MEDDELELSEK OM GRUNLAND U1)GIVKE hF
ICOMMISSIONEN FOR VIDENSKAHELIGE UNDERSBGELSRH I GR0NLAND
BD. 154
. NR.4
D E IIANSKE EKSPEDITIONER TIL DSTGRONLAND 1947-58 UNDERLEDELSE A F LAUGE KOCH
STRATIGRAPHY AND AMMONITE FAUNA OF THE VOLGIAN AND BERRIASIAN ROCKS OF EAST GREENLAND BY
IIESMOND T. DONOVAN
WITH 3 F I G U R E S I N THF: T E X T AND 9 Pl.A'CICS
K0HENHAVN
C. A. REITZELS F O R L A G B I A N C O L U N O S B O C T H Y K K E R l A/S
1964
COKTENTS PBYC
I'rrface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 .ibstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 IT . Thr localities and t.hcir stratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Milne Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 . Soutll-western Jorrlesun Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y 3 . Northenr Wollastun Forland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4 Weslern Kuhn O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 5 . East.crn Kuhn M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6 . The ammonite sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 111 Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I h 1. Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 4 2 . England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3 . Conclllsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 I\. . Systematic paloeontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1. Referrrlces tu litrruture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
.
.
I'KEFACE
D
ilrlng the summer of 1957, as a member of 1,nucc KOCH'SExpedition t o East. Grrcrrland of that year, I was able t o visit most of the localities which are of importance for working out the latcst Jurassic anrl earliest Cretaceous succession. The exceptions were soulh-wcstern Jameson Land, and castern Kuhn f3,which 1 was not able t o reach. As a result I have been ablc t o review the rocks of this ago and bring ilp to date their correlation, and this is the object of this paper. I was accompanied by Mr. A. WYTTETRACII as field assistant, and wish t o thank him for his help. In Milne Land I also had the advantage 1 am indebted t o Dr. L A U G K of the company of Dr. J. H. CALLOMON. I
Bristol, July 1962.
Abstract The localilirs a l n-l~ichLalr dnrlwsic and L u x ~ r r ~ n o sCretaceous t rocks ha\-r liven rnnnrl in nast Grwnland arc rcrirlrcd a n d some of t l ~ r r nredescribed T ~ P higllest .lnrassic fauna is characterized I]>- the ammonite I,augrite.s, and is probably to he c o r r e l a t e d ~ v i t the l ~ Lox\-er Volpian of Russia. There is no positive evidence for the presence of UliperVolgian. T l ~ rrarlirsl Crelaceous fauna has thc am~nonites Tollia, Srrrite.7 and Hertorocerns artrl vo~rrspurl
Among the numerous illesozoic a m ~ n o ~ l ifaunas le collected by LAUGE 1Zoc~'s~ h r e e - y e a ranil Two-Year Expeditions t o East Greenland and described by the late Dr. I,. F. SPATI](see n o l - o v x , 1957, PI). 1C-10) were several helonging to littleknowrr horizons near t l ~ etop oI the Jnrassic system anrl (,he base of the Cretaceous. Describing some of them SPATH (1946, 1947, 1952) gave much attention t o problems of dating and corrclation, arrd t,o l l ~ esequence of faunas rrcar thc Jurassir.-Crel,a(:eous boundary. At one time (1947, 11. 8.) Ire had hopes t h a t discoveries in East Greenland might roake an important contribution to the problem of defining the Jurassi1:-C~.etaceollsboundary and working out thc stmI,igraphy of thc beds immediately above and bclow. Thcsr: hopes have not been i~~lfilled, and it is now cl<.ar,as will he s h o r n , t h a t there is a gap in t,he ammonite sequrxlr~eknown from East Greenland as compared with Europe and Russia. Since I attempted to summarisc tho question from inadequate knowledge in 1957 (p. 142), I havc been able t,o visil most of the 1or:;rlilies and collect fossils. Thcsc fossils are described and illustratrtl in this paper, arul arrompanied by a review of stratigraphy arrd <:orrelation. In ad,lit:ion to my own collcctiuris, I have stu(lied material collected and E. ITT. a t the Nirsen in Wollaston Forlanrl 11y A. J. STAXDRING RORERTS in 1952, and 11y F. PERREYOLID and 0. KOY in 1956.
11. T H E LOCA1,ITIES A N D T H E I R S1'H.ATIGRAPHY Rocks of lalest Jurassic and Berriasian age arp krtown from five places in East Greenland, namely 1) Milne Land: 2) soutll-western Jamcson Land; 3) northern Wollaston Forland; 4) I\-?;tern ICnhn B and 5) eastern Kohn 0. These will he reviewed in turn.
1. Milne Land The sequence a t Hartz Fjeld in castern Milne Land \\-as re-'xamined by Dr. J. H. CILT.OMOX and the wriber in 1957. T h e i'<~llnn-ins sequence was noted in part of thc Harzfjald Sandstone (for general succession in 1957, p. 41; CALLOMON, ICltil. p. 2 6 4 ) : Milne Land sco UONOVAX m. 7. Whil,ish sands with indctcrminale hivalves sandstone, ovrrlying glnuc-~~nitic sandg ~ o ~ n l a r ~ d (SPATH), iea and Iussil \t~ooil . . . . . . . . c. I
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4. Kust,y weal,I~wringglauconitic, miraceor~ssandstonr: fr.durnent,ary impression of a large Laageiles, and t,wo whorl f r a ~ m ~ - of n l the ~
3 N
2
e
sarne genus. Impressinns u l bivalvcs and g a s t r u p o d ~.. . . . . . . . c. 1 3. Wl~itishsands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 . Glal~coniticsand cappad hy hruwn-weatherod saridstonc w i t l ~ ammoniles: ? L n u g ~ i t e sand sharp-ribbed perisphinrl ill. . . . . . . . . e. 3 1. Whitish sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Hrarhiopnd bed forming top of Glauconitic Series.
The Lingula-Bank of ALDINGER (1935, p. 67) was not identified, but is almost certainly either 11cd 2 or 4; from it, SPATH(1935, p. 82) described Laugcifes groenlandicus. Also from the IIartafjzld Sandstone ahovc the Lingula-Bank, SPATHdescribed and figured two new ammonite species (1936, pp. 85-87) which hc assigned to Crnspedites, although there seems no rcason to pnt them in this genns (see below, p. 25). The suggestion is now made that t1lese sirtall, ill-preserved ammonilcs may helong to the genus Tollia. For the division into Lower and Upper IIartzfjalrl Sandstone, see page 15.
1V
Stratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of East Greenland
9
2. South-western Jameson Land A suc~cessionhere was observed by MAYNCand puhlished by SPATH (1947, p. 49). The only fossiliferous beds are the Hectoroceras Beds which occur in the middle of a scries of barren strata. Apart from the genus IIectoroceras, the only ammonites are some poorly preserved "perisphinctids" all identified by SPATHas Snbcraspedites, Their slratigraphical relationship t o Nectoroceras is not c,lmr. At locality 318 the two kinds of ammonite are said t o have been found in association (SPATH,1947, pp. 50, 53). Some of the "Suhcraspedites" from here (SPATII,op. cit. 1'1. 1, fig. 6, pl. 4, figs. 11-13) could he Tollia of the group rer:ordcd by SPATHfrom Milne 1,and as Subcraspedite.~.An arnmonite figured from locality 305 (Pl. 4, fig. 1) could be a Laugeiles not very different from L. intermedins sp. nov. SPATHregarded his "Suhcra.~pedites" as occurring in general bclow Iiectoroceras, but the field evidence for this is not very clear. At Auc~ellaelv,about 38 km west-north-west of Kap Stewart, a loose block yielded ammonites which were figured by SPATH(1936) as Pectinatitrs? I n t,hc present paper (p. 21) thcsc are referred t o Langeites jamesoni sp. nov. The formation from whirh the block was derived has not been discovered.
3. Northern Wollaston Forland Tbe important loralily here is the mountain namcd the Niesen by tho Swiss members of LAUCEI
Upper Niesen Beds
Fig 1. Geologicill s k e t i i i I!I,BI>"Iparls of Wollnst,on Forland and K u h n D, Easl, Greenland. Scale: 1 :2511,111111. I3ased on t,he mapping hy V1scnr.n and MAYNC,published by R,II:H (1950, pl. 61, modified by the writer's own observations. Suprrficial denosits o~rritted.
