har1 36Har1 72Moo 79Lon1 79Lon1 79Lon1 79Lon1 79Lon1 58Tre1, 58Tre2, 66Bur 57Kiv 57Kiv 57Kiv

288.15 293.15 298.15 303.15 308.15

Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg)

Cd+Br−→CdBr++2e− Cd+2Br−→CdBr2+2e− Cd+3Br−→ CdBr3– +2e−

–0.469 –0.492 –0.482

Cd(Hg)

Cd+4Br−→ CdBr4– +2e−

–0.489

57Kiv 53Van 53Van 53Van

−

+

−

Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg)

Cd+Cl →CdCl +2e , NaCl, HClO4, Cd(ClO4)2 Cd+2Cl−→CdCl2+2e−, NaCl, HClO4, Cd(ClO4)2 Cd+3Cl−→ CdCl 3– +2e−, NaCl, HClO4, Cd(ClO4)2

–0.463 –0.483 –0.468

Cd(Hg)

2Cd+ Fe(CN) 64 – →Cd2Fe(CN)6+2e−, Li4Fe(CN)6

–0.6205

57Bas

Cd+ S2 O 32 – →CdS2O3+2e− CdCl2, BaS2O3

–0.520

51Den

–0.594 –0.547 –0.667

51Den 55Eva 55Eva

Cd+glycylglycine→Cd glycylglycine2++2e−, glycylglycine, Cd(ClO4)2

–0.502

55Eva

Cd+2glycylglycine→Cd(glycylglycine) 22+ +2e−, glycylglycine, Cd(ClO4)2 Cd+glycylglycylglycine→Cd glycylglycylglycine2++2e−, glycylglycylglycine, Cd(ClO4)2

–0.578

55Eva

–0.501

55Eva

Cd+2glycylglycylglycine→CD(glycylglycylglycine) 22+ +2e−, glycylglycylglycine, Cd(ClO4)2 Cd+8-hydroquinoline-5-sulfonate2−→ Cd(8-hydroquinoline-5-sulfonate)+2e−, NaOH, Cd(ClO4)2, 8-hydroquinoline-5-sulfonic acid Cd+2(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−)→ Cd(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate) 22– +2e−, NaOH, Cd(ClO4)2, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid

–0.577

55Eva

–0.633

54Näs

–0.828

54Näs

Cd+2 S2 O 32 –

→ Cd(S2 O 3 ) 22 – 2+

−

+2e , CdCl2, Na2S2O3 −

Cd+glycine→Cd glycine +2e , glycine, Cd(ClO4)2 Cd+2glycine→Cd(glycine) 22+ +2e−, glycine, Cd(ClO4)2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

8

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Cd

Cd+oxalate2−→Cd oxalate+2e−, K2 oxalate

ESHE [V]

Ref.

–0.522

51Bar

–0.572

51Bar

Ca→Ca +2e

–2.84

Ca→Ca2++2e−, acidic Ca(Hg)→Ca2++Hg+2e− Ca(Hg)→Ca2++Hg+2e− Ca(Hg)→Ca2++Hg+2e− Ca(Hg)→Ca2++Hg+2e− Ca(Hg)→Ca2++Hg+2e− CaCaO3+Pb→Ca2++PbCO3+2e−, CaCl2

–2.866 –1.995 –2.003 –2.011 –2.018 –2.024 –2.868

52Lat, 34Lat 72Moo 75Lon2 75Lon2 75Lon2 75Lon2 75Lon2 62Jak2

Ca+ HPO 24 – →CaHPO4+2e−

–2.948

53Dav

Ca+ H 2 PO 4– → CaH 2 PO +4 +2e−

–2.900

53Dav

–2.971

49Dav1, 49Jon

4– 2– Ca+ P4 O12 → CaP4 O12 +2e−

–3.021

Ca+OH−→CaOH++2e− Ca+2OH−→Ca(OH)2+2e−, basic

–2.906 –3.02

49Dav1, 50Jon 53Bel 72Moo

Ca+ SO 24 – →CaSO4+2e−

–2.936

53Bel

Ca+ S2 O 32 – →CaS2O3+2e−

–2.926

Ca+formate−→Ca formate++2e− Ca+acetate−→Ca acetate++2e− Ca+trimethylacetate−→Ca trimethylacetate++2e− Ca+methoxyacetate−→Ca methoxyacetate++2e− Ca+bromoacetate−→Ca bromoacetate++2e−, Ca(IO3)2 sat., Na bromoacetate Ca+propionate−→Ca propionate++2e− Ca+malate2−→Ca malate+2e−

–2.892 –2.891 –2.884 –2.901 –2.884

49Dav2, 55Gim 52Col1 52Col1 50Jon 38Dav 52Col1

2−

Cd+2oxalate Calcium (Ca) Ca(Hg) Ca(Hg) Ca(Hg) Ca(Hg) Ca(Hg)

2+

Ca+ P3O 39 –

→Cd(oxalate) 22– +2e−,

T [K]

K2 oxalate

−

→ CaP3O 9–

−

+2e

Ca+maleate2−→Ca maleate+2e− Ca+malonate2−→Ca malonate+2e− Ca+n-valerate−→Ca n-valerate++2e− Ca+iso-valerate−→Ca iso-valerate++2e− Ca+fumarate2−→Ca fumarate+2e− Ca+n-butyrate−→Ca n-butyrate++2e−, Ca(IO3)2 sat., Na n-butyrate Ca+iso-butyrate−→Ca iso-butyrate++2e−, Ca(IO3)2 sat., Na iso-butyrate Ca+glycolate−→Ca glycolate++2e− Ca+tartrate2−→Ca tartrate+2e− Ca+adipate2−→Ca adipate+2e−

283.15 298.15 313.15 328.15 343.15

–2.888 –2.942 –2.940 –3.608 –2.877 –2.877 –2.927 –2.884

52Col1 40Top, 51Bel 40Top 35Win 52Col1 52Col1 40Top 52Col1

–2.883

52Col1

–2.915 –2.951 –3.468

38Dav 40Top 40Top

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

9

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

T [K]

Ca+glutamate2−→Ca glutamate+2e−, Ca(IO3)2 sat., Na2 glutamate Ca+hippurate−→Ca hippurate++2e−, Na hippurate Ca+mandelate−→Ca mandelate++2e− Ca+salicylate2−→Ca salicylate+2e−,NaOH, CaCl2, salicylic acid Ca+pyruvate−→Ca pyruvate++2e− Ca+isophthalate2−→Ca isophthalate+2e− Ca+succinate2−→Ca succinate+2e− Ca+glycylglycine→Ca glycylglycine2++2e− Ca+alanylglycine→Ca alanylglycine2++2e− Ca+leucylglycine→Ca leucylglycine2++2e−, Na leucylglycine Ca+tyrosine→Ca tyrosine2++2e− Ca+serine→Ca serine2++2e−, Ca(IO3)2 sat., Na serine Ca+di-iodotyrosine→Ca di-iodotyrosine2++2e−, Ca(IO3)2 sat., Na di-iodotyrosine Ca+aminoacetate→Ca aminoacetate2++2e−

ESHE [V]

Ref.

–2.928

50Dav

–2.881 –2.911 –2.881

50Dav 38Dav 38Dav, 51Bel 50Dav 40Top 40Top 50Dav 50Dav 50Dav

–2.900 –2.927 –2.927 –2.904 –2.887 –2.889

Ca+α-aminopropionate→Ca(α-aminopropionate)2++2e−, Na(α-aminopropionate) Ca+8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−→ Ca(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)+2e−, NaOH, CaCl2, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−

–2.904

50Dav 50Dav 50Dav, 35Win 52Col1, 50Dav, 38Dav 50Dav

–2.972

54Näs

Cerium

Ce+Br−→CeBr2++e−, Ce(ClO4)3,NaBr

–2.92

51May

(Ce)

Ce+ ClO 4–

Ce+F →CeF +e

–2.521 –2.563

55Hei 53Kur

Ce+ PO 34– →CePO4+3e−, CeCl3, NaH2PO4

–2.853

50May

Ce+ P2 O 74 – →Ce(P2O7)−+3e−, CeCl3, NaH2PO4

–2.825

50May

–2.641

50May

Ce+(2,4-dinitrophenate) →Ce(2,4-dinitrophenate) +3e Ce+picrate−→Ce picrate2++3e− Ce3+→Ce4++e−, acidic

–2.555 –2.504 –2.504 1.61

54Spe 55Bab 55Bab 72Moo

Cs→Cs++e−

–2.92

26Mai, 39Ben 72Moo 72Mus 72Mus 72Mus 72Mus 72Mus

→ CeClO 24 +

−

Ce+ SO 32 –

2+

–2.912 –2.910 –2.913 –2.887

−

+3e , Ce(ClO4)3, Na ClO4, HClO4

−

→ CeSO 3+ +3e−,

CeCl3, HCl, NaH2SO3

Ce+ SO 24 – → CeSO +4 +3e−, Ce2(SO4)3, HCl, NaH2SO3 −

Cesium (Cs) Cs(Hg) Cs(Hg) Cs(Hg) Cs(Hg) Cs(Hg)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Cs→Cs++e−, acidic Cs(Hg)→Cs++Hg+e− Cs(Hg)→Cs++Hg+e− Cs(Hg)→Cs++Hg+e− Cs(Hg)→Cs++Hg+e− Cs(Hg)→Cs++Hg+e−

2+

−

283.15 298.15 313.15 328.15 343.15

–2.923 –1.919 –1.950 –1.979 –2.006 –2.035

10

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Chromium (Cr)

Cr→Cr2++2e− Cr→Cr3++3e− Cr2+→Cr3++e−

T [K]

2Cr3++7H2O→ Cr2 O 72 – +14H++6e−, Cr2(SO4)3, H2CrO4, H2SO4 2Cr

3+

+7H2O→ Cr2 O 72 –

−

+

+14H +6e

2Cr3++7H2O→ Cr2 O 72 – +14H++6e−, acidic Cr(CN) 64 –

→ Cr(CN) 36 –

−

+e

2−

[Cr(II)-trans-1,2-cyclohexandiaminetetraacetate] → [Cr(II)-trans-1,2-cyclohexandiaminetetraacetate]2−, NaCl, acetate buffer Cobalt (Co)

Co→Co2++2e− Co→Co2++2e−, CoSO4 2Co+ Fe(CN)64 – Co+ S2 O 32 – 2+

Ref.

–0.56 –0.71 –0.41

27Gru 52Lat 27Gru

1.232

46Dig

1.36

52Lat, 25Neu

1.33

72Moo

–1.28 1.198

43Hum 70Tan

–0.283

32Hey, 34Har1, 10Sch2 66Gol

–0.28 −

→Co2Fe(CN)6+4e −

→CoS2O3+2e , CoCl2, BaS2O3 −

3+

ESHE [V]

Co →Co +e , H2SO4 Co2+→Co3++e−, acidic

0.2691 –0.337 1.83 1.808

−

Co(CN) 64 –

→ Co(CN) 36 –

2Co(CO) 4–

→[Co(CO)4]2+2e−, NaCo(CO)4, [Co(CO)4]2

+e

293 Co2O3+2OH →2CoO2+H2O+2e , NaOH, Na2CO3, Na2B4O7 291 Co(OH)2+2OH−→ CoO 2– +2H2O+e−, KOH, Co(OH)2 −

−

−

2−

Co+malonate →Co malonate+2e , CoCl2, NaH malonate Co+2(oxalate)2−→Co(oxalate) 22 – +2e−, Co oxalate, K2 oxalate Co(oxalate) 34 – →Co(oxalate) 33 – +e−, KCl Co oxalate2(H2O) 22 – →Co oxalate2(H2O) 2– +e−, KCl 2+

−

Co+alanine→Co alanine +2e , CoCl2, alanine, NaOH Co+2alanine→[Co alanine2]2++2e−, CoCl2, alanine, NaOH Co+glycine→Co glycine2++2e−, CoCl2, glycine, NaOH Co+2glycine→[Co glycine2]2++2e−, CoCl2, glycine, NaOH Co+glycylglycine→Co glycylglycine2++2e−, CoCl2, glycylglycine, NaOH Co+2glycylglycine→[Co glycylglycine2]2++2e−, CoCl2, glycylglycine, NaOH Co+glycylglycylglycine→Co(glycylglycylglycine)2++2e−, CoCl2, glycylglycylglycine, NaOH Co+2glycylglycylglycine→[Co glycylglycylglycine2]2++2e−, CoCl2, glycylglycylglycine, NaOH

66Mal2 51Den 58Ver, 63Che 72Moo

–0.83

26Lie

–0.40 0.58

53Hie 50ElW2

0.22 –0.380

67Bol 49Sto

–0.474

51Bar

0.57

67Hin

0.78 –0.419 –0.527 –0.431 –0.550 –0.380

67Hin 51Mon4 51Mon4 51Mon4 51Mon4 51Mon4

–0.450

51Mon4

–0.365

55Eva

–0.442

55Eva

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4) Co(phenanthroline) 32 + →Co(phenanthroline) 33 + +e−, Co(phenanthroline) 33 +

Co(phenanthroline) 32 +

, , 2− HClCo+8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate → Co 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate+2e−, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−, NaOH, Co(NO3)2 Co+2(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-(sulfonate)2−)→ [Co 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2]2−+2e−, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−, NaOH, Co(NO3)2 Co propylenediaminetetraacetate2−→ Co propylenediaminetetraacetate−+e−, KNO3, Co propylenediaminetetraacetate2−, Co propylenediaminetetraacetate− Co trimethylenediaminetetraacetate2−→ Co trimethylenediaminetetraacetate−+e−, KNO3, Co trimethylenediaminetetraacetate2−, Co trimethylenediaminetetraacetate− [Co diethylenediamine2]2+→[Co diethylenediamine2]3++e−, KCl, [Co diethylenediamine2]2+, [Co diethylenediamine2]3+, diethylenediamine Co(dipyridyl) 32 + →Co(dipyridyl) 33 + +e−, Co(NO3)2, 2,2'-dipyridyl, monochloroacetic acid+ammonia buffer Co(EDTA)2−→Co(EDTA)−+e−, KNO3, Co(EDTA)−, Co(EDTA)2−, acetate buffer [Co ethylenediamine3]2+→[Co ethylenediamine3]3++e−, [Co ethylenediamine3]Cl2, [Co ethylenediamine3]Cl3, KCl trans-[Co glycine3]−→trans-[Co glycine3] +e−, KCl Copper (Cu)

2+

−

Cu→Cu +2e

Cu→Cu2++2e−

Cu→Cu2++2e−, acidic Cu→Cu++e− Cu+→Cu2++e− Cu+→Cu2++e−, acidic Cu→Cu2++2e−, CuCl2 Cu→Cu2++2e−, CuSO4, 0.01 M Cu→Cu2++2e−, CuSO4, 0.1 M Cu→Cu2++2e−, CuSO4, 1 M Cu→Cu2++2e−, acidic

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

11 T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

0.419

72Lav

–0.537

54Näs

–0.746

54Näs

0.36

65Tan2

0.29

65Tan2

–0.232

71Bar3

0.31

61Vyd

0.37

65Tan2

0.180

69Kim

0.20

67Hin

0.337

52Lat, 59Par 0.345 31Bur, 14Lew1, 41Mül, 42Mül, 27Nie, 38Qui 0.337 72Moo 0.52 26Fen 0.167 26Fen, 52Lat 0.153 72Moo 0.3352 74Gro 0.268 5) 61Hur2 0.291 5) 61Hur2 0.311 5) 61Hur2 0.3419 64Bet

12

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Cu

Cu+Br−→CuBr++2e− Cu+2Br

−

−

→ Cu(Br) 2–

−

+e , 0.1 M KBr, 0.1 M KCl −

Cu+CN →CuCN+e

Cu+2CN−→ Cu(CN) 2– +e− Cu+4CN

−

→ Cu(CN)34 –

−

+e

2Cu+ Fe(CN)64 – →Cu2Fe(CN)6+4e− Cu+ 2IO3–

−

→Cu(IO3)2+2e

Cu+ N 3– →CuN3+e− −

2+

Cu+NH3→Cu(NH3) +2e

Cu+3NH3→ Cu(NH 3 ) 32 + +2e− Cu+ NO 2–

→ Cu(NO) +2

T [K]

ESHE [V] 0.343

50Näs

0.170 –0.639

02Böd 50Vla

–1.170

50Vla

–1.281

50Vla

–0.130

02Böd

–0.079

48Kee, 51Llo

0.03 –0.223

52Suz1 44Näs

0.025

−

+2e

Ref.

54Llo

Cu+OH →CuO+H2O+2e Cu+OH−→CuOH++2e− Cu+2OH−→Cu(OH)2+2e− 2Cu+2OH−→Cu2O+H2O+2e−

0.305 –0.262 0.153 –0.222 –0.360

3Cu+ 2PO 34 – →Cu3(PO4)2+6e−

0.325

50Bat

0.172

50Bat

0.204

50Bat

0.020

50Kor

0.274

38Owe1, 49Näs

–0.022 0.247 0.296 0.2835 0.276 0.255 0.282 0.268 0.153 0.257 –0.023

53Lev2 49Kee 49Kee 51Llo 51Llo 51Llo 51Llo 51Pea 30Ril 51Llo 55Pec

–0.233 0.203 0.199 0.190 0.226 0.243

53Pec 68Bon 31Ive 30Ril 51Pea 51Pea

−

−

Cu+ HPO 24 –

→CuHPO4+2e−

Cu+ 2H 2 PO 4–

−

→Cu(H2PO4)2+2e

Cu+4SCN−→ Cu(SCN) 34– Cu+ SO 24 –

+e−

−

→CuSO4+2e

Cu+ 2S2 O 32 – → Cu(S2 O 3 ) 22 – +2e− −

Cu+1-methylallylalcohol→Cu 1-methylallylalcohol+2e Cu+2-methylallylalcohol→Cu 2-methylallylalcohol+2e− Cu+formate−→Cu formate++2e− Cu+acetate−→Cu acetate++e− Cu+β-hydroxypropionate−→Cu β-hydroxypropionate++2e− Cu+n-hexanoate−→Cu n-hexanoate++e− Cu+fumarate2−→Cu fumarate+2e− Cu+2dimethylmalonate−→Cu dimethylmalonate2+2e− Cu+glycolate2−→Cu glycolate+2e− Cu+gluconate2−→Cu gluconate+2e− Cu+2(gluconate)2−→Cu gluconate 22 – +2e− Cu+malonate2−→Cu malonate+2e− Cu+dimethylmalonate→Cu dimethylmalonate2++2e− Cu+ethylmalonate2−→Cu ethylmalonate+2e− Cu+maleate2−→Cu maleate+2e− Cu+adipate2−→Cu adipate+2e−

46Kos 65Kha 51Dav1 65Kha 65Kha

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

13

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

ESHE [V]

Ref.

Cu+phenylacetate−→Cu phenylacetate++2e− Cu+pivalate−→Cu pivalate++2e− Cu+iso-valerate−→Cu iso-valerate++2e− Cu+n-valerate−→Cu n-valerate++2e− Cu+6-methylpicolinate−→Cu 6-methylpicolinate++2e− Cu+2(6-methylpicolinate−)→Cu (6-methylpicolinate)2+2e− Cu+succinate2−→Cu succinate+2e− Cu+salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate−→ Cu salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate++2e− Cu+2salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate−→ Cu salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate2+2e− Cu+bromoacetate−→Cu bromoacetate++2e− Cu+α-bromobutyrate−→Cu α-bromobutyrate++2e− Cu+iso-bromobutyrate−→Cu iso-bromobutyrate++2e− Cu+n-bromobutyrate−→Cu n-bromobutyrate++2e− Cu+chloroacetate−→Cu chloroacetate++2e− Cu+1,2-diaminopropane→Cu 1,2-diaminopropane2++2e−

0.284 0.281 0.284 0.276 0.155 –0.010 0.243 0.284

51Llo 51Llo 51Llo 51Llo 55Hol 55Hol 51Pea 48Cal

0.067

48Cal

0.294 0.299 0.278 0.216 0.294 0.0294

51Llo 51Llo 51Llo 51Llo 51Llo 54Bas

Cu+2(1,2-diaminopropane)→Cu 1,2-diaminopropane 22 + +2e− Cu+1,3-diaminopropane→Cu 1,3-diaminopropane2++2e−

–0.268 0.051

54Bas 55Pou, 54Irv

Cu+2(1,3-diaminopropane)→Cu 1,3-diaminopropane 22 + +2e−

–0.163

55Pou, 54Irv

Cu+2(ethylenediamine)→Cu ethylenediamine +2 +e− Cu+EDTA →Cu EDTA +2e Cu+alanine→Cu alanine2++2e−

–0.119 –0.216 0.092

48Bje 53Pec 48Kee, 51Mon1

Cu+2alanine→Cu alanine 22 + +2e−

–0.118

48Kee, 51Mon1 48Kee, 51Mon1

4−

−

2−

Cu+glycine→Cu glycine2++2e−

0.092

Cu+2 glycine→Cu glycine 22 + +2e−

–0.123

Cu+glycylglycine→Cu glycylglycine2++2e− Cu+2 glycylglycine→Cu

glycylglycine 22 +

−

+2e

2+

−

Cu+glycylglycylglycine→Cu glycylglycylglycine +2e

Cu+2 glycylglycylglycine→Cu glycylglycylglycine 22 + +2e− −

2+

Cu+leucine→Cu leucine +2e

Cu+2leucine→Cu leucine 22 + +2e− Cu+valine→Cu valine2++2e− Cu+2valine→Cu

valine 22 +

Cu+2histidine→Cu

−

+2e

histidine 22 +

+2e

2+

−

−

Cu+norvaline→Cu norvaline +2e

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T [K]

0.163

48Kee, 51Mon1 51Mon1

–0.004 0.182

51Mon1 55Eva

0.030 0.109 –0.083

55Eva 49Mal1 49Mal1

0.095

52Reb

–0.114

52Reb

0.023 0.085

50Mal 52Reb

14

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Cu

Cu+2norvaline→Cu norvaline 22 + +2e− 2+

−

Cu+ornithine→Cu ornithine +2e

Cu+2ornithine→Cu ornithine 22 + +2e− Cu+8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate−→ Cu 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate++2e− Cu+2(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)−→ Cu 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2+2e− Dy2+→Dy3++e−

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

–0.124 0.138

52Reb 52Reb

–0.028 –0.100

52Reb 49Mal1, 54Näs 49Mal1, 54Näs

–0.308 1.7

72Ten

1.6

72Ten

+3e

–2.368

54Spe

Europium (Eu) Gadolinium

Eu →Eu +e , Eu(ClO4)3, HCOOH, NaClO4

–0.36

65Mac

Gd+F−→GdF2++3e−

–2.482

53Kur

(Gd)

Gd+ SO 24 –

–2.470

54Spe

Ga→Ga +3e , GaCl3, HCl, Ga(ClO4)3, HClO4 Ga→Ga3++3e− Ga+Cl−→GaCl2++3e−, GaCl3, HCl

–0.560 –0.52 –0.548

53Sal 32Sch 54Kra

Ga+2Cl−→ GaCl +2 +3e−, GaCl3, HCl

–0.514 –0.471

54Kra 54Kra

Ga+F →GaF +3e

–0.447 –0.676

54Kra 52Yat

Ga+4OH−→ GaOH 4– +3e−, KGaOH4, KOH

Dysprosium (Dy) Erbium

Er2+→Er3++e−

(Er)

Er+ SO 24 –

Gallium (Ga)

2+

→ ErSO +4

−

−

3+

→ GdSO +4 +3e−,

Gd2(SO4)3

−

3+

−

−

Ga+3Cl → GaCl3+3e , GaCl3, HCl Ga+4Cl−→ GaCl 4– +3e−, GaCl3, HCl −

−

2+

–1.326

67Van

Germanium (Ge)

−

Ge→Ge +2e , H2SO4 Ge→Ge4++4e−, H2SO4 Ge2+→Ge4++2e−, H2SO4 GeO(brown)+H2O→GeO2(white, hexag.)+2H++2e−, HCl

0.24 0.124 0.0 –0.118

65Rei 65Rei 65Rei 52Jol

Gold (Au)

Au→Au++e− Au→Au3++3e− Au+→Au3++2e− Au+2Br−→ AuBr2– +e−, HBr

1.7 1.42 1.2

52Lat 52Lat 29Abh

0.959

63Eva

Au+4Br → AuBr +3e , HBr

0.854

63Eva

AuBr2– +2Br−→ AuBr +2e−, HBr

Au+Br +OH →AuBrOH +e , KBr

0.802 0.63

63Eva 72Gad

Au+2Cl−→ AuCl2– +e−, HCl

1.1540

62Lin

Au+2Cl−→ AuCl2– +e−, HCl

1.1575

68Mur2

1.002

62Lin

0.926 0.75

62Lin 72Gad

2+

−

−

– 4

– 4

−

−

−

Au+4Cl

→ AuCl4–

−

−

−

+3e , HCl

AuCl2– +2Cl−→ AuCl4– +2e−, HCl −

−

−

−

Au+Cl +OH →AuClH +e , NaCl

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

15 T [K]

Au+2I−→ AuI 2– +e−

ESHE [V]

Ref.

2Au+3H2O→Au2O3+6H +6e , H2SO4

0.578 1.36

69Ere 66Hoa

Au+2NH3→ Au(NH 3 ) +2 +e−, NH4NO3, [Au(NH3)4](NO3)2

0.563

74Ski

Au+4NH3→ Au(NH 3 ) 34+

0.325

74Ski

Au(NH3 ) +2 +2NH3→ Au(NH3 ) 34+ +2e−, NH4NO3, [Au(NH3)4](NO3)2

0.206

74Ski

Au+2OH−→ Au(OH) 2– +e−

0.4

72Gad

0.661

71DeC

0.623

66Pou

0.636

66Pou

0.153

69Pou

−

+

−

+3e , NH4NO3,

[Au(NH3)4](NO3)2

Au+2SCN

−

−

→ Au(SCN) 2–

+e

Au(SCN) 2– +2SCN−→ Au(SCN) 4– +2e−

Au+4SCN

−

−

→ Au(SCN) 4–

+3e , HCl, KCl, NaSCN

Au+ S2 O 32 – → Au(S2 O 3 ) 32 – +e−, KCl, Na3[Au(S2O3)2] 2+

−

+

Hafnium (Hf) Holmium

Hf+H2O→HfO +2H +4e

(Ho)

Ho+ SO 24 –

Ho2+→Ho3++e− +

→ HoSO +4

−

+3e

−

–1.7

52Lat

1.7

72Ten

–2.391

54Spe

–0.340 –0.339 –0.339 –0.339 –0.339 –0.34

64But2 64But2 64But2 64But2 64But2 36Hat, 30Hak 64But2 53Hep 63Cav 53Hep 53Hep 54Hep

Indium (In)

In→In +e In→In++e− In→In++e− In→In++e− In→In++e− In→In3++e−

288.15 298.15 308.15 318.15 333.15

In(Hg)

In(Hg)→In++Hg+e− In→In++e−, InClO4, Ce(ClO4)3, HClO4 In→In3++3e−, InCl3, HCl In+→In2++e−, InClO4, Ce(ClO4)3, HClO4 In2+→In3++e−, InClO4, Ce(ClO4)3, HClO4 In+F−→InF2++3e−, InClO4, Fe(ClO4)2, Fe(ClO4)3, NaF, HClO4

298.15 –0.313 –0.14 –0.3382 –0.40 –0.49 –0.429

Iridium

Ir→Ir3++3e−

(Ir)

IrBr63 –

→ IrBr62 –

−

+e , NaBr

IrCl36 – → IrCl62 – +e−, K3IrCl6, HCl Ir(H 2 O)Cl 52 – → Ir(H 2 O)Cl5– +e−, (NH4)2[Ir(H2O)Cl5], HNO3 −

−

trans-[Ir(H2O)2Cl4] →trans-[Ir(H2O)2Cl4]+e , HClO4, NaH2PO4 Ir(H2O)3Cl3→[Ir(H2O)3Cl3]++e−, HClO4, HNO3 IrI36 –

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

→ IrI62 –

−

+e

1.0

52Lat

0.97

47Dwy2, 45Pti

0.8665

57Geo

1.0 1.22

65Cha 67ElA

1.30

67ElA

0.485

45Pti

16

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Iron (Fe)

ESHE [V]

Ref.

Fe→Fe2++2e−

–0.441

Fe→Fe2++2e−, acidic Fe→Fe3++3e−, acidic Fe→Fe2++2e−, FeCl2, FeSO4

–0.4402 –0.036 –0.447

Fe→Fe2++2e−, FeCl2 Fe2+→Fe3++2e−

–0.447 0.771

23Lew, 32Ran, 24Ric 72Moo 72Moo 53Pat, 51Bon 60Hur 60Mat, 37Sch, 45Bez, 72Moo 60Mat 60Mat

T [K]

3Fe2++4H2O→Fe3O4+8H++2e− 3Fe2++3H2O→FeOH3+3H++e−

1.230 0.939

Fe(CN)64 – → Fe(CN)36 – +e−

0.358

67Han, 68Mur1

Fe(CN)64 – → Fe(CN)36 – +e−

0.356

35Kol

0.69

72Moo

0.412

66Mal1

Fe(NH3 )(CN)35 – → Fe(NH3 )(CN)52 – +e−, Na3[Fe(NH3)(CN)5],Na2[Fe(NH3)(CN)5], H2SO4

–0.378

75Mal

Fe(H 2 O)(NO)35 – → Fe(H 2 O)(NO)52– +e−, K3[Fe(H2O)(CN)5]

–0.075

69Mas

–0.747

53Hie

–0.35

53Hie

0.340 0.380 0.360 0.445 0.362 –0.768

59Per 59Per 59Per 59Per 59Per 53Leu

Fe(CN)64 – → Fe(CN)36 – +e−, acidic Fe(H 2 O)(CN)35 –

3Fe(CO) 24 –

→ Fe(H 2 O)(CN)52 –

−

+e , K3[Fe(H2O)(CN)5]

−

→[Fe(CO)4]3+6e , Na2, Ba[Fe(CO)4], [Fe(CO)4]3

3FeH(CO) 4–

+

−

→[Fe(CO)4]3+3H +6e , Na2, Ba[Fe(CO)4],

[Fe(CO)4]3 Fe alanine2+→Fe alanine3++e−, KCl Fe glycine2+→Fe glycine3++e−, KCl Fe glycylglycine2+→Fe glycylglcine3++e−, KCl Fe hydroxyproline2+→Fe hydroxyproline3++e−, KCl Fe leucine2+→Fe leucine3++e−, KCl Fe+2 mercaptoacetate−→[Fe(mercaptoacetate)2]2–+2e−, FeCl2, mercaptoacetic acid Fe methionine2+→Fe methionine3++e−, KCl Fe ornithine2+→Fe ornithine3++e−, KCl Fe nitrilotriacetate−→ Fe nitrilotriacetate+e−, acetate or veronal buffer, KCl Fe α-amino-n-butyric acid2+→ Fe α-amino-n-butyric acid3++e−, KCl Fe α-amino-iso-butyric acid2+→ Fe α-amino-iso-butyric acid3++e−, KCl Fe arginine2+→Fe arginine3++e−, KCl Fe asparagine2+→Fe asparagine3++e−, KCl Fe proline2+→Fe proline3++e−, KCl

293 293 293 293 293

293 293 293

0.400 0.415 0.3295

59Per 59Per 51Sch2

293

0.370

59Per

293

0.345

59Per

293 293 293

0.420 0.440 0.395

59Per 59Per 59Per Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

17

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

T [K]

Fe (β-phenylalanine)2+→Fe (β -phenylalanine)3++e−, KCl Fe sarcosine2+→Fe sarcosine3++e−, KCl Fe serine2+→Fe serine3++e−, KCl Fe threonine2+→Fe threonine3++e−, KCl Fe tryptophan2+→Fe tryptophan3++e−, KCl Fe valine2+→Fe valine3++e−, KCl Fe aspartic acid2+→Fe aspartic acid3++e−, KCl Fe glutamic acid2+→Fe glutamic acid3++e−, KCl

293 293 293 293 293 293 293 293

Fe 2 cysteine2−→Fe cysteine 22 – +e−, FeCl2, cysteine 2+

−

Fe+dipyridyl→Fe dipyridyl +e , 2,2'-dipyridyl, FeCl2 [Fe(dipyridyl)3]2+→[Fe(dipyridyl)3]3++e−, HNO3 [Fe(2,2',2''-terpyridyl)2]2+→ [Fe(2,2',2''-terpyridyl)2]3++e−, H2SO4 Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)3++e−, H2SO4 298.5 Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ 3+ − Fe(1,10-phenanthroline) +e , HNO3,Fe(II,III)tris-o-orthophenanthroline Fe(5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ Fe(5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline)3++e−, H2SO4 Fe(5-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ Fe(5-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)3++e−, H2SO4 Fe(5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ Fe(5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline)3++e−, H2SO4 Fe(5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ Fe(5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline)3++e−, H2SO4 Fe(4,7-dihydroxyphenanthroline)3−→ Fe(4,7-dihydroxyphenanthroline)2−+e− Fe(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ Fe(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)3++e−, LiClO4 [Fe(dipyridyl)(CN)4]2–→[Fe(dipyridyl)(CN)4]–+e−, HCl, Fe(II,III)dipyridyl(CN)4 [Fe(dipyridyl)2(CN)2]→[Fe(dipyridyl)2(CN)2]++e−, H2SO4 [Fe(pyridine-2-aldoxime)3]+→[Fe(pyridine-2-aldoxime)3]2++e−, 293 Fe(II,III)(pyridine-2-aldoxime)3, NaOH, NaCl, NaH2PO4 [Fe(pyridine-2,6-dialdoxime)2]2– [Fe(pyridine-2,6-dialdoxime)2]2–→ [Fe(pyridine-2,6-dialdoxime)2]–+e− Fe(EDTA)2−→Fe(EDTA)−+e−, phosphate or acetate buffer Ferrocene→Ferrocinium+e− Methylferrocene→Methylferricinium++e− Ethylferrocene→Ethylferricinium++e− 1-Methyl-2-ethylferrocene→1-Methyl-2-ethylferricinium++e− 1-Methyl-3-ethylferrocene→1-Methyl-3-ethylferricinium++e− Propylferrocene→Propylferricinium++e− Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

ESHE [V]

0.415 0.380 0.405 0.430 0.415 0.380 0.330 0.240

Ref. 59Per 59Per 59Per 59Per 59Per 59Per 59Per 59Per

–0.793 –0.571 1.120 –0.927

55Tan 49Kru 59Geo 54Dwy

1.06

52Bra

1.147

59Geo

1.02

52Bra

1.08

52Bra

1.12

52Bra

1.25

52Bra

–0.20

67Han

0.936

66Far

0.541

59Geo

0.776 0.348

63Sch2 68Han

0.204

66Han

0.1172 0.400 0.082 0.081 0.098 0.097 0.079

51Sch1 78Lag 62Gub 62Gub 65Nes 65Nes 62Gub

18

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Fe

iso-Propylferrocene→iso-Propylferricinium++e− Vinylferrocene→Vinylferricinium++e− Methoxyferrocene→Methoxyferricinium++e− Acetylferrocene→Acetylferricinium++e− Phenylferrocene→Phenylferricinium++e− Phenylmethoxyethylferrocene→ Phenylmethoxyphenylferricinium++e− Aminoferrocene hydrochloride→ Aminoferrocene+hydrochloride+e− m-Aminophenylferrocene→m-Aminophenylferricinium++e− p-Aminophenylferrocene→p-Aminophenylferricinium++e− Trimethylferrocenylmethylammonium+→ Trimethylferrocenylmethylammonium2++e− m-Nitrophenylferrocene→m-Nitrophenylferricinium++e− p-Nitrophenylferrocene→p-Nitrophenylferricinium++e− m-Phenylazophenylferrocene→ m-Phenylazophenylferricinium++e− Benzoxyferrocene→Benzoxyferricinium++e− (2'-Bromoaminoethyl)ferrocene→ (2'-Bromoaminoethyl)ferricinium++e− Butenylferrocene→Butenylferricinium++e− Carbacylferrocene→Carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Methyl-1'-carbacylferrocene→ 1-Methyl-1'-carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Methyl-2-carbacylferrocene→ 1-Methyl-2-carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Methyl-3-carbacylferrocene→ 1-Methyl-3-carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Ethyl-1'-carbacylferrocene→ 1-Ethyl-1'-carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Ethyl-2-carbacylferrocene→ 1-Ethyl-2-carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Ethyl-3-carbacylferrocene→ 1-Ethyl-3-carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Phenyl-1'-carbacylferrocene→ 1-Phenyl-1'-carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Phenyl-2-carbacylferrocene→ 1-Phenyl-2-carbacylferricinium++e− 1-Ethyl-2-hydroxyethylferrocene→ 1-Ethyl-2-hydroxyethylferricinium++e− 1'-Hydroxyethylferrocene→1'-Hydroxyethylferricinium++e− Hydroxymethylferrocene→Hydroxymethylferricinium++e− p-Carbacylphenyl ferrocene→ p-Carbacylphenyl ferricinium++e− Carbomethoxyferrocene→Carbomethoxyferricinium++e−

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

0.082 0.000 0.114 –0.044 –0.004 –0.022

62Gub 62Gub 62Gub 62Gub 62Gub 62Gub

–0.280

62Gub

–0.056 –0.061 0.659

62Gub 62Gub 66L'vo

–0.078 –0.110 –0.049

62Gub 62Gub 62Gub

–0.056 –0.022

62Gub 62Gub

0.069 –0.204 –0.179

62Gub 62Gub 65Nes

–0.157

65Nes

–0.188

65Nes

–0.277

65Nes

–0.164

65Nes

–0.188

65Nes

–0.271

65Nes

–0.262

65Nes

–0.020

65Nes

0.003 –0.029 –0.111

62Gub 62Gub 62Gub

–0.231

62Gub

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Lanthanum (La)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

ESHE [V]

Ref.

Carboxyferrocene→Carboxyferricinium++e− Carboxmethylferrocene→Carboxymethylferricinium++e− Chloroferrocene→Chloroferricinium++e− Chloromercuryferrocene→Chloromercuryferricinium++e− Bromoferrocene→Bromoferricinium++e− Iodoferrocene→Iodoferricinium++e− (2'-Dimethylaminoethyl)ferrocene→ (2'-Dimetylaminoethyl)ferricinium++e− (2-Dimethylaminoethyl)ferrocene→ (2-Dimetylaminoethyl)ferricinium++e−

–0.219 –0.008 –0.128 –0.002 –0.130 –0.104 –0.016

62Gub 62Gub 62Gub 62Gub 62Gub 62Gub 62Gub

–0.165

62Gub

La→La3++3e−

–2.4

52Lat

–2.597

La+ Co(CN) 36 –

−

→LaCo(CN)6+3e

La+F−→LaF2++3e−

–2.592

La+ Fe(CN)36 – →LaFe(CN)6+3e−

–2.594

48Dav

La+ Fe(CN)36 – →LaFe(CN)6+3e−, LaFe(CN)6, glycine

–2.594

51Dun

La+ Fe(CN)36 – →LaFe(CN)6+3e−,

–2.594

53Ber2

–2.636

49Mon3

–2.655

49Mon3

La+ SO 24 – → LaSO +4 +3e−, La2(SO4)3

–2.596

La+adipate2−→La adipate++3e−, NaH adipate, LaCl3 La+fumarate2−→La fumarate++3e−, NaH fumarate, LaCl3 La+glutarate2−→La glutarate++3e−, NaH glutarate, LaCl3 La+malonate2−→La malonate++3e−, NaH malonate, LaCl3 La+phthalate2−→La phthalate++3e−, NaH phthalate, LaCl3 La+picrate−→ La picrate2++3e−

–2.604 –2.582 –2.598 –2.620 –2.633 –2.543

50Jen, 52Jon, 54Spe 51Pea 51Pea 51Pea 51Pea 51Pea 55Bab

La+2(picrate)−→La picrate +2 +3e− La+succinate →La succinate +3e , NaH succinate, LaCl3

–2.586 –2.601

55Bab 51Pea

Pb→Pb2++2e−

–0.126

Pb→Pb2++2e−, PbCl2 Pb→Pb2++2e−, Pb(ClO4)2, NaClO4 Pb→Pb2++2e−, Pb(ClO4)2, HClO4 Pb2+→Pb4++2e−, Pb(HCOO)2, Pb(HCOO)4, HClO4 Pb+Br−→PbBr++2e−, PbBr2

–0.1262 –0.1262 –0.1237 1.67 –0.174

61Ive, 38Har1, 22Ger, 30Ger, 30Ran, 38Lin, 39Har1, 72Moo 67Tou 37Far 71Vas2 62Ber 55Nan

4– La+ P4 O12

–

LaFe(CN)6

−

→La(P4O12) +3e

2−

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T [K]

47Jam, 50Jam 64Rao

La+ P3O 39 – →LaP3O9+3e−

Lead (Pb)

19

+

−

20

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Pb

Pb+Br−→PbBr++2e−, KBr, Pb(ClO4)2

ESHE [V]

Ref.

–0.174

55Big

Pb+2Cl →PbCl2+2e , KCl Pb+2OH−→PbO+H2O+2e−, basic

–0.509 –0.2675 –0.577

72Moo 64Alt 64Bet

Pb+3OH−→ HPbO 2– +H2O+2e−, NaOH

–0.537

54Vle

273

–0.3335

61Ive

285.5

–0.3448

61Ive

298

–0.3563

61Ive

310.5

–0.3680

61Ive

Pb+ SO 24 – →PbSO4+2e−

323

–0.3802

61Ive

−

273

–0.3281

61Ive

−

Pb+ CO 32 –

→PbCO3+2e , basic

−

−

Pb+ SO 24 – →PbSO4+2e− Pb+ SO 24 –

−

→PbSO4+2e

Pb+ SO 24 – →PbSO4+2e− Pb+ SO 24 – Pb(Hg)

Pb+ SO 24 –

−

→PbSO4+2e →PbSO4+2e

Pb+ SO 24 – →PbSO4+2e−

285.5

–0.3392

61Ive

−

298

–0.3505

61Ive

Pb+ SO 24 – →PbSO4+2e−

298

–0.351

35Har, 34Shr2

Pb+ SO 24 – →PbSO4+2e−

310.5

–0.3619

61Ive

Pb+ SO 24 – →PbSO4+2e−

323

–0.3738

61Ive

Li→Li +e

–3.00

Li→Li++e− Li→Li++e−, acidic Li→Li++e− Li→Li++e− Li→Li++e− Li+glycolate2−→Li(glycolate)−+e− Li+lactate2−→Li(lactate)−+e− Li(Hg)→Li++Hg+e−, LiOH Li(Hg)→Li++Hg+e− Li(Hg)→Li++Hg+e− Li(Hg)→Li++Hg+e−

–3.0388 –3.045 –3.034 –3.042 –3.049 –3.033 –3.052 –3.0401 –2.184 –2.195 –2.205

52Lat, 31Lar, 31Lew, 23Lew 83Maz 72Moo 77Ron 77Ron 77Ron 54Dav1 54Dav2 68Hus 77Lon2 77Lon2 77Lon2

–2.38 –2.363 –2.372

45Coa 72Moo 61Jak1

298.15 –1.980

75Lon2

Pb+ SO 24 –

Lithium (Li)

Li(Hg) Li(Hg) Li(Hg) Li(Hg) Magnesium (Mg)

Mg(Hg)

T [K]

+

→PbSO4+2e

−

283.15 298.15 313.15 288 288 288 283.15 298.15 313.15

Mg→Mg2++2e− Mg→Mg2++2e−, acidic Cd+Mg(OH)2→Cd(OH)2+Mg2++2e−, cadmium electrode, MgCl2 Mg(Hg)→Mg2++Hg+2e− Mg+ Fe(CN)64 –

→ MgFe(CN)62 –

−

+2e

–2.478

56Coh

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

21 ESHE [V]

Ref.

–2.384 –2.440

30Dav, 34Kil, 38Wis 48Sto

–2.437

48Sto

–2.515

50Jon

Mg+ SO 24 – →MgSO4+2e−

–2.430

Mg+lactate2−→Mg lactate+2e−, Mg lactate, HCl Mg+malonate2−→Mg malonate+2e−, Mg malonate, HCl Mg+oxalate2−→Mg oxalate+2e−, Mg oxalate, K2 oxalate Mg+glycolate2−→Mg glycolate+2e−, Mg glycolate, HCl Mg+glycine→Mg glycine2++2e−, MgCl2, NaOH, glycine Mg+glycylglycine→Mg glycylglycine2++2e−, MgCl2, NaOH, glycylglycine Mg+(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)2−→ Mg(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)+2e−, MgCl2, NaOH, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−

–2.404 –2.447 –2.493 –2.402 –2.465 –2.394

51Dun, 52Jon 54Dav2 52Eva 51Bar 54Dav1 51Mon2 51Mon2

–2.465

54Näs

Mn→Mn2++2e−

–1.05

23Cam1, 52Lat, 35San 65Cia 23Cam2 65Tan1 47Wit, 55Max 72Moo 62Cov 30Bro

T [K]

Mg+ IO3– → MgIO3+ +2e− Mg+OH−→MgOH++2e− Mg+ PO 34–

→ MgPO 4–

4– Mg+ P4 O12

Manganese (Mn)

−

+2e

2– → MgP4 O12

−

+2e

Mn2+→Mn3++1e−, Mn(ClO4)2, HClO4 Mn2+→Mn4++2e− Mn2++2H2O→MnO2+4H++2e− Mn2++2H2O→MnO2+4H++2e−, Mn(ClO4)2, HClO4 Mn2++2H2O→MnO2+4H++2e−, acidic Mn2++2H2O→MnO2+4H++2e−, MnCl2 Mn2++2H2O→MnO2+4H++2e− Mn+ P3O 39 – →Mn(P3O9)3−+2e−

1.23 1.224 1.236 –1.291

49Jon

→Mn(P4O12) +2e

–1.355

50Jon

Mn+ S2 O32 – →MnS2O3+2e−, MnCl2, BaS2O3

–1.243

51Den

–1.252

47Jam

–0.68

58Hie

4– Mn+ P4 O12

Mn+ S2 O 24 –

−

2−

−

→MnSO4+2e , MnCl2, BaS2O3

2Mn(CO)5– →[Mn(CO)5]2+2e−, NaMn(CO)5

MnO2+2H2O→ MnO 4–

+

−

+4H +3e

MnO 24 – → MnO 4– +1e−, KOH, K2MnO4, KMnO4 MnO 34 –

→ MnO 24 – 2−

−

+e , NaOH,NaClO4, KMnO4 −

Mn+malonate →Mn(malonate)+2e , Mg(malonate), HCl Mn+alanine→Mn(alanine)2++2e−, MnCl2, alanine, NaOH Mn+glycyne→Mn(glycyne)2++2e−, MnCl2, glycyne, NaOH

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

291

1.5415 1.465 1.224 1.224

1.679

65Tan1

0.558

56Car2

0.274 –1.282 –1.274 –1.286

67Sch2 51Den 51Mon4 51Mon4

22

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Mn

Mn+glycylglycyne→Mn(glycylglycyne)2++2e−, MnCl2, glycylglycyne, NaOH Mn+glycylglycylglycyne→Mn(glycylglycylglycyne)2++2e−, MnCl2,glycylglycylglycyne, NaOH [Mn trans-1,2-cyclohexanetetraacetate]2−→ [Mn trans-1,2-cyclohexanetetraacetate]−+e−, CH3COONa, Mn(ClO4)2, Na2H2trans-1,2-cyclohexanetetraacetate, K[Mn trans-1,2-cyclohexanetetraacetate] [Mn ethylenediaminetetraacetate]2−→ [Mn ethylenediaminetetraacetate]−+e−, Mn(ClO4)2, Na2H2ethylenediaminetetraacetate, K[Mn ethylenediaminetetraacetate] [Mn ethylenediaminetetraacetate]2−→ [Mn ethylenediaminetetraacetate]−+e−, acetate buffer, Na2H2ethylenediaminetetraacetate, K[Mn ethylenediaminetetraacetate] [Mn hydroxyethylenediaminetetraacetate]2−→ [Mn hydroxyethylenediaminetetraacetate]− + e−, Mn(ClO4)2, CH3COONa, NaClO4Na2H2hydroxyethylenediaminetetraacetate, K[Mn hydroxyethylenediaminetetraacetate] Mn+(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)2−→ Mn(8–hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)+2e−, MnCl2, NaOH, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−

Mercury (Hg)

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

–1.248

51Mon4

–1.227

55Eva

0.814

67Ham3

0.825

65Tan1

0.825

67Ham3

0.782

67Ham3

–1.390

54Näs

2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−

0.798

61Ive, 34Bra, 23Lew

2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−, Hg2(NO3)2

0.7973

53Bon

2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−, Hg2(ClO4)2

0.7973

50ElW1

2Hg→ Hg 22 +

0.7889

71Pan

2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−, Hg2Cl2

0.7973

63Mur

Hg 22 +

0.905

31Pop

0.92 0.854 0.13923 0.13956 0.1397 0.13921 0.13921

72Moo 72Moo 63Gup1 57Kor 40Lar 70Leu 40Dak

−

+2e , Hg2(ClO4)2, HClO4, NaClO4 2+

−

→2Hg +2e

Hg 22 + →2Hg2++2e−, acidic 2+

−

Hg→Hg +2e , acidic 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, HBr 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e− 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, KBr, KCl, KNO3 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, KBr E0 [V]=0.13925–0.186 10–3(T–25 °C)–0.32 10–5(T–25 °C)2 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, HBr E0 [V]=0.13925–0.186·10–3(T–25°C)–0.32·10–5(T–25°C)2 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m

0.13921 40Dak 278

0.14095 57Gup

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

T [K]

2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Br−→Hg2Br2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, acidic 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, HCl

283 288 293 298 303 308 313 318

2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e− 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

23

298 278 283 288 293 298 303 308 313 318 278 283 288 293 298 303 308 313 318 323 328 333 338 343 273 278 283 288 293

ESHE [V]

0.14078 0.14041 0.13985 0.13917 0.13836 0.13726 0.13627 0.13503 0.2679 0.26808

0.26796 0.26796 0.27286 0.27189 0.27075 0.26943 0.26797 0.26639 0.26466 0.26278 0.26079 0.27283 0.27187 0.27078 0.26949 0.26804 0.26642 0.26466 0.26273 0.26063 0.25839 0.25598 0.25347 0.25088 0.24767 0.27406 0.27321 0.27218 0.27099 0.26962

Ref. 57Gup 57Gup 57Gup 57Gup 57Gup 57Gup 57Gup 57Gup 64Bet 53Pou, 67Cov, 63Gup2, 58Grz, 65Sch1, 68Sha 57Kor 51Hil 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 53Pou 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz

24

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

T [K]

Hg

2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. saturated in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 3.5 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 3.5 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 3.5 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 3.5 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 3.5 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 3.5 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl

298 303 308 313 318 323 328 333 278 283 288 293 298 303 308 313 318 298 298 273 283 288 293 298 303 308 311 313 323 333 343 353 363 373 313 323 333 343 353 363 273 283 293 298

ESHE [V]

0.26812 0.26648 0.26468 0.26276 0.26068 0.25841 0.25613 0.25376 0.27289 0.27191 0.27082 0.26955 0.26816 0.26659 0.26485 0.26303 0.26103 0.26796 0.2412 0.2602 0.2541 0.2509 0.2477 0.2444 0.2411 0.2377 0.2357 0.2343 0.2272 0.2199 0.2124 0.2047 0.1967 0.1885 0.2466 0.2428 0.2377 0.2331 0.2277 0.2237 0.2854 0.2839 0.2815 0.2801

Ref. 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz 58Grz 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 58Sch 61Ive 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

25

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

T [K]

2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 0.1 M in KCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. 1 m in KCl Hg+F−→HgF++2e− Hg+H2O→HgO+2H++2e−, Ba(OH)2 sat. Hg+H2O→HgO+2H++2e−, Ca(OH)2 sat.

303 313 323 333 343 273 283 293 298 303 313 323 333 343 298 298 298 298 298

6Hg+ 2[Co(CN)36 – ] →(Hg2)3[Co(CN)6]+6e−, K3[Co(CN)6] 2Hg+ HPO 24 –

−

→Hg2HPO4+2e

298

0.638

61Ive

298

0.6359 –0.661 –0.0405

50Lar 61Ive 61Ive, 57Kor

0.3942

43Tak

0.3944

61Ive

2Hg+ IO3– →Hg2(IO3)2+2e−, KIO3 2Hg+ IO3–

−

→Hg2(IO3)2+2e

298

Hg+ N 3– →Hg2(N3)2+2e− −

−

Hg+2OH →HgO+H2O+2e , NaOH Hg+4SCN−→ Hg(SCN) 24 – +2e− Hg+4SeCN

−

→ Hg(SeCN) 24 –

−

+2e

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , acidic 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 6) 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 55Pau 35Sam 35Sam 65Roc

−

2Hg+H2S→Hg2S+2H +2e 2Hg+2I−→Hg2I2+2e−

0.2786 0.2753 0.2716 0.2673 0.2622 0.3338 0.3343 0.3340 0.3337 0.3332 0.3316 0.3296 0.3229 0.3236 0.2801 0.3337 0.2810 0.876 0.1462 0.1932

Ref.

–0.427

2Hg+ HPO 24 – →Hg2HPO4+2e−, H3PO4 +

ESHE [V]

–0.26 0.0977

52Suz1 57Ham

0.267

56Tac

0.025

56Tac

0.6151

64Bet

0.6141

57Kor

0.6135

70Sha2

273

0.63495 90Gal

278

0.63097 90Gal

283

0.62704 90Gal

288

0.62307 90Gal

26

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Hg

− 2Hg+ SO 2– 4 →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

293

0.61930 90Gal

298

0.61515 90Gal

303

0.61107 90Gal

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M

308

0.60701 90Gal

− 2Hg+ SO 2– 4 →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M

313

0.60305 90Gal

318

0.59900 90Gal

323

0.59487 90Gal

328

0.59051 90Gal

333

0.58659 90Gal

273

0.63495 35Har

278

0.63097 35Har

283

0.62704 35Har

288

0.62307 35Har

293

0.61930 35Har

298

0.61515 35Har

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e

303

0.61107 35Har

− 2Hg+ SO 2– 4 →Hg2SO4+2e

308

0.60701 35Har

313

0.60305 35Har

318

0.59900 35Har

323

0.59487 35Har

328

0.59051 35Har

333

0.58659 35Har

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4 2– 4

−

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4, c=1 M 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4 2– 4

−

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , H2SO4 2– 4

0.6125

65Cov

273

0.6718

90Gal

278

0.6676

90Gal

283

0.6635

90Gal

288

0.6594

90Gal

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat.

293

0.6553

90Gal

− 2Hg+ SO 2– 4 →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat.

298

0.6513

90Gal

303

0.6473

90Gal

308

0.6433

90Gal

313

0.6392

90Gal

318

0.6351

90Gal

323

0.6309

90Gal

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4 2– 4

−

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4) − 2Hg+ SO 2– 4 →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat.

27 T [K]

0.6266

90Gal

333

0.6226

90Gal

338

0.6177

90Gal

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat

343

0.6133

90Gal

− 2Hg+ SO 2– 4 →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat.

348

0.6084

90Gal

353

0.6034

90Gal

358

0.5984

90Gal

363

0.5931

90Gal

0.028

63Mur

–0.057

56Tac

–0.100 0.567 0.566 0.5109 0.5117 0.51163 0.51163 0.51163 0.5111 0.499 0.4158 0.4166 0.4263 0.4924

56Tac 66Cha 74Ost 61Ive 61Ive 63Lar 64Cov 68Shu 73Cho 66Cha 48Fer 61Ive 67Ber 71Cov

–0.2

52Lat

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. −

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

−

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , K2SO4, sat. 2– 4

2Hg+ 2S2 O 32 – → Hg(S2 O 3 ) 22– +2e− Hg+ 3S2 O 32 –

→ Hg(S2 O 3 ) 34–

−

+2e

Hg+ 4S2 O 32 – → Hg(S2 O 3 ) 64– +2e− −

−

2Hg+2(formate) →Hg2 formate2+2e , Na formate 2Hg+2(formate)−→Hg2 formate2+2e−, formic acid 2Hg+2Ac−→Hg2Ac2+2e−, T = 298 K, 1 M acetic acid 7) 298 2Hg+2Ac−→Hg2Ac2+2e−, 1 m acetic acid − − 2Hg+2Ac →Hg2Ac2+2e , acetic acid 2Hg+2Ac−→Hg2Ac2+2e−, acetic acid, K acetate, Na acetate 2Hg+2Ac−→Hg2Ac2+2e−, acetic acid, KNO3 2Hg+2Ac−→Hg2Ac2+2e−, acetic acid, Na acetate 2Hg+2(propionate)−→Hg2 propionate2+2e−, Na propionate 2Hg+2(oxalate)−→Hg2 oxalate2+2e−, oxalic acid sat. 298 2Hg+Ox−→Hg2Ox+2e− 8) 2Hg+2(benzoate)−→Hg2(benzoate)2+2e−, benzoic acid 2Hg+2(picrate)−→Hg2 picrate2+2e−, picric acid Molybdenum Mo→Mo3++3e− Neodymium (Nd)

+H2O→ MoO 22 +

3+

MoO

+2H +2e , molybdenum blue, HCl

0.482

53ElS

1.8

72Ten

Nd+oxalate →Nd oxalate +3e

–2.504 –2.575

54Spe 55Bab

Nd+2(oxalate)2−→Nd oxalate 2– +3e−

–2.661

55Bab

1.130

54Spe

2+

−

3+

Nd →Nd +e Nd+ SO 24 –

→

NdSO +4

−

+3e , Nd2(SO4)3 +

−

NpO +2 → NpO 22 + +e−, NpO2(NO3)2

Ni→Ni2++2e−

–0.236

Ni→Ni2++2e−, NiSO4

–0.257

Ni+2OH−→Ni(OH)2+2e−, basic

–0.72

29Har1, 34Col 55Pal, 62Vag 72Moo

NiCl2, NaPO3

–0.345

53Rin

→NiS2O3+2e , NiCl2, BaS2O3

–0.372

51Den

Ni+ P3O 39 – Ni+ S2 O 32 – Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

−

+

2−

Neptunium (Np) Nickel (Ni)

Ref.

328

−

2– 4

(Mo)

ESHE [V]

→

NiP3O 9– +2e−, −

28

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Ni

Ni(CN) 32 – +CN−→ Ni(CN) 24 – +e−, K2Ni(CN)3 K2Ni(CN)4 2+

−

Ni+acetylacetone→[Ni acetylacetone] +2e , acetylacetone Ni+2acetylacetone→[Ni acetylacetone2]2++2e−, acetylacetone Ni+malonate2−→Ni malonate+2e−, NiCl2, NaH malonate − Ni+2(oxalate)2−→Ni oxalate 2– 2 +2e 2+

−

Ni+glycine→[Ni glycine] +2e , NiCl2, glycine, NaOH Ni+2glycine→[Ni glycine2]2++2e−, NiCl2, glycine, NaOH Ni+glycylglycine→[Ni glyclglycine]2++2e−, NiCl2,glycylglycine, NaOH Ni+2glycylglycine→[Ni glyclglycine2]2++2e−, NiCl2,glycylglycine, NaOH Ni+glycylglycylglycine→[Ni glyclglycylglycine]2++2e−, NiCl2,glycylglycylglycine, NaOH Ni+2glycylglycylglycine→[Ni glyclglycylglycine2]2++2e−, NiCl2,glycylglycylglycine, NaOH Ni+8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−→ Ni 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate+2e−, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−, NaOH, Ni(NO3)2 Ni+2(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−)→ [Ni 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2]2−+2e−, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−, NaOH, Ni(NO3)2

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

–0.401 –0.425 –0.559 –0.368

47Cag 49Mal2 49Mal2 49Sto

–0.442 –0.433 –0.578 –0.383

51Bar 51Mon4 51Mon4 51Mon4

–0.483

51Mon4

–0.368

55Eva

–0.459

55Eva

–0.538

54Näs

–0.796

54Näs

Osmium

OsBr63 – → OsBr62 – +e−, HBr

0.452

47Dwy1

(Os)

OsCl36 – → OsCl 62 – +e−, HCl

0.452

47Dwy1

Os dipyridyl 32 + →Os dipyridyl 33 + +e−, Os dipyridyl3(ClO4)2, Os dipyridyl3(ClO4)3, KCl, HCl, KNO3

0.8821

52Bar

Os dipyridyl 32 + →Os dipyridyl 33 + +e−, Os dipyridyl3(ClO4)2, Os dipyridyl3(ClO4)3, KCl

0.8821

66Buc2

Os dipyridyl2(CN)2→Os dipyridyl2(CN) +2 +e−, Os dipyridyl2(CN)2, H2SO4 Os dipyridyl2(2,4-pentanedione)+→ Os dipyridyl2(2,4-pentanedione)2++e–, Os dipyridyl2(2,4-pentanedione)(ClO4)2, Os dipyridyl2(2,4-pentanedione)(ClO4)3, KCl

0.792

63Sch2

0.1530

66Buc2

Os(dipyridyl)(pyridyl) 24 + →Os(dipyridyl)(pyridyl) 34+ +e−, Os(dipyridyl)(pyridyl)4(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)(pyridyl)4(ClO4)3

0.8052

52Bar

Os(dipyridyl)2(pyridyl) 22 + →Os(dipyridyl)2(pyridyl) 32+ +e−, Os(dipyridyl)2(pyridyl)2(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)2(pyridyl)2(ClO4)3

0.8345

52Bar

Os(dipyridyl)Br(pyridyl) 3+ →Os(dipyridyl)Br(pyridyl) 32 + +e−, Os(dipyridyl)Br(pyridyl)3(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)Br(pyridyl)3Cl, KCl

0.4437

52Bar

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4) Os(dipyridyl)2Br(pyridyl)+→Os(dipyridyl)2Br(pyridyl)2++e−, Os(dipyridyl)2Br(pyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)2Br(pyridyl)Cl, KCl Os(dipyridyl)(pyridyl)3Cl+→Os(dipyridyl)(pyridyl)3Cl2++e−, Os(dipyridyl)Cl(pyridyl)3(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)Cl(pyridyl)3Cl, KCl Os(dipyridyl)2(pyridyl)Cl+→Os(dipyridyl)2(pyridyl)Cl++e−, Os(dipyridyl)2Cl(pyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)2Cl(pyridyl)Cl, KCl Os(dipyridyl)2Cl(pyridyl)+→Os(dipyridyl)2Cl(pyridyl)2++e−, Os(dipyridyl)2Cl(pyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)2Cl(pyridyl)Cl, KCl Os(dipyridyl)I(pyridyl) 3+ →Os(dipyridyl)I(pyridyl) 32 + +e, Os(dipyridyl)I(pyridyl)3(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)I(pyridyl)3Cl, KCl− Os(dipyridyl)2(pyridyl)+→Os(dipyridyl)2(pyridyl)2++e−, Os(dipyridyl)2I(pyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)2I(pyridyl)Cl, KCl Os tripyridyl 22 + →Os tripyridyl 32+ +e−, Os(tripyridyl)2(ClO4)2, Os(tripyridyl)2(ClO4)3, H2SO4 Os(dipyridyl)(tripyridyl)Br+→Os(dipyridyl)(tripyridyl)Br2++e−, Os(dipyridyl)Br(tripyridyl)3(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)Br(tripyridyl)3Cl, KCl Os(dipyridyl)(tripyridyl)Cl+→Os(dipyridyl)(tripyridyl)Cl2++e−, Os(dipyridyl)Cl(tripyridyl)3(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)Cl(tripyridyl)3Cl, KCl Os(dipyridyl)(tripyridyl)I+→Os(dipyridyl)(tripyridyl)I2++e−, Os(dipyridyl)I(tripyridyl)3(ClO4)2, Os(dipyridyl)I(tripyridyl)3Cl, KCl Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(pyridyl)2+→ Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(pyridyl)3++e−, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(pyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(pyridyl)(ClO4)3, KCl Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-ethylpyridyl)2+→ Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-ethylpyridyl)3++e−, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-ethylpyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-ethylpyridyl)(ClO4)3, KCl Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(3-methylpyridyl)2+→ Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(3-methylpyridyl)3++e−, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(3-methylpyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(3-methylpyridyl)(ClO4)3, KCl Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-methylpyridyl)2+→ Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-methylpyridyl)3++e−, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-methylpyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-methylpyridyl)(ClO4)3, KCl

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

29 T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

0.4871

52Bar

0.4255

52Bar

0.4836

52Bar

0.4836

52Bar

0.4508

52Bar

0.4888

52Bar

0.9866

54Dwy

0.5675

52Bar

0.5628

52Bar

0.5666

52Bar

0.8713

52Bar

0.8587

52Bar

0.8672

52Bar

0.8506

52Bar

30

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Os

Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-propylpyridyl)2+→ Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-propylpyridyl)3++e−, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-propylpyridyl)(ClO4)2, Os(tripyridyl)(dipyridyl)(4-propylpyridyl)(ClO4)3, KCl

0.8609

52Bar

Os(tripyridyl)(pyridyl) 32 + →Os(tripyridyl)(pyridyl) 33 + +e−, Os(tripyridyl)(pyridyl)3(ClO4)3, Os(tripyridyl)(pyridyl)3(ClO4)2, KCl

0.7999

52Bar

Pd→Pd++2e− Pd→Pd++2e−

0.951 0.83

Pd→Pd++2e−, Pd(ClO4)2, HClO4 Pd+Cl−→PdCl++e− Pd+2Cl−→PdCl2+2e−

0.951 0.771 0.638

63Gri 32Chl, 38Owe2 67Iza 56Dro 56Dro

Pd+3Cl−→ PdCl 3– +2e−

Palladium (Pd)

Ref.

0.567

56Dro

0.591

66Kra2

Pd+5Cl−→ PdCl 35 – +2e−

0.553

56Dro

0.615

56Dro

1.288 0.692

64Bet 65Bab

1.13

65Bab

0.625

65Bab

1.28

52Lat

0.755

68Gri

0.40

66Hub

0.72

30Smi

0.39 0.14 1.28

66Hub 61Saw 69Kuk

0.95

69Kuk

0.722

66Che

0.583

49Gri

0.431 0.597

49Gri 49Gri

0.600

49Gri

→ PdCl 24 –

Pd+4Cl

+2e , PdCl4

−

−

→ PdCl 64 –

Pd+6Cl

+2e

PdCl 24 – +2Cl–→ PdCl 64 – +2e− −

2+

2+

−

[Pd ethylenediamine2] +2Br →[Pd ethylenediamine2 Br2] +2e , [Pd ethylenediamine2]2+, [Pd ethylenediamine2 Br2]2+ [Pd ethylenediamine2]2++2Cl−→[Pd ethylenediamine2 Cl2]2++2e−, [Pd ethylenediamine2]2+, [Pd ethylenediamine2 Cl2]2+ [Pd ethylenediamine2]2++2I−→[Pd ethylenediamine2 I2]2++2e−, [Pd ethylenediamine2]2+, [Pd ethylenediamine2 I2]2+ (Pt)

ESHE [V]

−

−

Platinum

T [K]

Pt→Pt2++2e− −

Pt+4Cl Pt+4I

→ PtCl 24 – +2e−

−

→ PtI 24 –

−

+2e

PtCl 24 – +2Cl−→ PtCl 62 – +2e− PtI 24 –

+2I

−

→ PtI 62 –

−

+2e

−

−

Pt+2OH →Pt(OH)2+2e PtCl(NCl2)(NH3)4+2Cl−→ [PtCl(NCl2)(NH3)4]Cl2+2e−, PtCl(NCl2)(NH3)4Cl2, H2SO4 [PtCl(NCl2)(NH3)2]Cl−+2Cl−→ [PtCl3(NCl2)(NH3)2]Cl−+2e−, PtCl3(NCl2)(NH3)2Cl−, H2SO4 PtCl(NO2)(NH3)2+NO2−+Cl−→Pt(Cl(NO2))2(NH3)2+2e− Pt(NH 3 ) 24 + Pt(NH 3 ) 24 +

+2Br +2I

→ Pt(NH 3 ) 4 Br22 +

−

→ Pt(NH 3 ) 4 I 22 +

−

−

−

+2e −

+2e

−

cis-[Pt(NH3)2Br2]+2Br →cis-[Pt(NH3)2Br4]+2e , cis-[Pt(NH3)2Br2], cis-[Pt(NH3)2Br4] trans-[Pt(NH3)2Br2]+2Br−→trans-[Pt(NH3)2Br4]+2e−, trans-[Pt(NH3)2Br2], trans-[Pt(NH3)2Br4]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

31

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4) cis-[Pt(NH3)2I2]+2I−→cis-[Pt(NH3)2I4]+2e−, cis-[Pt(NH3)2I2], cis-[Pt(NH3)2I4] trans-[Pt(NH3)2I2]+2I−→trans-[Pt(NH3)2I4]+2e−, trans-[Pt(NH3)2I2], trans-[Pt(NH3)2I4] Pt((NO2)(NH3))2+2Br−→Pt(Br2((NO2)(NH3))2+2e−, Pt((NO2)(NH3))2, Pt(Br2((NO2)(NH3))2 Pt((NO2)(NH3))2+2Br−→Pt(Br2((NO2)(NH3))2+2e−, Pt((NO2)(NH3))2, Pt(Br2((NO2)(NH3))2

0.383

49Gri

0.782

66Che

0.786

66Che

0.807

66Che

0.759

66Che

0.763

66Che

PtCl(NO2)(NH3)2+ NO 2– +Cl−→PtCl2(NO2)2(NH3)2+2e−, PtCl(NO2)2(NH3)2, PtCl2(NO2)2(NH3)2

0.778

66Che

Pt(methylamine) 24 + +2Cl−→Pt(methylamine)4 Cl 22 + +2e−,

0.6220

68Gri

0.8327

68Gri

+2Cl →Pt(butylamine)4Cl 22 + +2e−, Pt(butylamine) 24 + , Pt(butylamine)4Cl 22 + , H2SO4

0.8380

68Gri

Pt(ethylamine) 24 + +2Cl−→Pt(ethylamine)4Cl 22 + +2e−,

0.6919

68Gri

0.5660

68Gri

1.006

62Sch2

Pt(propylamine) 24 +

Pt(methylamine)4 Cl 22 +

,

+2Cl →Pt(propylamine)4 Cl 22 + +2e−, Pt(propylamine)4 Cl 22 +

,

Pt(butylamine) 24 +

,

Pt(ethylenediamine) 22 +

Pt(ethylamine)4Cl 22 +

+2Cl →Pt(ethylenediamine)2Cl 22 + +2e−,

Pu →Pu +e , HClO4 −

(Pu)

Pu +5acetate → Pu

Polonium (Po)

Po→Po3++3e−

acetate5- +e−

Po→Po4++4e− −

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

,

Pt(ethylenedamine)2Cl 22 +

−

3+

Po+4Cl

→ PoCl 24 –

PoCl 24 –

−

+2Cl

−

+2e

→ PoCl 62 –

K→K++e−

K→K++e−, acidic K→K++e− K(Hg)→K++Hg+e−

, HCl

−

Pt(ethylenediamine) 22 + 4+

, H2SO4

−

Pt(ethylamine) 24 +

3+

, HCl

−

Pt(propylamine) 24 +

K(Hg)

Ref. 49Gri

Pt(methylamine) 24 +

Potassium (K)

ESHE [V]

0.390

Pt(NO2)(NH3)2Br+ NO 2– +Br−→PtBr2((NO2)(NH3))2+2e−, Pt((NO2)(NH3))2Br, PtBr2(NO2)2(NH3)2 Pt((NO2)(NH3))2+2Cl−→PtCl2((NO2)(NH3))2+2e−, Pt((NO2)(NH3))2, PtCl2((NO2)(NH3))2 Pt(NO2)2(NH3)2+2Cl−→PtCl2(NO2)2(NH3)2+2e−, Pt(NO2) 2 (NH3)2, Pt(Cl2(NO2) 2 (NH3)2

Plutonium

T [K]

−

+2e , HCl

, HCl –0.33

62Sch2

0.56 0.76

35Hai, 29Sch 56Bag

0.38

56Bag

0.72

56Bag

–2.922

34Arm, 31Lar, 52Lat, 12Lew 72Moo 77Gio 68Dil

–2.925 298.15 –2.928 –2.931

32

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

K(Hg) K(Hg) K(Hg) K(Hg) K(Hg)

K(Hg)→K++Hg+e− K(Hg)→K++Hg+e− K(Hg)→K++Hg+e− K(Hg)→K++Hg+e− K(Hg)→K++Hg+e−

283.15 298.15 313.15 328.15 343.15

–1.950 –1.975 –1.998 –2.020 –2.038

77Gio 77Gio 77Gio 77Gio 77Gio

K+ BrO3– →KBrO3+e−

–2.895

44Jon1

K+ ClO 3– →KClO3+e−

–2.928

31Ban

−

–2.902

45Jon

3.010

50Jam

3.008

50Jam, 37Har2

3.0667

36Jon, 49Jam

K+ ClO 4–

→KClO4+e

K+ Co(CN) 36 – → KCo(CN) 62 – +e− K+ Fe(CN)36 – → KFe(CN)62 –

−

+e

K+ Fe(CN) 64 – → KFe(CN)36 – +e− K+ IO3– →KIO3+e−

–2.917

42Kri, 48Mon

K+ NO 3– →KNO3+e−

–2.917

31Ban, 27Dav

K+ ReO 4– →KReO4+e−

–2.974

46Jon

–2.988

50Jen

–2.987

51Den

1.8

72Ten

–2.534

54Spe, 55Gim

K+ SO 24 – → KSO 4– +e− K+ S2 O 32 –

→ KS2 O 3–

−

+e

Praseodymium Pr2+→Pr3++e− → PrSO +4 +3e−,

(Pr)

Pr+ SO 24 –

Rhenium (Re) Rhodium (Rh)

ReO3+H2O→ ReO 4– +2H++e−, HReO4, NaReO4, NaOH

0.768

57Kin

Rh→Rh2++2e− Rh→Rh3++3e−, Rh(ClO4)3, HClO4

0.6 0.758

52Lat 71Amo

Pr2(SO4)3

Rubidium (Rb)

Rb→Rb++e−

Rb(Hg) Rb(Hg) Rb(Hg) Rb(Hg) Rb(Hg)

Rb(Hg)→Rb++Hg+e− Rb(Hg)→Rb++Hg+e− Rb(Hg)→Rb++Hg+e− Rb(Hg)→Rb+Hg+e−

–2.98 283.15 –1.943 298.15 –1.969 313.15 –1.996

52Lat, 31Lar, 46Gap, 15Lew 51Boc 74Lon 74Lon 74Lon

Rb(Hg)→Rb++Hg+e Ru(H 2 O)(NH 3 ) 35 + −

328.15 –2.022 343.15 –2.049

74Lon 74Lon

+

–2.96

−

Rb(Hg)

Rb(Hg)→Rb +Hg+e

Ruthenium (Ru)

Ru2+→Ru3++e−, HCl, RuCl2, RuCl3 Ru(CN) 64 –

→ Ru(CN)36 –

−

+e , K4Ru(CN)6, H2SO4, KCl

Ru(NH 3 ) 62 + → Ru(NH 3 )36+ +e−, NaClO4

0.2487

66Buc1

0.86

59Geo

0.214

65And

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4) Ru(NH 3 )52 + +H2O→ Ru(H 2 O)(NH 3 ) 35 + +e−, NaClO4

57Con2

1.0

54Sil

0.59

57Con2

RuO 24 – → RuO 4– +e−, KRuO4, RuO4, NaClO4

0.59

54Sil

Ru(dipyridyl) 32 +

1.29

59Geo

Ru(dipyridyl) 32 + →Ru(dipyridyl) 33 + +e−, H2SO4

1.29

49Bra

Ru(dipyridyl) 32 +

1.29

63Sch2

Ru(dipyridyl)2(CN)2→Ru(dipyridyl)2(CN) +2 +e−, HNO3, H2SO4

1.10

63Sch2

Ru(terpyridyl) 22 +

1.202

49Bra

Sm+ SO 24 – → SeSO +4 +3e−, Sm2(SO4)3

–2.487

54Spe

Sc+F−→ScF2++3e− Sc+2F−→ ScF2+ +3e−

–2.239

55Pau

Sc+3F →ScF3+3e

–2.333 –2.428

55Pau 55Pau

Se+2e−→Se2–

–0.78

, RuO4

−

→ RuO 4–

, RuO 4–

+e

, RuO4

→Ru(dipyridyl) 33 + →Ru(dipyridyl) 33 +

−

+e , Ru dipyridyl3Cl2 −

+e , H2SO4

→Ru(terpyridyl) 32+

−

−

+e , H2SO4

−

Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, HBr Ag+Br−→AgBr+e− Ag+Br−→AgBr+e− Ag+Br−→Ag++e−+Br−, acidic

23Kra2, 23Lew 0.799 61Ive, 23Lew 0.7991 72Moo 0.800 65Pap 0.07133 62Het, 60Tow 0.0714 70Sin 0.07131 57Kor 0.654 53Ber1 0.0712 64Bet

Ag+2Br−→ AgBr2– +e−, AgClO4, NaBr, NaClO4

0.379

53Ber1

+e , AgClO4, NaBr, NaClO4

0.328

53Ber1

Ag+4Br−→ AgBr43 – +e−, AgClO4, NaBr, NaClO4

0.274

53Ber1

Ag→Ag++e− Ag→Ag++e−, acidic Ag→Ag++e−, AgClO4, NaClO4 Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, HBr

Ag+3Br

−

→ AgBr32 –

−

−

−

+

Ag+Br +3Cl

−

→ AgBrCl33 – −

−

+e , AgBr sat., KCl, KBr

−

Ag+Cl →Ag +e +Cl , acidic Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl−, HCl

Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl− Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl−, KCl, HCl

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

1.0

, RuO 4–

→RuO4+e

RuO 24 –

Selenium (Se) Silver (Ag)

ESHE [V]

65And

−

RuO 4– →RuO4+e−, KRuO4, RuO4, NaClO4

(Sc)

T [K]

0.20

RuO 4–

Samarium (Sm) Scandium

33

0.330 57Cha3 0.2224 64Bet 0.22230 67Sen1, 54Bat2, 60Gre, 62Lie 0.22234 57Kor 0.22233 71Kom1 0.22238 72Kom

34

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Ag

Ag+Cl−+3Br−→ AgClBr33 – +e−, AgBr sat., KCl, KBr Ag+ ClO 4–

T [K]

−

→AgClO4+e , Ag ClO4

3Ag+ Co(CN) 36 – →Ag3Co(CN)6+3e−, K3Co(CN)6 2Ag+ CrO 24 –

−

→Ag2CrO4+2e , KNO3, AgNO3, K2CrO4

4Ag+ Fe(CN) 64 – →Ag4Fe(CN)6+4e−, K4Fe(CN)6 −

Ag+I →AgI+e , HI Ag+I−→AgI+e− E00 [V]=–0.14590–1.696·10–4T–2.934 10–6T, 20
→AgMnO4+e , NaClO4, AgMnO4

2Ag+2 MoO 24 – →Ag2MoO4+2e− Ag+ N 3–

Ref.

0.239

57Cha3

0.787

45Jon

0.298

65Roc

0.4470

55Pan

0.1478 64Roc –0.15224 64Het –0.1510 37Can1, 37Can2 65Kor

−

Ag+ MnO 4–

ESHE [V]

−

→AgN3+e

Ag+ N 3– →AgN3+e−

0.763

55Ren

0.725

55Ren

0.2149

75Das3

0.4573

54Pan1

0.29

52Suz2

0.2919

57Kor

−

278

0.2959

38Tay

Ag+ N 3– →AgN3+e−

288

0.2942

38Tay

−

298

0.2919

38Tay

Ag+ N 3– →AgN3+e−

308

0.2889

38Tay

−

318

0.2854

38Tay

Ag+NH3→ AgNH3+ +e−

0.603

2Ag+2OH−→Ag2O+H2O+2e−, basic 2Ag+2OH−→Ag2O+H2O+2e−, NaOH 2Ag+2OH−→Ag2O+H2O+2e−, basic, sat. 2Ag+2OH−→Ag2O+H2O+2e−, basic, sat. 2Ag+2H2O→Ag2O+2H++2e− 2AgO+H2O+2e−→Ag2O+2OH−, basic, sat.

0.342 0.342 0.342 0.338 1.1700 0.604

41Dor, 43Vos1, 44Kil 64Bet 62Gre 57Ham 61Dir 61Ive 62Dir

0.3402 –0.691 –0.7125 0.08951 0.08944 0.0947

68Naq 59Gol 61Ive 56Van 75Lal 57Kor

Ag+2SCN−→ Ag(SCN) 2– +e−, AgSCN, KSCN

0.304

53Cav

Ag+3SCN−→ Ag(SCN)32 – +e−, AgSCN, KSCN

0.231

53Cav

Ag+ N 3– Ag+ N 3– Ag+ N 3–

→AgN3+e →AgN3+e →AgN3+e

3Ag+ PO 34 – →Ag3PO4+3e−, H3PO4 2−

−

2Ag+S →Ag2S+2e 2Ag+H2S→Ag2S+2H++2e− Ag+SCN−→AgSCN+e−, HClO4, KSCN Ag+SCN−→AgSCN+e−, HClO4, KSCN Ag+SCN−→AgSCN+e−

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

35

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4) Ag+4SCN−→ Ag(SCN)34– +e−, AgSCN, KSCN −

−

Ag+SeCN →AgSeCN+e , K2CO3, KSeCN 2Ag+ SeO 32 – →Ag2SeO3+2e−, NaHSeO3

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

0.214 –0.0288

53Cav 74Das

0.3629

61Lin

−

0.8289

42Gel

−

Ag+formate−→Ag formate+e−

0.4660 0.502

54Pan2 66Cha

Ag+2(acetate)−→Ag acetate 2– +e−, acetic acid

0.421

2Ag+oxalate2−→Ag2 oxalate+e−, Ag acetate, Na acetate 2Ag+tartrate2−→Ag2 tartrate+2e−, tartaric acid Ag+picrate−→Ag picrate+e− Ag+chloroacetate−→Ag chloroacetate+e−, Ag chloroacetate Ag+2(chloroacetate)−→Ag3 citrate+e−, citric acid Ag+benzoate−→Ag benzoate+e−, AgClO4, NaClO4 Ag+methylamine→Ag(methylamine)++e−, CH3NH3NO3

0.4647 0.5610 0.17 0.422 0.5046 0.746 0.614

52Mac, 42Mac, 47Mac, 51Dav2 48Fer 46Ple1 68Mat 52Mac 66Mat 49Led 50Bje

Ag+2methylamine→Ag(methylamine) +2 +e−

0.399

55Fyf

Ag+ethylamine→Ag ethylamine++e−

0.482 0.600

55Fyf 48Bru

Ag+2ethylamine→Ag(ethylamine) +2 +e−

0.368

Ag+ethylenediamine→Ag ethylenediamine++e−

0.361

55Fyf, 48Bru 50Bje

Ag+2alanine→Ag(alanine) +2

+e , AgNO3, alanine

0.375

51Mon2

Ag+2glycine→Ag(glycine) +2 +e−, AgNO3, glycine

0.392

51Mon2

Ag+2glycylglycine→Ag(glycylglycine) +2

0.505

51Mon2

0.609

55Mur

Ag+2methylnicotinamide→Ag(methylnicotinamide) +e

0.699 0.625

55Mur 55Mur

Ag+2methylisonicotinate→Ag(methylisonicotinat) +2 +e−

0.655

55Mur

Ag+3thiourea→Ag(thiourea) 3+

−

Ag+pyridine→Ag pyridine +e

0.026 0.682

43Vos2 55Mur, 61Sir

Ag+2pyridine→Ag(pyridine) +2 +e−

0.549

55Mur, 61Sir

2Ag+ SeO 24 – 2Ag+ WO 24 –

→Ag2SeO4+2e

→Ag2WO4+2e , Na2WO4,NaNO3,AgNO3

Ag+2dimethylamine→Ag(dimethylamine) +2

−

+e

−

−

+e , AgNO3,

glycylglycine Ag+2nicotinamide→Ag(nicotinamide) +2 +e− Ag+2isonicotinamide→Ag(isonicotinamide) +2

−

+e

+

+

+e , thiourea −

+e−, KNO3 Ag(dipyridyl) +2 →Ag(dipyridyl) 2+ 2

–0.758

54Scr

−

0.629

55Mur

Ag+2(4-cyanopyridine)→Ag 4-cyanopyridine +2 +e−

0.618

55Mur

Ag+2(3-cyanopyridine)→Ag

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

−

3-cyanopyridine +2

+e

36

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Ag

Ag+(3-methoxypyridine)→Ag(3-methoxypyridine)++e−

Ref.

0.707

55Mur

Ag+(4-methoxypyridine)→Ag(4-methoxypyridine) +e

0.583 0.665

55Mur 55Mur

Ag+2(4-methoxypyridine)→Ag(4-methoxypyridine) +2 +e−

0.538

55Mur

–2.713

46Gap, 10Lew, 52Lat, 31Lar, 40Tay 72Moo 77Mus

+

+

+e −

−

Na→Na +e

Na→Na++e−, acidic Na→Na++e−

–2.714 298.15 –2.717

Na+ BrO3– →NaBrO3+e− −

298

–2.692 –2.670

55Mar1 33Har1

–2.849

49Mon1

298

–3.610

49Dav1

298

–2.779

55Dav

–2.862

49Mon2

–2.752

50Jen

–2.747

51Gim

–2.71 –1.941 –1.958 –1.976 –1.992 –2.008

46Ple2 71Mus 71Mus 71Mus 71Mus 71Mus

–2.89

52Lat, 28Dev, 34Lat 75Lon1 75Lon1 75Lon1 75Lon1 75Lon1 62Jak2, 53Har

−

Na+OH →NaOH+e , 0.1 M NaOH Na+ P2 O 74 – → NaP2 O 37 – +e−, 0.523...2.34·10–3 M Na4P2O7, 0.256...1.17 10–3 M HCl Na+ HP2 O 37 – → NaHP2 O 72 – +e− Na+ P3O 39 – → NaP3O 92 – +e− 5– Na+ P3O10

4– → NaP3O10

−

–3

+e , 0.1941...2.749·10 M Na5P3O10

Na+ SO 24 – → NaSO 4– +e− Na+ S2 O 32 –

Na(Hg) Na(Hg) Na(Hg) Na(Hg) Na(Hg)

ESHE [V]

−

Ag+2(3-methoxypyridine)→Ag(3-methoxypyridine) +2

Sodium (Na)

T [K]

NaS2 O 3–

−

–3

→ +e , 1.014·10 M Na2S2O3, 0.01...0.02 M NaCl Na→Na++e− Na(Hg)→Na++Hg+e− Na(Hg)→Na++Hg+e− Na(Hg)→Na++Hg+e− Na(Hg)→Na++Hg+e− Na(Hg)→Na++Hg+e−

Strontium (Sr)

Sr→Sr2++2e−

Sr(Hg) Sr(Hg) Sr(Hg) Sr(Hg) Sr(Hg)

Sr(Hg)→Sr2++Hg+2e− Sr(Hg)→Sr2++Hg+2e− Sr(Hg)→Sr2++Hg+2e− Sr(Hg)→Sr2++Hg+2e− Sr(Hg)→Sr2++Hg+2e− SrCO3+Pb→Sr2++PbCO3+2e−, SrCl2

298 283.15 298.15 313.15 328.15 343.15

283.15 298.15 313.15 328.15 343.15

–1.889 –1.900 –1.911 –1.921 –1.929 –2.886

Sr+ Fe(CN)36 – → SrFe(CN) 6– +2e−

–2.972

52Gib

Sr+ IO3– → SrIO3+ +2e−

–2.931 –2.913

52Col2 52Col2, 53Har

−

+

−

Sr+OH →SrOH +2e

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

37 T [K]

Sr+ P3O 39 – → SrP3O 9– +2e− 4– Sr+ P4 O12

2– → SrP4 O12

−

+2e

Sr+ S2 O 32 – →SrS2O3+2e−

Tl(Hg) Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

52Mon

–3.039

52Mon

–2.948 –2.907 –2.896 –2.895 –2.917 –2.892 –2.894 –2.909 –2.915 –2.969

TcO2+2H2O→TcO4+4H++3e−, HTcO4

0.782 –0.322

53Cob 53Cob

−

Te→Te +2e

–0.92

Te→Te4++4e−

0.56

TcO2+4OH 2+

−

−

→ TcO 4–

−

+2H2O+3e , NaOH, NaTcO4

Te+3H2O→TeO2·H2O+4H++4e−, citric acid, phopshate buffer 2H2Te→Te2+4H++4e−, HCl, LaCl3 H2Te2→Te2+2H++2e−, HCl, LaCl3

0.593 –0.50 –0.365

23Kra1, 23Lew 33Get, 23Kra1 59Ric 62Awa 62Awa

Te 22 – →2Te+2e−, Na2Te2,NaOH

–0.790

71Kom2

−

–0.845

64Pan

1.6

72Ten

Te 22 –

Terbium (Tb) Thallium (Tl)

–2.987

Sr+pivalate−→Sr pivalate++2e− Sr+n-valerate−→Sr n-valerate++2e− Sr+alanine→Sr alanine2++2e− Sr+glycine→Sr glycine2++2e− Sr+8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−→ Sr(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)+2e−, NaOH, SrCl2, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−

+

Sr+formate →Sr formate +2e Sr+bromoacetate−→Sr bromoacetate++2e− Sr+propionate−→Sr propionate++2e− Sr+lactate−→Sr lactate++2e−

Tellurium (Te)

Ref.

51Den 52Col1 52Col1 52Col1 52Col1, 54Dav2 52Col1 52Col1 52Col1 52Col1 54Näs

−

Technetium (Tc)

ESHE [V]

2+

→2Te+2e , 9 < pH < 13 3+

−

Tb →Tb +e Tl→Tl++e− Tl→Tl++e− Tl→Tl++e−

Tl→Tl++e− Tl→Tl++e− Tl→Tl++e− Tl→Tl++e− Tl→Tl++e− Tl+→Tl3++2e− Tl+→Tl3++2e−, HNO3 Tl+→Tl3++2e−, HNO3 Tl(Hg)→Tl++Hg+e−

–0.3363 –0.335 –0.336

288.15 293.15 298.15 303.15 308.15

–0.313 –0.320 –0.327 –0.334 –0.340 1.25 273.15 1.193 1.2303 283.15 –0.273

64Bet 61Ive 23Lew, 25Ger, 42Bro2, 34Cow 79Lon2 79Lon2 79Lon2 79Lon2 79Lon2 36She 36Noy 36Noy 79Lon2

38

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

T [K]

Tl(Hg) Tl(Hg) Tl(Hg)

Tl(Hg)→Tl++Hg+e− Tl(Hg)→Tl++Hg+e− Tl(Hg)→Tl++Hg+e− Tl+Br−→TlBr+e− Tl+2Br−→ TlBr2– +e−

298.15 –0.293 313.15 –0.314 328.15 –0.333 –0.392

79Lon2 79Lon2 79Lon2 56Car1

Tl+Cl →TlCl+e , TlCl

–0.395 –0.372

Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, TlCl, HCl

–0.372

56Car1 53Bel, 45Gar 55Hu

–0.346

55Hu

Tl+F →TlF+e , TlF

–1.056 –0.342

53Suz 53Bel

Tl+ IO3– →TlIO3+e−, TlIO3

–0.6

53Bel

–0.554

52Suz3

–0.359

57Nai

Tl+OH →TlOH+e Tl+OH−→TlOH+e−

–0.356 –0.34 –0.385

Tl+SCN−→TlSCN+e−, TlSCN

–0.56 9)

Tl+SCN−→TlSCN+e−, TlSCN

–0.384

57Nai 51Suz 53Bel, 56Bel1, 56Bel2 52Suz2, 56Gre 53Bel 53Bel 25Ger

−

−

−

Tl+2Cl

→ TlCl 2–

2Tl+ CrO 24 –

Tl+

+e , TlCl, HCl −

→Tl2CrO4+2e

−

N 3–

−

−

−

→TlN3+e

Tl+2 N 3– → TlN 3– +e−, TlN3 Tl+

NO3–

−

→TlNO3+e , TlNO3

−

Tl+ SO 24 –

−

→ TlSO 4–

−

+e , TlSCN

ESHE [V]

Ref.

Tl(Hg)

2Tl+H2SO4→Tl2SO4+2H +2e

–0.418 –0.4360

Thorium (Th) Thulium (Tm) Tin (Sn)

Th→Th4++4e−

–2.1

52Lat

2.0

72Ten

Titanium (Ti)

+

Tm2+→Tm3++e− Sn→Sn2++2e− Sn→Sn2++2e−, acidic Sn→Sn2++2e−, Sn(ClO4)2, HClO4 Sn2+→Sn4++2e− Sn2+→Sn4++2e− Sn2+→Sn4++2e−, acidic Sn+F−→SnF++2e− SnH4→Sn+4H++4e−

–0.135 –0.136 –1.375 0.154 0.2 0.15 –1.510 –1.07

23Lew 72Moo 57ElW1 34Hue 29Abh 72Moo 55Pau 57DeZ

Ti→Ti2++2e− Ti2+→Ti3++e− Ti3+→Ti4++e− Ti3++H2O→Ti(OH)3++H++e−, HCl or HClO4 Ti3++H2O→TiO2++2H++e− Ti3++2Br−+H2O→Ti(OH)(Br2)+H++e−, H+ KBr

–1.8 –0.37 –0.04 –0.055 0.10 0.235

52Lat 24For 29Abh 58Tri 08Die 62Kar Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Tungsten

Ti(SCN)2++H2O→Ti(SCN)(OH)2++H++e−, H+ KBr − W+8OH−→ WO 2– 4 +4H2O+6e

(W)

−

−

W+8OH → WO +4H2O+6e , Na2WO4, NaOH W(CN)84 –

2– 4

→ W(CN)83 –

Uranium

U+H2O→ UO 22 –

(U)

U +2 → U 22 + +e−

−

+e , K4WCN8, K3WCN8 −

+

–0.03

58Tri

–1.5

52Lat

–1.0069

57ElW2

0.457

55Baa 52Lat

0.327

61Sob

0.062

49Ker

V→V +2e V2+→V3++e−, V2(SO4)3, VSO4 V2+→V3++e− V3++H2O→VO2++2H++e−

–1.5 –0.255 –0.20 0.314

52Lat 44Jon2 30Foe 30Foe

VO2++3H2O→ V(OH) +4 +H++e−

1.000

34Car, 33Cor

VO2++H2O→ VO +2 +2H++e−, NH4VO3, VOSO4

0.991

64Dzh

1.250

64Dzh

1.0

65Sch2

+2H2O→ UO 22 +

−

+

+4H +2e

2+

2+

−

+H2O→ VO +2

−

+

+2H +e , NH4VO3, VOSO4

V(acetylacetone) 3– →V acetylacetone+e− 2+

3+

−

Ytterbium

Yb →Yb +3e , acidic, 1 M

(Yb)

Yb+ SO 24 –

–0.58

64Bet

Yb+oxalate →Yb(oxalate) +3e

–2.339 –2.412

54Spe 51Cro, 50Cro1

Yb+2(oxalate)2−→Yb oxalate 2– +3e−

–2.504

51Cro, 50Cro1

Y+ SO 24 – → YSO +4 +3e−

–2.872

54Spe

Zn→Zn2++2e−

–0.763

→ YbSO +4

−

+3e

2−

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

49Ker

4+

VO

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg)

ESHE [V]

–0.82

+4H +6e

UO +2 → UO 22 + +e−, UO2NO3, NaClO4, HClO4

Yttrium (Y) Zinc (Zn)

T [K]

0.062

U Vanadium (V)

39

+

Zn→Zn2++2e−, acidic Zn→Zn2++2e−, ZnCl2 Zn(Hg)→Zn2++Hg+2e Zn(Hg)→Zn2++Hg+2e− Zn(Hg)→Zn2++Hg+2e− Zn(Hg)→Zn2++Hg+2e− Zn(Hg)→Zn2++Hg+2e− Zn→Zn2++2e−, acidic, 1 M Zn→Zn2++2e−, acidic, ZnBr2 Zn→Zn2++2e−, acidic, ZnCl2 Zn+F−→ZnF++2e−

−

45Sto1, 40Rob, 34Shr1, 23Lew –0.7628 72Moo –0.76194 76Lut 283.15 –0.802 77Lon1 293.15 –0.801 77Lon1 298.15 –0.801 77Lon1 303.15 –0.800 77Lon1 313.15 –0.789 77Lon1 –0.7627 64Bet –0.7618 45Sto2 –0.7618 57Car –0.798 55Pau

40

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode 2)

Electrode reaction, electrolyte system 3), concentration 4)

Zn

Zn+3OH−→ Zn(OH)3– +2e−, NaOH, Zn(OH)2 Zn+4OH

−

→ Zn(OH) 24 –

−

+2e , KOH

Zn+4OH−→ Zn(OH) 24 – +2e−, KOH, K2Zn(OH)4, KOH Zn+4OH

−

→ Zn(OH) 24 –

−

+2e , basic

Zn+ S2 O 32 – →ZnS2O3+2e−, ZnCl2, BaS2O3 −

2−

Zn+malate →Zn malate+2e , Zn malate Zn+lactate2−→Zn lactate+2e−, Zn lactate Zn+mandelate2−→Zn mandelate+2e−, Zn mandelate Zn+alanine→Zn alanine2++2e−, alanine, NaOH, ZnSO4 Zn+2alanine→Zn(alanine) 22 + +2e−, alanine, NaOH, ZnSO4 2+

−

Zn+glycine→Zn glycine +2e , glycine, NaOH, ZnSO4 Zn+2glycine→Zn(glycine) 22 + +2e−, glycine, NaOH, ZnSO4 2+

−

Zn+glycylglycine→Zn glycylglycine +2e , glycylglycine, NaOH, ZnSO4 Zn+2glycylglycine→Zn(glycylglycine) 22 + +2e−, glycylglycine, NaOH, ZnSO4 Zn+glycylglycylglycine→Zn glycylglycylglycine2++2e−, glycylglycylglycine, NaOH, ZnSO4 Zn+2glycylglycylglycine→Zn(glycylglycylglycine) 22 + +2e−, glycylglycylglycine, NaOH, ZnSO4 Zn+8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−→ Zn(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate)+2e−, Zn(NO3)2, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid Zn+2(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate2−)→ Zn(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate) 22 – +2e−, Zn(NO3)2, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid Zirkonium (Zr)

Zr+H2O→ZrO2++2H++4e− Zr+F−→ZrF3++4e−

T [K]

ESHE [V]

Ref.

–1.183

54Ful

–1.214

54Dir

–1.205

71Bod

–1.215

72Moo

–0.831 –0.859 –0.826 –0.828 –0.915

51Den 54Ful 54Dav2 51Bel 51Mon4

–1.043 –0.925

51Mon4 51Mon4

–1.056 –0.874

51Mon4 51Mon4

–0.955

51Mon4

–0.859

51Mon4

–0.948

51Mon4

–1.021

54Näs

–1.241

54Näs

–1.5 –1.685

52Lat 49Con

1

) All data refer to room temperature if not stated otherwise. ) Amalgam electrodes are denoted with a subscript (Hg), the metal content in the amalgam is stated when provided by the author; in case of standard electrodes the metal content may not be stated explicitly. For details of amalgam electrodes see [85Mus]. Amalgam electrodes are placed in the listings according to the same ordering criteria as nonamalgam ones. If an electronically conducting material different from the metal stated in column 1 is used (e.g. with a redox electrode system) this is not stated explicitly. 3 ) Experimental details are given only if relevant for the stated value of ESHE, solvent is always water. 4 ) If no value is given unity activity has been used and thus a standard electrode potential is given. 5 ) Difference with respect to value calculated from accepted standard potential and activity coefficient is attributed to liquid junction potential. 6 ) Potential contains liquid junction potential. 7 ) Ac = acetate anion. 8 ) Ox = oxalic acid anion. 9 ) Mercury electrode used. 2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 02Böd 08Die 10Lew 10Sch2 12Lew 14Lew1 15Lew 22Ger 23Cam1 23Cam2 23Gru 23Kra1 23Kra2 23Lew 23Smi 23Swi 24For 24Ric 25Ger 25Mak 25Neu 26Fen 26Lat 26Lie 26Mai 27Dav 27Gru 27Lat 27Nie 28Dev 28Lat 29Abh 29Har1 29Sch 30Bro 30Dav 30Foe 30Ger 30Hak 30Ran 30Ril 30Smi 31Ban 31Bur 31Ive 31Lar 31Lew 31Lie 31Pop

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Heidt, L.J., Berestecky, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 2049. Holmes, F., Crimmin, W.R.G.: J. Chem. Soc. (1955) 1175. Hu, K.H., Scott, A.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 1380. Martel, R.W., Kraus, C.A.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 41 (1955) 9. Maxwell, K.H., Thirsk, H.R.: J. Chem. Soc. (1955) 4054. Murmann, R.K., Basolo, F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 3484. Nancollas, G.H.: J. Chem. Soc. (1955) 1458. Palczewska, W.: Rocz. Chem. 29 (1955) 594. Pan, K.: J. Chinese Chem. Soc. (Taipei) Ser. II 2 (1955) 15. Paul, A.D.: Thesis, University of California, Berkely, 1955. Pecsok, R., Juvet, R.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 20. Poulsen, J., Bjerrum, J.: Acta Chem. Scand. 9 (1955) 1407. Renier, J.J., Martin, D.S.: United States Atomic Energy Comission and Iowa State College, contribution 668-1955; see also: Renier, J.J., Martin, D.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78 (1956) 1833. Tanacka, N., Kolthoff, I.M., Strieks, W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 1996 Bagnall, K.W., Freeman, J.H.: J. Chem. Soc. (1956) 2770. Bell, R.P., Panckhurst, M.H.: J. Chem. Soc. (1956) 2836. Bell, R.P., Panckhurst, M.H.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 75 (1956) 725. Carpenter, L.G.: Thesis, Columbia University, 1956. Carrington, A., Symons, M.C.R.: J. Chem. Soc. (1956) 3373. Cohen, S.R.: Thesis Cornell University, Ithaka, New York, 1956. Droll, H.A.: Thesis, Pennsylvania University, 1956. Grenier, J.N., Meites, L.: Anal. Chim. Acta 14 (1956) 482. Tacopova, V.F.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 1 (1956) 243. Vanderzee, C.E., Smith, W.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78 (1956) 721. Basinski, A., Poczpko, S.: Rocz. Chem. 31 (1957) 449. Carraro, G., Stephens, H.L.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1957) 512. Chateau, H., Hervier, B.: J. Chim. Phys. 54 (1957) 356. Connick, R.E., Hurley, C.R.: J. Phys. Chem. 61 (1957) 1018. De Zoubov, N., Deltombe, E.: Proc. Int. Comm. Electrochem. Thermodynamics and Kinetics, 1957, p. 240. El Wakkad, S.E.S., Salem, T.M., Al Sayed, J.A.: J. Chem. Soc. (1957) 3770. El Wakkad, S.E.S., Salem, T.M., Risk, H.A., Ebaid, J.G.: J. Chem. Soc. (1957) 3776. George, P., Hanania, G.I., Irvine, D.H.: J. Chem. Soc. (1957) 3048. Gupta, S.R., Hills, G.J., Ives, D.J.G.: Discuss. Faraday Soc. 24 (1957) 147. Hamer, W.G., Craig, D.N.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1957) 206. King, J.P., Cobble, J.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (1957) 1559. Kivalo, P., Ekari, P.: Suom. Kemistil. B 30 (1957) 116. Kortüm, G.: Lehrbuch der Elektrochemie, Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1957. Nair, V.S.K., Nancollas, G.H.: J. Chem. Soc. (1957) 318. Grzybowski, A.K.: J. Phys. Chem. 62 (1958) 550 Hieber, W., Wagner, G.: Z. Naturforsch. B 13 (1958) 339. Schwabe, K., Ziegenbalg, S.: Z. Elektrochem. 62 (1958) 172. Treumann, W.B., Ferris, L.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80 (1958) 5048. Treumann, W.B., Ferris, L.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80 (1958) 5050. Tribalat, S., Delafosse, D.: Anal. Chim. Acta 19 (1958) 74. Verbeek, F., Eechebaut, Z.: Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 67 (1958) 204 George, P., Hanania, G.I.H., Irvine, D.H.: J. Chem. Soc. (1959) 2548. Golding, R.M.: J. Chem. Soc. (1959) 1838. Parsons, R.: Handbook of Electrochemical Constants, London: Butterworths, 1959. Perin, D.D.: J. Chem. Soc. (1959) 290. Ricketts, J.A., Tresselt, L.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81 (1959) 2305. Greeley, R.S., Smith, W.T., Stoughton, R.W., Lietzke, M.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 64 (1960) 652; 1445. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R7 60Hur 60Mat 60Tow 61Dir 61Hur2 61Ive 61Jak1 61Lin 61Saw 61Sir 61Sob 61Vyd 61Yag 62Awa 62Ber 62Cov 62Dir 62Gre 62Gub 62Het 62Jak2 62Kar 62Lie 62Lin 62Sch2 62Vag 63Cav 63Che 63Eva 63Gri 63Gup1 63Gup2 63Lar 63Mur 63Sch2 64Alt 64Bet 64But2 64Cov 64Dzh 64Het 64Pan 64Rao 64Roc 65And 65Bab 65Cha 65Cia 65Cov 65Kha Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Hurlen, T.: Acta Chem. Scand. 14 (1960) 1533. Mattoo, B.N.: Zh. Prikl. Khim. 33 (1960) 2015. Towns, M.B., Greeley, Lietzke, N.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 64 (1960) 1861. Dirkse, T.P.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 6 (1961) 538. Hurlen, T.: Acta Chem. Scand. 15 (1961) 630. Ives, D.J.G., Janz, G.J.: Reference Electrodes, New York: Academic Press, 1961. Jakuszewski, B.J., Taneewska-Osinska, S.: Zesz. Nauk Uniw. Lodz. Ser. 2 (1961) 10. Lin, C.L., Pan, K.: J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (Taipei) 8 (1961) 14. Sawyer, D.T., Interrante, L.V.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 2 (1961) 310. Sircair, S.C., Prasad, B.: J. Indian Chem. Soc. 38 (1961) 361. Sobkovski, J., Minc, S.J.: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 19 (1961) 101. Vydra, F., Pribil, R.: Talanta 8 (1961) 824. Yagn, N.S., Bunazhnov, F.T., Sokolova, V.G.: Zap. Leningr. Gorn. Inst. im. G. V. Plekhanova 42 (1961) 35. Awad, S.A.: J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 890. Berka, A., Dvorak, V., Nemec, I., Zyka, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 4 (1962) 150. Covington, A.K., Cressey, T., Lever, B.G., Thirsk, H.R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 58 (1962) 1975. Dirkse, T.P.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 109 (1962) 173. Gregor, V., Pitzner, K.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84 (1962) 2671. Gubin, S.P., Perevalova, E.G.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 143 (1962) 1351. Hetzer, H.B., Robinson, R.A., Bates, R.G.: J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 1423. Jakuszewski, B., Taniewska-Osinka, S.: Rocz. Chem. 36 (1962) 329. Kartushinskaya, A.I., Stromberg, A.G.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 7 (1962) 291. Lietzke, N.H., Stoughton, R.W.: J. Chem. Educ. 39 (1962) 230. Lingane, J.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 4 (1962) 332. Schwabe, K., Nebel, D.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 220 (1962) 339. Vagramyan, A.T., Uvarov, L.A.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otd. Khim. Nauk (1962) 1520. Cavington, A.K., Hakeem, M.A., Wynne-Jones, W.F.K.: J. Chem. Soc. (1963) 4394. Chebrikova, Z.M., Belaya, Zh.V., Loshkarev, M.A.: Tr. Dnepropetr. Khim. Tekhnol. Inst. (1963) 55. Evans, D.H., Lingane, J.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 6 (1963) 1. Grinberg, A.A., Kiseleva, N.N., Gelfman, N.I.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 153 (1963) 1327. Gupta, S.R., Hills, G.J., Ives, D.J.G.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 59 (1963) 1886. Gupta, S.R., Hills, G.J., Ives, D.J.G.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 59 (1963) 1874. Larson, W.D.: J. Phys. Chem. 67 (1963) 937. Murgulescu, J.G., Constantinescu, E.: Rev. Chim. Acad. Repub. Pop. Roum. 8 (1963) 5. Schilt, A.A.: Anal. Chem. 35 (1963) 1599. Altynov, V.I., Pritsyyn, B.V.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 9 (1964) 2407. de Bethune, A.J., Swendeman Loud, N.A.: Standard Aqueous Electrode Potentials and Temperature Coefficients at 25 °C, Skokie: C.A. Hampel, 1964. Butler, J.N.: J. Phys. Chem. 68 (1964) 1828. Covington, A.K., Talukdev, P.K., Thirsk, H.R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 60 (1964) 412. Dzhabarov, F.Z., Gorbachev, S.V.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 9 (1964) 2399. Hetzer, H.B., Robinson, R.A.: J. Phys. Chem. 68 (1964) 1929. Panson, A.J.: J. Phys. Chem. 68 (1964) 1721. Rao, J.P., Murthy, A.R.V.: J. Phys. Chem. 68 (1964) 1573. Rock, P.A.: Inorg. Chem. 3 (1964) 1593. Andicott, J.F., Taube, H.: Inorg. Chem. 4 (1965) 437. Babaeva, A.V., Khananova, E.Ya.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 10 (1965) 2579. Chang, J.C., Garner, C.S.: Inorg. Chem. 4 (1965) 209. Ciavatta, L., Grimaldi, M.: J. Inorg. Chem. 31 (1965) 3071 Covington, A.K., Dobson, J.V., Jones, L.W.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 61 (1965) 2050. Khairy, E.M., Darwish, N.A.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 230 (1965) 327.

R8 65Kor 65Mac 65Nes 65Pap 65Rei 65Roc 65Sch1 65Sch2 65Tan1 65Tan2 66Buc1 66Buc2 66Bur 66Cha 66Che 66Far 66Gol 66Han 66Hoa 66Hub 66Kra2 66Mal1 66Mal2 66Mat 66Pou 67Ber 67Bol 67Cov 67ElA 67Ham3 67Han 67Hin 67Iza 67Sch2 67Sen1 67Tou 67Van 68Bon 68Dil 68Gri 68Han 68Hus 68Mat 68Mur1 68Mur2 68Naq 68Noz 68Sha 68Shu 69Ere 69Kim

Kortüm, G., Häussermann, W.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 594. Macero, D.J., Anderson, L.B., Malachesky, P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 10 (1965) 76. Nesmeyanov, A.N., Perevalova, E.G., Yureva, L.P., Gubin, S.P.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim. (1965) 909. Papon, C., Jacq, J.: Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. (1965) 13. Reid Jr., W.E.: J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 3168. Rock, P.A.: Inorg. Chem. 4 (1965) 1667. Schwabe, K., Ferse, E.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 383. Schaefer, W.P.: Inorg. Chem. 4 (1965) 624. Tanaka, N., Shirikashi, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 38 (1965) 1515. Tanaka, N., Ogino, H.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 38 (1965) 1054. Buckley, R.R., Mecer, E.E.: J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 3103. Buckingham, D.A., Dwyer, F.P., Sargeson, A.M.: Inorg. Chem. 5 (1966) 1243. Burnett, J.L., Zirin, M.H.: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 28 (1966) 902. Chauchard, J., Gauthier, J.: Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. (1966) 2635. Chernyaev, I.I., Muraveiskaya, G.S., Korablina, L.S.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 11 (1966) 1339. Farba, F., Iwamoto, R.T.: Anal. Chem. 38 (1966) 143. Goldberg, R.N., Riddell, R.G., Wing, M.R., Hopkins, H.P., Wuffs, C.A., Heple, L.G.: J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 706. Hanania, G.I.H., Irvine, D.H., Michaelides, M.S., Shurayh, F.S.: Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Coord. Chem., St. Moritz-Bad, 1966, p. 222. Hoare, J.P.: Electrochim. Acta 11 (1966) 203. Hubbard, A.T., Anson, F.C.: Anal. Chem. 38 (1966) 58. Kravtsov, V.I., Zelensky, M.I.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1138. Malik, W.U.: Indian J. Chem. 4 (1966) 106. Malik, W.U., Das, A.: Indian J. Chem. 4 (1966) 203. Mathur, P.B., Naqvi, S.M.A.: Proc. Symp. Electrode Processes, 1966, p. 39. Pouradier, J., Gadet, M.G.: J. Chim. Phys. 63 (1966) 1467. Bertram, J., Bone, S.J.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 63 (1967) 415. Boldin, R.V.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 1259. Covington, A.K., Dobson, J.V., Jones, L.W.: Electrochim. Acta 12 (1967) 513. El-Awady, A.A., Bounsall, E.J., Garner, C.S.: Inorg. Chem. 6 (1967) 79. Hamm, R.E., Suwyn, M.A.: Inorg. Chem. 6 (1967) 139. Hanania, G.I.H., Irvine, D.H., Eaton, W.A., George, P.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 2022. Hin-Fat, L., Higginson, W.C.E.: J. Chem. Soc. A (1967) 298. Izatt, R.M., Eatough, D., Christensen, J.J.: J. Chem. Soc. A (1967) 1301. Schurig, H., Heusler, K.E.: Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 224 (1967) 45. Sen, B., Johnson, D.A., Roy, R.N.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 1523. Tourchy, A.R., Abdul-Azim, A.A., Shalaby, L.A.: J. Chem. U.A.R. 10 (1967) 253. Van Vagramanian, A.T., Leshawa, T.I.: Z. Phys. Chem. 234 (1967) 57. Bonnet, N., Mihalova, V.: Dokl. Bolg. Akad. Nauk 21 (1968) 1295. Dill, A.J., Itzkovits, V.: J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 4580 Grinberg, A.A., Dkhara, S.C., Gelfman, M.I.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 13 (1968) 2199. Hanania, G.I.H., Irvine, D.H., Shurayh, F.R.: J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 1355. Huston, R., Butler, J.N.: J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 4263. Mathur, P.B., Naqvi, S.M.A.: Indian J. Chem. 6 (1968) 311. Murray jr., R.C., Rock, P.A.: Electrochim. Acta 13 (1968) 969. Murgulescu, I.G., Vartires, I.: Rev. Roum. Chim. 13 (1968) 1397. Naqvi, S.M., Mathur, P.B.: Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim. 16 (9) (1968) 479. Nozakzee, N.G., Kazakov, V.A., Vagramyan, A.T.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 1464. Sharma, L., Sahu, G., Prasad, B.: J. Indian Chem. Soc. 45 (1968) 580. Shu-Chen, L., Pan, K.: J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (Taipei) 15 (1968) 106. Erenburg, A.M., Peshchevitskii, B.I.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 14 (1969) 932. Kim, J.J., Rock, P.A.: Inorg. Chem. 8 (1969) 563. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R9 69Kuk 69Mas 69Pou 69Vas 70Leu 70Sha2 70Sin 70Tan 71Amo 71Bar3 71Bod 71Cov 71DeC 71Kom1 71Kom2 71Mus 71Pan 71Vas1 71Vas2 72Gad 72Kom 72Lav 72Moo 72Mus 72Ten 73Cho 74Das 74Gro 74Lon 74Ost 74Ski 75Das3 75Lal 75Lon1 75Lon2 75Mal 76Ard 76Lut 77Gio 77Lon1 77Lon2 77Mus 77Ron 78Lag 79Lon1 79Lon2 83Maz 85Mus 90Gal

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Kukushkin, Yu.N., Drokina, Z.V.: Zh. Neorg. Khim. 14 (1969) 2452. Mašek, J., Dempir, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 34 (1969) 727. Pouradier, J., Gadet, M.G.: J. Chim. Phys. Phys. Chim. Biol. 66 (1969) 109. Vasil'jev, V.P., Grechina, N.K.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 426. Leuscke, W., Schwabe, K.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 25 (1970) 219. Sharma, L., Prasad, B.: J. Indian Chem. Soc. 47 (1970) 379. Sinha, H.K., Prasad, B.: J. Indian Chem. Soc. 47 (1970) 901. Tanaka, N., Tomita, T., Yamada, A.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 43 (1970) 2042. Amosse, J., Ruband, M., Barbier, M.J.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 273 (1971) 1708. Bartelt, H., Prügel, M.: Electrochim. Acta 16 (1971) 1815. Boden, D.P., Wylie, R.B., Spera, V.J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 118 (1971) 1298. Covington, A.K., Srinivasan, K.V.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 3 (1971) 795. De Cugnac-Pailliotet, A., Pouradier, J.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 273 (1971) 1565. Komar, N.P., Kaftanov, A.Z.: Zh. Anal. Khim. 26 (1971) 2086. Komandenko, V.M.: Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 1255. Mussini, T., Maina, T., Pagella, T.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 3 (1971) 281. Pan, K., Chang, J.-J., Hsin, S.-C.: J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (Taipei) 18 (1971) 1. Vasil'ev, V.P., Shorokhova, V.I.: Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 185. Vasil'ev, V.P., Glavin, S.R.: Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 1395. Gadet, M.C., Pouradier, J.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 275 (1972) 1061. Komar, N.P., Kaftanov, A.Z., Dunai, B.A.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1177. Lavrenova, L.G., Zegzhda, T.V., Shul'man, L.M.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1153. Moore, W.J.: Physical Chemistry, London: Longman, 1972. Mussini, T., Longhi P., Riva, G.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 4 (1972) 591. Tendler, Y., Faraggi, M.: J. Chem. Phys. 57 (1972) 1358. Choudhary, B.K., Prasad, B.: Indian J. Chem. 11 (1973) 931. Das, R.C., Sahu, G., Satyanarayana, D., Misra, S.N.: Electrochim. Acta 19 (1974) 887. Gronlund, F., Noer, S.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 25. Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Osimani, C.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 6 (1974) 227. Ostannii, N.I., Zharkova, L.A., Erofeev, B.V., Kazakova, G.D.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 48 (1974) 358. Skibsted, L.H., Bjerrum, J.: Acta Chem. Scand. A 28 (1974) 764. Dash, U.N., Mohanty, J.: Thermochim. Acta 12 (1975) 189. Lal, S.C., Prasad, B.: Indian J. Chem. 13 (1975) 372. Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Vaghi, E.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 7 (1975) 767. Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Vaghi, E.: Chim. Ind. (Milan) 57 (1975) 169. Malik, W.U., Bembi, R., Dwivedi, J.K.: Indian J. Chem. 13 (1975) 589. Ardizzone, S., Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Rondinini, S.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 8 (1976) 557. Lutfullah, Dunsmore, H.S., Paterson, R.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 72 (1976) 495. Giordano, G.M., Longhi P., Mussini, T., Rondinini, S.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 9 (1977) 997. Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Rondinini, S., Vaghi, E: Chim. Ind. (Milan) 59 (1977) 249. Longhi, P., Rondinini, S., Ardizzone, S., Mussini, T.: Ann. Chim. (Rome) 67 (1977) 177. Mussini, T., Longhi, P.: Chim. Ind. (Milan) 59 (1977) 163. Rondinini, S., Longhi, P., Mussini, T.: Ann. Chim. (Rome) 67 (1977) 305; 467. Lagowski, J.J.: The Chemistry of Non-aqueous Solutions, Vol. 1, London: Academic Press, 1978. Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Rondinini, S., Sala, B: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 11 (1979) 359. Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Rondinini, S., Sala, B: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 11 (1979) 73. Mazzarese, J., Popvych, O.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 130 (1983) 2032. Mussini, T., Rondinini, S., Longhi, P.: Pure Appl. Chem. 57 (1985) 169. Galster, H.: pH-Messung, Weinheim: VCH, 1990.

1 Electrode potentials

41

Table 1.2. Nonmetal electrode potentials in aqueous electrolyte systems. 1) Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrode system 2)

Boron (B) Bromine (Br)

B+3H2O→H3BO3+3H++3e−

Chlorine (Cl)

–0.73

52Lat

1.0873 1.066

2Br−→Br2+2e−, acidic 2Br−→Br2+2e−, KBr, KCl, Br2, acetic acid Br−+H2O→HBrO+H++2e−

1.0652 1.078 1.33

Cl2+2H2O→2HClO+2H++2e−, NaClO, HClO 2Cl−→Cl2+2e−, HCl 2Cl−→Cl2+2e−

1.611 1.35827 1.359

2Cl−→Cl2+2e−, acidic Cl−+H2O→HClO+H++e−, NaClO, HClO Cl−+4H2O→ ClO 4– +8H++8e−

1.3595 1.482

59Fli 69Cer 22Ger, 26Kam, 11Lew, 23Lew, 28Ran 72Moo 59Fli

1.35

52Lat

0.954

62Nai

0.936

59Tro

–0.003 –0.0028

35Hai 72Moo

2.85

26Lat

−

ClO →ClO2+e , NaClO2, AgClO2, Pb(ClO2)2 −

ClO →ClO2+e , NaClO2, ClO2 – 2

−

Deuterium (D)

½D2→D +e ½D2→D++e−, acidic

Fluorine (F) Hydrogen (H)

2F−→F2+2e−

Iodine (I)

+

H2+2OH−→2H2O+2e−, basic I2+2HCN→2ICN+2H++2e−, HClO4, NaCN, I2

66Mus 33Ish1, 17Lew1, 23Lew 72Moo 71Lav 52Lat

–0.82806 0.625

72Moo 56Bow

I−+H2O→HIO+H++2e− 2I−→I2+2e− 2I−→I2+2e−

0.536 0.615 0.536

2I−→I2+2e−, acidic 3I−→ I3– +2e−

0.5355

11Bra 71Lav 23Lew, 29Ish, 37Wil 72Moo

0.535

29Ish, 52Lat

1.1942

75Spi

I2+6H2O→ 2IO +12H +10e

1.19

29Abh

NO+H2O→NO++e−, NO, H2SO4 NO+H2O→NO++e−, NO, H2SO4

1.46 1.45

66Sch 67Sch1, 68Mus

I2+6H2O→ 2IO3– +12H++10e−, HClO4, HIO3 – 3

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

2Br−→Br2+2e−, HBr, Br2 2Br−→Br2+2e−

– 2

Nitrogen (N)

T ESHE [K] [V]

+

−

42

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrode system 2)

N

NO+H2O→HNO2+H++e−, NaNO2, H2SO4 2NO++2H2O→N2O4+4H++2e−, N2O4,H2SO4 HNO2+H2O→HNO3+2H++2e−, NaNO2,HNO3

67Sch1 68Mus 71Ale

273

1.67694

35Ham1

278

1.67846

35Ham1

283

1.67998

35Ham1

288

1.68159

35Ham1

293

1.68322

35Ham1

298

1.68488

35Ham1

303

1.68671

35Ham1

308

1.68847

35Ham1

313

1.69036

35Ham1

318

1.69231

35Ham1

323

1.69436

35Ham1

328

1.69649

35Ham1

333

1.69861

35Ham1

2OH →½O2+H2O+2e

0.400

10Brö, 06Lew, 14Lew2, 23Lew, 06Ner, 27Nie

3OH−→ HO 2– +H2O+2e−, basic

0.878 1.229 0.695

72Moo 66Hoa 54Ker

–1.565

72Moo

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

2– 4

−

PbO2+4H + SO →PbSO4+2H2O+2e +

Oxygen (O)

2– 4

−

−

−

2H2O→O2+4H +4e H2O2→O2+2H++2e−, O2, H2O2 +

Phosphorus (P) Quinone

Ref.

0.983 0.77 0.945

− Lead dioxide PbO2+4H++ SO 2– 4 →PbSO4+2H2O+2e

(PbO2)

T ESHE [K] [V]

H 2 PO 2– +3OH−→ HPO32– +2e−, basic hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+, E0 [V]=0.69969–735.8·10–6(T–273.15 K)–0.29·10–6(T–273.15 K) hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+, pH=0

273 278 283 288 293 298 303 308 313

0.71798 0.71437 0.71073 0.70709 0.70343 0.69976 0.69607 0.69237 0.68865

54Bat1 54Bat1 54Bat1 54Bat1 54Bat1 54Bat1 54Bat1 54Bat1 54Bat1 33Har2

0.6990

22LaM

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode

Selenium (Se) Sulfur (S)

Electrode reaction, electrode system 2)

T ESHE [K] [V]

Ref.

