INTI\ODUCTION ~
TEACHERS of courses in commercial artJmechanical drawing' and dra.ftins' will find this book a practical guide to letteri~ and poster art. All such courses shoula include a working knowledge of the basic alphabets and the tools best suited to their production.
STUDENTS who follow instructions given herein and practice regularly and intelligently can be assured of satisfactory progress, for anyone who can write can learn to letter. No unusual talent is required. CRAFTSMEN can improve their tech-
niques and increase their incomes by using this book for instruction and inspiration. Merchandising' depends so much upon showcards for quick turnover that we seldom see displays without them. Supplying this need means that experienced, versatile letterers are in. demand everywhere. for steady employment, few occupations offer the opportunities enjoyed by poster artists who are able to do good lettering at a commercial speed.
TOOLS for LETTERING In making letters by hand,choose tlte style and size of pen that will produce their elements with the fewest strokes. There is a Speedball demgned .for e.ach ,of ~e different families of alphabets -
Wlth five SlZes m each style. _ _T_H_E ST Y LE 'A" THE S TYLE
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pen was the first
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pen was next
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de ve l oped for single stroke
stro'Re.
ROUND 60THICS
poster letters smgle
THE STYL£ ·c " pen was created to
THE STYL£·o ·
1lai:1e bY t he fle,cibl e hand·cut reed pen . It is used to make the graceful Roman a.nd
to produce the bold
petL.Wlth its oval
iiuP.licate the strokes
marking tip is used
POSTER
Roman alphabets elements. with 'thickand thic~er •
Italic alpha.bets with 'thick and thin' elements.
THE NEWEST SPEEDBALL pens are trademarked "FLICKER·. Thew ink reservoirs are
hinged flicking wen simultaneously so they can be
wiped clean. Tlte F8 6 is equippeli with ruling flaHges fOr
_:____ --==drafting work.----------....;;;--= Keep your clean! The best way to clean !etten~ a- rir:~•.vino- pens is to scrub them gently..... with a wet tooth brush
6000 INKS ARE NECESSAR.Y FOR GOOD LETTERING-.
MOST STANDARD BRANDS OF WATERPROOF BLACK DRAWING INK CAN BE USED.
c71rtists ..... .. . who desire a .specially prepared ink that has oroved e'fcepttonally .sa.cce.ss{ul in thi.s type of draWinq and lettenng pen con obtain opeed.ball iHJu from their .stationer or art dealer. They are made in all the Drilliaillt color.s
of the rainboW, plus black and white.
lllultr<>h•'"" .Ub.l mcthod> ,,( m•r.·u
n :lf'l""'ring in thi•lx-...>1< <.Up_vrigiu 1956 ~ H''""I'. G..~>~ »..d, "fJ,Jr.,,l, .. ,~_...,_,.. JIII,_N•N.~ ,..,.,._ ~,. ..Ma.l* ~ •f $fwt1N8 ~b ~ 'i>nts. I•!$, 7«r~""-li~ &II~,._
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TIPS for LETTERERS Letters should be drawn freehand ifpossible. .Practice regularly to secure freedom. grace and individual beauty Always use aT-square , or ruler for guide lines.
O
.
ertical position of hand in m - Roman letters lor
ooffi s!fles ·c·orD'
1Jstdes a set ofpen0 &ezy letterer() kit .should tnclude two or more red r5able SHOW CA.RD BRUSHES
in 8i:I;~
10-12 and 14 to take care cf the letter<5 that are too large
for the pen8.
satisfactori~ in, pens when thinned to a free-flowing consistency with a little of this solution---water: 9 ounces, alcohol, 1 ounce, gum mucilag'e.l ounce. and a few drops of glycerine. Do not ptepa.re a. large quantity .because they work best when freshly mixed. Keep well stirred.
