Electrical Installation Handbook

Electrical installation handbook Volume 1 th 5 edition 1SDC008001D0205 1SDC008001D0205 Printed in Italy 03/07 Prote...

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Electrical installation handbook Volume 1 th

5 edition

1SDC008001D0205

1SDC008001D0205 Printed in Italy

03/07

Protection and control devices

Due to possible developments of standards as well as of materials, the characteristics and dimensions specified in this document may only be considered binding after confirmation by ABB SACE.

ABB SACE S.p.A. An ABB Group Company

L.V. Breakers Via Baioni, 35 24123 Bergamo - Italy Tel.: +39 035.395.111 - Telefax: +39 035.395.306-433 http://www.abb.com

ABB SACE

Protection and control devices

Electrical installation handbook

Volume 1

Protection and control devices

5th edition March 2007

Index Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2

First edition 2003 Second edition 2004 Third edition 2005 Fourth edition 2006 Fifth edition 2007 Published by ABB SACE via Baioni, 35 - 24123 Bergamo (Italy) All rights reserved

1 Standards 1.1 General aspects ............................................................................................. 3 1.2 IEC Standards for electrical installation.......................................................... 15 2 Protection and control devices 2.1 Circuit-breaker nameplates ........................................................................... 22 2.2 Main deﬁnitions ............................................................................................. 24 2.3 Types of releases .......................................................................................... 28 2.3.1 Thermomagnetic releases and only magnetic releases ....................... 28 2.3.2 Electronic releases ............................................................................. 30 2.3.3 Residual current devices .................................................................... 34 3 General characteristics 3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit breakers ................................................... 38 3.2 Trip curves .................................................................................................... 45 3.2.1 Software “Curves 1.0” ........................................................................ 45 3.2.2 Trip curves of thermomagnetic releases ............................................. 46 3.2.3 Functions of electronic releases ......................................................... 51 3.3 Limitation curves........................................................................................... 76 3.4 Speciﬁc let-through energy curves ................................................................ 79 3.5 Temperature derating .................................................................................... 80 3.6 Altitude derating ........................................................................................... 90 3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors .......................................... 91 4 Protection coordination 4.1 Protection coordination ................................................................................ 98 4.2 Discrimination tables ................................................................................... 107 4.3 Back-up tables ........................................................................................... 140 4.4 Coordination tables between circuit breakers and switch disconnectors .................................................................................. 144 5 Special applications 5.1 Direct current networks............................................................................... 148 5.2 Networks at particular frequencies; 400 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz ......................... 159 5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks .............................................................. 176 5.4 Automatic Transfer Switches....................................................................... 188 6 Switchboards 6.1 Electrical switchboards ............................................................................... 190 6.2 MNS switchboards ..................................................................................... 198 6.3 ArTu distribution switchboards .................................................................... 199 Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards ................................................................ 202 Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890 ...................................................................... 211 Annex C: Application examples: Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases ................................................ 225

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1

Introduction

1 Standards 1.1 General aspects

Scope and objectives

In each technical ﬁeld, and in particular in the electrical sector, a condition sufﬁcient (even if not necessary) for the realization of plants according to the “status of the art” and a requirement essential to properly meet the demands of customers and of the community, is the respect of all the relevant laws and technical standards. Therefore, a precise knowledge of the standards is the fundamental premise for a correct approach to the problems of the electrical plants which shall be designed in order to guarantee that “acceptable safety level” which is never absolute.

The scope of this electrical installation handbook is to provide the designer and user of electrical plants with a quick reference, immediate-use working tool. This is not intended to be a theoretical document, nor a technical catalogue, but, in addition to the latter, aims to be of help in the correct deﬁnition of equipment, in numerous practical installation situations. The dimensioning of an electrical plant requires knowledge of different factors relating to, for example, installation utilities, the electrical conductors and other components; this knowledge leads the design engineer to consult numerous documents and technical catalogues. This electrical installation handbook, however, aims to supply, in a single document, tables for the quick deﬁnition of the main parameters of the components of an electrical plant and for the selection of the protection devices for a wide range of installations. Some application examples are included to aid comprehension of the selection tables.

Juridical Standards These are all the standards from which derive rules of behavior for the juridical persons who are under the sovereignty of that State.

Electrical installation handbook users Technical Standards These standards are the whole of the prescriptions on the basis of which machines, apparatus, materials and the installations should be designed, manufactured and tested so that efﬁciency and function safety are ensured. The technical standards, published by national and international bodies, are circumstantially drawn up and can have legal force when this is attributed by a legislative measure.

The electrical installation handbook is a tool which is suitable for all those who are interested in electrical plants: useful for installers and maintenance technicians through brief yet important electrotechnical references, and for sales engineers through quick reference selection tables. Validity of the electrical installation handbook Some tables show approximate values due to the generalization of the selection process, for example those regarding the constructional characteristics of electrical machinery. In every case, where possible, correction factors are given for actual conditions which may differ from the assumed ones. The tables are always drawn up conservatively, in favour of safety; for more accurate calculations, the use of DOCWin software is recommended for the dimensioning of electrical installations.

Application ﬁelds

International Body European Body

Electrotechnics and Electronics

Telecommunications

Mechanics, Ergonomics and Safety

IEC CENELEC

ITU ETSI

ISO CEN

This technical collection takes into consideration only the bodies dealing with electrical and electronic technologies.

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) was ofﬁcially founded in 1906, with the aim of securing the international co-operation as regards standardization and certiﬁcation in electrical and electronic technologies. This association is formed by the International Committees of over 40 countries all over the world. The IEC publishes international standards, technical guides and reports which are the bases or, in any case, a reference of utmost importance for any national and European standardization activity. IEC Standards are generally issued in two languages: English and French. In 1991 the IEC has ratiﬁed co-operation agreements with CENELEC (European standardization body), for a common planning of new standardization activities and for parallel voting on standard drafts.

2

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

3

1.1 General aspects

1.1 General aspects

1 Standards

1 Standards

CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

“Low Voltage” Directive 2006/95/CE

The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) was set up in 1973. Presently it comprises 30 countries (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom) and cooperates with 8 afﬁliates (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tunisia, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, Ukraine) which have ﬁrst maintained the national documents side by side with the CENELEC ones and then replaced them with the Harmonized Documents (HD). There is a difference between EN Standards and Harmonization Documents (HD): while the ﬁrst ones have to be accepted at any level and without additions or modiﬁcations in the different countries, the second ones can be amended to meet particular national requirements. EN Standards are generally issued in three languages: English, French and German. From 1991 CENELEC cooperates with the IEC to accelerate the standards preparation process of International Standards. CENELEC deals with speciﬁc subjects, for which standardization is urgently required. When the study of a speciﬁc subject has already been started by the IEC, the European standardization body (CENELEC) can decide to accept or, whenever necessary, to amend the works already approved by the International standardization body.

The Low Voltage Directive refers to any electrical equipment designed for use at a rated voltage from 50 to 1000 V for alternating current and from 75 to 1500 V for direct current. In particular, it is applicable to any apparatus used for production, conversion, transmission, distribution and use of electrical power, such as machines, transformers, devices, measuring instruments, protection devices and wiring materials. The following categories are outside the scope of this Directive: • electrical equipment for use in an explosive atmosphere; • electrical equipment for radiology and medical purposes; • electrical parts for goods and passenger lifts; • electrical energy meters; • plugs and socket outlets for domestic use; • electric fence controllers; • radio-electrical interference; • specialized electrical equipment, for use on ships, aircraft or railways, which complies with the safety provisions drawn up by international bodies in which the Member States participate.

EC DIRECTIVES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Among its institutional roles, the European Community has the task of promulgating directives which must be adopted by the different member states and then transposed into national law. Once adopted, these directives come into juridical force and become a reference for manufacturers, installers, and dealers who must fulﬁll the duties prescribed by law. Directives are based on the following principles: • harmonization is limited to essential requirements; • only the products which comply with the essential requirements speciﬁed by the directives can be marketed and put into service; • the harmonized standards, whose reference numbers are published in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities and which are transposed into the national standards, are considered in compliance with the essential requirements; • the applicability of the harmonized standards or of other technical speciﬁcations is facultative and manufacturers are free to choose other technical solutions which ensure compliance with the essential requirements; • a manufacturer can choose among the different conformity evaluation procedure provided by the applicable directive. The scope of each directive is to make manufacturers take all the necessary steps and measures so that the product does not affect the safety and health of persons, animals and property. 4

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

(*) T h e n e w D i r e c t i v e 2004/108/CE has become effective on 20th January, 2005. Anyway a period of transition (up to July 2009) is foreseen during which time the putting on the market or into service of apparatus and systems in accordance with the previous Directive 89/336/CE is still allowed. The provisions of the new Directive can be applied starting from 20th July, 2007.

Directive EMC 89/336/EEC* (“Electromagnetic Compatibility”) The Directive on electromagnetic compatibility regards all the electrical and electronic apparatus as well as systems and installations containing electrical and/or electronic components. In particular, the apparatus covered by this Directive are divided into the following categories according to their characteristics: • domestic radio and TV receivers; • industrial manufacturing equipment; • mobile radio equipment; • mobile radio and commercial radio telephone equipment; • medical and scientiﬁc apparatus; • information technology equipment (ITE); • domestic appliances and household electronic equipment; • aeronautical and marine radio apparatus; • educational electronic equipment; • telecommunications networks and apparatus; • radio and television broadcast transmitters; • lights and ﬂuorescent lamps. The apparatus shall be so constructed that: a) the electromagnetic disturbance it generates does not exceed a level allowing radio and telecommunications equipment and other apparatus to operate as intended; b) the apparatus has an adequate level of intrinsic immunity to electromagnetic disturbance to enable it to operate as intended. An apparatus is declared in conformity to the provisions at points a) and b) when the apparatus complies with the harmonized standards relevant to its product family or, in case there aren’t any, with the general standards.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

5

1.1 General aspects

1.1 General aspects

1 Standards

1 Standards

CE conformity marking

ABB SACE circuit-breakers (Tmax-Emax) are approved by the following shipping registers:

The CE conformity marking shall indicate conformity to all the obligations imposed on the manufacturer, as regards his products, by virtue of the European Community directives providing for the afﬁxing of the CE marking.

• • • • • •

When the CE marking is afﬁxed on a product, it represents a declaration of the manufacturer or of his authorized representative that the product in question conforms to all the applicable provisions including the conformity assessment procedures. This prevents the Member States from limiting the marketing and putting into service of products bearing the CE marking, unless this measure is justiﬁed by the proved non-conformity of the product.

The manufacturer draw up the technical documentation covering the design, manufacture and operation of the product

The manufacturer guarantees and declares that his products are in conformity to the technical documentation and to the directive requirements

The international and national marks of conformity are reported in the following table, for information only:

COUNTRY

Symbol

Mark designation

In order to ensure the proper function in such environments, the shipping registers require that the apparatus has to be tested according to speciﬁc type approval tests, the most signiﬁcant of which are vibration, dynamic inclination, humidity and dry-heat tests. 6

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Applicability/Organization

EUROPE

–

Mark of compliance with the harmonized European standards listed in the ENEC Agreement.

AUSTRALIA

AS Mark

Electrical and non-electrical products. It guarantees compliance with SAA (Standard Association of Australia).

AUSTRALIA

S.A.A. Mark

Standards Association of Australia (S.A.A.). The Electricity Authority of New South Wales Sydney Australia

AUSTRIA

Austrian Test Mark

Installation equipment and materials

Naval type approval The environmental conditions which characterize the use of circuit breakers for on-board installations can be different from the service conditions in standard industrial environments; as a matter of fact, marine applications can require installation under particular conditions, such as: - environments characterized by high temperature and humidity, including saltmist atmosphere (damp-heat, salt-mist environment); - on board environments (engine room) where the apparatus operate in the presence of vibrations characterized by considerable amplitude and duration.

Italian shipping register Norwegian shipping register French shipping register German shipping register British shipping register American shipping register

Marks of conformity to the relevant national and international Standards

ASDC008045F0201

Manufacturer

EC declaration of conformity

Registro Italiano Navale Det Norske Veritas Bureau Veritas Germanischer Lloyd Lloyd’s Register of Shipping American Bureau of Shipping

It is always advisable to ask ABB SACE as regards the typologies and the performances of the certiﬁed circuit-breakers or to consult the section certiﬁcates in the website http://bol.it.abb.com.

Flow diagram for the conformity assessment procedures established by the Directive 2006/95/CE on electrical equipment designed for use within particular voltage range:

Technical file

RINA DNV BV GL LRs ABS

OVE ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

7

1.1 General aspects

1.1 General aspects

1 Standards COUNTRY

8

Symbol

1 Standards Mark designation

Applicability/Organization

COUNTRY

Symbol

Mark designation

Applicability/Organization

AUSTRIA

ÖVE Identiﬁcation Thread

Cables

CROATIA

KONKAR

Electrical Engineering Institute

BELGIUM

CEBEC Mark

Installation materials and electrical appliances

DENMARK

DEMKO Approval Mark

Low voltage materials. This mark guarantees the compliance of the product with the requirements (safety) of the “Heavy Current Regulations”

BELGIUM

CEBEC Mark

Conduits and ducts, conductors and ﬂexible cords

FINLAND

Safety Mark of the Elektriska Inspektoratet

Low voltage material. This mark guarantees the compliance of the product with the requirements (safety) of the “Heavy Current Regulations”

BELGIUM

Certiﬁcation of Conformity

Installation material and electrical appliances (in case there are no equivalent national standards or criteria)

FRANCE

ESC Mark

Household appliances

CANADA

CSA Mark

Electrical and non-electrical products. This mark guarantees compliance with CSA (Canadian Standard Association)

FRANCE

NF Mark

Conductors and cables – Conduits and ducting – Installation materials

CHINA

CCC Mark

This mark is required for a wide range of manufactured products before being exported to or sold in the Peoples Republic of China market.

FRANCE

NF Identiﬁcation Thread

Cables

Czech Republic

EZU’ Mark

Electrotechnical Testing Institute

FRANCE

NF Mark

Portable motor-operated tools

Slovakia Republic

EVPU’ Mark

Electrotechnical Research and Design Institute

FRANCE

NF Mark

Household appliances

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

9

1.1 General aspects

1.1 General aspects

1 Standards COUNTRY

Symbol

1 Standards Mark designation

Applicability/Organization

GERMANY

VDE Mark

For appliances and technical equipment, installation accessories such as plugs, sockets, fuses, wires and cables, as well as other components (capacitors, earthing systems, lamp holders and electronic devices)

GERMANY

VDE Identiﬁcation Thread

GERMANY

VDE Cable Mark

COUNTRY

Symbol

Mark designation

Applicability/Organization

ITALY

IMQ Mark

Mark to be afﬁxed on electrical material for non-skilled users; it certiﬁes compliance with the European Standard(s).

Cables and cords

NORWAY

Norwegian Approval Mark

Mandatory safety approval for low voltage material and equipment

For cables, insulated cords, installation conduits and ducts

NETHERLANDS

KEMA-KEUR

General for all equipment

KWE

Electrical products

Certiﬁcation of Conformity

Electrical and non-electrical products. It guarantees compliance with national standard (Gosstandard of Russia)

SISIR

Electrical and non-electrical products

SIQ

Slovenian Institute of Quality and Metrology

AEE

Electrical products. The mark is under the control of the Asociación Electrotécnica Española (Spanish Electrotechnical Association)

KEUR

MEEI

Hungarian Institute for Testing and Certiﬁcation of Electrical Equipment

RUSSIA

JAPAN

JIS Mark

Mark which guarantees compliance with the relevant Japanese Industrial Standard(s).

SINGAPORE

IIRS Mark

Electrical equipment

SLOVENIA

IIRS Mark

Electrical equipment

SPAIN

O

SIN

PP

R O V ED T

B

A

IRELAND

OF

CO N F

O

AR M

I . I. R . S .

10

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

R M I DA D A

R MA S U N

TY

MAR

FO

R

NO

MI

K

R

C A DE CON

IRELAND

GAPO

E

HUNGARY

geprüfte Sicherheit

POLAND

STA N D AR

Safety mark for technical equipment to be afﬁxed after the product has been tested and certiﬁed by the VDE Test Laboratory in Offenbach; the conformity mark is the mark VDE, which is granted both to be used alone as well as in combination with the mark GS

E

VDE-GS Mark for technical equipment

D

GERMANY

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

11

1.1 General aspects

1.1 General aspects

1 Standards COUNTRY

1 Standards

Symbol

Mark designation

Applicability/Organization

COUNTRY

Symbol

Mark designation

Applicability/Organization

SPAIN

AENOR

Asociación Española de Normalización y Certiﬁcación. (Spanish Standarization and Certiﬁcation Association)

UNITED KINGDOM

BEAB Safety Mark

Compliance with the “British Standards” for household appliances

SWEDEN

SEMKO Mark

Mandatory safety approval for low voltage material and equipment.

UNITED KINGDOM

BSI Safety Mark

Compliance with the “British Standards”

SWITZERLAND

Safety Mark

Swiss low voltage material subject to mandatory approval (safety).

UNITED KINGDOM

BEAB Kitemark

Compliance with the relevant “British Standards” regarding safety and performances

SWITZERLAND

–

Cables subject to mandatory approval

U.S.A.

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES Mark

Electrical and non-electrical products

B R IT I S

H

DENT LA B OR EN

Y

AN I

EP

OR AT

ND

D

PP

A N D AR ST

ROVED

TO

A

N

FO

AF

TI

ET

Y

TES

G

R P U B L IC

S

L I S T E D (Product Name) (Control Number)

Low voltage material subject to mandatory approval

U.S.A.

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES Mark

Electrical and non-electrical products

UNITED KINGDOM

ASTA Mark

Mark which guarantees compliance with the relevant “British Standards”

U.S.A.

UL Recognition

Electrical and non-electrical products

UNITED KINGDOM

BASEC Mark

Mark which guarantees compliance with the “British Standards” for conductors, cables and ancillary products.

CEN

CEN Mark

Mark issued by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN): it guarantees compliance with the European Standards.

UNITED KINGDOM

BASEC Identiﬁcation Thread

Cables

CENELEC

Mark

Cables

K

C FI ER TI

AR

M

C

E

12

AD

AT I

O

N

SEV Safety Mark

TR

SWITZERLAND

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

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13

1.1 General aspects

1 Standards COUNTRY

CENELEC

EC

CEEel

14

Symbol

1 Standards Mark designation Harmonization Mark

Applicability/Organization Certiﬁcation mark providing assurance that the harmonized cable complies with the relevant harmonized CENELEC Standards – identiﬁcation thread

1.2 IEC Standards for electrical installation STANDARD IEC 60027-1

YEAR 1992

TITLE Letter symbols to be used in ectrical technology - Part 1: General

IEC 60034-1

2004

Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance

IEC 60617-DB-Snapshot 2007

Graphical symbols for diagrams

IEC 61082-1

2006

Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology - Part 1: Rules

IEC 60038

2002

IEC standard voltages

IEC 60664-1

2002

Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests

IEC 60909-0

2001

Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems - Part 0: Calculation of currents

IEC 60865-1

1993

Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Deﬁnitions and calculation methods

IEC 60076-1

2000

Power transformers - Part 1: General

IEC 60076-2

1993

Power transformers - Part 2: Temperature rise

EC - Declaration of Conformity

IEC 60076-3

2000

Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air

The EC Declaration of Conformity is the statement of the manufacturer, who declares under his own responsibility that all the equipment, procedures or services refer and comply with speciﬁc standards (directives) or other normative documents. The EC Declaration of Conformity should contain the following information: • name and address of the manufacturer or by its European representative; • description of the product; • reference to the harmonized standards and directives involved; • any reference to the technical speciﬁcations of conformity; • the two last digits of the year of afﬁxing of the CE marking; • identiﬁcation of the signer. A copy of the EC Declaration of Conformity shall be kept by the manufacturer or by his representative together with the technical documentation.

IEC 60076-5

2006

Power transformers - Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit

IEC/TR 60616

1978

Terminal and tapping markings for power transformers

IEC 60076-11

2004

Power transformers - Part 11: Dry-type transformers

IEC 60445

2006

Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identiﬁcation - Identiﬁcation of equipment terminals and conductor terminations

IEC 60073

2002

Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identiﬁcation – Coding for indicators and actuators

IEC 60446

1999

Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identiﬁcation - Identiﬁcation of conductors by colours or numerals

IEC 60447

2004

Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identiﬁcation - Actuating principles

IEC 60947-1

2004

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules

IEC 60947-2

2006

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 2: Circuit-breakers

Ex EUROPEA Mark

CEEel Mark

Mark assuring the compliance with the relevant European Standards of the products to be used in environments with explosion hazards Mark which is applicable to some household appliances (shavers, electric clocks, etc).

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

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15

1.2 IEC standards for electrical installation

1.2 IEC standards for electrical installation

1 Standards STANDARD IEC 60947-3

YEAR 2005

TITLE Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units

IEC 60947-4-1

2002

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters – Electromechanical contactors and motorstarters

IEC 60947-4-2

2007

IEC 60947-4-3

IEC 60947-5-1

STANDARD IEC 60947-7-2

YEAR 2002

TITLE Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 7: Ancillary equipment - Section 2: Protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors

IEC 60439-1

2004

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: Type-tested and partially type-tested assemblies

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-2: Contactors and motor-starters – AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters

IEC 60439-2

2005

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 2: Particular requirements for busbar trunking systems (busways)

2007

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-3: Contactors and motor-starters – AC semiconductor controllers and contactors for non-motor loads

IEC 60439-3

2001

2003

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 3: Particular requirements for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies intended to be installed in places where unskilled persons have access for their use - Distribution boards

IEC 60439-4

2004

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 4: Particular requirements for assemblies for construction sites (ACS)

IEC 60439-5

2006

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 5: Particular requirements for assemblies for power distribution in public networks

IEC 61095

2000

Electromechanical contactors for household and similar purposes

IEC/TR 60890

1987

A method of temperature-rise assessment by extrapolation for partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA) of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear

IEC/TR 61117

1992

A method for assessing the short-circuit withstand strength of partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA)

IEC 60092-303

1980

Electrical installations in ships. Part 303: Equipment - Transformers for power and lighting

IEC 60092-301

1980

Electrical installations in ships. Part 301: Equipment - Generators and motors

IEC 60092-101

2002

Electrical installations in ships - Part 101: Deﬁnitions and general requirements

IEC 60092-401

1980

Electrical installations in ships. Part 401: Installation and test of completed installation

IEC 60092-201

1994

Electrical installations in ships - Part 201: System design - General

IEC 60092-202

1994

Electrical installations in ships - Part 202: System design - Protection

IEC 60947-5-2

2004

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-2: Control circuit devices and switching elements – Proximity switches

IEC 60947-5-3

2005

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-3: Control circuit devices and switching elements – Requirements for proximity devices with deﬁned behaviour under fault conditions

IEC 60947-5-4

IEC 60947-5-5

2002

2005

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5: Control circuit devices and switching elements – Section 4: Method of assessing the performance of low energy contacts. Special tests Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function

IEC 60947-5-6

1999

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-6: Control circuit devices and switching elements – DC interface for proximity sensors and switching ampliﬁers (NAMUR)

IEC 60947-6-1

2005

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 6-1: Multiple function equipment – Transfer switching equipment

IEC 60947-6-2

2002

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment - Control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS)

IEC 60947-7-1

16

1 Standards

2002

Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 7: Ancillary equipment - Section 1: Terminal blocks for copper conductors

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

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17

1.2 IEC standards for electrical installation

1.2 IEC standards for electrical installation

1 Standards

1 Standards

STANDARD IEC 60092-302

YEAR 1997

TITLE Electrical installations in ships - Part 302: Lowvoltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies

IEC 60092-350

2001

Electrical installations in ships - Part 350: Shipboard power cables - General construction and test requirements

IEC 60092-352

2005

Electrical installations in ships - Part 352: Choice and installation of electrical cables

IEC 60364-5-52

2001

Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment – Wiring systems

IEC 60227

IEC 60228

YEAR 1990

TITLE Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCB’s). Part 22: Applicability of the general rules to RCCB’s functionally dependent on line voltage

IEC 61009-1

2006

Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBOs) - Part 1: General rules

IEC 61009-2-1

1991

Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBO’s) Part 2-1: Applicability of the general rules to RCBO’s functionally independent of line voltage

IEC 61009-2-2

1991

Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBO’s) - Part 2-2: Applicability of the general rules to RCBO’s functionally dependent on line voltage

IEC 60670-1

2002

Boxes and enclosures for electrical accessories for household and similar ﬁxed electrical installations - Part 1: General requirements

IEC 60669-2-1

2002

Switches for household and similar ﬁxed electrical installations - Part 2-1: Particular requirements – Electronic switches

IEC 60669-2-2

2006

Switches for household and similar ﬁxed electrical installations - Part 2: Particular requirements – Section 2: Remote-control switches (RCS)

IEC 60669-2-3

2006

Switches for household and similar ﬁxed electrical installations - Part 2-3: Particular requirements – Time-delay switches (TDS)

IEC 60079-10

2002

Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 10: Classiﬁcation of hazardous areas

IEC 60079-14

2002

Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 14: Electrical installations in hazardous areas (other than mines)

IEC 60079-17

2002

Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 17: Inspection and maintenance of electrical installations in hazardous areas (other than mines)

IEC 60269-1

2006

Low-voltage fuses - Part 1: General requirements

IEC 60269-2

2006

Low-voltage fuses. Part 2: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application) examples of standardized system of fuses A to I

Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V 1998

Part 1: General requirements

2003

Part 2: Test methods

1997

Part 3: Non-sheathed cables for ﬁxed wiring

1997

Part 4: Sheathed cables for ﬁxed wiring

2003

Part 5: Flexible cables (cords)

2001

Part 6: Lift cables and cables for ﬂexible connections

2003

Part 7: Flexible cables screened and unscreened with two or more conductors

2004

Conductors of insulated cables

IEC 60245

18

STANDARD IEC 61008-2-2

Rubber insulated cables - Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V 2003

Part 1: General requirements

1998

Part 2: Test methods

1994

Part 3: Heat resistant silicone insulated cables

2004

Part 4: Cord and ﬂexible cables

1994

Part 5: Lift cables

1994

Part 6: Arc welding electrode cables

1994

Part 7: Heat resistant ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber insulated cables

2004

Part 8: Cords for applications requiring high ﬂexibility

IEC 60309-2

2005

Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes - Part 2: Dimensional interchangeability requirements for pin and contact-tube accessories

IEC 61008-1

2006

Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCBs) - Part 1: General rules

IEC 61008-2-1

1990

Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCB’s). Part 21: Applicability of the general rules to RCCB’s functionally independent of line voltage

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

19

1.2 IEC standards for electrical installation

1.2 IEC standards for electrical installation

1 Standards STANDARD IEC 60269-3

1 Standards YEAR 2006

IEC 60127-1/10

20

TITLE Low-voltage fuses - Part 3-1: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by unskilled persons (fuses mainly for household and similar applications) - Sections I to IV: examples of standardized system of fuses A to F

STANDARD IEC 60364-5-55

YEAR 2002

TITLE Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-55: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Other equipment

IEC 60364-6

2006

Electrical installations of buildings Part 6: Veriﬁcation

Miniature fuses -

IEC 60364-7

1984…2006 Electrical installations of buildings Part 7: Requirements for special installations or locations

IEC 60529

2001

Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

2006

Part 1: Deﬁnitions for miniature fuses and general requirements for miniature fuse-links

2003

Part 2: Cartridge fuse-links

1988

Part 3: Sub-miniature fuse-links

2005

Part 4: Universal Modular Fuse-Links (UMF) Through-hole and surface mount types

IEC 61032

1997

Protection of persons and equipment by enclosures - Probes for veriﬁcation

1988

Part 5: Guidelines for quality assessment of miniature fuse-links

IEC/TR 61000-1-1

1992

1994

Part 6: Fuse-holders for miniature cartridge fuse-links

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 1: General - Section 1: application and interpretation of fundamental deﬁnitions and terms

2001

Part 10: User guide for miniature fuses

IEC/TR 61000-1-3

2002

EC 60364-1

2005

Low-voltage electrical installations Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, deﬁnitions

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 1-3: General - The effects of high-altitude EMP (HEMP) on civil equipment and systems

IEC 60364-4-41

2005

Low-voltage electrical installations Part 4-41: Protection for safety - Protection against electric shock

IEC 60364-4-42

2001

Electrical installations of buildings Part 4-42: Protection for safety - Protection against thermal effects

IEC 60364-4-43

2001

Electrical installations of buildings Part 4-43: Protection for safety - Protection against overcurrent

IEC 60364-4-44

2006

Electrical installations of buildings Part 4-44: Protection for safety - Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances

IEC 60364-5-51

2005

Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-51: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Common rules

IEC 60364-5-52

2001

Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Wiring systems

IEC 60364-5-53

2002

Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Isolation, switching and control

IEC 60364-5-54

2002

Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Earthing arrangements, protective conductors and protective bonding conductors

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

21

2.1 Circuit breaker nameplates

2 Protection and control devices

2 Protection and control devices

2.1 Circuit-breaker nameplates Air circuit-breaker: Emax

Moulded-case circuit-breaker: Tmax

CIRCUIT-BREAKER TYPE

CIRCUIT-BREAKER TYPE Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity at 415 Vac B = 16 kA C = 25 kA N = 36 kA S = 50 kA H = 70 kA L = 85 kA (for T2) L = 120 kA (for T4-T5-T7) L = 100 kA (for T6) V = 150 kA (for T7) V = 200 kA

Rated uninterrupted current 160 A 250 A 320 A 400 A 630 A 800 A 1000 A 1250 A 1600 A

Rated uninterrupted current Iu Rated operational voltage Ue

Tmax T2L160 Ue (V) Icu (kA) Ics (% Icu) Cat A

Iu=160A Ue=690V Ui=800V Uimp=8kV IEC 60947-2 500 230 400/415 440 500 690 250 Made in Italy by ABB SACE 150 85 85 85 75 50 10 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 2P 3P 50-60Hz in series

Rated ultimate shortcircuit breaking capacity (Icu) and rated service short-circuit breaking capacity (Ics) at different voltage values.

22

According to the international Standard IEC 60947-2, the circuit breakers can be divided into Category A, i.e. without a specified short-time withstand current rating, or Category B, i.e. with a specified short-time withstand current rating.

CE marking affixed on ABB circuit-breakers to indicate compliance with the following CE directives: “Low Voltage Directive” (LVD) no. 2006/95/CE “Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive” (EMC) no. 89/336 EEC.

Size X1 1 2 3 4 6

Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity at 415 Vac

Rated insulation voltage Ui; i.e. the maximum r.m.s. value of voltage which the circuit-breaker is capable of withstanding at the supply frequency under specified test conditions.

Rated uninterrupted current Iu Rated operational voltage Ue

Rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp; i.e. the peak value of impulse voltage which the circuit-breaker can withstand under specified test conditions.

Compliance with the international Standard IEC 60947-2: “Low-Voltage switchgear and controlgear-Circuitbreakers”.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

B = 42 kA N = 65 kA (50 kA E1) S = 75 kA (85 kA E2) H = 100 kA L = 130 kA (150 kA X1) V = 150 kA (130 kA E3)

Rated uninterrupted current 630 A 800 A 1000 A 1250 A 1600 A 2000 A 2500 A 3200 A 4000 A 5000 A 6300 A

Iu=3200A Ue=690V Icw=85kA x 1s Cat B ~ 50-60 Hz IEC 60947-2 made in Italy by Ue (V) 230 415 440 525 690 ABB-SACE (kA) 130 130 130 100 100 Icu Ics (kA) 100 100 100 85 85

SACE E3V 32

According to the international Standard IEC 60947-2, the circuitbreakers can be divided into Category A, i.e. without a specified shorttime withstand current rating, or Category B, i.e. with a specified short-time withstand current rating.

Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity (Icu) and rated service shortcircuit breaking capacity (Ics) at different voltage values.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

CE marking affixed on ABB circuit-breakers to indicate compliance with the following CE directives: “Low Voltage Directive” (LVD) no. 2006/95/CE “Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive” (EMC) no. 89/336 EEC.

Rated short-time withstand current Icw; i.e. the maximum current that the circuit-breaker can carry during a specified time.

Compliance with the international Standard IEC 60947-2: “Low-Voltage switchgear and controlgear-Circuitbreakers”.

23

ASDC008048F0201

Size 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ASDC008046F0201

Series T

Series E

2.2 Main deﬁnitions

2 Protection and control devices

2 Protection and control devices Fault types and currents

2.2 Main deﬁnitions The main deﬁnitions regarding LV switchgear and controlgear are included in the international Standards IEC 60947-1, IEC 60947-2 and IEC 60947-3.

Main characteristics Circuit-breaker A mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a speciﬁed time and breaking currents under speciﬁed abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short-circuit. Current-limiting circuit-breaker A circuit-breaker with a break-time short enough to prevent the short-circuit current reaching its otherwise attainable peak value. Plug-in circuit-breaker A circuit-breaker which, in addition to its interrupting contacts, has a set of contacts which enable the circuit-breaker to be removed. Withdrawable circuit-breaker A circuit-breaker which, in addition to its interrupting contacts, has a set of isolating contacts which enable the circuit-breaker to be disconnected from the main circuit, in the withdrawn position, to achieve an isolating distance in accordance with speciﬁed requirements. Moulded-case circuit-breaker A circuit-breaker having a supporting housing of moulded insulating material forming an integral part of the circuit-breaker. Disconnector A mechanical switching device which, in the open position, complies with the requirements speciﬁed for the isolating function. Release A device, mechanically connected to a mechanical switching device, which releases the holding means and permits the opening or the closing of the switching device.

Overload Operating conditions in an electrically undamaged circuit which cause an over-current. Short-circuit The accidental or intentional connection, by a relatively low resistance or impedance, of two or more points in a circuit which are normally at different voltages. Residual current (IΔ) It is the vectorial sum of the currents ﬂowing in the main circuit of the circuitbreaker.

Rated performances Voltages and frequencies Rated operational voltage (Ue ) A rated operational voltage of an equipment is a value of voltage which, combined with a rated operational current, determines the application of the equipment and to which the relevant tests and the utilization categories are referred to. Rated insulation voltage (Ui ) The rated insulation voltage of an equipment is the value of voltage to which dielectric tests voltage and creepage distances are referred. In no case the maximum value of the rated operational voltage shall exceed that of the rated insulation voltage. Rated impulse withstand voltage (Uimp ) The peak value of an impulse voltage of prescribed form and polarity which the equipment is capable of withstanding without failure under speciﬁed conditions of test and to which the values of the clearances are referred. Rated frequency The supply frequency for which an equipment is designed and to which the other characteristic values correspond. Currents Rated uninterrupted current (Iu ) The rated uninterrupted current of an equipment is a value of current, stated by the manufacturer, which the equipment can carry in uninterrupted duty. Rated residual operating current (IΔn ) It is the r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal residual operating current assigned to the CBR by the manufacturer, at which the CBR shall operate under speciﬁed conditions.

24

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

25

2.2 Main deﬁnitions

2.2 Main deﬁnitions

2 Protection and control devices

2 Protection and control devices

Performances under short-circuit conditions

Utilization categories

Rated making capacity The rated making capacity of an equipment is a value of current, stated by the manufacturer, which the equipment can satisfactorily make under speciﬁed making conditions. Rated breaking capacity The rated breaking of an equipment is a value of current, stated by the manufacturer, which the equipment can satisfactorily break, under speciﬁed breaking conditions.

Category A - Circuit-breakers not speciﬁcally intended for selectivity under short-circuit conditions with respect to other short-circuit protective devices in series on the load side, i.e. without a short-time withstand current rating.

Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity (Icu ) The rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity of a circuit-breaker is the maximum short-circuit current value which the circuit-breaker can break twice (in accordance with the sequence O – t – CO), at the corresponding rated operational voltage. After the opening and closing sequence the circuit-breaker is not required to carry its rated current.

Category B - Circuit-breakers speciﬁcally intended for selectivity under short-circuit conditions with respect to other short-circuit protective devices in series on the load side, i.e. with and intentional short-time delay provided for selectivity under short-circuit conditions. Such circuit-breakers have a shorttime withstand current rating. A circuit-breaker is classiﬁed in category B if its Icw is higher than (Table 3 IEC 60947-2):

Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity (Ics ) The rated service short-circuit breaking capacity of a circuit-breaker is the maximum short-circuit current value which the circuit-breaker can break three times in accordance with a sequence of opening and closing operations (O - t - CO - t – CO) at a deﬁned rated operational voltage (Ue) and at a deﬁned power factor. After this sequence the circuit-breaker is required to carry its rated current. Rated short-time withstand current (Icw ) The rated short-time withstand current is the current that the circuit-breaker in the closed position can carry during a speciﬁed short time under prescribed conditions of use and behaviour; the circuit-breaker shall be able to carry this current during the associated short-time delay in order to ensure discrimination between the circuit-breakers in series. Rated short-circuit making capacity (Icm ) The rated short-circuit making capacity of an equipment is the value of shortcircuit making capacity assigned to that equipment by the manufacturer for the rated operational voltage, at rated frequency, and at a speciﬁed power-factor for ac.

26

The utilization category of a circuit-breaker shall be stated with reference to whether or not it is speciﬁcally intended for selectivity by means of an intentional time delay with respect to other circuit-breakers in series on the load side, under short-circuit conditions (Table 4 IEC 60947-2).

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

12·In or 5 kA, whichever is the greater 30 kA

for In ≤ 2500A for In > 2500A

Electrical and mechanical durability Mechanical durability The mechanical durability of an apparatus is expressed by the number of no-load operating cycles (each operating cycle consists of one closing and opening operation) which can be effected before it becomes necessary to service or replace any of its mechanical parts (however, normal maintenance may be permitted). Electrical durability The electrical durability of an apparatus is expressed by the number of on-load operating cycles and gives the contact resistance to electrical wear under the service conditions stated in the relevant product Standard.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

27

2.3 Types of releases

2 Protection and control devices

2 Protection and control devices

2.3 Types of releases A circuit-breaker must control and protect, in case of faults or malfunctioning, the connected elements of a plant. In order to perform this function, after detection of an anomalous condition, the release intervenes in a deﬁnite time by opening the interrupting part. The protection releases ﬁtted with ABB SACE moulded-case and air circuitbreakers can control and protect any plant, from the simplest ones to those with particular requirements, thanks to their wide setting possibilities of both thresholds and tripping times. Among the devices sensitive to overcurrents, the following can be considered: • thermomagnetic releases and magnetic only releases; • microprocessor-based releases; • residual current devices.

Power distribution MCCBs Iu In

T1

T2

T3

T4

160

160

250

250

The following table shows the types of thermo-magnetic and magnetic only trip units available for Tmax circuit-breakers.

-

MA -

-

-

TMA -

TMG -

-

-

Legenda MF Fixed magnetic only releases MA Adjustable magnetic only releases TMG Thermomagnetic release for generator protection TMF Thermomagnetic release with thermal and ﬁxed magnetic threshold TMD Thermomagnetic release with adjustable thermal and ﬁxed magnetic threshold TMA Thermomagnetic release with adjustable thermal and magnetic threshold

28

800

MCCBs Iu In

3,2

2,5

TMD

5 6,3

3,2

8

4 5

20 25 32

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

TMF TMD

TMD TMG TMD TMD TMG TMD TMD TMG TMD

125 160

TMD TMG

8,5 10

TMD

12,5 TMD

20

MA

25 TMD TMG

MA

32 TMA

52 80

250 400

MA

11

TMG

200 320

MF

6,5 TMD

63 80

T4 250

2

4

100

T3 250

1,6

2,5

50

T2 160

1

2

40

The thermomagnetic releases use a bimetal and an electromagnet to detect overloads and short-circuits; they are suitable to protect both alternating and direct current networks.