Toluhydroquinone→Toluquinone+2e–+2H+, pH=0 p-Xylohydroquinone→p–Xyloquinone+2e–+2H+, pH=0 p-Thymohydroquinone→p-Thymoquinone+2e–+2H+, pH=0 Dimethoxyhydroquinone→Dimethoxyquinone+2e–+2H+, pH=0 1,4-Naphthohydroquinone→1,4-Naphthoquinone+2e–+2H+, pH=0 Bromohydroquinone→Bromoquinone+2e–+2H+, pH=0 Chlorohydroquinone→Chloroquinone+2e–+2H+, pH=0 hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+, 0.01 N HCl, 0.09 N KCl hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+, 0.01 N HCl, 0.09 N KCl hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+, 0.01 N HCl hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+, 0.01 N HCl hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+, 0.1 N HCl hydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+, 0.1 N HCl

298

0.6454 0.5900 0.5875 0.5139 0.4698

22LaM 22LaM 22LaM 22LaM 22LaM

0.7151 0.7125 0.5750 0.5831 0.5787 0.5868 0.6345 0.6414

22LaM 22LaM 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive

291 298 291 298 291 298

Se+3H2O→H2SeO3+4H++4e−, H2SeO3

–0.74

66Osm

S2−→S+2e−2

–0.51

Ag2S→S+2Ag++2e−, H2S, HCl HgS→S+Hg2++2e−, H2S, HCl PbS→S+Pb2++2e− + − Ag++4S+6H2O→ Ag(S2 O3 )3– 2 +12H +8e

–1.99 –2.00 –1.296

35Kim, 20Noy, 23Lew 51Goa1 51Goa2 56Kiv

Ba2++2S+3H2O→BaS2O3+6H++4e− Ba2++2S+3H2O→BaS2O3+6H++4e−, BaS2O3 Ca2++2S+3H2O→CaS2O3+6H++4e−, CaCl2, BaS2O3

0.432 0.394 0.436

Cd2++2S+3H2O→CdS2O3+6H++4e−, CdCl2, Na2S2O3, BaS2O3

0.407

Co2++2S+3H2O→CoS2O3+6H++4e−, CoCl2, BaS2O3 + − Hg2++4S+6H2O→ Hg(S2 O3 ) 2– 2 +12H +8e , HgNO3, Na2S2O3

0.435

57Cha1, 57Cha2 49Dav2 51Den 51Den, 49Dav1, 55Gim 51Den, 49Dav1, 55Gim 51Den

0.245

54Tor

0.365

0.306

54Tor

0.341

54Tor

0.452 0.438 0.438 0.438

51Den 51Den 55Gim 51Den

0.455 0.434

51Den 51Den

−

Hg +6S+9H2O→ Hg(S2 O ) +18H +12e , HgNO3, Na2S2O3 + − Hg2++8S+12H2O→ Hg(S2 O3 ) 6– 4 +24H +16e , HgNO3, Na2S2O3 K++2S+3H2O→ KS2 O3– +6H++4e−, KCl, BaS2O3 2+

4– 3 2

+

Mg2++2S+3H2O→MgS2O3+6H++4e−, MgCl2, BaS2O3 Mg2++2S+3H2O→MgS2O3+6H++4e−, MgCl2, Na2S2O3 Mn2++2S+3H2O→MnS2O3+6H++4e−, MnCl2, BaS2O3 Na++2S+3H2O→ NaS2 O3– +6H++4e−, MnCl2, BaS2O3 Ni2++2S+3H2O→NiS2O3+6H++4e−, NiCl2, BaS2O3 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

43

44

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrode system 2)

S

Sr2++2S+3H2O→SrS2O3+6H++4e−, NiCl2, BaS2O3 Zn2++2S+3H2O→ZnS2O3+6H++4e−, NiCl2, BaS2O3 Zn2++2S+3H2O→ZnS2O3+6H++4e−, NiCl2, BaS2O3 Zn2++2S+3H2O→ZnS2O3+6H++4e−, NiCl2, Na2S2O3

0.435 0.430 0.430 0.430

51Den 51Den 51Den 51Goa1, 51Goa2

Ce3++S+4H2O→ CeSO +4 +8H++6e−, Ce2(SO4)3

0.322

54Spe

0.322

54Spe

0.321

54Spe

0.297

57Bro

0.322

54Spe

0.348

50Jen

0.322

50Jen

0.322 0.338 0.338 0.346

47Jam 51Dun 52Jon 47Jam

0.350

57Dav

0.321

54Spe

0.322

54Spe

0.321

54Spe

0.328

57Dav

0.323

54Spe

0.322 –0.47627

54Spe 57Mar

–0.5242

57Mar

–0.42836

57Mar

–0.5056

57Mar

–0.38973

57Mar

–0.4778

57Mar

–0.36039

57Mar

–0.4407

57Mar

–0.34030

57Mar

0.169

76Cob

0.17

72Moo

–0.93

72Moo

2.01

72Moo

+ 4

−

Er +S+4H2O→ ErSO +8H +6e , Er2(SO4)3 3+

+

+ 4

−

Gd +S+4H2O→ GdSO +8H +6e , Gd2(SO4)3 3+

+

−

Hg +S+4H2O→Hg2SO4+8H +6e , Hg2SO4 +

2+ 2

+ 4

−

Ho +S+4H2O→ HoSO +8H +6e , Ho2(SO4)3 3+

+

−

K +S+4H2O→ KSO +8H +6e , K2SO4 +

+

– 4

+ 4

+

+ 4

+

−

La +S+4H2O→ LaSO +8H +6e , La2(SO4)3 3+

−

La +S+4H2O→ LaSO +8H +6e , La2(SO4)3 3+

−

Mg +S+4H2O→MgSO4+8H +6e , MgSO4 Mg2++S+4H2O→MgSO4+8H++6e−, HCl, MgSO4 Mn2++S+4H2O→MnSO4+8H++6e− Na++S+4H2O→ NaSO 4– +8H++6e−, Na2SO4 2+

+

+ 4

−

Nd +S+4H2O→ NdSO +8H +6e , Nd2(SO4)3 3+

+

+ 4

−

Pr +S+4H2O→ PrSO +8H +6e , Pr2(SO4)3 3+

+

+ 4

−

Sm +S+4H2O→ SmSO +8H +6e , Sm2(SO4)3 3+

+

2+ 2

−

UO +S+4H2O→UO2SO4+8H +6e , UO2SO4, HClO4 +

+ 4

−

Y +S+4H2O→ YSO +8H +6e , Y2(SO4)3 3+

+

+ 4

−

Yb +S+4H2O→ YbSO +8H +6e , Yb2(SO4)3 3+

+

−

S →S+2e , H2S − 2S2–→ S2– 2 +2e , H2S 2−

−

S →2S+2e , H2S 2– 2

−

3S → 2S +2e , H2S 2– 2

2– 3

−

S →3S+2e , H2S 2– 3

−

4S → 3S +2e , H2S 2– 3

2– 4

−

S →4S+2e , H2S 2– 4

−

5S → 4S +2e , H2S 2– 4

2– 5

−

S →5S+2e , H2S 2– 5

−

2S2 O → S4 O +2e , K2S2O3, K2S4O6 2– 3

2– 6

−

2S2 O → S4 O +2e , acidic 2– 3

2– 6

−

−

SO +2OH → SO +H2O+2e , basic 2– 3

2– 4

−

2SO → S2 O +2e , acidic 2– 4

2– 8

T ESHE [K] [V]

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials

1

45

) First electrodes based on inorganic materials (arranged according to Hill's system) are listed, followed by those based on organic materials. All data refer to room temperature if not stated otherwise. 2 ) Experimental details are given only if relevant for the stated value of ESHE.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 06Lew 06Ner 10Brö 11Bra 11Lew 14Lew2 17Lew1 20Noy 22Ger 22LaM 23Lew 26Kam 26Lat 27Nie 28Ran 29Abh 29Ish 33Har2 33Ish1 35Hai 35Ham1 35Kim 37Wil 47Jam 49Dav1 49Dav2 50Jen 51Den 51Dun 51Goa1 51Goa2 52Jon 52Lat 54Bat1 54Ker 54Spe 54Tor 55Gim 56Bow 56Kiv 57Bro 57Cha1 57Cha2 57Dav 57Mar 59Fli 59Tro

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Lewis, G.N.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 28 (1906) 158. Nernst, W., Wartenberg, H.v.: Z. Phys. Chem. 56 (1906) 534. Brönsted, J.N.: Z. Phys. Chem. 68 (1910) 703. Bray, W.C., Connolly, E.L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 33 (1911) 1485. Lewis, G.N., Rupert, F.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 33 (1911) 299. Lewis, G.N., Randall, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 36 (1914) 2468. Lewis, G.N., Storch, H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 39 (1917) 2544. Noyes, A.A., Freed, E.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 42 (1920) 476. Gerke, R.H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 44 (1922) 1684. La Mer, V.K., Baker, L.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 44 (1922) 1954. Lewis, G.N., Randall, M.: Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances, New York: McGraw Hill, 1923. Kameyama, N., Yamamoto, H., Skumpei, O.: J. Soc. Chem. Ind. Jpn. 29 (1926) 679. Latimer, W.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48 (1926) 2868. Nielson, R.F., Brown, D.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 49 (1927) 2423. Randall, M., Young, L.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50 (1928) 989. Abhandlungen der Deutschen Bunsengesellschaft 10 (1929). Ishikawa, F., Shibata, E.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. 1 18 (1929) 109. Harned, H.S., Wright, D.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4849. Ishikawa, F., Kimura, G., Murooka, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 22 (1933) 131. Haissinsky, M.: J. Chim. Phys. 32 (1935) 116. Hamer, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 9. Kimura, G.: Bull. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Tokyo 14 (1935) 94. Willard, H.H., Ning Kang Tang: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1188. James, J.C.: Thesis, London, 1947. Davies, C.W., Monk, C.B.: J. Chem. Soc. (1949) 413. Davies, C.W., Wyatt, P.A.H.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 45 (1949) 770. Jenkins, I.L., Monk, C.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 (1950) 2695. Denney, T.O., Monk, C.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 47 (1951) 992. Dunsmore, H.S., James, J.C.: J. Chem. Soc. (1951) 2925. Goates, J.R., Cole, A.G., Cray, E.L., Faux, N.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73 (1951) 707. Goates, J.R., Cole, A.G., Cray, E.L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73 (1951) 3596. Jones, H.W., Monk, C.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 48 (1952) 929. Latimer, W.M.: The Oxidation States of the Elements and their Potentials in Aqueous Solutions, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1952. Bates, R.G.: Electrometric pH Determinations, New York: Wiley, 1954. Kern, D.M.H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (1954) 4208. Spedding, F.H., Jaffe, S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (1954) 882. Toropova, V.F.: Zh. Obshch. Khim. 24 (1954) 423. Gimblett, F.G.R., Monk, C.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 51 (1955) 793. Bowersox, D.F., Butler, E.A., Swift, E.H.: Anal. Chem. 28 (1956) 221. Kivalo, P., Ringbom, A.: Suom. Kemistil. B 29 (1956) 109. Brown, S.A., Land, J.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (1957) 3015. Chateau, H., Hervier, B., Pouradier, J.: J. Phys. Chem. 61 (1957) 250. Chateau, H., Hervier, B., Pouradier, J.: J. Chim. Phys. 54 (1957) 246. Davies, E.W., Monk, C.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 53 (1957) 442. Maronny, G., Valensi, G.: Proc. Int. Comm. Electrochem. Thermodynamics and Kinetics, 1957, p. 155. Flis, I.E., Mishchenko, K.P., Troitskaya, N.V.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 33 (1959) 1744. Trotiskaya, N.V., Mishchenko, K.P., Flis, I.E.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 33 (1959) 1614.

R2 61Ive 62Nai 66Hoa 66Mus 66Osm 66Sch 67Sch1 68Mus 69Cer 71Ale 71Lav 72Moo 75Spi 76Cob

Ives, D.J.G., Janz, G.J.: Reference Electrodes, New York: Academic Press, 1961. Naito, T.: Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 65 (1962) 749. Hoare, J.P.: Electrochim. Acta 11 (1966) 203. Mussine, T., Faita, G.: Ric. Sci. 36 (1966) 175. Osman-Zade, Sh.D., Vagramyan, A.T.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 85. Schmid, G., Neumann, U.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 1165. Schmid, G., Neumann, U.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt/Main) 54 (1967) 150. Mussini, T.: Chim. Ind. (Milan) 50 (1968) 783. Cerquetti, A., Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Natta, G.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 20 (1969) 411. Alekseeva, N.I., Zymmer, Ya.D., Nikol'skii, V.A.: Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 873. Lavrenova, L.G., Zegzhda, T.V., Shul'man, V.M.: Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 83. Moore, W.J.: Physical Chemistry, London: Longman, 1972. Spitz, R.D., Liefbafsky, H.A.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 122 (1975) 363. Cobble, J.W., Stephens, H.P., McKinnon, I.R., Westrum jr., E.F.: Inorg. Chem. 11 (1976) 1669.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

46

1 Electrode potential

Table 1.3. Metal electrode potentials in nonaqueous 1) electrolyte systems 2). Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 3)

Aluminum (Al) Arsenic (As) Barium (Ba) Beryllium (Be) Bismuth (Bi) Cerium (Ce) Cesium (Cs) Cadmium (Cd)

Al→Al3++3e−, methanol

CdHg CdHg CdHg CdHg Cd(Hg) CdHg

Calcium (Ca) (Ca)Hg

ESHE 4) [V]

Ref.

–0.632

64Jak2

0.590

49Gal

BaCaO3+Pb→Ba2++PbCO3+2e−, methanol, BaCl2

–2.943

62Jak2

Be→Be2++2e−, molten BeCl2, T=773 K

–2.144

56Ham

Be→Be2++2e−, methanol, LiCl

–0.513

64Jak2

As+3Br−→AsBr3+3e−, tolueneAsBr3,AlBr3

T [K]

Ce3+→Ce4++e−, acetonitrile; activity: 1.3 Cs→Cs++e−, propylene carbonate, CsClO4 Cd+2Cl−→CdCl2+2e−, liquid ammonia, NH4Cl, 1 M Cd→Cd2++2e−, liquid ammonia, CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2, NH4SCN − Cd+ SO 2– 4 →CdSO4+2e , hydrazine, H2SO4 −

Cd→Cd +2e , methanol, CdCl2 Cd→Cd2++2e−, ethanol, Cd(NO3)2, NH4NO3 Cd+3Br−→ CdBr3– +2e−, ethanol, Cd(NO3)2, NH4Br 2+

−

−

Cd+2SCN →Cd(SCN)2+2e , ethanol, Cd(NO3)2, NH4Br Cd→Cd2++2e−, formic acid, CdCl2 Cd→Cd2+, formamide, CdCl2, KCl

64Rao –3.012

72LHe

298 –0.362 239 –0.189

58Fis 66Ros

–0.246 –0.410 –0.340

55Fur 65Hef 54Tur1

–0.779 –0.740 –0.75 –0.414

56Tur 56Tur 46Ple1 68Bro3, 67DeR 71And 54Pav 54Pav 54Pav 48Ple 56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

–0.412 Cd→Cd2++2e−, formamide, CdCl2 298 –0.408 Cd→Cd2+, anhydrous formamide, 1 M 298 –0.617 Cd+2Cl−→CdCl2+2e−, anhydrous formamide, 1 M − − Cd+2Cl →CdCl2+2e , KCl saturated in anhydrous formamide, 1 M 298 –0.608 –0.47 Cd→Cd2++2e−, acetonitrile, CdI2 773 –1.403 Cd→Cd2++2e−, molten CdCl2 1073 –1.193 Cd→Cd2++2e−, molten CdCl2 1273 –1.002 Cd→Cd2++2e−, molten CdCl2 2+ − 239 –2.185 Ca→Ca +2e , ammonia –2.929 CaCaO3+Pb→Ca2++PbCO3+2e−, methanol, CaCl2 2+ − –3.20 Ca→Ca +2e , formic acid, Ca formate 2+ − –2.65 Ca→Ca +2e , propylene carbonate –2.75 Ca→Ca2++2e−, acetonitrile 773 –3.534 Ca→Ca2++2e−, molten CaCl2 1273 –3.208 Ca→Ca2++2e−, molten CaCl2

66Ros 62Jak2 46Ple1 72LHe 48Ple 56Ham 56Ham

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potential Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 3)

Cesium (Cs)

Cs→Cs++e−, ammonia, CsNO3

47 T [K]

228 –3.93

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

–3.44 –3.16

46Ple2, 46Ple3 46Ple1 48Ple

–1.537 –1.352 –1.262 –1.376 –1.113 –1.006

56Ham 61Ive 56Ham 56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

–0.233 773 –1.140 1073 –0.977 1273 –0.900

61Jak2 56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

Cs→Cs++e−, formic acid, 0.01 M CsHCOO Cs→Cs++e−, acetonitrile, 0.01 M CsCl Chromium Cr→Cr2++2e−, molten CrCl2 (Cr) Cr→Cr2++2e−, molten CrCl2 Cr→Cr2++2e−, molten CrCl2 Cr→Cr3++3e−, molten CrCl3 Cr→Cr3++3e−, molten CrCl3 Cr→Cr3++3e−, molten CrCl3 Cobalt Co→Co2++2e−, methanol,CoCl2 (Co) Co→Co2++2e−, molten CoCl2 Co→Co2++2e−, molten CoCl2 Co→Co2++2e−, molten CoCl2 Copper Cu→Cu++e−, methanol, Cu(ClO4)2 (Cu) (Cu)Hg Cu→Cu2++2e−, methanol, Cu(ClO4)2 (Cu)Hg Cu+→Cu2++e−, methanol, Cu(ClO4)2 (Cu)Hg Cu→Cu2+, anhydrous formamide, 1 M (Cu)Hg Cu→Cu+, acetonitrile Cu+→Cu2++e−, acetonitrile, Cu(ClO4)2 Cu→Cu++e−, molten CuCl Cu→Cu++e−, molten CuCl Cu→Cu++e−, molten CuCl Cu→Cu2++2e−, molten CuCl2 Iron Ferrocene→Ferrocinium+e−, methanol (Fe) Ferrocene→Ferrocinium+e−, 1,2-dimethoxyethane Ferrocene→Ferrocinium+e−, tetrahydrofuran, Bu4NClO4 Ferrocene→Ferrocinium+e−, formamide Ferrocene→Ferrocinium+e−, acetonitrile, ferrocene, ferricinium picrate, (C2H5)4NClO4 Ferrocene→Ferrocinium+e−, pyridine, ferrocene, ferricinium picrate, (C2H5)4NClO4 Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)3++e−, acetonitrile, NaClO4 Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)2+→ Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)3++e−, acetonitrile, (C2H5)4NClO4 Fe→Fe2++2e−, molten FeCl2 Fe→Fe2++2e−, molten FeCl2 Fe→Fe2++2e−, molten FeCl2 Lead Pb→Pb2++2e−, ethanol, NH4NO3 (Pb) Pb→Pb2++2e−, formic acid, Pb(HCOO)2 Pb→Pb2++2e−, anhydrous formamide, 1 M Pb→Pb2+, acetamide, Pb(NO3)2

ESHE 4) [V]

773 1073 1273 773 1073 1273

298

0.64

70Des

298 298 298 298 298 773 1073 1273 1273

0.513 0.4 0.279 –0.344 0.133 –1.024 –0.970 –0.943 –0.528

70Des 70Des 54Pav 71Sen 71Sen 56Ham 61Ive 56Ham 56Ham

0.410 0.07 0.12 0.539 0.19

78Lag 71Gue 71Gue 78Lag 65Kol

0.628

68Muk

0.805

65Kol

0.805

66Kra3

773 –1.267 1073 –1.118 1273 –1.050

56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

–0.146 –0.72 298 –0.193 –0.193

54Tur2 46Ple1 54Pav 58Fis

48

1 Electrode potential

Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 3)

T [K]

Pb

Pb→Pb2+, acetonitrile, Pb(ClO4)2 Pb+2Cl−→PbCl2+2e−, methanol, KCl Pb+2Cl−→PbCl2+2e−, N, N-dimethylformamide, HCl Pb→Pb2++2e−, molten PbCl2 Pb→Pb2++2e−, molten PbCl2 Pb→Pb2++2e−, molten PbCl2

–0.12 –0.2873 –0.3368 773 –1.2710 1073 –1.112 1273 –1.039

48Ple 50Car 74Bat2 56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

Lithium (Li)

Li→Li++e−, methanol/water 30 wt% Li→Li++e−, methanol/water 50.3 wt% Li→Li++e−, methanol/water 69.3 wt% Li→Li++e−, methanol/water 90.0 wt% Li→Li++e−, methanol Li→Li++e−, methanol Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 10 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 20.1 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 30.4 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 40.3 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 49.9 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 60.3 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 70.3 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 80.4 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol/water 90.4 wt% Li→Li++e−, ethanol Li→Li++e−, ethanol Li→Li++e−, ethanol, LiBr Li→Li++e−, formic acid Li→Li++e−, propylene carbonate Li→Li++e−, acetonitrile Li→Li++e−, dimethylsulfoxide Li→Li++e−, molten LiCl Li→Li++e−, molten LiCl

–3.020 –3.001 –2.994 –3.006 –3.095 –3.095 –3.025 –3.014 –3.002 –2.991 –2.983 –2.975 –2.961 –2.952 –2.942 –3.016 –3.022 –3.097 –3.48 –2.8874 –3.23 –2.4212 –3.646 –3.352

83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 59Jak 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 53Bje 72Kun 46Ple1 70Bod 48Ple 67Smy 56Ham 56Ham

Li(Hg) Li(Hg)

Magnesium Cd+Mg(OH)2→Cd(OH)2+Mg2++2e−, methanol, cadmium electrode (Mg) Mg→Mg2++2e−, molten MgCl2 Mg→Mg2++2e−, molten MgCl2 Mg→Mg2++2e−, molten MgCl2 Manganese Mn→Mn2++2e−, molten MnCl2 (Mn) Mn→Mn2++2e−, molten MnCl2 Mn→Mn2++2e−, molten MnCl2 Mercury 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, methanol(20.22 wt%)/water, 1 m (Hg) 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, methanol(43.12 wt%)/water, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, methanol(68.33 wt%)/water, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, methanol(99.29 wt%)/water, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, dioxane(20 wt%)/water, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, dioxane(40 wt%)/water, 1 m

298

298 298 298 298 298 773 1273

ESHE 4) [V]

Ref.

–2.478 773 –2.680 1073 –2.460 1273 –2.346

61Jak1 56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

773 –1.967 1073 –1.807 1273 –1.725

56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

298 298 298 298 298 298

0.2545 0.2515 0.2173 0.1027 0.2501 0.2104

58Sch 58Sch 58Sch 58Sch 59Sch2 59Sch2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potential Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 3) 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, dioxane(70 wt%)/water, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, dioxane(82 wt%)/water, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, ethylene glycol(19.25 wt%)/water, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, ethylene glycol(50 wt%)/water, 1 m 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, ethylene glycol(77.91 wt%)/water, 1 m − 2Hg+ SO 2– 4 →Hg2SO4+2e , anhydrous acetic acid, 1 m −

2Hg+ SO →Hg2SO4+2e , methanol, H2SO4 2– 4

−

−

2Hg+2Cl →Hg2Cl2+2e , acetic acid, KCl 2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−, formic acid, HgHCOO −

−

2Hg+2Ac →Hg2Ac2+2e , acetic acid, Na acetate 2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−, formamide, KCl

49 T [K]

ESHE 4) [V]

Ref.

298 0.1126 59Sch2 298 –0.0014 59Sch2 298 0.2570 59Sch3 298 0.2364 59Sch3 298 0.20125 59Sch3 298

0.181

31Hut

0.5392 0.27

46Kan 56Tut2

0.180 46Ple1 –0.1599 65Jak2 0.2451 0.2453

67DeR 71Nay

0.25

48Ple

0.614

71Nay

2Hg→ Hg +2e , acetonitrile, Hg2(ClO4)2, HClO4

0.460

73Coe

2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−, N-methylpyrrolidone, Hg2(ClO4)2, HClO4

0.069

70Bré

0.061 0.065 0.2535

70Bré 70Leu 75Das5

−

−

2Hg+2Cl →Hg2Cl2+2e , formamide, HCl 2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−, acetonitrile, HgBr2 2+ 2

−

Hg →2Hg +2e , acetonitrile, Hg2(ClO4)2, HClO4 2+

−

2+ 2

2+ 2

−

Hg →2Hg +2e , N-methylpyrrolidone, HClO4 2+

−

Hg→Hg +2e , N-methylpyrrolidone, Hg2(ClO4)2, HClO4 2Hg+2 benzoate−→Hg2 benzoate2+2e−, formamide, benzoic acid 2Hg→ Hg 22 + +2e−, molten Hg2Cl2 2+

−

773 –0.597

56Ham

Nickel (Ni)

Ni→Ni +2e , LiCl Ni→Ni2++2e−, molten NiCl2 Ni→Ni2++2e−, molten NiCl2 Ni→Ni2++2e−, molten NiCl2

0.088 773 –1.070 1073 –0.875 1273 –0.763

64Jak2 56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

Palladium (Pd)

Pd→Pd2++2e−, molten PdCl2 Pd→Pd2++2e−, molten PdCl2

773 –0.457 1073 –0.331

56Ham 61Ive

Potassium (K)

K→K++e−, methanol/water 28.9 wt% K→K++e−, methanol/water 49.7 wt% K→K++e−, methanol/water 70.1 wt% K→K++e−, methanol/water 90.6 wt% K→K++e−, methanol K→K++e−, methanol, 0.01...0.1 M KCl K→K++e−, ethanol, 0.6266...3.1390 M KCl K→K++e−, formic acid, 0.01 M KCOOH K→K++e−, propylene carbonate, KI or KClO4 K→K++e−, ethylene glycol, KBr K→K++e−, acetonitrile, 0.01 M KI K→K++e−, anhydrous formamide, 1 M K→K++e−, anhydrous formamide, 1 M K→K++e−, ethane bromide, 0.19 M KCl, 0.24 M AlBr3 K→K++e−, nitrobenzene, KCl

K(Hg) K(Hg) K(Hg) K(Hg)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2+

–2.888 –2.861 –2.833 –2.836 –2.928 –2.921 –2.843 –3.36 –2.9504 298 –2.998 –2.91 291 –2.868 298 –2.872 –2.516 –2.804

83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 58Brä 68Dil 46Ple1 70Bod 72Kun 48Ple 54Pav 54Pav 46Mez 46Mez

50

1 Electrode potential

Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 3)

T [K]

K

K→K++e−, molten KCl K→K++e−, molten KCl

773 –3.755 1273 –3.155

56Ham 56Ham

–3.45 –2.982 291 –2.851 298 –2.855 –3.17

46Ple1 72LHe 54Pav 54Pav 48Ple

243

0.49 0.06014 0.812 295 0.240 298 –0.1328 308 –0.0815 –0.139 –0.1939 –0.1007 –0.1633 0.0967 0.0965 0.4997

74Bro2 74Lie 63Cha 68Ben 42Kan 56Muk 67Alf 61Nun 70Kun1 70Kun2 68Mar1 75Das1 75Das2

298 0.2155 298 0.2094 298 0.1968 298 0.1818 298 0.1492 298 0.1135 298 0.0841 298 –0.0099 –0.0103 –0.0221 298 0.2144 298 0.2073 298 0.2003 298 0.1945 298 0.1859 298 0.1554 298 0.1053 298 0.0215 298 –0.0813 –0.0848 –0.1135 –0.1345 298 0.2141

61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 74Kun 53Mar 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Téz 61Téz 61Téz 61Ive

Rubidium(Hg) Rb→Rb++e−, formic acid, 0.01 M RbHCOO (Rb) Rb→Rb+e−, propylene carbonate, RbClO4 Rb→Rb++e−, anhydrous formamide, 1 M Rb→Rb++e−, anhydrous formamide, 1 M Rb→Rb++e−, acetonitrile Silver Ag→Ag++e−, liquid ammonia, AgNO3, NH4NO3 (Ag) Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, D2O, DBr Ag→Ag++e−, N,N-dimethylformamide, AgNO3, KNO3, NaNO3 Ag→Ag++e−, acetonitrile, AgClO4 Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, methanol, 1 m Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, methanol, 1 M Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, methanol Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, ethanol Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, ethylene glycol, HBr Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, propylene glycol, NaBr Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, formamide, HBr Ag+Br−→AgBr+e−, formamide, KBr, CH3COOH, CH3COOK Ag+ BrO3– →AgBrO3+e−, formamide, NaClO4, AgBrO3

Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol(40 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol(60 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol(80 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol(90 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol(94.2 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methanol Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl−, methanol, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol(30 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol(40 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol(50 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol(71.9 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol(88.5 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol(98 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethanol, 1 m Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl−, ethanol, HCl Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl−, n-propanol, HCl Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl−, isopropanol, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl−, 1-propanol(10 wt%)/water, 1 m

ESHE 4) [V]

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potential Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 3) Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, 1-propanol(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, 2-propanol(5 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, 2-propanol(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, 2-propanol(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl−, n-butanol, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylene glycol(5 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylene glycol(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylene glycol(15 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylene glycol(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylene glycol(30 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylene glycol(40 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylene glycol(60 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→Ag++e−+Cl−, ethylene glycol, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylene glycol, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, propylene glycol(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, propylene glycol(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, propylene glycol Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, 2,3-butylene glycol(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, 2,3-butylene glycol(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, glycerol(4.9 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, glycerol(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, glycerol(21.2 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, glycerol(30 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, glycerol(50 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, glycerol, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetone(5 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetone(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetone(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetone(40 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetone(50 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetone(90 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetone, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetone, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methyl ethyl ketone(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, methyl ethyl ketone(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, dioxane(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, dioxane(45 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, dioxane(70 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, dioxane(82 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, D-glucose(5 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, D-glucose(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, D-glucose(20 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, D-glucose(30 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, D-glucose(50 wt%)/water, 1 m

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

51 T [K]

298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298

298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298

ESHE 4) [V]

Ref.

0.2066 0.2180 0.2138 0.2066 –0.1430 0.2190 0.2161 0.2133 0.2101 0.2036 0.1972 0.1807 0.0235 0.0233 0.2150 0.2077 –0.0323 0.2144 0.2067 0.2196 0.2165 0.2084 0.2022 0.1940 0.02077 0.2190 0.2156 0.2079 0.1859 0.158 –0.034 –0.53 –0.54 0.2153 0.2078 0.2031 0.1635 0.0639 –0.0614 0.2186 0.2142 0.2045 0.1935 0.1634

61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 60Ryz 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 67Sen2 75Ale2 61Ive 61Ive 70Kun1 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 72Roy 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 54Eve 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive

52

1 Electrode potential

Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 3)

Ag

Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, D-fructose(5 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, D-fructose(10 wt%)/water, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, HCl in formic acid, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, HCl in formic acid, 1 M Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, anhydrous acetic acid, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, anhydrous acetic acid, 1 M Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetic acid, AgNO3, Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, acetic acid, HCl, LiClO4 Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, trifluoro acetic acid Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, anhydrous formamide, 1 m Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, formamide, KCl

298 298 298 298 298 298 295

Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, N-methylformamide, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, N-methylacetamide, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, N,N-dimethylacetamide, HCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, ethylenediamine, AgCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, pyridine, AgCl Ag+I−→AgI+e−, methanol, 1 M Ag+I−→AgI+e−, methanol, NaI, succinic acid, Na succinate Ag+I−→AgI+e−, ethylene glycol, NaI, Na cetate, acetic acid Ag+I−→AgI+e−, propylene glycol, NaI, Na cetate, acetic acid Ag+I−→AgI+e−, formamide, CH3COOH, CH3COOK, KI Ag+ MnO 4– →AgMnO4+e−, formamide, NaClO4, AgMnO4

0.208 0.21187 0.1500 0.757 0.551 308 –0.2530 –0.3176 –0.2928 –0.3468 –0.0996

Ag+acetate−→Ag acetate+e−, formamide, acetic acid Ag→Ag++e−, molten AgCl Ag→Ag++e−, molten AgCl Ag→Ag++e−, molten AgCl Sodium (Na)

Na(Hg) Na(Hg)

Na→Na++e−, methanol/water 69.8 wt% Na→Na++e−, methanol Na→Na++e−, methanol Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 10 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 20.4 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 30.8 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 40.6 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 50.5 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 60.6 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 69.9 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 80.0 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol/water 90.5 wt% Na→Na++e−, ethanol Na→Na++e−, ethanol, NaBr, Na→Na++e−, formic acid Na→Na++e−, propylene carbonate, NaClO4 Na→Na++e−, acetonitrile, 0.01 M NaI

T [K]

ESHE 4) [V]

0.2190 0.2150 –0.1302 –0.1199 –0.6241 –0.6180 0.87 –0.610 0.31 298 0.204 0.1979

Ref. 61Ive 61Ive 57Muk 57Muk 57Muk 57Muk 56Tut1 75Nev 72Pet3 58Man 68Bro2, 67Aga 70Ber 65Daw 68Scr 65Muk 69Muk 56Muk 53Ber1 70Kun2 70Kun2 75Das1

0.2055 0.4266 773 –0.896 1073 –0.826 1273 –0.763

75Das4 73Nay 56Ham 61Ive 56Ham

–2.627 –2.726 2.72 –2.701 –2.688 –2.672 –2.656 –2.639 –2.626 –2.607 –2.597 –2.557 –2.643 298 –2.787 –3.42 –2.653 –2.87

83Maz 83Maz 59Jak 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 83Maz 72Kun 46Ple1 72LHe 46Mez Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potential

53

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 3)

T [K]

Na→Na++e−, nitrobenzene, 0.19 M NaCl, 0.24 M AlBr3 Na→Na++e−, ethane bromide, 0.19 M NaCl, 0.24 M AlBr3 Na→Na++e−, molten NaCl Na→Na++e−, molten NaCl

–3.42 –2.45 773 –3.519 1273 –3.019

46Ple1 47Mez 56Ham 56Ham

Strontium (Sr)

SrCO3+Pb→Sr2++PbCO3+2e−, methanol, SrCl2 Sr→Sr2++2e−, molten SrCl2 Sr→Sr2++2e−, molten SrCl2

–2.938 773 –3.684 1273 –3.333

62Jak2 56Ham 56Ham

Thallium (Tl)

Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, liquid ammonia, 1 M Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, n-hexanol, HCl Tl→Tl++e−, propylene carbonate

298

Tl→Tl2++2e−, anhydrous formamide, 1 M Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, N,N-dimethylformamide, HCl Tl→Tl++e−, acetonitrile, TlCl4, Et4NClO4 Tl→Tl++e−, molten TlCl Tl→Tl++e−, molten TlCl Tl→Tl++e−, molten TlCl

298

773 1073 1273

Tin (Sn)

Sn→Sn2++2e−, methanol, SnCl2 Sn→Sn2++2e−, molten SnCl2 Sn→Sn2++2e−, molten SnCl2

–0.532 773 –1.320 1073 –1.259

Titanium (Ti)

Ti3+→Ti4++2e−, DMF, HCl Ti3+→Ti4++2e−, pyridine, HCl

Vanadium (V) Zinc (Zn)

Electrode

Tl(Hg)

1

ESHE 4) [V]

Ref.

0.1 58Fis –0.973 74Con2 –0.3817 70Bod, 73Bod –0.344 54Pav –0.5994 74Bat2 –0.410 67Coe –1.606 56Ham –1.473 61Ive –1.470 56Ham 64Jak2 56Ham 61Ive

0.000 –0.190

69Hla 69Hla

V→V2++2e−, molten VCl2

1073 –1.566

61Ive

Zn+2Cl−→ZnCl2+2e−, liquid ammonia, NH4Cl, 1 M Zn→Zn2++2e−, liquid ammonia, ZnCl2, Pb(NO3)2, NH4SCN Zn+→ZnSO4+2e−, anhydrous hydrazine, 1 M Zn→Zn2++2e−, formic acid, ZnCl2 Zn→Zn2++2e−, acetonitrile, ZnCl2 Zn→Zn2++2e−, anhydrous formamide, ZnCl2, 1 M Zn+2Cl−→ZnCl2+2e−, pyridine, HCl Zn→Zn2++2e−, molten ZnCl2 Zn→Zn2++2e−, molten ZnCl2

298 –0.72 239 –0.505 273 –0.7100 –1.05 –0.74 298 –0.757 –0.788 773 –1.603 1073 –1.476

58Fis 66Ros 37Uli 46Ple1 48Ple 54Pav 68Muk 56Ham 61Ive

) Mixed solvent systems containing water are included below even in case water is only a minor constituent, molten salts are listed after liquid solvent-based systems. 2 ) All data refer to room temperature if not stated otherwise. 3 ) Details are given only if relevant for the stated value of ESHE. 4 ) All potentials refer to a standard hydrogen electrode in the used solvent. Exemptions are stated explicitly.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 31Hut 37Uli 42Kan 46Kan 46Mez 46Ple1 46Ple2 46Ple3 47Mez 48Ple 49Gal 50Car 53Ber1 53Bje 53Mar 54Eve 54Pav 54Tur1 54Tur2 55Fur 56Ham 56Muk 56Tur 56Tut1 56Tut2 57Muk 58Brä 58Fis 58Man 58Sch 59Jak 59Sch2 59Sch3 60Ryz 61Ive 61Jak1 61Jak2 61Nun 61Téz 62Jak2 63Cha 64Jak2 64Rao 65Daw 65Hef 65Jak2 65Kol 65Muk 66Kra3 66Ros

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Hutchinson, A.W., Chandlee, G.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 2881. Ulich, H., Biostoch, K.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 178 (1937) 306. Kanning, E.W., Campbell, A.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64 (1942) 1672. Kanning, E.W., Bowman, M.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (1946) 2042. Mezhennyi, Ya.F.: J. Phys. Chem. USSR 20 (1946) 493. Pleskov, V.A.: Acta Physicochim. URSS 21 (1946) 41; J. Phys. Chem. USSR 20 (1946) 153. Pleskov, V.A.: Acta Physicochim. URSS 21 (1946) 235. Pleskov, V.A.: J. Phys. Chem. USSR 20 (1946) 151. Mezhennyi, Ya.F.: J. Phys. Chem. USSR 21 (1947) 839. Pleskov, V.A.: Acta Physicochim. URSS 22 (1948) 351. Galinker, V.S.: Zh. Obshch. Khim. 19 (1949) 2048. Carlson, C.L., Malmberg, E.W., Brovon, D.I.: J. Phys. Chem. 54 (1950) 322. Berne, B., Leden, I.: Z. Naturforsch. A 8 (1953) 719. Bjerrum, J., Jörgensen, C.K.: Acta Chem. Scand. 7 (1953) 951 Marshall, H.P., Grünwald, E.: J. Chem. Phys. 21 (1953) 2143. Everett, D.M., Rasmussen, S.E.: J. Chem. Soc. (1954) 2812. Pavlopoulos, T., Strehlow, H.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt/Main) 2 (1954) 89. Turyan, Ya.I.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 28 (1954) 2152. Turyan, Ya.I.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 28 (1954) 2129. Furlani, C.: Ann. Chim. (Paris) 45 (1955) 264. Hamer, W.H., Malmberg, M.S., Rubin, B.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 103 (1956) 8. Mukherjee, L.M.: J. Phys. Chem. 60 (1956) 974. Turyan, Ya.I.: Zh. Anal. Khim. 11 (1956) 71. Tutundžik, P.S., Putanov, P.: Glas. Hem. Drust. (Beograd) 21 (1956) 19. Tutundžik, P.S., Putanov, P.: Glas. Hem. Drust. (Beograd) 21 (1956) 257. Mukherjee, L.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (1957) 4040. Bräuer, K., Strehlow, H.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 17 (1958) 346. Fischer, L., Winkler, G., Jander, G.: Z. Elektrochem. 62 (1958) 1. Mandel, M., Decroly, P.: Nature (London) 182 (1958) 794. Schwabe, K., Ziegenbalg, S.: Z. Elektrochem. 62 (1958) 172. Jakuszewski, B., Taniewska-Osinka, S.: Acta Chim. Soc. Sci. Lodz. 4 (1959) 17. Schwabe, K., Schwenk, W.: Z. Elektrochem. 63 (1959) 441. Schwabe, K., Schwenk, W.: Z. Elektrochem. 63 (1959) 445. Ryzhov, E.M., Sukhotin, A.N.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 34 (1960) 1402. Ives, D.J.G., Janz, G.J.: Reference Electrodes, New York: Academic Press, 1961. Jakuszewski, B.J., Taneewska-Osinska, S.: Zesz. Nauk Uniw. Lodz. Ser. 2 (1961) 10. Jakuszewski, B., Taniewska-Osinska, S.: Acta Chim. Soc. Sci. Lodz. 7 (1961) 37. Nunez, L.J., Day, M.C.: J. Phys. Chem. 65 (1961) 164. Tézé, A., Schaal, R.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 252 (1961) 3995. Jakuszewski, B., Taniewska-Osinka, S.: Rocz. Chem. 36 (1962) 329. Chateau, M., Moncet, M.C.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 256 (1963) 1504. Jakuszewski, B., Kozlowski, Z.: Rocz. Chem. 38 (1964) 93. Rao, J.P., Murthy, A.R.V.: J. Phys. Chem. 68 (1964) 1573. Dawson, R.L., Sheridan, R.C., Eckstrom, H.C.: J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 1335. Hefley, J.D., Amis, E.S.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 112 (1965) 336. Jakuszewski, B., Jedraejwska, J.B.: Rocz. Chem. 39 (1965) 907. Kolthoff, I.M., Thomas, F.G.: J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 3049. Mukherjee, L.M., Bruckenstein, S., Badawai, F.A.K.: J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 2544. Kratochvil, B., Krock, J.: J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 944. Rosztoczy, F.E., Tobias, C.W.: Electrochim. Acta 11 (1966) 857.

R2 67Aga 67Alf 67Coe 67DeR 67Sen2 67Smy 68Ben 68Bro2 68Bro3 68Dil 68Mar1 68Muk 68Scr 69Hla 69Muk 70Ber 70Bod 70Bré 70Des 70Kun1 70Kun2 70Leu 71And 71Gue 71Nay 71Sen 72Kun 72LHe 72Pet3 72Roy 73Bod 73Coe 73Nay 74Bat2 74Bro2 74Con2 74Kun 74Lie 75Ale2 75Das1 75Das2 75Das4 75Das5 75Nev 78Lag 83Maz

Agarwal, R.K., Nayak, R.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 2062. Alfenaar, M., De Ligny, C.L., Remijnse, A.G.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 86 (1967) 555. Coetzee, T.F., Campion, J.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89 (1967) 2513. De Rossi, M., Pecci, G., Scrosati, B.: Ric. Sci. 37 (1967) 342. Sen, B., Kundu, K., Das, M.N.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 3665. Smyrl, W.H.: Diss. Abstr. B 28 (1967) 637. Benoit, R.L.: Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 4 (1968) 723. Broadbank, R.W.C., Dhabanandana, S., Morcom, K.W., Muju, B.L.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 64 (1968) 3311. Broadbank, R.W.C., Muju, B.L., Morcom, K.W.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 64 (1968) 3318. Dill, A.J., Itzkovits, V.: J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 4580 Marcom, K.W., Muju, B.L.: Nature (London) 217 (1968) 1046. Mukerjee, L.M., Kelly, J.J., Baranetzky, W., Sica, J.: J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 3410. Scrosati, B., Pecci, G., Pistoia, G.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (1968) 506. Hladky, Z., Vrestal, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 34 (1969) 984. Mukherjee, L.M., Kelly, J.J., Richards, M., Lukacs jr., J.M.: J. Phys. Chem. 73 (1969) 580. Berardelli, M.J., Pecci, G., Scrosati, B.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 117 (1970) 781. Boden, D.P.: Diss. Abstr. B 31 (1970) 3223. Bréant, M., Buisson, C.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 24 (1970) 145. Desmarquet, J.P., Trinh-Dinh, C., Bolck, O.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 27 (1970) 101. Kundu, K.K., Chattopadhyay, P.K., Jana, D., Das, M.N.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 15 (1970) 209. Kundu, K.K., Chattopadhyay, P.K., Jana, D., Das, M.N.: J. Phys. Chem. 74 (1970) 2625. Leuscke, W., Schwabe, K.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 25 (1970) 219. Andrews, A.W., Armitage, D.A., Broadbank, R.W.C., Morcom, K.W.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 67 (1971) 128. Guérin, G.D., Caillet, A.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 273 (1971) 235. Nayak, B., Saku, D.K.: Electrochim. Acta 16 (1971) 1757. Senne, J.K., Kratochvil, B.: Anal. Chem. 43 (1971) 79. Kundu, K.K., Rakshit, A.K., Das, M.N.: Electrochim. Acta 17 (1972) 1921. L'Her, M., Courtot-Coupez, J.: Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. (1972) 3645. Petit, G., Besssiere, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 34 (1972) 489. Roy, R.N., Vernon, W., Gibbons, J.J., Bothwell, A.L.M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 34 (1972) 101. Boden, D.P., Mukherjee, L.M.: Electrochim. Acta 18 (1973) 781. Coetzee, J.F., Campion, J.J., Liberman, D.R.: Anal. Chem. 45 (1973) 343. Nayak, B., Dash, U.N.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 41 (1973) 323. Bates, F.L., Nee, Y.T.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 79. Brown, O.R., Thornton, S.A.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 70 (1974) 1009. Contreras-Ortega, C.H., Rock, P.A.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 1048. Kundu, K.K., Jana, D., Das, M.N.: J. Chem. Eng. Data 19 (1974) 329. Lietzke, M.H., Lemmonds, T.J.: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 36 (1974) 2299. Aleksandrov, V.V., Bezpalyi, B.N.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 49 (1975) 1314. Dash, U.N., Nayak, B.: Aust. J. Chem. 28 (1975) 1657. Dash, U.N., Nayak, B.: Thermochim. Acta 11 (1975) 17. Dash, U.N.: Thermochim. Acta 12 (1975) 197. Dash, U.N.: Aust. J. Chem. 28 (1975) 1653. Nevskaya, Yu.A., Korotkova, P.I., Sumarova, T.N.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1660. Lagowski, J.J.: The Chemistry of Non-aqueous Solutions, Vol. 1, London: Academic Press, 1978. Mazzarese, J., Popvych, O.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 130 (1983) 2032.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

54

1 Electrode potentials

Table 1.4. Nonmetal electrode potentials in nonaqueous 1) electrolyte systems. Electrode Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 2)

T [K] 3) ESHE [V] 4) Ref.

2– B10 H14 →B10H14+2e−, acetonitrile, Et4NClO4, Bu4NClO4 Boron (B) Bromine 2Br−→Br2+2e−

(Br)

−

−

3Br → Br +2e , acetonitrile, (C2H5)4NClO4 – 3

−

2Br →3Br2+2e , acetonitrile, (C2H5)4NClO4 – 3

−

2Br →3Br2+2e , nitromethane, (C2H5)4NClO4 – 3

−

−

3Br → Br +2e , nitromethane, (C2H5)4NClO4 – 3

−

–0.539 5) 68Cha 0.8617 59Jak 293

0.22

68Mar2

293

0.83

68Mar2

293

1.24

68Mar2

293

0.63

68Mar2

−

Chlorine 2Cl →Cl2+2e , methanol (Cl) 2Cl−→Cl2+2e−, acetonitrile Fluorine HF→F+H++e−, HF+1.5 wt%H2O (F) Iodine 2I−→I2+2e−, methanol (I)

−

1.1272 59Jak 0.60 68Mar2

−

3I → I +2e , acetonitrile, LiClO4 – 3

3I−→ I3– +2e−, nitromethane, (C2H5)4NClO4 Oxygen (O) 6) Tetratetrachlorbenzoquinone+2e−+2H+→tetrachlorohydroquinone, chlor1 m, anhydrous acetic acid benzoquinone

293

2.85

68Wat

0.357

59Jak

–0.124

61Des

0.28

68Mar2

0.680

33Hes

1

) Mixed solvent systems containing water are included below even in case water is only a minor constituent. ) Details are given only if relevant for the stated value of ESHE. 3 ) All data refer to standard (room) temperature T = 298 K if not stated otherwise. 4 ) All potentials refer to a standard hydrogen electrode in the used solvent. Exemptions are stated explicitly. 5 ) Potential reported versus a saturated calomel electrode, converted assuming ESCE= –0.241 V vs. SHE. 6 ) An extensive review on oxygen reference electrodes with solid electroytes is available [00Mal]. 2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 33Hes 59Jak 61Des 68Cha 68Mar2 68Wat 00Mal

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Heston, B.O., Hall, N.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4729; 56 (1934) 1462. Jakuszewski, B., Taniewska-Osinka, S.: Acta Chim. Soc. Sci. Lodz. 4 (1959) 17. Desbarres, J.: Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. (1961) 502. Chambers, J.Q., Norman, A.D., Bickell, M.R., Cadle, S.H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90 (1968) 6056. Marchon, J.C.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 267 (1968) 1123. Watanabe, N., Chang, T., Nakanishi, K.: Denki Kagaku 36 (1968) 600. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M., Subasri, R.: J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 20 (2000) 2297.

1 Electrode potentials

55

Table 1.5. Formal potentials of organic redox systems. Electrode Electrode reaction 1), electrolyte system 2)

RE

E0 [V]

Ref.

Platinum C6H4-1,4-(CN)20/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM (Pt) N C C N

FeC

–2.16

03Les

FeC

–2.46

79Rus

FeC

–2.57

03Les

FeC

–0.44

03Les

FeC

–2.57

03Les

FeC

–0.41

03Les

FeC

–2.57

03Les

FeC

0.07

79Rus

FeC

–0.38

03Les

FeC

–2.46

79Rus

FeC

–0.43

03Les

FeC

–2.16

03Les

FeC

–2.76

05Vat

FeC

–2.51

05Vat

[(R3P)Ag-4-NC5H4-CN-Ag(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, 4-NC5H4-CN0/– N

C N

[(R3P)Ag-bipy-Ag(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, bipy0/– N

N

[(R3P)Cu-bipy-Cu(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, Cu(I)/Cu(II) N

N

[(R3P)Cu-bipy-Cu(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, bipy0/– N

N

[(R3P)Ag-bipy-Cu(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, Cu(I)/Cu(II) N

N

[(R3P)Ag-bipy-Cu(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, bipy0/– N

N

[(R3P)Ag-4-NC5H4-CN-Ag(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, Cu(I)/Cu(II) [(R3P)Ag-4-NC5H4-CN-Ag(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, Cu(I)/Cu(II) [(R3P)Ag-4-NC5H4-CN-Ag(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, 4-NC5H4-CN0/– [(R3P)Cu-NC-C6H4-CN-Cu(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, Cu(I)/Cu(II) [(R3P)Cu-NC-C6H4-CN-Cu(PR3)]2+/1+, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 1 mM, R=C6H4CH2NMe2-2, C6H4-1,4-(CN)20/– 2,2’-bipyridine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM N

N

4,4’-bipyridine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM N

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

N

56

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode Electrode reaction 1), electrolyte system 2) Pt

RE

E0 [V]

Ref.

FeC

–2.71

05Vat

2,5-dipyridin-2-yl-pyrazine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM FeC

–2.15

05Vat

–2.51

05Vat

–2.03

05Vat

FeC

–2.66

05Vat

FeC

–2.17

05Vat

1,2-bis(4-pyridinyl)ethylene0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM FeC

–2.27

05Vat

FeC

–2.21

05Vat

FeC

–2.06

05Vat

[2,2’;6,6’]terpyridine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM N N

N N

N

N

N

2,3-dipyridin-2-yl-pyrazine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM FeC N

N N

N

1,3,5-tris(2-pyridyl)triazine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM FeC N N

N N

N

N

[1,10]phenanthroline0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM

N

N

2,5-bis(4-pyridinyl)[1,2,4]oxadiazol0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM N

N

O N N

N N

1,4-bis(2-(4-pyridinyl)ethenyl)benzene0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM N N

4-[2-(4-pyridinyl)ethenyl]-N-(4-pyridinylmethylene)N-benzylamine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM N N N

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 Electrode potentials Electrode Electrode reaction 1), electrolyte system 2) N,N’-bis(4-pyridinylmethylene)1,4-benzenediamine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM

57

RE

E0 [V]

Ref.

FeC

–2.00

05Vat

FeC

–2.18

05Vat

FeC

–1.92

05Vat

FeC

–1.61

05Vat

FeC

–1.78

05Vat

FeC

–1.92

05Vat

FeC

–1.75

05Vat

FeC

–1.89

05Vat

N N

N N

N,N’-bis(3-pyridinylmethylene)1,4-benzenediamine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM N N

N N

4-pyridinaldazine0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM N N N N

2,5-bis(4-pyridinylmethylene)cyclopentaone0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

N

2,5-bis(3-pyridinylmethylene)cyclopentanone0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

N

2,5-bis(phenylmethylene)cyclopentanone0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

2,6-bis(4-pyridinylmethylene)cyclohexaone0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

N

2,6-bis(3-pyridinylmethylene)cyclohexanone0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

N

58

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode Electrode reaction 1), electrolyte system 2) Pt

2,6-bis(phenylmethylene)cyclohexanone0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM

RE

E0 [V]

Ref.

FeC

–2.07

05Vat

FeC

–1.71

05Vat

FeC

–1.83

05Vat

FeC

–1.85

05Vat

FeC

–1.93

05Vat

FeC

–1.71

05Vat

O

1-methyl-3,5-bis(4-pyridinylmethylene)piperidin-4-one0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

N

N

1-methyl-3,5-bis(3-pyridinylmethylene)piperidin-4-one0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

N

N

1-isopropyl-3,5-bis(4-pyridinylmethylene)piperdin-4-one0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

N

N

1-isopropyl-3,5-bis(3-pyridinylmethylene)piperdin-4-one0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

N

N

1-benzyl-3,5-bis(4-pyridinylmethylene)piperidin-4-one0/–, THF, 0.1 M [n-Bu4N][PF6], 5 mM O

N

N

N Ph

1

) In order to avoid cumbersome notation and excessive length of entries caused by repetition of long formulas assigned to the oxidized and the reduced state of the species under investigation the name of the potential-determiningcompound is given once only. The superscript denotes the involved states of oxidation. The initial state is given first, the final state second as encountered in the experimental method applied. 2 ) Details are given only if relevant for the stated value of ESHE.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 79Rus 03Les 05Vat

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Rusina, A., Vlcek, A.A., Zalis, S.: Z. Chem. 19 (1979) 27. Leschke, M., Lang, H., Holze, R.: J. Solid State Electrochem. 7 (2003) 518. Vatsadze, S., Al-Anber, M., Thiel, W.R., Lang, H., Holze, R.: J. Solid State Electrochem. 9 (2005) 764.

1 Electrode potentials

59

Table 1.6. Potentials of common reference electrodes in aqueous solution. Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 1)

Copper (Cu)

Cu→Cu2++2e−, sol. sat. CuSO4

Lead (Pb) Pb(Hg) Mercury (Hg)

0.320

61Ive

− Pb+ SO 2– 4 →PbSO4+2e , sol. sat. K2SO4

–0.276

57Kor

− Pb+ SO 2– 4 →PbSO4+Hg+2e

–0.351

35Har, 34Shr2 57Kor 61Ive, 54Cha

2Hg+2I−→Hg2I2+2e− 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. sat. Hg2Cl2 and in KCl E [Vint.]=0.2412–6.61·10–5(T–25°C)–1.75·10–6(T–25°C)2 –9·10–10(T–25°C) 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. sat. Hg2Cl2 and in KCl

2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. sat. Hg2Cl2 and in NaCl 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. sat. Hg2Cl2, sol. 0.1 M in KCl E [Vint.]=0.3337–8.75·10–5(T–25°C)–3·10–6(T–25°C)2 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. sat. Hg2Cl2, sol. 0.1 m in KCl E [Vint.]=0.3339–7.75·10–5(T–25°C)–3·10–6(T–25°C)2 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. sat. Hg2Cl2, sol. 1 M in KCl E [Vint.]=0.2801–2.75·10–5(T–25 °C)–2.5·10–6(T–25 °C)2 –4·10–9(T–25 °C) 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−, sol. sat. Hg2Cl2, sol. 1 m in KCl E [Vint.]=0.2809–2.65·10–5(T–25 °C)–2.63·10–6(T–25 °C)2 2Hg+2Cl−→Hg2Cl2+2e−

Silver (Ag)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T [K, °C] ESHE 2) [V] Ref.

–0.0405 0.2412

0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C

0.2568 *) 54Cha 0.2507 *) 54Cha 0.2444 *) 54Cha 0.2412 *) 54Cha 0.2378 *) 54Cha 0.2307 *) 54Cha 0.2233 *) 54Cha 0.2154 *) 54Cha 0.2071 *) 54Cha 0.2360 01Bar 0.3337 01Bar 54Cha 0.3339 54Cha 54Cha 0.2801 61Ive, 54Cha 0.2809 0.268

54Cha 54Cha 43Mül, 28Ran 01Bar 26Fri, 34Kob

Hg+2OH−→HgO+H2O+2e−, sol. sat. HgO, sol. 0.1 M NaOH Hg+2OH−→HgO+H2O+2e−

0.926 0.098

− Hg+ SO 2– 4 →HgSO4+2e , sol. 0.5 M K2SO4

0.680

01Bar

− Hg+ SO 2– 4 →HgSO4+2e , sol. sat. K2SO4

0.640

01Bar

Ag+Br →AgBr+e

0.071

Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−

0.2224

36Har2, 37Har1, 43Har, 35Kes, 36Owe 32Har1, 43Har, 33Pre

−

−

60

1 Electrode potentials

Electrode

Electrode reaction, electrolyte solution 1)

Ag

Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, sat. KCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, sol. 3 M KCl Ag+Cl−→AgCl+e−, sol. 0.1 M KCl Ag+I−→AgI+e− Ag+I−→AgI+e−

Thallium(Hg) Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, TlCl, sol. 3.5 M KCl, HCl 3) (Tl)(Hg) Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, TlCl, sol. 3.5 M KCl, oxalate Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, TlCl, sol. 3.5 M KCl, phosphate Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, TlCl, sol. 3.5 M KCl, borax Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, TlCl, sat. KCl, HCl Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, TlCl, sat. KCl, phosphate Tl+Cl−→TlCl+e−, TlCl, sat. KCl, borax Quinhydroquinone→quinone+2e–+2H+ hydrone

T [K, °C] ESHE 2) [V] Ref.

298 K 4) 298 K 298 K 298 K 298 K 298 K 298 K

0.197 0.207 0.289 –0.152 –0.15225

01Bar 01Bar 01Bar 35Owe 57Kor

–0.5706 –0.5703 –0.5713 –0.5709 –0.5734 –0.5766 –0.5795

74Bau 74Bau 74Bau 74Bau 74Bau 74Bau 74Bau

0.69969 33Har2

1

) Details are given only if relevant for the stated value of ESHE. ) All potentials refer to a standard hydrogen electrode in the used solvent. Exceptions are stated explicitly. 3 ) This electrode is frequently called 'Thalamid™-electrode'. 4 ) For a detailed listing of temperature-dependent potential values see [74Bau]. * ) In [Vint.]. 2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 26Fri 28Ran 32Har1 33Har2 33Pre 34Kob 34Shr2 35Har 35Kes 35Owe 36Har2 36Owe 37Har1 43Har 43Mül 54Cha 57Kor 61Ive 74Bau 01Bar

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Fried, F.: Z. Phys. Chem. 123 (1926) 406. Randall, M., Young, L.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50 (1928) 989. Harned, H.S., Ehlers, R.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 1350. Harned, H.S., Wright, D.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4849. Prentiss, S.S., Scatchard, G.: Chem. Rev. 13 (1933) 139. Kobayashi, Y., Wang, H.Y.: J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. Ser. A Math. Phys. Chem. 5 (1934) 392. Shrawder jr., J., Cowperthwaite, J.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 2340. Harned, H.S., Hamer, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 27. Keston, A.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 1526. Owen, B.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 1926. Harned, H.S., Keston, A.S., Donelson, J.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 989. Owen, B.B., Foering, L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 1575. Harned, H.S., Donelson, J.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1280. Harned, H.S., Owen, B.B.: The Physical Chemistry of Electrolytic Solutions, New York: Reinhold, 1943. Müller, F., Reuther, H.: Z. Elektrochem. 49 (1943) 497. Chateau, H.: J. Chim. Phys. 51 (1954) 590. Kortüm, G.: Lehrbuch der Elektrochemie, Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1957. Ives, D.J.G., Janz, G.J.: Reference Electrodes, New York: Academic Press, 1961. Baucke, F.G.K.: Chem. Ing. Techn. 46 (1974) 71. Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.: Electrochemical Methods, 2nd ed., New York: Wiley, 2001.

2 Cell voltages

61

2 Cell voltages

2.1 Definition of cell voltage Between the terminals of an electrochemical cell composed of two electrodes (i.e. two half cells) a voltage being equivalent to the electrode potential difference between both terminals appears. This voltage measured in the absence of any electrical current flowing across the participating interfaces has also been called electromotive force or - particularly confusing - cell potential. Subsequently - as in the previous section - the term potential is reserved for use with an electrode (a half cell) having of course in mind, that by definition this electrode potential value is numerically equivalent to the cell voltage of a cell composed of this electrode and the standard hydrogen electrode, whereas voltage refers to a complete cell. The measured cell voltage is composed of the electrode potentials and further contributions. As discussed in detail above an electrode potential is actually the potential difference between the bulk of two phases. Beyond these two obvious contributions of the electrodes to the cell voltage further potential steps or differences e.g. at the interface between the electrolyte solutions established by a porous frit or a membrane may be present. At first glance a listing of cell voltages might seem to be superfluous, because it might contain only differences between electrode potentials already listed in the previous chapter. As already mentioned additional contributions might be involved, also certain useful electrode compositions might have not been studied as single electrodes, but only in complete cells. In addition the growing number of sensor systems based on the measurement of the voltage of an electrochemical cell has stimulated interest in cell voltages. The use of solid state electrochemical cells has been reviewed [89Jac], the applicability of CaF2 as a solid electrolyte has been discussed extensively [89Aza3]. The influence of interfacial potentials (diffusion or liquid junction potentials) established at the boundary between two different electrolyte solutions (based on e.g. aqueous and nonaqueous solvents) has been investigated frequently, for a thorough overview see Jakuszewski and Woszczak [68Jak2]. Concerning the usage of absolute and international Volt see preceding chapter. General remarks on the tables Cells are arranged according to the first chemical element of the electrode material first mentioned in the entry (left hand side according to the Stockholm convention, negative pole in common terms). When an element has been used as amalgam also the amalgam entries follow those obtained with the pure element. Within every group the potential-determining constituent of the other electrode serves as next order criterion. A final ordering criterion is the composition of the electrolyte solution, with the organic solvents arranged according to Hill’s system [00Hil] with the ordering of the element symbol and trivial names kept in the usual manner. Metal contacts mentioned for completeness and other construction elements are not taken into account (although they are mentioned especially when explicitly stated in the original report) in this arrangement, although they may be mentioned when provided in the original report. In case of redox electrodes, where both potential-determining species are dissolved, the metal (or any other electron conducting material) is used instead. The reader searching for a cell containing such redox electrode may start looking at frequently used electrode materials (platinum, mercury, carbon) first. Concentration of the electrolyte solution constituents are given in the units as originally reported. When no concentration is given, unity values are assumed, thus the cell voltage refers to a standard cell voltage (although this term does not seem to be properly defined) with two standard electrodes combined. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

62

2 Cell voltages

Vertical lines indicate phase boundaries inside the cell. Double bars indicate inserted porous separators in order to avoid intermixing of liquid phases. In case of states composed of several solid phases serving as electronic conductors and/or as electrolytes with no well defined boundaries or other reasons reported in the original publications, where sometimes no phase boundaries are explicitly stated, this is carefully reflected in the tables below. The sequence of electrodes follows the Stockholm convention, i.e. the electrode forming the negative terminal of a cell (the minus pole of the cell) is always given first (left hand). Frequently data referring to variable concentrations of an electrolyte solution constituent are given. Sometimes the cell voltage varies as a function of the said concentration resulting in an inversion of polarity. Strictly adhering to the stated convention would result in a separation of this list from subsequent entries of a second part found at the entry of the respective element of the initially right-hand side electrode. This would cause considerable searching for the reader. To avoid this the cell voltages, where the negative terminal is on the right-hand side of the description of the cell, are marked by a minus sign.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 00Hil 68Jak2 89Aza3 89Jac

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Hill, E.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 22 (1900) 478. Jakuszewski, B., Kozlowski, Z.: Soc. Sci. Lodz. Acta Chim. 13 (1968) 21. Azad, A.M., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Appl. Electrochem. 19 (1989) 475. Jacob, K.T., Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M.: Solid State Ionics 34 (1989) 167.

2 Cell voltages

63

Table 2.1. Cell voltages with aqueous electrolyte systems. 1) Cell composition 2) Barium (Ba) BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.01 MŒBaCl2, 0.005 MŇBaxHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.005 MŒBaCl2, 0.0025 MŇBaxHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.0025 MŒBaCl2, 0.00125 MŇBaxHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.00125 MŒBaCl2, 0.000625 MŇBaxHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.0500 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.1159 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.2293 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.2373 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.4546 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.4786 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.8807 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

BaxHgŇBaCl2, 1.4015 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 1.5271 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 1.5713 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BaxHgŇBaCl2, 1.7783 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Beryllium (Be) BeŇBe(ClO4)2, 0.005 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BeŇBe(ClO4)2, 0.05 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BeŇBeSO4, 0.05 M, KCl, 0.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg BeŇBeSO4, 0.1 M, KCl, 0.5 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Bromine (Br) Pt, Br2, 0.00385 MŇHBr, 0.3 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0068 MŇHBr, 0.6 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.01275 MŇHBr, 1.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0233 MŇHBr, 2.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0446 MŇHBr, 3.7 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0594 MŇHBr, 5.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0684 MŇHBr, 6.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0733 MŇHBr, 7.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0743 MŇHBr, 8.5 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.00385 MŇHBr, 0.3 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0068 MŇHBr, 0.6 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.01275 MŇHBr, 1.0 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.00700 0.00725 0.00731 0.00728 2.0072 2.0453 2.0595 1.9832 2.0183 2.0317 1.9631 2.0090 1.9953 1.9433 1.9738 1.9838 1.9199 1.9489 1.9598 1.9003 1.9243 1.9333 1.9166

32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip 34Tip

0.804 0.825 0.820 1.029

30Bir 30Bir 27Bod 27Bod

18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C

0.0433 0.0764 0.1020 0.1433 0.2013 0.2397 0.2681 0.2949 0.3340 0.0264

32Wil 32Wil 32Wil 32Wil 32Wil 32Wil 32Wil 32Wil 32Wil 32Wil

18 °C

0.0475

32Wil

18 °C

0.0648

32Wil

273 K 298 K 308 K 273 K 298 K 308 K 273 K 308 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 308 K 273 K 298 K 308 K 273 K 298 K 308 K 298 K

64

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, Br2, 0.0233 MŇHBr, 2.0 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0446 MŇHBr, 3.7 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0594 MŇHBr, 5.0 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0684 MŇHBr, 6.0 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0733 MŇHBr, 7.0 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Pt, Br2, 0.0743 MŇHBr, 8.5 MŒKCl, 3.0 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.001575 M, Pt Cadmium (Cd) CdŇCdSO4, 0.5 mŇCdsat.Hg

CdŇCdI2, 0.0039 m, AgI,sol.ŇAg CdŇCdI2, 0.0098 m, AgI,sol.ŇAg CdŇCdI2, 0.0197 m, AgI,sol.ŇAg CdŇCdI2, 0.0389 m, AgI,sol.ŇAg CdŇCdI2, 0.0969 m, AgI,sol.ŇAg CdŇCdI2, 0.2021 m, AgI,sol.ŇAg CdŇCdI2, 0.4883 m, AgI,sol.ŇAg CdŇCdI2, 1.0274 m, AgI,sol.ŇAg CdŇCdBr2, 0.0012 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.0029 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.0048 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.0117 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.0293 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.0476 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.0732 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.1172 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.1872 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.2929 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 0.4756 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdBr2, 3.1594 m, Hg2Br2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.00086 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.0031 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.0062 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.0086 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.0164 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.0311 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.0622 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.0819 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.1556 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.3113 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 5.035 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

18 °C

0.0989

32Wil

18 °C

0.1437

32Wil

18 °C

0.1745

32Wil

18 °C

0.2002

32Wil

18 °C

0.2236

32Wil

18 °C

0.2588

32Wil

0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C

0.0554 0.0536 0.0515 0.0495 0.4648 0.4425 0.4325 0.4250 0.4102 0.3993 0.3869 0.3740 0.7624 0.7507 0.7368 0.7202 0.6993 0.6915 0.6805 0.6733 0.6640 0.6551 0.6452 0.6051 0.9155 0.8667 0.8727 0.8485 0.8325 0.8198 0.8063 0.8014 0.7866 0.7752 0.7311

34Par 34Par 34Par 34Par 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) CdŇCdCl2, 5.909 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.00966 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.04805 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.09986 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.20027 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.28766 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.49084 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdCl2, 0.99472 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 0.0014 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 0.0055 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 0.0139 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 0.0554 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 0.1328 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 0.1386 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 0.2217 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 0.5542 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 1.386 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 2.125 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 2.656 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4, 3.698 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4*8/3 H2O,sol., H2SO4, 0.078 MŒH2SO4, 0.078 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4*8/3 H2O,sol., H2SO4, 0.195 MŒH2SO4, 0.195 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4*8/3 H2O,sol., H2SO4, 0.756 MŒH2SO4, 0.756 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4*8/3 H2O,sol., H2SO4, 1.151 MŒH2SO4, 1.151 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4*8/3 H2O,sol., H2SO4, 0.021 MŒH2SO4, 0.021 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇCdSO4*8/3 H2O,sol., H2SO4, 0.078 MŒH2SO4, 0.078 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg CdŇK2Cd(CN)4, 9.13 mM, KCN, 3.56 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇK2Cd(CN)4, 9.13 mM, KCN, 16.93 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇK2Cd(CN)4, 7.44 mM, KCN, 15.83 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇK2Cd(CN)4, 2.92 mM, KCN, 26.55 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CdŇCdI2, 0.0030 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 0.0040 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 0.0050 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 0.0099 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 0.0196 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 0.0389 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 0.0968 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 0.2030 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 0.4897 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 1.0274 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb CdŇCdI2, 1.2967 m, PbI2,sol.ŇPb

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

65

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.7286 0.8465 0.8117 0.7954 0.7821 0.7763 0.7663 0.7555 1.1438 1.1484 1.1399 1.1285 1.1178 1.1153 1.1130 1.1034 1.0926 1.0810 1.0768 1.0656 15.67 °C 1.0184 20 °C 1.0182 20 °C 1.0181 15.67 °C 1.0178 20 °C 1.0172 1.0180 1.0179 14 °C 0.952

28Get2 31Get2 31Get2 31Get2 31Get2 31Get2 31Get2 31Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 28Get2 18Oba 18Oba 18Oba 18Oba 18Oba 26Vos 26Vos 32Bri

14 °C

1.013

32Bri

14 °C

0.982

32Bri

14 °C

1.022

32Bri

0.2542 0.2487 0.2463 0.2332 0.2232 0.2142 0.2017 0.1923 0.1807 0.1674 0.1678

28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1 28Get1

66

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.57390–394·10–6(T–25 °C)–3.63·10–6(T–25 °C)2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, 0.0005 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.8539+560·10–6(T–25 °C)–3.48·10–6(T–25 °C)2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, 0.001 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.82997+494·10–6(T–25 °C)–3.40·10–6(T–25 °C)2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, 0.005 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.77851+356·10–6(T–25 °C)–3.13·10–6(T–25 °C)2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.75846+305·10–6(T–25 °C)–2.93·10–6(T–25 °C)2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.71739+185·10–6(T–25 °C)–2.05·10–6(T–25 °C)2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.70175+136·10–-6(T–25 °C)–1.68·10–6(T–25 °C)2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.66864+48·10–6(T–25 °C)–0.80·10–6(T–25 °C)2) CdŇCd11wt%HgŇCdCl2, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.65640+12·10–6(T–25 °C)–0.44·10–6(T–25 °C)2) Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2*4 H2O,sat., AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2,sat., AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 0.0100 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 0.01993 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 0.05629 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 0.100 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 0.3026 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 0.5444 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 0.9996 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 1.896 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdBr2, 3.082 m, AgBrŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2, 0.0101 m, AgClŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2, 0.05056 m, AgClŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2, 0.1000 m, AgClŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2, 0.5101 m, AgClŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2, 0.9999 m, AgClŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2, 2.045 m, AgClŇAg Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2, 6.146 m, AgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2ŇAgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2, 4.0972 mm, Na3citrate, 5.2310 mm, AgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2, 4.9487 mm, Na3citrate, 7.6584 mm, AgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2, 5.0353 mm, Na3citrate, 6.3399 mm, AgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2, 5.6126 mm, Na3citrate, 7.1657 mm, AgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2, 6.5715 mm, Na3citrate, 7.7265 mm, AgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2, 7.2661 mm, Na3citrate, 8.8274 mm, AgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2, 7.8425 mm, Na3citrate, 10.012 mm, AgClŇAg CdHgŇCdCl2, 8.4232 mm, Na3citrate, 10.551 mm, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

25 °C

0.57390 36Har1

25 °C

0.8539

25 °C

0.82997 36Har1

25 °C

0.77851 36Har1

25 °C

0.75846 36Har1

25 °C

0.71739 36Har1

25 °C

0.70175 36Har1

25 °C

0.66864 36Har1

25 °C

0.65640 36Har1

35.6 °C 40 °C

24.96 °C 24.96 °C 24.96 °C 24.96 °C 24.96 °C 24.96 °C 24.96 °C 24.96 °C

36Har1

0.4883 0.3776 0.4776 0.5932 0.5756 0.5515 0.5395 0.5264 0.5101 0.5005 0.4888 0.4777 0.7406 0.6995 0.6843 0.6534 0.6424 0.6317 0.6105 0.5744 0.8293 0.82803 0.82809 0.81870 0.81021 0.80792 0.80722 0.80476

32Spe1 32Spe1 32Spe1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 29Luc1 58Tre1 58Tre2 58Tre2 58Tre2 58Tre2 58Tre2 58Tre2 58Tre2 58Tre2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Cd10wt%HgŇCdBr2*4 H2O, CdBr2,sat., Hg2Br2ŇHg

Cd10wt%HgŇCdBr2,sol., CdBr2,sat., Hg2Br2ŇHg

Cd10wt%HgŇCdBr2, 52.90wt%, Hg2Br2ŇHg

Cd10wt%HgŇCdBr2, 46.34wt%, Hg2Br2ŇHg Cd10wt%HgŇCdBr2, 48.15wt%, Hg2Br2ŇHg Cd10wt%HgŇCdBr2, 50.82wt%, Hg2Br2ŇHg Cd10wt%HgŇCdBr2, 52.14wt%, Hg2Br2ŇHg Cd9wt%HgŇCdI2,sol., CdI2,sat., Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 0.001025 mŒCdI2, 0.001025 m, Hg2I2ŇHg Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 0.0050 mŒCdI2, 0.0050 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 0.0100 mŒCdI2, 0.0100 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 0.02015 mŒCdI2, 0.02015 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 0.0500 mŒCdI2, 0.0500 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 0.100 mŒCdI2, 0.100 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 0.250 mŒCdI2, 0.250 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 0.4843 mŒCdI2, 0.4843 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 1.000 mŒCdI2, 1.000 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 1.983 mŒCdI2, 1.983 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 2.366 mŒCdI2, 2.366 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

67

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35.5 °C 36 °C 36.5 °C 37.5 °C 38 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 25 °C 25 °C 25 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C

0.5581 0.5561 0.5539 0.5510 0.5507 0.5509 0.5512 0.5513 0.5563 0.5580 0.5597 0.5633 0.5614 0.5586 0.5571 0.4171 0.4189 0.4207 0.5695 0.5252 0.5296 0.5341 0.5083 0.5123 0.5165 0.4932 0.4969 0.5006 0.4779 0.4811 0.4846 0.4679 0.4709 0.4739 0.4557 0.4584 0.4611 0.4467 0.4493 0.4519 0.4351 0.4375 0.4400 0.4209 0.4233 0.4258 0.4170

Ref. 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 33Ish4 28Yos 28Yos 28Yos 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat 37Bat

68

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 2.404 mŒCdI2, 2.404 m, Hg2I2ŇHg Cdsat.HgŇCdI2, 2.453 mŒCdI2, 2.453 m, Hg2I2ŇHg Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2*2.5 H2O,sat.ŒCdCl2*2.5 H2O,sat., Hg2Cl2,sol.ŇHg

Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2*H2O,sat.ŒCdCl2*1H2O,sat., Hg2Cl2,sol.ŇHg Cd10wt%HgŇCd(OH)2,sol., NaOH, 1.0%, HgO,sol.ŇHg Cd10wt%HgŇCd(OH)2,sol., NaOH, 33%, HgO,sol.ŇHg Cd8wt%HgŇCdSO4ŇCd0.74wt%Hg

Cd8wt%HgŇCdSO4ŇCd2.12wt%Hg Cd8wt%HgŇCdSO4ŇCd2.77wt%Hg Cd8wt%HgŇCdSO4ŇCd4.76wt%Hg Cd8wt%HgŇCdSO4ŇCd5.87wt%Hg Cd10...13wt%HgŇCdSO48·8/3H2Osat., H2O⏐Hg2SO4,sat., H2O⏐Hg (UT [V]=U293K–[4.06·10–5(T–293 K)–0.95·10–6(T–293 K) +1·10–8(T–293 K)]) (Weston-Cell) Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2*2.5 H2O,sat.ŒCdCl2*2.5 H2O,sat., PbCl2,sol.ŇPb6wt%Hg

Cdsat.HgŇCdCl2*H2O,sat.ŒCdCl2*1H2O,sat., PbCl2,sol.ŇPb6wt%Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.0005 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.001 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.002 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.005 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.01 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.02 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.000458 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.000727 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.001077 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.001993 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.005618 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.008351 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.01096 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.02237 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.0529 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.1268 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 0.3496 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 30 °C 35 °C 17 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 40 °C

0 °C 17 °C 25 °C 25 °C 0 °C 25 °C 25 °C 293 K

17 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 40 °C 0 °C 20 °C 0 °C 20 °C 0 °C 20 °C 0 °C 20 °C 0 °C 20 °C 0 °C 20 °C

Ref.

0.4188 0.4206 0.6713 0.6711 0.6706 0.6701 0.6699 0.6714 0.8598 0.8502 0.0159 0.02389 0.02759 0.01395 0.00023 0.00331 0.00040 1.0183

37Bat 37Bat 30Pri 30Pri 30Pri 30Pri 30Pri 30Pri 32Ish2 32Ish2 31LaM 31LaM 31LaM 31LaM 31LaM 31LaM 31LaM 55Sti 3)

0.1425 0.1419 0.1407 0.1395 0.1385 0.1392 0.2004 0.2028 0.1869 0.1887 0.1739 0.1749 0.1580 0.1580 0.1465 0.1459 0.1350 0.1340 0.2024 0.1943 0.1861 0.1738 0.1546 0.1475 0.1428 0.1310 0.1190 0.1086 0.0963

30Pri 30Pri 30Pri 30Pri 30Pri 30Pri 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM 33LaM Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 1.027 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Cdsat.HgŇCdSO4, 3.698 m, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbsat.Hg Calcium (Ca) Ca0.0256wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.0099 MŇKCl, 3.0 MŇKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.0256wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.0197 MŇKCl, 3.0 MŇKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.0256wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.0495 MŇKCl, 3.0 MŇKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.00125 MŒCaCl2, 0.000625 MŇCaxHg CaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.0025 MŒCaCl2, 0.00125 MŇCaxHg CaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.005 MŒCaCl2, 0.0025 MŇCaxHg CaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.01 MŒCaCl2, 0.005 MŇCaxHg Ca0.012wt%HgŇCa(OH)2, 0.0022 mŇKCl,sat.ŇKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.012wt%HgŇCa(OH)2, 0.0044 mŇKCl,sat.ŇKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.012wt%HgŇCa(OH)2, 0.0110 mŇKCl,sat.ŇKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.012wt%HgŇCa(OH)2, 0.0153 mŇKCl,sat.ŇKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.012wt%HgŇCa(OH)2, 0.0219 mŇKCl,sat.ŇKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.012wt%.HgŇCaSO4, 0.0038 mŇKCl,sat.ŇKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.012wt%HgŇCaSO4, 0.0077 mŇKCl,sat.ŇKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.012wt%HgŇCaSO4, 0.0153 mŇKCl,sat.ŇKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Chlorine (Cl) Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, NaCl, 4.5 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl,0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, NaCl, 2.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, NaCl, 4.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, NaCl, 0.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, NaCl, 2.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, NaCl, 3.5 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, NaCl, 0.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, NaCl, 2.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 4.0 m, NaCl, 0.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 5.0 m, NaCl, 0.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Pt, Cl2ŇHCl, 5.0 m, NaCl, 1.25 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, HCl, 0.1 mŇCl2, Pt Chromium (Cr) CrŇCr2(SO4)3ŇKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CrŇCrSO4, 0.426 M, H2SO4, 0.0 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CrŇCrSO4, 0.168 M, H2SO4, 0.0 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CrŇCrSO4, 0.034 M, H2SO4, 0.001 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Cobalt (Co) CoŇCoCl2, 0.05 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 0.5 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 0.01 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 0.02 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 0.05 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 1.0 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 2.0 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 0.0670 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 0.0597 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CoŇCoCl2, 0.0670 m, KCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

69

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

294 K 294 K 294 K 303 K 303 K 303 K 303 K

23.2 °C 23.2 °C 23.2 °C

18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C

Ref.

0.0826 0.0464

33LaM 33LaM

2.2649 2.2564 2.2459 0.00664 0.00675 0.00659 0.00615 2.2266 2.2208 2.2135 2.2113 2.2053 2.1959 2.1906 2.1853

26Dru1 26Dru1 26Dru1 32Mas1 32Mas1 32Mas1 32Mas1 29Fos 29Fos 29Fos 29Fos 29Fos 29Fos 29Fos 29Fos

–0.0680 –0.0668 –0.0380 –0.0721 0.0685 0.0943 0.1068 0.1276 0.1458 0.1820 0.1978 0.2126

25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil 25Wil

0.867 0.879 0.884 0.910

26Gru 27Gru 27Gru 27Gru

0.625 0.590 0.582 0.570 0.556 0.539 0.525 0.657 0.659 0.598

04Lab 04Lab 20Lam 20Lam 20Lam 20Lam 20Lam 34Har4 34Har4 34Har4

70

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Cerium (Ce) CeŇCeBr3,sat.ŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ce1.55wt%HgŇCeBr3,sat.ŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇCe(SO4)2, 0.0104 m, Ce2(SO4)3, 0.0052 m, H2SO4, 0.5 m ŒH2SO4, 0.5 mŇH2ŇPt PtŇCe(SO4)2, 0.00102 m, Ce2(SO4)3, 0.00051 m, H2SO4, 0.5 mŒH2SO4, 0.5 mŇH2ŇPt PtŇCe(SO4)2, 0.00790 m, Ce2(SO4)3, 0.00395 m, H2SO4, 1.0 mŒH2SO4, 0.5 mŇH2ŇPt PtŇCe(SO4)2, 0.00099 m, Ce2(SO4)3, 0.000495 m, H2SO4, 1.0 mŒH2SO4, 0.5 mŇH2ŇPt Copper (Cu) CuŇCuCN, 0.01 M, KCN, 0.0025 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.01 M, KCN, 0.005 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.01 M, KCN, 0.01 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.01 M, KCN, 0.02 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg, CuŇCuCN, 0.01 M, KCN, 0.05 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.01 M, KCN, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.01 M, KCN, 0.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.025 M, KCN, 0.025 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.025 M, KCN, 0.05 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.025 M, KCN, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.025 M, KCN, 0.25 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.025 M, KCN, 0.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.025 M, KCN, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.1 M, KCN, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2CL2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.1 M, KCN, 0.2 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2CL2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.1 M, KCN, 0.4 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2CL2ŇHg CuŇCuCN, 0.1 M, KCN, 1.0 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2CL2ŇHg CuŇCuSO4, 0.1 MŇCu10wt%Hg

CuŇCu2O, NaOH, 1.027 mŒNaOH, 1.027 m, HgOŇHg

Cusat.HgŇCuSO4, 0.5 mŇCu

Cusat.HgŇCuSO4,sat., CuSO4*5 H2O,solid, Hg2SO4ŇHg

Cusat.HgŇCuSO4, 0.00420 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Cusat.HgŇCuSO4, 0.01049 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Cusat.HgŇCuSO4, 0.02098 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 18 °C 0 °C 15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 0 °C 15 °C 25 °C 0 °C 15 °C 25°C 35 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C

Ref.

0.74 0.94 1.4617

29Mül2 29Mül2 31Kun

1.4604

31Kun

1.4437

31Kun

1.4433

31Kun

0.506 0.635 0.830 0.973 1.125 1.226 1.453 0.600 0.838 1.138 1.343 1.441 1.138 0.663 0.946 1.300 1.505 0.00631 0.00533 0.00471 0.00378 0.00263 0.4587 0.4602 0.4617 0.00694 0.00584 0.00510 0.00436 0.3499 0.3467 0.3434 0.3401 0.4125 0.4107 0.4007

05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 05Spi 19Öho 19Öho 19Öho 19Öho 19Öho 27Ish 27Ish 27Ish 33Oku 33Oku 33Oku 33Oku 33Ish3 33Ish3 33Ish3 33Ish3 30Get 30Get 30Get

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Cusat.HgŇCuSO4, 0.04193 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Cusat.HgŇCuSO4, 0.10488 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Cusat.HgŇCuSO4, 0.20984 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Hydrogen (H) 4) H2ŇHBr, 1 mŇAgBrŇAg

H2ŇHBr, 1 mŇAgBrŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.001 m, AgBrŇAg (UT [V]=U0+0.682·10–3(T–303 K)+2.930·10–6(T–303 K)2, 273
Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.0 m, AgBrŇAg Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

71

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.3906 0.3785 0.3701

30Get 30Get 30Get

273 K 278 K 283 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 313 K 318 K 323 K 278 K 283 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 313 K 303 K

0.08168 0.07994 0.07804 0.07596 0.07379 0.07129 0.06874 0.06604 0.06302 0.05997 0.05668 0.07989 0.07803 0.07599 0.07376 0.07136 0.06878 0.06602 0.06306 0.43118

37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 37Har1 36Owe 36Owe 36Owe 36Owe 36Owe 36Owe 36Owe 36Owe 36Har2

303 K

0.34910 36Har2

303 K

0.31421 36Har2

303 K

0.27958 36Har2

303 K

0.23427 36Har2

303 K

0.20021 36Har2

303 K

0.16550 36Har2

303 K

0.11735 36Har2

303 K

0.07612 36Har2

273 K 278 K 283 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K

0.08127 0.07955 0.07770 0.07561 0.07340 0.07103 0.0685 0.3136

36Har2 36Har2 36Har2 36Har2 36Har2 36Har2 36Har2 33Har1

72

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.01 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.02 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.05 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.2 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.5 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 1.0 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, KBr, 3.0 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 0.0 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 0.02511 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 0.04827 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 0.1004 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 0.1994m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 0.5016 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 0.9996 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 1.9837 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.01 m, LiBr, 2.4893 m, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 5.466 mm, Na3BO3, 4.640 mm, NaCl, 4.785 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 9.688 mm, Na3BO3, 8.225 mm, NaCl, 8.481 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 26.890 mm, Na3BO3, 22.831 mm, NaCl, 23.54 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 65.33 mm, Na3BO3, 55.895 mm, NaCl, 57.63 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 12.066 mm, Na3BO3, 4.46 mm, NaCl, 3.79 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 22.096 mm, Na3BO3, 8.216 mm, NaCl, 6.94 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 53.043 mm, Na3BO3, 19.723 mm, NaCl, 16.66 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 109.876 mm, Na3BO3, 40.856 mm, NaCl, 34.51 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHClO4ŒHClO4, As2O3,sol.ŇAs Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.000983 MŒHCl, 0.000983 M, BiOCl,sol.ŇBi Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.009022 MŒHCl, 0.009022 M, BiOCl,sol.ŇBi Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1041 MŒHCl, 0.1041 M, BiOCl,sol.ŇBi Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5005 MŒHCl, 0.5005 M, BiOCl,sol.ŇBi Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 MŇCl2, C (UT [V]=1.360–1.0·10–3(T–20 °C)) Pt, H2ŇNaHCO3, 0.443 M, NaCl, 1.0 MŒNaCl, 0.95 M, NaHCO3, 0.422 M, HOCl, 0.0084 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇNaHCO3, 0.0755 M, NaCl, 1.0 MŒNaCl, 1.0 M, NaHCO3, 0.0755 M, HOCl, 0.150 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01447 mŒHCl, 0.01447 m, CuClŇCu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0434 mŒHCl, 0.0434 m, CuClŇCu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.09596 mŒHCl, 0.09596 m, CuClŇCu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1876 mŒHCl, 0.1876 m, CuClŇCu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3253 mŒHCl, 0.3253 m, CuClŇCu

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.2976 0.2884 0.2728 0.2595 0.2451 0.2246 0.2063 0.1658 0.3134 0.2840 0.2726 0.2577 0.2427 0.2194 0.1972 0.1654 0.1514 0.9016

33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 34Owe

0.8869

34Owe

0.8608

34Owe

0.8282

34Owe

0.8862

34Owe

0.8702

34Owe

0.8458

34Owe

0.8234

34Owe

20 °C 18 °C

0.234 0.2825 0.2429 0.2022 0.1756 1.360 1.608

24Sch2 18Noy 18Noy 18Noy 18Noy 24Sch3 04Ner

15 °C

1.734

04Ner

0.3472 0.2923 0.2520 0.1916 0.1580

18Noy 18Noy 18Noy 18Noy 18Noy

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.1 m, CuBrŇCusat.Hg

Pt, H2ŇHI, 0.05104 m, CuIŇCusat.Hg

Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.05058 m, BaCl2, 0.01067 m, AgClŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.05043 m, BaCl2, 0.02027 m, AgClŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.05092 m, BaCl2, 0.04988 m, AgClŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.05088 m, BaCl2, 0.1028 m, AgClŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.05073 m, BaCl2, 0.2053 m, AgClŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.05020 m, BaCl2, 0.5120 m, AgClŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.05081 m, BaCl2, 1.0079 m, AgClŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.04920 m, BaCl2, 1.3171 m, AgClŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇB(OH)3, 209.277 mm, Na3BO3, 77.817 mm, NaCl, 65.73 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCOOH, 6.54 mm, KHCOOH, 8.253 mm, KCl,7.056 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCOOH, 11.76 mm, KHCOOH, 14.661 mm, KCl, 12.689 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCOOH, 24.42 mm, KHCOOH, 30.444 mm, KCl, 26.349 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCOOH, 35.75 mm, KHCOOH, 44.569 mm, KCl, 38.574 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCOOH, 48.63 mm, KHCOOH, 60.627 mm, KCl, 52.471 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCOOH, 98.76 mm, KHCOOH, 123.124 mm, KCl, 106.562 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 6.313 mm, CH3COONa, 6.313 mm, NaCl, 6.313 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 12.87 mm, CH3COONa, 12.87 mm, NaCl, 12.87 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 21.02 mm, CH3COONa, 21.02 mm, NaCl, 21.02 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 47.97 mm, CH3COONa, 47.97 mm, NaCl, 47.97 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 76.13 mm, CH3COONa, 76.13 mm, NaCl, 76.13 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 100.3 mm, CH3COONa, 100.3 mm, NaCl, 100.3 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 4.779 mm, CH3COONa, 4.599 mm, NaCl, 4.896 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 12.035 mm, CH3COONa, 11.582 mm, NaCl, 12.426 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 21.006 mm, CH3COONa, 20.216 mm, NaCl, 21.516 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 49.22 mm, CH3COONa, 47.37 mm, NaCl, 50.42 m, AgClŇAg Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

73

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C

308.15 K 333.15 K 308.15 K 333.15 K 308.15 K 333.15 K 308.15 K 333.15 K 308.15 K 333.15 K 308.15 K 333.15 K

Ref.

0.1732 0.1726 0.1721 0.01407 0.01295 0.01210 0.01127 1.0883 1.0715 1.0483 1.0287 1.0090 0.9808 0.9554 0.9455 0.8009

34Ish1 34Ish1 34Ish1 34Ish1 34Ish1 34Ish1 34Ish1 32Har3 32Har3 32Har3 32Har3 32Har3 32Har3 32Har3 32Har3 34Owe

0.5784

34Har2

0.5629

34Har2

0.5439

34Har2

0.5343

34Har2

0.5265

34Har2

0.5088

34Har2

0.6414 0.6598 0.6227 0.6394 0.6097 0.6253 0.5878 0.6015 0.5755 0.5882 0.5684 0.5804 0.6396

33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 33Har6 32Har1

0.6158

32Har1

0.6015

32Har1

0.5798

32Har1

74

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 81.01 mm, CH3COONa, 77.96 mm, NaCl, 82.97 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 90.56 mm, CH3COONa, 87.16 mm, NaCl, 92.76 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.1003 m, NaCl, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.1006 m, NaCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.1050 m, NaCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.1050 m, NaCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2018 m, NaCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2018 m, NaCl, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2018 m, NaCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2018 m, NaCl, 1.066 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2018 m, NaCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2018 m, NaCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 1.002 m, NaCl, 0.01997 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 1.002 m, NaCl, 0.049 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 1.002 m, NaCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 1.002 m, NaCl, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 1.002 m, NaCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 1.002 m, NaCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 1.002 m, NaCl, 2.43 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, NaCl, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, NaCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, NaCl, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, NaCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, NaCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, NaCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, KCl, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, KCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, KCl, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, KCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, KCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.2 m, KCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇC3H7COOH, 5.64 mm, C3H7COONa, 6.41 mm, NaCl, 6.06 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇC3H7COOH, 7.17 mm, C3H7COONa, 6.87 mm, NaCl, 7.06 mm, AgClŇAg Pt,H2ŇC3H7COOH, 13.74 mm, C3H7COONa, 15.63 mm, NaCl, 14.77 mm, AgClŇAg Pt,H2ŇC3H7COOH, 15.15 mm, C3H7COONa, 14.53 mm, NaCl, 14.93 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇC3H7COOH, 22.32 mm, C3H7COONa, 21.39 mm, NaCl, 21.98 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇC3H7COOH, 23.81 mm, C3H7COONa, 27.07 mm, NaCl, 25.59 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇC3H7COOH, 40.40 mm, C3H7COONa, 45.94 mm, NaCl, 43.43 mm, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.5671

32Har1

0.5642

32Har1

273.15 K

0.4744 0.4184 0.3986 0.3773 0.4484 0.4317 0.4088 0.3877 0.3682 0.3519 0.4646 0.4429 0.4255 0.4085 0.3865 0.3672 0.3377 0.4648 0.4486 0.4319 0.4094 0.3902 0.3522 0.4654 0.4496 0.4329 0.4117 0.3941 0.3649 0.6202

28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 28Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 34Har3

298.15 K 313.15 K 273.15 K

0.6339 0.6465 0.5993

34Har3 34Har3 34Har3

298.15 K 313.15 K 298.15 K 313.15 K 273.15 K

0.6150 0.6265 0.6051 0.6161 0.5867

34Har3 34Har3 34Har3 34Har3 34Har3

273.15 K

0.5746

34Har3

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2)

75

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Pt, H2ŇC3H7COOH, 51.06 mm, C3H7COONa, 48.95 mm, NaCl, 50.29 mm, 298.15 K AgClŇAg 313.15 K Pt, HŒquinone, hydroquinone, HCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg 273.33 K 283.15 K 288.15 K 293.15 K 298.15 K 303.15 K 308.15 K 313.15 K UT [V]=(0.2355–911.2·10–6(T–298.15 K)+2.939·10–7(T–298.15 K)), 273.15
Ref.

0.5840 0.5941 0.2599 0.2498 0.2449 0.2401 0.2355 0.2310 0.2267 0.22225

34Har3 34Har3 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2

0.884 0.908 0.959 0.920 0.985 0.7943

22Men 22Men 22Men 22Men 22Men 33Nim

0.7738

33Nim

0.7697

33Nim

0.7599

33Nim

0.7506

33Nim

0.7333

33Nim

0.7233

33Nim

0.69622 33Har3 0.66084 33Har3 0.61422 33Har3 0.57912 33Har3 0.54423 33Har3 0.49843 33Har3 0.46418 33Har3 0.43023 33Har3 0.38588 33Har3

76

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=U0–0.18157·10–3(T–298 K) –2.90·10–6(T–298 K)2+1.79 10–9(T–298 K)3, 273
Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.35240 33Har3 0.31874 33Har3 0.27230 33Har3 0.23328 33Har3 0.20719 33Har3 0.18634 33Har3 0.15184 33Har3 0.12215 33Har3 0 °C 5 °C 10 °C 15 °C 18 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 37 °C 40 °C 45 °C 50 °C 55 °C 60 °C 0 °C 5 °C 10 °C 15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 40 °C 45 °C 50 °C 55 °C 60 °C 0 °C 5 °C 10 °C 15 °C

0.23647 0.23406 0.23145 0.22865 0.22689 0.22568 0.22254 0.21924 0.21578 0.21432 0.21216 0.20841 0.20452 0.20050 0.19635 0.23642 0.23400 0.23134 0.22854 0.22558 0.22246 0.21919 0.21570 0.21207 0.20828 0.20444 0.20042 0.19627 0.23655 0.23413 0.23142 0.22857

52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 52Swi 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 33Har3 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AlCl3, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AlCl3, 0.005 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AlCl3, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AlCl3, 0.02 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AlCl3, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AlCl3, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AlCl3, 0.45 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, AlCl3, 0.4 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.2 m, AlCl3, 0.3 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3 m, AlCl3, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.45 m, AlCl3, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, AlCl3, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, CeCl3, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, CeCl3, 0.005 m, AgClŇAg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

77

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 40 °C 45 °C 50 °C 55 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 95 °C 0 °C 5 °C 10 °C 15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 40 °C 45 °C 50 °C 60 °C 90 °C 125 °C 150 °C 175 °C 200 °C 225 °C 250 °C 275 °C

0.22557 0.22234 0.21904 0.21565 0.21208 0.20835 0.20449 0.20056 0.19649 0.18782 0.1787 0.1695 0.1651 0.23652 0.23405 0.23137 0.22849 0.22549 0.22239 0.21908 0.21570 0.21207 0.20833 0.20449 0.19676 0.1696 0.1330 0.1032 0.0708 0.0348 –0.0051 –0.054 –0.090 0.3863 0.3809 0.3769 0.3704 0.3574 0.3445 0.3010 0.2859 0.2742 0.2708 0.2712 0.3024 0.4647 0.4451

Ref. 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 54Bat2 53Har 53Har 53Har 53Har 53Har 53Har 53Har 53Har 53Har 53Har 53Har 60Gre 60Gre 60Gre 60Gre 60Gre 60Gre 60Gre 60Gre 60Gre 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 31Har2 34Mas 34Mas

78

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, CeCl3, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, CeCl3, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, CeCl3, 0.10 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, CeCl3, 0.25 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, CeCl3, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, CeCl3, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, CeCl3, 0.150 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3 m, CeCl3, 0.1167 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, CeCl3, 0.0833 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.7 m, CeCl3, 0.050 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, CeCl3, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.02498 m, HClO4, 0.02498 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0421 m, HClO4, 0.04821 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1493 m, HClO4, 0.1493 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.2570 m, HClO4, 0.2570 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.4961 m, HClO4, 0.4961 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.00988 m, HClO4, 0.08985 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04005 m, HClO4, 0.3604 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.07087 m, HClO4, 0.6378 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.09994 m, HClO4, 0.8995 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.02498 m, HClO4, 0.02498 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 3.842 mm, H2SO4, 4.143 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 5.736 mm, H2SO4, 7.784 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 7.085 mm, H2SO4, 7.641 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 13.982 mm, H2SO4, 13.254 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.831 mm, H2SO4, 3.34 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.913 mm, H2SO4, 3.403 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 3.575 mm, H2SO4, 4.209 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 9.872 mm, H2SO4, 9.487 mm, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

278 K 283 K 288 K 278 K 283 K 288 K 278 K 283 K 288 K 278 K 283 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 293 K 298 K 303 K

0.4350 0.4054 0.3904 0.3700 0.3491 0.3210 0.3157 0.2811 0.2625 0.2490 0.2334 0.4030 0.3714 0.3163 0.2884 0.2506 0.4107 0.3416 0.3112 0.2906 0.4030 0.4810 0.4829 0.4847 0.4600 0.4618 0.4633 0.4540 0.4555 0.4569 0.4259 0.4268 0.4278 0.4996 0.5015 0.5031 0.5047 0.4984 0.5003 0.5020 0.5035 0.4887 0.4904 0.4920 0.4934 0.4865 0.4882 0.4897

Ref. 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 34Mas 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav 52Dav

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, HgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, HgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, KCl, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, KCl, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, KCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, KCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, KCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, KCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, KCl, 3.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, KCl, 3.9 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, KCl, 3.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, KCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, KCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 4.0 m, KCl, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 5.0 m, KCl, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.037 mm, La2(SO4)3, 0.5865 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 5.961 mm, La2(SO4)3, 0.7618 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.036 mm, La2(SO4)3, 0.9803 mm, AgClŇAg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

79

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 291 K 298 K 303 K 291 K 298 K 303 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K

293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K

0.4631 0.4643 0.4651 0.5478 0.5788 0.5814 0.4579 0.4642 0.4667 0.4432 0.4482 0.4491 0.4204 0.4235 0.4218 0.4081 0.4101 0.4072 0.3766 0.3760 0.3697 0.3594 0.3574 0.3497 0.3389 0.3356 0.3267 0.3183 0.3140 0.3042 0.2474 0.2043 0.1816 0.1566 0.1222 0.0955 0.4899 0.4915 0.4929 0.4941 0.4915 0.4931 0.4945 0.4959 0.4910 0.4926 0.4940 0.4953

Ref. 22Har 22Har 22Har 22Har 22Har 22Har 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon

80

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.030 mm, La2(SO4)3, 2.990 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 1.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 2.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K

0.4945 0.4964 0.4981 0.4997 0.4464 0.4472 0.4478 0.4484 0.4488 0.4222 0.4226 0.4228 0.4230 0.4231 0.4088 0.4091 0.4092 0.4092 0.4092 0.3730 0.3727 0.3724 0.3719 0.3712 0.3529 0.3525 0.3519 0.3513 0.3505 0.3380 0.3375 0.3368 0.3360 0.3351 0.3249 0.3243 0.3235 0.3227 0.3217 0.3125 0.3119 0.3111 0.3102 0.3092 0.3011 0.3004 0.2996 0.2987 0.2976

Ref. 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 3.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 4.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 4.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, LiCl, 5.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, LiCl, 3.9 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.55 m, LiCl, 3.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, LiCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, LiCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 3.0 m, LiCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 7.762 mm, MgSO4, 3.795 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 5.893 mm, MgSO4, 4.596 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 5.294 mm, MgSO4, 5.762 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 7.66 mm, MgSO4, 6.933 mm, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, NaCl, 3.9 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, NaCl, 3.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, NaCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, NaCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 3.0 m, NaCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

81

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K

293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K

0.2902 0.2894 0.2885 0.2875 0.2864 0.2794 0.2785 0.2775 0.2765 0.2753 0.2681 0.2671 0.2660 0.2647 0.2634 0.2567 0.2555 0.2543 0.2530 0.2526 0.2147 0.1735 0.1578 0.1390 0.1289 0.4806 0.4821 0.4835 0.4837 0.4953 0.4971 0.4988 0.5004 0.5017 0.5037 0.5057 0.5073 0.4840 0.4857 0.4872 0.4886 0.2311 0.1884 0.1686 0.1472 0.1337 0.4236

Ref. 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 52Jon 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 32Haw 31Har1

82

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.2m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, NaCl,0.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, NaCl,1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, NaCl,3.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.2480 m, NaClO4, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.2480 m, NaClO4, 0.1450 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.2480 m, NaClO4, 0.2459 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.2480 m, NaClO4, 0.7208 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1015 m, NaClO4, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1015 m, NaClO4, 0.1684 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1015 m, NaClO4, 0.5409 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1015 m, NaClO4, 0.8902 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04639 m, NaClO4, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04639 m, NaClO4, 0.1241 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04639 m, NaClO4, 0.2633 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04639 m, NaClO4, 0.4446 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04639 m, NaClO4, 0.6230 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04639 m, NaClO4, 0.8460 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1036 m, Na2S2O6, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1036 m, Na2S2O6, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1035 m, Na2S2O6, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1034 m, Na2S2O6, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1029 m, Na2S2O6, 0.6 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1023 m, Na2S2O6, 1.10 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, Na2S2O6, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04985 m, Na2S2O6, 0.25 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04963 m, Na2S2O6, 0.65 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04919 m, Na2S2O6, 1.4291 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 0.025 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 0.05 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, SrCl2, 2.75 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.533 m, cane sugar, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.068 m, cane sugar, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.188 m, cane sugar, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 4.110 m, cane sugar, 0.0 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.533 m, cane sugar, 0.292 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.068 m, cane sugar, 0.292 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.188 m, cane sugar, 0.292 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 4.110 m, cane sugar, 0.292 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, D-glucose, 5wt%ŇAg (molar standard potential)

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 0.4103 0.3955 0.3746 0.3547 0.3087 0.3078 0.3085 0.3088 0.3070 0.3513 0.3543 0.3548 0.3532 0.3899 0.3944 0.3956 0.3961 0.3955 0.3946 0.3505 0.3521 0.3531 0.3544 0.3564 0.3559 0.3861 0.3923 0.3944 0.3934 0.4645 0.4248 0.4116 0.3970 0.3816 0.3563 0.3290 0.2857 0.2551 0.3158 0.2759 0.2258 0.1640 0.3136 0.2719 0.2217 0.1601 0.2186

Ref. 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 31Har1 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Mur 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 35Kri 35Kri 35Kri 35Kri 35Kri 35Kri 35Kri 35Kri 50Wil

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, D-glucose, 5wt%ŇAg (molal standard potential) Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, D-glucose, 10wt%ŇAg (molar standard potential) Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, D-glucose, 10wt%ŇAg (molal standard potential) Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, D-glucose, 20wt%ŇAg (molar standard potential) Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, D-glucose, 20wt%ŇAg (molal standard potential) Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, D-glucose, 30wt%ŇAg (molar standard potential) Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, D-glucose, 30wt%ŇAg (molal standard potential) Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.01 m, AgBrClŇAg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.02 m, AgBrClŇAg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.05 m, AgBrClŇAg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.1 m, AgBrClŇAg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.2 m, AgBrClŇAg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KBr, 0.5 m, AgBrClŇAg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KBr, 1.0 m, AgBrClŇAg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KBr, 3.0 m, AgBrClŇAg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.01 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.02 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.05 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.1 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.2 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.5 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇKOH, 1.0 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇKOH, 2.0 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇKOH, 3.5 m, KCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

83

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 273 K 298 K 333 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K

0.2195 0.2141 0.2160 0.2045 0.2083 0.1935 0.1995 0.8997 0.8919 0.8585 0.8410 0.8234 0.8002 0.7841 0.7569 1.0462 1.0503 1.0567 1.0299 1.0326 1.0370 1.0084 1.00092 1.0107 0.9922 0.9916 0.9914 0.9761 0.9742 0.9717 0.9554 0.9517 0.9465 0.9407 0.9356 0.9284 0.9270 0.9207 0.9114 0.9175 0.9101 0.8992 1.0481 1.0490 1.0498 1.0506 1.0515

Ref. 50Wil 50Wil 50Wil 50Wil 50Wil 50Wil 50Wil 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har1 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har5 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4

84

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 0.02 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl ,0.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 1.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 2.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 3.5 m, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K

1.0073 1.0074 1.0076 1.0076 1.0077 0.9891 0.9890 0.9888 0.9886 0.9884 0.9443 0.9437 0.9428 0.9418 0.9409 0.9224 0.9212 0.9199 0.9186 0.9173 0.9074 0.9060 0.9045 0.9029 0.9014 0.8953 0.8937 0.8920 0.8903 0.8886 0.8847 0.8831 0.8813 0.8794 0.8776 0.8752 0.8734 0.8715 0.8696 0.8676 0.8665 0.8646 0.8625 0.8604 0.8583

Ref. 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 4.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 4.5 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 0.01 m, LiCl, 5.0 m, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 9.913 mm, LiBr, 20.02 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 9.963 mm, LiBr, 49.99 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 9.995 mm, LiBr, 99.95 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 9.969 mm, LiBr, 197.6 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 9.985 mm, LiBr, 499.4 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 10.0 mm, LiBr, 1.0007 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇLiOH, 10.0 mm, LiBr, 1.4993 m, AgClŇAg H2ŇHI, 1 mŇAgIŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHI, 0.030 mŇAgIŇAg Pt, H2ŇHI, 0.0980 mŇAgIŇAg Pt, H2ŇH2C2O4, Ag2C2O4,sat.ŇAg

85

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K

278 K 283 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 313 K

25 °C 30 °C 35 °C Pt, H2ŇNa2CO3, 0.005821 m, NaHCO3, 0.005843 m, NaCl, 0.005821 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 288 K 298 K 308 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNa2CO3, 0.011556 m, NaHCO3, 0.011602 m, NaCl, 0.011556 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 288 K 298 K 308 K 323 K

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

0.8582 0.8562 0.8541 0.8519 0.8496 0.8503 0.8482 0.8460 0.8437 0.8414 0.8406 0.8383 0.8359 0.8334 0.8327 0.8801 0.8563 0.8372 0.8182 0.7900 0.7651 0.7486 –0.14717 –0.14810 –0.14925 –0.15067 –0.15230 –0.15401 –0.15591 –0.15792 0.0368 –0.0228 0.4723 0.4679 0.4624 0.9259 0.9443 0.9565 0.9685 0.9860 0.9076 0.9251 0.9370 0.9488 0.9665

Ref. 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Har4 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 33Van2 35Owe 35Owe 35Owe 35Owe 35Owe 35Owe 35Owe 35Owe 20Noy 20Noy 48Fer 48Fer 48Fer 41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har

86

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇNa2CO3, 0.02230 m, NaHCO3, 0.02239 m, NaCl, 0.02230 m, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

273 K 288 K 298 K 308 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHC2O4, 0.8589 m, Na2C2O4, 0.045 m, NaCl, 0.000657 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 298 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHC2O4, 0.001857 m, Na2C2O4, 0.008346 m, NaCl, 0.01214 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 298 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHC2O4, 0.02003m, Na2C2O4, 0.01053 m, NaCl, 0.001532 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 298 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHC2O4, 0.0231143 m, Na2C2O4, 0.01217 m, NaCl, 0.00177 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 298 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHC2O4, 0.027776 m, Na2C2O4, 0.01460 m, NaCl, 0.0212434 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 298 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHC2O4, 0.03591 m, Na2C2O4, 0.01889 m, NaCl, 0.002747 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 298 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHC2O4, 0.04226 m, Na2C2O4, 0.02222 m, NaCl, 0.003232 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 298 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHC2O4, 0.04945 m, Na2C2O4, 0.02600 m, NaCl, 0.003782 m, 273 K AgClŇAg 298 K 323 K Pt, H2ŇNaHSO4, 0.9173 mm, Na2SO4, 0.9780 mm, NaCl, 0.9173 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇNaHSO4, 1.947 mm, Na2SO4, 1.957 mm, NaCl, 1.947 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇNaHSO4, 9.724 mm, Na2SO4, 9.776 mm, NaCl, 9.724 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇNaHSO4, 19.57 mm, Na2SO4, 19.68 mm, NaCl, 19.57 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇNaHSO4, 50.10 mm, Na2SO4, 50.54 mm, NaCl, 5.10 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇNaHSO4, 69.19 mm, Na2SO4, 69.56 mm, NaCl, 69.19 mm, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇSr(OH)2, 0.01369 m, SrCl2, 0.02009 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇSr(OH)2, 0.01369 m, SrCl2, 0.05010 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇSr(OH)2, 0.01329 m, SrCl2, 0.09993 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇSr(OH)2, 0.01312 m, SrCl2, 0.2013 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇSr(OH)2, 0.01338 m, SrCl2, 0.5003 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇSr(OH)2, 0.01323 m, SrCl2, 0.9988 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇSr(OH)2, 0.01371 m, SrCl2, 1.9810 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇSr(OH)2, 0.01344 m, SrCl2, 2.4855 m, AgClŇAg

Ref.

0.8853 0.9019 0.9130 0.9254 0.9419 0.5618 0.5807 0.6005 0.5447 0.5621 0.5802 0.5385 0.5551 0.5728 0.5346 0.5507 0.5643 0.5294 0.5451 0.5616 0.5222 0.5372 0.5533 0.5174 0.5321 0.5475 0.5132 0.5321 0.5420 0.58622

41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har 41Har 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 39Har2 34Ham

0.55388 34Ham 0.51260 34Ham 0.48356 34Ham 0.45420 34Ham 0.40388 34Ham 1.0390 1.0131 0.9939 0.9730 0.9435 0.9154 0.8803 0.8641

33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 33Van1 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.04 MŒHCl, 0.04 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 MŒHCl, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1 MŒHCl, 1 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2 MŒHCl, 2 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, LiCl, 1.0 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, NaCl, 1.0 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, KCl, 1.0 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, MgCl2, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, CaCl2, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, SrCl2, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, BaCl2, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, H2SO4, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, Li2SO4, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, Na2SO4, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, K2SO4, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, MgSO4, 0.5 M, quinone, hydroquinoneŇAu Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.00245 mŇBaxHgŇBa(OH)2, 0.12 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.0050 mŇBaxHgŇBa(OH)2, 0.12 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.01132 mŇBaxHgŇBa(OH)2, 0.12 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.02015 mŇBaxHgŇBa(OH)2, 0.12 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.05323 mŇBaxHgŇBa(OH)2, 0.12 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.07983 mŇBaxHgŇBa(OH)2, 0.12 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.1055 mŇBaxHgŇBa(OH)2, 0.12 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇBa(OH)2, 0.2296 mŇBaxHgŇBa(OH)2, 0.12 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 MŇH2, Pt Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 mŒHCl, 0.01 mŇH2, Ir Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.02 mŒHCl, 0.01 mŇH2, Ir Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1005 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 0.0 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 0.1 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 0.5 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 1.0 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 1.75 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 2.5 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 3.5 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 4.1 MŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaH-phthalat, 0.1 MŒNH4Cl, 5.66 M 5)ŒHClO4, 0.1 MŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.25 mŇNa0.01wt%Hg, NaOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt

UT [V]=0.06929+285·10–6(T–273 K)–0.73·10–6(T–273 K)2, 273
UT [V]=0.10018+422·10–6(T–273 K)–0.90·10–6(T–273 K)2, 273
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

87

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

273 K 298 K 308 K 273 K 298 K 308 K

0.69935 0.69926 0.69906 0.69766 0.69583 0.69200 0.6974 0.6970 0.6972 0.6974 0.6974 0.6973 0.6969 0.6977 0.7010 0.7007 0.7008 0.7007 –0.1245 –0.0976 –0.0725 –0.0540 –0.0233 –0.0121 –0.0036 0.0185 0.0201 0.0173 0.0053 0.0006 0.1493 0.1518 0.1625 0.1685 0.1719 0.1740 0.1763 0.1769 0.1773 0.06929 0.0760 0.0784

Ref.

35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 35Hov 32Har2 32Har2 32Har2 32Har2 32Har2 32Har2 32Har2 32Har2 27Erd 24Dru 24Dru 24Sch2 31Mur 31Mur 31Mur 31Mur 31Mur 31Mur 31Mur 31Mur 31Mur 33Har7 33Har7 33Har7 33Har7 0.10018 33Har7 0.1102 33Har7 0.1139 33Har7 33Har7

88

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 1.0 mŇNa0.01wt%Hg, NaOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 273 K 298 K 308 K

UT [V]=0.13156+585·10–6(T–273 K)–1.59·10–6(T–273 K)2, 273
Ref.

0.13156 33Har7 0.1452 33Har7 0.1501 33Har7 33Har7 0.1511 33Har7 0.16600 33Har7 0.1832 33Har7 0.1894 33Har7 33Har7 0.1785 33Har7 0.1903

33Har7

0.2017

33Har7

0.2126 0.2338 0.2413

33Har7 33Har7 33Har7 33Har7 0.1385 28Har2 0.1586 28Har2 0.1700 28Har2 0.1795 28Har2 0.1876 28Har2 0.1943 28Har2 0.2003 28Har2 0.2071 28Har2 0.2137 28Har2 0.2184 28Har2 0.0991 37Har3 0.0961 37Har3 0.0819 37Har3 0.0530 37Har3 0.0378 37Har3 0.0640 37Har3 0.0415 37Har3 0.0176 37Har3 0.2042 28Har2 0.1950 28Har2 0.1861 28Har2 0.1764 28Har2 0.1644 28Har2 0.1497 28Har2 0.1282 28Har2 –0.0764 30Har1 –0.0431 30Har1 –0.03246 30Har1 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2)

89

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.09065 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.232 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.5402 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 1.3205 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.05 m, CsCl, 0.09563 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.05 m, CsCl, 0.3511 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.05 m, CsCl, 0.9411 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.05 m, CsCl, 1.7077 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCsOH, 0.05 m, CsCl, 3.9896 mŇCsxHgŇCsOH, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt 273 K Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.2240 mŇKxHgŇKOH, 0.09154 mŇH2, Pt 293 K 313 K 333 K Pt, H2ŇKOH, 0.9956 mŇKxHgŇKOH, 0.09154 mŇH2, Pt 273 K 293 K 313 K 333 K Pt, H2ŇKOH, 4.0565 mŇKxHgŇKOH, 0.09154 mŇH2, Pt 273 K 293 K 313 K 333 K Pt, H2ŇKOH, 10.052 mŇKxHgŇKOH, 0.09154 mŇH2, Pt 273 K 293 K 313 K 333 K Pt, H2ŇKOH, 17.544 mŇKxHgŇKOH, 0.09154 mŇH2, Pt 273 K 293 K 313 K 333 K Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.4992 M, CH3COOK, 0.4992 M, (CH3COO)2Hg2,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.5087 M, CH3COOK, 0.5087 M, (CH3COO)2Hg2,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.5170 M, CH3COOK, 0.5170 M, (CH3COO)2Hg2,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.7433 M, CH3COOK, 0.7433 M, (CH3COO)2Hg2,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 1.035 M, CH3COOK, 1.035 M, (CH3COO)2Hg2,sol.ŇHg, U00 [V]=0.5109 Pt 6), H2ŇHBr, 0.1012 M, Hg2Br2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01006 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1009 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.029 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.25 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.75 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 10.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 16.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

0.0000 0.02888 0.07379 0.1168 0.1687 0.0224 0.0435 0.0634 0.0779 0.1025 0.0397 0.0423 0.046 0.0482 0.1104 0.1183 0.1256 0.1325 0.2107 0.2239 0.2380 0.2471 0.3483 0.3637 0.3769 0.3867 0.4948 0.5085 0.5224 0.5308 0.8100

30Har1 30Har1 30Har1 30Har1 30Har1 30Har2 30Har2 30Har2 30Har2 30Har2 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 34Ham 39Lar

0.8096

39Lar

0.8092

39Lar

0.7999

39Lar

0.7914

39Lar

0.2698 33Ish2 0.5108 17Lin 0.3990 17Lin 0.2780 17Lin 0.2231 17Lin 0.0972 17Lin 0.0302 17Lin –0.0662 7) 17Lin

90

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2, p=1 atmŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2, p=110.2 atmŇHCl,0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2, p=556.8 atmŇHCl,0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2, p=1035.2 atmŇHCl,0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.0817 mŒHClO4, 0.0817 m, HgClO4, 0.00550 mŇHg Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.0817 mŒHClO4, 0.0817 m, HgClO4, 0.0010 mŇHg Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.0817 mŒHClO4, 0.0817 m, HgClO4, 0.00055 mŇHg Pt, H2ŇHF, 0.03 MŇKCl,sat., HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇHF, 0.5 MŇKCl,sat., HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇHF, 1 MŇKCl,sat., HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKOH, 15wt%, HgOŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 1.49 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.01 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.99 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.01 M, HgClŇHg Pt H2ŇKCl, 0.29 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.01 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.00 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.001 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.09 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.01 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.099 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.001 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.029 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.001 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.02 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.01 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.0 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.01 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.009 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.001 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.002 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.001 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇKCl, 0.00 M, KOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.001 M, HgClŇHg Pt, H2ŇCa(OH)2, 0.05 g dm–3ŒKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCa(OH)2, 0.1024 g dm–3ŒKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCa(OH)2, 0.2004 g dm–3ŒKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCa(OH)2, 0.4002 g dm–3ŒKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCa(OH)2, 0.8004 g dm–3ŒKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇCa(OH)2, 1.199 g dm–3ŒKCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2C2O4, 0.05380 M, Hg2C2O4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2C2O4, 0.1022 M, Hg2C2O4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2C2O4, 0.2054 M, Hg2C2O4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2C2O4, 0.3987 M, Hg2C2O4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2C2O4, 0.4778 M, Hg2C2O4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2C2O4, 0.6127 M, Hg2C2O4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH3PO4 ,0.001026 m, Hg2HPO4,sol.ŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

285 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K

Ref.

0.3990 0.4596 0.4844 0.4975 0.7777 0.7569 0.7480 0.3820 0.33318 0.3120 0.93 1.0286 1.0361 1.0279 1.0350 1.0200 1.0358 1.0955 1.0305 1.0375 0.9768 0.9790 0.9787 0.9803 1.0323 1.0398 1.0333 1.0433 0.9807 0.9836 0.9808 0.9838 0.9810 0.9839 0.9062 0.9235 0.9393 0.9588 0.9720 0.9810 0.6315 0.6200 0.6085 0.5981 0.5953 0.5917 0.7992

24Hai 24Hai 24Hai 24Hai 16Lin 16Lin 16Lin 24Wyn 24Wyn 24Wyn 19Hof 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 33Fli 33Fli 33Fli 33Fli 33Fli 33Fli 41Lar 41Lar 41Lar 41Lar 41Lar 41Lar 49deV

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇH3PO4, 0.01026 m, Hg2HPO4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH3PO4, 0.02052 m, Hg2HPO4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH3PO4, 0.05130 m, Hg2HPO4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH3PO4, 0.1032 m, Hg2HPO4,sol.ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.05 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.010·10–3(T–298 K)–0.0583·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.10 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.0317·10–3(T–298 K)–0.0347·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.20 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.07305·10–3(T–298 K)–0.0272·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.50 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.13994·10–3(T–298 K)–0.0133·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.18577·10–3(T–298 K)+0.0622·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.50 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.21635·10–3(T–298 K)+0.0947·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.235·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1031·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 3.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2418·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1174·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 4.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2406·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1301·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 5.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2343·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1427·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 6.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2323·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1583·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 7.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2268·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1689·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 8.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2217·10–3(T–298 K)+0.2116·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 9.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2154·10–3(T–298 K)+0.2944·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 10.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2098·10–3(T–298 K)+0.3273·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 11.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2033·10–3(T–298 K)+0.3657·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 12.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.1991·10–3(T–298 K)+0.3859·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 13.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.1960·10–3(T–298 K)+0.3198·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 14.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.1870·10–3(T–298 K)+0.2909·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 15.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.2098·10–3(T–298 K)+0.3273·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 16.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.1762·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1506·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 17.0 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.1628·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1181·10–6(T–298 K)2)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

91

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

298 K

0.7740 0.7600 0.7443 0.7339 0.75434

49deV 49deV 49deV 49deV 35Har

298 K

0.73714 35Har

298 K

0.7197

298 K

0.69609 35Har

298 K

0.67600 35Har

298 K

0.66213 35Har

298 K

0.65088 35Har

298 K

0.63041 35Har

298 K

0.61201 35Har

298 K

0.59498 35Har

298 K

0.57952 35Har

298 K

0.56550 35Har

298 K

0.55289 35Har

298 K

0.54153 35Har

298 K

0.53149 35Har

298 K

0.52189 35Har

298 K

0.51304 35Har

298 K

0.50475 35Har

298 K

0.49688 35Har

298 K

0.48950 35Har

298 K

0.48236 35Har

298 K

0.47552 35Har

35Har

92

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 17.5 m, Hg2SO4,sat.ŇHg (UT [V]=U0–0.1655·10–3(T–298 K)+0.1170·10–6(T–298 K)2) Pt, H2, p=742.5 TorrŇH2SO4, 0.00482 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2, p=750.7 TorrŇH2SO4, 0.06209 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2, p=765.5 TorrŇH2SO4, 1.181 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2, p=754.2 TorrŇH2SO4, 1.181 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2, p=733.5 TorrŇH2SO4, 1.181 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2, p=640.3 TorrŇH2SO4, 1.181 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2, p=458.1 TorrŇH2SO4, 1.181 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, Hg2SO4ŇHg

Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.01 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.01 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.04 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.04 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.2 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.2 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1 m, (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, (NH4)2SO4, 1.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1 m, (NH4)2SO4, 1.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, (NH4)2SO4, 2.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1 m, (NH4)2SO4, 2.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.0504 M, acetic acid, 0.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1369 M, acetic acid, 0.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.2741 M, acetic acid, 0.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.5472 M, acetic acid, 0.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.093 M, acetic acid, 0.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.642 M, acetic acid, 0.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.184 M, acetic acid, 0.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.0545 M, acetic acid, 0.0991 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1004 M, acetic acid, 0.0991 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.2008 M, acetic acid, 0.0991 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

298 K

0.47213 35Har

298.7 K 298.2 K 286.9 K 298.7 K 310.4 K 333.5 K 353.2 K 273 K 278 K 283 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 313 K 318 K 323 K 328 K 333 K

0.8241 0.7491 0.6403 0.6370 0.6328 0.6242 0.6134 0.63495 0.63097 0.62704 0.62307 0.61930 0.61515 0.61107 0.60701 0.60305 0.59900 0.59487 0.59051 0.58659 0.7971 0.7372 0.7952 0.7379 0.7964 0.7382 0.7997 0.7397 0.8037 0.7456 0.8102 0.7497 0.8153 0.7558 0.8251 0.7616 0.7544 0.7290 0.7115 0.6929 0.6712 0.6555 0.6418 0.7517 0.7367 0.7193

10Brö 10Brö 10Brö 10Brö 10Brö 10Brö 10Brö 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 34Cro 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2)

93

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.4016 M, acetic acid, 0.0991 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.8197 M, acetic acid, 0.0991 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.642 M, acetic acid, 0.0991 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 3.278 M, acetic acid, 0.0991 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.0547 M, acetic acid, 0.548 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1366 M, acetic acid, 0.548 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.2733 M, acetic acid, 0.548 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.5453 M, acetic acid, 0.548 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.092 M, acetic acid, 0.548 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.637 M, acetic acid, 0.548 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.179 M, acetic acid, 0.548 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.0546 M, acetic acid, 1.365 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1364 M, acetic acid, 1.365 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.2738 M, acetic acid, 1.365 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.5458 M, acetic acid, 1.365 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.091 M, acetic acid, 1.365 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.637 M, acetic acid, 1.365 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.177 M, acetic acid, 1.365 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.0546 M, acetic acid, 2.186 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1087 M, acetic acid, 2.186 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.2731 M, acetic acid, 2.186 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.5478 M, acetic acid, 2.186 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.093 M, acetic acid, 2.186 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.640 M, acetic acid, 2.186 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.184 M, acetic acid, 2.186 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.0543 M, acetic acid, 3.278 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1089 M, acetic acid, 3.278 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.2732 M, acetic acid, 3.278 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.5471 M, acetic acid, 3.278 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.091 M, acetic acid, 3.278 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.639 M, acetic acid, 3.278 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.181 M, acetic acid, 3.278 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.0545 M, acetic acid, 4.38 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1086 M, acetic acid, 4.38 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.2729 M, acetic acid, 4.38 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.5482 M, acetic acid, 4.38 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.093 M, acetic acid, 4.38 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.643 M, acetic acid, 4.38 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.185 M, acetic acid, 4.38 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 1.49 M, NaOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.99 M, NaOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.29 M, NaOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.0 M, NaOH, 0.1 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

0.7012 0.6802 0.6550 0.6153 0.7496 0.7269 0.7095 0.6908 0.6690 0.6531 0.6392 0.7463 0.7237 0.7061 0.6873 0.6653 0.6492 0.6353 0.7430 0.7260 0.7027 0.6838 0.6616 0.6449 0.6308 0.7379 0.7209 0.6979 0.6789 0.6567 0.6398 0.6248 0.7325 0.7156 0.6928 0.6734 0.6505 0.6334 0.6181 1.0164 1.0246 1.0185 1.0267 1.0252 1.0323 1.0808 1.0938

Ref. 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 33Mac 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje

94

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2)

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.05 M, NaOH, 0.05 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.07 M, NaOH, 0.03 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.09 M, NaOH, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.0 M, NaOH, 0.03 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.015 M, NaOH, 0.015 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.021 M, NaOH, 0.009 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.027 M, NaOH, 0.003 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.0021 M, NaOH, 0.0009 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.0027 M, NaOH, 0.0003 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.0007 M, NaOH, 0.0003 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaCl, 0.0000 M, NaOH, 0.0003 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, HgClŇHg 273 K 298 K Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.673 M, HgOŇHg 298.65 K 302.45 K 314.85 K 327.45 K

1.0764 1.0543 1.0640 1.0291 1.0363 1.0563 1.0666 1.0412 1.0490 1.0296 1.0371 1.0326 1.0408 0.9776 0.9536 0.9522 0.9536 0.9527 0.9542 0.9512 0.9535 0.9287 0.9248 0.9208 0.9163

29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 29Bje 08Brö 08Brö 08Brö 08Brö

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 M, IrCl62– , 4.86 mM, IrCl3– 6 , 5.16 mMŇIr

1.0240

31Sho

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 M, IrCl , 4.84 mM, IrCl , 5.19 mMŇIr

1.0237

31Sho

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 M, IrCl62– , 2.48 mM, IrCl3– 6 , 7.63 mMŇIr

0.9969

31Sho

0.9891 1.610 1.617 1.654 1.801 0.2252 0.0954 0.0959 0.1173 0.1190 0.1449 0.1475 0.1644 0.1674 0.1830 0.1864 1.800 1.842

31Sho 99Dol 99Dol 99Dol 99Dol 28Get1 34Shr2 34Shr2 34Shr2 34Shr2 34Shr2 34Shr2 34Shr2 34Shr2 34Shr2 34Shr2 37Noy 37Noy

2– 6

2– 6

3– 6

3– 6

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 M, IrCl , 1.98 mM, IrCl , 8.15 mMŇIr Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.513 MŒH2SO4, 0.513 M, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbO2 Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.01 MŒH2SO4, 1.01 M, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbO2 Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.30 MŒH2SO4, 2.30 M, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbO2 Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 7.70 MŒH2SO4, 7.70 M, PbSO4,sol.ŇPbO2 Pt, H2ŇHI, 0.0891 mŇPbI2,sat.ŇPbHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.001 m, PbSO4ŇPbHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.002 m, PbSO4ŇPbHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.005 m, PbSO4ŇPbHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01 m, PbSO4ŇPbHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.02 m, PbSO4ŇPbHg Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 MŒHNO3, 1.0 M, Co(NO3)2, Co(NO3)3ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 MŒHNO3, 3.0 M, Co(NO3)2, Co(NO3)3ŇPt

0 °C 0 °C 0 °C 0 °C 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 273 K 298 K 0 °C 25 °C

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 MŒHNO3, 4.0 M, Co(NO3)2, Co(NO3)3ŇPt

95

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 0 °C 25 °C

Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.19841 MŒHClO4, 0.19460 M, Ce(ClO4)3, 0.74 mM Ce(ClO4)4, 9.33 mMŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.8071 MŒHClO4, 0.8024 M, Ce(ClO4)3, 1.54 mM Ce(ClO4)4, 8.43 mMŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.19841 MŒHClO4, 0.19649 M, Ce(ClO4)3, 2.95 mM Ce(ClO4)4, 7.11 mMŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 2.4472 MŒHClO4, 2.3855 M, Ce(ClO4)3, 3.55 mM Ce(ClO4)4, 6.58 mMŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.6353 MŒHClO4, 1.6310 M, Ce(ClO4)3, 4.98 mM Ce(ClO4)4, 4.75 mMŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.15 mŒHClO4, 0.1 m, Hg2(ClO4)2, 0.0900 m, Hg(ClO4)2, 0.00810 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.15 mŒHClO4, 0.1 m, Hg2(ClO4)2, 0.0632 m, Hg(ClO4)2, 0.0040 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.15 mŒHClO4, 0.1 m, Hg2(ClO4)2, 0.0449 m, Hg(ClO4)2, 0.0020 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.15 mŒHClO4, 0.1 m, Hg2(ClO4)2, 0.0316 m, Hg(ClO4)2, 0.0010 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.08 mŒHClO4, 0.08 m, Hg2(ClO4)2, 0.004 m, Hg(ClO4)2, 0.004 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.2 mŒHClO4, 0.2 m, Hg2(ClO4)2, 0.004 m, Hg(ClO4)2, 0.004 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 mŒHClO4, 1.0 m, Hg2(ClO4)2, 0.004 m, Hg(ClO4)2, 0.004 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.4948 MŒHClO4, 0.4948 M, TlClO4, 0.0383 M, Tl(ClO4)3, 0.001474 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.7160 MŒHClO4, 0.7160 M, TlClO4, 0.0533 M, Tl(ClO4)3, 0.002119 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.9496 MŒHClO4,0.9496 M, TlClO4, 0.1682 M, Tl(ClO4)3, 0.005804 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.2270 MŒHClO4,1.2270 M, TlClO4, 0.1090 M, Tl(ClO4)3, 0.009230 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.1077 M, VO2ClO4, 0.5293 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.1077 M, VO2ClO4, 0.2.489 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.1077 M, VO2ClO4, 9.855 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.1077 M, VO2ClO4, 19.67 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.02398 M, VO2ClO4, 4.947 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.1077 M, VO2ClO4, 4.947 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.2338 M, VO2ClO4, 4.947 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.4442 M, VO2ClO4, 4.947 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.900 M, VO2ClO4, 4.947 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.004420 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.1077 M, VO2ClO4, 0.004947 mm, VO(ClO4)2, 0.03511 mŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.025 MŒHClO4, 0.025 M, KMnO4, 0.0237 M, MnO2ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.025 MŒHClO4, 0.025 M, KMnO4, 0.0237 M, MnO2ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.025 MŒHClO4, 0.025 M, KMnO4, 0.0237 M, MnO2ŇPt Pt, H2ŇKOH, 5.5 MŒNi2O3*(H2O)x 10 °C 65 °C Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

1.816 1.850 1.7331

37Noy 37Noy 43She

1.6998

43She

1.6982

43She

1.7175

43She

1.6998

43She

0.9034

31Pop

0.9032

31Pop

0.9024

31Pop

0.9017

31Pop

0.9020

31Pop

0.9007

31Pop

0.9072

31Pop

1.2379

36She

1.2301

36She

1.2244

36She

1.2318

36She

0.9031 0.9395 0.9723 0.9875 0.9098 0.9554 0.9783 0.99774 1.0198 0.9084 1.4799 1.4975 1.5114 1.305 1.266

34Car 34Car 34Car 34Car 34Car 34Car 34Car 34Car 34Car 34Car 26Bro 26Bro 26Bro 06Zed 06Zed

96

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpIV/NpIII=0.279)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpIV/NpIII=0.656ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpIV/NpIII=1.028)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpIV/NpIII=1.725)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpIV/NpIII=2.300)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpIV/NpIII=6.874)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 mŒHClO4, 1.0 m, (NpV/NpIV=0.3896)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 mŒHClO4, 1.0 m, (NpV/NpIV=0.7801)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 mŒHClO4, 1.0 m, (NpV/NpIV=1.171)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 mŒHClO4, 1.0 m, (NpV/NpIV=1.560)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 mŒHClO4, 1.0 m, (NpV/NpIV=2.117)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 mŒHClO4, 1.0 m, (NpV/NpIV=2.498)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 mŒHClO4, 1.0 m, (NpV/NpIV=3.120)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpVI/NpV=0.3175)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpVI/NpV=0.6207)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpVI/NpV=1.336)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpVI/NpV=2.448)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.027 mŒHClO4, 1.027 m, (NpVI/NpV=5.024)ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 MŒTlNO3,Tl(NO3)3, HNO3, 0.5 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 MŒTlNO3,Tl(NO3)3, HNO3, 1.0 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 1.0 MŒTlNO3,Tl(NO3)3, HNO3, 1.0 MŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 2.0 MŒTlNO3, Tl(NO3)3, HNO3, 2.0ŇPt Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.01 M, CH3COONa, 0.01 M, SrCl2, 0.996 M, quinhydroneŇPt Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.01 M, CH3COONa, 0.01 M, SrCl2, 1.793 M, quinhydroneŇPt Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.01 M, CH3COONa, 0.01 M, BaCl2, 0.5 M, quinhydroneŇPt Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.01 M, CH3COONa, 0.01 M, BaCl2, 0.9 M, quinhydroneŇPt Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.01 M, CH3COONa, 0.01 M, BaCl2, 0.15 M, quinhydroneŇPt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.078 mŒHCl, 6.078 mŒN2+Cl2, 0.00597 M, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.078 mŒHCl, 6.078 mŒN2+Cl2, 0.01492 M, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.078 mŒHCl, 6.078 mŒN2+Cl2, 0.04633 M, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.078 mŒHCl, 6.078 mŒN2+Cl2, 0.09905 M, Pt Pt, H2ŇHI, 5.8 MŒHI, 5.8 M, I2, 0.29 MŒPt (UT [V]=0.2372–11.0·10–4(T–31.6 °C)) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0100 mŒHIO3, 0.0100 m, I2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0950 mŒHIO3, 0.0950 m, I2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.001 m, Pb(ClO4)2, 0.001 m, PbO2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.0025 m, Pb(ClO4)2, 0.0025 m, PbO2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.01 m, Pb(ClO4)2, 0.01 m, PbO2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.025 m, Pb(ClO4)2, 0.025 m, PbO2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.1 m, Pb(ClO4)2, 0.1 m, PbO2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.25 m, Pb(ClO4)2, 0.01 m, PbO2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.25 m, Pb(ClO4)2, 0.001 m, PbO2,sol.ŇPt Pt, H2ŇHClO4, 0.25 m, Pb(ClO4)2, 0.0001 m, PbO2,sol.ŇPt

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

0 °C

31.6 °C

Ref.