and the Lowcr Niesen Beds are one and the same formation; the prominent conglomernle hands can be followed through from the outcrop of t,he Lower Niesen Beds to that of the "Rigi Series" without a break, dipping steadily westwards a t a few degrees. OJI ac~ount,of the westerly dip the lowest beds at the Niesen are
1v
Stratigraphy and
am mil nit,^
Fauna o l East Greanlarld
11
exposed a t the eastern end of the coastal flank of the mountain. 'rey, pcl~blysands hegin to he exposed a t 27 m altitude, and pass up into "handed beds" which r:unsist of ycllow sand altcrnating with grey or blac,k shaly sand and shale, the yellow sand layers being c. Z rrn thick. In this series a t altitude 90 m were collected some poor ammonite impressions which arc idcnl,ified as lArrrrgeitee?pnrons sp. nov. The handed by whitish sands with beds contir~uc1111LO 115 m, and are s~~cceeded hands of sandsl,one which form crags. At an altitude of 235 m MAYNC(19'19, p. 96) found the ammonil.es which were descrihcd lty S ~ A T F (1952) I ;is thc rrcw gcrrus Praetollia, here placed in Tollia (p. 27). This fossil bed has not heen 1.e-lo11nd hy l;rt,cr visitors t o the mountain. Thirteen metres higher MAYNCfound a specimen of Hreloroceras which u7as figured by SPATXI(1947, pl. 3, fig. 2; \vrongly localised, corrected S P A T I 1952, I p. 13). S T ~ N D R I NinC 1952 T collected Hectorocerns s ~ t juv. . from an outcrop a t 285 rn, and from a loose bloc,k ncarhy larger examples of the genus which appear closely similar in preser~~ation t o l\Ia~?ic'scxamplc figured h y SPATH.I t seems likely that and S ~ I ~ A N ~ R T finds S G wcrc ' S frorrl thc same horizon. hoth RIAYEC'S At 305 rrr on Lhe north-easl.ern spur. of Llle Niesen t l ~ cprcscrrt writcr discoverer1 ammonites in a horizon of brown-weathering, calcarco~~s "doggers" in sands. Ammonites identical in preservation and matrix, t G and clearly frorrr the same Iossil l d , were i:ollevt,ed lty S . I . A N I ) I I IaY localities rei:orrlerl as 020 and 322 m. The 11iffel.enrein altibllrle is douhtlcss duc either to the dip of the rocks or to inaccnracy of the altimeters nsed. The fauna here comprised species of Snrifes and small ammonites which may b r t,hc inrrcr whorls of Tollia pnyeri. Bitween 360 and 370 m, on the same flank of the moontain, the writer found similar doggers and platy-weathering sandstones, which contained occasional exarnples of Surifes and abundant Tollia. An example of the lat,t,cr gcrlus frorrt this level was figured b y SPATII(1952, pl. 4, fig. 8) as Tollia pnyeri (TOULI), bill does not exa~:llyagree will1 thal, species (see page 30). Ammonites indistinguishable from Tollia ("Praetollian) moynci were also fourtd a t the horizon. At 41 4 m t,he writcr lollnll, near the r1ort.h-cast,emflank of t,hc mounammonitain, nodllles wibh lypical Valanginian Poly~~tyd,itrs.Valnrlginian I,es have been found by all collectors a t various higher levels, and Lqticoceros occurs a t the sumrr~it(SP\.I.II, 1946, p. 6; confirmed by later c,ollecting).
4. Western Kuhn 0 The country behind "Haakonshytta", a ruined trappers' hut, is dissected 11y slrenm valleys I 5 Lo 00 m deep. Thesc \,alleys show a number of sections through conglomerates, sands and sandstones, and
<.::::-z; .,...x.v .,>
Sond &sandstone
oooo
Doggerr Bonded rhole 8 rand
.,.......
~
-
-
@
50m
0
Fossil locality Altitude
500m
Fig. 2. Rkebcll map of the country north and easl, 01 'Haalionshyti,a', western Kuhn 0 . Scale: 1 : 18.000 approx.
dark grey shales which arc often banded with thin laminae of yellow sand. Ono interpretation ol lhe exposures has heen published h y MAYXC (1947, pp. 2 8 3 6 ; 1949, pp. 27-32). In summarising it I have already (1957, p. 51)) expressed doubt as t o f.he regular cyclic sedimentation which MAYNCfinds. Having seen the exposures since writing my 1'357 paper, 1 can only repeat that I can not accept tho existence of Maunc's four cycles. Thcre is certainly alternation of lithology, and prohahly rapid lateral variation, but further than this I am not prepared to go. The dip of the rocks exposed in the 17all~gsides is often vcry nearly
1v
Stratigraphy and Anr~noniteFauna of East Greenland
13
the same as the gradient of the stream, and for this reason i t was found impossible t o correlate or place in stratigraphical order the isolated exposures which were recorded. A sketch map of the area, showing the outcrops observed and the locality numbers referred to in the palaeontological part of this paper, is given in figure 2. The commonest ammonite in these rocks is Laugriles of which at least five species arc representcd in collections made by the writer in 1957. They arc described on pages 19-23. The only other ammonites found were fragment.^ of pavlovid type perisphinctids, and a single impression of a ?Praetollia a t locality 6. No definite succession can he observed among thcsc ammonites. MAYNCfound an example of Subcraspediles, associated in the same piece of rock with Lau,geites (specimens figured by SPATH,1!E52, pl. 4, figs. 1, 4). SPATHassumed t h a t these specimens were derived because he believed Laugriles t o be a Jurassic, and Snbcra,spcditrs a Crctaccons ammonitu. This interpretation has already been questioned ( D o x o v ~ 1957, ~, p. 143) and is now known to be unnecessary as a result of new evidence as to the ages of thcsc gcncra, discussed further on page 17.
5. Eastern Kuhn 0 An exposure of Berriasian rocks somewhere on Lhe cast coast of Kuhn 0 was found hy tho Second German Expedition ol 1870 71, for they collcctcd Tollin payeri (TOULA,1874, p. 498, pl. 1, fig. I ) , Pachyfeathis and Blscl~iaconcrnfrica. Tho locality has not been re-discovered by later workers (see Donov.&~,1957, pp. 64-5).
6. The ammonite sequence The sequence of ammonites at the various localitics may he summarised and correlated as follows:
Polyplychiles
Tollia Hecto~oerraswith
Tollia pazyeri with Surires. Heclorocertrs
?Tollin Tollia ("Praetollin") rnaynci 1,nr~peites
Laugeites with Sr~hrroap~diter Laugeites with sharp-ribbed perisphinctids
111. CORRELATION 1. Russia The succession in Lhe Volga Basin in European Russia currently (1(J58), S ~ z o ~ (1951) ov recognised is roproduced below from OVECEIKIN and the Lexicon (U.R.S.S. fasc. iii, l958). Syst,ems & S l a g ~ s according to OVECHKIN
Middle
Upper Thlrian
Craspcdites hachprrrieus & C. rrodiger [ E l c n w ~ i . ~ , ) C. subdilus j T n a 1 l ~ s c ~ u I . n ) & C. vkensis ( u ' 0 x x . J Rachpurites julgens ~TR~TJTSCHIII.~,) Epioirgali1c.i r ~ i k i t i n i (Mrcs~~sti~) lrirgntites uiqntus (vox B l l i : ~ ) Dorsoplnnites pandcri ( ~ ' o n n . ) LY. Z ~ c ~ a i s k i fsecsy t h i ~ ~ i s . Ilouniskya spp.
r
-'
.. n
.-
-
$
4
.% .
0
m
Upprr
Volpian
m =
2
i 1
Present-day Rnssian arltl~ors place the hase of the C~.etaceous helow tht! Kjasanensis Zone. Sornc foreign authors, including SPATH (1047, p. 54; A H K I C L1956, L , p. 493) correlate the Njasanensis Zone with the earliest Berriasellid urr~mordtefauna at Lhe top of the Tithonian, and hence put the base of the Crrtaceous above it. The base of the Berriasian SLayo coincides with the hasc of t h e Cretaceous in regions, such as soulh-mstcrn France, where the Tithonian is recognised. The Volgian zones arc taken from the Lexicon (fasc. iii, pp. 1 6 6 2 3 ) . O Y H C I I K(1958, IV p. 560) differs from this in stating t h a t the indcx of
Iv
Stnltigr,aphy and Ammonilr Fauna or E a s l Gvrenland
15
the middle zone of the Upper Volgian is Garniericeras catennlatnm. Tho zone characterised by specics of Surites has been found by S n z o ~ o v (1!I51) to occupy a disi.inc1 posit,ion above the horizon of Rinsnnites rjasanensis and below Tullia. Snzoxov coined the term "Ryazanian" for the beds with Hiasanites and Surites, hut it does not seem t o havc been generally adopt,crl. NIKITIN(1884) recorded Laugeilrs (as Perisphinete.~.srselruroztskii) in the Virgat,us Zone of the Jaroslawl district. NIKITINregarded the Virgatus Zone as the topmost zone of the Lower Volgian, but sincc his day zones of Lomono.s.sovrlln hlnkri (Pnvr.0v) artd Epivirgatitf<snikitini (MICH~LSK have T ) been recognised above it. The two last-named zones 1956, p. 1194). Zoivov (1937, p. 40) stated t h a t the may overlap (ARKELL Laugcites beds lie above the Nikitini Zone, immediately below the beds with Kachpurites, along parts of the course of t h c Volga, and NIKITIN'S record frorrr Vir,gntus Zone, is, doubtless, dne to the fact t h a t the higher zoncs of the Lower Volgian had not then been separated. I n the central par1 of the Soviet Arctic 1,aageitcs ;~lsoocxurs a t t h c top of the Lower I N p. 574). At:r:or~lingLo 1,r:rrov and DRUSHCHITZ Volgian ( O ~ ~ ; C I I K1958, (1!358, p. 90) T,augcitr.s occnrs both in the npper part of the Lower Volgian and the lower part of the Upper Volgian. NIKITIYrecorded Perisphinctes St,sclrurozt.skiifrom tho Sodigor Zonc of the Uppcr Volgian (1884, p. 73, ~ . ~ . p. 493). repeated b y A I I K ~ :1956, Tho Ryazanian Stage was proposed by S.&zoivov (1!)51) but later retracted b y him. In terms of this succession it is a t onc,e d e a r that there is no fossilevidence for the prc.s(:nre in East Gree~llanrlor any of the Upper Volgian zoncs, characlerised in Russia by Craspedites and Kachpurites, or for the Rjasanensis Zone. I n hlilne Land t h c Hartzfjzld Sandstone was divided b y SPATH (1936, p. 1/19) into a n "npper pnrl" and a "lower part.", separated b y the Lingula-Bank. This scheme is now slightly modified t o recognise a T.ower Hartzfjadd Sandstone, up t o and including the Lingula-Bsrtk (the highest occurrcncc ol 1,aageites; probably her1 4 of the section on page 8) of Lowcr Volgian age; and an Upper IIartzfjdd Sandstone, of early Cretaceolis date, comprising t h e remainder of the formation. In south-western Jameson Land the Hectoroceras Beds arc of Berriasian age. Tn the Niesrn (north-western U'ollaston Forland) and western Kuhn 0 l.he lowest beds exposed are the "banded beds" of rapidly alternating black shale and yellow sand, assoc,iated with sandstones and conglornerates and yielding Laugeifes. Thcsc bcds wcrc rrlappcd b y VISCHER and Mnvxc as Rigi Series (pl. 6 in ICOCH,1950). They are now named the
Laugeites Beds, since they lie below, and are differentiated from (cf. K A Y N C1949, , pp. 95, 9 9 ) , the Niesen Beds with which the Rigi Series is synonymous. Tho Langeites Reds clearly include beds equivalent t o the bop of Lhc Lower Volgian, as shown by tho presence of Laugeiles and of ammonites similar t o Epiuirgntites. The equivalence of the Niesen Beds and tho Rigi Series has alreatly been pointed out. Both terms have eqnal priority, dating from MAYNC (1947), and Niesen Beds is t o be preferred because the detailed succession a t t h e type locality is hotter known. The division into Lower and Upper Niesen Beds is made on palaeont.ological gronnds, the beds with llectoroceras, Surites and Tollia, about 300 m thick, being r~?gardedas 1.ower Niesen Bcds, and the remainder, from an altitude of j11st above 400 m t o the summit, as Upper Niesen Beds, aboul, 270 m thick. The identification ol Surires spasskensis enables the Spasskensis Zone to be rrcognised in the Lower Niescn Beds. Species here assigned 1.0 Tollia ('LPractollia" of SPATII), and Hectorocer(~.~ already occur bnlow Surites a t t,he Niescn, but as thcre is nothing t o suggest the presence of the Rjasancnsis Zone, they are j~rovisiorlallyincludcd in f.he Spasskensis Zone. I t may be that tho Stenomphala Zone is represented hy the fossil horizon at 360-370 m on the Niesen, containing abundant Tollia wilh occasional Surites. The writer has not fonnd a sufficiently detailed account of the seqnerlce ol Tollia species in t h r Russian succession t o he able to make detailed comparison. The dates of formalions in East Greenland may be tabulaled: Russian Stages Milne Land Ryasanian or Lower T7alanginian Upper Volgian Lower Vulgian
Upper Hart,% fjnld
Sandstone
Lowm WartzIjield
8. W. Jarnesnn
Wollaston Fur- Westcm l a n d : Niesen
Hcctoroccras Bcds
-
Lower Siesen
K ~ l h n$3 -
Bcds
-
-
Laugeiles Beds Laugeites Beds
Sandstone Correlation of formations is, of course, only approximate, and the exact equation of their up11cr and lower limits is not suggested.
