Prenatal Mouse Brain Atlas

PRENATAL MOUSE BRAIN ATLAS PRENATAL MOUSE BRAIN ATLAS Color images and annotated diagrams of: Gestational Days 12, 1...

Author: Uta B. Schambra

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PRENATAL MOUSE BRAIN ATLAS

PRENATAL MOUSE BRAIN ATLAS

Color images and annotated diagrams of: Gestational Days 12, 14, 16 and 18 Sagittal, coronal and horizontal section

Uta Schambra, Ph.D. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City, TN 37614

Illustrations by Barbara A. Connelly

Author Uta Schambra Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University P.O. Box 70852 Johnson City, TN 37614 USA [email protected]

ISBN: 978-0-387-47089-4

e-ISBN: 978-0-387-47093-1

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008924612 ¤ 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

To my children Eric, Kirsten, and Heidi

CONTENTS

Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Methods References Index Gestational Day 12 16 Sagittal Sections Enlargements: Ganglia, Inner Ear Pituitary 22 Coronal Sections Enlargements: Cranial Nerve Nuclei 1 (III, IV, VI) Cranial Nerve Nuclei 2 (Vmo, Vsen, Vmes, VII) 18 Horizontal Sections Enlargements: Cortical, Thalamic and Tectal Neuroepithelium Eyes Gestational Day 14 20 Sagittal Sections Enlargements: Ganglia, Inner Ear Cerebellum 33 Coronal Sections Enlargements: Septal Area, Olfactory Bulb and Nerve Eyes 24 Horizontal Sections Enlargements: Cortical Neuroepithelium, Lateral Ganglionic Eminence Internal Capsule, Stria terminalis, Stria Medullaris Medulla Cervical Spinal Cord

ix xi xiii xv xvii xix 1-33 4 20 35-79 64 66 81-117 84 98 119-159 136 151 161-227 168 184 229-277 238 249 274 276

Gestational Day 16 16 Sagittal Sections Enlargements: Olfactory Bulb Cerebellum 30 Coronal Sections Enlargements: Cortex, Lateral Ganglionic Eminence Hippocampus, Thalamus 17 Horizontal Sections Enlargements: Cortex Cervical Spinal Cord Gestational Day 18 17 Sagittal Sections Enlargements: Hippocampus, Thalamus, Internal Capsule Midline Forebrain Structure 26 Coronal Sections Enlargements: Olfactory Bulb Corpus Callosum, Septal Area 15 Horizontal Sections Enlargements: Cerebellum Olfactory Bulbs

279-311 292 302 313-373 330 350 375-409 390 400 411-445 422 442 447-499 450 464 501-531 509 523

vii

PREFACE

This atlas is designed to support research in neuroscience, gene manipulation, molecular biology and neurotoxicology. For researchers unfamiliar with the developing mouse brain, full sections are shown to aid in the orientation and comparison to their own sections. This atlas provides complete sets of sagittal, coronal and horizontal sections, useful when determining which plane of sectioning may be most advantageous for a particular study. For instance, sagittal and horizontal sections are well suited for a quick scan of a brain, while coronal sections provide more detailed information. In the color images the hematoxylin stain provides excellent information on neurons at different stages of development, i.e., neuroblasts in ventricular zones are darkly

stained while maturing neurons in intermediate zones are lightly stained. In contrast, developing pathways and their glial scaffolding are stained deeply pink with eosin. Regions of particular developmental interest, for example the eye, cranial nerve nuclei, or ganglia, are photographed at higher power to show different stages of development. Special attention has been given to ventricular zones, the origin of all brain structures, in order to assist tracking cells carrying a specific gene. For instance, using the bacterial artificial chromosome vector method of producing transgenic mice (Nature 425: 917-925, 2003), the development of the neurons in a gene specific nucleus could be traced back to two progenitor cell in a related ventricular zone.

ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I want to acknowledge my autistic son Eric, whose continued struggle with his developmental disabilities inspired me to study normal and abnormal brain development in order to contribute to the research into the puzzle of autism. Also I want to thank my graduate advisors, Drs. Jean Lauder and Kathy Sulik who supported and encouraged me as an adult student to begin this work. Part of my Ph. D. dissertation resulted in the first prenatal mouse brain atlas (Atlas of the Prenatal Mouse Brain, Uta B. Schambra, Jean M. Lauder and Jerry Silver, Academic Press, 1992). That effort reflected my still growing knowledge of the developing mouse brain. I trust that the revisions in this new brain atlas reflect the most recent knowledge in the field of murine developmental neuroanatomy. I am greatly indebted and thankful to my assistant, Barbara A. Connelly, for her outstanding technical work in preparation of the computer drawings from my tracings. She skillfully and patiently dealt with the never-ending stream of annotations, and prepared the manuscript and DVD for publication. I particularly appreciate her tireless and good-natured help throughout this project.

I also wish to express my gratitude to Brunhilde Tober-Meyer, DVM, MS, who out of friendship gave up golden days of retirement to tackle the unwieldy index (13,000+ entries were included). Her positive attitude towards this project and meticulous work was a great relief to me. I am very thankful for her help. I thank the Pathology Department at East Tennessee State University for the permission to use their Shandon Veristain 24-4 automated hematoxylin and eosin stainer to process the large number of slides for this project. This work was supported by the Dean of the Quillen College of Medicine and the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at East Tennessee State University and by Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. Thanks for their encouragement and patience to the editorial and production staff at Springer, Joseph Burns, Ann Avouris, Deborah Doherty and Laurin Becker. Last, but not least, I want to recognize the excellent works by Altman and Bayer, Paxinos et al., Jacobowitz and Abbott, and Kaufman (see reference list) whose publications helped me tremendously in my understanding of the developing rodent brain.

xi

INTRODUCTION

This Prenatal Mouse Brain Atlas provides comprehensive documentation of mouse brain development until shortly before birth (gestational day (GD) 19.5 average). It follows brain development from early discernable structures in embryonic heads on GD 12 and GD 14 to more clearly defined structures in fetal brains on GD 16 and GD 18. For additional information, sections are presented in the three cardinal planes, sagittal, coronal and horizontal. Genetic or toxicological manipulations may result in damaged offspring which are recognized by the mouse dams and cannibalized within the first few days. This makes studying the effects of manipulation in postnatal animals problematic, thus giving importance to a prenatal mouse brain atlas.

For ease of use, we only use unabbreviated annotations. Structures are identified with terms used in adult animals even if they are only an anlage or a precursor. Tracts are often labeled even though axons have not grown along the brightly eosin stained glial pathway. For convenience, a DVD is provided which contains all color images, matching drawings and the drawings superimposed on the images. This DVD provides an additional tool for the researcher who may want to print specific pages for further use. The web site, Electronic Prenatal Mouse Brain Atlas, www.epmba.org, provides expanded sets of annotated GD 12 and GD 16 coronal images, which can be viewed in high magnification. The GD 12 coronal set can also be viewed as 3D presentation, and can be virtually sectioned at different planes.

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METHODS

The widely used inbred mouse strain, C57Bl/6J (The Jackson Laboratories), was chosen for preparation of this atlas. Ten- to 20week-old females were time-mated from 9 to 10 am. The day a copulation plug was found was considered gestational day (GD) 0. At the time of sacrifice (10 am) on GD 12, 14, 16, or 18, pregnant dams were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg body weight). Embryos/fetuses were removed from the uterus, and their crown-rump length (CRL) recorded. Specimen of average CRL were chosen as follows: GD 12, 8 mm; GD 14, 12 mm; GD 16, 15 mm; and GD 18, 21 mm. GD 12 embryos were immersed in Bouin’s fixative for 24 hrs, and then rinsed in 70% ethanol for 1 week. GD 14 embryos and GD 16 and GD 18 fetuses were perfused transcardially at room temperature, first with 5 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then for 5 to 10 min (depending on size) with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS using a Masterflex pump (flow rate 0.1 ml/min). Following perfusion, whole heads (GD 14) or brains (GD 16, GD 18) were immersed overnight in the same fixative at 4°C, and then washed for two days in several changes of PBS. Specimens with similar CRL were selected and dehydrated in an ascending series of ethanols and xylenes. For embedding in Paraplast, specimens were placed on their sides for sagittal, with faces down for coronal, on their ventral surfaces for horizontal sectioning. Sagittal, coronal and horizontal sections were then cut at 10 ȝm with a rotary microtome. Because of sidewise rotation of the GD 12 embryos and the mesencepalic and pontine flexures, sections are not always strictly parallel to the midline or coronal. The GD 12

coronal embryo suffered forceps damage to its right cortex, which resulted in hematomas in the brain. Interestingly, these show well the still nucleated red and other developing blood cells. Tissue sections were deparaffinized in xylenes (3 x 6 min); ethanols (100%: 3 x 1 min, 95%; 1 x 1 min); running tap water (1 min); stained with hematoxylin (Richard Allan #7211, Fisher Scientific; 9 min); rinsed with running tap water (3 min); background staining removed with acid alcohol (4 ml conc. HCl / 750 ml 70% ethanol; 2 sec); rinsed in running tap water (2 min); passed through a bluing solution (ammonia water; 2 ml NH3 / 750 ml H2O; 25 sec); rinsed in running tap water (3 min) and 95% ethanol (2 x 30 sec); stained with eosin Y (Richard Allan #7111, Fisher Scientific; 6 min); dehydrated with 95% ethanol (1 x 1 min); 100% ethanol (2 x 1 min); and xylenes (2 x 3 min). Stained sections were selected by areas of interest rather than at equal intervals. Whole sections were photographed with a Spot Insight 4 ver. 4.5.9.3 digital camera (Diagnostic Instruments) using a Leica Wild M420 macroscope. High magnification images were photographed using a Leitz Laborlux S with 4x, 10x and 20x objectives. Images were captured on a Mac Power PC G5, and then traced using Adobe Illustrator CS2 ver. 12.0.1 computer graphics systems. Structures were delineated as follows: central nervous system structures, inner ear and eye, 1 point (pt) solid; fiber tracts, 0.5 pt dashed; ganglia, olfactory and auditory epithelium, 0.75 pt solid; peripheral nerves, 1.0 pt dotted; head structures, 0.5 pt solid; vessels, 0.5 pt dashed. Color of images was adjusted, if necessary, in Adobe Photoshop CS2 ver. 8.0.

xv

REFERENCES

Altman, J., and S. A. Bayer. (1995). “Atlas of the prenatal rat brain development.” CRC Press, Ann Arbor. Altman, J., and S. A. Bayer. (1997). “Development of the cerebellar system in relation to its evolution, structure, and functions.” CRC Press, Ann Arbor. Cajal, S. R. Y. (1995). “Histology of the nervous system of man and vertebrates, Vol. 1.” Translated by Neely Swanson and Larry W. Swanson. Oxford University Press, New York. Cajal, S. R. Y. (1995). “Histology of the nervous system of man and vertebrates, Vol. 2.” Translated by Neely Swanson and Larry W. Swanson. Oxford University Press, New York. Carpenter, M. B. (1976). “Human neuroanatomy,” 2nd Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. Haines, D. E. (2008). “Neuroanatomy: an atlas of structures, sections, and systems,” 7th Ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. Jacobowitz, D. M., and L. C. Abbott. (1998). “Chemoarchitectonic atlas of the developing mouse brain.” CRC Press, New York.