0.1216 0.1428 0.1546 0.1676 0.1746 0.2039 0.7154 0.7329 0.7444 0.7518 0.7581 0.7631 0.7689 1.1067 1.1239 1.1434 1.1591 1.1721 1.2303 1.2306 1.193 1.2300 0.0012

52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 52Coh 36Noy 36Noy 36Noy 36Noy 31Lar

0.0037

31Lar

0.0007

31Lar

0.0025

31Lar

0.0043

31Lar

1.1478 1.1595 1.1741 1.1840 0.2372

25For 25For 25For 25For 10Ste

1.1425 1.1621 1.378 1.389 1.407 1.417 1.432 1.501 1.523 1.549

31Lun 31Lun 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat 33Bat Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.0005 m, PbSO4,sat.ŇPbO2ŇPt (UT [V]=U0–0.68479·10–3(T–298 K)+0.9111·10–6(T–298 K)2, 273
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

97

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

298 K

1.42151 35Har

298 K

1.43276 35Har

298 K

1.444458 35Har

298 K

1.46706 35Har

298 K

1.47976 35Har

298 K

1.49528 35Har

298 K

1.50502 35Har

298 K

1.51540 35Har

298 K

1.53427 35Har

298 K

1.54464 35Har

298 K

1.55733 35Har

298 K

1.57398 35Har

298 K

1.59038 35Har

298 K

1.61231 35Har

298 K

1.63121 35Har

298 K

1.64429 35Har

298 K

1.65507 35Har

298 K

1.67536 35Har

298 K

1.69379 35Har

298 K

1.71096 35Har

298 K

1.72646 35Har

298 K

1.74061 35Har

273 K 288 K 298 K 313 K 333 K

1.6769 1.6816 1.6849 1.6923 1.6986

35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har 35Har

98

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) H2ŇHClO4ŇSb2O3ŇSb Indium (In) InŇInCl3, 0.001515 M, HCl, 0.02 M, AgClŇAg InŇInCl3, 0.00533 M, HCl, 0.02 M, AgClŇAg InŇInCl3, 0.01104 M, HCl, 0.02 M, AgClŇAg InŇInCl3, 0.02744 M, HCl, 0.02 M, AgClŇAg InŇInCl3, 0.01 MŒKNO3, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg InŇInCl3, 0.1 MŒKNO3,0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg InŇInCl3, 1.0 MŒKNO3,0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg In0.016wt%HgŇIn2(SO4)3ŇIn0.008wt%Hg In0.242wt%HgŇIn2(SO4)3ŇIn0.120wt%Hg In0.384wt%HgŇIn2(SO4)3ŇIn0.242wt%Hg In1.92wt%HgŇIn2(SO4)3ŇIn0.384wt%Hg Iodine (I) PtŇI2, 0.005 M, KI, 0.115 MŒI2, 0.05 M, KI, 0.115 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.005 M, KI, 0.23 MŒI2, 0.05 M, KI, 0.23 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.005 M, KI, 0.344 MŒI2, 0.05 M, KI, 0.344 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.0005 M, KI, 0.115 MŒI2, 0.005 M, KI 0.005 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.0005 M, KI, 0.23 MŒI2, 0.005 M, KI, 0.23 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.0005 M, KI, 0.344 MŒI2, 0.005 M, KI, 0.344 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.0139 M, KI, 1.0 MŒI2, 0.056 M, KI, 1.0 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.0139 M, KI, 1.0 MŒI2, 0.109 M, KI, 1.0 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.0139 M, KI, 1.0 MŒI2, 0.209 M, KI, 1.0 MŇPt PtŇI2, 0.0139 M, KI, 1.0 MŒI2, 0.508 M, KI, 1.0 MŇPt Iron (Fe) FeŇFeSO4, 0.123 M, H2SO4, 0.0 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg FeŇFeSO4, 0.123 M, H2SO4, 0.0005 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg FeŇFeSO4, 0.131 M, H2SO4, 0.05 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg FeŇFeSO4, 0.123 M, H2SO4, 0.125 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg FeŇFeSO4, 0.130 M, H2SO4, 0.25 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Lanthanum (La) LaŇLaBr3,sat.ŒKCl, 1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg La1.5wt%HgŇLaBr3,sat.ŒKCl, 1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Lead (Pb) PbŇPbCl2ŇPbsat.Hg PbŇPbI2,sol., KI, 0.01 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPbI2,sol., KI, 0.1 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPb(NO3)2, 0.0036 MŒKNO3, 0.5 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPb(NO3)2, 0.011 MŒKNO3, 0.5 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPb(NO3)2, 0.05 MŒKNO3, 0.5 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPb(NO3)2, 0.36 MŒKNO3, 0.5 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPbO(yellow),sol., NaOH, 1.0 MŒNaOH, 1.0 M, HgOŇHg PbŇPbO(red),sol., NaOH, 1.0 MŒNaOH, 1.0 M, HgOŇHg PbŇPbO,sol., NaOH, HgOŇHg

PbŇPbS,sol., Na2S, 0.005 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 313 K

Ref.

0.1524

24Sch1

0 °C 0 °C 0 °C 0 °C

0.7370 0.7264 0.7191 0.7061 0.739 0.728 0.714 0.0058 0.0057 0.0038 0.0145

30Hak 30Hak 30Hak 30Hak 04Thi 04Thi 04Thi 10Ric 10Ric 10Ric 10Ric

20.4 °C 20.4 °C 20.4 °C 20.4 °C 20.4 °C 20.4 °C 20.4 °C 20.4 °C 20.4 °C 20.4 °C

0.0444 0.0352 0.0326 0.0304 0.0297 0.0295 0.0184 0.0273 0.0376 0.0588

08Lau 08Lau 08Lau 08Lau 08Lau 08Lau 08Lau 08Lau 08Lau 08Lau

0.753 0.753 0.724 0.669 0.634

24Ric 24Ric 24Ric 24Ric 24Ric

0.71 0.932

29Mül1 29Mül1

0.00584 0.5277 0.5812 0.487 0.472 0.456 0.438 0.6734 0.6808 0.673 0.675 0.675 0.700

29Car 17Lew3 17Lew3 03Sac 03Sac 03Sac 03Sac 22App 22App 26Fri 26Fri 26Fri 22Jel

20 °C 20 °C 0 °C 23.5 °C 39 °C 10.5 °C

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) PbŇPbS,sol., Na2S, 0.01 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPbS,sol., Na2S, 0.05 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPbS,sol., Na2S, 0.1 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPbS,sol., Na2S, 0.5 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PbŇPbSO4,sol., Na2SO4, Hg2SO4ŇHg PbŇPbSO4,sol., ZnSO4,sat., Hg2SO4ŇPbsat.Hg PbŇPbSO4,sat., H2SO4, 0.00046 MŇPbO2 PbŇPbSO4,sat., H2SO4, 0.0124 MŇPbO2 PbŇPbSO4,sat., H2SO4, 0.0505 MŇPbO2 PbŇPbSO4,sat., H2SO4, 0.111 MŇPbO2 PbŇPbSO4,sat., H2SO4, 0.180 MŇPbO2 PbŇPbSO4,sat., H2SO4, 0.360 MŇPbO2 PbŇPbSO4,sat., H2SO4, 1.00 MŇPbO2 PbŇPbSO4ŇH2SO4, 0.05 mŇPbSO4ŇPbO2ŇPt (UT [V]=U0–0.310·10–3(T–298 K)+0.134·10–6(T–298 K)2, 273
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

99

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 10.5 °C 10.5 °C 10.5 °C 10.5 °C

Ref.

0 °C 0 °C 0 °C 0 °C 0 °C 0 °C 0 °C 298 K

0.712 0.743 0.764 0.787 0.9697 0.00586 1.472 1.672 1.745 1.782 1.808 1.844 1.896 1.76874

298 K

1.80207 35Har

298 K

1.87910 35Har

298 K

1.91737 35Har

298 K

1.96637 35Har

298 K

2.00874 35Har

298 K

2.04789 35Har

298 K

2.08502 35Har

298 K

2.11910 35Har

298 K

2.15071 35Har 0.5480 0.5311 0.5311 0.5661 0.5362 0.5176 0.5188 0.5521 0.5256 0.5057 0.5071 0.5392 0.5149 0.4939 0.4946

22Jel 22Jel 22Jel 22Jel 18Hen 34Hoy 99Dol 99Dol 99Dol 99Dol 99Dol 99Dol 99Dol 35Har

33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All 33All

100

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, KCl, 292 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 2 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 2 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 200 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 200 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 600 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 600 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, LiCl,sat.ŒLiCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 2 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 2 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 200 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 200 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 600 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 600 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, LiCl,sat.ŒLiCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 2 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 2 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 200 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 200 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 600 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 600 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, LiCl,sat.ŒLiCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 2 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 2 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 200 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 200 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, LiCl, 600 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 600 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, LiCl,sat.ŒLiCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., LiCl, 2 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 2 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., LiCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., LiCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., LiCl, 200 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 200 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.5272 0.5407

33All 35Par

0.5209

35Par

0.5117

35Par

0.5239

35Par

0.5658

35Par

0.5679 0.5315

35Par 35Par

0.5122

35Par

0.5032

35Par

0.5163

35Par

0.5575

35Par

0.5594 0.5221

35Par 35Par

0.5032

35Par

0.4946

35Par

0.5084

35Par

0.5485

35Par

0.5510 0.5128

35Par 35Par

0.494

35Par

0.4867

35Par

0.5002

35Par

0.5397

35Par

0.5435 0.4842 0.4842 0.4842 0.4842

35Par 35Par 35Par 35Par 35Par

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., LiCl, 600 g/kg H2OŒLiCl, 600 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., LiCl,sat.ŒLiCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 5 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 5 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 100 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 100 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 250 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 250 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.125 g/kg H2O, NaCl,sat.ŒNaCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 5 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 5 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 100 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 100 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 250 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 250 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.25 g/kg H2O, NaCl,sat.ŒNaCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 5 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 5 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 100 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 100 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 250 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 250 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.5 g/kg H2O, NaCl,sat.ŒNaCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 5 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 5 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 100 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 100 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 250 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 250 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl,sat.ŒNaCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 2.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 5 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 5 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 2.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 10 g/kg H2O, Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

101

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.4842 0.4842 0.5369

35Par 35Par 35Bra

0.5276

35Bra

0.5187

35Bra

0.5215

35Bra

0.5408

35Bra

0.5557 0.5272

35Bra 35Bra

0.5184

35Bra

0.5092

35Bra

0.5128

35Bra

0.5315

35Bra

0.5469 0.5174

35Bra 35Bra

0.5092

35Bra

0.5002

35Bra

0.5038

35Bra

0.5222

35Bra

0.5376 0.5078

35Bra 35Bra

0.5001

35Bra

0.4914

35Bra

0.4945

35Bra

0.5126

35Bra

0.5280 0.4984

35Bra 35Bra

0.4909

35Bra

102

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 2.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 100 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 100 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 2.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl, 250 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 250 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 2.0 g/kg H2O, NaCl,sat.ŒNaCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., NaCl, 5 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 5 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., NaCl, 10 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 10 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., NaCl, 50 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 50 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., NaCl, 100 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 100 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., NaCl, 250 g/kg H2OŒNaCl, 250 g/kg H2O, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2,sat., NaCl,sat.ŒNaCl,sat., AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbBr2,sat., KBrŒKBr, AgBrŇAg (UT [V]=0.3465–2.89·10–4(T–25 °C)) Pbsat.HgŇPbBr2, 1.536 mm, AgBrŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbBr2, 3.626 mm, AgBrŇAg (UT [V]=0.4053+61.2·10–5(T–25 °C)–3.97·10–6(T–25 °C)2) Pbsat.HgŇPbBr2, 7.196 mm, AgBrŇAg (UT [V]=0.3835+54.6·10–5(T–25 °C)–3.20·10–6(T–25 °C)2) Pbsat.HgŇPbBr2, 9.551 mm, AgBrŇAg (UT [V]=0.3758+51.1·10–5(T–25 °C)–2.90·10–6(T–25 °C)2) Pbsat.HgŇPbBr2, 12.736 mm, AgBrŇAg (UT [V]=0.3682+50.2·10–5(T–25 °C)–2.70·10–6(T–25 °C)2) Pbsat.HgŇPbBr2, 18.200 mm, AgBrŇAg (UT [V]=0.3584+46.4·10–5(T–25 °C)–2.37·10–6(T–25 °C)2) Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.2116 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.6197 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.034 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 1.337 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 2.348 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 2.62 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 5.16 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 10.39 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 20.48 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 29.55 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 39.05 mm, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.001028 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.002135 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.002056 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.00427 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.004112 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.01709 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.01097 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02279 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.01729 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.03575 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.019037 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.00503 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.019037 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.01003 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.019037 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02008 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.019037 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.04013 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.019037 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.08027 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.019037 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.10025 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.000446 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02004 m, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.4858

35Bra

0.5040

35Bra

0.5183 0.4842 0.4842 0.4842 0.4842 0.4842 0.4842 0.3465

35Bra 35Bra 35Bra 35Bra 35Bra 35Bra 35Bra 32Can

0.4334 0.4053

42Bat 42Bat

0.3835

42Bat

0.3758

42Bat

0.3682

42Bat

0.3584

42Bat

0.6537 0.6143 0.5960 0.5870 0.5677 0.5639 0.5419 0.5205 0.5012 0.4913 0.4842 0.5994 0.5764 0.5333 0.5248 0.5130 0.5043 0.5052 0.5072 0.5096 0.5143 0.5154 0.6464

29Car 29Car 29Car 29Car 29Car 29Car 29Car 29Car 29Car 29Car 29Car 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.000892 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02004 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.003567 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02004 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.007136 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02004 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.01427 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02004 m, AgClŇAg Pbsat.HgŇPbCl2, 0.02856 mm, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02004 m, AgClŇAg PbHgŇPbI2,sol., PbI2,sat., KI, 0.025 m, AgIŇAg

PbHgŇPbI2,sol., PbI2,sat., KI, 0.05 m, AgIŇAg

PbHgŇPbI2,sol., PbI2,sat., KI, 0.1 m, AgIŇAg

Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 0.001 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 0.005 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 0.01 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 0.05 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 0.1 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 0.5 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 1.0 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 3.0 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 5.0 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 7.0 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbHPO4,sol., H3PO4, 10.0 mŇH2, Pt Pbsat.HgŇPbO(red),sol., Ba(OH)2, 0.132 MŇH2, Pt

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

103

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

15.3 °C 23.6 °C 25 °C 26.1 °C 30.0 °C 32.1 °C 35 °C 15.3 °C 17 °C 23.6°C 25 °C 26.1 °C 30.0 °C 32.2 °C 35 °C 36 °C 40 °C 15.3 °C 18.7 °C 23.6 °C 25 °C 26.1 °C 30.0 °C 32.2 °C 35 °C 36 °C 40 °C

20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C

0.6182 0.5647 0.5392 0.5161 0.4950 0.21043 0.20845 0.20810 0.20708 0.20760 0.20623 0.20515 0.2095 0.2091 0.2078 0.2075 0.2072 0.2065 0.2063 0.2053 0.2053 0.2043 0.2092 0.2081 0.2074 0.2070 0.2070 0.2056 0.2060 0.2046 0.2049 0.2035 0.0623 0.0978 0.1113 0.1383 0.1492 0.1724 0.1828 0.2018 0.2134 0.2229 0.2343 0.2599 0.2579 0.2561 0.2545

Ref. 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 36Cro 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 37Can2 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 47Mas 29Ish 29Ish 29Ish 29Ish

104 Cell composition 2) Pbsat.HgŇPbBr2,sol., PbBr2,sat., Hg2Br2ŇHg

2 Cell voltages T [K, °C] U0 [V] 40 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C

Pbsat.HgŇPbI,sol., PbBr2,sat., KI, 0.01 MŒKI, 0.01 M, PbI,sol., Hg2I2,sol.ŇHg (UT [V]=0.3175+1.29·10–4(T–25 °C), 20
Ref.

0.2531 0.4136 0.4138 0.4140 0.4142 0.3175

29Ish 33Ish2 33Ish2 33Ish2 33Ish2 28Vos

0.4170

28Vos

0.6714 0.6683 0.6664 0.96466 0.9635 0.9644 0.9653 0.9660 0.104 0.043 0.035 0.026

32Spe2 32Spe2 32Spe2 18Hen 33Ued2 33Ued2 33Ued2 33Ued2 03Con 03Con 03Con 03Con

2.3952

13Lew

2.3871 2.3861 1.9790 2.3871 2.1288 2.1245 2.1203 2.3952

24Dru 24Dru 33Ued1 24Dru 33Ued1 33Ued1 33Ued1 13Lew

2.3861 2.6760 2.6748 2.6736

24Dru 33Ued2 33Ued2 33Ued2

1.561

34Sch

1.428 1.445 1.449 1.451

26Roy 26Roy 26Roy 26Roy

0.213 0.207

32Has 32Has

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCl,sat.ŒK2C2O4, 0.0656 m, Ag2C2O4ŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCl,sat.ŒK2C2O4, 0.1314 m, Ag2C2O4ŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCl,sat.ŒK2C2O4, 0.656 m, Ag2C2O4ŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒNaNO3, 0.3 M, KNO3, 1.7 MŒAgClO4, 0.00271 MŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒNaNO3, 0.3 M, KNO3, 1.7 MŒAgClO4, 0.0271 MŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒNaNO3, 0.3 M, KNO3, 1.7 MŒAgClO4, 0.271 MŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒK2CrO4, 0.005 M, Ag2CrO4ŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒK2CrO4, 0.01 M, Ag2CrO4ŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒK2CrO4, 0.05 M, Ag2CrO4ŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒK2CrO4, 0.1 M, Ag2CrO4ŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒK2CrO4, 0.5 M, Ag2CrO4ŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒNaNO3, 0.3 M, KNO3, 1.7 MŒAgNO3, 0.001 MŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒNaNO3, 0.3 M, KNO3, 1.7 MŒAgNO3, 0.01 MŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒNaNO3, 0.3 M, KNO3, 1.7 MŒAgNO3, 0.1 MŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒNaNO3, 0.3 M, KNO3, 1.7 MŒAg2SO4, 0.002 MŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒNaNO3, 0.3 M, KNO3, 1.7 MŒAg2SO4, 0.02 MŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., CdSO4, 0.005 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., CdSO4, 0.01 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., CdSO4, 0.05 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., CdSO4, 0.1 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., CdSO4, 0.5 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., CdSO4, 1.0 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., CdSO4, 1.5 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., K2SO4, 0.005 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., K2SO4, 0.01 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., K2SO4, 0.05 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., K2SO4, 0.1 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., K2SO4, 0.5 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., MgSO4, 0.005 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., MgSO4, 0.01 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., MgSO4, 0.05 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., MgSO4, 0.1 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., MgSO4, 0.5 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., MgSO4, 1.0 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., Na2SO4, 0.005 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., Na2SO4, 0.01 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., Na2SO4, 0.05 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., Na2SO4, 0.1 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., Na2SO4, 0.3 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2SO4,sol., Na2SO4, 0.6 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, AgClŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒAuCl3, 0.01 MŇAu HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒHNO3, 3.32 M, Au2OŇAu HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 0.0506 mŒH2SO4, 0.0506 m, Au2O3ŇAu Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

105

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.196 0.190 0.182 0.3114

32Has 32Has 32Has 27Bre

0.3681

27Bre

0.4221

27Bre

0.203 0.195 0.182 0.175 0.161 0.2856

32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 27Bre

0.3433 0.3980 0.3031

27Bre 27Bre 27Bre

0.3579 0.399 0.393 0.387 0.3855 0.384 0.382 0.381 0.398 0.392 0.3775 0.372 0.3635 0.399 0.393 0.380 0.375 0.366 0.360 0.398 0.392 0.378 0.3735 0.369 0.3675 0.894 0.835 0.599

27Bre 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 32Has 06Faw 07Cam 27Ger

106

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 0.1031 mŒH2SO4, 0.1031 m, Au2O3ŇAu HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 1.031 mŒH2SO4, 1.031 m, Au2O3ŇAu HgŇPbS,sat.ŇPbSO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 1.0 M, CuCl, 0.1016 M, CuCl2, 0.1001 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 1.0 M, CuCl, 0.1254 M, CuCl2, 0.2002 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 1.0 M, CuCl, 0.1449 M, CuCl2, 0.3003 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 1.0 M, CuCl, 0.1703 M, CuCl2, 0.4004 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 1.0 M, CuCl, 0.1919 M, CuCl2, 0.5005 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒFeSO4, 0.5 MŇFe (ultrapure) HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒFeSO4, 0.5 MŇFe (technical purity) HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒFeSO4, 0.5 MŇFe (reduced) HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒFeSO4, 0.5 MŇFe (hydrogen loaded) HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.0995 M, FeCl3, 0.0005 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.099 M, FeCl3, 0.001 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.09 M, FeCl3, 0.01 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.05 M, FeCl3, 0.05 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.01 M, FeCl3, 0.09 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.004 M, FeCl3, 0.096 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.002 M, FeCl3, 0.098 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.5 M, FeCl2, 0.45 M, FeCl3, 0.05 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.25 M, FeCl2, 0.225 M, FeCl3, 0.025 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 0.75 M, FeCl2, 0.225 M, FeCl3, 0.025 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNH4Cl, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNH4Cl, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNaCl, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNaCl, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒLiCl, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒLiCl, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒMgCl2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒMgCl2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCaCl2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCaCl2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒBaCl2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒBaCl2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M,

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

20 °C 20 °C 20 °C 20 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C

Ref.

0.629 0.690 0.0670 0.1489 0.1673 0.1841 0.1920 0.2033 0.761 0.765 0.761 0.9 0.296 0.312 0.375 0.427 0.483 0.506 0.522 0.346 0.362 0.341 0.6972

27Ger 27Ger 29Nim 09Pom 09Pom 09Pom 09Pom 09Pom 07Ric 07Ric 07Ric 07Ric 98Pet 98Pet 98Pet 98Pet 98Pet 98Pet 98Pet 98Pet 98Pet 98Pet 29Isg

0.6890

29Isg

0.7001

29Isg

0.6978

29Isg

0.6983

29Isg

0.6913

29Isg

0.7047

29Isg

0.7016

29Isg

0.7038

29Isg

0.7014

29Isg

0.7033

29Isg

0.7026

29Isg

0.7032

29Isg

0.7025

29Isg Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒZnCl2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒZnCl2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCdCl2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCdCl2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNH4NO3, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNH4NO3, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNaNO3, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒNaNO3, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKNO3, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKNO3, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒLiNO3, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒLiNO3, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒMg(NO3)2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒMg(NO3)2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCa(NO3)2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCa(NO3)2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒSr(NO3)2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒSr(NO3)2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCd(NO3)2, 1.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCd(NO3)2, 2.0 M, HCl, 0.1 M, FeCl3, 0.1 M, FeCl2, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒHNO3, 0.05 M, Fe(NO3)2, 0.05 M, Fe(NO3)3, 0.05 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 1.75 MŒHNO3, 0.05 M, Fe(NO3)2, 0.05 M, Fe(NO3)3, 0.05 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒHNO3, 0.0125 M, Fe(NO3)2, 0.01 M, Fe(NO3)3, 0.05 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 1.75 MŒHNO3, 0.0125 M, Fe(NO3)2, 0.01 M, Fe(NO3)3, 0.056 MŇPt

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

107

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.7055

29Isg

0.7100

29Isg

0.7112

29Isg

0.7144

29Isg

0.7123

29Isg

0.7141

29Isg

0.7139

29Isg

0.7164

29Isg

0.7130

29Isg

0.7138

29Isg

0.7176

29Isg

0.7258

29Isg

0.7195

29Isg

0.7292

29Isg

0.7171

29Isg

0.7254

29Isg

0.7171

29Isg

0.7225

29Isg

0.7260

29Isg

0.7382

29Isg

0.4494

12Noy

0.4479

12Noy

0.4519

12Noy

0.4517

12Noy

108

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒHNO3, 0.05 M, Fe(NO3)2, 0.0045 M, Fe(NO3)3, 0.0056 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 1.75 MŒHNO3, 0.05 M, Fe(NO3)2, 0.0045 M, Fe(NO3)3, 0.0056 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 MŒHNO3, 0.05 M, Fe(NO3)2, 0.00257 M, Fe(NO3)3, 0.0064 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 1.75 MŒHNO3, 0.05 M, Fe(NO3)2, 0.0257 M, Fe(NO3)3, 0.0064 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒK4Fe(CN)6, 0.09 M, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.01 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒK4Fe(CN)6, 0.08 M, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.02 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒK4Fe(CN)6, 0.05 M, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.05 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒK4Fe(CN)6, 0.02 M, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.08 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒK4Fe(CN)6, 0.01 M, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.09 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCN, 0.0 m, K4Fe(CN)6, 0.01 m, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.01 mŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCN, 0.0321 m, K4Fe(CN)6, 0.01 m, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.01 mŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCN, 0.1284 m, K4Fe(CN)6, 0.01 m, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.01 mŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCN, 0.2766 m, K4Fe(CN)6, 0.01 m, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.01 mŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCN, 0.5532 m, K4Fe(CN)6, 0.01 m, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.01 mŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCN, 0.8685 m, K4Fe(CN)6, 0.01 m, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.01 mŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 mŒKCN, 1.1580 m, K4Fe(CN)6, 0.01 m, K3Fe(CN)6, 0.01 mŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKI, 0.000978 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKI, 0.00391 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKI, 0.01 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKI, 0.02 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKI, 0.0625 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKI, 0.1 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKI, 0.5 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKI, 1.0 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒCuI,sol., I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKNO3, 0.1 M, PbI2,sol., I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 0.5 MŒHIO3, 1.0 M, I2,sol.ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 MŇair+Cl2, 0.00293 atm, PtIr HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 MŇair+Cl2, 0.00629 atm, PtIr HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 MŇair+Cl2, 0.0124 atm, PtIr HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 MŇair+Cl2, 0.0249 atm, PtIr HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1 MŇair+Cl2, 0.0490 atm, PtIr HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 1.0 MŒHCl, 1.0 MŇCl2, PtIr(15wt%)

HgŇCrCl2, 2.163 M, CrCl3, 0.241 M, HCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.4649

12Noy

0.4649

12Noy

0.4131

12Noy

0.4121

12Noy

0.133 0.153 0.189 0.222 0.241 0.0684

02Fre 02Fre 02Fre 02Fre 02Fre 32Mas1

0.0747

32Mas1

0.0892

32Mas1

0.1040

32Mas1

0.1182

32Mas1

0.1242

32Mas1

0.1257

32Mas1

0.440 0.4080 0.3872 0.3780 0.3456 0.3340 0.2978 0.2892 20...21 °C 0.358 20...21 °C 0.400 18 °C 0.841

22Keo 22Keo 22Keo 22Keo 22Keo 22Keo 22Keo 22Keo 10Fed 10Fed 05Lut1, 05Lut2 11Lew 11Lew 11Lew 11Lew 11Lew 22Ger 22Ger 22Ger 17For

15.0 °C 24.9 °C 35.0 °C

1.0150 1.0242 1.0330 1.0424 1.0508 1.0996 1.0903 1.0813 0.801

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) HgŇCrCl2, 3.153 M, CrCl3, 1.457 M, HCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇCrCl2, 0.774 M, CrCl3, 1.200 M, HCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇCrCl2, 0.773 M, CrCl3, 3.627 M, HCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, CaCl2, 0.002 MŒCaCl2, 0.001 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, CaCl2, 0.0025 MŒCaCl2, 0.00125 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, CaCl2, 0.0025 MŒCaCl2, 0.002 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, CaCl2, 0.005 MŒCaCl2, 0.0025 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, SrCl2, 0.002 MŒSrCl2, 0.001 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, SrCl2, 0.0025 MŒSrCl2, 0.00125 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, SrCl2, 0.0025 MŒSrCl2, 0.002 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, BaCl2, 0.002 MŒBaCl2, 0.001 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, BaCl2, 0.0025 MŒBaCl2, 0.001 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, BaCl2, 0.002 MŒBaCl2, 0.00125 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, BaCl2, 0.005 MŒBaCl2, 0.0025 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, BaCl2, 0.01 MŒBaCl2, 0.005 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, ZnCl2, 0.00125 MŒZnCl2, 0.001 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, ZnCl2, 0.0025 MŒZnCl2, 0.00125 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, ZnCl2, 0.005 MŒZnCl2, 0.0025 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, ZnCl2, 0.01 MŒZnCl2, 0.005 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2I2,sol., KI, 0.05 mŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2I2,sol., KI, 0.1 mŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHgNO3, 0.01 M, HNO3, 0.001 MŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHgNO3, 0.01 M, HNO3, 0.009 MŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHgNO3, 0.01 M, HNO3, 0.098 MŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 0.05 mŒH2SO4, 0.1 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 0.1 mŒH2SO4, 0.2 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 0.2mŒH2SO4, 0.3 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 0.3 mŒH2SO4, 0.5 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 0.5 mŒH2SO4, 1.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 1.0 mŒH2SO4, 2.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, NaCl, 1.0 MŒNaCl, 1.0 M, Na2IrCl6, 0.984 mM, Na3IrCl6, 2.132 mMŇIr HgŇHg2Cl2, NaCl, 1.0 MŒNaCl, 1.0 M, Na2IrCl6, 0.984 mM, Na3IrCl6, 8.757 mMŇIr HgŇHg2Cl2, NaCl, 1.0 MŒNaCl, 1.0 M, Na2IrCl6, 0.984 mM, Na3IrCl6, 18.48 mMŇIr HgŇHg2Cl2, NaCl, 1.0 MŒNaCl, 1.0 M, Na2IrCl6, 8.330 mM, Na3IrCl6, 0.874 mMŇIr HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 1.0 MŒHNO3, 0.1 M, Mn(NO3)2, 0.005 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 1.0 MŒHNO3, 0.00078 M, Mn(NO3)2, 0.005 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 1.0 MŒHNO3, 0.05 M, Mn(NO3)2, 0.1 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 1.0 MŒHNO3, 0.05M, Mn(NO3)2, 0.00078 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.05 M, KMnO4,0.002 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.01 M, KMnO4, 0.01 MŇMnO2 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

109

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 25 °C 25 °C 25 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C 30 °C

20 °C 20 °C 20 °C 20 °C

0.757 0.727 0.693 0.01853 0.01875 0.00593 0.01799 0.0185 0.0185 0.00589 0.0238 0.0179 0.0175 0.0172 0.0162 0.0948 0.0576 –0.0529 –0.0831 0.00579 0.0188 0.0184 0.0179 0.2927 0.3094 0.4449 0.4424 0.4311 0.0145 0.0143 0.00852 0.0110 0.0163 0.0200 0.728

Ref. 17For 17For 17For 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 27Erd 17Lew2 17Lew2 17Lew2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 32Mas2 31McB 31McB 12Dru 12Dru 12Dru 35Ham2 35Ham2 35Ham2 35Ham2 35Ham2 35Ham2 30Ter

0.764

30Ter

0.777

30Ter

0.638

30Ter

0.9813 0.7685 0.9442 0.9942 1.145 1.115

00Tow 00Tow 00Tow 00Tow 03Ing 03Ing

110

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.02 M, KMnO4, 0.02 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.05 M, KMnO4, 0.05 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.005 M, MnSO4, 0.001 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.005 M, MnSO4, 0.01 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.05 M, MnSO4, 0.001 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.05 M, MnSO4, 0.01 MŇMnO2 HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl, 1.0 MŒNiCl2, 0.5 MŇNi HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒNiSO4, 0.005 MŇNi HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒNiSO4, 0.05 MŇNi HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKNO3, 1.0 M, Ni(NO3)2, 0.005 M, Ni(OH)2, HgOŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒKNO3, 1.0 M, Ni(NO3)2, 0.05 M, Ni(OH)2, HgOŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.2578, HCl, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.5066, HCl, 0.1 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.0634, HCl, 1.0 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.2642, HCl, 1.0 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.500, HCl, 1.0 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.7449, HCl, 1.0 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.1579, HCl, 3.0 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.5078, HCl, 3.0 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.7533, HCl, 3.0 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.8762, HCl, 3.0 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.2103, HCl, 4.9 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.4227, HCl, 4.9 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.5206, HCl, 4.9 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.6471, HCl, 4.9 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.6811, HCl, 4.9 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.7750, HCl, 4.9 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.2892, HCl, 6.66 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.4496, HCl, 6.66 MŇPt

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C

Ref.

1.165 1.171 0.851 0.821 0.958 0.935 0.596 0.6607 0.6385 0.182

03Ing 03Ing 03Ing 03Ing 03Ing 03Ing 09Sch 28Mur 28Mur 04Lab

0.266

04Lab

0.4056 0.4355 0.4339 0.4652 0.3219 0.3294 0.3640 0.3808 0.3923 0.4118 0.3909 0.4417 0.3037 0.3022 0.3481 0.3528 0.3783 0.3876 0.3971 0.4055 0.2724 0.2651 0.2958 0.2926 0.3090 0.3084 0.3203 0.3206 0.3272 0.3285 0.3368 0.3387 0.2409 0.2313 0.2557 0.2473

32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.5243, HCl, 6.66 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.7829, HCl, 6.66 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.4084, HCl, 10.02 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.5759, HCl, 10.02 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 1.0 MŒFeCl3, c1, FeCl2, c2, c1/(c1+c2)=0.8054, HCl, 10.02 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 0.520 mm, K2PtCl4, 0.483 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 0.752 mm, K2PtCl4, 0.252 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 0.555 mm, K2PtCl4, 1.956 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 1.251 mm, K2PtCl4, 1.248 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 2.009 mm, K2PtCl4, 0.500 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 2.511 mm, K2PtCl4, 2.488 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 1.017 mm, K2PtCl4, 3.957 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 1.026 mm, K2PtCl4, 8.999 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, K2PtCl6, 2.483 mm, K2PtCl4, 7.504 mmŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 3.5 mŒHCl, 3.5 m, SbIII,SbVŇAu on Pt HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 4.5 mŒHCl, 4.5 m, SbIII,SbVŇAu on Pt HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 6.0 mŒHCl, 6.0 m, SbIII,SbVŇAu on Pt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1053 M, TlCl, 0.161 mM, TlCl3, 0.0087 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1053 M, TlCl, 0.644 mM, TlCl3, 0.0087 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.1053 M, TlCl, 3.22 mM, TlCl3, 0.0087 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.001 M, KBr, 0.1003 MŇBr2, x=0.0122 in CCl4ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.001 M, KBr, 0.03009 MŇBr2, x=0.0125 in CCl4ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.001 M, KBr, 0.01003 MŇBr2, x=0.0126 in CCl4ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.001 M, KBr, 0.1003 MŇBr2, x=0.00463 in CCl4ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.001 M, KBr, 0.03009 MŇBr2, x=0.0047 in CCl4ŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.001 M, KBr, 0.01003 MŇBr2, x=0.0050 in CCl4ŇPt

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

111

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 20 °C 60 °C 35 °C

0.2679 0.2572 0.2977 0.2934 0.1777 0.1757 0.1912 0.1733 0.2219 0.2075 0.4585

32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 32Car 30Smi

35 °C

0.4720

30Smi

35 °C

0.4410

30Smi

35 °C

0.4581

30Smi

35 °C

0.4762

30Smi

35 °C

0.4585

30Smi

35 °C

0.4404

30Smi

35 °C

0.4303

30Smi

35 °C

0.4446

30Smi

0.746 0.748 0.818 0.5723

49Bro 49Bro 49Bro 05Abe

0.5570

05Abe

0.5393

05Abe

0.8009

17Lew1

0.8276

17Lew1

0.8519

17Lew1

0.7886

17Lew1

0.8163

17Lew1

0.842

17Lew1

112

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 1.0 MŒH2SO4, 1.0 M, CoSO4, 0.465 M, Co2(SO4)3, 0.0173 MŇPt HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 1.0 MŒH2SO4, 1.0 M, CoSO4, 0.0580 M, Co2(SO4)3, 0.0175 MŇPt HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, 1.0 MŒH2SO4, 1.0 M, CoSO4, 0.0881 M, Co2(SO4)3, 0.0486 MŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2, NH4Cl, 0.5 MŒNH4Cl, 0.5 MŒNH3, H2ŇPt (hydrogen passed through aqueous solution of 0.05 M NH3) HgŇHg2Cl2, NH4Cl,sat.ŒNH4Cl,sat.ŒNH3, H2ŇPt (hydrogen passed through aqueous solution of 0.05 M NH3) HgŇHg2SO4, Li2SO4, 0.025 MŒLixHgŇLi2SO4, 0.05 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, Li2SO4, 0.5 MŒLixHgŇLi2SO4, 0.05 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, Na2SO4, 0.025 MŒNaxHgŇNa2SO4, 0.05 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, Na2SO4, 0.25 MŒNaxHgŇNa2SO4, 0.05 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇHg2SO4, Na2SO4, 1.0 MŒNaxHgŇNa2SO4, 0.05 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg HgŇK2Hg(CN)4, 4.355 mM, KCN, 2.54 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇK2Hg(CN)4, 8.33 mM, KCN, 7.72 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇK2Hg(CN)4, 62.5 mM, KCN, 5.79 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇK2Hg(CN)4, 57.1 mM, KCN, 13.7 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 0.238 mm, Nb5+, 23.76 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 0.470 mm, Nb5+, 23.53 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 1.14 mm, Nb5+, 22.85 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 2.2 mm, Nb5+, 21.81 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 7.1 mm, Nb5+, 16.90 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 12 mm, Nb5+, 12 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 16.73 mm, Nb5+, 7.27 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 21.55 mm, Nb5+, 2.4 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 22.72 mm, Nb5+, 1.27 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇNb3+, 23.5 mm, Nb5+, 0.515 mm, H2SO4, 3.14 MŒKCl,sat.Œ KCl,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl,sat.ŒHCl, 2.5 M, TeCl4, 0.402 mMŇTe HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl,sat.ŒHCl, 2.5 M, TeCl4, 0.902 mMŇTe HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl,sat.ŒHCl, 2.5 M, TeCl4, 2.16 mMŇTe HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl,sat.ŒHCl, 2.5 M, TeCl4, 4.02 mMŇTe HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl,sat.ŒHCl, 2.5 M, TeCl4, 8.04 mMŇTe HgŇHg2Cl2, KCl,sat.ŒHCl, 2.5 M, TeCl4, 11.5 mMŇTe

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0 °C

1.03

03Obe

0 °C

1.07

03Obe

0 °C

1.09

03Obe

18 °C

0.8200

10Brö

18 °C

0.6924

10Brö

12 °C

–0.0205 0.0684 –0.0198 0.0452 0.0809 0.520

26Ake 26Ake 26Ake 26Ake 26Ake 32Bri

12 °C

0.459

32Bri

12 °C

0.455

32Bri

12 °C

0.497

32Bri

0.3125

28Kie

0.3225

28Kie

0.3348

28Kie

0.3443

28Kie

0.3618

28Kie

0.3730

28Kie

0.3840

28Kie

0.4014

28Kie

0.4102

28Kie

0.4211

28Kie

0.2724 0.2754 0.2828 0.2867 0.2913 0.2933

33Get 33Get 33Get 33Get 33Get 33Get

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2)

113

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

HgŇHg2Cl2 sat. acetic acidŇchloranil, anhydrous acetic acidŇPt HgŇHg2Cl2 sat. acetic acidŇchloride solution in anhydrous acetic acidŇAgClŇAg HgŇHg2Cl2ŇKCl,sat., formic acidŒquinhydrone, 0.05 M, sodium formate 0.25 M in formic acidŇPt Palladium (Pd) PdŇPdCl2, HCl, 0.9952 MŒHClŇH2, Pt

298 K 298 K

0.9095 0.3928

56Bru 56Bru

298 K

0.5384

56Pin

0.623

43Tem

0.629 0.987

43Tem 43Tem

17 °C

0.274

10Sch1

17 °C

0.239

10Sch1

17 °C

0.195

10Sch1

17 °C

0.195

10Sch1

17 °C

0.160

10Sch1

0 °C

0.6062

27Gru

0 °C

0.5643

27Gru

0 °C

0.5118

27Gru

18 °C

0.122

11För

18 °C

0.181

11För

18 °C

0.506

11För

18 °C

0.552

11För

0.403

08Lut

0.418

08Lut

0.393

08Lut

0.407

08Lut

0.380

08Lut

0.55 0.31 0.3733

49Kra 49Kra 24Col

2– 4

PdŇPdCl2, HCl, HClO4ŒHClŇH2, Pt (formation of PdCl ) PdŇPdCl2, HClO4, 4.0 MŒHClO4ŇH2, Pt Platinum (Pt) PtŇK2Fe(C2O4)2, 0.0425 M, K3Fe(C2O4)2, 0.075 M, K2C2O4ŇKCl, 1.0 M ŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK2Fe(C2O4)2, 0.025 M, K3Fe(C2O4)2, 0.025 M, K2C2O4ŇKCl, 1.0 M ŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK2Fe(C2O4)2, 0.0075 M, K3Fe(C2O4)2, 0.0425 M, K2C2O4ŇKCl, 1.0 M ŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK2Fe(C2O4)2, 0.00213 M, K3Fe(C2O4)2, 0.025 M, K2C2O4ŇKCl, 0.1 M ŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK2Fe(C2O4)2, 0.00085 M, K3Fe(C2O4)2, 0.004 M, K2C2O4ŇKCl, 0.1 M ŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK3Mo(CN)8, 0.0853 M, K4Mo(CN)8, 0.0147 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK3Mo(CN)8, 0.050 M, K4Mo(CN)8, 0.05 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK3Mo(CN)8, 0.010 M, K4Mo(CN)8, 0.09 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇSnCl2, 0.05 M, SnCl4, 0.45 M, NH4Cl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇSnCl2, 0.45 M, SnCl4, 0.05 M, NH4Cl, 1.0 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇSnCl2, 0.05 M, SnCl4, 0.45 M, HCl, 0.5 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇSnCl2, 0.45 M, SnCl4, 0.05 M, HCl, 0.5 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇUO2SO4, 0.0131 M, U(SO4)2, 0.0069 M, H2SO4, 0.052 MŒH2SO4, 0.052 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇUO2SO4, 0.0127 M, U(SO4)2, 0.0273 M, H2SO4, 0.053 MŒH2SO4, 0.053 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇUO2SO4, 0.0941 M, U(SO4)2, 0.0259 M, H2SO4, 0.054 MŒH2SO4, 0.054 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇUO2SO4, 0.0917 M, U(SO4)2, 0.0883 M, H2SO4, 0.050 MŒH2SO4, 0.050 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇUO2SO4, 0.0911 M, U(SO4)2, 0.00886 M, H2SO4, 0.050 MŒH2SO4, 0.050 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇUVI, UV, HCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg PtŇUIV, UV, HCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg PtŇK3W(CN)8, 8.87 mM, K4W(CN)8, 0.986 mM, KCl, 1.0 MŒ KCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

0 °C

114

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) PtŇK3W(CN)8, 4.83 mM, K4W(CN)8, 4.83 mM, KCl, 1.0 MŒ KCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK3W(CN)8, 0.986 mM, K4W(CN)8, 8.87 mM, KCl, 1.0 MŒ KCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK3W(CN)8, 9.64 mM, K4W(CN)8, 86.7 mM, KCl, 0.0 MŒ KCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇK3W(CN)8, 95.5 mM, K4W(CN)8, 10.6 mM, KCl, 0.0 MŒ KCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇVIII, 0.0138 N, VIV, 0.0138 N, H2SO4, 1.5 MŒH2SO4, 1.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIII, 0.125 N, VIV, 0.125 N, H2SO4, 0.375 MŒH2SO4, 1.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIII, 0.125 N, VIV, 0.125 N, H2SO4, 0.625 MŒH2SO4, 1.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIII, 0.125 N, VIV, 0.125 N, H2SO4, 1.5 MŒH2SO4, 1.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIV, 0.0138 N, VV, 0.0138 N, H2SO4, 0.375 MŒH2SO4, 1.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIV, 0.0138 N, VV, 0.0138 N, H2SO4, 0.625 MŒH2SO4, 1.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIV, 0.0138 N, VV, 0.0138 N, H2SO4, 1.5 MŒH2SO4, 1.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIV, 0.125 N, VV, 0.125 N, H2SO4, 0.375 MŒH2SO4, 1.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIV, 0.125 N, VV, 0.125 N, H2SO4, 0.625 MŒH2SO4, 1.0 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇVIV, 0.125 N, VV, 0.125 N, H2SO4,1.5 MŒH2SO4,1.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg PtŇTlCl, 0.1814 mM, TlCl3, 0.01886 mM, HCl+HClO4, 0.9952 MŒHCl, 0.9952 MŇH2, Pt PtŇTlCl, 0.1016 mM, TlCl3, 0.09430 mM, HCl+HClO4, 0.9952 MŒHCl, 0.9952 MŇH2, Pt PtŇTlCl, 0.1097 mM, TlCl3, 1.053 mM, HCl+HClO4, 0.9952 MŒHCl, 0.9952 MŇH2, Pt PtŇTlCl, 0.1452 mM, TlCl3, 4.715 mM, HCl+HClO4, 0.9952 MŒHCl, 0.9952 MŇH2, Pt PtŇTlCl, 0.1806 mM, TlCl3, 1.886 mM, HCl+HClO4, 0.9952 MŒHCl, 0.9952 MŇH2, Pt PtŇTlCl, 0.01806 mM, TlCl3, 1.886 mM, HCl+HClO4, 0.9952 MŒHCl, 0.9952 MŇH2, Pt Potassium (K) KzHgŇKCl, 0.001 mŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg KzHgŇKCl, 0.01 mŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg KzHgŇKCl, 0.02 mŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg KzHgŇKCl, 0.05 mŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg KzHgŇKCl, 0.1 mŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg KzHgŇKCl, 0.2 mŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg KzHgŇKCl, 0.5 mŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg KzHgŇKCl, 1.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Kx=0.002559HgŇKCl, 0.10245 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0 °C

0.3218

24Col

0 °C

0.2702

24Col

0 °C

0.2426

24Col

0 °C

0.3481

24Col

18 °C

0.299

30Foe

18 °C

0.377

30Foe

18 °C

0.354

30Foe

18 °C

0.299

30Foe

18 °C

0.315

30Foe

18 °C

0.327

30Foe

18 °C

0.384

30Foe

18 °C

0.316

30Foe

18 °C

0.327

30Foe

18 °C

0.384 0.7593

30Foe 42Hug

0.7862

42Hug

0.8148

42Hug

0.8328

42Hug

0.8468

42Hug

0.8468

42Hug

2.3121 2.2784 2.2610 2.2414 2.2246 2.2080 2.1875 2.1818 2.2217

30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 34Arm Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Kx=0.002559HgŇKCl, 1.0168 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.002 m, AgIŇAgŇAgI, KI, 0.02 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.005 m, AgIŇAgŇAgI, KI, 0.05 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.01 m, AgIŇAgŇAgI, KI, 0.05 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.01 m, AgIŇAgŇAgI, KI, 0.12 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.02 m, AgIŇAgŇAgI, KI, 0.1 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.02 m, AgIŇAgŇAgI, KI, 0.2 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.05 m, AgIŇAgŇAgI, KI, 0.5 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.02 mŒKI, 0.002 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.05 mŒKI, 0.005 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.05 mŒKI, 0.01 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.1 mŒKI, 0.01 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.1 mŒKI, 0.02 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.2 mŒKI, 0.02 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.1wt%HgŇKI, 0.5 mŒKI, 0.05 mŇK0.1wt%Hg K0.2216wt%HgŇKOH, 0.2026 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Rubidium (Rb) RbzHgŇRbOH, 0.1 mŒRbCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg RbzHgŇRbOH, 0.1 m, RbCl, 0.1 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Silver (Ag) AgŇAg2SO4, K2SO4,sat.ŒK2SO4,sat., Hg2SO4ŇHg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.05 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.1 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.2 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.5 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 1.0 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 1.5 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 2.0 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 2.5 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 3.0 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 3.5 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 4.0 mŇKxHgŇKBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgCl, 1.43·10–4 M, KCl, 1.824 MŒKNO3,sat.ŒAgNO3, 0.01 MŇAg AgŇAgCl, 1.43·10–4 M, KCl, 2.968 MŒKNO3,sat.ŒAgNO3, 0.01 MŇAg AgŇAgCl, 1.43·10–4 M, KCl, 4.064 MŒKNO3,sat.ŒAgNO3, 0.01 MŇAg AgŇAgCl, 4.7006 mmŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.12341+2.48·10–4(T–25 °C)–0.56·10–6(T– 25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, 6.188 mmŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.11217+2.25·10–4(T–25 °C)–0.51·10–6(T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, 18.028 mmŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.06885+1.38·10–4(T–25 °C)–0.31·10–6(T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, 58.486 mmŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (UT [V]=0.02171+0.44·10–4(T–25 °C)–0.10·10–6(T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, 0.179939 mŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (–UT [V]=0.02351+0.48·10–4(T–25 °C)+0.10·10–6(T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, 0.55472 mŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (–UT [V]=0.07131+1.38·10–4(T–25 °C)+0.31·10–6(T–25 °C)2)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

115

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

2.0704 0.1155 0.1108 0.0762 0.1093 0.0765 0.1087 0.1082 0.0559 0.0549 0.0380 0.0552 0.0388 0.0551 0.0551 2.1891

34Arm 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 33Gel 12Lew

2.1805 2.1805

15Lew 15Lew

0.0407 0.0323 0.0 –0.0321 –0.0746 –0.1069 –0.1262 –0.1405 –0.1510 –0.1614 –0.1701 –0.1778 0.4591 0.5100 0.5385 0.12341

33Ish1 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 15For 15For 15For 39Har4

0.11217 39Har4 0.06885 39Har4 0.02171 39Har4 –0.02351 39Har4 –0.07131 39Har4

116

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) AgŇAgCl, 0.97192 mŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (–UT [V]=0.09787+1.78·10–4(T–25 °C)+0.41·10–6(T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, 1.69357 mŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (–UT [V]=0.12844+2.15·10–4(T–25 °C)+0.51·10–6(T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, 2.99000 mŒHCl, 0.100313 m, AgClŇAg (–UT [V]=0.16695+2.50·10–4(T–25 °C)+0.62·10–6(T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.05 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.1 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.2 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.5 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 1.0 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 1.5 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 2.0 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 2.5 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 3.0 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 3.5 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 4.0 mŇKxHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.01 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.01396 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.02801 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.03997 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.05629 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.08114 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.2026 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.4069 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 0.9996 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, CdBr2, 0.1 mŇCdBr2, 3.0815 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.001 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.01 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.1 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 0.2 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 0.5 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 1.0 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 2.0 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 2.5 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 3.0 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 3.5 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, LiBr, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiBr, 4.0 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 2.5 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 3.5 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1 mŇLixHgŇLiCl, 4.0 m, AgClŇAg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

–0.09787 39Har4 –0.12844 39Har4 –0.16695 39Har4

18 °C 18 °C 18 °C

0.0323 0.0 –0.0319 –0.0739 –0.1056 –0.1246 –0.1388 –0.1502 –0.1598 –0.1677 –0.1755 0.0229 0.0194 0.0119 0.00832 0.00508 0.00176 –0.00529 –0.00915 –0.0117 –0.0100 0.0342 0.0851 0.1414 0.00 0.0340 0.0803 0.1191 0.1657 0.1845 0.1998 0.2160 0.2324 0.00 0.0336 0.0790 0.1168 0.1624 0.1862 0.1958 0.2112 0.2250

29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 21Kol 21Kol 21Kol 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 0.1 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 0.2 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 0.5 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 1.0 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 1.5 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 2.0 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 2.5 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 3.0 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 3.5 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaBr, 4.0 m, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.03016 mŇBaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.1004 mŇBaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.2978 mŇBaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.9710 mŇBaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 1.521 mŇBaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 1.550 mŇBaxHgŇBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.01923 mŒBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.07971 mŒBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.1791 mŒBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.3927 mŒBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 0.8122 mŒBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, BaCl2, 1.715 mŒBaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.01547 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.02006 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.04966 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.08053 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.1612 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.3208 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.6162 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 1.013 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 2.586 mŒCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.03504 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.06294 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.1032 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.2066 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.3713 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.4655 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.6627 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 1.003 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 1.960 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 3.507 mŇCa0.02wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.0999 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.00992 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.0998 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.01051 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.1004 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.02594 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.0998 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.02758 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.0999 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.04113 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.0999 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.1263 m, AgClŇAg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

117

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 0.00 0.0327 0.0769 0.1118 0.1333 0.1507 0.1650 0.1775 0.1884 0.1987 0.0355 0.0742 0.1092 0.1532 0.1718 0.1771 0.0093 0.0185 0.0280 0.0394 0.0491 0.0600 0.0060 0.0097 0.0220 0.0284 0.0368 0.0460 0.0549 0.0676 0.0836 0.0411 0.0606 0.0772 0.1014 0.1235 0.1335 0.1543 0.1773 0.2313 0.3005 0.0761 0.0742 0.0439 0.0412 0.0289 –0.0078

Ref. 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 25Luc 30Sca1 30Sca1 30Sca1 30Sca1 30Sca1 30Sca1

118 Cell composition 2)

2 Cell voltages T [K, °C] U0 [V]

AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.1003 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.4420 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.0997 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.6589 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CaCl2, 0.1006 mŇCaxHgŇCaCl2, 0.9301 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 0.0101 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 0.02015 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 0.03030 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 0.05056 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 0.08145 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 0.2014 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 0.5101 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 0.9999 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 4.227 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CdCl2, 0.1 mŇCdCl2, 6.146 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CsCl, 0.05 mŇCsxHgŇCsCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CsCl, 0.1 mŇCsxHgŇCsCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CsCl, 0.2 mŇCsxHgŇCsCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CsCl, 0.5 mŇCsxHgŇCsCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CsCl, 1.0 mŇCsxHgŇCsCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CsCl, 2.0 mŇCsxHgŇCsCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, CsCl, 3.0 mŇCsxHgŇCsCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgClŇNaCl, 0.01<m<0.1ŒKCl,sat., NaN3, 0.01<m<0.1ŇAgN3ŇAg 278 K 288 K 298 K 308 K 318 K AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 0.1 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 0.2 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 1.5 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 2.0 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 2.5 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 3.0 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 3.5 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 mŇNaxHgŇNaCl, 4.0 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0953 mŇNazHgŇNaOH, 0.9174 m, NaCl, 0.0826 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0953 mŇNazHgŇNaOH, 0.5702 m, NaCl, 0.4298 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0953 mŇNazHgŇNaOH, 0.1854 m, NaCl, 0.8146 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0953 mŇNazHgŇNaOH, 0.1032 m, NaCl, 0.8968 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0953 mŇNazHgŇNaOH, 0.00 m, NaCl, 1.0 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0953 mŇNazHgŇNaOH, 0.2218 m, NaCl, 0.2782 m, AgClŇAg

Ref.

–0.0558 –0.0768 –0.0962 0.0265 0.0177 0.0129 0.00729 0.00214 –0.00697 –0.0152 –0.0203 –0.0274 –0.0265 –0.03201 0.0 0.0311 0.0711 0.1013 0.1323 0.1502 0.0620 0.0657 0.0695 0.0733 0.0772 0.00 0.0324 0.0756 0.1095 0.1303 0.1462 0.1592 0.1703 0.1818 0.1907 0.0469

30Sca1 30Sca1 30Sca1 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 29Luc2 30Har1 30Har1 30Har1 30Har1 30Har1 30Har1 30Har1 38Tay 38Tay 38Tay 38Tay 38Tay 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 29Har2 37Har3

0.0898

37Har3

0.1064

37Har3

0.1094

37Har3

0.1120

37Har3

0.0628

37Har3

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2)

119

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0953 mŇNazHgŇNaOH, 0.0885 m, NaCl, 0.4115 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0953 mŇNazHgŇNaOH, 0.00 m, NaCl, 0.5 m, AgClŇAg AgŇAgI, KI, 0.005 mŒKCl, 0.005 mŇAg AgŇAgI, KI, 0.05 mŒKCl, 0.05 mŇAg AgŇAgI, KI, 0.50 mŒKCl, 0.50 mŇAg AgŇAgI, KI, 1.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 mŇAg AgŇKAg(CN)2, 0.0005 M, KCN, 0.02 MŒKCN, 0.01 M, KAg(CN)2, 0.0005 MŇAg AgŇKAg(CN)2, 0.005 M, KCN, 0.2 MŒKCN, 0.1 M, KAg(CN)2, 0.0005 MŇAg AgŇKAg(CN)2, 0.005 M, KCN, 0.1 MŒKCN, 0.1 M, KAg(CN)2, 0.00125 MŇAg AgŇKAg(CN)2, 0.05 M, KCN, 1.0 MŒKCN, 1.0 M, KAg(CN)2, 0.0125 MŇAg 278 K AgŇAg2SŇHCl, 0.5 M, H2S,sat., 1 atmŒHCl, 0.5 MŇH2, Pt 283 K 298 K 308 K AgŇKAg(CN)2, 0.05 M, KCN, 1.0 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇKAg(CN)2, 3.44 mM, KCN, 5.51 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇKAg(CN)2, 4.86 mM, KCN, 3.89 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇKAg(CN)2, 9.78 mM, KCN, 14.1 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgBr, HBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 3.82·10–5 M, Pt AgŇAgBr, HBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 2.28·10–4 M, Pt AgŇAgBr, HBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.00186 M, Pt AgŇAgBr, HBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.00645 M, Pt AgŇAgBr, HBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.0192 M, Pt AgŇAgBr, HBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.106 M, Pt AgŇAgBr, HBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŒHBr, 0.1 MŇBr2, 0.214 M, Pt AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.009995 MŒKBr, 0.009995 MŒBr2, a=4.815·10–3, PtIr AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.019999 MŒKBr, 0.009995 MŒBr2, a=4.819·10–3, PtIr AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.050480 MŒKBr, 0.009995 MŒBr2, a=6.159·10–3, PtIr AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.10095 MŒKBr, 0.009995 MŒBr2, a=4.927·10–3, PtIr AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.20193 MŒKBr, 0.009995 MŒBr2, a=11.823·10–3, PtIr AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.5003 MŒKBr, 0.009995 MŒBr2, a=10.355·10–3, PtIr AgŇAgBr, KBr, 1.007 MŒKBr, 0.009995 MŒBr2, a=1.801·10–3, PtIr AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.9996 MŒKBr, 0.009995 MŒBr2, a=7.533·10–3, PtIr AgŇAgClŇHCl, 0.01 m, quinhydroneŇPt 0.18 °C 283 K 288 K 293 K 298 K 303K 308 K

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

0.0733

37Har3

0.0744 0.3724 0.3728 0.3724 0.3723 0.0344

37Har3 37Can1 37Can1 37Can1 37Can1 04Bod

0.0431

04Bod

–0.0351

04Bod

–0.0375

04Bod

0.03805 0.03767 0.03658 0.0357 0.894 1.1542

20Noy 20Noy 20Noy 20Noy 04Bod 32Bri

1.1302

32Bri

1.0634

32Bri

0.860 0.881 0.909 0.925 0.941 0.980 1.007 0.9468 0.9471 0.9471 0.9471 0.9471 0.9471 0.9471 0.9471 0.2599 0.2498 0.2449 0.2401 0.2355 0.2310 0.2267

99Lut 99Lut 99Lut 99Lut 99Lut 99Lut 99Lut 34Jon 34Jon 34Jon 34Jon 34Jon 34Jon 34Jon 34Jon 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2 33Har2

120

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) AgŇAgClŇHCl, 0.1 MŇHg2Cl2ŇHg

AgŇAgClŇHCl, 0.5 MŇHg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgClŇHCl, 1 MŇHg2Cl2ŇHg

AgŇAgCl, MgCl2, 0.0227 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgCl, MgCl2, 0.0399 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgCl, MgCl2, 0.0875 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgCl, MgCl2, 0.202 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgCl, MgCl2, 0.386 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgCl, MgCl2, 0.968 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgCl, MgCl2, 2.175 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgCl, MgCl2, 4.217 mŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgI, ZnI2, 0.01075 mŒZnI2, 0.01075 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

AgŇAgI, ZnI2, 0.01474 mŒZnI2, 0.01075 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

AgŇAgI, ZnI2, 0.01801 mŒZnI2, 0.01075 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

AgŇAgI, ZnI2, 0.03373 mŒZnI2, 0.01075 m, Hg2I2ŇHg AgŇAgI, ZnI2, 0.06068 mŒZnI2, 0.01075 m, Hg2I2ŇHg

AgŇAg2OŇKOHŇHgOŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 313 K 293 K 328 K 333 K 373 K 397 K 413 K 448 K 468 K 538 K 293 K 293 K 344 K 383 K 433 K 493 K 533 K

15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 25 °C 30 °C 15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 35 °C 298 K

0.2225 0.041 0.055 0.058 0.058 0.078 0.103 0.138 0.098 0.264 0.041 0.041 0.058 0.065 0.088 0.110 0.130 0.021 0.0335 0.0500 0.0675 0.0805 0.1025 0.118 0.147 0.1076 0.1091 0.1106 0.1122 0.1139 0.1081 0.1096 0.1112 0.1127 0.1144 0.1086 0.1102 0.1117 0.1134 0.1150 0.1125 0.1141 0.1117 0.1132 0.1147 0.1163 0.1179 0.2440

Ref. 33Har2 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 55Lie 28Jon 28Jon 28Jon 28Jon 28Jon 28Jon 28Jon 28Jon 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 39Vos 57Ham Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.00262 m, D-mannitol, 0.10 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.00528 m, D-mannitol, 0.10 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01056 m, D-mannitol, 0.10 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01580 m, D-mannitol, 0.10 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.02109 m, D-mannitol, 0.10 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01055 m, D-mannitol, 0.0 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01055 m, D-mannitol, 0.1012 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01055 m, D-mannitol, 0.2897 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01055 m, D-mannitol, 0.5609 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01055 m, D-mannitol, 0.7313 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.023455 m, D-mannitol, 0.0 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.023455 m, D-mannitol, 0.0990 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.023455 m, D-mannitol, 0.2899 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.023455 m, D-mannitol, 0.5604 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.023455 m, D-mannitol, 0.7304m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.0 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01090 m, D-mannitol, 0.20698 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02339 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01083 m, D-mannitol, 0.15708 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02324 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01076m, D-mannitol, 0.1002 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02339 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01069 m, D-mannitol, 0.05009 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02294 mŇPbsat.Hg AgŇAgCl, PbCl2, 0.01063 m, D-mannitol, 0.00 m, Ba(NO3)2, 0.02281 mŇPbsat.Hg Sodium (Na) Na0.2065wt%HgŇNaOH, 0.2 mŒNaCl, 0.2 mŒKCl, 0.2 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Na0.551wt%HgŇNaOHŇNa0.1815wt%Hg Na0.1978wt%HgŇNaOHŇNa0.0396wt%Hg Na0.0396wt%HgŇNaOHŇNa0.0197wt%Hg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.001 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.01 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.02 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.05 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.1 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.2 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.5 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaCl, 1.0 mŒKCl, 1.0 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Sulfur (S) PtŇS,sat., Na2S, 0.00781 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇS,sat., Na2S, 0.125 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg PtŇS,sat., Na2S, 2.0 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

121

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

0.5659 0.5419 0.5197 0.5096 0.5013 0.5200 0.5205 0.5217 0.5254 0.5270 0.4972 0.4983

38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro 38Cro

0.5000

38Cro

0.50224 38Cro 0.5047

38Cro

0.5269

38Cro

0.5266

38Cro

0.5261

38Cro

0.5258

38Cro

0.5256

38Cro

2.1749

10Lew

0.0565 0.0531 0.0194 2.2967 2.2665 2.2556 2.2296 2.2147 2.1956 2.1750 2.1531

22Ric 22Ric 22Ric 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir 30Bir

0.5523 0.5836 0.6211

02Küs 02Küs 02Küs

122

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) Thallium (Tl) TlŇTlCl,sol., TlCl.sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg (UT [V]=0.8230–0.32·10–3(T–20 °C)) TlŇTlCl, 0.002 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg TlŇTlCl, 0.005 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg TlŇTlCl, 0.01 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg TlŇTlNO3, 0.002 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg TlŇTlNO3, 0.01 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg TlŇTlNO3, 0.1 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg TlŇTl2SO4, 0.005 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg TlŇTl2SO4, 0.0125 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg TlŇTl2SO4, 0.025 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg TlŇTl2SO4, 0.05 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Tlsat.HgŇTlBr,sol., TlBr,sat., Hg2Br2ŇHg (UT [V]=0.7920–0.00023(T–20 °C)) Tlsat.HgŇTlBr,sol., KBr, 0.1 MŒKBr, 0.1 M, Hg2Br2ŇHg Tlsat.HgŇTlI,sol., TlI,sat., Hg2I2ŇHg (UT [V]=0.7572–0.00023(T–20 °C)) Tl5wt%HgŇTlCl, 0.0005 m, AgClŇAg Tl5wt%HgŇTlCl, 0.001 m, AgClŇAg Tl5wt%HgŇTlCl, 0.002 m, AgClŇAg Tl5wt%HgŇTlCl, 0.004 m, AgClŇAg Tl5wt%HgŇTlCl, 0.006 m, AgClŇAg Tl5wt%HgŇTlCl, 0.008 m, AgClŇAg Tl5wt%HgŇTlCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg Tlsat.HgŇTlNO3, 0.433 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Tlsat.HgŇTlNO3, 0.0183 MŒTlNO3, 0.0107 MŇTlxHg Tlsat.HgŇTlNO3, 0.0568 MŒTlNO3, 0.0107 MŇTlxHg Tlsat.HgŇTlNO3, 0.1530 MŒTlNO3, 0.0107 MŇTlxHg Tlsat.HgŇTl2SO4, 0.1101 MŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Tl5wt%HgŇTlCl, AgClŇTl TlŇTl2SO4ŇTl49.48wt%Hg Tl49.42wt%HgŇTl2SO4ŇTl34.03wt%Hg Tl34.03wt%HgŇTl2SO4ŇTl27.36wt%Hg Tl27.36wt%HgŇTl2SO4ŇTl20.97wt%Hg Tl20.78wt%.HgŇTl2SO4ŇTl10.02wt%Hg Tl10.02wt%HgŇTl2SO4ŇTl4.930wt%Hg Tl4.935wt%HgŇTl2SO4ŇTl3.788wt%Hg Tl3.788wt%HgŇTl2SO4ŇTl1.704wt%Hg Tl1.704wt%HgŇTl2SO4ŇTl0.3315wt%Hg Tin (Sn) SnŇSnCl2, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.01 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl2, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.1 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl2, 0.01 M, HCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

20 °C

0.8230

34Öho

17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 17 °C 14.9 °C 25 °C 14.9 °C 25 °C 14.9 °C 25 °C 14.9 °C 25 °C 20 °C

0.813 0.788 0.773 0.813 0.775 0.724 1.1198 1.1310 1.0967 1.1065 1.0768 1.0885 1.0609 1.0690 0.7920

09Bri 09Bri 09Bri 09Bri 09Bri 09Bri 34Öho 34Öho 34Öho 34Öho 34Öho 34Öho 34Öho 34Öho 34Öho

20 °C

0.7945 0.7572

33Ish5 34Öho

17 °C 17 °C 17 °C

24.5 °C 24.5 °C 24.5 °C

0.8307 34Cow 0.7956 34Cow 0.7609 34Cow 0.7266 34Cow 0.7068 34Cow 0.6929 34Cow 0.6821 34Cow 0.7105 05Abe 0.0099 21Dru 0.0325 21Dru 0.0536 21Dru 0.7330 05Abe 0.1196 34Cow 0.0025 19Ric 0.00852 19Ric 0.00868 19Ric 0.01157 19Ric 0.03377 19Ric 0.002948 19Ric 0.00976 19Ric 0.0264 19Ric 0.04555 19Ric 0.4645 0.4770 0.5194

28Pry 28Pry 28Pry Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) SnŇSnCl2, 0.1 M, HCl, 1.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl2, 0.092 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl2, 0.897 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.0109 M, KCl, 0.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.0109 M, KCl, 0.25 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.0109 M, KCl, 0.5 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.0109 M, KCl, 1.149 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.0109 M, KCl, 1.445 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.02 M, KCl, 0.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.12 M, KCl, 0.12 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.43 M, KCl, 0.43MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 1.03 M, KCl, 1.03 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.5 M, KCl, 0.0 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.5 M, KCl, 1.11 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 0.5 M, KCl, 2.46 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnCl4, 0.01 M, HCl, 1.48 M, KCl, 1.48 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSn(NO3)2, 0.05 MŒKNO3, 0.5 MŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSn(ClO4)4, 0.02 M, HClO4, 0.5 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSn(ClO4)4, 0.05 M, HClO4, 0.5 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSn(ClO4)4, 0.1 M, HClO4, 0.876 MŒKCl, 3.5 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnSO4, 0.010 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnSO4, 0.492 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg SnŇSnSO4, 0.096 M, H2SO4, 0.5 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg SnŇSnSO4, 0.0105 M, H2SO4, 0.5 MŒNH4NO3,sat.ŒH2SO4, 0.5 M, Hg2SO4ŇHg Zinc (Zn) ZnŇZnO, Ba(OH)2, 0.1<m<0.2ŇH2, Pt ZnŇK2(CN)4, 9.09 mM, KCN, 3.74 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇK2(CN)4, 9.09 mM, KCN, 17.11 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇK2(CN)4, 7.41 mM, KCN, 25.08 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇK2(CN)4, 4.76 mM, KCN, 27.86 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇK2(CN)4, 2.91 mM, KCN, 36.17 mMŒKNO3,sat.ŒKCl, 1.0 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZnCl2, 0.005 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZnCl2, 0.01 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZnCl2, 0.0199 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZnCl2, 0.05003 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZnCl2, 0.10019 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZnCl2, 0.25148 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZnCl2, 0.50786 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZnCl2, 1.0375 m, Hg2Cl2ŇHg ZnŇZn(OH)2,sol., NaOH, 1.0 MŒNaOH, 1.0 M, HgOŇHg ZnŇZnSO4, 0.005 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

123

T [K, °C] U0 [V] 24.5 °C 18.5 °C 18.5 °C

Ref.

18 °C 18 °C 18 °C

0.4892 0.480 0.471 0.5000 0.5021 0.5300 0.5518 0.5562 0.5091 0.5231 0.5441 0.5671 0.5331 0.5599 0.5831 0.5837 0.440 0.5026 0.5011 0.5007 0.494 0.473 0.887

28Pry 11För 11För 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 03Sac 34Pry 34Pry 34Pry 11För 11För 11För

18 °C

0.913

11För

44.9 °C 12.5 °C

0.4198 1.344

26Mai 32Bri

12.5 °C

1.429

32Bri

12.5 °C

1.410

32Bri

12.5 °C

1.434

32Bri

12.5 °C

1.437

32Bri

22 °C

1.2244 1.2035 1.1800 1.1474 1.1308 1.1009 1.0782 1.0568 1.344 1.163

31Get1 31Get1 31Get1 31Get1 31Get1 31Get1 31Get1 31Get1 27Die 21Moo

124

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) ZnŇZnSO4, 0.05 MŒKCl,sat.ŒKCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Zn10wt%HgŇZn(OH)2, 0.2 M, KOH, 4.2 MŒKOH, 4.2 MŇH2, Pt Zn10wt%HgŇZnBr2,sat., Hg2Br2ŇHg

Zn10wt%HgŇZnCl2,sat., Hg2Cl2ŇHg

Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.00963 m, AgClŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.0304 m, AgClŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.1011 m, AgClŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.1444 m, AgClŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.3590 m, AgClŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.5285 m, AgClŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 1.202 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.002941 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.00781 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.01236 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.02144 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.04242 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.9048 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.2111 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.4499 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 0.6404 m, AgClŇAg Znsat.HgŇZnCl2, 1.480 m, AgClŇAg ZnzHgŇZnCl2, 0.000625 mŒZnCl2, 0.00125 mŇZnzHg ZnzHgŇZnCl2, 0.00125 mŒZnCl2, 0.0025 mŇZnzHg ZnzHgŇZnCl2, 0.0025 mŒZnCl2, 0.005 mŇZnzHg ZnzHgŇZnCl2, 0.005 mŒZnCl2, 0.01 mŇZnzHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŇZnHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 0.5 mŇZnHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 1.0 mŇZnHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 1.5 mŇZnHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 2.0 mŇZnHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 2.5 mŇZnHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 3.0 mŇZnHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 3.5 mŇZnHg ZnHgŇZn(ClO4)2, 0.1 mŒZn(ClO4)2, 4.0 mŇZnHg Znsat.HgŇZnI2, 0.3 mŒZnI2, 0.05 mŇZnsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnI2, 0.3 mŒZnI2, 0.1 mŇZnsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnI2, 0.3 mŒZnI2, 0.3 mŇZnsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnI2, 0.3 mŒZnI2, 1.0 mŇZnsat.Hg

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

22 °C

1.138 21Moo 0.424 07Fau 20 °C 0.6896 32Ish1 25 °C 0.6874 32Ish1 30 °C 0.6850 32Ish1 35 °C 0.6826 32Ish1 37.5 °C 0.6830 32Ish1 40 °C 0.6833 32Ish1 45 °C 0.6840 32Ish1 25 °C 0.8231 33Ish1 30 °C 0.8238 33Ish1 35 °C 0.8244 33Ish1 40 °C 0.8251 33Ish1 42.5 °C 0.8255 33Ish1 15 °C 1.1568 32Ham 15 °C 1.1180 32Ham 15 °C 1.0799 32Ham 15 °C 1.0678 32Ham 15 °C 1.0387 32Ham 15 °C 1.0262 32Ham 15 °C 1.0007 32Ham 1.1983 30Sca2 1.1650 30Sca2 1.1495 30Sca2 1.1310 30Sca2 1.1090 30Sca2 1.0844 30Sca2 1.0566 30Sca2 1.0328 30Sca2 1.0221 30Sca2 0.9978 30Sca2 30 °C 0.000638 32Mas2 30 °C 0.000655 32Mas2 30 °C 0.000615 32Mas2 30 °C 0.00060 32Mas2 0.0000 46Sto1 0.0400 46Sto1 0.0673 46Sto1 0.0909 46Sto1 0.1139 46Sto1 0.1372 46Sto1 0.1604 46Sto1 0.1836 46Sto1 0.2068 46Sto1 0.0418 46Sto2 0.0269 46Sto2 0.0 46Sto2 –0.0409 46Sto2 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) Znsat.HgŇZnI2, 0.3 mŒZnI2, 2.5 mŇZnsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnI2, 0.3 mŒZnI2, 5.0 mŇZnsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnI2, 0.3 mŒZnI2, 10.0 mŇZnsat.Hg Zn10wt%HgŇZnSO4*6 H2O,sol., ZnSO4,sat., Hg2SO4ŇHg Zn10wt%HgŇZnSO4*6 H2O,sol., ZnSO4,sat., Hg2SO4ŇHg Zn10wt%HgŇZnSO4*7 H2O,sol., ZnSO4,sat., Hg2SO4ŇHg Zn10wt%HgŇZnSO4*7 H2O,sol., ZnSO4,sat., Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.0008558 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.0020793 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.0039726 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.010109 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.04413 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.06099 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.10539 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.23255 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.46574 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 1.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 2.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 3.0 m, Hg2SO4ŇHg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.0005 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.001 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.002 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.005 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.01 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.02 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.05 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.0512 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg

Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.150 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg

Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 0.510 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg

Znsat.HgŇZnSO4, 1.501 m, Pb2SO4,sat.ŇPbsat.Hg

1

125

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

35 °C 35 °C

15 °C 25 °C 35 °C 15 °C 25 °C 35 °C 15 °C 25 °C 35 °C 15 °C 25 °C 35 °C

–0.0769 –0.1168 –0.2143 1.4137 1.4046 1.4197 1.4062 1.5331 1.5281 1.5233 1.5137 1.4930 1.4897 1.4830 1.4729 1.4655 1.4560 1.4438 1.4305 0.6114 0.5971 0.5832 0.5660 0.5535 0.5425 0.5287 0.5343 0.5283 0.5222 0.5196 0.5135 0.5074 0.5055 0.4992 0.4929 0.4920 0.4850 0.4780

Ref. 46Sto2 46Sto2 46Sto2 11Coh 11Coh 11Coh 11Coh 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 32Mas3 31Cow 31Cow 31Cow 31Cow 31Cow 31Cow 31Cow 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie 36Kie

) Description of the cell composition is based on the Stockholm convention (1953). All data refer to room temperature RT (T = 298 K) if not stated otherwise. 2 ) Metal leads (e.g. platinum contacts) used solely as electrical connector and being identical at both cell terminals are not always explicitly mentioned. 3 ) Cell voltage in international Volt; in absolute Volt U = 1.01865 V. 4 ) If not stated otherwise hydrogen is present at standard pressure. 5 ) Saturated. 6 ) Most frequently platinum is used as electronically conducting phase of the hydrogen electrode, thus it is mentioned only when explicitly stated also in the original report. 7 ) Cell voltage with negative terminal at right-hand side of cell description (for details see introduction). Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 98Pet 99Dol 99Lut 00Tow 02Fre 02Küs 03Con 03Ing 03Obe 03Sac 04Bod 04Lab 04Ner 04Thi 05Abe 05Lut1 05Lut2 05Spi 06Faw 06Zed 07Cam 07Fau 07Ric 08Brö 08Lau 08Lut 09Bri 09Pom 09Sch 10Brö 10Fed 10Lew 10Ric 10Sch1 10Ste 11Coh 11För 11Lew 12Dru 12Lew 12Noy 13Lew 15For 15Lew 16Lin 17For 17Lew1 17Lew2 17Lew3 17Lin

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Peters, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. 26 (1898) 193. Dolezalek, F.: Z. Elektrochem. 6 (1899) 517. Luther, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. 30 (1899) 647. Tower, O.F.: Z. Phys. Chem. 32 (1900) 566. Fredenhagen, C.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 29 (1902) 396. Küster, F.W., Hommel, W.: Z. Elektrochem. 8 (1902) 496. Conrad, W.: Dissertation Universität Göttingen, 1903. Inglis, J.K.H.: Z. Elektrochem. 9 (1903) 226. Oberer, E.: Dissertation ETH Zürich, 1903. Sackur, O.: Arb. Gesund. 20 (1903) 539. Bodländer, G., Eberlein, W.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 39 (1904) 197. Labendzinski, S., Abegg, R.: Z. Elektrochem. 10 (1904) 77. Nernst, W., Sand, J.: Z. Phys. Chem. 48 (1904) 601. Thiel, A.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 39 (1904) 333. Abegg, R., Spencer, J.F.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 46 (1905) 406. Luther, R., Sammet, V.: Z. Elektrochem. 11 (1905) 293. Luther, R., Sammet, V.: Z. Phys. Chem. 53 (1905) 645. Spiker, F.: Z. Elektrochem. 11 (1905) 345. Fawsitt, C.E.: J. Chem. Ind. 25 (1906) 1133. Zedner, J.: Z. Elektrochem. 12 (1906) 463. Campbell, F.H.: Chem. News J. Ind. Sci. 96 (1907) 15. Faust, O.: Z. Elektrochem. 13 (1907) 161. Richards, T.W., Behr, G.E.: Z. Phys. Chem. 58 (1907) 301. Brönsted, J.N.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 65 (1908) 84. Laurie, A.P.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 64 (1908) 615. Luther, R., Michie, A.C.: Z. Elektrochem. 14 (1908) 826. Brisle, F.J.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 4 (1909) 159. Poma, G.: Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei 181 (1909) 192. Schweitzer, A.: Z. Elektrochem. 15 (1909) 607. Brönsted, J.N.: Z. Phys. Chem. 68 (1910) 703. Fedotiew, P.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 69 (1910) 35. Lewis, G.N., Kraus, Ch.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 32 (1910) 1459. Richards, T.W., Wilson, J.H.: Z. Phys. Chem. 72 (1910) 129. Schaper, C.: Z. Phys. Chem. 72 (1910) 308. Stegmüller, P.: Z. Elektrochem. 16 (1910) 90. Cohen, E., Inouye, K., Euwen, C.: Z. Phys. Chem. 75 (1911) 1. Förster, F., Yamasaki, J.: Z. Elektrochem. 17 (1911) 361. Lewis, G.N., Rupert, F.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 33 (1911) 299. Drucker, C.: Z. Elektrochem. 18 (1912) 236. Lewis, G.N., Keyes, F.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 34 (1912) 119. Noyes, A.A., Brann, B.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 34 (1912) 1023. Lewis, G.N., Keyes, F.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35 (1913) 340. Forbes, G.S., Anderegg, F.O.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 37 (1915) 1676. Lewis, G.N., Argo, W.L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 37 (1915) 1983. Linhart, G.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38 (1916) 2356 Forbes, G.S., Richter, H.W. : J. Am. Chem. Soc. 39 (1917) 1140. Lewis, G.N., Storch, H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 39 (1917) 2544. Lewis, G.N., Brighton, T.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 39 (1917) 2245. Lewis, G.N., Brighton, T.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 39 (1917) 1906. Linhart, G.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 39 (1917) 2601.

R2 18Hen 18Noy 18Oba 19Hof 19Ric 19Öho 20Lam 20Noy 21Dru 21Kol 21Moo 22App 22Ger 22Har 22Jel 22Keo 22Men 22Ric 24Col 24Dru 24Hai 24Ric 24Sch1 24Sch2 24Sch3 24Wyn 25For 25Luc 25Wil 26Ake 26Bro 26Dru1 26Fri 26Gru 26Mai 26Roy 26Vos 27Bod 27Bre 27Die 27Erd 27Ger 27Gru 27Ish 28Get1 28Get2 28Har1 28Har2 28Jon 28Kie 28Mur 28Pry 28Vos

Henderson, W.E., Stegeman, G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 40 (1918) 84. Noyes, A.A., Chow, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 40 (1918) 739. Obata, J.: Proc. Tokyo Math. Phys. Soc. 9 (1918) 416; see also: Proc. Phys. Math. Soc. Jpn. 2 (1920) 3; 3 (1921) 136. Hofmann, K.A., Wurthmann, B.: Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 52 (1919) 1185. Richards, T.W., Daniels, F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 41 (1919) 1732. Öholm, L.W.: Medd. K. Vetenskapsakad. Nobelinst. 5 (1919) 41. Lamp, A.B., Larson, A.T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 42 (1920) 2024. Noyes, A.A., Freed, E.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 42 (1920) 476. Drucker, C.: Z. Phys. Chem. 96 (1921) 381. Kolthoff, J.M.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 119 (1921) 202. Moore, W.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 43 (1921) 81. Applebey, M.P., Reid, R.D.: J. Chem. Soc. 121 (1922) 2129. Gerke, R.H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 44 (1922) 1684. Harned, H.S., Brumbaugh, N.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 44 (1922) 2729. Jellinek, K., Czerwinski, J.: Z. Phys. Chem. 102 (1922) 438. McKeown, A.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 17 (1922) 517. Menzel, H.: Z. Phys. Chem. 100 (1922) 276. Richards, Th.W., Conant, J.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 44 (1922) 601. Collenberg, O.: Z. Phys. Chem. 109 (1924) 353. Drucker, C., Riethof, G.: Z. Phys. Chem. 111 (1924) 1. Hainsworth, W.R., Rowley, H.J., McInnes, D.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 46 (1924) 1437. Richards, Th.W., Richards, W.T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 46 (1924) 89. Schuhmann, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 46 (1924) 52. Schuhmann, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 46 (1924) 58; 1444. Schmid, A.: Helv. Chim. Acta 7 (1924) 370. Wynne-Jones, W.F.K., Hudlestone, H.: J. Chem. Soc. 125 (1924) 1031. Forbes, G.S., Glass, S.W., Fuoss, R.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 47 (1925) 2892. Lucasse, W.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 47 (1925) 743. Wilke, E., Kieninger, O.: Z. Phys. Chem. 116 (1925) 215. Akerlöf, G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48 (1926) 1160; 1169. Brown, D.J., Tefft, R.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48 (1926) 1128. Drucker, C., Luft, F.: Z. Phys. Chem. 121 (1926) 307. Fried, F.: Z. Phys. Chem. 123 (1926) 406. Grube, G., Schlecht, L.: Z. Elektrochem. 32 (1926) 178. Maier, Ch.G., Parks, G.S., Anderson, C.Fr.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48 (1926) 2564. Royce, H.D., Kahlenberg, L.: Trans. Am. Electrochem. Soc. 50 (1926) 281. Vosburgh, W.C.: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 12 (1926) 511. Bodfors, P.: Z. Phys. Chem. 130 (1927) 82. Brester, A.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 46 (1927) 328. Dietrich, H.G., Johnston, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 49 (1927) 1419. Erdey-Gruz, T.: Z. Phys. Chem. 131 (1927) 81. Gerke, R.H., Rourke, M.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 49 (1927) 1855. Grube, G., Breitinger, G.: Z. Elektrochem. 33 (1927) 112. Ishikawa, F., Kimura, G.: Chem. Inst. Dept. Kyoto Imp. Univ. (1927) 255. Getmann, F.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 32 (1928) 940. Getmann, F.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 32 (1928) 91. Harned, H.S., Robinson, R.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50 (1928) 3157. Harned, H.S., McHarris jr., J.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50 (1928) 2633. Jones, G., Kaplan, B.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50 (1928) 1845; 2066. Kiehl, S.J., Hart, D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50 (1928) 1845; 2337. Murata, K.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 3 (1928) 57. Prytz, M.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 172 (1928) 142. Vosburgh, W.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50 (1928) 2386. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R3 28Yos 29Bje 29Car 29Fos 29Har2 29Isg 29Ish 29Luc1 29Luc2 29Mül1 29Mül2 29Nim 30Bir 30Foe 30Get 30Hak 30Har1 30Har2 30Pri 30Sca1 30Sca2 30Smi 30Ter 31Cow 31Get1 31Get2 31Har1 31Har2 31Kun 31LaM 31Lar 31Lun 31McB 31Mur 31Pop 31Sho 32Bri 32Can 32Car 32Ham 32Har1 32Har2 32Har3 32Has 32Haw 32Ish1 32Ish2 32Mas1 32Mas2 32Mas3 32Spe1 32Spe2 32Wil 33All Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Yoshida, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. 1 17 (1928) 1279. Bjerrum, N., Unmack, A.: K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Mat. Fys. Medd. 9 (1929) 5-206. Carmody, W.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51 (1929) 2901; 2905; 5908. Fosbinder, R.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51 (1929) 1345. Harned, H.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51 (1929) 416. Isgarischew, N., Turkowskaja, A.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 140 (1929) 227. Ishikawa, F., Shibata, E.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. 1 18 (1929) 109. Lucasse, W.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51 (1929) 2597. Lucasse, W.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51 (1929) 2605. Müller, R., Kreiner, F., Schmidt, H.J.: Monatsh. Chem. 53 (1929) 215. Müller, R., Schmidt, H.J.: Monatsh. Chem. 53 (1929) 224. Nims, L.F., Bonner, W.D.: J. Phys. Chem. 33 (1929) 586. Bird, E.W., Hixon, R.M.: J. Phys. Chem. 34 (1930) 1412. Foerster, F., Böttcher, F.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 151 (1930) 321. Getmann, F.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 34 (1930) 454. Hakomori, S.I.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 2373. Harned, H.S., Schupp, O.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 3886. Harned, H.S., Schupp, O.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 3892. Priepke, R.J., Vosburg, W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 4831. Scatchard, G., Tefft, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 2265. Scatchard, G., Tefft, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 2272. Smith, E.R.: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 5 (1930) 735. Terry, H., Baker, H.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 2583. Cowperthwaite, J.A., La Mer, V.K.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 4333. Getmann, F.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 35 (1931) 2749. Getmann, F.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 35 (1931) 588. Harned, H.S., Murphy, G.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 8. Harned, H.S., Mason, C.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 3377. Kunz, A.H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 98. La Mer, V.K., Parks, W.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 2040. Larsson, E., Adell, B.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 156 (1931) 352. Lundberg, W.O., Vestling, C.S., Ahlberg, J.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 352. McBain, J.W., van Rysselberghe, P.J., Squance, W.A.: J. Phys. Chem. 35 (1931) 999. Murray, E.N., Acree, S.F.: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 7 (1931) 713. Popoff, S., Riddick, J.A., Wirth, V.J., Ough, L.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 1195. Show-Chow-Woo: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 469. Britton, H.T.S., Dodd, E.N.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 1940. Cann, J.Y., Sumner, R.A.: J. Phys. Chem. 36 (1932) 2615. Carter, S.R., Glover, T.J.: J. Phys. Chem. 36 (1932) 679. Hamilton, R.T., Butler, J.A.V.: Proc. R. Soc. London 138 (1932) 450. Harned, H.S., Ehlers, R.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 1350. Harned, H.S., Mason, C.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 1439. Harned, H.S., Mason, C.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 3112. Hass, K., Jellinek, K.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 162 (1932) 153. Hawkins, J.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 4480. Ishikawa, F., Yoshida, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 21 (1932) 474. Ishikawa, F., Shibata, E.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 21 (1932) 499. Masaki, K., Ikkatai, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 7 (1932) 233. Masaki, K., Ikkatai, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 7 (1932) 35. Masaki, K., Ikkatai, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 7 (1932) 238. Spencer, H.M., Selden, R.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 4504. Spencer, H.M., Mote, J.H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 4618. Wilke, E., Martin, W.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 160 (1932) 39. Allmand, A.J., Burrage, L.J.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 29 (1933) 692.

R4 33Bat 33Fli 33Gel 33Get 33Har1 33Har2 33Har3 33Har4 33Har5 33Har6 33Har7 33Ish1 33Ish2 33Ish3 33Ish4 33Ish5 33LaM 33Mac 33Mur 33Nim 33Oku 33Ued1 33Ued2 33Van1 33Van2 34Arm 34Car 34Cow 34Cro 34Ham 34Har2 34Har3 34Har4 34Hoy 34Ish1 34Jon 34Mas 34Owe 34Par 34Pry 34Sch 34Shr2 34Tip 34Öho 35Bra 35Ham2 35Har 35Hov 35Kri 35Owe 35Par 36Cro 36Har1 36Har2

Bates, St.J., Urmston, J.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4068. Flint, E.P., Wells, L.S.: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 11 (1933) 163. Gelbach, R.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4857. Getmann, F.H.: Trans. Am. Chem. Soc. 64 (1933) 201. Harned, H.S., Hamer, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4496. Harned, H.S., Wright, D.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4849. Harned, H.S., Ehlers, R.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 2179. Harned, H.S., Copson, H.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 2206. Harned, H.S., Hamer, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 2194. Harned, H.S., Ehlers, R.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 652. Harned, H.S., Hecker, J.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4838. Ishikawa, F., Kimura, G., Murooka, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 22 (1933) 131. Ishikawa, F., Ueda, Y.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 22 (1933) 249. Ishikawa, F., Murooka, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 22 (1933) 138. Ishikawa, F., Ueda, Y.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 22 (1933) 263. Ishikawa, F., Ferui, Y.: Bull. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. - Rikagaku Kenkyusho Iho 12 (1933) 45. La Mer, V.K., Parks, W.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4343. MacDougall, F.H., Blumer, D.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 2236. Murdock, P.G., Barton, R.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4074. Nims, L.F: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 1946. Oku, M.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 22 (1933) 288. Ueda, Y.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 22 (1933) 448. Ueda, Y.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 22 (1933) 879. Vance, J.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 2729. Vance, J.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 4519. Armbruster, M.H., Crenshaw, J.L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 2525. Carpenter, J.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1874. Cowperthwaite, J.A., La Mer, V.K., Barksdale, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 544. Crockford, H.D., Simmons, N.L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1537. Hamer, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 860. Harned, H.S., Embree, N.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1042. Harned, H.S., Sutherland, R.O.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 2039. Haring, M.M., Westfall, B.B.: Trans. Am. Electrochem. Soc. 63 (1934) 61. Hoyt, C.S., Stegemann, G.: J. Phys. Chem. 38 (1934) 753. Ishikawa, F., Yamasaki, S., Murooko, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 23 (1934) 115. Jones, G., Baeckström, S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1524. Mason, Ch.M., Kellam, D.B.: J. Phys. Chem. 38 (1934) 689. Owen, B.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1695. Parks, W.G., La Mer, V.K.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 90. Prytz, M.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 219 (1934) 89. Scherer, G.A., Newton, R.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 18. Shrawder jr., J., Cowperthwaite, J.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 2340. Tippetts, E.A., Newton, R.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1675. Öholm, L.W.: Finska Kemistsamf. Medd. 43 (1934) 25. Brasher, D.M., Parton, H.N.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 31 (1935) 681. Hamer, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 662. Harned, H.S., Hamer, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 27. Hovorka, F., Dearing, W.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 446. Krieble, V.K., Reinhart, F.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 19. Owen, B.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57 (1935) 1926. Parton, H.N.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 31 (1935) 686. Crockford, H.D., Farr jr., H.O.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 87. Harned, H.S., Fitzgerald, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 2624. Harned, H.S., Keston, A.S., Donelson, J.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 989. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R5 36Kie 36Noy 36Owe 36She 37Bat 37Can1 37Can2 37Har1 37Har3 37Noy 38Cro 38Tay 39Har2 39Har4 39Lar 39Vos 41Har 41Lar 42Bat 42Hug 43She 43Tem 46Sto1 46Sto2 47Mas 48Fer 49Bro 49Kra 49deV 50Wil 52Coh 52Dav 52Jon 52Swi 53Har 54Bat2 55Lie 55Sti 56Bru 56Pin 57Ham 58Tre1 58Tre2 60Gre

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Kielland, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 1855. Noyes, A.A., Garner, C.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 1268. Owen, B.B., Foering, L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 1575. Sherill, M.S., Haas jr., A.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 952. Bates, R.G., Vosburg, W.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1188. Cann, J.Y., Taylor, A.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1484. Cann, J.Y., Taylor, A.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1987. Harned, H.S., Donelson, J.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1280. Harned, H.S., Cook, M.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1890. Noyes, A.A., Deahl, T.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (1937) 1337. Crockford, H.D., Loffin, J.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60 (1938) 1606. Taylor, A.C., Nims, L.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60 (1938) 262. Harned, H.S., Fallon, L.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 3111. Harned, H.S., Dreby, E.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 3113. Larson, W.D., Tomsicek, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 65. Vosburgh, W.C., Derr, P.F., Cooper, G.R., Bates, R.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 2592. Harned, H.S., Scholes jr., S.R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63 (1941) 1706. Larson, W.D., Tomsicek, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63 (1941) 3329. Bates, R.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64 (1942) 1136. Hughes, R.H., Garner, C.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64 (1942) 1644. Sherrill, M.S., King, C.B., Spooner, R.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65 (1943) 170. Templeton, D.H., Watt, G.W., Gardner, C.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65 (1943) 1608. Stokes, R.H., Levien, B.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (1946) 333. Stokes, R.H., Levien, B.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (1946) 1853. Mason, C.M., Blum, W.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69 (1947) 1246. Ferrell jr., D.T., Blackburn, I., Vosburgh, W.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70 (1948) 3812. Brown, R.A., Swift, E.H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71 (1949) 2719. Kraus, K.A., Nelson, F., Johnson, G.L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71 (1949) 2520. deVries, T., Cohen, D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71 (1949) 1114. Williams, J.P., Knight, S.B., Crockford, H.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 (1950) 1277. Cohen, D., Hindman, J.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 4679; 4682. Davis, C.W., Jones, H.W., Monk, C.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 48 (1952) 921. Jones, H.W., Monk, C.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 48 (1952) 929. Swinehart, D.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 1100. Harned, H.S., Paxton, T.R.: J. Phys. Chem. 57 (1953) 531. Bates, R.G., Bowers, V.E.: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. U.S. 53 (1954) 282. Lietzke, M.H., Vaughan, J.V.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 876. Stille, U.: Messen und Rechnen in der Physik, Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1955, p. 217. Bruckenstein, S., Kolthoff, I.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78 (1956) 2974. Pinfold, T.A., Sebba, F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78 (1956) 2095; 5193. Hamer, W.G., Craig, D.N.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1957) 206. Treumann, W.B., Ferris, L.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80 (1958) 5048. Treumann, W.B., Ferris, L.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80 (1958) 5050. Greeley, R.S., Smith, W.T., Stoughton, R.W., Lietzke, M.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 64 (1960) 652; 1445.

126

2 Cell voltages

Table 2.2. Cell voltages with nonaqueous 1) electrolyte systems. 2) Cell composition Barium (Ba) Ba0.2629wt%HgŇBaCl2, hydrazineŇBa0.01083wt%Hg Ba0.2629wt%HgŇBaCl2, hydrazineŇBa0.01894wt%Hg Ba0.2629wt%HgŇBaCl2, hydrazineŇBa0.0503wt%Hg Ba0.2629wt%HgŇBaCl2, hydrazineŇBa0.1160wt%Hg Ba0.2629wt%HgŇBaCl2, hydrazineŇBa0.2085wt%Hg Ba0.2629wt%HgŇBaCl2, hydrazineŇBa0.1228wt%Hg

Ba0.1228wt%HgŇBaCl2, hydrazineŇBa0.03106wt%Hg

Ba0.2679wt.%HgŇBaCl2,pyridineŇBa0.01083wt.%Hg Ba0.2679wt.%HgŇBaCl2,pyridineŇBa0.1160wt.%Hg Ba0.2679wt.%HgŇBaCl2,pyridineŇBa0.2085wt.%Hg Cadmium (Cd) CdŇCd(NO3)2, 0.05 M, NH3ŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, NH3ŇAg (UT [V]=0.963–0.33·10–3 (T+35 °C), –65
Cd9at%HgŇCdI2,sol., CdI2,sat., Hg2I2,sol., ethanolŇHg

CdzHgŇCdI2,sol., CdI2,sat., Hg2I2,sol., acetoneŇHg

Calcium (Ca) CaŇCaI2, pyridineŇCa0.0253wt%Hg Ca1at%HgŇCaI2, 0.0093 M, pyridineŇAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Ca5at%HgŇCaI2, 0.0093 M, pyridineŇAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Ca10at%HgŇCaI2, 0.0093 M, pyridineŇAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Ca20at%HgŇCaI2, 0.0093 M, pyridineŇAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Ca25at%HgŇCaI2, 0.0093 M, pyridineŇAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg CaŇCaCl2, 0.25 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca0.25wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.25 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca1.06wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.25 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca4.06wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.25 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Ca7.90wt%HgŇCaCl2, 0.25 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.04712 0.03953 0.02624 0.01396 0.00427 0.01256 0.01291 0.01326 0.01935 0.01998 0.02061 0.0471 0.0134 0.0043

26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And 26And

–35

0.963

26Cos

10 0

1.0337 0.030 0.746 0.032 0.570

52Koe 52Koe 99Kah 00Kah 29Buc

25 30 35 25 30 35 22.5 25.0 30

0.4172 0.4190 0.4208 0.4172 0.4192 0.4208 0.4169 0.4178 0.4195

28Yos 28Yos 28Yos 28Yos 28Yos 28Yos 28Yos 28Yos 28Yos

0.0843 1.85 1.82 1.84 1.82 1.99 2.20 1.37 1.70 1.82 2.02

26Dru1 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam

15 25 35 15 25 35

–80 –80 –80 –80 –80

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Cerium (Ce) CeŇCeBr3, pyridineŇCe5wt%Hg CeŇCeBr3,sat., pyridineŇCe5wt%Hg Ce5wt%HgŇCeBr3, pyridineŇAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg CeŇCeBr3,sat., pyridineŇAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Copper (Cu) CuŇCu(NO3)2,sat., pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg CuŇCu(NO3)2, 0.05 M, anilineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, anilineŇAg Hydrogen (H) Pt, H2ŇHBr, 0.474 mm, methanol, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 1.274 mm, methanol, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 9.36 mm, methanol, AgBrŇAg Pt, H2ŇHBr, 54.30 mm, methanol, AgBrŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.4955 mm, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 1.652 mm, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 4.939 mm, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 7.113 mm, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 14.44 mm, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 25.49 mm, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 53.12 mm, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 75.07 mm, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.1155 m, methanol, AgClŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.5574 m, methanol, AgClŇAg H2ŇHCl, 1 m, methanol(10wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, methanol(20wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, methanol(43.3wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, methanol(64.0wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, methanol(84.2wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, methanol(94.2wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, methanolŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, ethanolŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, 2-propanol(5wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, 2-propanol(10wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, 2-propanol(20wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, glycerol(10wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, glycerol(30wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, glycerol(50wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, acetoneŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, formamideŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, formic acidŇAgClŇ H2ŇHCl, 1 m, acetic acidŇAgClŇ

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

127

T [°C]

20 20 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 20 25 25 25 25 20 20 20

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.245 0.24 0.965 0.72

26Mül 29Mül2 29Mül2 29Mül2

0.210 0.210

99Kah 99Kah

0.2639 0.2155 0.1217 0.0439 0.3861 0.3274 0.2757 0.2698 0.2285 0.2049 0.1758 0.1612 0.1439 0.0844 0.21818 0.21151 0.1941 0.1764 0.1319 0.0840 –0.0099 0.21900 0.21025 –0.0813 0.22110 0.21660 0.20905 0.21650 0.20221 0.18392 –0.53 0.20303 0.16352 0.06395 0.0611 0.204 –0.1200 –0.6180

42Kan 42Kan 42Kan 42Kan 25Non 25Non 25Non 25Non 25Non 25Non 25Non 25Non 25Non 25Non 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 61Ive 58Man 61Ive 61Ive

128

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.01 m, methanol, CH3COONa, 0.00976 m ŒNaCl, 0.01 m, methanolŒHCl, 0.00976 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.1 m, methanol, CH3COONa, 0.0966 m ŒNaCl, 0.1 m, methanolŒHCl, 0.0966 mŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.0382 M, methanolŒNaCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Pt, H2ŇNa-methylat, 0.0217 m, methanolŒNaCl, 0.01 m, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.02 m, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.02 m, methanol(40wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.02 m, methanol(60wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.02 m, methanol(90wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, methanol(40wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, methanol(60wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, methanol(90wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, methanol(40wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, methanol(60wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, methanol(90wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 4.393 mm, H2SO4, 4.654 mm, methanol(10wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 5.549 mm, H2SO4, 6.182 mm, methanol(10wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 8.866 mm, H2SO4, 18.901 mm, methanol(10wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 8.795 mm, H2SO4, 24.623 mm, methanol(10wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 13.268 mm, H2SO4, 14.008 mm, methanol(10wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 23.935 mm, H2SO4, 31.290 mm, methanol(10wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 4.426 mm, H2SO4, 28.239 mm, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 4.586 mm, H2SO4, 6.224 mm, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

T [°C]

20 25 30 35 20 25 30 35 20 25 30 35 20 25 30 35 20 25 35 20 25 30 35 20 25 30 35 20 25 30 35

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.4080

24Bje

0.4452

24Bje

0.6688 0.9930 0.4191 0.4075 0.3915 0.3292 0.3753 0.3644 0.3496 0.2902 0.2621 0.2534 0.2417 0.1910 0.4749 0.4767 0.4784 0.4798 0.4633 0.4651 0.4665 0.4678 0.4326 0.4339 0.4349 0.4356 0.4287 0.4299 0.4309 0.4319 0.4237 0.4248 0.4261 0.3940 0.3945 0.3948 0.3948 0.4414 0.4429 0.4443 0.4456 0.4648 0.4668 0.4683 0.4698

34Goo 29Buc 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 30Ake 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇHCl, 5.435 mm, H2SO4, 6.437 mm, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.110 mm, H2SO4, 4.335 mm, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.509 mm, H2SO4, 9.975 mm, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 14.179 mm, H2SO4, 4.286 mm, methanol(20wt%)/water, AgClŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, ethanol(16.18vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, ethanol(32.35vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, ethanol(52.35vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, ethanol(67.64vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, ethanolŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.21898+4.89247·10–4 (T–20 °C)–1.40006·10–4 (T–20 °C)2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.21011+4.08604·10–4 (T–20 °C)–5.57748·10–4 (T–20 °C)2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.005124 m, AgCl, ethanol(30wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.009768 m, AgCl, ethanol(30wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.016212 m, AgCl, ethanol(30wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.029336 m, AgCl, ethanol(30wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.045850 m, AgCl, ethanol(30wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.053154 m, AgCl, ethanol(30wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.006306 m, AgCl, ethanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.013185 m, AgCl, ethanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.019214 m, AgCl, ethanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.021231 m, AgCl, ethanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.022995 m, AgCl, ethanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.041587 m, AgCl, ethanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.006027 m, AgCl, ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.011901 m, AgCl, ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.021062 m, AgCl, ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.028877 m, AgCl, ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.051775 m, AgCl, ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.070456 m, AgCl, ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, ethanol(25mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, ethanol(25mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, ethanol(25mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3 m, AgCl, ethanol(25mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.6 m, AgCl, ethanol(25mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, ethanol(25mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, ethanol(50mol%)/waterŇAg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

129 T [°C] 20 25 30 35 20 25 30 35 20 25 30 35 20 25

U0 [V]

Ref.

20

0.4588 0.4605 0.4620 0.4634 0.4592 0.4609 0.4623 0.4637 0.4469 0.4485 0.4499 0.4510 0.4267 0.4277 0.0192 0.0169 0.0216 0.0275 0.044 0.21898

20

0.21011 42Pat 0.4769 0.4453 0.4212 0.3931 0.3720 0.3652 0.4618 0.4263 0.4084 0.4038 0.3999 0.3732 0.4566 0.4241 0.3975 0.3827 0.3561 0.3420 0.4361 0.3606 0.3281 0.2778 0.2431 0.2141 0.4033

53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 53Eva 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 42Pat

54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 54Har 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But

130

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, ethanol(50mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, ethanol(50mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3 m, AgCl, ethanol(50mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.6 m, AgCl, ethanol(50mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, ethanol(50mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, ethanol(75mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, ethanol(75mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, ethanol(75mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3 m, AgCl, ethanol(75mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.6 m, AgCl, ethanol(75mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, ethanol(75mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, ethanol(95mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, ethanol(95mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, ethanol(95mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3 m, AgCl, ethanol(95mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.6 m, AgCl, ethanol(95mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, ethanol(95mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.6 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇC2H5COOH, 8.97 mm, C2H5COONa, 10.21 mm, NaCl, 9.84 mm, AgCl, methanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇC2H5COOH, 44.86 mm, C2H5COONa, 51.06 mm, NaCl, 49.22 mm, AgCl, methanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇC2H5COOH, 78.73 mm, C2H5COONa, 89.61 mm, NaCl, 86.39 mm, AgCl, methanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇC2H5COOH, 6.07 mm, C2H5COONa, 7.01 mm, NaCl, 6.076 mm, AgCl, methanol(20wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇC2H5COOH, 37.36 mm, C2H5COONa, 43.15 mm, NaCl, 37.39 mm, AgCl, methanol(20wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇC2H5COOH, 67.29 mm, C2H5COONa, 77.71 mm, NaCl, 67.35 mm, AgCl, methanol(20wt%)/waterŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.0003045 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.0005158 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.001198 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.002193 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.005442 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.01114 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg

T [°C]

0 20 40 0 20 40 0 20 40 0 20 40 0 20 40 0 20 40

U0 [V] 0.3331 0.3034 0.2550 0.2209 0.1926 0.3563 0.2902 0.2622 0.2156 0.1825 0.1524 0.2752 0.2119 0.1839 0.1374 0.1013 0.0691 0.1938 0.1390 0.1144 0.0806 0.0591 0.0405 0.6138 0.6317 0.6492 0.5779 0.5921 0.6062 0.5674 0.5780 0.5914 0.5720 0.6469 0.6662 0.5862 0.6015 0.6175 0.5720 0.5874 0.6019 0.3466 0.3216 0.2827 0.2550 0.2185 0.1905

Ref. 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 29But 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 42Pat 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition

131 T [°C]

Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.02537 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.05188 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.1147 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.2189 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 0.4732 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Ir, H2ŇHCl, 1.343 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.084 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.149 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.771 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.030 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.290 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.780 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 3.530 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 6.154 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 9.070 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 11.834 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 15.130 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 21.790 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 37.241 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 65.090 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 130.180 mm, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.00886 m, Hg2Cl2, ethanolŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.019 m, Hg2Cl2, ethanolŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0274 m, Hg2Cl2, ethanolŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0877 m, Hg2Cl2, ethanolŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1703 m, Hg2Cl2, ethanolŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3020 m, Hg2Cl2, ethanolŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanol(16.18vol%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanol(32.35vol%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanol(52.35vol%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanol(67.64vol%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanolŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanol(16.18vol%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanol(32.35vol%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanol(52.35vol%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanol(67.64vol%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 MŒHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2,sol., ethanolŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.05 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.10 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.50 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 4.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 6.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 8.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(10wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.05 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇHg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

U0 [V] 0.1601 0.1356 0.1090 0.0880 0.0636 0.0405 0.0292 0.5082 0.4795 0.3962 0.3817 0.3710 0.3570 0.3250 0.2992 0.2794 0.2704 0.2659 0.2440 0.2216 0.1956 0.1632 0.2406 0.2232 0.1957 0.1538 0.1326 0.1175 0.4992 0.4858 0.4697 0.4402 0.322 0.3832 0.3742 0.3545 0.3329 0.227 0.7470 0.7303 0.6899 0.6700 0.6450 0.6028 0.5757 0.5491 0.7419

Ref. 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 54Muk 22Dan 22Dan 22Dan 22Dan 22Dan 22Dan 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro

132

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.10 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.50 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 4.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 6.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 8.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(20wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.05 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(35wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.10 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(35wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.50 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(35wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(35wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(35wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 4.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(35wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 6.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(35wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 8.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(35wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.05 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.10 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.50 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 4.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 6.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 8.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(50wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.05 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(65wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.10 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(65wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.50 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(65wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(65wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(65wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 4.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(65wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 6.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(65wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.05 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(80wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.10 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(80wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.50 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(80wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(80wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 2.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(80wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 4.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(80wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 6.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(80wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 8.0 mŒHg2SO4,sat., ethanol(80wt%)/waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethane-1,2-diol(5wt%)/waterŇAg

0.7254 0.6853 0.6658 0.6409 0.6042 0.5737 0.5471 0.7359 0.7159 0.6801 0.6602 0.6355 0.5977 0.5663 0.5408 0.7297 0.7135 0.6745 0.6548 0.6297 0.5915 0.5587 0.5314 0.7194 0.7038 0.6659 0.6460 0.6209 0.5834 0.5533 0.7033 0.6881 0.6516 0.6355 0.6148 0.5818 0.5485 0.5209 0.2191

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethane-1,2-diol(10wt%)/waterŇAg

0.2164

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethane-1,2-diol(15wt%)/waterŇAg

0.2133

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethane-1,2-diol(20wt%)/waterŇAg

0.2102

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethane-1,2-diol(30wt%)/waterŇAg

0.2036

Ref. 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 46Cro 50Cro2, 46Kni 50Cro2, 46Kni 50Cro2, 46Kni 50Cro2, 46Kni 50Cro2, 46Kni Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition

133 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethane-1,2-diol(40wt%)/waterŇAg

0.1972

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, ethane-1,2-diol(60wt%)/waterŇAg

0.1807

Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.005 M, Hg2SO4,sol., ethane-1,2-diol, 10 M, waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.025 M, Hg2SO4,sol., ethane-1,2-diol, 10 M, waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.05 M, Hg2SO4,sol., ethane-1,2-diol, 10 M, waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.25 M, Hg2SO4,sol., ethane-1,2-diol, 10 M, waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.5 M, Hg2SO4,sol., ethane-1,2-diol, 10 M, waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 1.0 M, Hg2SO4,sol., ethane-1,2-diol, 10 M, waterŇHg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.001862 m, AgCl,2-propanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0208 m, AgCl,2-propanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.11188 m, AgCl,2-propanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.4451 m, AgCl,2-propanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.8863 m, AgCl,2-propanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl,2-propanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, 2-propanol(5wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.22110–5.7425·10–4 (T–20 °C)–3.8357·10–6 (T–20 °C)2, 0
0.7834 0.7453 0.7290 0.6904 0.6730 0.6505 0.53930 0.42025 0.33984 0.27180 0.23417 0.22704 0.2239 0.2211 0.2181 0.2192 0.2167 0.2138 0.2114 0.2091 0.2064 0.7492 0.7327 0.6922 0.6720 0.7470 0.7304 0.6908 0.6709 0.7414 0.7249 0.6862 0.6661 0.18932

50Cro2, 46Kni 50Cro2, 46Kni 33Tri 33Tri 33Tri 33Tri 33Tri 33Tri 39Har3 39Har3 39Har3 39Har3 39Har3 39Har3 47Moo 47Moo 47Moo 47Moo 47Moo 47Moo 47Moo 47Moo 47Moo 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 50Cro3 46Har

0.5777 0.5415 0.4599 0.4615 0.4276 0.3834 0.3495 0.3161 0.2696

26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc

Pt, H2ŇHCl, AgCl, 2-propanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.21666–5.3324·10–4(T–20 °C)–4.7405·10–6(T–20 °C)2, 0
15 20 25 15 20 25 15 20 25

134

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, glycerol(1mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, AgCl, glycerol(1mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 4.0 m, AgCl, glycerol(1mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.001 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.002 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.005 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.02 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.2 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 4.0 m, AgCl, glycerol(5mol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerol(23.50vol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerol(23.50vol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerol(47.96vol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerol(47.96vol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerol(71.32vol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerol(71.32vol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerol(94.60vol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerol(94.60vol%)/waterŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.1 M, Hg2Cl2, glycerolŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, glycerol(23.50vol%)/waterŒHCl, 0.1 M, glycerol(23.50vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, glycerol(47.96vol%)/waterŒHCl, 0.1 M, glycerol(47.96vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, glycerol(71.32vol%)/waterŒHCl, 0.1 M, glycerol(71.32vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, glycerol(94.60vol%)/waterŒHCl, 0.1 M, glycerol(94.60vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 M, glycerol ŒHCl, 0.1 M, glycerolŇH2, Pt Pt, H2Ňquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(23.32vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(23.32vol%)/waterŇPt Pt, H2Ňquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(47.87vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(47.87vol%)/waterŇPt Pt, H2Ňquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(71.18vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(71.18vol%)/waterŇPt Pt, H2Ňquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(95.56vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(95.56vol%)/waterŇPt Pt, H2Ňquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerolŒquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerolŇPt Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.005 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.48096–1.87·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.61·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.2304 0.1830 0.1184 0.5681 0.5323 0.4860 0.4512 0.4172 0.3730 0.3397 0.3061 0.2596 0.2197 0.1711 0.1037 0.4994 0.3868 0.4848 0.3738 0.4653 0.3593 0.4416 0.3388 0.403 0.287 0.0181

26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 26Luc 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd 27Erd

0.0166

27Erd

0.0129

27Erd

0.0096

27Erd

0.025 0.0084

27Erd 27Erd

0.0069

27Erd

0.0062

27Erd

0.017

27Erd

0.148

27Erd

0.48096 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.4722–0.84·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.58·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.37074+1.54·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.51·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.10 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.33829–2.56·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.46·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.25991–4.90·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.10·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m ,AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.22099–5.95·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.78·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.5 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.19453–6.58·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.52·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.17291–7.02·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.31·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 3.0 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.13689–7.67·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.99·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.003 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.47082+0.78·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.30·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.005 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.44670–1.38·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.24·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.41470–2.23·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.17·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.34316+4.23·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.99·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

135 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.44722 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.37074 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.33829 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.25991 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.22099 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.19453 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.17291 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.13689 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.47082 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.44670 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.41470 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.34316 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3

136

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.10 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.31290–5.08·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.91·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.23855–7.03·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.52·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.19951–7.91·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.12·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.5 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.17162–8.44·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.84·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 2.0 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.14811–8.82·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.62·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 3.0 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.10711–9.38·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.29·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.001 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.43716+4.50·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.14·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.005 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.37130–6.20·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.71·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.34525–6.80·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.60·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.28739+8.11·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.33·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.10 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.26195–8.67·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.22·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.19274–9.95·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.80·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.31290 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.23855 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.19951 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.17162 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.14811 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.10711 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.43716 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.37130 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.34525 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.28739 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.26195 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.19274 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition

137 T [°C]

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.0 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.150000–10.54·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.45·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 1.5 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.11638–10.90·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.19·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.001 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.36094+8.03·10–4 (T–25 °C)–5.54·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.005 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.30913–9.43·10–4 (T–25 °C)–3.45·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.28844–9.85·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.80·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.24060+10.73·10–4 (T–25 °C)–2.29·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.10 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.21870–11.14·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.85·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.3 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.17636–11.70·10–4 (T–25 °C)–1.30·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.14792–11.71·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.65·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0056 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0090 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0219 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.0290 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.055 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.079 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.093 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.128 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇHCl, 0.149 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.02426 m, NaCl, 0.02426 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

0 5 10 15 20

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.15000 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.11638 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.36094 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.30913 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.28844 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.24060 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.21870 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.17636 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.14792 38Har2, 38Har3, 39Har5, 36Har3 0.0938 54Eve 0.0811 54Eve 0.0483 54Eve 0.0392 54Eve 0.0226 54Eve 0.0126 54Eve 0.0072 54Eve –0.0001 54Eve –0.0049 54Eve 1.0635 39Har6 1.0644 39Har6 1.0652 39Har6 1.0661 39Har6 1.0670 39Har6

138

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.02426 m, NaCl, 0.02426 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.04344 m, NaCl, 0.04344 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.07621 m, NaCl, 0.07621 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.03 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.06 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg

T [°C] 25 30 35 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50

U0 [V] 1.0678 1.0687 1.0695 1.0704 1.0721 1.0636 1.0645 1.0653 1.0662 1.0670 1.0678 1.0687 1.0695 1.0704 1.0720 1.0638 1.0646 1.0654 1.0663 1.0671 1.0679 1.0688 1.0696 1.0704 1.0721 1.0660 1.0659 1.0658 1.0656 1.0655 1.0654 1.0652 1.0651 1.0650 1.0647 1.0488 1.0484 1.0479 1.0475 1.0471 1.0467 1.0463 1.0459 1.0455 1.0447

Ref. 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.09 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.15 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇNaOH, 0.01 m, NaCl, 0.30 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.01 m, CH3COONa, 0.01 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.05 m, CH3COONa, 0.05 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

139 T [°C] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

U0 [V] 1.0385 1.0380 1.0374 1.0369 1.0363 1.0358 1.0352 1.0347 1.0341 1.0330 1.0520 1.0505 1.0489 1.0473 1.0457 1.0441 1.0426 1.0410 1.0394 1.0362 1.0299 1.0280 1.0260 1.0240 1.0220 1.0200 1.0181 1.0161 1.0141 1.0101 0.6903 0.6911 0.6929 0.6945 0.6962 0.6978 0.6994 0.7011 0.7028 0.6501 0.6508 0.6519 0.6532 0.6540 0.6549 0.6559 0.6568 0.6577

Ref. 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6

140

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, H2ŇCH3COOH, 0.08 m, CH3COONa, 0.08 m, AgCl, 1,4-dioxane(82wt%)/waterŇAg

Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.002461 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.006053 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.007730 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.01377 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.02662 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.03796 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.1437 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.5014 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Pt, H2ŇH2SO4, 0.8715 m, Hg2SO4, acetic acidŇHg Lanthanum (La) LaŇLaBr3,sat., pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 MŇAg La5wt%HgŇLaBr3,sat., pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 MŇAg LaŇLaBr3,sat., pyridineŇLa5wt%Hg Lead (Pb) Pbsat.HgŇPbF2*2.5 H2O,sol.ŇHF(NaF), Hg2F2,sol.ŇHg PbŇPb(NO3)2, 0.05 M in NH3ŒAgNO3, 0.1 M in NH3ŇAg (UT [V]=0.467–0.5·10–3 (T+35 °C), –65
T [°C] 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

0 –35

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.6362 0.6372 0.6379 0.6384 0.6391 0.6399 0.6406 0.6413 0.6429 0.537 0.525 0.521 0.512 0.504 0.498 0.480 0.460 0.452

39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 39Har6 31Hut 31Hut 31Hut 31Hut 31Hut 31Hut 31Hut 31Hut 31Hut

0.71 0.93 0.255

29Mül1 29Mül1 29Mül1

1.0637 0.467

52Koe 26Cos

0.5788 0.5561 0.5209 0.5017 0.4842 0.5462 0.5120 0.5016 0.4842 0.5207 0.5081 0.4929 0.4842 0.327

44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 44Nob 99Kah

2.287 2.1995 2.1760 2.1511 2.1264 2.1040 0.9502

32McF 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 13Lew Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Magnesium (Mg) MgŇMgCl2, 0.35 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Mg0.12wt%HgŇMgCl2, 0.35 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Mg3.11wt%HgŇMgCl2, 0.35 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg Mg9.02wt%HgŇMgCl2, 0.35 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg MgŇMg(NO3)2, 0.05 M, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg5at%HgŇMgI2, 0.038 M, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg10at%HgŇMgI2, 0.038 M, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg21at%HgŇMgI2, 0.038 M, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg25at%HgŇMgI2, 0.038 M, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg38at%HgŇMgI2, 0.038 M, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg1at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg10at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg30at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg40at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg50at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg52at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg60at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg90at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Mg99at%HgŇMgBr2, sat.pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg MgŇMg(NO3)2, 0.05 M, anilineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, anilineŇAg Mercury (Hg) HgŇHg2F2,sol., HF(NaF)ŇCuF2,sol.ŇCusat.Hg HgŇHg2F2,sol.ŇNaF, x=0.010 in HFŒNaF, HF*H2O, AgF, x=0.00154 in HFŇAg HgŇHg2F2,sol.ŇNaF, x=0.020 in HFŒNaF, HF*H2O, AgF, x=0.00308 in HFŇAg HgŇHg2F2,sol.ŇNaF, x=0.0320 in HFŒNaF, HF*H2O, AgF, x=0.0020 in HFŇAg HgŇHg2F2,sol.ŇNaF, x=0.034 in HFŒNaF, HF*H2O, AgF, x=0.0040 in HFŇAg HgŇHg2F2,sol.ŇNaF, x=0.036 in HFŒNaF, HF*H2O, AgF, x=0.0060 in HFŇAg HgŇHg2F2,sol.ŇNaF, x=0.040 in HFŒNaF, HF*H2O, AgF, x=0.00615 in HFŇAg HgŇHg2F2,sol.ŇNaF, x=0.050 in HFŒNaF, HF*H2O, AgF, x=0.00769 in HFŇAg HgŇHg2SO4, H2SO4, methanolŇH2, Pt

HgŇHgNO3, 0.00108 m, methanolŒHgNO3, 0.00108 m, methanolŇHg HgŇHgNO3, 0.0043 m, methanolŒHgNO3, 0.0173 m, methanolŇHg HgŇHgNO3, 0.0173 m, methanolŒHgNO3, 0.069 m, methanolŇHg HgŇHgNO3, 0.0345 m, methanolŒHgNO3, 0.069 m, methanolŇHg HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 M, glycerin(23.50vol%)/waterŒHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.01 M, glycerin(23.50vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

141 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

–80 –80 –80 –80

1.8 1.22 1.83 1.95 0.929 1.68 1.67 1.70 1.85 1.58 1.65 1.72 1.72 1.73 1.69 1.31 1.33 1.34 1.25 1.151

15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 99Kah 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 15Cam 23Mül 23Mül 23Mül 23Mül 23Mül 23Mül 23Mül 23Mül 23Mül 99Kah

0 10 0

0.274 0.283 0.0543

52Koe 52Koe 52Koe

0

0.0737

52Koe

0

0.0642

52Koe

0

0.0763

52Koe

0

0.0901

52Koe

0

0.0915

52Koe

0

0.0964

52Koe

20 25 30 35

0.544431 46Kan 0.53920 46Kan 0.53510 46Kan 0.53177 46Kan 0.006 09Neu 0.003 09Neu 0.002 09Neu 0.001 09Neu 0.0946 27Erd

142

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 M, glycerol(47.96vol%)/waterŒHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.01 M, glycerol(47.96vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 M, glycerol(71.32vol%)/waterŒHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.01 M, glycerol(71.32vol%)/waterŇH2, Pt HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 M, glycerol(94.60vol%)/waterŒHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.01 M, glycerol(94.60vol%)/waterŇH2,Pt HgŇHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.1 M, glycerolŒHg2Cl2, HCl, 0.01 M, glycerolŇH2, Pt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(23.32vol%)/water Œpicric acid, 0.01 M, Hg2picrate,sol., glycerol(23.32vol%)/waterŇHg HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(47.87vol%)/water Œpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate,sol., glycerol(47.87vol%)/waterŇHg HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(71.18vol%)/water Œpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate,sol., glycerol(71.18vol%)/waterŇHg HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(95.56vol%)/water Œpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate,sol., glycerol(95.56vol%)/waterŇHg HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerolŒpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate,sol., glycerolŇHg HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(23.32vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(23.32vol%)/waterŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(47.87vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(47.87vol%)/waterŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(71.18vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(71.18vol%)/waterŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(95.56vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerol(95.56vol%)/waterŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerolŒquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, glycerolŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(23.32vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(23.32vol%)/waterŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(47.87vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(47.87vol%)/waterŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(71.18vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(71.18vol%)/waterŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid 0.1 M, glycerol(95.56vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerol(95.56vol%)/waterŇPt HgŇHg2picrate,sol., picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerolŒquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, glycerolŇPt Platinum (Pt) PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M ethanol(16.02vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanol(16.02vol%)/waterŇPt PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanol(33.78vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanol(33.78vol%)/waterŇPt PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanol(50.18vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanol(50.18vol%)/waterŇPt PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanol(67.46vol%)/water Œquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanol(67.46vol%)/waterŇPt PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanolŒquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanolŇPt

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.0944

27Erd

0.0926

27Erd

0.0924

27Erd

0.087 0.1017

27Erd 27Erd

0.1012

27Erd

0.1008

27Erd

0.1084

27Erd

0.186

27Erd

0.0854

27Erd

0.0800

27Erd

0.0766

27Erd

0.092

27Erd

0.268

27Erd

0.246

27Erd

0.282

27Erd

0.305

27Erd

0.328

27Erd

0.059

27Erd

0.0079

27Erd

0.0080

27Erd

0.0116

27Erd

0.0238

27Erd

0.0079

27Erd

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanol(16.02vol%)/waterŒpicric acid, 0.01 M, Hg2picrate, ethanol(16.02vol%)/waterŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanol(33.78vol%)/waterŒpicric acid, 0.01 M, Hg2picrate, ethanol(33.78vol%)/waterŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanol(50.18vol%)/waterŒpicric acid, 0.01 M, Hg2picrate, ethanol(50.18vol%)/waterŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanol(67.46vol%)/waterŒpicric acid, 0.01 M, Hg2picrate, ethanol(67.46vol%)/waterŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.01 M, ethanolŒpicric acid, 0.01 M, Hg2picrate, ethanolŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanol(16.02vol%)/waterŒpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate, ethanol(16.02vol%)/waterŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanol(33.78vol%)/waterŒpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate, ethanol(33.78vol%)/waterŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanol(50.18vol%)/waterŒpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate, ethanol(50.18vol%)/waterŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanol(67.46vol%)/waterŒpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate, ethanol(67.46vol%)/waterŇHg PtŇquinhydrone, picric acid, 0.1 M, ethanolŒpicric acid, 0.1 M, Hg2picrate, ethanolŇHg Potassium (K) K0.2756wt%HgŇKCl, 1.492 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg K0.2756wt%HgŇKCl, 1.923 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg K0.2756wt%HgŇKCl, 3.204 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg K0.2756wt%HgŇKCl, 4.696 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg K0.2756wt%HgŇKCl, 13.98 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg K0.2756wt%HgŇKCl, 14.26 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg K0.2756wt%HgŇKCl, 21.51 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg K0.2756wt%HgŇKCl, 22.66 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg K0.2216wt.%HgŇKI,sol., KI,sat., AgI, ethanolŇAg K0.2216wt.%HgŇKI,sol., KI,sat., CuI, ethanolŇCu K0.2216wt%HgŇKI,sol., KI,sat., CuI, ethanolŇCuzHg K0.2216wt%HgŇKBr,sol., KBr,sat., AgBr,sol., ethanol(85wt%)/waterŇAg (from Ag2O) KŇKI, ethyl amineŇK0.2216wt%Hg K1.127mol%HgŇKI, ethyl amineŇK0.01950mol%Hg K1.127mol%HgŇKI, ethyl amineŇK0.1924mol%Hg K1.127mol%HgŇKI, ethyl amineŇK0.6721mol%Hg K1.127mol%HgŇKI, ethyl amineŇK1.539mol%Hg K1.127mol%HgŇKI, ethyl amineŇK1.944mol%Hg K1.127mol%HgŇKI, ethyl amineŇK2.193mol%Hg K1.127mol%HgŇKI, ethyl amineŇK2.444mol%Hg K1.127mol%HgŇKI, ethyl amineŇK2.627mol%Hg Rubidium (Rb) RbŇRbI, ethyl amine with 7.9mol% ammoniaŇRb0.02698 eq/kgHg

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

143 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.0834

27Erd

0.1063

27Erd

0.1427

27Erd

0.1506

27Erd

0.094

27Erd

–0.00243 27Erd

–36 –36 –36 –36 –36 –36 –36 –36

0.0012

27Erd

0.0294

27Erd

0.0424

27Erd

0.005

27Erd

0.3834 0.3750 0.3575 0.3457 0.3147 0.3137 0.3042 0.3027 1.6271 1.5904 1.5993 1.8793

51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 34Ish3 34Ish3 34Ish3 34Ish2

1.0481 0.1237 0.06156 0.02099 –0.01552 –0.06156 –0.03672 –0.04418 –0.05084

12Lew 33Ben 33Ben 33Ben 33Ben 33Ben 33Ben 33Ben 33Ben

1.0745

15Lew

144

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Silver (Ag) AgŇAgNO3, 0.298 mM in NH3ŒAgNO3, 1.87 mM in NH3ŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.0487 mM in NH3ŒAgNO3, 1.82 mM in NH3ŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.0080 mM in NH3ŒAgNO3, 1.82 mM in NH3ŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.743 mM in NH3ŒAgNO3, 4.54 mM in NH3ŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 m, methanolŒNaCl, 0.1 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.00125 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.00625 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.00313 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.00156 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.00625 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.00313 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.025 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.0125 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.05 m, ethanolŒNaBr ,0.025 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.00156 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.00313 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.00625 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.0125 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.025 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, NaBr, 0.1 m, ethanolŒNaBr, 0.05 m, ethanol, AgBrŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.001013 M, ethanol(85wt%)/waterŒAgCl, KCl, 0.001013 M, ethanol(24.67wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.01006 M, ethanol(85wt%)/waterŒAgCl, KCl, 0.01006 M, ethanol(24.67wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.1001 M, ethanol(85wt%)/waterŒAgCl, KCl, 0.1001 M, ethanol(24.67wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.001011 M, ethanol(85wt%)/waterŒAgCl, KCl, 0.001011 M, ethanol(50.6wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.01006 M, ethanol(85wt%)/waterŒAgCl, KCl, 0.01006 M, ethanol(50.6wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgBr, KBr, 0.10012 M, ethanol(85wt%)/waterŒAgCl, KCl, 0.10012 M, ethanol(50.6wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.01571 m, methanol, AgClŒAgCl, HCl, 0.001274 m, methanol, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.07332 m, methanol, AgClŒAgCl, HCl, 0.004939 m, methanol, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.07333 m, methanol, AgClŒAgCl, HCl, 0.008396 m, methanol, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.1155 m, methanol, AgClŒAgCl, HCl, 0.009857 m, methanol, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.4802 m, methanol, AgClŒAgCl, HCl, 0.04261 m, methanol, AgClŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.1 m, methanolŒAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0630 m, methanolŒ AgCl, LiCl, 0.0063 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.1262 m, methanolŒ AgCl, LiCl, 0.0136 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.3812 m, methanolŒ AgCl, LiCl, 0.0378 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.6374 m, methanolŒ AgCl, LiCl, 0.0630 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0180 m, methanolŒAgCl, NaCl, 0.00204 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.0991 m, methanolŒAgCl, NaCl, 0.00999 m, methanolŇAg

T [°C] –38 –38 –38 –38

U0 [V]

Ref.