MF -

630

12.5

2.3.1 THERMOMAGNETIC RELEASES AND MAGNETIC ONLY RELEASES

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

T6 630

10

The choice and adjusting of protection releases are based both on the requirements of the part of plant to be protected, as well as on the coordination with other devices; in general, discriminating factors for the selection are the required threshold, time and curve characteristic.

CBs

T5 400

1,6

16

thermomagnetic releases TMF TMD

Motor protection

TMA TMG

500 630 800

MA

100 TMA TMG

125 160

TMA TMA

MA MA

200

Legenda MF Fixed magnetic only releases MA Adjustable magnetic only releases TMG Thermomagnetic release for generator protection TMF Thermomagnetic release with thermal and ﬁxed magnetic threshold TMD Thermomagnetic release with adjustable thermal and ﬁxed magnetic threshold TMA Thermomagnetic release with adjustable thermal and magnetic threshold

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

29

2.3 Types of releases

2.3 Types of releases

2 Protection and control devices

2 Protection and control devices

2.3.2 ELECTRONIC RELEASES

The following table shows the available rated currents with the Tmax and Emax circuit- breakers.

These releases are connected with current transformers (three or four according to the number of conductors to be protected), which are positioned inside the circuit-breaker and have the double functions of supplying the power necessary to the proper functioning of the release (self-supply) and of detecting the value of the current ﬂowing inside the live conductors; therefore they are compatible with alternating current networks only. The signal coming from the transformers and from the Rogowsky coils is processed by the electronic component (microprocessor) which compares it with the set thresholds. When the signal exceeds the thresholds, the trip of the circuit-breaker is operated through an opening solenoid which directly acts on the circuit-breaker operating mechanism. In case of auxiliary power supply in addition to self-supply from the current transformers, the voltage shall be 24 Vdc ± 20%. Besides the standard protection functions, releases provide: - measuraments of currents (PR222, PR232, PR331, PR121); - measurament of currents,voltage,frequency,power,energy,power factor (PR223,PR332,PR122) and moreover for PR333 and PR123, the measurement of harmonic distortions is available; - serial comunication with remote control for a complete management of the plant (PR222, PR223, PR232, PR331, PR332, PR333, PR121, PR122, PR123).

The following table shows the types of electronic trip units available for Tmax and Emax circuit-breakers. CBs T2 T4 T5 T6 T7 X1 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6

30

PR221

PR222 -

PR223 -

-

-

-

electronic releases with ABB circuit breakers PR231 PR232 PR331 PR332 PR333 PR121 -

PR122 -

PR123 -

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

MCCBs Iu In 10 25 63 100 160 250 320 400 630 800 1000 1250 1600

T2 160

T4

-

T5

250 -

320 -

-

-

E3H-V E2S

ACBs

Iu 400 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000 5000 6300

In

630 -

400 -

630 -

630 -

-

-

-

E3 N-S-H-V E2N- E2B-NS-L S-L E1B-N X1B-N-L X1B-N 800 1250* 1600

-

T6 800 -

T7 1000 -

-

-

800 -

1000 -

1250 -

-

-

-

1600 -

E3 S-H-V-L E3 N-SH-V

E2BN-S 2000

2500

E4S-H-V

3200 -

4000 -

E6V

3200 -

E6H-V

4000 -

5000 -

6300 -

* Also for Iu = 1000 A (not available for E3V and E2L). Example of reading from the table The circuit-breaker type E3L is available with Iu=2000A and Iu=2500A, but it is not available with Iu=3200A. 2.3.2.1

PROTECTION FUNCTIONS OF ELECTRONIC RELEASES

The protection functions available for the electronic releases are: L - Overload protection with inverse long time delay Function of protection against overloads with inverse long time delay and constant speciﬁc let-through energy; it cannot be excluded. L - Overload protection in compliance with Std. IEC 60255-3 Function of protection against overloads with inverse long time delay and trip curves complying with IEC 60255-3; applicable in the coordination with fuses and with medium voltage protections. S - Short-circuit protection with adjustable delay Function of protection against short-circuit currents with adjustable delay; thanks to the adjustable delay, this protection is particularly useful when it is necessary to obtain selective coordination between different devices. ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

31

2.3 Types of releases

2.3 Types of releases

32

2 Protection and control devices

2 Protection and control devices

S2- Double S This function allows two thresholds of protection function S to be set independently and activated simultaneously, selectivity can also be achieved under highly critical conditions. D - Directional short-circuit protection with adjustable delay The directional protection, which is similar to function S, can intervene in a different way according to the direction of the short-circuit current; particularly suitable in meshed networks or with multiple supply lines in parallel. I - Short-circuit protection with instantaneous trip Function for the instantaneous protection against short-circuit. EFDP - Early Fault Detection and Prevention Thanks to this function, the release is able to isolate a fault in shorter times than the zone selectivities currently available on the market. Rc - Residual current protection This function is particularly suitable where low-sensitivity residual current protection is required and for high-sensitivity applications to protect people against indirect contact. G - Earth fault protection with adjustable delay Function protecting the plant against earth faults. U - Phase unbalance protection Protection function which intervenes when an excessive unbalance between the currents of the single phases protected by the circuit-breaker is detected. OT - Self-protection against overtemperature Protection function controlling the opening of the circuit-breaker when the temperature inside the release can jeopardize its functioning. UV - Undervoltage protection Protection function which intervenes when the phase voltage drops below the preset threshold. OV - Overvoltage protection Protection function which intervenes when the phase voltage exceeds the preset threshold. RV - Residual voltage protection Protection which identiﬁes anomalous voltages on the neutral conductor. RP - Reverse power protection Protection which intervenes when the direction of the active power is opposite to normal operation. UF - Under frequency protection This frequency protection detects the reduction of network frequency above the adjustable threshold, generating an alarm or opening the circuit. OF - Overfrequency protection This frequency protection detects the increase of network frequency above the adjustable threshold, generating an alarm or opening the circuit. M - Thermal memory Thanks to this function, it is possible to take into account the heating of a component so that the tripping is the quicker the less time has elapsed since the last one. R - Protection against rotor blockage Function intervening as soon as conditions are detected, which could lead to the block of the rotor of the protected motor during operation.

Iinst - Very fast instantaneous protection against short-circuit This particular protection function has the aim of maintaining the integrity of the circuit-breaker and of the plant in case of high currents requiring delays lower than those guaranteed by the protection against instantaneous short-circuit. This protection must be set exclusively by ABB SACE and cannot be excluded. Dual setting With this function it is possible to program two different sets of parameters (LSIG) and, through an external command, to switch from one set to the other. K - Load control Thanks to this function, it is possible to engage/disengage individual loads on the load side before the overload protection L trips.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

The following table summarizes the types of electronic release and the functions they implement: PR221 PR222 PR223 PR231 PR232 PR331 PR332 PR333 PR121 PR122 PR123

Releases

Protection functions L (t=k/I2) L S1 (t=k) S1 (t=k/I2) S2 (t=k) D (t=k) I (t=k) G (t=k) G (t=k/I2) Gext (t=k) Gext (t=k/I2) Gext (Idn) Rc (t=k) U (t=k) OT UV (t=k) OV (t=k) RV (t=k) RP (t=k) UF OF Iinst EF

Protection against overload Standard trip curve according to IEC 60255-3 Protection against short-circuit with time delay Protection against short-circuit with time delay Protection against short-circuit with time delay Protection against directional short-circuit Protection against instantaneous short-circuit Protection against earth fault with adjustable delay Protection against earth fault with adjustable delay Protection against earth fault with adjustable delay Protection against earth fault with adjustable delay Protection against earth fault with adjustable delay Residual current protection Protection against phase unbalance Protection against temperature out of range Protection against undervoltage Protection against overvoltage Protection against residual voltage Protection against reverse active power Protection against underfrequency Protection against overfrequency Instantantaneous self-protection Early Fault Detection and Prevention

Only with PR120/V for Emax and PR330/V for X1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

33

2.3 Types of releases

2.3 Types of releases

2 Protection and control devices

2 Protection and control devices

2.3.3 RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICES

One of the main characteristics of a residual current release is its minimum rated residual current IΔn. This represents the sensitivity of the release. According to their sensitivity to the fault current, the residual current circuitbreakers are classiﬁed as: - type AC: a residual current device for which tripping is ensured in case of residual sinusoidal alternating current, in the absence of a dc component whether suddenly applied or slowly rising; - type A: a residual current device for which tripping is ensured for residual sinusoidal alternating currents in the presence of speciﬁed residual pulsating direct currents, whether suddenly applied or slowly rising. - type B residual current device for which tripping is ensured for residual sinusoidal alternating currents in presence of speciﬁed residual pulsanting direct currents whether suddenly applied or slowy rising, for residual directs may result from rectifying circuits.

The residual current releases are associated with the circuit-breaker in order to obtain two main functions in a single device: - protection against overloads and short-circuits; - protection against indirect contacts (presence of voltage on exposed conductive parts due to loss of insulation). Besides, they can guarantee an additional protection against the risk of ﬁre deriving from the evolution of small fault or leakage currents which are not detected by the standard protections against overload. Residual current devices having a rated residual current not exceeding 30 mA are also used as a means for additional protection against direct contact in case of failure of the relevant protective means. Their logic is based on the detection of the vectorial sum of the line currents through an internal or external toroid. This sum is zero under service conditions or equal to the earth fault current (IΔ) in case of earth fault. When the release detects a residual current different from zero, it opens the circuit-breaker through an opening solenoid.

Form of residual current

As we can see in the picture the protection conductor or the equipotential conductor have to be installed outside the eventual external toroid.

Correct functioning of residual current devices

Type

AC

A

B

+

+

+

+

+

Generic distribution system (IT, TT, TN) Sinusoidal ac

L1 L2 L3 N PE

suddenly applied

slowly rising suddenly applied with or without 0,006A

Circuit-breaker

Pulsating dc

Opening solenoid Load

The operating principle of the residual current release makes it suitable for the distribution systems TT, IT (even if paying particular attention to the latter) and TN-S, but not in the systems TN-C. In fact, in these systems, the neutral is used also as protective conductor and therefore the detection of the residual current would not be possible if the neutral passes through the toroid, since the vectorial sum of the currents would always be equal to zero. 34

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Smooth dc ASDC008002F0201

Protective conductor

ASDC008003F0201

slowly rising

+

In presence of electrical apparatuses with electronic components (computers, photocopiers, fax etc.) the earth fault current might assume a non sinusoidal shape but a type of a pulsating unidirectional dc shape. In these cases it is necessary to use a residual current release classiﬁed as type A. In presence of rectifying circuits (i.e. single phase connection with capacitive load causing smooth direct current, three pulse star connection or six pulse bridge connection, two pulse connection line-to-line) the earth fault current might assume a unidirectional dc shape. In this case it is necessary to use a residual current release classiﬁed as type B. ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

35

2.3 Types of releases

2.3 Types of releases

2 Protection and control devices

2 Protection and control devices

In order to fulﬁll the requirements for an adequate protection against earth faults ABB SACE has designed the following product categories:

The following table resume the range of ABB SACE circuit breakers for the protection against residual current and earth fault.

-moulded case circuit breakers: In

• RC221 residual current releases to be coupled with circuit-brakers Tmax T1, T2, T3 with rated current from 16 A to 250A; • RC222 residual current releases to be coupled with circuit-breakers Tmax T1,T2,T3,T4,T5 with rated currents from 16A to 500A; • RC223 residual current releases to coupled with circuit-breaker Tmax T4 with rated currents up to 250A;

MCCb

• electronic releases PR222DS/P, PR223 DS/P LSIG for circuit breakers T4, T5, T6 with rated current from 100A to 1000A; • electronic releases PR331, PR332 LSIG for the circuit breaker Tmax T7 with rated currents from 800A to 1600A; • electronic release R332 with residual current integrated protection for the circuit-breaker type Tmax T7 with rated uninterrupted current from 800A to 1600A. Circuit-breaker size Type Technology Action Primary service voltage (1) Operating frequence Self-supply Test operation range (1) Rated service current

ACB

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 X1 E1 E2 E3 E4 E6

type 16÷160 10÷160 63÷250 100÷320 320÷630 630÷1000 800÷1600 400÷1600 400÷1600 400÷2000 400÷3200 1250÷4000 3200÷6300

[A]

Rated residual current trip

[A]

Time limit for non-trip

[s]

Tolerance over trip times (1)

RC222 RC223 T1-T2-T3 T4 and T5 4p T4 4p “L” shaped placed below microprocessor-based With trip coil 85…500 85…500 85…500 110…500 45…66 45…66 45…66 0-400-700-1000

85…500 up to 250 A 0.03-0.1-0.3 0.5-1-3 Istantaneous

85…500 up to 250 A 0.03-0.05-0.1-0.3 0.5-1-3-5-10 Istantaneous - 0.1 -0.2-0.3-0.5-1-2-3 ±20%

85…500 up to 500 A 0.03-0.05-0.1 0.3-0.5-1-3-5-10 Istantaneous - 0.1 -0.2-0.3-0.5-1-2-3 ±20%

(2)

Operation up to 50 V phase-neutral (55 V for RC223).

-air circuit breaker: • PR331, PR332, PR333 LSIG electronic releases for the circuit breaker Emax X1 with rated uninterrupted currents from 630A to 1600A;

• PR332, PR333 electronic releases with residual current integrated protection for circuit-breaker Emax X1 with rated uninterrupted currents from 630A to 1600A; • PR122 and PR123 electronic releases with residual current integrated protection for circuit-breakers Emax E1 to E6 with rated uninterrupted currents from 400A to 6300A

36

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

RC222 A-AC

RC223 B -

PR222 LSIG -

(1)

-

-

-

PR122 LSIRc A-AC -

-

Only for T4 250. Only for X1.

Residual current relay with external transformer ABB SACE circuit breaker can be combined also with the residual current relays RCQ with separate toroid in order to fulﬁll the requirements when the installation conditions are particulary restrictive, such as with circuit breakers already installed, limited space in the circuit breaker compartment etc. Thanks to the settings characteristics of the residual current and of the trip times, the residual current relays with external transformer can be easily installed also in the ﬁnal stages of the plant; in particolar, by selecting the rated residual current IΔn=0.03A with instantaneous tripping, the circuit-breaker guarantees protection against indirect contact and represents an additional measure against direct contact also in the presence of particulary high earth resistance values. Such residual current relays are of the type with indirect action: the opening command given by the relay must cause the tripping of the circuit-breaker through a shunt opening release (to be provided by the user).

110…500 up to 250 A 0.03-0.05-0.1 0.3-0.5-1 Istantaneous -0- 0.1 -0.2-0.3-0.5-1-2-3 ±20%

• Air circuit breaker equipped with electronic releases type PR121, PR122, PR123 LSIG for the circuit breaker Emax E1 to E6 with rated uninterrupted currents from 400A to 6300A.

(1)

RC221 T1-T2-T3

[V] [Hz]

RC221 A-AC

PR331 PR121 PR332 PR332 PR122 PR223 PR333(2) PR333(2) PR123 LSIG LSIG LSIRc LSIG A-AC -

Residual current relays

SACE RCQ

Power supply voltage

Operating frequency TripThreshold adjustement IΔn

AC [V]

80…500

DC [V]

48…125

[Hz]

45÷66

1st range of settings’

[A]

0.03-0.05-0.1-0.3-0.5

2nd range of settings’

[A]

1-3-5-10-30

[s]

0-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.5-0.7-1-2-3-5

Trip time adjustement

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

37

3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit-breakers

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit-breakers

Tmax moulded-case circuit-breakers Rated uninterrupted cur rent, Iu Poles Rated service cur rent, Ue

(AC) 50-60 H z (DC)

Rated impulse withstand voltage, Uimp Rated insulation voltage, Ui Test voltage at industrial f requency for 1 min . Rated ultimate short-ci rcuit breaking capacit y, Icu (AC) 50-60 Hz 220/230 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 380/415 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 440 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 500 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 690 V (DC) 250 V - 2 poles in series (DC) 250 V - 3 poles in series (DC) 500 V - 2 poles in series (DC) 500 V - 3 poles in series (DC) 750 V - 3 poles in series Rated service short-ci rcuit breaking capacit y, Ics (AC) 50-60 Hz 220/230 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 380/415 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 440 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 500 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 690 V Rated short-ci rcuit making capacit y, Icm (AC) 50-60 Hz 220/230 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 380/415 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 440 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 500 V (AC) 50-60 Hz 690 V Opening time (415 V ) Utilisation category (IEC 60947-2 ) Reference Standa rd Isolation behaviour Interchangeability Versions Mechanical lif e Electrical life @ 415 V A C

[A] [Nr] [V] [V] [kV] [V] [V] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [%Icu] [%Icu] [%Icu] [%Icu] [%Icu] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [ms]

[No. operations ] [No. Hourly operations ] [No. operations ] [No. Hourly operations ]

Tmax T1 1P

Tmax T1

Tmax T2

Tmax T3

160 1 240 125 8 500 3000 B 25* – – – – 25 (at 125 V) – – – –

N 50 36 22 15 6 36 40 – 36 –

N 65 36 30 25 6 36 40 – 36 –

S 85 50 45 30 7 50 55 – 50 –

160 3/4 690 500 8 800 3000 H 100 70 55 36 8 70 85 – 70 –

250 3/4 690 500 8 800 3000

B 25 16 10 8 3 16 20 – 16 –

160 3/4 690 500 8 800 3000 C 40 25 15 10 4 25 30 – 25 –

75% – – – –

100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

75% 100% 75% 75% 75%

75% 75% 50% 50% 50%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

52.5 – – – – 7 A IEC 60947-2

52.5 84 105 32 52.5 75.6 17 30 46.2 13.6 17 30 4.3 5.9 9.2 7 6 5 A IEC 60947-2

143 75.6 63 52.5 9.2 3

187 105 94.5 63 11.9 3

– F 25000 240 8000 120

– F 25000 240 8000 120

F = ﬁxed circuit-breakers P = plug-in circuit-breakers W = withdrawable ci rcuit-breakers

38

L 120 85 75 50 10 85 100 – 85 –

100% 100% 100% 75% (70 kA) 100% 75% 100% 75% 100% 75%

220 154 121 75.6 13.6 3 A IEC 60947-2

264 187 165 105 17 3

The breaking capacity for settings In=16 A and In=20 A is 16 kA

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

V 200 200 180 150 80 150 – 100 – 70

N 70 36 30 25 20 36 – 25 – 16

S 85 50 40 30 25 50 – 36 – 25

400/630 3/4 690 750 8 1000 3500 H L 100 200 70 120 65 100 50 85 40 70 70 100 – – 50 70 – – 36 50

L 200 100 80 65 30 100 – 65 – 50

S 85 50 50 40 30 – – – – –

100% 100% 100% 100% 75%

75% 75% 75% 75% 75%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

V(6) 200 150 130 100 60 – – – – –

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% 100% 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (2)

100% 100% 100% 100% 75%

105 75.6 52.5 40 7.7 7

187 105 84 63 13.6 6

154 187 220 440 75.6 105 154 264 63 84 143 220 52.5 63 105 187 40 52.5 84 154 6 6 6 6 B (400 A) (3) - A (630 A) IEC 60947-2

154 187 220 440 75.6 105 154 220 63 94.5 105 176 52.5 73.5 105 143 40 46 52.5 63 10 9 8 7 (5) B (630A - 800A) - A (1000A) IEC 60947-2

187 105 105 84 63 15

A IEC 60947-2

154 187 220 440 660 75.6 105 154 264 440 63 84 143 220 396 52.5 63 105 187 330 40 52.5 84 154 176 5 5 5 5 5 A IEC 60947-2

– F-P 25000 240 8000 120

F-P-W 20000 240 8000 (250 A) - 6000 (320 A) 120

F-P-W 20000 120 7000 (400 A) - 5000 (630 A)

F-W (4) 20000 120 7000 (630A) - 5000 (800A) - 4000 (1000A)

F-W 10000 60 2000 (S-H-L versions) - 3000 (V version)

60

60

60

Icw = 7.6 kA (630 A) - 10 kA (800 A) (6) Only for T7 800/1000/1250 A (7)

Icw = 20 kA (S,H,L versions) - 15 kA (V version)

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

660 440 396 330 176 6

N 70 36 30 25 20 36 – 20 – 16

Tmax T7 800/1000/1250/1600 3/4 690 – 8 1000 3500 H L 100 200 70 120 65 100 50 85 42 50 – – – – – – – – – –

50% 50% (27 kA) 50% 50% 50%

(5)

V 200 200 180 150 80 150 – 100 – 70

Tmax T6 630/800/100 0 3/4 690 750 8 1000 3500 S H 85 100 50 70 45 50 35 50 22 25 50 70 – – 35 50 – – 20 36

75% 75% 75% 75% 75%

75% for T5 630 (2) 50% for T5 630 (3) Icw = 5 kA (4) W version is not available on T6 1000 A

S 85 50 40 30 25 50 – 36 – 25

Tmax T5

S 85 50 40 30 8 50 55 – 50 –

(1)

N 70 36 30 25 20 36 – 25 – 16

250/320 3/4 690 750 8 1000 3500 H L 100 200 70 120 65 100 50 85 40 70 70 100 – – 50 70 – – 36 50

N 50 36 25 20 5 36 40 – 36 –

– F-P 25000 240 8000 120 (*)

Tmax T4

100% 100% 100% 100% 75%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 100% 75% 75% 75% 220 154 143 105 88.2 10

440 264 220 187 105 8

440 330 286 220 132 8

B(7) IEC 60947-2

Notes: in the plug-in version of T2,T3,T5 630 and

in the withdrawable version of T5 630 the maximum rated current available is derated by 10% at 40 °C

39

3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit-breakers

3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit-breakers

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Tmax moulded-case circuit-breakers for motor protection

Rated uninterrupted current, Iu

Tmax T3

Tmax T4

Tmax T5

Tmax T6

Tmax T7

160

250

250, 320

400, 630

630, 800

800/1000/1250

[A]

1…100

100…200

10…320

320, 400, 630

630

–

[Nr]

3

3

3

3

3

3

(AC) 50-60 Hz

[V]

690

690

690

690

690

690

(DC)

[V]

500

500

750

750

750

–

[kV]

8

8

8

8

8

8 1000

Rated service current, In Poles Rated service current, Ue

Tmax T2 [A]

Rated impulse withstand voltage, Uimp Rated insulation voltage, Ui

[V]

800

800

1000

1000

1000

Test voltage at industrial frequency for 1 min.

[V]

3000

3000

3500

3500

3500

Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity, Icu

3500

N

S

H

L

N

S

N

S

H

L

V

N

S

H

L

V

N

S

H

L

S

H

L

V

85

100

200

200

(AC) 50-60 Hz 220/230 V

[kA]

65

85

100

120

50

85

70

85

100

200

200

70

85

100

200

200

70

85

100

200

(AC) 50-60 Hz 380/415 V

[kA]

36

50

70

85

36

50

36

50

70

120

200

36

50

70

120

200

36

50

70

100

50

70

120

150

(AC) 50-60 Hz 440 V

[kA]

30

45

55

75

25

40

30

40

65

100

180

30

40

65

100

180

30

45

50

80

50

65

100

130

(AC) 50-60 Hz 500 V

[kA]

25

30

36

50

20

30

25

30

50

85

150

25

30

50

85

150

25

35

50

65

40

50

85

100

(AC) 50-60 Hz 690 V

[kA]

6

7

8

10

5

8

20

25

40

70

80

20

25

40

70

80

20

22

25

30

30

42

50

60

Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity, Ics (AC) 50-60 Hz 220/230 V

[%Icu]

100%

100%

100%

100%

75%

50%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

100%

100%

(AC) 50-60 Hz 380/415 V

[%Icu]

100%

100%

100%

75% (70 kA)

75%

50% (27 kA)

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

100%

100%

(AC) 50-60 Hz 440 V

[%Icu]

100%

100%

100%

75%

75%

50%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

(AC) 50-60 Hz 500 V

[%Icu]

(AC) 50-60 Hz 690 V

100%

[%Icu]

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

75% 75%

75%

50%

75%

50%

100% 100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100% 100%

100% 100%

100% 100%

100% 100%

(1)

100%

(1)

100%

(2)

100%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

(2)

100%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

75%

100%

100%

(2)

75%

75%

75%

75%

100%

75%

75%

75%

Rated short-circuit making capacity, Icm (AC) 50-60 Hz 220/230 V

[kA]

143

187

220

264

105

187

154

187

220

440

660

154

187

220

440

660

154

187

220

440

187

220

440

440

(AC) 50-60 Hz 380/415 V

[kA]

75.6

105

154

187

75.6

105

75.6

105

154

264

440

75.6

105

154

264

440

75.6

105

154

220

105

154

264

330

(AC) 50-60 Hz 440 V

[kA]

63

94.5

121

165

52.5

84

63

84

143

220

396

63

84

143

220

396

63

94.5

105

176

105

143

220

286

(AC) 50-60 Hz 500 V

[kA]

52.5

63

75.6

105

40

63

52.5

63

105

187

330

52.5

63

105

187

330

52.5

73.5

105

143

84

105

187

220

(AC) 50-60 Hz 690 V

[kA]

9.2

11.9

13.6

17

7.7

13.6

40

52.5

84

154

176

40

52.5

84

154

176

40

46

52.6

63

63

88.2

105

132

[ms]

3

3

3

3

7

6

15

10

8

8

Opening time (415 V) Utilisation category (IEC 60947-2)

A

A

A

IEC 60947-2

IEC 60947-2

IEC 60947-2/IEC 60947-4

B (400 A)(3) - A (630 A)

B(4)

B(5)

IEC 60947-2/IEC 60947-4

IEC 60947-2/IEC 60947-4

IEC 60947-2

–

–

Isolation behaviour Reference Standard Protection against short-circuit Magnetic only trip unit

MA

Electronic trip unit

PR221DS-I

(MF up to In 12.5 A) –

–

PR231/P-I

–

–

PR222MP

–

–

– –

–

–

–

F-P-W

F-P-W

F-W

Integrated protection (IEC 60947-4-1) Electronic trip unit Interchangeability Versions Fixing on DIN rail Mechanical life Electrical life @ 415 V AC

[No. operations]

– F-P

DIN EN 50022

DIN EN 50022

–

–

–

–

25000

25000

20000

20000

20000

10000

[No. Hourly operations]

240

240

240

120

120

[No. operations]

8000

8000

8000

7000

5000

120

120

60

60

[No. Hourly operations]

120 (1)

75% for T5 630 (2) 50% for T5 630 (3) Icw = 5 kA (4) Icw = 10 kA (5) Icw = 20 kA (S, H, L version) - 15 kA (V version)

40

–

– F-P

F-W

60

2000 (S-H-L versions) - 3000 (V version) 60

Notes: in the plug-in version of T2,T3,T5 630 and

in the withdrawable version of T5 630 the maximum rated current available is derated by 10% at 40 °C

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

41

3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit-breakers

3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit-breakers

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

SACE Emax air circuit-breakers Common data

X1

Voltages Rated operational voltage Ue Rated insulation voltage Ui Rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp Service temperature Storage temperature Frequency f Number of poles Version

[V] [V]

Performance levels Currents: rated uninterrupted current (at 40 °C) Iu

690 ~ 1000

[kV] [°C] [°C] [Hz]

12 -25....+70 -40....+70 50 - 60 3-4 Fixed -Withdrawable

(1) Without intentional delays (2) Performance at 600 V is 100 kA

Neutral pole current-carrying capacity for 4-pole CBs Rated ultimate breaking capacity under short-circuit Icu 220/230/380/400/415 V ~ 440 V ~ 500/525 V ~ 660/690 V ~ Rated service breaking capacity under short-circuit Ics 220/230/380/400/415 V ~ 440 V ~ 500/525 V ~ 660/690 V ~ Rated short-time withstand current Icw (1s) (3s) Rated making capacity under short-circuit (peak value) Icm 220/230/380/400/415 V ~ 440 V ~ 500/525 V ~ 660/690 V ~ Utilisation category (according to IEC 60947-2) Isolation behaviour (according to IEC 60947-2) Overcurrent protection Electronic releases for AC applications Operating times Closing time (max) Breaking time for IIcw (max)

SACE Emax air circuit-breakers Rated uninterrupted current (at 40 °C) Iu

Mechanical life with regular ordinary maintenance Operation frequency Electrical life

X1 [A] [No. operations x 1000] [Operations/hour]

(440 V ~) [No. operations x 1000] (690 V ~) [No. operations x 1000]

Operation frequency

42

[Operations/hour]

B

N

E1 L

E2 B

N

E3

S

L

B

N

800 800 1000 1000 1250 1250 1600 1600

1600 1000 800 1250 2000 1250 1000 1600 1600 1250 2000 1600 2000

2500 3200

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200

N

[A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [%Iu]

630 800 1000 1250

630 800 1000 1250

630 800 1000 1250

100

100

100

100

100

100 100 100 100

100

[kA] [kA] [kA] [kA]

42

65

150

42 42

50 50

42

50

60

42

50

42 42 42 42

65 65 55 55

85 130 85 110 65 85 65 85

[kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA]

42 42 42

50 50 42

150 130 100

42 42 42

42 42 36

50 50 50

65 65 55 55 55 42

[kA] [kA] [kA] [kA]

88.2 88.2

143 143

330 286

88.2 B

121 B

[ms] [ms] [ms]

80 70

1600

1600

42 42

65 50

42 42

42 42

88.2

30

E1 B-N

130 100

121

220

80 70

80 70

132 A

30

12

E2 B-N-S

H

E4 V

L

S

H

E6 V

H

V

800 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200

2000 2500

4000

3200 4000

3200 4000

4000 5000 6300

3200 4000 5000 6300

100

800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 100

100

100

50

50

50

50

50

65 65 65 65

75 75 75 75

100 100 100 85 (2)

130 130 100 100

130 110 85 85

75 75 75 75

100 100 100 85 (2)

150 150 130 100

100 100 100 100

150 150 130 100

50 50 36

42 42 42 42 42 42

85 130 85 110 65 65 65 65 65 10 50 –

65 65 65 65 65 65

75 75 75 75 75 65

85 85 85 85 75 65

100 100 85 85 85 65

130 110 65 65 15 –

75 75 75 75 75 75

100 100 100 85 100 75

150 150 130 100 100 75

100 100 100 100 100 85

125 125 100 100 100 85

88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 B

105 105 105 105 B

88.2 143 187 286 88.2 143 187 242 88.2 121 143 187 88.2 121 143 187 B B B A

143 143 143 143 B

165 165 165 165 B

220 220 187 187 B

286 286 220 220 B

286 242 187 187 A

165 165 165 165 B

220 220 220 187 B

330 330 286 220 B

220 220 220 220 B

330 330 286 220 B

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 12

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 30

80 70 30

42

45 15

S

50

80 70 30

80 70 30

E2 L

80 70 12

E3 N-S-H-V

E3 L

800 1000-1250 1600 2000 1250 1600 800 1000-1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 2000 2500

E4 S-H-V

E6 H-V

3200 4000

3200 4000 5000 6300

800

1250 1600

800 1000-1250

12.5

12.5

12.5

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

15

15

15

15

12

12

12

12

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

6

4

3

10

10

10

15

15

12

10

4

3

12

12

10

9

8

6

2

1.8

7

5

5

4

3

2

3

2

1

10

8

8

15

15

10

8

3

2

12

12

10

9

7

5

1.5

1.3

7

4

5

4

2

1.5

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

10

10

10

10

10

10

1600

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

43

3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit breakers

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

SACE Emax air circuit-breakers with full-size neutral conductor Rated uninterrupted current (at 40 °C) Iu

E4S/f

[A] [A]

4000

Number of poles 4 Rated operational voltage Ue [V ~] 690 Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity Icu 220/230/380/400/415 V ~ [kA] 80 440 V ~ [kA] 80 500/525 V ~ [kA] 75 660/690 V ~ [kA] 75 Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity Ics 220/230/380/400/415 V ~ [kA] 80 440 V ~ [kA] 80 500/525 V ~ [kA] 75 660/690 V ~ [kA] 75 Rated short-time withstand current Icw (1s) [kA] 75 (3s) [kA] 75 Rated short-circuit making capacity Icm 220/230/380/400/415 V ~ [kA] 176 440 V ~ [kA] 176 500/525 V ~ [kA] 165 660/690 V ~ [kA] 165 Utilization category (in accordance with IEC 60947-2) B Isolation behavior (in accordance with IEC 60947-2) ■ Overall dimensions Fixed: H = 418 mm - D = 302 mm L [mm] 746 Withdrawable: H = 461 - D = 396.5 mm L [mm] 774 Weight (circuit-breaker complete with releases and CT, not including accessories) Fixed [kg] 120 Withdrawable (including ﬁxed part) [kg] 170

E4H/f 3200 4000

E6H/f

4 690

4000 5000 6300 4 690

100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100

85 75

100 85

220 220 220 220 B ■

220 220 220 220 B ■

746 774

1034 1062

120 170

165 250

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves” 3.2.1 Curves 1.0

The software “Curves” available in the cd, attached to this edition of the “Electrical Installation Handbook” (5th edition ), is a tool dedicated to who works in the electrical engineering ﬁeld. This program allows the visualization of : • I-t LLL: tripping characteristics for three-phase faults; • I-t LL: tripping characteristics for two-phase faults; • I-t LN: tripping characteristics for single-phase faults; • I-t LPE: tripping characteristics for phase-to-earth faults; • I-I2t LLL: speciﬁc let-through energy for three-phase faults; • I-I2t LL: speciﬁc let-through energy for two-phase faults; • I-I2t LN: speciﬁc let-through energy for single-phase faults; • I-I2t LPE: speciﬁc let-through energy for phase-to-earth faults; • Peak: current limitation curve; • Cable and fuse characteristic curves.

Besides, other program features are the veriﬁcations of cable protection, of human beings’ protection and of discrimination. The algorithms for the veriﬁcation of the cable protection are described in the international standards. The algorithms for the verification of discrimination are implemented in accordance with the guidelines provided in ABB SACE Technical Application Papers, speciﬁcally “QT1: Low voltage selectivity with ABB circuit-breakers” (QT1 from now on). The software “Curves” displays tripping and limiting characteristics according to the catalogues.

44

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

45

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

3.2.2 Trip curves of thermomagnetic and magnetic only releases

The following ﬁgure shows the time-current tripping curve of a circuit-breaker equipped with thermomagnetic release:

The overload protection function must not trip the circuit-breaker in 2 hours for current values which are lower than 1.05 times the set current, and must trip within 2 hours for current values which are lower than 1.3 times the set current. By “cold trip conditions” it is meant that the overload occurs when the circuitbreaker has not reached the normal working temperature (no current ﬂows through the circuit-breaker before the anomalous condition occurs); on the contrary “hot trip conditions” refers to the circuit-breaker having reached the normal working temperature with the rated current ﬂowing through, before the overload current occurs. For this reason “cold trip conditions” times are always greater than “hot trip conditions” times. The protection function against short-circuit is represented in the time-current curve by a vertical line, corresponding to the rated value of the trip threshold I3. In accordance with the Standard IEC 60947-2, the real value of this threshold is within the range 0.8·I3 and 1.2·I3. The trip time of this protection varies according to the electrical characteristics of the fault and the presence of other devices: it is not possible to represent the envelope of all the possible situations in a sufﬁciently clear way in this curve; therefore it is better to use a single straight line, parallel to the current axis. All the information relevant to this trip area and useful for the sizing and coordination of the plant are represented in the limitation curve and in the curves for the speciﬁc let-through energy of the circuit-breaker under shortcircuit conditions. The following pages show some examples reporting the settings of thermomagnetic releases. To simplify the reading of these examples, the tolerance of the protection functions has not been considered. For a proper setting it is necessary to consider the tolerances referred to the type of thermomagnetic release used; for these information please refer to the technical catalogues.

46

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

t [s] 4

10

2h 1h 30’ 20’

103

10’ 5’

L

2’

102

1’

10

1

I 10-1

10-2 10-1 = cold trip condition

1

10

102 x I1

= hot trip condition

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

47

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Overload protection (L) To set correctly the function L of the release is necessary to know the load current (Ib) and divide it for the rated current of the thermomagnetic releases, taking the setting available higher or equal to the value obtained.

Short-circuit instantaneous protection (I) To set the magnetic function of the release is necessary to know the minimum value of the short-circuit current that we can have in the plant. The I3 thresold shall comply with following condition: I3 ≤ Ikmin I3=settingI x In To detect the setting it is necessary to divide the Ikmin by the rated current of the releases and take the setting value immediately lower.

Setting

L

=

Ib In

Besides, in case of protection of a cable, it is necessary to comply with the following relation : Ib < I1 < Iz where Iz is the conductor carrying capacity and I1 is the current set on the overload protection.

Setting

=

Ik min In

Example: T4N250 In 250 with thermomagnetic release TMA with instantaneous function adjustable from 5 (=1250A) to 10 (=2500A). Ikmin=1750 A Ik min 1750 = =7 Setting = I In 250

Example: T4N250 In 250 with thermomagnetic release TMA. (with function L adjustable from 0.7 to 1 x In) Ib=175A Ib 175 = = 0.7 Setting = L In 250

It is necessary to choose: 6.875 : I3=6.875x250=1718 ≤ 1750 A

t [s]

t [s] I1 (40°)

L

In 250A

MIN MED

I3

L

MAX MED MIN 250A 213A 175A

MAX

I

1

0.7

0.925

0.775

0.85

MAX MED MIN 2500A 1875A 1250A

MAX

I

MIN MED

In 250A 10

5

8.75

6.25

7.5

6.875

x In

x In

48

I

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

49

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

t [s] 104

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Example of thermomagnetic release setting Consider a circuit-breaker type T1 160 In 160 and, using the trimmer for the thermal regulation, select the current threshold, for example at 144 A; the magnetic trip threshold, ﬁxed at 10xln, is equal to 1600 A. Note that, according to the conditions under which the overload occurs, that is either with the circuit-breaker at full working temperature or not, the trip of the thermal release varies considerably. For example, for an overload current of 600 A, the trip time is between 1.2 and 3.8 s for hot trip, and between 3.8 and 14.8 s for cold trip. For fault current values higher than 1600 A, the circuit-breaker trips instantaneously through magnetic protection.

3.2.3 The functions of electronic releases

In the following pages the protection functions of the electronic releases for both moulded-case as well as air circuit breakers are reported; as regards the availability of the protection functions with the different releases, reference shall be made to the table on page 33. The examples shown in these pages show how it is possible to set the electronic release by means of the dip-switch on the front of the circuit-breaker; this operation can be carried out also through the controls viewing the LED display (for the releases PR122-PR123-PR332-PR333) or electronically through the test unit PRO10T. To simplify the reading of the examples, the tolerance of the protection functions has not been considered. For a correct setting it is necessary to take into consideration the tolerances relevant to the different protection functions referred to the electronic trip unit used; for this information please consult the technical catalogue.