2. England Tho correlation given above is different from that of SPATR(1952, p. 20). The reason for t h e diffcrenre is that SPATXI regarded S~~hcrnspedites as an early Cretaceous ammonite. He did so, presumably, because
1v
Stratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of East Greenland
17
the formation from which Subcraspedites was dexribed, the Spilsby Sandstone of Lincolnshire, England, rests nnconformably on Upper Jurassic rocks and was consequently regarded as Cretaceous. This obliged him t o assumc that the Lnugeiles and Snbcraspedites associated in the same horizon of t.he Laugcites Beds were hnth derived, although he had no physical evidence t o snggest this1). He theretore dated t h e Langcitcs Bods as, a t least in part,, younger than the Spilsby Sandstone (1 952, p. 19). The obvious placing of the Laugeites Rods at about the boundary between Lower and IJpper Volgiari of Russia, on the basis of Laugeires, now falls into line with recent work in England. On the hasis of independent evidence, namely thc recognition of autochthonous Portlandian and Volgian ammonites, CASEY has revised the dating of t h e Spilshy Sandstone the basement bed or whic,h he regards as the equivalent of thc npper part of t h e Portland Beds of southern England. If, with ARKELL (1946, pp. 24-28), we place the Portland Beds in the upper part of the Lower Volgian, they, the Laugeitcs Beds and t.he basement bed of t h e Spilsby Sandstone are not very different in age. Their exact relationship is more difficult t o decide. Tho pavloviids from t h e La~lgeitesRcds, though they s~lggosta Portlandian datc, would he too fragmentary for close corrolation even if thc English Porlland ammonites were better known. Laugrites has not been rccognised in either the Spilsl~ySandstone or the Portland Beds. Subcmspedites, common in the basement bed of the Spilshy Sandstone, is rare in the Laugeites Beds. The diIGc~llty of piecing together a sequence Iron1 isolat,cd exposures of the Laugeites Reds has already bccn explained (p. is), but if we accept that Subcraspedites occurs in t h e i~pperrnost part of the formation ( ~ I A Y N C1949, , p. 31) then Lhis horizon may overlap the base of the Spilsby Sandstonc. This correlation is in accordance with Lhe hypot,hesis (p. 26) t h a t S~zbcra~pedifes evolved from Lnugeites; but the hypothesis is as yet insu up ported by good stratigraphical evidcncc, and must not be used in support of the correlation. Alternatively, it may be t h a t I,augeites and Subcraspedilec rcplace one another gcographically. Lastly, the East Greenland succession throws light on the date of the Sandringham Sands, Norfolk, England, in which the amrrionitc IIectoroceras was recently recorded (CASEY, 1961) for the first time outside East Greenland. They turn out t o be equivalent, in part, t o the I ) Presumablr SPATH assumed this as a rrsult of his pending of t h e fossil evidence lor although he states it without f~lrtllercomment, M A Y N Cwho collected t h e fossils says nr,l.lring uf dprived fossils in his plrhlislled accounts ( 1 9 4 7 , 19'a!l). The amrnonitc shells in the I,a~~geiles Beds are filled wi1.h sandstune identical with Lhe nratrix, and derivation secms most irnprohshle. 154 2
Lower Nicsen Reds, and t,o t.he upper part, of thi; Spilsby Sandstone. They must he placed in, or just below, the Spasskensis Zone.
3. Conclusion Formations in East Greenland near the .Turassi(:-Cretar:,cous boundary can now be dated in terms of the succession in ILhe Volpr. Basin of Kussia. The Upper Volgian is not proved in East Greenland, and the lowest Cretaceous horizon is identified as the Spasskensis Zone. The lowest Cret.aoeoiis beds in East Greenland Iall in t h o Rcrriasian Stage, but the succession does not throw any light on the correlation of the base of the Rcrriasian, as dcfincd in sout,h-castcrn France, with the Volgn Rasirr stapcs.
IV. SYSTEMATIC 1'AI.AEOSTOLOGY Superfamily PERISPHINCTACEAE STEINMANN 1890 Farnily Perisphinctidae S T E I N M ~ N 1890 N, Suhlarnily V i r g a t o s p h i n c t i n a e Smrrr, 1923 Genus LAIJCEITES S P A . ~ H 1936. , The genus was proposed by SPATH (1936a) t o replace fichina SPATH(1!13(i, p. 81) which was preoccupied. The type spec,ies is L. groenlandicl~s(SPATH).A later synonym is Stsehurovslrya I I . O ~ A I S K(1!141)') Y with type species Perisphinctes slschlcrou~.skii NIKITIN(1881, p. 83, pl. 7, figs. 53-56). Per. rtschurotr~.sskiiwas included in ICochirza by SPITH, who cited NIKITIN'S figure 53 which shows inner whorls only. NIKITIN'S illustrations are not very well drawn and interpretation of the species is not casy. In 1885 (p. 129, pl. 4, fig. 17) NIKITINfigured as Per. atf. sfschurozcrskii an arnrnnrdte which appears lo he smooth by a dinrncter of 5 cm; neither t h e preservat.inl~nor the drawing, however, is very I pp. 250, 462, pl. 12, figs. 4 a , b) gave an excellent good. R ~ I C H A L S K(1890, figure~flI,he inner whorls of the species.
Laugeites aff. groenlandicus (SPATH). Iiorhino groenln,tdiea RFITH. p. 82, pl. 36, figs. 1 a , h, pl. 38, figs. 1 a< (holotype). 1936 a. Lal~gcilesg r o r n l ~ ~ n d i c(SPATHI. a SPATE, p. 3 3 4 . 1836.
No further material from the type horizon and loralily, the Lingula Bed on FIarbz Fjeld, Alilnc Land, has come t o light, despite search by Dr. J. H. C a ~ ~ o n r oinx 19.57 and 1958. The species diffcrs from L. stschuro7r;skii (NIKITIN),as exemplified hy ~ I K I T I N ' Slargest figured specimen (1881, pl. 7, fig. 55) by its wider ~lmhilicus,4Z0/, for the holotype at maximr~msize as corr~paredwith 3B0/, at l.lue same size for the Russian 1) Cited thus h? LL'PPO\and Unl S H I : M ~ T Z(1958, p. 89). What is evidently thr same genus \\.as meritiuned b~ Zorov (1934, pp. 88. 40) as Slschuro~~slriy; ? a nomen nrcds,,c a t that datr. 2*
specimen. This is hardly significant; Lhe apparent early loss of primaries in the Russian species may not be significant either, for NIKITIX'S illustrations leave much to be desired. I t may he, lhercfore, t h a t L. groenlandicns will turn out to ho a synonym of L. stschurozo.skii, but it name until hetter figures of N I n r ~ r s ' s seems unjustifiable to drop SPATH'S species become available. A poor, partly crushed example from locality 10, ICulln @, agrees with the holotype as far as it goes; it shows neither suture-lincs, nor any ornament on the inner whorls. Two fragments of large ammonites from locality 4 are close to the species.