Jones, E. G. (2007). “The thalamus.” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Kaufman, M. H. (1992). “The atlas of mouse development.” Academic Press, San Diego. Paxinos G. (1995). “The rat nervous system”, 2nd Ed. Academic Press, San Diego. Paxinos, G., K., W. S. Ashwell, and I. Törk. (1994). “Atlas of the developing rat nervous system,” 4th Ed. Academic Press, San Diego. Paxinos, G., and K. B. J. Franklin. (2001). “The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates,” 2nd Ed. Academic Press, San Diego. Paxinos, G., G. Halliday, C. Watson, Y. Koutcherov, and H. Wang. (2007). “Atlas of the developing mouse brain at E17.5, PO, and P6.” Academic Press, San Diego. Valverde, F. (1998). “Golgi atlas of the postnatal mouse brain.” SpringerVerlag, New York.

xvii

INDEX

A A4-7 (Noradrenergic nuclear complex) · 60, 62, 68 A6 (Locus coeruleus) · 140, 142, 210, 212, 256, 258, 294, 296, 366, 382-386, 424, 426, 440, 444, 490, 492, 512, 514 A9 (Substantia nigra) · 30, 58, 90, 132, 134, 138, 140, 204, 246, 250, 252, 296, 356, 358, 360, 382-386, 392, 426, 428, 440, 444, 510-516 A9 (Substantia nigra, compact part) · 56, 200, 202, 486 A9 (Substantia nigra, reticular part) · 196-202, 484, 486 A9-10 (Dopaminergic nuclear complex) · 56 A10 (Ventral tegmental area) · 16, 18, 22, 26-30, 56-60, 90, 138, 144, 146, 152, 198-204, 250, 252, 296-300, 304, 356-364, 384, 388, 430-436, 486, 512 Abducens nerve (VI) · 52, 126-130, 156, 188, 190, 262 Abducens nucleus · 14, 16, 22, 60-64, 108-112, 152, 208, 264, 298, 308, 366, 396, 434-438, 520 Accessory cuneate nucleus · See External (lateral) cuneate nucleus Accessory nerve (XI) · 216, 496 Accessory nucleus · 276, 396, 430 Accessory olfactory bulb · 126-130, 140, 142, 162, 164, 242, 286-296, 308, 310, 314, 428, 430, 448, 452, 516, 518

Accumbens nucleus · 44, 100, 102, 124-130, 146, 152-156, 176, 178, 246, 284-288, 294-298, 308, 320-328, 332, 336, 402, 406, 420, 426, 428, 430, 438, 440, 444, 456-462, 466, 520, 524 Accumbens nucleus, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 42 Adenohypophysis (Pituitary, anterior lobe) · 16-22, 108, 110, 146, 148, 152-156, 196-200, 262, 482 Adrenergic nucleus (C1) · 218 Alveus · 288, 290, 414, 418-424, 432, 434, 474-478, 504, 506, 514 Ambiguus nucleus · 30, 76, 114, 148, 152, 218, 220, 222, 270, 272, 370, 372, 398, 436, 496, 498, 524 Amygdala · 6, 8, 48, 50, 90-94, 100, 186, 346, 414, 476, 478, 518 Amygdala, subventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 346, 348 Amygdala, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 346, 348 Amygdalohippocampal area · 282, 414-418 Amygdaloid neuroepithelium · 90, 92, 96, 98, 122, 124-128, 158, 246-254, 280-284, 346, 348, 416, 418, 520 Anterior ampulla · 206 Anterior amygdaloid area · 156, 282, 284, 340-344, 416, 418, 472-476 Anterior cerebral artery · 32, 48, 94, 96, 100, 102, 172-178, 326, 456, 460, 462, 456, 472 Anterior chamber of eye · 182, 184

Anterior commissure · 122-130, 152-158, 178, 246, 250, 252, 280-300, 304-310, 320-328, 332-406, 416, 426, 430-444, 518 Anterior commissure, anterior part · 126-130, 152, 154, 158, 172-176, 246, 250, 252, 284-296, 308, 320-336, 338, 340-406, 424-428, 444, 458-462, 466-470, 520 Anterior commissure, intrabulbar part · 522 Anterior commissure, posterior part · 122-126, 154, 156, 178, 246, 250, 280-290, 294, 300, 308, 334-402, 414-420, 424-428, 468-472, 520 Anterior diencephalic fold · 14-18, 30, 32, 48-52 Anterior hypothalamic area · 28, 94, 96, 104, 140, 142, 148, 258, 398, 428, 436, 474-478 Anterior hypothalamic area, intermediate zone · 50 Anterior hypothalamic area, ventricular zone · 50 Anterior hypothalamic neuroepithelium · 12, 26 Anterior hypothalamic nucleus · 100, 102, 188-192, 254, 256, 300, 304, 402, 404 Anterior lobe (of pituitary, Adenohypophysis) 16-24, 108, 110, 146-156, 196-200, 262, 264, 482 Anterior olfactory nucleus · 102, 122, 130, 146, 164-168, 244, 246, 250, 286, 290, xix

xx 292, 296, 304, 308, 310, 318, 406, 430, 440, 444, 526 Anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part · 286, 288, 292, 430 Anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part · 286, 288, 426, 452, 454 Anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part · 520 Anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part · 290-296, 454 Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part · 292, 428, 430, 444, 522, 524, 528, 530 Anterior pretectal nucleus · 16, 152, 188-196, 240, 242, 298, 300, 348-354, 380, 382, 430, 480, 482, 504, 506 Anterior (superior) semicircular canal · 68-74, 106, 108, 114, 116, 136, 204, 208-218, 260 Anterior thalamic nucleus · 16, 18, 46, 88, 92, 132, 138-148, 178, 180, 240-250, 430, 444 Anterior thalamic nucleus, intermediate zone · 178 Anterior thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone · 22, 26, 90 Anterodorsal hypothalamic nucleus · 306, 342, 344, 398, 430, 432, 518, 520 Anterodorsal preoptic nucleus · 520 Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus · 338, 340, 392, 472 Anteromedial thalamic nucleus · 298, 300, 304, 306, 310, 338, 394, 396, 432, 436-442, 472, 514, 516 Anteroventral hypothalamic nucleus · 306, 342, 344, 398, 402, 430, 432, 524 Anteroventral thalamic nucleus · 296, 338, 340, 394, 472, 474, 512, 514 Aqueduct · 10-16, 22-32, 56-76, 82-100, 140-158, 182, 186, 188, 194-220, 236, 240-244, 246, 250-258, 302-310, 348,

Index 352-370, 376-380, 434, 436, 440-444, 480-484, 488, 492, 494, 502-506 Aqueduct, intermediate zone, inferior colliculus · 246, 250, 252 Aqueduct, intermediate zone, tegmentum · 60 Aqueduct, subventricular zone, tectum · 208 Aqueduct, ventricular zone, inferior colliculus · 72, 76, 210-214, 218, 254, 368 Aqueduct, ventricular zone, periaqueductal gray · 32 Aqueduct, ventricular zone, superior colliculus · 200, 210, 212, 216, 368 Aqueduct, ventricular zone, tectum · 14, 16, 56-62, 68, 196, 198, 208 Aqueduct, ventricular zone, tegmentum · 14, 16, 56-62, 68, 194-198 Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus · 14, 16, 54, 100, 144, 194, 196, 258, 260, 298, 300, 304-308, 352-356, 398, 402-406, 430-434, 480-484, 524-530 Area postrema · 142-152, 266 Atlas (C1 vertebra) · 220 Auditory cortex · 346-352, 480, 482 Auditory cortex, cortical plate · 350 Auditory cortex, lateral ventricle, intermediate zone · 350 Auditory cortex, marginal zone · 350 Auditory cortex, lateral ventricle, subventricular zone · 350 Auditory cortex, lateral ventricle, ventricular zone · 350 Auditory meatus · 202 B B1 (Raphe pallidus nucleus) · 66, 154, 156, 210, 214-218, 224, 370, 402, 404, 498

B1-3 (Serotonergic nuclear complex) · 72-76 B2 (Raphe obscurus nucleus) · 14, 16, 114, 116, 154, 156, 222, 264, 266, 276, 372, 396, 398, 402, 494, 498 B3 (Raphe magnus nucleus) · 14, 18, 20, 62-66, 70, 102-108, 112, 202-206, 258, 262, 362, 366, 368, 404, 428, 488-494, 524-530 B5 (Median raphe nucleus, pons) · 18, 20, 22, 56- 58, 60, 148, 152, 200-204, 208, 254-260, 360-364, 384-388, 392-396, 488, 512-518 B6 (Dorsal raphe nucleus, pons) · 18, 148, 152-256, 298, 306-310, 432 B7 (Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain) · 22, 24, 62, 68, 148, 152, 154, 206-212, 246, 250-254, 360, 364, 366, 380, 382, 438, 488, 490, 510 B8 (Median raphe nucleus, midbrain) · 204- 208, 386 Basal nucleus of Meynert · 286, 470-474 Basilar artery · 14-20, 56-64, 68-74, 92-96, 100, 112-116, 198-206, 210-222, 268-272, 364-370, 486, 488 Basioccipital bone · 202-206, 216, 272 Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus · 124, 126, 280, 346, 348, 398, 412, 476-480, 518, 520 Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus · 158, 254, 282, 346, 348, 398, 414-420, 476-480, 524 Basosphenoid bone · 188-200 Bed nucleus of accessory olfactory tract · 284 Bed nucleus of stria terminalis · 14, 16, 28, 46-50, 92, 132, 134, 138-142, 152, 178-182, 246-252, 290, 294, 296, 308, 310, 338, 340, 398, 402, 428, 430, 442, 468-472, 516-520

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Index Blood vessel · 40, 42, 66, 84, 86, 330, 442 Brachium of inferior colliculus · 12, 88, 204,-214, 242-246, 254, 294, 296, 360366, 376, 424, 426, 484-490, 502-506 Brachium of superior colliculus · 12, 54, 56, 82, 86, 88, 132, 134, 144, 154-158, 192-200, 232-236, 240, 294, 296, 300, 348-364, 378, 422, 424, 428, 442, 444, 480, 482, 504, 506 C C1 (Adrenergic nucleus) · 218 CA1 (Hippocampal region) · 422, 474-478 CA2 (Hippocampal region) · 422, 474-478 CA3 (Hippocampal region) · 422, 476, 478 CA4 (Hippocampal region) · 478 Cajal-Retzius cells · 390 Caudate-putamen · See also striatum · 8-12, 32, 122-1126, 152-158, 170-174, 242, 244, 282-288, 318-342, 388, 392-398, 414-428, 458-462, 466-480, 510-518 Cavernous sinus · 6-10, 28-32, 52-62, 68-72,104-108, 112 Cavity of lens vesicle · 50, 96, 98, 110 Cavum of septum pellucidum · 466, 512 Central amygdaloid nucleus · 126, 188-192, 252, 282, 344, 346, 396, 398, 414-418, 476-480, 518, 520 Central canal · 78, 158, 226, 272-276, 394-400, 428 Central canal, ventricular zone, spinal cord · 16, 428 Central gray · See Periaqueductal gray Central lateral thalamic nucleus · 88 Central medial thalamic nucleus · 18, 28, 90, 140-144, 180, 182, 186-190, 240244, 300, 308, 310, 342, 344, 388, 392, 432-436, 440, 474-478, 480, 512, 514

Central medial thalamic nucleus, subventricular zone, third ventricle · 180, 182, 186 Central medial thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 92, 180, 182, 186 Central tegmental tract · 32, 240, 242, 378 Central thalamic nucleus · See Rhomboid thalamic nucleus Cephalic flexure · See Mesencephalic flexure Cerebellar neuroepithelium · 2, 6-18, 22-32, 68 Cerebellar nuclear neurons, migrating · 12, 26-32, 260, 382 Cerebellum · 130-138, 146, 150-158, 210-220, 258-262, 284-290, 296-310, 366-370, 380-386, 414-420, 424-440, 444, 490-498, 504-512 Cerebellum, intermediate zone, fourth ventricle · 74 Cerebellum, rhombic lip · 210 Cerebellum, ventricular zone, fourth ventricle · 74, 76, 150, 214, 216, 220, 368, 370 Cerebral peduncle · 14-18, 22-32, 54-60, 64, 88-94, 132, 140, 144, 148, 194-202, 246, 250, 252-258, 288, 296, 342-348, 352-360, 384, 386, 392-396, 422-428, 440, 476-486, 510-520 Cervical flexure · 14, 22 Cervical spinal cord · 400 Cervical spinal nerves · 220 Choroid fissure · 100, 112 Choroid plexus · 8-18, 22-32, 42, 78, 110, 112, 126-132, 136-158, 174-178, 182, 214-220, 236, 240, 248, 262, 264, 284, 286, 298-306, 328-340, 344, 350, 368, 370, 382-388, 394, 414-418, 430, 432,