T1 160 - In 160 Time-current curves

The ﬁgure below shows the time-current tripping curve of a circuit-breaker equipped with an electronic release having the protection functions LSIG which are described in the following pages :

103

t [s]

102

1E4s

L

1E3s

14.8 s

101

100s

3.8 s 10s

1.2 s

1

S

G

1s

I

0.1s

10-1

1E-2s

10-2

50

101

102

600 A

103

104 I [A]

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

0.1kA

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1kA

10kA

x I [kA]

51

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

t [s] 104

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Overload protection (L function)

To set properly L threshold, it is necessary to know the current required by the load (Ib), divide it by the In of the trip unit and take the setting immediately higher than or equal to the value obtained :

103

Setting

I1

L

=

Ib In

Besides, in case of cable protection, the following relation shall be observed Ib < I1 < Iz where Iz is the conductor carrying capacity and I1 is the current value set for the overload protection.

102

Example : T5N400 In 320, trip unit type PR222DS-LSIG, function L (I1=0.4 at 1 x In with step 0.02) through manual setting. Ib=266 A Ib 266 = = 0.83 Setting = L In 320

t1 101

1

I1=0.84 is chosen. 10-1

10-2

10-1

1

101

102

x In

The application ﬁeld of this protection function refers to all the installations which can be subject to overloads - usually of low value but of long duration - which are dangerous for the life of apparatus and cables. These currents usually occur in a sound circuit, where the line results to be overloaded (this event is more likely than a real fault). The trip curve of this protection (which cannot be excluded) is deﬁned by a current threshold I1 and by a trip time t1. More exactly : • I1 represents the current value beyond which the protection function commands the opening of the circuit-breaker according to an inverse time trip characteristic, where the time-current connection is given by the relation I2t = constant (constant speciﬁc let-through energy);

Through the manual setting, the dip-switches shall be positioned so that a coefﬁcient equal to 0.84 is obtained; this coefﬁcient multiplied by the rated current of the trip unit gives the required current value. The ﬁgure below shows the correct combination of dip-switches to obtain the required multiplying factor: I1= 320 x (0.4*+0.04+0.08+0.32) =268.8A The trip time of L function for an overload current varies according to the type of curve used. As regards the release considered in the example, the available curves are 4 and each of them is characterized by the passage by a characteristic multiple (6xI1) to which a different trip time (t1=3s, 6s, 9s, 18s) corresponds; since these are curves with I2t=const, it is possible to identify multiples different from 6xI1 after the setting of t1. Being a curve with I2t constant, the condition (6xI1)2 x t1 =const =I2t must be always veriﬁed.

• t1 represents the trip time of the protection, in seconds, corresponding to a well deﬁned multiple of I1 and it is used to identify a deﬁned curve among those made available by the trip unit.

As regards the settings available please consult the technical catalogues.

52

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

(*) 0.4 is the ﬁxed value, which cannot be excluded

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

53

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

where the expression I2t represents the product of a generic fault current to the square and the time necessary to the protection to extinguish it.

Short-circuit protection with time delay (function S) t [s] 104

Assuming an overload current of 600A (Iol) and having set t1 at 3s, the following results : 100 s 65.02 s 21.6 s

(6xI1)2 x t1 = Iol2 x t Curve t1=3s

(6x268.8)2 x 3 = 21.6s (600)2

103

Curve t1=9s

At the same overload level (Iol)=600A, if t1 had been set at 9s, the trip time would have been :

10 s

(6xI1)2 x t1 = Iol2 x t 1s

0.1kA

t=

Iol=0.6 kA 1kA

(6x268.8)2 x 9 t= = 65.02s (600)2

I2

102

101

10kA

I2t=k

The time t1 shall be chosen keeping into consideration any co-ordination with cables or other devices either on the supply or the load side of the circuitbreaker under consideration.

I1 =

L

t

Inx (0.4+

t1

I4

t2

I1

I2

)

L

S

t4

t2

t=k

10-1

0 0 0 0 0

G

0.0 2 0.0 4 0.0 8 0.1 6 0.3 2

1

I1max = In

I

I3

3s 6s 9s max

t1 10-2

I = 6I1

I

10-1

1

101

102

x In

This protection function is used to introduce a trip time-delay in case of shortcircuit. S function is necessary when time-current discrimination is required so that the tripping is delayed more and more by approaching the supply sources. The trip curve of this protection (which can be excluded) is deﬁned by a current threshold I2 and by a trip time t2. In details : • I2 represents the current value beyond which the protection function commands the opening of the circuit-breaker, according to one of the following tripping characteristics: - with inverse time delay, where the link time-current is given by the relation I2t = k (constant let-through energy) - with deﬁnite time, where the trip time is given by the relation t=k (constant time); in this case the tripping time is equal for any value of current higher than I2; • t2 represents the trip time of the protection, in seconds, in correspondence with: - a well deﬁned multiple of In for the tripping curve at I2t = k; - I2 for the tripping curve at t = k. As regards the availability of the settings with the different trip units, please refer to the technical catalogues.

54

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

55

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

In order to adjust properly the function S of a circuit-breaker equipped with an electronic trip unit it is necessary to divide the Ikmin value (the lowest shortcircuit current among all the available ones) by the In value of the trip unit and then to take the setting value immediately lower. Setting

s

=

Ik min

In Example : T4N320 In=100 with trip unit PR222 DS-LSI function S (I2=0.6-1.2-1.8-2.4-3-3.6-4.2-5.8-6.4-7-7.6-8.2-8.8-9.4-10 x In) Ikmin=900A Ik min 900 = =9 Setting = s In 100 then, the value 8.8 is to be chosen. As in the previous example, the ﬁgure shows the correct positioning of the dip switches so that the required multiplying factor can be obtained: I2 = 100 x (0.6+2.4+5.8) = 880 A < 900 A

I2 =

L

In x

t1

I4

S

S

t4

t2

I1

I2

)

103

102

101

I3 1

10-1

10-2

10-1

1

101

102

x In

0 0 0 0

G

(

0.6 1.2 2.4 5.8

The time delay t2 of function S changes according to the selected characteristic: either t=constant or I2t=constant. By selecting t2=const, in case of short-circuit, all the overcurrents higher or equal to I2 (in this case 880 A) shall be extinguished within the set time t2; instead, by selecting the characteristic curve with I 2 t=const, the same considerations made for the determination of the trip time t1 are valid, taking into account the proper thresholds I2.

t

Short-circuit instantaneous protection (I function) t [s] 104

I

I3

0.05s 0.1s 0.25s 0.50s

t2 I = 8In

I > I2

I

This function allows to have instantaneous protection in case of short-circuit. This protection is active for fault currents exceeding the set threshold I3; the trip time (instantaneous) cannot be set. Function I can be excluded; the term “excludible” means that the trip threshold of the current is increased in comparison with the maximum threshold which can be adjusted through standard settings. In order to set properly the threshold I, it is necessary to know the lowest shortcircuit current of those which can occur at the installation point. The threshold I3 shall comply with the following relation: I3≤Imin I3=settingI x In As regards the availability of the settings with the different trip units, please refer to the technical catalogues.

56

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

57

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

To determine the value to be set, the Ikmin value shall be divided by the In value and the setting value immediately lower shall be taken: Setting

I

=

In

103

I4 102

4.5 is to be chosen. As in the previous example, the ﬁgure shows the correct positioning of the dip switches so that the required multiplying factor can be obtained: I3 = 320 x (1.5+3) = 1440 A < 1500

L

I4

In x

t2

I1

I2

t4

)

I

t=k

10-1

0 0 0 0

I

I3

(

1.5 2.5 3 5

I3 = S

t4

101

1

t1

G

Earth fault protection (function G)

Ikmin

Example: T5N400 In 320 trip unit PR222DS-LSIG function I (I3=1-1.5-2-2.5-3-3.5-4.5-5.5-6.5-7-7.5-8-8.5-9-10 x In) Ikmin=1500 A Ikmin 1500 = = 4.68 Setting = l In 320

t

t [s] 104

I

I2t=k 10-2

10-1

1

101

102

x In Protection G can assess the vectorial sum of the currents ﬂowing through the live conductors (the three phases and the neutral). In a sound circuit, this sum is equal to zero, but in the presence of an earth fault, a part of the fault current returns to the source through the protective conductor and/or the earth, without affecting the live conductors. The trip curve of this protection (which can be excluded) is deﬁned by a current threshold I4 and by a trip time t4. More precisely: • I4 represents the current value beyond which the protection function commands the opening of the circuit-breaker, according to one of the following tripping characteristics: - with inverse time delay, where the link time-current is given by the relation I2t = k (constant let-through energy) - with definite time, where the trip time is given by the relation t=k(constant time); in this case the tripping time is equal for any value of current higher than I4; • t4 represents the trip time of the protection, in seconds, in correspondence with: - a well deﬁned multiple of In for the tripping curve at I2t = k; - I4 for the tripping curve at t = k. As regards the availability of the settings with the different trip units, please refer to the technical catalogues.

58

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

59

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

In order to set properly the current I4 and the time t4 of the function G, it is necessary to comply with the requirements reported in the installation Standard (see Chapter 5 of Volume 2 - “Protection of human beings”).

As in the previous example, the ﬁgure shows the correct positioning of the dip switches so that the required multiplying factor can be obtained: I4 = 250 x (0.25+0.55) = 200 A < 220 A The trip time t4 shall be chosen according to the provisions of the installation standards; with the trip unit under consideration, the available curves which deﬁne t4 are with I2t constant; therefore, in order to deﬁne the trip time it is necessary to apply the same considerations made for the determination of the trip time t1, but taking into account the proper thresholds I4 and the relevant characteristic curves (t4). Assuming to use a release with trip time t4=constant, when the set threshold I4 is reached and exceeded, the circuit-breaker shall trip within the set time t4.

Ia ≤

Uo Zs

= IkLPE

where: • Uo is the voltage phase-to-PE; • Zs is the fault ring impedance; • Ia is the trip current within the time delay established by the Standard (with U0=230V the time is 0.4s). • IkLPE= is the fault current phase-to-PE Therefore, it is possible to afﬁrm that the protection against indirect contacts is veriﬁed if the trip current Ia is lower than the fault current phase-PE (IklPE) which is present in correspondence with the exposed conductive part to be protected. Then: Setting

G

=

IkPE In

=

220 250

I4 =

L

t

In x

t1

G

I4

t2

I1

I2

)

G

S

t4

(

0 0 0

Example: T4N250 In 250 with trip unit PR222DS-LSIG function G (I4=0.2-0.25-0.45-0.55-0.75-0.8-1 x In) IkPE=220 A distribution system: TN-S. In TN systems, a bolted fault to ground on the LV side usually generates a current with a value analogous to that of a short-circuit and the fault current ﬂowing through the phase and/or the protection conductor (or the conductors) does not affect the earthing system at all. The relation concerning TN-S distribution systems Zs x Ia ≤ Uo can be expressed as follows:

0.2 0.2 5 0.5 5

3 General characteristics

I

I3

0.1s 0.2s 0.4s 0.8s

t4

I

= 0.88

the setting 0.8 is selected.

60

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

61

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Protection against directional short-circuit with adjustable time-delay (function D)

Protection against unbalanced phase (function U) 104

104

0,05...60 0,05

t [s]

D

103

0,9

U

103

t [s] 102

102 60

101

101

0,5...60 0,2...0,8

1

1 0,5

10-1 10-2

10-1

1

101

102

x In

This protection is very similar to function S with deﬁnite time. It allows to identify, besides the intensity, also the direction of the fault current and consequently to understand whether the fault is either on the supply or on the load side of the circuit-breaker, thus excluding only the part of the installation affected by the fault. Its use is particularly suitable in the ring distribution systems and in the installations with more supply lines in parallel. The adjustable current thresholds are in a range from 0.6 to 10xIn and the trip times can be set within a range from 0.2 to 0.8 seconds. Function D can be excluded.

62

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

10-1

10-2

10-1

1

101

x In

This protection makes the circuit-breaker open when an unbalanced phase current exceeding the set threshold is detected. The possible settings are 5% to 90% of the rated current, and the trip times can be set in the range from 0.5 to 60 s. The protection function U is used above all in the installations with the presence of rotary machines, where an unbalanced phase might cause unwanted effects on the same machines. Function U can be excluded.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

63

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Protection against undervoltage (function UV)

Protection against overvoltage (function OV)

104

104

0,5

1,05...1,2

0,5...0,95

0,95

103

1,05

UV

1,2

OV

103

t [s]

t [s] 102

102

101

101 5

1

1

0,1...5

10-1

10-2

5

10-1

0,1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

x Un

This protection trips after the adjusted time (t8) has elapsed when the phase voltage decreases below the set threshold U8. The voltage threshold can be set in the range from 0.5 to 0.95xUn and the time threshold from 0.1 to 5 s. Function UV can be excluded.

64

0,1...5

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

10-2

0,1

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.25

1.3

x Un

This protection trips after the set time (t9) has elapsed, when the phase voltage exceeds the set threshold U9. The voltage threshold can be set in the range from 1.05 to 1.2xUn and the time threshold from 0.1 to 5 s. Function OV can be excluded.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

65

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Protection against residual voltage (function RV)

Protection against reversal of power (function RP)

104

104 0,3...0,1

0,1...0,4 0,1

0,1

0,3

0,4

RV

RP

103

103

t [s]

t [s] 102

102

30

25

101

101

0,5...30

0,5...25

1

1 0,5

0,5

10-1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

10-1

x Un

The protection against residual voltage allows to detect the faults which cause the movements of the star centre in case of system with isolated neutral. This protection trips after the set time when the residual voltage exceeds the threshold U10. This threshold can be set in a range from 0.1 to 0.4xUn and the time threshold from 0.5s to 30s. Function RV can be excluded.

66

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

x Pn

The protection against reversal of power is particularly suitable for protection of large rotary machines (e.g. motors). Under certain conditions a motor may generate power instead of absorbing it. When the total reverse active power (sum of the power of the three phases) exceeds the set power threshold P11, the protection function trips after the set time-delay t11 causing the circuit-breaker opening

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

67

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Protection against minimum frequency (function UF)

Curve A

This protection intervenes by generating an alarm or making the circuit-breaker open after the adjusted time-delay (t9) when the frequency varies below the set threshold f12. It is used above all for installations supplied by generators and co-generation plants.

k=0.14 alfa=0.02 104

t [s]

Protection against maximum frequency (function OF) This protection intervenes by generating an alarm or making the circuit-breaker open after the adjusted time-delay (t10) when the frequency exceeds the set threshold f13. It is used above all for installations supplied by generators and co-generation plants.

103

Protection against overtemperature (function OT) This protection allows signaling of the presence of anomalous temperatures which might cause malfunctioning of the electronic components of the trip unit. If the temperature reaches the ﬁrst threshold, (70°C), the trip unit shall advise the operator through the lightening up of the “warning” led; should the temperature reach the second threshold (85°C), besides the lightening up of the “warning” and “alarm” leds, the circuit-breaker would be tripped (by enabling the proper parameter).

102

101

Overload protection with curves according to IEC60255-3 This protection function against overload ﬁnds its application in the co-ordination with MV releases and fuses. In fact it is possible to obtain a co-ordination among the tripping curves of the circuit-breakers by getting nearer to the slopes of the tripping curves of MV releases or fuses, so that time-current selectivity between LV and MV is obtained. Besides being deﬁned by a current threshold I1 and by a trip time t1, the curves according to Std. IEC 60255 are deﬁned by the parameters “K” and “a” which determine their slope. The parameters are the following:

1

10-1

10-1

1

Curve typology Parameters

A

B

C

K

0.14

13.5

80.0

a

0.02

1.0

2.0

101

102

x In

The curve L complying with Std. IEC 60255-3 is available both for the electronic trip units type PR332-PR333 for T7 and X1 series circuit-breakers, as well as for the electronic trip units type PR122-PR123 for Emax series circuit-breakers.

68

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

69

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Curve B

Curve C

k=13.5 alfa=1

k=80 alfa=2

104

t [s]

103

t [s]

103

102

102

101

101

1

1

10-1

70

104

10-1

1

101

102

x In

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

10-1

10-1

1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

101

102

x In

71

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Motor protection L: motor protection function against overload according to the indications and classes deﬁned by the Std. IEC 60947-4-1

Motor protection I: protection against short-circuit with instantaneous trip

105

103

6...13 13

6

hot cold

104

102

t [s]

t [s] 103

10

102 1

10A

10

30

10-1

20 10 10A

1

30 20 10

10-2

10A

10-1 10-1

1

1,05

10

102 x I1

Function L implemented on MP trip units protects the motor against overloads, according to the indications and the classes deﬁned by the Std. IEC 60947-4-1. The protection is based on a pre-deﬁned thermal model, which by simulating the copper and iron overtemperatures inside motors, allows to safeguard properly the motor itself. The trip time-delay is set by selecting the trip class deﬁned in the above mentioned Standard. The function is temperature-compensated and sensitive to the lack of phase. Function L, which cannot be excluded, can be set manually from a minimum of 0.4 to a maximum of 1x In. Besides, it is necessary to select the starting class of the motor, which determines the trip time with a current equal to 7.2xIe in compliance with the prescriptions of item 4.7.3 of the Std. IEC 60947-4-1 4.7.3. For further details see Chapter 3.3 of Volume 2. 72

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

10-3 10-1

1

10

10 2 I [kA]

This protection function trips in case of phase-to-phase short-circuit. It is enough that one phase only exceeds the set threshold to cause the instantaneous opening of the circuit-breaker. The trip current can be set up to 13 times the rated current of the trip unit.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

73

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3.2 Characteristic curves and the software “Curves”

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Motor protection R: Protection against rotor block

Motor protection U: Protection against phase unbalance

105

105

104

104

t [s]

t [s] 103

103

3

102

4

5

102 6

7

8 10

101

101

10 7 4

1

1

1

10-1

10-1 10-1

1

1,05

101

102

x I1

Function R protects the motor against possible rotor block during operation. Protection R has the characteristics of protecting the motor in two different ways, according to whether the fault is present at start-up or whether it occurs during normal service of an already active plant. In the former case, protection R is linked to protection L for time selection as well: in the presence of a fault during the start-up, protection R is inhibited for a time equal to the time set according to the trip class. Once this time has been exceeded, protection R becomes active causing a trip after the set time t5. In the latter case, protection R is already active and the protection tripping time shall be equal to the set value t5. This protection intervenes when at least one of the phase current exceeds the established value and remains over that threshold for the ﬁxed time t5.

74

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

10-1

1

1,05

101

102

x I1

Function U can be used in those cases where a particularly accurate control is needed as regards phase lack/unbalance. This protection intervenes if the r.m.s. value of one or two currents drop below the level equal to 0.4 times the current I1 set for protection L and remain below it for longer than 4 seconds. This protection can be excluded.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

75

3.3 Limitation curves

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

A circuit-breaker in which the opening of the contacts occurs after the passage of the peak of the short-circuit current, or in which the trip occurs with the natural passage to zero, allows the system components to be subjected to high stresses, of both thermal and dynamic type. To reduce these stresses, currentlimiting circuit-breakers have been designed (see Chapter 2.2 “Main deﬁnitions”), which are able to start the opening operation before the short-circuit current has reached its ﬁrst peak, and to quickly extinguish the arc between the contacts; the following diagram shows the shape of the waves of both the prospective short-circuit current as well as of the limited short-circuit current.

Circuit-breaker T2L160 with thermomagnetic release In160 at 400 V, for a fault current of 40 kA, limits the short-circuit peak to 16.2 kA only, with a reduction of about 68 kA compared with the peak value in the absence of limitation (84 kA).

3.3 Limitation curves

Ip [kA] Curve A

10

84

2

68

1SDC008012F0001

Ik 16.2 Curve B

1SDC008011F0001

Prospective short-circuit current

Limited short-circuit current

t

The following diagram shows the limit curve for Tmax T2L160, In160 circuitbreaker. The x-axis shows the effective values of the symmetrical prospective short-circuit current, while the y-axis shows the relative peak value. The limiting effect can be evaluated by comparing, at equal values of symmetrical fault current, the peak value corresponding to the prospective short-circuit current (curve A) with the limited peak value (curve B).

76

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

10 1

1

1

10 1

40

10 2

Irms [kA]

Considering that the electro-dynamic stresses and the consequent mechanical stresses are closely connected to the current peak, the use of current limiting circuit-breakers allows optimum dimensioning of the components in an electrical plant. Besides, current limitation may also be used to obtain back-up protection between two circuit-breakers in series.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

77

3.3 Limitation curves

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics 3.4 Speciﬁc let-through energy curves

In addition to the advantages in terms of design, the use of current-limiting circuit-breakers allows, for the cases detailed by Standard IEC 60439-1, the avoidance of short-circuit withstand veriﬁcations for switchboards. Clause 8.2.3.1 of the Standard “Circuits of ASSEMBLIES which are exempted from the veriﬁcation of the short-circuit withstand strength” states that: “A veriﬁcation of the short-circuit withstand strength is not required in the following cases… For ASSEMBLIES protected by current-limiting devices having a cut-off current not exceeding 17 kA at the maximum allowable prospective short-circuit current at the terminals of the incoming circuit of the ASSEMBLY...” The example in the previous page included among those considered by the Standard: if the circuit-breaker was used as a main breaker in a switchboard to be installed in a point of the plant where the prospective short-circuit current is 40 kA, it would not be necessary to carry out the veriﬁcation of short-circuit withstand.

In case of short-circuit, the parts of a plant affected by a fault are subjected to thermal stresses which are proportional both to the square of the fault current as well as to the time required by the protection device to break the current. The energy let through by the protection device during the trip is termed “speciﬁc let-through energy” (I2t), measured in A2s. The knowledge of the value of the speciﬁc let-through energy in various fault conditions is fundamental for the dimensioning and the protection of the various parts of the installation. The effect of limitation and the reduced trip times inﬂuence the value of the speciﬁc let-through energy. For those current values for which the tripping of the circuit-breaker is regulated by the timing of the release, the value of the speciﬁc let-through energy is obtained by multiplying the square of the effective fault current by the time required for the protection device to trip; in other cases the value of the speciﬁc let-through energy may be obtained from the following diagrams. The following is an example of the reading from a diagram of the speciﬁc letthrough energy curve for a circuit-breaker type T3S 250 In160 at 400 V. The x-axis shows the symmetrical prospective short-circuit current, while the y-axis shows the speciﬁc let-through energy values, expressed in MA2s. Corresponding to a short-circuit current equal to 20 kA, the circuit-breaker lets through a value of I2t equal to 1.17 MA2s (1170000 A2s). I2t [106 A2 s] 10 3

10 2

10 1

1.17

1SDC008013F0001

1

10 -1

10 -2

78

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

10 1

20

10 2

Irms [kA]

79

3.5 Temperature derating

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics Whenever the ambient temperature is other than 40°C, the value of the current which can be carried continuously by the circuit-breaker is given in the following tables:

3.5 Temperature derating Standard IEC 60947-2 states that the temperature rise limits for circuit-breakers working at rated current must be within the limits given in the following table:

Circuit-breakers with thermomagnetic release Table 1 - Temperature rise limits for terminals and accessible parts Description of part*

10 °C

Temperature rise limits K 80 25 35

- Terminal for external connections - Manual operating metallic means: non metallic - Parts intended to be touched but not metallic 40 hand-held: non metallic 50 - Parts which need not be touched for metallic 50 normal operation: non metallic 60 * No value is speciﬁed for parts other than those listed but no damage should be caused to adjacent parts of insulating materials.

T1

These values are valid for a maximum reference ambient temperature of 40°C, as stated in Standard IEC 60947-1, clause 6.1.1.

T2

80

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

20 °C

30 °C

40 °C

50 °C

60 °C

In [A]

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

16

13

18

12

18

12

17

11

16

11

15

10

20

16

23

15

22

15

21

14

20

13

19

12

25

20

29

19

28

18

26

18

25

16

23

32

26

37

25

35

24

34

22

32

21

40

32

46

31

44

29

42

28

40

50

40

58

39

55

37

53

35

63

51

72

49

69

46

66

80

64

92

62

88

59

100

81

115

77

110

125

101

144

96

160

129

184

1,6

1,3

2

1,6

2,5

70 °C MIN

MAX

14

9

13

18

11

16

15

22

14

20

30

20

28

18

26

26

38

25

35

23

33

50

33

47

31

44

28

41

44

63

41

59

39

55

36

51

84

56

80

53

75

49

70

46

65

74

105

70

100

66

94

61

88

57

81

138

92

131

88

125

82

117

77

109

71

102

123

176

118

168

112

160

105

150

98

140

91

130

1,8

1,2

1,8

1,2

1,7

1,1

1,6

1

1,5

1

1,4

0,9

1,3

2,3

1,5

2,2

1,5

2,1

1,4

2

1,3

1,9

1,2

1,7

1,1

1,6

2

2,9

1,9

2,8

1,8

2,6

1,8

2,5

1,6

2,3

1,5

2,2

1,4

2

3,2

2,6

3,7

2,5

3,5

2,4

3,4

2,2

3,2

2,1

3

1,9

2,8

1,8

2,6

4

3,2

4,6

3,1

4,4

2,9

4,2

2,8

4

2,6

3,7

2,4

3,5

2,3

3,2

5

4

5,7

3,9

5,5

3,7

5,3

3,5

5

3,3

4,7

3

4,3

2,8

4

6,3

5,1

7,2

4,9

6,9

4,6

6,6

4,4

6,3

4,1

5,9

3,8

5,5

3,6

5,1 6,5

8

6,4

9,2

6,2

8,8

5,9

8,4

5,6

8

5,2

7,5

4,9

7

4,5

10

8

11,5

7,7

11

7,4

10,5

7

10

6,5

9,3

6,1

8,7

5,6

8,1

12,5

10,1

14,4

9,6

13,8

9,2

13,2

8,8

12,5

8,2

11,7

7,6

10,9

7,1

10,1

16

13

18

12

18

12

17

11

16

10

15

10

14

9

13

20

16

23

15

22

15

21

14

20

13

19

12

17

11

16

25

20

29

19

28

18

26

18

25

16

23

15

22

14

20

32

26

37

25

35

24

34

22

32

21

30

19

28

18

26

40

32

46

31

44

29

42

28

40

26

37

24

35

23

32

50

40

57

39

55

37

53

35

50

33

47

30

43

28

40

63

51

72

49

69

46

66

44

63

41

59

38

55

36

51

80

64

92

62

88

59

84

56

80

52

75

49

70

45

65

100

80

115

77

110

74

105

70

100

65

93

61

87

56

81

125

101

144

96

138

92

132

88

125

82

117

76

109

71

101

160

129

184

123

178

118

168

112

160

105

150

97

139

90

129

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

81

3.5 Temperature derating

3.5 Temperature derating

3 General characteristics 10 °C In [A]

T3

T4

T5

T6

MIN

63

51

MAX

20 °C MIN

72

49

MAX

30 °C MIN

69

46

MAX

40 °C MIN

66

44

MAX

3 General characteristics 50 °C

MIN

MAX

60 °C MIN

MAX

Circuit-breakers with electronic release

70 °C MIN

MAX

63

41

59

38

55

35

51

80

64

92

62

88

59

84

56

80

52

75

48

69

45

64

100

80

115

77

110

74

105

70

100

65

93

61

87

56

80

125

101

144

96

138

92

132

88

125

82

116

76

108

70

100

160

129

184

123

176

118

168

112

160

104

149

97

139

90

129

200

161

230

154

220

147

211

140

200

130

186

121

173

112

161

250

201

287

193

278

184

263

175

250

163

233

152

216

141

201

20

19

27

18

24

16

23

14

20

12

17

10

15

8

13

32

26

43

24

39

22

36

19

32

16

27

14

24

11

21

50

37

62

35

58

33

54

30

50

27

46

25

42

22

39

80

59

98

55

92

52

86

48

80

44

74

40

66

32

58

100

83

118

80

113

74

106

70

100

66

95

59

85

49

75

125

103

145

100

140

94

134

88

125

80

115

73

105

63

95

160

130

185

124

176

118

168

112

160

106

150

100

104

90

130

200

162

230

155

220

147

210

140

200

133

190

122

175

107

160

250

200

285

193

275

183

262

175

250

168

240

160

230

150

220

320

260

368

245

350

234

335

224

320

212

305

200

285

182

263

400

325

465

310

442

295

420

280

400

265

380

250

355

230

325

500

435

620

405

580

380

540

350

500

315

450

280

400

240

345

630

520

740

493

705

462

660

441

630

405

580

380

540

350

500

800

685

965

640

905

605

855

560

800

520

740

470

670

420

610

up to 40°C

ﬁxed T2 160 plug-in

ﬁxed T4 250 plug-in

ﬁxed T4 320 plug-in

Examples:

ﬁxed

Selection of a moulded-case circuit-breaker, with thermomagnetic release, for a load current of 180 A, at an ambient temperature of 60°C. From the table referring to Tmax T3, it can be seen that the most suitable breaker is the T3 In 250, which can be set from 152 A to 216 A.

T5 400 plug-in

ﬁxed T5 630 plug-in

50°C

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

70°C

I1

Imax (A)

I1

Imax (A)

I1

Imax (A)

I1

F EF ES FC Cu FC CuAl R F EF ES FC Cu FC CuAl R

160 160 160 160 160 160 144 144 144 144 144 144

1 1 1 1 1 1 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9

153.6 153.6 153.6 153.6 153.6 153.6 138 138 138 138 138 138

0,96 0,96 0,96 0,96 0,96 0,96 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,84

140.8 140.8 140.8 140.8 140.8 140.8 126 126 126 126 126 126

0,88 0,88 0,88 0,88 0,88 0,88 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8

128 128 128 128 128 128 112 112 112 112 112 112

0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68

FC F R (HR) R (VR) FC F HR VR FC F R (HR) R (VR) FC F HR VR

250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 294 294 294 307 294 294 294 307

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0,92 0,92 0,92 0,96 0,92 0,92 0,92 0,96

250 250 250 250 230 230 230 240 269 269 269 281 268 268 268 282

1 1 1 1 0,92 0,92 0,92 0,96 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,88 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,88

220 220 220 230 210 210 210 220 243 243 243 256 242 242 242 256

0,88 0,88 0,88 0,92 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,88 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,8 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,8

FC F R (HR) R (VR) FC F R (HR) R (VR) FC F HR VR F HR VR

400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 630 630 630 630 567 567 567

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9

400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 580 580 580 605 502 502 526

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0,92 0,92 0,92 0,96 0,8 0,8 0,82

400 400 400 400 368 368 368 382 529 529 529 554 458 458 480

1 1 1 1 0,92 0,92 0,92 0,96 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,88 0,72 0,72 0,76

352 352 352 368 336 336 336 350 479 479 479 504 409 409 429

0,88 0,88 0,88 0,92 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,88 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,80 0,64 0,64 0,68

Caption F= Front ﬂat terminals FC= Front terminals for cables HR= Rear ﬂat horizontal terminals VR= Rear ﬂat vertical terminals R= Rear terminals

82

60°C

Imax (A)

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

EF= Front extended FC Cu = Front terminals for copper cables FC CuAl= Front terminals for CuAl cables ES= Front extended spread terminals

83

3.5 Temperature derating

3.5 Temperature derating

3 General characteristics up to 40°C

ﬁxed T6 630 plug-in ﬁxed T6 800 plug-in

T6 1000

T7 1000 V version T7 1250 V version

ﬁxed

ﬁxed plug-in ﬁxed plug-in

T7 1250 ﬁxed S-H-L version plug-in T7 1600 ﬁxed S-H-L version plug-in

50°C

3 General characteristics 60°C

Emax X1 with horizontal rear terminals

70°C

Imax (A)

I1

Imax (A)

I1

Imax (A)

I1

Imax (A)

I1

FC R (VR) R (HR) F VR HR FC R (VR) R (HR) F VR HR FC R (HR) R (VR) ES

630 630 630 630 630 630 800 800 800 800 800 800 1000 1000 1000 1000

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

630 630 630 598,5 630 598,5 800 800 800 760 800 760 926 926 1000 900

1 1 1 0,95 1 0,95 1 1 1 0,95 1 0,95 0,93 0,93 1 0,9

598,1 630 567 567 598,5 567 760 800 720 720 760 720 877 845 913 820

1 1 0,9 0,9 0,95 0,9 0,95 1 0,9 0,9 0,95 0,9 0,88 0,85 0,92 0,82

567 598,5 504 567 504 504 720 760 640 640 720 640 784 756 817 720

0,9 0,95 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,95 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,78 0,76 0,82 0,72

VR EF-HR VR EF-HR VR EF-HR VR EF-HR VR EF-HR VR EF-HR VR EF-HR VR EF-HR

1000 1000 1000 1000 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1600 1600 1600 1600

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1000 1000 1000 1000 1201 1157 1157 1000 1250 1250 1250 1250 1537 1481 1481 1280

1 1 1 1 0,96 0,93 0,93 0,8 1 1 1 1 0,96 0,93 0,93 0,8

1000 895 913 895 1096 1056 1056 913 1250 1118 1141 1118 1403 1352 1352 1168

1 0,89 0,91 0,89 0,88 0,85 0,85 0,73 1 0,89 0,91 0,89 0,88 0,85 0,85 0,73

894 784 816 784 981 945 945 816 1118 980 1021 980 1255 1209 1209 1045

0,89 0,78 0,82 0,78 0,78 0,76 0,76 0,65 0,89 0,78 0,82 0,78 0,78 0,76 0,76 0,65

Caption F= Front ﬂat terminals FC= Front terminals for cables HR= Rear ﬂat horizontal terminals VR= Rear ﬂat vertical terminals R= Rear terminals

EF= Front extended FC Cu = Front terminals for copper cables FC CuAl= Front terminals for CuAl cables ES= Front extended spread terminals

Temperature [°C] 10 20 30 40 45 50 55 60

X1 630 % [A] 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630

X1 800 % [A] 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800

X1 1000 % [A] 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000

X1 1250 % [A] 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250

X1 1600 % [A] 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 97 1550 94 1500 93 1480

X1 1600 % [A] 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 98 1570 95 1520

Emax X1 with vertical rear terminals Temperature [°C] 10 20 30 40 45 50 55 60

X1 630 % [A] 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630 100 630

X1 800 % [A] 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800

X1 1000 % [A] 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000

X1 1250 % [A] 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250

E1 800 % [A] 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800

E1 1000 % [A] 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000

E1 1250 % [A] 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 99 1240 98 1230

E1 1600 % [A] 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 98 1570 96 1530 94 1500 92 1470 89 1430 87 1400

Emax E1 Temperature [°C] 10 20 30 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Example: Selection of a moulded-case circuit-breaker, with electronic release, in withdrawable version with rear ﬂat horizontal bar terminals, for a load current equal to 720 A, with an ambient temperature of 50 °C. From the table referring to Tmax T6, it can be seen that the most suitable breaker is the T6 800, which can be set from 320 A to 760 A.

84

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

85

3.5 Temperature derating

3.5 Temperature derating

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Emax E2 Temperature [°C] 10 20 30 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Emax E4 E2 800 % [A] 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800 100 800

E2 1000 % [A] 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000 100 1000

E2 1250 % [A] 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250 100 1250

E2 1600 % A] 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 100 1600 98 1570 96 1538 94 1510

E2 2000 % [A] 100 2000 100 2000 100 2000 100 2000 100 2000 97 1945 94 1885 91 1825 88 1765 85 1705

Emax E3 Temperature [C°]

86

Temperature [°C] 10 20 30 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

E4 3200 % [A] 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 98 3120 95 3040

E4 4000 % [A] 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 98 3900 95 3790 92 3680 89 3570 87 3460

E6 3200 % [A] 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200 100 3200

E6 4000 % [A] 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000 100 4000

Emax E6 E3 800 E3 1000 E3 1250 E3 1600 %

[A]

%

[A]

%

[A]

%

[A]

E3 2000 E3 2500 E3 3200 %

[A]

%

[A]

%

[A]

10

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 1001600 100 2000 100 2500 100 3200

20

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 100 2500 100 3200

30

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 100 2500 100 3200

40

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 100 2500 100 3200

45

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 100 2500 100 3200

50

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 100 2500 97 3090

55

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 100 2500 93 2975

60

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 100 2500 89 2860

65

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 97 2425 86 2745

70

100 800 100 1000 100 1250 100 1600 100 2000 94 2350 82 2630

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Temperature [°C] 10 20 30 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

E6 5000 % [A] 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 100 5000 98 4910 96 4815 94 4720

E6 6300 % [A] 100 6300 100 6300 100 6300 100 6300 100 6300 100 6300 98 6190 96 6070 94 5850 92 5600

87

3.5 Temperature derating

3.5 Temperature derating

3 General characteristics The following table lists examples of the continuous current carrying capacity for circuit-breakers installed in a switchboard with the dimensions indicated below. These values refer to withdrawable switchgear installed in non segregated switchboards with a protection rating up to IP31, and following dimensions: 2000x400x400 (HxLxD) for X1, 2300x800x900 (HxLxD) for X1 - E1 - E2 - E3; 2300x1400x1500 (HxLxD) for E4 - E6. The values refer to a maximum temperature at the terminals of 120 °C. For withdrawable circuit-breakers with a rated current of 6300 A, the use of vertical rear terminals is recommended.