Laugeites intermedius sp. nov. Type: Thc holotypc is an oxarrlplo from locality 2, Kuhn 0, illust,ml.ed in p1al.e 1, figlire 1. There are paratypcs from the same locality. Diagnosis: The species was probably between eight and nine centimetres in diameter when adult. The holotype at. a diarrrct,er of 7.6 cm. has the umbilicus 40°/,, and the whorl thickness abont 25"//, of the diameter. Most examples are too fragmentary or distorted for measurement, but the one shown in plate 1, figure 5 has t,he umbilicus 3701, at a diameter of 4.1 cm., and the specimen from locality 10 (pl. 2, figs. 3, 4) has the umhilicus about 4 0 ° / , and thickness 2G0/,, bnt is distorted. The i r ~ r ~ ewhorls r have ahout 35 primary ribs to the whorl, but on the last whorl the primaries become more widely-spaced, as shown by the holotype. Constrictions arc present and irregularly spaced. The snbureline is shown in texl-figure 3c. The species is dislingnislled from .' parvus h y the less numerous ribs, thicker whorls and larger size. Lnugeiles groenlnndicus has similar proportions and rib-freqiienc,y to L. intermedius, hut has a smoot,h 1)ody-cllerr~hcrand is more than i,wice the sizc. The body chamber of Laugeites intermedins shows a close resemfrom tho blance t o that of Subcraspedites preplicomphalus SWIXNERTON Spilsby Sandstone of England. The holotype of SWINNERTON'S species is refigured hcre (pl. 1 , fig. 3) for comparison. Occnrrence: Holotype and six incomplete specimens from locality 2, Kuhn 0. Body-chamber (pl. 2 , figs. 3 , 4) from locality 10. A lairly complete example, fivc f r a g m ~ n t ~and s two impressions from locality 11. A possible fragment, from Lhe north-east flank of the Niesen, Wollaslon Forland, ti1 an altitude of 90 m in banded beds; the same level as L. ?paruus recorded on page 11.
Iv
Stratigraphy and A~nrnoniteFauna of East Greenland
Laugeites jamesoni sp. nov. P1. 2, fig. 1. 1936. I'ertinatites sp. ind. SPATH, pp. 83, 175, PI. 37, figs, I a, b, (bolotype), 3 . ?1936. P~etinafiles?(Kerntinites?) sp. ind. SPATE, pp. 83, ,175, pl. 36, fig. 2, pl. 38, fig. 3.
Type: The ammonite from a loose block in Aucellaelv, southern Jameson Land, figured hy SPATH(1!131i, pl. 37, figs, 1a, b) is now made the holotype of the new species, Laugeites jamesoni. The original of figure 3 on the same plate is regarded as a paratype. Description: The holot.ype, consisting of parts of three succcssir~e whorls, is still septatc at its full size of 13 cm. At this size the umbilicus is 44"/,. Apart frorr~the slight differenc,e in proportions, the species is distinguished from I,. groenlandicus by closcr and longer primaries, lack of forward r:nrve of the secondaries over t h e venter, and t h e presence of thickened ribs and constrictions at irregular intervals. Occurrenc,o: The species has heen founil a t locality 4, Laugeites Ravine, in Kuhn @. The most complete example (pl. 2, fig. 1) is complete with plain aperture (preserved on Lhe side not photographed) at a diameter or 12.5 cm (slightsly distorted). There is a possihlc fragment from locality 5.
Laugeites parvus sp. nov. PI. 2, lig. 2 , pl. 3 figs. 1-10: pl. 8, fig. G ( ? ) 1 9 4 : . Su6er.aspedlirs ('?Isp. nov. (?I.SPAT",11. 27, pl. 4, 1952. 7,or~peitessp. noV. SPATH, 11. 19, pl. 4 , fig. 4 .
figs. 1 a, h.
'
Types: The holotype is an example from locality 10, Laugeites Ravine, Kuhn 0, figured in plate 3, figure 2. There are a number of paratvpes frorrl this and neighbouring localities (listed helow). Complete examples arc t~et~ween 6 and 7.5 cm in diameter, and the adult umbilicus is 38 t o 40°/, of the diameter. The outer whorls are strongly compressed; the thickness is very approximately 20°/, of tho diameter, hut most examples arc dist,ort,eil and cannot be measured. Each rvhor.1 overlaps half, or a lit,tle more, of t,he prec,eding one. The inncr whorls are not adequately known, but h a w close, sharp primary ribs, which lean forwards, and divide init,o t,wo, or more rarely three, secondaries half-way across the whorl-side. The secondaries arc slightly concave forwards, and have a strong forward curve over the venter. At a variable diameter, often between 4 and 5 cm, the ornament fades ont on the middle of the whorl-side, leaving a smool.11 band between primaries and secondaries, which be~:ome very faint. There arc faint.
constrictions, accolnpanicd by flares on the interrial mould. The septal suture c,annot be seen on any of the specimens. AlLl~uughseptal sutures are not visible, the majority of specimens are helievcd t o be adults on account of 1) the c,onstancy in size of examples complete with body-chamber, 2) the loss of ornament on t,hc last whorl, 3) the preservation of a flared aperture on a few specimens (e.g. 111. 3, figs. 4, 5). There is varialion amongst the hody-chambers from those retraining well-marked primary and sec,ondary ribs, to ones which are ci~rnylcLclysmoot,h. Hares and constrictions are also variable in their occurrence, but are scldom c,loser than two per whorl. Cr~~shirrg of the septate whorls but not of the body-chamber shows [.hat the latter was one whorl in lcrrgth. The alnmonile figured by SPATH(1947, p!. 4, figs. l a , b), now tcrrtatively referred t o i.he specics, is from one of the JIectoroceras localities in south-western Jameson Land. T t is too poorly preserved to be definitely illentified. The other material figured as Suhcraspdites h y SPATH(1947, pl. 1, fig. 6; pl. 4, figs. 2, 11-14) consists of inadequa1.r Iragrncnts or inner whorls. J,augeites parwus diners from obher spccics of the genr~sby its small size and cornpressed whorls. There is considerahlc resemb1anl:e to Subcraspedites prrplicomphalru SWINNERTON (1935, p. 36, pl. 3, figs l a , b, 2a, b) from the lower part of t,he Spilsby Sandstone ol T,incolnshire, England. Innor whorls of the two species appear t o be indistingnishable; on the last, half-whorl (presumed body-chamher) of S . preplicornphalus primary rihs hecornc more prominent t h a n in L. pnrvws, but they do not acquire the pinched-rrp appe:lrani:c of typical Sahcraspedites. 14orphologically, .S. pr~plicomnhalus is intermediat,~ between Laicgeites and Snbcraspedire.~,and inight equally well be referred t o the former genus. The holotype has heen newly photographed through the kindness of Dr. RI. I<. HOWARTH, anil is now illustrated (pl. 1, fig. 3) for comparison wibh i.hc Greenland material; 11nlor1,nnately thc preservation is indifferent. Another intcri>st,ing c,omparison is with S. (?) snbpressulus (Bor,osl.ovs~u,1807, p. 142, pl. 4, figs. 3, 4; two of the types rcfigured by LUPPOVR. DRUSHCHITZ, 1!158, pl. 39, figs. 6, 7), described lrorrr the Riasan ncds of Tsikvino on the river Okn south-east of Moscow, and S. primilivus rccorded from the Spilsby Sandstone of Lincolnshire by SWINNERTON (1935, p. 32, pl. 2, fig.?. la-c,). The holotype is now refigured in platme8, figures 3, 4. The septate wlrorls of this species are alrnost indistin~~~islralrlc from L. paruus as far as ornament is concerned, hut the umbilicus is srnallcr, about 25O/, of the diame1,er. Neither British nor figured Russian material inclndcs the body-chamber, and it is not known whether snbpressulus rlevelope~lsuhcraspeditid characters on the
IV
Sfratigraplipand ~IrnrnoniteFauna o l East Greenland
23
(1947, outer whorls. The septate whorls would pass for I,angeites; SPATH p. 28) doubted the attribution of "S. primitior~-7" to Suhcraspedites and thought it "probably a form of Tollia", althongh typical l'ollia have a smallcr umbilicus and coarser ribbing. The species is morpho1ogi1:all.v intermediate between Subcrasl~edi~es (or Laugeitrs) and Tnllia. I t is possible that a11 Subcraspedites have more or less laugeit,id inner whorls, but much of the Spilshy Sanrlstone material is too poorly prcscrved for a thorough investigation. Specimens whic,h show laugeitid inner whorls follo\ved by snbcraspeditid body-chamber are the holotype T ~ N pl. 2, figs. Da-C) and t h a t of the of S. undalntus S W I N N I ~ R(1!435, closcly similar S. su,bundulatas SWIXXERTON (1935, pl. 2, figs. 2a, b), refigured herc i r plate ~ 8, figures 1, 2. Occurrence: The holotype and numerous specimens, fragments and im~~ressions from locality 10, Laugeites R a ~ i n e ,Kuhn C?, wherc it is t h e commonest amrnonile. Seven examples and fragments from locality 9, in the same valley, including plate 3, figures l , 8. Two incomplete examples from locality 11. by a Two whorl fragn~enls(no. 788) givcn Lo Dr. EICIL NIIILSKX brapper i r ~1!133 are said t o have bcrn fonnd on Hoc,hst.et,t,crForland. If they really comc Irom there, then I3erriasian rocks of facies identical u ~ i t hthat of western liuhn I? must exist on Hochstetter Forland, for t,tre lithology and mode of pre~ervat~ion is very similar to that of the Kuhn 0 material. Two impressions of this or a similar form were collected by thc w r i t ~ rfrom a s;mrlstone bed in banded beds a t an altitude of 90 rrr on the nort,h-castern flarrlz o l the Niesen, nor0hern \Tollaston Forlnnrl.
Laugeites sp. nov. PI. 4, figs. 1, 2.