15.9

0.0308 0.0592 0.0845 0.0341 0.0206 0.0127 0.0138 0.0134 0.0120 0.0115 0.0737 0.0599 0.0466 0.0341 0.0222 0.0104 0.1419

05Cad 05Cad 05Cad 05Cad 29Buc 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 30Afa

15.2

0.1447

30Afa

15.1

0.1469

30Afa

16.6

0.1447

30Afa

16.6

0.1371

30Afa

16.6

0.1392

30Afa

0.0844

25Non

0.0852

25Non

0.0672

25Non

0.0751

25Non

0.0709

25Non

0.0206 0.0316 0.0291 0.0275 0.0285 0.0451

29Buc 22Pea 22Pea 22Pea 22Pea 27Wol

0.0441

27Wol

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1790 m, methanolŒAgCl, NaCl, 0.0180 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.1 m, methanolŒNaCl, 0.1 m, methanol, Hg2Cl2ŇHg AgŇAgCl, NaCl, 0.01 m, methanolŒNaClO4, 0.01 m, methanolŒAgClO4, 0.01 mŇAg AgŇAgI, KI, 0.054 m, methanolŒNaCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2, methanolŇHg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.005 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.001 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.02 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.001 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.02 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.002 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.04 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.001 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.04 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.005 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.05 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.001 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.05 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.002 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.05 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.005 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI,sol., KI, 0.05 M, ethanolŒKI, 0.01 mM, AgI,sol., ethanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.001 m, ethanolŒAgNO3, 0.01 m, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.001 m, ethanolŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.01 m, ethanolŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.00625 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.025 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00625 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.025 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00625 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.025 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, methanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.025 m, methanolŇAg

145 T [°C]

18...20 18...20 18...20 18...20 18...20 18...20 18...20 18...20 18...20

U0 [V] 0.0422

27Wol

0.0496 0.5243

29Buc 29Buc

0.3381 0.0335 0.0595 0.0455 0.0705 0.0380 0.0745 0.0600 0.0415 0.0275 0.0597 0.1066 0.0470 0.032 0.065 0.034 0.093 0.063 0.027 0.065

29Buc 29Isa 29Isa 29Isa 29Isa 29Isa 29Isa 29Isa 29Isa 29Isa 13Bel 13Bel 13Bel 23Gra 23Gra 23Gra 23Gra 23Gra 23Gra 34Mül, 06Wil 34Mül, 06Wil 34Mül, 06Wil 34Mül, 06Wil 34Mül, 06Wil 34Mül, 06Wil 34Mül, 06Wil 34Mül, 06Wil 34Mül, 06Wil 12Ros, 13Ros 12Ros, 13Ros 12Ros, 13Ros

AgŇAgNO3, 0.00625 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.025 m, methanolŇAg

0.031

AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, methanolŇAg

0.086

AgŇAgNO3, 0.00625 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, methanolŇAg

0.044

AgŇAgNO3, 0.025 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, methanolŇAg

0.021

AgŇAgNO3, 0.000099 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.00099 m, methanolŇAg

0.054

AgŇAgNO3, 0.00099 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.0099 m, methanolŇAg

0.061

AgŇAgNO3, 0.0099 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.099 m, methanolŇAg

0.073

AgŇAgNO3, 0.099 m, methanolŒAgNO3, 0.99 m, methanolŇAg

0.044

AgŇAgNO3, 0.0005 m, acetoneŒAgNO3, 0.007 m, acetoneŇAg

0.0555

AgŇAgNO3, 0.001 m, acetoneŒAgNO3, 0.01 m, acetoneŇAg

0.0536

AgŇAgNO3, 0.001 m, acetoneŒAgNO3, 0.02 m, acetoneŇAg

0.0621

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

146

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

AgŇAgNO3, 0.002 m, acetoneŒAgNO3, 0.02 m, acetoneŇAg

0.0490

AgŇAgNO3, 0.005 m, acetoneŒAgNO3, 0.02 m, acetoneŇAg

0.0289

AgŇAgNO3, 0.01 m, acetoneŒAgNO3, 0.02 m, acetoneŇAg

0.0114

AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.02 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.02 m, AgCl, methanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.02 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.02 m, AgCl, methanol(20wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.02 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.02 m, AgCl, methanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.02 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.02 m, AgCl, methanol(60wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.02 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.02 m, AgCl, methanol(90wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.05 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, methanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.05 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, methanol(20wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.05 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, methanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.05 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, methanol(60wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.05 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.05 m, AgCl, methanol(90wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.1 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, methanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.1 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, methanol(20wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.1 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, methanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.1 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, methanol(60wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.1 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, methanol(90wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.5 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, methanol(10wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.5 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, methanol(20wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.5 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, methanol(40wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, KCl, 0.5 mŇKzHgŇKCl, 0.5 m, AgCl, methanol(60wt%)/waterŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.02493 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.002461 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.06239 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.004111 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.08238 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.008224 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.1764 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.01062 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.4753 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.04171 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg

0.0181

12Ros, 13Ros 12Ros, 13Ros 12Ros, 13Ros 30Ake

0.0364

30Ake

0.0747

30Ake

0.1158

30Ake

0.1966

30Ake

0.0175

30Ake

0.0351

30Ake

0.0715

30Ake

0.1116

30Ake

0.1883

30Ake

0.0171

30Ake

0.0344

30Ake

0.0701

30Ake

0.1091

30Ake

0.1854

30Ake

0.0161

30Ake

0.0324

30Ake

0.0660

30Ake

0.1028

30Ake

0.0646 0.0705 0.0579 0.0644 0.0581

28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.7457 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.07319 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.8388 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.08238 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 1.0 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.1 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 1.0 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.01035 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 1.2411 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.1364 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 1.2411 m, ethanolŒHCl, 0.004111 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.00295 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.00295 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.00590 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.00295 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0120 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.00590 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0240 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.0120 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0480 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.0240 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0965 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.00147 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0965 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.00295 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0965 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.00590 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0965 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.0120 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0965 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.0240 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.0965 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.0480 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.005 m, ethanolŒLiClO4, 0.005 m, ethanolŒAgClO4, 0.005 m, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, LiCl, 0.01 m, ethanolŒLiClO4, 0.01 m, ethanolŒAgClO4, 0.01 m, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.0020142 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT=0.11700–2.47·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.64·10–6 (T–25 °C)2 [V]) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.0038779 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.09090–1.82·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.44·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.0085061 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.05954–1.19·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.29·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.018333 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.11700–0.58·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.15·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.080510 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.02935+0.59·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.15·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.165267 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.05796+1.10·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.29·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.33243 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.08634+1.60·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.46·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.70003 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.11908+2.13·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.66·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 1.49548 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.15870+2.67·10–4 (T–25 °C)+1.07·10–6 (T–25 °C)2)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

147 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.0535 0.0540 0.0542 0.1129 0.0524 0.1418 0.0121 0.0116 0.0110 0.0105 0.0100 0.0647 0.0526 0.0408 0.0295 0.0192 0.0093 0.5311

28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 28Woo 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 26Dru2 32McF

0.5626

32McF

0.11700 39Har4

0.09090 39Har4

0.05954 39Har4

0.02900 39Har4

–0.02935 39Har5

–0.05796 39Har4

–0.08634 39Har4

–0.11908 39Har4

–0.15870 39Har4

148

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition AgŇAgCl, HCl, 2.78348 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.038278 m, 1,4-dioxane(20wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.20077+3.10·10–4 (T–25 °C)+1.69·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.0035521 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.08765–1.74·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.44·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.0084476 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.05442–0.95·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.34·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.018603 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.02516–0.44·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.19·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.076748 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.02546+0.45·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.20·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.16490 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.05313+0.95·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.44·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.29646 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.07540+1.32·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.62·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.68931 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.11058+1.86·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.87·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 1.50730 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.15212+2.29·10–4 (T–25 °C)+1.11·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 2.44143 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.18579+2.36·10–4 (T–25 °C)+1.26·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 2.99791 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.037604 m, 1,4-dioxane(45wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.20336+2.35·10–4 (T–25 °C)+1.32·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.0038857 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.06200–0.82·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.40·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.0085917 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.03905–0.60·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.31·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.0199096 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (UT [V]=0.01673–0.28·10–4 (T–25 °C)–0.17·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.077959 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.02090+0.37·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.28·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.15798 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl,0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V])=0.04211+0.71·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.57·10–6 (T–25 °C)2

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

–0.20077 39Har4

0.08765 39Har4

0.05442 39Har4

0.02516 39Har4

–0.02546 39Har4

–0.05313 39Har4

–0.07540 39Har4

–0.11058 39Har4

–0.15212 39Har4

–0.18579 39Har4

–0.20336 39Har4

0.06200 39Har4

0.03905 39Har4

0.01673 39Har4

–0.02090 39Har4

–0.04211 39Har4

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.33140 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.06499+1.08·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.91·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.35639 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.06796+1.10·10–4 (T–25 °C)+0.92·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.63909 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.09225+1.39·10–4 (T–25 °C)+1.23·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 0.91788 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.11065+1.57·10–4 (T–25 °C)+1.42·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCl, HCl, 1.30623 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/water ŒAgCl, HCl, 0.036576 m, 1,4-dioxane(70wt%)/waterŇAg (–UT [V]=0.12916+1.76·10–4 (T–25 °C)+1.62·10–6 (T–25 °C)2) AgŇAgCNS,sol., LiCNS, 0.01 m,ethanolŒLiCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0989 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.004133 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.1003 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.00609 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0996 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.00920 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0991 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.01576 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0998 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.01945 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.1002 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.02970 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.1003 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.0761 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.1015 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.002217 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.1968 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.009923 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI ,NaI, 0.5704 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.09544 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.5704 m, ethanolŇNaxHgŇNaI, 0.01010 m, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0970 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0066 M, KI, 0.0031 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.1002 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0051 M, KI, 0.0049 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0987 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0036 M, KI, 0.0064 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0970 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0017 M, KI, 0.0087 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0980 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0010 M, KI, 0.0082 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0993 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0166 M, KI, 0.0041 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0993 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0162 M, KI, 0.0047 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

149 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

–0.06499 39Har4

–0.06796 39Har4

–0.09225 39Har4

–0.11065 39Har4

–0.12916 39Har4

0.157 0.1328

32McF 30Par1

0.1177

30Par1

0.1012

30Par1

0.0778

30Par1

0.0690

30Par1

0.0513

30Par1

0.0116 0.1494

30Par1 30Par1

0.1257

30Par1

0.0720

30Par1

0.1678

30Par1

0.0341

30Par2

0.0390

30Par2

0.0430

30Par2

0.0462

30Par2

0.0502

30Par2

0.0278

30Par2

0.0279

30Par2

150

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0997 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0126 M, KI, 0.0068 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0997 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0074 M, KI, 0.0127 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgI, NaI, 0.0970 M, ethanolŇNaI, 0.0018 M, KI, 0.0172 M, AgI, ethanolŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00205 m, acetonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.00412 m, acetonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00205 m, acetonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.0083 m, acetonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00205 m, acetonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.0152 m, acetonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00205 m, acetonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.0305 m, acetonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00205 m, acetonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.061 m, acetonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00205 m, acetonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.122 m, acetonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.0078 m, acetonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.125 m, acetonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.001 m, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, pyridineŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.002 m, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, pyridineŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.01 m, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, pyridineŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, benzonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.00312 m, benzonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, benzonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.00625 m, benzonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, benzonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.0125 m, benzonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, benzonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.025 m, benzonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, benzonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.05 m, benzonitrileŇAg AgŇAgNO3, 0.00156 m, benzonitrileŒAgNO3, 0.1 m, benzonitrileŇAg Sodium (Na) Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 2.148 mm in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 4.968 mm in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 8.551 mm in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 15.18 mm in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 30.14 mm in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 74.97 mm in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.1058 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.2666 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.4316 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg Na0.2wt%HgŇNaCl, 0.5283 m in NH3, ZnCl2*6 NH3,sol.ŇZnsat.Hg NazHgŇNaNO3, 0.060 mM in NH3ŒNaNO3, 2.245 mM in NH3ŇNazHg NazHgŇNaNO3, 0.367 mM in NH3ŒNaNO3, 2.245 mM in NH3ŇNazHg NazHgŇNaNO3, 0.312 mM in NH3ŒNaNO3, 11.7 mM in NH3ŇNazHg NazHgŇNaNO3, 1.91 mM in NH3ŒNaNO3, 11.7 mM in NH3ŇNazHg NazHgŇNaNO3, 1.22 mM in NH3ŒNaNO3, 45.8 mM in NH3ŇNazHg NazHgŇNaNO3, 7.48 mM in NH3ŒNaNO3, 45.8 mM in NH3ŇNazHg Na0.206wt%HgŇNaBr,sol., NaBr,sat., AgBr, ethanolŇAg (silver electrolytically deposited) Na0.206wt%HgŇNaBr,sol., NaBr,sat., AgBr, ethanolŇAg (silver produced by reduction of Ag2O) Na0.247wt%HgŇNaClO4, 0.01 m, ethanolŒLiClO4, 0.01 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg Na0.466wt%HgŇNaClO4, 0.01 m, ethanolŒLiClO4, 0.01 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.01 m, AgCl, ethanolŇAg

T [°C]

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 –36 –36 –38 –38 –39 –39

U0 [V]

Ref.

0.0300

30Par2

0.0314

30Par2

0.0344

30Par2

0.012 0.030 0.047 0.059 0.075 0.086 0.046 0.076 0.061 0.035 0.012

28Koc 28Koc 28Koc 28Koc 28Koc 28Koc 00Kah 00Kah 00Kah 00Kah 28Koc

0.023

28Koc

0.036 0.049 0.061 0.076

28Koc 28Koc 28Koc 28Koc

–0.4835 –0.4559 –0.4421 –0.4262 –0.4106 –0.3952 –0.3865 –0.3752 –0.3702 –0.3672 0.0603 0.0307 0.0572 0.0276 0.0465 0.0236 1.7640

51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 51Sed 05Cad 05Cad 05Cad 05Cad 05Cad 05Cad 34Ish2

1.7631

34Ish2

1.9943

32McF

1.9943

32McF

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Na0.206wt%HgŇNaI,sol., NaI,sat., CuI,sol., 3-methyl-1-butanolŇCuyHg NaŇNaI, ethyl amineŇNa0.206wt%Hg NaxGaŇNaI, ethyl amineŇNa (mol fraction x=0.568 10–5) NaxGaŇNaI, ethyl amineŇNa (mol fraction x=3.493 10–5) NaxGaŇNaI, ethyl amineŇNa (mol fraction x=7.96 10–5) NaxGaŇNaI, ethyl amineŇNa (mol fraction x=13 10–5) Thallium (Tl) Tlsat.HgŇTlCl,sol., NaCl, 0.1 m, methanolŒNaCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2, methanolŇHg Tlsat.HgŇTlClO4, 0.00987 m, methanolŒNaCl, 0.01 m, methanolŒNaCl, 0.1 m, Hg2Cl2, methanolŇHg Tlsat.HgŇTlCl,sol., LiCl, 0.01 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.01 m, ethanol, AgClŇAg Tlsat.HgŇTlClO4,sol., LiCl, 0.03 m, ethanolŒLiCl, 0.03 m, ethanol, AgClŇAg TlŇTlNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, pyridineŇAg Zinc (Zn) Zn0.0289at.fract.HgŇZnCl2*10 NH3, NH4Cl, TlCl,sol.ŇTl0.0265at.fract.Hg Zn0.0289at.fract.HgŇZnCl2*10 NH3, NH4Cl, TlCl,sol.ŇTl0.0913at.fract.Hg Zn0.0289at.fract.HgŇZnCl2*10 NH3, NH4Cl, TlCl,sol.ŇTl0.428at.fract.Hg Zn0.0301at.fract.HgŇZnCl2*10 NH3, NH4Cl, TlCl,sol.ŇTl0.0265at.fract.Hg Zn10wt%HgŇZnBr2,sol., ZnBr2,sat., Hg2Br2,sol., ethanolŇHg

Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.01263 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.02997 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.08820 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.2176 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.4616 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 1.047 m, AgCl, acetoneŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.002115 m, AgCl, acetone(50mol%)/waterŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.02451 m, AgCl, acetone(50mol%)/waterŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.04656 m, AgCl, acetone(50mol%)/waterŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.1331 m, AgCl, acetone(50mol%)/waterŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.2479 m, AgCl, acetone(50mol%)/waterŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.4475 m, AgCl, acetone(50mol%)/waterŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 0.7099 m, AgCl, acetone(50mol%)/waterŇAg Zn1wt%HgŇZnCl2, 1.4490 m, AgCl, acetone(50mol%)/waterŇAg ZnŇZn(NO3)2, 0.1 M, pyridineŒCd(NO3)2, 0.05 M, pyridineŇCd ZnŇZn(NO3)2, 0.05 M, anilineŒAgNO3, 0.1 M, anilineŇAg 1

151 T [°C]

1.75 20 25 30 35 40 45

17

U0 [V]

Ref.

1.4102 0.8456 0.7116 0.7025 0.7012 0.7001

34Ish3 10Lew 34Gil 34Gil 34Gil 34Gil

0.642

29Buc

0.6237

29Buc

0.5639 0.5710

32McF 32McF

0.699

99Kah

0.9394 0.8900 0.8231 0.9680 0.6806 0.6813 0.6820 0.6826 0.6833 0.6841 1.007 1.001 0.9888 0.9783 0.9653 0.9521 1.0839 1.0431 1.0314 1.0177 1.0061 0.9981 0.9894 0.9722 0.340 0.916

34Ell 34Ell 34Ell 34Ell 32Ish1 32Ish1 32Ish1 32Ish1 32Ish1 32Ish1 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 32Ham 99Kah 99Kah

) All mixed electrolyte solvent systems including those containing water are listed below, for a given element cells with inorganic solvents are listed first followed by solutions based on organic solvents. 2 ) Description of the cell composition is based on the Stockholm convention (1953). All data refer to room temperature RT if not stated otherwise.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 99Kah 00Kah 05Cad 06Wil 09Neu 10Lew 12Lew 12Ros 13Bel 13Lew 13Ros 15Cam 15Lew 22Dan 22Pea 23Gra 23Mül 24Bje 25Non 26And 26Cos 26Dru1 26Dru2 26Luc 26Mül 27Erd 27Wol 28Koc 28Woo 28Yos 29Buc 29But 29Isa 29Mül1 29Mül2 30Afa 30Ake 30Par1 30Par2 31Hut 32Ham 32Ish1 32McF 33Ben 33Tri 34Ell 34Gil 34Goo 34Ish2 34Ish3 34Mül 36Har3 38Har2 38Har3 39Har3 39Har4

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Kahlenberg, L.: J. Phys. Chem. 3 (1899) 709. Kahlenberg, L.: J. Phys. Chem. 4 (1900) 379. Cady, H.P.: J. Phys. Chem. 9 (1905) 477. Wilson, J.H.: Am. Chem. J. 35 (1906) 78. Neustadt, J., Abegg, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 69 (1909) 486. Lewis, G.N., Kraus, Ch.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 32 (1910) 1459. Lewis, G.N., Keyes, F.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 34 (1912) 119. Roshdestwensky, A., Lewis, W.C.M.: Proc. Chem. Soc. 27 (1912) 266. Bell, J.M., Feild, A.L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35 (1913) 715. Lewis, G.N., Keyes, F.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35 (1913) 340. Roshdestwensky, A., Lewis, W.C.M.: Proc. Chem. Soc. 28 (1913) 239. Cambi, L.: Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. Rend. 24(I) (1915) 932; 23(II) (1915) 606. Lewis, G.N., Argo, W.L.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 37 (1915) 1983. Danner, P.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 44 (1922) 2832. Pearce, J.N., Hart, H.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 44 (1922) 2411. Grant, J., Partington, J.R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 19 (1923) 414. Müller, R., Knaus, W.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 130 (1923) 173. Bjerrum, N., Unmack, A., Zechmeister, L.: K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Mat. Fys. Medd. 5 (1924) 11. Nonhebel, G., Hartley, H.: Philos. Mag. 50 (1925) 729. Anderson, P.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48 (1926) 2285. Costeanu, G.J.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 197 (1926) 2285. Drucker, C., Luft, F.: Z. Phys. Chem. 121 (1926) 307. Drucker, C., Schingnitz, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. 122 (1926) 149. Lucasse, W.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48 (1926) 626. Müller, R.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 156 (1926) 65. Erdey-Gruz, T.: Z. Phys. Chem. 131 (1927) 81. Wolfenden, J.H., Wright, C.P., Rosskana, N.L., Buckley, P.S.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 23 (1927) 491. Koch, K.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50 (1928) 924. Woolcock, J.W., Hartley, H.: Philos. Mag. 5 (1928) 1133. Yoshida, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. 1 17 (1928) 1279. Buckley, P.S., Hartley, H.: Philos. Mag. 8 (1929) 320. Butler, J.A.V., Robertson, C.M.: Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 125 (1929) 694. Isaaks, G.F., Partington, J.R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 25 (1929) 53. Müller, R., Kreiner, F., Schmidt, H.J.: Monatsh. Chem. 53 (1929) 215. Müller, R., Schmidt, H.J.: Monatsh. Chem. 53 (1929) 224. Afanasiev, A.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 3477. Akerlöf, G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 2353. Partington, J.R., Simpson, H.G.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 26 (1930) 625. Partington, J.R., Simpson, H.G.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 26 (1930) 147. Hutchinson, A.W., Chandlee, G.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 2881. Hamilton, R.T., Butler, J.A.V.: Proc. R. Soc. London 138 (1932) 450. Ishikawa, F., Yoshida, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 21 (1932) 474. McFarlane, A., Hartley, H.: Philos. Mag. 13 (1932) 425. Bent, H.E., Gilfillan jr., E.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 3989. Trimble, H.M., Ebert, P.F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 958. Elliot, N., Yost, D.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1057. Gilfillan jr., E.S., Bent, H.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1661. Goodhue, L.D., Hixon, R.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1924. Ishikawa, F., Tachiki, K.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 23 (1934) 103. Ishikawa, F., Tachiki, K., Murooko, T.: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 1 23 (1934) 147. Müller, R., Kunzmüller, H., Pinter, E., von Seebach, B.: Monatsh. Chem. 63 (1934) 317. Harned, H.S., Morrison, J.O.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 1908. Harned, H.S., Donelson, J.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60 (1938) 2128. Harned, H.S., Calmon, C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60 (1938) 2130. Harned, H.S., Calmon, C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 1891. Harned, H.S., Dreby, E.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 3113.

R2 39Har5 39Har6 42Kan 42Pat 44Nob 46Cro 46Har 46Kan 46Kni 47Moo 50Cro2 50Cro3 51Sed 52Koe 53Eva 54Eve 54Har 54Muk 58Man 61Ive

Harned, H.S., Walker, F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 48. Harned, H.S., Fallon, L.D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 2377. Kanning, E.W., Campbell, A.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64 (1942) 1672. Patterson, A., Felsing, W.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64 (1942) 1480. Noble, M.V., Garret, A.B.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 66 (1944) 231. Crockford, H.D., Wideman, S.A.: J. Phys. Chem. 50 (1946) 418. Harned, H.S., Nestler, F.H.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (1946) 665. Kanning, E.W., Bowman, M.G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (1946) 2042. Knight, S.B., Mason, J.F., Roesel, D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (1946) 661. Moore, R.L., Felsing, W.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69 (1947) 1076. Crockford, H.D., Knight, S.B., Staton, H.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 (1950) 2164. Crockford, H.D., Land, J.E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 (1950) 1895. Sedlet, J., De Vries, T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73 (1951) 5808. Koerber, G.G., de Vries, T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 5008. Evans, J.I., Monk, C.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 49 (1953) 415. Everett, D.M., Rasmussen, S.E.: J. Chem. Soc. (1954) 2812. Harned, H.S., Allen, D.S.: J. Phys. Chem. 58 (1954) 191. Mukherjee, L.M.: J. Phys. Chem. 58 (1954) 1042. Mandel, M., Decroly, P.: Nature (London) 182 (1958) 794. Ives, D.J.G., Janz, G.J.: Reference Electrodes, New York: Academic Press, 1961.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

152

2 Cell voltages

Table 2.3. Cell voltages with molten salt electrolyte systems. 1) Cell composition 2) Aluminum (Al) AlŇNaCl, 13.74 wt%, KCl, 8.85 wt%, AlCl3, 77.41 wt%ŇCl2, 720.5 Torr, C

Bismuth (Bi) BiŇBiCl3, KCl, LiClŇBixAu, x=0.3192 (dU/dT=0.075·10–3 V/°C) BiŇBiCl3, KCl, LiClŇBixAu, x=0.4475 (dU/dT=0.0335·10–3 V/°C) BiŇBiCl3, KCl, LiClŇBixAu, x=0.5125 (dU/dT=0.0268·10–3 V/°C) BiŇBiCl3, KCl, LiClŇBixAu, x=0.6015 (dU/dT=0.0183·10–3 V/°C) BiŇBiCl3, KCl, LiClŇBixAu, x=0.7483 (dU/dT=0.0088·10–3 V/°C) BiŇBiCl3, KCl, LiClŇBixAu, x=0.8926 (dU/dT=0.0044·10–3 V/°C) Cadmium (Cd) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.158 (dU/dT= –0.258·10–3 V/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.227 (dU/dT=0.031·10–3 V/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.241 (dU/dT=0.007 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.326 (dU/dT= –0.013 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.418 (dU/dT= –0.063 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.440 (dU/dT= –0.099 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.493 (dU/dT= –0.110 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.555 (dU/dT= –0.003 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.599 (dU/dT= –0.095 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.698 (dU/dT= –0.116 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.664 (dU/dT= –0.0060 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.714 (dU/dT= –0.0113 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxAu, x=0.763 (dU/dT=0.017 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxBi, x=0.1134 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxBi, x=0.1134 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxBi, x=0.282 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxBi, x=0.282 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxBi, x=0.472 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxBi, x=0.472 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxBi, x=0.864 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxBi, x=0.864 CdŇCdCl2, 4-5%, KCl, LiClŇCdxCu, x=0.463 CdŇCdCl2, 4-5%, KCl, LiClŇCdxCu, x=0.507 CdŇCdCl2, 4-5%, KCl, LiClŇCdxCu, x=0.599 CdŇCdCl2, 4-5%, KCl, LiClŇCdxCu, x=0.662 CdŇCdCl2, 4-5%, KCl, LiClŇCdxCu, x=0.782 CdŇCdCl2, 4-5%, KCl, LiClŇCdxCu, x=0.859 CdŇCdCl2, 4-5%, KCl, LiClŇCdxCu, x=0.915 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxPb, x=0.155

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

96 102 124 135 166 196 220

2.092 2.084 2.070 2.062 2.039 2.001 1.975

33Tre 33Tre 33Tre 33Tre 33Tre 33Tre 33Tre

600 600 600 600 600 600

0.0357 0.02115 0.01788 0.01343 0.00743 0.00301

51Kle 51Kle 51Kle 51Kle 51Kle 51Kle

602 602 602 602 602 602 602 602 602 602 602 602 602 422 528 422 528 422 528 422 528 602 602 602 602 602 602 602 436

0.2222 0.2112 0.2097 0.1627 0.1531 0.1501 0.1283 0.0518 0.0448 0.0408 0.0432 0.0372 0.0060 0.0673 0.0789 0.0416 0.0509 0.0257 0.0305 0.0039 0.0043 0.0269 0.023 0.0155 0.0120 0.0073 0.00460 0.00328 0.0155

32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 32Öla 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 54Ric 54Ric 54Ric 54Ric 54Ric 54Ric 54Ric 23Tay

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxPb, x=0.401 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxPb, x=0.584 CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxPb, x=0.786 CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.1095, x2/x3=0.1974 (dU/dT=0.1052 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.1995, x2/x3=0.1974 (dU/dT=0.0780 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.3143, x2/x3=0.1974 (dU/dT=0.0602 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.4199, x2/x3=0.1974 (dU/dT=0.0466 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.5699, x2/x3=0.1974 (dU/dT=0.0291 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.6914, x2/x3=0.1974 (dU/dT=0.0219 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.8119, x2/x3=0.1974 (dU/dT=0.0123 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.9376, x2/x3=0.1974 (dU/dT=0.00351 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.1182, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.101 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.2333, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0769 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.4291, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0449 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.5523, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0377 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.6291, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0304 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.7793, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0115 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.8221, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0112 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Bix3, x1=0.9503, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.00245 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.0963, x2/x3=0.4480 (dU/dT=0.1036 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.2326, x2/x3=0.4936 (dU/dT=0.0654 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.3980, x2/x3=0.4894 (dU/dT=0.0454 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.4984, x2/x3=0.5009 (dU/dT=0.0403 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.5910, x2/x3=0.4932 (dU/dT=0.0320 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.6985, x2/x3=0.4480 (dU/dT=0.0231 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.8096, x2/x3=0.5075 (dU/dT=0.0135 mV/°C)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

153

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

436 436 436 500

0.0108 0.0073 0.00043 0.05079

23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 51Ell

500

0.03433

51Ell

500

0.02377

51Ell

500

0.01729

51Ell

500

0.01101

51Ell

500

0.00788

51Ell

500

0.00509

51Ell

500

0.00179

51Ell

500

0.05962

51Ell

500

0.03972

51Ell

500

0.02241

51Ell

500

0.01597

51Ell

500

0.01247

51Ell

500

0.00446

51Ell

500

0.00513

51Ell

500

0.00150

51Ell

500

0.09454

51Ell

500

0.06347

51Ell

500

0.04027

51Ell

500

0.02851

51Ell

500

0.02018

51Ell

500

0.01236

51Ell

500

0.00674

51Ell

154

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.9581, x2/x3=0.5258 (dU/dT=0.00262 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.0772, x2/x3=1.896 (dU/dT=0.0985 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.2497, x2/x3=1.932 (dU/dT=0.0677 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5% ,KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.3731, x2/x3=2.548 (dU/dT=0.0517 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.4926, x2/x3=1.846 (dU/dT=0.0396 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.5928, x2/x3=1.900 (dU/dT=0.0293 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.6758, x2/x3=2.188 (dU/dT=0.0220 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.8002, x2/x3=1.842 (dU/dT=0.0132 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Sbx3, x1=0.9498, x2/x3=1.789 (dU/dT=0.00270 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.0992, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.1138 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.2738, x2/x3=0.5079 (dU/dT=0.0680 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.4023, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0486 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.4983, x2/x3=0.4981 (dU/dT=0.0382 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.5966, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0288 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.6928, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0210 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.8042, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.0121 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.9055, x2/x3=0.5 (dU/dT=0.00512 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.9403, x2/x3=0.527 (dU/dT=0.00290 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.1067, x2/x3=2.0 (dU/dT=0.1138 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.2491, x2/x3=2.0 (dU/dT=0.0735 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.4041, x2/x3=2.0 (dU/dT=0.0484 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.5160, x2/x3=2.0 (dU/dT=0.0352 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.6078, x2/x3=2.0 (dU/dT=0.0268 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.6986, x2/x3=2.0 (dU/dT=0.0192 mV/°C)

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

500

0.00163

51Ell

500

0.07050

51Ell

500

0.04099

51Ell

500

0.02523

51Ell

500

0.01898

51Ell

500

0.01328

51Ell

500

0.00969

51Ell

500

0.00602

51Ell

500

0.00152

51Ell

500

0.0603

51Ell

500

0.03182

51Ell

500

0.02222

51Ell

500

0.01703

51Ell

500

0.01309

51Ell

500

0.00963

51Ell

500

0.00608

51Ell

500

0.00298

51Ell

500

0.00186

51Ell

500

0.05338

51Ell

500

0.03098

51Ell

500

0.01950

51Ell

500

0.01433

51Ell

500

0.01106

51Ell

500

0.00840

51Ell

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.7967, x2/x3=2.0 (dU/dT=0.0123 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.8930, x2/x3=2.14 (dU/dT=0.00627 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇCdx1Pbx2Snx3, x1=0.9546, x2/x3=2.0 (dU/dT=0.00243 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, KCl, LiClŇCdxSb, x=0.3444 (dU/dT = 46.7·10–3 mV/°C, 495
CdŇCdCl2, x=0.4, BaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.604 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.5, BaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.567 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.6, BaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.555 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.7, BaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.549 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.8, BaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.538 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.3, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.579 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.4, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.578 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.5, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5830 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.6, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5715 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.7, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.560 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.9, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.528 mV/°C) Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

155 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

500

0.00571

51Ell

500

0.00329

51Ell

500

0.00146

51Ell

480

0.06395

38Sel

480

0.05990

38Sel

480

0.05651

38Sel

480

0.05200

38Sel

480

0.03385

38Sel

480

0.02969

38Sel

480

0.01896

38Sel

480

0.01156

38Sel

480

0.00720

38Sel

480

0.00331

38Sel

430 585 430 585 430 585 430 585 600 650 700 750 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600

0.0578 0.0749 0.0292 0.0395 0.0129 0.0173 0.0051 0.0064 1.340 1.309 1.279 1.249 1.3323 1.3142 1.3001 1.2097 1.2874 1.5094 1.4522 1.4022 1.3775 1.3609 1.3405

23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 29Lor 29Lor 29Lor 29Lor 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1

156

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.3, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5010 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.4, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5720 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.5, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5638 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.6, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5518 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.7, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5553 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=0.8, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5438 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, x=1.0, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5684 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇPbxBi, x=0.1357 (dU/dT=0.0894 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇPbxBi, x=0.3333 (dU/dT=0.0474 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇPbxBi, x=0.5017 (dU/dT=0.0312 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇPbxBi, x=0.5791 (dU/dT=0.0223 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇPbxBi, x=0.9011 (dU/dT=0.00434 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇPbxSb, x=0.6902 (dU/dT=0.0173 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇPbxSb, x=0.7668 (dU/dT=0.0128 mV/°C) CdŇCdCl2, 5%, KCl, LiClŇPbxSb, x=0.8952 (dU/dT=0.0051 mV/°C) Lead (Pb) PbŇPbBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.200, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.210, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.288, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.392, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.486, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.604, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.704, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.794, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbBr2, x=0.902, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

600 600 600 600 600 600 600 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

1.4199 1.3978 1.3798 1.3597 1.3491 1.3436 1.3382 0.08608 0.04723 0.02960 0.02271 0.00357 0.01290 0.00908 0.00369

53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 53Lan1 51Ell 51Ell 51Ell 51Ell 51Ell 51Ell 51Ell 51Ell

400 450 500 550 400 450 500 400 450 500 400 450 500 400 450 500 400 450 500 400 450 500 400 450 500 400 450 500 400 450 500

1.0928 1.0624 1.0321 1.0017 1.1297 1.1045 1.0810 1.1268 1.1033 1.0798 1.1211 1.0956 1.0700 1.1155 1.0884 1.0613 1.1114 1.0832 1.0550 1.1058 1.0772 1.0487 1.1016 1.0726 1.0436 1.0986 1.0691 1.0396 1.0951 1.0652 1.0352

33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) PbŇPbBr2, x=1.0, ZnBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbCl2ŇCl2, C

PbŇPbCl2, x=0.450, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbCl2, x=0.500, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbCl2, x=0.600, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbCl2, x=0.800, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

157 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

400 450 500 500

1.0928 1.0624 1.0321 1.273 3)

550

1.275 1.244 3)

600

1.248 1.213 3)

650

1.221 1.183 3)

700

1.195 1.153 3)

750

1.168 1.121 3)

800

1.142 1.093 3)

450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550

1.115 1.1038 1.0768 1.0469 1.0959 1.0687 1.0415 1.0866 1.0593 1.0318 1.0736 1.0447 1.0156

33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 35Hol, 29Lor, 33Sal, 30Wac 53Lan1 35Hol, 29Lor, 33Sal, 30Wac 53Lan1 35Hol, 29Lor, 33Sal, 30Wac 53Lan1 35Hol, 29Lor, 33Sal, 30Wac 53Lan1 35Hol, 29Lor, 33Sal, 30Wac 53Lan1 35Hol, 29Lor, 33Sal, 30Wac 53Lan1 35Hol, 29Lor, 33Sal, 30Wac 53Lan1 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal

158

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) PbŇPbCl2, x=1.0, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

PbŇPbCl2, x=0.6, BaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.480 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.8, BaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.505 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.6, CaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.4935 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.8, CaCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5212 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.4, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5144 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.5, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5216 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.6, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5365 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.7, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5445 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.8, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5260 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.9, KClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5150 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.466, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5020 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.6625, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5126 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.840, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5235 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=1.0, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.531 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.50, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.492 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.60, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5050 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.75, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5245 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.9, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.5285 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.6, SrCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.446 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.8, SrCl2ŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.505 mV/°C) PbŇPbCl2, x=0.301, ZnCl2ŇCl2, C PbŇPbCl2, x=0.490, ZnCl2ŇCl2, C PbŇPbCl2, x=0.595, ZnCl2ŇCl2, C PbŇPbCl2, x=0.688, ZnCl2ŇCl2, C PbŇPbCl2, x=0.885, ZnCl2ŇCl2, C PbŇPbCl2, x=1.0, ZnCl2ŇCl2, C PbŇPbCl2, 5 wt%, KCl, LiClŇPbxAu, x=0.2135 (dU/dT=0.101·10–3 V/°C, 730
T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

450 500 550 700 700 700 700 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 700 700 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 600

1.0624 1.0321 1.0017 1.1919 1.1777 1.1860 1.1757 1.3506 1.3290 1.3133 1.3019 1.2851 1.2754 1.2980 1.2867 1.2800 1.2745 1.3021 1.2952 1.2876 1.2784 1.1877 1.1773 1.3315 1.2800 1.3095 1.2520 1.2990 1.2405 1.2905 1.2310 1.2800 1.2185 1.2730 1.2105 0.0912

30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 53Lan2 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 49Kle

600

0.06025

49Kle

600

0.04580

49Kle

600

0.03515

49Kle

600

0.02584

49Kle

600

0.01886

49Kle

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) PbŇPbCl2, 5 wt%, KCl, LiClŇPbxAu, x=0.8205 (dU/dT = 0.0083·10–3 V/°C, 450
MgŇMgCl2ŇCl2, C (U [V]=2.544–0.66·10–3 (T–718 °C), 660
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

159 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

600

0.00881

49Kle

600

0.000140

49Kle

700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 475

0.00532 0.01148 0.01929 0.02782 0.03594 0.04540 0.05976 0.08615 0.07956

36Sel 36Sel 36Sel 36Sel 36Sel 36Sel 36Sel 36Sel 39Sel

475

0.05848

39Sel

475

0.04068

39Sel

475

0.03225

39Sel

475

0.02452

39Sel

475

0.01682

39Sel

475

0.01194

39Sel

475

0.00767

39Sel

475

0.00463

39Sel

704 750 790 718

2.5120 2.4730 2.4460 2.544

29Lor 29Lor 29Lor 55Mar2

718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718

2.852 2.766 2.742 2.688 2.612 2.570 2.559 2.710 2.652 2.616 2.588 2.581

55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2

160

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.4, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.51 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.5, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.54 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.6, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.54 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.7, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.56 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=1.0, LiClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.66 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.222, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.535 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.242, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.584 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.323, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.545 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.403, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.60 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.559, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.524 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.343, RbClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.49 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.41, RbClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.50 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.477, RbClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.52 mV/°C) MgŇMgCl2, x=0.59, RbClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.61 mV/°C) MgxPb, x=at.frac.=1ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.617 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=1ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.709 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=1ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.895 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.697ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.288 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.697ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.358 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.697ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.479 MgPb, x=at.frac.=0.697ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.675 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.261ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.059 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.261ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.114 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.261ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.174 MgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.261ŇMgCl2ŇMgxPb, x=at.frac.=0.223 Silver (Ag) AgŇAgBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.3538, KBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.4502, KBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.6005, KBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.800, KBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=1.0, KBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.1100, LiBrŇBr2, C

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 718 680 680 680 680 680 680 680 680 680 680 680

2.567 2.556 2.550 2.547 2.544 2.692 2.682 2.641 2.613 2.571 2.795 2.718 2.669 2.590 0.050 0.031 0.010 0.0932 0.0784 0.0551 0.0125 0.0655 0.0400 0.0229 0.0134

55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 55Mar2 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag 32Wag

450 500 550 500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600

0.8010 0.7865 0.7720 0.8815 0.8727 0.8640 0.8588 0.8483 0.8374 0.8297 0.8177 0.8057 0.8016 0.7884 0.7753 0.7863 0.7720 0.7577 0.8686 0.8648 0.8610

32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 31Sal2 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) AgŇAgBr, x=0.2548, LiBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.4086, LiBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.5937, LiBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=1.0, LiBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.5130, NaBrŇBr2, C AgŇAgBr, x=0.6045, NaBrŇBr2, C AgŇAgBr, x=0.7486, NaBrŇBr2, C AgŇAgBr, x=1.0, NaBrŇBr2, C AgŇAgBr, x=0.00, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.10, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.20, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.30, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.40, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.50, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.60, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.70, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.80, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

161 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600 550 600 550 600 550 600 550 600 450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550 450 500 550

0.8301 0.8216 0.8128 0.8202 0.8100 0.7993 0.8085 0.7961 0.7836 0.7865 0.7720 0.7577 0.8088 0.7979 0.8002 0.7883 0.7877 0.7749 0.7720 0.7577 1.0624 1.0321 1.0017 0.9407 0.9352 0.9295 0.8976 0.8897 0.8818 0.8733 0.8637 0.8542 0.8580 0.8470 0.8358 0.8446 0.8328 0.8212 0.8336 0.8207 0.8078 0.8238 0.8106 0.7972 0.8149 0.8015 0.7882

30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 30Sal 31Sal1 31Sal1 31Sal1 31Sal1 31Sal1 31Sal1 31Sal1 31Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1

162 Cell composition 2) AgŇAgBr, x=1.0, PbBr2ŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.352, RbBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.467, RbBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.569, RbBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=0.747, RbBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgBr, x=1.0, RbBrŇBr2, C

AgŇAgClŇCl2, C

AgŇAgCl, x=0.136, LiClŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.252, LiClŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.469, LiClŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.573, LiClŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.690, LiClŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.804, LiClŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=1.0, LiClŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.10, PbCl2ŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.20, PbCl2ŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.30, PbCl2ŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.45, PbCl2ŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.60, PbCl2ŇCl2, C AgŇAgCl, x=0.80, PbCl2ŇCl2, C

2 Cell voltages T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

450 500 550 500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600 500 550 600 450 500 550 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600 500 600

0.8010 0.7865 0.7720 0.9040 0.8937 0.8833 0.8697 0.8582 0.8468 0.8398 0.8275 0.8151 0.8116 0.7986 0.7856 0.7865 0.7720 0.7577 0.9145 0.9001 0.8855 0.8709 0.9626 0.9497 0.9424 0.9260 0.9249 0.9038 0.9199 0.98965 0.9156 0.8901 0.9085 0.8816 0.9001 0.8709 1.0518 1.0424 1.0086 0.9930 0.9817 0.9631 0.9549 0.9329 0.9352 0.9107 0.9148 0.8878

32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal1 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 32Sal2 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 33Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 36Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal 34Sal Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

163

Cell composition 2)

T [°C]

U0 [V]

AgŇAgCl, x=1.0, PbCl2ŇCl2, C

500 600 1087 1087 1087 1087 1087 729
0.9001 34Sal 0.8709 34Sal 0.198 32Wag 0.114 32Wag 0.074 32Wag 0.045 32Wag 0.021 32Wag 5.6–0.023T 32Wag [mV] 18.02– 32Wag 0.0065T [mV] 17.2+ 32Wag 0.0243T [mV] 47.9+ 32Wag 0.0271T [mV] 69.7+ 32Wag 0.0452T [mV] 131.2+ 32Wag 0.0467T [mV]

AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.263 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.471 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.602 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.716 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.84 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.030 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.0910 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.250 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.400 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.500 AgŇAgCl, KClŇAgxAu, x=0.750 Thallium (Tl) TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxAu, x=0.382 (dU/dT=0.120 mV/°C) TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxAu, x=0.485 (dU/dT=0.0950 mV/°C) TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxAu, x=0.587 (dU/dT=0.0640 mV/°C) TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxAu, x=0.681 (dU/dT=0.0350 mV/°C) TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxAu, x=0.794 (dU/dT=0.0245 mV/°C) TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxAu, x=0.895 (dU/dT=0.0117 mV/°C) TlŇTlCl, MgCl2, KClŇTlxBi, x=0.205 TlŇTlCl, MgCl2, KClŇTlxBi, x=0.460 TlŇTlCl, MgCl2, KClŇTlxBi, x=0.585 TlŇTlCl, MgCl2, KClŇTlxBi, x=0.720 TlŇTlCl, MgCl2, KClŇTlxBi, x=0.826 TlŇTlCl, CH3COOK, CH3COONaŇTlxBi, x=0.086 TlŇTlCl, CH3COOK, CH3COONaŇTlxBi, x=0.154 TlŇTlCl, CH3COOK, CH3COONaŇTlxBi, x=0.239 TlŇTlCl, CH3COOK, CH3COONaŇTlxBi, x=0.352 TlŇTlCl, CH3COOK, CH3COONaŇTlxBi, x=0.733 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxPb, x=0.0454

TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxPb, x=0.0812

TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxPb, x=0.1316

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

600 600 600 600 600 600 481 481 481 481 481 271
Ref.

0.1042 0.04880 0.05460 0.03785 0.02050 0.00915 0.2240 0.1261 0.0900 0.0502 0.0194 0.219

51Kle 51Kle 51Kle 51Kle 51Kle 51Kle 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 32Wag

0.176

32Wag

0.147

32Wag

0.117

32Wag

0.028

32Wag

0.1840 0.2020 0.2122 0.1660 0.1777 0.1885 0.1413 0.1511 0.1597

29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil

164

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxPb, x=0.3079 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxPb, x=0.6087 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxPb, x=0.7653

TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxPb, x=0.8848 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxSn, x=0.0794

TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxSn, x=0.1242 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxSn, x=0.1502

TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxSn, x=0.2107 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxSn, x=0.3407 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxSn, x=0.3944 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxSn, x=0.5781 TlŇTlCl, LiCl, KClŇTlxSn, x=0.7128 Thorium (Th) ThŇThCl4, x=0.00825, NaCl, KCl(equimol.)ŇCl2, C ThŇThCl4, x=0.00789, NaCl, KCl(equimol.)ŇCl2, C ThŇThCl4, x=0.0171, NaCl, KCl(equimol.)ŇCl2, C ThŇKThF5, x=0.00623, NaCl, KCl(equimol.)ŇCl2, C ThŇKThF5, x=0.00868, NaCl, KCl(equimol.)ŇCl2, C ThŇKThF5, 0.8 wt%, SrCl2, KCl(equimol.)ŇCl2, C ThŇKThF5, 2.0 wt%, SrCl2, KCl(equimol.)ŇCl2, C Tin (Sn) SnŇSnCl2, KCl, LiClŇSnxAu, x=0.2589 SnŇSnCl2, KCl, LiClŇSnxAu, x=0.3596 SnŇSnCl2, KCl, LiClŇSnxAu, x=0.5091 SnŇSnCl2, KCl, LiClŇSnxAu, x=0.6815 SnŇSnCl2, KCl, LiClŇSnxAu, x=0.8125 SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.046 SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.095 SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.143 SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.189 SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.236

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

438 438 438 500 563 438 353 414 478 414 478 353 414 478 414 478 414 478 353 414 353 414 414 478

0.0865 0.0381 0.0180 0.0183 0.0192 0.0048 0.0893 0.1047 0.1217 0.0867 0.0979 0.0627 0.0756 0.0884 0.0629 0.0712 0.0422 0.0507 0.0301 0.0374 0.0172 0.0225 0.0157 0.0194

29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil 29Hil

730 730 730 743 743 747 747

2.64 2.61 2.58 2.67 2.63 2.49 2.47

59Dro 59Dro 59Dro 59Dro 59Dro 59Dro 59Dro

500 500 500 500 500 329
0.1898 0.1317 0.0690 0.02765 0.01116 0.0762

50Kle 50Kle 50Kle 50Kle 50Kle 32Wag

0.0585

32Wag

0.0479

32Wag

0.0406

32Wag

0.0351

32Wag

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages Cell composition 2) SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.292 SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.367 SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.453 SnŇSnCl2ŇSnxBi, x=0.549 Zinc (Zn) ZnŇZnBr2ŇBr2, C

ZnŇZnCl2ŇCl2, C

ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.4, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.561 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.5, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.572 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.6, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.644 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.7, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.710 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.8, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.707 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.9, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.714 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.5, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.624 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.6, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.683 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.7, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.700 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.8, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.700 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=0.9, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.708 mV/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, x=1.0, NaClŇCl2, C (dU/dT= –0.697 mV/°C) ZnŇLiCl, KCl, ZnCl2ŇZnxCd, x=0.150 ZnŇLiCl, KCl, ZnCl2ŇZnxCd, x=0.344 ZnŇLiCl, KCl, ZnCl2ŇZnxCd, x=0.536 ZnŇLiCl, KCl, ZnCl2ŇZnxCd, x=0.690 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.042 (dU/dT=0.1574·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.150 (dU/dT=0.1001·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.260 (dU/dT=0.0720·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.370 (dU/dT=0.0565·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.480 (dU/dT=0.0500·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.590 (dU/dT=0.0363·10–3 V/°C) Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

165 T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

329
0.0302

32Wag

0.0248

32Wag

0.0198

32Wag

0.0151

32Wag

400

1.3382

450

1.3041

500

1.270

417.8 450 500 550 600 650 700 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 436 572 436 572 436 572 436 572 488.2 488.2 488.2 488.2 488.2 488.2

1.611 1.607 1.572 1.537 1.503 1.468 1.433 1.7003 1.6398 1.6032 1.5853 1.5751 1.5721 1.6163 1.5981 1.5787 1.5723 1.5695 1.5635 0.0275 0.0396 0.0136 0.0200 0.0083 0.0126 0.0058 0.0080 0.0932 0.0530 0.0367 0.0268 0.0200 0.0146

33Sal, 30Wac 33Sal, 30Wac 33Sal, 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 30Wac 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 54Lan 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 55Gen 55Gen 55Gen 55Gen 55Gen 55Gen

166

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition 2) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.697 (dU/dT=0.0264·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.775 (dU/dT=0.0167·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.841 (dU/dT=0.0082·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.910 (dU/dT=0.0054·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxGa, x=0.957 (dU/dT=0.0033·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.097 (dU/dT=0.1361·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.161 (dU/dT=0.1096·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.255 (dU/dT=0.0862·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.361 (dU/dT=0.0665·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.463 (dU/dT=0.0498·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.579 (dU/dT=0.0371·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.687 (dU/dT=0.0255·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.767 (dU/dT=0.0180·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.840 (dU/dT=0.0125·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, 5 wt% in KCl+LiCl eutecticŇZnxSn, x=0.905 (dU/dT=0.0073·10–3 V/°C) ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxBi, x=0.0639 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxBi, x=0.1284 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxBi, x=0.5523 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxBi, x=0.7642 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxBi, x=0.9741 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxPb, x=0.0388 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxPb, x=0.1229 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxPb, x=0.2043 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxPb, x=0.5058 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxPb, x=0.8986 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxPb, x=0.9894 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxSn, x=0.221 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxSn, x=0.384 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxSn, x=0.583 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiClŇZnxSn, x=0.845 ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiCl, NaClŇZn10at%Sn90at%Sb0at% ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiCl, NaClŇZn8.33at%Sn75at%Sb16.67at% ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiCl, NaClŇZn6.25at%Sn56.25at%Sb37.5at% ZnŇZnCl2, KCl, LiCl, NaClŇZn5at%Sn45at%Sb50at%

T [°C]

U0 [V]

Ref.

488.2 488.2 488.2 488.2 488.2 476.8

0.0103 0.0077 0.0051 0.0030 0.00145 0.0554

55Gen 55Gen 55Gen 55Gen 55Gen 55Fio

476.8

0.0406

55Fio

476.8

0.0278

55Fio

476.8

0.0191

55Fio

476.8

0.0130

55Fio

476.8

0.00857

55Fio

476.8

0.00571

55Fio

476.8

0.00417

55Fio

476.8

0.00355

55Fio

476.8

0.00249

55Fio

600 600 600 600 600 653 653 653 653 653 653 431 572 431 572 431 572 431 572 600 600 600 600

0.0666 0.0428 0.00312 0.00101 0.00055 0.0487 0.0116 0.00126 0.00090 0.00080 0.00048 0.0267 0.0401 0.0138 0.0226 0.0065 0.0106 0.0024 0.0038 0.0805 0.0903 0.1218 0.1424

52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 52Kle 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 23Tay 54Ala 54Ala 54Ala 54Ala

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages 1

167

) Description of the cell composition is based - as far as possible - on the Stockholm convention (1953), i.e. the lefthand electrode constitutes the negative terminal of the cell. Cells are listed according to the metallic constituent of the electrode mentioned first which is involved in the electrode reaction establishing the respective electrode potential. Contact materials and conductive additives may be mentioned first before the actual element of interest only for the sake of correct materials sequence. The sequence of electrode components is stated as reported in the original publications. 2 ) Carbon electrodes as employed with e.g. halogens are designated as C only irrespective of the actual composition. 3 ) Average value of the quoted references.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 23Tay 29Hil 29Lor 30Sal 30Wac 31Sal1 31Sal2 32Sal1 32Sal2 32Wag 32Öla 33Sal 33Tre 34Sal 35Hol 36Sal 36Sel 38Sel 39Sel 49Kle 50Kle 51Ell 51Kle 52Kle 53Lan1 53Lan2 54Ala 54Lan 54Ric 55Fio 55Gen 55Mar2 59Dro

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Taylor, N.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 45 (1923) 2865. Hildebrand, J.H., Sharma, J.N.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51 (1929) 462. Lorenz, R., Velde H.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 183 (1929) 81. Salstrom, E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 4641; 4650. Wachter, A., Hildebrand, J.H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 4655. Salstrom, E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 1794. Salstrom, E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 3388. Salstrom, E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 2653. Salstrom, E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 4255. Wagner, C., Engelhardt, G.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 159 (1932) 241. Ölander, A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 3819. Salstrom, E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 1029; 2426. Treadwell, W.D., Terebesi, L.: Helv. Chim. Acta 16 (1933) 931. Salstrom, E.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1272. Holub, L., Neubert, F., Sauerwald, F.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 174 (1935) 161. Salstrom, E., Kew, E.T., Powell, T.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 1848. Seltz, H., Strickler, H.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 (1936) 2084. Seltz, H., DeWitt, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60 (1938) 1305. Seltz, H., DeWitt, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939) 2594. Kleppa, O.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71 (1949) 3275. Kleppa, O.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 (1950) 3346. Elliot, J.F., Chipman, J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73 (1951) 2682. Kleppa, O.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73 (1951) 385. Kleppa, O.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 6052. Lantratov, M.F., Alabyshev, A.F.: Zh. Prikl. Khim. 26 (1953) 321; 353. Lantratov, M.F., Alabyshev, A.F.: Zh. Prikl. Khim. 26 (1953) 263. Alabyshev, A.F., Lantratov, M.F.: Zh. Prikl. Khim. 27 (1954) 851. Lantratov, M.F., Alabyshev, A.F.: Zh. Prikl. Khim. 27 (1954) 722. Riccoboni, L., Genta, V., Fiorani, M., Valenti, V.: Gazz. Chim. Ital. 84 (1954) 982. Fiorani, M., Valenti, V.: Gazz. Chim. Ital. 85 (1955) 607. Genta, V., Fiorini, M., Valenti, V.: Gazz. Chim. Ital. 85 (1955) 103. Markov, B.F., Delimarskii, Yu.K., Panchenko, I.D.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 29 (1955) 51. Drossbach, P., Neumayr, F.: Z. Elektrochem. 63 (1959) 516.

168

2 Cell voltages

Table 2.4. Cell voltages with solid state electrolyte systems. 1) T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Cell composition Aluminum (Al) AlŇAl2O3ŇĮ- and ȕ-aluminaŇNbOŇNb (UT±0.00007 [V]=0.8209–0.00016400 T, 795
Ref.

850 K 0.6806

96Sub

840 K 0.6822

97Sub2

800 K 0.2977

02Sub

900 K 0.07642

96Swa1

900 K 0.07642

01Swa

800 K 0.37226

92Pan

800 K 0.00486

96Swa2

800 K 0.8182

86Aza

1000 K 0.733

86Aza

600 K 0.57165

87Pan

900 K 0.1454

91Aza2

1200 K 0.10443

96Pan

1100 K 0.74498

89Pan3

800 K 0.24486

95Mal1

800 K 0.28408

95Mal1

800 K 0.39194

95Mal1

900 K 0.03305

91Aza2

800 K 0.08387

94Mal1

900 K 0.26136

94Mal1

800 K 0.44029

94Mal1

2

(UT±0.00291 [V]=0.59412–0.00043657 T, 756
(UT±0.00243 [V]=0.52915–0.00030634 T, 797
Pt, O2, BaZrO3, ZrO2, BaF2ŇCaF2ŇBaF2, Y2BaCuO5, Y2Cu2O5, CuO, O2, Pt (UT±0.0009 [V]= –0.2248+0.000286507199 T, 853
(UT±0.00113 [V]=0.88504–0.00060593 T, 772
2 Cell voltages

169

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Cell composition Pt, O2, Bi2Cu2O5, Bi2CuO4, CuF2ŇCaF2ŇCuF2, Bi2CuO4, Bi4CuO7, O2, Pt, pO = 1 atm (UT±0.00212 [V]=0.13015–0.00011476 T, 662
Ref.

800 K 0.00383

94Mal1

600 °C 0.1228 650 °C 0.1243 700 °C 0.1265

30Opp 30Opp 30Opp

900 K 0.02143

02Sub

900 K 0.86722

97Sre

1100 K 0.06150

97Sre

2

Cadmium (Cd) CdŇCdCl2ŒPbCl2ŇPb

Carbon (C) Pt, O2, CO2, Na2CO3ŇNa-ȕ"-aluminaŇNa2ZrO3, ZrO2, O2, Pt (UT±0.004 [V]= –0.2024+0.0002487 T, 850
900 K 0.8673

97Pan2

1100 K 0.06155

97Pan2

1100 K 0.23677

92Mal

1000 K 0.017

87Aza2

1000 K 0.0547

87Aza2

900 K 0.70509

88Aza

900 K 0.70509

87Aza1

900 K 0.70509

87Aza1

800 K 0.5066

99Swa1

900 K 0.15528

89Aza1

900 K 0.21501

89Aza1

800 K 0.22222

89Aza1

700 K 0.01218

85Pan

900 K 0.61980

84Sre1

2

(UT±0.0005 [V]=0.87425–0.00045952 T, 770
(UT±0.0014 [V]=0.33003–0.00045406 T, 626
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

170

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

Cr2O3ŇRb2CrO4ŇRb3CrO4ŇO2(air), Pt (UT±0.00257 [V]=1.2168–0.00050062 T, 798
1000 K 0.71728

94Pan

1000 K 0.07873

94Pan

1000 K 0.1349

84Bha

1000 K 0.8211

86Sre1

1323 K 0.0965

75Ram

1000 K 0.1494

86Sre1

1000 K 0.0280

86Sre1

900 K 0.74702

96Swa1

900 K 0.74702

01Swa

900 K 0.57235

01Swa

900 K 0.57235

96Swa1

1100 K 0.11577

90Mal2

1000 K 0.4558

97Sub3

942.5 K 0.2647 985 K 0.1173 1000 K 0.5163

90Mal2 90Mal2 97Sre

1000 K 0.5163

97Sub3

1200 K 0.3804

96Pan

800 K 0.35656

89Pan1

1100 K 0.17084

96Pan

1100 K 0.230

97Sre

1050 K 0.12732

97Sre

800 K 0.24531

96Pan

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

171 T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Cell composition

Ref.

Germanium (Ge) Ge⏐GeO2(tetragonal)⏐O2, p O = 0.0001 atm

850 K 1.0696

79Sre

(UT±0.003 [V]=1.4805–0.00048342 T, 800
850 K 1.0541

79Sre

2

2

(UT±0.003 [V]=1.4247–0.00043599 T, 810
1000 K 0.7193

90Pan2

800 K 0.2388

85Mal

1015 K 0.5967

75Ram

1087 K 0.313

75Ram

800 K 0.35484

88Aza

800 K 0.35484

87Aza1

800 K 0.35484

87Aza1

1206 K 0.11172 1323 K 0.1965

01Mal 75Ram

1323 K 0.2966

75Ram

750 K 1.1219

86Mal2

800 K 1.0671

86Mal2

1100 K 0.03441

86Sre2

800 K 0.676

03Swa

800 K 0.577

03Swa

1000 K 0.7349

84Sre2

900 K 0.0696

91Aza1

2

(UT±0.00022=1.010–0.0004172 T [V], 771
(UT±0.00046 [V]=0.8701–0.0003665 T; UT±0.00031 [V]=0.8093–0.0002992 T, 787
(UT±0.0037 [V]=1.1675–0.0004326 T, 973
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

172

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Pt, MnO, LaMnO3, La2O3Ň15YSZŇO2, Pt 5), pO = 0.001 atm

T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

1100 K 0.8625

83Sre1

900 K 0.1470

90Aza2

900 K 0.3593

95Pan2

1000 K 0.5114

95Pan2

1000 K 0.0701

03Sub1

1000 K 0.00328

03Sub1

2

(UT±0.0042 [V]=1.7402–0.0007979 T, 1064
PbŇPbCl2ŇglassŇPbCl2ŇCl2, C

PbŇPbCl2, KClŇglassŇPbCl2, KClŇCl2, C

PbŇPbCl2ŒCdCl2, PbCl2, x=0.1ŇPb PbŇPbCl2ŒCdCl2, PbCl2, x=0.176ŇPb PbŇPbCl2ŒCdCl2, PbCl2, x=0.25ŇPb PbŇPbCl2ŒCdCl2, PbCl2, x=0.45ŇPb PbŇPbCl2ŒCdCl2, PbCl2, x=0.75ŇPb PbŇPbCl2, KCl, 2:1ŒPbCl2ŇPb

PbŇPbCl2, KClŒPbCl2ŇPb

PbŇPbCl2, KCl, 2:1ŇglassŇPbCl2, KCl, 2:1ŇCl2, C

PbŇPbCl2, KClŇglassŇAgClŇAg

PbŇPbCl2, KClŇglassŇAgClŇAg

516 °C 566 °C 616 °C 515 °C 555 °C 595 °C 635 °C 410 °C 460 °C 510 °C 560 °C 630 °C 570 °C 570 °C 570 °C 570 °C 570 °C 490 °C 540 °C 630 °C 470 °C 520 °C 580 °C 630 °C 426 °C 476 °C 526 °C 576 °C 626 °C 430 °C 480 °C 530 °C 630 °C

1.093 1.057 1.111 1.235 1.217 1.188 1.168 1.387 1.358 1.332 1.306 1.270 0.0597 0.0412 0.0373 0.0322 0.0130 0.027 0.034 0.048 0.047 0.065 0.072 0.079 1.346 1.315 1.288 1.260 1.234 0.673 0.622 0.619 0.616

34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition PbŇPbCl2, KCl, 2:1ŇglassŇAgClŇAg

Pb(liquid)⏐PbO⏐O2(air) (UT±0.00093 [V]=1.1019–0.00051324 T, 767
MgŇMgCl2ŒTlClŇTl MgU2O6⏐MgU2O6.67⏐O2(air) (UT±0.01219 [V]=1.1189–0.00077878 T, 779
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

173 T [K, °C] U0 [V] 426 °C 476 °C 526 °C 626 °C 850 K

Ref.

0.635 0.536 0.510 0.511 1.2066

34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 95Mal2

750 K 0.0412

95Mal2

900 K 1.1101

91Jac

900 K 0.7623

91Jac

900 K 0.51847

91Jac

900 K 0.7952

84Bha

900 K 0.9163

84Bha

720 °C 750 °C 720 °C 750 °C 720 °C 740 °C 760 °C 720 °C 750 °C 850 K

0.869 0.891 0.964 0.996 1.078 1.103 1.121 0.530 0.517 0.45694

28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 89Mad

850 K 0.82157

89Mad

850 K 0.58374

89Mad

900 K 1.0406

88Aza

900 K 0.03090

90Mal1

800 K 0.49461

88Pan1

1100 K 0.39271

88Pan1

900 K 0.02429

90Mal1

174

2 Cell voltages T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Cell composition MoTe2(Į)ŇTe(solid or liquid), MoO2⏐O2(air), Pt (UT±0.0044 [V]=1.3571–0.00059357 T, 654
Ref.

700 K 0.94160

88Mal

800 K 0.115

03Swa

1100 K 0.3172

98Sub2

1150 K 0.2587

98Sub2

1100 K 0.2252

98Sub2

1150 K 0.1773

98Sub2

1150 K 0.1508

98Sub2

1200 K 0.05518

76Sre

1000 K 0.0116

87Aza2

1000 K 0.284

75Ram

1161 K 0.2196

72Sre

1318 K 0.2342

72Sre

900 K 0.55454

96Swa2

900 K 0.43485

91Mal2

900 K 0.16141

91Mal2

0.00486

99Swa2

0.4991

99Swa2

1100 K 0.0369

97Sub2

1100 K 0.2874

97Sub2

2

(UT±0.0003 [V]=1.0535–0.0005544 T, 894
900 K 0.08069

01Mal

2

(UT±0.0026 [V]= –0.0022+0.0000921 T, 788
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

Cell composition Palladium (Pd) PdŇPdOŇ15YSZŇO2(air) 5) (UT±0.00142 [V]=0.5845–0.00055090 T, 699
AgŇAgClŇfels glassŇAgClŇCl2, C

AgŇAgClŇglassŇPbCl2ŇCl2, C

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

175 T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Ref.

800 K 0.14378

83Mal

900 K 0.34171

86Mal3

1100 K 0.04063

97Sre

1100 K 0.60586

97Pan1

900 K 0.19770

85Mal

1100 K 0.35095

91Mal1

1100 K 0.001555

92Mal

1100 K 0.29513

90Mal2

1100 K 0.56478

93Mal

1000 K 0.57601

93Mal

1000 K 0.59174

93Mal

1100 K 0.2609

90Mal2

1100 K 0.0958

97Sre

1100 K 0.230

97Sub3

1050 K 0.1273

97Sub3

1000 K 0.1461

97Sub3

1000 K 0.05840

98Sub1

480 °C 530 °C 630 °C 614 °C 664 °C 704 °C 520 °C 570 °C 630 °C

0.895 0.882 0.857 0.870 0.867 0.866 1.113 1.119 1.128

34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru 34Gru

176

2 Cell voltages T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Cell composition Sodium (Na) Pt, NaCrO2, Cr, Cr2O3, NaFŇCaF2ŇCo, CoF2, Pt (UT±0.0055 [V]=0.7458–0.0003613 T, 782
Ref.

900 K 1.0707

84Bha

900 K 1.160

84Bha

900 K 0.17627

83Sre2

1000 K 0.03270

97Sre

1000 K 0.3996

02Sub

800 K 0.6862

02Sub

1000 K 0.07448

02Aru

1000 K 0.0224

03Sub1

1000 K 0.06176

01Aru

900 K 0.03931

01Aru

1000 K 0.04701

01Aru

900 K 0.05973

01Aru

900 K 0.01925

01Aru

897 K 0.045 986 K 0.0504

01Aru 01Aru

1200 K 0.19794

97Sub1

1000 K 0.0440

96Sub

700 K 0.75893 600 K 0.54377 800 K 0.44053

86Mal1 86Mal1 86Mal1

800 K 0.11213

89Mal

(UT±0.00214 [V]=0.52270–0.00051321 T, 643
800 K 0.11213

89Mal

(UT±0.00214 [V]=0.52270–0.00051321 T, 643
800 K 0.11515

89Mal

2

2

2

(UT±0.00357 [V]=0.50725–0.00049013 T, 555
Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2 Cell voltages

177 T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Cell composition

Ref.

Pt, C, [Te]Pd-Te25at%, TeO2Ň15YSZŇO2, Pt 5), p O = 0.21 atm

800 K 0.11448

89Mal

(UT±0.00261 [V]=0.54414–0.00053707 T, 612
800 K 0.11736

89Mal

(UT±0.00218 [V]=0.52717–0.00051226 T, 632
800 K 0.17782

89Mal

(UT±0.00225 [V]=0.53393–0.00052167 T, 540
800 K 0.29305

89Mal

(UT±0.00175 [V]=0.69491–0.00050120 T, 578
800 K 0.32583

89Mal

(UT±0.00304 [V]=0.57359–0.00030970 T, 584
800 K 0.32179

89Mal

(UT±0.00138 [V]=0.71316–0.00048921 T, 546
800 K 0.32699

89Mal

(UT±0.00217 [V]=0.66947–0.00042809 T, 547
800 K 0.33893

89Mal

500 °C 600 °C 440 °C 460 °C 480 °C 550 °C 500 °C 600 °C

28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

(UT±0.00168 [V]=0.60155–0.00032827 T, 549
TlŇTlClŒKCl, LiClŒSnCl2ŇSn Thorium (Th) Pt, O2, ThO2-2mol%SrO, SrF2ŇSrF2ŇZrO2, SrZrO3, SrF2, O2, Pt (UT±0.0008 [V]= –0.0141+0.0000700 T, 678
0.365 0.404 0.378 0.386 0.395 0.403 0.367 0.382

750 K 0.0384

03Sub2

750 K 0.0704

03Sub2

750 K 0.0304

03Sub2

923 K 0.8802

01Mal

900 K 0.30989

87Swa

2

2

(UT±0.0043 [V]=0.7517–0.00049090 T, 776
178

2 Cell voltages T [K, °C] U0 [V]

Cell composition Yttrium (Y) YBa2Cu3O7–xŇO2(air), Pt (UT±0.0020 [V]=0.2982–0.00026787 T, 620
Ref.

700 K 0.11069

89Pan2

900 K 0.1419

90Aza1

900 K 0.00212

91Aza2

1100 K 0.12652

88Pan2

1100 K 0.71473

91Pan

2

(UT±0.00271 [V]=1.2886–0.00052170 T, 1015
0.2996

89Aza2

0.155 0.150 0.276 0.273 0.270 0.267 0.323 0.315 0.077 0.086 0.095 0.110

30Opp 30Opp 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor 28Lor

0.47575

94Mal2

0.0323

03Sub2

0.47463

90Pan1

1

) Description of the cell composition is based - as far as possible - on the Stockholm convention (1953), i.e. the lefthand electrode constitutes the negative terminal of the cell. Cells are listed according to the metallic constituent of the electrode mentioned first which is involved in the electrode reaction establishing the respective electrode potential. Contact materials and conductive additives may be mentioned first before the actual element of interest only for the sake of correct materials sequence. The sequence of electrode components is stated as reported in the original publications. When an oxygen electrode is used as reference electrode an oxygen partial pressure of 0.21 atm is assumed. 2 ) SS = stainless steel, inert separator (barrier) between Pt contact and electrode under investigation; 15CSZ = 15 wt% CaO-stabilized ZrO2. 3 ) SS = stainless steel, inert separator (barrier) between Pt contact and electrode under investigation. 4 ) 8YSZ = 8 wt% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2. 5 ) 15YSZ = 15 wt% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2. 6 ) 15CSZ = 15 mol% CaO-stabilized ZrO2. 7 ) 15YDT = 15 wt% yttria doped thoria. 8 ) 10CSZ = 10 mol% CaO-stabilized ZrO2.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 28Lor 30Opp 34Gru 72Sre 75Ram 76Sre 79Sre 83Mal 83Sre1 83Sre2 84Bha

84Sre1

84Sre2 85Mal 85Pan 86Aza 86Mal1 86Mal2 86Mal3 86Sre1 86Sre2 87Aza1 87Aza2 87Pan 87Swa 88Aza 88Mal 88Pan1 88Pan2 89Aza1 89Aza2 89Mad 89Mal 89Pan1 89Pan2 89Pan3 90Aza1 90Aza2 90Mal1 90Mal2 90Pan1

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Lorenz, R., Michael, F.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 137 (1928) 1. Oppenheimer, F.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 189 (1930) 297. Grube, G., Rau, A.: Z. Elektrochem. 40 (1934) 352. Sreedharan, O.M., Chandrasekharaiah, M.S.: Mater. Res. Bull. 7 (1972) 1135. Ramakrishnan, E.S., Sreedharan, O.M., Chandrasekharaiah, M.S.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 122 (1975) 328. Sreedharan, O.M., Chandrasekharaiah, M.S., Karkhanawala, M.D.: High Temp. Sci. 8 (1976) 179. Sreedharan, O.M., Athiappan, E., Pankajavalli, R., Gnanamoorthy, J.B.: J. Less-Common Met. 68 (1979) 143. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M., Gnanamoorthy, J.B.: J. Less-Common Met. 95 (1983) 213. Sreedharan, O.M., Pankajavalli, R., Gnanamoorthy, J.B.: High Temp. Sci. 16 (1983) 251. Sreedharan, O.M., Madan, B.S., Gnanamoorthy, J.B.: J. Nucl. Mater. 119 (1983) 296. Bhat, N.P., Swaminathan, K., Krishnamurthy, D., Sreedharan, O.M., Sundaresan, M.: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Liquid Metal Eng. and Technol., Oxford, 1984, Vol. 1, Brit. Nucl. Energ. Soc., London, p. 323. Sreedharan, O.M., Madan, B.S., Pankajavalli, R., Gnanamoorthy, J.B.: Proc. 3rd International Conference on Liquid Metal Engineering and Technology, Vol. 1, in: Energy Production, London, 1984, p. 249. Sreedharan, O.M., Pankajavalli, R.: J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 3 (1984) 388. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M., Chandrasekharaiah, M.S.: J. Less-Common Met. 107 (1985) 203. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M., Gnanamoorthy, J.B.: J. Nucl. Mater. 127 (1985) 170. Azad, A.M., Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 18 (1986) 255. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 18 (1986) 727. Mallika, C., Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 885. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 5 (1986) 915. Sreedharan, O.M., Mallika, C.: Mater. Chem. Phys. 14 (1986) 375. Sreedharan, O.M., Chandrasekharaiah, M.S.: J. Mater. Sci. 21 (1986) 2581. Azad, A.M., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Appl. Electrochem. 17 (1987) 949. Azad, A.M., Sreedharan, O.M.: Bull. Electrochem. 3 (1987) 331. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 177. Swaminathan, K., Mallika, C., Sreedharana, O.M.: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70 (1987) C-168. Azad, A.M., Sreedharan, O.M.: Trans. SAEST 23 (1988) 45. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 20 (1988) 769. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 20 (1988) 309. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 7 (1988) 714. Azad, A.M., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 167 (1989) 89. Azad, A.M., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 8 (1989) 67. Madan, B.S., Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M., Rodiguez, P., Paranjpe, S.R.: J. Nucl. Mater. 167 (1989) 278. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 167 (1989) 181. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 8 (1989) 225. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 8 (1989) 697. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: International Symposium on Thermochemistry and Chemical Processing, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 1989, p. 2. Azad, A.M., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 9 (1990) 304. Azad, A.M., Sudha, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Less-Common Met. 166 (1990) 57. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 170 (1990) 246. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Less-Common Met. 162 (1990) 51. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 172 (1990) 151.

R2 90Pan2 91Aza1 91Aza2 91Jac 91Mal1 91Mal2 91Pan 92Mal 92Pan 93Mal 94Mal1 94Mal2 94Pan 95Mal1 95Mal2 95Pan2 96Pan 96Sub 96Swa1 96Swa2 97Pan1 97Pan2 97Sre 97Sub1 97Sub2 97Sub3 98Sub1 98Sub2 99Swa1 99Swa2 01Aru 01Mal 01Swa 02Aru 02Sub 03Sub1 03Sub2 03Swa

Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 175 (1990) 194. Azad, A.M., Sudha, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: Mater. Res. Bull. 26 (1991) 97. Azad, A.M., Sreedharan, O.M., Jacob, K.T.: J. Mater. Sci. 26 (1991) 3374. Jacob, K.T., Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M.: Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 791. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 177 (1991) 273. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: Thermochim. Acta 190 (1991) 217. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Less-Common Met. 171 (1991) 249. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 186 (1992) 250. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: Natl. Workshop on Chemical Sensors, SAEST, Kalpakkam, IGCAR, 1992. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 191 (1993) 219. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 216 (1994) 47. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 211 (1994) 123. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M., Gnanamoorthy, J.B.: J. Nucl. Mater. 217 (1994) 104. Mallika, C., Rama Rao, G.V., Sreedharan, O.M., Varadaraju, U.V.: Mater. Sci. Eng. B 33 (1995) 96. Mallika, C., Sreedharan, O.M.: Mater. Lett. 22 (1995) 5. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: Mater. Lett. 24 (1995) 247. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. 31 (1996) 3137. Subasri, R., Sreedharan, O.M., Bhat, N.P.: Trans. SAEST 31 (1996) 59. Swaminathan, K., Jacob, K.T., Sreedharan, O.M.: 50th Annual Technical Meeting, Ind. Inst. Metals, New Delhi, 1996, B1-0-01. Swaminathan, K., Jacob, K.T., Sreedharan, O.M.: 50th Annual Technical Meeting, Ind. Inst. Metals, New Delhi, 1996, B1-P-03 Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: Proceedings of the Symposium on Localized Corrosion and Environmental Cracking, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 1979, C55. Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M., Gnanamoorthy, J.B.: J. Nucl. Mater. 250 (1997) 53. Sreedharan, O.M.: private communication, 1997. Subasri, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: Mater. Lett. 30 (1997) 289. Subasri, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: Solid State Ionics 93 (1997) 341. Subasri, R., Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: Physica C 281 (1997) 85. Subasri, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 274 (1998) 153. Subasri, R., Pankajavalli, R., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 269 (1998) 71. Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 275 (1999) 225. Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 292 (1999) 100. Arul Anthony, S., Swaminathan, K., Nagaraja, K.S., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 322 (2001) 113. Mallika, C., Edwin Suresh Raj, A.M., Nagaraja, K.S., Sreedharan, O.M.: Thermochim. Acta 371 (2001) 95. Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Mater. Sci. 36 (2001) 1031. Arul Antony, S., Pankajavalli, R., Nagaraja, K.S., Sreedharan, O.M.: Mater. Lett. 57 (2002) 469. Subasri, R., Mathews, T., Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 300 (2002) 237. Subasri, R., Mathews, T., Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 354 (2003) 193. Subasri, R., Mallika, C., Mathews, T., Sastry, V.S., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Nucl. Mater. 312 (2003) 249. Swaminathan, K., Sreedharan, O.M.: J. Alloys Compounds 358 (2003) 48.

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3.1 Thermodynamics of an electrode in contact with an electrolyte solution When a metal used as an electrode 1) is brought into contact with an ion-containing electrolyte solution or a molten salt acting as a liquid electrolyte, a double layer is established at the phase boundary (c.f. chapter 1, [10Gou1, 10Gou2] for reviews see [86Tra, 86Vor, 97Kor, 99Rit]). Depending on the ratio of the electrochemical potentials of the involved species (ions, electrons etc.) in both phases starting from the initially present nonequilibrium the composition of both phases at the interface is changed by dissolution or deposition of metal atoms until equilibrium is reached. This results in an excess charge on the metal compensated by an excess charge of ions of the opposite charge on the solution side in close distance to the electrode (i.e. inside the double layer). In case of electrode/solution systems where no such charge transfer is possible the unequal charge distribution will be established without metal dissolution or deposition. The local electroneutrality in the double layer results in an uneven distribution of the ions in the solution phase; nevertheless electroneutrality in the solution remains unchanged. The charge qm on the metal is thus proportional to the excess of ions in the double layer according to q m =− F

¦Γ zi i

with zi

i

being the ionic charge number, F the Faraday constant and Γi the surface excess. The charge qm on the metal is equal to the charge – qs on the solution side with opposite sign qm = –qs. Assuming an ideally polarizable interface, i.e. an electrode where no charge transfer occurs upon immersion into the solution, the Gibbs adsorption isotherm can be written at constant pressure and temperature, ds=− q m d E +

¦Γ i dm i . i

§ ∂σ · = − qm with μi being the chemical potential of ¸ © ∂E ¹T, p, ȝi

The excess charge density on the metal is thus ¨

species i, E the electrode potential and σ the interfacial tension. The interfacial tension can be measured as a function of the electrode potential by using a suitable reference electrode. The potential, where

§ ∂σ · = 0 ,corresponds to the situation, where there is no excess charge on the electrode, the value ¨ ∂E ¸ © ¹T, p, ȝi of the electrode potential is called potential of zero charge Epzc (this term was introduced 1928 [28Fru2]). If it is assumed, that there are no specific interactions between molecules or any other species dissolved in the electrolyte solution and the metal surface, the corresponding electrode potential should be called 1) The

term „electrode“ is used primarily to designate an electronically (electron or hole) conducting material. According to W. Nernst the term „electrode“ should be used to name an electronically conducting materal in combination with a specific ionically conducting material. Although this definition is convincing it is not generally accepted. Thus within this chapter „electrode“ will be used in the generally accepted meaning.

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differently, according to [63Ant, 66Lor] EN. Although this distinction is certainly valid, most values reported below have not been discussed explicitly having this distinction in mind. A similar complication caused by the specific adsorption or chemisorption of oxygen and in particular hydrogen (at e.g. platinum group metals) has been discussed extensively by Frumkin and Petrii resulting in the definition of the potentials of zero total charge and zero free charge Epztc and Epzfc [75Fru]; see also [70Fru]; for a review see [99Tra]. Nevertheless most values have been determined under conditions, where these interactions (i.e. chemisorption of hydrogen in particular) are unlikely, thus Epzfc is termed generally Epzc. At first glance Epzc may be considered as a specific property of the metal alone like e.g. the electronic work function of a metal at the vacuum/metal interface. Since the properties of the ionic species in the solution have to be taken into account, also the actual value of Epzc depends on the composition of the solution. The conceivable relationship between Epzc and the work function has been discussed [53Vas, 68Boc1, 71Tra, 77Tra, 76Ard] as well as the general importance of the electron work function in electrochemistry [77Tra]. Particular attention has been paid to these relationships for selected metals with different crystallographic orientations and all other parameters kept unchanged [82Lec]. It was observed, that an increase in the density of atoms in the topmost layer, which is accompanied by an increase in the relative surface energy, corresponds to a more positive value of Epzc. General trends between crystal face orientation and interfacial parameters have been considered [88Bor2, 92Tra2, 99Tra]. A relationship between the enthalpy ΔH of the metal lattice, the free heat content and Epzc has been derived [62Kho]. Further relations between material properties like density, atomic weight etc. and Epzc have been discussed [55Uks2], a more general review of relationships between the nature of the metal surface and the value of Epzc has been given elsewhere [67Fru]. Correlations between the passivation potential and Epzc have been reviewed with particular attention to iron alloys and their components [67Gri1]. Attempts have been made to compare values of Epzc with surface charge-potential information deduced from work function-composition data for the respective metallic surfaces as obtained with ultra-high vacuum surface analytical techniques (electrode emersion) and charge displacement data obtained during CO adsorption. A comparison focussing on the Pt(111) surface has been reported [98Wea]. Despite the considerable uncertainties seemingly involved in this approach these data are included in the following tables. The influence of the temperature on the value of Epzc has been discussed in detail [56Ran, 57Gra, 66But1, 72Pan1, 87Bac, 88Ham, 90Sil, 96Sil, 99Tra]. It is related to the structure of the electrochemical double layer, in particular to the extent of specific anion adsorption. With molten salt electrolytes the temperature dependence of values of the Epzc has been attributed to shifts of the reference electrode potential [66Pri]. The influence of the pH-value on Epzc has been discussed in detail [56Khe, 57Khe] The relationship between Epzc and the kinetics of electrode processes, in particular the rate of the electron transfer in electrochemical reactions, has been pointed out [55Fru]. It has been the basis for a method to determine the value of Epzc. The influence of the surface roughness important in particular at solid metal electrodes has been discussed extensively together with a listing of suitable methods for surface roughness determination [99Tra]. The influence of steps and kinks on values of Epzc has been discussed based on a theoretical model [03Iba]. A review of recent progress in the understanding of Epzc has been provided elsewhere [99Tra], numerous listings of values of Epzc have been published starting with [33Fru]. Apparently no comprehensive review of data has been published after [69Per], more recently only a selective review has been published [99Tra]. Relationships between exchange current densities and Epzc have been discussed [70Khe].

3.2 Determination of the electrode potential of zero charge Various methods have been employed for the determination of Epzc of liquid and solid metals. Besides purely electrochemical ones (e.g. measurement of the differential double layer capacity (see also chapter 4.2)) further techniques have been used for the investigation of the surface tension at the solid/electrolyte solution phase boundary. The employed methods can be grouped into several families based on the meas-

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urement principle employed. Various methods are aimed at determining the interfacial tension or its change. They are generally regarded as electrocapillary methods. A small group of methods particularly often employed in studies of solid electrode materials employs the measurement of the interfacial capacity of the electrochemical double layer; they are summarized as capacitance methods. A broad variety of methods is based on measurements made during exposure of a fresh electrode surface to the electrolyte solution or molten electrolyte. These methods are briefly reviewed in the following section. Further details and more thorough reviews can be found in the literature [55Fru, 67Arg, 69Per, 72Con, 72Pay, 79Fru, 80Fru]. Electrocapillary and surface tension methods The interfacial tension of an electrode surface being in contact with an electrolyte solution or molten electrolyte is related to the electrode potential and the charge on the electrode in a direct way:

dγ = −q dE − ¦ ī i dμi = −σ dE − RT i

¦ ī d ln a i

(3.1)

i

with γ being the surface tension, q = σ the (surface) charge density, ai the chemical potential of component i. This makes measurements of the interfacial tension of liquid electrodes an attractive route towards the knowledge of Epzc. Based on experimental evidence [96Hai, 97Iba1, 97Iba2, 98Hai] it has been pointed out, that interfacial tension and surface stress should not be regarded as equal [98Lip, 00Sie] (see also [99Tra]). Consequently measurements of surface stress employed to identify Epzc should be considered with care. Since this debate is still open, no critical evaluation of the respective data collected in the tables is attempted. Electrocapillary curves For a liquid metal in particular the value of Epzc can be measured most precisely by identifying the electrode potential, where no current flows during a change of the electrode surface area. This requires the absence of any Faradaic reaction causing a charge transfer at an appreciable rate in the investigated range of electrode potentials. Electrocapillary curves, i.e. relationships between the surface tension γ and the electrode potential E, can be obtained most directly with a capillary electrometer as described originally by Lippmann [73Lip, 75Lip], for a thorough review see [28Fru3, 47Gra]. With this instrument the electrolyte solution/electrode interface is made inside a thin capillary tube. The height of the metal column necessary to maintain the phase boundary at a given level is proportional to the interfacial tension. Calibration is performed by using solutions of known properties. Since the value of Epzc is directly related to the maximum of the electrocapillary curve, calibration is not essential. Various designs of instruments have been reviewed [54Par, 52Gra]. The capillary can be substituted by a dropping metal electrode where the weight of the metal drop is used as a measure of the interfacial tension [03Kuc]. Using a sessile-drop Gouy measured the surface tension of the mercury/liquid interface [16Gou, 17Gou]. The same information can be obtained by measuring the drop time as a function of the electrode potential [49Gra]. (Data obtained with these methods are labelled EC). Contact angle method If a gas bubble adheres to an electrode surface being in contact with an electrolyte solution, the contact angle θ can be measured as an indicator of the interfacial tension and its change. The respective relationship is cos θ = (γg,m – γs,m)/γg,s with g, s, m referring to the gas, solution and metal phase respectively. It was initially observed by Möller, that θ changes with E [08Möl]. Assuming that γg,s and γg,m do not depend on the electrode potential a plot of relationship follows:

dγ g,s dE

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= −γ s,m d cos θ dE

(3.2)

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Thus an electrocapillary curve can be obtained. The assumption of γg,m being independent from the electrode potential has been questioned by Frumkin et al. [32Fru]. Although closer inspection of the influence of the potential resulted in the conclusion, that the maximum of θ occurs at Epzc (for further disscussions see [69Per]), the method has been used infrequently. The contact angle between electrode and electrolyte solution can be determined using a solid and partially emersed electrode and observing the meniscus rise [68Mor, 69Mor, 71Mor]. (Data obtained with these methods are labelled CA). Alternatively the capillary rise can be measured using a bulk acoustic wave sensor [97Che]. (Data obtained with these methods are labelled BAW). Ribbon extension method

The extension of a metal ribbon made of the electrode material hanging as a working electrode in the electrolyte solution under investigation has been measured [69Bec, 76Lin, 79Bec]. In the used experimental setup the change of the tension of the ribbon held under slight tension is recorded. A change in ribbon length is directly related to a change of the surface stress. This in turn can be used to calculate changes of the surface free energy (surface tension) according to the Shuttleworth equation. The maximum in the surface tension vs. electrode potential curve is equal to the value of Epzc as derived from the Lippmann equation. (Data obtained with this method are labelled R). Surface stress measurement method

The piezoelectric technique determines the surface tension (surface stress) of an electrode [66Gok, 70Gok, 76Gok, 79Mal1, 79Mal2, 86Seo]. Whereas no difficulties are encountered in measuring the surface tension of liquid electrodes (see above), measurements on solid materials are more difficult. In this technique a thin film of the material under study is glued to a piezoelectric element. The electrode is brought into contact with the electrolyte solution. A small sinusoidal voltage is superimposed to the slow DC-ramp applied to the electrode. This voltage dE causes a corresponding change of the surface stress dγ of the electrode and subsequently a response from the piezoelectric element. Recording the amplitude of the signal of the piezoelectric element and its phase angle with respect to the perturbation as a function of the electrode potential results in diagrams showing a sharp minimum of the amplitude and a change of the phase angle by 180° at Epzc. The use of the cantilever of an atomic force microscope as the sensing device has been reported [95Rai]. The bending of a glass sheet coated with a thin layer of the electrode metal to be investigated acting as the working electrode has been measured using a laser-beam deflection apparatus [99Uen]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled PE). Interfacial tension at the solid electrodesolution interface can also be measured with a thickness shear mode (TSW) bulk acoustic wave sensor [96Jin]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled BAW). Film electrode bending method

As already discussed with the ribbon extension method a change of the surface tension can result in changes of the mechanical dimensions of the electrode. Besides direct measurements of a change of the length and a more indirect approach via the deformation of a piezoelectric element the bending of a thin film electrode exposed to the electrolyte solution on one side only can be utilized [71Fre]. This concept takes into account earlier observations of spontaneous bending of InSb wafers attributed to differences in interfacial tension [64Spa]. Although these measurements yield only differential values of the surface tension Δγ according to

1 § ∂Δγ · = Δī ¨ ¸ 2 RT © ∂ ln a± ¹ V, T, p, ...

(3.3)

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proper selection of reference states allows the determination of the desired information on the interface. With this technique the electrode material under study is coated by vapor deposition as a thin layer of approximately 100 nm on a glass strip. A change of the electrode potential applied to the metal film being in contact with an electrolyte solution results in a change of the interfacial tension Δγ, consequently the electrode bends. For small bending the curvature R is given by R = EI/M with E being Youngs modulus of the glass substrate, M being the bending moment as given by M = 0.5 δΔγd (d is the width, δ is the thickness of the electrode) and I = (1/12)δ 3d. The angular deflection AD of an electrode with the length of l is AD = Δγ 6 l /Eδ 2. A plot of the differential surface tension thus measured by means of a suitable optical device can be plotted as a function of the electrode potential etc.. The maximum of the curve corresponds to the value of Epzc. The measurement of changes in specific surface energy via Koesters laser interferometry as a function of electrode potential yielding electrocapillary curves has been suggested [97Heu] (Data obtained by this method are designated EB). Capacitance methods

Measurement of the differential capacitance C = dq/dE of the electrode/solution interface as a function of the electrode potential E results in a curve representing the influence of E on the value of C. The curves show an absolute minimum at Epzc indicating a maximum in the effective thickness of the double layer as assumed in the simple model of a condenser [39Fru]. C is related to the electrocapillary curve and the surface tension according to C = d2γ /dE2. Certain conditions have to be met in order to allow the measured capacity of the electrochemical double to be identified with the differential capacity (see [69Per]). In dilute electrolyte solutions this is generally the case. After initial difficulties in applying this method to a hanging mercury drop [60Fru] this method has been successfully adapted to a dropping mercury electrode [41Gra] and subsequently to solid electrodes [52Bre, 51Dos1, 51Dos2, 51Dos3, 51Dos4]. Experimental setups for measuring C can be classified into AC-techniques and pulse techniques [61Dam]. In early experiments the value of C was determined by comparing the AC-potential drop across an appropriately designed electrochemical cell including the electrochemical phase boundary under investigation with a calibration circuit containing a capacitor of known value [36Bor]. By comparing the potential drops the value of the double layer capacitance was determined. Using an impedance bridge Grahame [53Gra] determined the interfacial capacity. Since this setup is essentially a modified Wheatstone bridge, measurements are time consuming. More recently the setup of choice is a standard arrangement as used for cyclic voltammetry. The DC potential ramp applied to the electrode under investigation is modulated by adding a small amplitude AC voltage (a few millivolts, frequency ten to twenty Hz). The AC current flowing across the interface is detected by means of a frequency selective amplifier. Its rectified value can be recorded as a function of the electrode resulting in a C vs. E curve. Calibration of the capacity axis is done by inserting standard capacitors instead of the electrochemical cell. The AC current is directly proportional to C provided that the cell resistance is small compared to the resistive component of the interfacial impedance. This can be accomplished by a proper design of the cell and the electrode under investigation. Use of a phase sensitive amplifier suggested for detecting only the capacitive out-of-phase component has been suggested but found to be not necessary [81Fle]. Critical reviews of the method have been reported [73Lei]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled T). In some cases the cyclic voltamogram itself recorded when ramping the electrode potential as described above shows a characteristic minimum around Epzc (e.g. with single crystal gold electrodes [86Kol, 96Ham2]) (Data obtained with this method are labelled CV). Instead of applying an AC potential modulation pulse methods have been used infrequently. If a direct current pulse I of sufficiently short duration is applied in the absence of a Faradaic reaction, the transferred charge will be entirely consumed for charging the double layer. From the electrode potential vs. time slope the capacity can be calculated according to C = I/(dV/dt). Depending on the speed of any conceivable competitive Faradaic reaction the pulse can be generated by simple conventional circuitry, by square wave polarography, single pulses [58Pop, 59McM, 52Lov, 62Sch1] or triangular waves [47Bor]. A method employing potentiodynamic pulses has been described [78Brz]. An approach based on galvanostatic transients has been reported [59Mat3]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled PC). Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

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The presence of a Faradaic electrode reaction of any kind competing with the double layer charging presents a problem in determining the purely capacitive current needed to calculate the surface charge. From a plot of It1/2 vs. I1/2 (I = total electrode current) with a fixed concentration of the ions of the electrode metal dissolved in solution, the surface charge can be obtained [65But1]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled TC). Fresh-surface-exposure methods

If an electrode is brought into contact with an electrolyte solution or a molten electrolyte, the establishment of the electrochemical double layer will be accompanied by a transfer of electrical charge. In a suitable arrangement this charge can be measured as an external current. If the contact is made in a way which adjusts the electrode potential upon immersion exactly to the value of Epzc, the current will be nil. Various methods briefly described below have been devised to detect exactly this situation. Scratching and streaming electrode techniques

If it were possible to bring a clean, bare metal surface instantaneously into contact with an electrolyte solution, the potential difference between the metal and the electrolyte solution should change from zero (before contact is made) to a certain value caused by the formation of the electrochemical double layer and any Faradaic reaction. The change of this value being measurable as the electrode potential to a reference electrode versus time (relaxation time) would be indicative of the nature and the relative rate of these processes. If possible at all, in practice a finite time is needed to make the contact or to renew the electrode surface of an electrode being continuously in contact with the solution. If the rate of the double layer formation or reconstitution is fast compared to any Faradaic charge transfer process, the electrode potential observed immediately after the first, fast relaxation should correspond to the electrode potential of zero charge. Subsequent charge transfer processes will cause further potential shifts and a continuing relaxation. In a different approach to obtain a self-renewing electrode a steady stream of the metal is again used as an electrode [49Gra]. If a jet of the streaming metal is used as an electrode, its length varies as a function of the electrode potential showing a minimum at Epzc [50Riu]. Such an experimental approach is verified with a streaming mercury electrode and a solution of e.g. NaCl or KCl. The electrode potential measured with the streaming mercury showing a minimum of length corresponds to the value of Epzc. If the flow is stopped, a further relaxation of the electrode potential is observed and the finally established electrode potential in the system described would correspond to the potential of a calomel electrode. A further experimental development has been proposed [84Cza]. Obviously this method is limited to liquid metals like mercury and gallium and their amalgams respectively alloys. Modifications of this method have been reported [86Hor]. At elevated temperatures with molten salt electrolytes alloys with an appropriately low melting point can be investigated, too. If components of the solution phase are prone to electrochemical reactions (e.g. reduction of dissolved oxygen, reduction of oxidising anions) their presence may also cause Faradaic reactions and the subsequent establishment of an electrode potential different from Epzc. At first glance such a procedure seems to be highly theoretical for solid metals. The development of the scratching technique has provided an experimental approach to the ideal described above [64And, 66Bod, 67Bod, 67Per, 68And, 69And]. With this technique the electrode metal surface is scratched in situ (i.e. in the presence of an electrolyte solution) with a sapphire or corundum bit. The freshly exposed metal surface in contact with the electrolyte solution establishes a potential which is equivalent to Epzc in the absence of any sufficiently fast Faradaic process. A record of the electrode potential of the continuously scraped metal surface versus time shows an initial value always established after complete renewal of the surface, which relaxes to a different value because of the said Faradaic processes. The initial value can be taken as Epzc after careful consideration of the absence of any interfering Faradaic process. A comparison of the data obtained with this method with data obtained with the immersion method described below has been reported [74Cla2]. Although in both methods essentially the same situation - a

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freshly exposed metal surface is exposed to the electrolyte solution - is present, the results tend to differ for various reasons. (Data obtained with this method are labelled S). Immersion method

If the electrode under investigation is connected to an external voltage source before being immersed into the solution with the second output of the voltage source wired to a reference electrode already immersed in the solution, the charge necessary to establish the electrochemical double layer can be recorded as a transient current at the immersion of the test electrode. If the external voltage is adjusted to a value equal to Epzc this current transient will be nil [62Jak1, 71Jak]. An advanced method taking into account the influence of gas molecules possibly adsorbed on the test electrode which may react upon immersion has been described by Kim [73Kim]. For a careful evaluation of the data and a comparison with results obtained with the open-circuit scrape method see [74Cla2]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled IM). Miscellaneous methods

Various methods including the repulsion between two electrode wires immersed in a solution, further friction and ultrasonic methods etc., which have not gained practical importance, have been reviewed elsewhere [67Arg]. Some methods, which have been employed to some extent and cannot be fitted easily into one of the groups reviewed above, are briefly treated in the following. Electron photoemission technique

Under certain conditions the illumination of the electrode/solution interface can result in an electric current. Various reasons can cause this phenomenon. Homogeneous photochemical reactions in the solution may result in electrochemically active particles, which in turn cause the flow of electric current across the interface. Absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the visible and the UV region by the metal electrode can cause the emission of electrons into the solution (photoemission, [65Bar1, 66Bar, 72Bro, 80Gur]). These electrons in turn can cause reactions at the interface termed 'heterogeneous photoreactions'. If the former process of photoemission is the central process, experimental data can be treated based on the theory developed by Brodsky and Gurevich [67Gur, 68Bro1]. At a fixed wavelength of the illuminating light the dependence of the photocurrent Ipc on the electrode potential E in concentrated solutions can be described by Ipc = A (E0 – E)5/2 with E0 being the threshold electrode potential, where the photocurrent is observed first, and A being a constant depending on the strength of illumination and the nature of the metal. Because of the influence of the potential distribution within the electrochemical double layer at dilute electrolyte concentrations the value of E in the above equation has to be substituted by E – E1 with E1 representing this influence. Evaluation of dE1/dE and of

0.4 dI pc

d( − E )

results in a value of Epzc [69Ple, 73Rot].

(Data obtained with this method are labelled P). Friction method

The mechanical friction between the electrode surface under investigation and a suitable probe depends on the electrode potential showing a maximum at Epzc. Of various experimental setups reviewed previously [69Boc2] the most recent one is used to measure the friction between a test electrode in wire shape and a cylindrical slider sitting on the wire [69Boc1]. Results are interpreted in terms of the repulsion of double layers being present on the wire and the slider [69Boc2]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled F).

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Vibrating electrode method

The interface between a liquid metal and an electrolyte solution can be vibrated by applying an oscillating external pressure variation. An electric signal picked up at the oscillating interface as a function of the applied electrode potential can be registered. It shows a particular dependency, at Epzc the signal vanishes [83Mly]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled VE). Double layer repulsion method

Variations of the repulsion between two electrodes being held at the same electrode potential can be correlated to changes in the diffuse double layer [59Vor, 62Vor, 63Vor]. Assuming that the repulsion is due to charges of the same sign being present on both electrodes the repulsion should pass a minimum at Epzc provided that specific adsorption is absent. This method is analogous to the measurement of the friction (see above). (Data obtained with this method are labelled DR). Electrode displacement method

Observation of the electrode under examination being exposed to an electric field may yield information about the value of Epzc. Any charge on the electrode, which can be a wire or a colloidal particle, will result in a movement in the external field. Assuming that the movement is due to charges being present on the electrode the rate of the movement should pass through a minimum at Epzc provided that specific adsorption is absent. (Data obtained with this method are labelled ED). Acousto-electrochemical method

If sound vibrations are applied to an electrode being in contact with a solution, a variable electrode potential component ΔE is generated. Its amplitude depends on the electrode potential E. It shows a maximum at the Epzc. Further details have been provided elsewhere [66Kuk2]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled AE). Organic adsorption method

Given that certain conditions are met, an organic molecule can be used as a probe of the electrostatic field in the compact Helmholtz double layer. Assuming field/dipole interactions across this layer is the basis for an explanation of the adsorption of neutral organic molecules on the electrode surface. At Epzc this electrostatic field across the double layer arising from excess charge on the electrode is zero. At a given fixed concentration of the organic molecule in the solution phase its concentration on the electrode surface will be independent of the concentration of the supporting electrolyte. Thus potential dependent curves of surface coverage with the organic material at various concentrations of the supporting electrolyte for different supporting electrolyte systems will intersect at the potential corresponding to Epzc.The coverage is determined using a radiotracer technique (see also 4.2). Further details have been reported [63Dah, 63Gre]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled OA). Ionic adsorption

A correlation between the amount of adsorbed ions and the electrode potential, in particular Epzc, has been identified apparently for the first time by Frumkin and Obrutschewa [26Fru]. A minimum of ionic adsorption was found at Epzc, this is equivalent to the absence of specific adsorption at Epzc. The measurement of the amount of adsorbed ions was performed by measuring the ionic concentration in the solution as a function of the electrode potential or by measuring the surface concentration of adsorbed ions by e.g. radiotracer techniques (see also 4.2). (Data obtained with this method are labelled IA).

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Isoelectronic shift of potential

By measuring the hydrogen electrode potential as a function of the concentration of hydrogen ions, i.e. of the pH-value of the electrolyte solution, at a constant charge on the electrode it is possible to calculate the dependence of the adsorption of hydrogen ions on the electrode potential. Thermodynamic treatment of the obtained data allows the calculation of Epzc [66Fru2, 68Fru, 68Pet, 69Pet]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled ISS). CO charge displacement method

Carbon monoxide CO is known to become strongly adsorbed on various metals both from the gas phase as well as from the liquid phase. When CO is present in an aqueous electrolyte solution it will displace other species less strongly adsorbed on a metal electrode surface of e.g. platinum [92Cla]. Charge vs. time transients recorded at various fixed electrode potentials outside the potential region, where electrooxidation of CO or any other Faradaic process occurs, yields data pertaining to the charge and thus the amount of species desorbed (displaced) during CO adsorption. Transients recorded at various COadsorption electrode potentials can be used to identify Epzc. This method (which is sometimes called in abbreviated form 'charge displacement method') has been applied successfully also to the determination of local values of Epzc on metals showing areas with significantly different CO adsorption properties [00Alv]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CO). Radiotracer technique

The relationship between the amount of adsorbed particles of a certain type (ion, organic molecule etc.) and the electrode potential can be used to identify Epzc. This has been discussed in detail in the description of methods given above. The central aspect of all methods is the determination of the amount of species actually adsorbed. One method is the radiotracer technique. The species to be adsorbed has to be radioactive. In particular radioactively labelled species emitting β-radiation are employed. The amount of radiation emitted from the electrode is directly proportional to the amount of adsorbed species after careful consideration of the radiation of dissolved species and the thermal background. In order to increase the surface area accessible for adsorption electrodes to be investigated, rough or even porous electrodes with a considerably enlarged ratio of true to geometric surface area can be prepared. Since species in the solution phase as well as in the adsorbed state are both radioactive, the radiation emitted from the dissolved species has to be removed or at least decreased somehow. This can be achieved preferably by using a thin layer technique wherein the electrolyte solution is squeezed away from the electrode as soon as the adsorption equilibrium is attained. Numerous reviews describing details of this method are available [95Hor, 86Zel, 85Hor, 84Kaz, 65Kaz, 65Bal2, 64Boc1, 60Blo]; for general information see also [65Erw]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled RT.) Salting out method

With some metals the value of Epzc cannot be derived from e.g. tensammetric curves, because the value of Epzc is positive against the standard potential. Consequently Faradaic currents caused by the dissolution of the metal would interfere with the registration of the supposedly purely capacitive current flowing across the interface. Calculation of the charge on the electrode as a prerequisite for the determination of the electrode potential value, where σ = 0, can be based on the dependence of the cathodic desorption potential Edes of an organic substance at a given fixed concentration on the variable concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte solution [75Bat, 74Dam]. This dependence shows a maximum, because in a dilute solution the value of Edes shifts towards anodic potentials with an increase of the electrolyte concentration because of an increase of the surface charge. At even higher electrolyte concentrations salting out will occur and the value of Edes will shift again towards cathodic values. From the observed maximum value of Edes it is possible to calculate the corresponding surface charge. Integration of the capacitance vs. the electrode potential curve measured in the range of electrode potentials, where no Faradaic current interferes, Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

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results in a charge vs. electrode potential curve. Extrapolation towards σ = 0 results in a value of Epzc. (Data obtained with this method are labelled SO). A related approach suggested by Frumkin [ 74Fru2] is based on the assumption, that the surface charges of metals at the potential of desorption Edes of the same organic substance (e.g. n-amyl alcohol) at the same concentration are equal. Further calculation is similar to the procedure outlined above. (Data obtained with this method are labelled DE). Hardness measurements

Various mechanical properties of a metal like e.g. creep, deformation under mechanical stress, hardness, friction (see above) etc. are presumed to be dependent on the electrode potential. If measurements of a selected property as a function of electrode potential reveal an extreme value at a certain electrode potential identical with Epzc, the method can be used for determinations of Epzc. Although there does not seem to exist a firm theory linking the mechanical hardness of a solid with the electrode potential, intuitively a relationship between hardness and surface tension γ seems to be reasonable. In early experiments the mechanical damping of a pendulum resting on the electrode under investigation was used. The rate of change of the pendulum's swing amplitude was recorded as a function of the electrode potential [44Reb]. It was assumed, that the damping effect was directly related to the bulk metal hardness. Later work reviewed by Perkins and Andersen [69Per] related the damping to surface oxides, repulsion of the double layers on the test electrode and sampling device (pendulum etc.) and other effects. Results obtained with the pendulum method are nevertheless still assigned to measurements of surface hardness. The dependence of the erosion of a vibrating electrode immersed in an electrolyte solution containing an abrasive additive (e.g. corundum powder) on the electrode potential was also employed [66Kuk1] (Data obtained with this method are labelled H). Permanent deformation has also been investigated. The rate of flow of gold wires has been found to depend on the electrode potential with a minimum of the rate at Epzc [51Pfü]. The creep of a lead electrode has been studied [69Lik]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled FL). Electroreduction of ions

If charged particles are involved in an electrode process, the rate of this process depends on the charge on the electrode surface, since adsorption or desorption of reaction participants is influenced by the charge on the electrode. It has been shown experimentally, that the rate of reaction for the reduction of S2O82- drops sharply in the vicinity of Epzc [55Fru]. The same has been observed for a few other electrode reactions including the hydrogen evolution reaction [69Kil]. More recently similar relationships have been observed for the electroreduction of N2O [95Att]. From suitable kinetic measurements the value of Epzc can be deduced. (Data obtained with this method are labelled ER). Gravimetric method

Based on the theory of wetting [85deG] the electrocapillary action at the three phase boundary liquid/gas/partially immersed solid electrode can be understood. Youngs equation [52Goo, 59Joh] describes this situation for a smooth rigid isotropic metal surface: cos θ = (γg,s – γs,l)/γg,l with g,s,l referring to the gas, solid and liquid phase respectively and θ being the contact angle formed by the metal and the liquid. For a thin metal sheet of weight m0g in air attached to one end of a microbalance beam and partially immersed in a liquid it can be demonstrated, that mg = m0g – wdzρ + 2(w + d) γg,lcos θ with m mass of the sheet, w width and d thickness of the sheet, z depth of immersion, ρ difference in density between gas and liquid, g gravitational constant. Since an accurate measurement of z is difficult, it is desirable to have the term wdzρ as small as possible in comparison to 2(w + d) γg,lcos θ. This can be done by using thin sheets with small d. Accordingly the equation can be rewritten as γg,l cos θ = (m – m0)g/2w. A change of the electrode potential E applied to the sheet will result in a change of the contact angle θ and a rise or drop of the meniscus [71Mor] with an accompanying change of the detectable weight of the sheet (m – m0). Assuming that γg,l does not change with E a plot of (m – m0) vs. E will result in an electrocapillary curve. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

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According to Balashova and Frumkin [38Bal] also γg,s can be assumed to be independent from the electrode potential. Thus partial differentiation with respect to E is possible:

γ lg

∂ cos θ § ∂γ sl · = −¨ ¸ ∂E © ∂E ¹ T, p, ȝi

(3.4)

The right hand term is equal to the excess surface charge density qM on the metal electrode of the Lippmann equation. Since Lippmann's equation was originally derived for the liquid metal/solution interface, the reversible work of formation of a unit surface of a solid electrode has to be reconsidered. This work now contains a contribution γ caused by the plastic cleavage and the surface stress Y caused by elastic stretching under equilibrium conditions [86Tra]. Accordingly Lippmann's equation has to be reformulated for the solid metal/liquid interface

§ ∂γ · § ∂ε e · − ¨ sl ¸ = qM + ( γ − Y ) ¨ ∂E ¸ © ∂E ¹T, p, mi © ¹ T, p, ȝi

(3.5)

with εe being the elastic surface strain. The second term in this equation is not definitely known; nevertheless it has been demonstrated, that the elastic stress Y of a gold ribbon is essentially identical to the interfacial tension γ of an unstrained gold crystal [79Moh]. Thus the second term of the equation can be neglected. Plots of (m-m0)g/2w vs. E can be used to obtain qM, the double layer capacity CDL and the ionic excess Γ±. The experimental setup and further details have been reported [87Mur, 88Mur, 89Mur]. (Data obtained with this method are designated G). Null solution method

Based on the original hypothesis of the evolution of potential differences at the metal/solution interface proposed by Nernst [97Ner] Palmær devised an experiment which resulted in the value of Epzc [98Pal]. It is based on the observation, that depending on the concentration of dissolved metal ions in the solution these ions will deposit on the metal if their 'osmotic pressure' in the solution is larger than in the metal. If their 'osmotic pressure' is smaller, the metal will be dissolved in part until equilibrium is attained.With an appropriate solution concentration neither deposition nor dissolution will happen. This solution is called null solution. Closer inspection of the situation at the interface in the null solution reveals, that exactly under these conditions there is no net charge on the electrode. This is exactly the condition for the registration of Epzc. (Data obtained with this method are designated NS). Spectroscopic methods

Various spectroscopic methods applied to studies of the electrochemical interface (spectroelectrochemical methods) provide information about structure and dynamics at this interface. Since e.g. coverage and degree/strength of the adsorbate/metal bonding depend on the potential drop across the interface and consequently on the charge on the metal surface, any spectroscopic information indicating zero charge on the surface will identify Epzc. Sum frequency generation SFG has been employed successfully [95Tad]. (Data obtained with this method are designated SFG). Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy SERS [90Sob, 92Joa] and interfacial infrared spectroscopy in various methodologies can be employed to probe vibrational spectra of species directly interacting with the electrode surface. The electric field at the electrode/solution interface as well as the charge on the electrode strongly influence position and intensity of vibrational bands. From a comparison of vibrational spectra of the adsorbed species in its free and in its adsorbed form (the latter as a function of applied electrode potential) the situation, where there is no charge on the electrode, i.e. Epzc, can be deduced. (Data obtained with this method are designated VIB). Relationships between the surface plasmon excitation energy and the electrode potential have been stud-

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ied [80Tad]. A shift of this energy with Epzc has been found for the Ag(111) surface as compared with a polycristalline silver surface [80Tad]. No practical use of this observation has been reported. Theoretical approaches

Based on the theory of electron emission from a heterogeneous surface Epzc values have been calculated for two-phase systems (alloys). Calculated data show good agreement with experimental data for the studied alloys [65Gri], an influence of the mode of preparation (electrochemical deposition or melting) was observed. In one example this was attributed to the more developed texture of the alloy, i.e. more crystals of either alloy constituent were present [67Gri1]. Experimental values are tabulated below, calculated ones are not included in this listing. (Data obtained with this method are designated EE). General remarks on the tables

All values taken from literature sources are given on the standard hydrogen electrode scale. If necessary, conversions were based on standard values for the involved reference electrodes. If a single report contains several values measured with different concentrations of the electrolyte under investigation, all values are included in the table in order to allow insight into the influence of the concentration. Data are listed according to the alphabetical order of the electrode material. Polycrystalline materials are listed first followed by single crystal samples and amalgam electrodes for every element. Within a given electrode material data are arranged according to increasing concentration of the supporting electrolyte solution.

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References 73Lip 75Lip 97Ner 98Pal 03Kuc 08Möl 10Gou1 10Gou2 16Gou 17Gou 26Fru 28Fru2 28Fru3 32Fru 33Fru 36Bor 38Bal 39Fru 41Gra 44Reb 47Bor 47Gra 49Gra 50Riu 51Dos1 51Dos2 51Dos3 51Dos4 51Pfü 52Bre 52Goo 52Gra 52Lov 53Gra 53Vas 54Par 55Fru 55Uks2 56Khe 56Ran 57Gra 57Khe 58Pop 59Joh 59Mat3 59McM 59Vor Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Lippmann, G.: Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 149 (1873) 547. Lippmann, G.: Ann. Chim. Phys. (Leipzig) 5 (1875) 494. Nernst, W.: Z. Elektrochem. 4 (1897) 29. Palmaer, W.: Z. Phys. Chem. 25 (1898) 257. Kucera, G.: Ann. Phys. 11 (1903) 529. Möller, H.G.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 65 (1908) 226. Gouy, G.: J. Phys. (Paris) 9 (1910) 457. Gouy, G.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 149 (1910) 654. Gouy, G.: Ann. Phys. (Paris) Ser. 9 6 (1916) 3. Gouy, G.: Ann. Phys. (Paris) Ser. 9 7 (1917) 129. Frumkin, A., Obrutschewa, A.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 158 (1926) 84. Frumkin, A., Gorodetzkaja, A.: Z. Phys. Chem. 136 (1928) 451. Frumkin, A.: Ergeb. Exakten Naturwiss. 7 (1928) 235. Frumkin, A., Gorodetzkaja, A., Kabanov, B., Nekrassov, N.: Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 1 (1932) 255. Frumkin, A.: Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 4 (1933) 239. Borisova, T., Proskurnin, M.: Acta Physicochim. URSS 4 (1936) 819. Balashova, N., Frumkin, A.: C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS 20 (1938) 449. Vorsina, M., Frumkin, A.: C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS 24 (1939) 918. Grahame, D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63 (1941) 1207. Rebinder, P.A., Venstrem, E.K.: Acta Physicochim. URSS 19 (1944) 36. Borisova, T.I., Proskurnin, M.A.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 21 (1947) 463. Grahame, D.C.: Chem. Rev. 41 (1947) 441. Grahame, D., Larsen, R.P., Poth, M.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71 (1949) 2978. Rius, A., Marin, A.: An. R. Soc. Esp. Fis. Quim. Ser. A 46 (1950) 93. Doss, K.S.G., Kalyanasundaram, A.: Current Sci. 20 (1951) 199. Doss, K.S.G., Agarwal, H.P.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A 34 (1951) 229. Doss, K.S.G., Agarwal, H.P.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A 34 (1951) 263. Doss, K.S.G., Agarwal, H.P.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A 33 (1951) 66. Pfützenreuther, A., Masing, G.: Z. Metallkd. 42 (1951) 361. Breyer, B., Hacobian, S.: Aust. J. Sci. Res. Ser. A 5 (1952) 500. Good, R.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 5041. Grahame, D.C., Coffin, E.M., Cummings, J.I., Poth, M.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 1207. Loveland, J.W., Elving, P.J.: J. Phys. Chem. 56 (1952) 250; 255. Grahame, D.: J. Chem. Phys. 21 (1953) 1054. Vasenin, R.M.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 27 (1953) 878. Parsons, R., in: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, Bockris, J.O’M., Conway, B.E. (eds.), London: Butterworth, 1954. Frumkin, A.: Z. Elektrochem. 59 (1955) 807. Ukshe, E.A., Levin, A.I.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 29 (1955) 219. Kheifets, V.L., Krasikov, B.S.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 109 (1956) 586. Randles, J.E.B., Whiteley, K.S.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 52 (1956) 1509. Grahame, D.C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (1957) 2093. Kheifets, V.L., Krasikov, B.S.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 31 (1957) 1992. Popat, P.V., Hackerman, N.: J. Phys. Chem. 62 (1958) 1198. Johnson, R.E.: J. Phys. Chem. 63 (1959) 1655. Matsuda, H., Oka, S., Delahay, P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81 (1959) 5077. McMullen, J.J., Hackerman, N.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 106 (1959) 341. Voropaeva, T.N., Deryagin, B.V., Kabanov, B.N.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 128 (1959) 981.