For switchboards with the following dimensions (mm): 2000x400x400 Type X1B/N/L 06 X1B/N/L 08 X1B/N/ 10 X1L 10 X1B/N/ 12 X1L 12 X1B/N 16

Iu [A] 630 800 1000 1000 1250 1250 1600

Vertical terminals Continuous capacity Busbars section [A] [mm2] 35°C 45°C 55°C 630 630 630 2x(40x5) 800 800 800 2x(50x5) 1000 1000 1000 2x(50x8) 1000 1000 960 2x(50x8) 1250 1250 1250 2x(50x8) 1250 1205 1105 2x(50x8) 1520 1440 1340 2x(50x10)

Horizontal and front terminals Continuous capacity Busbars section [A] [mm2] 35°C 45°C 55°C 630 630 630 2x(40x5) 800 800 800 2x(50x5) 1000 1000 1000 2x(50x10) 1000 950 890 2x(50x10) 1250 1250 1200 2x(50x10) 1250 1125 955 2x(50x10) 1400 1330 1250 3x(50x8)

For switchboards with the following dimensions (mm): 2300x800x900 Type X1B/N/L 06 X1B/N/L 08 X1B/N/L 10 X1L 10 X1B/N/L 12 X1L 12 X1B/N 16

88

Iu [A] 630 800 1000 1000 1250 1250 1600

Vertical terminals Continuous capacity Busbars section [A] [mm2] 35°C 45°C 55°C 630 630 630 2x(40x5) 800 800 800 2x(50x5) 1000 1000 1000 2x(50x8) 1000 1000 1000 2x(50x8) 1250 1250 1250 2x(50x8) 1250 1250 1110 2x(50x8) 1600 1500 1400 2x(50x10)

Horizontal and front terminals Continuous capacity Busbars section [A] [mm2] 35°C 45°C 55°C 630 630 630 2x(40x5) 800 800 800 2x(50x5) 1000 1000 1000 2x(50x10) 1000 960 900 2x(50x10) 1250 1250 1200 2x(50x10) 1250 1150 960 2x(50x10) 1460 1400 1300 3x(50x8)

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

3 General characteristics Type

Iu [A]

E1B/N 08 E1B/N 10 E1B/N 12 E1B/N 16 E2S 08 E2N/S 10 E2N/S 12 E2B/N/S 16 E2B/N/S 20 E2L 12 E2L 16 E3H/V 08 E3S/H 10 E3S/H/V 12 E3S/H/V 16 E3S/H/V 20 E3N/S/H/V 25 E3N/S/H/V 32 E3L 20 E3L 25 E4H/V 32 E4S/H/V 40 E6V 32 E6H/V 40 E6H/V 50 E6H/V 63

800 1000 1250 1600 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 1250 1600 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 2000 2500 3200 4000 3200 4000 5000 6300

Vertical terminals Continuous capacity Busbars section [A] [mm2] 35°C 45°C 55°C 800 800 800 1x(60x10) 1000 1000 1000 1x(80x10) 1250 1250 1250 1x(80x10) 1600 1600 1500 2x(60x10) 800 800 800 1x(60x10) 1000 1000 1000 1x(60x10) 1250 1250 1250 1x(60x10) 1600 1600 1600 2x(60x10) 2000 2000 1800 3x(60x10) 1250 1250 1250 1x(60x10) 1600 1600 1500 2x(60x10) 800 800 800 1x(60x10) 1000 1000 1000 1x(60x10) 1250 1250 1250 1x(60x10) 1600 1600 1600 1x(100x10) 2000 2000 2000 2x(100x10) 2500 2500 2500 2x(100x10) 3200 3100 2800 3x(100x10) 2000 2000 2000 2x(100x10) 2500 2390 2250 2x(100x10) 3200 3200 3200 3x(100x10) 4000 3980 3500 4x(100x10) 3200 3200 3200 3x(100x10) 4000 4000 4000 4x(100x10) 5000 4850 4600 6x(100x10) 6000 5700 5250 7x(100x10)

Horizontal and front terminals Continuous capacity Busbars section [A] [mm2] 35°C 45°C 55°C 800 800 800 1x(60x10) 1000 1000 1000 2x(60x8) 1250 1250 1200 2x(60x8) 1550 1450 1350 2x(60x10) 800 800 800 1x(60x10) 1000 1000 1000 1x(60x10) 1250 1250 1250 1x(60x10) 1600 1600 1530 2x(60x10) 2000 2000 1750 3x(60x10) 1250 1250 1250 1x(60x10) 1600 1500 1400 2x(60x10) 800 800 800 1x(60x10) 1000 1000 1000 1x(60x10) 1250 1250 1250 1x(60x10) 1600 1600 1600 1x(100x10) 2000 2000 2000 2x(100x10) 2500 2450 2400 2x(100x10) 3000 2880 2650 3x(100x10) 2000 2000 1970 2x(100x10) 2375 2270 2100 2x(100x10) 3200 3150 3000 3x(100x10) 3600 3510 3150 6x(60x10) 3200 3200 3200 3x(100x10) 4000 4000 4000 4x(100x10) 4850 4510 4250 6x(100x10) -

Note: the reference temperature is the ambient temperature

Examples: Selection of an air circuit-breaker, with electronic release, in withdrawable version, with vertical terminals, for a load current of 2700 A, with a temperature of 55 °C outside of the IP31 switchboard. From the tables referring to the current carrying capacity inside the switchboard for Emax circuit-breaker (see above), it can be seen that the most suitable breaker is the E3 3200, with busbars section 3x(100x10) mm2, which can be set from 1280 A to 2800 A.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

89

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

3.6 Altitude derating

3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors For installations carried out at altitudes of more than 2000 m above sea level, the performance of low voltage circuit-breakers is subject to a decline. Basically there are two main phenomena: • the reduction of air density causes a lower efﬁciency in heat transfer. The allowable heating conditions for the various parts of the circuit-breaker can only be followed if the value of the rated uninterrupted current is decreased; • the rarefaction of the air causes a decrease in dielectric rigidity, so the usual isolation distances become insufﬁcient. This leads to a decrease in the maximum rated voltage at which the device can be used. The correction factors for the different types of circuit-breakers, both mouldedcase and air circuit-breakers, are given in the following table:

A switch disconnector as deﬁned by the standard IEC 60947-3 is a mechanical switching device which, when in the open position, carries out a disconnecting function and ensures an isolating distance (distance between contacts) sufﬁcient to guarantee safety. This safety of disconnection must be guaranteed and veriﬁed by the positive operation: the operating lever must always indicate the actual position of the mobile contacts of the device. The mechanical switching device must be able to make, carry and break currents in normal circuit conditions, including any overload currents in normal service, and to carry, for a speciﬁed duration, currents in abnormal circuit conditions, such as, for example, short-circuit conditions. Switch disconnectors are often used as: • main sub-switchboard devices; • switching and disconnecting devices for lines, busbars or load units; • bus-tie.

Rated operational voltage Ue [V] Altitude

2000[m]

3000[m]

4000[m]

5000[m]

Tmax*

690

600

500

440

Emax

690

600

500

440

Rated uninterrupted current Iu [A] 2000[m]

3000[m]

4000[m]

5000[m]

Tmax

Altitude

100%

98%

93%

90%

Emax

100%

98%

93%

90%

*Excluding Tmax T1P

90

The switch disconnector shall ensure that the whole plant or part of it is not live, safely disconnecting from any electrical supply. The use of such a switch disconnector allows, for example, personnel to carry out work on the plant without risks of electrical nature. Even if the use of a single pole devices side by side is not forbidden, the standards recommend the use of multi-pole devices so as to guarantee the simultaneous isolation of all poles in the circuit. The speciﬁc rated characteristics of switch disconnectors are deﬁned by the standard IEC 60947-3, as detailed below: • Icw [kA]: rated short-time withstand current: is the current that a switch is capable of carrying, without damage, in the closed position for a speciﬁc duration

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

91

3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors

3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

• Icm [kA]: rated short-circuit making capacity:

Table1: Utilization categories

is the maximum peak value of a short-circuit current which the switch disconnector can close without damages. When this value is not given by the manufacturer it must be taken to be at least equal to the peak current corresponding to Icw. It is not possible to deﬁne a breaking capacity Icu [kA] since switch disconnectors are not required to break short-circuit currents

Utilization categories Nature of current

• utilization categories with alternating current AC and with direct current DC: deﬁne the kind of the conditions of using which are represented by two letters to indicate the type of circuit in which the device may be installed (AC for alternating current and DC for direct current), with a two digit number for the type of load which must be operated, and an additional letter (A or B) which represents the frequency in the using.

Alternating Current

With reference to the utilization categories, the product standard deﬁnes the current values which the switch disconnector must be able to break and make under abnormal conditions.

The characteristics of the utilization categories are detailed in Table 1 below. The most demanding category in alternating current is AC23A, for which the device must be capable of connecting a current equal to 10 times the rated current of the device, and of disconnecting a current equal to 8 times the rated current of the device.

Direct Current

Utilization category Typical applications

Frequent operation

Non-frequent operation

AC-20A

AC-20B

Connecting and disconnecting under no-load conditions

AC-21A

AC-21B

Switching of resistive loads including moderate overloads

AC-22A

AC-22B

Switching of mixed resistive and inductive loads, including moderate overload

AC-23A

AC-23B

Switching of motor loads or other highly inductive loads

DC-20A

DC-20B

Connecting and disconnecting under no-load conditions

DC-21A

DC-21B

Switching of resistive loads including moderate overloads

DC-22A

DC-22B

Switching of mixed resistive and inductive loads, including moderate overload (e.g. shunt motors)

DC-23A

DC-23B

Switching of highly inductive loads

From the point of view of construction, the switch disconnector is a very simple device. It is not ﬁtted with devices for overcurrent detection and the consequent automatic interruption of the current. Therefore the switch disconnector cannot be used for automatic protection against overcurrent which may occur in the case of failure, protection must be provided by a coordinated circuit-breaker. The combination of the two devices allows the use of switch disconnectors in systems in which the short-circuit current value is greater than the electrical parameters which define the performance of the disconnector (back-up protection see Chapter 4.4. This is valid only for Isomax and Tmax switchdisconnectors. For the Emax/MS air disconnectors, it must be veriﬁed that the values for Icw and Icm are higher to the values for short-circuit in the plant and correspondent peak, respectively.

92

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

93

3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors

3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Tables 2, 3 and 4 detail the main characteristics of the disconnectors. Table 2: Tmax switch disconnectors

Conventional thermal current, Ith Rated service current in category AC22, Ie Rated service current in category AC23, Ie Poles (AC) 50-60 Hz Rated service voltage, Ue (DC) Rated impulse withstand voltage, Uimp Rated insulation voltage, Ui Test voltage at industrial frequency for 1 minute Rated short-circuit making capacity, Icm (min) switch-disconnector only (max) with circuit-breaker on supply side Rated short-time withstand current for 1s, Icw Reference Standard Versions Terminals Mechanical life Basic dimensions, ﬁxed

Weight

ﬁxed plug-in withdrawable

[A] [A] [A] [Nr.] [V] [V] [kV] [V] [V] [kA] [kA] [kA]

[No. operations] [No. Hourly operations] 3 poles W [mm] W [mm] 4 poles D [mm] H [mm] 3/4 poles [kg] 3/4 poles [kg] 3/4 poles [kg]

Tmax T1D

Tmax T3D

Tmax T4D

Tmax T5D

Tmax T6D

Tmax T7D

160 160 125 3/4 690 500 8 800 3000 2.8 187 2 IEC 60947-3 F FC Cu - EF FC CuAl 25000 120 76 102 70 130 0.9/1.2 – –

250 250 200 3/4 690 500 8 800 3000 5.3 105 3.6 IEC 60947-3 F-P F-FC CuAl-FC CuEF-ES-R 25000 120 105 140 70 150 1.5/2 2.1/3.7 –

250/320 250/320 250 3/4 690 750 8 800 3000 5.3 440 3.6 IEC 60947-3 F-P-W F-FC CuAl-FC Cu-EFES-R-MC-HR-VR 20000 120 105 140 103.5 205 2.35/3.05 3.6/4.65 3.85/4.9

400/630 400/630 400 3/4 690 750 8 800 3000 11 440 6 IEC 60947-3 F-P-W F-FC CuAl-FC Cu-EFES-R-HR-VR 20000 120 140 184 103.5 205 3.25/4.15 5.15/6.65 5.4/6.9

630/800/1000 630/800/1000 630/800/800 3/4 690 750 8 1000 3500 30 440 15 IEC 60947-3 F-W F-FC CuAl-EFES-R-RC 20000 120 210 280 268 103.5 9.5/12 – 12.1/15.1

1000/1250/1600 1000/1250/1600 1000/1250/1250 3/4 690 750 8 1000 3000 52.5 440 20 IEC 60947-3 F-W F-EF-ES-FC CuAl HR/VR 10000 60 210 280 154(manual)/178(motorizable) 268

KEY TO VERSIONS F = Fixed P = Plug-in W = Withdrawable

94

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

KEY TO TERMINALS F = Front EF = Extended front ES = Extended spreaded front

9.7/12.5(manual)/11/14(motorizable)

– 29.7/39.6(manual)/32/42.6(motorizable)

VR = Rear vertical ﬂat bar

FC CuAl = Front for copper or aluminium cables R = Rear threaded RC = Rear for copper or aluminium cables HR = Rear horizontal ﬂat bar

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

95

3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors

3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors

3 General characteristics

3 General characteristics

Table 4: Emax switch disconnectors X1B/MS E1B/MS E1N/MS E2B/MS Rated uninterrupted current (a 40 °C) Iu

[A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] Rated operational voltage Ue [V ~] [V –] Rated insulation voltage Ui [V ~] Rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp [kV] Rated short-time withstand current Icw (1s) [kA] (3s) [kA] Rated short-circuit making capacity (peak value) Icm 220/230/380/400/415/440 V ~ [kA] 500/660/690 V ~ [kA]

E2N/MS

E2S/MS

E3N/MS

E3S/MS

800 1250 1600 2000 2600 3200 690 250 1000

4000

4000

3200 4000

3200 4000

4000 5000 6300

4000 5000 6300

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

1000 1250 1600

800 1000 1250 1600

800 1000 1250 1600

1600 2000

1000 1250 1600 2000

1000 1250 1600 2000

2500 3200

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

690 250 1000

1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 690 250 1000

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

42

42 36

50(1) 36

42 42

55 42

65 42

65 65

75 65

85 65

75 75

75 75

85 75

100(2) 75

100 85

100 85

88.2 88.2

88.2 88.2

105 105

88.2 88.2

121 121

187 143

143 143

165 165

187 187

165 165

165 165

187 187

220 220

220 220

220 220

Note: the breaking capacity Icu, at the maximum rated use voltage, by means of external protection relay, with 500 ms maximum timing, is equal to the value of Icw (1s).

96

E3V/MS E4S/fMS E4S/MS E4H/fMS E4H/MS E6H/MS E6H/f MS

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

(1) (2)

Icw=36kA@690V. Icw=85kA@690V.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

97

4.1 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination 4.1 Protection coordination

Deﬁnition of discrimination The design of a system for protecting an electric network is of fundamental importance both to ensure the correct economic and functional operation of the installation as a whole and to reduce to a minimum any problem caused by anomalous operating conditions and/or malfunctions. The present analysis discusses the coordination between the different devices dedicated to the protection of zones and speciﬁc components with a view to: • guaranteeing safety for people and installation at all times; • identifying and rapidly excluding only the zone affected by a problem, instead of taking indiscriminate actions and thus reducing the energy available to the rest of the network; • containing the effects of a malfunction on other intact parts of the network (voltage dips, loss of stability in the rotating machines); • reducing the stress on components and damage in the affected zone; • ensuring the continuity of the service with a good quality feeding voltage; • guaranteeing an adequate back-up in the event of any malfunction of the protective device responsible for opening the circuit; • providing staff and management systems with the information they need to restore the service as rapidly as possible and with a minimal disturbance to the rest of the network; • achieving a valid compromise between reliability, simplicity and cost effectiveness. To be more precise, a valid protection system must be able to: • understand what has happened and where it has happened, discriminating between situations that are anomalous but tolerable and faults within a given zone of inﬂuence, avoiding unnecessary tripping and the consequent unjustiﬁed disconnection of a sound part of the system; • take action as rapidly as possible to contain damage (destruction, accelerated ageing, ...), safeguarding the continuity and stability of the power supply. The most suitable solution derives from a compromise between these two opposing needs-to identify precisely the fault and to act rapidly - and is deﬁned in function of which of these two requirements takes priority.

Over-current coordination Inﬂuence of the network’s electrical parameters (rated current and short-circuit current) The strategy adopted to coordinate the protective devices depends mainly on the rated current (In) and short-circuit current (Ik) values in the considered point of network. Generally speaking, we can classify the following types of coordination: • • • • • 98

4 Protection coordination

current discrimination; time (or time-current) discrimination; zone (or logical) discrimination; energy discrimination; back-up. ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

The over-current discrimination is deﬁned in the Standards as “coordination of the operating characteristics of two or more over-current protective devices such that, on the incidence of over-currents within stated limits, the device intended to operate within these limits does so, while the others do not operate” (IEC 60947-1, def. 2.5.23); It is possible to distinguish between: • total discrimination, which means “over-current discrimination such that, in the case of two over-current protective devices in series, the protective device on the load side provides protection without tripping the other protective device” (IEC 60947-2, def. 2.17.2); • partial discrimination, which means “over-current discrimination such that, in the case of two over-current protective devices in series, the protective device on the load side provides protection up to a given over-current limit without tripping the other” (IEC 60947-2, def. 2.17.3); this over-current threshold is called “discrimination limit current Is” (IEC 60947-2, def. 2.17.4).

Current discrimination This type of discrimination is based on the observation that the closer the fault comes to the network’s feeder, the greater the short-circuit current will be. We can therefore pinpoint the zone where the fault has occurred simply by calibrating the instantaneous protection of the device upstream to a limit value higher than the fault current which causes the tripping of the device downstream. We can normally achieve total discrimination only in speciﬁc cases where the fault current is not very high (and comparable with the device’s rated current) or where a component with high impedance is between the two protective devices (e.g. a transformer, a very long or small cable...) giving rise to a large difference between the short-circuit current values. This type of coordination is consequently feasible mainly in ﬁnal distribution networks (with low rated current and short-circuit current values and a high impedance of the connection cables). The devices’ time-current tripping curves are generally used for the study. This solution is: • rapid; • easy to implement; • and inexpensive. On the other hand: • the discrimination limits are normally low; • increasing the discrimination levels causes a rapid growing of the device sizes. The following example shows a typical application of current discrimination based on the different instantaneous tripping threshold values of the circuit-breakers considered.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

99

4.1 Protection coordination

4.1 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination

With a fault current value at the deﬁned point equal to 1000 A, an adequate coordination is obtained by using the considered circuit-breakers as veriﬁed in the tripping curves of the protection devices. The discrimination limit is given by the minimum magnetic threshold of the circuit-breaker upstream, T1B160 In160.

• it enables the use of current-limiting circuit-breakers only at levels hierarchically lower down the chain; the other circuit-breakers have to be capable of withstanding the thermal and electro-dynamic stresses related to the passage of the fault current for the intentional time delay. Selective circuit-breakers, often air type, have to be used for the various levels to guarantee a sufﬁciently high short-time withstand current; • the duration of the disturbance induced by the short-circuit current on the power supply voltages in the zones unaffected by the fault can cause problems with electronic and electro-mechanical devices (voltage below the electromagnetic releasing value); • the number of discrimination levels is limited by the maximum time that the network can stand without loss of stability.

Time-current curves

[s] 104

Ur = 400V 103

T1B 160 In160

102

101

The following example shows a typical application of time discrimination obtained by setting differently the tripping times of the different protection devices.

T1B160In25

1

Cable

Electronic release:

T1B160In160

T1D 160

1SDC008014F0001

10 -1

10 -2

10 -1

1

10 1

E4S 4000 PR121-LSI In4000 E3N 2500 PR121-LSI In2500 S7H 1600 PR211-LI In1600

L (Long delay) Setting: 0.9 Curve: 12s Setting: 1 Curve: 3s Setting: 1 Curve: A

S (Short delay) Setting: 8.5 Curve: 0.5s Setting: 10 Curve: 0.3s

Off Off Setting: 10

I [kA]

T1B 160 In25

U

Ur = 15000 V

Ik=1kA

Time-current curves Sr = 2500 kVA Ur2 = 400 V uk% = 6%

Time discrimination This type of discrimination is an evolution from the previous one. The setting strategy is therefore based on progressively increasing the current thresholds and the time delays for tripping the protective devices as we come closer to the power supply source. As in the case of current discrimination, the study is based on a comparison of the time-current tripping curves of the protective devices. This type of coordination: • is easy to study and implement; • is relatively inexpensive; • enables to achieve even high discrimination levels, depending on the Icw of the upstream device; • allows a redundancy of the protective functions and can send valid information to the control system, but has the following disadvantages: • the tripping times and the energy levels that the protective devices (especially those closer to the sources) let through are high, with obvious problems concerning safety and damage to the components even in zones unaffected by the fault;

100

I (IST)

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

[s] 104

E4S 4000 PR121-LSI In4000

103

102

E4S4000

101

E3N 2500 PR121-LSI In2500

1 10 -1

S7H 1600 PR211-LI In1600

Ik=60kA

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

S7H1600

E3N2500

1SDC008015F0001

U

4 Protection coordination

10 -2

1

10 1

10 2

10 3

I [kA]

101

4.1 Protection coordination

4.1 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination

Zone (or logical) discrimination

Zone selectivity with Emax

The ﬁrst mode foresees tripping times of about one second and is used mainly in the case of not particularly high short-circuit currents where a power ﬂow is not uniquely deﬁned. The second mode enables distinctly shorter tripping times: with respect to a time discrimination coordination, there is no longer any need to increase the intentional time delay progressively as we move closer to the source of the power supply. The maximum delay is in relation to the time necessary to detect any presence of a blocking signal sent from the protective device downstream. Advantages: • reduction of the tripping times and increase of the safety level; • reduction of both the damages caused by the fault as well of the disturbances in the power supply network; • reduction of the thermal and dynamic stresses on the circuit-breakers and on the components of the system; • large number of discrimination levels; • redundancy of protections: in case of malfunction of zone discrimination, the tripping is ensured by the settings of the other protection functions of the circuit-breakers. In particular, it is possible to adjust the time-delay protection functions against short-circuit at increasing time values, the closer they are to the network’s feeder. Disadvantages: • higher costs; • greater complexity of the system (special components, additional wiring, auxiliary power sources, ...). This solution is therefore used mainly in systems with high rated current and high short-circuit current values, with precise needs in terms of both safety and continuity of service: in particular, examples of logical discrimination can be often found in primary distribution switchboards, immediately downstream of transformers and generators and in meshed networks.

102

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

A E4S 4000PR123/P

B

E3N 2500PR123/P

OUT

OUT IN

X1N 1000PR333/P

IN

C

OUT IN

Ik

D X1N 800PR332/P

OUT IN

X1N 800PR332/P

E

OUT IN

1SDC200559F0001

The zone discrimination is available with MCCB (T4 L-T5 L-T6 L with PR223-EF) and ACB (with PR332/P - PR333/P - PR122 - PR 123). This type of coordination is implemented by means of a dialogue between current measuring devices that, when they ascertain that a setting threshold has been exceeded, give the correct identiﬁcation and disconnection only of the zone affected by the fault. In practice, it can be implemented in two ways: • the releases send information on the preset current threshold that has been exceeded to the supervisor system and the latter decides which protective device has to trip; • in the event of current values exceeding its setting threshold, each protective device sends a blocking signal via a direct connection or bus to the protective device higher in the hierarchy (i.e. upstream with respect to the direction of the power ﬂow) and, before it trips, it makes sure that a similar blocking signal has not arrived from the protective device downstream; in this way, only the protective device immediately upstream of the fault trips.

The example above shows a plant wired so as to guarantee zone selectivity with Emax CB equipped with PR332/P-PR333/P-PR122/P-PR123/P releases. Each circuit-breaker detecting a fault sends a signal to the circuit-breaker immediately on the supply side through a communication wire; the circuit-breaker that does not receive any communication from the circuit-breakers on the load side shall launch the opening command. In this example, with a fault located in the indicated point, the circuit-breakers D and E do not detect the fault and therefore they do not communicate with the circuit-breaker on the supply side (circuit-breaker B), which shall launch the opening command within the selectivity time set from 40 to 200 ms. To actuate correctly zone selectivity, the following settings are suggested: S I G Selectivity time

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

t2 ≥ selectivity time + 70 ms I3 = OFF t4 ≥ selectivity time + 70 ms same settings for each circuit-breaker

103

4.1 Protection coordination

4.1 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination

Zone selectivity for circuit-breakers type Tmax (T4L-T5L-T6L) with PR223 EF releases

Energy discrimination

A T5L 630 PR223/EF

OUT T4L 250 PR223/EF

IN

OUT IN

OUT

OUT T4L 250 PR223/EF

B

C

IN

T4L 250 PR223/EF

IN

D

1SDC200560F0001

Ik

The example above shows a plant wired through an interlocking protocol (Interlocking, IL), so as to guarantee zone selectivity through PR223 EF release. In case of short-circuit, the circuit-breaker immediately on the supply side of the fault sends through the bus a block signal to the protection device hierarchically higher and veriﬁes, before tripping, that an analogous block signal has not been sent by the protection on the load side. In the example in the ﬁgure, the circuit-breaker C, immediately on the supply side of the fault, sends a block signal to the circuit-breaker A, which is hierarchically higher. If, as in the given example, no protection on the load side is present, the circuit-breaker C shall open in very quick times since it has received no block signal. Everything occurs in shorter times (10 to 15ms) than in the case of zone selectivity with the Emax series air circuit-breaker (40 to 200ms), thus subjecting the plant to lower electrodynamic stresses, and with a consequent cost reduction for the plant.

104

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Energy coordination is a particular type of discrimination that exploits the current-limiting characteristics of moulded-case circuit-breakers. It is important to remember that a current-limiting circuit-breaker is “a circuit-breaker with a break time short enough to prevent the short-circuit current reaching its otherwise attainable peak value” (IEC 60947-2, def. 2.3). In practice, ABB SACE moulded-case circuit-breakers Tmax series, under short-circuit conditions, are extremely rapid (tripping times of about some milliseconds) and therefore it is impossible to use the time-current curves for the coordination studies. The phenomena are mainly dynamic (and therefore proportional to the square of the instantaneous current value) and can be described by using the speciﬁc let-through energy curves. In general, it is necessary to verify that the let-through energy of the circuitbreaker downstream is lower than the energy value needed to complete the opening of the circuit-breaker upstream. This type of discrimination is certainly more difﬁcult to consider than the previous ones because it depends largely on the interaction between the two devices placed in series and demands access to data often unavailable to the end user. Manufacturers provide tables, rules and calculation programs in which the minimum discrimination limits are given between different combinations of circuit- breakers. Advantages: • fast breaking, with tripping times which reduce as the short-circuit current increases; • reduction of the damages caused by the fault (thermal and dynamic stresses), of the disturbances to the power supply system, of the costs...; • the discrimination level is no longer limited by the value of the short-time withstand current Icw which the devices can withstand; • large number of discrimination levels; • possibility of coordination of different current-limiting devices (fuses, circuitbreakers,..) even if they are positioned in intermediate positions along the chain. Disadvantage: • difﬁculty of coordination between circuit-breakers of similar sizes. This type of coordination is used above all for secondary and ﬁnal distribution networks, with rated currents below 1600A. Back-up protection The back-up protection is an “over-current coordination of two over-current protective devices in series where the protective device, generally but not necessarily on the supply side, effects the over-current protection with or without the assistance of the other protective device and prevents any excessive stress on the latter” (IEC 60947-1, def. 2.5.24). Besides, IEC 60364-4-43, 434.5.1 states: “… A lower breaking capacity is admitted if another protective device having the necessary breaking capacity is installed on the supply side. In that case, characteristics of the devices, must be co-ordinated so that the energy let through by these two devices does not exceed that which can be withstood without damage by the device on the load side and the conductors protected by these devices.” ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

105

4.1 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination Advantages: • cost-saving solution; • extremely rapid tripping. Disadvantages: • extremely low discrimination values; • low service quality, since at least two circuit-breakers in series have to trip.

Coordination between circuit-breaker and switch disconnector The switch disconnector The switch disconnectors derive from the corresponding circuit-breakers, of which they keep the overall dimensions, the ﬁxing systems and the possibility of mounting all the accessories provided for the basic versions. They are devices which can make, carry and break currents under normal service conditions of the circuit. They can also be used as general circuit-breakers in sub-switchboards, as busties, or to isolate installation parts, such as lines, busbars or groups of loads. Once the contacts have opened, these switches guarantee isolation thanks to their contacts, which are at the suitable distance to prevent an arc from striking in compliance with the prescriptions of the standards regarding aptitude to isolation. Protection of switch disconnectors Each switch disconnector shall be protected by a coordinated device which safeguards it against overcurrents, usually a circuit-breaker able to limit the short-circuit current and the let-through energy values at levels acceptable for the switch-disconnector. As regards overload protection, the rated current of the circuit-breaker shall be lower than or equal to the size of the disconnector to be protected. Regarding Tmax series switch disconnectors the coordination tables show the circuit-breakers which can protect them against the indicated prospective short-circuit currents values. Regarding Emax series switch disconnectors it is necessary to verify that the short-circuit current value at the installation point is lower than the short-time withstand current Icw of the disconnector, and that the peak value is lower than the making current value (Icm).

106

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

4 Protection coordination 4.2 Discrimination tables The tables below give the selectivity values of short-circuit currents (in kA) between pre-selected combinations of circuit-breakers, for voltages from 230/240 to 415 V, according annex A of IEC 60947-2. The tables cover the possible combinations of ABB SACE Emax air circuit-breakers series, Tmax moulded-case circuit-breakers series and the series of ABB modular circuitbreakers. The values are obtained following particular rules which, if not respected, may give selectivity values which in some cases may be much lower than those given. Some of these guidelines are generally valid and are indicated below; others refer exclusively to particular types of circuit-breakers and will be subject to notes below the relevant table. General rules: • the function l of electronic releases of upstream breakers must be excluded (l3 in OFF); • the magnetic trip of thermomagnetic (TM) or magnetic only (MA-MF) breakers positioned upstream must be ≥ 10·In and set to the maximum threshold; • it is fundamentally important to verify that the settings adopted by the user for the electronic and thermomagnetic releases of breakers positioned either upstream or downstream result in time-current curves properly spaced. Notes for the correct reading of the coordination tables: The limit value of selectivity is obtained considering the lower among the given value, the breaking capacity of the CB on the supply side and the breaking capacity of the CB on the load side. The letter T indicates total selectivity for the given combination, the corresponding value in kA is obtained considering the lower of the downstream and upstream circuit-breakers’ breaking capacities (Icu). The following tables show the breaking capacities at 415Vac for SACE Emax, Isomax and Tmax circuit-breakers. Tmax @ 415V ac Version Icu [kA] B 16 C 25 N 36 S 50 H 70 L (for T2) 85 L (for T4-T5-T7) 120 L (for T6) 100 V (for T7) 150 V 200

Emax @ 415V ac Version B N S H L V

Icu [kA] 42 65* 75** 100 130*** 150****

* For Emax E1 version N Icu=50kA ** For Emax E2 version S Icu=85kA *** For Emax X1 version L Icu=150kA **** For Emax E3 version V Icu=130kA

Keys For MCCB (Moulded-case circuit-breaker) ACB (Air circuit-breaker) TM = thermomagnetic release – TMD (Tmax) – TMA (Tmax) M = magnetic only release – MF (Tmax) – MA (Tmax) EL = elettronic release

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

For MCB (Miniature circuit-breaker): B = charatteristic trip (I3=3...5In) C = charatteristic trip (I3=5...10In) D = charatteristic trip (I3=10...20In) K = charatteristic trip (I3=8...14In) Z = charatteristic trip (I3=2...3In)

107

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

U

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination

Example:

Index of discrimination tables

From the selectivity table on page 138 it can be seen that breakers E2N1250 and T5H400,correctly set, are selective up to 55kA (higher than the short-circuit current at the busbar). From the selectivity table on page 133 it can be seen that, between T5H400 and T1N160 In125, the total sectivity is granted; as aleady speciﬁed on page 107 this means selectivity up to the breaking capacity of T1N and therefore up to 36 kA (higher than the short-circuit current at the busbar).

MCB-MCB (230/240V) ........................................................................................... 110 MCCB (415V)-MCB (240V) ..................................................................................... 112 MCB-MCB (415V) MCB-S2..B ......................................................................................................... 114 MCB-S2..C ......................................................................................................... 114

Time-current curves

t [s] 104

MCB-S2..D ......................................................................................................... 116

Ur = 400V

MCB-S2..K ......................................................................................................... 116 103

MCB-S2..Z ......................................................................................................... 118

E2N 1250 In1250

E2N1250 In1250

102

MCCB-MCB (415V) MCCB-S800 ....................................................................................................... 120

Cable

101

Ik=50kA

MCCB-S2..B ...................................................................................................... 122 MCCB-S2..C ...................................................................................................... 124

T5H400 In400

1

MCCB-S2..D ...................................................................................................... 126

T1N160 In125

T5H400

MCCB-S2..K ...................................................................................................... 128 1SDC008016F0001

10-1

10-2

Cable Ik=22kA

10-1

1

101 22kA

50kA I [kA]

MCCB-S2..Z ....................................................................................................... 130 MCCB-MCCB (415V) MCCB-T1 ........................................................................................................... 132 MCCB-T2 ........................................................................................................... 134 MCCB-T3 ........................................................................................................... 136 MCCB-T4 ........................................................................................................... 136

T1N160 In125

MCCB-T5 ........................................................................................................... 137 MCCB-T6 ........................................................................................................... 137

From the curves it is evident that between breakers E2N1250 and T5H400 time discrimination exists, while between breakers T5H400 and T1N160 there is energy discrimination.

108

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ACB-MCCB (415V) ................................................................................................. 138 MCCB-MCCB (400/415V) ...................................................................................... 139

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

109

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCB - S9 @ 230/240 V Supply s.2

S290

Load s.1 Char.

C Icu [kA]

S931N

S941N

S951N

S971N

1 2

3

C

B, C

B, C

B, C

4.5

6

10

10

D

S800 N-S

S800 N-S

B

C

S800 N-S D

36-50 50 63

In [A]

80

100

15 125

80

100

32

40

50

36-50 63

80

100

125

25

32

40

80

100

125

25

32

40

36-50 50 63

80

100

125

2 4

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

0,433

0,6 0,45

1,3 0,8

4 1,5

T 2,5

T 4

T T

0,43

0,55 0,43

1,2 0,75

3 1,3

T 2,1

T 3,9

T T

T T

1,3 0,8

4,1 1,6

T 3

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

6

T 4

T

T

T

T

0,6

1,2

1,6

2,6

3,8

0,55

1,1

1,5

2,5

3,6

T

0,6

1,3

2

3,2

3,9

T

T

T

10

T

T

T

T

0,5

1,1

1,4

2

3

0,45

1

1,3

1,9

2,8

4,2

0,5

1,2

1,65

2,6

3,1

T

T

T

16

2.5

3.5

3.5

4

T

0,8

1,2

1,7

2,5

0,75

1,1

1,6

2,3

3,6

0,9

1,4

1,8

2,6

T

T

T

20

1.5

2.5

2.5

3

T

1

1,5

2,1

0,9

1,4

1,9

3,3

1,3

1,6

2,2

4,2

T

T

25

0.5

0.5

1.5

2

4

1,3

1,8

1,2

1,6

2,7

1,5

1,9

3,5

T

T

32 40

0.5 0.5

0.5 0.5

0.5 0.5

1.5 1.5

3.5 3.5

1,1

1

T

T T

T T

T T

T T

1,3 0,8

4,1 1,6

2,8 2,7 T T

4,2 4 T T

T T

2 4

2,5 2,1 T T

5

0,433

0,6 0,45

1,3 0,8

4 1,5

T

T

2,5

4

1,7 1,6 T T

0,43

0,55 0,43

1,2 0,75

3 1,3

T

T

2,1

3,9

1,5 1,4 T T

T

T

3

5,4

1,8 1,7 T T

T T

6

4,5

5

T

5,5

T

0,6

1,2

1,6

2,6

3,8

0,55

1,1

1,5

2,5

3,6

5,5

0,6

1,3

2

3,2

3,9

T

T

T

10

4

4,5

5

5

5

0,5

1,1

1,4

2

3

0,45

1

1,3

1,9

2,8

4,2

0,5

1,2

1,65

2,6

3,1

T

T

T

16

2,5

3,5

3,5

4

4,5

0,8

1,2

1,7

2,5

0,75

1,1

1,6

2,3

3,6

0,9

1,4

1,8

2,6

5

T

T

20

1,5

2,5

2,5

3

4,5

1

1,5

2,1

0,9

1,4

1,9

3,3

1,3

1,6

2,2

4,2

5,4

T

25

0,5

0,5

1,5

2

4

1,3

1,8

1,2

1,6

2,7

1,5

1,9

3,5

4,5

T

32 40

0,5 0,5

0,5 0,5

0,5 0,5

1,5 1,5

3,5 3,5

1,1

1

2 4

6 5

8 6

9 7,5

7 6

8 7

1,3 0,8

4,1 1,6

T

T

1,8 1,7 T

3

5,4

7,6

2,8 2,7 T T

4,2 4 T T

5,5 5 T T

6

4,5

5

6

5,5

T

10

4

4,5

5

16

2,5

3,5

20

1,5

25

0,5

32 40

1,3 0,8

4 1,5

9 2,5

T

1,7 1,6 T

4

7,3

6

0,6

1,2

1,6

2,6

5

5

0,5

1,1

1,4

3,5

4

4,5

0,8

2,5

2,5

3

4,5

0,5

1,5

2

4

0,5 0,5

0,5 0,5

0,5 0,5

1,5 1,5

3,5 3,5

2 4

6 5

8 6

9 7,5

7 6

8 7

6

4,5

5

6

5,5

10

4

4,5

5

16

2,5

3,5

20

1,5

25

0,5

32 40

0,433

0,6 0,45

1,2 0,75

3 1,3

6,6 2,1

T

1,5 1,4 T

3,9

6,6

2,5 2,1 T T

3,8

0,55

1,1

1,5

2,5

3,6

5,5

0,6

1,3

2

3,2

3,9

8

T

2

3

0,45

1

1,3

1,9

2,8

4,2

0,5

1,2

1,65

2,6

3,1

6,2

8,6

T

1,2

1,7

2,5

0,75

1,1

1,6

2,3

3,6

0,9

1,4

1,8

2,6

5

6,3

8,8

1

1,5

2,1

0,9

1,4

1,9

3,3

1,3

1,6

2,2

4,2

5,4

7,6

1,3

1,8

1,2

1,6

2,7

1,5

1,9

3,5

4,5

6,6

1,1

1

1,3 0,8

4,1 1,6

T

T

1,8 1,7 T

3

5,4

7,6

2,8 2,7 T T

4,2 4 T T

5,5 5 T T T

1,3 0,8

4 1,5

9 2,5

T

1,7 1,6 T

4

7,3

6

0,6

1,2

1,6

2,6

5

5

0,5

1,1

1,4

3,5

4

4,5

0,8

2,5

2,5

3

4,5

0,5

1,5

2

4

0,5

0,5

0,5

1,5

3,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

1,5

3,5

0,433

0,6 0,45

0,43

0,55 0,43

1,2 0,75

3 1,3

6,6 2,1

T

1,5 1,4 T

3,9

6,6

2,5 2,1 T T

3,8

0,55

1,1

1,5

2,5

3,6

5,5

0,6

1,3

2

3,2

3,9

8

T

2

3

0,45

1

1,3

1,9

2,8

4,2

0,5

1,2

1,65

2,6

3,1

6,2

8,6

T

1,2

1,7

2,5

0,75

1,1

1,6

2,3

3,6

0,9

1,4

1,8

2,6

5

6,3

8,8

1

1,5

2,1

0,9

1,4

1,9

3,3

1,3

1,6

2,2

4,2

5,4

7,6

1,3

1,8

1,2

1,6

2,7

1,5

1,9

3,5

4,5

6,6

1,1

1,7

1

1,5

2,5

1,8

2,8

4,2

5,5

1,4

2,1

1,7

2,7

4

5

1,6

0,43

0,55 0,43

Load side circuit-breaker 1P+N (230/240 V) For networks 230/240 V AC ⇒ two poles circuit-breaker (phase + neutral) For networks 400/415 V AC ⇒ four poles circuit-breaker (load side circuit branched between one phase and the neutral) Only for curve B

110

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

111

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB @ 415 V 4p - S9 @ 240 V

Load s. Carat. Icu [kA]

S931N

Supply s.