436-440, 468-472, 492-498, 504, 510-516 Cingulate cortex · 84-90, 132, 134, 162, 164, 166, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 234, 236, 240, 304, 306, 316-328, 332, 334, 376-380, 434-442, 454-462, 466-470, 502-506, 514 Cingulate cortex, marginal zone · 24 Cingulate cortex, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 22, 38, 40 Cingulum · 318-328, 332, 334, 456-472, 502-506, 514 Claustrum · 120, 164, 282, 284, 318-328, 334-338, 414-420, 454-462, 466-470 Cochlear duct · 4-10, 26-30, 60, 62, 68, 108, 112-116, 132-146, 158, 202-210, 264-270 Cochlear nerve (VIII) · 4, 28, 62, 68, 108, 114, 116, 144, 266, 268 Cochlear neuroepithelium · 2-6, 32, 68, 70, 72, 100-112, 132, 136, 140, 206-210, 214, 216, 262, 296, 392, 414, 492, 494 Cochlear (spiral) ganglion · 4-8, 28, 30, 62, 68, 106-114, 136-144, 158, 204-210, 264-270 Commissure of inferior colliculus · 502 Commissure of superior colliculus · 140-146, 194, 196, 200, 204, 234, 308, 354-364, 430, 438, 484-492, 502 Cornea · 178-186, 256-260 Corneal epithelium · 98, 108, 254 Corneal stroma · 98 Corpus callosum · 316-328, 332, 414-418, 424, 430, 468, 470, 510, 514, 516 Corpus callosum, anterior forceps · 316-326, 420, 430-434, 454-460, 502, 504 Corpus callosum, genu · 326, 328, 332, 396, 436, 440, 444, 460-466, 504, 506, 510, 512

xxii Corpus callosum, posterior forceps · 416-420, 426, 472, 474, 502-506 Corpus callosum, splenium · 432, 442, 444 Cortex, intermediate zone, lateral ventricle · 120-124, 138, 144-148, 152-158, 164, 166, 172-178, 230-238, 280, 284-292, 304, 306, 316-340, 376, 378, 382, 390, 422, 454-462, 466, 502-506 Cortex, subventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 28, 120-124, 130, 146, 158, 164, 166, 172-176, 230-238, 280, 284, 288-292, 306, 310, 318, 320-340, 350, 376, 378, 382, 384-390, 394, 398, 404, 420, 428, 456, 462-468, 504, 506 Cortex, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 6, 8, 28, 120-124, 130, 144-148, 152-158, 164, 166, 172-176, 230-238, 280, 284, 288, 290, 304, 306, 318-340, 376, 378, 382-390, 394, 398, 404, 406, 438, 444, 456, 462-466, 502-506, 520 Cortical amygdaloid nucleus · 128, 130, 188-192, 254, 282, 344-348, 352, 398, 402, 404, 412-418, 476-482, 524-530 Cortical neuroepithelium · 6-10, 82-86, 120-130, 146, 148, 152-158, 172, 236, 238, 280-288, 306, 318-328, 332-340, 390, 396, 434, 456-468 Cortical plate · 120-124, 130, 134, 138, 144-148, 152-158, 162-166, 172-176, 230-238, 280, 284-292, 304, 306, 316-340, 350, 376-394, 414, 416, 452-462, 466, 468, 502-506 Crista (of anterior ampulla) · 206 Crista (of posterior ampulla) · 212-216 Cuneate fasciculus · 156, 224, 226, 270, 272, 276, 298, 372, 400, 426, 434, 436 Cuneate nucleus · 156, 224, 268, 270, 274, 276, 298, 372, 426, 434-438

Index D Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle · 64, 152, 306, 362, 436, 488, 510, 512 Dentate gyrus · 130, 154, 156, 248, 290, 294, 298, 342-354, 384, 388, 420, 432, 434, 472-482, 506, 510, 512 Dentate gyrus, dorsal part · 424 Dentate gyrus, neuroepithelium · 250 Dentate gyrus, ventral part · 424 Dentate (lateral) nucleus · 138, 140, 158, 212, 214, 368, 382, 386, 416-420, 440, 444, 490-496, 508, 510 Dentatothalamic fasciculus · 140, 188, 200 Diagonal band of Broca · 174, 244, 326, 332-336, 460, 462, 466, 520 Dopaminergic nuclear complex (A9-10) · 56 Dorsal cochlear nucleus · 110, 136, 212, 214, 262, 264, 290, 368, 388, 392, 414-420, 444, 494 Dorsal diencephalic sulcus · 190, 348 Dorsal endopiriform nucleus · 120, 282, 318-328, 332-340, 412-420, 456-462, 466, 468-474, 478 Dorsal funiculus · 10, 274, 388, 392-400 Dorsal horn · 10, 156, 226, 396-408, 420, 424-428 Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus · 12, 52, 54, 86, 130, 154, 156, 188-192, 236, 242, 290, 294, 342-346, 350, 378-386, 422-426, 474-480, 506, 510 Dorsal lateral olfactory tract · 126, 128, 140, 142, 162, 286, 288, 292, 294, 308, 310, 406, 448, 452, 518 Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus · 376, 504 Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus · 14, 22, 78, 116, 154, 158, 220, 268, 270, 306, 308, 372, 392, 394, 428, 430, 498, 516

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus · 62, 68, 206, 208-212, 244, 256, 294, 296, 362, 364, 366, 382, 384, 424, 426, 488, 512, 514 Dorsal premammillary nucleus · 482 Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7) · 22, 24, 62, 68, 148, 152, 154, 206-212, 246, 250-254, 360, 364, 366, 380, 382, 438, 488, 490, 510 Dorsal raphe nucleus, pons (B6) · 18, 148, 152-256, 298, 306-310, 432 Dorsal root ganglion · 78, 152, 222, 224 Dorsal tegmental bundle · 442 Dorsal tegmental nucleus · 28, 382-386, 430, 432, 438, 490, 492, 510 Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium · 14-18, 28, 30, 32, 44-52, 88 Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus · 24, 52, 96, 100, 102, 194, 256, 258, 298, 304-308, 346, 348, 352, 398, 430-434, 480, 524 Dorsomedial tegmental area · 490 Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus · See Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus E Ear canal · 266-270 Enamel organ (lower incisor) · 186, 188 Enamel organ (lower molar) · 190, 192 Enamel organ (upper incisor) · 172, 174 Enamel organ (upper molar) · 186-192 Endolymphatic duct · 76, 108, 110, 114, 136, 212-218, 220 Entopeduncular nucleus · 130, 186, 252, 290, 294, 296, 424, 474, 518 Entorhinal cortex · 6, 8, 52, 100, 122, 126, 194, 196, 280-286, 352-358, 392, 394, 412-418, 482-486

xxiii

Index Ependyma · 422, 508 Epidural space · 222 Epithalamic neuroepithelium · 30, 44-48, 50, 52, 84, 178, 234 Epithalamus · 16, 18, 22, 24, 32, 42, 134, 438, 440, 478, 506, 510 Epithalamus, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 22, 24, 42, 134 Esophagus · 210-214, 216, 272 Eustachian tube · 26, 28, 56, 58, 112-116, 202, 266-270 External auditory meatus · 204, 206, 210, 212, 266-270 External capsule · 122, 124, 148, 152-158, 162-166, 170-180, 190, 240-244, 280-286, 324, 326-340, 388, 392-398, 412-420, 424, 458-462, 466-476, 480, 510-520 External granular layer (of cerebellum) · See External germinal layer (of cerebellum) External germinal layer (of cerebellum) · 100-104, 110, 132, 134, 138, 144, 146, 150, 206, 210-220, 258, 260, 286-290, 294-310, 366-370, 380-384, 414-420, 424, 426, 432-440, 444, 490-498, 508, 510, 512 External (lateral) cuneate nucleus · 116, 156, 266, 268, 372, 420, 440, 444, 496 External medullary lamina · 14-18, 30, 48-52, 88, 132, 134, 140-144, 148, 152, 180, 182, 186, 244, 290, 294, 296, 310, 342-348, 388, 392, 394, 422-430, 440, 442, 474-480, 510-516 External plexiform layer · 168, 286, 290, 292, 300, 304, 314, 316, 428, 432, 434, 438, 440, 448, 450, 452, 522, 524 Extreme capsule · 242, 394, 516, 518 Eye · 50, 96, 120, 158

Eye, outer layer · 176 Eyelid · 98, 254, 258, 260 F Facial nerve (VII) · 2-10, 26-32, 60-64, 68, 108-116, 128, 130, 136, 142-148, 156, 158, 200-214, 262-268, 288, 290, 294, 296, 310, 364, 366, 396, 416, 418, 426, 438, 488, 490, 518, 520 Facial nerve (VII), genu · 60-64, 112, 152, 154, 206, 208, 262, 264, 298, 308, 366, 434, 492 Facial nucleus · 10, 12, 22, 24, 66-72, 112, 144-148, 208-214, 266-270, 294, 366, 368, 402, 404, 418, 420, 434-438, 490-494, 524, 530 Facial nucleus, lateral part · 402, 404, 526, 528 Facial nucleus, medial part · 402, 404, 526, 528 Facial nucleus, ventricular zone, fourth ventricle · 66, 490, 518 Fasciculus retroflexus · 16, 18, 30, 48-56, 86, 88, 132, 134, 138-148, 180, 182, 186, 190-198, 236, 240-246, 250, 300, 304, 306, 310, 342-348, 352-362, 384, 386, 432-444, 474-486, 510, 512 Fastigial (medial) nucleus · 148, 150, 156, 214, 216, 258, 300-304, 370, 428, 430, 494-498, 508, 510 Fimbria · 88, 128-132, 172, 174, 178, 240, 286-290, 298, 310, 336-352, 388, 392, 394, 420, 422, 470-474, 478-482, 510-514 Floor of fourth ventricle · 18, 396, 520 Floor plate · 224, 274 Forel’s field · 152, 346, 352, 438, 480, 512, 518

Fornix · 140, 172, 174, 182, 190, 194, 196, 242, 254, 294, 298, 300, 304-308, 336-340, 344, 346, 352-358, 388, 392, 396, 398, 402, 432-436, 464, 472, 474, 478, 480-484, 512, 514, 520, 526 Fornix, column · 252, 332, 336, 338, 398, 436, 468, 470, 516 Fornix, postcommissural · 430-442, 518, 520 Fornix, precommissural · 442 Fourth ventricle · 2-32, 60-78, 96, 100-116, 130-140, 144-158, 206-224, 258-372, 384, 386, 388, 392-396, 414-418, 430, 432, 436, 492-496, 508-520 Fourth ventricle, intermediate zone, cerebellum · 74 Fourth ventricle, ventricular zone · 490, 518 Fourth ventricle, ventricular zone, cerebellum · 74, 76, 150, 214, 216, 220, 368, 370 Fourth ventricle, ventricular zone, medulla · 14, 18, 78, 150, 304 Fourth ventricle, ventricular zone, pons · 58, 60-66, 366 Fourth ventricle, ventricular zone, precerebellar nuclei · 368 Fourth ventricle, ventricular zone, vestibular nuclei · 74, 76 Frontal cortex · 14-18, 28, 30, 82-92 Frontal cortex, marginal zone · 40, 44, 48 Frontal cortex, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 38, 42, 84, 162 Frontopolar cortex · 448, 452 Frontopolar cortex, marginal zone · 36 Frontopolar cortex, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 36 Fusion of palatal shelves · 180, 182, 186-192

xxiv

Index 308, 314, 428-434, 440, 448-452, 518-524, 528

G Ganglion cell layer · 122, 180, 184, 256, 258 Gasserian ganglion · See Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion Geniculate ganglion · 2-6, 32, 60, 62, 108, 110, 114, 124, 132, 136, 200-210, 264 Germinal trigone · 104, 110, 132, 134, 138, 144, 146, 150, 154, 206-216, 258, 260, 294-310, 368, 370, 388, 414-418, 514, 516 Gigantocellular reticular nucleus · 22, 24, 66, 70, 72, 110-116, 154, 208-212, 216, 218, 264-268, 272, 298, 306-370, 396, 426-434, 490-496 Glial palisades · 154, 304-308, 430 Glial wedge · 324-328, 458-468, 510 Globus pallidus · 12, 28-32, 90-96, 126, 128, 156, 180, 182, 242-248, 284, 286, 338-342, 392-396, 416-420, 424, 470-476, 514-518 Glomerular layer · 138, 168, 286, 290, 292, 296, 300, 314, 316, 428, 434, 438, 440, 444, 448, 450, 452, 516-524 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) · 2-6, 26, 30, 68-72, 114, 142, 144, 212, 214, 266, 268, 496 Gracile fasciculus · 158, 226, 272, 276, 400, 428, 430 Gracile nucleus · 158, 224, 268, 270-274, 276, 372, 428, 430 Granular layer (of dentate gyrus) · 290, 422, 472, 484, 506, 512 Granular layer (of olfactory bulb) · See Granule cell layer (of olfactory bulb) Granule cell layer (of dentate gyrus) · See Granular layer (of dentate gyrus) Granule cell layer (of olfactory bulb) · 162-166, 250, 286, 290-294, 300, 304,