11 species of Lalsg~ileswith almost smooth body-chairrher is represented by a number of fragments all partly crusl~ed.The inner nd~orls are unknown, and thc species has not hccn named. An almost r:omplete hodg-chamber is shown in pl. 4, fig. 2. I t is a n interndl rnould 13.5 cm in dia~neterand is smooth except, Inr a rib, preceded hy a constriction, abo~rlhalf-way round. The ~~rnbilicus is about 40"/, of t.he diamct.er. Another hotly-rhamher is complete with aperture at 10.8 cm, thc umbilicus hcing 4'J0/,. This and othcr fragments show t h a t the aperture was slight,ly expanded, forwardly inclined towards the venter and with a verrt.ra1 rostrum. There wcr,e no lateral lappets. Occurrcn(,e: Five hotly-chambers or parimsthereof, from localil,y 10, Laugeitcs Rarine, Tinlln M.
Perisphinctidae of 'pavlovid' type Associated wit11 ahundant T,augeifes in western Kuhn 0 (p. 13) are much rarer fragments of evoh~t.e,perisphindid-type ammonites with sharp, usually bifurcating ribs of the kind exemplified by the outer whorls of the Upper Kimeridgian ammonite Paulo71ia and its presumed descendants in the Portlandian. No complete individuals were found anrl all that can he done is t80figure a few fragments t,o show the kinds of ammonite present. The fragment from locality 7 shown in plate 5, figrlre 1, is distinguished hy the presence of as many simple rihs as bifurcating ones. This character is suggestive of the Russian Lowcr Volgian genus Aculieostites; t,hat genns 11as a sulcate venter on the inner whorls, a character which cannot be checked on the Kuhn PI fragment. Forms with more or less regularly bilurcating ribs occur at localities 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 11. They are all poorly preserved. They arc hardly distingtrishable from forms figured by SPATIIfrom Milne Land as Crendonites; for cxample, the impression here figured (pl. 5, fig. 3) seems closc t o C. lrsliei SPATH(1936, pl. 13, fig. 1).Thcre is also a close similarity t o the Russian Lower Volgian genus Epivirgatircs, of which the lectotypc has recently been refigured ( L u r r o v & n n u s a c ~ i ~1958, z pl. 37, fig. 7). AFIKKLL (1957, p. L333) notes the resemhlancc betwecn Epivirgarite and English "Crendonites", which he regards as a synonym of G2aueolithites. The third gronp of fragments has more than t.wo secondaries corresponding t o each primary rih. This c11ar;rcter occurs sporadically in forms with otlrcrwise birurcating r i l q such as an impression Irom locality 2 (PI. 5, fig. 4), and in others (pl. 5, fig. 7) iL is a regular feature. One fragmentary impression in a large block from lorality 5, has ornament which corresponds exactly to ihat of tho t,ype species of Virgntosphincrcs. Another can be matched exactly wit,h large English l'ortlandian Kerberites. In two impressions from loc,ality 7 (pl. 5, figs. 5 , 6) t h e secondary rihs are rather faint, as they are in the type species of Dorsoplanires. In someIragments or t,his grol~pthere is t,endency for the ribbing to be virgatotome, hut typical virgatotnme ribbing is not present. The foregoing remarks arc? not intended as firm ident,ifications, but only as an indication of the forms present. They may he s~~mmarised: Localiby
Acutieostites? Dorsoplnnites? Glaucoli~~ites? Virgatosphincfrs? trifnrcating ribs:
7 7 I,2, ,I' 5 , 10, 11. 4, 5. 5, 7, 8.
Iv
Stratigraphy and Ammonito Fauna ol East Greenland
25
Family Craspeditidae SPATH,1924 Craspedites is an involnte genus1), the shell ranging from glohose to compressed. The umbilicus is always small (loss than ZOO/,), is conical, and deep and narrow in the inflated forms. Ornament is never strong; the inner whorls bear Iaint secondary rihs which arise low down on t.hc whorl-side; primaries at this stage are inr:onspicuous or absent. There are also periodic constrictions. The body-chamber is smooth, or nearly so, except for the strong primaries developed in some species. I n C. nodiger these primaries appear ahout, half a whorl before the last, septum. hfost examples are complete with adult body-rhamhers a t a small size, often less than 5 cm. SPATH,in his papers on East Greenland, has not interpreted Crasp d d e , ~in the way defined above, and accepted Amm. subditus TRAUTSC H O L D as the type species. PAVLOVwhen he established the genus commenced with t h e heading: "Craspedites (Olrostephani du groupe snbdil.us)" but did not mention a type species, and Amm. okrnnis D'ORBICNY was designated type species by H. DOUVILLE (1911). The fossils from Milne Land referred t o Cra~prditesby SPITH (1936, pp. 85-88) do not belong t o the genus as now defined, and there is no reason to bclicve t h a t Craspedites o(,(:nrs in East Greenland. I n 1936 (p. 83) SPATHalso included in Craspeditidae the genera Kachpurites, Garniericeras, Snbcraspedirrs and Pnrncrnspedites. Snbcraspedites is placed in Tollinae, as explained below. Paracrapedites is also excluded (see CASEY1962). Garniericeras was made the type genus of a subfamily Garniericeratinae by Srntrlr (1952, p. 9 ) ; it may or may not be related t o the other genera inrluded in Ishe same subfamily by A ~ x ~ r . (1957, 1. p. 1, 344). Siibfamily T o l l i n a e SPATI[,1952 This subfamily is now taken t o inrlude Tollin, Subrraspedites, Ilecturr~cerns, Sr~ritesand il'ikitinoceras. A11 these genera hear sharp, perisphinctid-type ribbing on the i1111cr whorls, primaries bifurcating about halfway across the whorl-side. They are i n contrast t o Craspedites where the ribbing is never sharp and the seconrlarit:~ arisc near the urnbiliral margin. DilTerences belween Tollia and Snbcraspedites are of degree ralher t h a n of kind. The t,ypical Sabcraspedilrs is evolnte, with finely ribbed pcrisphir~ctidinncr whorls; the primary and secondary rihs t,hen hccome separabed by a smooth band on the whorl-side, and finallv the primaries 1) The description of Cmsyrdifcs is based on a study n l the collection of cxccllently-preserved Rassian ~ r ~ a t r r i ninl the British Museum (Kat,. Ilist.); lor illustrations of inncr and n l l l p r whorls of C. nodiger see X r r l n v , 1885, pl. 5 , figs. 13-22.
herome prominent, with a "pinched-up" appearance, while the secondaries beco~nefaint, or disappear. The type species, S. plicomphallzs (J. S ~ \ V I C I I I I has Y ) , not been adequately ill~~strated, and the type is now refigured in plate 9, figure 2. The species has con~monlybeen interp7,eted by a later figure (J. de C. SOWERBY,1823, pl. 404) which SPATH(1952, p. 18) held t,o he different from A m . plicomphalus J. SOWERBY, renarning i l Suhcmsprdilrc eozoerbyi. This spccies is illustrated in plate 9,fignrc 1. (:ASEY believes (1!162, p. !)8) that it will be necessary to v;ilirlate S. sowerbyi as the type species of Suherarprdites in order t o preserve the current interpretation of t,he genus. Subcraspedites is clearly derived lrom Lalcgrircs, ror thcre is no diflerence bctwccn Ll~etwo genera except for the bullate primary ribs of the former. At least one species from the Spilsby Sandstone, S. prrplicompholr~.~ SWINXERTOX (1935, p. 36, pl. 3, fig. l a , b), does not have thc prominent primaries, and is morphologically a T,orrgeites rather than a Subcraspedites. Genus TOLLIA PAVLOV, 1913 The type species is Tollia tolli Pnvr.ov, designated by AIIKI:I.I., ,1957, p. L 344. A numbcr of specific names have been proposed [or members of this genus; ;rlmost all are inadequately defined, and some are synonyms, as lar as can he soen from the euiilenre available. The carlicst spevies to be named was Tc~lliir~ ~ u y e (TOULI), ri from easI,t:rn 1Z1111rk 0, Rast (;reenland ( T o u ~ n ,1874, p. 498, pl. 1, figs. la-r). The out,crop which yielded T o u r . ~ ' stype has not been found by later expeditions. I n side vicw T. pa?yeri is indistinguish;~l)lrirom T. 11idrur:r:a(ROC;(ISI.(IVSKY, 1897, 1). 55, pl. 3, figs. 1-3) and from T . lolli P a v ~ o v(1913, 11. 39, 111. 12, figs. 1 , 2), but botb these species have an acute venter, at least on the section (fig. l c ) inner whorls, wh(:reas T . paycri, according t o TOULA'S has a broadly rounded venter throughout.. Tollin hidene:ca and T . tolli are proh;rl>ly synonyms. Species in wllirh the ornament dies out early are T. glaber ( N I K I T I N1888, , p. 98, pl. 2, figs. 8, I)) and 7'. sosnouskii (SOKO~.ov,1913, p. 70, pl. 2, figs. 2a-c), and possihly T. latelobat' P A V L ~ V (1913, p. 41, 111. 13, fig. 2). Tollia is a genus with perisphinclid-type ornamenl, involnle she11 anrl small umbilicus, i~ommonly20-25°/, of the diameter. The venter rounded latcr in dcvelopmay be a c u t , ~on the inner whorls, hecon~i~lg ment,; the change occurs a t different, sizes in differen1 species. The earlier whorls have sharp ribs; later t.he primary ribs may become blnnt and prominent, the sccorldaries fine and numerous and separated from the primaries by ;I snlooth area. There is a tendency, not shown by all
Iv
Sl.ratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of East Greenland
27
specimens, for the primaries t o be concave forwards, with a backward inflection whcrc the secondaries originate, producing a very characteristic appearance. Some species, a t least, show constrictions on the internal moi~ld.The ornament porsists t o a size which varics grcatly with the species, but tho later part or the shell is smooth, or nearly so. Some individuals reached large sizes: the type of 1'. latelobata PAVLOV is still septate a t a diameter of 18 cm. Thc genus Praetollia is horc considered to he a synonym of Tollia. SPATH(1952, p. 13) when he sel u p Praetollia said t h a t Tollia differcd from it "chicfly in its more sigmoidal c,ostation, with thickening of the primary stems which are also nlore distantly s ~ ~ a c e dand , thcrc is an increase in t h e peripheral projection of the secondaries". He also (1). 14) noted the absence of constrictions which he regarded as characteristic ol Tollia. I n fact, the ornament of most of the examples of Praetollia rnaynci, the type species, is like t h a t of the inner whorls of Tollia and we do not know whcthcr t h e specimens were adults or the inner whorls of a larger spccies. F~irthermore,a few individuals in the assemblage, regarded by SPATHas variety contiglla (p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 1 ctc.), show the ornament, becoming like t h a t of tho outer whorls of Tollia,, showing just those Ieatures which SPATHrogarded as typical of the latter genus. The genus Chamdornirovia S.4zo~ov1951 was regarded as a possible & I)IIUSIICIIITZ (1938, p. 93). synonym ol Tollia by LUPPCIV
Tollia bidevexa (Rocosr.ovsu~) Pl, 6, fig. 189:.
fa.