T1

T2

T3

Version

B, C, N

N, S, H, L

N, S

Release

TMD

TMD, MA

Iu [A] In [A]

63 T T

80 T T

16 T T

20 T T

32 T T

40 T T

3

3

3

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

T

T

T

T

T

31

T

T

T

T

T

T T

C

≤4 6

T T

T T

10 S941N

25 T T

160 50 T T

B, C

6

B, C

10

20 25 32 40

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

31

3

3

3

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

T

T T

T

31

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

T

T

T

T

T

T T

T T

31

T T1

T T

T

T T

T T

3

3

3

4,5

T

T

T

T

T

3

4,5

5

T

T

T

T

3

5

T

T

T

T

31

5

T

T

T

T

T T

T T

31

3

TMD, MA

10

25

63

T

T T

T T

T T

T

T T

T

T

T T

250 100 1252 125 1602 160 2002 200 2502 250

63

80

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T T

T T

T

T T

T T

T T1

T T

T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

3

3

4,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

3

4,5

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T T

T T

31

T T1

T T

T

T T

T T

T T

T

T T

T T

T T1

T T

T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T

T

T

T

T

T

6

6

6

6

6

6

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

3

3

3

4,5

7,5

8,5

T

T

T

3

4,5

5

7,5

T

T

T

3

3

4,5

7,5

8,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5

8,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

3

4,5

5

7,5

T

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

7,5

T

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

5

6

T

T

T

31

T

3

5

6

T

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

6

T

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

6

T

T

T

T

31

5

6

T

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

6

T

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

6

7,5 7,5

T

T T

T T

31

6 61

7,5 7,5

6

T T

T T

T T

T

T T

T T

6 61

7,5 7,5

6

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T

T T

T T

T T

31

3

T

100 160

T T

T T

T T

T

32 40

S971N

T T

T T

25

16

80

T T

20

10

63

T T

16

≤4 6

50 T T

T T

20

10 10

40 T T

T T

32 40

B, C

25 T T

T T

25

S951N

32 T T

T T

20 T T

T T

16

≤4 6

100 125 1602 16 T T T T T T T T

EL

160 100 1252 125 1602 160

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

6

6

6

6

6

6

12

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

3

3

3

4,5

7,5

8,5

T

T

T

3

4,5

5

7,5

T

T

T

31

3

3

5

6

T

T

T

31

5

6

T

T

6

T T

T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T

3

3

4,5

7,5

8,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5

8,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

3

4,5

5

7,5

T

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

7,5

T

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

5

6

T

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

6

T

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

5

6

T

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

6

T

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

6

7,5

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

6

7,5

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

61

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

61

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Supply side circuit-breaker 4P (load side circuit branched between one phase and the neutral) Load side circuit-breaker 1P+N (230/240) 1 Value valid only for magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker 2 Value valid also with neutral 50%

112

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

113

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCB - S2.. B @ 415 V Supply s.

S290

S800N-S

S800N-S

D

B

C

D

15

36-50

36-50

36-50

Char.

Load s.

B

Icu [kA] 10

15

25

In [A]

-

-

-

≤2 3

80

100

40

50

63

0,4

80

100

125

40

50

63

0,4

S800N-S

80

100

125

25

32

40

50

63

80

100

125

-

-

-

4

S200

S200M

S200P

6

10,5

T

0,5

0,7

1

1,5

2,6

0,5

0,7

1

1,5

2,6

0,5

1

1,2

2

2,8

9,9

21,3

T

S200

S200M

S200P

8

10,5

T

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,8

3,9

7,4

S200

S200M

S200P

10

5

8

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,8

3,9

7,4

S200

S200M

S200P

13

4,5

7

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,5

3,3

5,6

S200

S200M

S200P

16

4,5

7

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,5

3,3

5,6

S200

S200M

S200P

20

3,5

5

0,9

1,3

0,9

1,3

0,8

1,1

1,3

2,3

3

4,7

S200

S200M

S200P

25

3,5

5

0,9

1,3

0,9

1,3

0,8

1,1

1,3

2,3

3

4,7

S200

S200M-S200P

-

32

4,5

0,8

1,1

0,8

1,1

0,9

1,1

1,9

2,4

3,7

S200

S200M-S200P

-

40

0,8

1,1

0,8

1,1

1,1

1,9

2,4

3,7

S200

S200M-S200P

-

50

1

1

1,5

1,9

2,3

S200

S200M-S200P

-

63

0,9

0,9

1,7

2,3

MCB - S2.. C @ 415 V Supply s.

S290

S800N-S

S800N-S

D

B

C

D

15

36-50

Char.

Load s.

114

C

S800N-S

Icu [kA] 10

15

25

In [A]

80

100

32

40

50

36-50 63

80

100

125

32

40

50

36-50 63

80

100

125

25

32

40

50

63

80

100

125

S200 S200

S200M S200M

S200P S200P

≤2 3

T T

T T

0,7

1,3 0,6

T

T

T

T

0,7

T

T

T

T

T

2,6

8,8

0,7

1,1

2,6

8,8

T T

T

1,1

1,3 0,6

T

0,7

T T

0,7

2,2

4,4

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

S200

S200M

S200P

4

T

T

0,6

0,7

1

1,7

3,1

7

0,6

0,7

1

1,7

3,1

7

0,7

1,3

2,2

4,4

7,7

T

T

T

S200

S200M

S200P

6

10,5

T

0,4

0,5

0,7

1

1,5

2,6

0,4

0,5

0,7

1

1,5

2,6

0,5

1

1,2

2

2,8

9,9

22

T

S200

S200M

S200P

8

10,5

T

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,8

3,9

7,4

S200

S200M

S200P

10

5

8

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,8

3,9

7,4

S200

S200M

S200P

13

4,5

7

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,5

3,3

5,6

S200

S200M

S200P

16

4,5

7

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,5

3,3

5,6

S200

S200M

S200P

20

3,5

5

0,9

1,3

0,9

1,3

0,8

1,1

1,3

2,3

3

4,7

S200

S200M

S200P

25

3,5

5

0,9

1,3

0,9

1,3

0,8

1,1

1,3

2,3

3

4,7

S200

S200M-S200P

-

32

4,5

0,8

1,1

0,8

1,1

0,9

1,1

1,9

2,4

3,7

S200

S200M-S200P

-

40

0,8

1,1

0,8

1,1

1,1

1,9

2,4

3,7

S200

S200M-S200P

-

50

1

1

1,5

1,9

2,3

S200

S200M-S200P

-

63

0,9

0,9

1,7

2,3

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

115

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCB - S2.. D @ 415 V Supply s.

S290

S800N-S

S800N-S

D

B

C

D

15

36-50

36-50

36-50

Char. Icu [kA] 10

Load s.

D

15

25

In [A]

80

100

32

40

50

S200 S200

-

S200P S200P

≤2 3

T T

T T

0,5

0,7

2,1

63 T

80 T

100 T

0,5

0,7

1,2

2,5

8,6

S200

-

S200P

4

T

T

0,4

0,7

1

1,7

3

S200

-

S200P

6

10,5

T

0,6

0,8

1,2

2

3,6

S200

-

S200P

8

10,5

T

0,7

0,9

1,3

2

S200

-

S200P

10

5

8

0,9

1,3

2

S200

-

S200P

13

3

5

1

1,5

S200

-

S200P

16

3

5

S200

-

S200P

20

3

5

S200

-

S200P

25

S200

S200P

-

32

S200

S200P

-

40

S200

S200P

-

50

S200

S200P

-

63

125 T

S800N-S

32

40

50

0,5

0,7

2,1

63 T

80 T

100 T

125 T

2,3

T

0,5

0,7

1,2

2,5

7,7

0,4

0,7

1

1,7

0,6

0,8 0,7

32 T

40 T

8,6

T

0,7

1,3

4,4

3

7,7

0,7

1

2,2

1,2

2

3,6

0,6

0,8

1,5

0,9

1,3

2

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,3

2

0,5

1

1,5

1,5

25

63 T

80 T

100 T

125 T

T

T

T

T

T

4,4

7,7

T

T

T

2,5

3,6

12,1

24,2

T

1,1

1,5

2

4

5,5

9,9

0,7

1,1

1,5

2

4

5,5

9,9

0,6

0,9

1,2

1,5

2,6

3,4

5,2

0,9

1,2

1,5

2,6

3,4

5,2

0,9

1,1

1,8

2,2

3,2

1,1

1,8

2,2

3,2

1,7

2

2,9

1,9

2,6

1,5

50 T

4

2,2

MCB - S2.. K @ 415 V Supply s.

S290

S800N-S

S800N-S

D

B

C

D

15

36-50

36-50

36-50

Char. Icu [kA] 10

Load s.

116

K

15

25

In [A]

80

100

32

40

50

S200 S200

-

S200P S200P

≤2 3

T T

T T

0,5

0,7

2,1

63 T

80 T

100 T

0,5

0,7

1,2

2,5

8,6

S200

-

S200P

4

T

T

0,4

0,7

1

1,7

3

S200

-

S200P

6

10,5

T

0,6

0,8

1,2

2

3,6

S200

-

S200P

8

10,5

T

0,7

0,9

1,3

2

S200

-

S200P

10

5

8

0,9

1,3

2

-

-

S200P

13

3

5

1

1,5

S200

-

S200P

16

3

5

S200

-

S200P

20

3

5

S200

-

S200P

25

S200

S200P

-

32

S200

S200P

-

40

S200

S200P

-

50

S200

S200P

-

63

125 T

S800N-S

32

40

50

0,5

0,7

2,1

63 T

80 T

100 T

T

0,5

0,7

1,2

2,5

7,7

0,4

0,7

1

1,7

0,6

0,8 0,7

1,5

125 T

2,3

32 T

40 T

8,6

T

0,7

1,3

4,4

3

7,7

0,7

1

2,2

1,2

2

3,6

0,6

0,8

1,5

0,9

1,3

2

0,5

0,7

0,9

1,3

2

0,5

1

1,5 1,5

4

25

50 T

63 T

80 T

100 T

125 T

T

T

T

T

T

4,4

7,7

T

T

T

2,5

3,6

12,1

24,2

T

1,1

1,5

2

4

5,5

9,9

0,7

1,1

1,5

2

4

5,5

9,9

0,6

0,9

1,2

1,5

2,6

3,4

5,2

0,9

1,2

1,5

2,6

3,4

5,2

0,9

1,1

1,8

2,2

3,2

1,1

1,8

2,2

3,2

1,7

2

2,9

1,9

2,6 2,2

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

117

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCB - S2.. Z @ 415 V Supply s.

S290

S800N-S

S800N-S

D

B

C

D

15

36-50 50 63

80

100

125

T T

T T

T T

T T T

Char. 15

25

In [A]

80

100

32

40

50

36-50 63

80

100

125

32

40

50

36-50 63

80

100

125

25

32

40

S200 S200

-

S200P S200P

≤2 3

T T

T T

0,7

1,3 0,6

T

T

T

T

0,7

T

T

T

T

T

2,6

8,8

0,7

1,1

2,6

8,8

T T

T

1,1

1,3 0,6

T

0,7

T T

0,7

2,2

4,4

T T

S200

-

S200P

4

T

T

0,6

0,7

1

1,7

3,1

7

0,6

0,7

1

1,7

3,1

7

0,7

1,3

2,2

4,4

7,7

T

T

S200

-

S200P

6

10,5

T

0,4

0,5

0,7

1

1,5

2,6

0,4

0,5

0,7

1

1,5

2,6

0,5

1

1,2

2

2,8

9,9

22

T

S200

-

S200P

8

10,5

T

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,8

3,9

7,4

S200

-

S200P

10

5

8

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,7

1

1,4

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,8

3,9

7,4

-

-

S200P

13

4,5

7

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,5

3,3

5,6

S200

-

S200P

16

4,5

7

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,7

0,9

1,3

0,6

0,8

1,1

1,4

2,5

3,3

5,6

S200

-

S200P

20

3,5

5

0,9

1,3

0,9

1,3

0,8

1,1

1,3

2,3

3

4,7

S200

-

S200P

25

3,5

5

0,9

1,3

0,9

1,3

0,8

1,1

1,3

2,3

3

4,7

S200

S200P

-

32

3

4,5

0,8

1,1

0,8

1,1

0,9

1,1

1,9

2,4

3,7

S200

S200P

-

40

3

4,5

0,8

1,1

0,8

1,1

1,1

1,9

2,4

3,7

S200

S200P

-

50

1,5

1,9

2,3

S200

S200P

-

63

1,7

2,3

Icu [kA] 10

Load s.

118

Z

S800N-S

3

1

1

0,9

0,9

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

119

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - S800 @ 415 V

MCCB-S800 @ 415 V

Supply s.

T1

T1 - T3

Version Release Load s. Carat.

Icu [kA]

25

32

40

50

63

80

100

125

160

160

200

250

10

4,5

4,5

4,5

4,5

4,5

4,5

8

10

201

251

T

T

T

T

4,5

7,5

10

15

251

T

T

T

4,5

T

4,5

7,5

10

15

251

T

T

T

T

4,5

7,5

10

15

251

T

T

T

T

6

10

15

201

T

T

T

T

7,5

10

201

T

T

T

T

10

1

20

T

T

T

T

15

T

T

T

T

63

T

T

T

T

80

T

T

T

100

T

16 20

S800N

25 36

D

T3

TM

In [A] 13

B C

T1

B, C, N, S, H, L, V

32 40 50

4,5

4,5

8

10

201

251

361

361

361

T

4,5

4,5

4,5

7,5

10

15

251

361

361

361

T

4,5

4,5

7,5

10

15

251

361

361

361

T

4,5

7,5

10

15

251

361

361

361

T

10

15

201

361

361

361

T

7,5

10

201

361

361

361

T

10

201

361

361

361

T

15

361

361

361

T

63

361

361

361

T

80

361

361

T

100

361

16 20

S800S

B C D K

25 50

32 40 50

4,5

6

B

36-50

C

S800N/S

T

Select the lowest value between what is indicated and the breaking capacity of the supply side circuit-breaker

D

K

1 2 3

120

36-50

T

125 1

Icu [kA]

T 4,5

13

Carat.

T

125 10

Load s.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

36-50

36-50

Supply s. Version Release In [A] 10 13 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 10 13 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 10 13 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 10 13 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125

T4 N, S, H, L, V TM 100 125 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T 7,5 51 7

20 6,5 6,5

25 6,51 51 51 41

32 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5

50 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 51

80 11 11 11 11 11 8 6,5 51

6,5 6,5

6,51 51 51 41 41

6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5

6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 51 41

11 11 11 11 11 8 6,5 51 41 41

T T T T T T T 7,5 6,51 51 41

6,5

6,51 51

6,5

6,5 6,5 6,5 6,51 6,51

11 11 11 11 11 81 6,51

T T T T T T T 7,51

6,51 51 51 41

6,5 5

6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,51 51

11 11 11 11 111 81 6,51 51 41

T T T T T T 1 T 1 7,51 6,51 51

T4 - T5

160 T T T T T T T T T T

T T T T T T T T 7 6,51 51 41 T T T T T T T T 71

T T T T T T T T T 6,5 51 41 T T T T T T T T T 51

T T T T T T T 1 T 1 71 6,51 51

T T T T T T T T 1 T 1 71 6,51 51

EL 200÷250 100÷630 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T 2 T T 2 T 23 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T 2 T 2 6,5 T 23 51 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T 2 T 2 51 T 23 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T 1 T T 1 T 2 T 2 71 T 23 6,51

Value valid only for magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker (for In = 50 A, please consider MA52 circuit-breaker) For T4 In = 100 A, value valid only for magnetic only supply For T4 In = 160 A, value valid only for magnetic only supply

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

121

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - S2.. B @ 415 V Supply s. T2

T1 - T2

Version Carat.

Load s.

1 2 3 4

B

Icu [kA] 10

T1 - T2 - T3

25

In [A]

-

-

-

≤2

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

4

S200

S200M

S200P

6

S200

S200M

S200P

8

S200

S200M

S200P

S200

S200M

S200

T4

TM 16

20

25

32

40

50

63

80

5,51

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

10,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

10,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

10

31

3

3

3

4,5

7,5

8,5

17

T

T

T

T

S200P

13

31

3

3

4,5

7,5

7,5

12

20

T

T

S200M

S200P

16

31

3

4,5

5

7,5

12

20

T

S200

S200M

S200P

20

31

3

5

6

10

15

S200

S200M

S200P

25

31

5

6

10

S200 S200M-S200P

-

32

31

6

S200 S200M-S200P

-

40

S200 S200M-S200P

-

50

S200 S200M-S200P

-

63

-

-

80

-

-

-

100

-

-

-

125

T2

T4

TM

12,5

-

T5

T5

B, C, N, S, H, L, V

Release 15

T3

B, C, N, S, H, L 100 125 160

200 250 20

25

32

50

EL

80 100 125 160 200 250 320÷500 10

25

63

100 160 100, 160 250, 320 320÷630

7,5 7,54 7,5 7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5 7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

54

5

6,5

9

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

54

5

6,5

8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

34

5

6,5

8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

15

T

T

T

5

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5

12

T

T

T

54

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5,51

7,5

12

T

T

T

6,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

52

7,5 10,5

T

T

54

T

T

T

T

T

T

10,5 10,5

T

T

T

52

63

T

T

T4

T4

T

T

T

T

10,5

T

T

T

10,5

5

Value valid only for T2 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T2-T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker

122

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

123

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - S2.. C @ 415 V Supply s.

T2

T1 - T2

Version Carat. Icu [kA] 10

Load s.

1 2 3 4 5

C

T1 - T2 - T3

T3

T4

B, C, N, S, H, L

T5

T2

T4

T5

100 160 100, 160 250, 320 320÷630

B, C, N, S, H, L, V

Release

TM

TM

15

25

In [A]

12,5

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

80

100

125

160

S200

S200M

S200P

≤2

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

S200M

S200P

3

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

S200M

S200P

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

S200M

S200P

6

5,51

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

10,5

T

T

T

S200

S200M

S200P

8

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

10,5

T

T

S200

S200M

S200P

10

31

3

3

3

4,5

7,5

8,5

S200

S200M

S200P

13

31

3

3

4,5

7,5

S200

S200M

S200P

16

31

3

4,5

S200

S200M

S200P

20

31

S200

S200M

S200P

S200 S200M-S200P

200 250

EL

20

25

32

50

80 100 125 160 200 250 320÷500 10

25

63

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5 7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5 7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

17

T

T

T

T

7,5

12

20

T

T

5

7,5

12

20

T

3

5

6

10

15

25

31

5

6

10

-

32

31

6

S200 S200M-S200P

-

40

S200 S200M-S200P

-

50

S200 S200M-S200P

-

63

54

5

6,5

9

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

54

5

6,5

8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

34

5

6,5

8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

15

T

T

T

5

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5

12

T

T

T

54

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5,51

7,5

12

T

T

T

6,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

31

52

7,5

10,5

T

T

54

T

T

T

10,5 10,5

T

T

T

63

10,5

T

T

T T 4

T

52

T T 4

T

T

T

T

10,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

-

S290

-

80

43

10

15

5

11

T

T

4

T T

-

S290

-

100

43

7,53 15

54

8

T

T

4

124

-

S290

-

125

84

12

T

4

7,53

5

Value valid only for T2 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T2-T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 In160 supply side circuit-breaker

124

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

125

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - S2.. D @ 415 V Supply s. T2

T1 - T2

Version Carat.

Load s.

1 2 3 4 5

D

Icu [kA] 10

T1 - T2 - T3

T3

T4

B, C, N, S, H, L

T5

T2

T4

T5

25

63

100 160 100, 160 250, 320 320÷630

B, C, N, S, H, L, V

Release

TM

TM

15

25

In [A]

12,5

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

80

S200

-

S200P

≤2

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

3

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

6

5,51

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5 10,5

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

8

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5 10,5

12

T

S200

-

S200P

10

31

3

3

3

3

5

8,5

S200

-

S200P

13

21

2

2

3

S200

-

S200P

16

21

2

2

S200

-

S200P

20

21

S200

-

S200P

25

S200

S200P

-

S200

S200P

S200

100 125 160

200 250

EL

20

25

32

50

80

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5

7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

17

T

T

T

T

5

9

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

8

13,5

T

T

T

4

5,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

5

8

13,5

T

T

T

4

5,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

2

3

4,5

6,5

11

T

T

T

44

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

21

2,5

4

6

9,5

T

T

T

44

4,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

32

4

6

9,5

T

T

T

4,54

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

-

40

31

5

8

T

T

T

4,54

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200P

-

50

21

32

5

9,5

T

T

T T 4

T

T

9,5

9,5

T

T

T

S200P

-

63

32

53

9,5

T

T

T T 4

T

S200

T T 4

T

T

T

9,5

T

T

-

S290

-

80

43

10

15

5

11

T

T

4

T T

T

T

-

S290

-

100

43

8

T

T

4

125

T

T

-

-

-

125

7,53 15

5

54 54

5

100 125 160 200 250 320÷500 10

5

Value valid only for T2 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T2-T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 In160 supply side circuit-breaker

126

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

127

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - S2.. K @ 415 V Supply s.

T2

T1 - T2

Version Carat. Icu [kA] 10

Load s.

1 2 3 4 5

K

T1 - T2 - T3

T3

T4

B, C, N, S, H, L

T5

T2

T4

T5

100 160 100, 160 250, 320 320÷630

B, C, N, S, H, L, V

Release

TM

TM

15

25

In [A]

12,5

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

80

S200

-

S200P

≤2

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

3

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

6

5,51

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

10,5

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

8

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

10,5

12

T

S200

-

S200P

10

31

3

3

3

3

6

8,5

-

-

S200P

13

21

3

3

5

S200

-

S200P

16

21

3

3

S200

-

S200P

20

21

S200

-

S200P

25

S200

S200P

-

S200

S200P

S200

100 125 160

200 250

EL

20

25

32

50

80 100 125 160 200 250 320÷500 10

25

63

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5 7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5 7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

17

T

T

T

T

54

5

5

9

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5

10

13,5

T

T

T

54

5

5

8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4,5

7,5

10

13,5

T

T

T

54

5

8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

3,5

5,5

6,5

11

T

T

T

5

6

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

21

3,5

5,5

6

9,5

T

T

T

54

64

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

32

4,5

6

9,5

T

T

T

54

64

T T 4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

-

40

31

5

8

T

T

T

5,54

T

4

T T 4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200P

-

50

21

32

6

9,5

T

T

54

T

4

T

4

T T 4

T

T

9,5

9,5

T

T

T

S200

S200P

-

63

32

5,53

9,5

T

T

T

4

T

4

T T 4

T

T

9,5

T

T

-

S290

-

80

43

10

15

5

11

T

T

4

T T

T

T

-

S290

-

100

43

7,53 15

54

8

T

T

4

125

T

T

-

-

-

125

T

4

5

Value valid only for T2 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T2-T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 In160 supply side circuit-breaker

128

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

129

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - S2.. Z @ 415 V Supply s.

T2

T1 - T2

Version Carat. Icu [kA] 10

Load s.

1 2 3 4 5

Z

T1 - T2 - T3

T3

T4

B, C, N, S, H, L

T5

T2

T4

T5

100 160 100, 160 250, 320 320÷630

B, C, N, S, H, L, V

Release

TM

TM

15

25

In [A]

12,5

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

80

S200

-

S200P

≤2

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

3

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

6

5,51

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

10,5

T

T

T

S200

-

S200P

8

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

5,5

10,5

T

T

S200

-

S200P

10

31

3

3

3

4,5

8

8,5

-

-

S200P

13

31

3

3

4,5

7,5

S200

-

S200P

16

31

3

4,5

S200

-

S200P

20

31

S200

-

S200P

S200

S200P

S200

100 125 160

200 250

EL

20

25

32

50

80 100 125 160 200 250 320÷500 10

25

63

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5 7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5 7,54 7,5 7,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

17

T

T

T

T

7,5

12

20

T

T

5

7,5

12

20

T

3

5

6

10

15

25

31

5

6

10

-

32

31

6

S200P

-

40

S200

S200P

-

50

S200

S200P

-

63

-

-

-

80

-

-

-

100

-

-

-

125

54

5

6,5

9

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

54

5

6,5

8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

54

4,5 6,5

8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

6,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

15

T

T

T

5

6,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

7,5

12

T

T

T

54

6,5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5,51

7,5

12

T

T

T

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

41

52

7,5 10,5

T

T

3,54

T

T

T

T

T

10,5 10,5

T

T

T

52

63

T

T

T T 4

T

T

T

T

T

10,5

T

T

T

10,5

5

Value valid only for T2 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T2-T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T3 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for T4 In160 supply side circuit-breaker

130

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

131

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - T1 @ 415 V Supply s. T1 Version

B C N

Release

T1

N

TM 160

T4

T4

T5

T6

T7

N, S, H, L

N, S

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L

S, H, L, V3

TM, M

TM, M

250

250

EL

160 In [A]

B C

T3

TM TM,M

Iu [A] Load s.

T2

160 25

63

100 160 160 200 250

400

TM, M

EL

EL

630

630

800

630

800 1000

800 1000 1250 1600

800 1000 8002 10002 1250 1600

50

80

100 125 160 200 250

100

160

250

320

320

400

500

320

400

630

630

800

630

3

3

3

3

4

5

102

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

20

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

102

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

25

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

102

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

32

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

101

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

40

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

101

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

50

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

101

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

63

3

3

3

3

4

5

101

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

5

10

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

5

101

10

10

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

101

10

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

10

10

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

160

3

EL 630

3

125

2

400

3

100

1

TM 320

16

80

160 160

EL 250

Value valid only for magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for PR232/P, PR331/P and PR332/P trip units Available only with Iu ≤ 1250A

132

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

133

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - T2 @ 415 V Supply s. Version

Release

TM 160

T2

2 3

T4

T5

T6

T7

N, S, H, L

N, S

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L

S, H, L, V3

TM, M

TM, M

250

250

EL 160

160 160 25

EL

TM

250

320

400

EL 630

400

TM, M

EL

EL

630

630

800

630

800

1000

800

1000 1250 1600

8002 10002 1250 1600

63 100 160 160 200 250 20

25

32

50

80 100 125 160 200 250

100

160

250

320

320

400

500

320

400

630

630

800

630

800

1000

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

1

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

3,2

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

1

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4-5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

1

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

6,3

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

15

40

T

T

1

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

8

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

15

40

T

1

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

15

40

T

1

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

12,5

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

16

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

20

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

551 55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

25

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

401 40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

32

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

401 40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

40

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

301 301 30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

50

3

3

3

3

3

4

5

301 301 30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

63

3

3

3

3

4

5

301 301 301 30

30

30

30

30

30

30

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

3

31

4

5

251 251 251 25

25

25

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

4

5

251 251 251 25

25

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

100

1

T4

1,6-2,5

80

EL 160

T3

160 In [A]

N S H L

T2

B C N TM TM,M

Iu [A] Load s.

T1

125

251 251

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

160

251

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

10

3

4

25

3

4

63

3

4

100

3

4

160

3

4

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

25

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

25

Value valid only for magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for PR232/P, PR331/P and PR332/P trip units Available only with Iu ≤ 1250A

134

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

135

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB - T3 @ 415 V Supply s.

T3

T4

T4

T5

T6

T7

N, S

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L

S, H, L, V3

TM, M

TM, M

250

250

Version

Release Iu [A] Load s.

T3

TM

S

TM

1250

1600

125

160

200

250

100

160

250

320

320

400

500

320

400

630

630

800

630

800

1000

8002

10002

1250

1600

63

3

4

5

71

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

25

25

25

25

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

80

31

4

5

71

7

7

7

7

7

25

25

25

25

25

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

41

5

71

71

7

7

7

7

25

25

25

25

25

25

40

T

40

T

T

T

T

T

T

7

7

20

20

20

20

20

20

36

T

36

T

T

T

T

T

T

7

7

20

20

20

20

36

T

36

T

T

T

T

T

T

20

20

20

30

T

30

T

T

T

T

T

T

20

20

20

30

40

30

40

40

T

T

T

T

160 200

400

7

250 1 2 3

Value valid only for magnetic only supply side circuit-breaker Value valid only for PR232/P, PR331/P and PR332/P trip units Available only with Iu ≤ 1250A

630

630

800

630

800

1000

800

1000

MCCB - T5 @ 415 V Supply s. Version Release Load s.

MCCB - T4 @ 415 V

N Supply s.

T5

T6

T7

N, S, H, L, V

N, S, H, L

S, H, L, V

Version

T5 1

S H L V

Release

TM

Iu [A] In [A]

N T4

TM

250

S H L V

630

400

250

TM, M

EL

320 400 500 320 400 630 630 800 630 800 1000 8002 10002 1250 1600

2

20

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

25

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

32

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

80

T

100

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

50

50

50

50

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

50

50

50

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

160

50

50

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

200

50

50

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

50

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

100

50

50

50

50

50

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

160

50

50

50

50

50

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

50

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

50

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

250 320

50

Available only with Iu ≤ 1250A Value valid only for PR232/P, PR331/P and PR332/P trip units

136

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

400 630

EL

400 630

EL 1

250

320 2

EL

630 630 800 630 800 1000 800 1000 1250 1600

125

EL

1

400

TM

T6

T7

N, S, H, L

S, H, L, V1

TM, M Iu [A]

Load s.

EL

250

71

630

EL

200

125

400

TM, M

160

250

320

EL

In [A]

100

N

EL 250

EL

EL

630

800

630

800 1000 800

In [A]

630

800

630

800 1000 8002 10002 1250 1600

320

30

30

30

30

30

T

T

T

T

30

30

T

T

T

T

30

30

T

T

T

T

400

30

500

1000 1250 1600

320

30

30

30

30

30

T

T

T

T

400

30

30

30

30

30

T

T

T

T

30

T

T

T

T

630

Available only with Iu ≤ 1250A Value valid only for PR232/P, PR331/P and PR332/P trip units

MCCB - T6 @ 415 V Supply s.

T7

Version

S, H, L, V1 Release

EL Iu [A]

Load s.

T6

1 2

800 In [A]

N S H L V

TM

EL

1000 1250 1600

8002 10002 1250 1600

630

630

40

40

800

800

40

40

630

630

40

40

40

40

800

800

40

40

40

40

1000

1000

40

40

Available only with Iu ≤ 1250A, maximum selectivity value is: 15kA Value valid only for PR232/P, PR331/P and PR332/P trip units

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

137

4.2 Discrimination tables

4.2 Discrimination tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination ACB - MCCB @ 415 V Supply s. Version Load s.

T2

T3

T4

B

N

B

N

E3 S

L

1

N

S

H

E4 V

L

1

S

H

Supply s.

E6 V

H

V

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

N

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

N

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

55

65

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

L

T

T

T

T

T

T

55

65

T

T

T

75

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

N S

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

T T

N

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

55

65

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

55

65 100

T

T

75

85 100

T

T

100

T

100

V

T

T

T

T

T

T

55

65 100

T

T

75

85 100

T

T

100

T

100

N

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

55

65

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

S H

160

TM,EL 160

TM

H TM,EL

H TM,EL

250

250 320

400 630

T

T

T

T

T

T

55

65 100

T

T

75

85 100

T

T

100

T

100

V

T

T

T

T

T

T

55

65 100

T

T

75

85 100

T

T

100

T

100

N

T

T

15

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

15

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

15

T

T

T

55

65

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

15

T

T

T

55

65

T

T

T

75

85

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

42

15

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

42

15

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

42

15

T

T

T

55

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

42

15

T

T

T

55

65

T

T

T

75

85

T

T

T

T

T

T

630 S TM,EL 800 H 1000 L S H L V

2

EL

800 1000 1250 1600

T4

T5

Version PR223EF1 Iu [A] Load s. T1

T2

1 2

B, C, N

N,S,H,L

T6

L Release

EL EL EL EL EL 800 800 800 800 1600 1000 800 1250 2500 1000 800 800 2000 4000 3200 3200 4000 3200 1000 1000 1000 1000 2000 1250 1000 1600 3200 1250 1000 1000 2500 4000 4000 5000 4000 1250 1250 1250 1250 1600 1250 1600 1250 1250 6300 5000 1600 1600 1600 2000 1600 2000 1600 1600 6300 2000 2500 2000 2000 3200 2500 2500 3200 3200 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

L

T7

L

E2

T

TM

S

T6

N

E1

T

C

L

T5

800 1000 1250 1600

T

B T1

X1 B

Release Iu [A]

MCCB - Tmax T1, T2 @ 400/415 V

TM

TM, EL

160

160

PR223EF

250

320

400

630

In [A]

250

320

320

400

630

630

800 800

16-100

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

125

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

160

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

10-100

752

752

T

T

T

T

T

125

752

752

T

T

T

T

T

160

752

752

T

T

T

T

T

Release in auxiliary power supply and trip delayed parameter set ON Select the lowest value between what is indicated and the breaking capacity of the supply side circuit-breaker

MCCB - Tmax T4, T5, T6 @ 400/415 V Supply s.

T4

T5

Version Release

PR223EF Iu [A]

Load s. T4

L

PR223EF

250 320

T5

T6

L

L

T6

L

PR223EF

PR223EF

400

250

320

In [A]

250

320

320

400

630

630

800

160

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

250

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

320 320 400

630

630

630

630

800

800

400

630

800

T

Table valid for Emax circuit-breaker only with PR121/P, PR122/P and PR123/P releases 1 Emax L circuit-breaker only with PR122/P and PR123/P releases 2 Available only with Iu ≤ 1250A

Table valid for release with auxiliary power supply connected through a shielded twisted-pair wire as shown in the installing instructions 1SDH000538R0002

138

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

139

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination 4.3 Back-up tables

Example: From the coordination table on page 135 the following conclusion is derived: the circuit-breakers type T5H and T1N are coordinated in back-up protection up to a value of 65 kA (higher than the short-circuit current measured at the installation point), although the maximum breaking capacity of T1N, at 415 V, is 36 kA.

The tables shown give the short-circuit current value (in kA) for which the backup protection is veriﬁed for the chosen circuit-breaker combination, at voltages from 240 up to 415 V. These tables cover all the possible combinations between ABB SACE moulded-case circuit-breakers Tmax and those between the above mentioned circuit-breakers and ABB MCBs.

U

Notes for a correct interpretation of the coordination tables: Version Icu [kA] B 16 C 25 N 36 S 50 H 70 L (for T2) 85 L (for T4-T5) 120 L (for T6) 100 V (for T7) 150 V 200

T5H

Emax @ 415V ac Version B N S H L V

Icu [kA] 42 65* 75** 100 130*** 150****

1SDC008017F0001

Tmax @ 415V ac

Ur = 400V

Cable

T1N160

* For Emax E1 version N Icu=50kA ** For Emax E2 version S Icu=85kA *** For Emax X1 version L Icu=150kA **** For Emax E3 version V Icu=130kA

Ik = 60kA

Keys For MCCB (Moulded-case circuit-breaker) ACB (Air circuit-breaker) TM = thermomagnetic release – TMD (Tmax) – TMA (Tmax) M = magnetic only release – MF (Tmax) – MA (Tmax) EL = elettronic release

140

For MCB (Miniature circuit-breaker): B = charateristic trip (I3=3...5In) C = charateristic trip (I3=5...10In) D = charateristic trip (I3=10...20In) K = charateristic trip (I3=8...14In) Z = charateristic trip (I3=2...3In)

MCB - MCB @ 240 V (Two-pole circuit-breakers) Supply s.

S200

S200M

S200P

S280

S290

S800

B-C

B-C

B-C

B-C

C

B-C

20

25

40

25

20

25

100

In [A]

0,5..63

0,5..63

0,5..25

32..63

80, 100

80..125

10..125

Char. Icu [kA]

Load s.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

S931N

C

4.5

2..40

20

25

40

25

15

15

100

S941N

B,C

6

2..40

20

25

40

25

15

15

100

S951N

B,C

10

2..40

20

25

40

25

15

15

100

S971N

B,C

10

2..40

20

25

40

25

15

15

100

S200

B,C,K,Z

20

0,5..63

25

40

25

S200M

B,C

25

0,5..63

S200P

B,C, D,K,Z

40

0,5..25

100

25

32..63

100

S280

B,C

20

80, 100

S290

C,D

25

80..125

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

40

100 100

141

4.3 Back-up tables

4.3 Back-up tables

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination MCCB @ 415 V - MCB @ 240 V Supply s.1

T1

T1

Version Icu [kA]

B 16

C 25

T1

T2

T3

T2

N 36

T3 S 50

T2

T2

Supply s.

T1

T1

T2

T4

H 70

L 85

Version

B

C

N

S

H

L

L

V

36

50

70

85

120

200

Load s.

Carat.

In [A]

S931 N

C

2..25 32, 40

4.5

16 10

16 10

16 10

20 16

10

20 16

10

20 16

S941 N

B,C

2..25 32, 40

6

16 10

16 10

16 10

20 16

10

20 16

10

B,C

2..25 32, 40

16

25 16

16

25 16

16

S951 N S971 N 1

MCCB - MCB @ 415 V

B,C

10

2..25

10

32, 40

16 16

16 16

16

25

16

16

25

16

16

T3

T4

T2

T3

T4

T2

T4

In [A]

Icu [kA]

16

25

20 16

S200

B,C,K,Z

0,5..10 13..63

10

16

25

30

36

36 16

36

36

40 16

40

40

40

40

40

40

20 16

20 16

S200M

B,C

0,5..10 13..63

15

16

25

30

36

36 25

36

50

40 25

40

70 60

40

85 60

40

40

25 16

25 16

36

36

36

50

40

40

70

40

85

40

40

30

36

30

36

50

30

40

60

40

60

40

40

25

25

B,C, D,K,Z

30

S200P

16

16

0,5..10 13..25

25

32..63

15

16

25

30

36

25

36

50

25

40

60

40

60

40

40 30

S280

B,C

80, 100

6

16

16

16

36

16

30

36

16

30

36

30

36

30

S290

C,D

80..125

15

16

25

30

36

30

30

50

30

30

70

30

85

30

30

S800N

B,C,D

36

25..125

70

70

85

120

200

S800S

B,C,D,K

50

25..125

70

70

85

120

200

MCCB - MCCB @ 415 V

Supply s. Char. Icu [kA] In [A] B,C,K,Z

10

0,5..63

S200M

B,C

15

0,5..63

S200P

B,C, D,K,Z

25 15

0,5..25 32..63

S280

B,C

6

80, 100

S290

C,D

15

80..125

S800N

B,C,D

36

25..125

S800S

B,C,D,K

50

25..125

S200

S200M

S200P

S280

S290

B-C

B-C

B-C

B-C

C

10

15

25

15

6

15

36

50

0,5..63

0,5..63

0,5..25

32..63

80, 100

80..125

25..125

25..125

15

25

15

15

36

50

36

50

36 36

50 50

25

S800N

Supply s. T1 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T2 T4 T5 T6 T7 T2 T4 T5 T6 T7 T4 T5

S800S

B-C-D B-C-D-K

Load Carat. s. T1 B T1

Version

C

N

S

H

L

L

L

V

Icu [kA]

25

36

50

70

85

120

1001

200

16

C

25

25 36 36 36 30 30 30 50 50 36 36 36

T1

85 50 50 50

50 50 50 50 50 50 70 65 65 65 65 85 100100 85 85 200120 50 50 50 50 50

65 65 65 50

100100 100 50 200120

50 50 50 50

65 65 65 50

100100 65 65 200120

T5

50 50 50

65 65 50

100 85 65

T6

50 40

65 40

70 50

T4

N

36

T2 T4

S

50

70 70 70

100100 100

70 70 70 70

100100 85 85 200150

T5

70 70 70

T6

70

T4 T5

100 85 85

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

150

85 120120 85 85 200150 H

70

120120 100100 200180 120 100100

180

100 85

T2 T5

200150

85 85

T6 T4

120

70 70 70 70 85 100100 85 85 200130

T2

1

85 65

50 50 50 50 50 50 70 65 65 65 50 85 100100 70 50 200120

T2 T3

70 40 40 40

36 36 36 36 36 36 50 50 40 40 50 50 70 65 65 65 50 85 85 85 70 50 130100

T3

142

T4

Carat.