H Habenular commissure · 48, 50, 138, 180, 182, 232, 234, 300, 304-308, 342, 344, 382, 438, 440-474, 476, 478, 504 Habenular neuroepithelium · 82-86 Habenular nuclei · 42 Habenular recess · 84, 232, 234, 384-388, 392, 474-478 Habenulointerpeduncular tract · See Fasciculus retroflexus Hair follicle · 192 Hematoma · 38-48, 52, 74, 82 Hippocampal fissure · 288, 422, 424 Hippocampal formation · 130, 290, 350, 420, 432, 476, 478, 484, 510 Hippocampal neuroepithelium · 10, 12, 32, 86-92, 126, 128, 172, 250, 280, 282-288, 350, 388 Hippocampal region (CA1) · 422, 474-478 Hippocampal region (CA2) · 422, 474-478 Hippocampal region (CA3) · 422, 476, 478 Hippocampal region (CA4) · 478 Hippocampus · 42-48, 130, 132, 140, 142, 146,152-158, 176-182, 186, 190-194, 232-236, 240, 244, 246, 252, 254, 310, 334-348, 352, 354, 382-388, 392, 394, 412-422, 428, 434, 442, 472-482, 504, 506, 512, 514 Hippocampus, dorsal part · 420, 424 Hippocampus, intermediate zone · 42, 130, 142, 146, 152-158, 174-182, 186, 190-194, 232-236, 240, 252 Hippocampus, subventricular zone · 130, 232, 234 Hippocampus, ventral part · 130, 420

Hippocampus, ventricular zone · 18, 22, 26, 28, 40-48, 130, 142, 146, 154-158, 174-182, 186, 190-194, 232-236, 240, 244, 246, 252, 254, 290, 338 Hook bundle · 216, 218, 258, 368 Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal · 126, 128, 130, 136, 206-214, 264-270 Hyaloid artery · 184 Hyaloid cavity · 98, 120, 122, 256 Hyaloid vascular plexus · 50, 98, 108, 110, 120, 122, 184, 254, 256 Hypoglossal nerve (XII) · 6, 8, 12, 14, 2228, 32, 76, 132, 138, 142-148, 152, 194 Hypoglossal nucleus · 12-16, 76, 78, 116, 156, 158, 222, 224, 270, 272, 304, 306, 372, 392, 394, 428, 430, 498, 518, 520 Hypothalamic neuroepithelium · 12-16, 24, 26, 92, 148, 152 Hypothalamus · 304, 306, 346, 356, 428-440, 444, 484 Hypothalamus, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 194, 196, 306 I Indusium griseum · 328, 332, 334, 460-468 Inferior alveolar nerve (V3) · 194 Inferior cerebellar peduncle · 4-8, 30, 32, 62, 68-76, 100-116, 134-142, 150, 156, 158, 206-220, 258-266, 286-290, 296-300, 366-372, 382, 386, 388, 392, 394, 416, 418, 424, 440, 444, 490, 494, 496, 508, 510, 516 Inferior cervical ganglion · 146, 152 Inferior colliculus · 10-18, 22-32, 70, 74, 94, 96, 100, 134, 138-142, 148-158, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218-222, 242, 244, 252-256, 294-310, 360-370, 376, 378, 380, 424-440, 444, 488-498, 502-506

xxv

Index Inferior colliculus, intermediate zone, aqueduct · 246, 250, 252 Inferior colliculus, neuroepithelium · 302, 506 Inferior colliculus, ventricular zone, aqueduct · 72, 76, 210-214, 218, 254, 368 Inferior facial ganglion · See Geniculate ganglion Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion · 2, 4, 26-30, 114, 142, 144, 208-212 Inferior medullary velum · 2-14, 18, 22, 32, 70-78, 112-116, 216, 222, 224, 264-268 Inferior oblique muscle · 122, 124 Inferior olive · 72-76, 114, 116, 154-158, 220, 222, 272, 274, 370, 372, 398, 400, 402, 424-430, 496, 498, 526-530 Inferior rectus muscle · 122-126, 156, 180-184 Inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion · 2-6, 142, 146, 214, 272 Inferior vestibular nucleus · 10, 28, 30, 76, 114, 116, 148, 152, 216-222, 262, 264, 266, 298, 368, 370, 426, 494-498 Infralimbic cortex · 92, 134, 318, 320, 458 Infundibular recess · 18, 22, 24, 50, 102-106, 148, 196, 260, 300, 406, 482, 528, 530 Infundibular stalk · 198 Infundibulum · 152, 408 Insular cortex · 8, 10, 38, 40, 120, 162, 166, 170, 174-178, 280-284, 316-328, 332- 340, 412, 414, 416-424, 454, 456-462, 466, 468 Interfascicular nucleus · 308, 386, 512 Interhemispheric fissure · See Longitudinal cerebral fissure Intermediate gray (of spinal cord) · 12, 156, 158, 224, 400, 402, 408, 426

Intermediate hemisphere (of cerebellum) · See Paravermis Intermediate horn · 400 Intermediate lobe (of pituitary) · 20, 106-110, 148, 152, 262 Intermediate nerve · 108 Intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus · 488 Intermediate reticular nucleus · 370, 496 Intermediate subpallial sulcus · 44, 46, 92, 100, 144, 174, 240-246 Intermediate zone, anterior hypothalamus · 50 Intermediate zone, anterior thalamic nucleus · 178 Intermediate zone, aqueduct, inferior colliculus · 246, 250, 252 Intermediate zone, aqueduct, tegmentum · 60 Intermediate zone, fourth ventricle, cerebellum · 74 Intermediate zone, hippocampus · 42, 130, 142, 146, 152-158, 174-182, 186, 190-194, 232-236, 240, 252 Intermediate zone, lateral ventricle, auditory cortex · 350 Intermediate zone, lateral ventricle, cortex · 120-124, 138, 144-148, 152-158, 164, 166, 172-178, 230-238, 280, 284-292, 304, 306, 316-340, 376, 378, 382, 390, 422, 454-462, 466, 502-506 Intermediate zone, lateral ventricle, lateral ganglionic eminence · 40-48, 88, 172 Intermediate zone, lateral ventricle, medial ganglionic eminence · 46, 176, 178 Intermediate zone, lateral ventricle, pallidum · 46 Intermediate zone, lateral ventricle, piriform cortex · 38

Intermediate zone, lateral ventricle, septal area · 24, 44, 168 Intermediate zone, neural retina · 122, 254, 258 Intermediate zone, olfactory ventricle, olfactory bulb · 126, 140, 144, 146, 250 Intermediate zone, third ventricle, lateral preoptic area · 48 Intermediate zone, third ventricle, medial preoptic area · 46 Intermediate zone, third ventricle, paratenial thalamic nucleus · 178 Internal arcuate fibers · 274, 276 Internal capsule · 10, 50, 52, 92, 96, 100106, 122-134, 138, 154-158, 170, 172, 180, 182, 186-192, 242-254, 282, 284290, 294, 320-346, 392, 394, 396, 398, 414-426, 458-462, 466-480, 510-518 Internal carotid artery · 8-12, 26, 30, 32, 50, 52, 56-62, 68, 90-96, 100-112, 156, 188, 190, 194, 196, 200-210, 214, 216, 260, 272, 478 Internal jugular vein · 4, 6, 26, 30, 32, 212-218, 272 Internal medullary lamina · 348 Internal plexiform layer · 286, 292, 300, 308, 314, 428, 440, 444, 448-452, 516, 518, 522, 524 Interpeduncular fossa · 24, 56, 198, 202, 252, 310, 358, 360, 362, 386 Interpeduncular nucleus · 16, 22, 24, 56, 90, 148, 250, 252, 304, 306, 310, 362, 384, 386, 432-438, 486, 512 Interpeduncular nucleus, caudal part · 198 Interpeduncular nucleus, rostral part · 196 Interposed nucleus · 146, 158, 214, 218, 296, 368, 370, 382, 386, 420, 424, 426, 438, 494-498, 508, 510 Interstitial nucleus · 146, 200, 310, 356, 358, 382, 384

xxvi Interventricular foramen · 16, 18, 26, 42-46, 92-96, 100, 138, 144, 146, 176-180, 244, 246, 250, 298, 304, 306, 396, 514, 516 Intraretinal (subretinal, ventricular) space (of eye)· 2, 50, 98, 120, 188, 260 Intrinsic muscle · 180 Isthmal canal · 70, 72 Isthmal neuroepithelium · 212, 214 Isthmal recess · 254-260 Isthmus · 12, 16, 18, 22-30, 62, 68, 70, 94, 96, 150, 156, 210, 254-262, 290, 294, 492 J Jacob’s organ · See Vomeronasal organ Jugular (superior vagal) ganglion · See Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion L Lacunosum-moleculare layer · 416, 418, 422, 504, 506, 510-514 Lamina terminalis · 18, 22, 26, 42, 44, 84-92, 106, 176, 336, 528, 530 Laryngopharynx · 204-208 Larynx · 206-212, 272 Lateral amygdaloid nucleus · 124, 190, 192, 250, 280, 344, 346, 394-398, 412, 476-480, 518 Lateral cuneate nucleus · See External (lateral) cuneate nucleus Lateral (dentate) nucleus (of cerebellum) · 138, 140, 158, 212, 214, 368, 382, 386, 416-420, 440, 444, 490-496, 508, 510 Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus · 14, 32, 46, 48, 138, 154, 180, 182, 186, 240,

Index 294, 296, 342-386, 424-430, 474-480, 510 Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 86 Lateral funiculus · 156, 224, 226, 398, 400, 402, 420 Lateral ganglionic eminence · 8, 10, 12, 32, 44-48, 90-96, 126-130, 144-148, 152158, 170-178, 236-242, 288, 294, 296, 310, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 332-340, 388-396, 458, 460, 462, 466 Lateral ganglionic eminence, intermediate zone, lateral ventricle · 40-48, 88, 172 Lateral ganglionic eminence, subventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 40-48, 88, 172, 176, 178, 236, 238, 290, 320-326, 328, 330-340, 462 Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 38-48, 88, 172-178, 236, 238, 290, 320-340 Lateral habenular nucleus · 16, 18, 30, 44-48, 132, 144, 180, 182, 236, 300, 304, 310, 342, 344, 384-388, 392, 434-444, 474-478, 506, 510 Lateral hemisphere (of cerebellum) · 70, 72, 76, 132, 134, 138, 140, 212, 368, 370, 380-386, 414, 418, 490-496, 504-510 Lateral horn · 420, 424 Lateral hypothalamic area · 96, 102, 138-142, 154, 192, 254, 258, 296, 342, 346, 348, 394, 424, 426, 474-480, 518, 520, 528 Lateral hypothalamus, peduncular part · 356, 484 Lateral lemniscus · 10, 12, 30, 32, 60, 62, 68-72, 132, 134, 138, 140, 156, 202214, 220, 250, 252, 256, 294, 296, 300304, 360-366, 378-388, 392, 394, 424, 426, 440, 444, 486-490, 492, 510-520