O l e o s l ~ p h n n s ahidetpl,rzr~s H o ~ o s ~ o v s x u pp. , 5 5 , 1 4 1 , pl. 3 , figs. 1 a; b; 2 a,
b, 3 , 4. ?1913. Tollia Tolli P ~ r ~ p. o v39, pl. I ? , figs. 1 a , b, 2 a<. (Lectotype: the original 01 fig. 1, hrro dcsignated).
Type: The original of B o c o s ~ o v s u s ' splate 3, figure 3 is now designated lcct,otype of bhe species. R o c o s ~ o v s ~ . rfigures 's show four fragmcnt,arp spcrimcns of diffcrcilt sizes, whirh probably belorlg to the samc spccies, all.hongh I.he smnllesl, (figs. l a , b) is closer-ril~hedLhan Lhe others. Figure 4 is said t o represent a variety 11i1t agrees with figures 2 and 3. l'he fragments are closely sirnilnr to the two syntypcs of Tollia folli figured by Pkvr.ov, ol wIri~:h (,he larger (PAVLOV, 1913, pl. 12, fig. 1 a, h ) is now designated the lectotype. T. bideveza has ribbing persisting to a diameter (about 9 em) a t which, on the leelotype of T. tolli, it has just died out, but this c,haractcr is likely to be variable. It is likely that T . tolli and T . bideverr~
are synonyms, although study of actual material is desirable t,o settle t,he question. The material frorn Milne Land consists solely of impressions of the umbilical portions of ammonites which agree with the figure of T . bideveza, and also of T . tolli. A cast made from the hest of the impressions is shown in plat,o 6, figure 4. For the distinction between T. hidevera and T . groen,landica, see under the latter species. Material: two impressions from ferruginous fossil beds on Hennigryggen; Lwo from pale blue-grey sandst,one a1 altitudc 440 m, on t,he ridge between Astartedal and Pimadal; both occurrences in eastern Milne Land.
Tollia groenlandica (SPTII) PI. 6 , figs. 1-1. 1936. Subcrappditrs pocnlandicus SPATH, p . 8 4 , pl. 36, figs. 3 a, b, figs. 3, 4 , 5 a >b.
(t,
5, PI. 38,
Type: The holotype is l,he example figured by SPATH(1936, pl. 36, figs. 3a, b), prescrvcd in the Mineralogical Museum, Copenhagen. Descript,ion: All the material of the specics is poor, consisting of irn~~ressinns and fragments, but the t.ypica1 featr~resare cle;lr cnougl~, although no dimensions or accnrate rib-counts can he given. The inner whorls arc close-ribhed, with usually three secondary ribs to each primary. T,aber, u,hile the shell is still sept,at,c,the primaries become separated from Lhe secondaries by a smooth btlnil, the secondaries now being very fine and numerous, four or five to each primary. The vent,er is acut,e frorr~:I diameter of 2 cm or less, and remains so, in some examples, t,o a size of 10 cm or more. This character i~ varinhle, and the holo1,ype represents a form with less acul,e venter than the majority of specimens. Tollia groenlandicn is a small species compared with some in the genus. Thc holobype is the body-chamber of an individual which cannot have been much greater than 9 cm in diameter when comp1el.e. The impression shown in plate 6, figure 2 and an example from Hennigryggen retaining most of the body-chamber are ahout 12 cm in diameter. 2'. bidrve:ca (11. 27)) the other species recordcd from hlilne Land, was larger; the holotype is a whorl fragment still septale a t a size of 9-10 cm. The two species also differ in their ornament, which in T . bidevexa is strongor, with [ewer secondaries, and persists to a larger size than in T . groenlandica. The inner whorls of Tollia sosnov.skii ( S o ~ o ~ o 1913, v, p. 50, pl. 2, figs. 2a-c), from a louse block in Novaya Zemlya, are indistinguishable from those of T . groenlarrdica. Tollia sosnovskii appears to becorne smooth a1 a diameter of about 4 rm. Tollin groen,lenrlicn was described
Tv
Stratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of East Greenland
29
lly SPATHas a Suheraspedites hut is a typical Tollin as already noted by CASEY(1962, p. 98). I t is not clear on what basis SPATHmade the distinction between the two genera. Material: A complete but poorly preserved example, and four probable impressions of inner whorls, f r o n ~the ferruginous fossil bed near the summit of Hennigryggen; also from hcrc ilhe fragment shown in plate 6, figure 3. Fragments and impressions from greenish-grey sandstone al. 425 m altitude on ridge betwccn Krehsedal and Astartedal, and a t 440 m on ridge between Astartedal and Pinnadal. All localilies in eastern Milne Land.
Tollia maynci (SPATII) 1952. Praetollin rnaynci SPATH,1). 2 3 , pl. 1, pl. 2 , pl. 3 , fig. 1-5, pl. 4 , fig. 2, 6, 7 , texl-fig. 1 a. 1952. Proetollia nberrana S ~ A l . 1 1 ,p. 15, pl. 3 , fig. 7 , Lext-fig 1 b.
Typc: The impression from which was taken thc plasber cast figured by SPATHin his plate 3, figure 2, and descrihcd as "typical example", is accepted as the holotype. The species was described and figured by SPATHon the basis of C the North numerous vrnshed individuals collected by ~ I A Y N"from Coast of Wollaston Forland in Lindemans Fjord a1 235 m altitude." The present writer has found t h e species up t o an altitude of 367 m on the locality. northern flank of the Niesen, t h a t is, prohably near t o MAYXC'S The new m:~terialdoes not add anything t o our kuowlcdgc of the species. N Galtitudes of 256 rrr Material: Found by Mr. A. J. S T A ~ D R I all (not in place) and 360 m, and by the writer a t 363-7 m on t h c norlhern flank of tht? Niesen, northern Wollaston Forland.
1874.
Tollia poyeri (TOULA) Peri.7phincze.s Payeri T O ~ L A 11. , k 9 8 , pl. 1, figs. 1 a+.
19.52. Tollie payeri
to or.^). SPAT",pl.
(f, fig.
8.
Type: The holotype is part of an ammor~it~e round by PAYEIC on the east coast of Kuhn 0 (the locality has not heen rediscovered) and figured hy Totir.~. The holotype is uncrushed and parts of the last three whorls are missing, so t h a t features of the inner wl~orlsa n d whorl-section may be seen. The earliest whorl seen, a t a diameter of about 2.3 cm, has a n acute venter, hut by a diameter oI about 3.2 cm the venter has become rounded. The umbilicus is about 27O/, of the estimated diameter of 9.5 c m ; the whorl thickness is about 3S0/,. The last half-whorl has ten primary rihs and there are ahout five secondaries to each primary.
SPAT~I (1952, pl. (1, fig. 8) fig~lrcdas Tollia przyeri the inner whorls of an ammonite lourtd hy MAYNCat ari altitude of 380 rn on the Niesen. 1,argcr examples of 1,he same form have been found hy the wriLer a t a n allilndc recorded as 365 m and one is here figured in plate 6, figure 5. This form differs from the type of T. payeri in having closer primary rills. The differences between Tollia payeri anil T . maynci (SPATH)lie in the proportions and the ornament. Tollia maynci has an umbilicus about 18-20"/, of t h e diameter, at least up to sizes of aboul S r m (SPATII, 1952, I ) . 14), while the type of Tollia payeri bas m t ~ m b i l i c ~ ahout ~ s 27"/, of the diameter in both t h e inner artd outer whorls. A t a diamelkr of 8 cm T . maynci still has the close-spaced prirnary ribs which c,haracter.ise the iirner whorls oI hot,h species; they bifurcate with an occasional interT. maynci var. contigun (1952, p. 14, 111. 2, calated secondary. SPATIL'S fig. 1, pl. 3, fig. 1, pl. 4, Gg. 2), however, becorr~csmore like T. payeri in ornamenl, with wider-spaced primaries and bunched seconrl;iries, though the umbilic~~s rcrrlains small. Mntcrial: Found on l.he Niesen only. Small examples which may belong l,o the species fonnd by the writer a t 305 m and by S.I.,ANDRING from the same horizon, recorded as 322 m. Typical impressions of larger individuals, and a close-ribbed form, from 360-370 m. 1951 Genus SIIRITES SAZONOV, Type species: Surites pechorensis Snzoxov 15451, by original ~lesignabion. LUPPOVand URUSHCHITZ (1958, p. 92) regar~lcdthe genus as a 1935, but C.ASICY (1962, pp. synonym of Paracraspedites SWINNERTOX 97-98) has upheld i t and pointed out that. Paracraspedilrs is a Jurassic, bcsides the and S~zritesa Cretaceous genus. C.ASEYincllldcri in S~ri1e.T~ type species, S. kozalcowianus (ROG~SLOVSKY), S. spasskensis ( N I R I T I N ) , S. srz,prasubdilus ( R o ~ o s ~ u v s and x ~ ) S . tzik?c:inianus (R~GOSLOVSKY). Typical Sarites show a lorward curve of the rills over the vcnter, and a shortening of the primary ribs on the outer wlrorls.