MCB - MCB @ 415 V

S200

T2

Load s.

Supply side circuit-breaker 4P (load side circuit branched between one phase and the neutral)

Load s.

T1

85 L

120

120120

200180 200200 200

120 kA per T7

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

143

4.4 Coordination tables between circuit-breakers and switch disconnectors

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination 4.4 Coordination tables between circuitbreakers and switch disconnectors

Notes for the correct reading of the coordination tables: Tmax @ 415V ac Version Icu [kA] B 16 C 25 N 36 S 50 H 70 L (for T2) 85 L (for T4-T5) 120 L (for T6) 100 V (for T7) 150 V 200

The tables shown give the values of the short-circuit current (in kA) for which back-up protection is veriﬁed by the pre-selected combination of circuit-breaker and switch disconnector, for voltages between 380 and 415 V. The tables cover the possible combinations of moulded-case circuit-breakers in the ABB SACE Tmax series, with the switch disconnectors detailed above.

T1B T1C T1N T2N T2S T2H T2L T3N T3S T4N T4S T4H T4L T4V T5N T5S T5H T5L T5V T6N T6S T6H T6L T7S T7H T7L T7V

SWITCH DISCONNECTOR T1D 160

T3D 250

T4D 320

T5D 400

T5D 630

T6D 630

T6D 800

T6D 1000

T7D 1000

T7D 1250

T7D 1600

16 25 36 36 50 70 85 36 50 36* 50* 70* 120* 200*

36 50 70 120 200 36 50 70 120 200 36 50 65 100 50 70 120 150

1SDC008037F0201

415 V

* for T4 250 or T4 320 only with I1 setting at 250 A.

144

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

145

4.4 Coordination tables between circuit-breakers and switch disconnectors

4.4 Coordination tables between circuit-breakers and switch disconnectors

4 Protection coordination

4 Protection coordination

Example: From the coordination table on page 144-145 it can be seen that circuit-breaker T2S160 is able to protect the switch disconnector T1D160 up to a short-circuit current of 50 kA (higher than the short-circuit current at the installation point). Overload protection is also veriﬁed, as the rated current of the breaker is not higher than the size of the disconnector.

Example: For the correct selection of the components, the disconnector must be protected from overloads by a device with a rated current not greater than the size of the disconnector, while in short-circuit conditions it must be veriﬁed that: Icw ≥ Ik Icm ≥ Ip. Therefore, with regard to the electrical parameters of the single devices, Emax E2N1250/MS disconnector is selected, and a E2N1250 breaker. That is: Icw(E2N /MS) = 55 kA > 45 kA Icm (E2N /MS) = 143 kA > 100 kA.

T2S160

E2N1250

Cable

Cable

T1D 160

E2N1250 /MS

Ik =45 kA Ip =100 kA

Ik = 40kA

146

Ur = 400V

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1SDC008019F0001

U

Ur = 400V

1SDC008018F0001

U

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

147

5.1 Direct current networks

5 Special applications 5.1 Direct current networks

Main applications of direct current: • Emergency supply or auxiliary services: the use of direct current is due to the need to employ a back-up energy source which allows the supply of essential services such as protection services, emergency lighting, alarm systems, hospital and industrial services, dataprocessing centres etc., using accumulator batteries, for example. • Electrical traction: the advantages offered by the use of dc motors in terms of regulation and of single supply lines lead to the widespread use of direct current for railways, underground railways, trams, lifts and public transport in general. • Particular industrial installations: there are some electrolytic process plants and applications which have a particular need for the use of electrical machinery. Typical uses of circuit-breakers include the protection of cables, devices and the operation of motors.

Considerations for the interruption of direct current Direct current presents larger problems than alternating current does in terms of the phenomena associated with the interruption of high currents. Alternating currents have a natural passage to zero of the current every half-cycle, which corresponds to a spontaneous extinguishing of the arc which is formed when the circuit is opened. This characteristic does not exist in direct currents, and furthermore, in order to extinguish the arc, it is necessary that the current lowers to zero. The extinguishing time of a direct current, all other conditions being equal, is proportional to the time constant of the circuit T = L/R. It is necessary that the interruption takes place gradually, without a sudden switching off of the current which could cause large over-voltages. This can be carried out by extending and cooling the arc so as to insert an ever higher resistance into the circuit. The energetic characteristics which develop in the circuit depend upon the voltage level of the plant and result in the installation of breakers according to connection diagrams in which the poles of the breaker are positioned in series to increase their performance under short-circuit conditions. The breaking capacity of the switching device becomes higher as the number of contacts which open the circuit increases and, therefore, when the arc voltage applied is larger. This also means that when the supply voltage of the installation rises, so must the number of current switches and therefore the poles in series.

5 Special applications Calculation of the short-circuit current of an accumulator battery The short-circuit current at the terminals of an accumulator battery may be supplied by the battery manufacturer, or may be calculated using the following formula:

Ik =

UMax Ri

where: • UMax is the maximum ﬂashover voltage (no-load voltage); • Ri is the internal resistance of the elements forming the battery. The internal resistance is usually supplied by the manufacturer, but may be calculated from the discharge characteristics obtained through a test such as detailed by IEC 60896 – 1 or IEC 60896 – 2. For example, a battery of 12.84 V and internal resistance of 0.005 Ω gives a short-circuit current at the terminals of 2568 A. Under short-circuit conditions the current increases very rapidly in the initial moments, reaches a peak and then decreases with the discharge voltage of the battery. Naturally, this high value of the fault current causes intense heating inside the battery, due to the internal resistance, and may lead to explosion. Therefore it is very important to prevent and / or minimize short-circuit currents in direct currents systems supplied by accumulator batteries.

Criteria for the selection of circuit-breakers For the correct selection of a circuit-breaker for the protection of a direct current network, the following factors must be considered: 1. the load current, according to which the size of the breaker and the setting for the thermo-magnetic over-current release can be determined; 2. the rated plant voltage, according to which the number of poles to be connected in series is determined, thus the breaking capacity of the device can also be increased; 3. the prospective short-circuit current at the point of installation of the breaker inﬂuencing the choice of the breaker; 4. the type of network, more speciﬁcally the type of earthing connection. Note: in case of using of four pole circuit-breakers, the neutral must be at 100%

Direct current network types Direct current networks may be carried out: • with both polarities insulated from earth; • with one polarity connected to earth; • with median point connected to earth.

148

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

149

5.1 Direct current networks

5.1 Direct current networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

Network with both polarities insulated from earth

Diagram B

b

U

R

c

1SDC008020F0001

a

Load

1SDC008022F0001

Three-pole breaker with two poles in series for one polarity and one pole for the other polarity (1) + -

Diagram G Four-pole breaker with two poles in parallel per polarity -

Load

1SDC008023F0001

+

• Fault a: the fault, with negligible impedance, between the two polarities sets up a short-circuit current to which both polarities contribute to the full voltage, according to which the breaking capacity of the breaker must be selected. • Fault b: the fault between the polarity and earth has no consequences from the point of view of the function of the installation. • Fault c: again, this fault between the polarity and earth has no consequences from the point of view of the function of the installation. In insulated networks it is necessary to install a device capable of signalling the presence of the ﬁrst earth fault in order to eliminate it. In the worst conditions, when a second earth fault is veriﬁed, the breaker may have to interrupt the short-circuit current with the full voltage applied to a single polarity and therefore with a breaking capacity which may not be sufﬁcient. In networks with both polarities insulated from earth it is appropriate to divide the number of poles of the breaker necessary for interruption on each polarity (positive and negative) in such a way as to obtain separation of the circuit.

Diagram E Four-pole breaker with three poles in series on one polarity and one pole on the remaining polarity (1) +

The diagrams to be used are as follows:

-

Three-pole breaker with one pole per polarity

-

Load 150

Load

1SDC008021F0001

+

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1SDC008024F0001

Diagram A

(1) It is not advisable to divide the poles of the breaker unequally as, in this type of network, a second earth fault may lead to the single pole working under fault conditions at full voltage. In these circumstances, it is essential to install a device capable of signalling the earth fault or the loss of insulation of one polarity.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

151

5.1 Direct current networks

5.1 Direct current networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

Diagram F

Diagrams to be used with circuit isolation are as follows:

Four-pole breaker with two poles in series per polarity

Diagram A

+

-

Three-pole breaker with one pole per polarity

Load

Three-pole breaker with two poles in series on the polarity not connected to earth, and one pole on the remaining polarity +

c

-

• Fault a: the fault between the two polarities sets up a short-circuit current to which both polarities contribute to the full voltage U, according to which the breaking capacity of the breaker is selected. • Fault b: the fault on the polarity not connected to earth sets up a current which involves the over-current protection according to the resistance of the ground. • Fault c: the fault between the polarity connected to earth and earth has no consequences from the point of view of the function of the installation. In a network with one polarity connected to earth, all the poles of the breaker necessary for protection must be connected in series on the non-earthed polarity. If isolation is required, it is necessary to provide another breaker pole on the earthed polarity.

Load

Diagram G Four-pole breaker with two poles in parallel per polarity +

-

Load

152

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1SDC008029F0001

R

1SDC008028F0001

b 1SDC008026F0001

a

Load Diagram B

Network with one polarity connected to earth

U

-

1SDC008027F0001

1SDC008025F0001

+

153

5.1 Direct current networks

5.1 Direct current networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

Diagram E

Diagram D

Four-pole breaker with three poles in series on the polarity not connected to earth, and one pole on the remaining polarity

Four-pole breaker with four poles in series on the polarity not connected to earth +

-

Load

1SDC008033F0001

-

1SDC008030F0001

+

Load Network with the median point connected to earth

Diagrams to be used without circuit isolation are as follows: U

Three-pole breaker with three poles in series

+

R

c

-

Four-pole breaker with series of two poles in parallel

Diagrams to be used are as follows:

1SDC008031F0001

Diagram H

• Fault a: the fault between the two polarities sets up a short-circuit current to which both polarities contribute to the full voltage U, according to which the breaking capacity of the breaker is selected. • Fault b: the fault between the polarity and earth sets up a short-circuit current less than that of a fault between the two polarities, as it is supplied by a voltage equal to 0.5 U. • Fault c: the fault in this case is analogous to the previous case, but concerns the negative polarity. With network with the median point connected to earth the breaker must be inserted on both polarities.

+

Diagram A

-

Three-pole breaker with one pole per polarity

Load

1SDC008032F0001

+

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Load

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

-

1SDC008035F0001

Load

154

b 1SDC008034F0001

a

Diagram C

155

5.1 Direct current networks

5.1 Direct current networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

Diagram G

Example:

Four-pole breaker with two poles in parallel per polarity

Using a Tmax T6N800 In800 circuit-breaker with three poles in parallel, a coefﬁcient equal to 0.8 must be applied, therefore the maximum carrying current will be 0.8·3·800 = 1920 A.

+

-

Behaviour of thermal releases 1SDC008036F0001

As the functioning of these releases is based on thermal phenomena arising from the ﬂowing of current, they can therefore be used with direct current, their trip characteristics remaining unaltered.

Load

Behaviour of magnetic releases The values of the trip thresholds of ac magnetic releases, used for direct current, must be multiplied by the following coefﬁcient (km), according to the breaker and the connection diagram: Table 2: km coefﬁcient

Diagram F Four-pole breaker with two poles in series per polarity -

1SDC008037F0001

+

Load

Use of switching devices in direct current Parallel connection of breaker poles According to the number of poles connected in parallel, the coefﬁcients detailed in the following table must be applied: Table 1: Correction factor for poles connected in parallel number of poles in parallel reduction factor of dc carrying capacity breaker current carrying capacity

2 0.9 1.8xIn

3 0.8 2.4xIn

Circuit-breaker T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

diagram A 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

diagram B 1 1.15 1.15 1.15 1 1

diagram C 1 1.15 1.15 1.15 1 1

diagram D 1 0.9 0.9

diagram E 1 0.9 0.9

diagram F 1 0.9 0.9

diagram G 1.1

diagram H 1

Example Data: • Direct current network connected to earth; • Rated voltage Ur = 250 V; • Short-circuit current Ik = 32 kA • Load current Ib = 230 A Using Table 3, it is possible to select the Tmax T3N250 In = 250 A three pole breaker, using the connection shown in diagram B (two poles in series for the polarity not connected to earth and one poles in series for the polarity connected to earth). From Table 2 corresponding to diagram B, and with breaker Tmax T3, it risults km=1.15; therefore the nominal magnetic trip will occur at 2875 A (taking into account the tolerance, the trip will occur between 2300 A and 3450 A).

4 (neutral 100%) 0.7 2.8xIn

The connections which are external from the breaker terminals must be carried out by the user in such a way as to ensure that the connection is perfectly balanced.

156

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157

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.1 Direct current networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications The following table summarizes the breaking capacity of the various circuitbreakers available for direct current. The number of poles to be connected in series to guarantee the breaking capacity is given in brackets. Table 3: Breaking capacity in direct current according to the voltage

Rated Circuit-breaker T1B160 T1C160 T1N160 T2N160 T2S160 T2H160 T2L160 T3N250 T3S250 T4N250/320 T4S250/320 T4H250/320 T4L250/320 T4V250/320 T5N400/630 T5S400/630 T5H400/630 T5L400/630 T5V400/630 T6N630/800 T6S630/800 T6H630/800 T6L630/800 1 Minimum

158

current [A] 16 ÷ 160 25 ÷ 160 32 ÷ 160 1.6 ÷ 160 1.6 ÷ 160 1.6 ÷ 160 1.6 ÷ 160 63 ÷ 250 63 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 320 ÷ 500 320 ÷ 500 320 ÷ 500 320 ÷ 500 320 ÷ 500 630-800 630-800 630-800 630-800

250 [V] 20 (3P) - 16 (2P) 30 (3P) - 25 (2P) 40 (3P) - 36 (2P) 40 (3P) - 36 (2P) 55 (3P) - 50 (2P) 85 (3P) - 70 (2P) 100 (3P) - 85 (2P) 40 (3P) - 36 (2P) 55 (3P) - 50 (2P) 36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P) 100 (2P) 36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P) 100 (2P) 36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P)

500 [V] 16 (3P) 25 (3P) 36 (3P) 36 (3P) 50 (3P) 70 (3P) 85 (3P) 36 (3P) 50 (3P) 25 (2P) 36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P) 25 (2P) 36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P) 20 (2P) 35 (2P) 50 (2P) 65 (2P)

Standard production breakers can be used with alternating currents with frequencies other than 50/60 Hz (the frequencies to which the rated performance of the device refer, with alternating current) as appropriate derating coefﬁcients are applied. 5.2.1 400 Hz networks

Breaking capacity [kA] ≤ 125 [V]1 16 (1P) 25 (1P) 36 (1P) 36 (1P) 50 (1P) 70 (1P) 85 (1P) 36 (1P) 50 (1P) 36 (1P) 50 (1P) 70 (1P) 100 (1P) 100 (1P) 36 (1P) 50 (1P) 70 (1P) 100 (1P) 100 (1P) 36 (1P) 50 (1P) 70 (1P) 100 (1P)

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies: 400 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz

750 [V]

16 (3P) 25 (3P) 36 (3P) 50 (3P) 70 (3P) 16 (3P) 25 (3P) 36 (3P) 50 (3P) 70 (3P) 16 (3P) 20 (3P) 36 (3P) 50 (3P)

At high frequencies, performance is reclassiﬁed to take into account phenomena such as: • the increase in the skin effect and the increase in the inductive reactance directly proportional to the frequency causes overheating of the conductors or the copper components in the breaker which normally carry current; • the lengthening of the hysteresis loop and the reduction of the magnetic saturation value with the consequent variation of the forces associated with the magnetic ﬁeld at a given current value. In general these phenomena have consequences on the behaviour of both thermo-magnetic releases and the current interrupting parts of the circuitbreaker. The following tables refer to circuit-breakers with thermomagnetic releases, with a breaking capacity lower than 36 kA. This value is usually more than sufﬁcient for the protection of installations where such a frequency is used, normally characterized by rather low short-circuit currents. As can be seen from the data shown, the tripping threshold of the thermal element (ln) decreases as the frequency increases because of the reduced conductivity of the materials and the increase of the associated thermal phenomena; in general, the derating of this performance is generally equal to 10%. Vice versa, the magnetic threshold (l3) increases with the increase in frequency.

allowed voltage 24 Vdc.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

159

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5 Special applications

5 Special applications Table 1: Tmax performance T1 16-63 A TMD I1 (400Hz)

T1B 160 T1C 160 T1N 160

MIN 10 12 16 20 25 31 39

In16 In20 In25 In32 In40 In50 In63

MED 12 15 19 24.5 30.5 38 48

Table 2: Tmax performance T1 80 A TMD I3

MAX 14 18 22 29 36 45 57

I3 (50Hz) 500 500 500 500 500 500 630

I1 (400Hz)

Km 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

I3 (400H z) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1260

T1B 160 T1C 160 T1N 160

In80

I3

MIN

MED

MAX

I3 (50Hz)

Km

I3 (400H z)

50

61

72

800

2

1600

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

T1 B/C/N 160

T1 B/C/N 160

1000

In 16 to 63 A TMD

1000

In 80 A TMD 100

100

t [s]

t [s]

10

10

1

1

In=16 I3=1000 A In=20 I3=1000 A In=25 I3=1000 A

0.1

0.1 In=80 I3=1600 A

In=32 I3=1000 A In=40 I3=1000 A In=50-63 I3=1000 A

0.01

0.01 0.1

160

1

10

100

1000 I1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

0.1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1

10

100 I1

161

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

Table 3: Tmax performance T2 1.6-80 A TMD

Table 4: Tmax performance T2 16-160 A TMG

I1 (400Hz)

T2N 160

MIN 1 1.2 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6.3 7.8 10 12 16 20 25 31 39 50

In1.6 In2 In2.5 In3.2 In4 In5 In6.3 In8 In10 In12.5 In16 In20 In25 In32 In40 In50 In63 In80

Trip curves thermomagnetic release T2N 160 1000

MED 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.5 3 3.8 4.8 6.1 7.6 9.5 12 15 19 24.5 30.5 38 48 61

I1 (400Hz)

I3

MAX 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.5 5.7 7.2 9 11.2 14 18 22 29 36 45 57 72

I3 (50Hz) 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 500 500 500 500 500 500 630 800

Km

I3 (400Hz) 27.2 34 42.5 54.4 68 85 107.1 136 170 212.5 850 850 850 850 850 850 1071 1360

1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

I3

MIN

MED

MAX

I3 (50H z)

Km

In16

10

12

14

160

1,7

272

In25 In40 In63

16 25 39

19 30,5 48

22 36 57

160 200 200

1,7 1,7 1,7

272 340 340

In80 In100 In125

50 63 79

61 76,5 96

72 90 113

240 300 375

1,7 1,7 1,7

408 510 637,5

In160

100

122

144

480

1,7

816

T2N 160

I3 (400H z)

Trip curves thermomagnetic release T2N 160

10000

In 16 to 160 A TMG

In 1.6 to 80 A TMD

1000

100 t [s]

t [s] 100

10

10

1 1 In=16 I3=850 A

0.1

In=20 I3=850 A

In=16 I3=272 A

In=25 I3=850 A

In=25 I3=272 A

In=32 I3=850 A

In=40 I3=340 A

0.1

In=40 I3=850 A

In=63 I3=340 A In=80÷160 I3=5.1xIn

In=1.6 to 12.5 I3=17xIn In=50 to 80 I3=17xIn

0.01

0.01 0.1

162

1

10

100

1000 I1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

0.1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1

10

100 I1

163

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5 Special applications

5 Special applications Table 5: Tmax performance T3 63-250 A TMG I1 (400Hz)

T3N 250

MIN 39 50 63 79 100 126 157

In63 In80 In100 In125 In160 In200 In250

MED 48 61 76.5 96 122 153 191

Table 6: Tmax performance T3 63-125 A TMD

I3 (Low magnetic setting)

MAX 57 72 90 113 144 180 225

I3 (50Hz) 400 400 400 400 480 600 750

Km 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

I3 (400Hz) 680 680 680 680 816 1020 1275

I1 (400Hz)

T3N 250

MIN 39 50 63 79

In63 In80 In100 In125

MED 48 61 76.5 96

I3

MAX 57 72 90 113

I3 (50Hz) 630 800 1000 1250

Km 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

I3 (400H z) 1071 1360 1700 2125

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

T3N 250

T3N 250

1000

In 63 to 250 A TMG

1000

In 63 to 125 A TMD

100

100

t [s]

t [s]

10

10

1

1

In=63 I3=680 A

0.1

0.1

In=80 I3=680 A

In=100 I3=680 A

In=63 to 125 I3=17xIn

In=125 I3=680 A In=160,200,250 I3=5.1xIn

0.01

0.01 0.1

164

1

10

100

1000 I1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

0.1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1

10

100

1000 I1

165

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5 Special applications

5 Special applications Table 7: Tmax performance T4 20-50 A TMD I1 (400Hz)

T4N 250

MIN 12 20 31

In20 In32 In50

MED 15 24.5 38

Table 8: Tmax performance T4N 80-250 A TMA I3

MAX 18 29 45

I3 (50Hz) 320 320 500

I1 (400Hz)

Km

I3 (400Hz) 544 544 850

1.7 1.7 1.7

T4N 250 /320

MIN 50 63 79 100 126 157

In80 In100 In125 In160 In200 In250

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

MED 61 76.5 96 122 153 191

I3 setting (MIN=5xIn)

MAX 72 90 113 144 180 225

I3 @ 5xIn (50Hz) 400 500 625 800 1000 1250

K m I3 @ 5xIn (400Hz) 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

680 850 1060 1360 1700 2125

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

T4N 250

T4N 250/320

10000

In 20 to 50 A TMD

10000

In 80 to 250 A TMA 1000

1000

t [s]

t [s]

100

100

10

10

1

1

In=20 I3=544 A

0.1

In=80 to 320 I3=8.5xIn

In=32;50 I3=17xIn

0.1

0.01 0.1

166

1

0.01

10

100

1000 I1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

0.1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1

10

100 I1

167

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5 Special applications

5 Special applications Table 9: Tmax performance T5N 320-500 A TMA I1 (400Hz)

T5N400/630

MIN 201 252 315

In320 In400 In500

MED 244 306 382

Table 10: Tmax performance T5N 320-500 A TMG

I3 setting (MIN=5xIn)

MAX 288 360 450

Km

I3 @ 5xIn(50Hz) 1600 2000 2500

1.5 1.5 1.5

I3 @ 5xIn (400)Hz 2400 3000 3750

I1 (400Hz)

T5N 400/630

MIN 201 252 315

In320 In400 In500

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

MED 244 306 382

I3 setting (2.5…5xIn)

MAX 288 360 450

K m I3 @ 2.5..5xIn (400Hz) 1.5 1.5 1.5

1200...2400 1500...3000 1875...3750

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

T5 N 400/630

T5N 400/630

10000

In 320 to 500 A TMA

10000

In 320 to 500 A TMG 1000

1000

t [s]

t [s] 100

100

10

10

1

1

0.1

0.1 In=320 to In500 I3=7.5xIn

In=320 to 500 I3=3.75..7.5xIn

0.01 0.1

168

I3 @ 2.5..5xIn (50Hz) 800...1600 1000...2000 1250...2500

1

10

100 I1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

0.01 0.1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1

10

100 I1

169

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5 Special applications

5 Special applications Table 11: Tmax performance T6N 630 A TMA

Table 12: Tmax performance T6N 800 A TMA

I1 (400Hz)

T6N630

MIN 397

In630

MED 482

I1 (400Hz)

I3 = 5÷10In (set I3=5In)

MAX 567

I3 (50Hz) 3150

Km 1.5

I3 (400Hz) 4725

T6N 800

MIN 504

In800

MED 602

I3 = 5-10In (set I3=5In)

MAX 720

Km

I3 (50Hz) 4000

1.5

I3 (400Hz) 6000

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

Km = Multiplier factor of I3 due to the induced magnetic ﬁelds

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

Trip curves thermomagnetic release

T6N 630

T6N 800

104

In 630 A TMA

10000

In 800 A TMA 1000

103

t [s]

t [s] 100

102

10

101

1

1 In=800 I3=7.5xIn

0.1

In=630 I3=7.5xIn

10-1

0.01 0.1

10-2

170

10-1

1 1,05

101

1

10

100 I1

102

I1

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171

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

5.2.2 16 2/3 Hz networks

Table 2: km factor

Single phase distribution with a frequency of 16 2/3 Hz was developed for electrical traction systems as an alternative to three phase 50 Hz systems, and to direct current systems. At low frequencies the thermal tripping threshold is not subject to any derating, while the magnetic threshold requires a correction coefﬁcient km, as detailed in table 2. The Tmax series thermomagnetic moulded-case circuit-breakers are suitable for use with frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz; the electrical performance and the relevant connection diagrams are shown below.

Diagram A

Diagram B-C

Diagram D-E-F

1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

Table 3: Possible connections according to the voltage, the type of distribution and the type of fault Neutral not grounded

Table 1: Breaking capacity [kA]

(1) (2)

[A]

16 ÷160 25 ÷ 160 32 ÷ 160 1.6 ÷ 160 1.6 ÷ 160 1.6 ÷ 160 1.6 ÷ 160 63 ÷ 250 63 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 20 ÷ 250 32 ÷ 250 320 ÷ 500 320 ÷ 500 320 ÷ 500 320 ÷ 500 320 ÷ 500 400 ÷ 500 630 ÷ 800 630 ÷ 800 630 ÷ 800 630 ÷ 800

250 V 16 (2P) 20 (3P) 25 (2P) 30 (3P) 36 (2P) 40 (3P) 36 (2P) 40 (3P) 50 (2P) 55 (3P) 70 (2P) 85 (3P) 85 (2P) 100 (3P) 36 (2P) 40 (3P) 50 (2P) 55 (3P) 36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P) 150 (2P)

Breaking capacity [kA] 500 V 750 V 16 (3P) 25 (3P) 36 (3P) 36 (3P) 50 (3P) 70 (3P) 85 (3P) 50 (4P) (2) 36 (3P) 50 (3P) 25 (2P) 16 (3P) 36 (2P) 25 (3P) 50 (2P) 36 (3P) 70 (2P) 50 (3P) 100 (2P) 70 (3P)

36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P) 150 (2P)

25 (2P) 36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P)

16 (3P) 25 (3P) 36 (3P) 50 (3P) 70 (3P)

36 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P) 100 (2P)

20 (2P) 35 (2P) 50 (2P) 70 (2P)

16 (3P) 20 (3P) 36 (3P) 50 (3P)

1000 V (1) 40 (4P) 40 (4P) 40 (4P)

A1 B1 A1 B1 B1 E-F E-F

A2 B2, C A2, B2 B2, C B2, C E1, D E1, C3

B2 B3 B2, C C C E1 E1

*

In the case of the only possible faults being L-N or L-E (E=Earth) with nonsigniﬁcant impedance, use the diagrams shown. If both faults are possible, use the diagrams valid for L-E fault. ** T1, T2, T3 only, *** T2 only

Connection diagrams Diagram A1 Conﬁguration with two poles in series (without neutral connected to earth) • Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 2 poles in series • Interruption for phase to earth fault: not considered (The installation method must be such as to make the probability of a second earth fault negligible) L

N

L

N

1SDC008038F0001

Rated current Circuit-breaker T1B160 T1C160 T1N160 T2N160 T2S160 T2H160 T2L160 T3N250 T3S250 T4N250/320 T4S250/320 T4H250/320 T4L250/320 T4V250/320 T4V250 T5N400/630 T5S400/630 T5H400/630 T5L400/630 T5V400/630 T5V400/630 T6N630/800 T6S630/800 T6H630/800 T6L630/800

250 V 2 poles in series 250 V 3 poles in series** 500 V 2 poles in series 500 V 3 poles in series** 750 V 3 poles in series 750 V 4 poles in series*** 1000 V 4 poles in series

Neutral grounded* L-N fault L-E fault

Load Diagram A2 Conﬁguration with two poles in series (with neutral connected to earth) • Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 2 poles in series • Interruption for phase to earth fault: single pole (same capacity as two poles in series, but limited to 125V) L

1000V version circuit-breakers in dc, with neutral at 100%. Circuit-breakers with neutral at 100%.

N

L

Load 172

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5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5 Special applications

Diagram B1

Diagram E-F

Conﬁguration with three poles in series (without neutral connected to earth) • Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 3 poles in series • Interruption for phase to earth fault: not considered (The installation method must be such as to make the probability of a second earth fault negligible)

Conﬁguration with four poles in series (without neutral connected to earth) • Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 4 poles in series • Interruption for phase to earth fault: not considered (The installation method must be such as to make the probability of a second earth fault negligible)

N

L

N

Load Diagram B2

L

Diagram D Conﬁguration with four poles in series, on one polarity (with neutral connected to earth and not interrupted) • Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 4 poles in series • Interruption for phase to earth fault: 4 poles in series N

L

N

1SDC008039F0001

N

Load

Load

Diagram C

Diagram E1

Conﬁguration with three poles in series (with neutral connected to earth but not interrupted) • Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 3 poles in series • Interruption for phase to earth fault: 3 poles in series

Interruption with four poles in series (with neutral connected to earth and interrupted) • Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 4 poles in series • Interruption for phase to earth fault: 3 poles in series

N

L

Load

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

L N

N

1SDC008040F0001

L

174

Load

Load

Conﬁguration with three poles in series (with neutral connected to earth and interrupted) • Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 3 poles in series • Interruption for phase to earth fault: 2 poles in series L

N

F

1SDC008039F0001

E

L

1SDC008042F0001

L

1SDC008041F0001

N

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

L

N

Load

1SDC008040F0001

L

5 Special applications

175

5.2 Networks at particular frequencies

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications Example:

T4

1000 V dc Moulded-case circuit-breakers

Network data: Rated voltage 250 V Rated frequency 16 2/3 Hz Load current 120 A Phase to neutral short-circuit current 45 kA Neutral connected to earth Assuming that the probability of a phase to earth fault is negligible, Table 3 shows that connections A2, B2 or B3 may be used. Therefore it is possible to choose a Tmax T2S160 In125 circuit-breaker, which with the connection according to diagram A2 (two poles in series) has a breaking capacity of 50 kA, while according to diagrams B2 or B3 (three poles in series) the breaking capacity is 55 kA (Table 1). To determine the magnetic trip, see factor km in Table 2. The magnetic threshold will be: I3= 1250·0.9 = 1125 A whichever diagram is used. If it is possible to have an earth fault with non signiﬁcant impedance, the diagrams to be considered (Table 3) are only B2 or B3. In particular, in diagram B2 it can be seen that only 2 poles are working in series, the breaking capacity will be 50 kA (Table 1), while with diagram B3, with 3 poles working in series, the breaking capacity is 55 kA.

Rated uninterrupted current, Iu

[A]

Poles

Nr.

Rated operational voltage, Ue

[V –]

Rated impulse withstand voltage, Uimp

T6

630/800

4

4

4

1000

1000

1000

[kV]

8

8

8

[V]

1000

1000

1000

Test voltage at industrial frequency for 1 min.

[V]

3500

3500

3500

V

V

L

[kA]

40

40

40

(4 poles in series)

[kA]

20

20

Rated short-time withstand current for 1 s, Icw

[kA]

–

5 (400A)

7.6 (630A) - 10 (800A)

A

B (400A)-A (630A)

B

–

Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity, Icu (4 poles in series) Rated services short-circuit breaking capacity, Ics

Utilisation category (EN 60947-2) Isolation behaviour IEC 60947-2, EN 60947-2 Thermomagnetic releases

TMD

–

Thermomagnetic releases

TMA

up to 500 A

Versions Terminals

Fixed

TERMINAL CAPTION F = Front EF = Front extended

F

F

F

FC Cu

FC Cu

F - FC CuAl - R 20000/120

20000/240

20000/120

L [mm]

140

184

280

D [mm]

103.5

103.5

103.5

H [mm]

205

205

268

Basic dimensions, ﬁxed

The Tmax and Emax /E 1000 V and 1150 V circuit-breakers are particularly suitable for use in installations in mines, petrochemical plants and services connected to electrical traction (tunnel lighting).

T5

400/630

Rated insulation voltage, Ui

Mechanical life [No. operations / operations per hours]

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

250

ES = Front extended spread FC Cu =Front for copper cables FC CuAl = Front for CuAl cables

R = Rear orientated HR = Rear in horizontal ﬂat bar VR = Rear in vertical ﬂat bar

MC = Multicable

5.3.1 1000 V dc networks

1000 Vdc Moulded case circuit-breakers

Connection diagrams

General characteristics

Possible connection diagrams with reference to the type of distribution system in which they can be used follow. Networks insulated from earth The following diagrams can be used (the polarity may be inverted). +

-

Load

1SDC008043F0001

The range of Tmax moulded-case circuit-breakers for use in installations with rated voltage up to 1000 Vdc comply with international standard IEC 60947-2. The range is ﬁtted with adjustable thermo-magnetic releases and is suitable for all installation requirements and has a range of available settings from 32 A to 800 A. The four-pole version circuit-breakers allow high performance levels to be reached thanks to the series connection of the poles. The circuit breakers in the Tmax 1000 V range maintain the same dimensions and ﬁxing points as standard circuit breakers. These circuit-breakers can also be ﬁtted with the relevant range of standard accessories, with the exception of residual current releases for Tmax. In particular it is possible to use conversion kits for removable and withdrawable moving parts and various terminal kits.

A) 3+1 poles in series (1000 Vdc)

176

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177

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications +

Networks with median point of the supply source connected to earth

-

In the presence of an earth fault of positive or negative polarity, the poles involved in the fault work at U/2 (500 V); the following diagram must be used:

Load

-

1SDC008046F0001

1SDC008044F0001

+

B) 2+2 poles in series (1000 Vdc)

It is assumed that the risk of a double earth fault in which the ﬁrst fault is downstream of the breaker on one polarity and the second is upstream of the same switching device on the opposite polarity is null. In this condition the fault current, which can reach high values, effects only some of the 4 poles necessary to ensure the breaking capacity. It is possible to prevent the possibility of a double earth fault by installing a device which signals the loss of insulation and identiﬁes the position of the ﬁrst earth fault, allowing it to be eliminated quickly.

Load D) 2+2 poles in series (1000 Vdc)

Correction factors for tripping thresholds With regard to overload protection, no correction factors need to be applied. However, for the magnetic threshold values in use with 1000 Vdc with the previously described applicable diagrams, refer to the corresponding values for alternating current, multiplied by the correction factors given in the following table:

Networks with one polarity connected to earth

Circuit-breaker T4V T5V T6L

As the polarity connected to earth does not have to be interrupted (in the example it is assumed that the polarity connected to earth is negative, although the following is also valid with the polarity inverted), the diagram which shows the connection of 4 poles in series on the polarity not connected to earth may be used.

+

km 1 0.9 0.9

Circuit-breakers with thermomagnetic release for direct current

-

In [A]

32 (1) 50 (1)

80 (2)

100 (2)

125 (2)

160 (2)

200 (2)

250 (2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

T4V 250

Load

1SDC008045F0001

T5V 400

C) 4 poles in series (1000 Vdc)

178

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

–

–

320 (2)

400 (2)

–

–

T5V 630

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

T6L 630

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

T6L 800

–

500 (2)

630 (2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

– –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

500

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

I3 = (5 -10xIn) [A] –

–

(2)

– –

I3 = (10xIn) [A] 320

(1)

800 (2)

–

400÷800 500÷1000 625÷1250 800÷1600 1000÷2000 1250÷2500 1600÷3200 2000÷4000 2500÷5000 3150÷6300 4000÷8000

Thermal threshold adjustable from 0.7 and 1 x In; ﬁxed magnetic threshold Thermal threshold adjustable from 0.7 and 1 x In; magnetic threshold adjustable between 5 and 10 x In.

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179

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

Example

1000 Vdc air switch disconnectors

To ensure the protection of a user supplied with a network having the following characteristics: Rated voltage Ur = 1000 Vdc Short-circuit current Ik = 18 kA Load current Ib = 420 A Network with both polarities insulated from earth.

The air switch disconnectors derived from the Emax air breakers are identiﬁed by the standard range code together with the code “/E MS”. These comply with the international Standard IEC 60947-3 and are especially suitable for use as bus-ties or principle isolators in direct current installations, for example in electrical traction applications. The overall dimensions and the ﬁxing points remain unaltered from those of standard breakers, and they can be ﬁtted with various terminal kits and all the accessories for the Emax range; they are available in both withdrawable and ﬁxed versions, and in three-pole version (up to 750 Vdc) and four-pole (up to 1000 Vdc). The withdrawable breakers are assembled with special version ﬁxed parts for applications of 750/1000 Vdc. The range covers all installation requirements up to 1000 Vdc / 6300 A or up to 750 Vdc / 6300 A. A breaking capacity equal to the rated short-time withstand current is attributed to these breakers when they are associated with a suitable external relay.

From the table of available settings, the circuit-breaker to be used is: T5V 630 In=500 four-pole Icu@1000 Vdc = 40 kA Thermal trip threshold adjustable from (0.7-1) x In therefore from 350 A to 500 A to be set at 0.84. Magnetic trip threshold adjustable from (5-10) x In which with correction factor km = 0.9 gives the following adjustment range: 2250 A to 4500 A. The magnetic threshold will be adjusted according to any conductors to be protected. The connection of the poles must be as described in diagrams A or B. A device which signals any ﬁrst earth fault must be present. With the same system data, if the network is carried out with a polarity connected to earth, the circuit-breaker must be connected as described in diagram C.

The following table shows the available versions and their relative electrical performance: E1B/E MS Rated current (at 40 °C) Iu

E2N/E MS

800

[A]

1250

1250

[A]

E3H/E MS 1250

1600

Rated insulation voltage Ui

Rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp

Rated short-time withstand current Icw (1s)

Rated making capacity Icm

750V DC

6300

2500

3200

[A] Rated service voltage Ue

5000

4000

2000

[A] Poles

E6H/E MS

3200

1600

2000

[A]

E4H/E MS

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

3

4

[V]

750

1000

750

1000

750

1000

750

1000

750

1000

[V]

1000 1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

[kV]

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

[kA]

20

20 (1)

25

25(1)

40

40 (1)

65

65

65

[kA]

1000V DC

65

42

42

52.5

52.5

105

105

143

143

143

143

-

42

-

52.5

-

105

-

143

-

143

Note: The breaking capacity Icu, by means of external protection relay, with 500 ms maximum timing, is equal to the value of Icw (1s). (1) The performances at 750 V are: for E1B/E MS Icw = 25 kA, for E2N/E MS Icw = 40 kA and for E3H/E MS Icw = 50 kA.

180

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5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

+

Connection diagrams

-

Connection diagrams to be used according to the type of distribution system follow.

1SDC008050F0001

The risk of a double earth fault on different poles is assumed to be zero, that is, the fault current involves only one part of the breaker poles.

Load

G) 2+1 poles in series (750 Vdc)

Networks insulated from earth The following diagrams may be used (the polarity may be inverted).