Lateral mammillary nucleus · 134, 138, 140, 154, 254, 296, 356, 358, 426, 484, 518, 520 Lateral migratory stream · 172-182, 186, 240, 244, 280-288, 318-340, 388, 392-396, 412-424, 444, 474, 476, 480, 510-520 Lateral migratory stream, head · 318-340, 458, 460, 462, 466, 468, 470, 472 Lateral migratory stream, reservoir · 282, 284, 318-328, 332-340, 412, 416, 418, 456-462, 466, 468, 470, 472 Lateral olfactory tract · 102, 120-130, 140, 148, 152-158, 162-188, 244, 246, 250-254, 280, 282-288, 308, 310, 316-328, 332-346, 402-408, 412-420, 424, 426, 452-462, 466-476, 520-530 Lateral orbital cortex · 452 Lateral parabrachial nucleus · 382, 490, 512 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus · 66 Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus · 14, 32, 48, 50, 86, 132, 154, 186, 188, 240, 296, 300, 344-350, 382, 428, 430, 474-480, 506 Lateral preoptic area · 10, 32, 104, 132, 154, 180-188, 254, 288-296, 338, 340, 404, 406, 424-428, 468-472, 528 Lateral preoptic area, intermediate zone, third ventricle · 48 Lateral preoptic area, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 46 Lateral preoptic nucleus · 340 Lateral rectus muscle · 122-126, 156 Lateral reticular nucleus · 116, 372, 492 Lateral septal nucleus · 132, 134, 140, 144, 168, 170-174, 244, 246, 296, 298, 304, 308, 320-328, 332-336, 396, 398, 402, 404, 430, 438, 440, 444, 460-466, 512-520

xxvii

Index Lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part · 464 Lateral septal nucleus, intermediate part · 464 Lateral septal nucleus, ventral part · 468 Lateral tracts · 274, 276 Lateral ventricle · 6-18, 22-32, 38-50, 84-90, 120, 124-132, 138-144, 148, 152158, 164-178, 182, 192, 194, 232-246, 250-254, 280-288, 296, 298, 310, 318340, 344-352, 378, 380, 384-398, 404, 406, 414-420, 458-462, 466-472, 482, 484, 502-510, 512 Lateral ventricle, anterior horn · 94, 96, 100, 126, 318, 320, 382, 388, 394, 398, 456, 510, 520 Lateral ventricle, intermediate zone, auditory cortex · 350 Lateral ventricle, intermediate zone, cortex · 120-124, 138, 144-148, 152-158, 164, 166, 172-178, 230-238, 280, 284-292, 304, 306, 316-340, 376, 378, 382, 390, 422, 454-462, 466, 502-506 Lateral ventricle, intermediate zone, lateral ganglionic eminence · 40-48, 88, 172 Lateral ventricle, intermediate zone, medial ganglionic eminence · 46, 176, 178 Lateral ventricle, intermediate zone, pallidum · 46 Lateral ventricle, intermediate zone, piriform cortex · 38 Lateral ventricle, intermediate zone, septal area · 24, 44, 168 Lateral ventricle, posterior horn · 52, 92-96, 126, 130, 286, 344-348, 352, 388, 392-396, 510, 516 Lateral ventricle, subventricular zone, amygdala · 346, 348 Lateral ventricle, subventricular zone, auditory cortex · 350

Lateral ventricle, subventricular zone, cortex · 28, 120-124, 130, 146, 158, 164, 166, 172-176, 230-238, 280, 284, 288, 290, 292, 306, 310, 318-340, 350, 376, 378, 382-390, 394, 398, 404, 420, 428, 456, 462-468, 504, 506 Lateral ventricle, subventricular zone, lateral ganglionic eminence · 40-48, 88, 172, 176, 178, 236, 238, 290, 320-340, 462 Lateral ventricle, subventricular zone, medial ganglionic eminence · 46, 48, 334, 336-340 Lateral ventricle, subventricular zone, pallidum · 30 Lateral ventricle, subventricular zone, septal area · 168, 306, 310, 318-324, 456, 468 Lateral ventricle, subventricular zone, subiculum · 128 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, accumbens nucleus · 42 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, amygdala · 346, 348 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, auditory cortex · 350 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, cingulate cortex · 22, 38, 40 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, cortex · 6, 8, 28, 120-124, 130, 144-148, 152-158, 164, 166, 172-176, 230-238, 280, 284, 288, 290, 304, 306, 318-340, 376, 378, 382-390, 394, 398, 404, 406, 438, 444, 456, 462-466, 502-506, 520 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, frontal cortex · 38, 42, 84, 162 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, frontopolar cortex · 36

Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, lateral ganglionic eminence · 38-48, 88, 172, 176, 178, 236, 238, 290, 320-340 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, medial ganglionic eminence · 24, 46, 48, 334-340 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, occipital cortex · 50, 52 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, pallidum · 30 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, parietal cortex · 40-44, 48 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, septal area · 24, 40-44, 168, 310, 318-324, 456 Lateral ventricle, ventricular zone, subiculum · 128 Lateral vestibular nucleus · 8, 10, 28, 30, 62, 68, 70, 74, 108-112, 140, 142, 206-212, 262, 264, 290, 294, 366, 368, 392, 420, 424, 440, 444, 490, 492 Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus · 208 Lens · 50, 96, 98, 108, 110, 120, 180, 184, 256, 258 Lens bow region · 98, 184, 256 Lens epithelium · 50, 96, 98, 110, 182, 184 Lenticular fasciculus · 132, 134, 152, 342, 344, 474, 516 Lingual nerve (V3) · 194 Lithoid nucleus · 310, 382 Locus coeruleus (A6) · 140, 142, 210, 212, 256, 258, 294, 296, 366, 382-386, 424, 426, 440, 444, 490, 492, 512, 514 Longitudinal cerebral fissure · 38, 40, 86, 88, 90, 92, 162, 164, 166, 170, 172, 176, 178, 230-234, 240, 322, 452-458, 502 Longitudinal fasciculus, pons · 298, 308, 310, 360, 402, 428, 434, 486 Longitudinal stria · 464 Lower eyelid · 178-182, 184, 186 Lower jaw (mandible) · 186, 272

xxviii M Macula (of utricle) · 208, 212 Magnocellular nucleus (of lateral hypothalamus) · 294, 480, 482 Magnocellular nucleus of posterior commissure · 310 Magnocellular preoptic nucleus · 296, 338, 468, 472 Mammillary area, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 54 Mammillary body · 16, 24, 28, 96 Mammillary neuroepithelium · 14, 18, 26, 56, 94, 102, 148, 198 Mammillary peduncle · 198 Mammillary recess · 18, 22, 24, 56, 94, 96, 100, 148, 256, 304, 358, 396, 398, 402, 430, 484, 524, 526 Mammillotegmental tract · 16, 26, 28, 56, 92, 144, 148, 194-202, 246, 250, 252, 300, 304, 306, 352-360, 384-388, 392-396, 430-436, 484, 486, 510-520 Mammillothalamic tract · 140, 182, 190-300, 308, 310, 346, 348, 352-358, 388, 392-396, 430, 436, 438, 442, 444, 472-484, 512-520 Mandibular nerve (V3) · 2-10, 52, 54, 106, 110-116, 126, 130-134, 154-158, 194-198, 266, 268 Mandibular process · 6, 8, 22-28, 50-54, 108, 110, 114, 116, 182, 186 Marginal zone · 2, 14, 28, 84, 120-124, 148, 152-158, 162, 172-176, 230-238, 280, 284-290, 304, 316-340, 350, 376, 378, 382, 390, 452-462, 466, 502-506 Marginal zone, auditory cortex · 350 Marginal zone, cingulate cortex · 24 Marginal zone, frontal cortex · 40, 44, 48 Marginal zone, frontopolar cortex · 36

Index Marginal zone, parietal cortex · 38, 46 Marginal zone, somatosensory cortex · 158 Masseter muscle · 266, 268, 270 Maxilla · 120-132 Maxillary nerve (V2) · 2, 6-10, 44-52, 102-106, 112, 116, 124-134, 138, 154, 156, 176-182, 186, 188, 190, 260, 262 Maxillary process · 6, 8, 22, 26, 28, 38, 40-52, 108-116, 176, 178, 182 Meckel’s cartilage · 10, 12, 54, 132, 134, 186-200, 266-272 Medial accessory oculomotor nucleus · 358 Medial amygdaloid nucleus · 52, 54, 128, 130, 156, 158, 188, 254, 284, 346, 348, 398, 418, 476-480, 518, 520, 524 Medial diencephalic sulcus · 52, 54, 190, 348 Medial (fastigial) nucleus (of cerebellum) · 148, 150, 156, 214, 216, 258-304, 370, 428, 430, 494-498, 508, 510 Medial forebrain bundle · 50, 54, 96, 182, 186-194, 258, 260, 320-324, 332-348, 352-356, 406, 428, 444, 456, 458, 462, 470-474, 478-482, 520, 524, 528 Medial ganglionic eminence · 12-18, 26-32, 44, 48, 90-94, 128-134, 144, 146, 174-182, 240, 242, 248, 334-340, 396 Medial ganglionic eminence, intermediate zone, lateral ventricle · 46, 176, 178 Medial ganglionic eminence, subventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 46, 48, 334-340 Medial ganglionic eminence, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 24, 46, 48, 334-340 Medial geniculate nucleus · 12, 32, 52, 54, 90, 94, 96, 130, 152-156, 192, 194, 198, 200, 236, 240- 246, 250, 290, 294, 348354, 382, 386, 424-428, 478-484, 510

Medial habenular nucleus · 22, 44, 46, 132, 138, 180, 182, 236, 300, 304-310, 342, 344, 384-388, 392, 436-442, 474-478, 506, 510 Medial habenular nucleus, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 26, 180 Medial lemniscus · 12-18, 30, 50-60, 68-76, 88, 90, 94, 96, 100-108, 112-116, 134, 138-142, 148, 154, 188, 190, 198222, 246, 250, 252-274, 290, 296-300, 306, 344-348, 352-370, 384, 388, 392398, 426-432, 442, 478-482, 486-498, 512-516, 520 Medial longitudinal fasciculus · 12-18, 22-30, 58-76, 90, 92, 94, 100, 104-116, 140-152, 158, 202-224, 246, 250, 252256, 260, 262, 266-276, 300, 302-310, 356-372, 378-382, 394, 430-440, 444, 486-498, 510 Medial mammillary nucleus · 142-146, 152, 196, 256, 298, 300, 304-310, 356, 358, 394-398, 428-440, 484, 518, 520 Medial motor nucleus (of spinal cord) · 400 Medial nasal prominence · 12-16, 24 Medial orbital cortex · 452 Medial parabrachial nucleus · 206, 490, 492 Medial paralemniscal nucleus · 486 Medial preoptic area · 12, 14, 22, 30, 100, 106, 134, 140, 142, 148, 152, 180, 250, 254, 304, 308, 334-340, 406, 430, 434-440, 444, 472 Medial preoptic area, intermediate zone, third ventricle · 46 Medial preoptic area, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 22, 48 Medial preoptic nucleus · 182, 186, 254, 256, 298, 300, 306, 308, 338, 402, 404, 468, 470, 524-530

xxix

Index Medial pretectal nucleus · 188, 190, 380, 382, 480, 504 Medial rectus muscle · 122-126, 156, 178, 180-184 Medial septal nucleus · 22, 42, 44, 96, 138, 142, 172-178, 244, 298, 300, 304, 306, 322-328, 332, 398, 402, 404, 432, 434, 444, 460, 462-466, 518, 520 Medial tuberal nucleus · 100, 104, 142, 154, 294, 296, 406, 426, 428, 436, 480, 482, 526, 528 Medial vestibular nucleus · 22, 68, 70, 74, 76, 108, 110, 114, 116, 146, 148, 152, 156, 208, 210-220, 262-266, 296, 298, 310, 368, 370, 388, 394, 420, 426, 428, 436-440, 490-498 Median eminence · 18-24, 52, 106, 148, 194, 262, 300, 304, 352, 398, 430, 444, 480, 482, 530 Median fibrous septum (of tongue) · 180 Median preoptic nucleus · 398, 434, 468, 470 Median raphe nucleus, midbrain (B8) · 204-208, 386 Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5) · 18-22, 56-60, 148, 152, 200-204, 208, 254-260, 360-364, 384-388, 392-396, 488, 512-518 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus · 16, 18, 28, 30, 46, 48, 88, 132, 134, 138-148, 180, 182, 240, 242, 298, 300, 304-310, 342, 344, 384, 386, 432-440, 444, 474, 476, 510, 512 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, subventricular zone, third ventricle · 182 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 182 Medulla · 14, 20, 150, 304, 392, 394, 398, 400, 428, 430, 434, 438, 440, 444