Surites spasskensis (NIKITIN) Trnt-fig. 3 a , b. 1881. Oleostephan?rs apasskmsis KIKITIY,p. 6 5 , pl. 1, fig. 9-11. 1897, Olcostephan~~.s spnsskensis ~ I K I T ~ KB. o c n s ~ , u v s a r ,p. 141, pl. 2, figs. 1 a , h
Type: The example figured by NIKITINis accepted as the holotype of the species. The genns and species is represeritcd in East Greenland by two
Iv
Slratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of East Greenland
n of: A, Surites spnsskensis ( S L K L T apl)r~xi~naLrl,y I\), Y 2. Fig 3 . S ~ ~ t , u rlincs Copie
fragmentary examples fro111 the Niesen. One of 1,llese has ~~1111-preserved suture-lines w11irl1are sllown in t,ext figure 3 B. in fineOccurrence: Collected on the Niesen by A. J. STANDRING grained calcareous matrix a t an uncertain altitude, prohably 285 m., and in coarse sandstone a t 320 m.
Surifes tzikwinianus ( B o c o s ~ o v s ~ u ) P1. 7 , fig. 1. 1897. Olcont~phanr~s r;ikmirrirmr~s X o z n s ~ o v s ~pp. r , 59, 141, pl. 2, figs 6 a-rl
R o c n s ~ o v pointed s~~ out that S. tziku~ininnnsis 'lose t o his bide27), being distinguishc~l from i t by the whorl-section and
vrxa (see p.
proportions. Only one example, 7.9 cm in diameter, was figured by B o ~ o s ~ o v s On ~ u the . first half of the last whorl the primaries bifurcate regularly hut therealt1ersome extra secondaries appear and their conncction with the primaries is less definite. The secorldarics c,urve strongly forwards over the venter. Material: Found hy the writer at altitude 305 m on the norf.lleastern spur of t,he Niesen, northern Wollaslon Forland.
'Swites' sp. ind. 1'1. 7, figs. 2-5, text-fig. 3 U, 13.
A group of ammonites from the Lower Riesen Beds resemblc Staites in their general proportions and strong, sharp ribbing, hilt differ from typical members of the genus in t h a t the ribs pass nearly straight over thc venter, and fahereis no shortening of the primary ribs. The latter diflerence may be apparent rather t h a n real, and due Lo lhe fact that the outer whorls, where shortening occ,urs in SErites, are not preserved. A selection of specimens from thc ~ i e s c nis illustrated in plate 7, figures 2-5. All are somewhal distorled, so Lhal tho whorl-section is ~mknown.The umbilicus is around 30°/, of tlie diameter. Except for the smaller umbilicus and greater ol~erlapof the whorls, there is a strong rcsernblarlcr to Upper Jurassic genera such as Pnvlouia and Acuticostites. Sul,ure-lines have been exposed on two specimens and are shown in text-figure 3. The more complete (3 D) shows, dorsal t o the first external saddle1), five saddles diminishing regularly in size and rising towards tho umbilical margin so that a linc joining thcir t,ips or bases is oblique to tlie ribbing. I t shows close resemblance to Suriles spas.~krn,.~is. Occurrence: All examples are from the Niesen in northern Wollaston Forland. The genus occurs in a horizon of doggers at about 305-320 m, again in similar preservation a t 360-370 rn. I)
Terminology of suture-line as in the Treatise: A ~ n c r el. ~ul.
1955, p. L 19F~
REFERENCES TO LITERATURE AI.DIXGER, H., 1 9 3 5 : Geologische Henhachlnngen iln Oheren Jura des Scoresbysortdes (Ostgriir~lanrl). Medd. om Gmnl. Bd. 99, S r . 1. ARKEL,,W. .I., 1 9 & 6 : Standard of the European Jurassic. Bull. Geol. Soc. -4mer. Vol. 57, pp. 1-34. - 1956: Jurassic Geology of tho World. b:dinbnrgh & I,on,lon. - 1 9 5 7 : Contributions lo: Troatisc on Invcrtchrato Palcontology (Ed. 11. (:. Moore). Mollusca 4 . Ceplialopoda: Ammonoidea. Xcw York: Gcol. Soc. Amcr. B O D Y ~ . E V SW. K Y1,, 1 9 5 6 : The new genus Taim?/rocernsfrom Yorthern Siberia. Mater. Pal. Nat. Geol. Inst., Ser.ies "New lamilies & Genera", I.eningrad. - 1 9 5 8 : Upper durassic and Lowcr Crctaccous ccphalopoda from boreholos in the Yenisei esluary region. Trudi Kauk.-Issl. Ceol. Inst. Arkt. Tom 93, pp. 2;-40. Moscow. B o t i o s ~ . o v s ~X., u , 1 8 9 7 : Der Rjasan-Hurizont, seine Fauna, seine stratiprilphischen Hezichnngen und sein wuhrs~heinlichesI t e r . %rater. Geol. R~rssland,vol. 18, pp. 1-157, pls. 1-6. B U C H M AS. V ,S., 1923: 'l'ype Ammonites, vol. 4. London. C ~ ~ , ~ . o n t oJ.. i ,H . , 1961: The Jurassic System in East Greenland. Geology ol the Arctic (Ed. G. 0 . Raascl~)vol. I . , lrp. 258-268. Univ. of Torunto Press. CASRY, R., 1 9 6 1 : Geological ago of tho Sandringham Sands. Nature, vol. 1 9 0 (no. 4 7 8 1 ) , p. 1100. - 1962: The ammonites of the Spilsby Sandstone, and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Proc. Oeol. Soc. 1,ond. no. 15g8 (18. April 1962), pp. 95-100. DONOVAN D., T., 1 9 5 7 : The Jurassic and Crctareous Systems in East Gmenland. Medd. on1 Grenl. Hd. 155, Nr. 4. D O U Y I L LR., ~ , 1911. Arnrnoniles okensis D'ORBIGYY, 1845. Palaeontologia Universalis no. 213. I t . o v ~ ~ s xD. r , I. & F L ~ R E N S K K.YP., , l!Ihl: Contribution to the study ol llle Upper Jurassic ammonites of thc basins of the rivers Ural and Ilck. (Translation of title: original in Russian with French Summary). Contrib. Connais. GBol. 1!.1t.S.S. (Soc. Nat. Moscou). sBr. nouv., livr. 1 (51, 1 9 5 pp., 28 pls. Kncn, L., 1 9 5 0 : Report on ihe Expeditions lo Cenlral East Greenland 1926-39 conducted by Lauge Koch. Part 1. Xotes on somc topographical and geological maps u l East Grpanland. Medd. om Grwnl. Bd. 143, Kr. 1. L E X I Q USET R A T I G ~ A P I I I ISTERNATIONAL: QL-E U.R.S.S. Fasc. iii (6-Z), 1958. Paris (French tmnslation). Luppov, N. P , & DRCSACHITZ, V. V., 1958: Principles of Palacontology: Mollusca, 2. Ammonoidea (Ccratites and Ammonites), Coleoidea (Dibranchiata). Moscon.. MAYNC, W., 1 9 4 7 : ~ t r a t i g r a p h i eder ~urabildungenOstgrijnlands zwiscilen Hochstetlorhugten (75' X.)und dem Iiejser Franz Jusepli Fjord (73' N.) Medd. om Gronl. Bd. 132, Kr. 2. - 1949: The Crotaccous Beds hetneen Icuhn Island and Cape Franklin (Gauss Peninsula), Korthern East Greenland. Medd. om Gronl. Ed. 1 3 3 , Nr. 3.