SHOW CARD COLOR.S prepared. for brush use will work
CARDBOA~D comes in sheets 22 •28, or 28·44 inches. To avoid waste in cutting, the usual sizes for posters are 1-Irinches, ll•l{
COATED
inches or 14 • 22.
me
Price tickets are smaller and vary in .s sQalle. for tips on poster and price card layouts see page 96. 2
44'
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lET!ER!NG
7he 71LreeCJJasic Groues
can be segregated mlo lhrce basic groups narne!Y. ROman. Golh.Lc. and. 'Tcxl styles From these three all alphabcls originate. The simple elements from which. thry are
l2othk A6CDEFGH
composed a1·e easy to learn amt not hard to form wilh. a shoca.Ri brush or Speedball pen. Elements cf Roman letter& are made with"Cor'D"pens
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Time and. e!Torl will b<.• •hinuni·u:d by using lhe si-ze aM ;>l:yle of pet\ or bru.slt "·h•ch will IOrm llw. d,ff<·•-cnl ldkrs of aJ!)' ~ alpha.bel: without Sltbs<:qucnt remodeling .i the strol<es.
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ELEMENTARY GOTHIC PRACTICE EX.ERCISES 1l
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'11ie ROMAN Alphabets The Roman alphabet is both beautiful and usefUl
It lends itself to individual modifications and type innovations which are usually created simply by cha~ng the design of the serif (see page 3) or by adding a few ornamental touches to the body of the letter. Por descripjiVe copy or/or Words of special t!1H-phasis, Italics caJI be emploged effectiJ!e/1/. Italic letters are simplg slanted Vertical letters .
In learning the ·single stroke"Roman, analyzed on pages 17-21 study the letters carefully before usin~ the pen. Note where strokes are started and ended,their order of construction.and bow the pen is manipulated in producing them. Make a page of each letter, using a No. 2 style C pen. Try to combine .a smooth arm move..ment with a flexible manipulation of the pen. Next, make several pages of the full alphabets. Letters should be one inch high at first. ruling three guide lines for each line of copy. Keep the serifs as unifornL as possible and try to equalize the space between letters as 1
you work.
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a tokm of oar dpprrrution.
RCSC)1ution. letter~ with Style "C'' f)C'n•. Tht .cript is lettered witb a C·6 PtO
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THE PRINT-ER'S WORD for the ARRANGEMENT of 'copy•
Copy containing' only a few words and perhaps an illustration, is not hard to lay out: B¥-t suppose qour customer qiVes z;ou COPlf lzk.e thzs ~ a pzcture, plus the words ....... ., .._ UAUTtfol. G~~t>t.N
co.
su??LY L~~iS\~t. Nl> ~E-rAtJ... W"OLt.S~l.'£. A 5fll· M~IH 3134 M~~\
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fLO~Eft £ "'S Of -roo L.S ALL ~~~II
?
SPACING I. Different letters and dividing areas seldom occupy like spaces. 2. Words rt"ad better when the spaces between the letters a<e less than half the space occupied by the letters themselves. 3. For convenience, letters may be divided into three classes: Regular, E-H·l·M-N and U; Irregular, A-F-J-K-t-P-R·T·Y·W-X-Y and Z; Circular, B-C-D-G-0-(P)·Q-(R).S·& and?. 4. Ugly gaps between irregular shaped letters can be avoided by fitting thern closer together according to their shape. 5. Circular and irregular shaped letters should cut into the spaces between them and the letter. adjoining their .cucved or jrregular sides, the amount thus taken from the "dividing" aetas helps compensate for the extra space created by the form of the letter. 6. Lettexs can also be 8<0uped as Narrow, B-E-P-1-J-L·P·S·T·Y and ?; Nomzal, C.D·G·H-K-0·
Q.a.u.v.x.z and&: and Wide, A-M-Nand W.
7. Compressing a wide letter to make it lit into a space that suits a narrow or a normal letter causes it to appear blacker than the rest of the letters. Aod stretching a narrow Iotter into the space of a wide One makes 11 appear lighter than the rest. 80
Simplified spacing guide for different letters-
This leuering chart illustrate.~ how different combinarions should be spaced. The full space as it appears between two straight lerrers is shown by the stippled block marked "A." Block "B" illusrraces the dividing area between two circular len
-
0
L
Tht examples shown here illusrrare how che different combinations work out in use.