R2 60Blo 60Fru 61Dam 62Jak1 62Kho 62Sch1 62Vor 63Ant 63Dah 63Gre 63Vor 64And 64Boc1 64Spa 65Bal2 65Bar1 65But1 65Erw 65Gri 65Kaz 66Bar 66Bod 66But1 66Fru2 66Gok 66Kuk1 66Kuk2 66Lor 66Pri 67Arg 67Bod 67Fru 67Gri1 67Gur 67Per 68And 68Boc1 68Bro1 68Fru 68Mor 68Pet 69And 69Bec 69Boc1 69Boc2 69Kil

Blomgren, E.A., Bockris, J.O’M.: Nature (London) 186 (1960) 305. Frumkin, A.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 107 (1960) 461. Damaskin, B.B.: Usp. Khim. 30 (1961) 220. Jakuszewski, B., Kozlowski, Z.: Rocz. Chem. 36 (1962) 1873. Khomutov, N.E.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 36 (1962) 2721. Schmid, G.M., Hackerman, N.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 109 (1962) 243. Voropaeva, T.N., Deryagin, B.V., Kabanov, B.N.: Kolloidn. Zh. 24 (1962) 396. Antropov, L.I.: Ukr. Khim. Zh. 29 (1963) 555. Dahms, H., Green, M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 110 (1963) 1075. Green, M., Dahms, H.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 110 (1963) 466. Voropaeva, T.N., Deryagin, B.V., Kabanov, B.N.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otd. Khim. Nauk (1963) 257. Andersen, T.N., Perkins, R.S., Eyring, H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86 (1964) 4496. Bockris, J.O’M., Green, M., Swinkels, D.A.J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 111 (1964) 743. Sparnaay, M.J.: Surf. Sci. 1 (1964) 213. Balashova, N.A., Kazarinov, V.E.: Usp. Khim. 34 (1965) 1721. Barker, G.C., Gardner, A.W.: Osnovnye Voprosy Sovremennoi Teoreticheskoi Elektrokhimii, Izd. Mir, Moscow, 1965, p. 118. Butler, J.N., Meehan, M.L.: J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 4051. Erwall, L.G., Forsberg, H.G., Ljunggren, K.: Radioaktive Isotope in der Technik, Braunschweig: Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1965. Grilikhes, M.S., Krasikov, B.S.: Vestn. Leningr. Univ. Ser. 4, Fiz. Khim. 4 (1965) 131. Kazarinov, V.E., Balashova, N.A., Kulesneva, M.I.: Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 975. Barker, G.C., Gardner, A.W., Sammon, D.C.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 113 (1966) 1182. Bodé, D.D.: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utah, 1966. Butler, J.N.: J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 2312. Frumkin, A., Petry, O., Marvet, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 12 (1966) 504. Gokhstein, A.Y.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1318. Kukoz, F.I., Semenchenko, S.A.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 74. Kukoz, F.I., Semenchenko, S.A., Bogdanov, V.I.: Issled. Obl. Khim. Istochnikov Toka (1966) 201. Lorenz, W.J., Fischer, F.: Electrochim. Acta 11 (1966) 1597. Prisekina, T.N., Kusnetzov, V.A., Maljutina, N.P.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1307. Argade, S.G., Gileadi, E., in: Electrosorption, Gileadi, E. (ed.), New York: Plenum Press, 1967, p. 87. Bodé, D.D., Andersen, T.N., Eyring, H.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 792. Frumkin, A.N.: J. Res. Inst. Catal. Hokkaido Univ. 15 (1967) 61. Grigor'ev, N.B.: Zashch. Met. 3 (1967) 357. Gurevich, Yu.Ya., Brodsky, A.M., Levich, B.G.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 1302. Perkins, R.S.: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utah, 1967. Andersen, T.N., Anderson, J.L., Bodé, D.D.: J. Res. Inst. Catal. Hokkaido Univ. 16 (1968) 449. Bockris, J.O’M., Argade, S.E.: J. Chem. Phys. 49 (1968) 5133. Brodsky, A.M., Gurevich, Yu.Ya.: Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 54 (1968) 213. Frumkin, A., Petry, O., Kossaya, A., Entina, V., Topolev, V.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 16 (1968) 175. Morcos, I., Fisher, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 17 (1968) 7. Petrii, O.A., Kotlov, Yu.G.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 774. Andersen, T.N., Anderson, J.L., Eyring, H.: J. Phys. Chem. 73 (1969) 3562. Beck, T.R.: J. Phys. Chem. 73 (1969) 466. Bockris, J.O’M., Argade, S.E., Gileadi, E.: Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 1259. Bockris, J.O’M., Argade, S.D.: J. Chem. Phys. 50 (1969) 1622. Kilimnik, A.B., Rotinyan, A.L.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 1234.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R3 69Lik 69Mor 69Per 69Pet 69Ple 70Fru 70Gok 70Khe 71Fre 71Jak 71Mor 71Tra 72Bro 72Con 72Pan1 72Pay 73Kim 73Lei 73Rot 74Cla2 74Dam 74Fru2 75Bat 75Fru 76Ard 76Gok 76Lin 77Tra 78Brz 79Bec 79Fru 79Mal1 79Mal2 79Moh 80Fru

80Gur 80Tad 81Fle 82Lec

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Likhtman, V., Kochanova, L., Leikis, D., Shchukin, E.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 729. Morcos, I.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 20 (1969) 479. Perkins, R.S., Andersen, T.N.: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 5, Bockris, J.O’M., Conway, B.E. (eds.), New York: Plenum Press, 1969, p. 203. Petrii, O.A., Frumkin, A.N., Kotlov, Yu.G.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 476. Pleskov, Yu.V., Rotenberg, Z.A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 20 (1969) 1. Frumkin, A., Petry, O., Damaskin, B.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 27 (1970) 81. Gokhstein, A.Y.: Electrochim. Acta 15 (1970) 219. Kheifets, V.L., Krasikov, B.S., Rotinyan, A.L.: Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 916. Fredlein, R.A., Damjanovic, A., Bockris, J.O’M.: Surf. Sci. 25 (1971) 261. Jakuszewsi, B., Kozlowski, Z., Partyka, S., Przasnyski, M., Romanovski, S.: Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 804. Morcos, I.: J. Colloid Interface Sci. 37 (1971) 410. Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 33 (1971) 351. Brodsky, A., Pleskov, Yu.: Progress in Surface Science 2, Davidson, S. (ed.), Oxford: Pergamon, 1972, p. 2. Conway, B.E.: Techniques of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, Yeager, E., Salkind, A.J. (eds.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1972, p. 389. Panin, V.A., Rybalka, K.V., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 390. Payne, R.: Techniques of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, Yeager, E., Salkind, A.J. (eds.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1972, p. 43. Kim, S.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 77 (1973) 2787. Leikis, D.I., Rybalka, K.V., Sevastyanov, E.S., Frumkin, A.N.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 46 (1973) 161. Rotenberg, Z., Pleskov, V.Yu.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1419. Clark, G.J., Andersen, T.N., Valentine, R.S., Eyring, H.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 618. Damaskin, B.B., Batrakov, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 140. Frumkin, A.N., Damaskin, B.B., Grigoryev, N.B., Bagotskaya, I.A.: Electrochim. Acta 19 (1974) 69. Batrakov, V.V., Damaskin, B.B.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 65 (1975) 361. Frumkin, A.N., Petrii, O.A.: Electrochim. Acta 20 (1975) 347. Ardizzone, S., Longhi, P., Mussini, T., Rondinini, S.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 8 (1976) 557. Gokhstein, A.Y.: Surface Tension of Solids and Adsorption, Moscow: Nauka, 1976. Lin, K.-F., Beck, T.R.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 123 (1976) 1145. Trasatti, S.: Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 10, Gerischer, H., Tobias, C.W. (eds.), New York: John Wiley, 1977, p. 213. Brzostowska-Smolska, M., Milkowska, M., Kalinowski, A., Minc, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 89 (1978) 389. Beck, T.R., Lin, K.-F.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 126 (1979) 252. Frumkin, A.: Zero Charge Potentials (Potentsialye Nulevogo Zaryada), Nauka, Moscow, 1979. Malpas, R.E., Fredlein, R.A., Bard, A.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 89 (1979) 171. Malpas, R.E., Fredlein, R.A., Bard, A.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 89 (1979) 339. Mohilner, D.M., Beck, T.R.: J. Phys. Chem. 83 (1979) 1160. Frumkin, A.N., Petrii, O.A., Damaskin, B.B.: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, Bockris, J'O.M., Conway, B.E., Yeager, E. (eds.), New York: Plenum Press, 1980, p. 221. Gurevich, Y.Y., Pleskov, Y.V., Rotenberg, Z.A.: Photoelectrochemistry, New York: Consultants, 1980. Tadjeddine, A., Kolb, D.M., Kötz, R.: Surf. Sci. 101 (1980) 277. Fleischmann, M., Robinson, J., Waser, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 117 (1981) 257. Lecoeur, J., Andro, J., Parsons, R.: Surf. Sci. 114 (1982) 320.

R4 83Mly 84Cza 84Kaz

85Hor 85deG 86Hor 86Kol 86Seo 86Tra 86Vor 86Zel 87Bac 87Mur 88Bor2 88Ham 88Mur 89Mur 90Sil 90Sob 92Cla 92Joa 92Tra2 95Att 95Hor 95Rai 95Tad 96Hai 96Ham2 96Jin 96Sil 97Che 97Heu 97Iba1 97Iba2 97Kor 98Hai 98Lip 98Wea 99Rit 99Tra 99Uen 00Alv 00Sie 03Iba

Mlynarczyk, R., Figaszewski, Z., Koczorowski, Z.: Pol. J. Chem. 57 (1983) 1011. Czajkowski, J.M., Blaszczyk, T., Kazmierczak, D.: Electrochim. Acta 29 (1984) 439. Kazarinov, V.E., Andreev, V.N.: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 9, Yeager, E., Bockris, J.O’M., Conway, B.E., Sarangapani, S. (eds.), New York: Plenum Press, 1984, p. 393. Horanyi, G.: Wiss. Z. Humboldt-Univ. Berlin, Math. Naturwiss. Reihe 34 (1985) 37. de Gennes, P.G.: Rev. Mod. Phys. 57 (1985) 827. Horanyi, T.S., Takács, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 215 (1986) 83. Kolb, D.M., Schneider, J.: Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 929. Seo, M., Makino, T., Sato, N.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 1138. Trasatti, S., Parsons, R.: Pure Appl. Chem. 58 (1986) 437. Vorotyntsev, M.A.: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 17, Bockris, J.O’M., Conway, B.E., White, R.E. (eds.), New York: Plenum Press, 1986, p. 131. Zelenay, P., Habib, M.A., Bockris, J.O'M.: Langmuir 2 (1986) 393. Bacchetta, M., Francesconi, A., Trasatti, S., Doubova, L., Hamelin, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 218 (1987) 355. Murphy, O.J., Wainright, J.S.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 134 (1987) 267. Borkowska, Z., Hamelin, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 241 (1988) 373. Hamelin, A., Stoicoviciu, L., Dubova, N.M., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 244 (1988) 133. Murphy, O.J., Wainright, J.S.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 135 (1988) 138. Murphy, O.J., Wainright, J.S.: Langmuir 5 (1989) 519. Silva, F., Sottomayor, M.J., Hamelin, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 294 (1990) 239. Sobocinski, R.L., Pemberton, J.E.: Langmuir 6 (1990) 43. Clavilier, J., Albalat, R., Gomez, R., Orts, J.M., Feliu, J.M., Aldaz, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 330 (1992) 489. Joa, S.L., Pemberton, J.E.: Langmuir 8 (1992) 2301. Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 329 (1992) 237. Attard, G.A., Ahmadi, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 389 (1995) 175. Horanyi, G., Kolics, A.: Sov. Electrochem. (English Transl.) 31 (1995) 941. Raiteri, R., Butt, H.-J.: J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 15728. Tadjeddine, A., Peremans, A., Guyot-Sionnest, P.: Surf. Sci. 335 (1995) 210. Haiss, W., Sass, J.K.: Langmuir 12 (1996) 4311. Hamelin, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 407 (1996) 1. Jin-Hua, C., Li-Hua, N., Zhuo, Y.S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 414 (1996) 53. Silva, F., Sottomayor, M.J., Martins, A.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3693. Chen, J.-H., Si, S.-H., Nie, L.-H., Yao, S.-Z.: Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 689. Heusler, K.E., Lang, G.: Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 747. Ibach, H.: Surf. Sci. Rep. 29 (1997) 193. Ibach, H., Bach, C.E., Giesen, M., Grossmann, A.: Surf. Sci. 375 (1997) 107. Korzeniewski, C., Conway, B.E. (eds.): The Electrochemical Double Layer, Pennington: The Electrochemical Society, 1997. Haiss, W., Nichols, R.J., Sass, J.K., Charle, K.P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 452 (1998) 199. Lipkowski, J., Schmickler, W., Kolb, D.M., Parsons, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 452 (1998) 193. Weaver, M.J.: Langmuir 14 (1998) 3932. Ritchie, I.M., Bailey, S., Woods, R.: Advan. Colloid Interface Sci. 80 (1999) 183. Trasatti, S., Lust, E.: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 33, White, R.E., Conway, B.E., Bockris, J.O'M., (eds.) New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, 1999, p. 1. Ueno, K., Seo, M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 146 (1999) 1496. Álvarez, B., Climent, V., Feliu, J.M., Aldaz, A.: Electrochem. Commun. 2 (2000) 427. Sieradzki, K., Friesen, C., Dimitrov, N.: 198. Electrochemical Society Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 22.-27.10.2000, Extended Abstracts. Ibach, H., Schmickler, W.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 016106.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

191

Table 3.1. Electrode potentials of zero charge of metal electrodes in contact with electrolyte solutions. Electrode

Solution 1)

Aluminum (Al)

0.01 M KCl/H2O 0.01 M LiCl/methanol 0.01 N LiCl/methanol 0.01 M LiCl/ethanol 0.01 N LiCl/ethanol 0.01 M LiCl/ethanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-butanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-propanol 5 mM TBABF4/dimethylformamide 5 mM TBABF4/dimethylsulfoxide

IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM T T

–0.523 –0.623 –0.632 –0.751 –0.752 –0.751 –0.81 –0.77 –2.05 –1.75

62Jak1 64Jak2 65Jak1 64Jak2 65Jak1 64Jak2 65Jak1 65Jak1 91Saf 91Saf

Antimony (Sb)

0.01 N HCl/H2O HClO4/methanol 0.002 N KF/H2O KF; NaF/H2O 0.002 N KCl/H2O 0.002 N KClO4/H2O 0.002 N KClO4/H2O KNO3/H2O 0.002 N K2SO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.002 N KNO3/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O LiClO4/EtOH 0.0005 M NaF+0.0005 M HCl/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/ethanol 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O LiClO4/EtOH 0.0005 M NaF+0.0005 M HCl/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/ethanol 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O

T T T T T T T T T S T S T T H H T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

–0.19 –0.02 –0.14 –0.17 –0.14 –0.15 –0.15 –0.18 –0.14 –0.11 –0.14 –0.11 –0.14 –0.169 –0.2 –0.2 0.05 –0.36 –0.129 –0.119 0.051 –0.149 –0.139 –0.02 –0.45 –0.219 –0.019 –0.219 5) –0.209 –0.209 6)

63Wu 86Pas 69Kha1 75Pul3 69Kha1 69Kha1 69Kha2 69Hag 69Kha1 69And 69Kha1 69And 69Kha1 94Lus 65Kuk 66Kuk1 91Lus1 92Lus 97Lus2 94Lus 97Lus2 97Lus2 94Lus 91Lus1 92Lus 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus1 94Lus 97Lus1

T T

–0.199 –0.089

97Lus2 94Lus

Sb (001)

Sb (011) Sb (111)

Sb (21 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O

Comments 2)

pH=7 pH=1

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

192

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Arsenic (As) Barium (Ba) Beryllium (Be) Bismuth (Bi)

not reported

n.a.

+0.2

53Vas

not reported

n.a.

–2.06

53Vas

not reported

n.a.

–0.88

53Vas

0.001 M HCl+0.01 M KCl/H2O 0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001 M KCl/H2O 0.01 M KCl/H2O 0.001 M KF/H2O 0.002 M KF/H2O 0.001 M KF/methanol 0.001 M KNO3+0.01 M KF/H2O 0.001 N KNO3+0.01 N KF 1 N K2SO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 M LiCl/methanol 0.01 M LiCl/ethanol 0.01 N LiCl/1-butanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-butanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-propanol 0.01 N LiCl/1-pentanol 0.01 N LiCl/quinoline LiF/methanol 0.005 N LiClO4/methanol 0.003 N LiClO4/ethanol 0.005 N LiClO4/ethanol 0.005 N LiClO4/1-propanol 0.005 N LiClO4/1-propanol 0.001 N LiClO4/2-propanol 0.005 N LiClO4/2-propanol 0.005 N LiClO4/1-butanol 0.005 N LiClO4/iso-butanol 0.005 N LiClO4/2-butanol 0.005 N LiClO4/dimethylsulfoxide 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/methanol 0.002 M NaF/acetonitrile 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O n.a.

P T T IM T T T P P S S IM IM IM IM IM IM IM T T T T T T T T T T T T S S T T T T T T EE

–0.64 –0.4 –0.4 –0.358 –0.625 –0.39 –0.22 –0.63 –0.39 –0.34 –0.64 –0.513 –0.529 –0.67 –0.66 –0.609 –0.67 –1.184 –0.259 –0.239 –0.189 –0.209 –0.209 –0.209 –0.179 –0.179 –0.229 –0.239 –0.199 –0.239 –0.34 –0.34 –0.354 5) –0.369 7) –0.374 8) –0.249 9) –0.229 9) –0.159 –0.37

74Rot 66Pal 66Pal 62Jak1 77Pal 69Pal 72Pet1 74Rot 74Bro1 69And 69And 64Jak2 64Jak2 68Jak1 65Jak1 65Jak1 65Jak1 68Jak1 71Pet 79Vaa1 75Pal 79Vaa1 78Vaa 79Vaa1 80Vae 79Vaa1 79Vaa1 88Vae 88Vae 76Pet 69And 69And 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 85Lus2 67Gri2

pH=7 pH=11

pH=7 pH=11

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Bi (001)

0.003 M KF/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.005 M LiClO4/ethanol 0.001 M NaBF4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/acetonitrile 0.001 M NaF/methanol 0.002 M NaF/methanol 0.001 M NaF/ethanol 0.001 M NaF/i-propanol 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.003 M KF/H2O 0.001 M KF/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.001 M LiClO4/ethanol 0.005 M LiClO4/ethanol 0.001 M NaBF4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/acetonitrile 0.001 M NaF/methanol 0.001 M NaF/ethanol 0.001 M NaF/i-propanol 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.003 M KF/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.001 M NaBF4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/acetonitrile 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.0025 M KF/H2O 0.001 M KF/H2O 0.003 M KF/H2O

Bi (011)

Bi (101)

Bi (111)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

Met. 3) T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

193 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4) –0.334 –0.414 –0.169 –0.189 –0.399 –0.344 –0.354 –0.169 –0.209 –0.209 –0.179 –0.169 –0.199 –0.219 –0.069 –0.339 –0.359 –0.429 –0.179 –0.199 –0.199 –0.409 –0.349 –0.349 –0.179 –0.229 –0.199 –0.219 –0.149 –0.119 0.001 –0.334 –0.409 –0.179 –0.389 –0.334 –0.344 –0.179 –0.099 –0.039 –0.049 –0.409 –0.409 –0.409

Ref. 85Lus1 90Lus 91Lus2 88Ann 90Lus 90Lus 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus1 97Lus2 97Lus2 85Lus2 86Lus1 86Lus2 85Lus1 77Pal 90Lus 91Lus2 86Ann 88Ann 90Lus 90Lus 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus2 85Lus2 86Lus1 86Lus2 85Lus1 90Lus 91Lus2 90Lus 90Lus 97Lus2 97Lus2 85Lus2 86Lus1 86Lus2 74Fru1 77Pal 85Lus1

194

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Bi (111)

0.005 M KF/H2O 0.005 M K2SO4/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/H2O 0.013 M LiClO4/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.001 M LiClO4/ethanol 0.005 M LiClO4/ethanol 0.001 M NaBF4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/acetonitrile 0.001 M NaF/methanol 0.001 M NaF/i-propanol 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/acetonitrile 0.002 M NaF/methanol 0.001 M NaF/ethanol 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 M KF/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/ethanol 0.001 M NaBF4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/acetonitrile 0.001 M NaF/ethanol 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Bi (211)

Bi-Cu alloy

Cadmium (Cd)

0.001 M HCl+0.01 M KCl/H2O 0.011 N K2S2O8/H2O 0.005 N KCl/H2O 0.001 N KCl/H2O 0.005 N KCl/H2O

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

55 at% Bi 30 at% Bi 18 at% Bi 8 at% Bi 4 at% Bi

T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T EE EE EE EE EE

–0.42 –0.439 –0.459 –0.239 –0.169 –0.209 –0.209 –0.424 –0.409 –0.414 –0.259 –0.279 –0.209 –0.414 5) –0.409 6) –0.389 7) –0.379 8) –0.384 10) –0.384 9) –0.379 11) –0.259 5) –0.279 5) –0.209 –0.249 –0.249 –0.019 –0.329 –0.409 –0.219 –0.384 –0.334 –0.329 –0.169 –0.219 –0.179 –0.35 –0.345 –0.33 –0.32 –0.27

74Fru3 74Fru1 90Lus 81Ann 91Lus2 86Ann 88Ann 90Lus 90Lus 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus2 85Lus2 86Lus1 86Lus2 77Pal 90Lus 86Ann 90Lus 90Lus 97Lus2 97Lus2 97Lus2 91Lus2 67Gri2 67Gri2 67Gri2 67Gri2 67Gri2

P ER T T T

–1.025 –0.95 –0.92 –0.91 –0.92

74Rot 52Nik 50Bor 67Ham1 50Bor

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Cd (001) Cd (110) Cd (0001)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Solution 1) 0.005 N KCl/H2O 0.005 N KCl/H2O 0.005 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl+0.001 N HCl/H2O 1.0 N KCl/H2O 0.001 N KClO4/H2O 0.01 N KF/H2O 1.5 M LiClO4/dimethylformamide 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.02 M NaF/H2O 0.026 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaNO3/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.8 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M LiClO4/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaNO2/H2O

Comments 2)

pH=2 pH=4 pH=6 pH=7 pH=2 pH=4 pH=6 pH=7

Met. 3) T H H T P T T T S T T T T T T S T T T T T S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

195 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4) –0.9 –0.7 –0.70 –0.93 –0.8 –0.95 –0.91 –0.78 12) –0.63 –0.74 13) –0.75 –0.72 –0.72 –0.75 –0.803 –0.69 –0.8 –0.77 –0.684 –0.68 –0.73 –0.66 14) –0.73 15) –0.9 –0.9 –0.9 –0.9 –0.7 16) –0.7 16) –0.7 16) –0.7 16) –0.913 –0.709 –0.769 –0.759 –0.784 –0.749 –0.709 –0.729 6) –0.729 15) –0.709 5) –0.729 6) –0.729 7) –0.759 8) –0.774

Ref. 55Fru 55Fru 56Ven 50Bor 74Bro1 50Bor 67Ham1 73Ryb3 80Kar 69Bar1 72Pan1 91Agl 68Bar 72Lei 91Obr 80Kar 72Ham 75Mis 80Pan 65Gri 75Non 75Non 75Non 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 91Obr 97Lus2 97Lus2 96Lus1 92Nan 89Nan 96Lus1 96Lus1 96Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 92Nan

196

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Cd (0001)

0.005 M NaNO3/H2O 0.005 M LiClO4/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O

T T T T T

–0.784 –0.799 –0.759 –0.739 8) –0.749

92Nan 96Lus1 96Lus1 96Lus1 96Lus1

0.005 M LiClO4/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KI/H2O

T T T T T T T S S S S S S S S S S S S

–0.799 –0.779 5) –0.749 7) –0.759 –0.769 –0.749 8a) –0.739 –0.423 –0.431 –0.444 –0.456 –0.48 –0.538 –0.345 –0.360 –0.4 –0.434 –0.466 –0.653

96Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus1 97Lus2 96Lus1 96Lus1 96Lus1 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru 30Fru

not reported

n.a.

–1.7

53Vas

1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KBr/H2O 1 N KBr/H2O 4 N KBr/H2O 1 N KI/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.5 N NaCl/H2O 1 N NaOH/H2O 0.05 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.005 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O

CA CA CA CA CA CA S H CA IA CA IA T

0.07 0.07 0.0 18) 0.07 0.0 18) –0.13 –0.26 0.25 0.07 0.05 0.22 0.07 –0.359

43Chu 43Chu 71Mor 43Chu 71Mor 43Chu 69And 49Ven 43Chu 40Kuc 43Chu 40Kuc 95Koe

not reported

n.a.

–1.61

53Vas

not reported

n.a.

–2.59

53Vas

Cd (1010)

Cd (1011)

Cd (1120)

Cd (1121) Cd amalgam 17)

Calcium (Ca) Carbon (C)

Cerium (Ce) Cesium (Cs)

Comments 2)

0.0003 % Cd 0.001 % Cd 0.004 % Cd 0.01 % Cd 0.1 % Cd 4.8 % Cd 0.004 % Cd 0.01 % Cd 0.1 % Cd 1 % Cd 4.8 % Cd 4.8 % Cd

pH=7

pH=7

2 mol% In

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Chromium (Cr)

0.05 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/H2O

Cobalt (Co)

0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O

Copper (Cu)

0.03 M Cu2SO4+0.05 M Na4P2O7/ H2O 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.0001 m KBr/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 0.0001 M KCl/H2O 0.0001M KCl/H2O 0.001 M KCl/H2O 0.001M KCl/H2O 0.01M KCl/H2O 0.01M KCl/H2O 0.1M KCl/H2O 0.1M KCl/H2O 0.1M KCl/H2O 0.3 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.0025 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Cl–/H2O 0.01M LiCl/methanol 0.01M LiCl/ethanol 0.01 N LiCl/1-butanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-butanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-propanol 0.01 N LiCl/1-pentanol 0.01 N LiCl/quinoline

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

pH=5.6 pH=1 pH=1 pH=2 pH=3 pH=3 pH=4 pH=5 pH=5 pH=6

Met. 3)

pH=2.7...11 pH=5.7 pH=4.2 pH=3.7 pH=3.2

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

CA CA

–0.45 –0.45

55Uks1 55Uks1

S T T T T T T T T T

–0.43 –0.32 –0.32 –0.405 –0.43 –0.43 –0.465 –0.475 –0.46 –0.48

78Laz 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe

0.11

53Lev1

ER

pH=7

197

OA OA T OA IM S IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM S IM IM S T T T T T IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM

–0.052 –0.052 0.101 –0.052 0.073 19) –0.74 0.073 0.078 0.073 0.075 0.073 0.073 –0.012 –0.012 –0.35 –0.049 –0.122 –0.51 –0.73 –0.72 –0.70 –0.64 –0.04 0.075 –0.072 –0.147 –0.236 –0.2 –0.214 –0.21 –0.764

73Lou 73Lou 01Ma 73Lou 68Koz 74Cla2 62Jak1 64Jak1 62Jak1 64Jak1 62Jak1 64Jak1 62Jak1 64Jak1 64Per 64Jak1 64Jak1 74Cla2 04Luk 04Luk 04Luk 04Luk 70Ego2 65Jak1 64Jak2 64Jak2 68Jak1 65Jak1 65Jak1 68Jak1 68Jak1

198

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Cu

0.003 N NaCl/H2O 0.025 M NaClO4/H2O 0.0001 M NaF/H2O 0.0001M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1M NaF/H2O 0.3M NaF/H2O 1 M NaF/H2O 1 M NaF/H2O 0.0001 M F–/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/H2O 0.05 M Na4P2O7/H2O 0.05 M Na4P2O7/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+ NaOH)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+ NaOH)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+ NaOH)/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 M Na2SO4+K2S2O7/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol

Comments 2)

1< pH <7 7< pH <10 pH=11 pH=12

3 %wt 6.3 %wt 9.4 %wt 11 %wt 15.3 %wt 25.1 %wt 32.1 %wt 43.4 %wt 56 %wt

Met. 3) T T IM IM T IM IM T IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM CA CA ER T IM T T T T IM IM T T OA F CA OA T EC ER IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4) –0.03 0.025 0.073 0.079 0.05 0.073 0.075 0.09 0.073 0.072 0.073 0.068 0.073 0.073 0.077 0.075 0.05 0.15 0.11 –0.433 –0.035 0.025 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.189 20) –0.03 0.03 –0.45 –0.053 –0.26 –0.04 –0.053 –0.059 –0.049 0.0 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.197 0.14 0.165 0.155

Ref. 70Ego2 72Nov2 62Jak1 64Jak1 91Agl 62Jak1 64Jak1 70Ego1 62Jak1 64Jak1 62Jak1 64Jak1 64Jak1 62Jak1 64Jak1 65Jak1 55Uks1 55Uks1 53Lev1 86Dag 95Tur 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 90Sok 97Tur 57Khe 86Dag 73Lou 61Sta 65Bon 73Lou 59McM 65Bon 55Fru 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Cu (100)

Cu (110)

Cu (111)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol n.a. n.a. 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaClO4/H2O 0.04 M NaClO4/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M KClO4/H2O 0.005 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaClO4/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M NaF/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaClO4/H2O 0.04 M NaClO4/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.007 M NaF/H2O

63.8 %wt 77 %wt

IM IM EC EE T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T C T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

pH=5.7 pH=4.2 pH=3.7 pH=3.2

pH=5.7 pH=4.2 pH=3.7 pH=3.2

pH=5.7 pH=4.2 pH=3.7 pH=3.2

199 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4) 0.15 0.14 –0.040 21) 0.03 –0.73 –0.72 –0.71 –0.62 –0.723 –0.54 –0.049 –0.050 22) –0.075 23) –0.05 23) –0.05 24) –0. 075 23) –0.05 23) –0.05 23) –0.459 –0.689 –0.689 –0.75 –0.73 –0.72 –0.66 –0.748 –0.074 –0.124 –0.075 22) –0.125 23) –0.075 23) –0.125 23) –0.025 24) –0.125 23) –0.124 –0.124 –0.629 –0.70 –0.68 –0.65 –0.55 –0.698 –0.2 –0.014 –0.125 23)

Ref. 95Tur 95Tur 32Pro 67Gri2 04Luk 04Luk 04Luk 04Luk 06Luk 85Lec 72Nov1 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 79Hen 97For 97For 04Luk 04Luk 04Luk 04Luk 06Luk 72Nov1 72Nov1 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 75Max 78Max 79Hen 04Luk 04Luk 04Luk 04Luk 06Luk 85Lec 72Nov1 73Nov

200

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Cu (111)

0.007 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.050 M Na2SO4/H2O

T T T T T T

–0.024 –0.025 22) –0.025 22) –0.125 23) 0.076 –0.329

75Max 73Nov 73Nov 73Nov 78Max 79Hen

Gallium 25) (Ga)

0.006 N HCl/H2O HClO4, HCl/H2O HClO4, HCl/H2O

T EC T

–0.700 –0.69 –0.69

0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.006 N H2SO4/H2O 0.9 N KBr+0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.9 M KBr+0.1 M HCl/H2O 1 N KBr+HCl/H2O 1 N KBr+HCl/H2O 1 N KBr+HCl/H2O 1 N KBr+HCl/H2O 1 M KCl+HCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.9 N KCl+0.1 N HCl/H2O 1 N KCl+0.1 N HCl/H2O 1 N KCl+HCl/H2O 1 N KCl+HCl/H2O 1 N KCl+HCl/H2O 1 N KCl+HCl/H2O 1 N KCl+0.01 N HCl/H2O 1 M KCl+HCl/H2O 1 N KI+HCl/H2O 1 N KI+HCl/H2O 1 N KI+HCl/H2O 1 N KI+HCl/H2O 0.1 M KOH/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.06...0.63 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O+ 0.1 M n-C5H11OH 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/N-methylformamide 0.1 M NaClO4/dimethylsulphoxide 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4+HClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4+HClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4+HClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4+ClO4/H2O

TC T S S EC T T EC EC EC S EC EC T EC T CA S EC T EC T EC S T; C T

–0.645 –0.680 26) –0.73 –0.73 –0.799 –0.789 –1.03 –1.04 –0.62 –0.96 –0.7 –0.6 –0.769 –0.759 –1.01 –1.0 –0.42 –0.71 –0.869 –0.859 –1.11 –1.1 –0.58 –0.63 –0.64 –0.94

68Bag 66Mor 66Fru1, 68Bag 66But2 72Gri4 67Per 74Cla2 64Fru1 64Fru2 65Fru1 65Fru1 36Mur 66Mor 67Per 55Fru 64Fru1 64Fru1 65Fru1 65Fru1 34Gor 74Cla2 64Fru1 64Fru2 65Fru1 65Fru1 67Pol 69And 93Inn 71Fru

EC T T S EC T EC T

–0.96 –0.669 –1.025 –0.63 –0.659 –0.649 –0.9 –0.89

66Mor 96Eme 78Bag 69And 64Fru1 64Fru2 65Fru1 65Fru1

pH=1

pH=7

pH=1

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Ga amalgam

Ga/In alloy

Ga/Tl alloy 27)

Solution 1) 1 N NaClO4+1 N HClO4/H2O 0.01...1 N (NaClO4+HClO4)/H2O 0.01...0.63 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.9 N Na2SO4+0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.45 M Na2SO4+0.05 M H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KOH/H2O 0.1 M KOH/H2O 0.1 M KOH/H2O 0.1 M KOH/H2O 0.1 M KOH/H2O 0.1 M KOH/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O+ 0.1 M n-C5H11OH 1 N NaBr/H2O 1 N NaBr/H2O 1 N NaCl/H2O 1 N NaCl/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/N-methylformamide 1 N NaI/H2O 1 N NaI/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O

Germanium 0.1 N HCl/H2O not reported (Ge) Gold (Au)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.0749 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O HClO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O

Comments 2)

0.001 at% Ga 0.004 at% Ga 0.03 at% Ga 0.18 at% Ga 0.36 at% Ga 0.7at % Ga 89.36 at% Ga 83.3 % Ga/ 16.7 % In 19.2 at% In 83.3 % Ga/ 16.7 % In

p- and n-type

Met. 3)

201 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

T T T; C S S EC T EC T PC T EC EC EC EC EC EC TC T

–0.61 –0.64 –0.68 –0.63 –0.63 –0.689 –0.684 –0.93 –0.925 –0.684 –0.645 –1.3 –1.3 –1.0 –0.96 –0.91 –0.88 –0.589 –0.68

65Fru1 90Pez 93Inn 67Per 74Cla2 64Fru1 64Fru2 65Fru1 65Fru1 85Pez 65Fru1 67Pol 67Pol 67Pol 67Pol 67Pol 67Pol 66But2 72Gri1

TC T

–0.666 –1.02

66But2 71Fru

EC T EC T EC,T T EC T EC,T

–0.859 –0.849 –0.779 –0.769 –0.759 –0.639 28) –0.959 –0.959 –0.709

78Bul 78Bul 78Bul 78Bul 78Bul 96Eme 78Bul 78Bul 78Bul

T n.a.

–0.66 –0.34

59Efi 53Vas

S EB S G S OA T IM T OA PE

–0.01 –0.00 –0.07 0.14 –0.06 0.086 0.199 0.34 0.17 0.3 0.207

73Non 74Fre 67Bod 88Mur 64And 52Hil 77Cla 73Kim 69Boc1 63Gre 96Jin

202

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Au

0.001 M HClO4+1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.005 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 N HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M H2SO4/H2O 0.0087 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4+Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.02 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N KBr/H2O 0.01 N KBr/H2O 0.01 N KBr/H2O 0.1 N KBr/H2O 0.1 N KBr/H2O 0.1 N KBr/H2O 0.1 N KBr/H2O 0.001 N KCl/H2O 0.001 N KCl/H2O 0.001 N KCl/H2O 0.0025 N KCl/H2O 0.005 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.02 N KCl/H2O 0.05 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O KClO4/H2O 0.1 N KClO4/H2O 0.1 N KClO4/H2O 0.1 N KClO4/H2O 0.1 N KClO4/H2O 0.005 N KF/H2O

Comments 2)

pH=3 pH=4

4< pH <12

0< pH <6

pH=7

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

OA PE F PE T F S T G S T T T G T S T S S S

0.3 0.177 0.15 0.155 0.24 0.1 0.12 0.330 0.3 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.23 0.28 –0.179 –0.22 –0.18 –0.13 –0.26 –0.24

R S DR T T T T T T T T S ED R S S S H T T S R EB PC

–0.46 –0.01 –0.05 –0.001 0.061 0.031 0.001 –0.029 –0.069 –0.089 0.06 –0.07 0.0 –0.21 –0.11 –0.09 –0.06 0.15 0.199 0.24 –0.180 –0.160 0.336 0.181

Ref. 63Gre 96Jin 69Boc1 96Jin 63Sch1 69Boc1 73Non 72Car 89Mur 67Bod 69Boc1 69Boc1 64Kra 88Mur 75Huo 73Non 73Cla 73Non 65Per 64And, 67Bod 76Lin 73Non 62Vor 75Huo 68Cla1 68Cla1 68Cla1 68Cla1 68Cla1 68Cla1 73Cla 73Non 71Fre 76Lin 65Per 64Per 64And 56Ven 77Cla 86Ric1 65Per 76Lin 96Efi 80Brz

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1) 0.01 N KF/H2O 0.01 N KF/methanol 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.001 N KI/H2O 0.001 N KI/H2O 0.01 N KI/H2O 0.01 N KI/H2O 0.1 N KI/H2O

0.1 N KI/H2O 0.005 M KNO3/H2O 0.02 M KNO3/H2O 0.035 M KNO3/H2O 0.05 M KNO3/H2O 0.1 N KNO3/H2O 0.1 N KNO3/H2O 1 N KNO3/H2O 0.001 N KOH/H2O 0.1 N KOH/H2O 0.1 N KOH/H2O 0.1 N KSCN/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.017 N K2SO4/H2O 0.0005 N La(NO)3/H2O 0.0005 N La(NO)3/H2O 0.003 M LiClO4/ dimethylsulphoxide 0.005 M LiClO4/ dimethylsulphoxide 0.0055 M LiClO4/ dimethylsulphoxide 0.01 M LiClO4/dimethylsulphoxide 0.03 M LiClO4/dimethylsulphoxide 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.02 M LiNO3/H2O 0.035 M LiNO3/H2O 0.05 M LiNO3/H2O 0.1 M LiNO3/H2O 0.02 M LiNO3/methanol 0.035 M LiNO3/methanol 0.05 M LiNO3/methanol Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

5< pH <12

0< pH <6

Met. 3)

203 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

T PC S CA S T T S S

0.180 0.26 –0.060 0.1 –0.34 –0.459 –0.46 –0.5 –0.47

R T PC PC PC S R FL S R CA S S EB R S T DR DR T

–0.74 0.171 0.041 0.011 –0.029 –0.04 –0.16 0.43 –0.06 –0.16 0.1 –0.44 0.08 0.241 –0.06 0.06 0.1 –0.05 –0.05 0.454

73Cla 83Brz 65Per 71Mor 73Non 75Huo 73Cla 73Non 65Per, 64And, 67Bod 76Lin 68Cla1 80Brz 80Brz 80Brz 65Per 76Lin 51Pfü 73Non 76Lin 71Mor 65Per 73Non 95Lan 76Lin 65Per 67Pet1 62Vor 63Vor 87Jar

T

0.249

88Bor2

T

0.444

87Jar

T T T PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

0.464 0.454 0.896 0.041 0.011 –0.029 –0.059 0.297 0.320 0.170

87Jar 87Jar 87Ham2 83Brz 83Brz 83Brz 83Brz 83Brz 83Brz 83Brz

204

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Au

0.1 M LiNO3/methanol 0.1 M LiNO3/methanol 0.00025 M MgSO4/H2O 0.1 N NaBr/H2O

PC PC T S

0.155 0.095 0.181 –0.24

0.001 N NaCl/H2O 0.1 N NaCl/H2O 0.01 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/propylene carbonate 0.1 N NaClO4+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4+HClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.00025 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.0024 M NaF/H2O 0.0025 M NaF/H2O 0.0048 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.0072 M NaF/H2O 0.0095 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.02 M NaF/H2O 0.02 M NaF/H2O 0.04 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaI/H2O 0.1 N NaOH/H2O 0.1 N NaOH/H2O 0.1 N NaOH/H2O 0.0005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O

S S OA S CA PE T PE PE S S PE T PE S PE T PE PE PE PE T T PE T T PE PE S G S PE S S S G PE S T S

–0.01 –0.07 0.37 0.14 0.241 0.18 0.4 0.22 –0.29 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.181 0.28 0.13 0.098 0.18 0.116 0.273 0.087 0.119 0.2 0.18 0.138 0.181 0.189 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.17 0.1 0.278 –0.53 –0.09 –0.08 0.11 0.107 0.11 0.09 0.09 15)

pH=2.3 pH=12 pH=7 pH=11

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref. 83Brz 83Brz 74Cla1 67Bod, 64And 73Non 67Bod 69Boc1 67Bod 71Shi 99Uen 85Ngu 95Rai 95Rai 69And 69And 96Seo 74Cla1 96Jin 73Non 92Dic 73Cla 92Dic 96Jin 92Dic 92Dic 78Zel2 73Cla 92Dic 69Cla 73Cla 92Dic 92Dic 67Bod 87Mur 73Non 96Jin 67Bod 67Bod 64And 88Mur 96Jin 73Non 75Non 75Non

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Au (100)

Au (100)(5x20) Au (100)(1x1) Au (110)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Solution 1) 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4+0.001 M H2SO4+ 5·10–5 M Ag2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.2 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.4 M N LiBr+0.1 M LiCl/butan-1-ol 0.4 M N LiBr+0.1 M LiCl/butan-2-ol 0.4 M N LiBr+0.1 M LiCl/ 2-methylpropan-1-ol 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.005 M LiClO4/ dimethylsulphoxide 0.0025 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.020 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M K2SO4/H2O 0.00096 M KPF6/H2O 0.002 M TEAC 31)/acetonitrile 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4+5 mM KI/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O

Comments 2)

3 wt% 6.3 wt% 9.4 wt% 11 wt% 15.3 wt% 25.1 wt% 32.1 wt% 43.4 wt% 56 wt% 63.8 wt% 77 wt%

pH=5.6

2(111)-(111)

Met. 3)

205 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

S IM IM IM PE PE

0.09 14) 0.284 20) 0.06 –0.39 0.09 0.9 29)

75Non 90Sok 95Tur 97Tur 96Jin 94Seo

IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM S T VIB VIB VIB

0.155 0.225 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.2 0.225 0.22 0.207 0.2 0.195 0.14 0.23 –0.29 30) –0.05 30) –0.19 30)

95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 67Bod 64Kra 96Pem 96Pem 96Pem

PC T T T T T

0.191 0.291 0.341 0.29 0.341 0.229

62Sch1 94Ham 85Kol 96Sil 90Ric 88Bor2

0.381 0.381 0.341 0.341 0.301 0.02 0.388 –0.05 32) 0.541

71Ham1 76Ham 78Lec 82Lec 80Kof 69Ham2 87Ham1 95Pan1 86Kol

T T T T T T T T T T T PC T

0.321 0.559 33) 0.241 0.2

86Kol 94Gao 62Sch1 96Sil

206

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Au (110)

0.1 M HClO4+50 mM KI/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.005 M LiClO4/ dimethylsulphoxide 0.0025 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.02 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M K2SO4/H2O 0.00096 M KPF6/H2O 0.005 M K2SO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O

Au(110)(1x2) Au(110)(1x1) Au (111)

Au(111)(1x23) Au(111)(1x1) Au (210)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

T T T

0.409 0.191 0.374

94Gao 90Ric 88Bor2

T T T T T T T T

0.191 0.177 0.191 0.151 0.1 0.201 0.101 0.201

71Ham1 82Lec 76Ham 80Kof 69Ham2 87Ham1 74Ham 86Kol

0.01 M HClO4/H2O

T

0.221

86Kol

0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.01 M KPF6/H2O 0.005 M LiClO4/ dimethylsulphoxide 0.0025 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O

CV T IM R T T T T

pH=5.6 pH=5

T T T

0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.02 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M K2SO4/H2O 0.005 M K2SO4/H2O 0.00096 M KPF6/H2O 0.002 M TEAC 31)/acetonitrile 0.002 M TEAC 31)/acetonitrile 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O

pH=5.6 pH=5

T T T T T T T EC EC EC EC T T T

0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O

2(100)-(110) 2(110)-(101)

T T

0.52 0.52 0.53 –0.25 0.516 0.521 0.561 0.204

00Alv 96Sil 96Ham1 98Bru 90Ric 01Li 92Lec 88Bor2

0.501 0.571 0.571

71Ham1 74Lec 75Lec1, 75Lec2, 76Ham 82Lec 80Kof 69Ham2 74Ham 87Ham1 95Pan1 95Pan1 04Iwa 04Iwa 04Iwa 04Iwa 86Kol 85Kol 86Kol

0.571 0.481 0.45 0.361 0.541 0.2 32) 0.2 32) –0.239 34) –0.209 35) –0.019 36) 0.759 37) 0.561 0.551 0.471 0.12 0.12

96Sil 96Sil Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Au (221) Au (310) Au (311)

Au (320) Au (331)

Au (332) Au (410) Au (511) Au (533)

Au (551) Au (554) Au (755) Au (771) Au (10.1.1) Au (11.9.9) Au (19.1.1) Indium (In)

Solution 1) 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.005 M LIClO4/ dimethylsulphoxide 0.01 M LiClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF+HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaBF4/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M KPF6/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O

pH=6.5 pH=5.6 pH=5.6 pH=5.6 pH=5.6 pH=5.6 2(100)-(111) 2(100)-(111) 2(111)-(100) pH=5.6 3(110)-(100) pH=5.6 3(111)-(111) 3(111)-(111) 2(110)-(111) pH=5.6 6(111)-(111) 4(100)-(110) pH=5.6 pH=5.6 2(100)-(111) 4(111)-(100) pH=5.6 pH=5.6 pH=5.6 7/3(111)-(111) pH=5.6 pH=5.6 pH=5.6

0.001 M HCl+0.01 M KCl/H2O 2 N H2SO4/H2O 2 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.003 M NaF/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

pH=7 pH=7

Met. 3)

207 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

T T

0.141 0.414

90Ric 88Bor2

T C T C C T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

0.161 0.121 0.104 0.096 0.151 0.204 0.122 0.241 0.259 0.241 0.24 0.24 0.122 0.13 0.286 0.216 0.22 0.22 0.304 0.22 0.2 0.241 0.307 0.303 0.31 0.186 0.217 0.413 0.377 0.401 0.18 0.268 0.459 0.313

82Ham2 82Ham1 82Lec 82Ham1 82Ham1 82Lec 82Lec 90Ric 82Lec 93Sil 96Sil 96Sil 82Lec 96Sil 82Lec 93Sil 96Sil 96Sil 82Lec 96Sil 96Sil 82Lec 82Lec 93Sil 96Sil 82Lec 93Sil 82Lec 82Lec 92Lec 96Sil 82Lec 82Lec 82Lec

P ER ER

–0.9 –0.8 –0.65

S T S

–0.65 –0.65 –0.64

74Rot 70Rot2 70Rot2 38 ) 69And 72Gri3 69And

208

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

In amalgam

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

4.7 10–3 mol% In 9.4 10–3 mol% In 0.015 mol% In 0.094 mol% In 0.11 mol% In 0.11 mol% In 0.138 mol% In 0.49 mol% In 0.49 mol% In 0.92 mol% In 0.9 at% In 1.14 mol% In 1.14 mol% In 1.23 mol% In 1.71 mol% In 2 mol% In 2.04 mol% In 2.04 mol% In 3.9 mol% In 3.9 at% In 4.6 mol% In 4.6 mol% In 5.0 mol% In 5.95 mol% In 5.97 mol% In 5.97 mol% In 8.4 mol% In 8.4 at% In 10.0 mol% In 10.0 mol% In 10 mol% In 10.02 mol% In 10.02 mol% In 10.3 mol% In 10.3 mol% In 16.3 mol% In 20.0 mol% In 20 mol% In 20.34 mol% In 20 mol% In 20.34 mol% In 20.0 mol% In 20.0 mol% In

TC

–0.255

TC

–0.268

64But1 39 ) 64But1

TC TC EC EC TC EC EC TC T EC EC TC EC T EC EC TC T EC EC TC EC TC TC TC T TC TC T TC TC EC EC TC TC T TC TC TC EC EC

–0.229 –0.281 –0.449 –0.33 –0.271 –0.471 –0.33 –0.322 –0.322 –0.525 –0.38 –0.324 –0.34 –0.359 –0.525 –0.39 –0.36 –0.36 –0.568 –0.41 –0.366 –0.37 –0.37 –0.365 –0.382 –0.387 –0.403 –0.416 –0.414 –0.391 –0.369 –0.622 –0.46 –0.434 –0.457 –0.469 –0.445 –0.471 –0.457 –0.457 –0.667

66But1 64But1 65Pol 65Pol 66But1 65Pol 65Pol 64But1 65But6 65Pol 65Pol 66But1 68Pol 95Koe 65Pol 65Pol 64But1 65But6 65Pol 65Pol 66But1 68Pol 66But1 66But1 64But1 65But6 66But1 66But1 95Koe 66But1 66But1 65Pol 65Pol 64But1 64But1 95Koe 66But1 66But1 66But1 68Pol 65Pol

0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O In/Ga (eu- 1 N KBr/H2O tectic alloy) 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KI/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/N-methylformamide 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile

Iridium (Ir)

0.01 N NaCl+0.001 N HCl 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O

Iron (Fe)

n.a./H2O 0.003 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.3 N HClO4/H2O 0.001 N H2SO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

209

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

20.0 mol% In 30.0 mol% In 30 mol% In 30.2 mol% In 30.2 mol% In 30.4 mol% In 38.9 mol% In 39.83 mol% In 39.89 mol% In 39.89 mol% In 40 mol% In 40 mol% In 42.7 mol% In 48.5 mol% In 48.5 mol% In 50.0 mol% In 50 mol% In 52.2 mol% In 57.7 mol% In 57.7 mol% In 60 mol% In 63.02 mol% In 63.02 mol% In 63.02 mol% In 63.6 mol% In 64.4 mol% In 64.5 mol% In

EC TC T EC EC TC EC TC TC TC TC T EC EC EC TC T TC EC EC T TC TC TC TC TC EC T T T T T T T

–0.54 –0.489 –0.526 –0.719 –0.58 –0.515 –0.63 –0.570 –0.524 –0.552 –0.525 –0.571 –0.545 –0.784 –0.66 –0.585 –0.610 –0.605 –0.816 –0.68 –0.639 –0.592 –0.622 –0.646 –0.621 –0.625 –0.646 –0.68 –0.74 –0.89 –0.68 –0.629 –0.68 –0.509

65Pol 64But1 95Koe 65Pol 65Pol 64But1 65Pol 66But1 66But1 66But1 64But1 95Koe 68Pol 65Pol 65Pol 64But1 95Koe 64But1 65Pol 65Pol 95Koe 66But1 66But1 66But1 64But1 64But1 68Pol 72Gri5 72Gri5 72Gri5 72Gri5 96Eme 72Gri5 75Bag

P S S S S

–0.63 –0.04 –0.17 –0.04 –0.17

74Bro1 69And 69And 69And 69And

n.a. DR DR T T

–0.02 –0.4 –0.4 –0.28 –0.37

58Ant 63Vor 63Vor 67Mur 55Aya, 55Fru

pH=7 pH=11 pH=7 pH=11

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

210

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Fe

0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 40) 0.1 M KF/H2O 0.3 N NaBr/H2O 0.3 N NaCl/H2O 0.3 N NaClO4/H2O 0.3 N NaI/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 40) 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.3 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 N NaClO4+3 mM HClO4/ H2O 0.01 N NaClO4+3 mM HClO4/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O

Fe (100) Fe (111) Fe-Ni alloy

0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O

Comments 2)

pH=3.5 pH=3.5

pH=3.5

3 wt% 6.3 wt% 9.4 wt% 11 wt% 15.3 wt% 25.1 wt% 32.1 wt% 43.4 wt% 56 wt% 63.8 wt% 77 wt% pH=1.5 pH=3

pH=3.2, 5 % Fe pH=3.2, 8 % Fe pH=3.2, 12 % Fe pH=3.2, 20 % Fe pH=3.2, 25 % Fe pH=3.2, 40 % Fe pH=3.2, 50 % Fe pH=3.2, 60 % Fe

Met. 3) T T T PE PE PE PE T S IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM T T PE T

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4) –0.33 –0.7 –0.7 –0.65 –0.65 –0.52 –0.64 –0.7 –0.64 0.074 20) –0.16 –0.13 –0.3 0.075 0.13 0.142 0.095 0.025 0.1 0.105 0.095 0.08 0.065 –0.325 –0.48 –0.59 –0.72

Ref. 55Aya 75Ryb2 76Ryb 97Seo 97Seo 97Seo 97Seo 75Ryb2 78Laz 90Sok 95Tur 97Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 57Khe 57Khe 97Seo 79Bat

T T

–0.69 –0.345

79Bat 57Kra

T

–0.353

57Kra

T

–0.36

57Kra

T

–0.375

57Kra

T

–0.38

57Kra

T

–0.383

57Kra

T

–0.383

57Kra

T

–0.382

57Kra

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O

pH=3.2, 70 % Fe pH=3.2, 80 % Fe pH=3.2, 90 % Fe

T

–0.384

57Kra

T

–0.382

57Kra

T

–0.383

57Kra

0.001 M HCl+0.01 M KCl/H2O 0.0034 N HNO3/H2O 0.0056 N H3PO4/H2O 0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.0027 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001 M KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.001 M KCl/H2O KCl/H2O 0.0027 N KNO3/H2O 0.25 N NaCH3COO/glacial acetic acid 0.01 N NaCl+0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N NaCl/H2O

P T T T AE T DR T H T DR H T T

–0.85 –0.59 –0.59 –0.67 –0.62 –0.59 0.2 –0.69 –0.60 –0.75 0.2 –0.37 –0.59 –0.6

74Rot 71Car 71Car 55Fru 66Kuk2 71Car 59Vor 48Bor 49Ven 50Bor 59Vor 44Reb 71Car 72Pan3

P H

–0.6 –0.62

1 N NaCl/H2O 1 N NaCl/H2O 0.001 N NaF/H2O 0.01 N NaF/H2O 0.01 N NaF/H2O 0.026 N NaF/H2O 0.001 N NaF/methanol 1 N NaOH/H2O 1 N NaOH/H2O 0.001 M Na2SO4+0.001 N K2S2O8/ H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O

H H T T T T T H H ER

–0.6 –0.63 –0.56 –0.56 –0.6 –0.59 0.921 –0.58 –0.55 –0.65

74Bro1 55Fru, 56Ven 49Ven 44Reb 67Ryb 67Ryb 89Saf 78Mis 76Ush 44Reb 49Ven 55Fru

T T H H H H H

–0.6 –0.64 –0.6 –0.59 –0.56 –0.59 –0.6

89Saf 67Ryb 52Ven 44Reb 49Ven 56Ven 66Kuk1

S2 O82– /H2O KF/MeOH 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O

T T FL

–0.65 –0.43 –0.7

57Khe 89Saf 69Lik

0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4 /H2O

Lead (Pb)

Pb (s.c.) 41)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

211 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

212

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Pb (s.c.) 41)

0.01 M NaBr/H2O 0.01 M NaCl/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.010 M NaF/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O

FL FL FL T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

–0.8 –0.71 –0.68 –0.56 –0.589 –0.59 –0.609 –0.59 –0.579 –0.58 –0.609 –0.58 –0.619 –0.62 –0.649 –0.62 –0.579 –0.58 –0.609 –0.58

69Lik 69Lik 69Lik 67Ryb 78Kme 89Saf 78Kme 89Saf 78Kme 89Saf 78Kme 89Saf 78Kme 89Saf 78Kme 89Saf 78Kme 89Saf 78Kme 89Saf

not reported

n.a.

–2.24

53Vas

Magnesium not reported (Mg)

n.a.

1.08

53Vas

Manganese (Mn)

not reported

n.a.

–1.01

53Vas

Mercury (Hg)

1 N BaCl2/H2O 1 N BaCl2/H2O 1 N CH3COONa/H2O 0.01 N CsF/H2O 0.1 N CsF/H2O 0.9 N CsF/H2O 0.1 N CsI/H2O 0.9 N CsI/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.03 M HCl/H2O 0.03 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 M (HCl+KCl/H2O)

CA EC CA T T T T T S T S T H S T CA CA S

–0.28 –0.28 –0.24 –0.193 –0.192 –0.189 –0.452 –0.532 0.133 42) 0.138 42) 0.142 0.147 0.19 43) 0.168 42) 0.182 42) –0.5 44) –0.259 –0.639

55Uks2 67Arg 55Uks2 58Dam 58Dam 58Dam 58Dam 58Dam 65Boc 65Boc 65Boc 65Boc 53Boc 65Boc 65Boc 71Mor 68Mor 86Hor

Pb (100)

Pb (110)

Pb (111)

Pb (112)

Lithium (Li)

Comments 2)

pH=1

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

213

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

0.1 M (HCl+KCl/H2O) 0.1 M (HCl+KCl/H2O) 0.1 M (HCl+KCl/H2O) 0.1 M (HCl+KCl/H2O) 0.1 M (HCl+KCl/H2O) 0.1 M (HCl+KCl/H2O) 0.3 M HCl/H2O 0.3 M HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 2.94 M HCl/H2O 2.94 M HCl/H2O 7.5 N HCl/H2O 0.01 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.25 M HPF6/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KBr/H2O 0.1 N KBr/H2O 1 N KBr+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N KBr/H2O 1 N KBr/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 45) 0.01 M KCl/ H2O+1,4-dioxane 0.01 M KCl/ H2O+1,4-dioxane 0.01 M KCl/ H2O+1,4-dioxane 0.1 m KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O

pH=1.3 pH=2.1 pH=3.2 pH=3.8 pH=4 pH=4.1

S S S S S S S T CA S EC T S T T TC TC T TC EC TC T EC, T EC CA EC S EC EC CA EC S P S P VE VE VE S EC T EC S S NS

–0.639 –0.643 –0.645 –0.663 –0.675 –0.684 0.214 42) 0.227 42) –0.3 0.290 42) –0.3 –0.321 0.401 42) 0.402 42) –0.562 –0.21 –0.23 –0.235 –0.229 –0.21 –0.282 –0.316 –0.241 –0.258 –0.23 –0.23 –0.277 –0.295 –0.395 –0.37 –0.37 –0.448 –0.199 –0.326 –0.199 –0.301 –0.271 –0.251 –0.224 –0.226 –0.190 –0.226 –0.226 –0.291 –0.240

5 wt% 10 wt% 20 wt%

Ref. 86Hor 86Hor 86Hor 86Hor 86Hor 86Hor 65Boc 65Boc 55Uks2 65Boc 67Arg 69Dek 65Boc 65Boc 69Dek 66But1 64But1 65But6 66But1 68Pol 66But1 69Dek 73Bau 38Win 55Uks2 67Arg 62Jen 52Gra 65Pol 55Uks2 67Arg 62Jen 69Ple 68Log 72Bro 83Mly 83Mly 83Mly 56Ran 49Gra 47Gra 52Gra 62Jen 68Log 98Pal

214

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Hg

1 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KClO4/H2O 0.01 N KClO4/H2O 0.1 N KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/dimethylsulfoxide 0.01 N KF/ H2O 0.1 N KCNS/H2O 1.1 N KCNS/H2O 3 N KCNS/H2O 3 N KCNS/H2O 0.1 N K2CO3/H2O 1 N K2CO3/H2O 1 N K2CO3/H2O 0.1 N KC2H3O2/H2O 0.001 N KF/ H2O 0.01 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KF/formamide 0.005...0.2 M KF/H2O 0.005...0.2 M KF/ethanediol 0.005...0.2 M KF/1,2-propanediol 0.005...0.2 M KF/1,3-propanediol 0.005...0.2 M KF/1,2-butanediol 0.005...0.2 M KF/1,3-butanediol 0.005...0.2 M KF/1,4-butanediol 0.005...0.2 M KF/2,3-butanediol 1 N KF/H2O 0.001 M KF+N2O/H2O 0.1 N KHCO2/H2O 1 N K2HPO4/H2O 1 N K2HPO4/H2O 0.001 N KI/H2O 0.1 N KI/H2O 0.1 N KI/H2O 0.1 N KI/H2O 1 N KI/H2O 3 N KI/H2O 0.01 N KNO3/H2O 0.1 N KNO3/H2O 0.1 N KNO3/H2O 1 N KNO3/H2O 1 N KNO3/H2O 1 N KNO3/H2O 3 N KNO3/H2O

Comments 2)

Met. 3) S CA CA EC S IM EC EC CA EC EC CA EC EC IM P CA CA VE T T T T T T T T EC P EC CA EC IM EC CA CA CA EC EC EC EC EC CA EC CA

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4) –0.275 –0.5 44) –0.259 –0.228 –0.226 –0.290 –0.348 –0.437 –0.49 –0.49 –0.193 –0.2 –0.2 –0.209 –0.193 –0.19 –0.209 –0.45 44) –0.510 –0.184 –0.089 –0.084 –0.154 –0.094 –0.154 –0.129 –0.089 –0.194 –0.43 –0.193 –0.21 –0.21 –0.287 –0.453 –0.479 –0.72 44) –0.6 44) –0.59 –0.246 –0.261 –0.236 –0.322 –0.28 –0.28 –0.59

Ref. 62Jen 71Mor 68Mor 52Gra 87Bor 71Jak 52Gra 36Erd 55Uks2 67Arg 52Gra 55Uks2 67Arg 52Gra 71Jak 74Bro1 68Mor 71Mor 83Mly 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 52Gra 74Rot 52Gra 55Uks2 67Arg 71Jak 52Gra 68Mor 71Mor 71Mor 67Arg 38Win 38Win 52Gra 38Win 55Uks2 67Arg 55Uks2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1) KNO3/H2O 0.1 N KOH/H2O 0.1 M KOH/H2O 0.1 N KOH/H2O 1 N KOH/H2O 1 N KOH/H2O 0.01 M KPF6/propylene carbonate 0.01 M KPF6/nitromethan 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/methanol 0.1 M KPF6/dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M KPF6/4-butyrolactone 0.1 M KPF6/4-valerolactone 0.1 M KPF6/propylene carbonate 0.1 M KPF6/propylene carbonate 0.1 M KPF6/ethylene carbonate 0.1 M KPF6/acetonitrile 0.1 M KPF6/dimethylformamide 0.1 M KClO4/dimethylsulfoxide 0.2 M KPF6/water 0.2 M KPF6/acetone 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 m K2SO4/H2O 1 N LaCl3/H2O 1 N LaCl3/H2O 0.01 M LiCl/methanol 0.1 M LiCl/H2O 1 M LiCl/H2O 3.1 M LiCl/glycerol 0.005...0.2 M LiClO4/ethanediol 0.005...0.2 M LiClO4/1,2-propanediol 0.005...0.2 M LiClO4/1,3-propanediol 0.005...0.2 M LiClO4/1,3-butanediol 0.005...0.2 M LiClO4/1,4-butanediol 0.005...0.2 M LiClO4/1,2-butanediol 0.005...0.2 M LiClO4/2,3-butanediol 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.1 M LiClO4/dimethylsulfoxide 0.1 M LiNO3/dimethylsulfoxide 0.2 M LiNO3/water 0.2 M LiNO3/acetone 0.1 N (NH4)2SO4/H2O 0.853 N NaBr/H2O 0.1 N NaBr/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

215

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

CA EC EC EC, T EC CA VE EC T VE T T T T VE T T T S T T EC T S CA EC S T T VE T T T T T T T T S S T T T EC S

–0.19 –0.196 –1.3 –0.176 –0.19 –0.19 –0.300 –0.204 –0.243 –0.120 –0.073 –0.039 –0.032 –0.089 –0.333 –0.093 –0.0093 –0.039 –0.226 –0.218 –0.058 –0.190 –0.189 –0.851 46) –0.32 –0.32 –0.392 47) –0.279 –0.229 –0.510 –0.089 –0.084 –0.154 –0.154 –0.129 –0.094 –0.089 –0.049 –0.226 –0.236 –0.253 –0.042 –0.199 –0.348 –0.220

Ref. 67Vet 52Gra 67Pol 73Bau 67Arg 55Uks2 83Mly 81Jur 67Pay 83Mly 67Pay 67Pay 67Pay 67Pay 83Mly 67Pay 67Pay 67Pay 87Bor 77Bor 77Bor 52Gra 73Iva 56Ran 55Uks2 67Arg 67Gar 70Tim 70Tim 83Mly 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 88Jap 87Ham2 87Bor 87Bor 77Bor 77Bor 73Iva 36Erd 62Jen

216

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Hg

1 N NaCH3COO/H2O 0.1 N NaCl/H2O 0.1 N NaCl/H2O 0.1 N NaCl/H2O 0.1 N NaCl/H2O 0.1 N NaCl/H2O 1 N NaCl/H2O 1.18 N NaCl/H2O 0.014 M NaClO4/methanol 0.05 M NaClO4/methanol 0.1 M NaClO4/methanol 0.1 M NaClO4/methanol 0.1 M NaClO4/methanol 0.1 M NaClO4/methanol 0.1 M NaClO4/methanol 0.1 M NaClO4/methanol 0.1 M NaClO4/formamide 0.1 M NaClO4/N-methylformamide 0.1 M NaClO4/N-methylformamide 0.1 M NaClO4/N-methylformamide 0.1 M NaClO4/N-methylformamide 0.1 M NaClO4/N-methylformamide 0.1 M NaClO4/dimethylsulfoxide 0.2 M NaClO4/methanol 0.2 M NaClO4/H2O 0.2 M NaClO4/acetone 1.08 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O NaF/H2O 0.01 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.9 N NaF/H2O 1 N NaF/H2O 0.25 N NaF/H2O 0.25 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaI/H2O 0.9 N NaI/H2O 1.09 N NaI/H2O 1.38 N NaNO3/H2O 0.1 m NaOH/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/H2O 0.514 M Na2S/H2O

Comments 2)

T=–5 °C T=10 °C T=25 °C T=40 °C

T=5 °C T=25 °C T=30 °C T=40 °C

Met. 3) EC EC EC T EC S S EC T T T T T T T VE VE EC EC EC EC T S T T T S T CA T T T EC T T EC S EC T T EC EC S S EC

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4) –0.24 –0.223 –0.225 –0.190 –0.235 –0.226 –0.275 –0.277 –0.326 48) –0.327 48) –0.330 48) –0.320 48) –0.325 48) –0.330 48) –0.335 48) –0.31 –0.215 –0.398 –0.401 –0.400 –0.420 –0.079 –0.226 –0.333 48) –0.244 –0.028 –0.250 0.03 –0.25 44) –0.273 –0.192 –0.193 –0.194 –0.193 –0.192 –0.192 –0.191 –0.199 –0.446 –0.519 –0.542 –0.279 –0.567 –0.524 –0.791

Ref. 67Arg 91Pas 03Gou 47Gra 49Gra 62Jen 62Jen 36Erd 81Bor 81Bor 81Bor 82Bor 82Bor 82Bor 82Bor 83Mly 83Mly 84Bor 84Bor 84Bor 84Bor 96Eme 87Bor 81Bor 77Bor 77Bor 36Erd 68Ham2 71Mor 95Koe 54Gra 58Dam 52Gra 58Dam 58Dam 52Gra 79Ama 79Ama 58Dam 58Dam 36Erd 36Erd 56Ran 62Jen 36Erd

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1) 0.0066 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.03 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.2 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.25 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.25 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.2 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.2 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.3 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1.01 M Na2SO4/H2O Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4+0.001 M H2SO4/ H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+ NaOH)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+NaOH)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+NaOH)/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

3 wt% 6.3 wt% 15.3 wt% 25.1 wt% 32.1 wt% 43.4 wt% 56 wt% 77 wt% 1< pH <7 7< pH <10 pH=11 pH=12

Met. 3)

217 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

EC EC EC T IM EC T EC T T EC EC T EC T S S EC EC T T EC T EC EC T EC CA T

–0.186 –0.232 –0.194 –0.1916 –0.19 –0.195 –0.1914 –0.196 –0.199 –0.1912 –0.199 –0.248 –0.209 –0.201 –0.1907 –0.190 –0.191 –0.199 –0.203 –0.1900 –0.229 –0.213 –0.1894 –0.206 –0.210 –0.1892 –0.169 –0.19 –0.148

36Erd 38Win 75Pay 84Dag 95Tur 75Pay 84Dag 75Pay 71Elk 84Dag 75Pay 38Win 71Elk 75Pay 84Dag 62Jen 79Ama 79Ama 75Pay 84Dag 71Elk 38Win 84Dag 75Pay 75Pay 84Dag 36Erd 67Vet 65Sat

IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM EC T T T T EC CA

0.01 0.039 0.036 0.023 0.018 0.006 0.004 –0.024 –0.24 –0.26 –0.26 –0.255 –0.2 –0.2 –0.12

95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 60Del 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 28Fru2 34Gor

218

Electrode

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge Solution 1)

1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O n.a. Molybdenum not reported (Mo) Nickel 0.0015 N HBr/H2O (Ni) 0.0015 N HCl/H2O 0.001 N HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 0.0001 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M KCl/H2O 0.0005 M KClO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 M LiCl/methanol 0.01 M LiCl/ethanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-butanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-propanol 0.01 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.0001 M NaOH/H2O 0.0005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O+1-propanol 0.02 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+ H2SO4/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O

Comments 2)

Hg

pH=10.3 pH=3

pH=12.5 pH=3.5

3 wt% 6.3 wt% 9.4 wt% 11 wt% 15.3 wt% 25.1 wt% 32.1 wt% 43.4 wt% 56 wt% 63.8 wt% 77 wt% pH=1 pH=3 pH=3.2 pH=5 pH=1 pH=2 pH=3 pH=4

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

CA EC EC EC n.a.

–0.2 –0.2 –0.22 –0.22 –0.62

55Uks2 67Arg 65Pol 32Pro 53Vas

ER ER ER OA IM IM T T IM IM IM IM OA F T PC S IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM T T T T T T T T

–0.28 –0.28 –0.06 –0.264 0.03 0.193 –0.24 –0.33 0.088 –0.02 –0.105 –0.1 –0.32 –0.3 –0.27 –0.110 –0.37 0.034 20) –0.19 –0.18 –0.12 –0.087 –0.11 –0.125 –0.12 –0.17 –0.185 –0.18 –0.19 –0.2 –0.2 –0.21 –0.33 –0.328 –0.37 –0.205 –0.27 –0.3 –0.325

40Leg 40Leg 39Luk 52Hil 73Kim 62Jak1 69Boc1 70Vol 64Jak2 64Jak2 65Jak1 65Jak1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 83Ohm 78Laz 90Sok 95Tur 97Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 95Tur 53Khe 53Khe 57Kra 53Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

219

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

pH=5 pH=6

Ni (100) Ni (110) Ni-Zn alloy

0.02 N (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 3 mM HClO4/H2O 3 mM HClO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O

T T T T T

–0.305 –0.355 –0.39 –0.53 –0.31

57Khe 57Khe 89Aro 89Aro 70Vol

T

–0.32

70Vol

T

–0.41

70Vol

T

–0.43

70Vol

T

–0.48

70Vol

T

–0.54

70Vol

T

–0.58

70Vol

T

–0.62

70Vol

T

–0.63

70Vol

T

–0.63

70Vol

T T

–0.79 49) –0.66 50)

65Koz 65Koz

pH=7

S T T

–0.0 0.279 0.241

69And 80Pet 84Ale

pH=7

S T T T T T T T T T CO T T T T

–0.0 0.031 0.2 –0.06 –0.227 –0.31 –0.36 –0.375 –0.385 –0.39 0.25 0.117 52) 0.151 53) 0.141 54) 0.119 55)

69And 06ElA 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 00Alv 02ElA 02ElA 02ElA 02ElA

0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N K2SO4/H2O

Niobium (Nb)

1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O

Palladium (Pd)

1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.001 M LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.003 M LiClO4/ dimethylsulphoxide 1 N NaClO4/H2O 5 mM NaF/H2O 51) 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+NaOH)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+NaOH)/H2O 0.01 N HClO4/H2O 5 mM NaF/H2O 5 mM NaF/H2O 5 mM NaF/H2O 5 mM NaF/H2O

Pd (111)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 % Zn, pH=3 2 % Zn, pH=3 2.8 % Zn, pH=3 3 % Zn, pH=3 3.5 % Zn, pH=3 4.1 % Zn, pH=3 5 % Zn, pH=3 6.3 % Zn, pH=3 7 % Zn, pH=3 8 % Zn, pH=3

pH=2 pH=3 pH=4 pH=6 pH=7 pH=8 pH=9 pH=11

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

220

Electrode

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge Solution 1)

Platinum 56) 0.01 N CdBr2+0.1 N H2SO4/H2O (Pt) 0.01 N CdI2+0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N CdSO4+0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.005 N Cs2SO4/H2O 0.001...0.01 N Cs2SO4/H2O 0.025 M Cs2SO4+0.005 M H2SO4/ H2O 0.01 N Cs2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N HCl + 0.1 N KCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.015 M HCl+0.12 M KCl/H2O HClO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O HClO4,NaClO4,NaOH/H2O 0.3 N HF+0.1 N KF/H2O 0.3 M HF+0.12 M KF/H2O 0.000025 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.005 N H2SO4/H2O 0.005 M H2SO4+0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M H2SO4+0.06 M K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N H2SO4+0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O H2SO4, NaOH/H2O 1 M KBr+0.01 M HBr/H2O 1 M KBr+0.01 M NaOH/H2O 0.001 M KCl/H2O 0.001 M KCl/H2O 0.001 M KCl/H2O 0.01 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 1 N KCl+0.01 N HCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KI/H2O 1 M KI+0.01 M NaOH/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

(Pt) (Pt) (Pt) pH=2.7 (Pt) 2.5
IA IA IA IA RT IA

(Pt)

RT ISS T ISS T F IM T

2.5
(H)

0
pH=12 (Pt)

(Pt) pH=7

ISS ISS ED T DR AE T ISS ISS ISS T T F PE ISS ISS DR DR DR DR ED S ISS S CA S ISS S

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4) 0.45 0.01 0.65 0.18 0.18 0.11 0.17 0.132 0.47 0.13 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.56– 0.059 pH 0.233 0.235 0.12 0.18 0.2 0.21 0.35 0.2 0.205 0.205 0.35 0.18 0.3 0.32– 0.04 pH –0.09 –0.39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.09 –0.4 0.04 –0.08 –0.06 –0.51 –0.52 –0.02

Ref.

66Man 66Man 66Man 61Bal 68Bal 33Fru 64Kaz 72Pod 53Rob 74Pod 69Bur 69Boc1 96Ham1 66Gil 72Pod 74Pod 38Bal 63Bir 63Vor 66Kuk2 53Bor 74Pod 74Pod 72Pod 53Bor 63Bir 50Bow 86Seo 68Pet 68Pet 59Vor 62Vor 63Vor 63Vor 71Fre 64Per 69Pet 74Cla2 71Mor 69And 68Pet 69And

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

221

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.0005 M LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.003 M LiClO4/dimethylsulphoxide 0.00001 N MgSO4/H2O 0.0003 N MgSO4/H2O 0.001 N MgSO4/H2O 0.001 N NaBr+001 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N NaBr+0.01 N HBr/H2O 1 N NaBr+0.05 N NaOH/H2O 0.001 N NaCl+0.001 N HCl/H2O 1 N NaCl+0.01 N HCl/H2O NaClO4/H2O 0.01 N NaClO4/H2O 0.003 N NaClO4+HClO4/H2O 0.003 N NaClO4+HClO4/H2O 0.003 N NaClO4+HClO4/H2O 0.003 N NaClO4+HClO4/H2O 0.003 N NaClO4+NaOH/H2O 0.003 N NaClO4+NaOH/H2O 0.003 N NaClO4+NaOH/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.001 N NaF+0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.005 N NaI+005 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N Na2SO4+0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001...0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.025 M Na2SO4+0.005 M H2SO4/ H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O

pH=11

pH=3 pH=2.5 pH=2.8 pH=3.3 pH=4.1 pH=8.0 pH=10.3 pH=11.2 pH=12 pH=2.3 pH=12 pH=7 pH=11 (Pt) (Pt) (Pt)

S T T DR DR DR IA IA IA IA IA T OA T T T T T T T OA F F S S IA IA IA

–0.3 0.099 0.091 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.04 –0.02 –0.26 0.14 0.05 0.1 0.5 0.47 0.41 0.37 0.33 0.07 –0.083 –0.11 –0.07 0.35 –0.2 –0.02 –0.3 0.18 –0.5 0.18

2.5< pH <6 (H)

RT IA

0.18 0.11

pH=2 (H) pH=2 (H) pH=3 (H) pH=4 (H) pH=4 (H) pH=5 (H) pH=5 (H) pH=6 (H) pH=6 (H) pH=7 (H) pH=7 (H) pH=7 (H) pH=8 (H)

T T T T T T T T T T T T T

(Pt) (Pt) (Pt) (Pt) (Pt)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

0.48 0.48 0.3 0.18 57) 0.13 0.0 0.12 57) –0.14 0.08 –0.21 0.06 57) –0.21 –0.28

Ref. 69And 80Pet 84Ale 63Vor 63Vor 63Vor 65Bal1 36Shl 36Shl 65Bal1 36Shl 69Bur 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69Boc1 69And 69And 65Bal1 65Bal1 65Bal1 68Bal 36Shl 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe

222

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

Pt

0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 N ZnCl2/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O

pH=8 (H) pH=9 (H) pH=9 (H) pH=10 (H) pH=10 (H) pH=11 (H) pH=12 (H)

T T T T T T T T CA ISS T DR CO CO

Pt (111)

Potassium (K) Rhodium (Rh)

Rubidium (Rb)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

CO

0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O not reported

ER VIB n.a.

0.03 57) –0.31 0.01 57) –0.35 0.01 57) –0.36 0.36 0.22 0.28 0.16 0.11 0.2 0.25 0.25... –0.75 58) 0.19... 0.33 58) 0.277 0.287 –2.31

0.001 N Cs2SO4/H2O 0.01 N HCl+1 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl+1 N KCl/H2O 0.3 M HF+0.12 M KF/H2O 0.02 N H2SO4/H2O 0.005 M H2SO4+0.06 M K2SO4/H2O 0.005 M H2SO4+0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N H2SO4+1 N Na2SO4/H2O KCl+0.01 N HCl/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.01 N NaOH+1 N Na2SO4/H2O Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N Na2SO4+0.001 N H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O

OA ISS ISS ISS T ISS ISS ISS ISS S S ISS RT OA ISS ISS ISS ISS RT S S

0.18 0.0 59) 0.0 0.085 0.28 0.03 0.025 0.5 –0.12 –0.02 –0.36 –0.4 –0.03 0.18 0.15 0.02 –0.04 –0.07 59) –0.03 –0.02 –0.36

64Kra 67Pet2 70Pet 74Pod 64Kra 74Pod 74Pod 70Pet 68Fru 60) 69And 69And 74Pod 63Bir 64Kra 82Laz 82Laz 68Fru 60) 67Pet2 67Bal 69And 69And

n.a.

–2.42

53Vas

not reported

acidic (Pt)

pH=7 pH=11

pH=2.5

pH=7 pH=11

57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 59McM 34Gor 69Pet 35Fru 63Vor 00Gom 00Gom 99Cli 95Att 96Iwa 53Vas

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Silicon (Si) Silver (Ag)

not reported

n.a.

–0.13

53Vas

AgNO3/H2O AgNO3/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M HClO4/H2O 0.002 M HClO4/H2O 0.005 M HClO4/H2O 0.001 M KCl+0.199 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 M KCl+0.19 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M KCl+0.15 M NaF/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl+0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4+0.01 M KCN/H2O 0.1 N KNO3/H2O

IA,IM S T BAW BAW BAW T T T T T S S S T SFG SFG various methods RT T T S S S S T T S OA F T S S T BAW T T T T BAW BAW CA

–0.51 –0.475 –0.45 –0.683 –0.683 –0.666 –0.719 –0.41 –0.86 –0.704 –0.679 –0.82 –0.80 –0.80 –0.669 –0.709 –0.959 0.046

31Pro 26Ben 69Boc1 97Che 97Che 97Che 78Shl 69Boc1 67Dag 78Shl 78Shl 64And 64Per 67Per 78Shl 95Tad 95Tad 39Ves

0.05 –0.7 –0.7 –0.64 –0.64 –0.78 –0.62 –0.66 –0.7 –0.48 0.08 –0.4 –0.719 –0.64 –0.64 –0.7 –0.662 –0.72 –0.7 –0.729 –0.7 –0.664 –0.673 –0.46

55Fru 66Dag 74Zel 69And 69And 67Bod 67Bod 02Lan61) 67Ham2 67Bod 69Boc1 69Boc1 83Hup 69And 69And 91Agl 97Che 72Val 78Nov 78Shl 78Zel1 97Che 97Che 69Mor

0.1 N KNO3/H2O 0.01 N KOH/H2O 0.1 N KOH/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaBr/H2O 0.1 N NaCl/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O 0.01 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

pH=7

pH=7 pH=11

pH=2 pH=7 pH=11

pH=4

Met. 3)

223 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

224

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Ag

0.1 N NaOH/H2O 0.0005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 N NaSO4/H2O 0.001 N NaSO4/H2O 0.005 N NaSO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.2 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N (Na2SO4+ H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/acetonitrile 0.4 M N LiBr/ethanol 0.4 M N LiBr/propanol 0.4 M N LiBr/pentanol 0.4 M N LiBr+0.1 M LiCl/butan-1-ol 0.4 M N LiBr+0.1 M LiCl/butan-2-ol 0.4 M N LiBr+0.1 M LiCl/ 2-methylpropan-1-ol n.a. 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.0025 M Cs2SO4/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.002 M KF/H2O

63

AgAu(111) ) AgIr(111) 63) AgPd(111) 63) AgPt(111) 63) AgRh(111) 63) Ag (100)

0.002 M KF/H2O 0.0025 M K2SO4/H2O 0.005 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.0025 M Li2SO4/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O

Comments 2)

pH=3.4

1< pH <6

acidic

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

S BAW T T T T T T T T T T S PE T T T CA BAW CA T VIB VIB VIB VIB VIB VIB

–0.56 –0.675 –0.7 –0.7 –0.7 –0.7 –0.7 –0.7 –0.709 5) –0.709 62) –0.7 –0.66 –0.65 14) –0.75 0.05 0.05 –0.7 –0.58 –0.668 –0.02 –0.744 –1.0 30) –1.0 30) –1.0 30) –0.94 30) –1.3 30) –1.45 30)

67Bod 97Che 66Dag 66Dag 66Lei 60Lei 66Dag 66Dag 70And 70And 75Ale1 75Non 75Non 66Gok 57Khe 57Khe 60Lei 69Mor 97Che 34Gor 93Dou 92Sob 92Sob 92Sob 96Pem 96Pem 96Pem

EC T T T T T T H,F T

–0.510 21) –0.259 –0.559 –0.359 –0.239 –0.359 –0.649 –0.28 –0.609

T T T T T T T

–0.608 –0.599 –0.624 –0.619 –0.669 –0.669 –0.624

32Pro 06Sol 06Sol 06Sol 06Sol 06Sol 75Vit2 57Fle 75Vit2, 76Vit2 82Vit 69Ham1 82Val 02Jur 75Vit1 73Val 82Val

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Ag (110)

Ag (111)

Solution 1)

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaClO4/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O 0.0005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.0025 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O

T T T T T T T T T T

–0.616 –0.669 –0.639 –0.647 –0.632 –0.669 –0.7 –0.669 –0.650 –0.609

0.001 M NaNO3/H2O 0.005 M KBF4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.002 M KF/H2O 0.005 M KPF6/H2O 0.005 M KPF6/H2O 0.0025 M K2SO4/H2O 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O

T T T T T T T T T

–0.659 –0.734 –0.749 –0.609 –0.734 –0.734 –0.659 –0.734 –0.769

0.005 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaClO4/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.0025 M Cs2SO4/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.001 M KF/H2O 0.002 M KF/H2O (100–x) mM KF + x mM KCl/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.0025 M K2SO4/H2O 0.0025 M Li2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.005 M NaF/H2O

T T T T T T T H,F T T T T T T T T T

–0.734 –0.759 –0.649 –0.653 –0.734 –0.719 –0.499 –0.18 –0.459 –0.459 64) –0.459 –0.519 –0.454 –0.509 –0.519 –0.449 –0.449

T T T T T

–0.469 –0.479 –0.46 –0.24 –0.499

0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.002 M NaClO4/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O 0.001 M NaNO3/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

225

(1< x <40)

Ref. 95Tra 81Fle 02Jur 82Vit 82Val 74Vit1 66Dag 75Vit1 69Bud 75Vit1, 76Vit1 75Vit1 81Val 89Ham 82Vit 89Ham 81Val 69Ham1 02Jur 71Val2, 73Val 81Val 81Fle 02Jur 82Vit 81Val 74Vit1 75Vit2 57Fle 06Sol 72Sev 82Vit 77Vit 89Val 69Ham1 75Vit2 81Fle 73Val, 71Val1, 71Val2 87Ham2 82Vit 02Lan 65) 02Lan 66) 75Vit2

226

Electrode

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge Solution 1)

0.005 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.0005 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.0025 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M Na2SO4/H2O Ag (311) 0.005 M KPF6/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O Ag/Au alloy 2 N H2SO4/H2O

Comments 2)

Ag (111)

2 N H2SO4/H2O 2 N H2SO4/H2O 2 N H2SO4/H2O 2 N H2SO4/H2O 2 N H2SO4/H2O 2 N H2SO4/H2O not reported Sodium (Na) Na amalgam 1 N NaOH/H2O 1 N NaOH/H2O 1 N NaOH/H2O 1 N NaOH/H2O 1 N NaOH/H2O

100 % Ag/ 0 % Au 15 % Ag/ 85 % Au 12 % Ag/ 88 % Au 9 % Ag/ 91 % Au 6 % Ag/ 94 % Au 3 % Ag/ 97 % Au 0 % Ag/ 100 % Au

cNa in Hg= 0.000126 cNa in Hg= 0.000783 cNa in Hg= 0.000587 cNa in Hg= 0.00174 cNa in Hg= 0.0558

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

T T T T T T T T T

–0.500 –0.479 –0.519 –0.519 –0.519 –0.519 –0.666 –0.709 –0.700

69Bud 72Sev 78Vit 74Vit1 75Vit2 77Vit 90Ham 90Ham 72Lev

T

–0.600

72Lev

T

–0.500

72Lev

T

–0.370

72Lev

T

–0.300

72Lev

T

–0.250

72Lev

T

0.070

72Lev

n.a.

–2.25

53Vas

EC

–1.69

57Smi

EC

–1.73

57Smi

EC

–1.78

57Smi

EC

–1.81

57Smi

EC

–1.82

57Smi

Strontium (Sr)

not reported

n.a.

–2.32

53Vas

Tantalum (Ta)

1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O

T T

–0.85 49) –0.73 50)

65Koz 65Koz

Tellurium (Te)

1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N NaCl/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O

H H H H

–0.6 –0.02 0.56 0.6

1 N NaCl/H2O

H

56Ven 44Reb 49Ven 45Reb, 52Ven, 55Fru 49Ven

0.510

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Thallium (Tl)

1 N KBr/H2O 1 N KBr/H2O 0.001 N KCl/H2O

H H T

–0.85 –0.82 –0.82

0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.01 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KCl/H2O 1 N Na2CO3/H2O 0.001 N NaF/H2O 0.003 N NaF/H2O Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O

T T T H T T H H H S

–0.82 –0.71 –0.84 –0.69 –0.67 –0.67 –0.69 –0.69 –0.69 –0.214

44Reb 49Ven 55Fru, 50Bor 50Bor 67Dag 50Bor 49Ven 67Dag 75Gri 55Fru 49Ven 49Ven 30Fru

T T T T S S T T S T T

–0.434 –0.469 –0.544 –0.561 –0.51 –0.52 –0.622 –0.673 –0.55 –0.698 –0.503

95Koe 95Koe 95Koe 95Koe 65But1 65But1 95Koe 95Koe 65But1 95Koe 60Bog

T

–0.548

60Bog

T

–0.575

60Bog

EC

–0.39

28Fru2

S

–0.388

30Fru

S

–0.388

30Fru

EC

–0.45

28Fru2

CA

–0.67

34Gor

EC

–0.329

60Del

S

–0.512

30Fru

Tl amalgam 67)

1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.1 N NaOH/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Comments 2)

99.009 % Hg/ 0.0011 % Tl 1.4 mol% In 2 mol% In 7.9 mol% In 10 mol% In 10.16 % Tl 19.88 % Tl 20 mol% In 30 mol% In 30.39 % Tl 40 mol% In 89.8 % Hg/ 1.2 % Tl 95 % Hg/ 5 % Tl 90.5 % Hg/ 9.5 % Tl 99 % Hg/ 1 % Tl 99 % Hg/ 1 % Tl 99 % Hg/ 1 % Tl 96.65 % Hg/ 3.35 % Tl acidic, 59 % Hg/41 % Tl 96.55 % Hg/ 3.45 % Tl 90 % Hg/ 10 % Tl

Met. 3)

227 Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

228

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

Tl amalgam 67)

1 N Na2SO4+0.1 N NaOH/H2O

99 % Hg/ 1 % Tl 90 % Hg/ 10 % Tl 89.65 % Hg/ 10.35 % Tl 80.78 % Hg/ 19.22 % Tl 69 % Hg/ 31 % Tl 67 % Hg/ 33 % Tl 67 % Hg/ 33 % Tl 66.1 % Hg/ 33.9 % Tl 60 % Hg/ 40 % Tl 58.5 % Hg/ 41.5 % Tl 58.5 % Hg/ 41.5 % Tl Hg/sat. Tl

S

–0.388

30Fru

EC

–0.439

60Del

EC

–0.52

28Fru2

T

–0.596

60Bog

EC

–0.609

60Del

S

–0.618

30Fru

S

–0.388

30Fru

EC

–0.64

28Fru2

T

–0.645

60Bog

EC

–0.65

28Fru2

T

–0.65

28Fru1

EC

–0.65

55Fru

IM T T S IM IM IM IM IM IM IM T T T H T S T T

–0.382 –0.46 –0.38 –0.02 –0.532 –0.573 –0.685 –0.655 –0.655 –0.63 –1.224 –0.43 –0.42 –0.35 –0.24 –0.38 –0.3 –0.359 –0.359

62Jak1 65Fru2 71Erl 69And 64Jak2 64Jak2 68Jak1 65Jak1 65Jak1 68Jak1 68Jak1 68Ham1 70Bar2 65Gri 52Ven 73Gri 69And 81Khm 81Khm

T T T T

0.851 –0.63 –0.61 –0.68

81Khm 65Gri 65Gri 65Gri

0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.1 N NaOH/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.002 N NaF/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O

Tin (Sn)

Sn (001) Sn (110)

0.01 M KCl/H2O 0.001 N KClO4/H2O 0.002 N KClO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.01 M LiCl/methanol 0.01 M LiCl/ethanol 0.01 N LiCl/1-butanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-butanol 0.01 N LiCl/2-propanol 0.01 N LiCl/1-pentanol 0.01 N LiCl/quinoline 0.0007 N NaClO4/H2O 0.0025 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4+0.01 N H2SO4/H2O Na2SO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.0015 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.0015 M Na2SO4/H2O

Sn (110) 0.0015 M Na2SO4/H2O Sn/Cd alloy 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O

pH=7

pH=3.1

pH=7

7 at%Cd 15 at%Cd 40 at%Cd

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

229

Electrode

Solution 1)

Comments 2)

Met. 3)

65 at%Cd 40 at%Cd 90 at%Cd

Titanium (Ti)

0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O

T T T T T

–0.69 –0.68 –0.695 –1.05 –1.20

65Gri 65Gri 65Gri 67Che 67Che

n.a.

–0.32

53Vas

T T T T T H H

–0.63 –0.92 –0.7 –0.7 –0.7 –0.62 –0.65

T T SO SO DE SO T DE T T T T T T T T T T T T

–0.649 –0.769 –0.769 –0.759 –0.759 –0.769 –0.779 –0.759 –0.9 –0.899 –0.769 –0.6 68) –0.61 –0.61 –0.61 –0.61 –0.61 –0.599 –0.68 68) –0.6 68)

70Vol 69Cas 70Bar1 70Bar1 70Bar1 49Ven 65Kuk, 66Kuk1 60Chu 74Bat1 75Bat 74Fru2 75Bat 76Ipa1 76Ipa1 76Ipa1 69Cas 69Cas 76Ipa2 57Kra 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Khe 57Kra 57Kra 57Kra

Tungsten (W)

not reported

Zinc (Zn)

0.01 N K2SO4/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O 0.01 N NaF/H2O 0.01 N NaI/H2O 0.01 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O

Zn (0001)

0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.3 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.3 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O 0.005 M NaClO4/H2O NaF/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.02 M (Na2SO4+H2SO4)/H2O 0.01 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.02 N Na2SO4/H2O

Zn (0101)

pH=3 pH=3.48

pH=3.48

pH=3.2 pH=2 pH=3 pH=4 pH=5 pH=6 pH=3.2 pH=2.6

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Zn (1010)

0.21 M NaF/H2O NaF/H2O 0.2 M NaF/H2O 0.010 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.2 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O

T T SO T SO T

–0.919 –0.839 –0.849 –0.679 –0.829 –0.844

74Bat1 76Ipa2 76Ipa1 57Kra 75Bat 76Ipa1

Zn (1120)

0.2 M NaF/H2O 0.2 M KCl/H2O

SO SO

–0.869 –0.879

76Ipa1 75Bat

0.003 M KCl/H2O

T

–0.859

75Bat

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

230

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Solution 1)

Zn (1120)

0.003 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O

Comments 2)

pH=3.7

Met. 3)

Epzc [V vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

T

–0.849

76Ipa1

T

–0.864

76Ipa1

1

) A lack of an explicit concentration value indicates, that the value of Epzc did not depend on the concentration.

2

) All data refer to room temperature if not stated otherwise.

3

) Met. = Method. AE = Acousto-electrochemical method, BAW = bulk acoustic wave method, C = Chronocoulometry, CA = Contact angle method, CO = CO charge displacement method, CV = Cyclic voltamogram, DE = Desorption potential, DR = Double layer repulsion method, EB = Film electrode bending method, EC = Electrocapillary method, ED = Electrode displacement method, EE = Theory of electron emission, ER = Electroreduction of ions, F = Friction method, FL = Flow measurement, G = Gravimetric method, H = Hardness measurements, IA = Ionic adsorption method, IM = Immersion method, ISS = Isoelectronic shift of potential, NS = Null solution method, OA = Organic adsorption method, P = Photoemission method, PC = Electrode capacitance measured with a pulse method, PE = Piezoelectric method, R = Surface stress measurement (ribbon extension method), RT = Radiotracer technique, S = Scratching or streaming electrode method, SFG = Sum frequency generation, SO = Salting out method, T = Tensammetry, TC = Modified charge determination method, VE = Vibrating electrode method, VIB = Vibrational spectroscopic method (for details and further acronyms see text). See also list of symbols.

4

) All reported values are converted with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode for the solvent under investigation if not stated otherwise. 5

) Electropolished surface.

6

) Surface formed by crystal cleavage at liquid nitrogen temperature.

7

) Electrochemically etched surface.

8

) Chemically etched surface.

8a

) Chemically treated surface.

9

) Remelted solid drop electrode.

10

) Mechanically polished and chemically etched surface.

11

) Solid drop electrode obtained without remelting.

12

) No significant temperature dependence was observed between 0 and 50 °C.

13

) Electrodeposited electrode surface.

14

) Without preelectrolysis of the electrolyte solution.

15

) With preelectrolysis of the electrolyte solution.

16

) This value was recorded in a separate experiment, no explanation of the reproducable difference is given.

17

) Amalgam compositions are given as stated by the authors; conversions were made only for the organisation of the table, mol%≡at%, if not stated otherwise, values are wt%, values are listed according to amalgam composition.

18

) Cleavage plane of high pressure stress annealed pyrolytic graphite.

19

) Values for concentration up to 1 m were reported.

20

) The reference electrode is ill defined in this report.

21

) Electrode prepared by reduction of the metal oxide with hydrogen at 400 °C.

22

) Copper purified by sublimation and recrystallization.

23

) Copper purified according to Bridgeman.

24

) Copper purified by zone melting.

25

) Except where stated otherwise all measurements were done at T > 30 °C.

26

) Solid gallium.

27

) Gallium saturated with thallium (approx. 0.02...0.06 at%).

28

) Gallium with thallium (0.02 at%).

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

231

29

) Based on the experimental conditions the gold electrode is most likely covered with underpotential deposited (upd) silver. Consequently the value of Epzc should be compared with the corresponding value for a silver electrode. ) Measured vs. a reference electrode of Ag/Ag+ (0.01 M AgNO3) in methanol + 0.1 M Bu4NClO4.

30 31

) Tetraethylammoniumperchlorate.

32

) Versus a Ag/AgNO3 (0.01 M) + 0.1 M tetraethylammoniumperchlorate in acetonitrile reference electrode.

33

) The value refers to both the hexagonal and the (1x1) phase.

34

) Electrode coated with 1-octadecanethiol.

35

) Electrode coated with 1-undecanethiol.

36

) Electrode coated with 1-propanethiol.

37

) Electrode coated with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol.

38

) Electrolyticall deposited indium electrode.

39

) Because of the many different electrolyte solutions employed values are grouped according to the indium concentration.

40

) Acidified with H2SO4.

41

) Single crystal. The crystallographic face was not specified.

42

) Versus hydrogen electrode in the same solution.

43

) An amalgamated copper surface was used.

44

) Amalgamated gold electrode.

45

) Solution saturated with N2O.

46

) E vs. a pool of mercury in the same solution.

47

) E vs. a reference electrode of mercury in methanol + 0.01 M LiCl.

48

) Measured vs. a saturated calomel electrode filled with methanol.

49

) On an electrode not saturated with hydrogen.

50

) On an electrode saturated with hydrogen.

51

) Palladium overlayer on a Pt(111) electrode surface.

52

) The value refers to palladium islands on a Au(111) electrode.

53

) One monolayer of palladium deposited on a Au(111) electrode.

54

) Two monolayers of palladium deposited on a Au(111) electrode.

55

) Five monolayers of palladium deposited on a Au(111) electrode.

56

) If a coverage of the platinum with hydrogen was specified this is indicated by (H), if the electrode was platinized this is indicated by (Pt).

57

) Value measured after prolonged cathodic polarisation.

58

) Values vary as a function of step density on Pt[n(111)x(111)] surfaces.

59

) The value is given with respect to the potential of a hydrogen electrode in this electrolyte solution.

60

) A rhodium black electrode was used.

61

) Polycrystalline silver layer electrodeposited on a polycrystalline platinum electrode.

62

) Mechanical surface treatment of the electrode.

63

) Silver monolayer deposited on foreign metal single crystal.

64

) Silver purified by sublimation and recrystallization.

65

) Silver layer epitaxially electrodeposited on a Pt(111) electrode.

66

) Incomplete upd-silver layer electrodeposited on a Pt(111) electrode.

67

) Because of the many different electrolyte solutions employed values are grouped according to the thallium concentration. 68

) Zinc purified by sublimation and recrystallization.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 91Pas 98Pal 03Gou 26Ben 28Fru1 28Fru2 30Fru 31Pro 32Pro 33Fru 34Gor 35Fru 36Erd 36Mur 36Shl 38Bal 38Win 39Luk 39Ves 40Kuc 40Leg 43Chu 44Reb 45Reb 47Gra 48Bor 49Gra 49Ven 50Bor 50Bow 51Pfü 52Gra 52Hil 52Nik 52Ven 53Boc 53Bor 53Khe 53Lev1 53Rob 53Vas 54Gra 55Aya 55Fru 55Uks1 55Uks2 56Ran Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

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R2 56Ven 57Fle 57Khe 57Kra 57Smi 58Ant 58Dam 59Efi 59McM 59Vor 60Bog 60Chu 60Del 60Lei 61Bal 61Sta 62Jak1 62Jen 62Sch1 62Vor 63Bir 63Gre 63Sch1 63Vor 63Wu 64And 64But1 64Fru1 64Fru2 64Jak1 64Jak2 64Kaz 64Kra 64Per 65Bal1 65Boc 65Bon 65But1 65But6 65Fru1 65Fru2 65Gri 65Jak1 65Koz 65Kuk 65Per

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Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Polyanovskaya, N.S., Frumkin, A.N.: Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 538. Sathyanarayana, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 10 (1965) 119. Butler, J.N.: J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 2312. Butler, J.N., Meehan, M.L.: J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 3582. Dagaeva, I.G., Leikis, D.I., Sevastyanov, E.S.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 820. Frumkin, A., Grigoryev, N., Bagotskaya, I.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 329. Gileadi, E., Argade, S.D., Bockris, J.O’M.: J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 2044. Gokhstein, A.Y.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1318. Kukoz, F.I., Semenchenko, S.A.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 74. Kukoz, F.I., Semenchenko, S.A., Bogdanov, V.I.: Issled. Obl. Khim. Istochnikov Toka (1966) 201. Leikis, D.I., Sevastyanov, E.S., Dagaeva, I.G.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 113 (1966) 1341. Mansorov, G.N., Kazarinov, V.E., Balashova, N.A.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1438. Morozov, A., Grigoryev, N., Bagotskaya, I.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1235. Palm, U., Past, V., Pullerits, R.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 604. Argade, S.G., Gileadi, E., in: Electrosorption, Gileadi, E. (ed.), New York: Plenum Press, 1967, p. 87. Balashova, N.A., Kossaya, A.M., Gorokhova, N.T.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 656. Bodé, D.D., Andersen, T.N., Eyring, H.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 792. Chervyakov, P.I., Parfenov, G.S.: Uch. Zap. Omsk. Gos. Pedagog. Inst. 26 (1967) 58. Dagaeva, I.G., Leikis, D.I., Sevastyanov, E.S.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 891. Garnish, J.D., Parsons, R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 63 (1967) 1754. Grilikhes, M.S., Krasikov, B.S.: Zh. Prikl. Khim. 40 (1967) 921. Hampson, N.A., Larkin, D.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 114 (1967) 933. Hampson, N.A., Larkin, D., Morley, J.R.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 114 (1967) 817. Murakawa, T., Kato, T., Nagaura, S., Hackerman, N.: Corros. Sci. 7 (1967) 657. Payne, R.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 1548. Perkins, R.S.: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utah, 1967. Petit, M., Clavilier, J.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 265 (1967) 145. Petrii, O.A., Kossaya-Tsybulevskay, A.M., Tyurin, Yu.M.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 617. Polianovskaya, N., Frumkin, A.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 1129. Rybalka, L.E., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 383. Vetter, K.J.: Electrochemical Kinetics, New York: Academic Press, 1967, p. 73. Bagotskaya, I., Morozov, A., Grigoryev, N.: Electrochim. Acta 13 (1968) 873. Balashova, N.A., Gorokhova, N.T., Kulezneva, M.I.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 871. Bartenev, V.J., Sevastjanov, E.S., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 745. Clavilier, J., van Huong, N.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 267 (1968) 207. Frumkin, A., Petry, O., Kossaya, A., Entina, V., Topolev, V.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 16 (1968) 175. Hampson, N.A., Larkin, D.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (1968) 612. Hampson, N.A., Larkin, D.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 18 (1968) 401. Jakuszewski, B., Kozlowski, Z., Granosik, W.: Soc. Sci. Lodz. Acta Chim. 13 (1968) 15. Kozlowski, Z., Nast, A.M.: Lodz. Tow. Nauk. Wydz. 3, Acta Chim. 13 (1968) 21. Loge, A., Lorenz, W.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 238 (1968) 299. Morcos, I., Fisher, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 17 (1968) 7. Petrii, O.A., Kotlov, Yu.G.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 774. Polianovskaya, N.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 549. Andersen, T.N., Anderson, J.L., Eyring, H.: J. Phys. Chem. 73 (1969) 3562. Bartenev, V.Ya., Sevastyanov, E.S., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 1502. Bockris, J.O’M., Argade, S.E., Gileadi, E.: Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 1259. Budevski, E., Vitanov, T., Sevastyanov, E.S., Popov, A.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 90. Burshstein, R.K., Pshenichnikov, A.G.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 332.

R4 69Cas 69Cla 69Dek 69Hag 69Ham1 69Ham2 69Kha1 69Kha2 69Lik 69Mor 69Pal 69Pet 69Ple 70And 70Bar1 70Bar2 70Ego1 70Ego2 70Pet 70Rot2 70Tim 70Vol 71Car 71Elk 71Erl 71Fre 71Fru 71Ham1 71Jak 71Mor 71Pet 71Shi 71Val1 71Val2 72Bro 72Car 72Gri1 72Gri3 72Gri4 72Gri5 72Ham 72Lei 72Lev 72Nov1 72Nov2 72Pan1

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Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R5 72Pan3 72Pet1 72Pod 72Sev 72Val 73Bau 73Cla 73Gri 73Iva 73Kim 73Lou 73Non 73Nov 73Ryb3 73Val 74Bat1 74Bro1 74Cla1 74Cla2 74Fre 74Fru1 74Fru2 74Fru3 74Ham 74Lec 74Pod 74Rot 74Vit1 74Zel 75Ale1 75Bag 75Bat 75Gri 75Huo 75Lec1 75Lec2 75Max 75Mis 75Non 75Pal 75Pay 75Pul3 75Ryb2 75Vit1

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Panin, V.A., Rybalka, K.V., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1507. Petyarv, E.K., Kolk, K.A., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 100. Podlovchenko, B.I., Epstein, N.A.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1522. Sevastyanov, E.S., Vitanov, T., Popov, A.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 412. Valette, G.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 274 (1972) 2046. Baugh, L.M., Parsons, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 41 (1973) 311. Clavilier, J., van Huong, C.N.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 41 (1973) 193. Grigor’ev, N.B., Kuprin, V.P., Loshkarev, Yu.M.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1842. Ivanov, V.F., Damaskin, B.B., Segel'man, B.S., Melekhova, N.I.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 389. Kim, S.H.: J. Phys. Chem. 77 (1973) 2787. Loutfy, R.O.: Electrochim. Acta 18 (1973) 227. Noninski, K.I., Lazarova, E.M.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 673. Novoselskiy, I.M., Maksimyuk, N.I., Egorov, L.Ya.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1518. Rybalka, K.V., Panin, V.A.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 172. Valette, G., Hamelin, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 45 (1973) 301. Batrakov, V.V., Damaskin, B.B., Ipatov, Y.P.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 144. Brodsky, A., Gurevich, V.Ya., Pleskov, Yu., Rotenberg, Z.: Sovremennaya Fotoelektrokhimiya, Nauka, Moscow, 1974. Clavilier, J., van Huong, N.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 279 (1974) 993. Clark, G.J., Andersen, T.N., Valentine, R.S., Eyring, H.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 618. Fredlein, R.A., Bockris, J.O'M.: Surf. Sci. 46 (1974) 641. Frumkin, A.N., Pyarnoya, M.P., Grigoriev, N.B., Pal’m, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 1130. Frumkin, A.N., Damaskin, B.B., Grigoryev, N.B., Bagotskaya, I.A.: Electrochim. Acta 19 (1974) 69. Frumkin, A.N., Grigoryev, N.B., Pyarnoya, M., Palm, U.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) N5. Hamelin, A., Bellier, J.P.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 279 (1974) 371. Lecoeur, J., Hamelin, A.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 279 (1974) 1081. Podlovchenko, B.I., Epstein, N.A., Frumkin, A.N.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 53 (1974) 95. Rotenberg, Z.A., Prishchepa, Yu.A., Pleskov, Yu.V.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 56 (1974) 345. Vitanov, T., Popov, A., Sevastyanov, E.S.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 346. Zelinsky, A.G., Bek, R.Yu.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 1212. Aleksandrova, D.P., Sevastyanov, E.S., Andrusev, M.M., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 648. Bagotskaya, I.A., Grigor'ev, N.B., Doubova, L., Kalyuzknaya, A., Fateev, S.: Double Layer and Adsorption on Solid Electrodes, Vol. IV, Tartu University, 1975, p. 14. Batrakov, V.V., Damaskin, B.B.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 65 (1975) 361. Grigor'ev, N.B., Bulavka, V.A., Loshkarev, Yu.M.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1404. van Huong, N., Clavilier, J., Bonnemay, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 65 (1975) 531. Lecoeur, J., Sella, C., Tertian, L., Hamelin, A.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 280 (1975) 247. Lecoeur, J., Sella, C., Martin, K., Tertian, L., Deschamps, J.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 281 (1975) 71. Maximuk, N.I., Egorov, L.Ya.: Double Layer and Adsorption on Solid Electrodes, Vol. IV, Tartu University, 1975, p. 177. Mishuk, V.Ya., Solomatin, E.A., Elkin, V.V., Knots, L.L.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1897. Noninski, K.I., Lazarova, E.M.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1103. Palm, U.V., Vaartnou, M.G., Petyarv, E.K.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1849. Payne, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 60 (1975) 183. Pullerits, R., Moldau, M., Past V.: Double Layer and Adsorption on Solid Electrodes, Vol. IV, Tartu University, 1975, p. 257. Rybalka, L.E., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1619. Vitanov, T., Popov, A.: Trans. SAEST 10 (1975) 5.

R6 75Vit2 76Ham 76Ipa1 76Ipa2 76Lin 76Pet 76Ryb 76Ush 76Vit1 76Vit2 77Bor 77Cla 77Pal 77Vit 78Bag 78Bul 78Kme 78Laz 78Lec 78Max 78Mis 78Nov 78Shl 78Vaa 78Vit 78Zel1 78Zel2 79Ama 79Bat 79Hen 79Vaa1 80Brz 80Kar 80Kof 80Pan 80Pet 80Vae 81Ann 81Bor 81Fle 81Jur 81Khm 81Val 82Bor 82Ham1 82Ham2

Vitanov, T., Popov, A., Sevastyanov, E.S.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 170. Hamelin, A., Lecoeur, J.: Surf. Sci. 57 (1976) 771. Ipatov, Y.P., Batrakov, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 1174. Ipatov, Y.P., Batrakov, V.V., Shalaginov, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 286. Lin, K.-F., Beck, T.R.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 123 (1976) 1145. Petyarv, V., Palm, U.W.: Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 806. Rybalka, L.E., Leikis, D.I., Zelinski, A.G.: Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 1340. Ushakova, Z.N., Ivanov, V.F.: Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 485. Vitanov, T., Popov, A.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 226 (1976) 373. Vitanov, T., Popov, A., Sevastyanov, E.S.: Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 582. Borkowska, Z.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 79 (1977) 206. Clavilier, J., van Huong, N.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 80 (1977) 101. Pal’m, U.V., Pyarnoya, M.P., Sal’ve, M.A.: Elektrokhimiya 13 (1977) 873. Vitanov, T., Popov, A.: 28th Meeting of ISE (International Society of Electrochemistry), Varna; Ext. Abstract, 1977, p. 230. Bagotskaya, I.A., Dubova, L.M.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1383. Bulavka, V.A., Grigor'ev, N.B., Loshkarev, Yu.M.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1037. Kmelevaya, L.P., Chizhov, A.V., Damaskin, B.B.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1304. Lazarova, E.M.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1300. Lecoeur, J., Sella, C., Martin, J.C.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 287 (1978) 447. Maximuk, N.I., Egorov, L.Ya.: Double Layer and Adsorption on Solid Electrodes, Vol. V, Tartu University, 1978, p. 148. Mishuk, V.Ya., Solomatin, E.A., Elkin, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1135. Novitskii, S.P., Burenkov, I.I., Kenzin, V.I., Zelinsky, A.G., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 270. Shlepakov, A.V., Sevastyanov, E.S.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 287. Vaartnou, M., Palm, U.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 311. Vitanov, T., Popov, A.: 29th Meeting of ISE (International Society of Electrochemistry), Budapest; Ext. Abstracts, Part I, 1978, p. 539. Zelinsky, A.G., Bek, R.Yu.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1825. Zelinsky, A.G., Bek, R.Yu., Makurin, A.L., Abdulov, S.D.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1740. Amadelli, R., Daghetti, A., Vergano, L., De Battisti, A., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 100 (1979) 379. Batrakov, B.B., Naumova, N.I.: Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 551. Hennig, H., Batrakov, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 1833. Vaartnou, M.G., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 591. Brzostowska-Smolska, M., Minc, S.: Pol. J. Chem. 54 (1980) 2391. Karbasov, B.G., Tikhonov, K.I., Vyacheslavov, P.M.: Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 1273. Kofman, R., Garrigos, R., Cheyssac, P.: Surf. Sci. 101 (1980) 231. Pankina, G.W., Leikis, D.I., Sevastyanov, E.S.: Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 213. Petrii, O.A., Khomchenko, I.G.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 106 (1980) 277. Vaertnou, M., Palm, U.: Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 1877. Anni, K.L., Erlich, Y.O., Pal’m, U.V.: Double Layer and Adsorption on Solid Electrodes, Vol. VI, Tartu University, 1981, p. 5. Borkowska, Z., Fawcett, W.R.: Can. J. Chem. 59 (1981) 710. Fleischmann, M., Robinson, J., Waser, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 117 (1981) 257. Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 119 (1981) 275. Khmelevaya, L.P., Damaskin, B.B.: Elektrokhimiya 17 (1981) 1721. Valette, G.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 122 (1981) 285. Borkowska, Z., Fawcett, W.R.: Can. J. Chem. 60 (1982) 1787. Hamelin, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 138 (1982) 395. Hamelin, A., Le Lan, A.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. 2 295 (1982) 161.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R7 82Laz 82Lec 82Val 82Vit 83Brz 83Hup 83Mly 83Ohm 84Ale 84Bor 84Dag 85Kol 85Lec 85Lus1 85Lus2 85Ngu 85Pez 86Ann 86Dag 86Hor 86Kol 86Lus1 86Lus2 86Pas 86Ric1 86Seo 87Bor 87Ham1 87Ham2 87Jar 87Mur 88Ann 88Bor2 88Jap 88Mur 88Vae 89Aro 89Ham 89Mur 89Nan 89Saf 89Val 90Ham 90Lus 90Pez 90Ric 90Sok 91Agl 91Lus1

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Lazarova, E.M.: Elektrokhimiya 18 (1982) 1654. Lecoeur, J., Andro, J., Parsons, R.: Surf. Sci. 114 (1982) 320. Valette, G.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 138 (1982) 37. Vitanov, T., Popov, A., Sevastyanov, E.S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 142 (1982) 289. Brzostowska-Smolska, M., Minc, S.: Pol. J. Chem. 57 (1983) 1005. Hupp, J.T., Larkin, D., Weaver, M.J.: Surf. Sci. 125 (1983) 429. Mlynarczyk, R., Figaszewski, Z., Koczorowski, Z.: Pol. J. Chem. 57 (1983) 1011. Ohmori, T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 157 (1983) 159. Alekseeva, E.Yu., Safonov, V.A., Petrii, O.A.: Elektrokhimiya 20 (1984) 945. Borkowska, Z., Stafiej, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 170 (1984) 289. Daghetti, A., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 162 (1984) 327. Kolb, D.M., Schneider, J.: Surf. Sci. 162 (1985) 764. Lecoeur, J., Bellier, J.P.: Electrochim. Acta 30 (1985) 1027. Lust, E.I., Palm, Yu.V.: Elektrokhimiya 21 (1985) 1256. Lust, E.I., Palm, Yu.V.: Elektrokhimiya 21 (1985) 1381. Nguyen Van Huong, C.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 194 (1985) 131. Pezzatini, G., Moncelli, M.R., Foresti, M.L., Pergola, F., Guidelli, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 196 (1985) 429. Anni, K.L., Vaertnou, M., Palm, J.V.: Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 992. Dagaeva, I., Nikolov, Z.: Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 1217. Horanyi, T.S., Takács, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 215 (1986) 83. Kolb, D.M., Schneider, J.: Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 929. Lust, E.I., Palm, Yu.V.: Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 407. Lust, E.I., Erlich, Yu.I., Palm, Yu.V.: Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 695. Past, V., Pullerits, R., Moldau, M.: Trans.Tartu State Univ. 755 (1986) 140. Richer, J., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 121. Seo, M., Makino, T., Sato, N.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 1138. Borkowska, Z., Stafiej, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 226 (1987) 283. Hamelin, A., Stoicoviciu, L.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 234 (1987) 93. Hamelin, A., Doubova, L., Wagner, D., Schirmer, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 220 (1987) 155. Jarzabek, G., Borkowska, Z.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 226 (1987) 295. Murphy, O.J., Wainright, J.S.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 134 (1987) 267. Anni, K.L., Väärtnou, M.G., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 846. Borkowska, Z., Hamelin, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 241 (1988) 373. Japaridze, J.I., Khutzishvili, Zh.A., Chagelishvili, V.A., Borghesani, G., De Battisti, A., Locatelli, C., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 257 (1988) 123. Murphy, O.J., Wainright, J.S.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 135 (1988) 138. Vaertnou, M.G., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 24 (1988) 553. Arold, J., Tamm, J.: Elektrokhimiya 25 (1989) 1417. Hamelin, A., Morin, S., Richer, J., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 272 (1989) 241. Murphy, O.J., Wainright, J.S.: Langmuir 5 (1989) 519. Naneva, R., Bostanov, V., Popov, O., Vitanov, T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 274 (1989) 179. Safonov, V.A., Damaskin, B.B., Choba, M.A.: Elektrokhimiya 25 (1989) 1432. Valette, G.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 269 (1989) 191. Hamelin, A., Morin, S., Richer, J., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 285 (1990) 249. Lust, E.J., Lust, K.K., Jänes, A.A.-J.: Elektrokhimiya 26 (1990) 1627. Pezzatini, G., Foresti, M.L., Innocenti, M., Guidelli, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 295 (1990) 265. Richer, J.: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Guelph, 1990. Sokolowski, J., Czajkowski, J.M., Turowska, M.: Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 1393. Agladze, T., Podobayev, A.: Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 859. Lust, E., Anni, K.: Double Layer and Adsorption on Solid Electrodes, Vol. IX, Tartu University, 1991, p. 109.

R8 91Lus2 91Obr 91Saf 92Dic 92Lec 92Lus 92Nan 92Sob 93Dou 93Inn 93Sil 94Gao 94Ham 94Lus 94Seo 95Att 95Koe 95Lan 95Pan1 95Rai 95Tad 95Tra 95Tur 96Efi 96Eme 96Ham1 96Iwa 96Jin 96Lus1 96Pem 96Seo 96Sil 97Che 97For 97Lus1 97Lus2 97Seo 97Tur 98Bru 99Cli 99Uen 00Alv 00Gom 01Li

Lust, E.: Sov. Electrochem. (English Transl.) 27 (1991) 389; Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 424. Obraztsov, V.B., Parfenov, Yu.A., Danilov, F.I.: Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 980. Safonov, V.A., Sokolov, S.A.: Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 1317. Dickinson, K.M., Hanson, K.E., Fredlein, R.A.: Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 139. Lecoeur, J., Bellier, J.P., Koehler, C.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 337 (1992) 197. Lust, E.J., Jänes, A.A.-J.: Elektrokhimiya 28 (1992) 802. Naneva, R., Vitanov, T., Dimitrov, N., Bostanov, V., Popov, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 328 (1992) 287. Sobocinski, R.L., Pemberton, J.E.: Langmuir 8 (1992) 2049. Doubova, L.M., Trasatti, S., Valcher, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 349 (1993) 187. Innocenti, M., Pezzatini, G., Foresti, M.L., Guidelli, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 349 (1993) 113. Silva, F., Sottomayor, M.J., Martins, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 360 (1993) 199. Gao, X.P., Edens, G.J., Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 21. Hamelin, A., Stoicoviciu, L., Edens, G.J., Gao, X.P., Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 365 (1994) 47. Lust, E.J., Jänes, A.A.-Ja.: Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 357. Seo, M., Aomi, M., Yoshida, K.: Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1039. Attard, G.A., Ahmadi, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 389 (1995) 175. Koene, L., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 396 (1995) 569. Lang, G., Heusler, K.E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 391 (1995) 169. Panzram, E., Baumgärtel, H., Roelfs, B., Schröter, C., Solomun, T.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 827. Raiteri, R., Butt, H.-J.: J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 15728. Tadjeddine, A., Peremans, A., Guyot-Sionnest, P.: Surf. Sci. 335 (1995) 210. Trasatti, S., Dubova, L.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 91 (1995) 3311. Turowska, M., Sokolowski, J.: Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Electrochemistry in Practice and Theory, Lodz, Sept. 11-13, 1995. Efimov, I.O., Heusler, K.E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 414 (1996) 75. Emets, V.V., Kazarinov, V.E., Bagotskaya, I.A.: Sov. Electrochem. (English Transl.) 32 (1996) 1069; Elektrokhimiya 32 (1996) 1157. Hamm, U.W., Kramer, D., Zhai, R.S., Kolb, D.M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 414 (1996) 85. Iwasita, T., Xia, X.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 411 (1996) 95. Jin-Hua, C., Li-Hua, N., Zhuo, Y.S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 414 (1996) 53. Lust, E., Lust, K., Jänes, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 413 (1996) 111. Pemberton, J.E., Joa, S.L., Shen, A.J., Woelfel, K.J.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3683. Seo, M., Ueno, K.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 (1996) 899. Silva, F., Sottomayor, M.J., Martins, A.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3693. Chen, J.-H., Si, S.-H., Nie, L.-H., Yao, S.-Z.: Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 689. Foresti, M.L., Pezzatini, G., Innocenti, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 434 (1997) 191. Lust, E., Jänes; A., Lust, K., Sammelselg, V., Miidla, P.: Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 2861. Lust, E., Jänes, A., Lust, K., Miidla, P.: Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 771. Seo, M., Ueno, K.: Electrochemical Society Meeting 97-2, Paris, France, 1.-5.9.1997, Ext. Abstr. p. 426. Turowska, M., Baczynski, J., Sokolowski, J.: Elektrokhimiya 33 (1997) 1301. Brunt, T.A., Chabala, E.D., Rayment, T., O'Shea, S.J., Welland, W.E.: Electrochemical Nanotechnology, Lorenz, W.J., Plieth, W. (eds.), Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 1998, p. 87. Climent, V., Gomez, R., Feliu, J.M.: Electrochim. Acta 45 (1999) 629. Ueno, K., Seo, M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 146 (1999) 1496. Álvarez, B., Climent, V., Feliu, J.M., Aldaz, A.: Electrochem. Commun. 2 (2000) 427. Gómez, R., Climent, V., Feliu, J.M., Weaver, M.J.: J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (2000) 597. Li, H.-Q., Chen, A., Roscoe, S.G., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 500 (2001) 299.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R9 02ElA 02Jur 02Lan 04Iwa 04Luk 06ElA 06Luk 06Sol

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

El-Aziz, A.M., Kibler, L.A., Kolb, D.M.: Electrochem. Commun. 4 (2002) 535. Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M., Milkowska, M., Slojkowska, R.: Colloids Surf. A 197 (2002) 235. Langkau, T., Baltruschat, H.: Electrochim. Acta 47 (2002) 1595. Iwami, Y., Hobara, D., Yamamoto, M., Kakiuchi, T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 564 (2004) 77. àukomska, A., Sobkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 567 (2004) 95. El-Aziz, A.M., Hoyer, R., Kibler, L.A., Kolb, D.M.: Electrochim. Acta 51 (2006) 2518. àukomska, A., Sobkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 592 (2006) 68. Soliman, K., Kibler, L.A., Kolb, D.M.: 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Edinburg, 27.8.-1.9.2006, Abstr. S8-O-16.

232

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Table 3.2. Electrode potentials of zero charge of metal oxide electrodes in contact with electrolyte solutions. 1) Electrode

Solution 2)

Method 3)

Epzc [mV vs. SHE] 4)

Ref.

Iron (passivated) (Fe)

0.01 N NaOH/H2O

DR

0.34

63Vor

PbO2

0.001 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.005 M H2SO4/H2O 0.005 M H2SO4/H2O 0.005 M H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N HClO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 8 N H2SO4/H2O 2 N H2SO4/H2O 2 N Na2SO4/H2O 10 N Na2SO4/H2O

T T T H T H H H H H

1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.85 1.85 1.9

54Kab 54Kab 60Lei 57Lei 54Kab 57Lei 57Lei 65Kuk 66Kuk1 66Kuk1

Silver oxide (AgO2)

0.001 N NaOH/H2O

T

0.6

53Bor

1

) All data refer to room temperature if not stated otherwise.

2

) A lack of an explicit concentration value indicates, that the value of Epzc did not depend upon the concentration.

3

) DR = Double layer repulsion method, H = Hardness measurements, T = Tensammetry (for details see text). See also list of symbols.

4

) All reported values are converted with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode if not stated otherwise.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 53Bor 54Kab 57Lei 60Lei 63Vor 65Kuk 66Kuk1

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Borisova, T.I., Veselovskii, V.J., Karpov, L.Ya.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 27 (1953) 1195. Kabanov, B.N., Kiseieva, I.G., Leikis, D.I.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 99 (1954) 805. Leikis, D.I., Venstrem, E.K.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 112 (1957) 97. Leikis, D.I.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 135 (1960) 1429. Voropaeva, T.N., Deryagin, B.V., Kabanov, B.N.: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Otd. Khim. Nauk (1963) 257. Kukoz, F.I., Semenchenko, S.A.: Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 1454. Kukoz, F.I., Semenchenko, S.A.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 74.

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

233

Table 3.3. Electrode potentials of zero charge of metal electrodes in contact with molten electrolyte salts. 1) Electrode

Electrolyte melt 2)

Reference electrode REF

Aluminum (Al)

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb

Antimony (Sb)

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl 1:1 KCl-LiCl 1:1 KCl-LiCl 1:1 KCl-LiCl 1:1

Bismuth (Bi)

T [°C]

Met. 3)

Epzc 4) [mVvs.REF]

Ref.