The polarity connected to earth does not have to be interrupted (in the examples it is assumed that the polarity connected to earth is negative):

-

+

1SDC008049F0001

-

1SDC008047F0001

+

Networks with one polarity connected to earth

Load

Load H) 4 poles in series (1000 Vdc)

E) 3+1 poles in series (1000 Vdc)

+ -

F) 2+2 poles in series (1000 Vdc)

Load

1SDC008051F0001

Load

1SDC008048F0001

+

I) 3 poles in series (750 Vdc)

Networks with median point of the supply source connected to earth Only four-pole breakers may be used as in the conﬁguration shown in diagram F).

182

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183

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

5.3.2 1000 Vac networks

The circuit-breakers in the range up to 1150 V maintain the same dimension as standard circuit breakers. These circuit-breakers can also be ﬁtted with the relevant range of standard accessories, with the exception of residual current releases.

Moulded-case circuit-breakers up to 1150 Vac General characteristics

The following tables show the electrical characteristics of the range:

The circuit-breakers in the Tmax range up to 1150 V comply with the international standard IEC 60947-2. These circuit breakers can be ﬁtted with thermo-magnetic releases (for the smaller sizes) and with electronic releases. All installation requirements can be met with a range of available settings from 32 A to 800 A and with breaking capacity up to 20 kA at 1150 Vac. Moulded-case circuit-breakers up to 1150 Vac

T4

Rated uninterrupted current, Iu Poles Rated service voltage, Ue (ac) 50-60Hz Rated impulse withstand voltage, Uimp Rated insulation voltage, Ui Test voltage at industrial frequency for 1 min. Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity, Icu

[A] Nr. [V] [kV] [V] [V]

1000

1150 8

1000

1150

1000

1150

3500

3500 V (1) 20 12

[kA] [kA]

12

12 6

10

10 6

6

[kA] [kA]

24

40 24

24

40 24

24

(ac) 50-60 Hz 1000 V (ac) 50-60 Hz 1150 V (ac) 50-60 Hz 1000 V (ac) 50-60 Hz 1150 V

B (400 A) (2)/A (630 A)

A IEC 60947-2

TMD TMA PR221DS/LS PR221DS/I PR222DS/P-LSI PR222DS/P-LSIG PR222DS/PD-LSI PR222DS/PD-LSIG PR222MP

[No. operations ] [No. operations per hours] 3 poles W [mm] 4 poles W [mm] D [mm] H [mm] ﬁxed 3/4 poles [kg] plug-in 3/4 poles [kg] withdrawable 3/4 poles [kg]

Basic dimension-ﬁxed version (5)

Weigth

(4) (5)

Tmax T5630 is only available in the ﬁxed version Circuit-breaker without high terminal covers

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

B (3)

IEC 60947-2

-

-

-

-

-

FC Cu

FC Cu

F, P, W

Version Mechanical life

184

1150 8

L 12

Terminals

(1) Power supply only from above (2) Icw=5kA (3) Icw=7.6kA (630A) - 10kA (800A)

1000

630/800 3, 4 1000 8 1000 3500 L (1) 12

V 20 12

[kA] [kA]

Rated short-circuit making capacity Icm

Electronic releases

T6

400/630 3, 4

L 12

(ac) 50-60 Hz 1000 V (ac) 50-60 Hz 1150 V Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity, Ics

Utilisation category (EN 60947-2) Isolation behavour Reference Standard Thermomagnetic releases

T5

250 3, 4

F

F, P, W

(4)

20000 240 105 140 103.5 205 2.35/3.05 3.6/4.65 3.85/4.9

F 20000 120 140 184 103.5 205

2.35/3.05

3.25/4.15 5.15/6.65 5.4/6.9

3.25/4.15

IEC 60947-2 -

F-FC CuAI-R F 20000 120 210 280 103.5 268 9.5/12

TERMINAL CAPTION

F=Front FC Cu= Front for copper cables

FC CuAl=Front for CuAl cables R= Rear orientated

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185

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks

5 Special applications

5 Special applications

The following tables show the electrical characteristics of the devices:

The following tables show the available releases.

Circuit-breakers with electronic release for alternating currents In100

T4 250 T5 400

In400

In630

In800

–

–

–

–

– –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

100÷1000

250÷2500

320÷3200

400÷4000

630÷6300

800÷8000

150÷1200

375÷3000

480÷3840

600÷4800

945÷7560

1200÷9600

T6L 800

–

XIB/E

–

T6L 630

I3 (1.5÷12 x In) [A] (2)

Air circuit-breakers (up to 1150 Vac)

In320

–

T5 630

I3 (1÷10x In) [A] (1)

In250

–

80 (2)

100 (2)

125 (2)

160 (2)

200 (2)

250 (2)

T4V 250 T5V 400

320 (2)

400 (2)

500 (2)

630 (2)

800 (2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

T5V 630

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

T6L 800

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

T6L 630

I3 = (10xIn) [A] I3 = (5 -10xIn) [A] (1) (2)

320

500

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

E6H/E

[A] [V~]

1000

1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150

Rated insulation voltage Ui

[V~]

1000

1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250

1000 V

[kA]

20

1150 V

[kA]

Rated ultimate breaking capacity under short-circuit Icu 20

20

30

30

30

50

50

50

50

50

65

65

65

65

65

20

20

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

65

65

65

65

65

–

–

–

– –

1000 V

[kA]

1150 V

[kA]

Rated short-time withstand current Icw (1s)

20

20

30

30

30

50

50

50

50

50

65

65

65

65

65

20

20

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

65

65

65

65

65

[kA]

20

20

20

30

30

30

50(*)

50(*)

50(*)

50(*)

50(*)

65

65

65

65

65

40

40

40

63

63

63

105

105

105

105

105

143

143

143

143

143

40

40

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

143

143

143

143

143

Rated making capacity under short-circuit (peak value) Icm

–

1000 V

[kA]

–

1150 V

[kA]

–

400÷800 500÷1000 625÷1250 800÷1600 1000÷2000 1250÷2500 1600÷3200 2000÷4000 2500÷5000 31500÷6300 4000÷8000

Thermal threshold adjustable from 0.7 and 1 x In; ﬁxed magnetic threshold Thermal threshold adjustable from 0.7 and 1 x In; magnetic threshold adjustable between 5 and 10 x In.

20

(*)

30 kA @ 1150 V

Air switch disconnectors (up to 1150 Vac) XIB/E MS E2B/E MS E2N/E MS E3H/E MS E4H/E MS E6H/E MS

Air circuit-breakers and switch disconnectors up to1150 Vac For 1150 V alternating current applications, the following devices are available: • Circuit-breakers in compliance with Standard IEC 60947-2 The special version breakers up to 1150 Vac are identiﬁed by the standard range code together with the sufﬁx “/E”, and are derived from the correspondent Emax standard breakers and retain the same versions, accessories and overall dimensions. The Emax range of breakers is available in both withdrawable and ﬁxed versions with three and four poles, and can be ﬁtted with accessories and equipped with the full range of electronic releases and microprocessors (PR332/PPR333/P-PR121-PR122-PR123). • Switch disconnectors in compliance with Standard IEC 60947-3 These breakers are identiﬁed by the code of the standard range, from which they are derived, together with the sufﬁx “/E MS”. Three-pole and four-pole versions are available in both withdrawable and ﬁxed versions with the same dimensions, accessory characteristics and installation as the standard switch disconnectors.

186

E4H/E

Rated service breaking capacity under short-circuit Ics

Circuit-breakers with thermomagnetic release for alternating currents 50 (1)

E3H/E

Rated service voltage Ue

PR221 (2) PR222

32 (1)

E2N/E

Rated uninterrupted current (at 40 °C) Iu

(1)

In [A]

E2B/E

630/800 1000/1250 1600 1600 2000 1250 1600 2000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 3200 4000 4000 5000 6300

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Rated current (at 40 °C) Iu

[A]

1000

1600

1250

1250

3200

4000

[A]

1250

2000

1600

1600

4000

5000

[A]

1600

2000

2000 3200

[A] Poles

6300

2500

[A] 3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

Rated service voltage Ue

[V]

1000

1150

1150

1150

1150

1150

Rated insulation voltage Ui

[V]

1000

1250

1250

1250

1250

1250

Rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp

[kV]

12

12

12

12

12

12

Rated short-time withstand voltage Icw (1s)

[kA]

20

20

30

30(1)

63

65

Rated making capacity under short-circuit (peak value) Icm

[kA]

40

40

63

63(2)

143

143

Note: The breaking capacity Icu, by means of external protection relay, with 500 ms maximum timing, is equal to the value of Icw (1s). (1) The performance at 1000V is 50 kA (2) The performance at 1000V is 105 kA

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

187

5.4 Automatic transfer switches

5 Special applications

5 Special applications 5.4 Automatic Transfer Switches

ATS010 device is interfaced by means of appropriate terminals: - with the protection circuit-breakers of the N-Line and of the E-Line, motorized and mechanically interlocked, to detect their status and send opening and closing commands according to the set time delays; - with the control card of the Gen set to control its status and send start and stop commands; - with any further signals coming from the plant in order to block the switching logic; - with the N-Line to detect any possible anomaly and with the E-Line to verify the voltage presence; - with an additional device to disconnect non-priority loads; - with an auxiliary power supply at 24 Vdc ± 20% (or 48 Vdc ± 10%). This supply source shall be present also in case of lack of voltage on both lines (N-Line and E-Line).

In the electrical plants, where a high reliability is required from the power supply source because the operation cycle cannot be interrupted and the risk of a lack of power supply is unacceptable, an emergency line supply is indispensable to avoid the loss of large quantities of data, damages to working processes, plant stops etc. For these reasons, transfer switch devices are used mainly for: • power supply of hotels and airports; • surgical rooms and primary services in hospitals; • power supply of UPS groups; • databanks, telecommunication systems, PC rooms; • power supply of industrial lines for continuous processes. ATS010 is the solution offered by ABB: it is an automatic transfer switch system with micro-processor based technology which allows switching of the supply from the normal line (N-Line) to the emergency line (E-Line) in case any of the following anomalies occurs on the main network: • overvoltages and voltage dips; • lack of one of the phases; • asymmetries in the phase cycle; • frequency values out of the setting range. Then, when the network standard parameters are recovered, the system switches again the power supply to the main network (N-Line). ATS010 is used in systems with two distinct supply lines connected to the same busbar system and functioning independently (“island condition”): the ﬁrst one is used as normal supply line, the second is used for emergency power supply from a generator system. It is also possible to provide the system with a device to disconnect the non-priority loads when the network is supplied from the E-Line. The following scheme shows a plant having a safety auxiliary power supply:

Normal network (N-Line)

Emergency Generator (E-Line)

-QF2

ATS010

Non-vital loads

188

SD

Vital loads

1SDC008038F0201

-QF1

G

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189

6.1 Electrical switchboards

6 Switchboards

6 Switchboards 6.1 Electrical switchboards The switchboard is a combination of one or more low voltage switching, protection and other devices assembled in one or more enclosure so as to satisfy the requirements regarding safety and to allow the functions for which it was designed to be carried out. A switchboard consists of a container, termed enclosure by the relevant Standards (which has the function of support and mechanical protection of the components contained within), and the electrical equipment, which consists of devices, internal connections and input and output terminals for connection with the system. The reference Standard is IEC 60439-1 published in 2004, titled “Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: Type-tested and partially typetested assemblies”, approved by CENELEC code number EN 60439-1. Supplementary calculation guides are: IEC 60890 “A method of temperature-rise assessment by extrapolation for partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA) of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear“. IEC 61117 “A method for assessing the short-circuit withstand strength of partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA)”. IEC 60865-1 “Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Deﬁnitions and calculation methods”. Standard IEC 60439-1 sets out the requirements relating to the construction, safety and maintainability of electrical switchboards, and identiﬁes the nominal characteristics, the operational environmental conditions, the mechanical and electrical requirements and the performance regulations. The type-tests and individual tests are deﬁned, as well as the method of their execution and the criteria necessary for the evaluation of the results.

By “partially type-tested assemblies” (PTTA), it is meant a low voltage and controlgear assembly, tested only with a part of the type-tests; some tests may be substituted by extrapolation which are calculations based on experimental results obtained from assemblies which have passed the type-tests. Veriﬁcations through simpliﬁed measurements or calculations, allowed as an alternative to type tests, concern heating, short circuit withstand and insulation. Standard IEC 60439-1 states that some steps of assembly may take place outside the factory of the manufacturer, provided the assembly is performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The installer may use commercial assembly kits to realize a suitable switchboard conﬁguration. The same Standard speciﬁes a division of responsibility between the manufacturer and the assembler in Table 7: “List of veriﬁcations and tests to be performed on TTA and PTTA” in which the type-tests and individual tests to be carried out on the assembly are detailed. The type-tests verify the compliance of the prototype with the requirements of the Standard, and are generally under the responsibility of the manufacturer, who must also supply instructions for the production and assembly of the switchboard. The assembler has responsibility for the selection and assembly of components in accordance with the instructions supplied and must conﬁrm compliance with the Standards through the previously stated checks in the case of switchboards that deviate from a tested prototype. Routine tests must also be carried out on every example produced. The distinction between TTA and PTTA switchgear and controlgear assemblies has no relevance to the declaration of conformity with Standard IEC 60439-1, in so far as the switchboard must comply with this Standard.

Standard IEC 60439-1 distinguishes between the two types of switchboard: TTA (type-tested assemblies) and PTTA (partially type-tested assemblies). By “type-tested assemblies” (TTA), it is meant a low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies conforming to an established type or system without deviations likely to signiﬁcantly inﬂuence the performance from the typical assembly veriﬁed to be in accordance with the Standard prescriptions. TTA switchboards are assemblies derived directly from a prototype designed in all details and subjected to type-tests; as the type-tests are very complex, switchboards designed by a manufacturer with a sound technical and ﬁnancial basis are referred to. Nevertheless, TTA assemblies can be mounted by a panel builder or installer who follows the manufacturer’s instructions; deviations from the prototype are only allowed if they do not signiﬁcantly change the performance compared with the type-tested equipment.

190

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191

6.1 Electrical switchboards

6.1 Electrical switchboards

6 Switchboards

6 Switchboards

Degrees of protection

List of veriﬁcations and tests to be performed on TTA and PTTA No. 1

Characteristics to be checked Temperature-rise limits

Subclauses TTA 8.2.1 Veriﬁcation of temperature-rise limits by test (type test) 8.2.2 Veriﬁcation of dielectric properties by test (type test)

2

Dielectric properties

3

Short-circuit withstand strength

8.2.3

Effectiveness of the protective circuit

8.2.4

4

Veriﬁcation of dielectric properties by test according to 8.2.2 or 8.3.2, or veriﬁcation of insulation resistance according to 8.3.4 (see No. 9 and 11) Veriﬁcation of the short-circuit withstand strength by test or by extrapolation from similar type-tested arrangements

Effective connection between the exposed conductive parts of the ASSEMBLY and the protective circuit

8.2.4.1 Veriﬁcation of the effective connection between the exposed conductive parts of the ASSEMBLY and the protective circuit by inspection or by resistance measurement (type test)

Veriﬁcation of the effective connection between the exposed conductive parts of the ASSEMBLY and the protective circuit by inspection or by resistance measurement

Short-circuit withstand strength of the protective circuit

Veriﬁcation of the short8.2.4.2 circuit withstand strength of the protective circuit by test (type test)

Veriﬁcation of the short-circuit withstand strength of the protective circuit by test or appropriate design and arrangement of the protective conductor (see 7.4.3.1.1, last paragraph) Veriﬁcation of clearances and creepage distances

5

Clearances and creepage distances

8.2.5

6

Mechanical operation

8.2.6

7

Degree of protection

8.2.7

8

Wiring, electrical operation

8.3.1

9

Insulation

8.3.2

10

Protective measures

8.3.3

11

Insulation resistance

8.3.4

192

Veriﬁcation of the shortcircuit withstand strength by test (type test)

Veriﬁcation of the clearances and creepage distances (type test) Veriﬁcation of mechanical operation (type test) Veriﬁcation of the degree of protection (type test) Inspection of the ASSEMBLY including inspection of wiring and, if necessary, electrical operation test (routine test) Dielectric test (routine test) Checking of protective measures and of the electrical continuity of the protective circuits (routine test)

The degree of protection IP indicates a level of protection provided by the assembly against access to or contact with live parts, against ingress of solid foreign bodies and against the ingress of liquid. The IP code is the system used for the identiﬁcation of the degree of protection, in compliance with the requirements of Standard IEC 60529. Unless otherwise speciﬁed by the manufacturer, the degree of protection applies to the complete switchboard, assembled and installed for normal use (with door closed). The manufacturer shall also state the degree of protection applicable to particular conﬁgurations which may arise in service, such as the degree of protection with the door open or with devices removed or withdrawn.

PTTA Veriﬁcation of temperature-rise limits by test or extrapolation

Elements of the IP Code and their meanings Element Code letters First characteristic numeral

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Second characteristic numeral 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Veriﬁcation of mechanical operation Veriﬁcation of the degree of protection Inspection of the ASSEMBLY including inspection of wiring and, if necessary, electrical operation test

Dielectric test or veriﬁcation of insulation resistance according to 8.3.4 (see No. 2 and 11) Checking of protective measures

Veriﬁcation of insulation resistance unless test according to 8.2.2 or 8.3.2 has been made (see No. 2 and 9)

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Numerials or letters IP

Meaning for the protection of equipment

Meaning for the protection of persons

Against ingress of the solid foreign objects

Against access to hazardous parts with

(non-protected) ≥ 50 mm diameter ≥ 12.5 mm diameter ≥ 2.5 mm diameter ≥ 1.0 mm diameter dust-protected dust-tight Against ingress of water with harmful effects

(non-protected) back of hand ﬁnger tool wire wire wire Cl.6

Against access to hazardous parts with A B C D

Cl.7

back of hand ﬁnger tool wire Supplemetary information speciﬁc to:

H M S W

Cl.5

(non-protected) vertically dripping dripping (15° tilted) spraying splashing jetting powerful jetting temporary immersion continuous immersion

Additional letter (optional)

Supplementary letter (optional)

Ref.

Cl.8

Hight voltage apparatus Motion during water test Stationary during water test Weather conditions

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6.1 Electrical switchboards

6.1 Electrical switchboards

6 Switchboards

6 Switchboards Simbols

Form 1 (no internal segregation)

Forms of internal separation By form of separation it is meant the type of subdivision provided within the switchboard. Separation by means of barriers or partitions (metallic or insulating) may have the function to: - provide protection against direct contact (at least IPXXB) in the case of access to a part of the switchboard which is not live, with respect to the rest of the switchboard which remains live; - reduce the risk of starting or propagating an internal arc; - impede the passage of solid bodies between different parts of the switchboard (degree of protection of at least IP2X). A partition is a separation element between two parts, while a barrier protects the operator from direct contact and from arcing effects from any interruption devices in the normal access direction. The following table from Standard IEC 60439-1 highlights typical forms of separation which can be obtained using barriers or partitions:

b

a

Form 2 (segregation of the busbars from the functional units)

Form 3 (separation of the busbars from the functional units + separation of the functional units from each other)

Form 4 ((separation of the busbars from the functional units + separation of the functional units from each other + separation of the terminals from each other)

Form 2a Terminals not separated from the busbars

Form 3a Terminals not separated from the busbars

Form 4a Terminals in the same compartment as the associated functional unit

Form 2b Terminals separated from the busbars

Form 3b Terminals separated from the busbars

Form 4b Terminals in the same compartment as the associated functional unit

d

c

1SDC008039F0201

Form of separation and classiﬁcation of switchboards

Caption a Housing b Internal segregation c Functional units including the terminals for the associated external conductors d Busbars, including the distribution busbars

Classiﬁcation Different classiﬁcations of electrical switchboard exist, depending on a range of factors.

Main criteria

Subcriteria

No separation Terminals for external conductors not separated from busbars Terminals for external conductors separated from busbars Separation of busbars from the functional units and Terminals for external conductors not separation of all functional units from one another. separated from busbars Separation of the terminals for external conductors Terminals for external conductors from the functional units, but not from each other separated from busbars Terminals for external conductors in the same compartment as the associated Separation of busbars from the functional units and functional unit separation of all functional units from one another, Terminals for external conductors not in including the terminals for external conductors the same compartment as the associated which are an integral part of the functional unit functional unit, but in individual, separate, enclosed protected spaces or compartments Separation of busbars from the functional units

194

Form Form 1 Form 2a Form 2b

Based on construction type, Standard IEC 60439-1 ﬁrstly distinguishes between open and enclosed assemblies. A switchboard is enclosed when it comprises protective panels on all sides, providing a degree of protection against direct contact of at least IPXXB. Switchboards used in normal environments must be enclosed. Open switchboards, with or without front covering, which have the live parts accessible. These switchboards may only be used in electrical plants.

Form 3a Form 3b Form 4a

Form 4b

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

With regard to external design, switchboards are divided into the following categories: - Cubicle-type assembly Used for large scale control and distribution equipment; multi-cubicle-type assembly can be obtained by placing cubicles side by side.

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6.1 Electrical switchboards

6.1 Electrical switchboards

6 Switchboards

6 Switchboards - Desk-type assembly Used for the control of machinery or complex systems in the mechanical, iron and steel, and chemical industries. - Box-type assembly Characterized by wall mounting, either mounted on a wall or ﬂush-ﬁtting; these switchboards are generally used for distribution at department or zone level in industrial environments and in the tertiary sector. - Multi-box-type assembly Each box, generally protected and ﬂanged, contains a functional unit which may be an automatic circuit-breaker, a starter, a socket complete with locking switch or circuit-breaker. With regard to the intended function, switchboards may be divided into the following types: - Main distribution boards Main distribution boards are generally installed immediately downstream of MV/LV transformers, or of generators; they are also termed power centres. Main distribution boards comprise one or more incoming units, busbar connectors, and a relatively smaller number of output units. - Secondary distribution boards Secondary distribution boards include a wide range of switchboards for the distribution of power, and are equipped with a single input unit and numerous output units. - Motor operation boards Motor control boards are designed for the control and centralised protection of motors: therefore they comprise the relative coordinated devices for operation and protection, and auxiliary control and signalling devices. - Control, measurement and protection boards Control, measurement and protection boards generally consist of desks containing mainly equipment for the control, monitoring and measurement of industrial processes and systems.

Method of temperature rise assessment by extrapolation for partially tested assemblies (PTTA) For PTTA assemblies, the temperature rise can be determined by laboratory tests or calculations, which can be carried out in accordance with Standard IEC 60890. The formulae and coefﬁcients given in this Standard are deduced from measurements taken from numerous switchboards, and the validity of the method has been checked by comparison with the test results. This method does not cover the whole range of low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies since it has been developed under precise hypotheses which limit the applications; this can however be correct, suited and integrated with other calculation procedures which can be demonstrated to have a technical basis. Standard IEC 60890 serves to determine the temperature rise of the air inside the switchboard caused by the energy dissipated by the devices and conductors installed within the switchboard. To calculate the temperature rise of the air inside an enclosure, once the requirements of the Standard have been met, the following must be considered: - Dimensions of the enclosure - Type of installation: - enclosure open to air on all sides; - wall-mounted enclosure; - enclosure designed for mounting in extremities; - enclosure in an internal position in a multicompartment switchboard; - Any ventilation openings, and their dimensions - Number of horizontal internal separators - Power losses from the effective current ﬂowing through any device and conductor installed within the switchboard or compartment. The Standard allows the calculation of temperature rise of the air at mid-height and at the highest point of the switchboard. Once the values are calculated, it must be evaluated if the switchboard can comply with the requirements relating to the set limits at certain points within the same switchboard. The Annex B explains the calculation method described in the Standard. ABB supplies the client with calculation software which allows the temperature rise inside the switchboard to be calculated quickly.

- Machine-side boards Machine-side boards are functionally similar to the above; their role is to provide an interface between the machine with the power supply and the operator. - Assemblies for construction sites (ASC) Assemblies for construction sites may be of different sizes, from a simple plug and socket assembly to true distribution boards with enclosures of metal or insulating material. They are generally mobile or, in any case, transportable.

196

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6.2 MNS switchboards

6 Switchboards

6 Switchboards 6.2 MNS switchboards MNS systems are suitable for applications in all ﬁelds concerning the generation, distribution and use of electrical energy; e. g., they can be used as: - main and sub-distribution boards; - motor power supply of MCCs (Motor Control Centres); - automation switchboards. The MNS system is a framework construction with maintenance-free bolted connections which can be equipped as required with standardized components and can be adapted to any application. The consistent application of the modular principle both in electrical and mechanical design permits optional selection of the structural design, interior arrangement and degree of protection according to the operating and environmental conditions. The design and material used for the MNS system largely prevent the occurrence of electric arcs, or provide for arc extinguishing within a short time. The MNS System complies with the requirements laid down in VDE0660 Part 500 as well as IEC 61641 and has furthermore been subjected to extensive accidental arc tests by an independent institute. The MNS system offers the user many alternative solutions and notable advantages in comparison with conventional-type installations: - compact, space-saving design; - back-to-back arrangement; - optimized energy distribution in the cubicles; - easy project and detail engineering through standardized components; - comprehensive range of standardized modules; - various design levels depending on operating and environmental conditions; - easy combination of the different equipment systems, such as ﬁxed and withdrawable modules in a single cubicle; - possibility of arc-proof design (standard design with ﬁxed module design); - possibility of earthquake-, vibration- and shock-proof design; - easy assembly without special tools; - easy conversion and retroﬁt; - largely maintenance-free; - high operational reliability; - high safety for human beings. The basic elements of the frame are C-sections with holes at 25 mm intervals in compliance with Standard DIN 43660. All frame parts are secured maintenancefree with tapping screws or ESLOK screws. Based on the basic grid size of 25 mm, frames can be constructed for the various cubicle types without any special tools. Single or multi-cubicle switchgear assemblies for front or front and rear operations are possible. Different designs are available, depending on the enclosure required: - single equipment compartment door; - double equipment compartment door; - equipment and cable compartment door; - module doors and/or withdrawable module covers and cable compartment door. The bottom side of the cubicle can be provided with ﬂoor plates. With the aid of ﬂanged plates, cable ducts can be provided to suit all requirements. Doors and cladding can be provided with one or more ventilation opening, roof plates can be provided with metallic grid (IP 30 – IP40) or with ventilation chimney (IP 40, 41, 42). 198

6.3 ArTu distribution switchboards

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Depending on the requirements, a frame structure can be subdivided into the following compartments (functional areas): - equipment compartment; - busbar compartment; - cable compartment. The equipment compartment holds the equipment modules, the busbar compartment contains the busbars and distribution bars, the cable compartment houses the incoming and outgoing cables (optionally from above and from below) with the wiring required for connecting the modules as well as the supporting devices (cable mounting rails, cable connection parts, parallel connections, wiring ducts, etc.). The functional compartments of a cubicle as well as the cubicles themselves can be separated by partitions. Horizontal partitions with or without ventilation openings can also be inserted between the compartments. All incoming/outgoing feeder and bus coupler cubicles include one switching device. These devices can be ﬁxed-mounted switch disconnectors, ﬁxedmounted or withdrawable air or moulded-case circuit-breakers. This type of cubicles is subdivided into equipment and busbar compartments; their size (H x W) is 2200 mm x 400 mm / 1200 mm x 600 mm, and the depth depends on the dimensions of the switchgear used. Cubicles with air circuit-breakers up to 2000 A can be built in the reduced dimensioned version (W = 400 mm). It is possible to interconnect cubicles to form optimal delivery units with a maximum width of 3000 mm.

6.3 ArTu distribution switchboards The range of ABB SACE ArTu distribution switchboards provides a complete and integrated offer of switchboards and kit systems for constructing primary and secondary low voltage distribution switchboards. With a single range of accessories and starting from simple assembly kits, the ArTu switchboards make it possible to assembly a wide range of conﬁgurations mounting modular, moulded-case and air circuit-breakers, with any internal separation up to Form 4. ABB SACE offers a series of standardized kits, consisting of pre-drilled plates and panels for the installation of the whole range of circuit-breakers type System pro M compact, Tmax and Emax X1, E1, E2, E3, E4 without the need of additional drilling operations or adaptations. Special consideration has been given to cabling requirements, providing special seats to ﬁx the plastic cabling duct horizontally and vertically. Standardization of the components is extended to internal separation of the switchboard: in ArTu switchboards, separation is easily carried out and it does not require either construction of “made-to-measure” switchboards or any additional sheet cutting, bending or drilling work. ArTu switchboards are characterized by the following features: - integrated range of modular metalwork structures up to 4000 A with common accessories; - possibility of fulﬁlling all application requirements in terms of installation (wall-mounting, ﬂoor-mounting, monoblock and cabinet kits) and degree of protection (IP31, IP41, IP43, IP65); - structure made of hot-galvanized sheet; ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

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6.3 ArTu distribution switchboards

6.3 ArTu distribution switchboards

6 Switchboards

6 Switchboards

- maximum integration with modular devices and ABB SACE moulded-case and air circuit-breakers; - minimum switchboard assembly times thanks to the simplicity of the kits, the standardization of the small assembly items, the self-supporting elements and the presence of clear reference points for assembly of the plates and panels; - separations in kits up to Form 4.

ArTu PB Series (Panelboard and Pan Assembly)

The range of ArTu switchboards includes four versions, which can be equipped with the same accessories. ArTu L series ArTu L series consists of a range of modular switchboard kits, with a capacity of 24/36 modules per row and degree of protection IP31 (without door) or IP43 (basic version with door). These switchboards can be wall- or ﬂoor-mounted: - wall-mounted ArTu L series, with heights of 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 mm, depth 204 mm, width 690 mm. Both System pro M modular devices and mouldedcase circuit-breakers Tmax T1-T2-T3 are housed inside this switchboard series; - ﬂoor-mounted ArTu L series, with heights of 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 mm, depth 240 mm, width 690/890 mm. System pro M modular devices, moulded- case circuit-breakers type Tmax T1-T2-T3-T4-T5-T6 (ﬁxed version with front terminals) are housed inside this switchboard series.

The ArTu line is now upgraded with the new ArTu PB Panelboard solution. The ArTu PB Panelboard is suitable for distribution applications with an incomer up to 800A and outgoing feeders up to 250A. The ArTu PB Panelboard is extremely sturdy thanks to its new designed framework and it is available both in the wall-mounted version as well as in the ﬂoor-mounted one. ArTu PB Panelboard customisation is extremely ﬂexible due to the smart design based on conﬁgurations of 6, 12 and 18 outgoing ways and to the new ABB plug-in system that allows easy and fast connections for all T1 and T3 versions. Upon request, extension boxes are available on all sides of the structure, for metering purposes too. The vertical trunking system is running behind the MCCB’s layer allowing easy access to every accessory wiring (SR’s, UV’s, AUX contacts). The ArTu PB Panelboard, supplied as a standard with a blind door, is available with a glazed one as well.

ArTu M series ArTu M series consists of a modular range of monoblock switchboards for wallmounted (with depths of 150 and 200 mm with IP65 degree of protection) or ﬂoor-mounted (with depth of 250 mm and IP31 or IP65 degrees of protection) installations, in which it is possible to mount System pro M modular devices and Tmax T1-T2-T3 moulded-case circuit-breakers on a DIN rail ArTu M series of ﬂoor-mounted switchboards can be equipped with Tmax series. ArTu K series ArTu K series consists of a range of modular switchboard kits for ﬂoor-mounted installation with four different depths (150, 225, 300, 500, 700 and 800 mm) and with degree of protection IP31 (without front door), IP41 (with front door and ventilated side panels) or IP65 (with front door and blind side panels), in which it is possible to mount System pro M modular devices, the whole range of moulded-case circuit–breakers Tmax, and Emax circuit-breakers X1, E1, E2, E3 and E4. ArTu switchboards have three functional widths: - 400 mm, for the installation of moulded-case circuit-breakers up to 630 A (T5); - 600 mm, which is the basic dimension for the installation of all the apparatus; - 800 mm, for the creation of the side cable container within the structure of the ﬂoor-mounted switchboard or for the use of panels with the same width. The available internal space varies in height from 600 mm (wall-mounted L series) to 2000 mm (ﬂoor-mounted M series and K series), thus offering a possible solution for the most varied application requirements. 200

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Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

The Std. IEC 60439-1 speciﬁes that ASSEMBLIES (referred to hereafter as switchboards) shall be constructed so as to be capable of withstanding the thermal and dynamic stresses resulting from short-circuit currents up to the rated values. Furthermore, switchboards shall be protected against short-circuit currents by means of circuit-breakers, fuses or a combination of both, which may either be incorporated in the switchboard or arranged upstream. When ordering a switchboard, the user shall specify the short-circuit conditions at the point of installation. This chapter takes into consideration the following aspects: - The need, or not, to carry out a veriﬁcation of the short-circuit withstand strength of the switchboard. - The suitability of a switchboard for a plant as a function of the prospective short-circuit current of the plant and of the short-circuit parameters of the switchboard. - The suitability of a busbar system as a function of the short-circuit current and of the protective devices.

Veriﬁcation of short-circuit withstand strength The veriﬁcation of the short-circuit withstand strength is dealt with in the Standard IEC 60439-1, where, in particular, the cases requiring this veriﬁcation and the different types of veriﬁcation are speciﬁed. The veriﬁcation of the short-circuit withstand strength is not required if the following conditions are fulﬁlled: • For switchboards having a rated short-time current (Icw) or rated conditional current (Ik) not exceeding 10 kA. • For switchboards protected by current limiting devices having a cut-off current not exceeding 17 kA at the maximum allowable prospective short-circuit current at the terminals of the incoming circuit of the switchboard. • For auxiliary circuits of switchboards intended to be connected to transformers whose rated power does not exceed 10 kVA for a rated secondary voltage of not less than 110 V, or 1.6 kVA for a rated secondary voltage less than 110 V, and whose short-circuit impedance is not less than 4%. • For all the parts of switchboards (busbars, busbar supports, connections to busbars, incoming and outgoing units, switching and protective devices, etc.) which have already been subjected to type tests valid for conditions in the switchboard. Therefore, from an engineering point of view, the need to verify the short-circuit withstand strength may be viewed as follows:

Icw of switchboard ≤ 10 kA or Ik conditional current of switchboard ≤ 10 kA

NO

YES

The condition

YES

Ip ≤ 17 kA is satisfied for the cut-off current of the protective circuit-breaker at the maximum allowable prospective short-circuit current

NO Verification not required

Verification required

As regards the details of the test performance, reference shall be made directly to the Standard IEC 60439-1. 202

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Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

Short-circuit current and suitability of the switchboard for the plant

The rated short-time withstand current of the switchboard Icw (r.m.s.value) is known

The veriﬁcation of the short-circuit withstand strength is based on two values stated by the manufacturer in alternative to each other: - the rated short-time current Icw - the rated conditional short-circuit current Ik Based on one of these two values, it is possible to determine whether the switchboard is suitable to be installed in a particular point of the system. It shall be necessary to verify that the breaking capacities of the apparatus inside the switchboard are compatible with the short-circuit values of the system.

Ik (prospective, of the plant) < Icw (of the switchboard)

NO

YES

The rated short-time withstand current Icw is a predeﬁned r.m.s. value of test current, to which a determined peak value applied to the test circuit of the switchboard for a speciﬁed time (usually 1s) corresponds. The switchboard shall be able to withstand the thermal and electro-dynamical stresses without damages or deformations which could compromise the operation of the system. From this test (if passed) it is possible to obtain the speciﬁc let-through energy (I2t) which can be carried by the switchboard:

YES

On the supply side of the switchboard a circuit-breaker is installed, which for the prospective Ik has I2t < I2t (of the switchboard) and a cut-off current Ip < Ip (switchboard)

NO

I2t = Icw2t The test shall be carried out at a power factor value speciﬁed below in the Table 4 of the Std. IEC 60439-1. A factor “n” corresponding at this cosϕ value allows to determine the peak value of the short-circuit current withstood by the switchboard through the following formula:

Switchboard not suitable

Switchboard suitable

Ip = Icw . n Table 4 power factor r.m.s. value of short-circuit current cosϕ n I ≤ 5 kA 0.7 1.5 5
The conditional short-circuit current is a predetermined r.m.s. value of test current to which a deﬁned peak value corresponds and which can be withstand by the switchboard during the operating time of a speciﬁed protective device. This devices is usually the main circuit-breaker of the switchboard. By comparing the two values Icw and Ip with the prospective short-circuit current of the plant, it is possible to establish whether the switchboard is suitable to be installed at a speciﬁed point of the system. The following diagrams show the method to determine the compatibility of the switchboard with the plant. 204

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The conditional short-circuit current of the switchboard (r.m.s.value) is known

Ik (prospective, of the plant) < Ik (conditional current of the switchboard) (with a specified protective device)

YES Switchboard suitable

NO Switchboard not suitable

The breaking capacities of the apparatus inside the switchboard shall be veriﬁed to be compatible with the short-circuit values of the plant.

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Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

Example

Selection of the distribution system in relation to shortcircuit withstand strength

Plant data:

Rated voltage Ur=400 V Rated frequency fr=50Hz Short-circuit current Ik=35kA

Assume that in an existing system there is a switchboard with Icw equal to 35kA and that, at the installation point of the switchboard, the prospective short-circuit current is equal to 35kA. Now assume that an increase in the power supply of a plant is decided and that the short-circuit value rises to 60 kA. Plant data after the increase: Rated voltage Ur=400 V Rated frequency fr=50Hz Short-circuit current Ik=60kA Since the Icw of the switchboard is lower than the short-circuit current of the system, in order to verify that the actual switchboard is still compatible, it is necessary to: - determine the I2t and Ip values let-through by the circuit-breaker on the supply side of the switchboard - verify that the protective devices installed inside the switchboard have a sufﬁcient breaking capacity (separately or in back-up)

Icw = 35kA from which: I2t switchboard = 352x1 =1225 MA2s Ipswitchboard = 73.5 kA (according to Table 4) Assuming that on the supply side of the switchboard a circuit-breaker type Tmax T5H (Icu=70kA@415V) is installed I2tCB < 4MA2s IpCB < 40kA since I2tswitchboard > I2tCB Ipswitchboard > IpCB

The dimensioning of the distribution system of the switchboard is obtained by taking into consideration the rated current ﬂowing through it and the prospective short-circuit current of the plant. The manufacturer usually provides tables which allow the choice of the busbar cross-section as a function of the rated current and give the mounting distances of the busbar supports to ensure the short-circuit withstand strength. To select a distribution system compatible with the short-circuit data of the plant, one of these procedures shall be followed: • If the protective device on the supply side of the distribution system is known From the Icw value of the distribution system it results: Ik syst = Icw.n where n is the factor deduced from the Table 4 I2t syst = Icw2.t where t is equal to 1 s In correspondence with the prospective short-circuit current value of the plant the following values can be determined: the cut-off current of the circuit-breaker IpCB the speciﬁc let-through energy of the circuit-breaker I2tCB If IpCB
Ik (prospective) + circuit-breaker

Iksyst = Icw . n

IpCB

I2tsyst = Icw2 . t

I2tCB

IpCB < Ipsyst and I2tCB
NO

YES

it results that the switchboard (structure and busbar system) is suitable. Assume that the circuit-breakers installed inside the switchboard are circuitbreakers type T1, T2 and T3 version N with Icu=36kA@415V. From the back-up tables (see Chapter 4.3), it results that the circuit-breakers inside the switchboard are suitable for the plant, since their breaking capacity is increased to 65 kA thanks to the circuit-breaker type T5H on the supply side.