In the word
"5padns" lerrers of the same si1.e an
The yard-stick spacing of " Minatown" shows what happens when leners are all fined into like areas wi th the some distance between them. Nore how sporty the different lerrers look, especially the M. A and Wand how unrelated the irregular letters appear. By making !heM, N, A, 0 and W wider ~nd ficcing the arreuular leuers opci<;ally co compensate for their shape: an even cone is obuined over all.
f-
OPTICALLY FITTE\> \£1'TEP$ '' NOT CRAMPED- GOOD UW•T
7
,~ARO STICK SPACING,, LETTERS+ SPACES OF LIKE WIOTH -POOR UNIT 1
Jt--------ot-r-·1-r------~-r:----::'1--t------+-l--:--~!*-----·++------
D .... A.K
~008\.ACK
••o,..-
OAR.K
TOO I!>IA(.K
OARK
81
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1
- EFFeCTWE USE
I
5·
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82
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TAPE/liNG LINES SU6GESTIN& RAPID MOVEMeNT
~POWER
~~
GREAT fOil(£ SUGGESTED BY liES/STANCE&. SLANTING BASE
DROOPING GIIACEFUL CURYES
S/KiGEST ABSENCEwRESISTANCE
STRAIGHT liNES MEWN(i AT SHAIIP
ANGLES·ALL CURVES ELIMINATED
::I~,J~~l~!~ ffiJlJllU.~ l=!::f:~:t-~ I~ I ANY SUG(;fSTION
:==~=-=:-: OF ACTION
sPIIIAL LINES SUG(;ESTIN6 R.HYTHMIC MOTION
~~.~~ STAG(;ERED, JIIGGEDLY BROKEN,
TAPER£() STRAIGHTIJNES·"'~M>~JSI!t:TION
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ASimplified System r
/'or
enlarging or Reduciny Pictures
ENLARGEMENT ORIGINAL (or reduction) 83
STRUCTURE ~(]]~ [p
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in moin letters in bold lYM· tef111e facial olJter detail. Y changed to a [ttting t;ype 2 t.Paint
EliY I
COl OR.
l COLOR
3
cow-.
5
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4
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letteri11q in suhjedion to JIIQ/11 klters
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SHELTERED
INLAND SEAS
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AT4LE OF
ROAR IN& RAILS back in the days
00
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before
s~ance ORIGlngof iJ<
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GRECIAN
SALON
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88
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91
Sketching Nature With the Speedball pefl.J
..
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PenDm"ins
h,y eNrlts StOntr versatile pen, the Speedball C·6, ma.Res it possible to capture fleeting Jmpress1ons as in the above ·Early morning in the snow· pen sketch. All that is reqUJred for a field trip JS the C- 6 pens, black. dr.a\ving ink and sketch block. Increase your skilll:y draWing directly \\'Jth the pen Without pre-sketching the subject in pencil. 92
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RECREA - -I i0N -~- WI]
A
A S
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f\C\ION IS E/\SY
HOliCE lHAT THE HIP
CARRYINCT
'TIIf. BODY'S WEIGHT IS HIGHER
AND THE. C:ORRlSPONOIN6
SHOULOEP. IS LOWEll.
94
NOlKE .o.LSO lMAl THl 5UPVOII.llt-.ICT -.. "'·'~ fOOl IS 011\ECTLY UNOEII. CEHlfll. OF GRAVITY
4
95
slso MODERNE
$115.
96
INDEX Adl>'«httOI U~1:1Utt
and ?c.uu
A<>do
•
"*
ll, 46. <7. 82-90 16,83
Ar.::h.:t«u' (',oda.c Atdl:ucc.. $. t1N ••
n
Basic ktttf G~p.. Border l)("iCI'• , Brut!~ Alr!ubcts
3
Amma &id O...rU!t, R - " •. f~r
l2 (color), 69
.n
On.fbmQ's S.:npt
32
Oecouh\'C ln1 t1.1ls
. <'1. <9 (color), 61, 71 .6-9
ElcmtntJry E"e:r~1teS Elecncnu o.f B.uw: Alph.lbcts
10-SI (
Pn~
66-a 71·7<
Eoluccaa: •
c.n-<J ea..
(tAl~. (':.o:,'ft..knKd BolJ . lut~. St)·k C . . . I uti~. Swuh M('tropr»lu~n l>ottt.r
51
Pt:ntc:r,·
40
Sh.1dow ... , • Sbm S.:nrt .
59 30
.