750

EC

–0.3

42Kar, 44Kar

Pb Pb Pb Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2

750 750 1050 1050 750 500 700

EC EC EC EC EC T T

0.2 0.1 0.2 –0.1 0.0 –0.92 –0.17

42Kar 44Kar 44Kar 60Uks 60Uks 60Uks 60Uks

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl 1:1 KCl-LiCl 1:1

Pb Pb Pb Pb Pt/Pt2+ (1 M) Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2

450 450 450 450 450 420 700

EC EC EC EC PC EC T

–0.23 –0.3 –0.3 –0.3 –1.52 –0.48 –0.32

44Kar 48Kar 49Kar 42Kar 60Lai1 60Uks 60Uks

Bi amalgams 5.2 at% Bi 15.25 at% Bi 29 at% Bi 30.4 at% Bi 50.5 at% Bi 61.5 at% Bi 73 at% Bi

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb

420 420 420 420 420 420 420

EC EC EC EC EC EC EC

–0.38 –0.32 –0.3 –0.3 –0.3 –0.29 –0.3

48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar

Bi-Te alloy 10...20 at% Te

KCl–LiCl eutectic

Pb

450

EC

0.15

49Kar

Cadmium (Cd)

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb

400 450

EC EC

–0.79 –0.63

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb

450

EC

–0.6

KCl-LiCl 1:1 KCl-LiCl 1:1

Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2

450 700

EC T

–0.82 –0.8

36Kar 42Kar, 44Kar 44Str, 53Kuz 60Uks 60Uks

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb

450 450 450 450 450

EC EC EC EC EC

–0.31 –0.35 –0.41 –0.42 –0.5

53Kuz 53Kuz 53Kuz 53Kuz 53Kuz

KCl-LiCl 1:1

Ag/AgCl (0.05 M)

700

T

–1.16

65Del1

Cd-Sn alloys 10 at% Cd 20 at% Cd 40 at% Cd 60 at% Cd 80 at% Cd Chromium (Cr)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

234

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Electrolyte melt 2)

Reference electrode

Cobalt (Co)

KCl-LiCl 1:1

Ag/AgCl (0.05 M)

700

T

–0.9

65Del1

Gallium (Ga)

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb

450

EC

–0.4

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb-10 wt.% PbCl2

450

T

–0.63

42Kar, 44Kar 63Buk

Indium (In)

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb

450

EC

–0.52

61Kuz

Iron (Fe)

KCl-LiCl 1:1

Ag/AgCl (0.05 M)

700

T

–0.98

65Del1

Lead (Pb)

KCl-LiCl 1:1 KCl-LiCl 1:1 KBr KCl KCl KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Graphite in melt Pb Pb

450 700 820 820 850 400 450

EC T EC EC EC EC EC

–0.58 –0.55 –0.595 –0.6 1.4 –0.47 –0.47

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-KI eutectic NaBr NaCl NaCl-NaI eutectic

Pb Pb-10 wt% PbCl2 Pb Graphite in melt Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Graphite in melt

1050 450 1050 700 820 820 650

EC T EC EC EC EC EC

–0.38 –0.7 –0.38 1.36 –0.5 –0.47 1.44

60Uks 60Uks 63Uks 63Uks 10Hev 36Kar 42Kar, 44Kar 44Kar 63Buk 42Kar 10Hev 63Uks 63Uks 10Hev

Manganese (Mn)

KCl-LiCl 1:1

Ag/AgCl (0.05 M)

700

T

–1.7

65Del1

Mercury (Hg)

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb

420

EC

–0.1

LiNO3-KNO3 (34%+66%) LiNO3-NaNO3KNO3 (27%+18%+55%) LiNO3-NaNO3 eutectic

Hg/HgSO4

140

T

–1.12

42Kar, 44Kar, 48Kar 55Ran

Hg/HgSO4

140

T

–1.12

55Ran

Graphite in melt

145

EC

0.68

10Hev

Nickel (Ni)

KCl-LiCl 1:1

Ag/AgCl (0.05 M)

700

T

–0.72

65Del1

Platinum (Pt)

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pt/Pt2+ (1 M) Pt/Pt2+ (1 M)

450 450

T PC

–0.83 –1.91

65Gra 60Lai1

Silver (Ag)

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb

1050

EC

–0.3

KCl-LiCl 1:1

Ag/AgCl (0.05 M)

T

–0.8

42Kar, 44Kar 65Del1

T [°C]

700

Met. 3)

Epzc 4) [mVvs.REF]

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Electrolyte melt 2)

Reference electrode

Tellurium (Te)

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb

550

EC

0.60

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb-10 wt% PbCl2

475 550

EC T

0.60 0.4

42Kar, 44Kar 59Kuz2 63Buk

Te-Tl alloys 2.83 at% Tl 10.9 at% Tl 22.1 at% Tl 42.3 at% Tl 53.7 at% Tl 65.2 at% Tl

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb

475 475 475 475 475 475

EC EC EC EC EC EC

0.55 0.48 0.35 0.15 0.09 –0.05

59Kuz2 59Kuz2 59Kuz2 59Kuz2 59Kuz2 59Kuz2

Thallium (Tl)

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb

400 420

EC EC

–1.04 –0.65

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl 1:1 KCl-LiCl 1:1

Pb Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2

475 420 700

EC EC T

–0.6 –0.85 –0.87

36Kar 42Kar, 44Kar 59Kuz2 60Uks 60Uks

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb Pb Pb

400 400 400 450

EC EC EC EC

–0.25 –0.31 –0.18 –0.23

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl 1:1 KCl-LiCl 1:1 KI-LiI (70 mol% LiI)

Pb Pb Graphite in melt Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb-2.5 mol% PbCl2 Pb

420 450 600 420 700 400

EC EC EC EC T EC

–0.23 –0.2 1.04 –0.43 –0.32 –0.3

36Kar 37Kar 44Str 42Kar, 44Kar 48Kar 53Kuz 10Hev 60Uks 60Uks 36Kar

Sn amalgams 2.5 at% Sn 10.7 at% Sn 15.9 at% Sn 23.5 at% Sn 27.9 at% Sn 32.1 at% Sn 42.7 at% Sn 50.8 at% Sn 61.8 at% Sn 75.9 at% Sn

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb

420 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 420

EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC

–0.21 –0.32 –0.3 –0.27 –0.26 –0.25 –0.25 –0.24 –0.24 –0.23

48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar 48Kar

Sn-Au alloy 2...69 at% Au

KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb

450

EC

0.2

49Kar

Tin (Sn)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T [°C]

Met. 3)

235 Epzc 4) [mVvs.REF]

Ref.

236

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

Electrode

Electrolyte melt 2)

Reference electrode

Sn-Zn alloys 5 mol% Zn 10 mol% Zn 25 mol% Zn 50 mol% Zn 75 mol% Zn 90 mol% Zn 95 mol% Zn 5 mol% Zn 10 mol% Zn 25 mol% Zn 50 mol% Zn 75 mol% Zn 90 mol% Zn 95 mol% Zn

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic KI-LiI (70mol%LiI) KI-LiI (70mol%LiI) KI-LiI (70mol%LiI) KI-LiI (70mol%LiI) KI-LiI (70mol%LiI) KI-LiI (70mol%LiI) KI-LiI (70mol%LiI)

Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb

400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400

EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC EC

–0.2 –0.3 –0.35 –0.4 –0.45 –0.5 –0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.35 –0.4 –0.45 –0.5 –0.5

37Kar 37Kar 37Kar 37Kar 37Kar 37Kar 37Kar 36Kar 36Kar 36Kar 36Kar 36Kar 36Kar 36Kar

Titanium (Ti)

KCl-LiCl 1:1

Ag/AgCl (0.05 M)

700

T

–1.35

65Del1

Zinc (Zn)

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl eutectic

Pb Pb

400 450

EC EC

–0.55 –0.55

KCl-LiCl eutectic KCl-LiCl 1:1 KI-LiI (70mol%LiI)

Pb Ag/AgCl (0.05 M) Pb

450 700 400

EC T EC

–0.47 –1.16 –0.6

37Kar 42Kar, 44Kar 44Str 65Del1 36Kar

T [°C]

Met. 3)

Epzc 4) [mVvs.REF]

Ref.

1

) All data refer to room temperature if not stated otherwise.

2

) A lack of an explicitly stated composition indicates, that the value of Epzc does not depend on the concentration of the constituents. 3

) Met. = Method. EC = electrocapillary method, PC = electrode capacitance measured with a pulse method, T = tensammetry. See also list of symbols.

4

) All reported values are given with respect to the stated reference electrode.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 10Hev 36Kar 37Kar 42Kar 44Kar 44Str 48Kar 49Kar 53Kuz 55Ran 59Kuz2 60Lai1 60Uks 61Kuz 63Buk 63Uks 65Del1 65Gra

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

von Hevesy, G., Lorenz, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. 74 (1910) 443. Karpatschoff, S., Stromberg, A.: Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. A 176 (1936) 182. Karpachev, S., Stromberg, A.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 10 (1937) 739. Karpachev, S., Stromberg, A.G.: Acta Physicochim. URSS 16 (1942) 331. Karpachev, S., Stromberg, A.G.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 18 (1944) 47. Stromberg, A., Chukina, T.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 18 (1944) 234. Karpachev, S., Kochergin, W.P., Iordan, E.F.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 22 (1948) 521. Karpachev, S.V., Rodigina, E.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 23 (1949) 953. Kuznetsov, V.A., Kotschergin, W.P., Titschenko, M.W., Posdnischewa, E.G.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 92 (1953) 1197. Randles, J.E.B., White, W.: Z. Elektrochem. 59 (1955) 666. Kuznetsov, V.A., Akzenov, V.I., Klevzova, M.P.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 128 (1959) 763. Laitinen, H.A., Roe, D.K.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 25 (1960) 3065. Ukshe, E.A., Bukun, N.G., Leikis, D.P.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 135 (1960) 1183. Kuznetsov, V.A., Zagainova, L.S.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35 (1961) 1640. Bukun, N.G., Ukshe, E.A.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37 (1963) 1401. Ukshe, E.A., Tomskikh, I.V.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 150 (1963) 347. Delimarski, Yu.K., Kikhno, V.S.: Ukr. Khim. Zh. 31 (1965) 116. Graves, A.D., Inman, D.: Nature (London) 208 (1965) 481.

3 Electrode potentials of zero charge

237

Table 3.4. Electrode potentials of zero charge of miscellaneous materials in contact with aqueous electrolyte solutions. 1) Electrode

Solution

Method 2)

Epzc [mV vs. SHE]

Ref.

Polypyrrole

LiClO4/H2O

CA

0.256

99Lee

1

) All data refer to room temperature if not stated otherwise.

2

) CA = Contact angle method. See also list of symbols.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 99Lee

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Lee, M.-H., Kim, S.S., Kang, Y.: Synth. Met. 101 (1999) 442.

238

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

4.1 Thermodynamics of the adsorption at electrodes The adsorption of any particle (molecule, ion) at the electrode 1) surface is essentially a competitive process. In the presence of only the solvent of the electrolyte solution and the electrolyte dissolved therein solely molecules of the solvent and ions formed by the dissociation of the electrolyte in the solvent are interacting with the surface. This results in case of e.g. platinum interacting with an aqueous solution in a situation wherein about 80 % of all platinum atoms are directly interacting with water molecules. The ratio of the number of metal atoms interacting with a species of the adjacent phase versus the total number of metal atoms in the topmost layer of the electrode can be defined as the degree of coverage θ = Ncov/Ntot. Alternatively the ratio of the number of occupied adsorbate places versus the total number of adsorbate places can be defined as θ. If an additional kind of species (subsequently called adsorbate molecule) is dissolved in the solution phase, a further partner will participate in the competitive adsorption process. In a simplified case wherein the electrolyte ions are not interacting with the electrode to an appreciable extent (i.e. specific adsorption is absent; this can be accomplished by using e.g. salts of alkali cations and anions like e.g. F– or ClO 4– ) only solvent and adsorbate molecules are present on the electrode surface. The degree of coverage θ of the electrode with species of both kinds will depend primarily on the relative strengths of the interaction of both species. Quantitatively this can be expressed by the free enthalpy of adsorption 2) for the adsorbate molecule G 0ad . A closer inspection has to take into account all conceivable interactions. Thus the free enthalpy of adsorption is easily defined for the case of adsorption at the gas/solid interface according to A → Aad with G ad, g representing solely the free

enthalpy associated with the adsorption of A on the solid surface. The corresponding formal reaction equation for adsorption from the solution phase is more complicated: Asol + n Sad → Aad + n Ssol

(4.1)

with n being the number of solvent molecules S desorbing in the process. Assuming ΔGad,S being the free enthalpy associated with the solvent adsorption and ΔGad,A being the free enthalpy associated with the adsorption of A the free enthalpy of the substitution process is ΔGad = ΔGad,A − ΔGad,S

(4.2)

1) The

term „electrode“ is used primarily to designate an electronically (electron or hole) conducting material. According to W. Nernst the term „electrode“ should be used to name an electronically conducting materal in combination with a specific ionically conducting material. Although this definition is convincing it is not generally accepted. Thus within this chapter „electrode“ will be used in the generally accepted meaning.

2

)The term free enthalpy of adsorption is synonymously used for free energy of adsorption and Gibbs energy of adsorption.

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4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

239

Obviously ΔGad depends on the strength of the solvent-surface and the adsorbate-surface interaction; in addition S-S-, A-A- and S-A-interactions contribute. Various simplifications are possible [74Tra]. As a further complication the electrical field being always present (except at Epzc) at the electrode/solutioninterface has to be considered. Consequently the free enthalpy of adsorption can be split into a chemical part and an electrical part: ΔGad = ΔGchem + ΔGel

(4.3)

This separation assumes, that the type of interaction causing ΔGchem is not influenced by the electric field. This is certainly only a simplification. Nevertheless a comparison of the adsorption at the solid/gasand the solid/solution-interface implies as a simple consequence ΔGad < ΔGad,g

(4.4)

Proper definition of the reference state is essential for the compatibility of values of the free enthalpy of 0 obtained by various authors and with different methods [87Jas, adsorption results in values of ΔGad 88Gon]. 0 The strength of the adsorptive interaction as expressed in values of ΔGad depends on the mode of interaction between the adsorbate molecule and the electrode surface. Weak adsorption (physisorption) is 0 based mostly on van-der-Waals-interactions. It shows typically values of ΔGad > – 20 kJ mol–1. Stronger 0 interactions involve some contributions from covalent bonding, typical values are ΔGad < – 20 kJ mol–1. Further details are collected in numerous reviews [92Tra1, 84Con, 67Gil, 67Pie, 92Lip]. Attempts to model the interface based on quantum chemistry have been reported [95Rom]. General patterns in ionic and molecular adsorption have been reviewed elsewhere [75Ans].

4.2 Determination of the free enthalpy of the adsorption at electrodes 0 Various methods have been employed for the determination of ΔGad for electrochemical systems. A number of reviews providing further details is available [72Con, 72Pay].

Electrocapillary curves

For liquid electrode metals (mercury, gallium) the determination of the surface tension can be applied. From changes of the surface tension as a function of dissolved adsorbable species the surface coverage 0 can be derived. With solid electrodes this method is not applicable directly. (Data and finally ΔGad obtained with this method are labelled EC.)

Cyclic voltammetry

When cyclic voltammograms of an electrode partially or completely covered with an adsorbate in contact with an electrolyte solution are recorded, various characteristic features of the obtained voltammogram can be used to deduce the amount of adsorbed material. This procedure can be repeated at various concentrations of the species to be adsorbed in the solution. From the obtained relationship between 0 can be coverage and concentration an adsorption isotherm can be constructed; finally a value of ΔGad

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4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

obtained. The features of the voltammogram to be evaluated are: The amount of electric charge needed to reduce or oxidize the adsorbed species; changes in the charge corresponding to some other adsorbed (preferably hydrogen on platinum, oxygen on gold etc.), which can be related to the coverage with the species of interest, changes in the voltammogram caused by a shift of the electrochemical reaction from a pathway involving only adsorbed species to a pathway involving solution phase species. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CV.) Details of the various possible procedures can be found in the literature (see below). Cyclic voltammetry as described above can be performed in an electrochemical cell, wherein the solution volume is confined to a space of a few micrometers thickness between the flat working electrode and an inert plate mounted adjacent to the working electrode. Connection to the counter and reference electrode is made by inserting the assembly into an electrolyte solution contained in a standard electrochemical cell. Because of the thin liquid film enclosed between the working electrode and the inert plate diffusional transport of solution species from within the bulk solution is impeded. The amount of species converted electrochemically within the time frame of a potential sweep is thus limited to the amount of liquid confined in the mentioned volume. When these species can be adsorbed on the electrode surface, the amount of species adsorbed in a single run, i.e. before the described gap is opened again in order to allow an exchange of electrolyte solution, can be calculated easily from the composition of the solution. In order to detect the number of fillings necessary to saturate the electrode surface, a check of the solution in the gap for species not adsorbed has to be made. In most cases this can be done by running a cyclic voltammogramm, which shows distinctly different features for adsorbed and dissolved species. As soon as the latter features appear, the surface is presumed to be completely covered. For further information and a review see [69Hub, 70Hub, 72Lai]. In the case of the reactive chemisorption the electrode redox potentials assigned to the chemisorption step represent the thermodynamic free energy of adsorption according to ΔGad = – n F E1/2. This can be visualized by considering the example of the reactive adsorption of an n-alkanethiolate on a silver electrode surface. The reaction is (4.5) Ag + CnH2nS– + H+ (a = 1) → Ag – SCnH2n + ½ H2 (a = 1) [98Hat] For this experimental approach the standard states as used in the evaluation of adsorption isotherms do not apply, care has thus to be taken when comparing data. (Data obtained with this method are labelled RCV.) Cathode overpotential method

During metal deposition processes the addition of adsorbable species has been found to cause an increase in the deposition overpotential [71Lou]. Evaluation of the data results in the calculation of an adsorption isotherm. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CT.) Tensammetry

Measurements of the interfacial capacitance (the differential double layer capacity CDL) have been used widely, the method has been labelled tensammetry [46Bre, 52Bre, 51Dos1, 52Dos1, 63Bre]. Various experimental setups based on arrangements for AC polarography, lock-in-amplifier, impedance measurement etc. have been employed. In all reports evaluated in the lists of data below the authors have apparently taken precautions in order to measure only the value of CDL. Since replacement of an adsorbed solvent molecule by an adsorbate molecule generally results in a change of the composition of the first layer of the electrolyte solution being in contact with the electrode, the different values of the dielectric properties of the solvent and adsorbate molecules as well as their different size result in a change of the value of CDL. Evaluation of the changes of CDL as a function of the concentration of the adsorbate in the solution phase results in adsorption isotherms. Various isotherms (Frumkin, Langmuir etc.) have been used in the further evaluation [75Dam]. Because of interferences of the kinetics of the adsorption process in particular by slow transport and slow adsorption tensammetry

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

241

has been shown to provide unreliable results in some cases. (Data obtained with this method are labelled T.) Chronocoulometry

In order to overcome certain shortcomings of tensammetry outlined above as an additional method chronocoulometry has been established [86Sto, 86Ric1, 86Ric2, 87Sto, 88Ric]. By means of electrode potential jumps between a reference value Er, where complete desorption is established, to another value Em, where adsorption with a certain coverage θ is established , the charge σM involved during this process is measured. A plot of σM vs. EM allows the determination of the adsorption isotherm. (Data obtained with this method are labelled C.) Corrosion Current Measurements

The coverage θ of a metallic electrode surface with an adsorbed species, which inhibits corrosion of the metal, can be related to the corrosion current according to

θ =1−

jcorr,i jcorr,0 − jcorr,i = jcorr,0 jcorr,0

(4.6)

Details of the method have been reported elsewhere [73Kam, 61Fis, 67Amm, 78Yah, 99Dur]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CC.) Radiotracer technique

The relationship between the amount of adsorbed particles of a certain type (ion, organic molecule etc.) and the concentration of the adsorbable species in the solution as a function of the electrode potential can be used to calculate adsorption isotherms and the free enthalpy of adsorption. Provided the species to be adsorbed is radioactive the radiotracer technique can be used. In particular species emitting β-radiation are employed. The amount of radiation emitted from the electrode is directly proportional to the amount of adsorbed species. In order to increase the surface area accessible for adsorption, electrodes to be investigated can be prepared as rough or even porous electrodes with a considerably large ratio of true to geometric surface area. Since species both in the solution phase as well as in the adsorbed state are both radioactive, the radiation emitted from the dissolved species has to be removed or at least decreased somehow. This can be achieved preferably by using a thin layer technique, wherein the electrolyte solution is squeezed away from the electrode as soon as the adsorption equilibrium is attained. The main advantage of this method is the fact, that a perfect stationary equilibrium is attained. Thus the influence of slow adsorption or diffusion of the species to be adsorbed can be excluded entirely rather easily in contrast to the electrochemical methods. Numerous reviews describing details of this method are available [95Hor, 92Boc, 86Zel, 85Hor, 84Kaz, 64Boc1, 60Blo], for general information see [65Erw]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled RT.) Thin film resistance method

The electrical resistance of a conducting material depends according to the Drude equation on the concentration, the specific charge and the mobility of a charge carrier in the conducting medium. A more thorough examination of the mobility takes into account the way the charged species (electron, hole) is moving in the conductor. Any distortion of the material in particular in the solid phase (defects in crystals etc.) will affect the conductivity. In the case of very thin conducting films the effects of particles sitting on the surface of the thin film will be particularly strong because of the fact, that their effect will extend into almost the complete conducting layer. Consequently the phenomenon is called surface resistance. Species adsorbed on the surface will introduce additional 'defect-like' changes in the film resulting in

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4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

changes of the film conductivity [98Win]. More recently the change of the DC resistance was explained by Schumacher et al. [91Sch] by considering the adsorbate-induced density of states at the Fermi level and the half-width of the Newns-Anderson resonance corresponding to the lowest unoccupied orbital of the adsorbate molecule. Since the adsorption of neutral species depends on the electrode potential and reaches a maximum around the potential of maximum adsorption, measurements of the thin film resistance (or conductance) as a function of adsorbate concentration in the solution phase and electrode potential will provide the necessary information to construct an adsorption isotherm (see also [87Tuc, 91Kör]). As the mode and intensity of adsorbate-surface interaction may be different for different surface places (differing in local energy, topography, atomic arrangement) results may differ from those of other methods not sensitive to local differences in surface properties. A method which allows the contact resistance measurement has been proposed for the determination of electrode coverage with adsorbates, but no thermodynamic data determined this way have been reported so far [99Mar]. (Data obtained with the former method are labelled TF.) Ellipsometric method

When linearly polarized light is reflected at a surface, the perpendicular and the parallel components undergo different changes both in amplitude and phase. Whereas both components are in phase and of the same amplitude upon incidence this may have changed considerably after reflection. The resulting optical vector of the reflected light is not any more at a given fixed angle as during incidence, instead it describes a spiral. Its projection is an ellipse, consequently measurements of the shifts outlined above upon reflection are called ellipsometry. From the obtained changes in phase shift and amplitude optical data of layers on the electrode surface can be calculated. Based on a model suggested by Paik and Bockris [71Pai] the coverage of the electrode surface with an adsorbate can be derived [92Boc]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled EL.) Infrared spectroscopic method

The coverage of an electrode surface with adsorbed species can be calculated from infrared spectra obtained in the reflection mode. A beam of infrared radiation is directed towards the electrode surface in situ, i.e. it passes an infrared-transparent window and the electrolyte solution film between the window and the electrode surface. The reflected beam passes again the solution film and window and is directed towards the infrared sensitive detector. In order to remove unwanted spectral information related to the window, that the solution and the constituents of the atmosphere the infrared beam passes through outside the electrochemical cell, a modulation (or so-called differential) method has to be used. Either the electrode potential or the plane of polarization of the incident light beam is modulated. With both methods two sets of spectra are initially collected. In the former method the sets of spectra correspond to two different electrode potentials, in the latter case they correspond to infrared absorption of light polarized parallelly and perpendicularly to the plane of incidence. Calculating the spectral difference of both results in a spectrum showing only infrared absorption of species adsorbed on the electrode surface. With electrode potential modulation an additional prerequisite for bands to show up in the differential spectrum is their change in band position and/or intensity as a function of electrode potential. In the latter case no potential modulation is involved; consequently so-called absolute bands showing the infrared absorption at a given electrode potential are obtained. Because of surface selection rules only vibrational modes with a change of their dipole moment perpendicular to the surface will interact absorptively with the infrared radiation. Further details of both spectroscopic techniques have been reported in detail in numerous reports [07Hol]. Spectral absorption calculated from the infrared spectra can be related directly to the coverage of the electrode surface as detailed elsewhere [92Boc, 87Cha]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled IR.)

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4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

243

Weight loss method

The coverage of a metal surface with an adsorbate affecting (inhibiting or accelerating) corrosion can be deduced from the corrosion rate of the metal in the absence/presence of the adsorbate as determined by measuring the weight loss of the metal [06Bou]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled WL.) General remarks on the tables 0 The following table contains values of the free enthalpy of adsorption ΔGad taken from literature sources. If not stated otherwise the values refer to the maximum absolute value calculated assuming standard reference states unit mole fraction for the adsorbed species in solution, unit coverage of adsorbate on the electrode surface (for further details see [74Tra], [84Nik], [91Nik], [90Tor], [93Tor]). The method employed in determining the value is stated. If a specific variant of a method is used, only the general type of method is stated, further details on the experimental approach can be found in the original report. In some cases additional information on the employed adsorption isotherm, further details on the thermodynamics as well as kinetics of the adsorption have been reported which are included in this table as footnotes. Data are listed according to the alphabetical order of the electrode material. Polycristalline materials are listed first followed by single crystal samples and amalgam electrodes for every element. Within a given electrode material data are arranged according to the alphabetically listed adsorbate, inorganic adsorbates are listed first in this sequence. Within a given adsorbate data are listed with increasing concentration of the supporting electrolyte solution. At the same electrolyte concentration data obtained with water as a solvent are listed first, subsequently listed organic solvents are arranged according to Hill’s system [00Hil] with the ordering of the element symbol and trivial names kept in the usual manner.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 00Hil 46Bre 51Dos1 52Bre 52Dos1 60Blo 61Fis 63Bre 64Boc1 65Erw 67Amm 67Gil 67Pie 69Hub 70Hub 71Lou 71Pai 72Con 72Lai 72Pay 73Kam 74Tra 75Ans 75Dam 78Yah 84Con 84Kaz

84Nik 85Hor 86Ric1 86Ric2 86Sto 86Zel 87Cha 87Jas 87Sto 87Tuc 88Gon 88Ric 90Tor Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Hill, E.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 22 (1900) 478. Breyer, B., Gutmann, F.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 42 (1946) 645. Doss, K.S.G., Kalyanasundaram, A.: Current Sci. 20 (1951) 199. Breyer, B., Hacobian, S.: Aust. J. Sci. Res. Ser. A 5 (1952) 500. Doss, K.S.G., Kalyanasundaram, A.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A 35 (1952) 27. Blomgren, E.A., Bockris, J.O’M.: Nature (London) 186 (1960) 305. Fisher, H.: Ann. Univ. Ferrara, Sez. 5, 1960, suppl. No. 3 (1961) 1. Breyer, B., Bauer, H.H.: Alternating Current Polarography and Tensammetry, New York: Interscience, 1963. Bockris, J.O’M., Green, M., Swinkels, D.A.J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 111 (1964) 743. Erwall, L.G., Forsberg, H.G., Ljunggren, K.: Radioaktive Isotope in der Technik, Braunschweig: Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1965. Ammar, I.A., Darwish, S.: Corros. Sci. 7 (1967) 579. Gileadi, E., in: Electrosorption, Gileadi, E. (ed.), New York: Plenum Press, 1967, p. 1. Piersma, B.J., in: Electrosorption, Gileadi, E. (ed.), New York: Plenum Press, 1967, p. 19. Hubbard, A.T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 22 (1969) 165. Hubbard, A.T., Anson, F.C.: Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 4, Bard, A.J. (ed.), New York: Marcel Dekker, 1970. Loutfy, R.O., Sukava, A.J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 118 (1971) 216. Paik, W.-K., Bockris, J.O'M.: Surf. Sci. 28 (1971) 61. Conway, B.E.: Techniques of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, Yeager, E., Salkind, A.J. (eds.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1972, p. 389. Lai, C.-H., Hubbard, A.T.: Inorg. Chem. 11 (1972) 2081. Payne, R.: Techniques of Electrochemistry, Vol. 1, Yeager, E., Salkind, A.J. (eds.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1972, p. 43. Kaminski, M., Szklarska-Smialowska, Z.: Corros. Sci. 13 (1973) 557. Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 53 (1974) 335. Anson, F.C.: Acc. Chem. Res. 8 (1975) 400. Damaskin, B.B., Petrii, O.A., Batrakov, V.V.: Adsorption organischer Verbindungen an Elektroden, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1975, p. 70. Yahalom, J., Poznansky, A.: Passivity of Metals, Frankenthal, R.P., Kruger, J. (eds.), Princeton, NJ: The Electrochemical Society, 1978, p. 328. Conway, B.E.: Prog. Surf. Sci. 16 (1984) 1. Kazarinov, V.E., Andreev, V.N.: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 9, Yeager, E., Bockris, J.O’M., Conway, B.E., Sarangapani, S. (eds.), New York: Plenum Press, 1984, p. 393. Nikitas, P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 170 (1984) 333. Horanyi, G.: Wiss. Z. Humboldt-Univ. Berlin, Math. Naturwiss. Reihe 34 (1985) 37. Richer, J., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 121. Richer, J., Lipkowski, J.: Langmuir 2 (1986) 630. Stolberg, L., Richer, J., Irish, D.E., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 207 (1986) 213. Zelenay, P., Habib, M.A., Bockris, J.O'M.: Langmuir 2 (1986) 393. Chandrasekaran, K., Bockris, J.O'M.: Surf. Sci. 185 (1987) 495. Jastrzebska, J., Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 216 (1987) 21. Stolberg, D.E., Irish, J., Lipkowski, J.: Electroanal. Chem. 238 (1987) 333. Tucceri, R.I., Posadas, D.: Electrochim. Acta 32 (1987) 27. Gonzalez, R., Torrent, J., Sanz, F.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 244 (1988) 53. Richer, J., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 251 (1988) 217. Torrent, J., Sanz, F.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 286 (1990) 207.

R2 91Kör 91Nik 91Sch 92Boc 92Lip 92Tra1 93Tor 95Hor 95Rom 98Hat 98Win 99Dur 99Mar 06Bou 07Hol

Körwer, D., Schumacher, D., Otto, A.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 1484. Nikitas, P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 309 (1991) 1. Schumacher, D., Otto, A., Persson, B.N.J.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 178 (1991) 204. Bockris, J.O'M, Jeng, K.T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 330 (1992) 541. Lipkowski, J., Stolberg, L.: Adsorption of Molecules at Metal Electrodes, Lipkowski, J., Ross, P.N. (eds.), New York: VCH, 1992. Trasatti, S.: Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 2137. Torrent, J., Sanz, F.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 359 (1993) 273. Horanyi, G., Kolics, A.: Sov. Electrochem. (English Transl.) 31 (1995) 941. Romanowski, S., Maksymiuk, K., Galus, Z.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 385 (1995) 95. Hatchett, D.W., Uibel, R.H., Stevenson, K.J., Harris, J.M., White, H.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 1062. Winkes, H., Schumacher, D., Otto, A.: Surf. Sci. 400 (1998) 44. Durnie, W., De Marco, R., Kinsella, B., Jefferson, A.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 146 (1999) 1751. Marichev, V.A.: Russ. J. Electrochem. 35 (1999) 417. Bouklah, M., Hammouti, B., Lagrenée, M., Bentiss, F.: Corros. Sci. 48 (2006) 2831. Holze, R.: Surface and Interface Analysis: An Electrochemists Toolbox, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2007.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

244

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

Table 4.1. Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔG 0ad of ions and organic molecules at metal electrodes. ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Antimony (Sb) Sb (001)

0.1 M NaF/H2O

cyclohexanol

T

–19.8

94Lus

0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O

cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol

T T T T

–20.1 –20.1 –18.9 –18.9

97Lus2 94Lus 97Lus2 94Lus

Sb (211)

0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/ H2O

cyclohexanol cyclohexanol

T T

–20.7 –20.7

97Lus2 94Lus

Bismuth (Bi)

0.1 M KBr+KF/methanol 0.1 M KCl+KF/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/ethanol 0.126 M LiCl+CsCl/methanol 0.1 M KI+KF/H2O 0.1 M KI+KF/methanol 0.126 M LiCl+KCl/methanol 0.126 M LiCl+RbCl/methanol 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O

Br– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cs+ I– I– K+ Rb+ methanol ethanol ethanol n-propanol n-propanol n-propanol n-propanol n-butanol n-butanol n-pentanol n-pentanol n-hexanol n-hexanol n-hexanol n-heptanol n-heptanol n-heptanol cyclohexanol

T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

Sb (111)

–94.1 –91.6 –70.7 6) –75.7 7) –79.5 8) –82.8 9) –86.2 10) –87.9 11) –16.8 –114.0 –107.1 –14.0 –15.5 –5.23 –7.82 –7.8 –11.09 –11.0 –11.1 –11.07 –14.52 –14.7 –17.83 –18.5 –21.31 –21.31 –22.1 –24.78 –24.78 –25.6 –17.42

Ref.

72Pet1 72Pet1 79Vaa2 79Vaa2 79Vaa2 79Vaa2 79Vaa2 79Vaa2 72Pet2 80Pal 72Pet1 72Pet2 72Pet2 75Pul2 69Pul 75Pul2 69Pul 72Pul 75Pul2 78Pya 69Pul 75Pul2 69Pul 75Pul2 69Pul 72Alu 75Pul2 69Pul 72Alu 75Pul2 72Alu

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

Electrode

Bi (001)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

245 ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.12 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+H2SO4/H2O 0.99 N Na2SO4+ 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.99 N Na2SO4+ 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.99 N Na2SO4+ 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.99 N Na2SO4+ 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.99 N Na2SO4+ 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.99 N Na2SO4+ 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.99 N Na2SO4+ 0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaF+HClO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M KBr+KF/H2O 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiBr+Li ClO4/propanol 0.1 M KJ+KF/H2O 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O

cyclohexanol cyclohexanol phenol phenol acetone methylethylketone methylpropylketone methylbutylketone diethylketone cyclohexanone acetic acid

T T T T T T T T T T T

–17.38 –17.4 –23.87 –21.69 –12.3 –14.7 –17.9 –20.9 –18.7 –19.2 –12.1

78Pya 85Lus2 70Alu 72Alu 74Erl 74Erl 74Erl 74Erl 74Erl 74Erl 73Pal

propionic acid

T

–13.8

73Pal

butyric acid

T

–15.5

73Pal

pentanoic acid

T

–18.4

73Pal

hexanoic acid

T

–21.3

73Pal

heptanoic acid

T

–24.7

73Pal

β-pentanoic acid

T

–17.6

73Pal

camphor aniline Cl– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– I– I– I– I– I– I– n-propanol n-butanol i-butanol 2-butanol 1-pentanol t-butanol t-butanol t-pentanol

T T T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T T T T; C T T T

–22.3 –19.8 –79.5 –84.0 –85.8 –86.0 –89.0 –92.0 –93.0 –94.2 –94.6 –99.8 –100.7 –102.0 –11.5 –14.2 –12.7 –13.2 –17.4 –12.6 –12.6 –15.5

Ref.

79Pal 71Alu 98Vää 02Lus 98Vää 02Lus 02Lus 02Lus 02Lus 99Vää2 12) 01Vää2 13) 01Vää2 12) 01Vää2 13) 02Lus 97Lus4 96Lus2 96Lus2 96Lus2 99Jän2 86Lus1 96Lus2 01Nur

246

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Bi (001)

0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M KBr+KF/H2O 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+Li ClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/2-propanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+Li ClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/2-propanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/2-propanol

heptanol cyclohexanol butylacetate pyridine pyridine adenosine adenosine adenosine d-ribose d-ribose Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br–

T T T T C T T T T T T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T

–25.7 –18.5 –20.5 –24.7 –25.1 –34.2 14) –34.4 15) –34.2 –16.66 –16.52 –89.0 –88.3 –90.0 –85.8 –86.0 –86.0 –86.0 –90.8 –86.0 –89.2 –89.2 –91.4 –90.7

0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/2-propanol

Br–

T

–91.4

0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/ methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiCl+Li ClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/2-propanol

Br– Br– Br Br– Br– Br– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl–

T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C

–86.8 –89.8 –86.2 –86.8 –86.8 –86.8 –80.5 –81.7 –81.3 –81.3 –81.3 –81.4 –81.3 –81.3 –81.3 –82.3 –82.8 –84.8

Ref. 03Jän 85Lus2 86Lus2 97Lus3 97Lus3 98Lus 98Lus 01Jän 99Jän1 01Jän 02Lus 98Vää 02Lus 99Vää1 13) 99Vää1 12) 98Vää 99Vää2 12) 98Vää 01Vää1 01Vää1 01Vää1 12) 01Vää1 00Vää 12), 96Vää 00Vää 13), 96Vää 01Vää1 01Vää1 99Vää1 13) 99Vää2 12) 99Vää1 12) 98Vää 98Vää 99Vää1 13) 99Vää2 12) 99Vää1 12) 98Vää 99Vää1 13) 98Vää 99Vää2 12) 99Vää1 12) 98Vää 98Vää 98Vää

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

Electrode

Bi (101)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

247 ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/2-propanol

Cl–

T

–84.8

0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/2-propanol

Cl–

T

–85.3

0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.1 M LiI+Li ClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M KI+KF/H2O 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M KI+KF/H2O 0.1 M LiI+Li ClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+Li ClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+Li ClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+Li ClO4/ethanol 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.05 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O

I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– n-propanol n-butanol 2-butanol i-butanol t-butanol t-butanol t-pentanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol heptanol butylacetate aniline pyridine pyridine 1-pentanol d-ribose d-ribose uracil

T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T T T T T T T T T T T T T C T; C T T T

0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O

cyclohexanol n-butanol 2-butanol t-butanol t-butanol cyclohexanol

T T T T T T

–97.5 –96.3 –97.5 –98.7 –110.0 –94.6 –98.7 –95.2 –95.2 –87.0 –100.2 –116.0 –96.3 –101.2 –102.4 –103.0 –12.3 –15.1 –14.5 –14.5 –13.6 –13.6 –17.3 –19.77 –20.1 –20.1 –27.3 –22.1 –20.0 –25.4 –26.2 –19.2 –30.76 –30.66 –17.1 –19.0 –14.4 –14.0 –13.0 –13.0 –19.04

Ref. 00Vää 12), 96Vää 00Vää 13), 96Vää 99Vää1 12) 99Vää1 13) 99Vää2 12) 99Vää2 12) 02Lus 99Vää1 13) 99Vää2 12) 99Vää1 12) 99Vää2 12) 02Lus 99Vää2 12) 80Pal 01Vää2 13) 01Vää2 12) 01Vää2 13) 02Lus 97Lus4 96Lus2 96Lus2 96Lus2 86Lus1 96Lus2 01Nur 78Pal 97Lus2 85Lus2 03Jän 86Lus2 82Pal 97Lus3 97Lus3 99Jän2 99Jän1 01Jän 05Kas 97Lus2 96Lus2 96Lus2 86Lus1 96Lus2 85Lus2

248

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Bi (101) Bi (111)

0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M KBr+KF/ H2O 0.1 M KBr+KF/H2O 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M KBr+KF/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M KBr+KF/2-propanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/2-propanol

butylacetate Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br– Br–

T T; C T T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T T; C T; C T; C T; C T T

–21.3 –83.0 –84 –85.3 –85.8 –85.3 –88.0 –85.3 –88 –85.3 –85.8 –88.8 –88.7 –93 –90.6

0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/2-propanol

Br–

T

–89.9

0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/2-propanol 0.1 M LiBr+LiClO4/2-propanol 0.1 M KCl+KF/H2O 0.1 M KCl+KF/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M KCl+KF/2-propanol 0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/2-propanol

Br– Br– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl– Cl–

T; C T; C T T T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T T

–89.8 –90.6 –79 –82 –80.8 –79.8 –79.8 –79.8 –79.8 –79.8 –83 –83.0

0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/2-propanol

Cl–

T

–83.3

0.1 M LiCl+LiClO4/2-propanol 0.1 M KI+KF/H2O 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M KI+KF/H2O 0.1 M KI+KF/H2O 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol

Cl– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I– I–

T; C T T; C T T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C T; C

–83.0 –112.0 –92.2 –96 –96.0 –94.2 –98.5 –99.2 –96.0 –99.0 –95.2 –94.2

Ref.

86Lus2 02Lus 00Lus 98Vää 99Vää1 13) 99Vää2 12) 02Lus 99Vää1 12) 00Lus 98Vää 01Vää1 01Vää1 01Vää1 12) 00Lus 00Vää 13), 96Vää 00Vää 12), 96Vää 98Vää 01Vää1 00Lus 00Lus 98Vää 99Vää1 13) 99Vää2 12) 99Vää1 12) 98Vää 98Vää 00Lus 00Vää 12), 96Vää 00Vää 13), 96Vää 98Vää 80Pal 99Vää2 12) 00Lus 02Lus 01Vää2 13) 01Vää2 12) 01Vää2 13) 02Lus 02Lus 99Vää1 13) 99Vää2 12)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

Electrode

Bi (21 1)

Cadmium (Cd)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

249

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Ref.

0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/methanol 0.1 M KI+KF/methanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M KI+KF/2-propanol 0.1 M LiI+LiClO4/acetonitrile 0.02 (1–x) M LiClO4+ 0.02x M NEt4ClO4/ethanol 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaF+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaF/ H2O 0.1 M NaF/ H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O

I– I– I– I– I– NEt +4

T; C T T; C T T; C T

–94.2 –97 –97.0 –96 –108.0 –81.0

99Vää1 12) 00Lus 99Vää2 12) 00Lus 02Lus 06Vää

n-butanol i-butanol 2-butanol t-butanol t-butanol t-butanol n-propanol 1-pentanol t-pentanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol heptanol butylacetate d-ribose d-ribose camphor aniline pyridine pyridine adenosine adenosine adenosine uracil

T T T T T C T; C T; C T T T C T T T T T T T T C T T T T

0.1 M KI+KF/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 N KF+H2SO4/H2O 0.2 N KI+KF/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O

I– n-propanol i-butanol 2-butanol t-butanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol camphor aniline I– ethanol n-propanol

T T T T T T T T T T T T T

–13.9 –12.7 –13.1 –12.2 –12.2 –12.0 –11.2 –17.0 –17.0 –17.01 –17.1 –16.8 –17.1 –24.5 –18.9 –16.52 –16.66 –21.6 –18.5 –22.1 –24.3 –32.7 14) –31.5 15) –32.7 –16.4 –114.0 –13.2 –14.2 –14.4 –13.4 –18.55 –18.55 –18.6 –23.2 –19.3 –92.0 –7.46 –9.53

96Lus2 96Lus2 96Lus2 86Lus1 96Lus2 96Lus2 97Lus4 99Jän2 01Nur 78Pal 97Lus2 97Lus2 85Lus2 03Jän 86Lus2 99Jän1 01Jän 79Pal 82Pal 97Lus3 97Lus3 98Lus 98Lus 01Jän 05Kas 80Pal 78Pya 96Lus2 96Lus2 96Lus2 78Pal 78Pya 97Lus2 79Pal 82Pal 72Pan2 75Ryb1 75Ryb1

250

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Cd

n-propanol n-propanol n-propanol

T T T

–9.61 –10.5 –10.4

73Ryb1 91Obr 91Obr

Cd (000) Cd (0001)

0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 1 N Na2SO4+0.05 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O 0.001 M NaF/H2O

n-butanol n-pentanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol

T T T C T

–12.85 –16.00 –8.29 –15.8 –16.2

75Ryb1 75Ryb1 73Ryb2 97Lus2 97Lus2

Cd (1010)

0.001 M NaF/H2O

cyclohexanol

T

–17.4

97Lus2

Cd (1020)

0.001 M NaF/H2O

cyclohexanol

T

–17.3

97Lus2

Carbon (C)

0.1 N NaClO4+0.1 N HClO4/ H2O

N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,1'naphthidine

CV

–24.68 16)

93Ote

Copper (Cu)

1 M H2SO4+0.5 M CuSO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.5 M CuSO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.5 M CuSO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.5 M CuSO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.5 M CuSO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.5 M CuSO4/H2O 0.9 N NaClO4+0.1 N NaOH/ H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.5 M HCl/H2O 0.5 M HCl/H2O 0.5 M HCl/H2O

propanoic acid butanoic acid pentanoic acid hexanoic acid heptanoic acid octanoic acid n-decylamine

CT CT CT CT CT CT RT

–12.55 17) –15.5 17) –18.4 17) –21.3 17) –24.3 17) –27.2 17) –30.51

71Lou 71Lou 71Lou 71Lou 71Lou 71Lou 64Boc2

RT RT RT RT CC CC CC

–29.3 –18.6 18) –26.4 19) –26.4 –14.5 –13.9 –14.2

64Boc1 95Was 95Was 95Sob 00Gas 00Gas 00Gas

CC

–15.2

00Gas

CC

–16.3

00Gas

0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaClO4/H2O

naphthalene benzoic acid benzoic acid benzoic acid imidazole 4-methylimidazole 4-methyl-5hydroxymethylimidazole 1-phyenyl-4methyl-imidazole 1-(p-tolyl)-4methyl-imidazole thiourea thiourea thiourea thiourea thiourea thiourea

RT RT RT RT RT RT

–22.3 –33.1 –22.4 –31.9 –22.3 –33.4

01Luk 06Luk 01Luk 06Luk 01Luk 06Luk

0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O

2-propanol

C

–9.2

91Pez

0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O

n-butanol

T

–14.55

05Eme

0.5 M HCl/H2O 0.5 M HCl/H2O

Cu (100) Cu (110) Cu (111)

Gallium (Ga) Ga-Bi 20)

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

251 ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Ga-Pb 21) Ga-Sn 22)

0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O

n-butanol n-butanol t-pentanol

T T C

–14.55 –14.55 –16.3

05Eme 05Eme 91Pez

Gold (Au)

1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaF/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O

cyclohexane 1,2-ethanediol 1,2-butanediol 1-propanol 2-propanol 2-propen-1-ol 2-propin-2-ol 1-butanol 2-butanol t-butanol 1-pentanol 1-pentanol 2-pentanol 1-hexanol 2-hexanol 1,2-cyclohexanediol 1,2-cyclohexanediol trans-1,2cyclohexanediol 1,3-cyclohexanediol 1,4-cyclohexanediol 1-heptanol 2-heptanol benzene naphthalene p-toluenesulphonate 23) β-cyclodextrine benzoic acid benzoic acid benzoic acid benzoic acid urea aniline aniline aniline o-toluidine m-toluidine p-toluidine N,N-dimethylaniline 2,5-dimethylaniline pyridine pyrazine

RT T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

–24.3 –6.9 –12.8 –5.0 –8.2 –31.8 –34.0 –8.5 –11.1 –9.63 –13.4 –13.7 –14.5 –17.9 –16.5 –19.0 –18.9 –17.5

63Dah 93Luc 93Luc 86Hol 98Bel 95Luc1 95Luc1 85Hol 86Hol 96Sta 87Tuc 85Hol 85Hol 85Hol 86Hol 95Luc2 89Hol 94Luc

T T T T RT RT T T RT RT RT T T T T T T T T T T C C

–19.6 –16.1 –21.2 –19.5 –25.5 –2.9 –40.00 –34.70 –16.4 24) –23.1 25) –16.4 –43.7 –24.0 –42.45 –47.00 –45.08 –34.05 –34.43 –34.35 –34.05 –35.42 –38.0 –32.5

89Hol 89Hol 86Hol 86Hol 63Dah 63Dah 92Sko1 90Jar 94Zel 94Zel 95Sob 71Kat 90Hol 90Pap 89Ngu 90Pap 89Sch 89Sch 89Sch 89Sch 89Sch 86Sto 97Ian

0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4 /H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Ref.

252

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Au

0.1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O, pH=9.8 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O, pH=9.8 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O, pH=1.4...7 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O, pH=1.4...7 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O, pH=1.4...7 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.05 M KF/methanol 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.04 M KClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O

DL-serine L-tyrosine L-histidine L-histidine L-histidine L-histidine L-histidine thiourea thiourea thiourea t-pentanol 2-butene-1,4-diol 2-butyne-1,4-diol diethylether benzonitrile pyridine t-pentanol diethylether pyridine

C C C C C C C T T T C T T C C C C C C

–37.0 –46.2 –44.6 26) –42.4 27) –42.0 26) –41.4 27) –42.3 28) –43.3 –26.5 –21.5 –17.4 –29.8 –29.0 –13.5 –27.9 –36.0 –18.5 –10.0 –42.0

01Slo 01Slo 01Slo 01Slo 01Slo 01Slo 01Slo 90Hol 94Brz 94Brz 88Ric 93Luc 93Luc 83Lip 90Ric 87Sto 86Ric2 83Lip 90Sto

0.1 M HClO4/H2O NaClO4/H2O NaClO4/H2O 0.01 M NaF/H2O 0.02 M HClO4/H2O 0.02 M HClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 29)

SO 24

C

–110.0 13)

n-hexanol n-hexanol diethylether sorbitol mannitol sorbitol mannitol benzonitrile pyridine pyrazine pyrazine benzonitrile 4-cyanopyridine 1,3-dimethyluracil uracil 5-methyluracil 5,6-dimethyluracil L-phenylalanine benzenesulfonic acid bromide ions pyrazine benzonitrile p-toluenesulphonate benzonitrile

C T C T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C T

–22.3 –22.3 –15.5 –17.3 –12.4 –17.7 –15.2 –27.0 –37.0 –26.0 –26.2 –28.1 –37.0 –35.4 –14.85 –17.95 –22.1 –27.0 13) –35.0

95Shi 97Sil 97Sil 83Lip 94Sot 94Sot 94Sot 94Sot 92Ric 91Sto 94Ian 97Ian 90Ric 95Yan 96Wan1 96Wan2 96Wan1 96Wan2 01Li 96Dut

T C C C C

–140.0 13) –39.0 –26.4 –35.0 –26.2

96Shi 97Ian 90Ric 92Sko2 90Ric

Au (100)

Au (110)

Au (111)

Au (210) Au (211) Au (311)

0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

253 ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Au (322) Au (511)

0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O

pyridine benzonitrile benzonitrile

C C C

–44.0 –25.8 –25.6

92Sto 90Ric 90Ric

In-Ga eutectic alloy (16.4 at.% In)

0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O

ethanol propanol n-butanol n-pentanol

T T T T

–6.13 –11.31 –14.46 –17.03

74Gri 74Gri 74Gri 74Gri

Iron (Fe) mild steel

1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.9 N NaClO4+0.1 N NaOH/H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3/ 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O

naphthalene n-decylamine hexadecenylsuccinic anhydride hexadecylsuccinic anhydride octenylsuccinic anhydride benzyldimethylhexadecyl-ammonium chloride trimethylexadecylammonium chloride lauric acid

RT RT CC

–29.3 –27.58 –37.00

64Boc1 64Boc2 99Dur

CC

–31.00

99Dur

CC

–27.00

99Dur

CC

–37.00

99Dur

CC

–32.00

99Dur

CC

–34.00

99Dur

sebacic acid

CC

–25.00

99Dur

cetylpyridinium chloride cetylamine

CC

–35.00

99Dur

CC

–36.00

99Dur

stearylamine

CC

–34.00

99Dur

dimethyldodecylamine cetyl cyanide

CC

–23.00

99Dur

CC

–29.00

99Dur

cetylmercaptan

CC

–31.00

99Dur

dimethyldipalmitylammonium chloride folic acid

CC

–31.00

99Dur

CC

–33.00

99Dur

2,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4oxadiazole n-pentanol cyclohexanol

WL

–37.61

06Bou

T T

–18.00 –18.74

69Gri1 72Gri2

Ref.

Indium (In)

steel

3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 3% W/V NaCl+100 mg Na2CO3 100 ml H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Lead (Pb)

0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

254

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Pb

0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.9 N NaClO4+0.1 N NaOH/ H2O 0.12 N KF/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O

cyclohexanol cyclohexanol phenol aniline n-decylamine

T T T T RT

–18.76 –18.8 –22.59 –22.2 –25.9

72Alu 80Khm 72Gri2 72Gri2 64Boc2

phenol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol

T T T T T

–22.62 –18.6 –18.9 –18.1 –18.4

70Alu 80Khm 80Khm 80Khm 80Khm

Cl– NCS– NCS– toluene toluene naphthalene naphthalene diphenyl diphenyl methanol ethanol 2-(methylthio)ethanol n-propanol n-propanol n-propanol n-propanol 2-propanol n-propanol hexafluoro2-propanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol n-butanol t-butanol

T EC EC T T T T T T T T EC

–81.2 –90.4 31) –97.1 32) –5.34 –19.2 –4.69 –8.93 34) –6.46 35) –8.8 34) –13.8 –7.78 –17.9

68Pay 68Min 68Min 85Dam 85Dam 70Kag 70Kag 70Kag 70Kag 68Mur3 67Dam 79Ike

T T T C C C EC

–12.76 –14.6 36) –12.75 –19.9 –12.5 –19.7 –10.7

67Dam 65Bar2 73Ryb1 93For 91Pez 93For 74Ped

T T T T T T EC T C C C EC T

–14.6 –14.0 37) –13.1 38) –14.7 –15.4 –16.03 –14.5 –14.0 –17.6 –16.4 –15.9 –10.47 –14.0

97Dam1 97Dam1 97Dam1 97Dam1 97Dam1 67Dam 76Bro 76Bro 90Mon2 93For 93For 61Blo 75Pul1

Pb (100) Pb (110) Pb (111) Pb (112) Mercury (Hg)

1 M KCl+KF/H2O 30) KNCS/H2O KNCS/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.2 N NH4NO3/methanol 0.1 N NaClO4/DMF 33) 0.1 N NaClO4/DMF 33) 0.1 N NaClO4/DMF 33) 0.1 N NaClO4/DMF 33) 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.4 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/ H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption Electrode

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

255 ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

0.25 N NaF/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 M HClO4+0.001 M HCl/ H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaF/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.05 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KBr/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KJ/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.25 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.25 M NaF/H2O 0.25 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O

t-butanol t-butanol n-pentanol 1-pentanol

EC T T T

–13.0 –14.0 –19.17 –11.31

76Pul 76deB1 67Dam 57Han

n-pentanol n-pentanol n-pentanol n-pentanol i-pentanol i-pentanol i-pentanol t-pentanol t-pentanol n-hexanol n-hexanol n-hexanol n-hexanol n-pentanol 3-pentanol n-heptanol n-heptanol n-heptanol n-octanol n-octanol n-octanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol 1,2-ethanediol 1,2-ethanediol 1,2-ethanediol 1,2-ethanediol 1,2-ethanediol 1,3-propanediol 2-propen-1-ol 1,4-butanediol 1,4-butanediol 1,4-butanediol 1,4-butanediol 1,5-pentanediol 1,6-hexanediol 1,6-hexanediol 1,7-heptanediol β-cyclodextrine

C T T T T EC T T C T C C C T EC C C C C C C T T EC EC EC EC EC C C T EC EC EC C C EC; C C C EC

–20.4 –18.1 –17.6 37) –15.6 38) –17.98 –14.0 –13.9 –18.0 –19.6 –22.56 –23.8 –23.6 –24.5 –21.7 –18.0 –28.5 –27.3 –27.0 –31.8 –30.8 –31.5 –19.45 –19.35 –20.3 –8.37 –8.45 –8.03 –8.7 –8.8 –15.9 –24.06 –15.5 –15.5 –15.5 –17.6 –21.3 –23.1 –23.7 –26.4 –34.7

90Mon2 97Dam1 97Dam1 97Dam1 70Dob 76Bro 76Bro 62Dam 91Pez 67Dam 93For 93For 90Mon2 97Dam1 69Bro1 90Mon2 93For 93For 90Mon2 93For 93For 70Dob 72Alu 69Bro1 70Tra 70Tra 70Tra 70Tra 90Mon1 90Mon1 68Mur3 68Dut 78Pul 78Pul 90Mon1 90Mon1 85Gol 90Mon1 90Mon1 88Bor1

Ref.

256

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Hg

0.7953 M NaF/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 0.12 N KF/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 M HClO4+0.001 M HCl/ H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4+0.001 M HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 M HClO4+0.001 M HCl/ H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N KBr/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KF/H2O 1 N KI/H2O 1 N NaCl/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.4 M Na2SO4+0.1 M H2SO4/ H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.4 M Na2SO4+0.1 M H2SO4/ H2O

sucrose allyl alcohol propargyl alcohol phenol phenol phenol phenol

T T T T C EC T

–22.1 –13.0 36) –12.3 36) –28.4 –28.37 –10.89 –21.82

81Par 65Bar2 65Bar2 70Alu 64Dam2 61Blo 57Han

phenol phenol phenol phenol pyrocatechol pyrocatechol resorcinol hydroquinone α-naphthol phloroglucinol phloroglucinol 3-pentanone n-pentanone 2,4-pentanedione

T T T; EC T T T; EC T T EC EC T; EC T EC T

–26.0 39) –18.5 40) –6.3 41) –14.64 –31.07 –6.3 41) –30.8 –28.34 –27.22 –25.5 41) –20.1 41) –12.10 –27.6 –12.19

86Rol 86Rol 83Sar 68Mur3 69Dya 83Sar 69Dya 69Dya 61Blo 79Sar 83Sar 57Han 61Blo 57Han

cyclohexanone methylpropylketone methylbutylketone di-n-butylketone methylpentylketone methylhexylketone dioxane dioxane dioxane dioxane dioxane dioxane benzaldehyde α-naphthaldehyde cinnamaldehyde acetic acid

EC T T EC T T T T T T T T EC EC T T; EC

–21.10 –19.6 –22.3 –25.55 –25.1 –27.8 –13.8 –12.5 36) –13.8 –10.9 –12.6 –15.5 –18.85 –28.90 –34.7 –12.6

69Bro1 73Gus 73Gus 61Blo 73Gus 73Gus 63Wat 65Bar2 63Wat 63Wat 63Wat 68Mur3 61Blo 61Blo 84Gon 70Dam

acetic acid

T

–13.2

97Dam2

propionic acid

T; EC

–15.9

70Dam

propionic acid

T

–14.8

97Dam2

Ref.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption Electrode

ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.4 M Na2SO4+0.1 M H2SO4/ H2O 0.1 M HClO4+0.001 M HCl/ H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.1 N HClO4/H2O 0.4 M Na2SO4+0.1 M H2SO4/ H2O 0.8 N Na2SO4+0.2 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.4 M Na2SO4+0.1 M H2SO4 0.1 M HClO4+0.001 M HCl/ H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+0.05 M HClO4/ H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 m Na2SO4/H2O

n-butyric acid

EC

–15.21

69Chi

n-butyric acid

T

–15.21

69Chi

n-butyric acid

T; EC

–19.1

70Dam

n-butyric acid

T

–18.5

97Dam2

n-pentanoic acid

T

–10.80

57Han

n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid

EC T; EC

–12.14 –23.1

61Blo 70Dam

α-iso-valeric acid

T; EC

–18.0

70Dam

β-iso-valeric acid

T; EC

–18.6

70Dam

trimethyl acetic acid n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid

T; EC

–17.0

70Dam

EC T T

–15.3 –15.3 –21.8

76Bro 76Bro 97Dam2

n-hexanoic acid

T; EC

–26.6

70Dam

n-hexanoic acid octanoic acid

T T

–23.5 –12.14

97Dam2 57Han

maleic acid

EC

–12.8

69Pos

benzoic acid benzoic acid o-hydroxybenzoic acid p-hydroxybenzoic acid o-hydroxybenzoic acid p-hydroxybenzoic acid α-naphthoic acid D-ribose

EC EC; T EC

–19.27 –26.0 –29.9

61Blo 77Tan 72Jos

EC

–26.0

72Jos

EC; T

–38.62

81Dob

EC; T

–39.08

81Dob

EC EC

–32.25 –6.93

61Blo 78Bra1

2’-deoxy-D-ribose

EC

–7.51

78Bra1

D-ribose 5’-phosphate

EC

–3.32

78Bra1

0.1 m Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 N Na2SO4+0.05 N H2SO4/ H2O 0.05 N Na2SO4+0.05 N H2SO4/ H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4 0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4 0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

257 Ref.

258

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Hg

1 N KNO3/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.25 M NaF/H2O 0.25 M NaF/H2O 0.25 M NaF/H2O 0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4+0.001 M HCl/ H2O 0.25 M NaF/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O

benzofurazan butylamine t-butylamine N-methylaniline acetonitrile propionitrile butyronitrile butyronitrile pentane nitrile

T EC EC EC EC; T EC; T EC; T EC; T T

–27.2 –20.5 –16.5 –23.84 –9.1 –10.6 –13.8 –13.8 –10.38

71Tsv 65Zwi 83Bor 65Zwi 73DeB 75Abd 79Ama 79Ama 57Han

succinonitrile benzonitrile n-pentanoic acid n-butylammonium chloride benzylammonium chloride α-naphthylammonium chloride n-thiobutanol thiophenol thiourea thiourea thiourea piazthiole di-n-butylsulfide dibenzylsulfide n-butyl sulfonic acid benzylsulfonic acid

EC; T EC EC EC

76deB2 61Blo 61Blo 61Blo

EC

–12.6 –19.68 –12.14 –4.2... –10.05 –4.2... –10.05 –4.2... –10.05 –23.04 –25.55 –95.72 –94.13 –90.9 –33.5 –30.99 –36.44 –4.2... –10.05 –4.2... –10.05 –6.70

C C T EC EC EC EC EC EC EC T EC

–22.22 –18.6 –23.54 42) –17.15 36) –18.82 36) –102.1 –103.8 –10.46 36) –13.8 36) –17.7 –18.6 36) –13.8

1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N KNO3/H2O 0.1 N NaClO4/DMF 33) 1 N KNO3/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KI/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 0.1 M NaH2PO4/H2O 1 M NaH2PO4/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 0.03 N NaClO4/H2O

α-naphthyl sulfonic acid aniline aniline aniline aniline aniline acetanilide acetanilide pyridine pyridine pyridine pyridine pyridine

EC EC EC EC T T T T EC EC EC EC

Ref.

61Blo 61Blo 61Blo 61Blo 61Par 68Par 70Gan 71Tsv 61Blo 61Blo 61Blo 61Blo 61Blo 64Dam1 64Dam1 85Dam 61Bar2 61Con 66Par1 66Par1 61Bar2 61Con 65Con 65Bar2 74Con1

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption Electrode

ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

0.03 N NaClO4+0.01 M NaOH/ H2O 1 N HCl/H2O

pyridine

EC

–13.8

74Con1

1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 2-Cl-pyridine 2-Cl-pyridine piperidine piperidine piperidine pyrazine

EC

–15.48 36)

61Bar2

EC

–18.82 36)

61Con

EC EC EC EC T EC

–14.64 36) –22.17 36) –15.06 36) –19.24 36) –18.8 36) –17.99 43)

61Bar2 61Con 61Bar2 61Con 65Bar2 73Con

pyrazine pyrazine

EC EC

–11.4 –11.4

74Con1 74Con1

nicotinic acid 2-NH2-pyridine 2-NH2-pyridine morpholine piazselenole sodium tetraphenylborate cis-1,2-dibromoethylene trans-1,2-dibromoethylene tyrosine adenine

T EC EC T T T

1 N KCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 0.03 N NaClO4+0.01 M NaOH/ H2O 0.03 N NaClO4/H2O 0.03 N NaClO4+0.01 M NaOH/ H2O 0.1 N KF/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KCl/H2O 1 N KNO3/H2O 0.916 M NaF/H2O 1 M LiClO4/H2O 1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4 0.5 M borate buffer/H2O 0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4 0.5 M borate buffer/H2O 0.5 M borate buffer/H2O 0.5 M borate buffer/H2O 0.5 M borate buffer/H2O 0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4 0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4 0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

259

–100.8 –18.82 36) –16.73 36) –14.6 36) –36.1 –41.38

Ref.

92Jur 61Bar2 61Con 65Bar2 71Tsv 72Gio

T

–21.5

69Mar

T

–21.03

69Mar

T EC

–31.3 –18.46

97Jur 78Bra2

adenine adenosine

T EC

–18.5 –24.4

77Kin 78Bra2

deoxyadenosine deoxyadenosine5’-monophosphate deoxyadenosine5’-diphosphate deoxyadenosine5’-triphosphate adenosine 5’-monophosphate uracil

T T

–23.8 –20.7

77Kin 77Kin

T

–20.6

77Kin

T

–23.0

77Kin

EC

–20.44

78Bra2

EC

–12.53

78Bra2

uridine

EC

–17.47

78Bra2

260

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Hg

0.5 M NaF/H2O+0.01 M Na2HPO4 0.5 M NaF/H2O, pH = 7 0.5 M NaF/H2O, pH = 7 0.5 M NaF/H2O, pH = 7 0.1 M HClO4/H2O

uridine 5’-monophosphate uracil 2-thiouracil 5-ethyl-2-thiouracil chloroform

EC

–16.16

78Bra2

T T T EC

–23.7 –32.8 –40.6 –14.2

91Wan 91Wan 91Wan 69Bro1

0.9 N NaClO4+0.1 N NaOH/ H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O

n-decylamine

RT

–28.42

64Boc2

naphthalene

RT

–25.1

64Boc1

Nickel (Ni)

Ref.

Palladium (Pd)

0.9 N NaClO4+0.1 N NaOH/H2O

n-decylamine

RT

–25.91

64Boc2

Platinum (Pt)

1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H3PO4/H2O 1 N H3PO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N NaClO4/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.9 N NaClO4+0.1 N NaOH/ H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M HCl/H2O

ethylene benzene benzene benzene benzene naphthalene n-butyl alcohol phenol 1-naphthol 1-naphthaldehyde n-valeraldehyde n-valeric alcohol benzoylchloride n-valeroylchloride 1-naphthoyl chloride n-butylamine n-decylamine

RT RT RT RT RT RT EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR RT

–20.48 –23.87 –32.18 44) –27.22 –36.36 44) –35.1 –34.7 –40.2 –56.1 –54.0 –32.6 –35.6 –39.3 –33.9 –59.4 –33.5 –30.93

65Gil 66Hei 66Hei 66Hei 66Hei 64Boc1 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 64Boc2

aniline 1-naphthamine benzaldehyde benzoic acid benzoic acid 1-naphthoic acid benzonitrile n-valeronitrile 1-butylmercaptane thiophenol

EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR RT EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR EL; IR

–42.3 –54.8 –38.5 –43.5 –49.5 –61.1 –43.9 –38.1 –36.0 –41.0

92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 95Sob 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc 92Boc

0.1 M NaF/H2O 0.5 M NaF/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaF/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O

Cl– Cl– Cl– Br– Br– I–

T T T T T T

–86.0 –83.0 –95.0 –96.0 –101.0 –95.0

82Lar 82Lar 83Hup 82Lar 83Hup 83Hup

Silver (Ag)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption

261

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Ref.

Ag

0.5 M NaF/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.1 M KF/H2O 0.04 M (NaF+NaCl)/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M KF/H2O 0.05 M KPF6/H2O 0.04 M (NaF+NaCl)/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N NaF/H2O 0.1 N LiClO4F/H2O 0.1 N LiClO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.04 M (NaF+NaCl)/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M KF/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.05 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.5 M NaOH/methanol+5% H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O

N 3– CN– 4-phenylpyridine thiourea Cl– 1-butanol 2-butanol isobutanol amyl alcohol n-pentanol Cl– 1-butanol 2-butanol 1-butanol 2-butanol n-hexanol n-pentanol tyrosine Cl– isobutanol amyl alcohol amyl alcohol n-hexanol uracil 5-methyluracil 5,6-dimethyluracil tyrosine thioethanol n-thiopropanol n-thiobutanol n-thiopentanol n-thiohexanol n-thioheptanol n-thiooctanol n-thiodecanol thioethanol n-thiopropanol n-thiobutanol n-thiopentanol n-thiohexanol n-thioheptanol n-thiodecanol n-thiododecanol n-thiohexadecanol ethanol n-propanol

T T T T T T T T T T; C T T T T T T T; C T T T T T T C C C T CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV C C

–93.0 –23.0 45) –40.0 –85.6 –100.0 –21.4 –23.0 –20.5 –15.8 –14.1 –93.0 –20.6 –22.7 –21.0 –18.4 –23.0 –12.2 –28.1 –100.0 –20.9 –15.3 –16.4 –24.7 –11.38 –14.65 –21.1 –28.1 –78.0 –82.3 –86.5 –90.8 –95.0 –99.3 –103.6 –112.0 –87.0 –89.1 –91.2 –94.5 –95.0 –96.6 –102.5 –106.7 –110.0 –7.36 –11.88

82Lar 97Rog 02Buk 88Mil 78Val 02Jur 02Jur 76Vit3 88Pop 01Dou 78Val 02Jur 02Jur 02Jur 02Jur 74Vit3 01Dou 98Mil 78Val 76Vit3 88Pop 94Dou 74Vit3 96Wan2 96Wan2 96Wan2 98Mil 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 98Hat 46) 73Gri 73Gri

Ag (100)

Ag (110)

Ag (111)

Tin (Sn) Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

262

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption ΔGad0 4)5) [kJ mol–1]

Electrode

Solution 1)

Adsorbate 2)

Met. 3)

Sn

0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 N Na2SO4/H2O

n-butanol n-pentanol

C C

–15.4 –17.86

73Gri 73Gri

0.1 N KCl+0.0002 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KCl+0.0002 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KCl+0.0002 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KCl+0.0002 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N KCl+0.0002 N H2SO4/H2O

n-propanol n-butanol n-pentanol cyclohexanol cyclohexanol

T T T T T

–9.94 –12.51 –15.42 –15.9 –15.9

76Ipa2 76Ipa2 76Ipa2 75Ipa1 75Ipa2

Zn (1010)

0.1 N KCl+0.0002 N H2SO4/H2O

cyclohexanol

T

–15.1

75Ipa2

Zn (1020)

0.1 N KCl+0.0002 N H2SO4/H2O

cyclohexanol

T

–14.7

75Ipa2

Zinc (Zn) Zn (0001)

Ref.

) If no concentration is given the reported value of ΔG 0ad did not depend on the concentration of the supporting

1

electrolyte; concentrations are given as molar values (M) or molal (m) values. If the original report contains concentration numbers in units of N this is maintained. In case of mixed electrolytes (this is mostly used to maintain constant ionic strength) the electrolyte containing the species to be asdorbed is mentioned first. 2 ) Adsorbates are arranged alphabetically starting with inorganic adsorbates; within a given adsorbate data are arranged with increasing concentration of the supporting electrolyte. 3 ) Met. = Method. C = chronocoulometry, CC = corrosion current method, EC = Electrocapillary method, EL = Ellipsometric method, IR = Infrared spectroscopic method, CV = cyclic voltammetry, RT = Radiotracer method, T = Tensammetry, TF = Thin film resistance, WL = weight loss method. When a combination of methods was used all methods are listed separated by slashes. See also list of symbols. ) If values of ΔG 0ad as a function of electrode potential are reported only maximum values are listed except for data reported for specific adsorbate orientations. 5 ) Standard state: unit mole fraction in solution and unit coverage in monolayer. 6 ) T = –15 °C. 7 ) T = –0 °C. 8 ) T = 12 °C. 9 ) T = 25 °C. 10 ) T = 40 °C. 11 ) T = 50 °C. 12 ) Obtained at σ = 0 C cm–2. 13 ) Obtained at E = Epzc. 14 ) Obtained with assuming a Frumkin isotherm. 15 ) Obtained with assuming a Henry isotherm. 16 ) The actual value varies slightly depending on the way the glassy carbon electrode was pretreated. 17 ) Extrapolated to zero coverage. 18 ) At ERHE = –0.2 V. 19 ) At ERHE = –0.2 V. 20 ) Gallium saturated with bismuth. 21 ) Gallium saturated with lead. 22 ) Gallium saturated with tin. 23 ) The concentration of the supporting electrolyte and of the adsorbate were adjusted to keep constant ionic strength. 24 ) At ERHE = 0.3 V. 4

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

4 Free enthalpies of adsorption 25

) At ERHE = 1.3 V. ) Value calculated using Frumkin’s isotherm. 27 ) Value calculated using Henry’s isotherm. 28 ) Value calculated using Langmuir’s isotherm. 29) Concentration of NaClO4 and benzensulfonic acid kept constant at 0.1 M. 30 ) Variable concentration of chloride, total concentration kept at constant ionic strength. 31 ) T = 293 K. 32 ) T = 313 K. 33 ) DMF = dimethylformamide. 34 ) Flat adsorbate orientation. 35 ) Inclined adsorbate orientation. 36 ) θ = 0.5. 37 ) T = 50 °C. 38 ) T = 75 °C. 39 ) Flat orientation. 40 ) Perpendicular orientation. 41 ) At Epzc. 42 ) ENHE = 0.241 V. 43 ) θ = 0.17. 44 ) T = 70 °C. 45 ) At ESHE = –0.7 V. 46 ) θ = 1.0, ccalc. = 5 mM. 26

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

263

R1

References 57Han 61Bar2 61Blo 61Con 61Par 62Dam 63Dah 63Wat 64Boc1 64Boc2 64Dam1 64Dam2 65Bar2 65Con 65Gil 65Zwi 66Hei 66Par1 67Dam 68Dut 68Min 68Mur3 68Par 68Pay 69Bro1 69Chi 69Dya 69Gri1 69Mar 69Pos 69Pul 70Alu 70Dam 70Dob 70Gan 70Kag 70Tra 71Alu 71Kat 71Lou 71Tsv 72Alu 72Gio 72Gri2 72Jos 72Pan2 72Pet1 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Hansen, R.S., Minturn, R.E., Hickson, D.A.: J. Phys. Chem. 61 (1957) 953. Barradas, R.G., Conway, B.E.: Electrochim. Acta 5 (1961) 349. Blomgren, E., Bockris, J.O’M., Jesch, C.: J. Phys. Chem. 65 (1961) 2000. Conway, B.E., Barradas, R.G.: Electrochim. Acta 5 (1961) 319. Parsons, R.: Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 261 (1961) 79. Damaskin, B.B., Grigorjev, N.B.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 147 (1962) 135. Dahms, H., Green, M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 110 (1963) 1075. Watanabe, A., Tsuji, F., Ueda, S.: Kolloid Z. Z. Polym. 191 (1963) 147. Bockris, J.O’M., Green, M., Swinkels, D.A.J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 111 (1964) 743. Bockris, J.O’M., Swinkels, D.A.J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 111 (1964) 736. Damaskin, B.B., Mishutushkina, I.P., Gerovich, V.M., Kaganovich, R.I.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 38 (1964) 1797. Damaskin, B.B., Gerovich, V.M., Gladkikh, I.P., Kaganovich, R.I.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 38 (1964) 2495. Barradas, R.G., Hamilton, P.G.: Can. J. Chem. 43 (1965) 2468. Conway, B.E., Barradas, R.G., Hamilton, P.G., Parry, J.M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 10 (1965) 485. Gileadi, E., Rubin, B.T., Bockris, J.O’M.: J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965) 3335. Zwierzykowska, I.: Rocz. Chem. 39 (1965) 101. Heiland, W., Gileadi, E., Bockris, J.O’M.: J. Phys. Chem. 70 (1966) 1207. Parsons, R., Zobel, F.G.R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 62 (1966) 3511. Damaskin, B.B., Survila, A.A., Rybalka, L.E.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 146. Dutkiewicz, E., Garnish, J.T., Parsons, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 16 (1968) 505. Minc, S., Andrejczak, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 17 (1968) 101. Murti, M.V.R., Singh, N.: Allg. Prakt. Chem. 19 (1968) 365. Parsons, R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 64 (1968) 1077. Payne, R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 64 (1968) 1638. Broadhead, D.E., Hansen, R.S., Potter jr., G.W.: J. Colloid Interface Sci. 31 (1969) 61. Chizhov, A.V., Damaskin, B.B.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 1012. Dyatkina, S.L., Damaskin, B.B.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 438. Grigor’ev, N.B., Macavariani, D.N.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 87. Markova, I.G., Feoktistov, L.G.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 1095. Pospisil, L., Kuta, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 34 (1969) 3047. Pullerits, R.J., Palm, U.V., Past, V.E.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 886. Alumaa, A.R., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 580. Damaskin, B., Frumkin, A., Chizhov, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 28 (1970) 93. Dobren'kov, G.A., Schilotkach, G.D.: Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 1416. Ganzhina, I.M., Damaskin, B.B.: Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 1715. Kaganovich, R.I., Damaskin, B.B., Kaisheva, M.K.: Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 1359. Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 28 (1970) 257. Alumaa, A., Palm, U.: Uch. Zap. Tartu. Gos. Univ. 289 (1971) 41. Katoh, K., Schmid, G.M.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 44 (1971) 2007. Loutfy, R.O., Sukava, A.J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 118 (1971) 216. Tsveniashvili, V.Sh., Zhdanov, S.I., Todres, Z.V.: Elektrokhimiya 7 (1971) 28. Alumaa, A.R., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 790. Giomini, C., Rampazzo, L.: J. Phys. Chem. 76 (1972) 707. Grigor’ev, N.B., Machavariani, D.N.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 406. Joshi, K.M., Rajagopalan, S.: Electrochim. Acta 17 (1972) 479. Panin, V.A., Rybalka, K.V.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 1202. Petyarv, E.K., Kolk, K.A., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 100.

R2 72Pet2 72Pul 73Con 73DeB 73Gri 73Gus 73Pal 73Ryb1 73Ryb2 74Con1 74Erl 74Gri 74Ped 74Vit3 75Abd 75Ipa1 75Ipa2 75Pul1 75Pul2 75Ryb1 76Bro 76Ipa2 76Pul 76Vit3 76deB1 76deB2 77Kin 77Tan 78Bra1 78Bra2 78Pal 78Pul 78Pya 78Val 79Ama 79Ike 79Pal 79Sar 79Vaa2 80Khm 80Pal 81Dob 81Par 82Lar 82Pal 83Bor 83Hup

Petyarv, E.K., Kolk, K.A., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 8 (1972) 104. Pullerits, R., Moldau, M., Palm, U., Past, B.: Uch. Zap. Tartu. Gos. Univ. 302 (1972) 41. Conway, B.E., Dhar, H.P., Gottesfeld, S.: J. Colloid Interface Sci. 43 (1973) 303. De Battisti, A., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 48 (1973) 213. Grigor’ev, N.B., Kuprin, V.P., Loshkarev, Yu.M.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1842. Gusakova, O.Yu., Damaskin, B.B., Fedorovitch, N.V.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1134. Palm, Yu.V., Palm, V.E., Erlich, Yu.I., Erlich, T.E.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1399. Rybalka, L.E., Damaskin, B.B., Leikis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 414. Rybalka, L.E., Damaskin, B.B.: Elektrokhimiya 9 (1973) 1562. Conway, B.E., Mathieson, J.G., Dhar, H.P.: J. Phys. Chem. 78 (1974) 1226. Erlich, Yu.I., Pal’m, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 1866. Grigor'ev, N.B., Kalyushnaja, A.M.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 1287. Pedriali, R., Kuta, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 51 (1974) 395. Vitanov, T., Popov, A.: Elektrokhimiya 10 (1974) 1373. Abd-El-Nabey, B.A., Trasatti, S.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 71 (1975) 1230. Ipatov, Yu.P., Batrakov, B.B.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1282. Ipatov, Yu.P., Batrakov, B.B.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 1717. Pulidori, F., Borghesani, G., Pedriali, R., Bighi, C.: Ann. Chim. (Rome) 65 (1975) 581. Pullerits, R.Ya., Moldau, M.E., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 487. Rybalka, D.E., Damaskin, B.B., Leijkis, D.I.: Elektrokhimiya 11 (1975) 9. Broadhead, D.E., Balkerikar, K.G., Hansen, R.S.: J. Phys. Chem. 80 (1976) 370. Ipatov, Y.P., Batrakov, V.V., Shalaginov, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 286. Pulidori, F., Borghesani, G., Pedriali, R., Bighi, C.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 72 (1976) 65. Vitanov, T., Popov, A.: Elektrokhimiya 12 (1976) 319. de Battisti, A., Abd-El-Nabey, B., Trasatti, S.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 72 (1976) 2076. de Battisti, A., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 73 (1976) 327. Kinoshita, H., Christian, S.D., Dryhurst, G.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 83 (1977) 151. Taniguchi, I., Machida, K., Sato, N., Sekine, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 50 (1977) 1245. Brabec, V., Christian, S.D., Dryhurst, G.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 125 (1978) 1236. Brabec, V., Christian, S.D., Dryhurst, G.: Biophys. Chem. 7 (1978) 253. Pal’m, U.V., Pyarnoya, M.P.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1070. Pulidori, F., Borghesani, G., Pedriali, R., De Battisti, A., Trasatti, S.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 74 (1978) 79. Pyarnoya, M.P., Pal’m, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 14 (1978) 1229. Valette, G., Hamelin, A., Parsons, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 113 (1978) 71. Amadelli, R., Daghetti, A., Vergano, L., De Battisti, A., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 100 (1979) 379. Ikeda, O., Kogo, K., Tamura, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 95 (1979) 177. Paltusova, N., Alumaa, A., Palm, U.: Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 1870. Sarangapani, S., Venkatesan, V.K.: Electrochim. Acta 24 (1979) 975. Vaartnou, M.G., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 15 (1979) 1568. Khmelevaya, L.P., Chizhov, A.V., Damaskin, B.B., Vainblat, T.I.: Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 257. Palm, U.V., Pyarnoya, M.P.: Elektrokhimiya 16 (1980) 1599. Dobrenkov, G.A., Gucewa, L.T.: Elektrokhimiya 17 (1981) 1272. Parsons, R., Peat, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 122 (1981) 299. Larkin, D., Guyer, K.L., Hupp, J.T., Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 138 (1982) 401. Paltusova, N.A., Alumaa, A.R., Palm, U.V.: Elektrokhimiya 18 (1982) 475. Borghesani, G.: Electrochim. Acta 28 (1983) 483. Hupp, J.T., Larkin, D., Weaver, M.J.: Surf. Sci. 125 (1983) 429.

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Lipkowski, J., van Huong, C.N., Hinnen, C., Parsons, R., Chevalet, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 143 (1983) 375. Sarangapani, S., Venkatesan, V.K.: Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. Part A 49 (1983) 124. Gonzalez-Arjona, D., Andreu, R., Rueda, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 178 (1984) 305. Damaskin, B.B., Dyatkina, S.L., Gerovich, V.M.: Elektrokhimiya 21 (1985) 716. Goledzinowski, M., Dojlido, J., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 185 (1985) 131. Holze, R., Beátowska-Brzezinska, M.: Electrochim. Acta 30 (1985) 937. Lust, E.I., Palm, Yu.V.: Elektrokhimiya 21 (1985) 1381. Holze, R., Beátowska-Brzezinska, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 201 (1986) 387. Lust, E.I., Palm, Yu.V.: Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 407. Lust, E.I., Erlich, Yu.I., Palm, Yu.V.: Elektrokhimiya 22 (1986) 695. Richer, J., Lipkowski, J.: Langmuir 2 (1986) 630. Rolle, D., Schultze, J.W.: Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 991. Stolberg, L., Richer, J., Irish, D.E., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 207 (1986) 213. Stolberg, D.E., Irish, J., Lipkowski, J.: Electroanal. Chem. 238 (1987) 333. Tucceri, R.I., Posadas, D.: Electrochim. Acta 32 (1987) 27. Borkowska, Z.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 246 (1988) 423. Milkowska, M.: Electrochim. Acta 33 (1988) 161. Popov, A., Velev, O., Vitanov, T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 256 (1988) 405. Richer, J., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 251 (1988) 217. Holze, R., Fischer, G.: DECHEMA-Monogr. 117, Weinheim: VCH, 1989, p. 331. Nguyen Van Huong, C.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 264 (1989) 247. Schomaker, S.: Diplomarbeit, Universität Oldenburg, 1989. Holze, R., Schomaker, S.: Electrochim. Acta 35 (1990) 613. Jarzabek, G.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 294 (1990) 253. Moncelli, M.R., Guidelli, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 295 (1990) 239. Moncelli, M.R., Foresti, M.L., Guidelli, R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 295 (1990) 225. Pape, U.: unpublished results, Oldenburg, 1990. Richer, J.: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Guelph, 1990. Stolberg, L., Lipkowski, J., Irish, D.E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 296 (1990) 171. Obraztsov, V.B., Parfenov, Yu.A., Danilov, F.I.: Elektrokhimiya 27 (1991) 980. Pezzatini, G., Foresti, M.L., Moncelli, M.R., Guidelli, R.: J. Colloid Interface Sci. 146 (1991) 452. Stolberg, L., Morin, S., Lipkowski, J., Irish, D.E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 307 (1991) 241. Wandlowski, T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 312 (1991) 245. Bockris, J.O'M, Jeng, K.T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 330 (1992) 541. Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 332 (1992) 265. Richer, J., Iannelli, A., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 324 (1992) 339. Skoluda, P., Dutkiewicz, E.: Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 75. Skoluda, P., Dutkiewicz, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 329 (1992) 279. Stolberg, L., Lipkowski, J., Irish, D.E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 322 (1992) 357. Foresti, M.L., Mocelli, M.R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 348 (1993) 429. àuczak, T., Beátowska-Brzezinska, M., Holze, R.: Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 717. Otero, L., Vettorazzi, N., Barbero, C., Miras, M.C., Silber, J.J., Sereno, L.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 350 (1993) 251. Brzostowska-Smolska, M.: Pol. J. Chem. 68 (1994) 1379. Doubova, L.M., Valcher, S. Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 73. Iannelli, A., Merza, J., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 49. àuczak, T., Holze, R., Beátowska-Brzezinska, M.: Electroanalysis 6 (1994) 773. Lust, E.J., Jänes, A.A.-Ja.: Elektrokhimiya 30 (1994) 357. Sottomayor, M.J., Silva, F.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 59. Zelenay, P., Waszczuk, P., Dobrowolska, K., Sobkwoski, J.: Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 655.

R4 95Luc1 95Luc2 95Shi 95Sob 95Was 95Yan 96Dut 96Lus2 96Shi 96Sta 96Vää 96Wan1 96Wan2 97Dam1 97Dam2 97Ian 97Jur 97Lus2 97Lus3 97Lus4 97Rog 97Sil 98Bel 98Hat 98Lus 98Mil 98Vää 99Dur 99Jän1 99Jän2 99Vää1 99Vää2 00Gas 00Lus 00Vää 01Dou 01Jän 01Li 01Luk 01Nur 01Slo 01Vää1 01Vää2 02Buk 02Jur 02Lus

àuczak, T., Beátowska-Brzezinska, M., Holze, R.: Electroanalysis 7 (1995) 251. àuczak, T.: Thesis, University of Poznan, 1995. Shi, Z.H., Lipkowski, J., Mirwald, S., Pettinger, B.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 396 (1995) 115. Sobkowski, J., Waszczuk, P., Zelenay, P.: Elektrokhimiya 31 (1995) 920. Waszczuk, P., Zelenay, P., Sobkowski, J.: Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) 1717. Yang, D., Lipkowski, J.: Elektrokhimiya 31 (1995) 836. Dutkiewicz, E., Skoluda, P.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3763. Lust, E., Jänes, A., Lust, K., Miidla, P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 413 (1996) 175. Shi, Z., Lipkowski, J., Mirwald, S., Pettinger, B.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3737. Standke, C.: Diploma Thesis, Technische Universität Chemnitz-Zwickau, 1996. Väärtnôu, M., Pärsimägi, P., Lust, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 407 (1996) 227. Wandlowski, T., Hölzle, M.H.: Langmuir 12 (1996) 6597. Wandlowski, T., Hölzle, M.H.: Langmuir 12 (1996) 6604. Damaskin, B.B., Safonov, V.A., Baturina, O.A.: Elektrokhimiya 33 (1997) 117. Damaskin, B.B., Baturina, O.A.: Elektrokhimiya 33 (1997) 1141. Iannelli, A., Brolo, A.G., Irish, D.E., Lipkowski, J.: Can. J. Chem. 75 (1997) 1694. Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M., Muszalska, A., Slojkowska, R.: Electrochemical Society Meeting 97-2, Paris, France, 1.-5.9.1997, Ext. Abstr. p. 1068. Lust, E., Jänes, A., Lust, K., Miidla, P.: Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 771. Lust, E., Jänes, A., Miidla, P., Lust, K.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 425 (1997) 25. Lust, E., Jänes, A., Lust, K.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 436 (1997) 141. Rogozhnikov, N.A., Beck, R.Y.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 434 (1997) 19. Silva, F., Sottomayor, M.J., Coelho, V.: Electrochemical Society Meeting 97-2, Paris, France, 1.-5.9.1997, Ext. Abstr. p. 956. Beátowska-Brzezinska, M., àuczak, T., Holze, R.: Surf. Sci. 418 (1998) 281. Hatchett, D.W., Uibel, R.H., Stevenson, K.J., Harris, J.M., White, H.S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 1062. Lust, E., Jänes, A., Lust, K.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 449 (1998) 153. Milkowska, M., Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M.: Pol. J. Chem. 72 (1998) 1096. Väärtnôu, M., Lust, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 445 (1998) 165. Durnie, W., De Marco, R., Kinsella, B., Jefferson, A.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 146 (1999) 1751. Jänes, A., Vagel, A., Miidla, P., Lust, E.: Ext. Abstracts of 50th ISE-Meeting, Pavia, Italy, September 5th-10th, 1999, Abstract 2-466. Jänes, A., Miidla, P., Lust, E.: J. Solid State Electrochem. 3 (1999) 277. Väärtnõu, M., Lust, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 469 (1999) 182. Väärtnõu, M., Lust, E.: Electrochim. Acta 44 (1999) 2437. Gasparac, R., Martin, C.R., Stupnisek-Lisac, E.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 147 (2000) 548. Lust, K., Väärtnou, M., Lust, E.: Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 3543. Väärtnõu, M., Lust, E.: Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 1623. Doubova, L.M., De Battista, A., Daolio, S., Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 500 (2001) 134. Jänes, A., Lust, E.: Electrochim. Acta 47 (2001) 967. Li, H.-Q., Chen, A., Roscoe, S.G., Lipkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 500 (2001) 299. àukomska, A., Smolinski, S., Sobkwoski, J.: Electrochim. Acta 46 (2001) 3111. Nurk, G., Jänes, A., Miidla, P., Lust, K., Lust, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 515 (2001) 33. Slojkowska, R., Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M.: Colloids Surf. 178 (2001) 325. Väärtnõu, M., Lust, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 499 (2001) 136. Väärtnõu, M., Lust, E.: Electrochim. Acta 47 (2001) 997. Bukowska, J., Calvo, M., Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M., Jackowska, K.: Pol. J. Chem. 76 (2002) 1151. Jurkiewicz-Herbich, M., Milkowska, M., Slojkowska, R.: Colloids Surf. A 197 (2002) 235. Lust, K., Väärtnõu, M., Lust, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 532 (2002) 303

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Jänes, A., Miidla, P., Lust, E.: J. Solid State Electrochem. 7 (2003) 189. Emets, V.V., Damaskin, B.B.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 582 (2005) 97. Kasuk, H., Nurk, G., Lust, K., Lust, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 580 (2005) 128. Bouklah, M., Hammouti, B., Lagrenée, M., Bentiss, F.: Corros. Sci. 48 (2006) 2831. àukomska, A., Sobkowski, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 592 (2006) 68. Väärtnõu, M., Lust, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 587 (2006) 220.

264

5 Exchange current densities

5 Exchange current densities

5.1 Kinetics of electrode processes at an electrode in contact with an electrolyte solution 1) In a simplified electrode reaction of the form Ox + n e – → Red

(5.1)

an oxidized species Ox is reduced by a transfer of n electrons from the electrode onto the species forming the reduced species Red. The number n of electrons transferred is sometimes called reaction valency. An electrode reaction is always a heterogeneous reaction; its rate is assumed to be proportional to the surface area A. With ξ designating the extent of the reaction the rate divided by the surface area is v=

1 dξ = va − vc A dt

(5.2)

with va and vc denoting the rate of the oxidation (anodic) and the reduction (cathodic) reaction. In the following text as well as in the tables it is assumed (if not explicitly stated otherwise), that with a single rate determining step a number of n electrons is transferred and a stochiometric number υ of generated/consumed species of the transition state is passed in the process of the electrode reaction. The total Faradaic current density (given in A cm–2) is composed of the anodic current density ja and the cathodic current density jc according to j = ja + j c

(5.3)

with the partial current densities related to the corresponding reaction rates ja =nFva

(5.4)

jc =−nFvc

(5.5)

and

By definition a current of positive charge (an oxidation reaction) is taken as a positive current, a current of negative charge (a reduction reaction) is taken as a negative current. When the electrode is at equilibrium, the net current density j equals zero. This implies, that j a = jc = j0

1)

(5.6)

As outlined in chapter 1 the term „electrode“ is used - contrary to the suggestion of W. Nernst - to designate the electronically conducting phase only, the term „electrolyte solution“ covers all types of ionically conducting phases (solutions, melts, solids) being in contact with the former phase.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

265

This exchange current j0 density shows a characteristic value for a given reacting species, electrolyte solution composition and electrode material, in addition it depends on the concentration of the reacting species. Other exchange current densities related to surface properties like e.g. surface step or dislocation densities have been reported [74Vit2], they are not included in the following tables. The relationship between these various currents and the electrode potential is given by the Butler-Volmer-equation, a complete treatment of this equation has been provided by various authors elsewhere [80Bar2, 01Bar]. In order to obtain values of j0 which can be compared directly without regard to different reactant concentrations a standard exchange current density j00 has been defined, which refers to a reactant concentration of 1 mol L–1 (for the definition see below). This current density has also been called conditional exchange current density j0 (see e.g. [75Tam]). Unfortunately there are numerous examples, where the values of j00 calculated from values of j0 obtained at various reactant concentrations do not agree. Consequently in the table reported below values of j00 are listed only when reported by the authors. When the partial current density is found to be proportional to the concentration of a reactant ci or the product of concentrations of several reactants Π cν i with νi being the reaction order with respect to ci, an electrochemical rate constant i

i

for the anodic reaction kox = ja / nF Πi ciν i

(5.7)

and for the cathodic reaction kred = jc / nF Πi ciν i

(5.8)

can be defined. With Σ being the overall reaction order (the sum of all ν i ) the electrochemical rate constant has the dimension mol(1–Σ)cm(3Σ–2)s–1. For a first order reaction the dimensions are cm s–1. In addition to the exchange current density the transfer coefficient α is needed to describe the relationship between the electrode potential and the current flowing across the electrode/solution interface. From a formal point of view α can be obtained by calculating the partial current densities with respect to the electrode potential for the anodic reaction:

α a /ν =( RT / nF )( ∂ln ja / ∂E ) T,p,ci = ( RT / nF )( ∂lnk ox / ∂E ) T,p

(5.9)

and for the cathodic reaction

α c /ν =−( RT / nF )( ∂ln jc / ∂E ) T,p,ci =( RT / nF )( ∂lnk red / ∂E ) T,p

(5.10)

From a kinetic point of view α describes the influence of a change of the electrode potential on the energy of activation for the charge transfer reaction which in turn influences the partial current density. The transfer coefficients αa for the anodic charge transfer reaction and αc for the cathodic reaction add up according to

αa + αc = 1

(5.11)

Assuming αa + αc to be independent of the electrode potential integration of (5.9) and (5.10) yields 0 exp(α nFE / RT ) k ox = k ox a

(5.12)

0 exp( −α nFE / RT ) k red = k red c

(5.13)

and

0 and k 0 being the rate constant at E = 0 V with respect to a reference electrode. These values with k ox red

are sometimes reported for electrode reactions with unknown equilibrium potentials. A closely related rate constant also reported sometimes is the apparent rate constant kapp. This constant is calculated from the observed current I at a selected electrode potential, the surface area of the electrode A and the surface concentrations cs of the reacting species according to Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

266

5 Exchange current densities kapp = I/FAcs

(5.14)

The surface concentration cs can be obtained in various ways. With cyclic voltammetry cs can be determined according to cs = cb [(I1 – I)/I1]

(5.15)

with cb being the bulk reactant concentration; I1 being the peak current in the voltammogram and I being the current in the rising part of the current wave [80Bar1]. This rate constant varies with electrode potential, thus a precise comparison of values is possible only when the electrode potential is known. A conditional electrode reaction rate constant 2) k c0 which is defined as the common value of the anodic and cathodic rate constants at the conditional electrode potential E0' is given according to k c0 = k ox /exp[α a nF ( E − E 0' )/ RT ]

(5.16)

k c0 = k red /exp[ −α c nF ( E − E 0' )/ RT ]

(5.17)

and

It should be kept in mind, that these rate constants are defined based on the volume concentrations of the reacting species. Another standard rate constant k0 can be defined with regard to the rate of the reaction at the standard electrode potential of the electrode reaction. This rate constant refers consequently to standard activities instead of concentrations. As a result of polarographic investigations using e.g. a dropping mercury electrode electrochemical rate constants at the half wave potential E1/2 are reported: k1/2 = k red /exp[ −α c nf ( E − E1/2 )/ RT ]

(5.18)

If the reaction is diffusion controlled, i.e. the charge transfer is fast compared to reactant transport, the value of k1/2 is equal to k c0 . With the electrochemical rate constant a relationship between the exchange current density, the electrochemical rate constant and the concentration of the reacting species can be derived: j0 =nFcred k ox /exp(α a nFη/ RT )

(5.19)

j0 =nFcox k red /exp( −α c nFη/ RT )

(5.20)

and

with the overpotential η = E – E0. With (5.11) the conditional electrode reaction rate constant (5.17) and (5.18) can be fused α

α

j0 = nFk c0 coxa credc

(5.21)

The standard (conditional) exchange current density can be rewritten accordingly: 0 )α a (c 0 )α c j00 = nFk c0 (cox red

(5.22)

wherein ci0 is the standard concentration (usually 1 mol dm–1). In order to obtain an electrochemical quantity not depending on the actual reactant concentration (as the rate constant k0) the exchange current density j0 can be converted into the standard exchange current density j00 according to α

α

j0 = j00 coxa credc (c # ) −1

(5.23)

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Unfortunately there are numerous examples in the literature where conversion of values of j0 obtained at various concentrations did not result in the same value of the standard exchange current density j00 (e.g. 83Kaw]). Further relationships have been discussed elsewhere [64Tan, 70Mat]. Compilations of exchange current densities j0 or the corresponding kinetic parameter k0 etc. have been published only sparingly [64Tan, 75Tam]. Relationships between the rate of an electrochemical reaction and other properties of the participating materials and species like e.g. the work function or electronic properties of the metal acting as an electrode have been discussed elsewhere [57Con1, 72Tra, 77Tra], the influence of the energies of the hydrogen-platinum bond on the exchange current density has been treated using density functional theory [05Nor]. Relationships between electrode kinetics (including j0) and Epzc have been discussed [70Khe]. The way the electron is actually passing the phase boundary, the influence of interactions between the electrode and the reacting species (inner-sphere versus outer-sphere reaction [76Wea, 96Tor, 01Wea]) and the mechanism of processes closely associated with the electron transfer itself (i.e. the electrode reaction mechanism) will not be considered in this text.

5.2 Methods for the determination of exchange current densities Current density versus electrode potential curves (current-potential curves) At an electrode immersed in an electrolyte solution a rest electrode potential will be established provided that a potential determining electrode reaction can take place (e.g. at the interface between a copper wire and a copper ion-containing solution or at the interface between a platinum wire and an electrolyte solution containing both iron(II)- and iron(III)-ions). If this electrode is connected to a suitable electronic device (i.e. a potentiostat) a change of this electrode potential can be effected by forcing an electric current of sign and magnitude appropriate to change the interfacial concentration of those species through the electrode/solution interface. Various steps of the overall electrode process may limit this current and may thus interfere with the establishment of the desired electrode potential. Provided that the charge transfer is the rate determining step the relationship between current density and electrode potential is given by the Butler-Volmer-equation [80Bar2, 01Bar]. At deviations from the rest potential, small enough to avoid transport to become the rate controlling step and large enough to neglect the corresponding back reaction, mathematic simplification results in a linearized form of this equation (Tafel approximation). From respective plots of current density and electrode potential the exchange current density and the transfer coefficient can be derived. An experimental procedure for measurements with a dropping mercury electrode involving photographic determination of drop size and surface area has been described [64But1]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CP.) Cyclic voltammetry Beyond applying a fixed electrode potential different from the rest potential various other time dependent potential changes are feasible. In an experimental approach widely used the electrode potential is changed linearly with time. Upper and lower potential limits are fixed, thus the change of the electrode potential plotted as a function of time yields a triangular plot. Thus this methods is frequently called triangular voltage sweep method. Since the potential is cycled between these limits and since the potential (in volts) and the current (in ampere) are recorded, the method is also called cyclic voltammetry. In the presence of a redox couple in the electrolyte solution typical voltammograms with current peaks are obtained which provide the information needed for the calculation of electrode reaction rate constants. An introduction to the method was provided by Nicholson [65Nic]. For reviews see [84Hei2, 89Bon]. High speed cyclic voltammetry [88Wip] has been reviewed by Wightman and Wipf [90Wig]. The suitability of microelectrodes in cyclic voltammetry in particular at low temperatures has been discussed [92Saf]. As the term voltammetry itself can be applied to a broad variety of methods, where the fundamental principle (i.e. reLandolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

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cording the flowing current as a function of the electrode potential) is combined with different methodological variations (i.e. modulation of the electrode potential with an additional signal), there are numerous „voltammetries“. They are treated in the appropriate context of the additional modification below (e.g. AC voltammetry). (Data obtained with the basic method are labelled CV.) Thin-layer voltammetry Cyclic voltammetry as described above can be performed in an electrochemical cell wherein the solution volume is confined to a space of a few micrometers thickness between the flat working electrode and an inert plate mounted adjacent to the working electrode. Connection to the counter and reference electrode is made by inserting the assembly into the electrolyte solution contained in a standard electrochemical cell. Because of the thin liquid film enclosed between working electrode and inert plate diffusional transport of solution species from within the bulk solution is impeded. At sufficiently low scan rates (dE/dt < 2 mV s–1) and electrolyte layer thickness (d < 4·10–3 cm) the reactant concentration at the electrode surface will differ only negligibly from the bulk concentration. The amount of species converted electrochemically within the time frame of a potential sweep is thus limited to the amount of liquid confined in the said volume. When the species under investigation undergoes an electrode reaction wherein the species converted from a given state of oxidation into another one can be converted back into its initial state (this criterion has been called sometimes misleadingly „reversibility“) the potential splitting between the oxidation and reduction peak can be used to calculate the rate of reaction. For further information and reviews see [66Hub, 69Hub, 70Hub, 72Lai]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled TLV.) Coulostatic method In the absence of an external current flowing across the solution/electrode interface the electrochemical interface can be treated in good approximation as a capacity (i.e. the double layer capacity) connected in parallel to a resistor (i.e. the charge transfer resistance). Any electrical charge brought onto the capacity will be discharged into the resistance. The rate of discharge will depend on the magnitude of the resistance; the latter being directly related to the exchange current j0. The charging of the double layer is done in various ways, the duration of the charging process has to be sufficiently short in order to avoid any appreciable concentration perturbation because of the electrolysis taking place. The potential-time curves recorded after the charging are evaluated resulting in the desired kinetic parameters [62Del1, 62Del2, 62Del3, 62Rei1, 62Rei2]. A consideration of the limitations of this method has been reported [67Koo2]. The method has also been called coulostatic relaxation method. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CS.) Potential step method A sudden change of the electrode potential (i.e. a potential step, sometimes less precisely called voltage step) applied by e.g. a potentiostat results in a current flow needed to change the concentration of the species involved in the electrode potential determining reaction to the new values determined by the new value of the electrode potential. An additional current flow is needed to charge the electrochemical double layer capacitance to the new value. The latter process is accomplished within usually 10–3 s. During a brief period of time following immediately the charging time the potential-time relationship is controlled predominantly by the charge transfer process. A plot of the measured current versus t –1/2 extrapolated for t = 0 s for various values of ΔE yields the relationship of charge transfer overpotential versus charge transfer current, which in turn provides the desired exchange current density j0 [54Lor, 55Ger1, 55Ger2, 57Vie]. A treatment taking into account double layer effects has been reported [69Tan1], the method has also been simply called potentiostatic method. An experimental approach employing two matching electrochemical cells (only one containing the species dissolved in the supporting electrolyte solution being present in both cells), wherein the difference in response to the potential step is recorded (thus the method has been termed differential potentiostatic technique) has been described [64Bon]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled PS.) Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

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Cyclic potential step method Based on an evaluation of the drawbacks and limitations of the established potential step methods Smit and Wijnen [60Smi, 60Wij2] have developed a method wherein a cyclic potential-step is applied to a polarizable electrode. Mathematical treatment of the current response predicts a rapidly established constant pattern. This prediction is free from limitations pertaining to reversibility of the electrochemical system [54Kam, 56Kou] or amplitude of the potential perturbation (compare with e.g. AC and square wave polarography [58Bar2, 58Mat]). Exchange current densities and transfer coefficients can be obtained. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CPS.) Impedance method The measurement of the electrode impedance has also been called Faradaic impedance method. Since measurements are possible by applying either an electrode potential modulated by an AC voltage of discrete frequency (which is varied subsequently) or by applying a mix of frequencies (pink noise, white noise) followed by Fourier transform analysis, the former method is sometimes called AC impedance method. The optimization of this method for the use with ultramicroelectrodes has been described [91Bar1]. (Data obtained with these methods are labelled IP.) Faradaic rectification When the electrode potential of the working electrode is modulated with a sinusoidal alternating current, the mean potential is shifted by a small increment in many cases. This effect has been named Faradaic rectification, it is caused by the non-linearity of the proceeding electrode processes, in particular their variation of rate with the electrode potential [51Dos2, 54Hil, 57Old, 71Aga, 94Gal]. A theoretical treatment of an electrode in contact with a solution containing a redox system has been provided [57Old, 51Dos3, 51Dos4, 52Dos2]. It was extended to reactions where one reactant is present in its elementary form dispersed throughout a metallic liquid phase (e.g. Cd2+ → Cd(Hg)) [58Bar1]. An improved evaluation technique has been proposed [67deL], some inherent problems have been reviewed [60Bau]. A variant of this method applied to polarography has been described by van der Pol et al. [73Pol]. The measurement of the second harmonic in AC polarography (see below) has been described, the approach closely resembles Faradaic rectification [66Bau]. (Data obtained with all variants of the Faradaic rectification method are labelled FR.) Faradaic distortion method When a pure sinusoidal AC current passes across the electrode/solution interface, the cell voltage (a two electrode arrangement is used) shows a sinusoidal perturbation. It contains multiples of the fundamental frequency of the modulation, the first harmonic dominates. The magnitude of the effect is comparable to Faradaic rectification, but experiments may be easier to perform. Measurement and evaluation have been described in detail [60Old, 72Hil2]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled FD.)

Galvanostatic method The potential of an electrode being initially at equilibrium (i.e. no net current is flowing across the electrochemical interface) is shifted when a constant current is applied. Recording the change of the electrode potential as a function of time after turning-on of the current (i.e. applying a current step) results in curves, which yield the desired kinetic data. Since only the initial part of the curve is of interest (in this time domain transport etc. does not influence the current-overpotential relationship) a fast electronic current switch is required. Instead of only switching on the current a current pulse of defined duration can be applied, in this case the method is called galvanostatic single pulse method [55Ber1, 55Ber2], for details

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see below. A consideration of the limitations of this method has been reported [67Koo2]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled GM.) Galvanostatic single pulse method An electrochemical system (i.e. an electrode) can be displaced from its equilibrium situation by applying a current pulse or step. From the electrode potential response kinetic data pertaining to the redox system present at the electrode/solution interface (j0 and α) can be derived [55Ger1, 55Ger2, 55Ber1, 55Ber2, 55Ber3]. In addition to the change of the electrode potential this pulse or step also charges the double layer capacitance. The actual value of the differential capacitance of the double layer can be extracted from the charging curve. From the subsequent relaxation of the electrode potential the charge transfer resistance can be calculated taking into account the already obtained value of the double layer capacitance. By limiting the pulse duration to very short values (ns to μs) the supplied electrical charge can be kept very low, consequently mass-transport contributions need not be taken into account. Infrequently this method has been called 'current impulse relaxation technique' [67Wei1, 67Wei2]. Further details can be found elsewhere [67Wei1, 69Dau]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled GS.) Galvanostatic double pulse method The current flowing across the interface between the electronically conducting phase (electrode) and the ionically conducting phase (electrolyte solution etc.) causes a deviation of the electrode potential from its rest value in the absence of a net current to a new value. The difference is called overpotential; it is attributed to the limited rate of the involved steps of the overall electrode process. The aim of many experimental methods used for the measurement of the rate of the electrochemical charge transfer is to exclude the unwanted influence of all other steps than the central charge transfer step. A sudden change (e.g. from zero to a given value) of the current flowing across the interface effected by a suitable instrument (a galvanostat) will result in a current immediately after the step which is only limited by the rate of the charge transfer because all other steps of the electrode reaction are still almost in equilibrium. Evaluation of the potential-time transients should yield the charge transfer overvoltage from the relationship between applied current and observed initial overpotential, which can be combined with the applied current to yield the charge transfer resistance and finally the exchange current density Rct =

RT nFj0

(5.24)

Unfortunately the sudden change in current and potential causes a substantial charging current necessary to adapt the electrochemical double layer to the new electrode potential. This distorts the potential-time transients in the crucial initial period. Gerischer and Krause have developed a method which provides a short pulse of a large current used predominantly to charge the double layer practically without affecting the concentration of the reactant followed by a second much smaller current step [57Ger2]. At the beginning of the second step the slope of the potential-time transient should be zero, from the relationship between the measured potential and the applied current the charge transfer resistance etc. can be calculated. A proper match of time and duration of the first pulse has to be found by trial and error. (Data obtained with this method are labelled GD.) Galvanostatic current interruption Interruption of the galvanostatically controlled current flowing across the electrode/solution interface results in potential-time curves which can be evaluated in order to obtain values of j0 [70New]. An experimental setup has been described [87Wru]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled GCI.) A method based on the oscillographic observation of the response after current interruption or turning-on suitable for its interpretation taking into account the effect of side reactions on potential-time curves has been described [59Khe, 61Zin]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled OCS.)

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Cyclic current step method The inherent drawbacks and limitations of current step and pulse methods (e.g. need of photographic recording or transients recorders, influence of double layer capacitance) have caused further developments including the application of a cyclic current square wave. The observed cell response reaches a steady state very soon and can be inspected easily with an oscilloscope. Exchange current density and double layer capacitance can be obtained. A mathematical treatment for a symmetrical square wave and a cyclic state of the cell response has been provided by Berzins and Delahay [55Ber3]. An extended treatment including asymmetric square waves applicable even when the cell response has not yet attained a steady state has been reported by Wijnen and Smit [60Wij1, 60Wij2, 60Wij3]. This method (together with the cyclic potential step method) has been infrequently called oscilloscopic square wave method [66Tep1, 66Tep2, 68Tep]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CCS.) Dropping mercury electrode The dropping electrode, in particular used with mercury and with amalgams, has been frequently employed in kinetic studies [66But3]. Data obtained with this electrode/method are labelled DME, if no specific technique is applied that is more helpful in qualifying the obtained data. Open-circuit method When the area A of the electrode/solution interface with a redox system in the solution varies (e.g. when using a streaming mercury electrode), the double layer capacity which is proportional to A, varies too. The corresponding double layer charging current has to be supplied at open circuit conditions by the Faradaic current of the redox reaction. The associated overpotential can be measured with respect to a reference electrode. By measuring the overpotential at different capacitive current densities (i.e. Faradaic current densities) the current density vs. electrode potential relationship can be determined, subsequently kinetic data can be obtained [65Del3]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled OC.) Chronopotentiometry A constant current flowing across the electrolyte solution/electrode interface causes a potential shift because of the changing concentrations of educts and products, which are consumed and generated respectively. The change of the electrode potential as a function of time is recorded in a chronopotentiometric experiment. Depending on the rate of the electrode reaction various mathematical treatments are possible providing access to rate constants; for details see e.g. [01Bar]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CH.) Chronocoulometric method When the potential of an electrode is switched from a value, where an electrode reaction under investigation proceeds at a negligible rate, to a value, where the rate is measurable, a charge-time behavior can be observed, which contains besides numerous other electrochemical parameters the rate constant of the electrode reaction. Details and a complete derivation have been given elsewhere [73Rod, 75Wea, 76Wea] (Data obtained with this method are labelled CM.)

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Direct current polarography Kinetic data especially of slow electrode reactions can be extracted from polarographic curves obtained with direct current polarography (DC polarography) and a dropping mercury electrode (DME, see entry above). A complete review of the fundamentals of polarography including the use of DC polarography for the derivation of values of i0 has been provided [60Sta, 65Hey, 53Del]. Equations describing the current potential relationship useful for the derivation of i0 have been reported [65Del2]. The analysis of irreversible waves has been described by Koutecky and Weber [53Kou, 55Web]. The term polarography basically refers to a method, where the current flowing across the electrochemical interface is recorded as a function of the applied electrode potential, historically in most cases a mercury electrode is involved. Thus polarography might be called also voltammetry. This sometimes results in confusing terms like e.g. AC voltammetry, which is obviously equivalent to AC polarography (see following entry). (Data obtained with this method are labelled DCP.) Alternating current polarography Superposition of a small amplitude AC voltage on the DC ramp in a polarographic or voltammetric experiment results in an alternating current added to the direct current. Analysis of the AC part as a function of the applied electrode (DC) potentials yields kinetic information about the proceeding electrode process [58Mat, 58Bau]. An advanced technique, wherein an excitation signal composed of several discrete, noncoherent frequencies is supplied to the electrochemical cell and the response is measured at every frequency simultaneously using appropriately tuned electronic circuits (the method is termed AC polarography in the non-coherent wave frequency mode), has been reported [72Hue]. A combination of the Faradaic rectification method with polarography has been described by van der Pol et al.; for theoretical and experimental details see [73Pol]; results obtained with this method are designated FR. For alternating current harmonics methods, i.e. the measurement of the second harmonic in AC polarography [66Bau] see above because of the similarities with Faradaic rectification. (All data obtained with AC polarographies and voltammetry are labelled ACP.) Oscillographic polarography Application of a suitable electrode potential to a small electrode immersed in a solution containing a low concentration of an electrochemically active species with a large concentration of an indifferent supporting electrolyte can result in a diffusion controlled flow. Sudden application of this potential results in an initially large current which decreases with time according to the growing diffusion-layer thickness. Using a sufficiently fast recording device (e.g. a cathode ray oscilloscope (i.e. an oscillograph)) the time-dependent current-potential relationship can be recorded. Essentially the same information obtained from a polarogram recorded within about ten minutes can be obtained here within a few seconds. The form of the obtained curves and their evaluation have been described [48Ran, 48Sev, 55Mat]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled OP.) Pulse polarography Theoretical treatment of polarographic curves for the calculation of values of j0 has been described [65Hey, 66Hey], for an overview see [94Gal], a further evaluation procedure has been described [68Old]. Experimental details, in particular of solid electrodes in combination with a rotating disk electrode have been reported elsewhere [84Guy]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled PP.)

Miscellaneous polarographic methods Beyond specific polarographic techniques variations of these methods have been developed aiming at simplified and fast evaluation using modified measurement procedures and data processing. Oldham and Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

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Parry have described procedures to determine the kinetic parameters of totally irreversible electrode processes using various polarographic techniques [68Old]. (Data obtained with these methods are collectively labelled POL.) Rotating disc electrode The current flowing across an electrochemical interface is in most cases controlled or at least influenced by transport limitations. A determination of a pure charge transfer overpotential or charge transfer current is thus hampered. This problem may be solved either by providing unlimited reactant supply (which is impossible) or by providing a reactant supply which can be mathematically treated. This treatment can be used to remove the transport contribution from the experimental data. So far the reactant flow towards a rotating disc electrode and the turbulent flow within a tube or a channel (see below) have been described mathematically with sufficient precision. In case of a rotating disc electrode the active electrode area is disc shaped and embedded in the front end of a rod of insulating material. Rotation of the rod drags the fluid along the rod surface, the effective centrifugal force flings the solution outwards, and fresh solution from the bulk is flows normal to the disk surface. The hydrodynamic and the convective-diffusion equations have been solved rigorously for this system [62Lev, 71Alb, 76Ple, 84Fil]. By extrapolating current versus rate of rotation data obtained at various overpotentials towards infinite rates the transport contribution can be eliminated and pure charge transfer controlled data become available resulting finally in values of j0. (Data obtained with this method are labelled RDE.) Controlled hydrodynamic convection Alternatively controlled hydrodynamic convection can be achieved by using a rotating bucket (electrochemical cell) or a controlled electrolyte flow and a stationary electrode [55Jor, 62Los1, 62Jor]. The evaluation of cyclic voltammograms obtained with a stationary electrode exposed to a flowing electrolyte solution moved by a rotating disc has been treated in detail [60Oza1, 60Oza2, 68Suz, 69Suz, 70Suz]. The method has been called hydrodynamic voltammetry; the electrode has been named 'convection electrode'. A setup suitable for liqud metal electrodes has been described [64Suz]. In order to minimize transport control limiting the charge transfer reaction forced convection can be achieved by using a rotating metal wire as a working electrode [50Ger]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CF). Turbulent pipe flow Beside laminar flow created by e.g. a rotating disc electrode turbulent flow provides a means of artificially enhanced transport. A consistent mathematical description and analytical treatment of this mode of transportation is not possible. Various approximations have been proposed and tested for correctness [84Bar1], an experimental setup has been described [78Ber, 83Her, 83Iwa]. From comparisons of measured and calculated current density vs. electrode potential relationships exchange current densities are available. (Data obtained with this method are labelled TPF.) Stirred solution Steady state polarization curves showing the dependence of the electrode potential vs. the current flowing across the solution or electrolyte melt/electrode interface can be recorded in a simple three-electrode arrangement in either the galvanostatic or the potentiostatic mode. In order to minimize transport control limiting the charge transfer reaction, stirring the electrolyte solution can be used to enhance convection artificially [68Boc2]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled SS.)

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Radiotracer (radiochemical) method The electron transfer between an electrode (e.g. a metal) and a corresponding species in solution (e.g. the metal ion) is a dynamic equilibrium process at E = E0 with ja = jc = j0 . This implies a continuous exchange of species between solution and electrode. Such an exchange can be detected and measured with radioactive species (radiotracers) being present initially only in one phase. As a function of time the other phase will become radioactive too. The rate of the increase of radioactivity corresponds to the value of j0. Because of the limited speed of measurements of radioactivity the measurable values of j0 and k c0 are low ( k c0 ≤ 10–2 cm s–1). In case of redox systems like e.g. Ce(III)/Ce(IV) the different solubilities of the involved species in a separate liquid phase can be used for separation. Experimental setups have been described [56Fro1, 63Ric, 63Bom, 63Fio]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled RT.) Derivative cyclic voltabsorptometry Using optically transparent electrodes (OTE) the concentration of light absorbing species formed or consumed during electrochemical reactions can be monitored [84Hei1]. Usually this is done under stationary or quasistationary conditions, i.e. at a constant or at an only slowly changing electrode potential. Results are displayed as absorption A vs. electrode potential E. Instead of the absorption the derivative ∂A /∂E can be registered. The obtained plots closely resemble cyclic voltammograms. Digital simulation of these plots can be used to obtain the rate constant of the involved electrode reaction [81Ban]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled DCVA.) Circular dichroic spectroelectrochemical method Optically active molecules show circular dichroism. Their extinction coefficients ε L and ε R are different and change as a function of wavelength. Using a suitable spectroelectrochemical cell, Δε = ε L – ε R , which is usually small compared to conventional extinction coefficients, can be measured. Combined with the special properties of a thin layer cell kinetic data can be extracted from CD-data [01Liu]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled CD.) Mixed potential method A titration procedure essentially equivalent to the redox titration known from analytical chemistry can be employed to obtain kinetic parameters including rate constants of processes. In a two-compartment cell with an ionically conducting connection (porous glass frit, salt bridge) wire electrodes of the desired electrode material and reference electrodes are mounted in both cells. A supporting electrolyte solution purged with inert gas is filled into both compartments. The reduced (or oxidized) form of the redox system under study is filled into one compartment at a concentration large enough to avoid diffusion limitation. Into the other compartment small amounts of the oxidized (or reduced) form of the opposite couple are added stepwise. Measurements of the current flowing between both electrodes under short-circuit conditions and of the electrode potential of the electrode in the first compartment enables the determination of titration curves, which can be further evaluated in order to obtain the desired kinetic data [70Her]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled MP.) General remarks Because of the outlined difficulties in a simple transformation of the exchange current density j0 into the standard exchange current density j00 or the rate constant k c0 all values are listed as reported in the original literature. The exchange current density is usually reported in units of A cm–2, the rate constant in units of cm s–1. Sometimes the exchange current density or the standard exchange current density are reported in units of A cm mol–1. All values reported below refer to the units outlined initially referring to Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

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molar concentrations. Apparent rate constants kapp are given in parentheses. Since the conditions for calculating kapp are rather complex and detailed, in many cases the reader is referred to the original reports for exact descriptions. Further data treatment of obtained kinetic data (e.g. conversion of the initially calculated rate constant to the value the constant is assumed to reach at a certain different electrode potential (e.g. [72Lai])) is not listed. In case a specific type of electrode (e.g. dropping mercury electrode) is used, nevertheless the employed method is stated preferably. Data are listed according to the alphabetical order of the electrode material. Polycrystalline materials are listed first followed by single crystal samples and amalgam electrodes for every element. Within a given electrode material data are arranged according to the alphabetically listed reactants. Within a given reactant data are listed with increasing concentration of the supporting electrolyte solution. Electrode reactions proceeding at a mercury electrode may be listed at the electrode material (mercury) or at the reduced form of the element undergoing the studied reaction with giving its state as amalgam. In case a reporting author states explicitly the use of an amalgam electrode the latter assignment is used.

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References 48Ran 48Sev 50Ger 51Dos2 51Dos3 51Dos4 52Dos2 53Del 53Kou 54Hil 54Kam 54Lor 55Ber1 55Ber2 55Ber3 55Ger1 55Ger2 55Jor 55Mat 55Web 56Fro1 56Kou 57Con1 57Ger2 57Old 57Vie 58Bar1 58Bar2 58Bau 58Mat 59Khe 60Bau 60Old 60Oza1 60Oza2 60Smi 60Sta 60Wij1 60Wij2 60Wij3 61Zin 62Del1 62Del2 62Del3 62Jor

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Randles, J.E.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 44 (1948) 327. Sevcik, A.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 13 (1948) 349. Gerischer, H.: Z. Elektrochem. 54 (1950) 366. Doss, K.S.G., Agarwal, H.P.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A 34 (1951) 229. Doss, K.S.G., Agarwal, H.P.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A 34 (1951) 263. Doss, K.S.G., Agarwal, H.P.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A 33 (1951) 66. Doss, K.S., Agarwal, H.P.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A 35 (1952) 45. Delahay, P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75 (1953) 1430. Koutecky, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 18 (1953) 597. Hillson, P.J.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 50 (1954) 385. Kambara, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 27 (1954) 529. Lorenz, W.: Z. Elektrochem. 58 (1954) 912. Berzins, T., Delahay, P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 6448. Berzins, T., Delahay, P.: J. Chem. Phys. 23 (1955) 972. Berzins, T., Delahay, P.: Z. Elektrochem. 59 (1955) 792. Gerischer, H.: Z. Elektrochem. 59 (1955) 604. Gerischer, H., Vielstich, W.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt/Main) 3 (1955) 16. Jordan, J.: Anal. Chem. 27 (1955) 1708. Matsuda, H., Ayabe, Y.: Z. Elektrochem. 59 (1955) 494. Weber, J., Koutecky, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 20 (1955) 980. Fronaeus, S., Östman, C.O.: Acta Chem. Scand. 10 (1956) 769. Koutecky, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 21 (1956) 433. Conway, B.E., Bockris, J.O'M.: J. Chem. Phys. 26 (1957) 532. Gerischer, H., Krause, M.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 10 (1957) 264. Oldham, K.B.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 53 (1957) 80. Vielstich, W., Delahay, P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (1957) 1874. Barker, G.C., Faircloth, R.L., Gardner, A.W.: Nature (London) 181 (1958) 247. Barker, G.C.: Anal. Chim. Acta 18 (1958) 118. Bauer, H.H., Elving, P.: Anal. Chem. 30 (1958) 341. Matsuda, H.: Z. Elektrochem. 62 (1958) 977. Kheifets, V.L., Sheinin, A.B.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 33 (1959) 1945. Bauer, H.H., Smith, D.L., Elving, P.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82 (1960) 2094. Oldham, K.B.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 107 (1960) 766. Ozaki, T., Nakayama, T.: J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. Pure Chem. Sec. (Nippon Kagaku Zasshi) 81 (1960) 90. Ozaki, T., Nakayama, T.: J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. Pure Chem. Sec. (Nippon Kagaku Zasshi) 81 (1960) 98. Smit, W.M., Wijnen, M.D.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 79 (1960) 5. von Stackelberg , M.: Polarographische Arbeitsmethoden, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1960. Wijnen, M.D., Smit, W.M.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 79 (1960) 22. Wijnen, M.D., Smit, W.M.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 79 (1960) 203. Wijnen, M.D., Smit, W.M.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 79 (1960) 289. Zinov'ev, V.A., Sheinin, A.B., Kheifets, V.L.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35 (1961) 98. Delahay, P.: J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 2204. Delahay, P.: Anal. Chem. 34 (1962) 1161. Delahay, P., Aramata, A.: J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 2208. Jordan, J., Javick, R.A.: Electrochim. Acta 6 (1962) 23.