System suitable

System not suitable

• If the protective device on the supply side of the distribution system is not known The following condition must be fulﬁlled:

Ik (prospective) < Icw (system) 206

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Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

Example

Selection of conductors on the supply side of the protective devices

Plant data:

Rated voltage Ur=400 V Rated frequency fr=50Hz Short-circuit current Ik=65kA

The Standard IEC 60439-1 prescribes that in a switchboard, the active conductors (distribution busbars included) positioned between the main busbars and the supply side of the single functional units, as well as the constructional components of these units, can be dimensioned according to the reduced short-circuit stresses which occur on the load side of the short-circuit protective device of the unit.

By considering the need of using a system of 400 A busbars with shaped form, in the ABB SACE catalogue “ArTu distribution switchboards” the following choice is possible: BA0400 In=400 A (IP65) Icw=35kA.

This may be possible if the conductors are installed in such a way throughout the switchboard that, under normal operating conditions, an internal short-circuit between phases and/or between phase and earth is only a remote possibility. It is advisable that such conductors are of solid rigid manufacture. As an example, this Standard gives conductor types and installation requirements which allow to consider a short-circuit between phases and/or between phase and earth only a remote possibility.

By assuming to have on the supply side of the busbar system a moulded-case circuit-breaker type ABB SACE Tmax T5400 In400 from the Icw of the busbar system, it derives: Ip syst = Icw.n = 35 . 2.1 = 73.5 [kA] I2t syst = Icw2.t = 352 . 1 = 1225 [(kA)2 s] From the curves - Ik 65kA corresponds at about - Ik 65kA corresponds at about

IpCB=35 kA I2tCB=4 [(kA)2s]= 4 [MA2sec]

Thus, since IpCB < Ipsyst and I2tCB < I2tsyst it results that the busbar system is compatible with the switchboard.

Type of conductor

Requirements

Bare conductors or single-core conductors with basic insulation, for example cables according to IEC 60227-3.

Mutual contact or contact with conductive parts shall be avoided, for example by use of spacers.

Single-core conductors with basic insulation and a maximum permissible conductor-operating temperature above 90°C, for example cables according to IEC 60245-3, or heatresistant PVC insulated cables according to IEC 60227-3.

Mutual contact or contact with conductive parts is permitted where there is no applied external pressure. Contact with sharp edges must be avoided. There must be no risk of mechanical damage. These conductors may only be loaded such that an operating temperature of 70°C is not exceeded.

Conductors with basic insulation, for example cables according to IEC 60227-3, having additional secondary insulation, for example individually covered cables with shrink sleeving or individually run cables in plastic conduits. Conductors insulated with a very high mechanical strength material, for example FTFE insulation, or double-insulated conductors with an enhanced outer sheath rated for use up to 3 kV, for example cables according to IEC 60502.

No additional requirements if there is no risk of mechanical damage.

Single or multi-core sheathed cables, for example cables according to IEC 60245-4 or 60227-4. Under these conditions or if anyway the integral short-circuit may be considered a remote possibility, the above described procedure shall be used to verify the suitability of the distribution system to the short-circuit conditions, when these are determined as a function of the characteristics of the circuit-breakers on the load side of the busbars. 208

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Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects

Annex A: Protection against short-circuit effects inside low-voltage switchboards

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Example

The calculation method suggested in the Standard IEC 60890 makes it possible to evaluate the temperature rise inside an assembly (PTTA); this method is applicable only if the following conditions are met: • there is an approximately even distribution of power losses inside the enclosure; • the installed equipment is arranged in a way that air circulation is only slightly impeded; • the equipment installed is designed for direct current or alternating current up to and including 60 Hz with the total of supply currents not exceeding 3150 A; • conductors carrying high currents and structural parts are arranged in a way that eddy-current losses are negligible; • for enclosures with ventilating openings, the cross-section of the air outlet openings is at least 1.1 times the cross-section of the air inlet openings; • there are no more than three horizontal partitions in the PTTA or a section of it; • where enclosures with external ventilation openings have compartments, the surface of the ventilation openings in each horizontal partition shall be at least 50% of the horizontal cross section of the compartment.

Plant data: Rated voltage Ur=400 V Rated frequency fr=50Hz Short-circuit current Ik=45kA

T2 160 T2 160

In the switchboard shown in the ﬁgure, the vertical distribution busbars are T3 250 derived from the main busbars. These are 800 A busbars with shaped section and with the following characteristics: T3 250 In (IP65) = 800 A, Icw max = 35 kA Since it is a “rigid” system with spacers, T3 250 according to the Std. IEC 60439-1 a short-circuit between busbars is a remote possibility. Anyway, a veriﬁcation that the stresses reduced by the circuit-breakers on the load side of the system are compatible with the system is required. Assuming that in the cubicles there are the following circuit-breakers: ABB SACE T3S250 ABB SACE T2S160 it is necessary to verify that, in the case of a short-circuit on any outgoing conductor, the limitations created by the circuit-breaker are compatible with the busbar system; to comply with this requirement, at the maximum allowable prospective short-circuit current, the circuit-breaker with higher cut-off current and let-through energy must have an adequate current limiting capability for the busbar system. In this case the circuit-breaker is type ABB SACE T3S250 In250. The veriﬁcation shall be carried out as in the previous paragraph: From the Icw of the busbar system, it derives: Ip syst = Icw.n = 35 . 2.1 = 73.5 I2t syst = Icw2.t = 352 . 1 = 1225

The data necessary for the calculation are: - dimensions of the enclosure: height, width, depth; - the type of installation of the enclosure (see Table 8); - presence of ventilation openings; - number of internal horizontal partitions; - the power loss of the equipment installed in the enclosure (see Tables 13 and 14); - the power loss of the conductors inside the enclosure, equal to the sum of the power loss of every conductor, according to Tables 1, 2 and 3. For equipment and conductors not fully loaded, it is possible to evaluate the power loss as:

P = Pn

[kA] [(kA)2 s]

From the limitation and let-through energy curves - Ik = 45kA corresponds at about IpCB=30 kA - Ik = 45kA corresponds at about I2tCB=2 [(kA)2s] Thus, since IpCB
2

( II ) (1) b

n

where: P is the actual power loss; Pn is the rated power loss (at Ir); Ib is the actual current; In is the rated current.

it results that the busbar system is compatible with the switchboard.

210

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

211

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Table 1: Operating current and power losses of insulated conductors

Table 2: Operating current and power losses of bare conductors, in vertical arrangement without direct connections to apparatus

Maximum permissible conductor temperature 70 °C d

Width Crossx section Thickness (Cu)

Air temperature inside the enclosure around the conductors

0.9 1.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 3.4 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.2 7.2 8.3 8.8 9.4 10.3 11.4

Conductors for auxiliary circuits

5.4 6.1

12 x 2 15 x 2 15 x 3 20 x 2 20 x 3 20 x 5 20 x 10 25 x 5 30 x 5 30 x 10 40 x 5 40 x 10 50 x 5 50 x 10 60 x 5 60 x 10 80 x 5 80 x 10 100 x 5 100 x 10 120 x 10

23.5 29.5 44.5 39.5 59.5 99.1 199 124 149 299 199 399 249 499 299 599 399 799 499 999 1200

A* W/m A** W/m 144 170 215 215 271 364 568 435 504 762 641 951 775 1133 915 1310 1170 1649 1436 1982 2314

19.5 21.7 23.1 26.1 27.6 29.9 36.9 34.1 38.4 44.4 47.0 52.7 55.7 60.9 64.1 68.5 80.7 85.0 100.1 101.7 115.5

*) one conductor per phase

1) Any arrangement desired with the values specified referring to six cores in a multi-core bundle with a simultaneous load 100% 2) single length

212

mm 2

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

242 282 375 351 463 665 1097 779 894 1410 1112 1716 1322 2008 1530 2288 1929 2806 2301 3298 3804

27.5 29.9 35.2 34.8 40.2 49.8 69.2 55.4 60.6 77.9 72.5 88.9 82.9 102.9 94.2 116.2 116.4 138.7 137.0 164.2 187.3

A* W/m A** W/m 144 170 215 215 271 364 569 435 505 770 644 968 782 1164 926 1357 1200 1742 1476 2128 2514

19.5 21.7 23.1 26.1 27.6 29.9 36.7 34.1 38.2 44.8 47.0 52.6 55.4 61.4 64.7 69.5 80.8 85.1 98.7 102.6 115.9

242 282 375 354 463 668 1107 78 899 1436 1128 1796 1357 2141 1583 2487 2035 3165 2407 3844 4509

27.5 29.9 35.2 35.4 40.2 50.3 69.6 55.6 60.7 77.8 72.3 90.5 83.4 103.8 94.6 117.8 116.1 140.4 121.2 169.9 189.9

**) two conductors per phase

A* W/m A** W/m 105 124 157 157 198 266 414 317 368 556 468 694 566 826 667 955 858 1203 1048 1445 1688

10.4 11.6 12.3 13.9 14.7 16.0 19.6 18.1 20.5 27.7 25.0 28.1 29.7 32.3 34.1 36.4 42.9 45.3 53.3 54.0 61.5

177 206 274 256 338 485 800 568 652 1028 811 1251 964 1465 1116 1668 1407 2047 1678 2406 2774

14.7 16.0 18.8 18.5 21.4 26.5 36.8 29.5 32.3 41.4 38.5 47.3 44.1 54.8 50.1 62.0 61.9 73.8 72.9 84.4 99.6

A* W/m A** W/m 105 124 157 157 198 266 415 317 369 562 469 706 570 849 675 989 875 1271 1077 1552 1833

10.4 11.6 12.3 12.3 14.7 16.0 19.5 18.1 20.4 23.9 24.9 28.0 29.4 32.7 34.4 36.9 42.9 45.3 52.5 54.6 61.6

177 206 274 258 338 487 807 572 656 1048 586 1310 989 1562 1154 1814 1484 1756 1756 2803 3288

14.7 16.0 18.8 18.8 21.4 26.7 37.0 29.5 32.3 41.5 38.5 48.1 44.3 55.3 50.3 62.7 61.8 74.8 69.8 90.4 101.0

1) single length

1SDC008040F0201

8.2 9.3

Diam. 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 -

mm x mm

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

213

1SDC008041F0201

W/m

8 12 20 25 32 50 65 85 115 149 175 210 239 273 322 371

power losses 1)

A

2.1 3.5 3.4 3.7 5.2 5.8 6.3 7.9 10.5 9.9 11.9 11.7 11.7 15.4 15.9 17.5

operating current

W/m

12 20 25 32 50 65 85 115 150 175 225 250 275 350 400 460

power losses 1)

A

0.9 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.6 5.0 5.6

0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

dc and ac to 16 2/3 Hz

operating current

W/m

8 12 18 23 31 42 55 67 85 105 125 147 167 191 225 260

power losses 1)

A

2.1 3.5 3.4 3.7 4.8 5.6 6.3 7.5 7.9 8.4 8.7 9.6 11.7 10.9 12.0 13.2

operating current

power losses 2)

W/m

12 20 25 32 48 64 85 104 130 161 192 226 275 295 347 400

power losses 1)

operating current

A

0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6

operating current

power losses 2)

W/m

8 11 14 18 25 34

power losses 1)

operating current

A

2.1 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.7

1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.9 3.1 4.2

50 Hz to 60 Hz ac

dc and ac to 16 2/3 Hz

operating current

power losses 2)

W/m

12 17 22 28 38 52

1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.8

50 Hz to 60 Hz ac

power losses 1)

operating current

A

1.5 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300

2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.4 4.7 6.4

Air temperature inside the enclosure around the conductors 55 °C

operating current

power losses 2)

mm 2

0.12 0.14 0.20 0.22 0.30 0.34 0.50 0.56 0.75 1.00

Air temperature inside the enclosure around the conductors 35 °C

55 °C

operating current

35 °C

power losses 2)

55 °C

operating current

35 °C

power losses 2)

55 °C

operating current

35 °C

Maximum permissible conductor temperature 85 °C

operating current

d

power losses 1)

d

operating current

d

1)

power losses 1)

Crosssection (Cu)

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Width x Thickness

Crosssection (Cu)

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Table 3: Operating current and power losses of bare conductors used as connections between apparatus and busbars

Where enclosures without vertical partitions or individual sections have an effective cooling surface greater than about 11.5 m or a width grater than about 1.5 m, they should be divided for the calculation into ﬁctitious sections, whose dimensions approximate to the foregoing values.

Maximum permissible conductor temperature 65 °C Air temperature inside the enclosure around the conductors 35 °C

Air temperature inside the enclosure around the conductors 55 °C

50 Hz to 60 Hz ac and dc

The following diagram shows the procedure to evaluate the temperature rise.

50 Hz to 60 Hz ac and dc

START

operating current

power losses 1)

operating current

power losses 1)

operating current

power losses 1)

mm 2

A*

W/m

A**

W/m

A*

W/m

A**

W/m

12 x 2 15 x 2 15 x 3 20 x 2 20 x 3 20 x 5 20 x 10 25 x 5 30 x 5 30 x 10 40 x 5 40 x 10 50 x 5 50 x 10 60 x 5 60 x 10 80 x 5 80 x 10 100 x 5 100 x 10 120 x 10

23.5 29.5 44.5 39.5 59.5 99.1 199 124 149 299 199 399 249 499 299 599 399 799 499 999 1200

82 96 124 115 152 218 348 253 288 482 348 648 413 805 492 960 648 1256 805 1560 1848

5.9 6.4 7.1 6.9 8.0 9.9 12.8 10.7 11.6 17.2 12.8 22.7 14.7 28.5 17.2 34.1 22.7 45.8 29.2 58.4 68.3

130 150 202 184 249 348 648 413 492 960 648 1245 805 1560 960 1848 1256 2432 1560 2680 2928

7.4 7.8 9.5 8.9 10.8 12.7 22.3 14.2 16.9 32.7 22.3 41.9 27.9 53.5 32.7 63.2 42.6 85.8 54.8 86.2 85.7

69 88 102 93 125 174 284 204 233 402 284 532 338 660 402 780 532 1032 660 1280 1524

4.2 5.4 4.8 4.5 5.4 6.3 8.6 7.0 7.6 11.5 8.6 15.3 9.8 19.2 11.5 22.5 15.3 30.9 19.6 39.3 46.5

105 124 162 172 198 284 532 338 402 780 532 1032 655 1280 780 1524 1032 1920 1280 2180 2400

4.9 5.4 6.1 7.7 6.8 8.4 15.0 9.5 11.3 21.6 15.0 28.8 18,5 36.0 21.6 43.0 28.8 53.5 36.9 57.0 57.6

*) one conductor per phase

**) two conductors per phase

1) single length

f=

h1.35 Ab

yes

yes

c (Tab.10)

with ventilation openings?

Ae > 1.25 mm2

d (Tab.5)

k (Tab.9)

k (Tab.7)

x = 0.715

x = 0.804

∆t1

=

=

g=

f

=

h1.35 Ab

no

d (Tab.6)

∆t0.5

no

c (Tab.8)

d . k . Px

c . ∆t0.5

h w c (Tab.12)

1SDC008043F0201

power losses 1)

mm x mm

b (Tab.4)

1SDC008042F0201

operating current

Ae = ∑ (Ao . b)

k (Tab.11) x = 0.804

∆t0.75 = ∆t1 = c .∆t0.5

214

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

∆t0.5 = k . Px

215

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Table 4: Surface factor b according to the type of installation

Table 8: Temperature distribution factor c for enclosures without ventilation openings, with an effective cooling surface Ae > 1.25 m2

Surface factor b

Exposed top surface 1.4 Covered top surface, e.g. of built-in enclosures 0.7 Exposed side faces, e.g. front, rear and side walls 0.9 Covered side faces, e.g. rear side of wall-mounted enclosures 0.5 Side faces of central enclosures 0.5 Floor surface Not taken into account

f=

Table 5: Factor d for enclosures without ventilation openings and with an effective cooling surface Ae > 1.25 m2 Factor d 1 1.05 1.15 1.3

Table 6: Factor d for enclosures with ventilation openings and with an effective cooling surface Ae > 1.25 m2 Number of horizontal partitions n 0 1 2 3

Factor d 1 1.05 1.1 1.15

216

k 0.524 0.45 0.35 0.275 0.225 0.2 0.185 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14

Ae [m2] 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5

1 1.225 1.24 1.265 1.285 1.31 1.325 1.35 1.37 1.395 1.415 1.435 1.45 1.47 1.48 1.495 1.51 1.52 1.535 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.575 1.585 1.59 1.6

Type of installation 2 3 4 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.225 1.21 1.185 1.245 1.23 1.21 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.29 1.275 1.25 1.31 1.295 1.27 1.33 1.315 1.29 1.355 1.34 1.32 1.375 1.36 1.34 1.395 1.38 1.36 1.415 1.4 1.38 1.435 1.42 1.395 1.45 1.435 1.41 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.48 1.465 1.44 1.49 1.475 1.455 1.505 1.49 1.47 1.52 1.5 1.48 1.53 1.515 1.49 1.54 1.52 1.5 1.55 1.535 1.51 1.565 1.549 1.52 1.57 1.55 1.525 1.58 1.56 1.535 1.585 1.57 1.54

5 1.113 1.14 1.17 1.19 1.21 1.23 1.255 1.275 1.295 1.32 1.34 1.355 1.37 1.39 1.4 1.415 1.43 1.44 1.455 1.47 1.475 1.485 1.49 1.5 1.51

where h is the height of the enclosure, and Ab is the area of the base. For “Type of installation”:

Table 7: Enclosure constant k for enclosures without ventilation openings, with an effective cooling surface Ae > 1.25 m2 Ae [m2] 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

Ab 0.6 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5

Fictitious side faces of sections which have been introduced only for calculation purposes are not taken into account

Number of horizontal partitions n 0 1 2 3

h1.35

k 0.135 0.13 0.125 0.12 0.115 0.11 0.105 0.1 0.095 0.09 0.085

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Type of installation n° 1 Separate enclosure, detached on all sides 2 First or last enclosure, detached type Separate enclosure for wall-mounting 3 Central enclosure, detached type 1SDC008069F0001

Type of installation

First or last enclosure, wall-mounting type 4 Central enclosure for wall-mounting and with covered top surface 5 Central enclosure, wall-mounting type

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

217

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Table 11: Enclosure constant k for enclosures without ventilation openings and with an effective cooling surface Ae ≤ 1.25 m2

Table 9: Enclosure constant k for enclosures with ventilation openings and an effective cooling surface Ae > 1.25 m2 Ventilation opening in cm2

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

0.36 0.293 0.247 0.213 0.19 0.17 0.152 0.138 0.126 0.116 0.107 0.1 0.094 0.089

0.33 0.27 0.227 0.196 0.175 0.157 0.141 0.129 0.119 0.11 0.102 0.095 0.09 0.085

0.3 0.25 0.21 0.184 0.165 0.148 0.135 0.121 0.111 0.104 0.097 0.09 0.086 0.08

0.28 0.233 0.198 0.174 0.155 0.14 0.128 0.117 0.108 0.1 0.093 0.088 0.083 0.078

0.26 0.22 0.187 0.164 0.147 0.133 0.121 0.11 0.103 0.096 0.09 0.085 0.08 0.076

4

Ae [m2] 5

6

7

8

10

12

14

0.24 0.203 0.173 0.152 0.138 0.125 0.115 0.106 0.099 0.092 0.087 0.082 0.077 0.074

0.22 0.187 0.16 0.143 0.13 0.118 0.109 0.1 0.094 0.088 0.083 0.079 0.075 0.072

0.208 0.175 0.15 0.135 0.121 0.115 0.103 0.096 0.09 0.085 0.08 0.076 0.072 0.07

0.194 0.165 0.143 0.127 0.116 0.106 0.098 0.091 0.086 0.082 0.078 0.073 0.07 0.068

0.18 0.153 0.135 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.093 0.088 0.083 0.078 0.075 0.07 0.068 0.066

0.165 0.14 0.123 0.11 0.1 0.093 0.087 0.081 0.078 0.073 0.07 0.067 0.065 0.064

0.145 0.128 0.114 0.103 0.095 0.088 0.082 0.078 0.074 0.07 0.068 0.065 0.063 0.062

0.135 0.119 0.107 0.097 0.09 0.084 0.079 0.075 0.07 0.067 0.065 0.063 0.061 0.06

Table 10: Temperature distribution factor c for enclosures with ventilation openings and an effective cooling surface Ae > 1.25 m2 Ventilation opening in cm2 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

218

f= 1.5 1.3 1.41 1.5 1.56 1.61 1.65 1.68 1.71 1.74 1.76 1.77 1.8 1.81 1.83

2 1.35 1.46 1.55 1.61 1.65 1.69 1.72 1.75 1.77 1.79 1.82 1.83 1.85 1.87

3 1.43 1.55 1.63 1.67 1.73 1.75 1.78 1.81 1.83 1.85 1.88 1.88 1.9 1.92

4 1.5 1.62 1.69 1.75 1.78 1.82 1.85 1.87 1.88 1.9 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.96

h1.35 Ab

5 1.57 1.68 1.75 1.8 1.84 1.86 1.9 1.92 1.94 1.95 1.97 1.98 1.99 2

6 1.63 1.74 1.8 1.85 1.88 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.02 2.04 2.05

7 1.68 1.79 1.85 1.9 1.93 1.96 1.97 2 2.02 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08

8 1.74 1.84 1.9 1.94 1.97 2 2.02 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.08 2.09 2.1 2.12

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

9 1.78 1.88 1.94 1.97 2.01 2.03 2.05 2.07 2.08 2.1 2.11 2.12 2.14 2.15

10 1.83 1.92 1.97 2.01 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.1 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.17 2.18

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Ae [m2] 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6

k 3.973 3.643 3.371 2.5 2.022 1.716 1.5 1.339 1.213 1.113 1.029 0.960 0.9

Ae [m2] 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25

k 0.848 0.803 0.764 0.728 0.696 0.668 0.641 0.618 0.596 0.576 0.557 0.540 0.524

Table 12: Temperature distribution factor c for enclosures without ventilation openings and with an effective cooling surface Ae ≤ 1.25 m2 g 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

c 1 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.078 1.097 1.118 1.137 1.156 1.174 1.188 1.2 1.21 1.22 1.226

g 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

c 1.231 1.237 1.24 1.244 1.246 1.249 1.251 1.253 1.254 1.255 1.256 1.257 1.258 1.259

where g is the ratio of the height and the width of the enclosure.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

219

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890 Total (3/4 poles) power loss in W Releases In[A] T11P F 1 1.6 2 2.5 3.2 4 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 1.5 TMF 20 1.8 TMD 25 2 TMA 32 2.1 MF 40 2.6 MA 50 3.7 63 4.3 80 4.8 100 7 125 10.7 160 15 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 10 25 63 100 160 PR21… 250 PR22… 320 PR33… 400 630 800 1000 1250 1600

Table 14: Emax power losses

Table 13: MCCB power losses T1 F

4.5 5.4 6 6.3 7.8 11.1 12.9 14.4 21 32.1 45

F 4.5 6.3 7.5 7.8 8.7 7.8 8.7 10.5 8.1 9.3 3.3 4.2 5.1 6.9 8.1 11.7 12.9 15.3 18.3 25.5 36 51

T2

P 5.1 7.5 8.7 9 10.2 9 10.5 12.3 9.6 10.8 3.9 4.8 6 8.4 9.6 13.8 15 18 21.6 30 44.1 60

F

T3

P

F

T4

P/W

F

T5

P/W

F

T6

W

T7 S,H,L F W

F

T7 V

W

Total (3/4 poles) power loss in W In=630 In=800 In=1000 In=1250 In=1600 In=2000 In=2500 In=3200 In=4000 In=5000 In=6300

X1-BN F W 31 60 51 104 79 162 124 293 209 415

E1B-N F W

E2B-N-S F W

65 95 96 147 150 230 253 378

29 53 45 83 70 130 115 215 180 330

E2L F

105 170

165 265

E3N-S-H-V F W 22 38 60 85 130 205 330

36 58 90 150 225 350 570

F

E3L W

215 335

E4S-H-V F W

E6H-V F W

330 515 235 425 360 660

170 265 415 650

290 445 700 1100

11.1 11.1

Example

11.7 12.3 12.9 14.4 16.8 19.8 23.7 39.6 53.4

15.3 17.4 20.4 23.7 28.5 47.4 64.2

13.8 15.6 18.6 22.2 29.7 41.1

Hereunder an example of temperature rise evaluation for a switchboard with the following characteristics: - enclosure without ventilation openings - no internal segregation - separate enclosure for wall-mounting - one main circuit-breaker - 5 circuit-breakers for load supply - busbars and cable systems

15 17.4 21.6 27 37.2 52.8

91.8 93

90 118.8

Enclosure

Circuit diagram A

5.1 6.9 13.2 18 32.1 43.8 52.8 72

I1

B

C 31.8 53.7 49.5 84 123 160.8

I2 90 96 150

115 124.8

15 27 36 66 57.9 105.9 90 165 141 258 231 423

24 36 60 90 96 144 150 225 234.9 351.9

The values indicated in the table refer to balanced loads, with a current ﬂow equal to the In, and are valid for both circuit-breakers and switch-disconnectors, three-pole and four-pole versions. For the latter, the current of the neutral is nil by deﬁnition.

IG

IG I1

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

I2

I3

I4

I5

D I3

D

E I4

H

F I5

Dimensions [mm] Number of horizontal

Height Width Depth 2000

220

W

10.8 10.8

40.8 62.7 58.5 93 86.4 110.1

1.5 1.8 3 3.6 10.5 12 24 27.6 51 60

X1-L F W 61 90 99 145 155 227 242 354

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1440

840

partitions = 0

Separate enclosure for wall-mounting

W

221

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890

The power losses from each component of the above switchboard are evaluated hereunder. Ib 2 For the circuit-breakers, the power losses are calculated as P = Pn In with In and Pn given in the Tables 14 and 15. The table below shows the values relevant to each circuit-breaker of the switchboard in question:

For the cables connecting the circuit-breakers to the supply and the loads, the 2 power losses are calculated as P = Pn Ib . (3 . Length) , with In and Pn In given in the Table 4.

( )

( )

Circuit-breakers IG E2 1600 EL I1 T5 400 EL I2 T5 400 EL I3 T5 400 EL I4 T3 250 TMD I5 T3 250 TMD Total power loss of circuit-breakers [W]

In CB [A] 1600 400 400 400 250 250

Ib [A] 1340 330 330 330 175 175

Power losses [W] 80.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 26.2 26.2 234

For the busbars, the power losses are calculated as P = Pn with In and Pn given in the Table 2. The table below shows the power losses of busbars: Cross-section Busbars nx[mm]x[mm] A 2x60x10 B 80x10 C 80x10 D 80x10 E 80x10 F 80x10 Total power loss of busbars [W]

Length [m] 0.393 0.332 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300

Ib [A] 1340 1340 1010 680 350 175

( In ) . (3 . Length) Ib

2

Power losses [W] 47.2 56 28.7 13 3.5 0.9 149

For the bare conductors connecting the busbars to the circuit-breakers, the Ib 2 . (3 . Lenght) , with In and Pn power losses are calculated as P = Pn In given in the Table 2. Here below the values for each section:

( )

Connection Cross-section bare conductors nx[mm]x[mm] Ig 2x60x10 I1 30x10 I2 30x10 I3 30x10 I4 20x10 I5 20x10 Total power loss of bare conductors [W]

222

Length [m] 0.450 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150

Ib [A] 1340 330 330 330 175 175

Here below the power losses for each connection:

Cables

Cross-section [n]xmm2 IG 4x240 I1 240 I2 240 I3 240 I4 120 I5 120 Total power loss of cables [W]

Length [m] 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.8

Ib [A] 1340 330 330 330 175 175

Power losses [W] 133.8 64.9 55.2 45.4 19 13.8 332

Thus, the total power loss inside the enclosure is: P = 784 [W] From the geometrical dimensions of the switchboard, the effective cooling surface Ae is determined below:

Top Front Rear Left-hand side Right-hand side

Dimensions[m]x[m] 0.840x1.44 2x1.44 2x1.44 2x0.840 2x0.840

A0[m2] 1.21 1.64 1.64 1.68 1.68

b factor 1.4 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 Ae=Σ(A0⋅b)

A0 1.69 2.59 1.44 1.51 1.51 8.75

Making reference to the procedure described in the diagram at page 207, it is possible to evaluate the temperature rise inside the switchboard.

Power losses [W] 54 3.8 3.8 3.8 1.6 1.6 68

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

223

Annex B: temperature rise evaluation

Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation according to IEC 60890 From Table 7, k results 0.112 (value interpolated) Since x = 0.804, the temperature rise at half the height of the enclosure is: Δt0.5 = d ⋅ k ⋅ Px =1 ⋅ 0.112 ⋅ 7840.804 = 23.8 k For the evaluation of the temperature rise at the top of the enclosure, it is necessary to determine the c factor by using the f factor: 21.35 = = 2.107 (Ab is the base area of the switchboard) Ab 1.44 ⋅ 0.84 From Table 8, column 3 (separate enclosure for wall-mounting), c results to be equal to1.255 (value interpolated). f=

h1.35

Δt1 = c ⋅ Δt0.5 = 1.255 ⋅ 23.8 = 29.8 k Considering 35°C ambient temperature, as prescribed by the Standard, the following temperatures shall be reached inside the enclosure: t0.5 = 35 + 23.8 ≈ 59°C t1 = 35 + 29.8 ≈ 65°C Assuming that the temperature derating of the circuit-breakers inside the switchboard can be compared to the derating at an ambient temperature different from 40°C, through the tables of Chapter 3.5, it is possible to verify if the selected circuit-breakers can carry the required currents: E2 1600 at 65°C T5 400 at 65°C T3 250 at 60° C

In=1538[A] In=384 [A] In=216 [A]

> > >

Ig = 1340 [A] I1 = I2 = I3 = 330 [A] I4 = I5 = 175 [A]

Annex C: Application examples Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases Dual Setting

Thanks to the new PR123 and PR333 releases, it is possible to program two different sets of parameters and, through an external command, to switch from one set to the other. This function is useful when there is an emergency source (generator) in the system, only supplying voltage in the case of a power loss on the network side. Example: In the system described below, in the case of a loss of the normal supply on the network side, by means of ABB SACE ATS010 automatic transfer switch, it is possible to switch the supply from the network to the emergency power unit and to disconnect the non-primary loads by opening the QS1 switch-disconnector. Under normal service conditions of the installation, the circuit-breakers C are set in order to be selective with both circuit-breaker A, on the supply side, as well as with circuit-breakers D on the load side. By switching from the network to the emergency power unit, circuit-breaker B becomes the reference circuit-breaker on the supply side of circuit-breakers C. This circuit-breaker, being the protection of a generator, must be set to trip times shorter than A and therefore the setting values of the circuit-breakers on the load side might not guarantee the selectivity with B. By means of the “dual setting” function of the PR123 and PR 333 releases, it is possible to switch circuit-breakers C from a parameter set which guarantees selectivity with A, to another set which make them selective with B. However, these new settings could make the combination between circuitbreakers C and the circuit-breakers on the load side non-selective.

U TM1 Un2=400V

G

A

B

QS1

E

GS1 Un=400V

C

C

C

1SDC008049F0201

non-priority loads

QS2 D

224

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

D

D

225

Annex C: Application examples

Annex C: Application examples Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases

Annex C: Application examples Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases

Time current curves

Double G

The Emax type circuit-breakers, equipped with the PR123 and PR333 electronic releases, allow two independent curves for protection G: -one for the internal protection (function G without external toroid); -one for the external protection (function G with external toroid)

103s

A

102s 10s

D

C

10-1s 10-2s

1kA

Time current The ﬁgure at the side curves shows the situation in 103s which, after switching, the power is sup102s plied by the power unit through circuit-breaker 10s B. If the settings of circuit-breakers C are 1s not modiﬁed, there will be no selectivity with the main circuit-breaker B. 10-1s

102kA

10kA

103kA

B

C

D

10-2s 10-3s Time current curves

10kA

102kA

103kA

Trasformer secondary winding L1 Emax internal CTs

103s

L2

B

102s L3

10s N

D

1s

PE

10-1s C

10-2s 10-3s

226

Figure 1

1SDC008050F0201

This last ﬁgure shows how it is possible to switch to a set of parameters which guarantees selectivity of circuit-breakers C with B by means of the “dual setting” function.

1kA

A typical application of function double G consists in simultaneous protection both against earth fault of the secondary of the transformer and of its connection cables to the circuit-breaker terminals (restricted earth fault protection), as well as against earth faults on the load side of the circuit-breaker (outside the restricted earth fault protection).

Example: Figure 1 shows a fault on the load side of an Emax circuit-breaker: the fault current ﬂows through one phase only and, if the vectorial sum of the currents detected by the four current transformers (CTs) results to be higher than the set threshold, the electronic release activates function G (and the circuitbreaker trips). 1SDC008081F0001

10-3s

1SDC008080F0001

1s

1kA

10kA

102kA

103kA

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1SDC008082F0001

The ﬁgure at the side shows the time-current curves of the installation under normal service conditions. The values set allow no intersection of the curves.

Annex C: Application examples

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

227

Annex C: Application examples

Annex C: Application examples

Annex C: Application examples Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases

Annex C: Application examples Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases With the same conﬁguration, a fault on the supply side of the circuit-breaker (Figure 2) does not cause intervention of function G since the fault current does not affect either the CT of the phase or that of the neutral.

If, with the same conﬁguration as Figure 3, the fault occurs on the load side of the Emax circuit-breaker, the fault current would affect both the toroid as well as the current transformers on the phases. To deﬁne which circuit-breaker is to trip (MV or LV circuit-breaker), suitable coordination of the trip times is required: in particular, it is necessary to set the times so that LV circuit-breaker opening due to internal function G is faster than realization of the alarm signal coming from the external toroid. Therefore, thanks to the time-current discrimination between the two G protection functions, before the MV circuit-breaker on the primary of the transformer receives the trip command, the circuit-breaker on the LV side is able to eliminate the earth fault. Obviously, if the fault occurred on the supply side of the LV circuit-breaker, only the circuit-breaker on the MV side would trip.

Figure 2 Trasformer secondary winding L1 Emax internal CTs L2

PE

The table shows the main characteristics of the range of toroids (available only in the closed version). Characteristics of the toroid ranges Rated current

100 A, 250 A, 400 A, 800 A

Outer dimensions of the tooid

The use of function “double G” allows installation of an external toroid, as shown in Figure 3, so that earth faults on the supply side of Emax CB can be detected as well. In this case, the alarm contact of the second G is exploited in order to trip the circuit-breaker installed on the primary and to ensure fault disconnection.

W = 165 mm H W

Figure 3

D

Internal diameter of the toroid

D = 160 mm 1SDC008053F0201

N

1SDC008051F0201

L3

H = 112 mm Ø = 112 mm

Trasformer secondary winding L1 Emax internal CTs L2

L3 N PE

228

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1SDC008052F0201

External toroid

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

229

Annex C: Application examples

Annex C: Application examples

Annex C: Application examples Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases

Annex C: Application examples Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases

Double S

Solution with a release without “double S”

Thanks to the new PR123 and PR333 releases, which allows two thresholds of protection function S to be set independently and be activated simultaneously, selectivity can also be achieved under highly critical conditions. Here is an example of how, by using the new release, it is possible to obtain a better selectivity level compared with the use of a release without “double S”. This is the wiring diagram of the system under examination; in particular, attention must be focussed on:

Time current curves @ 400V

104s

T5 630

E2 1250

103s

PR521 Ik

102s 10s 1s

LV/LV Trans. 315kVA 1SDC008083F0001

- the presence, on the supply side, of a MV circuit-breaker, which, for selectivity reasons, imposes low setting values for the Emax circuit-breaker on the LV side - the presence of a LV/LV transformer which, due to the inrush currents, imposes high setting values for the circuit-breakers on its primary side

10-1s 10-2s

U

Uref = 20000 V

10-1kA

MV CB (PR521) 50 (I>): 50A 51 (I>>): 500A

MV CB Un1 = 20000 V Un2 = 400 V Sn = 800 kVA MV/LV Transformer WC1

L

Setting Curve S t=constant Setting Curve I Setting

E2 1250 Ik = 22.6 kA

230

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

1SDC008054F0201

T5 630 PR222

Un1 = 400 V Un2 = 230 V Sn = 315 kVA MV/LV Transformer

1kA

10kA

t=0.5s t=0s

E2N 1250 PR122 LSIG R1250 0.8 108s 3.5 0.5s OFF

T5V 630 PR222DS/P LSIG R630 0.74 12s 4.2 0.25s 7

In the case of a short-circuit, the Emax E2 circuit-breaker and the MV circuitbreaker will open simultaneously with this solution. Attention must be paid to the fact that, owing to the value Ik, function I of the E2 circuit-breaker has to be disabled (I3=OFF) so that selectivity with the T5 on the load side is guaranteed.

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

231

Annex C: Application examples

Annex C: Application examples Advanced protection functions with PR123/P and PR333/P releases Solution with the PR123 release with “double S” Time current 104s curves @ 400V 103s

T5 630

E2 1250

PR521 Ik

102s 10s

LV/LV Trans. 315kVA 1SDC008084F0001

1s 10-1s 10-2s

10-1kA

1kA

MV CB (PR521) 50 (I>): 50A 51 (I>>): 500A

L

Setting Curve S t=constant Setting Curve S2 t=constant Curve I Setting

10kA

t=0.5s t=0s

E2N 1250 PR123 LSIG R1250 0.8 108s 3.5 0.5s Setting 0.05s OFF

T5V 630 PR222DS/P LSIG R630 0.74 12s 4.2 0.25s 5 7

As evident, by means of the “double S” function, selectivity can be achieved both with the T5 circuit-breaker on the load side as well as with the MV circuitbreaker on the supply side. A further advantage obtained by using the “double S” function is the reduction in the time of permanence of high current values under short-circuit conditions, which results in lower thermal and dynamic stresses on the busbars and on the other installation components.

232

ABB SACE - Protection and control devices

Electrical installation handbook Volume 1 th

5 edition

1SDC008001D0205

1SDC008001D0205 Printed in Italy

03/07

Protection and control devices

Due to possible developments of standards as well as of materials, the characteristics and dimensions specified in this document may only be considered binding after confirmation by ABB SACE.

ABB SACE S.p.A. An ABB Group Company

L.V. Breakers Via Baioni, 35 24123 Bergamo - Italy Tel.: +39 035.395.111 - Telefax: +39 035.395.306-433 http://www.abb.com

ABB SACE

Protection and control devices

Electrical installation handbook Volume 2 th

5 edition

1SDC010001D0205

1SDC010001D0205 Printed in Italy

03/07

Electrical devices

Due to possible developments of standards as well as of materials, the characteristics and dimensions specified in this document may only be considered binding after confirmation by ABB SACE.

ABB SACE S.p.A. An ABB Group Company

L.V. Breakers Via Baioni, 35 24123 Bergamo - Italy Tel.: +39 035.395.111 - Telefax: +39 035.395.306-433 http://www.abb.com

ABB SACE

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