Tn-Lnr Uocu.l •. Vcm.;:.ll M.,nu-"!ript Vc.wc.•l &ript. , ln:cu!A, dc.;(·r~uvt
36 49 (colo<). 65 26 1S l9 56
I! lO ~
,
l9 ll
•
Callicnl'l>«
lS
R..ound H.lnd Sbtn SpN">.ih.all $f"«dbJll, Style 8 T1:l~. s,.tdb.>ll. S•yle o. Vert1wl, Style A
')()
)~
30 H l1.36
"ll
•
9l-9f
91
67 68
66.71 71 12
,,
66. 68
Old English
71
Otn3-menul • . ••. •• Sprxdb.U.S.,!., C&' D ......
69
C•,.! Alpb>bc1 •
NUlVl:ERA.LS
R..O~A.N T
to, Bl
Ckrman Got!u.;. St\'l.c A.
64
.,.
n. t6. 11
En~··
10. 11
4
1. "'·
Cudv..-:~tcn"
31 )8
4-
7l
Bl..ck
. ll li.IO U,SI-90
M-IZiic. do:or:tb\'C
...
)5
24
TEXT ALPHABETS
. 41
B
21
IS. 19
\\'cnon'• ~ 1"t Tat Sen{, and Tht-lr Ust Sr.a.:u"l Letuu Suck f1guru S)•mbolf ••• ,
?1
Bold Rom.ul, Sl)'lt D
2
17
)1),
Sw.uh
MANUSCRlPT ALPHABeTS
I
l7
Per~f:t··
10, II
M.!RBokl Rj t!:U.n, Condctsl....t &IJ itl'f!l.ln., St)·loe: C . ~J R· .rno~t\, St)·l.t: D ~>~srlay • . . . Cod1ic .... , . Slam Scnrt SI>O
VcrtJC,~ol. Style
..
.• ·
Ad\'Crlifln~.
ITALJC ALPHAll£T'S
Cllhl!UPhW:
))
1S
Arc.bn«u &' l'>r.tfumen
63 69
<<. <~.
••
SCRII'T ALI'HABHS
n
T«t, Sc)'k A
_ .
•
Sltltk Sttc"l~t. M·'«m soo&:tc Suoltor. Styk C. Stunt St.yl.e A
S8 57
s.,-,<J Heodlmc
16 22 2) 43 14 26.19. )I 27 l8
J7tb Ct:ntury Orru.mtt\W.. Su'lcl~ Srro\.c. E\ .&d
55 53 ll ll
"
Alptubcts .•...
Hu.too· •nd Utt: l:.d"'· II<>Ll
. 6-9 11
Po.
15 $6
C<~.F Nmchft
62
1\ounJ Sn!{,
61
73.79
frrx
37
«)
96
fotnul
S8
Nowlty
s,....rt..n
Cre:~.ti()C\ of
H 40
Elment..ry &:ercistl . • lt:~ha . • • -·. l.u>< Mldnn C.p
I. 2 ll, •fS•47. 51 (cotur}.Sl-90
Ot\ri4.,.
Cbm;
1, 11-n
Cre.t!MII O.u•m OupiJy. Dt.~(hmc:n • • •. . .
Cut:
Bulkon
. s
Cond
91 ~n..s
Bw.it-up
• S<
..
.SO (colo<), 71. 7<
llrwl>
..8.9
lltu•h
c.n.v~
41 )4
Tickeu., &-.~4
•
COTHIC ALPHABETS Btianncr.. • ...• .. . lllo.:.k, H..tr Poster •.
l3
• ,
ROMAN AlPiiABETS
83
ft-olut'lf-11 ol Lcuu Style.
S.l"-t
Ptn Skttchtn1 . P~. Tbnr L J\.,ttU
3
£ocr-··.,.,..r!.ltcd
w
$8
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C«mc:
~
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Butl«!'t. Cun.1v.&l Dl.vtn.tty.
ll
c..tb.:r-.arJUc: l..
NOVELTY ALI'IIABETS
It
IllillNV~ VII
10
II
I#
I;J
14
14
ld
YUIJXXXIXII XIIIXNXYN XWXVIIIXIXXXXXV XXX XXXV XL. XLV LNLXLXX I~XXV IXXXXCCCXXV ChOCCCLrniCD ll 0C lXX; 17
7~
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19
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M
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:xCMitVII
7#
#-0
~
.,
"-""
1947
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(.HOWARD Cll!l.i!n 1 Vu
HUNT PEN (0. _..._ .. ..