R2 62Lev 62Los1 62Rei1 62Rei2 63Bom 63Fio 63Ric 64Bon 64But1 64Suz 64Tan 65Del2 65Del3 65Hey 65Nic 66Bau 66But3 66Hey 66Hub 66Tep1 66Tep2 67Koo2 67Wei1 67Wei2 67deL 68Boc2 68Old 68Suz 68Tep 69Dau 69Hub 69Suz 69Tan1 70Her 70Hub 70Khe 70Mat 70New 70Suz 71Aga 71Alb 72Hil2 72Hue 72Lai 72Tra 73Pol 73Rod

Levich, V.G.: Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1962, p. 107; 314. Loshkarev, M.A., Tomilov, B.I.: Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (English Transl.) 36 (1962) 66; Zh. Fiz. Khim. 36 (1962) 132. Reinmuth, W.H., Wilson, C.E.: Anal. Chem. 34 (1962) 1159. Reinmuth, W.H.: Anal. Chem. 34 (1962) 1272. Bombi, G.G., Fiorani, M.: Chim. Ind. (Milan) 45 (1963) 793. Fiorani, M., Bombi, G.G., Marchetto, M.T.: Chim. Ind. (Milan) 45 (1963) 796. Riccoboni, L., Bombi, G.G., Fiorani, M.: Chim. Ind. (Milan) 45 (1963) 786. Bonnemay, M., Costa, M.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 258 (1964) 2054. Butler, J.N., Makrides, A.C.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 60 (1964) 1664. Suzuki, J., Ozaki, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 37 (1964) 230. Tanaka, N., Tamamushi, R.: Electrochim. Acta 9 (1964) 963. Delahay, P.: Double Layer and Electrode Kinetics, New York: John Wiley&Sons, 1965, p. 171. Delahay, P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 10 (1965) 1. Heyrovsky, J., Kuta, J.: Grundlagen der Polarographie, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1965. Nicholson, R.S.: Anal. Chem. 37 (1965) 1351. Bauer, H.H., Foo, D.C.S.: Aust. J. Chem. 19 (1966) 1103. Butler, J.N., Meehan,M.L.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 62 (1966) 3524. Heyrovsky, J., Kuta, J.: Principles of Polarography, New York: Academic Press, 1966. Hubbard, A.T., Anson, F.C.: Anal. Chem. 38 (1966) 58. Teppema, P., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 85 (1966) 303. Teppema, P., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 85 (1966) 1161. Kooijman, D.J., Sluyters, J.H.: Electrochim. Acta 12 (1967) 1579. Weir, W.D., Enke, C.G.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 275. Weir, W.D., Enke, C.G.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 280. de Leuwe , R., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: Electrochim. Acta 12 (1967) 1593. Bockris, J.O’M., Mannan, R.J., Damjanovich, A.: J. Chem. Phys. 48 (1968) 1898. Oldham, K.B., Parry, E.P.: Anal. Chem. 40 (1968) 65. Suzuki, J.: Rev. Polarogr. 15 (1968) 21. Teppema, P., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 16 (1968) 165. Daum, P.H., Enke, C.G.: Anal. Chem. 41 (1969) 653. Hubbard, A.T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 22 (1969) 165. Suzuki, J.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 42 (1969) 3487. Tanaka, N., Yamada, A.: Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 491. Herbelin, J.M., Andersen, T.N., Eyring, H.: Electrochim. Acta 15 (1970) 1455. Hubbard, A.T., Anson, F.C.: Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 4, Bard, A.J. (ed.), New York: Marcel Dekker, 1970. Kheifets, V.L., Krasikov, B.S., Rotinyan, A.L.: Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 916. Matsuda, A., Notoya, R.: J. Res. Inst. Catal. Hokkaido Univ. 18 (1970) 59. Newman, J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 117 (1970) 507. Suzuki, J.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 43 (1970) 755. Agarwal, H.P.: Electrochim. Acta 16 (1971) 1395. Albery, W.J., Hitchman, M.L: Ring-Disc Electrodes, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Hill, D.L., Fung, K.W., Lee, H.L.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 38 (1972) 67. Huebert, B.J., Smith, D.E.: Anal. Chem. 44 (1972) 1179. Lai, C.-H., Hubbard, A.T.: Inorg. Chem. 11 (1972) 2081. Trasatti, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 39 (1972) 163. van der Pol, F., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 45 (1973) 377. Rodgers, R.S., Anson, F.C.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 42 (1973) 381.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R3 74Vit2 75Tam 75Wea 76Ple 76Wea 77Tra 78Ber 80Bar1 80Bar2 81Ban 83Her 83Iwa 83Kaw 84Bar1 84Fil 84Guy 84Hei1 84Hei2 87Wru 88Wip 89Bon 90Wig 91Bar1 92Saf 94Gal 96Tor 01Bar 01Liu 01Wea 05Nor

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Vitanov, T., Popov, A., Budevski, E.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 121 (1974) 207. Tamamushi, R.: Kinetic Parameters of Electrode Reactions of Metallic Compounds, London: Butterworth, 1975. Weaver, M.J., Anson, F.C.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 65 (1975) 711. Pleskov, Yu.V., Filinovskii V.Yu.: The Rotating Disc Electrode, New York: Consultants Bureau, 1976. Weaver, M.J., Anson, F.C.: Inorg. Chem. 15 (1976) 1871. Trasatti, S.: Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 10, Gerischer, H., Tobias, C.W. (eds.), New York: John Wiley, 1977, p. 213. Bernstein, C., Heindrichs, A., Vielstich, W.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 87 (1978) 81. Barr, S., Guyer, K., Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 111 (1980) 41. Bard, A.J., Faulkner L.R.: Electrochemical Methods, New York: Wiley, 1980. Bancroft, E.E., Sidwell, J.S., Blount, H.N.: Anal. Chem. 53 (1981) 1390. Herrmann, J.: Ph.D. Dissertation, Bonn University, 1983. Iwasita, T., Schmickler, W., Herrmann, J., Vielstich, W.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 130 (1983) 2026. Kawiak, J., Jedral, T., Galus, Z: J. Electroanal. Chem. 145 (1983) 163. Barz, F., Bernstein, Ch., Vielstich W.: Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 13, Gerischer, H. (ed.), New York: John Wiley, 1984. Filinovski, V.Yu., Pleskov, Yu.V.: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Yeager, E., Bockris, J.O'M., Conway, B.E., Sarangapani, S. (eds.), New York: Plenum Press, 1984, p. 293. Guyer, K.L., Weaver, M.J.: Inorg. Chem. 23 (1984) 1664. Heinemann, W.R., Hawkridge, F.M., Blount, H.N.: Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 13, Bard, A.J. (ed.), New York: Marcel Dekker, 1984, p. 1. Heinze, J.: Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 823. Wruck, W.J., Machaldo, R.M., Chapman, T.W.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 134 (1987) 539. Wipf, D.O., Kristensen, E.W., Deakin, M.R., Wightman, R.M.: Anal. Chem. 60 (1988) 306. Bontempelli, G., Magno, F., Mazzochin, G.A., Seeber, R.: Ann. Chim. (Rome) 79 (1989) 103. Wightman, R.M., Wipf, D.O.: Acc. Chem. Res. 23 (1990) 64. Baranski, A.S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 300 (1991) 309. Safford, L.K., Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 331 (1992) 857. Galus, Z.: Fundamentals of Electrochemical Analysis, 2nd edition, Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1994. Torres, L.M., Gil, A.F., Galicia, L., Gonzalez, I.: J. Chem. Educ. 73 (1996) 808. Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.: Electrochemical Methods, 2nd ed., New York: Wiley, 2001. Liu, X., Liu, K., Cheng, G., Dong, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 510 (2001) 103. Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 498 (2001) 105. Norskov, J.K., Bligaard, T., Logadottir, A., Kitchin, J.R., Chen, J.G., Pandelov, S., Stimming, U.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 (2005) J23.

276

5 Exchange current densities

Table 5.1. Exchange current densities and rate constants in aqueous systems. Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Aluminum (Al) 1 N CH3COOH/H2O 1 N CH3COOH/H2O 1 N CH3COOH/H2O 1 N CH3COOH/H2O 1 N CH3COOH/H2O Antimony (Sb) 7 M HCl/H2O 7 M HCl/H2O 7 M HCl/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O SbHg 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O +0.001 % gelatin Bismuth (Bi) 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O Bi(Hg) 1 M HCl/H2O Bi(Hg) 1 M HCl/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) 1 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) 1 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) 1 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) 2 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 10) 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 7) 7 Bi(Hg) ) 2 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 7) 2 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 7) 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 8) Bi(Hg) 10) 2 M HClO4/H2O Bi(Hg) 9) 2 M HClO4/H2O

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 Sb3+/0, 0.1 M Sb3+ Sb3+/0, 0.25 M Sb3+ Sb3+/0, 0.5 M Sb3+ H+/H2 Sb3+/0

1 12.5 30.5 38.5 55.5 25 25 25 25

10–9.28 10–8.86 10–8.82 10–8.6 10–8.15 1.98·10–7 1.05·10–7 0.74·10–7 10–8.1 8.7·10–5

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP DCP

68Vij 68Vij 68Vij 68Vij 68Vij 69Nor 69Nor 69Nor 69Pun 63Fuz

Bi3+/0, 4.6·10–5 M Bi3+/0, 2·10–2 M Bi3+/2+, 4.6·10–5 M Bi3+/2+, 2·10–2 M Bi2+/0, 4.6·10–5 M Bi2+/0, 2·10–2 M Bi1+/0, 4.6·10–5 M Bi1+/0, 2·10–2 M Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0, +1 mM Cl– Bi3+/0, 2 mM Bi3+/0, 4 mM Bi3+/0, 8 mM Bi3+/0, 17.7 mM Bi3+/0, 38.4 mM Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0, 4.3·10–6 M Bi3+/0, 1 mM Bi3+/0, 1 mM Bi3+/0, 1 mM Bi3+/0, 1 mM Bi3+/0, 0.1 M Bi3+/0, 0.001 M Bi3+/0, 0.0028 M

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 40 20 26 20 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 –8 20 59 78 20 20 20

6.2·10–6 1.0·10–4 3.7·10–6 5.1·10–4 5.3·10–6 9.3·10–5 4.4·10–5 6.1·10–5 7.2·10–4 2.5·10–3 9.4·10–3 >1 1.2..3.6 0.0003 0.00037 0.0028 1.61·10–4 1.98·10–4 2.55·10–4 3.51·10–4 4.55·10–4 3.0·10–4 3.0·10–4 3.5·10–5 2.8·10–6 4.3·10–6 3.2·10–5 1.9·10–4 3.8·10–4 8.5·10–5 2.6·10–5 1.0·10–2

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP CS ACP SS CP CP CP CP CP RT RT CP

69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 69Gor 52Ran1 60Mou 52Ran1 60Mou 60Mou 64Joh 64Joh 64Joh 64Joh 64Joh 6) 64Ham1 61Kam 66Gor 68Gor1 71Gor 71Gor 71Gor 71Gor 67Gor 66Gor 63Gor

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

277

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Bi(Hg) 10) Bi(Hg)

Bi3+/0, 0.0001 M Bi3+/0, 0.001 mM

20 20

7.2·10–5 1.0·10–5

CP CP

68Gor2 67Los

Bi3+/0, 0.001 mM

20

6.6·10–5

RT

66Gor

Bi3+/0

20

1.4·10–3

RT

66Gor

Bi3+/0

25

1.8·10–4

RT

63Fio

Bi3+/0

35

2.5·10–4

RT

63Fio

Bi3+/0

45

3.59·10–4

RT

63Fio

Bi3+/0, 0.001 mM

20

8.4·10–5

RT

66Gor

Bi3+/0, 0.001 mM

20

4.7·10–4

RT

66Gor

Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) 11) Bi(Hg) 11) Bi(Hg) 10) Bi(Hg) 12) Bi(Hg) 13) Bi(Hg) 13) Bi(Hg) 12) Bi(Hg) 13) Bi(Hg) 13) Bi(Hg) 11) Bi(Hg) 11) Bi(Hg) 10) Bi(Hg) 12) Bi(Hg)

12.5 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4 +0.25 mM NaCl/H2O 2 M HClO4 +0.1 mM NaCl/H2O 2 M HClO4 +1 mM NaCl/H2O 2 M HClO4 +1 M NaClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4 +1 M NaClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4 +1 M NaClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4 +10–7 M NaI/H2O 2 M HClO4 +10–8 M NaI/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25

3.5·10–5 2.0·10–5 5.6·10–5 2.0·10–6...5.9·10–6 4.3·10–5 6.9·10–6 3.5·10–5 2.1·10–4 9.6·10–5 8.6·10–5 3.6·10–5 6.0·10–5 6.8·10–7...2.0·10–6 9.6·10–5 1.52

RT CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP RT CP CP CP PS

63Gor 67Gor 68Gor1 68Gor1 67Gor 67Gor 68Gor1 67Gor 67Gor 68Gor1 67Gor 68Gor1 68Gor1 68Gor1 66Ham

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

25

0.9

PS

66Ham

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

25

0.26

PS

66Ham

Bi(Hg) 11) Bi(Hg) 11) Bi(Hg) 10) Bi(Hg) 10) Bi(Hg) 12) Bi(Hg) 12) Bi(Hg) 12)

2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O

Bi3+/0 Bi2+/1+, 0.00078 M Bi2+/1+, 0.00078 M Bi2+/1+, 4.3·10–6 M Bi2+/1+, 0.1 M Bi2+/0, 0.1 M Bi2+/0, 0.1 M Bi3+/2+, 0.1 M Bi3+/2+, 0.1 M Bi3+/2+, 0.1 M Bi3+/2+, 0.00078 M Bi3+/2+, 0.00078 M Bi3+/2+, 4.3·10–6 M Bi3+/2+, 0.1 M Bi3+/2+, 18/50 mM 14) Bi3+/2+, 9/50 mM 14) Bi3+/2+, 1.8/- mM 14) Bi1+/0, 7.8·10–4 M Bi1+/0, 7.8·10–4 M Bi1+/0, 4.3·10–6 M Bi1+/0, 4.3·10–6 M Bi1+/0, 0.1 M Bi1+/0, 0.1 M Bi1+/0, 0.1 M

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

1.4·10–4 1.3·10–4 6.4·10–4 5.6·10–4 1.2·10–6 1.2·10–6 3.2·10–5

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP

68Gor1 67Gor 67Gor 68Gor1 67Gor 68Gor1 67Gor

Bi(Hg)

Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

278

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O

25 25 20

0.1 0.04 8.5·10–5

PS PS RT

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

7.2·10–5

CP,RT 67Gor

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

2.1·10–4

CP

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

3.6·10–5

CP,RT 67Gor

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

9.6·10–5

CP

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

4.3·10–5

CP,RT 67Gor

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

2.0·10–5

CP,RT 67Gor

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

6.9·10–6

CP

67Gor

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

1.2·10–6

CP

67Gor

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

3.2·10–5

CP

67Gor

Bi(Hg)

2 M HClO4/H2O

20

1.3·10–4

CP

67Gor

Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) Bi(Hg) Bi(Pt) Bi(Pt) Bi(Pt) Bi Bi Cadmium (Cd) (Cd)(Hg) Cd(Hg)

1 M HNO3/H2O 0.5 M HNO3/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.72 m CdSO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O

Bi0/2+, -/1 mM 14) Bi0/2+, -/5 mM 14) Bi0/3+, 0.5/100 mM 14) Bi0/3+, 120/7.8 mM 14) Bi3+/2+, 5·10–4/0.1 M 14) Bi3+/2+, 0.12/7.8·10–4 M 14) Bi3+/2+, 5·10–6/0.1 M 14) Bi2+/0, 5·10–4/0.1 M 14) Bi2+/0, 0.12/7.8·10–4 M 14) Bi2+/0, 5·10–6/0.1 M 14) Bi+/0, 5·10–4/0.1 M 14) Bi+/0, 5·10–4/0.1 M 14) Bi+/0, 0.12/7.8·10–4 M 14) Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 H+/H2 H+/H2 Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+/0, 1.5·10–3 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+ Cd2+

26 25 26 20 30 40 RT 22 27 22 0 25 25 25 27 0 25 0 -

0.0037 5.0·10–3 0.0018 7.2·10–4 2.5·10–3 9.4·10–3 10–8.1 10–10.8 1.4·10–3 68 0.91 2.9 >12.0 4 .. 8 >5.0 2.5 1.25 ≈4...8 >12 ≈5 700 700

IP CS IP CP CP CP CP CP IP IP FR FR IP IP GS FR FR IP IP IP IP IP

60Mou 64Ham1 60Mou 69Gri2 69Gri2 69Gri2 61Bic 70Ten 61Bro 70Sal1 71Aga 58Bar1 63Slu 63Slu 67Koo1 69deL15) 71Aga 63Slu 63Slu 61Ran 70Sal1 70Sal2

Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ] 66Ham 66Ham 67Gor

67Gor

67Gor

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

279

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg)

1 M KCl/H2O, pH=2 1 M KCl/H2O, pH=4 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KI/H2O 1 M KI/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O, pH=2 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 0.4 M K2SO4/H2O 0.5 M K2SO4/H2O 1 M K2SO4/H2O 1 M K2SO4/H2O 1 M NaBr/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=4 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=2.9 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=3.2 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=3.8 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=5.4...6.9 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=3 1 M NaClO4/H2O, c(Cd(Hg))=1.3... 5.7·10–3 M 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O, pH=4 1 M Na2SO4/H2O

Cd2+ Cd2+/0 Cd2+, 1.5 mM Cd2+, 3 mM Cd2+/0, 1.5·10–3 Cd2+/0, 3·10–3 Cd2+ Cd2+

27 25 27 27 27 27 20 22

1.25 >5 2.0 6.1 6.5...13.8 8.5...13.6 ~0.6 6.3

FR GM FR FR FR FR IP FR

71Aga 67Koo1 71Aga 71Aga 71Aga 71Aga 52Ran1 58Bar1

Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+/0, 1.5·10–3 Cd2+/0, 3·10–3 Cd2+, 0.01 M Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+

25 25 28 28 20 0 0 0 22 0 25 36 25

~1.0 0.6 1.5 3.1 5·10–4 5.5 0.2 0.2 30...100 2.3 40 0.5 1.2 0.46

ACP ACP FR IP PS IP IP IP IP FR IP GS FR GS

60Bau 61Kam 71Aga 71Aga 54Lor 61Mül 57Del 58Del 70Sal2 58Bar1 61Mül 67Koo1 71Aga 67Koo2

Cd2+

23

0.4

IP

68Ham2

Cd2+

23

0.38

IP

68Ham2

Cd2+

23

0.48

IP

68Ham2

Cd2+

23

0.38

IP

68Ham2

Cd2+

25

0.46

FR

69deL16)

Cd2+, 3.6·10–5 M

23

0.16

IP

70Ham

Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+ Cd2+

20 20 20 20 27 25 25

4.2·10–2 4.2·10–2 4.5·10–2 2.6·10–2 4.31 0.55 6.3·10–2

IP IP GS PS GM GS GS

53Ger117) 57Vie 57Vie 57Vie 55Ber1 67Koo1 67Koo1

Cd2+, 5 mM

25

0.065

GS

69van

Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg)

Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Cd(Hg) Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

280 Electrode 1)

5 Exchange current densities Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Cd2+, 5 mM H+/H2 H+/H2 Co(CN) 63–/4–

25 -

0.058 10–10.77 10–11.6 0.09·10–3

CS CP CP IP

69van 64Boc3 70Rot1 93Gao 18)

1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M LiCl/H2O

Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Co(CN) 63–/4–

RT RT RT 25 25 RT RT RT RT -

5.3·10–5 10–6 4.8·10–6 1.48·10–5 3.8·10–4 3.2·10–4 3.8·10–4 5.3·10–8 1.7·10–5 5.3·10–8 6.5·10–7 0.13·10–3

CV IP CP, IP CP, IP CP CF RDE IP IP IP IP IP

84Gro 99Evs 20) 02Fer1 21) 02Fer2 22) 63Ada 84Gro 63Gal 46) 98Evs2 23) 98Evs2 24) 98Ple 23) 98Ple 25) 93Gao 18)

1 M MgCl2/H2O

Co(CN) 63–/4–

-

0.1·10–3

IP

93Gao 18)

0.01 M NaCl/H2O

Co(CN) 63–/4–

-

0.64·10–3

IP

93Gao 18)

0.1 M NaCl/H2O

Co(CN) 63–/4–

-

2.1·10–3

IP

93Gao 18)

1 M NaCl/H2O

Co(CN) 63–/4–

-

5.2·10–3

IP

93Gao 18)

1 M KCl/H2O 0.5 M KCl +0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M HCl +0.09 M HClO4 +3.9 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.8 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl+3.9 M LiCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +0.5 M NaCl +3.4 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaCl/H2O

Cr3+/2+ Cu2+/+

-

1.27·10–4 1.6...9.5·10–4

CV CF

84Gro 84Gro

Eu2+/3+ Fe3+/2+

25

8.4·10–4 1.37·10–5

CV CP

95Che 26) 63Gal 27)

Fe3+/2+ Fe3+/2+

25 25

7.4...10 10–5 2.29·10–5

CP CP

63Gal 63Gal

Fe3+/2+

25

2.19·10–5

CP

63Gal

Fe3+/2+

25

1.41·10–5

CP

63Gal

Fe3+/2+

-

9.4·10–4

CP

63Ada 28)

Fe3+/2+

-

2.1·10–4

CP

63Ada 29)

Fe3+/2+

-

3.1·10–4

CP

63Ada 30)

1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 19 Carbon (C) ) 1 M CaCl2/H2O Cd(Hg) Cd

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

281

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl +0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HCl +3.9 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe3+/2+

-

5.4·10–4

CP

63Ada 31)

Fe3+/2+

-

5.8·10–4

CP

63Ada 32)

Fe3+/2+

-

6.0·10–4

CP

63Ada 33)

Fe3+/2+

-

7.3·10–4

CP

63Ada 34)

Fe3+/2+

-

8.2·10–4

CP

63Ada 35)

Fe3+/2+

25

8.5·10–5

CP

63Gal

Fe3+/2+

25

1.41·10–5

CP

63Gal

Fe3+/2+ Fe3+/2+ Fe3+/2+ Fe2+/3+ Fe2+/3+ Fe2+/3+ Fe2+/3+ Fe2+/3+ Fe2+/3+ Fe2+/3+ Fe3+/2+ Fe3+/2+ Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

21 23 23 RT RT 25

1.2·10–4 (4.5·10–5) (1.0·10–5) 2.5·10–3 2.1·10–6 1.6·10–5 1.1·10–3 7.4·10–8 3.8·10–4 9.1·10–5 (1.0·10–6) (0.6·10–5) 5.4·10–5

DCP CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CP, IP CP, IP CP

70Sha1 00Gra 36) 00Gra 37) 95Che 26) 95Che 38) 95Che 39) 95Che 40) 95Che 41) 95Che 42) 95Che 43) 02Fer1 44) 02Fer2 45) 63Ada

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

5.4·10–5

CP

63Gal

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

4.5·10

–5

OC

63Gal

0.1 M NaClO4 +0.1 M HCl/H2O 3.9 M NaClO4 +0.01 M HCl +0.09 M HClO4/H2O 0.09 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

8.5·10

–5

RDE

63Gal 46)

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

1.37·10–4

RDE

63Gal 46)

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

-

1.8·10–3

CV

84Gro

0.9 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

-

1.34·10

CV

84Gro

0.1 M HClO4 Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 + +0.09 M HCl /H2O 3.9 M HClO4 Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 + +0.1 M HCl/H2O

-

5.7·10–3

CV

84Gro

1.41·10–4

RDE

63Gal 46)

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

25

–3

282

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

C

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

5.4·10–5

RDE

63Gal 46)

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

-

9.0·10–4

RDE

84Gro

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

-

1.2·10

–3

CV

84Gro

0.45 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

-

8.6·10–4

CV

84Gro

3.4 M NaClO4 +0.5 M NaCl +0.1 M HCl/H2O 3.9 M NaClO4 +0.09 M HCl/H2O 3.8 M KCl +0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.5 M potassium oxalate/H2O 3.9 M LiCl +0.1 M HCl/H2O -/H2O

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

1.41·10

RDE

63Gal 46)

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

1.2·10–3

RDE

63Gal 46)

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

2.29·10–4

RDE

63Gal 46)

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

1.4·10–3

CV

84Gro

Fe(H2O) 62 + /3 +

25

2.19·10–4

RDE

63Gal 46)

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

20

0.58

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

–4

RDE

61Reg

25

1.48·10

–3

RDE

63Gal 46)

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

2.65·10–3

RDE

63Gal 46)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

7.08·10–3

RDE

63Gal 46)

1 M LiCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

1.06·10–3

RDE

63Gal 46)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

-

5.3·10–2

ACP

84Gro

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

-

7.0·10–2

CV

84Gro

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.1

CV

95Che 26)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.037

CV

95Che 38)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.026

CV

95Che 39)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.084

CV

95Che 40)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.047

CV

95Che 41)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.078

CV

95Che 42)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.076

CV

95Che 43)

0.1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

23

9.0·10–4

CV

95Ale 47)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

23

(0.017)

CV

00Gra 36)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

23

(0.019)

CV

00Gra 37)

0.5 M K2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.025

CV

84Gro

0.5 M K2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

22

0.015

CV

84Gro 48)

0.1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

0.3 M KCl/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

283

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

phosphate buffer/ H2O, pH=7.5 0.1 M THAP 49) /H2O+ethanol 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

-

0.02

TPF

84Gro

ferrocene/ ferrocinium H+/H2 Hg2+/+

-

1.3·10–2

CV

84Gro

-

1·10–10 10–7 (2.1·10–19)

CP CF CV

96Mar 44) 84Gro 84Gro

1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl36 – /4 –

25

0.5

CV

95Che 26)

1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl36 – /4 –

25

0.11

CV

95Che 38)

1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl36 – /4 –

25

0.21

CV

95Che 39)

1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl36 – /4 –

25

0.25

CV

95Che 41)

1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl36 – /4 –

25

0.22

CV

95Che 42)

1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl36 – /4 –

25

0.2

CV

95Che 43)

0.1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl62 – /3 –

23

0.004

CV

95Ale 47)

1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl62 – /3 –

23

(0.01)

CV

00Gra 36)

1 M KCl/H2O

IrCl62 – /3 –

23

(0.308)

CV

00Gra 37)

1 M KOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 –

20

2.1·10–2

CP,GS 67Thi1

–3

IO3– / I –

T 4)

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

RDE

62Gal 46)

6.92·10–3

RDE

63Gal 46)

1.4·10–2

RDE

62Gal 46)

25

1.45·10–2

RDE

63Gal 46)

-

4.45·10–3

CP

70Sha1

1.33 M NaOH +1.95 M NaNO3/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M DMSO 51) /TBAP 52) 1 M KCl/H2O

NO 3– /NO

25

3.6·10

–12

CV

96Boc 50)

H2O/O2 O 2 /O 2–

25

5·10–11 9.3·10–2

CP CV

96Mar 44) 03Ort

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

25

0.24

CV

95Che 26)

1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

25

0.039

CV

95Che 38)

1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

25

0.13

CV

95Che 39)

1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

25

0.15

CV

95Che 40)

1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

25

0.15

CV

95Che 41)

1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

25

0.093

CV

95Che 42)

1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

25

0.13

CV

95Che 43)

0.9 M LiOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 –

-

0.9 M LiOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 –

25

0.9 M NaOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 –

-

0.9 M NaOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 –

0.9 M LiOH/H2O

MnO4–/2– , 0.1 mM

6.3·10

284

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

C

0.1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

23

0.003

CV

95Ale 47)

1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

23

(0.012)

CV

00Gra 36)

1 M KCl/H2O

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ /2 +

23

(0.017)

CV

00Gra 37)

0.5 M TBAPF6 /acetonitrile 52) 0.5 M TBAPF6 /acetonitrile 52) 0.5 M TBAPF6 /acetonitrile 52) 0.5 M TBAPF6 /acetonitrile 52) 0.5 M TBAPF6 /acetonitrile 52) 0.5 M TBAPF6 /acetonitrile 52) 9.5 M HCl/H2O 6 M HCl/H2O

(Ru(Cl2dpy)2 (NO2)(NO))+/2+ (Ru(dpy)2(NO2) (NO))+/2+ (Ru((C6H5)2)dpy)2 (NO2)(NO))+/2+ (Ru((C4H9)2)dpy)2 (NO2)(NO))+/2+ (Ru((CH3)2)dpy)2 (NO2)(NO))+/2+ (Ru((OCH3)2)dpy)2 (NO2)(NO))+/2+ Sb5+/3+

-

0.06

CV

84Gro

-

0.19

CF

84Gro

-

0.09

CF

84Gro

-

0.07

CF

84Gro

-

0.15

CF

84Gro

-

0.12

CF

84Gro

SbCl 6– (r )

-

4.0·10–4 2.0·10–3

CF CF

84Gro 84Gro

6 M HCl/H2O

SbCl 6– (r )

-

2.0·10–3

CV

84Gro

12 M HCl/H2O

SbCl 6– (r )

-

2.0·10–3

CF

84Gro

-

1.0·10

–3

CF

84Gro

–4

CF

84Gro

12 M HCl/H2O 4 M HCl+1 M Hbr +9.5 M LiBr/H2O 4 M HCl+1 M Hbr +9.5 M LiBr/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O

SbCl 6– (r )

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Sn 4+ /2+ (ox )

-

2.0·10

Sn 4+ /2+ ( r )

-

5.6·10–4

CF

84Gro

21 21 25

8.7·10–6 5.75·10–6 6.8·10–4

DCP DCP CV

70Sha1 70Sha1 95Che 26)

Tl 3+/1+ Tl

3+/1+

2+/3+ Vaq

0.2 M HClO4/H2O

2+/3+ Vaq

25

2.0·10–5

CV

95Che 38)

0.2 M HClO4/H2O

2+/3+ Vaq

25

1.0·10–6

CV

95Che 39)

0.2 M HClO4/H2O

2+/3+ Vaq

25

7.8·10–5

CV

95Che 40)

0.2 M HClO4/H2O

2+/3+ Vaq

25

2.1·10–3

CV

95Che 41)

0.2 M HClO4/H2O

2+/3+ Vaq

25

2.9·10–6

CV

95Che 42)

0.2 M HClO4/H2O

2+/3+ Vaq

25

1.5·10–6

CV

95Che 43)

1 M H2SO4/H2O 2 M H2SO4/H2O 3 M H2SO4/H2O 4 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O

V 5+/4+

-

(1.5·10–3) (1.9·10–3) (5.3·10–3) (6.1·10–3) (0.91·10–3)

CV CV CV CV CV

91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 91Kan

V 5+/4+

V 5+/4+ V 5+/4+ V 4+/5+

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

2 M H2SO4/H2O 3 M H2SO4/H2O 4 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 2 M H2SO4/H2O 3 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 2 M H2SO4/H2O 3 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M TEAP /acetonitrile

V 4+/5+

0.05 M LiClO4 /ethanol 0.05 M acetate buffer /H2O, pH=4.6 0.05 M acetate buffer /H2O, pH=4.6 0.05 M carbonate buffer/H2O, pH=10 0.05 M carbonate buffer/H2O, pH=10 0.05 M acetate buffer/ H2O, pH=4.6 0.05 M acetate buffer/ H2O, pH=4.6 0.05 M carbonate buffer/H2O, pH=10 0.05 M carbonate buffer/H2O, pH=10 0.1 M KCl/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O Britton&Robinson buffer/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

V V

4+/5+ 4+/5+

V 2+/3+

V 2+/3+ V 2+/3+ V 3+/2+ V 3+/2+ V 3+/2+

1,1’dimethyl2,2’dibenzylhydrazine (ox, r) vitamin D0/+ 2 cyanocobalamin0/– cyanocobalamin–/2– cyanocobalamin0/– cyanocobalamin–/2– aquocobalamin0/– aquocobalamin–/2– hydroxycobalamin0/– hydroxycobalamin–/2– dopamine dopamine dopamine methylviologen2+/+ chlorpromazine0/+ 4-methylcatechol 4-methylcatechol hydroquinone quinone /hydro-quinone p-phenylenediamine

285

T 4)

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ] -

(2.1·10–3)

1.8·10–3

CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV

91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 91Kan 84Gro

20

4.3·10–4

CD

01Liu

-

6.0·10–4

ACP

84Gro

-

6.0·10–3

ACP

84Gro

-

<·10–4

ACP

84Gro

-

4.0·10–3

ACP

84Gro

-

5.0·10–3

ACP

84Gro

-

1.0·10–2

ACP

84Gro

-

<·10–3

ACP

84Gro

-

6.0·10–3

ACP

84Gro

<10–6 (7.3·10–5) (3.2·10–4) (0.247) (0.023) <10–6 (5.3·10–4) <10–6 0.8·10–3

CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV IP

95Ale 47) 00Gra 36) 00Gra 37) 00Gra 37) 00Gra 37) 95Ale 47) 00Gra 37) 95Ale 47) 98Evs153)

1.9·10–3

CV

84Bal

23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 RT -

–3

(6.1·10 ) (7.7·10–3) (3.2·10–3) (4.7·10–3) (7.7·10–3) (4.8·10–3) (5.6·10–3) (9.7·10–3)

286 Electrode 1)

Cesium (Cs) Cs(Hg)

5 Exchange current densities Solution 2)

0.1 M NEt4PF6 /DMF 54) Chromium(Cr) 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N CoCl2/H2O Cobalt (Co) 0.5 N CoCl2/H2O 1 N CoCl2/H2O 2 N CoCl2/H2O CoSO4/H2O 2 N CoSO4/H2O 2 N CoSO4+0.002 N CoCl2/H2O 2 N CoSO4+0.02 N CoCl2/H2O 2 N CoSO4 +0.2 N CoCl2/H2O 2 N CoSO4 +0.02 N KI/H2O 0.7 M LiCl+0.8 M Copper (Cu) AlCl3/propylenecarbonate 0.001 M Cu(NO3)2/H2O 0.001 M Cu(NO3)2/H2O 0.01 M Cu(NO3)2/H2O 0.01 M Cu(NO3)2/H2O 0.1 M Cu(NO3)2/H2O 0.1 M Cu(NO3)2/H2O 1 M Cu(NO3)2/H2O 1 M Cu(NO3)2/H2O 0.15 N CuSO4 +1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.15 N CuSO4 +1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.8 M CuSO4+1.02 M H2SO4/H2O

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Cs1+

25

1.1

IP/PP

80Bar3

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0

25 38 45 25 38 45 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

0.35·10–6 5.0·10–6 22.0·10–6 5.3·10–9 1.0·10–8 1.7·10–8 2.8·10–7 4.2·10–7 6.8·10–7 8.4·10–7 3·10–5 1.3·10–5 5.2·10–6

CP CP CP CP CP CP CS CS CS CS OCS CS CS

69Wil 55) 69Wil 55) 69Wil 55) 69Wil 56) 69Wil 56) 69Wil 56) 61She 61She 61She 61She 61Zin 61She 61She

Co2+/0

25

1.1·10–6

CS

61She

Co2+/0

25

4.8·10–7

CS

61She

Co2+/0

25

1.0·10–7

CS

61She

Cu2+/0 57)

25

4.5·10–5

CP

70Eis

Cu2+/0

20

1.0·10–9

CP

43Phi

Cu2+/0

20

1.0·10–9

CP

52Con

Cu2+/0

20

1.0·10–11

CP

43Phi

Cu2+/0

20

1.0·10–11

CP

52Con

Cu2+/0 Cu2+/0 Cu2+/0 Cu2+/0 Cu2+/0

20 20 20 20 30

1.0·10–11 1.0·10–11 1.0·10–10 1.0·10–10 0.136 58)

CP CP CP CP GM

43Phi 52Con 43Phi 52Con 59Mat1

Cu0/2+

30

0.052 58)

GM

59Mat1

Cu0/2+

30

7.08·10–3

CH

68Che

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

287

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

0.05 M CuSO4 +1 M KCl +2 M NH3/H2O 0.05 M CuSO4 +1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.001 M CuSO4 +1 M KNO3/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4 +1 M KNO3/H2O 0.05 M CuSO4 +1 M KNO3/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.0025 % cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.0125 % cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.05 % cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.0025 % sodium dodecyl sulphate/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.0125 % sodium dodecyl sulphate/H2O

Cu2+/0

-

0.06

IP

59Lor

Cu2+/0

-

0.03

IP

59Lor

Cu0/2+, 0.001 M

-

2.3

FR

54Hil

Cu0/2+, 0.025 M

-

3.2

FR

54Hil

Cu0/2+, 0.05 M

-

3.9

FR

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

3.9

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

5.2

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

7.6

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

3.5

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

10.0

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

23.0

IP

54Hil

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

288

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Cu

0.01 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.0025 % gelatin/H2O 0.01 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.0125 % gelatin/H2O 0.01 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.05 % gelatin/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.0125 % gelatin/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4+ 0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3+0.025 % gelatin/H2O 0.025 M CuSO4+0.05 M H2SO4+1 M KNO3+0.05 % gelatin/H2O 0.05 M CuSO4+0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.0125 % gelatin/H2O 0.05 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.025 % gelatin/H2O 0.05 M CuSO4 +0.05 M H2SO4 +1 M KNO3 +0.05 % gelatin/H2O 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O

Cu2+/0

-

2.1

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

2.0

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

2.0

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

3.8

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

3.7

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

4.6

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

3.8

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

3.2

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

-

3.2

IP

54Hil

Cu2+/0

0

2.3·10–3

GM

0.05 M H2SO4/H2O

Cu2+/0

15

1.2·10–2

GM

61Hur1, 61Hur2 61Hur1, 61Hur2

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

60

Cu(Hg) ) Cu(Hg) 61) Cu(Hg) 62) Cu(Hg) 62)

Cu(Hg)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

289

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

0.05 M H2SO4/H2O

Cu2+/0

20

2.4·10–2

GM

0.05 M H2SO4/H2O

Cu2+/0

25

8.1·10–2

GM

0.05 M H2SO4/H2O

Cu2+/0

35

5.4·10–2

GM

0.05 M H2SO4/H2O

Cu2+/0

45

1.4·10–1

GM

0.7 M LiCl +0.8 M AlCl3 /propylenecarbonate 0.08 M CN–/H2O, (I=2 M) 0.10 M CN–/H2O, (I=2 M) 0.12 M CN–/H2O, (I=2 M) 0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 1 M KOH/H2O

Cu2+/0 59)

25

4.5·10–5

CP

61Hur1, 61Hur2 61Hur1, 61Hur2 61Hur1, 61Hur2 61Hur1, 61Hur2 70Eis

Cu1+/0, 0.01 M

31

6.5·10–3

CP

62Bon

Cu1+/0, 0.01 M

31

5.5·10–3

CP

62Bon

Cu1+/0, 0.01 M

31

2.9·10–3

CP

62Bon

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 MnO 4–/2 –

20

10–7.56 10–7.25 10–6.84 2.6·10–2

CP CP CP CP,GS

57Pen 57Pen 57Pen 67Thi1

Cu2+/0

20

2.5·10–6

CP

66Los

Cu2+/0

20

1.5·10–6

CP

66Los

Cu2+/1+

20

5.7·10–4

CP

66Los

Cu1+/0

20

4·10–4

CP

66Los

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ Cu2+/0

21 21 RT 21 21 21 21 20 20

10–7.2 10–7.25 2.3·10–8 1.6·10–7 10–7.25 10–6.97 10–7.0 10–6.75 10–6.09 113 0.045

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP TPF IP

68Gos 68Gos 65Iof 63Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 57Pen 85Iwa 52Ran1

5.0 M HClO4 +10–5 M Cu(ClO4)2/H2O 5.0 M HClO4 +2·10–3 M Cu(ClO4)2/H2O 5.0 M HClO4 +10–5...0.1 M Cu(ClO4)2/H2O 5.0 M HClO4 +10–5...0.1 M Cu(ClO4)2/H2O 0.01 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1.5 M H2SO4/H2O 3 M H2SO4/H2O 5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N NaOH/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1.0 M KNO3/H2O

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

290

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Cu(Hg)

1.0 M en 63) HCl-en/H2O 1.0 M NH4OH+NH3/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.15 N NaOH/H2O 0.02 N NaOH/H2O 0.005 N NaOH/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4 +0.5 M CuSO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.54 M KCN +0.0052 M KAu(CN)2/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O

Cuen 22 +

20

0.037

IP

52Ran1

Cu(NH 3 ) 22 +

20

0.011

IP

52Ran1

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 Cu2+/0

10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 16 16 16 -

4.26·10–7 5.49·10–7 1.58·10–6 2.13·10–6 1.44·10–6 1.94·10–6 2.95·10–6 1.23·10–5 4.36·10–6 7.76·10–6 1.65·10–5 2.34·10–5 1.02·10–6 5.12·10–7 3.98·10–7 4·10–4

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP IP

59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 59Boc 64) 69Tka

H+/H2, 0.1 M H+/H2, 0.1 M H+/H2, 0.1 M H+/H2, 0.1 M H+/H2, 0.1 M H+/H2, 0.1 M H+/H2, 0.1 M H+/H2, 0.1 M H+/H2, 0.1 M Au+/0

32 58 37.5 55.5 31.9 43.6 33.3 25 60

1.2·10–10 2.08·10–10 1.15·10–11 5.75·10–12 3.38·10–11 8.7·10–11 1.69·10–13 2.39·10–12 10–10.1 0.82·10–3

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP

66But3 66But3 66But3 66But3 66But3 66But3 66But3 66But3 65Rai 71Che

-

(4.0·10–4)

CP

70Bon

CP

70Bon

CP

02Fer1 65)

Cu(Hg)

Cu(111)

Gallium (Ga)

+19.2mol%In +0.122mol%Hg +0.36mol%Hg +1.64mol%Hg +99.65mol%Hg Gold (Au)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Ce 3 + /4 + Ce 3 + /4 +

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

-

–4

(3.0·10 ) –5

1 M HClO4/H2O

Ce 4 + /3 +

RT

3.6·10

1 M HClO4/H2O

Ce 4 + /3 + [Co(cp)2] (o)

RT

5.8·10–5

IP

02Fer1 65)

-

2.63

ACP

93Win

[Co(cp)2] (o)

-

1.75

ACP

93Win

[Co(cp)2] (o)

-

0.94

ACP

93Win

0.025 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.05 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

0.25 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

[Co(cp)2] (o)

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

291

T 4)

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ] -

0.71

ACP

93Win

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)5] F2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5]OH23+/2+ [Co(NH3)5]Cl2+/1+

25 25 23 23 25 24

(1.0·10–2) (2.0·10–3) (4.2·10–4) (30·10–4) (1.0·10–3) (0.1)

RDE RDE CV CV RDE PP

80Bar1 80Bar1 86Ham 86Ham 80Bar1 84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5]Cl2+/1+

24

(1.0·10–7)

PP

84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5]Br2+/1+

24

(0.15)

PP

84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5]Br2+/1+

24

(1.0·10–7)

PP

84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5]NCS2+/1+

24

(5.0·10–2)

PP

84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5]NCS2+/1+

24

(2.5·10–2)

PP

84Bar2

cis([Co(NH3)4]Cl2)2+/1+

24

(4.0·10–3)

PP

84Bar2

cis([Co(NH3)4]Cl2)2+/1+

24

(1.0·10–5)

PP

84Bar2

cis([Co(en)2]Cl2)2+/1+

24

(5.0·10–3)

PP

84Bar2 63)

cis([Co(en)2]Cl2)2+/1+

24

(7.0·10–6)

PP

84Bar2 63)

cis-([Co(en)2] (NCS)2)2+/1+

24

(6.5·10–4)

PP

84Bar2 63)

cis-([Co(en)2] (NCS)2)2+/1+

24

(1.0·10–4)

PP

84Bar2 63)

([Co(NH3)5] HCOO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] CH3COO)2+/1+

24

(6.5·10–5)

PP

85Li

24

(3.1·10–5)

PP

85Li

292

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Au

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

([Co(NH3)5] CCl3COO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] CF3COO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] (CH3)3COO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] CH3C(O)COO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] HC(O)COO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] CH2OHCOO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5]CH3C (OH)HCOO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] CH2FCOO)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] cyclopentane carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] cyclopentane acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] cyclohexane carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] cyclohexane acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] 3-cyclohexane propionate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] benzoate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] phenylacetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5]3-phenyl propionate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5]2-phenyl acrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5]furan-3carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5]furan-2carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5]furan-2acrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5]pyridine2-carboxylate)2+/1+

24

(6.8·103)

PP

85Li

24

(3.2·10–4)

PP

85Li

24

(3.0·10–5)

PP

85Li

24

(1.2·10–4)

PP

85Li

24

(1.0·10–4)

PP

85Li

24

(4.8·10–5)

PP

85Li

24

(6.0·10–5)

PP

85Li

24

(1.8·10–4)

PP

85Li

24

(4.5·10–4)

PP

85Li

24

(5.0·10–4)

PP

85Li

24

(4.6·10–4)

PP

85Li

24

(1.6·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(3.1·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.2·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(6.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(9.7·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(2.0·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(1.1·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.6·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

([Co(NH3)5]pyridine3-carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] pyridine-2acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] 3-pyridyl acrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2propionate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2butyrate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-3carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2propionate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2butyrate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-3carboxylate)2+/1+

24

(1.3·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(8.9·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(7.2·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(2.3·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(7.3·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(7.0·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(3.0·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(2.8·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(7.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(3.2·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(7.0·10–5)

PP

84Li

24

(1.2·10–5)

PP

84Li

24

(1.8·10–5)

PP

84Li

24

(1.3·10–5)

PP

84Li

24

(2.0·10–5)

PP

84Li

24

(7.5·10–5)

PP

84Li

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

293

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

294

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

Au

0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-3acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] benzothiophene-3carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] benzothiophene-3malonate)2+/1+

24

(3.0·10–5)

PP

84Li

24

(2.0·10–5)

PP

84Li

24

(4.0·10–5)

PP

84Li

2 + /3 + Craq

25

(7.0·10–4)

RDE

80Bar1

0.5 M NaClO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq

25

(1.5·10–3)

RDE

80Bar1

0.1 M H2SO4+0.1 M NaCl/H2O 66) 0.1 M H2SO4+0.2 M NaCl/H2O 66) 0.1 M H2SO4+0.5 M NaCl/H2O 66) 0.1 M H2SO4 +1 M NaCl/H2O 66) 0.1 M H2SO4 +2 M NaCl/H2O 66) 0.2 M HCl/H2O 67)

2 + /3 + Craq

-

1.5·10–3

CV

89Rod

2 + /3 + Craq

-

2.7·10–3

CV

89Rod

2 + /3 + Craq

-

3.3·10–3

CV

89Rod

2 + /3 + Craq

-

5.8·10–3

CV

89Rod

2 + /3 + Craq

-

7.3·10–3

CV

89Rod

2 + /3 + Craq

-

7.3·10–3

CV

89Rod

0.2 M HCl/H2O 68)

2 + /3 + Craq

-

4.8·10–3

CV

89Rod

0.2 M HCl/H2O 69)

2 + /3 + Craq

-

9.4·10–3

CV

89Rod

0.2 M HCl/H2O 70)

2 + /3 + Craq

-

6.0·10–3

CV

89Rod

0.4 M K2SO4 +0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 0.4 M K2SO4 +0.01 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

19.0

TPF

88Boc

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

18.0

CV

88Boc

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 10 mM

25

2.5·10–4

SS

68Boc2 71)

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.1 M

25

7.2·10–4

SS

68Boc2 72)

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.004 M

-

6.0·10–6

RDE

96Tor

1 N H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

10·10–3

RDE

72Ang

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

22

7.8·10–3

CV

89Chu

Method Ref. j0 , j00 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.5 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

(5·10–5)

RDE

78Web

0.5 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

RT

2.2·10–5

PS

87Hun 73)

0.5 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

8.0·10–5

CP

91Cur

1 N H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

5.0

RDE

83Vie

1 M KF/H2O

Fe(CN)36– /4 –

20

37.0

TPF

83Iwa

0.5 M K2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36– /4 –

20

26.0

TPF

83Iwa

1 M NaNO3/H2O

Fe(CN)36– /4 –

RDE

96Tor

0.3 M TEAH/acetone 0.3 M TEAH/acetone 0.3 M TEAH/acetone 0.3 M TEAH/acetone 0.3 M TEAH/acetone 0.3 M TEAH/acetone 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 1 M KOH/H2O 0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O

T 4)

–4

-

2.01·10

25

5.0·10–3

IP

52Ran2

+/0

FeC FeC+/0 FeC+/0 FeC+/0 FeC+/0 FeC+/0 FeC+/0

–75 –55 –35 –15 5 25 –75

0.083 0.38 0.92 1.4 2.5 5.5 0.07

CV CV CV CV CV CV CV

92Saf 92Saf 92Saf 92Saf 92Saf 92Saf 92Saf

FeC+/0

–55

0.15

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

–35

0.43

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

–15

0.68

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

5

2.1

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

25

3.0

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

–75

0.02

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

–55

0.04

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

–35

0.17

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

–15

0.36

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

5

0.48

CV

92Saf

FeC+/0

25

0.95

CV

92Saf

MnO 4–/2 –

20

0.8·10–2

CP, GS 67Thi1

0.004 M 0.5 M K-oxalate/H2O Fe(ox)34– /3–

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

295

+

H /H2 H+/H2

,

-

–7.32

10 10–6.63

CP CP

57Pen 57Pen

296

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Au

0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 2 M H2SO4/H2O 3 M H2SO4/H2O 5 M H2SO4/H2O 8 M H2SO4/H2O 12 M H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N NaOH/H2O 0.01 N NaOH/H2O 0.1 N NaOH/H2O 0.6 M TEAP 74)/AN 0.2 M NaClO4/H2O

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 ferrocene 2 + /3 + Vaq

21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 25

10–5.64 10–6.3 1.4·10–7 10–5.83 10–5.75 10–5.9 10–5.86 10–5.81 10–5.78 10–5.71 10–5.61 10–5.48 10–5.64 10–7.05 10–7.04 3.1 (>0.1)

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CV CV

57Pen 59Ive 98Per 68Gos 68Gos 67Man 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 57Pen 57Pen 57Pen 88Wip 80Bar1

0.2 M NaClO4 +1 mM Cr2+/H2O 0.2 M KPF6/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

(5.5·10–5)

CV

80Bar1

2 + /3 + Ru aq

25

(>5.0·10–2)

CV

80Bar1

0.2 M KPF6 +1 mM Cr2+/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile

2 + /3 + Ru aq

25

(5·10–5)

CV

80Bar1

[Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ benzoquinone (r)

20 25

98 0.0053

TPF CV

85Iwa 73Cap

o-nitrotoluene0/–

–55

0.014

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

–35

0.071

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

–15

0.16

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

5

0.36

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

25

0.75

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

–55

0.014

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

–35

0.042

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

–15

0.12

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

5

0.28

CV

92Saf

o-nitrotoluene0/–

25

0.58

CV

92Saf

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

297

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/propionitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.3 M TEAH/butyronitrile 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O

nitromesitylene0/–

–35

0.029

CV

92Saf

nitromesitylene0/–

–15

0.075

CV

92Saf

nitromesitylene0/–

5

0.19

CV

92Saf

nitromesitylene0/–

25

0.36

CV

92Saf

nitromesitylene0/–

–35

0.025

CV

92Saf

nitromesitylene0/–

–15

0.082

CV

92Saf

nitromesitylene0/–

5

0.16

CV

92Saf

nitromesitylene0/–

25

0.31

CV

92Saf

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ 23 [Co(NH3)5]F2+/1+ 23 2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5OSO3] 23 Fe(H O) 3 + (r)

(1.8·10–4) (5·10–4) (2.5·10–4) (1.0)

CV CV CV CV

86Ham 86Ham 86Ham 97Faw

0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O

H+/H2 3+/2+ [Co(NH3)6] 23 [Co(NH3)5]F2+/1+ 23 [Co(NH3)5OSO3]2+/1+ 23 Fe(H 2 O)36+ (r)

0.5·10–7 (1.5·10–4) (1.5·10–4) (50·10–4) (1.0)

CP CV CV CV CV

98Per 86Ham 86Ham 86Ham 97Faw

0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O

H+/H2 [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ 23 [Co(NH3)5]F2+/1+ 23 2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5OSO3] 23 Fe(H 2 O)36+ (r)

0.3·10–7 (3·10–4) (10·10–4) (40·10–4) (1.0)

CP CV CV CV CV

98Per 86Ham 86Ham 86Ham 97Faw

0.1 M HClO4/H2O Gold/Palladium 1 M H2SO4/H2O alloy 25 at%

H+/H2

25

2.5·10–7 0.0018

CP SS

98Per 68Boc2

Gold/Palladium 1 M H2SO4/H2O alloy 50 at%

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.1 M

25

0.0046

SS

68Boc2

Gold/Palladium 1 M H2SO4/H2O alloy 75 at%

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.1 M

25

0.0063

SS

68Boc2

Gold/Platinum 1 M H2SO4/H2O alloy 20 at%

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.1 M

25

6.9·10–4

SS

68Boc2

Au(100)

Au(110)

Au(111)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

2

T 4)

6

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

,

0.1 M

298 Electrode 1)

5 Exchange current densities Solution 2)

0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 10–2 M HClO4 +10–2 M In(ClO4)3/H2O 10–2 M HClO4 +10–2 M In(ClO4)3 +5·10–2 M NaCl/H2O 10–2 M HClO4 +10–2 M In(ClO4)3 +0.16 M NaCl/H2O 3 mM HClO4/H2O In(Pt) 76) 3 mM HClO4 +NaClO4/H2O (I=3 M) In(Pt) 10 mM HClO4 +NaClO4/H2O (I =3 M) In(Pt) 10 mM HClO4 +NaClO4+ 0.05 M NaCl/H2O (I =3 M) In(Pt) 10 mM HClO4 +NaClO4+0.16 M NaCl/H2O (I =3 M) In(Hg)0.97 M In 1 M HClO4/H2O Indium (In)

In(Hg) 0.01 M HClO4 0.002...0.9 M In +NaClO4/H2O (I =3 M) In(Hg) 0.1M In 0.0077 M HClO4 +2.9923 M NaClO4/H2O In(Hg) 0.1M In 0.016 M HClO4 +2.984 M NaClO4/H2O In(Hg) 0.1M In 0.05 M HClO4 +2.95 M NaClO4/H2O In(Hg) 0.1M In 0.01 M HClO4 +1 M NaClO4/H2O In(Hg) 0.1M In 0.01 M HClO4 +3 M NaClO4/H2O In(Hg) 0.1M In 0.01 M HClO4 +6.1 M NaClO4/H2O

T 4)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

H+/H2 H+/H2 In3+/In

30 25 20

10–10.83 1.4·10–12 6.7·10–5

CP CP CF

65But5 75) 64But1 68Los

In3+/In

20

2.4·10–4

CF

68Los

In3+/In

20

4.2·10–4

CF

68Los

In3+/In In3+/In

20 20

2.88·10–3 2.9·10–3

RT RT

68Los 70Los

In3+/In

20

6.7·10–5

RT

70Los

In3+/In

20

2.4·10–4

RT

70Los

In3+/In

20

4.2·10–4

RT

70Los

In3+/In, 5.3 mM In3+ In3+/In

20

4·10–6

CP

65Mol3

0.0067

RT

63Bud

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

3.5·10–4

CP, RT 60Los2, 62Los2

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

2.2·10–4

CP, RT 60Los2, 62Los2

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

5.2·10–5

CP, RT 60Los2, 62Los2

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+ In3+/In, 10 mM In3+ In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

6.9·10–4

RT

20

1.52·10–4

RT

20

2.5·10–4

RT

-

64Mol, 65Mol2 64Mol, 65Mol2 64Mol, 65Mol2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

299

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

In(Hg) 0.1M In

0.01 M HClO4 +2.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4 +2.4 M NaClO4 +0.6 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.01 M HClO4 +2.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M NaBr/H2O 0.01 M HClO4 +2.5 M NaClO4 +0.5 M NaBr/H2O 0.01 M HClO4 +2.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M NaI/H2O 0.01 M HClO4 +2.5 M NaClO4 +0.5 M NaI/H2O 0.01 M HClO4 +2.5 M NaClO4 +0.5 M NaCl/H2O 0.01 M HClO4 +2.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M HClO4 +0.3 M NaF/H2O 0.86 M H3PO4/H2O 2.98 M NaClO4 +0.02 M NaF +HClO4/H2O (pH=1.3) 2.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M NaF +HClO4/H2O (pH=1.3)

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

3.0·10–4

CP, RT 60Los3, 63Los

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

1.7·10–4

CP, RT 60Los3, 63Los

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

1.1·10–3

CP, RT 63Los

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

2.9·10–3

CP, RT 63Los

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

4.7·10–3

CP, RT 63Los

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

8.7·10–3

CP, RT 63Los

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

1.7·10–4

CP, RT 63Los

In3+/In, 10 mM In3+

20

1.7·10–4

CP, RT 63Los

In3+/In, 4·10–6 mMIn3+ In3+/0 In3+/In, 0.01 M In3+

20

1.55·10–5

CP

25 20

(6.6·10–11) 9.1·10–5

DCP 58Ima CP, RT 63Los

In3+/In, 0.01 M In3+

20

1.6·10–5

CP, RT 63Los

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

25 25 30 40 50 61 25 14 25

2.9·10–13 1.9·10–14 3.3·10–14 1.0·10–13 2.7·10–13 8.9·10–13 3.8·10–13 4.2·10–15 1.3·10–15

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP

In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 0.1M In In(Hg) In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 0.1M In

In(Hg) 8.4% In 10.0% In 10.0% In 10.0% In 10.0% In 10.0% In 16.3% In 20.0% In 20.0% In

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4

T 4)

67Los

64But1 65But4 65But4 65But4 65But4 65But4 64But1 65But4 65But4

300

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

20.0% In 20.0% In 20.0% In 20.0% In 30.4% In 40.0% In 40.0% In 40.0% In 40.0% In 40.0% In 52.2% In 63.0% In 63.0% In 63.0% In 63.0% In 63.0% In 63.0% In 64.4% In Iridium (Ir)

0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 0.1 M HClO4 1 M H2SO4/H2O

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

35 44 55 66 25 14 25 35 51 65 25 16 25 36 46 56 66 25 25

3.3·10–14 5.2·10–13 1.2·10–13 1.8·10–12 5.5·10–13 4.9·10–15 2.9·10–14 9.5·10–14 1.2·10–12 3.3·10–12 8.1·10–13 8.1·10–14 1.0·10–13 4.3·10–13 5.2·10–13 1.5·10–12 9.7·10–12 1.1·10–12 0.0052

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP SS

65But4 65But4 65But4 65But4 64But1 65But4 65But4 65But4 65But4 65But4 64But1 65But4 65But4 65But4 65But4 65But4 65But4 64But1 68Boc2

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + 0.01 M H+/H2 H+/H2 benzoquinone (r)

25

0.0015

SS

68Boc2

25

10–3.7 10–3.4 6.2·10–3

CP CP CV

65Mat 67Man 73Cap

hydroquinone/ quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone/ quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone/ quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone/ quinone, 5.5 mM Fe2+/3+, 0.05 M

25

6.3·10–6

CP

62Tom 77)

25

3.4·10–5

CF

62Tom

25

2.6·10–5

CF

62Tom

25

4.9·10–5

CF

62Tom

25

1·10–5

CP

64Mak 78)

25

10–6.19 10–6.29 10–5.6 10–6.62 10–6.06 4.19·10–13

CP CP CP CP CP CV

57Pen 57Pen 67Man 57Pen 57Pen 96Boc 79)

Iron (Fe)

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) HCl-buffer/H2O, pH=1.1 HCl-buffer/H2O, pH=1.1 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=3.0 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=5.0 1 M H2SO4 +0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N NaOH/H2O 0.1 N NaOH/H2O 1.33 M NaOH +1.95 M NaNO3/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + 0.1 M

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 NO 3– /NO

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

301

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Lead (Pb)

0.01...1 M HCl/H2O 0.5 N H2SO4/H2O H2SO4/H2O, ρ =1.225 g·cm–3 H2SO4/H2O, ρ =1.225 g·cm–3 H2SO4/H2O, ρ =1.225 g·cm–3 H2SO4/H2O, ρ =1.225 g·cm–3 0.5 N NaOH/H2O H2SO4/H2O, ρ =1.225 g·cm–3 H2SO4/H2O, ρ =1.225 g·cm–3 H2SO4/H2O, ρ =1.225 g·cm–3 H2SO4/H2O, ρ =1.225 g·cm–3 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.9946 M KNO3 +2.7 mM Pb(NO3)2/H2O 0.986 M KNO3 +7 mM Pb(NO3)2/H2O 0.9 M KNO3 +50 mM Pb(NO3)2/H2O 0.8 M KNO3 +0.1 M Pb(NO3)2/H2O 0.5 M Pb(NO3)2/H2O

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

30

10–11.5 10–11.33 1.8·10–13

CP CP CS

70Avd 64Boc3 57Rüe 80)

H+/H2

30

7.5·10–13

CS

57Rüe 81)

H+/H2

30

1.4·10–12

CS

57Rüe 82)

H+/H2

30

4.5·10–12

CS

57Rüe

H+/H2 H2O/O2

30

10–6.47 1.4·10–10

CP CS

64Boc3 57Rüe 83)

H2O/O2

30

8.9·10–11

CS

57Rüe 84)

H2O/O2

30

2.1·10–10

CS

57Rüe 82)

H2O/O2

30

4.4·10–10

CS

57Rüe

Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0

16 23

0.3 0.0262, 0.0356

IP IP, GD

67Har 69Ham3

Pb2+/0

23

0.0349, 0.0395

IP, GD

69Ham3

Pb2+/0

23

0.0468, 0.064

IP, GD

69Ham3

Pb2+/0

23

0.0498, 0.067

IP, GD

69Ham3

Pb2+/0

23 -

IP, GD IP

69Ham3

Pb2+/0

0.0714, 0.1 0.1

59Lor

Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

0.05 M PbCl2 +1 M KNO3/H2O 1.33 M NaOH +1.95 M NaNO3/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O, pH=2 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O

T 4)

NO 3– /NO

25

6.6·10–10

CV

96Boc 79)

Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0, 1.5 mM Pb2+/0, 1.2 mM Pb2+/0, 2.4 mM Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0

25 28 32 32 20 22

2.0 1 0.96 5.2 7.7 >1 0.8

IP IP FR FR FR IP FR

61Ran 62Ran 71Aga 71Aga 71Aga 52Ran1 58Bar1

302 Electrode 1)

5 Exchange current densities Solution 2)

1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O K4P2O7+NaNO3/H2O 1 M NaBr/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NEt4PF6 /DMF 54) 0.1 M NPr4PF6 86) /DMF 54) 0.1 M NBu4PF6 86) /DMF 54) Mercury (Hg) 0.1 M LiCl/H2O 1 M LiCl/H2O 0.1 M (C2H5)4NI/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 mM HCl +1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HNO3/H2O 0.2 M HNO3 +0.8 M HClO4/H2O 0.4 M HNO3 +0.6 M HClO4/H2O 0.6 M HNO3 +0.4 M HClO4/H2O 2 M HClO4 +0.25 mM NaCl/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M HCl/H2O 0.5 M HCl/H2O 0.5 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 N HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Pb(Hg) Lithium (Li)

T 4)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0, 3.7·10–5 M Pb2+/0, 1.5 mM Pb2+ Pb2+/0, 3 mM Pb2+ Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0, 1.2 mM Pb2+ Pb2+/0, 2.4 mM Pb2+ Li1+/0

22 28 28 28 22 25 37 37 25

0.2 250 2.1·10–3 0.59 1.0 1.66·10–4 3...50 3.3 220 10.2 13.5 1.1·10–4

FR IP FR FR FR DCP IP FR IP FR FR IP/PP

58Bar1 70Sal2 71Aga 71Aga 71Aga 68Pop 70Sal2 58Bar1 70Sal1 71Aga 71Aga 80Bar3

Li1+/0

25

2.8·10–4

IP/PP

80Bar3

Li1+/0

25

4.7·10–4

IP/PP

80Bar3

Ba2+/0 Ba2+/0 Ba2+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0

25 25 25 26 26

1.6·10–2 9·10–3 1·10–2 1.2...3.6 2.7·10–3

IP IP IP IP IP

70Tim 70Tim 70Tim 60Mou 60Mou

Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0 Bi3+/0

25 26 26 26

3·10–4 3.7·10–4 2.8...4.2·10–4 1.15·10–3

ACP IP IP IP

61Kam 60Mou 60Mou 60Mou

Bi3+/0

26

1.75·10–3

IP

60Mou

Bi3+/0

26

2.5·10–3

IP

60Mou

Bi0/3+, 4·10–6 M

20

10–5

CP

67Los

Bi3+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0

26 23.7 25 25 25 25 24

1.85·10–3 0.165 ≈0.5 ≈10 ≈0.6 2.6 0.94

IP ACP ACP IP ACP IP IP

60Mou 58Bau 60Bau 65Bie 60Bau 65Bie 67Fri

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

303

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4 +0.9 M NaClO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O, pH=2 1 M KBr/H2O 0.5 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O, pH=2 1 M KCl/H2O, pH=3 1 M KCl/H2O, pH=2 1 M KI/H2O, pH=2 1 M KI/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 N KF/H2O 1 N KI/H2O 1 N KI/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O 1 N K2SO4/H2O, pH=2 1 M NaBr/H2O 1 M NaCl/H2O 1 M NaCl/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=2 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=2 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=3 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaN3/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 N Na2SO4/H2O

Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0

25 24 25

0.35 0.25 0.46

IP IP IP

65Bie 67Fri 65Bie

Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0, 1·10–3 Cd2+/0, 2·10–5 Cd2+/0, 1.5·10–3 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0, 2·10–5 Cd2+/0, 2·10–5 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0, 2·10–5 Cd2+/0, 2·10–5 Cd2+/0, 2·10–5 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0, 2·10–5 Cd2+ Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0

24 24 24 22 27 25 25 25 25 22 22 24 22 22 22 25 24 25 25 24 22 22 25 24 25 22

0.14 0.12 0.17 >0.2 0.91 ≈1.5 ≈2.9 ≈0.7 (≈2.9) >0.2 >1 1.2 (0.25) >0.2 >1 0.6 0.063 ≈0.4 2.6 0.63 0.08 (0.08) 7.7·10–3 1.2 3.9·10–3 2.3

IP IP ACP FR FR IP FR FR FR FR ACP IP FR FR ACP ACP IP ACP IP ACP FR FR IP IP IP FR

67Fri 67Fri 68Moo 61Bar1 71Aga 60Bau 60Bau 69deL 61Bar1 61Bar1 61Kam 67Fri 61Bar1 61Bar1 61Kam 61Kam 67Fri 60Bau 65Bie 67Fri 61Bar1 61Bar1 70Mou 67Fri 70Mou 58Bar1

Cd2+/0

22

(0.43)

FR

61Bar1

Cd2+/0

25

0.45

FR

69deL

Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0, 1·10–3 Cd2+/0, 3·10–3 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0

24 24 27 25 20 25 25 25

0.34 0.33 1.2 7.5·10–3 2.6·10–2 0.25 8.5·10–2 3.6·10–2 3.8·10–2

IP ACP FR IP PS ACP IP PS GS

67Fri 68Moo 71Aga 70Mou 57Vie 60Bau 61Ran 63Tos 65Tos

304

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

1 N Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4+ 5·10–3 M n-hexanol/H2O 1 M Na2SO4+10–2 M n-hexanol/H2O 0.9 M NaClO4/H2O 0.9 M NaClO4 /methanol 0.9 M NaClO4 /propylene carbonate 0.9 M NaClO4 /DMF 54) 0.9 M NaClO4 /NMF 88) 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O +CH3CN 0.5 mol +0.5 mol 1 M NaClO4/CH3CN 1 M NaClO4/CH3CN +CH3OH 0.8 mol +0.2 mol 1 M NaClO4/CH3CN +CH3OH 0.5 mol +0.5 mol 1 M NaClO4/CH3OH 1 M NaClO4/DMF 54) +NMF 88) 0.8 mol +0.2 mol 1 M NaClO4/DMF 54) +NMF 88) 0.5 mol +0.5 mol 1 M NaClO4/DMF 54) +NMF 88) 0.2 mol +0.8 mol 1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaSO4/H2O 0.1 M NMe4Br/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /formamide

Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0

24 24 24 25 30

0.076 0.063 0.24 0.15 2.2·10–4

IP IP CP ACP ACP

67Fri 67Fri 65Nic 72Hue 58Del

Cd2+/0

30

1.0·10–4

ACP

58Del

Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0

25 25

0.45 0.013

IP IP

71Bie 71Bie

Cd2+/0

25

∼0.1

IP

71Bie

Cd2+/

25

0.15

IP

71Bie

Cd2+/0

25

0.12

IP

71Bie

Cd2+/0, 2·10–5 Cd2+/0

22 25

(0.43) 0.0145

FR IP

61Bar1 71Bie

Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0

25 25

0.19 0.08

IP IP

71Bie 71Bie

Cd2+/0

25

0.028

IP

71Bie

Cd2+/0 Cd2+/0

25 25

0.013 0.081

IP IP

71Bie 71Bie

Cd2+/0

25

0.089

IP

71Bie

Cd2+/0

25

0.108

IP

71Bie

Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0 Co2+/0

25 30 30 30 30 30

1.99·10–10 8.0·10–17 1.5·10–16 5.6·10–16 4.0·10–16 2.8·10–15

OP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP

55Mat 70Gau 70Gau 70Gau 70Gau 70Gau

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

305

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.1 M NaClO4 /formamide (20vol%)+H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /formamide (40vol%)+H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /formamide (60vol%)+H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /formamide (80vol%)+H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /DMF 54) 0.1 M NaClO4 /DMF(20vol%) +H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /DMF(40vol%) +H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /DMF(60vol%) +H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /DMF(80vol%) +H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /acetonitrile 0.1 M NaClO4 /acetonitrile (40vol%)+H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /acetonitrile (60vol%)+H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 /acetonitrile (80vol%)+H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NH4F/H2O 0.2 M NaF/H2O 0.2 M KF/H2O 0.905 M NaF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O

Co2+/0

30

1.0·10–14

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

5.6·10–15

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

4.5·10–15

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

1.4·10–14

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

5.0·10–13

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

1.0·10–14

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

3.5·10–17

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

3.2·10–16

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

3.5·10–15

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

2.8·10–6

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

1.4·10–10

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

4.5·10–9

DCP

70Gau

Co2+/0

30

7.0·10–13

DCP

70Gau

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]OH2+/+

25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

(2.7·10–4) (3.2·10–3) (1.5·10–5) (4.5·10–4) (2.0·10–3) (1.5·10–5) (8.0·10–6) (1.0·10–5) (1.7·10–5) (1.0·10–5)

CV CV DCP CV CV DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP

80Bar1 80Bar1 78Sat 80Bar1 80Bar1 78Sat 78Sat 78Sat 78Sat 78Sat

306

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

1 M KF/H2O

([Co(NH3)5] NO3)2+/+ ([Co(NH3)5]N3)F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]NCS2+/+ [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(en)3]F2+/+ cis-([Co(en)2](N3)2)+/0 trans([Co(en)2](N3)2)+/0 [Co(NH3)5OSO3]+/0 [Co(NH3)5OSO3]+/0 [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+/+

25

(3.2·10–2)

DCP

78Sat

25 25 25 25 25 25 25

(1.7·10–2) (1.1·10–3) (8.0·10–7) (7.5·10–7) (1.5·10–5) (5.0·10–3) (8.0·10–4)

DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP

78Sat 78Sat 78Sat 78Sat 78Sat 63) 78Sat 63) 78Sat 63)

25 25 25 25

(4.1·10–4) (4.5·10–4) (>4.0·10–2) (1.6·10–4)

DCP DCP DCP CV

78Sat 78Sat 78Sat 80Bar1

24

(1.0·10–3)

PP

84Bar2

24

(3.2·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(8.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(4.2·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(6.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(4.0·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(4.0·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(2.4·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.1·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(2.0·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.1·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(2.5·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(8.5·10–4)

PP

85Li

1 M KF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M NH4F/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M NH4F/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O

[Co(NH3)5] OH 32+ / 2 +

0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM [Co(NH3)5] NCS2+/1+ HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] HCOO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] CH3COO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] CCl3COO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] CF3COO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] (CH3)3COO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5]CH3C (O)COO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] HC(O)COO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] CH2OHCOO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] CH3C(OH) HCOO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] CH2FCOO)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] cyclopentane carboxylate)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5]cyclopen tane acetate)2+/1+ 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O ([Co(NH3)5] cyclohexane carboxylate)2+/1+

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

([Co(NH3)5] cyclohexane acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] cyclohexane propionate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] benzoate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] phenylacetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] 3-phenylpropionate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] 2-phenylacrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] benzoate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] furan-3carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] furan-2carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5]furan-2acrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] pyridine-2carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] pyridine-3carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] pyridine-2acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] 3-pyridylacrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2propionate)2+/1+

24

(2.0·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(6.1·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(1.0·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(1.1·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(8.7·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(1.2·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(1.2·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(1.1·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.6·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(1.3·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(8.9·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(7.2·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(2.3·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(7.3·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(7.0·10–3)

PP

85Li

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

307

T 4)

308

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2butyrate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-3carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acetat)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2propionate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2butyrate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-2acrylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-3carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] thiophene-3acetate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] benzothiophene-3carboxylate)2+/1+ ([Co(NH3)5] benzothiophene-3malonate)2+/1+ [Co(Cp)2] (o) 87)

24

(3.0·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(2.8·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(7.5·10–3)

PP

85Li

24

(3.2·10–2)

PP

85Li

24

(1.8·10–3)

PP

84Li

24

(4.5·10–4)

PP

84Li

24

(6.3·10–4)

PP

84Li

24

(3.2·10–4)

PP

84Li

24

(2.8·10–3)

PP

84Li

24

(1.7·10–3)

PP

84Li

24

(4.9·10–4)

PP

84Li

24

(2.7·10–4)

PP

84Li

24

(2.6·10–4)

PP

84Li

-

2.75

ACP

93Win

[Co(Cp)2] (o)

-

1.55

ACP

93Win

[Co(Cp)2] (o)

-

0.89

ACP

93Win

[Co(Cp)2] (o)

-

0.62

ACP

93Win

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4+/H2O

0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.025 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.05 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.25 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54)

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

309

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.1 M TBAP 52) Co(Cp) 2+ /0 /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP/acetone Co(Cp) + /0 2

23

3.0

ACP

85Gen

23

2.5

ACP

85Gen

0.1 M TBAP /formamide 0.1 M TBAP /NMF 88) 0.1 M TBAP /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TBAP /benzonitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /CH2Cl2 0.1 M TEAP 74) /formamide 0.1 M TEAP 74) /NMF 88) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /dimethylacetamide 0.1 M TEAP 74) /tetramethylurea 0.1 M TEAP 74) /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TEAP 74) /benzonitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74)/PC 113)

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.55

ACP

85Gen

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.6

ACP

85Gen

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

1.0

ACP

85Gen

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.55

ACP

85Gen

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.25

ACP

85Gen

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

5.0

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

5.0

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.6

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.45

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

2.0

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

2.0

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.35

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.75

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

0.6

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

1.0

ACP

86McM

0.1 M TBAFB 89) /methanol 0.1 M TBAFB /ethanol 0.1 M TBAFB /1-propanol 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP 52) /butyronitrile 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dimethylacetamide 0.1 M TBAP /dimethyl sulfoxide

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

6.0

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

4.0

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 2+ /0

23

1.0

ACP

86McM

Co(Cp) 02 / –

22

0.112

IP

92Faw1

Co(Cp) 02 / –

22

0.079

IP

92Faw1

Co(Cp) 02 / –

22

0.126

IP

92Faw1

Co(Cp) 02 / –

22

0.04

IP

92Faw1

310

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Hg

0.1 M TBAP 52) Co(Cp) 02 / – 113 /PC ) 0.1 M TBAP Co(Cp' ) 2+ /0 /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP/acetone Co(Cp' ) + /0 2

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

22

0.034

IP

92Faw1

23

3.5

ACP

85Gen

23

3.0

ACP

85Gen

0.1 M TBAP/NMF ) Co(Cp' ) + /0 2

23

0.8

ACP

85Gen

0.1 M TBAP/DMF 54) Co(Cp' ) + /0 2

23

1.5

ACP

85Gen

0.1 M TBAP Co(Cp' ) 2+ /0 /dimethyl sulfoxide trans-([Co(SO3)2 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)4)5–/7– trans-([Co(SO3)2 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)4)5–/7– trans-([Co(SO3)2 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)4)5–/7– trans-([Co(SO3)2 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)4)5–/7– trans-([Co(SO3)2 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)4)5–/7– ([Co(SO3) 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)5)4–/6– ([Co(SO3) 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)5)4–/6– ([Co(SO3) 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)5)4–/6– ([Co(SO3) 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O (CN)5)4–/6– 2 + /3 + 1 M KCl/H2O Craq

23

0.75

ACP

85Gen

15

(2.67·10–13)

DCP

70Mak

20

(3.32·10–13)

DCP

70Mak

25

(5.29·10–13)

DCP

70Mak

30

(6.59·10–13)

DCP

70Mak

35

(9.12·10–13)

DCP

70Mak

10

(1.66·10–17)

DCP

70Mak

15

(3.06·10–17)

DCP

70Mak

20

(6.26·10–17)

DCP

70Mak

30

(1.5·10–17)

DCP

70Mak

25

1.0·10–5

IP

52Ran2

90

)

88

1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq

25

7.9·10–8

OP

55Mat

0.4 M KPF6/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq

25

(2.1·10–3)

DME

80Bar1

0.4 M NaClO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq

25

(2.0·10–2)

CV

80Bar1

1 M NaClO4/H2O

3 + /2 + Craq

25

(0.75·105)

CM

76Wea

1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + , Craq

24

0.95·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

1.4·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

2.2·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

1.6·10–4

OC

65Sri

0.018; 0.082 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + , Craq

0.035; 0.065 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + , Craq

0.076; 0.024 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + , Craq

0.08; 0.02 M Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

311

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq ,

24

1.8·10–4

OC

65Sri

1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq ,

24

2.1·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

1.7·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

1.8·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

1.7·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

1.9·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

2.2·10–4

OC

65Sri

24

2.0·10–4

OC

65Sri

2 + /3 + Craq ,

24

2.3·10–4

OC

65Sri

0.036; 0.004M Cr(VI)/Cr(IV) Cr(IV)/Cr(III) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II)

25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

2.7·10–6 2.7·10–6 8.0·10–7 2.1·10–5 1.7·10–5 1.4·10–5 8.5·10–6 8.5·10–6 9.8·10–5 6.5·10–6 2.6·10–6 6.5·10–6 6.5·10–6 3.6·10–6 3.6·10–6 8.1·10–6 8.1·10–6 7.1·10–6

DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP

61Pam 61Pam 61Pam 70Ans 70Ans 70Ans 70Ans 71deK 70Ans 70Ans 70Ans 70Ans 71deK 70Ans 71deK 70Ans 71deK 66Par2

Cr(III)/Cr(II)

35

1.4·10–5

DCP

66Par2

Cr(III)/Cr(II)

45

2.5·10–5

DCP

66Par2

0.085; 0.015 M 0.003; 0.037 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq ,

0.008; 0.032 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq ,

0.012; 0.028 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq ,

0.017; 0.023 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq ,

0.023; 0.017 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq ,

0.027; 0.013 M 1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq ,

0.031; 0.009 M 1 M KCl/H2O KCl/H2O KCl/H2O KCl/H2O 0.08 M CsClO4/H2O 0.5 M KBr/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 0.5 M KCl/H2O 0.5 M KCl/H2O 0.5 M KI/H2O 0.0883 M LaCl3/H2O 0.1666 M LaCl3/H2O 0.5 M LiClO4/H2O 0.5 M LiClO4/H2O 1 M LiClO4/H2O 1 M LiClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=3.4 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=3.4 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=3.4 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

312

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

Hg

0.9 M NaClO4 /+0.1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/H2O

Cr(III)/Cr(II)

-

Cr(III)/Cr(II) Cr(III)/Cr(II)

0.1 M NaOH/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /10 vol% methanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /20 vol% methanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /30 vol% methanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /40 vol% methanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /50 vol% methanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /60 vol% methanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /70 vol% methanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /10 vol% ethanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /20 vol% ethanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /30 vol% ethanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /40 vol% ethanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /50 vol% ethanol/H2O

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ] 1.0·10–5

DCP

62Ran

CrO 24 – (r)

25 25 25

7.9·10–6 7.9·10–6 (1.2·10–9)

DCP DCP DCP

70Ans 71deK 61Mei

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.8·10–9)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

–11

(1.9·10 )

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.6·10–11)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.1·10–11)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(2.1·10–11)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(4.1·10–11)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(4.1·10–11)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.1·10–11)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(3.5·10–13)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(2.4·10–15)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(8.5·10–16)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(7.4·10–17)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(2.2·10–15)

DCP

71Sad

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

313

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

0.1 M NaOH /60 vol% ethanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /70 vol% ethanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /10 vol% propanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /20 vol% propanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /30 vol% propanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /40 vol% propanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /50 vol% propanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH /60 vol% propanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/70 vol% propanol/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/10 vol% dioxane/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/20 vol% dioxane/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/30 vol% dioxane/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/40 vol% dioxane/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/50 vol% dioxane/H2O 0.1 M NaOH/60 vol% dioxane/H2O

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(6.9·10–15)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(7.2·10–16)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.1·10–16)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.1·10–18)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.6·10–17)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(3.0·10–15)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(2.7·10–14)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(5.8·10–16)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.1·10–15)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(5.3·10–18)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(2.2·10–16)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(8.4·10–18)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(8.4·10–18)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(1.8·10–17)

DCP

71Sad

CrO 24 – (r)

-

(4.6·10–17)

DCP

71Sad

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

314

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

0.1 M KCN/H2O

Cr(CN)36 – /4 –

30

0.018

IP

62Del4

0.1 M KCN +0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCN +0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCN +0.3 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCN +0.5 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCN +0.7 M KCl/H2O 0.5 M KCN +3 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCN/H2O

Cr(CN)36 – /4 –

25

2.2·10–2

PS

70Yam

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 –

25

0.052

IP

62Del4

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 –

25

0.14

IP

62Del4

Cr(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.31

IP

62Del4

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 –

25

0.91

IP

62Del4

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 –

25

1.25

FR

62Ima1

Cr(CN)36 – /4 –

20

(0.25)

IP

52Ran2

1 M KCN/H2O

Cr(CN)36 – /4 –

30

0.22

ACP

61Smi

0.1 M KSCN/H2O

Cr(SCN)36 – /4 –

-

4.0·10–3

DCP

62Kis

0.3 M KSCN/H2O

Cr(SCN)36 – /4 –

-

4.0·10

–3

DCP

62Kis

1 M KSCN/H2O

Cr(SCN)36 – /4 –

-

2.0·10–3

DCP

62Kis

3 M KSCN/H2O

Cr(SCN)36 – /4 –

-

7.0·10

–3

DCP

62Kis

7 M KSCN/H2O

Cr(SCN)36 – /4 –

-

1.0·10–2

DCP

62Kis

25

5

(0.6·10 )

CM

76Wea

5

(0.46·10 ) (1.2·103)

CM CM

76Wea 76Wea

– 2+/1+

1 M NaClO4/H2O

[Cr(OH2)F ]

1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O

[Cr(OH2)SO 24 –]1+ / 0 [Cr(OH2)Cl–]2+/1+

25 25

1 M NaClO4/H2O

[Cr(OH2)Br–]2+/1+

25

(7.·104)

CM

76Wea

25 25

2

(4.2·10 ) (12)

CM CM

76Wea 76Wea

[Cr(NH3)5]NCS

25 24

(35) (1.0·10–5)

CM PP

76Wea 84Guy

[Cr(OH2)5]NCS2+/1+

24

(7.5·10–4)

PP

84Guy

([Cr(NH3)5]N3)2+/1+

24

(5.0·10–7)

PP

84Guy

([Cr(OH2)5]N3)2+/1+

24

(2.0·10–5)

PP

84Guy

1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O

– 2+/1+

[Cr(OH)2NCS ]

[Cr(OH2)N 3– ]2+/1+ [Cr(OH2)NO3– ]2+/1+ 2+/1+

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP/acetone

[Cr(NH3)5]Cl2+/1+

24

(1.0·10–5)

PP

84Guy

[Cr(OH2)5]Cl2+/1+

24

(1.5·10–3)

PP

84Guy

[Cr(NH3)5]Br2+/1+

24

(6.0·10–3)

PP

84Guy

[Cr(OH2)5]Br2+/1+

24

(>2.5)

PP

84Guy

Cr(C 6 H 6 ) 2+ /0

23

4.0

ACP

85Gen

Cr(C 6 H 6 ) 2+ /0

23

2.5

ACP

85Gen

0.1 M TBAP /formamide 0.1 M TBAP /NMF 91) 0.1 M TBAP /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TBAP /benzonitrile 0.1 M TBAP /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP/PC 113)

Cr(C 6 H 6 ) 2+ /0

23

0.55

ACP

85Gen

Cr(C 6 H 6 ) 2+ /0

23

0.65

ACP

85Gen

Cr(C 6 H 6 ) 2+ /0

23

1.2

ACP

85Gen

Cr(C 6 H 6 ) 2+ /0

23

0.5

ACP

85Gen

Cr(C 6 H 6 ) 2+ /0

23

0.3

ACP

85Gen

23

1.37·10–2

PP/CV 95Urb

23

0.56·10–2

PP/CV 95Urb

Cr(acac)30/ –

23

0.57·10

–2

PP/CV 95Urb

Cr(acac)30/ –

23

0.96·10–2

PP/CV 95Urb

0.1 M TBAP /dimetylacetamide 0.1 M TBAP Cr(acac)30/ – /dimethylsulfoxide 0.1 M TBAP/DEF 93) Cr(acac)30/ –

23

0.75·10

–2

PP/CV 95Urb

23

0.53·10–2

PP/CV 95Urb

23

0.83·10–2

PP/CV 95Urb

Cr(acac)30/ –

23

0.37·10–2

PP/CV 95Urb

Cr(acac)30/ –

23

0.89·10–2

PP/CV 95Urb

Cr(acac)30/ –

23

0.59·10–2

PP/CV 95Urb

0.1 M TBAP /butyrolactone 0.1 M TBAP/DMF

Cr(acac)30/ – Cr(acac)30/ –

Cr(acac)30/ –

0.1 M TBAP /HMPA 124) 0.1 M TBAP /formamide 0.1 M TBAP /NMF 88)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

315

92

)

T 4)

316

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

0.1 M acetate buffer +0.4 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M acetate buffer +0.4 M NaCl/H2O, pH=5 0.1 M acetate buffer +0.4 M NaNO3/H2O 0.1 M TEAP 74) /acetonitrile 0.3 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.1 M TEAP 74) /propionitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMA 96) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMSO 51) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /ethylene glycol 0.1 M TEAP 74) /PC 113) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74)/ propionitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMA 96) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMSO 51) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /ethylene glycol 0.1 M TEAP 74) /PC 113) 0.02 M K-acetate buffer+0.08 M KCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.04 M K-acetate buffer+0.16 M KCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

2.1·10–1

PS

69Tan1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

2.1·10–1

PS

69Yam

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

2.9·10–2

PS

69Tan1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.4·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94) [CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

22 25

0.45 1.1·10–2

IP CV

87Zha 95) 95Hec1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

4.3·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.7·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.2·10–4

CV

95Hec1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.4·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.7·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.4·10–3

CV

95Hec2

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

1.1·10–2

CV

95Hec2

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

4.3·10–3

CV

95Hec2

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.7·10–3

CV

95Hec2

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.2·10–4

CV

95Hec2

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.4·10–3

CV

95Hec2

[CrEDTA]–/2– 94)

25

3.1·10–3

CV

95Hec2

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

8.5·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

17.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

317

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.1 M K-acetate buffer+0.4 M KCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.2 M K-acetate buffer+0.8 M KCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.02 M Li-acetate buffer+0.08 M LiCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.04 M Li-acetate buffer+0.16 M LiCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.1 M Li-acetate buffer+0.4 M LiCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.2 M Li-acetate buffer+0.8 M LiCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.02 M Na-acetate buffer+0.08 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.04 M Na-acetate buffer+0.16 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.1 M Na-acetate buffer+0.4 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.2 M Na-acetate buffer+0.8 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=4.5 0.1 M acetate buffer +0.4 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=5

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

34.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

58.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

6.6·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

9.6·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

18.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

25.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

5.9·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

11.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

29.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

37.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

0

4.5·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

318

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

0.1 M acetate buffer +0.4 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=5 0.1 M acetate buffer +0.4 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=5 0.1 M acetate buffer +0.4 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=5 0.1 M acetate buffer +0.4 M NaCl +2 μM LEO 98) /H2O, pH=5 0.1 M TEAP 74) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /benzonitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /propionitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMA 96) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMSO 51) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /PC 113) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMA 96) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMSO 51) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /HMPA 100) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /propionitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /tetramethylurea 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54)

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

10

11.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

20

18.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

29.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

35

51.0·10–3

PS, DCP

72Tan

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

2.1·10–5

CV

95Hec1

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

2.7·10–5

CV

95Hec1

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

8.5·10–2

CV

95Hec1

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

2.2·10–4

CV

95Hec1

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

7·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

3.9·10–6

CV

95Hec1

[CrCYDTA]–/2– 97)

25

1.6·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrHEDTRA]0/– 99)

25

7.6·10–4

CV

95Hec1

[CrHEDTRA]0/–

25

8.5·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrHEDTRA]0/–

25

3.1·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrHEDTRA]0/–

25

5.1·10–3

CV

95Hec1

[CrHEDTRA]0/–

25

4.0·10–2

CV

95Hec1

[CrHEDTRA]0/–

25

1.1·10–2

CV

95Hec1

Cr(bipy)32 + / +

25

>0.4

GD

75Saj1

Cr(bipy)3+ / 0

25

1.3

GD

75Saj1

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 1 M KCl/H2O

Cr(bipy)30 / –

25

0.23

GD

75Saj1

2 + / 3+ Craq

25

1.0·10–5

IP

52Ran2

0.2 M NaCN/H2O

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 – , 2.5 mM

30

3.9·10–3

IP

60Del

1 M KCN/H2O

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 –

25

0.25

IP

52Ran2

1 M KCN/H2O

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 –

25

0.27

ACP

72Hue

Cs Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

20 25

~0.2 1.3·10–3

IP DCP

52Ran1 71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.3·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.1·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.6·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.6·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.6·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0

25

4 .4·10–9

DCP

59Kol

Cu2+/0, 0.046 M CuSO4

25

1.43·10–9

DCP

58Lai

Cu2+/0 Cu2+/0 Cu2+/0, 2 mM Cu2+ Cu2+/0

25 25 25 25

2.2·10–9 4.5·10–2 1.9·10–2 1.9·10–2

CF ACP PS GS

69Suz 61Kam 63Tos 63Tos

1 M NMe4OH/H2O 0.1 M CsCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01 M borate buffer, pH=8 0.15 M CsCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01 M borate buffer, pH=8 0.2 M CsCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01 M borate buffer, pH=8 0.3 M CsCl +0.01 M EDTA+ 0.01 M borate buffer, pH=8 0.5 M CsCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01 M borate buffer, pH=8 1 M CsCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01 M borate buffer, pH=8 0.1 M HClO4/ +0.05% TritonX 100/H2O 0.1 M KCl+0.1 M EDTA/H2O; saturated with camphor 0.1 M KClO4/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

319

1+

T 4)

320

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

1 M KNO3+1 M en /H2O; saturated with camphor 63) 1 M KNO3+0.95 M propylene-diamine /H2O; saturated with camphor 63) 0.1 M LiCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.15 M LiCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.2 M LiCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.3 M LiCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.5 M LiCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 1 M LiCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 1 M LiNO3/H2O, pH=5 0.5 M NaCl +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 NaCl+NaI +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.05 M NaI +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8

Cu2+/0, 0.047 M CuSO4

25

1.12·10–5

DCP

58Lai

Cu2+/0, 0.046 M CuSO4

25

9.44·10–6

DCP

58Lai

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.0·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.0·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.3·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

0.9·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.3·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.4·10–3

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0

25

0.48

ACP

72Haw

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

2.1·10–3

DCP

71Ruz

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.0·10–2

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mMCuSO4

25

1.1·10–6

DCP

71Bar4

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

321

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.05 M NaI +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.1 M NaI +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.25 M NaI +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.25 M NaI +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 0.3 M NaI +0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 1 M NaI+0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 1 M NaI+0.01 M EDTA +0.01M borate buffer, pH=8 1 M NaNO3 +0.1 M EDTA/H2O 1 M NaNO3+0.1 M EDTA+0.01% polyvinylalcohol /H2O 0.5 M NaSO4/+1 mM H2SO4+ n-butanol/H2O 1 M NH4OH +1 M NH4NO3 +0.71 M EDTA /H2O; saturated with camphor 1 M NH4OH +1 M NH4NO3 /H2O; saturated with camphor

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

7.7·10–7

CV

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

6.9·10–7

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

4.1·10–7

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.9·10–7

CV

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

3.1·10–7

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

3.2·10–7

DCP

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 0.5 mM CuSO4

25

1.2·10–7

CV

71Bar4

Cu2+/0, 2 mM Cu(NO3)2

25

1.07·10–3

DCP

70Aya

Cu2+/0, 2 mM Cu(NO3)2

25

(2.5·10–11)

DCP

70Aya

Cu2+/0

25

0.065·(1-θ ) 3.97 101 )

DCP

65Sat

Cu2+/0, 0.025 M CuSO4

25

8.75·10–3

DCP

58Lai

Cu2+/1+,0.035 M CuCl2

25

3.64·10–4

DCP

58Lai

322

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

1 M NH4OH +1 M NH4NO3 /H2O; saturated with camphor 1 M NH4OH +1 M NH4Cl/H2O; saturated with camphor 1 M NH4OH +1 M NH4NO3 /H2O; saturated with camphor 1 M KCl/H2O

Cu2+/1+, 0.025 M CuSO4

25

2.28·10–6

DCP

58Lai

Cu2+/1+, 0.01 M CuSO4

25

1.03·10–6

DCP

58Lai

Cu1+/0, 0.026 M CuCl2

25

9.75·10–5

DCP

58Lai

2 + /3 + Eu aq

25

2.1·10–4

IP

52Ran2

1 M KCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Eu aq

25

(0.32...0.87)·10

DCP

70deK

1 M KI/H2O

2 + /3 + Eu aq

25

0.0016

IP

52Ran2

1 M KCNS/H2O

2 + /3 + Eu aq

25

0.008

IP

52Ran2

0.1 M KPF6/H2O

2 + /3 + Eu aq

CV

80Bar1

0.4 M KPF6/H2O

2 + /3 + Eu aq

CV

80Bar1

0.2 M LiCl/H2O

2 + /3 + Eu aq

NaClO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Eu aq

NaClO4/H2O

Eu 3aq+ /2 +

25 25 25

–3

(3.0·10 ) –3

(7.0·10 )

4...9.9·10

–3

–3

OP

68Kov

2.0·10

–3

DCP

60Gie

25

1.6·10

–5

DCP

60Gie

0.03...1 M NaClO4 Eu 3aq+ /2 + +1mM HClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O Eu 3aq+ /2 +

25

2·10

–5

DCP

61Gie

25

2.7·10–4

ACP

67Tim

1 M NaClO4/H2O

Eu 3aq+ /2 +

25

3·10–5

DCP

70Kin

1 M KSCN/H2O

Eu 3aq+ /2 +

25

(2.5...3.3)·10–2

DCP

71deK

0.5 M NaSCN+ 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O KCl (I=1 M)/H2O KCl (I=1 M) +0.1 M thiourea/H2O KCl (I=1 M)+0.2 M thiourea/H2O KCl (I=1 M)+0.4 M thiourea/H2O 0.5 M K-oxalate/H2O

Eu 3aq+ /2 +

25

(2.5...3.3)·10–2

CM

73Rod

25

Fe2+(r) Fe2+(r)

-

(2.5·10–22) (1.3·10–20)

DCP DCP

61deM 61deM

Fe2+(r)

-

(1.2·10–20)

DCP

61deM

Fe2+(r)

-

(1.3·10–20)

DCP

61deM

Fe(ox)33 – /4 –

25

>1.0

IP

52Ran2 102)

0.5 M K-oxalate/H2O Fe(ox)33 – /4 –

25

1.2

ACP

72Hue

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M K-oxalate/H2O

Fe(ox)33 – /4 –

25

1.44

GD

72Roh

25

0.86

FR

69deL 103)

Fe(ox)2+/3+

-

1.29

FR

73Pol 102)

Ferrocene Fe(Cp' ) 2+ /0 90)

23

1.1 3.5

CV ACP

88Wip 85Gen

Fe(Cp' ) 2+ /0

23

0.9

ACP

85Gen

Fe(Cp' ) 2+ /0

23

2.0

ACP

85Gen

Fe(Cp' ) 2+ /0

23

0.85

ACP

85Gen

Fe(Cp' ) 2+ /0

23

0.4

ACP

85Gen

23

2.0

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

1.1

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

1.1

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.19

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.7

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.16

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.5

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.07

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.45

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.07

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.35

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

0.1

ACP

86McM

1 M K-oxalate +0.05 M oxalicacid/H2O 1 M K-oxalate +0.05 M oxalicacid/H2O 0.6 M TEAP 74)/AN 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetone 0.1 M TBAP /NMF 88) 0.1 M TBAP /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TBAP /benzonitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /NMF 88) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /NMF 88) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /tetramethylurea 0.1 M TBAP 52) /tetramethylurea 0.1 M TEAP 74) /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TEAP 74) /PC 113) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /PC 113)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

323

Fe(ox)

T 4)

2+/3+

(COT)Fe(CO)30 / –

104

)

324

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

0.1 M TBAFB 89) /ethanol 0.1 M TBAFB /1-propanol 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetone 0.1 M TBAP /dimethylacetamide 0.1 M TBAP /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TBAP 52) /PC 113) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /HMPA 124) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 6 M NaClO4+0.05 M NaSCN/H2O 6 M NaClO4+0.1 M NaSCN/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O +methanol 1 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 7.5 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

3.0

ACP

86McM

(COT)Fe(CO) 30 / –

23

2.0

ACP

86McM

Fe(acac)30/ –

22

0.42

IP

92Faw2

Fe(acac)30/ –

22

0.324

IP

92Faw2

Fe(acac)30/ –

22

0.175

IP

92Faw2

Fe(acac)30/ –

22

0.154

IP

92Faw2

Fe(acac)30/ –

22

0.031

IP

92Faw2

Fe(bipy)32 + / +

25

0.14

GD

75Saj1

Ga3+/Ga, 1·10–3

24

0.016

ACP

68Moo

Ga3+/Ga, 1·10–3

30

0.026

ACP

68Moo

H+/H2

19

10–13...10–12

CP

49Boc 106)

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

0 15 25 45 0 –35 –25 –15 –5 5 10 15 20 25 35 45 50 55 65 72 25 25 –39

10–13.65 10–13.08 10–11.98 10–11.28 10–13.65 10–11.66 10–11.23 10–10.70 10–10.7 10–10.38 10–10.0 10–9.88 10–9.77 10–9.8 10–9.33 10–9.16 10–8.85 10–8.88 10–8.52 10–8.4 2.2·10–13 5.88·10–14 10–16.52

IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP CP CP IP

69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 64But1 66But3 69Dek

105

)

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

5.2 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O 5.2 M HClO4/H2O 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M HClO4/H2O 1.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.98 M HClO4/H2O

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 Hg+/0 Hg+/0 Hg+/0 Hg 22 + /Hg , 1 mM

–35 –25 –5 0 5 10 15 25 24 24 24 25

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 1 mM

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 1 mM

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg

1 M HClO4/H2O 107)

Hg 22 + /Hg Hg 22 + /Hg

1 M HClO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

325

108

)

, 1 mM

T 4)

10–15.56 10–15.64 10–14.26 10–13.07 10–13.03 10–13.58 10–13.82 10–12.17 10–12.6 0.28 0.35 1.3 0.248

IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP CP FR FR FR GD

69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 69Dek 65Mat 62Ima2 62Ima2 62Ima2 59Mat3

0

>1.5

PS

56Ger

0

14

GD

58Ger

16.5

GD

58Ger

–38.8 10

GD

58Ger

–38.9 8.5

GD

58Ger

>0.46

IP

64Slu

0.6<j0<2.2

GM

67Koo2

25

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg/Hg 22 + , 1 mM

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg/Hg 22 +

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.0206 mM 25

0.0212

GS

67Wei2 109)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.103 mM 25

0.0678

GS

67Wei2 109)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.206 mM 25

0.103

GS

67Wei2 109)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.515 mM 25

0.190

GS

67Wei2 109)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 1.03 mM

25

0.304

GS

67Wei2 109)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 2.06 mM

25

0.662

GS

67Wei2 109)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 5.15 mM

25

2.74

GS

67Wei2 109)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.0206 mM 25

0.0197

GS

67Wei2 110)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.103 mM 25

0.0717

GS

67Wei2 110)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.206 mM 25

0.104

GS

67Wei2 110)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.515 mM 25

0.182

GS

67Wei2110)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 1.03 mM

25

0.274

GS

67Wei2110)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 2.06 mM

25

0.447

GS

67Wei2110)

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 5.15 mM

25

1.21

GS

67Wei2110)

, 0.88 mM

25

326

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Hg

T 4)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.25 mM

25

0.040

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 0.5 mM

25

0.075

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 1 mM

25

0.140

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 2 mM

25

0.265

1 M HClO4/H2O

Hg 22 + /Hg , 4 mM

25

0.500

0.5 M ClO 4– /H 2 O

In3+/0

20

(2.2·10–12)

0.5 M ClO 4– /H 2 O

In3+/0

26.5 (4.7·10–12)

0.5 M ClO 4– /H 2 O

In

3+/0

30

1 M KCl/H2O (pH=3 with HNO3) 1 M KNO3+0.012 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M LiCl/H2O 111) 0.1 M LiCl/H2O 111) 0.5 M LiCl/H2O 111) 0.5 M LiCl/H2O 111) 1 M LiCl/H2O 111) 1 M LiCl/H2O 111) 1 M NaBr/H2O 1 M NaCl/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.48 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=1.35 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=1.58 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=1.82 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=2.59

In3+/0

FR,GS, IP,CS FR,GS, IP,CS FR,GS, IP,CS FR,GS, IP,CS FR,GS, IP,CS DCP

70deL

DCP

60Ino

(7.3·10 )

DCP

60Ino

25

6.0·10–4

IP

68Tim

In3+/0

25

3.1·10–3

IP

68Tim

In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0

30 40 30 40 30 40 25 25 30 40 25 30 25

3.147·10–4 3.147·10–4 4.414·10–4 6.0·10–4 6.65·10–4 8.683·10–4 0.65 0.034 1.282·10–3 1.423·10–3 (4.4·10–9) 1.251·10–3 1.4·10–3

DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP IP IP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP

67Jai 67Jai 67Jai 67Jai 67Jai 67Jai 70Mou 70Mou 66Gau 66Gau 58Ima 66Gau 66Cos

In3+/0

25

1.57·10–3

DCP

66Cos

In3+/0

25

1.27·10–3

DCP

66Cos

In3+/0

25

5.42·10–3

DCP

66Cos

–12

70deL 70deL 70deL 70deL 60Ino

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=4.45 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=5.11 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=5.45 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate /H2O, pH=5.78 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=6.7 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.04 M acetylacetonate/H2O, pH=7.25 1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.3 M NaF +0.1 M HCl/H2O 1 M NaN3/H2O 0.1 M NaNO3/H2O 0.1 M NaNO3/H2O 0.5 M NaNO3/H2O 0.5 M NaNO3/H2O 1 M NaNO3/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M LiCl/H2O

In3+/0

25

2.92·10–3

DCP

66Cos

In3+/0

25

3.32·10–3

DCP

66Cos

In3+/0

25

2.92·10–3

DCP

66Cos

In3+/0

25

5.32·10–3

DCP

66Cos

In3+/0

25

5.32·10–3

DCP

66Cos

In3+/0

25

11.3·10–3

DCP

66Cos

In3+/0 In0/3+, 4·10–6 M

30 20

1.213·10–3 1.55·10–5

DCP CP

66Gau 67Los

In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 In3+/0 K+/0 Li+/0

25 30 40 30 40 30 25 25

0.05 1.285·10–3 1.89·10–3 1.243·10–3 1.875·10–3 1.232·10–3 (0.7) (0.14)

70Mou 66Gau 66Gau 66Gau 66Gau 66Gau 66Slu 72Ree

Mn2+(r) Mn3+/2+

25 -

4·10–3 (8.6·10–3)

IP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP IP IP,DC, P OP DCP

Mn3+/2+

-

(5.1·10–3)

DCP

72Iss3

Mn3+/2+

-

(2.3·10–3)

DCP

72Iss3

Mn3+/2+

-

(1.6·10–3)

DCP

72Iss3

1 M KCl/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.021 % sodiumdodecylsulfonate/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.019 % TritonX-100/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.059 % TritonX-100/H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.19 % TritonX-100/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

327

T 4)

55Mat 72Iss3

328

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

Hg

1 M H3PO4+0.042 % sodiumdodecyl sulfonate/H2O 1 M H3PO4+0.145 % sodiumdodecylsulfonate/H2O 1 M H3PO4+0.01 % TritonX-100/H2O 1 M H3PO4+0.0136 % TritonX-100/H2O 1 M H3PO4+0.19 % TritonX-100/H2O 1 M H3PO4+0.536 % TritonX-100/H2O 0.08 M NaF+0.0046 % TritonX-100/H2O (pH=4.5 with H2SO4) 0.08 M NaF+0.018 % TritonX-100/H2O (pH=4.5 with H2SO4) 0.08 M NaF+0.052 % TritonX-100/H2O (pH=4.5 with H2SO4) 0.08 M NaF+0.0036 % TritonX-100/H2O (pH=4.5 with H2SO4) 0.08 M NaF+0.0108 % TritonX-100/H2O (pH=4.5 with H2SO4) 0.08 M NaF+0.068 % TritonX-100/H2O (pH=4.5 with H2SO4) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP/acetone

Mn3+/2+

-

(2.0·10–2)

DCP

72Iss3

Mn3+/2+

-

(1.4·10–2)

DCP

72Iss3

Mn3+/2+

-

(2.8·10–3)

DCP

72Iss3

Mn3+/2+

-

(4.8·10–3)

DCP

72Iss3

Mn3+/2+

-

(6.6·10–3)

DCP

72Iss3

Mn3+/2+

-

(9.4·10–3)

DCP

72Iss3

MnF4– /Mn 2 +

-

(3.82·10–5)

DCP

71Iss

MnF4– /Mn 2 +

-

(4.60·10–6)

DCP

71Iss

MnF4– /Mn 2 +

-

(3.65·10–6)

DCP

71Iss

MnF4– /Mn 2 +

-

(2.01·10–3)

DCP

71Iss

MnF4– /Mn 2 +

-

(7.46·10–4)

DCP

71Iss

MnF4– /Mn 2 +

-

(3.8·10–4)

DCP

71Iss

23

4.0

ACP

85Gen

Mn(Cp' ) 2+ /0

23

4.0

ACP

85Gen

0.1 M TBAP/DMF ) Mn(Cp' ) 2+ /0

23

2.0

ACP

85Gen

Mn(Cp' ) 2+ /0

23

0.9

ACP

85Gen

Mn(Cp' ) 2+ /0

54

0.1 M TBAP /dimethyl sulfoxide

90

)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

0.1 M TBAP /butyronitrile 0.1 M TBAP/PC 113) 0.1 M TBAP /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP /propionitrile 0.1 M TBAP /butyronitrile 0.1 M TBAP /nitromethane 0.1 M TBAP /nitrobenzene 0.1 M TBAP/PC 113) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) KCl/H2O, I=2 M 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl+0.025 M acetyl-acetonate +0.025 M acetate buffer+0.005 carboxymethyl cellulose/H2O, pH=3.5...4.5 0.1 M KCl+0.025 M acetyl-acetonate +0.025 M acetate buffer+0.005 carboxymethyl cellulose/H2O, pH=3.5...4.5 0.1 M KCl+0.025 M acetyl-acetonate +0.025 M acetate buffer+0.005 carboxymethyl cellulose/H2O, pH=3.5...4.5

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Educt, product, concentration 3)

0.1 M TBAP Mn(acac)30/ – /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP/acetone Mn(acac)30/ –

329

105

)

22

0.448

IP

92Faw2

22

0.189

IP

92Faw2

Mn(acac)30/ – 105)

22

0.132

IP

92Faw2

Mn(acac)30/ –

22

0.074

IP

92Faw2

25

0.18

CV

93Mu

Mn(TPP)Cl (r)

25

0.068

CV

93Mu

Mn(TPP)Cl (r)

25

0.028

CV

93Mu

Mn(TPP)Cl (r)

25

0.116

CV

93Mu

Mn(TPP)Cl (r)

25

0.018

CV

93Mu

Mn(TPP)Cl (r) Mo(bipy)3+ /0

25 25

0.012 1.3

CV GD

93Mu 75Saj1

Mo(bipy)30 / –

25

0.22

GD

75Saj1

Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0

25 25

(6.3·10–18) (1.2·10–2) (2.9·10–10)

DCP DCP DCP

61deM 70Nis 114) 70Nis 115)

Ni2+/0

25

(1.5·10–7)

DCP

70Nis 116)

Ni2+/0

25

(5.7·10–3)

DCP

70Nis 114)

Mn(TPP)Cl (r)

112

)

330

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

0.1 M KCl+0.025 M acetyl-acetonate +0.025 M phospate or borate buffer +0.005 carboxymethyl cellulose/H2O, pH=7...8.5 KCl+0.1 M thiourea /H2O, I=2 M KCl+0.2 M thiourea /H2O, I=2 M KCl+0.4 M thiourea /H2O, I=2 M KCl+0.7 M thiourea /H2O, I=2 M 0.1 M KNO3/H2O 0.1 M KNO3 +1 M NH3/H2O 0.1 M KNO3 +1 M en/H2O 63) +0.01 % gelatin 0.1 M KNO3 /H2O+0.01 % gelatin 0.1 M KNO3 /H2O+0.01 % gelatin 0.1 M KNO3 +0.2...3 M HN3 /H2O+0.01 % gelatin 0.1 M KNO3+0.2...3 M HN3/H2O +0.01 % gelatin 0.2 M KSCN/ H2O 0.1 M KSCN/ H2O 0.2 M KSCN/ H2O 0.6 M KSCN/ H2O 0.6 M KSCN/ H2O 1.8 M KSCN/ H2O 1.8 M KSCN/ H2O 5.5 M KSCN/ H2O 5.5 M KSCN/ H2O 0.12 M NaBr/H2O +0.005 % methyl cellulose

Ni2+/0

25

(8.7·10–15)

DCP

70Nis

Ni2+/0

-

(3.2·10–12)

DCP

61deM

Ni2+/0

-

(3.1·10–12)

DCP

61deM

Ni2+/0

-

(3.0·10–12)

DCP

61deM

Ni2+/0

-

(3.2·10–12)

DCP

61deM

Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0

25 25

(2.0·10–14) (1.6·10–17)

DCP DCP

56Mor 56Mor

Ni2+/0

25

(2.5·10–18)

DCP

56Mor

Ni2+/0

25

(2.0·10–14)

DCP

55Mor

Ni2+/0

25

(2.0·10–14)

DCP

56Mat

Ni2+/0

25

(1.6·10–17)

DCP

55Mor

Ni2+/0

25

(1.6·10–17)

DCP

56Mat

Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0

25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

2.9·10–4 2.5·10–4 1.5·10–4 3.2·10–4 3.4·10–4 3.8·10–4 3.1·10–4 4.2·10–4 2.5·10–4 (1.0·10–13)

DCP CV CV CV DCP CV DCP CV DCP DCP

67Gal 67Gal 67Gal 67Gal 67Gal 67Gal 67Gal 67Gal 67Gal 58Ima

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

331

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.18 M NaBr/H2O +0.005 % methyl cellulose 0.24 M NaBr/H2O +0.005 % methyl cellulose 0.18 M NaClO4 +0.02 M KSCN/H2O 0.16 M NaClO4 +0.04 M KSCN/H2O 0.13 M NaClO4 +0.07 M KSCN/H2O 0.18 M NaI/H2O, +0.005 % methyl cellulose 0.24 M NaI/H2O, +0.005 % methyl cellulose 0.12 M NaCl/H2O, +0.005 % methyl cellulose 0.18 M NaCl/H2O, +0.005 % methyl cellulose 0.24 M NaCl/H2O, +0.005 % methyl cellulose 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O, saturated with β-naphthol 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O, saturated with camphor 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O +2 mM n-octyl alcohol 1 M NaClO4/H2O 2 M NaClO4/H2O 3 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O +0.01 % polyacrylamide

Ni2+/0

25

(4.0·10–13)

DCP

58Ima

Ni2+/0

25

(2.7·10–12)

DCP

58Ima

Ni2+/0

25

0.25·10–4

DCP

67Gal

Ni2+/0

25

0.63·10–4

DCP

67Gal

Ni2+/0

25

2.3·10–4

DCP

67Gal

Ni2+/0

25

(7.0·10–13)

DCP

58Ima

Ni2+/0

25

(8.0·10–12)

DCP

58Ima

Ni2+/0

25

(1.0·10–13)

DCP

58Ima

Ni2+/0

25

(5.0·10–13)

DCP

58Ima

Ni2+/0

25

(2.7·10–12)

DCP

58Ima

Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0

25 25

(1.22·10–9) (7.17·10–12)

DCP DCP

58Lai 58Lai

Ni2+/0

25

(1.09·10–16)

DCP

58Lai

Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0

25 25

(5.14·10–9) (6.06·10–16)

DCP DCP

58Lai 58Lai

Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0

25 25 25 25

(8.05·10–9) (3.53·10–8) (1.69·10–9) 3.3·10–9

DCP DCP DCP DCP

58Lai 58Lai 58Lai 60Oki

332

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

0.1 M TBAP /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetone 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dichloromethane 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dichloroethane 0.1 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TBAP 52) /PC 113) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O, pH=2 with HClO4 1 M KCl/H2O, pH=2 1 M KF/H2O, saturated with PbF2 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O, pH=2 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KI/H2O, pH=2 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O, pH=2 with HClO4 1 M KNO3/H2O, pH=2 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M NaBr/H2O 1 M NaCl/H2O 0.9 M NaClO4+0.1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O

[Ni(cp)2]0/+

22

0.71

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2]0/+

22

0.55

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2]0/+

22

0.4

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2]0/+

22

0.25

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2]0/+

22

0.14

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2]0/+

22

0.1

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2]0/+

22

0.055

ACP

96Win

Os(bipy)32 + / +

25

0.15

GD

75Saj1

Os(bipy)3+ / 0

25

0.25

GD

75Saj1

Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0

25 22

0.9 0.2

IP FR

65Bie 58Bar1

Pb2+/0, 2·10–5 M Pb2+/0, 2·10–5 M

22 22

(>0.2) (>5)

FR FR

61Bar1 61Bar1

Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0, 1.5·10–3 M Pb2+/0, 2·10–5 M Pb2+/0, 1.2·10–3 M Pb2+/0, 2.4·10–3 M Pb2+/0, 2·10–5 M Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0

25 25 27 22 32 32 22 25 22

>1 >1 0.96 (>0.2) 5.2 7.7 (>0.2) >1 0.8

ACP ACP FR IP FR FR FR ACP FR

61Kam 61Kam 71Aga 61Bar1 71Aga 71Aga 61Bar1 61Kam 58Bar1

Pb2+/0

22

(>0.8)

FR

61Bar1

Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0, 1.5·10–3 Pb2+/0, 3·10–3 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0

25 28 28 25 25 25

>1 0.59 1.0 0.48 0.17 0.06

ACP FR FR IP IP IP

61Kam 71Aga 71Aga 70Mou 70Mou 70Mou

Pb2+/0, 1.2·10–3 Pb2+/0, 2.4·10–3

37 37

10.2 13.5

FR FR

71Aga 71Aga

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=2 with HClO4 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=2 1 M NaN3/H2O Na6P6O18/H2O 117) Na6P6O18/H2O Na6P6O18/H2O Na6P6O18/H2O 1 M Na2CO3/H2O 1 M Na2CO3/H2O 0.2 M KPF6/H2O

Pb2+/0

22

3.35

FR

58Bar1

Pb2+/0

22

(3.3)

FR

61Bar1

Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pu(IV)/Pu(III),(r) Pu(IV)/Pu(III),(r)

25 27 32 42 52 25 25 25

0.23 2.0·10–9 1.3·10–8 1.7·10–8 2.2·10–7 10–4.3 10–4.6 (5.0·10–2)

IP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP OC CV

70Mou 61Pam 61Pam 61Pam 61Pam 70Cas 70Cas 80Bar1

0.45

CV

88Wip

0.1 M CF3COONa/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O +0.001 % gelatin 0.1 M NaOH/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

333

2 + /3 + Ru aq

Ru(NH 3 ) 36+ / 2 +

[Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+

T 4)

-

Ru(bipy)32 + / +

20 25

50...79 0.1

TPF GD

85Iwa 75Saj1

Ru(bipy)3+ /0

25

0.25

GD

75Saj1

Ru(bipy)30 / –

25

0.22

GD

75Saj1

Sb3+/0

25

8.7·10–5

DCP

63Fuz

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(5.0·10–15)

DCP

71Sad

0.1 M NaOH/H2O TeO 66 – , +10 vol% methanol 0.5 mM H6TeO6 0.1 M NaOH/H2O TeO 66 – , +20 vol% methanol 0.5 mM H6TeO6 0.1 M NaOH/H2O TeO 66 – , +30 vol% methanol 0.5 mM H TeO 6 6 0.1 M NaOH/H2O TeO 66 – , +40 vol% methanol 0.5 mM H6TeO6 0.1 M NaOH/H2O TeO 66 – , +50 vol% methanol 0.5 mM H6TeO6 0.1 M NaOH/H2O TeO 66 – , +10 vol% ethanol 0.5 mM H TeO 6 6 0.1 M NaOH/H2O TeO 66 – , +20 vol% ethanol 0.5 mM H6TeO6 0.1 M NaOH/H2O TeO 66 – , +30 vol% ethanol 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(1.2·10–14)

DCP

71Sad

-

(6.9·10–17)

DCP

71Sad

-

(6.3·10–21)

DCP

71Sad

-

(1.25·10–21)

DCP

71Sad

-

(7.9·10–24)

DCP

71Sad

-

(6.2·10–17)

DCP

71Sad

-

(3.2·10–18)

DCP

71Sad

-

(1.15·10–20)

DCP

71Sad

334

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

Hg

0.1 M NaOH/H2O +40 vol% ethanol

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(3.16·10–23)

DCP

71Sad

0.1 M NaOH/H2O +50 vol% ethanol

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(1.8·10–25)

DCP

71Sad

0.1 M NaOH/H2O +10 vol% n-propanol 0.1 M NaOH/H2O +20 vol% n-propanol 0.1 M NaOH/H2O +30 vol% n-propanol 0.1 M NaOH/H2O +40 vol% n-propanol 0.1 M NaOH/H2O +50 vol% n-propanol 0.1 M NaOH/H2O +10 vol% dioxane

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(1.6·10–17)

DCP

71Sad

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(4.0·10–22)

DCP

71Sad

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(2.0·10–24)

DCP

71Sad

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(8.7·10–29)

DCP

71Sad

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(4.5·10–31)

DCP

71Sad

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(5.5·10–17)

DCP

71Sad

0.1 M NaOH/H2O +20 vol% dioxane

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(7.2·10–21)

DCP

71Sad

0.1 M NaOH/H2O +30 vol% dioxane

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6

-

(5.0·10–22)

DCP

71Sad

0.1 M NaOH/H2O +40 vol% dioxane

TeO 66 – , 0.5 mM H6TeO6 Ti4+/3+

-

(8.3·10–26)

DCP

71Sad

7.8·10–4

DCP

60Str 118)

Ti4+/3+

1617 25

(1.24...3.2)

DCP

63Wol

Ti4+/3+

25

0.046

ACP

63Smi

Ti3+/4+ Ti4+/3+

25 30

0.009 4.1...7.2·10–3

IP ACP

52Ran2 58Del

Ti4+/3+

-

1.7·10–3

IP

64Lai

0.23 M HCl/H2O +0.005 wt% gelatin 0.8 M NaCl/H2O +0.002 wt% Triton X-30S 0.2 M oxalic acid +0.04 M KClO4/H2O 1 M tartaric acid/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.1 M NaCl/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4/H2O

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

335

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.1 mM camphor/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.15 mM camphor/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.2 mM camphor/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.25 mM camphor/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.3 mM camphor/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.35 mM camphor/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.45 mM camphor/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.1 mM thymol/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.2 mM thymol/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.3 mM thymol/H2O 1 M tartaric acid +0.2 M Na2SO4 +0.4 mM thymol/H2O 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O, pH=2

Ti4+/3+

-

1.6·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

1.6·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

1.6·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

0.9·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

0.5·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

0.3·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

0.2·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

1.1·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

0.5·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

0.1·10–3

IP

64Lai

Ti4+/3+

-

0.09·10–3

IP

64Lai

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Ti(bipy)30 / –

25

0.5

GD

75Saj1

Tl+/0 Tl+/0

36 22

5.0 0.15

FR FR

71Aga 58Bar1

336

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

1 M KCl/H2O, pH=2 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O, pH=2 1 M KNO3/H2O, pH=2 0.5 M KSO4/H2O, pH=2 0.5 M KSO4/H2O, pH=2 0.5 M KSO4/H2O 0.5 M KSO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=2 1 M NaClO4/H2O, pH=2 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 3 M NaClO4+0.05 M HClO4/H2O 1 M Na2CO3/H2O 1 M Na2CO3/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O

Tl+/0 Tl+/0, 0.1 mM Tl+/0, 1.05·10–3 Tl+/0, 2.1·10–3 Tl+/0, 1.05·10–3 Tl+/0, 0.1 mM

22 22 36 36 36 22

>0.15 4.1 3.5 2.5 0.69 >0.3

FR FR FR FR FR FR

61Bar1 61Bar1 71Aga 71Aga 71Aga 61Bar1

Tl+/0, 0.1 mM

22

0.3

FR

58Bar1

Tl+/0, 0.1 mM

22

>3.1

FR

61Bar1

Tl+/0

22

3.1

FR

58Bar1

Tl+/0, 1.05·10–3 Tl+/0, 2.1·10–3 Tl+/0, 0.1 mM

36 36 22

3.5 7.4 >1.2

FR FR FR

71Aga 71Aga 61Bar1

Tl+/0

22

1.2

FR

58Bar1

Tl+/0, 1.05·10–3 Tl+/0, 2.1·10–3 Tl0/+, 4.3·10–5 M

36 36 20

3.4 8.3 1.5·10–4

FR FR CP

71Aga 71Aga 67Los

U(VI)/U(V), (r) U(V)/U(V), (r)

22 22 25

1·10–4 8.9·10–5 (2.14·10–2)

DCP OC OC

70Cas 70Cas 61Gok

0.1 M H3PO4/H2O 1 M H3PO4/H2O 1.85 M H3PO4/H2O 5 M H3PO4/H2O 10 M H3PO4/H2O 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaCO3 +NaClO4/H2O 0.05...1 M LiOH/H2O

U(VI),(r) U(VI),(r) U(VI),(r) U(VI),(r) U(VI),(r) U(VI),(r) U(VI),(r) U(VI),(r) [UO2(CO3)2(O2)]4– /[UO2(CO3)3]5– [UO2(OH)3(H2O)3]– /[UO2(OH)3(H2O)3]2– U(V)/U(IV)

25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

(9·10–7...2.9·10–3) (1.5·10–7...5·10–3) (2.4·10–2...0.15) (12...113) (1.2...28180) (1.71·10–3) (4.8...7.47·10–3) (3.16) (2.5·10–8)

DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP DCP

72Iss2 72Iss2 72Iss2 72Iss2 72Iss2 72Iss1 72Iss1 72Iss1 68Zut

25

3.5·10–2

DCP

70Zut

2 + /3 + Vaq

25 25

(4.0·10–8) 0.004

DCP IP

71Sip 52Ran2

1 M HClO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

14

0.0036

IP

59Ran

1 M HClO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

0.0022

IP

59Ran

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

1.45·10–3

PS

69Nik

4 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O

UO 22 + , (r)

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

1.04·10–3

DCP

69Nik

0.5 M H2SO4/+ 3.44 mM nbutylalcohol/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/+ 6.9 mM nbutylalcohol/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/+ 13.8 mM nbutylalcohol/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/+1 mM n-amylalcohol/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/+2 mM n-amylalcohol/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/+4 mM n-amylalcohol/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/+ 0.213 mM n-hexylalcohol/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/+ 0.43 mM n-hexylalcohol/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/+ 0.85 mM n-hexylalcohol/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

1.25·10–4

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

1.03·10–3

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

8.0·10–4

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

1.23·10–3

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

9.9·10–4

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

6.1·10–4

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

1.25·10–3

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

1.0·10–4

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

5.4·10–4

PS

69Nik

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

0.0014

IP

59Ran

2 + /3 + 0.5 M K-oxalate/H2O Vaq

25

0.0014

IP

52Ran2

0.1 M KPF6/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

(3.0·10–2)

CV

80Bar1

0.4 M KPF6/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

(7.0·10–2)

CV

80Bar1

3+/2+

V V3+/2+ V3+/2+ V3+/2+

24 24 25 25

0.0044 0.0057 0.0036 0.00436

OC CP IP IP

65Sri 65Sri 67Ell 67Ell

V3+/2+

25

0.00469

IP

67Ell

V3+/2+ V3+/2+ V3+/2+ V3+/2+

20 14.2 25 20 25

0.004 0.0022 0.00364 0.0032 0.00336

IP DCP,IP DCP,IP IP IP

52Ran2 59Ran 59Ran 61Jos 71Bie

1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.02 M HClO4+ 0.2 M NaClO4/H2O 0.02 M HClO4 +1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M HClO4/ H2O 1 M HClO4/ H2O 1 M HClO4/ H2O 1 M HClO4/ H2O 1 M NH2SO3H/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

337

3 + /2 + Vaq

T 4)

338

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

1 M NH2SO3H /NMF 88) 1 M NaClO4 +0.2 M HClO4 +0.01 M (NH4)2SO4/H2O 5 M NaClO4 +0.2 M HClO4 +0.01 M (NH4)2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/ H2O

3 + /2 + Vaq

25

0.00116

IP

71Bie

3 + /2 + Vaq

25

0.0048

ACP

68Ran

3 + /2 + Vaq

25

0.0077

ACP

68Ran

3 + /2 + Vaq

25

0.00145

PS

71Nik

1 M H2SO4/ H2O

3 + /2 + Vaq

15.3 0.00139

59Ran

1 M H2SO4/ H2O

3 + /2 + Vaq

15

0.00103

DCP, IP DCP

0.2 M Bu4NClO2/DMF 0.2 M Bu4NClO2/DMF 0.2 M Bu4NClO2/DMF 0.25 M CsSO4/H2O 1 M KBr/H2O 1 M KBr+2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M KBr+2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 2.88 M KBr+2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 2.88 M KBr+2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 0.1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O, pH=3

V(bipy)32 + / +

25

0.35

GD

75Saj1

V(bipy)3+ / 0

25

1.2

GD

75Saj1

V(bipy)30 / –

25

0.66

GD

75Saj1

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 4 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 4 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 4 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

22 25 25

4.1·10–4 8.0·10–3 10.5·10–3

DCP ACP DCP

62Kor 61Kam 62Tam

25

10.5·10–3

DCP

63Tam

25

4.8·10–3

DCP

62Tam

25

4.8·10–3

DCP

63Tam

1 23 38.5 50 19 34 48 25 25 15 27.5 37.5 49.5 25

5.2·10–3 1.23·10–2 1.55·10–2 3.24·10–2 1.58·10–2 1.78·10–2 3.31·10–2 3.1·10–3 4.0·10–3 3.5·10–3 4.7·10–3 7.7·10–3 9.8·10–3 4.0·10–3

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP OP ACP CP CP CP CP DCP

61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 55Mat 61Kam 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 67Tim

62Ran

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

339

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M KCl+ 2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M KCl+ 2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M KCl+ 2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.1...1 M ZnL +KCl/H2O 119) 0.1...1 M ZnL+ KCl/H2O 119) 1 M KI/H2O 0.1 M KNO3+ 0.1...2 M ethylenediamine+0.02 % gelatin/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 0.1 M KNO3/H2O 0.1 M KNO3/H2O 0.1 M KNO3/H2O 0.1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 3 M KNO3/H2O 3 M KNO3+0.002 % gelatin/H2O 3 M KNO3+0.004% gelatin/H2O 3 M KNO3+0.006 % gelatin/H2O 3 M KNO3+0.008 % gelatin/H2O 3 M KNO3+0.01 % gelatin/H2O 1 M KNO3+2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M KNO3+2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 2 M KOH+KCl/H2O 1 M KSCN/H2O 0.25 M K2SO4/H2O 0.1 M LaCl3/H2O 0.25 M Li2SO4/H2O 0.25...2.8 M NH4Cl +NH3/H2O

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0

25

7.0·10–3

DCP

62Tam

25

7.0·10–3

DCP

63Tam

25

3.4·10–3

IP

59Tam

Zn2+/0

-

3.4·10–5

DCP

62Mat

ZnL2/0

-

3.4·10–4

DCP

62Mat

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25 25

7.0·10–2 1.0·10–4

ACP DCP

61Kam 56Mor

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0, 2 mM ZnCl2 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25 10.5 24 36.5 50 21 36 54 25 25 25

3.5·10–3 1.7·10–2 1.32·10–2 2.82·10–2 3.34·10–2 0.4·10–2 0.46·10–2 1.2·10–2 3.9·10–3 3.25·10–3 6.0·10–3

ACP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP PS OC OC

61Kam 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 61Riu 63Tos 58Ima 58Ima