Medulla, ventricular zone, fourth ventricle · 14, 18, 78, 150, 304 Mesencephalic flexure · 22, 58, 200, 202 Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus · 12, 26, 28, 62, 66-74, 94, 96, 100-104, 158, 210, 212, 252-260, 290, 294-304, 360, 362, 366, 376, 378, 384, 424, 426, 432, 434, 444, 490, 492, 502, 504, 508-512 Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V) · 96, 290, 294, 298, 300, 302, 376, 378, 504 Microcellular tegmental nucleus · 156, 158, 206, 208, 210, 254, 296, 362-366, 380, 428, 488 Midbrain · 58, 428-440, 444, 506, 510 Middle cerebellar peduncle · 138, 142, 154, 198, 206-216, 254, 256, 290, 294-300, 360, 362, 366, 382-388, 392, 396, 414-420, 424-432, 436, 438, 486, 490, 492, 510-514 Middle cerebral artery · 42, 46, 472 Middle cerebral vein · 48 Middle diencephalic fold · 14-18, 30, 32, 48, 50, 52, 186 Midline · 304 Midline fusion of palatal shelves · 262 Midline zipper glia · 322-326 Mitotic cells · 28, 64, 66, 84, 98, 390 Mitral cell layer · 142, 144, 162-168, 250, 286-300, 304-310, 314, 316, 406, 408, 426-434, 438, 440, 444, 448, 450, 452, 516-524 Molecular layer (of cerebellum) · 150, 216, 286, 288, 290, 296-310, 368, 380, 382384, 416, 418, 432-440, 444, 490, 492, 496 Molecular layer (of hippocampus) · 290, 350 Motor cortex · 128, 146, 162-166, 170-180, 230-236, 240, 286-290, 294-300, 308, 310, 316-322, 324-328, 332-340, 376,

378, 380, 392, 432, 436, 454-462, 466-474, 502-506 Motor neurons · 426, 428 Motor nucleus (of ventral horn) · 156, 224, 404 N Nasal capsule · 162-166 Nasal cartilage · 260 Nasal cavity · 12-16, 24-30, 40-48, 100-112, 144, 162-178, 254, 256-262 Nasal septum · 40-44, 164, 166, 172-176, 180, 182, 256 Nasopharynx · 180, 182, 186-202, 264 Neural retina · 2, 50, 52, 96, 98, 106-110, 120-124, 158, 178-184, 254-258 Neural retina, intermediate zone · 122, 254, 258 Neural retina, ventricular zone · 94, 98, 100, 112, 122, 124, 184, 186, 254-260 Neuroepithelium, amygdaloid · 90, 92, 96, 98, 122-128, 158, 246-254, 280, 282, 284, 346, 348, 416, 418, 520 Neuroepithelium, cerebellar · 2, 6-18, 22-32, 68, 70, 72, 76, 100-110, 220, 260 Neuroepithelium, cochlear · 2-6, 32, 68-72, 100-112, 132, 136, 140, 206-210, 214, 216, 262, 296, 392, 414, 492, 494 Neuroepithelium, cortical · 6-10, 82-86, 120-130, 146, 148, 152-158, 172, 236, 238, 280-288, 306, 318-328, 332-340, 390, 396, 434, 456-468 Neuroepithelium, dentate gyrus · 250 Neuroepithelium, dorsal thalamus · 14-18, 28, 30, 32, 44-52, 88 Neuroepithelium, epithalamic · 30, 44-52, 84, 178, 234 Neuroepithelium, habenular · 82-86

xxx Neuroepithelium, hippocampal · 10, 12, 32, 86-92, 126, 128, 172, 250, 280-288, 350, 388 Neuroepithelium, hypothalamic · 12, 14, 24, 26, 92, 148, 152 Neuroepithelium, inferior colliculus · 302, 506 Neuroepithelium, isthmal · 212, 214 Neuroepithelium, mammillary · 14, 18, 26, 56, 94, 102, 148, 198 Neuroepithelium, olfactory · 96, 100, 102, 126-130, 166, 244, 246, 286, 294, 296, 304, 306, 310, 314, 430, 450, 454 Neuroepithelium, pallidal · 12-18, 26, 28-32, 44- 48, 90-94, 128-134, 144, 146, 180, 182, 240, 242, 334-340, 396 Neuroepithelium, pontine · 24, 432 Neuroepithelium, posterior hypothalamic · 92 Neuroepithelium, posterior precerebellar · 218-222 Neuroepithelium, precerebellar · 214, 264, 304-308, 368, 430, 444 Neuroepithelium, preoptic · 12, 26, 28, 30, 100, 102, 146, 250, 256 Neuroepithelium, pretectal · 14-18, 32, 82 Neuroepithelium, septal · 10, 12, 16, 18, 22, 26, 32, 94, 96, 128, 130, 134, 144, 146, 168-174, 242, 244, 294, 296, 306, 310, 318, 320, 322-326, 430, 456, 458 Neuroepithelium, spinal cord · 12, 14, 400 Neuroepithelium, striatal · 8-12, 32, 42-48, 88-96, 126-130, 144-148, 152-158, 172, 176, 236, 240, 242, 280-290, 294, 296, 310, 320-340, 388-392, 394, 396, 430, 432, 458, 460, 462, 466, 468, 518 Neuroepithelium, tectal · 54, 72, 74, 82-96, 150, 202-208, 214, 236, 240, 242, 256 Neuroepithelium, tegmental · 64, 92-96

Index Neuroepithelium, thalamic · 48, 50, 84, 140, 142, 240-248 Neuroepithelium, ventral thalamus · 14-18, 28-32, 48-52 Neuroepithelium, vestibular · 12, 60, 70, 72, 102-106, 110, 114, 206, 208, 260, 264, 392 Neurohypophysis (Pituitary, posterior lobe) · 16-22, 104, 106, 152, 154, 196-200, 262 Nigrostriatal bundle · 352, 354, 394 Nodose ganglion · See Inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion Noradrenergic nuclear complex (A4-7) · 60, 62, 68 Nostril (external naris) · 108, 110, 260 Nuclei of lens fibers · 50, 96, 98, 108, 110, 182, 184, 256, 258 Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus · 204-212, 244, 246, 254, 506 Nucleus of Darkschewitsch · 26, 244, 306-310, 352, 380, 382, 438, 484 Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band · 46, 102, 128, 132, 140, 178, 180, 250, 252, 294, 296, 308, 324-328, 332-340, 408, 428, 444, 462, 466-472, 524 Nucleus of inferior colliculus · 360-366, 378, 428, 430, 488, 490, 492, 502, 506 Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract · 130, 188, 282, 284, 344, 346, 402, 416, 418, 474, 476, 524, 528 Nucleus of optic tract · 186, 298, 300, 380, 382, 434, 480, 506 Nucleus of posterior commissure · 310, 352, 482 Nucleus of stria medullaris · 178, 180, 252, 398, 518 Nucleus of trapezoid body · 364, 398, 432, 434, 488, 526, 528

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band · 42, 44, 168-178, 242, 246, 298, 300, 304, 306, 320-328, 332, 334, 404, 432, 434, 460, 462, 466, 518, 520 Nucleus proprius · 400 O Occipital cortex · 10, 14, 16, 52, 82, 86, 88, 90 Occipital cortex, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, · 50, 52 Occipital sinus · 2 Oculomotor nerve (III) · 10, 12, 30, 32, 50, 54, 56, 90-96, 106, 128, 130, 154, 158, 182-190 Oculomotor nucleus · 16, 18, 26, 58, 60, 64, 90, 92, 146, 148, 202, 204, 246, 308, 360, 362, 378, 436, 438, 486, 506 Olfactory artery · 18, 40-44, 172, 174, 460, 462, 466 Olfactory bulb · 40, 94, 96, 100, 102, 126-134, 138, 142-146, 162-166, 244, 246, 252, 286, 290-294, 298, 300, 304, 308, 310, 314, 406, 408, 428-440, 444, 448-452, 516-528 Olfactory bulb, intermediate zone, olfactory ventricle · 126, 140, 144, 146, 250 Olfactory bulb, subventricular zone, olfactory ventricle · 244, 246, 290, 292, 300, 314, 316, 448, 450, 452, 454 Olfactory bulb, ventricular zone, olfactory ventricle · 26, 126, 138, 140, 144, 146, 244, 246, 288, 290, 292, 300, 314, 316, 406, 450, 454, 520 Olfactory cortex · See Piriform cortex Olfactory epithelium · 10-18, 24, 26-32, 40-48, 100, 102-112, 126-134, 138, 140-148, 152, 162-178, 182, 254-258

xxxi

Index Olfactory nerve (I) · 10, 14-18, 24-30, 38-44, 96, 100, 102, 128-134, 140-148, 152, 168-176, 246, 250-254, 316, 406, 448, 450, 452, 522, 524 Olfactory nerve layer · 40, 132, 134, 138, 142, 144, 162-168, 250, 252, 286, 290, 292, 300, 304, 308, 316, 408, 428, 432, 436, 440, 444, 448-452, 518, 522-528 Olfactory neuroepithelium · 96, 100, 102, 126-130, 166, 244, 246, 286, 294, 296, 304, 306, 310, 314, 430, 450, 454 Olfactory tubercle · 42, 130, 134, 170, 174-178, 250, 252, 282, 284, 294, 296, 306, 318-324, 328, 332, 334, 406, 416-420, 424-428, 444, 456-462, 466-472, 524-528 Olfactory ventricle · 94, 100, 128, 130, 140-144, 164-168, 244, 246, 286, 290, 292, 300, 304, 314, 316, 402, 406, 408, 430, 432, 444, 448, 450-454 Olfactory ventricle, intermediate zone, olfactory bulb · 126, 140, 144, 146, 250 Olfactory ventricle, subventricular zone, olfactory bulb · 244, 246, 290, 292, 300, 314, 316, 448-454 Olfactory ventricle, ventricular zone, olfactory bulb · 26, 138, 140, 144, 146, 244, 246, 288-292, 300, 314, 316, 406, 450, 454, 520 Olivary pretectal nucleus · 186-190, 504 Ophthalmic nerve (V1) · 6, 8, 52, 100, 108, 110, 132, 134, 138, 156, 158, 260, 262 Optic chiasm · 28, 48, 140-148, 152, 188, 190, 192, 260, 290, 294-300, 304-308, 408, 428-440, 444, 472, 474, 476, 530 Optic cup, inner layer · 98 Optic cup, outer layer · 98 Optic disk · 98, 184 Optic fiber layer · 96, 98, 122, 124, 184, 256, 258