NIKITIY,S., 1881: Die J~~ra-Ahlilgel,~ngen zwischen Ryhinsk, Mologa und Myschkin an der ubaren Wolga. MBm. Acad. Imp. Sci. S1. Pelersh., srr. 7, Tome 28 (no. 5). - 1884: Allgemeine Oeologiscllrn 1Carl.e van Rnssland. Blatl 56 ( J ~ r o s l a w l )MBm. . Corn. GAol. St. I'et,ersh., Tome 1 (no. 2 ) . - 1885: Allgemeine Geologischen Karte von Russland. Blatt 7 1 (Iiostroma). Ihid. Tome 2 (no. I ) . - 1888: 1,es vesl.igcs de la pdriodc Cr6t,accc dans la l<ussic ccntrale, (In Russian wilh P'ronch summary). l b i d . Tome 5 (no. 2). OVIICHKIN, N . K., 1958: (Editor). Structnre giologique de 1'U.R.S.S. Tome 1. Stratigraphic, Fasc. 1. (French translation). Paris: Centre Sationale do la llechrrche Scientifique, 1959. P * v ~ , o vA. , F., 1913: .h~rnssirand Lowcr Cretacrous cephalopnds of Nortllern Siberia (translation of title: original in Russian.) Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pelersh., ser. 8, C1. Pllys.-Math., Torne 21 (nu. 4). S . u , o ~ o vY , . T., 1951: On s u ~ n elitlle-known anlmonites from the Lower Crctaceons (translirtiorr of Lillr: original in Russian). 131111. Sac. Val. Muscuw, Geology series vnl. 26 (no. 5) pp. 57-63, pl. 1 . S o x n ~ o v U. , N., 1913: Sur les fossiles des blocks erratiqnes de Yovaja Zcmlia. Trav. Illus. gAol. Pierre-le-Grand, Torne 7 , pp. 551-92, pls. 1-3. SOWERBY J .,, 1822: The mineral conchology of Grcat Britain, vol. 4 (pars), up t o pl. 382. 1,ondon. Sowennu, .I. dc C., 1823: The mineral conchology of Great Britain, vol. 5 (pars), from pl. 384 onward. London. SPATU,L. F., 1936: The L-pper Jurassic invertebrate faunas of Cape Leslio, Milnc Land. IT. Upper Kimmeridgian and Pnrllandian. Mcrld. om Grool. Rd. 99, Yr. 3 . - 1936 a : Am~nonit,cTerminology. (;col. Mag. vol. 73, p. 334. - 1946: Preliminary notes on the Cretaceous ammonite faunas of East Grcanlantl. Medd. om Gronl. Bd. 132, Nr. 4. - 1947: Additional ohservatiuns on the invertebrates (chiefly ammonites) of the Jurilssic ant1 Crelaceoms 111 Easl Gremland. I. The FIecrorocemr fauna of S. W. Jameson Land. Mcdd. om Gronl. Bd. 132, Nr. 3. - 1952: Additional observations un the invertebrates (chiefly ammonites) of thc Jurassic and Crrtaceuus ul East Greenland. 11. Some Tnlra-\'alangininn ammoniles from 1,indemans Fjord, Wollast,on P'orcland; with a nole on the base of Mcdd. om Gmnl. Bd. 133, Kr. 4. the (:ret,areo~~s. S w r ~ ~ e n H. ~ oH., ~ , 1935: The rocks below the Red Chalk of Lincolnshirc, and their cephalopod faunas. Quarl. Jonr. Geul. Soc. Land. vol. 91, pp. 1-46. Tour.*, F., 1874: Reschreihung mosozoisrher Versteincmngcn vnn der Ruho-lnsel. Zw. Ucutsch. Nordpolarfahrt. Bd. 2, pp. 495-507, pls. 1 , 2. Zonov, V. T., 1937: The stratigraphy of the Jurassic and Lon-er Neocomian of the central parts of the East-Europran ~llatlornr.I n : Geological Investigations of Agricultural Ores, U.S.S.R. (Transaclions Sci. Inst. Fer,Lilirers 8: Insecto-Fungicides, no. 142), pp. 32-43. Moscow & Leningrad.
Fardia Ira Lrykkericl den 25. mni 1961.
Plate I. Page
Figs i , 2 , 4 , 5. Lnugelies inier,,,rdius s r i . nu^. durnssio: 1,augeitrs Beds, locality 2, v v a t e n ~I < ~ i l ~$3. n 1, T l n l o l ~ ~'2., ~4 ,. 5 , 1,aral,-prs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. ..
20
Fig. 3 . .Trrhcr,~spcdiles (?Laugeiles)pi.cpl,co,npholus S ~ v ~ s x e n r oIIolotypc, s. x i).!i. Hritish h1useum ( N a t . Hist.) nu. 36364. F r u ~ nti,? lowcit six feet of t h c Spililly Sandstonel P a r t n e y , Lii~iwl,bsl~irr, Rnglantl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.22
Menu.
nhl
( : n n N ~ . E D . 154. Nn. 4. [UESSIOXD T.L)OSOVhN].
PL\.PII 1.
Plate 11. Page
Fig. 1 . L a u ~ e i , e sjon,c.w,ii sp. no". Jorassiv: T,a~~pril.es Beds, localily 6 , \\-eslern Kuhn D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Fig. 2. Lurcgrites parvus sp. nov. I'aratype. Jurassic: Larlgeiles nrds, locality 10, xvcstcrn Kuhn 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figs. 3 , 4. Lnupeites b~terrnediussp. nov. .lnrassic: I,a~rgeit,~s Bcds, localit,y 10, western Kuhn U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Plate 111. Fig" 1-10. Laccgtiles paruus sp. nor. Jurassic: Laugritrs Bnds, \ r , r l r r l i Iinhn 0. 2, Hulutype frurn locality 10. Others, paratypes: 1 , body-chamhrr frntn l o w l i l y 9 ; :3, 6, :, casls lrom nalllral molllds, locality ( 0 ; 4 . 5, ventral and sidr viclrs of aprrturc, locality 1 0 ; 8, noarly cnrnpl~feexample Irclrrl locality 9 ; 9, 10, nearly complctc example from locality 1 0 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\ler,~,. ox GRBNL.J3n. I s & .
Nn. 4. [ D ~ s x o x o'r. ~ o ~ o v ~ u ] .
PIATIC111.
Plate IV.
Pa~o
Figs. 1 , 2. L e u g ~ i t e ssp. no". Intrrnal m o ~ ~ l dor i : body-cliamhers. Jurassic: Langeites Reds, localily 10, weslern K I I ~ II?.I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. ...
23
Mr.no.
OM
GRIINL.U D . 15th. NR. 6 . [ D E S M O VT. I I DOYOVAN].
PLATE IV.
Plate V. Fig. 1. I A e u t i c o s t i t ~sp. Jurassic: Lar~geitesReds,
Page
local it^
7, western Kulrn 0 . 24
Figs. 2, 2. Glauco2ithiles spp. .li~rassic:I,augeilrs Beds,lucnlities 11 (fig. 2) and 5 (fig. 3 ) , wcstcrn Kuhn C I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Fig. 4 . Indeterminate perisphinctid ammonite. Jurassic: L a u g ~ i l r sBeds, locality 2, western Kulln I?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figs. 5, 6. 7Uuruuplur~itrs sp. .lnrassic: I > a ~ ~ g e i lDeds, es locality 7 , mestern Kuhn 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, Fix. 7 . ?Virgatosphir~cles sp. Jurassic: Laugcitcs Berls, locality 4 , western Knlin (1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Plate VI.
Page
Figs. 1-3. Tollia groenlanrli,;n (SPA-I.").Cretaceous: L-pper Harldjield Sandslonr of easterrk Milne Land. 1 , from an altitude of 440 m, Harlz Fjeld; 2 , plastrr casl Irom a natural mould, altitude nf 6 2 5 111, Hartz Fjcld; 3 , impression from a nal.ura1 mould, Hennigryggen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
Fig. 4. 'l'ollia bidcueza ( H o c o s r . o r s ~ u ) Plaster . cast from a natural mo~$lrl. Cretaceous: 'pper Hartzfjcld Sanilslone, just helow the summit of Hennigryggen, eastern Milne Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Fig. 5. Tollia cl. payeri [ T o o ~ a ) Cretaccoiis: . Lower Niesen Ecds, from an altiturlo of 365 m. on the rrurthern side of the Xiesen, northern Wollaston Forland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Meuo.
OM
O R ~ N LHD. . 154. S n . 4. [L)ESMOND T. DONOVAN].
PLATEVI.
Plate VII. Page
Fig. 1. S u r i t ~ at;iku:inin,~u ( R u < : r i s l . n v s ~ ~Plrrstpr ), cast from nalural monld. Cralacen~ls:T.ouer Nirsrn U ~ d s allih~rle , 305 rn, on the northern sidr of Ihr Niesen, northern Wollaston Forland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
31
Figs. 2-5. 'Suriles' sp. ind. Cretaceous: Lower Nicscn Hccls, n n r l h r r ~ bside of the Nipsen, nortllern IVulluston Forland. 2, 3, 5 collectrd a l an allitudr of 3211 rn h ~ - . & , . J . . ' ~ ~ n o1852. n ~ ~ c4,, from an altitude of 360 m. The slil11i.elines of llir origin~lsnc ligs. 3 & 5 ape sIio\\-n in text~figures3 D, E.. . . . . . . 32
M E D D .O M CRBNL.R I ~1511. . NR.4.
[I)F.s\~OND
T.
I)ONOYhX].
PLATE VII.
Pare
Figs. 1, 2. iSuheraspediles suhur~delalu,~ SIIISYKWI.(IN. Holotypc, Svili~11Museun~ (Nat. tlisl.) 1lu.C36337~S I V I N N E ~ T roll. O S1 , X O . i ( j . 2, apprnx. ,,at. site. From thi: base or tllr Spilsbl- Slilrl~dstone,bcd D, Fnrdiugton Boring., I.irlcs., Engl:~nd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 Figs. 0 , 4 . Srrhcrnspeditcs prirrti(luus S ~ I S X K R T ~Holotypc, ~N. Brilislr hluseum (Yat. Hist.) ni!. C36350, S w l n s ~ n ~coll. o ~ Frorri !lie base of tllp Spilshv Sundstonc, hcrl I), Fol,dinptum Raring, Lincs., lingland.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fig. 5. Lnugciies internrrdir~s SII. nnv. Jurassic: Laugeilts nrds, localify I I . \~c~slevn Iiulln I3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 I7g. 6 . Laugaires pnrrirrs sp. n o r . Jurassic: L a u g ~ i l r sRrds, locality 10, western I
Plate IX. Pane
Fig. 1. S~ubernnpedit~s sou,erbyi SPATE.Spilslry Sandstonc, road cut,t,ing a/, rnilr nurl.11 or Spilslby, I.incolnshirc, England: British 3luscum (Nat. Ilist.) r r o . ( : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , S W I N ~ R. .T. .O. .N. .C. .O. .~. ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Fig. 2. An~mo,,iteaplicomphalns J . R O \ \ E K H Y , IToI~t,ype, Icnm (he Spilshy S ~ n d slone, Rolinghrolie, Lincolnshire, England: liritish Musrum (Tat,. TIisI,.), rtn. 43892a, S D W ~ R Broll. Y f'rc~ior~sly fig~lrcclh? .I. S O W E K I 1822, I Y , ?line1~x1Con<,hologyvol. iv, p1. 359.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
M E D D . oh, CIrnilx~. Bo. 154. Nn. 4 . [ D e s ~ l o ~ T. 1 1Da~ov.tn].
PLATETX.