Zn2+/0

25

7.5·10–3

OC

58Ima

Zn2+/0

25

8.7·10–3

OC

58Ima

Zn2+/0

25

5.1·10–3

OC

58Ima

Zn2+/0

25

4.25·10–3

OC

58Ima

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25

5.4·10–3

DCP

62Tam

25

5.4·10–3

DCP

63Tam

25 25 22 22 22 25

5.1·10–4 1.7·10–2 1.3·10–3 2.5·10–3 2.4·10–3 1.3·10–5

DCP ACP DCP DCP DCP DCP

59Mat2 61Kam 62Kor 62Kor 62Kor 59Mat2

340

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

1 M (NH4)2SO4 +NH3/H2O x M NH4OH +x M NH4/Cl +(3-x) M NaCl/H2O 1 M NaBr/H2O 0.55 M NaCl +1 mM HCl/H2O 0.55 M NaCl+0.01 M borate buffer/H2O 1 M NaCl/H2O 3 M NaCl+KOH/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +0.1 mM HClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.1 mM HClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.75 M NaClO4 +0.1 mM HClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.9 M NaClO4/H2O 0.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M NaCl +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M NaCl +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M NaI +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.9 M NaClO4 +0.1 M NaI +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.99 M NaClO4 +0.01 M KCl +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.99 M NaClO4 +0.01 M KCl +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.99 M NaClO4 +0.01 M NaI +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.99 M NaClO4 +0.01 M NaI +2 μM LEO/H2O 98)

Zn2+/0

25

Zn2+/0

-

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

6.3·10–5

OP

59Ima

1 .. 2.9·10–5

DCP

68Pop

25 25

7.7·10–3 0.005

IP DCP

70Mou 71Ruz

Zn2+/0

25

0.0086

DCP

71Ruz

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25 25

3.9·10–3 1.7...3.6·10–5 11.9·10–3

IP DCP DCP

70Mou 68Pop 69Tan2

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

5.3·10–3

DCP

69Tan2

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

3.4·10–3

DCP

69Tan2

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25 25

1.02 3.3·10–3

IP DCP

53Ger2 62Tam

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

3.3·10–3

DCP

63Tam

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

4.7·10–3

DCP

62Tam

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

4.7·10–3

DCP

63Tam

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

2.8·10–3

DCP

62Tam

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

2.8·10–3

DCP

63Tam

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

2.7·10–3

DCP

62Tam

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

2.7·10–3

DCP

63Tam

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

341

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M NaClO4 /H2O, acidifed 1 M NaClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +0.1 mM HClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +0.1 mM HClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +0.1 mM HClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 1 M NaClO4 +0.1 mM HClO4 +2 μM LEO/H2O 98) 0.014 M NaNO3/H2O 0.1 M NaNO3/H2O 0.1 M NaNO3+0.05 M (CH3)4NCl/H2O 0.1 M NaNO3+0.05 M (C2H5)4NCl/H2O 0.1 M NaNO3+0.05 M (C4H9)4NCl/H2O 0.105 M NaNO3/H2O 0.2 M NaNO3/H2O 0.25 M NaNO3/H2O 0.35 M NaNO3/H2O 0.49 M NaNO3/H2O

Zn0/2+, 1 mM

20

5.7·10–4

CP

67Los

0

3.3·10–4

DCP

62Tam

0

3.3·10–4

DCP

63Tam

15

1.54·10–3

DCP

62Tam

15

1.54·10–3

DCP

63Tam

25

4.0·10–3

DCP

62Tam

25

4.0·10–3

DCP

63Tam

35

5.2·10–3

DCP

62Tam

35

5.2·10–3

DCP

63Tam

DCP

69Tan2

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2 Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

T 4)

0.3 0.64·10–3

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

15

1.6·10–3

DCP

69Tan2

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

25

2.6·10–3

DCP

69Tan2

Zn2+/0, 1 mM Zn(NO3)2

35

4.29·10–3

DCP

69Tan2

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

22 22

5.0·10–2 5.0·10–2 1.5·10–3

PP DCP DCP

66Chr 62Kor 62Kor

Zn2+/0

22

1.3·10–3

DCP

62Kor

Zn2+/0

22

1.3·10–3

DCP

62Kor

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25 22 -

2.0·10–2 1.5·10–2 2.0·10–2 6.5·10–3 4.1·10–3

PP DCP DCP PP PP

66Chr 71Ruz 62Kor 66Chr 66Chr

342

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Hg

0.5 M NaNO3/H2O 0.5 M NaNO3 +0.5 mM HNO3/H2O 0.75 M NaNO3/H2O 1 M NaNO3/H2O 1 M NaNO3/H2O 1.05 M NaNO3/H2O 2.45 M NaNO3/H2O 4 M NaNO3 +NaL/H2O 120) 4 M NaNO3 +NaL/H2O 120) 4 M NaNO3 +NaL/H2O 120) 0.05...0.2 M NaNO3 +NaL/H2O 121) 0.05...0.2 M NaNO3 +NaL/H2O 121) 0.05...0.2 M NaNO3 +NaL/H2O 121) 1 M NaN3/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 0.25 M Na2SO4/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4 +1 mM H2SO4 0.5 M Na2SO4 +1 mM H2SO4 +n-butanol/H2O 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) acetate buffer/H2O, pH=3.9 0.1 M TEAP 74) /acetone 0.1 M TEAP 74) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TPAP 74) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetonitrile 0.1 M THxAP 122) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TOAP 123) /acetonitrile

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

22 25

5.4·10–3 4.4·10–3

DCP PS

62Kor 69Tan1

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

22 22 25 25

3.3·10–3 2.8·10–3 0.31·10–2 3.2·10–3 2.4·10–3 1.8·10–4

DCP DCP DCP PP PP DCP

62Kor 62Kor 71Ruz 66Chr 66Chr 63Mat

ZnL+/0

25

4.4·10–3

DCP

63Mat

ZnL3–/0

25

6.2·10–4

DCP

63Mat

Zn2+/0

25

1.15·10–5

DCP

71Aya

ZnL+/0

25

0.99·10–3

DCP

71Aya

ZnL2/0

25

1.0·10–5

DCP

71Aya

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25 25 20 22 22

7.4·10–3 7.4·10–5 1.8·10–4 2.4·10–3 2.08·10–3

IP ACP DCP DCP CP

70Mou 61Kam 62Beh 62Kor 62Bat

Zn2+/0

22

9.0·10–4

DCP

65Sat

benzoquinone (r)

25

0.0052

CV

73Cap

benzoquinone (r)

-

(1.4·10–3)

CP

63Hal

benzophenone (r)

22

2.0

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

2.7

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

1.03

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

0.42

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

0. 21

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

0. 11

IP

93Faw

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.1 M TEAP 74) /propionitrile 0.1 M TEAP 74) /dimethylacetamide 0.1 M TEAP 74) /dimethylsulfoxide 0.1 M TEAP 74) /HMPA 124) 0.1 M TEAP 74) /PC 113) acetate buffer /H2O, pH=3.9 acetate buffer /methanol, pH=3.9 acetate buffer /methanol, pH=3.9 acetate buffer /methanol, pH=3.9 acetate buffer /methanol, pH=3.9 acetate buffer /methanol, pH=3.9 acetate buffer /ethanol, pH=3.9 acetate buffer /ethanol, pH=3.9 acetate buffer/DMF +H2O, pH=3.9 54) phosphate buffer /H2O, pH=6.75

benzophenone (r)

22

1.82

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

0.51

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

0.31

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

0.11

IP

93Faw

benzophenone (r)

22

0.18

IP

93Faw

1,4-naphthaquinone(r) benzoquinone (r)

-

(1.6·10–3)

CP

63Hal

-

(1.1·10–3)

CP

63Hal

1,4-naphthaquinone(r) 1,2-benzanthraquinone (r) anthraquinone (r)

-

(1.4·10–3)

CP

63Hal

-

(2.2·10–3)

CP

63Hal

-

(2.8·10–3)

CP

63Hal

9,10-phenanthraquinone (r) benzoquinone (r)

-

(0.5·10–3)

CP

63Hal

-

(0.7·10–3)

CP

63Hal

1,4-naphthaquinone(r) anthraquinone (r)

-

(1.5·10–3)

CP

63Hal

-

(0.2·10–3)

CP

63Hal

1-oxo-10-methyl1.10-dihydrophenazine (r) tetramethylparaphenylene diamine (o) p-dicyanobenzene

25

0.5

IP

52Ran2

25

0.5

IP

52Ran2

22

0.95

ACP

96Win

p-dicyanobenzene

22

0.75

ACP

96Win

p-dicyanobenzene

22

0.54

ACP

96Win

p-dicyanobenzene

22

0.27

ACP

96Win

p-dicyanobenzene

22

0.14

ACP

96Win

phosphate buffer /H2O, pH=6.75 0.05 M TBAP /acetonitrile 0.05 M TBAP 52) /acetone 0.05 M TBAP 52) /dichloromethane 0.05 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.05 M TBAP 52) /PC 113)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

343

T 4)

344

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Molybdenum (Mo)

0.001 N HCl/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.001 N NaOH/H2O 0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/ H2O 1 M NaOH/ H2O 1 M NaOH/ H2O 1 M NaOH/ H2O 1 M NaOH/ H2O 1 M H2SO4+0.01 M MgSO4/H2O 0.5 N H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 N NaOH/H2O 0.2 M HCl/H2O, pH=0.67 2 M HCl/H2O, pH=0.67 1 M HCl+1 M KCl /H2O, pH=0 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O, pH=0.8 1 M H2SO4/H2O, pH=0 1.5 M KCl+0.2 M HCl/H2O, pH=0.6 2 M KCl/H2O, pH=6 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M Na2SO4/H2O, pH=5.9 0.5 M NiSO4+acetate buffer/H2O, pH=2.3 0.5 M NiSO4+acetate buffer/H2O, pH=4.4 0.5 M NiSO4+acetate buffer/H2O, pH=5.5 0.5 M NiSO4+acetate buffer/H2O, pH=6.7 0.5 M NiSO4+acetate buffer/H2O, pH=7.9 1.33 M NaOH +1.95 M NaNO3/H2O

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution Fe2+/3+, 0.05 M

25 25 25 25 25 25 25

10–7.12 10–7.19 10–6.45 10–7.27 10–6.42 10–6.37 5.4·10–6 79·10–6 70·10–6 32·10–6 13·10–6 3.3·10–6 7.5·10–5

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP

57Pen 57Pen 57Pen 57Pen 57Pen 57Pen 00Jak 00Jak 00Jak 00Jak 00Jak 00Jak 64Mak 125)

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 Ni2+/0, 10 mM

-

10–5.22 10–5.3 10–6.1 1.7·10–9

CP CP CP CP

64Boc3 67Man 64Boc3 59Hol

Ni2+/0, 10 mM

-

1.1·10–8

CP

59Hol

Ni2+/0, 10 mM

-

6.9·10–9

CP

59Hol

Ni2+/0, 5 mM

-

2.4·10–9

CP

59Hol

Ni2+/0, 5 mM

-

8.3·10–10

CP

59Hol

Ni2+/0, 10 mM

-

1.7·10–9

CP

59Hol

Ni2+/0, 10 mM Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0, 5 mM

25 -

1.0·10–8 (2.74·10–4) 4.2·10–8

CP CP CP

59Hol 63Mac 59Hol

Ni2+/0

35

1.0·10–6

GCI

47Sal

Ni2+/0

35

1.0·10–6

GCI

47Sal

Ni2+/0

35

1.0·10–7

GCI

47Sal

Ni2+/0

35

1.0·10–5

GCI

47Sal

Ni2+/0

35

1.0·10–5

GCI

47Sal

NO 3– /NO

25

4.17·10–7

CV

96Boc 126)

MoNi MoNi2 MoNi3 MoNi4 Nickel (Ni)

Ni(Hg)

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Niobium (Nb) 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O

Platinum (Pt)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

1 M KF/H2O 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) HCl-buffer/H2O, pH=1.1 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=3.0 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=5.0 3 M HClO4/H2O 3 M HClO4/H2O 3 M HClO4/H2O 3 M HClO4/H2O 3 M HClO4/H2O

T 4)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 1 N

25 40 55 25 40 55 25

2.0·10–7 4.0·10–7 1.0·10–6 5.0·10–7 1.0·10–6 3.0·10–6 1.9·10–7

CP CP CP CP CP CP GCI 127)

63Rot 63Rot 63Rot 63Rot 63Rot 63Rot 65Koz

20

0.75

TPF

88Boc

20

1.23

TPF

88Boc 128)

25

0.012

SS

68Boc2

25

0.006

SS

68Boc2

20

0.5

Palladium (Pd) 0.4 M K2SO4+0.01 N Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + H2SO4/H2O 0.4 M K2SO4+0.01 N Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + ; 0.1M 1 M H2SO4/H2O Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + ; 0.01M 1 N H2SO4/H2O Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.1 N HCl/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.001 N NaOH/H2O 0.01 N NaOH/H2O 0.1 N NaOH/H2O 1 M HBr +3 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M HCl +3 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M KOH/H2O

345

+

RDE

83Vie

–4.18

H /H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 Pd2+/0, 0.05 M

25

10 10–3.25 10–3.0 10–5.9 10–3.1 10–5.88 10–5.56 10–5.01 3.9·10–5

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP GM

57Pen 57Pen 65Mat 67Man 61Shi 57Pen 57Pen 57Pen 66Kra1

Pd2+/0, 0.1 M

25

4.8·10–5

GM

66Kra2

MnO 4–/2 –

20

0.67·10–2

CP,GS 67Thi1

[Ru(NH3)6] benzoquinone (r)

20 25

97 0.0057

TPF CV

85Iwa 73Cap

hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM Ce4+/3+, 3 mM Ce4+/3+, 6 mM Ce4+/3+, 3 mM Ce4+/3+, 6 mM Ce4+/3+, 3 mM

25

1.9·10–4

CF

62Tom 77)

25

2.5·10–5

CF

62Tom 77)

25

4.8·10–5

CF

62Tom 77)

0 0 0 0 20

0.72·10–9 2.9·10–9 0.25·10–9 1.0·10–9 0.5·10–9

RT RT IP IP IP

56Fro1 56Fro1 56Fro2 56Fro2 56Fro2

3+/2+

346

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Pt

3 M HClO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4 +0.2 M KNO3/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4 +1 M KNO3/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4+0.01 M KAl(SO4)2/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4+0.1 M KAl(SO4)2/H2O 1 M HNO3/H2O 2 M HNO3/H2O 4 M HNO3/H2O 7 M HNO3/H2O 10 M HNO3/H2O 1 M HNO3/H2O 0.025 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.05 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.25 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 1 M NH4Cl +1 M NH3/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M KPF6 +5 mM NaI/H2O 7 M NH3+1 mM NH4Cl/H2O 7 M NH3+1 mM NH4Cl/H2O 7 M NH3+0.2 M NH4Cl/H2O 7 M NH3+0.2 M NH4Cl/H2O 7 M NH3 +1 M NH4Cl/H2O 7 M NH3 +1 M NH4Cl/H2O 7 M NH3+0.1 M (NH4)2SO4/H2O

Ce4+/3+, 6 mM Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+ Ce4+/3+, 1 mM Ce4+/3+, 1 mM Ce4+/3+, 1 mM

20 25 25 25 25 25

2.0·10–9 3.7·10–4 3.7·10–4 43.5·10–6 40.5·10–6 17.4·10–6

IP RDE CP CP CP CP

56Fro2 63Gal 63Ada 51Vet 51Vet 51Vet

Ce4+/3+, 1 mM

25

15.8·10–6

CP

51Vet

Ce4+/3+, 1 mM

25

17.3·10–6

CP

51Vet

Ce4+/3+, 1 mM

25

11.7·10–6

CP

51Vet

Ce4+/3+, 1 mM Ce4+/3+, 1 mM Ce4+/3+, 1 mM Ce4+/3+, 1 mM Ce4+/3+, 1 mM Ce4+/3+, 10 mM [Co(cp)2] (o)

25 25 25 25 25 25 -

28.1·10–6 25.9·10–6 15.5·10–6 10.6·10–6 5.5·10–6 56.23·10–6 0.4

CP CP CP CP CP CP ACP

51Vet 51Vet 51Vet 51Vet 51Vet 51Vet 93Win

[Co(cp)2] (o)

-

0.37

ACP

93Win

[Co(cp)2] (o)

-

0.31

ACP

93Win

[Co(cp)2] (o)

-

0.3

ACP

93Win

[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (r)

25

4.5·10–6

CF

70Suz

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25 25

(2.0·10–4) (2.0·10–4)

RDE RDE

80Bar1 80Bar1

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(2.3·10–3)

RDE

69Bar2

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(1.33·10–4)

RDE

71Bar1

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(2.3·10–3)

RDE

69Bar2

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(2.3·10–3)

RDE

71Bar1

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(5.25·10–4)

RDE

69Bar2

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(5.25·10–4)

RDE

71Bar1

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(7.2·10–4)

RDE

69Bar2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

347

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

7 M NH3+0.1 M (NH4)2SO4/H2O 7 M NH3+0.5 M (NH4)2SO4/H2O 7 M NH3+0.5 M (NH4)2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M KPF6 +5 mM NaI /H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +5 mM HClO4 +5 mM NaI/H2O 1 M KBr +0.1 M L/H2O L=ethylenediamine

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(7.2·10–4)

RDE

71Bar1

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(2.1·10–4)

RDE

69Bar2

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+

25

(2.1·10–4)

RDE

71Bar1

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]OH23+/2+ [Co(NH3)5]OH23+/2+

25 25 25 25 25

(1.5·10–3) (2.0·10–3) (5.0·10–4) (∼5.0·10–2) (∼0.1)

RDE RDE RDE RDE RDE

80Bar1 80Bar1 80Bar1 80Bar1 80Bar1

[Co(NH3)5]OH23+/2+ [Co(NH3)5]Cl2+/1+

25 24

(∼5.0·10–2) (7.0·10–3)

RDE PP

80Bar1 84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5]Cl2+/1+

24

(1.5·10–7)

PP

84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5]Br2+/1+

24

(2.0·10–2)

PP

84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5]Cl2+/1+

24

(4.0·10–8)

PP

84Bar2

[Co(NH3)5] NCS2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5] NCS2+/1+ cis-([Co(NH3)4] Cl2)2+/1+ cis-([Co(NH3)4] Cl2)2+/1+

24

(4.0·10–4)

PP

84Bar2

24

(2.0·10–4)

PP

84Bar2

24

(2.5·10–2)

PP

84Bar2

24

(1.0·10–5)

PP

84Bar2

cis-([Co(en)2]Cl2)2+/1+ 24

(3.0·10–4)

PP

84Bar2 63)

cis-([Co(en)2]Cl2)2+/1+ 24

(4.0·10–6)

PP

84Bar2 63)

cis-([Co(en)2] (NCS)2)2+/1+ cis-([Co(en)2] (NCS)2)2+/1+

24

(1.0·10–4)

PP

84Bar2 63)

24

(1.5·10–4)

PP

84Bar2 63)

CoL33+/2+

25

0.62·10–2

CP, RDE

69Bar3, 70Bar5

348

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Pt

1 M KCl +0.1 M L/H2O L=ethylenediamine 1 M KCl +0.1 M L/H2O L=ethylenediamine 1 M KClO4 +0.1 M L/H2O L=ethylenediamine 1 N K2SO4 +0.1 M L/H2O L=ethylenediamine 1 M K2S2O3 +0.1 M L/H2O L=ethylenediamine 1 M KCl +0.1 M L/H2O L=1,2-propandiamine 1 M KCl +0.1 M L/H2O L=1,2-propandiamine 1 M KCl +0.1 M L/H2O L=2,3-butandiamine 1 M KCl +0.1 M L/H2O L=2,3-butandiamine 1 M KCl+0.1 M L/H2O L=1,2-cyclohexandiamine 1 M KCl+4 mM L/H2O L=1,10 phenanthroline 1 M KCl +0.1 M L/H2O L=diethylenetramine 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O

CoL33+/2+

25

2.1·10–2

CP, RDE

69Bar3, 70Bar5

CoL33+/2+, 1 mM

25

2.6

RDE

70Bar4

CoL33+/2+

25

2.9·10–2

CP

69Bar3

CoL33+/2+

25

2.9·10–2 1.64·10–2

RDE CP

70Bar5 69Bar3

CoL33+/2+

25 25

1.64·10–2 0.46·10–2

RDE CP

70Bar5 69Bar3

CoL33+/2+

25 25

0.46·10–2 1.4·10–2

RDE CP

70Bar5 69Bar3

CoL33+/2+, 1 mM

25

1.35

RDE

70Bar4

CoL33+/2+

25

1.04·10–2

CP

69Bar3

CoL33+/2+, 1 mM

25

1.04·10–2

RDE

70Bar4

CoL33+/2+

25

0.65·10–2

CP

69Bar3;

25

7.5·10–4

RDE

70Bar3

CoL33+/2+

25

4.8·10–2

CP

71Bar2

CoL33+/2+

25

7.7·10–2

CP

71Bar3

2 + /3 + Craq

25

(1.0·10–3)

RDE

80Bar1

0.5 M NaClO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq

25

(6.0·10 )

RDE

80Bar1

0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 1 N HCl/H2O

Cr(bipy)32 + / +

25

>0.5

GD

75Saj1

Cr(bipy)3+ / 0

25

0.88

GD

75Saj1

0.105

FR

74Aga

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

T 4)

-

–3

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.1 N HCl/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

4.4·10–3

RDE

72Stu

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

0.011

CF

62Jor

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 36+/2+

25

0.0076

CF

70Suz

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.01 M

-

0.001

CP,CH 70Bre

0.1 M HClO4+3 mM Th(ClO4)4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.01 M

-

0.0005

CP,CH 70Bre

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

7.6·10–3

CF

70Suz

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

22

4.8·10–3

CV

89Chu

0.1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

34.3

RDE

74Mom129)

0.5 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

(9·10–6)

RDE

78Web

1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

-

1·10

FR

74Aga

1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

0.22

RDE

62Jah

1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

0.005

IP

52Ran2

1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

9·10–3

RDE

72Ang

0.1 N HNO3/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

2.9·10

RDE

72Stu

0.01 M H2SO4+0.5 M Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + K2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

5·10–3

RDE

72Ang

25

1.3·10–3

RDE

72Stu

0.1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

4.3·10–3

RDE

63Gal

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 2 mM

25

3.3·10

–2

FR

63Aga1, 63Aga2

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 2 mM

30

3.8·10–2

FR

63Aga1, 63Aga2

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 2 mM

35

4.4·10–2

FR

63Aga1, 63Aga2

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 2 mM

40

5.0·10–2

FR

63Aga1, 63Aga2

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

35

4.8·10–2

FR

63Aga3

) Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

35

4.1·10

–2

FR

62Aga

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 131) Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

35

4.1·10–2

FR

62Aga

35

–2

FR

63Aga3

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

130

0.5 M H2SO4+0.4 M acetone/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

349

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

T 4)

–2

5.5·10

–3

350

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Pt

0.5 M H2SO4 +0.002% cetylpyridinium bromide/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

35

1.2·10–2

FR

63Aga3

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

7·10–3

RDE

72Ang

1 N H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

-

–2

FR

74Aga

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

0.0053

GM

61Ans 133)

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

0.29

CF

50Ger

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

1 M H2SO4/H2O

1F

132

) H2SO4/H2O

T 4)

5·10

2

25

4.63·10

CPS

60Wij3

20

5.2·10

2

CCS

60Wij3

4.3·10

–3

CP

63Ada

25

4.3·10

–3

RDE

63Gal

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.1 M

25

0.0011

SS

68Boc2

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 10 mM

25

0.0025

SS

68Boc2

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.004 M

1.0·10–4

RDE

96Tor

2 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

0.3

CF

50Ger

4 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

3.1·10

RDE

63Gal

0.4 M K2SO4 +0.01 M H2SO4/H2O 0.4 M K2SO4 +0.01 M H2SO4/H2O 0.4 M K2SO4 +0.01 M H2SO4/H2O 2 M K2SO4 +1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.87 M NaHSO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

1.0

TPF

88Boc

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

1.0

CS

88Boc

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

2.75

TPF

88Boc 134)

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

1.5·10–3

MP

70Her

Fe(H 2 O) 36+/2+

25

0.38

PS

70Bar5

1 F 132) NaHSO4/H2O Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

0.0027

GM

61Ans 133)

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

20

0.0014

GM

61Ans 133)

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

25

1.4·10–3

RDE

63Gal

1 F 132) NaHSO4 +1 F 132) Na2SO4/H2O 2.8 M Na2SO4 +1 M H2SO4/H2O

25

20

–3

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

351

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 + , 0.01 M

25

5.0

25

2.0·10–3

0.1 N acetic acid/H2O Fe(H 2 O) 62 + /3 +

T 4)

–5

RDE

62Jah

RDE

72Stu

CP

70Kap

IP

52Ran2

CPS

60Wij3

0.1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

-

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

9.2·10

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

12.5·103

CCS

60Wij3

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

7.7

CF

55Jor

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.08

CF

62Jor

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.24

GS

69Dau 135)

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 2 mM

25

0.03

CP

70Sch

1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.028

GS

69Dau 135)

1 M KF/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

20

40.0

TPF

83Iwa

0.2 M KF/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

,

25

0.18

GD

75Saj2

0.2 M KF/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 1 mM

25

0.15

GD

75Saj2

1 M KNO3/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

35

6.6·10–2

FR

63Aga4

1 M LiCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

6.4·10

–4

CP

70Sch

1.4910 0.09

3

2 mM

,

2 mM 0.5 M K2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

20

34.0

TPF

83Iwa

0.5 M K2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

0.13

IP

52Ran2

0.5 M K2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 0.01 M

25

7.0

RDE

62Jah

0.5 M K2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

25

2·102

RDE

72Ang

0.5 M K2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

20

0.12

TPF

78Ber

1 M NaCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

CP

70Sch

2.66·10–4

RDE

96Tor

0.032

CP

70Sch

,

25

1 M NaNO3/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 4 mM

-

1 M NH4Cl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 2 mM

25

2.0·10

–3

2 mM

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

352

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

Pt

0.2 M phosphate buffer/H2O, pH=7.2 1 M KCl/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M LiCl/H2O 1 M NaCl/H2O 1 M NH4Cl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M LiCl/H2O

[Fe(CN)5NH3]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5NH3]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5NH3]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5NH3]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5NH3]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5 MeNH2]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5 EtNH2]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5 PrNH2]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5 BuNH2]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5H2O]2–/3–, 2 mM [Fe(CN)5H2O]2–/3–, 2 mM

0.5 M K-oxalate/H2O Fe(ox)34 – /3 – 0.2 M KF/H2O

Fe(bipy)2 (CN) +2

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ] 0.1

IP

85Dur

25

0.016

CP

70Sch

25

0.0088

CP

70Sch

25

0.0048

CP

70Sch

25

0.0064

CP

70Sch

25

0.030

CP

70Sch

25

0.0024

CP

70Sch

25

0.0008

CP

70Sch

25

0.0006

CP

70Sch 85)

25

0.0012

CP

70Sch 136)

25

0.0012

CP

70Sch

25

0.00032

CP

70Sch

25

0.009

IP

52Ran2

25

0.63

GD

75Saj2

-

/ Fe(bipy) 2 (CN) 2 0.2 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54)

Fe(bipy)2 (CN) +2 /Fe(bipy)2(CN)2

25

0.41

GD

75Saj2

0.2 M KF/H2O

Fe(bipy)(CN) 4–

25

0.43

GD

75Saj2

/ Fe(bipy)(CN) 24– 1 M LiF/H2O

Fe(bipy)32 + / 3 +

20

0.9

TPF

80Ber 137)

0.2 F KF/H2O

Fe(bipy)33+ / 2+

25

0.8

GD

75Saj2 133)

0.2 mF TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.6 M TEAP 74) /acetonitrile

Fe(bipy)33+ / 2+

25

1.1

GD

75Saj2 133)

Fe(bipy)33+ / 2+

25

0.8

GD

75Saj1

Fe(bipy)32 + / +

25

0.16

GD

75Saj1

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.95

CV

88Wip

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

353

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetone 0.1 M TBAP 52) /butyronitrile 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dichloromethane 0.1 M TBAP 52) /1,2-dichloroethane 0.025 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.05 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.25 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dimethylsulphoxide 0.1 M TBAP 52) /propylene carbonate 0.025 M TBAP 52) /PC 113) 0.05 M TBAP 52) /PC 113) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /PC 113) 0.25 M TBAP 52) /PC113) 0.1 M TBAP 52) /tetrahydrofurane 0.1 M LiClO4 /methanol 0.1 M LiClO4/ethanol 0.1 M LiClO4 /1-propanol 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.2 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 1.5 M HCl/H2O

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

2.6

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

2.0

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

0.51

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

0.62

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

0.34

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.47

ACP

93Win

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.45

ACP

93Win

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

0.4

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.47

ACP

93Win

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.43

ACP

93Win

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

0.2

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

0.15

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.2

ACP

93Win

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.21

ACP

93Win

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.19

ACP

93Win

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

-

0.21

ACP

93Win

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

0.14

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o)

12

1.55

CV/IP

91Bar2

[Fe(cp)2] (o) [Fe(cp)2] (o)

12 12

0.55 0.28

CV/IP CV/IP

91Bar2 91Bar2

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

23 23 23 23 23 23

2.0·10–4 1.0·10–3 1.8·10–4 3.0·10–5 1.0·10–3 0.9·10–3

CP CP CP CP CP CP

64Boc3 138) 64Boc3 139) 64Boc3 138) 64Boc3 140) 64Boc3 139) 64Boc3 139)

354

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Pt

1.5 M HCl/H2O 1.5 M HCl/H2O 2.5 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M H2SO4+0.05 M K2SO4/H2O 0.5 N H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O, pH 2 = 1 bar

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

23 23 23 23 23

4.5·10–4 2.0·10–5 0.8·10–3 1.0·10–3 0.7·10–3

CP CP CP CP CP

64Boc3 138) 64Boc3 140) 64Boc3 139) 64Boc3 139) 64Boc3 139)

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

25

10–3.53 10–3 10–2.9 1.52·10–3

CP CP CP CP

64Boc3 67Man 69Gal 59Sch1

1 M H2SO4/H2O, pH 2 = 0.46 bar

H+/H2

25

0.7·10–3

CP

59Sch1

1 M H2SO4/H2O, pH 2 = 0.31 bar

H+/H2

25

0.4·10–3

CP

59Sch1

1 M H2SO4/H2O, pH 2 = 0.24 bar

H+/H2

25

0.273·10–3

CP

59Sch1

1 M H2SO4/H2O, pH 2 = 0.14 bar

H+/H2

25

0.112·10–3

CP

59Sch1

1 M H2SO4/H2O, pH 2 = 0.05 bar

H+/H2

25

59.4·10–6

CP

59Sch1

0.5 N NaOH/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 9.3 M KOH/H2O

H+/H2 I0/–1 MnO 24 – /3 –

25 10

10–4.06 0.015 141) 0.6

CP 64Boc3 CF 62Jor CP,GS 67Thi2

10.0 M KOH/H2O

MnO 24 – /3 –

10

0.7

CP,GS 67Thi2

10.8 M KOH/H2O

MnO 24 – /3 –

10

0.6

CP,GS 67Thi2

11.8 M KOH/H2O

MnO 24 – /3 –

10

0.5

CP,GS 67Thi2 –2

1 M KOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 –

20

1.2·10

1 M KOD/D2O (96 %) 1 M KOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0072

CP,GS 67Thi1

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0069

CP,GS 67Thi1

1 M KOH +0.5 M K2CO3/H2O 1 M KOH +0.3 M K2C2O4/H2O 1 M KOH +0.5 M KCl/H2O 1 M KOH +0.3 M KNO3/H2O

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0032

CP,GS 67Thi1

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0043

CP,GS 67Thi1

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0078

CP,GS 67Thi1

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0050

CP,GS 67Thi1

CP,GS 67Thi1

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

355

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 M KOH +0.2 M NaF/H2O 1 M KOH +1 mM H6TeO6/H2O 1 M KOH+1 mM Zn(OH) 24 – /H 2 O

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0056

CP,GS 67Thi1

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0027

CP,GS 67Thi1

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

0.0019

CP,GS 67Thi1

1 M LiOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

5.5·10–3

CP,GS 67Thi1

–3

CP,GS 67Thi1

1 M NaOH/H2O

MnO 4–/2 – , 6 mM

20

6.2·10

0.1 M TBAP /acetonitrile 0.1 M TBAP /butyronitrile 0.1 M TBAP 52) /acetone 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dichloromethane 0.1 M TBAP 52) /dichloroethane 0.1 M TBAP 52) /DMF 54) 0.1 M TBAP 54) /dimethyl sulfoxide 0.1 M TBAP 52) /PC 113) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 /DMF 54) 1 M HBr/H2O

[Ni(cp)2] (o)

22

2.0

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2] (o)

22

0.52

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2] (o)

22

1.8

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2] (o)

22

1.4

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2] (o)

22

0.8

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2] (o)

22

0.54

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2] (o)

22

0.2

ACP

96Win

[Ni(cp)2] (o)

22

0.12

ACP

96Win

Os(bipy)33 + /2 +

25

0.83

GD

75Saj1

Os(bipy)32 + / +

25

0.26

GD

75Saj1

PtBr62 – /PtBr42 – , 1 mM

-

6.3·10–6

TLV

70Hub

1 M NaBr +3 M H2SO4/H2O

PtBr62 – /PtBr42 – , 5 mM

-

1.9·10–6

TLV

70Hub

1 M HCl/H2O

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 – , 1 mM

-

2.3·10–7

TLV

70Hub

1 M NaCl +3 M H2SO4/H2O

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 – , 5 mM

-

2.1·10–7

TLV

70Hub

10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4/H2O 10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4 +10 mF 132) NaCl/H2O

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

24

6.1·10–6

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

24

3.5·10–6

TLV

70Lau 133)

356

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Pt

10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4+ 100 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4 +300 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4 +1 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4/H2O 10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4 +10 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4 +100 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4 +300 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 10 mF 132)HClO4 +x NaClO4 +1000 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 1 F 132)NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132)NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132)NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132)NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132)NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 M HI/H2O

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

24

1.5·10–6

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

24

5.9·10–7

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

24

5.7·10–7

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 24 – /PtCl 62 –

24

8.1·10–6

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 24 – /PtCl 62 –

24

3.4·10–6

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 24 – /PtCl 62 –

24

1.6·10–6

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 24 – /PtCl 62 –

24

≤10–9

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 24 – /PtCl 62 –

24

≤10–9

TLV

70Lau 133)

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

23

(1.66) 143)

TLV

71Lau

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

23

(21.11) 143)

TLV

71Lau

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

23

(21.25) 143)

TLV

71Lau

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

23

(20.86) 143)

TLV

71Lau

PtCl 62 – /PtCl 24 –

23

(4.59) 143)

TLV

71Lau

-

7.2·10–5

TLV

70Hub

-

4.5·10–4

TLV

70Hub

Ptmod 142) Ptmod 144) Ptmod 145) Ptmod 146) Ptmod 147)

PtI 62– /PtI 24– ,

T 4)

1 mM 1 M NaI +3 M H2SO4/H2O

PtI 62– /PtI 24– ,

5 mM

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

357

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

1 F HClO4 +10 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O

Pt(CN) 24 – /Pt(CN)4(H2O)Cl

24

1.05·10–7

TLV

72Lai 133)

Pt(NH3)5Cl3+ / Pt(NH 3 ) 24 +

23

(1.21) 143)

TLV

71Lau

Ptmod 144)

1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM Pt(NH3)5Cl3+ HClO4/H2O / Pt(NH 3 ) 24 +

23

(1.02) 143)

TLV

71Lau

Ptmod 145)

1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM Pt(NH3)5Cl3+ HClO4/H2O / Pt(NH 3 ) 24 +

23

(0.98) 143)

TLV

71Lau

Ptmod 146)

1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM Pt(NH3)5Cl3+ HClO4/H2O / Pt(NH 3 ) 24 +

23

(1.06) 143)

TLV

71Lau

Ptmod 147)

1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM Pt(NH3)5Cl3+ HClO4/H2O / Pt(NH 3 ) 24 +

23

(1.11) 143)

TLV

71Lau

24

1.93·10–6

TLV

72Lai 133)

24

7.6·10–9

TLV

72Lai 133)

23

(1.03) 143)

TLV

71Lau

23

(1.13) 143)

TLV

71Lau

23

(1.54) 143)

TLV

71Lau

23

(1.34) 143)

TLV

71Lau

23

(1.01) 143)

TLV

71Lau

24

2.04·10–7

TLV

72Lai 149)

24

3.58·10–11

TLV

72Lai 133)

24

3.01·10–7

TLV

72Lai 133)

24

4.87·10–7

TLV

72Lai 133)

23

2.0·10–6

TLV

69Cus 133)

24

3.17·10–7

TLV

72Lai 133)

Ptmod 148)

1 F HClO4 +10 mF 132) NaCl/H2O 1 F 132) NaCl/H2O Ptmod 148) Ptmod 144) Ptmod 145) Ptmod 146) Ptmod 147)

1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132) NaCl+10 mM HClO4/H2O 1 F 132) HClO4 +10 mF NaCl/H2O 1 F 132) NaCl/H2O 1 F 132) HClO4 +10 mF NaCl/H2O

trans-Pt(NH3)2(CN)2 /trans-Pt(NH3)2 (CN)2(H2O)Cl+ trans-Pt(NH3)2(CN)2 /transPt(NH3)2(CN)2Cl2 Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2Cl2 /Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2 Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2Cl2 /Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2 Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2Cl2 /Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2 Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2Cl2 /Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2 Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2Cl2/ Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2 Pt(en)(CN)2 /Pt(en)(CN)2(H2O)Cl+ Pt(en)(CN)2 /Pt(en)(CN)2Cl2 transPt(NH3)2(SCN)2 /transPt(NH3)2(SCN)2Cl2

1 F 132) HClO4 Pt(NO 2 ) 24 – +10 mF NaCl/H2O /Pt(NO ) (H O)Cl– 2 4 2 1 F 132) HClO4 cis-Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2 +1 F NaCl/H2O /Pt(NH3)2 (NO2)2 cis-Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2 1 F 132) HClO4 +10 mF NaCl/H2O /trans-Pt(NH3)2 (NO2)2(H2O)Cl+

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T 4)

358

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Ptmod 147)

1 F 132) HClO4 cis-Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2 +10 mF NaCl/H2O /transPt(NH3)2(NO2)2Cl2 1 F 132) HClO4 Pt(C2H4)Cl2(H2O) +10 mF NaCl/H2O /Pt(C2H4)Cl4(H2O) 1 F 132) H2SO4 Pt(py) 24 + +10 mF NaCl/H2O / Pt(py)4 Cl 22 +

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ] 24

3.17·10–7

TLV

72Lai 133)

24

8.59·10–8

TLV

72Lai 133)

24

5.4·10–6

TLV

72Lai 133)

1 F 132) HClO4 Pt(CN) 4 Cl 22 – +10 mF NaCl/H2O / Pt(CN) 24 –

24

8.16·10–7

TLV

72Lai 133)

1 F 132) HClO4

24

6.6·10–5

TLV

72Lai 133)

Pt(SCN) 62 –

/ Pt(SCN) 24 – 1 F 132) HClO4 +10 mF NaCl/H2O 1 F 132) HClO4 +10 mF NaCl/H2O

Pt(dien)(NO2)+ /Pt(dien)(NO2)Cl22+ Pt(en)(SCN)Cl2+ / Pt(en) 22 +

24

2.0·10–5

TLV

69Cus 150)

24

4.64·10–5

TLV

72Lai 133)

1 F 132) HClO4 +2 mF NaCl/H2O

Pt(NO 2 ) 4 Cl 22 –

24

9.26·10–6

TLV

72Lai 133)

24

4.9·10–5

TLV

72Lai 133)

25

(>5.0·10–2)

RDE

80Bar1

20 25

116 0.24

TPF GD

85Iwa 75Saj1

25

0.24

GD

75Saj1

25

0.26

GD

75Saj1

RT

5.0·10–4

CV

02Ste

25

(>0.1)

RDE

80Bar1

/ Pt(NO 2 ) 24 –

Pt(NH3)5Cl3+ 1 F 132) HClO4 +10 mF NaCl/H2O / Pt(NH ) 2 + 3 4 0.2 M KPF6/H2O

2 + /3 + Ru aq 3+/2+

1 M KF/H2O [Ru(NH3)6] 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 Ru(bipy)32 + / + 54 /DMF ) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 Ru(bipy)3+ / 0 /DMF 54) 0.2 M Bu4NClO2 Ru(bipy)30 / – 54 /DMF ) 1 mM TBAP/CH2Cl2 bis(alkynyl) titanocene 151) 2 + /3 + 0.2 M NaClO4/H2O Vaq 0.2 M NaClO4 +1 mM Cr2+/H2O 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) HCl-buffer/H2O, pH=1.1 HCl-buffer/H2O, pH=1.1 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=3.0

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

(1.5·10 )

RDE

80Bar1

benzoquinone (r)

25

0.0052

CV

73Cap

hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM

25

7.8·10–5

CF

62Tom 77)

25

1.0·10–4

CF

62Tom

25

7.8·10–6

CF

62Tom

–5

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

acetate buffer/H2O, pH=5.0 0.1 M HCl/H2O

hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 10 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 10 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 10 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 7.6 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 15.3 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 10 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 10 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 10 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM

25

2.0·10–5

CF

62Tom

5

3.7·10–7

CF

60Los1

15

9.1·10–7

CF

60Los1

25

1.9·10–6

CF

60Los1

25

1.12·10–6

CF

60Los1

25

1.3810–6

CF

60Los1

25

1.03·10–6

CF

60Los1

35

4.4·10–6

CF

60Los1

45

8.7·10–6

CF

60Los1

60

1.6·10–6

CF

60Los1

25

8.5·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

4.9·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

2.57·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

1.1·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

1.0·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

4.67·10–6

CF

62Los1

25

5.58·10–6

CF

62Los1

25

1.26·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

3.55·10–5

CF

62Los1

hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM

25

1.29·10–4

CF

62Los1

25

4.26·10–4

CF

62Los1

hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM

25

3.1·10–3

CF

62Los1

0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O HCl/H2O; pH=0.48 HCl/H2O; pH=1.07 HCl/H2O; pH=1.52 HCl/H2O; pH=2.01 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=2.03 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=3.01 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=3.92 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=5.06 phosphate buffer/H2O, pH=6.02 phosphate buffer /H2O, pH=7.06 phosphate+borate buffer/H2O, pH=7.92 borate buffer /H2O, pH=8.6

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

359

T 4)

360

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Ptmod 147)

0.1 M HCl/H2O

Educt, product, concentration 3)

quinhydrone, 10 mM HCl/H2O, pH=0.44 Na-β-hydroanthraquinonesulfonate /β-anthraquinonesulfonate, 1.8 mM H2SO4/H2O, pH=2.05 Na-β-hydroanthraquinonesulfonate /β-anthraquinonesulfonate, 1.8 mM acetate buffer/H2O, Na-β-hydroanthrapH=3.06 quinonesulfonate /β-anthraquinonesulfonate, 3.6 mM acetate buffer/H2O, Na-β-hydroanthrapH=4.1 quinonesulfonate /β-anthraquinonesulfonate, 1.8 mM phosphate buffer Na-β-hydroanthra/H2O, pH=6.18 quinonesulfonate /β-anthraquinonesulfonate, 1.8 mM phosphate buffer Na-β-hydroanthra/H2O, pH=8.12 quinonesulfonate /β-anthraquinonesulfonate, 1.8 mM 0.05...0.5 M NaClO4 1,4-phenylene/acetonitrile diamine (o) 0.05...0.3 M NaClO4 1,4-phenylene/DMF 54) diamine (o) 0.05...0.3 M NaClO4 1,4-phenylene/DMSO 51) diamine (o) 0.05...0.5 M NaClO4 1,4-phenylene/PC 113) diamine (o) 1,4-phenylene0.1...0.3 M NaClO4 /THF 152) diamine (o) 1,4-phenylene0.1 M NaClO4 /nitrobenzene diamine (o) 1,4-phenylene0.1...0.3 M NaClO4 /sulfolane diamine (o) 1,4-phenylene0.1...0.3 M NaClO4 /HMPA 124) diamine (o) 0.05...0.3 M NaClO4 1,4-phenylene/NMF 88) diamine (o) 0.05...0.3 M NaClO4 1,4-phenylene/methanol diamine (o)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ] 25

2.34·10–6

CF

60Los1

25

1.51·10–4

CF

62Los1

25

5.5·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

2.81·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

5.5·10–5

CF

62Los1

25

1.21·10–4

CF

62Los1

25

2.24·10–4

CF

62Los1

25

0.22

CV

86Opa

25

0.082

CV

86Opa

25

0.074

CV

86Opa

25

0.055

CV

86Opa

25

0.074

CV

86Opa

25

0.035

CV

86Opa

25

0.022

CV

86Opa

25

0.017

CV

86Opa

25

0.1

CV

86Opa

25

0.18

CV

86Opa

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

361

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.05...0.1 M NaClO4 /2-propanol 0.1 M NaClO4 /1-butanol 0.05...0.5 M KPF6 /acetonitrile 0.05...0.3 M KPF6 /acetone 0.1...0.5 M TBAP /CH2Cl2 0.1...0.3 M KPF6 /nitroethane 0.05...0.5 M KPF6 /DMF 54) 0.05...0.3 M KPF6 /DMSO 51) 0.05...0.5 M KPF6 /PC 113) 0.1...0.5 M NaClO4 /THF 152) 0.1...0.5 M KPF6 /sulfolane 0.1...0.5 M KPF6 /HMPT 124) 0.05...0.3 M NaClO4 /NMF 88) 0.05...0.3 M NaClO4 /methanol 0.05...0.2 M NaClO4 /ethanol 0.05...0.3 M NaClO4 /2-propanol 0.1 M NaClO4 /1-butanol 0.1 M NaClO4/acetone 0.1 M NaClO4/acetonitrile 0.1 M NaClO4/benzonitrile 0.1 M NaClO4 /propionitrile 0.1 M NaClO4/DMF 54) 0.1 M NaClO4 /HMPA 124) 0.1 M NaClO4/ NMP 153)

1,4-phenylenediamine (o) 1,4-phenylenediamine (o) phenothiazine (o)

25

0.017

CV

86Opa

25

0.027

CV

86Opa

25

0.44

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.22

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.19

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.19

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.1

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.077

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.44

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.046

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.2

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.014

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.2

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.4

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.22

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.045

CV

85Opa

phenothiazine (o)

25

0.062

CV

85Opa

tetrathiafulvalene0/+

25

1.6

CV

90Gra

tetrathiafulvalene0/+

25

2.2

CV

90Gra

tetrathiafulvalene0/+

25

0.03

CV

90Gra

tetrathiafulvalene0/+

25

0.26

CV

90Gra

tetrathiafulvalene0/+ tetrathiafulvalene0/+

25 25

0.31 0.031

CV CV

90Gra 90Gra

tetrathiafulvalene0/+

25

0.18

CV

90Gra

362

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Ptmod 147) Pt(100)

0.1 M NaClO4/PC 113) tetrathiafulvalene0/+ 0.1 M KClO4/H2O Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 0.2 mM 0.1 M KClO4/H2O Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 0.5 mM 0.1 M KClO4/H2O Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 1 mM H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O O2/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O O2/H2O 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O Fe(CN)3 – /4 – ,

Pt(110)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

6

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ] 25 25

0.087 0.17

CV IP

90Gra 98Kit

25

0.04

IP

98Kit

25

0.034

IP

98Kit

1 30 60 25

0.36·10–3 0.6·10–3 0.76·10–3 2.0...4.9·10–2 1.4...3.3·10–2 0.14

CP CP CP RDE RDE IP

97Mar 97Mar 97Mar 97Per 97Per 98Kit

25

0.032

IP

98Kit

25

0.036

IP

98Kit

1 30 60 23 1 30 60 23 23

0.36·10–3 0.98·10–3 1.35·10–3 6.6...19·10–2 3.2...8.7·10–2 (1·10–2) 0.21·10–3 0.45·10–3 0.83·10–3 (3·10–2) (2·10–4)

CP CP CP RDE RDE CV CP CP CP CV CV

97Mar 97Mar 97Mar 97Per 97Per 91Cha 97Mar 97Mar 97Mar 91Cha 91Cha

23 23

(8·10–4) (1·10–4)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

23 23 23

(4·10–2) (7·10–4) (7·10–4)

CV CV CV

91Cha 91Cha 91Cha

23 23

(2·10–4) (2·10–4)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

23 23

(1.8·10–2) (3.5·10–2)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

0.2 mM 0.1 M KClO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 1 mM H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O O2/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O O2/H2O 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O H+/H2 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ La(ClO4)3/H2O [Co(NH3)5F]3+/2+ 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O [Co(NH3) 5F]3+/2+ 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM [Co(NH3) 5F]3+/2+ La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O [Co(NH3) 5F]3+/2+ 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM [Co(NH3) 5F]3+/2+ La(ClO4)3/H2O [Co(NH3)5SO4]1+/0 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O [Co(NH3)5SO4]1+/0

0.1 M KClO4/H2O

Pt(111)

Pt(111)/(I√7) 154) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√7)

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 0.5 mM

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

363

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Pt(111)/(I√7)

0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+50 mM La(ClO4)3/H2O 0.1 M KClO4/H2O

[Co(NH3)5SO4]1+/0

23

(9·10–3)

CV

91Cha

[Co(NH3)5SO4]1+/0 [Co(NH3)5SO4]1+/0

23 23

(8·10–3) (2·10–3)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/2+

23 23

(0.15) (2·10–2)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+/2+

23 23

(3·10–2) (8·10–3)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5Ac]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5Ac]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5Ac]2+/1+

23 23 23

(1.8·10–2) (3.5·10–2) (9·10–3)

CV CV CV

91Cha 155) 91Cha 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5Ac]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5Ac]2+/1

23 23

(8·10–3) (2·10–3)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5PAc]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5PAc]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5PAc]2+/1+

23 23 23

(5.5·10–2) (4·10–3) (4·10–3)

CV CV CV

91Cha 156) 91Cha 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5PAc]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5PAc]2+/1+

23 23

(4·10–3) (3.5·10–3)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5Pyc]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5Pyc]2+/1+

23 23

(3·10–3) (4.5·10–3)

CV CV

91Cha 157) 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5Pyc]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5Pyc]2+/1+

23 23

(1.5·10–3) (1.5·10–3)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5Cpc]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5Cpc]2+/1+

23 23

(2.5·10–4) (5.5·10–4)

CV CV

91Cha 158) 91Cha

[Co(NH3)5Cpc]2+/1+ [Co(NH3)5Cpc]2+/1+

23 23

(7·10–5) (1·10–4)

CV CV

91Cha 91Cha

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 0.5 mM

25.0 0.43

IP

98Kit

Fe(CN)36 – /4 – , 1 mM O2/H2O O2/H2O

25.0 0.19

IP

98Kit

RDE RDE

97Per 97Per

Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√7) Pt(111)/(I√3x3) Pt(111)/(I√3x3)

0.1 M KClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.05 M H2SO4/H2O

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T 4)

-

3.8...13·10–2 0.5...1.1·10–2

364 Electrode 1)

5 Exchange current densities Solution 2)

T 4)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

K+ K+

20 25

~0.1 0.65

IP IP/PP

52Ran1 80Bar3

K+

25

0.81

IP/PP

80Bar3

K+

25

1.33

IP/PP

80Bar3

Rhodium (Rh) 1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 36+ /2 + , 0.1M

25

0.0046

SS

68Boc2

1 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O)36+ /2 + , 0.01M

25

0.0022

SS

68Boc2

1 M HClO4/H2O

Fe(H 2 O) 36+ /2 +

4.6·10–4

CP

78Eve 159)

0.01 N HCl/H2O 0.5 N H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O 0.01 N NaOH/H2O 0.1 M TEAP 74) /DMF 54) HCl-buffer/H2O, pH=1.1 HCl-buffer/H2O, pH=1.1 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=3.0 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=3.0 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=5.0 acetate buffer/H2O, pH=5.0 1 M HClO4/H2O

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 benzoquinone (r)

25

10–3.8 10–3.22 10–3.6 10–3.5 10–4.85 0.0037

CP CP CP CP CP CV

57Pen 64Boc3 65Mat 67Man 57Pen 73Cap

hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone, 5.5 mM hydroquinone /quinone Rb1+

25

1.5·10–6

CF

62Tom 77)

25

3.2·10–4

CF

62Tom

25

3.5·10-5

CF

62Tom

25

4.0·10–7

CF

62Tom 77)

25

2.3·10–6

CF

62Tom 77)

25

1.0·10–4

CF

62Tom

-

2.4·10–4

CP

78Eve 160)

25

0.59

IP/PP

80Bar3

Rb1+

25

0.82

IP/PP

80Bar3

Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M

20 25 30 35 40

0.00653 0.00755 0.00867 0.00966 0.0108

CP CP CP CP CP

73Gal 73Gal 73Gal 73Gal 73Gal

Potassium (K) (K)(Hg) 1.0 M NMe4OH/H2O 0.1 M NEt4PF6 /DMF 54) 0.1 M NPr4PF6 85) /DMF 54) 0.1 M NBut4PF6 /DMF 54)

Rubidium (Rb) 0.1 M NEt4PF6 /DMF 54) 0.1 M NPr4PF6 85) /DMF 54) 1 M H2SO4/H2O Ruthenium 1 M H2SO4/H2O (Ru) 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O

-

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

365

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Silver (Ag)

0.58 m AgNO3/ H2O 0.14 M CsCN +2.1 M CsCl/H2O 1 N HClO4/H2O HClO4/H2O 0.14 M KCN +2.1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KNO3 +5 M NH3/H2O 1 M KCl +2...3 M NH3/H2O 35% KOH/H2O 0.14 M NaCN +2.1 M NaCl/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 0.28 M NaOH/H2O

Ag+ Ag+/0, 0.33 M

RT 25

0.011 10.9·10–3

IP CP

61Bro 68Nec

Ag+/0 Ag+/0, 0.2 M Ag+/0, 0.33 M

20 20 25

24 0.1 7.6·10–3

GD GS CP

57Ger1 57Meh 68Nec

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T 4)

Ag+/0, 0.1 M

-

0.3

IP

58Lor

Ag+/0, 0.1 M

-

0.5

IP

59Lor

Ag/Ag2O, (r) Ag+/0, 0.33 M

RT 25

2·10–3 1.8·10–3

CP CP

67Dir 68Nec

Ag0/+ Ag/Ag2O (r)

23

8.09·10–6 1.4·10–3

CV GM

1 M NaOH/H2O

Ag/Ag2O (r)

0

1.0·10–3

GM

1 M NaOH/H2O

Ag/Ag2O (r)

23

2.8·10–3

GM

1 M NaOH/H2O

Ag/Ag2O (r)

40

3.0·10–3

GM

1 M NaOH/H2O

Ag/Ag2O (r)

60

6.5·10–3

GM

4.86 M NaOH/H2O

Ag/Ag2O (r)

23

7.2·10–3

GM

1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O

Ag/Ag2O (r) Ag/Ag2O (r) Ag/AgO/Ag2O (r)

23

kox=1.1 161) kred=1.1 162) 0.02

CV CV GM

4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.019 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.019 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.019 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.019 M AgNO3 /H2O

Ag+/0

20.3 0.055

IP

68Sto 68Cla2, 71Ham2 68Cla2, 71Ham2 68Cla2, 71Ham2 68Cla2, 71Ham2 68Cla2, 71Ham2 68Cla2, 71Ham2 68Sto 68Sto 68Cla2, 71Ham2 72Bek

Ag+/0

26.5 0.068

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

33.5 0.080

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

42.4 0.120

IP

72Bek

161

)

366

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Ag

4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.031 M AgNO3/H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.031 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.031 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.031 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.055 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.055 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.055 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.055 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.097 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.097 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.097 M AgNO3 /H2O 4 M NaSCN +0.1 M NaOH +0.097 M AgNO3 /H2O

Ag+/0

20.3 0.065

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

26.5 0.075

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

33.5 0.090

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

42.4 0.130

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

20.3 0.075

IP

72Bek

Ag+/

26.5 0.09

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

33.5 0.110

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

42.4 0.160

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

26.5 0.11

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

20.3 0.1

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

33.5 0.16

IP

72Bek

Ag+/0

42.4 0.22

IP

72Bek

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

0.14 M RbCN +2.1 M RbCl//H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M KPF6/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.2 M KPF6/H2O

Ag+/0, 0.33 M

25

8.5·10–3

CP

68Nec

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH3)5]F2+/+ [Co(NH 3 )5 ]OH 3+/2+ 2 [Co(NH3)5] NCS2+/1+ cis-([Co(en)2] (NCS)2)2+/1+

25 25 25 25 25 24

(3.0·10–4) (7.0·10–4) (4.5·10–4) (8.0·10–4) (∼10–4) (2.0·10–2)

RDE RDE RDE RDE RDE PP

80Bar1 80Bar1 80Bar1 80Bar1 80Bar1 84Bar2

24

(1.0·10–3)

PP

84Bar2 63)

2 + /3 + Craq

25

(>10–4)

RDE

80Bar1

0.2 M NaClO4/H2O

2 + /3 + Craq

25

(>10–4)

RDE

80Bar1

0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4+5 mM HClO4/H2O 0.2 M KPF6/H2O

[Cr(NH3)5] NCS2+/1+ [Cr(OH2)5] NCS2+/1+ ([Cr(NH3)5]N3)2+/1+

24

(6.0·10–4)

PP

84Guy

24

(1.2·10–3)

PP

84Guy

24

(<·10–5)

PP

84Guy

([Cr(OH2)5]N3)2+/1+

24

(3.0·10–5)

PP

84Guy

[Cr(NH3)5]Cl2+/1+

24

(1.3·10–2)

PP

84Guy

[Cr(OH2)5]Cl2+/1+

24

(≈0.3)

PP

84Guy

[Cr(NH3)5]Br2+/1+

24

(≈0.1)

PP

84Guy

[Cr(OH2)5]Br2+/1+

24

(>0.5)

PP

84Guy

2 + /3 + Eu aq

25

(1.0·10–2)

RDE

80Bar1

25

(∼1·10–4)

RDE

80Bar1

25

0.001

IP

52Ran2

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP

68Gos 68Gos 64Boc3 163) 68Gos 64Boc3 163) 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos

2 + /3 + 0.2 M KPF6 Eu aq 2+ +1 mM Cr /H2O 0.5 M K-oxalate/H2O Fe(ox)34 – /3 –

0.01 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.3 M HCl/H2O 0.4 M HCl/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O 2 M HCl/H2O 3 M HCl/H2O 5 M HCl/H2O 0.01 M H2SO4/H2O 0.1 M H2SO4/H2O Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

367

+

H /H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

T 4)

21 21 23 21 23 21 21 21 21 21 21

–8.94

10 10–9.47 0.27; 8.4·10–7 10–8.94 0.28; 4.4·10–6 10–9.81 10–8.14 10–8.35 10–8.33 10–9.33 10–10.02

368

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Ag

1 M H2SO4/H2O 3 M H2SO4/H2O 5 M H2SO4/H2O 7 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M KF/H2O 0.3 M KPF6/H2O

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ 2 + /3 + Vaq

21 21 21 21 20 25

10–9.72 10–9.73 10–9.63 10–7.79 120 (9.0·10–2)

CP CP CP CP TPF RDE

68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 68Gos 85Iwa 80Bar1

0.3 M KPF6 +1 mM Cr2+/H2O 0.2 M KPF6/H2O

2 + /3 + Vaq

25

(∼10–4)

RDE

80Bar1

2 + /3 + Ru aq

25

(>5.0·10–2)

RDE

80Bar1

2 + /3 + Ru aq

25

(5·10–4)

RDE

80Bar1

[Co(NH3)6]3+/2+ Na+ Na+

23 20 25

(8·10–4) ~0.4 9.0·10–2

CV IP IP/PP

86Ham 52Ran1 80Bar3

Na+

25

0.2

IP/PP

80Bar3

Na+

25

0.32

IP/PP

80Bar3

H+/H2 H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 0.1 N H+/H2, 1 N H+/H2, 1 N H+/H2, 1 N H+/H2, 1 N H+/H2, 1 N H+/H2, 1 N H+/H2, 10 N Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M Fe2+/3+, 0.1 M

25 35 45 25 35 45 55 65 25 25 20 25 30 35 40

10–8.6 1.2·10–8 1.6·10–8 2.0·10–8 1.0·10–8 1.6·10–8 4.0·10–8 5.0·10–8 1.3·10–7 4.0·10–8 3.2·10–8 1.04·10–6 1.22·10–6 1.39·10–6 1.63·10–6 1.87·10–6

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP GCI 165) CP 166) CP 166) CP 166) CP 166) CP 166)

69Gal 63Koz 63Koz 63Koz 63Koz 63Koz 63Koz 63Koz 63Koz 63Koz 65Koz 73Gal 73Gal 73Gal 73Gal 73Gal

H+(r) H+(r) H+(r) H+(r) H+(r) H+(r) H+(r) H+(r)

15 26 36 48 58 66 14 25

7.6·10–14 2.5·10–13 5·10–13 6.8·10–13 2.2·10–12 2.2·10–12 1.1·10–14 4·10–14

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP

65But3 65But3 65But3 65But3 65But3 65But3 65But3 65But3

0.2 M KPF6 +1 mM Cr2+/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O Ag(110) Sodium (Na) 1.0 M NMe4OH/H2O (Na)(Hg) 0.1 M NEt4PF6 /DMF 54) 0.1 M NPr4PF6 164) /DMF 54) 0.1 M NBut4PF6 /DMF 54) Tantalum (Ta) 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 0.1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 10 N H2SO4/H2O 1 N H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O 1 M H2SO4/H2O Thallium (Tl) (Tl)(Hg)1% Tl 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O (Tl)(Hg)40.6% Tl 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

369

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

H+(r) H+(r) H+(r) H+(r) H+(r)

10% Tl

0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.1 M HClO4/H2O 0.2 M NaCN/H2O

33 42 51 62 69 30

1.1·10–13 3.3·10–13 1.9·10–12 4.8·10–12 3.1·10–11 3.9·10–3

CP CP CP CP CP IP

65But3 65But3 65But3 65But3 65But3 60Del

31% Tl

0.2 M NaCN/H2O

30

4.8·10–3

IP

60Del

(Tl)(Hg) (Tl)(Hg) 0.09% Tl (Tl)(Hg) 0.0074% Tl (Tl)(Hg) 0.0057% Tl (Tl)(Hg) (Tl)(Hg) (Tl)(Hg) (Tl)(Hg) (Tl)(Hg) (Tl)(Hg) (Tl)(Hg)

1 M HClO4/H2O 0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 – , 2.5 mM Tl+/0 Tl+/0, 1 mM

36 30

1.8 2.36

IP IP

61Ran 67Bat

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Tl+/0, 0.97 mM

30

0.43

IP

67Bat

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Tl+/0, 10 mM

30

0.67

IP

67Bat

Tl+/0 Tl+/0, 1.05 mM Tl+/0, 2.1 mM Tl+/0 Tl+/0 Tl+/0, 1.05 mM Tl+/0

22 36 36 22 20 35 25

0.15 3.5 2.5 0.3 >1 0.69 1.25

FR FR FR FR IP FR OC

58Bar1 71Aga 71Aga 58Bar1 52Ran1 71Aga 61Gav

Tl1+ Tl+/0, 2.1 mM Tl1+ Tl+/0 Tl+/0, 1.05 mM Tl+/0, 2.1 mM H+/H2 H+/H2 Fe2+/3+, 0.05M

22 36 22 36 36 36 RT 25

3.1 3.5 .. 7.4 1.2 > 1·102 3.4 8.3 10–10.2 2.2·10–9 2.6·10–7

FR FR FR IP FR FR CP CP CP

58Bar1 71Aga 58Bar1 61Lor 71Aga 71Aga 65Mat 63Gos 64Mak 167)

H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2 NO 3– /NO

RT RT RT RT RT RT RT RT 25

15.4·10–9 13.5·10–9 11.5·10–9 10.5·10–9 8.8·10–9 7.5·10–9 6.5·10–9 5.5·10–9 1.5·10–9

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CV

70Tho 70Tho 70Tho 70Tho 70Tho 70Tho 70Tho 70Tho 96Boc 168)

hydrogen evolution

25

46·10–6

CP

97Krs

1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KCl/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 1 M KNO3/H2O 0.33 M KSO4+5 mM H2SO4/H2O (Tl)(Hg) 0.5 M K2SO4/H2O (Tl)(Hg) 0.5 M K2SO4/H2O (Tl)(Hg) 1 M NaClO4/H2O (Tl)(Hg) 1 M NaClO4/H2O (Tl)(Hg) 1 M NaClO4/H2O (Tl)(Hg) 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M HCl/H2O Tin (Sn) 1 M H2SO4/H2O Titanium (Ti) 1 M H2SO4+0.1 M Na2SO4/H2O H2SO4/H2O, pH=0.25 H2SO4/H2O, pH=0.5 H2SO4/H2O, pH=0.9 H2SO4/H2O, pH=1 H2SO4/H2O, pH=1.35 H2SO4/H2O, pH=1.65 H2SO4/H2O, pH=1.90 H2SO4/H2O, pH=2.25 1.33 M NaOH+1.95 M NaNO3/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O Ti2Ni Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Cr(CN) 36 – /4 – , 2.5 mM

T 4)

370

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Ti3Ni TiNi0.7 TiNi TiNi2 TiNi3 TiNi4 Tungsten (W)

1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 0.1 M HCl/H2O 0.5 N H2SO4/H2O 0.5 N NaOH/H2O

hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution hydrogen evolution H+/H2 H+/H2 H+/H2

25 25 25 25 25 25 23 -

12·10–6 46·10–6 13.2·10–6 51·10–6 19·10–6 31.6·10–6 0.78; 2.8·10–6 10–6.25 10–7.05

CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP

97Krs 97Krs 97Krs 97Krs 97Krs 97Krs 64Boc3 169) 64Boc3 64Boc3

V4+(r) V4+(r)

25 25

8.0·10–14 8.0·10–14

PS PS

70Arm 70Arm

H+/H2 Zn2+/Zn0, 0.5 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.04 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.08 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.64 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.016 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.04 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.08 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.64 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.056 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.14 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.28 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.0073 M

RT 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 24

9.9·10–11 0.3 0.241 0.231 0.224 0.238 0.241 0.231 0.224 0.167 0.175 0.166 2.84·10–4

CP IP GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD IP

63Gos 59Lor 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.022 M

24

1.22·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.056 M

24

3.2·10–4

GM

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.057 M

24

3.4·10–4

GM

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.061 M

24

1.97·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.087 M

24

1.73·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.092 M

24

6.68·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.17 M

24

3.7·10–4

GM

70Cla

Vanadium (V) 1 M HClO4/H2O 0.01 or 1 M HClO4 /H2O(adjusted with NaCl to ionic strength 1) 1 M H2SO4/H2O Zinc (Zn) 2 M KCl/H2O 7 M KOH/H2O 7 M KOH/H2O 7 M KOH/H2O 7 M KOH/H2O 7 M KOH/H2O 7 M KOH/H2O 7 M KOH/H2O 4.95 M KOH/H2O 4.95 M KOH/H2O 4.95 M KOH/H2O NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170)

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities Electrode 1)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

371

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

T 4)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) NaClO4+Zn(ClO4)2 /H2O 170) 0.1 M NaOH+0.9 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaOH+0.9 M NaClO4/H2O 0.2 M NaOH+0.8 M NaClO4/H2O 0.2 M NaOH+0.8 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M NaOH/H2O 0.7 M NaOH/H2O 0.7 M NaOH/H2O 0.7 M NaOH/H2O 1.05 M NaOH/H2O 1.05 M NaOH/H2O 1.05 M NaOH/H2O 1.4 M NaOH/H2O 1.4 M NaOH/H2O 1.4 M NaOH/H2O 2.1 M NaOH/H2O 2.1 M NaOH/H2O 2.1 M NaOH/H2O 2.6 M NaOH/H2O 2.6 M NaOH/H2O 2.6 M NaOH/H2O 7 M NaOH/H2O 7 M NaOH/H2O 7 M NaOH/H2O 7 M NaOH/H2O Na2SO4 +ZnSO4/H2O 171) Na2SO4 +ZnSO4/H2O 171) Na2SO4 +ZnSO4/H2O 171) Na2SO4 +ZnSO4/H2O 171) 1 M ZnSO4/H2O

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.27 M

24

4.2·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.46 M

24

3.5·10–4

GM

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.51 M

24

6.26·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.00025 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.0005 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.00075 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.0015 M

25

0.041

GD

67Far

25

0.042

GD

67Far

25

0.045

GD

67Far

25

0.052

GD

67Far

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.047 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.009 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.0014 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.0044 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.0094 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.47 M Zn2+/Zn0, 0.011 M

25 40 55 25 40 55 25 40 55 25 40 55 25 40 55 25 40 55 25 25 25 25 24

0.087 0.118 0.143 0.083 0.11 0.141 0.092 0.127 0.158 0.091 0.122 0.155 0.103 0.135 0.163 0.1 0.146 0.178 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.138 4.94·10–4

GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD GD IP

67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 67Far 70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.14 M

24

3.66·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.5 M

24

10.9·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0, 0.88 M

24

12.6·10–4

IP

70Cla

Zn2+/Zn0

RT

2·10–5

-

70Cla

372

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Zn(Hg)

0.025 M Ba(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.05 M Ba(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.125 M Ba(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.25 M Ba(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.5 M ZnCl2 +2 M KCl/H2O 1.0 M KBr/H2O 1.0 M KBr/H2O 1.0 M KBr/H2O 1.0 M KBr/H2O

Zn2+/0

26

0.0091

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0

26

0.0057

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0

26

0.0032

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0

26

0.0021

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0

-

0.3

IP

59Lor

20 25 20 27

0.008 0.005 0.008 1.2·10–2

IP CS ACP FR

52Ran1 64Ham2 61Kam 69Bro2

25 25 45 0 20 25 25 25 25 25 0 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 25 25 25 25 45 27

1.64 0.33 0.022 0.038 0.25 0.65 0.9 0.58 0.004 0.004 0.016 0.25 0.65 0.9 0.0043 0.0042 0.0043 0.0041 0.0035 0.004 0.004 0.00505 0.0093 1.1 0.0049 0.006 0.014 0.0043

IP IP FR FR IP IP IP IP CS CS OP GM GM GM CS CS CS CS CS IP IP IP IP IP IP FR FR FR

47Ran 62Beh 66Bau 66Bau 61Mül 61Mül 61Mül 47Ran 62Del2 64Ham2 61Gav 61Mül 61Mül 61Mül 62Del3 62Del3 62Del3 62Del3 62Del3 52Ran1 62Beh 63Bla 67Tim 70Sal1 63Slu 66Bau 66Bau 69Bro2

25

3.1·10–5

CP

68Kra

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg 172) Zn(Hg)

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 0.01...0.1 M Zn2+ 1.0 M KCNS/H2O Zn2+/0 0.2 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 0.25 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 0.25 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 , 0.5 mM 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 , 1 mM 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 , 5 mM 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 , 10 mM 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 , 50 mM 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O, pH=3 Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 1.0 M KCl/H2O Zn2+/0 172 1.0 M KCl/H2O ) Zn2+/0, 0.01...0.1 M Zn2+ Zn2+/0,0.01 M 2.0 M KCl+1 M K2C2O4/H2O [Zn(C2O4)3]4–

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

373

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Zn(Hg)

2.0 M KCl+1 M K2C2O4/H2O 1.0 M KCNS/H2O 1.0 M KI/H2O 1.0 M KI/H2O 1.0 M KI+5 mM H2SO4/H2O 1.0 M KNO3/H2O 0.025 M Mg(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.05 M Mg(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.05 M Mg(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.05 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.02 M n-amyl alcohol/H2O 0.05 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.04 M n-amyl alcohol/H2O 0.05 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.08 M n-amyl alcohol/H2O 0.05 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.12 M n-amyl alcohol/H2O 0.05 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.1 M n-amyl alcohol/H2O 0.125 M Mg(ClO4)2/H2O 0.125 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.1 M n-amyl alcohol/H2O 0.2 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.01 M HClO4 /H2O 0.25 M Mg(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.25 M Mg(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.25 M Mg(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.25 M Mg(ClO4)2 /H2O 0.25 M Mg(ClO4)2 /H2O

Zn2+/0,0.01 M [Zn(C2O4)3]4– Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25

1.6·10–4

GM

66Kra1

20 20 25 25

0.017 0.07 0.004 0.12

IP IP CS IP

52Ran1 52Ran1 64Ham2 63Slu

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 2 mM

20 26

0.0035 0.012

IP GS

52Ran1 64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.009

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.009

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.0077

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.0042

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.00065

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.00032

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.00032

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.0047

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.00020

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 1 mM

20

0.0006

RT

65Mol2

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.0027

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 1 mM

26

0.00175

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.00266

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 4 mM

26

0.00452

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 8 mM

26

0.00747

GS

64Ara

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

T 4)

374

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Zn(Hg)

0.25 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.1 M n-amyl alcohol/H2O 2.8 M Mg(ClO4)2 +0.01 M HClO4 /H2O 1.0 M NH4SCN 1.0 M NH4OH +1 M NH4Cl/H2O Mg2SO4+5 mM H2SO4/H2O (I=2 M) 1.0 M NaBr/H2O 1.0 M NaBr/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4/H2O 0.1 M NaClO4 +1 mM HClO4 2 μM LEO 98) 0.3 M NaClO4 +1 mM HClO4 2 μM LEO 98) 0.5 M NaClO4 +1 mM HClO4 2 μM LEO 98) 0.1 M NaClO4 +0.01 M HClO4 /H2O 0.2 M NaClO4/H2O 0.25 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4/H2O 0.5 M NaClO4 +0.01 M HClO4 /H2O 0.88 M NaClO4 +1 mM HClO4 /H2O 1 M NaClO4 +0.01 M HClO4 /H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O 1 M NaClO4/H2O

Zn2+/0, 2 mM

26

0.00014

GS

64Ara

Zn2+/0, 1 mM

20

0.00015

RT

65Mol2

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25 20

17.5·10–3 1.8·10–2

IP CP

63Bla 65Mol1

Zn2+/0

25

0.11

RT

63Bud

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 1 mM

25 25 45 25

2.29 10.3·10–3 0.02 16.7·10–3

IP IP FD PS

70Sal1 63Bla 64Bau 69Tan2

Zn2+/0, 1 mM

25

7.7·10–3

PS

69Tan2

Zn2+/0, 1 mM

25

3.01·10–3

PS

69Tan2

Zn2+/0, 1 mM

20

0.017

RT

65Mol2

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 1 mM

25 45 45 20

0.00119 0.013 0.0075 0.025

IP FD FD RT

63Hus 64Bau 64Bau 65Mol2

Zn2+/0

25

3.26·10–3

IP

60Slu

Zn2+/0

-

3.6·10–3

IP

65Ijz

0 0 1 0 25 45 25 25

0.0054 0.0058 0.0021 0.1 2.5·10–3 0.005 0.002 0.73

GM PS PS IP CM FD CS IP+FR

55Ger1 55Ger1 55Vie 61Mül 63Ham 64Bau 64Ham2 68Sal

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) 173) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg)

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg)

Zn2+/0, 20 mM Zn2+/0, 20 mM Zn2+/0, 6 mM Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

T 4)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

375

Electrode 1)

Solution 2)

Educt, product, concentration 3)

j0 , j00 Method Ref. 174 ș 5 ) kapp or k c ) –2 –1 [°C] [A cm or cm s ]

Zn(Hg)

1 M NaClO4 +0.01 M HClO4 /H2O 2 M NaClO4/H2O 2 M NaClO4/H2O 2 M NaClO4 +NaCl/H2O 2 M NaClO4 +NaBr/H2O 2 M NaClO4 +NaI/H2O 2 M NaClO4 +NaSCN/H2O 3 M NaClO4/H2O 3 M NaClO4+0.01 M HClO4/H2O 1.0 M NaI/H2O 1 M NaOH/H2O 0.5 M Na2SO4/H2O

Zn2+/0, 1 mM

20

0.00036

RT

65Mol2

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25 45 25

0.00248 0.0026 5.4

IP CH IP

63Hus 68Lar 63Bla

Zn2+/0

25

11.5

IP

63Bla

Zn2+/0

25

66

IP

63Bla

Zn2+/0

25

105

IP

63Bla

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0, 1 mM

25 20

0.0028 1.64·10–4

IP RT

63Hus 65Mol2

Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0 Zn2+/0

25 20 25

131·10–3 2.5·10–4 0.001

IP IP CS

63Bla 62Beh 64Ham2

Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg) Zn(Hg)

T 4)

1

) The subscript (Hg) denotes an amalgam electrode. ) The concentration of substances added e.g. to maintain a certain pH is sometimes not stated exactly in the original report; this is indicated by an x. Concentrations are given in units as reported if not stated otherwise (M = molarity; m = molality, F equal to M). 3 ) The educt/reacting species for the charge transfer reaction to which the kinetic data are referring to is stated only if it is not already given by the composition of the electrolyte solution. If the concentrations of the reactants are given in addition the exchange current density j0 will be stated subsequently. The arrangement of species identifies the reaction as a reduction or an oxidation in cases where no simple exchange reaction at rest potential was studied. In the absence of specific designations of the reacting species (e.g. reactions involving complex organometallic compounds) the type of reaction is designated (r) or (o) indicating a reduction or oxidation. Concentrations are given in units as reported if not stated otherwise (M = molarity; m = molality, F equal to M). 4 ) RT designates room temperature as specified in the original report. 2

) If no concentration of the educt is given the standard exchange current density j00 is stated. Values of k cș are printed in italics; values of the apparent rate constant kapp are printed in parentheses in italics. For electrode potentials where the latter rate constant was actually determined the reader is referred to the original literature. 6 ) The influence of the concentration of chloride ions was also studied, no values are listed here. 7 ) Bismuth concentration in amalgam was 3 mM. 8 ) Bismuth concentration in amalgam was 5·10–6 M. 9 ) Bismuth concentration in amalgam was 0.11 M. 10 ) Bismuth concentration in amalgam was 0.3 M. 11 ) Bismuth concentration in amalgam was 0.12 M. 12 ) Bismuth concentration in amalgam was 5·10–4 M. 13 ) Bismuth concentration in amalgam was 5·10–6 M. 14 ) The concentration refers to Bi3+ and Bi(Hg). 5

) The value was obtained using an extrapolation method; with a numerical method k cș = 4.1 cm s–1 was obtained.

15

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

376

5 Exchange current densities

) The value was obtained using an extrapolation method; with a numerical method k cș = 0.44 cm s–1 was obtained.

16 17

) The value of j0 is related to the concentration of cadmium in the amalgam and Cd2+ in solution according to j0 = 8.4 [Cd]0.17 [Cd2+]0.83. 18 ) Because the reactant was present as a film on the electrode no reactant concentration is given. 19 ) Carbon refers to all kinds of carbonaceous, graphitic or similar electrode materials including glassy carbon. 20 ) A synthetic diamond electrode was used. 21 ) A boron-doped diamond electrode was used as prepared. 22 ) An electrochemically oxidized boron-doped diamond electrode was used. The observed rates were concentrationdependent. 23 ) A polycrystalline synthetic diamond electrode was used, values of k0 range between 6·10–9 and 2.4·10–6 cm s–1. 24 ) A single crystal synthetic diamond electrode was used, values of k0 range between 4·10–8 and 1.7·10–5 cm s–1. 25 ) A single crystal synthetic diamond electrode was used, values of k0 range between 4·10–8 and 6.5·10–7 cm s–1. 26 ) A polished glassy carbon electrode was used. 27 ) A carbon paste electrode was used. 28 ) A carbon paste made of Acheson graphite and bromonaphthalene was used. 29 ) A carbon paste made of Acheson graphite and nujol was used. 30 ) A carbon paste made of Acheson graphite and bromoform was used. 31 ) A carbon paste made of Acheson graphite and Silicon 1000 was used. 32 ) A carbon paste made of Acheson graphite and Silicon 350 was used. 33 ) A carbon paste made of Acheson graphite and Silicon 50 was used. 34 ) A carbon paste made of Acheson graphite and Silicon 20 was used. 35 ) A carbon paste made of Acheson graphite and Silicon 10 was used. 36 ) Highly boron doped diamond film supplied by Naval Research Laboratory, USA. 37 ) Highly boron doped diamond film supplied by Utah State University, USA. 38 ) An argon-sputtered glassy carbon electrode was used. 39 ) A dinitrophenylhydrazine-treated glassy carbon electrode was used. 40 ) A dinitrobenzoyl chloride-treated glassy carbon electrode was used. 41 ) A 2,6-anthraquinonedisulfonate modified glassy carbon electrode was used. 42 ) A methylene blue-modified sputtered glassy carbon electrode was used. 43 ) A 1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene coated glassy carbon electrode was used. 44 ) A boron-doped diamond electrode was used as prepared. 45 ) An electrochemically oxidized boron-doped diamond electrode was used. The observed rates were concentrationdependent. 46 ) A carbon paste electrode was used. 47 ) A boron-doped diamond electrode was used after wet etching. 48 ) Anodically activated glassy carbon. 49 ) THAP = Tetrahexylammoniumperchlorate. 50 ) Calculated with the transfer coefficient and the nitrate concentration only as reported. 51 ) DMSO = Dimethylsulphoxide 52 ) TBAP = Tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate. 53 ) A synthetic diamond electrode was used; values of k0 range between 8.5·10–7 and 1.2·10–5 cm s–1. 54 ) DMF = Dimethylformamide. 55 ) Chromium in its active state. 56 ) Chromium in its passive state. 57 ) An electrolytically deposited and a press-formed electrode prepared from equimolar ratios of Cu (32 wt%) and CuCl2 (67 wt%) and 1 wt% polyethylene binder were used. 58 ) Taken from Tafel slope.

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

377

59

) An electrode prepared from equimolar ratios of Cu (32 wt%) and CuCl2 (67 wt%) and 1 wt% polyethylene binder was used. 60 ) 10–3 M Cu. 61 ) 3·10–6 M Cu. 62 ) 3·10–6 ... 2.5·10–3 M Cu. 63 ) en = ethylene diamine. ) Value calculated from j0 assuming α = 0.5 and the given acidity, activity of hydrogen set to 1. ) The authors report a considerable scattering of the obtained data. 66 ) 0.1 mM BiCl3 have been added to the electrolyte solution. 67 ) 0.07 mM PbCl2 have been added to the electrolyte solution. 68 ) 0.2 mM SnCl2 have been added to the electrolyte solution. 69 ) 0.05 mM TlCl have been added to the electrolyte solution. 70 ) The electrode was modified with an adsorbed layer of tin. 71 ) Measured with an educt concentration of 0.1 M. 72 ) Measured with an educt concentration of 0.01 M. 73 ) This study includes an extended evaluation of the catalytic effect of chloride anions. 74 ) TEAP = Tetraethyl ammonium perchlorate. 75 ) The actual values of j0 depended slightly on the pretreatment of the solid electrode. 76 ) Indium-plated platinum electrode. 77 ) Electrode chemically cleaned with chromic acid. 78 ) Experimental conditions were adjusted to keep the working electrode in the passivated state. 79 ) Calculated with the transfer coefficient and the nitrate concentration only as reported. 80 ) Lead alloy containing 1.08 % antimony. 81 ) Lead alloy containing 2.16 % antimony. 82 ) Lead alloy containing 5.76 % antimony. 83 ) Lead alloy containing 1.08 % antimony. 84 ) Lead alloy containing 2.16 % antimony. 85 ) Pr = Propyl 86 ) Bu = Butyl 87 ) Cp = cyclopentadiene. 88 ) NMF = N-methylformamide. 89 ) TBAFB = n-Tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate. 90 ) Cp' = pentamethylcyclopentadiene. 91 ) NMF = N-methylformamide. 92 ) acac = acetylacetonato. 93 ) DEF = N,N-diethylformamide. 94 ) CrEDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetatochromate. 95 ) As a function of viscosity values of k0 between 0.45 and 0.021 cm s–1 were found. 96 ) DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide. 97 ) CrCYDTA = cyclohexanediaminetetraacetatochromate 98 ) LEO = Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether. 99 ) CrHEDTRA = (2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetatochromium. 100 ) HMPA = hexamethylphosphoric triamide. 64 65

) θ refers to the electrode coverage with n-butanol. ) ox = oxalate ion.

101 102

) The value was obtained using an extrapolation method; with a numerical method k cș = 1.16 cm s–1 was obtained.

103

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

378

5 Exchange current densities

) (COT)Fe(CO) 30/ – = tricarbonyl(η4-cyclooctatetraene(iron).

104 105

) acac = acetylacetonato. ) The value of j0 depended on the water/methanol ratio. 107 ) Liquid mercury. 108 ) Solid mercury. 109 ) Calculated with capacitance value from charging experiment. 110 ) Calculated with capacitance value from relaxation experiment. 111 ) Solution contained Triton X-100. 112 ) Mn(TPP)Cl = Chloro(tetraphenylporphinato)manganese(III). 113 ) PC = Propylene carbonate 106

) For the electrode reaction NiOH+ + 2 e– → Ni + OH–

114

) For the electrode reaction Ni2+ + 2 e– → Ni

115

) For the electrode reaction Ni(AcAc)+ + 2 e– → Ni + AcAc ) Sodium hexaphosphate. 118 ) Standard concentration 1 mM. 119 ) L = tartrate. 120 ) L = acetate. 121 ) L = glycolate. 122 ) THxAP = Tetrahexyl ammonium perchlorate. 123 ) TOAP = Tetraoctyl ammonium perchlorate. 124 ) HMPA = hexamethylphosphoramide. 125 ) Experimental conditions were adjusted to keep the working electrode in the passivated state. 126 ) Calculated with the transfer coefficient and the nitrate concentration only as reported. 127 ) Value obtained after saturating the electrode with hydrogen for 73 hours. 128 ) With an underpotentially deposited coating of Thallium. 129 ) Contrary to theory the value of j00 depends on the concentration ration of the redox components with values ranging from 34. 3 < j00 < 154.2 A cm–2. 130 ) Solution saturated with benzene. 131 ) Solution saturated with toluene. 132 ) The activity of the solution was adjusted to 1. 133 ) The unit F as used throughout this report refers to formality and is equal to M for molarity. 134 ) With an underpotentially deposited coating of thallium. 135 ) The electrode was reduced electrochemically prior to the kinetic measurement. 136 ) Bu = Butyl. 137 ) bipy = bipyridyl complex ligand. 138 ) Electrode prepared in hydrogen. 139 ) Electrode prepared in hydrogen and anodically activated. 140 ) Electrode prepared in air. 141 ) Because the reaction is second order the units are cm4 mol–1 s–1. 142 ) The electrode surface has been modified with adsorbed CO. 143 ) The ratio of the rate constant as observed with the modified electrode at a selected electrode potential is divided by the rate constant observed under the same conditions with an unmodified electrode. 144 ) The electrode surface has been modified with adsorbed ethylene. 145 ) The electrode surface has been modified with adsorbed 2-butene. 146 ) The electrode surface has been modified with adsorbed 1,3-butadiene. 147 ) The electrode surface has been modified with adsorbed 1-octene. 116 117

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

379

148

) The electrode surface has been modified with adsorbed CO. ) en = ethylene diamine. 150 ) dien = diethylenetriamine. 149

) (η5-C5H4SiMe2)2Ti(C≡CSiMe3)2 ) THF = tetrahydrofurane. 153 ) NMP = N-methylpyrrolidone-(2). 154 ) The platinum electrode was modified with an iodine adlayer of the specified symmetry. 155 ) AC = acetate anion. 156 ) PAc = phenylacetic acid anion. 157 ) Pyc = 4-pyridine carboxylic acid anion. 158 ) Cpc = Cyclopentadienyl carboxylic acid anion. 159 ) Depending on the degree of coverage with oxygen the rate constant varied between k0 range between 4.6·10–4 and 2·10–5 cm s–1. 160 ) Depending on the degree of coverage with oxygen the rate constant varied between k0 range between 2.4·10–4 and 1.9·10–5 cm s–1. 161 ) Units: cm2 mol–1 s–1. 151 152

162

) Units: s–1.

163

) Value of j0 depends on selection of part of the current density vs. electrode potential curve.

164

) Pr = Propyl. ) Value obtained after saturating the electrode with hydrogen for 38 hours. 166 ) Average from cathodic and anodic Tafel lines. 167 ) Experimental conditions were adjusted to keep the working electrode in the passivated state. 168 ) Calculated with the transfer coefficient and the nitrate concentration only as reported. 169 ) Value of j0 depends on selection of part of the current density vs. electrode potential curve. 170 ) cperchlorate = 3 M. 171 ) csulfate = 1.5 M. 172 ) Mercury concentration in amalgam 0.1 %. 173 ) Mercury concentration in amalgam 0.32 mM ... 0.1 M. 174 ) See list of symbols. 165

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 43Phi 47Ran 47Sal 49Boc 50Ger 51Vet 52Con 52Ran1 52Ran2 53Ger2 54Hil 54Lor 55Ber1 55Ger1 55Jor 55Mat 55Mor 55Vie 56Fro1 56Fro2 56Ger 56Mat 56Mor 57Del 57Ger1 57Meh 57Pen 57Rüe 57Vie 58Bar1 58Bau 58Del 58Ger 58Ima 58Lai 58Lor 59Boc 59Hol 59Ima 59Ive 59Kol 59Lor 59Mat1 59Mat2 59Mat3 59Ran 59Sch1 59Tam 60Bau 60Del

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Philbert, G.: J. Chim. Phys. 40 (1943) 157. Randles, J.E.B.: Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1 (1947) 11. Salt, F.W.: Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1 (1947) 169. Bockris, J.O'M., Parsons, R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 45 (1949) 916. Gerischer, H.: Z. Elektrochem. 54 (1950) 366. Vetter, K.J.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 196 (1951) 360. Conway, B.E.: Electrochemical Data, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1952. Randles, J.E.B., Somerton, K.W.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 48 (1952) 951. Randles, J.E.B., Somerton, K.W.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 48 (1952) 937. Gerischer, H.: Z. Phys. Chem. 202 (1953) 302. Hillson, P.J.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 50 (1954) 385. Lorenz, W.: Z. Elektrochem. 58 (1954) 912. Berzins, T., Delahay, P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 6448. Gerischer, H.: Z. Elektrochem. 59 (1955) 604. Jordan, J.: Anal. Chem. 27 (1955) 1708. Matsuda, H., Ayabe, Y.: Z. Elektrochem. 59 (1955) 494. Morinaga, K.: J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. Pure Chem. Sect. (Nippon Kagaku Zasshi) 76 (1955) 133. Vielstich, W., Gerischer, H.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 4 (1955) 10. Fronaeus, S., Östman, C.O.: Acta Chem. Scand. 10 (1956) 769. Fronaeus, S.: Acta Chem. Scand. 10 (1956) 1345. Gerischer, H., Staubach, K.-E.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 6 (1956) 118. Matsuda, H., Ayabe, Y.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 29 (1956) 134. Morinaga, K.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 29 (1956) 793. Delahay, P.: J. Chim. Phys. 54 (1957) 369. Gerischer, H., Tischer, R.P.: Z. Elektrochem. 61 (1957) 1159. Mehl, W., Bockris, J.O'M.: J. Chem. Phys. 27 (1957) 818. Pentland, N., Bockris, J.O'M., Sheldon, E.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1957) 182. Rüetschi, P., Cahan, B.D.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1957) 406. Vielstich, W., Delahay, P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79 (1957) 1874. Barker, G.C., Faircloth, R.L., Gardner, A.W.: Nature (London) 181 (1958) 247. Bauer, H.H., Elving, P.: Anal. Chem. 30 (1958) 341. Delahay, P., Trachtenberg, I.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80 (1958) 2094. Gerischer, H., Krause, M.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 14 (1958) 184. Imai, H.: J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. Ser. A Math. Phys. Chem. 22 (1958) 291. Laitinen, H.A., Subcasky, W.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80 (1958) 2623. Lorenz, W.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 17 (1958) 136. Bockris, J.O'M., Pentland, N.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 55 (1959) 833. Hollnagel, M., Landsberg, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 212 (1959) 94. Imai, H.: J. Electrochem. Soc. Jpn. 27 (1959) 55. Ives, D.J.G.: Can. J. Chem. 37 (1959) 213. Kolthoff, I.M., Okinska, Y.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81 (1959) 2296. Lorenz, W.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 19 (1959) 377. Mattsson, E., Bockris, J.O'M.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 55 (1959) 1586. Matsuda, H., Ayabe, Y.: Z. Elektrochem. 63 (1959) 1164. Matsuda, H., Oka, S., Delahay, P.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81 (1959) 5077. Randles, J.E.B.: Can. J. Chem. 37 (1959) 238. Schuldiner, S.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 106 (1959) 891. Tamamushi, R., Tanaka, N.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 21 (1959) 89. Bauer, H.H., Smith, D.L., Elving, P.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82 (1960) 2094. Delahay, P., Kleinerman, M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82 (1960) 4509.

R2 60Gie 60Ino 60Los1 60Los2 60Los3 60Mou 60Oki 60Slu 60Str 60Wij3 61Ans 61Bar1 61Bic 61Bro 61Gav 61Gie 61Gok 61Hur1 61Hur2 61Jos 61Kam 61Lor 61Mei 61Mül 61Pam 61Ran 61Reg 61Riu 61She 61Shi 61Smi 61Zin 61deM 62Aga 62Bat 62Beh 62Bon 62Del2 62Del3 62Del4 62Gal 62Ima1 62Ima2 62Jah 62Jor 62Kis 62Kor 62Los1 62Los2

Gierst, L., Cornelissen, R.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 25 (1960) 3004. Inoue, S., Imai, H.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 33 (1960) 149. Loshkarev, M.A., Tomilov, B.I.: Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (English Transl.) 34 (1960) 836; Zh. Fiz. Khim. 34 (1960) 1753. Losev, V.V., Molodov, A.I.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 135 (1960) 1432. Losev, V.V., Molodov, A.I.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 130 (1960) 111. Moussa, A.A., Sammour, H.M.: J. Chem. Soc. (1960) 2151. Okinaka, Y., Kolthoff, I.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82 (1960) 324. Sluyters, J.H., Oomen, J.J.C.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 79 (1960) 1101. Stromberg, A.G., Kartushinskaya, A.I.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 34 (1960) 1684. Wijnen, M.D., Smit, W.M.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 79 (1960) 289. Anson, F.C.: Anal. Chem. 33 (1961) 939. Barker G.C.: Trans. Symp. Electrode Proc. Philadelphia 1959, New York: Wiley, 1961, p. 325. Bicelli, L.P., La Vecchia, A., Graziano, M.: Wadd Tech. Rep. 61-63, Sept. 1961. Brodd, R.J.: J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A 65 (1961) 275. Gavioli, G., Papoff, P.: Ric. Sci. Parte 2 Sez. A 1 (1961) 193. Gierst, L.: Trans. Symp. Electrode Proc. Philadelphia 1959, New York: Wiley, 1961, p. 109. Gokhshtein, Ya.P., Kao, T.-S.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35 (1961) 1699. Hurlen, T.: Acta Chem. Scand. 15 (1961) 621. Hurlen, T.: Acta Chem. Scand. 15 (1961) 630. Joshi, K.M., Mehl, W., Parsons, R.: Trans. Symp. Electrode Proc. Philadelphia 1959, New York: Wiley, 1961, p. 249. Kambara, T., Ishii, T.: Rev. Polarogr. 9 (1961) 30. Lorenz, W., Salié, G.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 218 (1961) 259. Meites, L., Israel, Y.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83 (1961) 4903. Müller, W., Lorenz, W.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 27 (1961) 23. Pamfilov, A.V., Lopushanskaya, A.I.: Ukr. Khim. Zh. 27 (1961) 598. Randles, J.E.B.: Trans. Symp. Electrode Proc. Philadelphia 1959, New York: Wiley, 1961, p. 209. Regner, A., Balej, J.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 26 (1961) 237. Rius, A., Tordesillas, I.M., Sacristan, A.: Electrochim. Acta 4 (1961) 62. Sheinin, A.B., Zinov'ev, V.A., Kheifets, V.L.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35 (1961) 513. Shiratori, H.: Denki Kagaku 29 (1961) 765. Smith, D.E.: Ph.D. Thesis, Columbia University, 1961. Zinov'ev, V.A., Sheinin, A.B., Kheifets, V.L.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35 (1961) 98. de Mars, R.D.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 108 (1961) 779. Agarwal, H.P.: Aust. J. Chem. 15 (1962) 874. Baticle, A.M.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 254 (1962) 668. Behr, B., Dojlido, J., Malyszko, J.: Rocz. Chem. 36 (1962) 725. Bonnemay, M., Costa, M.: Electrochim. Acta 7 (1962) CITCE-meeting. Delahay, P.: Anal. Chem. 34 (1962) 1161. Delahay, P., Aramata, A.: J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 2208. Delahay, P.: Progress in Polarography, Vol. 1, New York: Interscience, 1962. Galus, Z., Adams, R.N.: Am. Chem. Soc. Meeting, 9.-14.09.1962, Atlantic City, NJ, USA. Imai, H.: J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 1744. Imai, H., Delahay, P.: J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 1108. Jahn, D., Vielstich, W.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 109 (1962) 849. Jordan, J., Javick, R.A.: Electrochim. Acta 6 (1962) 23. Kisova, L., Jakesova, M., Fischer, O.: Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 27 (1962) 1962. Koryta, J.: Electrochim. Acta 6 (1962) 67. Loshkarev, M.A., Tomilov, B.I.: Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (English Transl.) 36 (1962) 66; Zh. Fiz. Khim. 36 (1962) 132. Losev, V.V., Molodov, A.I.: Electrochim. Acta 6 (1962) 81. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R3 62Mat 62Ran 62Tam 62Tom 63Ada 63Aga1 63Aga2 63Aga3 63Aga4 63Bla 63Bud 63Fio 63Fuz 63Gal 63Gor 63Gos 63Hal 63Ham 63Hus 63Koz 63Los 63Mac 63Mat 63Rot 63Slu 63Smi 63Tam 63Tos 63Wol 64Ara 64Bau 64Boc3 64But1 64Ham1 64Ham2 64Joh 64Lai 64Mak 64Mol 64Slu 65Bie 65But3 65But4 65But5 65Ijz 65Iof 65Koz 65Mat 65Mol1 65Mol2 65Mol3 65Nic 65Rai Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Matsuda, H., Ayabe, Y.: Z. Elektrochem. 66 (1962) 469. Randles, J.E.B.: Progress in Polarography 1, New York: Interscience, 1962, p.123. Tamamushi, R., Ishibashi, K., Tanaka, N.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 35 (1962) 209. Tomilov, B.I., Loshkarev, M.A.: Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (English Transl.) 36 (1962) 1027; Zh. Fiz. Khim. 36 (1962) 1753. Adams, R.N.: Rev. Polarogr. 11 (1963) 71. Agarwal, H.P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 5 (1963) 236. Agarwal, H.P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 5 (1963) 245. Agarwal, H.P.: Agra Univ. J. Res. Sci. 12 (1963) 93. Agarwal, H.P.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 110 (1963) 237. Blackedge, J., Hush, N.S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 5 (1963) 435. Budov, G.M., Losev, V.V.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37 (1963) 1023. Fiorani, M., Bombi, G.G., Marchetto, M.T.: Chim. Ind. (Milan) 45 (1963) 796. Fuzisawa, T.: Nippon Kagaku Zasshi (J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. Pure Chem. Sect.) 84 (1963) 629. Galus, Z., Adams, R.N.: J. Phys. Chem. 67 (1963) 866. Gorodetskii, V.V., Losev, V.V.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 151 (1963) 361. Gossner, K.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 36 (1963) 392. Hale, J.M., Parsons, R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 59 (1963) 1429. Hamelin, A.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 257 (1963) 1709. Hush, N.S., Blackledge, J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 5 (1963) 420. Kozhevnikova, N.M., Rotinyan, A.L.: Zh. Prikl. Khim. 36 (1963) 1950. Losev, V.V., Molodov, A.I.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 148 (1963) 1114. Macero, D.J., Anderson, L.B.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 6 (1963) 221. Matsuda, H., Ayabe, Y., Adachi, K.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 67 (1963) 593. Rotinyan, A.L., Kozhevnikova, N.M.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37 (1963) 1818. Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 82 (1963) 535. Smith, D.E.: Anal. Chem. 35 (1963) 610. Tamamushi, R., Tanaka, N.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 39 (1963) 117. Toshima, S., Okinaka, Y., Okaniwa, H.: Denki Kagaku 31 (1963) 854. Wolf, D.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 5 (1963) 186. Aramata, A., Delahay, P.: J. Phys. Chem. 68 (1964) 880. Bauer, H.H.: Aust. J. Chem. 17 (1964) 715. Bockris, J.O’M., Srinivasan, S.: Electrochim. Acta 9 (1964) 31. Butler, J.N., Makrides, A.C.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 60 (1964) 1664. Hamelin, A.: C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Ser. C 259 (1964) 362. Hamelin, A.: Electrochim. Acta 9 (1964) 289. Johansson, R.: Acta Chem. Scand. 18 (1964) 1809. Laitinen, H.A., Eda, K., Nakanishi, M.: Talanta 11 (1964) 321. Makrides, A.C.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 111 (1964) 392. Molodov, A.I., Losev, V.V.: Zh. Fiz. Khim. 38 (1964) 1481. Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 83 (1964) 967. Biegler, T., Laitinen, H.A.: Anal. Chem. 37 (1965) 572. Butler, J.N., Barron-Apps, E.A., Meehan, M.L.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 61 (1965) 2509. Butler, J.N., Meehan, M.L.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 61 (1965) 2521. Butler, J.N., Dienst, M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 112 (1965) 226. Ijzermans, A.B., Sluyters, J.H.: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 84 (1965) 751. Iofa, Z.A., Makorova, V.A.: Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 230. Kozhevnikova, N.M., Rotinyan, A.L.: Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 664. Matthews, D.B.: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1965. Molodov, A.I., Losev, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 149. Molodov, A.I., Losev, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 53. Molodov, A.I., Losev, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 651. Nicholson, R.S.: Anal. Chem. 37 (1965) 1351. Raicheva, S., Andreeva, L.: C. R. Acad. Bulg. Sci. 18 (1965) 1023.

R4 65Sat 65Sri 65Tos 66Bau 66But3 66Chr 66Cos 66Gau 66Gor 66Ham 66Kra1 66Kra2 66Los 66Par2 66Slu 67Bat 67Dir 67Ell 67Far 67Fri 67Gal 67Gor 67Har 67Jai 67Koo1 67Koo2 67Los 67Man 67Thi1 67Thi2 67Tim 67Wei2 68Boc2 68Che 68Cla2 68Gor1 68Gor2 68Gos 68Ham2 68Kov 68Kra 68Lar 68Los 68Moo 68Nec 68Pop 68Ran 68Sal 68Sto 68Tim 68Vij 68Zut

Sathyanarayana, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 10 (1965) 119. Srinivasan, V.S., Torsi, G., Delahay, P.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 10 (1965) 165. Toshima, S., Okinaka, Y., Okaniwa, H.: Denki Kagaku 33 (1965) 19. Bauer, H.H., Foo, D.C.S.: Aust. J. Chem. 19 (1966) 1103. Butler, J.N., Meehan,M.L.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 62 (1966) 3524. Christie, J.H., Parry, E.P., Osteryoung, R.A.: Electrochim. Acta 11 (1966) 1525. Cosovic, B., Branica, M.: J. Polarogr. Soc. 12 (1966) 97. Gaur, J.N., Jain, D.S.: Electrochim. Acta 11 (1966) 1661. Gorodetskii, V.V., Losev, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 656. Hamelin, A., Valette, G.: J. Chim. Phys. 63 (1966) 1285. Kravtsov, V.I., Chamaev, V.N.: Vestn. Leningr. Univ. 4 (1966) 133. Kravtsov, V.I., Zelensky, M.I.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1138. Losev, V.V., Sribny, L.E., Molodov, A.I.: Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1431. Parsons, R., Passeron, E.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 12 (1966) 524. Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: Electrochim. Acta 11 (1966) 73. Baticle, A.M., Perdu, F.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 13 (1967) 364. Dirkse, T.P., DeWit, D., Shoemaker, R.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 114 (1967) 1196. Elliot, D., Buchanan, G.S.: Anal. Chem. 39 (1967) 1245. Farr, J.P.G., Hampson, N.A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 13 (1967) 433. Frischmann, J.K., Timnick, A.: Anal. Chem. 39 (1967) 507. Galus, Z., Jeftic, L.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 14 (1967) 415. Gorodetskii, V.V., Losev, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 1192. Haruyama, S.: Electrochem. Soc. Jpn. 35 (1967) 62. Jain, D.S., Gaur, J.N.: Electrochim. Acta 12 (1967) 413. Kooijman, D.J., Sluyters, J.H.: Electrochim. Acta 12 (1967) 693. Kooijman, D.J., Sluyters, J.H.: Electrochim. Acta 12 (1967) 1579. Losev, V.V., Molodov, A.I., Gorodetskii, V.V.: Electrochim. Acta 12 (1967) 475. Mannan, R.J.: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1967. Thiele, R., Landsberg, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. 236 (1967) 261. Thiele, R., Landsberg, R.: Z. Phys. Chem. 236 (1967) 95. Timmer, B., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 14 (1967) 181. Weir, W.D., Enke, C.G.: J. Phys. Chem. 71 (1967) 280. Bockris, J.O’M., Mannan, R.J., Damjanovich, A.: J. Chem. Phys. 48 (1968) 1898. Chernenko, V.I., Rysakov, A.A., Pristinskaya, Z.I.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 519. Clarke, T.G., Hampson, N.A., Lee, J.B., Morley, J.R., Scanlon, B.: Can. J. Chem. 46 (1968) 3437. Gorodetskii, V.V., Mishenina, K.A., Losev, V.V., Grimberg, A.M., Ostrovskii, G.M.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 46. Gorodetskii, V.V., Fedortsov, L.I., Losev, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 967. Gossner, K., Mansfeld, F.: Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 58 (1968) 24. Hampson, N.A., Larkin, D.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 18 (1968) 401. Kovalenko, P.N., Tsyganov, E.M., Estifeev, M.M.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 828. Kravtsov, V.I., Chamaev, V.N.: Vestn. Leningr. Univ. 10 (1968) 80. Larionov, O.V., Durdin, Ya.V.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 630. Losev, V.V., Pchel'nikov, A.P.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 264. Moorhead, E.D., Frame II, G.M.: J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 3684. Nechaev, E.A., Bek, R.Yu., Kudryavstev, N.T.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 545. Popova, L.N., Stromberg, A.G.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 1147. Randles, J.E.B., Whitehouse, D.R.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 64 (1968) 1376. Salié, G.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 239 (1968) 411. Stonehart, P.: Electrochim. Acta 13 (1968) 1789. Timmer, B., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 19 (1968) 73. Vijh, A.K.: J. Phys. Chem. 72 (1968) 1148. Zutic, V., Branica, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 19 (1968) 259. Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R5 69Bar2 69Bar3 69Bro2 69Cus 69Dau 69Dek 69Gal 69Gor 69Gri2 69Ham3 69Nik 69Nor 69Pun 69Suz 69Tan1 69Tan2 69Tka 69Wil 69Yam 69deL 69van 70Ans 70Arm 70Avd 70Aya 70Bar3 70Bar4 70Bar5 70Bon 70Bre 70Cas 70Cla 70Eis 70Gau 70Ham 70Her 70Hub 70Kap 70Kin 70Lau 70Los 70Mak 70Mou 70Nis 70Rot1 70Sal1 70Sal2 70Sch 70Sha1 Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Bartelt, H., Landazury, S.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 22 (1969) 105. Bartelt, H., Skilandat, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 23 (1969) 407. Brodd, R.J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. Jpn. 37 (1969) 181. Cushing, J.P., Hubbard, A.T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 23 (1969) 183. Daum, P.H., Enke, C.G.: Anal. Chem. 41 (1969) 653. Dekker, B.G., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 21 (1969) 137. Galizzioli, D.: Thesis, University of Milan, 1969. Gorodetskii, V.V., Alenina, A.G., Losev, V.V.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 227. Grilikhes, M.S., Krasikov, B.S., Solotskaya, N.S.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 859. Hampson, N.A., Larkin, D.: Trans. Faraday Soc. 65 (1969) 1660. Niki, K.K., Hackerman, N.: J. Phys. Chem. 73 (1969) 1023. Norakidze, I.G., Kazakov, V.A., Vagramyan, A.T.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 970. Punning, K., Past, V.: Uch. Zap. Tartu. Gos. Univ. 235 (1969) 35. Suzuki, J.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 42 (1969) 3487. Tanaka, N., Yamada, A.: Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 491. Tanaka, N., Aoki, Y., Yamada, A.: Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 1155. Tkachik, Z.A., Gorbunova, K.M., Sevastyanov, E.S.: Elektrokhimiya 5 (1969) 1125. Wilde, B.E., Hodge, F.G.: Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 619. Yamada, A., Tanaka, N.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 42 (1969) 1600. de Leeuwe, R., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 1183. van Leeuwen, H.P., Kooijman, D.J., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., Sluyters, J.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 23 (1969) 475. Anson, F.C., Rathjen, N., Frisbee, R.F.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 117 (1970) 477. Armstrong, R.D., Henderson, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 26 (1970) 381. Avdeyev, D.K., Aleksandrov, G.V., Durdin, Y.V.: Proc. 2nd Symposium on Double Layer and Adsorption on Solid Electrodes, Tartu, 1970, p. 58. Ayabe, Y., Matsuda, H.: Abstracts of the 16th Meeting of the Polarographic Society of Japan, 1970, p. 51. Bartelt, H., Skilandat, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 25 (1970) 79. Bartelt, H., Skilandat, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 24 (1970) 207. Bartelt, H., Skilandat, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 24 (1970) 407. Bonewitz, R.A., Schmidt, G.M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 117 (1970) 1367. Breckenridge, J.H., Harris, W.E.: Can. J. Chem. 48 (1970) 1934. Casadio, S., Orlandini, F.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 26 (1970) 91. Clark, J.T., Hampson, N.A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 26 (1970) 307. Eisenberg, M., Kuppinger, R.E., Wong, K.M.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 117 (1970) 577. Gaur, J.N., Goswami, N.K.: Electrochim. Acta 15 (1970) 519. Hampson, N.A., Larkin, D.: Anal. Chem. 42 (1970) 1823. Herbelin, J.M., Andersen, T.N., Eyring, H.: Electrochim. Acta 15 (1970) 1455. Hubbard, A.T., Anson, F.C.: Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 4, Bard, A.J. (ed.), New York: Marcel Dekker, 1970. Kapoor, R.C., Mathur, K.C.K.: Indian J. Chem. 8 (1970) 168. Kinard, W.F., Philp jr., R.H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 25 (1970) 373. Lau, A.L.Y. Hubbard, A.T.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 24 (1970) 237. Losev, V.V., Pchel'nikov, A.P.: Elektrokhimiya 6 (1970) 41. Maki, N., Yamamoto, K.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 43 (1970) 2450. Moussa, A.A., Abou Romia, M.M., El-Taib Heakal, F.: Electrochim. Acta 15 (1970) 1391. Nishihara, C., Matsuda, H.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 28 (1970) 17. Rotinyan, A.L., Kilimnin, A.B., Levin, E.D.: Proc. 2nd Symposium on Double Layer and Adsorption on Solid Electrodes, Tartu, 1970, p. 321. Salie, G.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 244 (1970) 1. Salie, G.: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 240 (1970) 421. Schleinitz, K.D., Landsberg, R., Lowis of Menar, G.V.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 28 (1970) 287. Sharma, L.R., Dutt, J.: Indian J. Chem. 8 (1970) 170.

R6 70Suz 70Ten 70Tho 70Tim 70Yam 70Zut 70deK 70deL 71Aga 71Aya 71Bar1 71Bar2 71Bar3 71Bar4 71Bie 71Che 71Gor 71Ham2 71Iss 71Lau 71Nik 71Ruz 71Sad 71Sip 71deK 72Ang 72Bek 72Haw 72Hue 72Iss1 72Iss2 72Iss3 72Lai 72Ree 72Roh 72Stu 72Tan 73Cap 73Gal 73Pol 73Rod 74Aga 75Saj1 75Saj2 76Wea 78Ber 78Eve 78Sat 78Web

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R7 80Bar1 80Bar3 80Ber 83Iwa 83Vie 84Bal 84Bar2 84Gro 84Guy 84Li 85Dur 85Gen 85Iwa 85Li 85Opa 86Ham 86McM 86Opa 87Hun 87Zha 88Boc 88Wip 89Chu 89Rod 90Gra 91Bar2 91Cha 91Cur 91Kan 92Faw1 92Faw2 92Saf 93Faw 93Gao 93Mu 93Win 95Ale 95Che 95Hec1 95Hec2 95Urb 96Boc 96Mar 96Tor 96Win 97Faw 97Krs

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Barr, S., Guyer, K., Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 111 (1980) 41. Baranski, A.S., Fawcett, W.R.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 76 (1980) 1962. Bernstein, C., Vielstich, W.: Proc. 3rd Symp. Electrode Processes, Boston 1979, The Electrochemical Society (ed.), Princeton: The Electrochemical Society, 1980, p. 350. Iwasita, T., Schmickler, W., Herrmann, J., Vielstich, W.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 130 (1983) 2026. Vielstich, W.: Electrochemical Society Meeting, San Francisco, 1983, Ext. Abstr. 815. Baldwin, R.P., Ravichandran, K., Johnson, R.K.: J. Chem. Educ. 61 (1984) 820. Barr, S.W., Weaver, M.J.: Inorg. Chem. 23 (1984) 1657. Gross, M., Jordan, J.: Pure Appl. Chem. 56 (1984) 1095. Guyer, K.L., Weaver, M.J.: Inorg. Chem. 23 (1984) 1664. Li, T.-T., Liu, H.Y., Weaver, M.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106 (1984) 1233. Durliat, H., Delorme, P., Comtat, M.: Electrochim. Acta 30 (1985) 1071. Gennett, T., Milner, D.F., Weaver, M.J.: J. Phys. Chem. 89 (1985) 2787. Iwasita, T., Schmickler, W., Schultze, J.W.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 89 (1985) 138. Li, T.T.-T., Weaver, M.J.: Inorg. Chem. 24 (1985) 1882. Opallo, M., Kapturkiewicz, A.: Electrochim. Acta 30 (1985) 1301. Hamelin, A., Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 209 (1986) 109. McManis, G.E., Golovin, M.N., Weaver, M.J.: J. Phys. Chem. 90 (1986) 6563. Opallo, M.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 82 (1986) 339. Hung, N.C., Nagy, Z.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 134 (1987) 2215. Zhang, X., Yang, H., Bard, A.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109 (1987) 1916. Bochmann, H.G., Vielstich, W.: Electrochim. Acta 33 (1988) 805. Wipf, D.O., Kristensen, E.W., Deakin, M.R., Wightman, R.M.: Anal. Chem. 60 (1988) 306. Chu, D., Tryk, D., Gervasio, D., Yeager, E.B.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 272 (1989) 277. Rodes, A., Feliu, J., Aldaz, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 271 (1989) 127. Grampp, G., Kapturkiewicz, A., Jaenicke, W.: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 94 (1990) 439. Baranski, A.S., Winkler, K., Fawcett, W.R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 313 (1991) 367. Chang, S.-C., Lau, S.-Y., Schardt, B.C., Weaver, M.J.: J. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 4787. Curtiss, L.A., Halley, J.W., Hautmann, J., Hung, N.C., Nagy, Z., Rhee, Y.-J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (1991) 2032. Kaneko, H., Nozaki, K., Wada, Y., Aoki, T., Negishi, A., Kamimoto, M.: Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 1191. Fawcett, W.R., Opallo, M.: J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 2920. Fawcett, W.R., Opallo, M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 331 (1992) 815. Safford, L.K., Weaver, M.J.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 331 (1992) 857. Fawcett, W.R., Fedurco, M.: J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 7075. Gao, Z.Q., Bobacka, J., Ivaska, A.: Electrochim. Acta 38 (1993) 379. Mu, X.H., Schultz, F.A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 353 (1993) 349. Winkler, K., Baranski, A.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 346 (1993) 197. Alehashem, S., Chambers, F. J.W., Strojek, J.W., Swain, G.M., Ramesham, R.: Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 2812. Chen, P., Fryling, M.A., McCreery, R.L.: Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 3115. Hecht, M., Fawcett, W.R.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 396 (1995) 473 Hecht, M., Fawcett, W.R.: J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 1311. Urbanczyk, A., Debek, E., Kalinowski, M.K.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 389 (1995) 141. Bockris, J.O'M., Kim, J.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 (1996) 3801. Martin, H.B., Argoitia, A., Landau, U., Anderson, A.B., Angus, J.C.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 (1996) L133. Torres, L.M., Gil, A.F., Galicia, L., Gonzalez, I.: J. Chem. Educ. 73 (1996) 808. Winkler, K., Baranski, A.S., Fawcett, W.R.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92 (1996) 3899. Fawcett, W.R.: Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 833. Krstajic, N.V., Grgur, B.N., Mladenovic, N.S., Vojnovic, M.V., Jaksic, M.M.: Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 323.

R8 97Mar 97Per 98Evs2

98Kit 98Per 98Ple 99Evs 00Gra 00Jak 01Liu 02Fer1 02Fer2 02Ste 03Ort

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Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

380

5 Exchange current densities

Table 5.2. Exchange current densities and rate constants in aqueous systems at miscellaneous surfaces. Solution

Bronzes Na0.9WO3

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

RT

29

CP

69Voj

Na0.7WO3

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O

Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

RT

23

CP

69Voj

Na0.5WO3

0.5 M H2SO4/H2O Fe(CN)36 – /4 –

RT

15

CP

69Voj

Lead oxide (PbO2)

5 M H2SO4/H2O

Pb4+/2+

25

3.2·10–4

IP

68Agu

Tin oxide (SnO2), In-doped

0.24 M cacodylic acid/H2O, pH=7 0.24 M cacodylic acid/H2O, pH=7 0.24 M cacodylic acid/H2O, pH=7 0.24 M cacodylic acid/H2O, pH=7

horse heart cytochrome c (r), 38 μM horse heart cytochrome c (r), 73 μM horse heart cytochrome c (r), 73 μM horse heart cytochrome c (r), 300 μM

22

4.9·10–3

CV

82Bow 4)

22

1.7·10–3

CV

82Bow

22

1·10–4

DCVA

82Bow

22

8.1·10–4

CV

82Bow

O2 (r), p=1 atm O2 (r), p=1 atm O2 (r), p=1 atm O2 (r), p=1 atm

600 700 800 900

4.2·10–3 3.7·10–3 1.8·10–3 4.4·10–3

CV; IP CV; IP CV; IP CV; IP

05Co 05Co 05Co 05Co

LaSrMnO3 solid electrode 5 YSZ ) solid electrode (ZrO2+Y2O3) solid electrode solid electrode

Educt, product, concentration 1)

j0, j00 or k cș 2) T Method 3) Ref. [°C] [A cm–2 or cm–1]

Electrode

1

) The educt/reacting species for the charge transfer reaction to which j0 is referring to is stated only if it is not already given by the composition of the electrolyte solution. If the concentrations of the reactants are given in addition the exchange current density j0 will be stated subsequently. The arrangement of species identifies the reaction as a reduction or an oxidation. In the absence of specific designations of the reaction product (e.g. reactions involving complex organometallic compounds) the type of reaction is designated (r) or (o) indicating a reduction or oxidation. 2 ) If no concentration of the educt is given the standard exchange current density j00 is stated. Values of k ș are c printed in italics. 3 ) CP = current-potential curves; CV = cyclic voltammetry; DCVA = derivative cyclic voltabsorptometry; IP = impedance method. See also list of symbols. 4 ) The unexpected dependence of the rate constant on the reactant concentration was tentatively assigned to traces of impurities. 5 ) YSZ = Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 68Agu 69Voj 82Bow 05Co

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Aguf, I.A.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 1130. Vojnovic, M.V., Sepa, D.B.: J. Chem. Phys. 51 (1969) 5344. Bowden, E.F., Bancroft, E.E., Blount, H.N., Chlebowski, J.F., Hawkridge, F.M., Thorpe, C.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104 (1982) 7641. Co, A.C., Xia, S.J., Birss, V.I.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 (2005) A570.

5 Exchange current densities

381

Table 5.3. Exchange current densities in molten salt electrolyte systems. j0, j00 or k cș 3) Method Ref. –2 –1 9 [A cm or cm s ] )

Electrode 1) Electrolyte

Educt, product, T concentration 2) [°C]

Aluminum 66mol%AlCl3 +20mol%NaCl (Al) +14mol%KCl Bismuth eutectic of LiCl+KCl (Bi) eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl Cadmium eutectic of LiCl+KCl (Cd)(Hg) eutectic of LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3+0.02 mol% KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl

Al3+, (r)

217

0.86

Bi2+ Bi0/3+ Bi3+/0 Cd2+ Cd2+

450 450 450 450 156

8 8 5.7·10–3 210 0.53

PS PS PS GD FR

60Lai2 61Lai 70Bek 60Lai2 58Bar1

Cd2+ Cd2+

450 450

210 210

60Lai2 61Lai

Cd2+

450 450

1.8·10–3 0.052

PS GD, PS IP CV

175 800 450 450 450 156

8.6·10–6 3.1·10–4 1.2·10–3 0.01 30 1.4

CV IP IP GD GD FR

84Gro 70Bek 70Bek 60Lai2 61Lai 58Bar1

Mn2+/0

1450

0.298

IP

68Bul

Mn2+/0

1450

0.334

IP

68Bul

Mn2+/0

1450

0.238

IP

68Bul

Mn2+/0

1450

0.436

IP

68Bul

Mn2+/0

1450

0.890

IP

68Bul

Mn2+/0

1450

0.415

IP

68Bul

Mn2+/0

1450

0.550

IP

68Bul

Carbon

eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl

NaCl-AlCl3 molten KCl+NaCl molten KCl+NaCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3+0.02 mol% KCl Manganese 41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO (Mn) +0.22% MnO 41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO +0.31% MnO 41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO +0.52% MnO 41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO +0.52% MnO 41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO +0.52% MnO 41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO +0.58% MnO 41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO+0.8% MnO (C) Lead (Hg)

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

ClO 2+ /ClO 2 Cl–/Cl2 2+/0

Pb Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0 Pb2+/0, 1 M Pb2+/0

71Hof

70Bek 84Gro

382

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1) Electrolyte

Mn

Mercury (Hg) Nickel (Ni) (Ni)(Hg)

Platinum (Pt)

Silver (Ag)

41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO +1.43% MnO 41.5% CaO+51.8% Al2O3 +6.7% MgO +1.72% MnO 27% LiNO3 +18% NaNO3 +55% KNO3 eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl 27% LiNO3 +18% NaNO3+55% KNO3 eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl 27wt% LiNO3 +18wt% NaNO3 +55wt% KNO3 eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl

Educt, product, T concentration 2) [°C]

j0, j00 or k cș 3) Method Ref. –2 –1 9 [A cm or cm s ] )

Mn2+/0

1450

0.650

IP

68Bul

Mn2+/0

1450

0.695

IP

68Bul

Ni2+/0

140

0.0042

IP

55Ran

Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0 Ni2+/0

450 450 140

110 110 0.0062

GD GD IP

60Lai2 61Lai 55Ran

Pb2+ Ni2+ Co2+ Cd2+/0 Zn2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 Pt2+/0 V3+/2+

450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450

172 172 172 31.8 31.8 40 40 1.32·10–2 1.76·10–2 ~3·10–2 ~3·10–2 1.5·10–2 1.3·10–2 1.7·10–2 1.3·10–2 1.7·10–2 1.49·10–2 1.3·10–2 30

IP IP IP IP IP GD GD IP 4) IP 5) FR FD IP IP IP IP IP CS IP PS

57Lai 57Lai 57Lai 57Lai 57Lai 60Lai2 61Lai 72Hil1 72Hil1 72Hil2 72Hil2 72Hil2 72Hil2 4) 72Hil2 5) 72Hil2 6) 72Hil2 7) 72Hil3 8) 72Hil3 60Lai2 4)

Ag+ Ag/Ag+ Ag/Ag+

450 410 120

190 7·10–4 2·10–2

GD IP IP

60Lai2 59Hil 59Hil

Ag+ Ag+ Ag+ Ag+ Ag+ Ag+ Ag+

450 450 450 450 450 450 450

IP IP FR FD IP IP IP

72Hil1 4) 72Hil1 5) 72Hil2 72Hil2 72Hil2 72Hil2 4) 72Hil2 5)

1.35·10–2 2.04·10–2 ~0.1 ~0.1 0.17 0.13 0.02·10–2

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

5 Exchange current densities

Electrode 1) Electrolyte

Titanium (Ti) Vanadium (V) Yttrium (Y) Zinc (Zn)

Educt, product, T concentration 2) [°C]

eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl

Ag+ Ag+ Ag+

450 450 450

eutectic of LiCl+KCl

Ti2+/Ti3+

400

eutectic of LiCl+KCl

V3+/2+

450

eutectic of LiCl+KCl

Zn2+

450

eutectic of LiCl+KCl eutectic of LiCl+KCl

Zn2+ Zn2+

450 450

eutectic of LiCl+KCl

Zn2+

450

383

j0, j00 or k cș 3) Method Ref. –2 –1 9 [A cm or cm s ] ) 0.19·10–2 0.67·10–2 ~0.115

IP IP CS

72Hil2 6) 72Hil2 7) 72Hil3

IP

59Hil

PS

60Lai2

0.3

GD

60Lai2

0.4 150

PS GD, PS IP

60Lai2 61Lai

0.9 30

0.19

70Bek

1

) The term (Hg) denotes an amalgam electrode.

2

) The educt/reacting species for the charge transfer reaction to which j0 is referring to is stated only if it is not already given by the composition of the electrolyte solution. If the concentration of the educt is given in addition the exchange current density j0 will be stated. ) If no concentration of the educt is given the standard exchange current density j00 is stated. Values referring to k cș are marked (k). 4 ) The electrode was a flat microelectrode. 5 ) The electrode was a hemispherical microelectrode. 6 ) Flat microelectrode, complex plane analysis. 7 ) Hemispherical microelectrode, complex plane analysis. 8 ) Wire microelectrode. 9 ) CS = coulostatic method, CV = cyclic voltamogram, FD = Faradaic distortion method, FR = Faradaic rectification, GD = galvanostatic double pulse method, IP = impedance method, PS = potential step method. See also list of symbols. 3

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

R1

References 55Ran 57Lai 58Bar1 59Hil 60Lai2 61Lai 68Bul 70Bek 71Hof 72Hil1 72Hil2 72Hil3 84Gro

Landolt-Börnstein New Series IV/9A

Randles, J.E.B., White, W.: Z. Elektrochem. 59 (1955) 666. Laitinen, H.A., Gaur, H.C.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1957) 730. Barker, G.C., Faircloth, R.L., Gardner, A.W.: Nature (London) 181 (1958) 247. Hill, D.L., Hills, G.J., Young, L., Bockris, J. O'M.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 1 (1959/60) 79. Laitinen, H.A., Tischer, R.P., Roe, D.K.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 107 (1960) 546. Laitinen, H.A., Tischer, R., Roe, D.K.: Trans. Symp. Electrode Proc. Philadelphia 1959, New York: Wiley, 1961, p. 185. Buler, P.I., Nikitin, Yu.P.: Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 330. Bek, R.Yu., Lifshits, A.S.: Izv. Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim. Nauk (1970) 53. Hoff, H.: Electrochim. Acta 16 (1971) 1357. Hill, D.L., Fung, K.W., Hsieh, S., Lee, H.L.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 38 (1972) 57. Hill, D.L., Fung, K.W., Lee, H.L.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 38 (1972) 67. Hill, D.L., Fung, K.W., Lee, H.L.: J. Electroanal. Chem. 38 (1972) 75. Gross, M., Jordan, J.: Pure Appl. Chem. 56 (1984) 1095.