Optic nerve (II) · 100, 126-134, 138, 154, 156, 158, 182-190, 258, 280-284, 288, 290, 294, 428, 434, 436, 466-472, 528, 530 Optic pit · 258 Optic recess · 10, 12, 16, 18, 24-30, 46, 48, 104, 106, 108, 142-148, 152, 258, 298, 338, 432, 468, 470, 524-530 Optic stalk · 6, 8, 32, 98, 100, 102, 108, 138, 140, 184, 190, 192, 300 Optic tract · 10, 12, 26, 30, 32, 52, 54, 88-96, 100, 102-106, 130-134, 138, 144-148, 152-156, 186-194, 236, 240-246, 250-258, 286-290, 294, 296-300, 304, 310, 346, 348, 350, 380-384, 388, 394-398, 402-408, 420-426, 430, 432, 438, 440, 476-482, 504, 506, 510-520, 524-530 Oral cavity · 12, 16, 24, 28, 50, 52, 108-112, 144, 172-178, 186-192, 264, 266, 268, 270 Orbital cavity · 126 Orbital cortex · 92, 128, 138, 146, 162, 164, 286-300, 304, 308, 310, 316, 454, 518 Organum vasculosum · 176, 178 Oriens layer · 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 470, 484, 504, 514 Oropharynx · 112-116, 152, 180, 182, 194-202, 262-270 Otic ganglion · 196-200 Otocyst · 2-10, 26-32, 60, 62, 68-76, 106-116 Outer nuclear layer of retina · 184 P Palatal shelf · 26, 52-60, 180, 182, 186-202, 262, 268, 270

Pallidal neuroepithelium · 12-18, 26-32, 44-48, 90-94, 128-134, 144, 146, 180, 182, 240, 242, 334-340, 396 Pallidum, intermediate zone, lateral ventricle · 46 Pallidum, subventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 30 Pallidum, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 30 Parabigeminal nucleus · 380 Parabrachial nucleus · 12, 68, 100, 106, 208, 210, 256, 294-298, 366, 384, 386, 424, 426 Paracollicular tegmentum · 380 Parafascicular thalamic nucleus · 18, 30, 48, 50, 88, 134, 146, 190, 192, 236, 300, 304, 306, 310, 346, 348, 384, 432-436, 440, 442, 478, 510 Paramedian raphe nucleus · 202, 206, 392, 486, 488 Parapyramidal reticular nucleus · 208, 210, 268, 366, 368, 490 Parasubthalamic nucleus · 296, 354, 394, 482 Paratenial thalamic nucleus · 138, 144, 178, 246, 248, 338, 340, 432, 472 Paratenial thalamic nucleus, intermediate zone, third ventricle · 178 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus · 14, 52, 54, 94, 96, 144, 148, 188, 250, 252, 298, 304-308, 342-348, 396, 398, 428, 432, 434, 438, 472-478, 518, 520 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 92 Paraventricular thalamic nucleus · 22, 42, 44-48, 88, 138, 146, 180, 236, 240, 242, 250, 300, 304-308, 338-344, 384, 386, 394, 396, 434-440, 472, 474-478, 510-514

xxxii Paraventricular thalamic nucleus, subventricular zone, third ventricle · 146 Paraventricular thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone, ventricular zone · 24, 26, 92, 146, 180 Paravermis · 152, 158, 218, 368, 370, 380-384, 506-510 Parietal cortex · 2, 6-12, 32, 40, 86-90 Parietal cortex, marginal zone · 38, 46 Parietal cortex, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 40, 42, 44, 48 Parvocellular reticular nucleus · 420 Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus · 206, 208 Periaqueductal gray · 62, 140, 198, 200, 202, 206-212, 242, 246, 302-308, 348, 348, 352-366, 376-382, 434-438, 442, 444, 480-494, 502-506 Periaqueductal gray, ventricular zone, aqueduct · 32 Perineural mesenchyme · 2, 36, 84 Periolivary nucleus · 200 Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus · 342, 468, 472-476, 524 Petrosal ganglion · See Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion Pharynx · 56-62 Philtrum · 266-270 Pia-arachnoid · 238 Pia mater · 292, 390 Pineal gland · 26, 42, 44, 82, 138, 180, 232, 308, 310, 342, 344, 376-382, 440-444, 478, 480, 502, 504 Pineal recess · 24, 26, 42, 44, 82, 138, 140, 180, 232, 308, 382, 440, 442, 502, 504 Pinna (of ear) · 120-124, 206-212, 264-272 Piriform cortex · 2, 6-10, 38-44, 90-96, 120, 122, 164, 166, 170-182, 188-192, 242-246, 250-254, 280-286, 318-328,

Index 332-348, 398, 402-406, 412-420, 454-462, 466-476, 520, 524 Piriform cortex, intermediate zone, lateral ventricle · 38 Pituitary · 16-24, 106-110, 146, 148, 152-156, 196, 198, 200, 262, 264 Pituitary, anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis) · 16-22, 108, 110, 146, 148, 152-156, 196-200, 262, 482 Pituitary, intermediate lobe · 20, 106-110, 148, 152, 262 Pituitary, posterior lobe (Neurohypophysis) · 16-22, 104, 106, 152, 154, 196-200, 262 Polymorph layer (of hippocampus) · 290, 350 Pons · 20, 58, 150, 298, 308, 310, 360-368, 384, 388, 392, 396, 428-440, 444, 508 Pons, ventricular zone, fourth ventricle · 58-66, 366 Pontine flexure · 24, 366 Pontine neuroepithelium · 24, 432 Pontine nuclei · 140-144, 156, 258, 260, 290, 294-300, 306, 308, 310, 360, 362, 396, 398, 402, 426-436, 486, 520, 524 Pontine reticular nucleus · 14-18, 22-28, 56-60, 100-104, 110, 144, 146, 202, 204, 208, 258, 260, 290, 296, 308, 428, 430, 432, 488 Posterior ampulla · 212-216 Posterior cerebral artery · 10, 14, 16, 56, 58, 88, 200 Posterior commissure · 14-18, 22-32, 52, 82, 138, 140-144, 186-192, 234, 236, 308, 310, 346, 348, 352, 376, 378-382, 438-444, 480, 482, 504 Posterior communicating artery · 32, 54 Posterior diencephalic fold · 14-18, 30, 32, 52, 82

Posterior dorsal tegmental nucleus · 492 Posterior hypothalamic area · 28, 94, 96, 144, 148, 194, 254, 298, 304, 310, 348, 352, 354, 392, 394, 432-436, 482, 518, 520 Posterior hypothalamic area, ventricular zone, ventricular zone · 54 Posterior hypothalamic neuroepithelium · 92 Posterior hypothalamic nucleus · 256 Posterior lobe (of pituitary, Neurohypophysis) · 16-22, 104, 106, 152, 154, 196-200, 262 Posterior precerebellar neuroepithelium · 218-222 Posterior pretectal nucleus · 192, 298, 354, 430, 484 Posterior semicircular canal · 2, 70, 74, 112, 116, 128, 130, 208, 214-218, 264-268 Posterior thalamic nucleus · 52, 54, 86, 88, 132, 134, 154, 186-194, 236-242, 294, 296, 306, 344, 346, 348, 352, 384, 386, 428-432, 476-482, 510 Posterior thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone, ventricular zone · 86, 90 Precerebellar (extramural) migration · 200, 204 Precerebellar (intramural) migration · 198, 200, 256 Precerebellar migration · 136, 138, 154, 156, 210, 220, 222, 258-264, 272, 274, 290, 296, 298, 306, 360-370, 384, 386, 394-398, 402, 418, 420, 424, 434, 440, 514-520 Precerebellar nuclei, ventricular zone, fourth ventricle · 368 Precerebellar neuroepithelium · 214, 264, 304-308, 368, 430, 444

xxxiii

Index Precommissural nucleus · 138, 142, 144, 186, 188, 306, 378, 382, 438, 442, 480, 482, 506 Prelimbic cortex · 318, 456 Premammillary nucleus · 54, 196, 298, 310, 352-356, 428, 434 Preoptic area · 94, 286 Preoptic neuroepithelium · 12, 26-30, 100, 102, 146, 250, 256 Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus · 16, 18, 74, 114, 154, 158, 212-220, 266, 268, 308, 368, 370, 394, 430, 494, 496, 520 Presphenoid wing · 176, 178, 186-190 Pretectal neuroepithelium · 14-18, 32, 82 Pretectum · 26-30, 48-52, 86, 134, 144-148, 234, 236, 296, 304, 346, 348, 376, 378, 432, 436, 438 Pretectum, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 22, 24, 28 Primary lens fibers · 98 Primary palate · 264, 266 Principal mammillary tract · 14, 26, 28, 94, 96, 144, 146, 152, 196, 198, 254, 256, 298, 300, 308, 356, 358, 388, 394, 396, 428, 484, 518, 520 Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus · 8, 58, 60, 66, 100-112, 134-140, 158, 200-204, 258-264, 284, 288, 290, 362-366, 388, 392-398, 414-418, 440, 444, 488, 490, 516-520, 524 Purkinje cell layer · 150, 212-218, 286, 288, 290, 296-310, 368, 370, 380-386, 416-420, 424-440, 444, 490-496, 508-512 Purkinje cells, migrating · 258, 260 Pyramidal cell layer (of hippocampus) · 284, 290, 294, 298, 308, 310, 350, 382-388, 416-422, 432, 434, 442, 472, 474, 484, 504, 506, 510-514 Pyramidal decussation · 154, 224, 276

Pyramidal tract · 12-18, 24, 56-64, 68-76, 90, 94, 96, 100-116, 202-222, 252-274, 360-372, 396-400, 424, 426, 432-436, 488-494, 516, 520, 526-530 R Radiatum layer · 422, 484, 514 Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) · 14, 18, 20, 62-66, 70, 102-108, 112, 202-206, 258, 262, 362, 366, 368, 404, 428, 488-494, 524-530 Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2) · 14, 16, 114, 116, 154, 156, 222-266, 276, 372, 396, 398, 402, 494, 498 Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1) · 66, 154, 156, 210, 214-218, 224, 370, 402, 404, 498 Rathke’s pouch · 14-24, 104-110, 148, 152, 154, 198, 200, 262, 264 Red blood cells (nucleated) · 2, 4, 36-50, 64, 66, 70, 72, 82, 84, 98 Red nucleus · 18, 26, 28, 56, 88, 142, 144, 148, 152, 198-202, 244, 246, 250, 252, 300, 304, 306, 356-362, 382, 430-436, 440, 444, 486, 510 Reticular formation, medulla · 74, 76, 222, 270, 274, 276, 370, 372, 424, 426, 434, 494, 496 Reticular formation, midbrain · 88, 196, 200-204, 240, 244, 354-360, 364, 366, 482-486 Reticular formation, pons · 362-368, 392, 394, 424, 426, 434, 490, 512, 514 Reticular thalamic nucleus · 14-18, 28-32, 48-52, 90, 92, 132, 134, 154, 182, 186, 244-248, 288, 290, 294-298, 342-346, 388, 392, 394, 420-424, 426-430, 442, 444, 474-480, 512-516 Reticulospinal tract · 274, 276

Reticulotegmental nucleus · 24, 96, 100, 364, 398, 402, 430, 432, 488 Retinal pigment epithelium · 2, 48, 50, 52, 94-100, 106-112, 120-124, 158, 178-186, 254-260 Retrorubral field · 298 Retrosplenial cortex · 12, 26, 28, 30, 82, 86, 182, 186, 234, 236, 288, 290, 294-300, 308, 310, 336-348, 378-382, 392, 436, 438, 472-504 Reuniens thalamic nucleus · 90, 92, 140, 142, 146, 180, 182, 186, 240-250, 300, 304, 340, 342, 344, 394, 434, 474-480, 512-516 Reuniens thalamic nucleus, subventricular zone, third ventricle · 146, 180, 182, 186 Reuniens thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone, third ventricle · 146, 180, 182, 186, 250 Rhinal fissure · 164, 166, 284, 318, 424, 436, 452-456 Rhomboid thalamic nucleus · 304, 474, 476 Roof of lateral ventricle · 82 Roof of oral cavity · 20 Roof plate · 226, 274, 276 Rostral linear raphe nucleus · 196, 200 Rubrospinal tract · 274, 276 S Saccule · 2, 32, 70, 72, 110-116, 128, 134, 136, 206, 208, 210, 264-268 Scarpa’s ganglion · See Vestibular (Scarpa’s) ganglion Sclera · 120, 176-188, 254, 260 Semilunar ganglion · See Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion Septal area · 518 Septal area, intermediate zone, lateral ventricle · 24, 44, 168

xxxiv Septal area, subventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 168, 310, 318-324, 456, 468 Septal area, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 24, 40-44, 168, 310, 318-324, 456 Septal cartilage · 162, 170-178 Septal neuroepithelium · 10, 12, 16, 18, 22, 26, 32, 94, 96, 128, 130, 134, 144, 146, 168-174, 242, 244, 294, 296, 306, 310, 318, 320-326, 430, 456, 458 Septofimbrial nucleus · 336, 436, 468, 470, 516 Septohippocampal nucleus · 458-462 Serotonergic nuclear complex (B1-3) · 72-76 Serous gland · 162-166 Sinusoids · 2, 36, 84 Sling cells · 328, 332, 458, 460, 464, 466 Solitary tract · 8, 10, 18, 22-28, 76, 78, 114, 116, 146-156, 216, 218, 220-224, 266-270, 310, 368, 370, 372, 388, 392, 394, 420-428, 432, 436, 438, 494-498, 516, 518 Solitary tract nucleus · 8, 10, 18, 22-26, 76, 78, 114, 116, 146-154, 158, 214-218, 220-224, 266-274, 298, 310, 368-372, 388, 392, 394, 420-428, 432, 436, 438, 494-498, 516, 518 Somatosensory cortex · 120, 122, 158, 170-182, 186, 236, 240, 242, 280, 282-286, 290, 318-328, 332-344, 376-380, 384, 386, 392, 394, 412-422, 454-462, 466-478, 502-506 Somatosensory cortex, marginal zone · 158 Spinal cord · 16, 78, 156, 394, 396, 398, 402, 406, 408, 420, 424-428 Spinal cord neuroepithelium · 12, 14, 400 Spinal cord, ventricular zone, central canal · 16

Index Spinal trigeminal nucleus · 60, 62, 68, 70-78, 104, 106, 112-116, 138-142, 146, 148, 152-156, 208-226, 262-276, 364-372, 388, 396, 398, 416-420, 432-440, 444, 490-498, 520 Spinal trigeminal tract (V) · 2-8, 30, 32, 58-62, 68-78, 96, 100-116, 132-148, 152, 154, 200-226, 258-262, 266-276, 364-372, 396, 398, 414-420, 440, 444, 490-498, 516-520 Spinal vestibular nucleus · See Inferior vestibular nucleus Spinocerebellar tract · 274, 276 Spinothalamic tract · 274, 276 Spiral (cochlear) ganglion · See Cochlear (spiral) ganglion Stria medullaris · 14-18, 22, 26-32, 46-50, 82, 84, 88, 90-94, 132, 134, 138, 144148, 178-182, 186, 236-242, 246-252, 294-300, 310, 338-344, 384-388, 392398, 428-444, 472-478, 506, 510-518 Stria terminalis · 124-130, 134, 138, 142-146, 154-158, 180, 182, 186, 190, 244-252, 280-296, 310, 338, 340-346, 396, 398, 416-430, 444, 470-480, 514-520 Striatal neuroepithelium · 8-12, 32, 42-48, 88-96, 126-130, 144-148, 152-158, 172, 176, 236, 240, 242, 280-290, 294, 296, 310, 320-340, 388-396, 430, 432, 458-462, 466, 468, 518 Striatum· See also Caudate-putamen· 40, 44, 46, 90, 94, 96, 174 Subcommissural organ · 138-142, 186, 188-198, 234, 308, 310, 346, 348, 352, 354, 376-382, 442, 480-484, 504 Subfornical organ · 128, 140, 142, 240, 242, 286, 288, 294, 300, 306, 336, 338, 394, 422, 442, 472, 512, 514 Subgeniculate nucleus · 348, 350

Subiculum · 128, 130, 284, 286, 288, 294, 348, 352, 354, 416, 418, 424, 478, 482, 484, 504, 514 Subiculum, subventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 128 Subiculum, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle · 128 Submandibular gland · 138, 140, 196-204, 272 Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus · 140, 246, 252, 296, 352, 354, 394, 426, 442, 480, 512 Subplate · 166, 170, 172, 176, 230-238, 280, 284-290, 316-338, 386, 390, 454-462, 466, 502-506 Subretinal space · See Intraretinal (subretinal, ventricular) space (of eye) Substantia gelatinosa · 226, 396-400 Substantia innominata · 28, 30, 128, 130, 154, 284, 286, 288, 418-426, 468-474 Substantia nigra (A9) · 30, 58, 90, 132, 134, 138, 140, 204, 246, 250, 252, 296, 356, 358, 360, 382-386, 392, 426, 428, 440, 444, 510-516 Substantia nigra (A9), compact part · 56, 200, 202, 486 Substantia nigra (A9), reticular part · 196-202, 484, 486 Subthalamic nucleus · 14, 16, 30, 54, 92, 94, 132, 194, 196, 252, 294, 296, 348, 352, 394, 426, 444, 480, 482, 516, 518 Subventricular zone, aqueduct, tectum · 208 Subventricular zone, central medial thalamic nucleus · 180, 182, 186 Subventricular zone, hippocampus · 130, 232, 234 Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle, amygdala · 346, 348

xxxv

Index Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle, auditory cortex · 350 Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle, cortex · 28, 120-124, 130, 146, 158, 164, 166, 172-176, 230-238, 280, 284, 288-292, 306, 310, 318-340, 350, 376, 378, 382-390, 394, 398, 404, 420, 428, 456, 462-468, 504, 506 Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle, lateral ganglionic eminence · 40-48, 88, 172, 176, 178, 236, 238, 290, 320-340, 462 Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle, medial ganglionic eminence · 46, 48, 334-340 Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle, pallidum · 30 Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle, septal area · 168, 306, 310, 318-324, 456, 468 Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle, subiculum · 128 Subventricular zone, olfactory ventricle, olfactory bulb · 244, 246, 290, 292, 300, 314, 316, 448-454 Subventricular zone, third ventricle, central medial thalamic nucleus · 180, 182, 186 Subventricular zone, third ventricle, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus · 182 Subventricular zone, third ventricle, paraventricular thalamic nucleus,· 146 Subventricular zone, third ventricle, reuniens thalamic nucleus · 146, 180, 182, 186 Sulcus limitans · 114, 116, 222, 368, 370 Superior cerebellar artery · 58, 60, 200 Superior (anterior) semicircular canal · 68-74, 106, 108, 114, 116, 136, 204, 208-218, 260

Superior cerebellar peduncle · 74, 76, 88, 140, 142, 144, 146, 152, 154, 158, 188, 190, 200-204, 244, 246, 250, 296, 298, 300-308, 354, 382, 384, 392, 420, 424-428, 432, 436-440, 444, 486, 492, 508-512 Superior cervical ganglion · 146, 212-216, 272 Superior colliculus · 10-18, 22-32, 54-62, 68-74, 82, 86-94, 132, 134, 138-142, 146-158, 194-218, 232-242, 296-300, 304-310, 352-368, 376, 378, 426-444, 482-494, 502, 504 Superior colliculus, ventricular zone, aqueduct · 200-212, 216, 368 Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion · 2-6, 30, 114, 142, 144 Superior mammillary nucleus · 54 Superior medullary velum · 8-12, 16, 18, 22, 28, 32, 102-110, 210, 212, 370 Superior oblique muscle · 122-126, 156, 178 Superior olive · 10, 58-62, 104, 106, 144, 146, 156, 202-206, 262-266, 296, 308, 310, 362, 364, 402, 404, 420, 424, 426, 436, 488, 524-530 Superior rectus muscle · 122-126, 178-184 Superior sagittal sinus · 38, 40, 86, 88, 162, 164, 170-180, 230 Superior semicircular canal · See Anterior (superior) semicircular canal Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion · 2-6, 26-30, 74, 76, 114, 116, 142, 144, 214-218, 270 Superior vestibular nucleus · 62, 68, 104, 106, 138, 140, 206, 208, 256, 262, 294, 296, 366, 388, 392, 490, 492 Suprachiasmatic nucleus · 152, 182, 192, 260, 296, 300, 304, 306, 310, 340, 406, 408, 430-434, 440, 474-478, 526-530

Supramammillary decussation · 356, 484, 516 Supramammillary nucleus · 140, 298, 354, 392, 394, 428, 430, 436, 516 Supramammillary nucleus, lateral part · 484 Supramammillary nucleus, medial part · 484 Supraoptic nucleus · 190, 346, 404, 476, 478, 524, 526 T Tectal neuroepithelium · 54, 72, 74, 82-88, 90-96, 150, 202-208, 214, 236, 240, 242, 256 Tectospinal tract · 210, 270, 274, 276, 364, 366, 372, 488 Tectum · 196, 198, 208, 376, 378 Tectum, subventricular zone, aqueduct · 208 Tectum, ventricular zone, aqueduct · 14, 16, 56-62, 68, 196, 198, 208 Tegmental neuroepithelium · 64, 92-96 Tegmentum · 196, 198 Tegmentum, intermediate zone, aqueduct · 60 Tegmentum, ventricular zone, aqueduct · 14, 16, 56-62, 68, 194-198 Tela choroidea · 42 Temporal cortex · 6, 256 Temporal cortex, ventricular zone · 50 Tenia tecta · 456, 458, 460 Terete hypothalamic nucleus · 426 Thalamic fasciculus · 134, 138 Thalamic neuroepithelium · 48, 50, 84, 140, 142, 240-248 Thalamocortical tract · 476, 478 Thalamus · 290, 346, 424-434, 438, 440, 442, 444, 474-482, 506, 510-514

xxxvi Third ventricle · 14-26, 44-54, 82-96, 100-106, 138-148, 176-196, 236, 240-258, 298, 300, 304, 308, 338-348, 352, 354, 380, 382, 386, 388, 392, 396, 398, 402, 406, 408, 430-440, 468-484, 506, 510-520, 524-530 Third ventricle, intermediate zone, lateral preoptic area · 48 Third ventricle, intermediate zone, medial preoptic area · 46 Third ventricle, intermediate zone, paratenial thalamic nucleus · 178 Third ventricle, subventricular zone, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus · 182 Third ventricle, subventricular zone, paraventricular thalamic nucleus · 146 Third ventricle, subventricular zone, reuniens thalamic nucleus, · 146, 180, 182, 186 Third ventricle, ventricular zone ·308, 436 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, anterior hypothalamus · 50 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, anterior thalamic nucleus · 22, 26, 90 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, central medial thalamic nucleus · 92, 180, 182, 186 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, epithalamus · 22, 24, 42, 134 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, hypothalamus · 194, 196, 306, Third ventricle, ventricular zone, lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus · 86 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, lateral preoptic area · 46 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, mammillary area · 54 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, medial habenular nucleus · 26, 180

Index Third ventricle, ventricular zone, medial preoptic area · 22, 48 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus · 182 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus · 92 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, paraventricular thalamic nucleus · 24, 26, 92, 146, 180 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, posterior hypothalamus · 54 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, posterior thalamic nucleus · 86, 90 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, pretectum · 22, 24, 28 Third ventricle, ventricular zone, reuniens thalamic nucleus · 146, 180, 182, 186, 250 Thyroid gland · 214 Tongue · 12-18, 22, 50-56, 110, 112, 132, 134, 138-144, 154, 180, 182, 186-200, 268, 270 Tooth bud, lower molar · 266-270 Tooth bud, upper incisor · 144, 264 Trachea · 210-216 Transverse cerebral fissure · 502 Transverse pontine fibers · 520, 524 Transverse sinus · 42-46, 52 Trapezoid body · 364, 526 Triangular septal nucleus · 336, 470, 514-518 Trigeminal motor nucleus · 10, 30, 32, 56, 58, 66, 100, 102, 106, 108, 138, 140, 142, 158, 202, 204, 258, 260, 290, 294, 364, 394, 420, 424, 440, 444, 488, 516, 518 Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root · 8, 32, 56, 66, 102-108, 132-138, 198, 204, 364, 486, 488, 518, 524

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root · 2-8, 32, 56-60, 66, 100, 102, 106, 110, 112, 132-136, 158, 198-202, 258, 260, 288, 360, 396, 444, 488, 524 Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion · 2-8, 32, 54-60, 66, 100-112, 128-140, 156, 158, 194-202, 258-262, 520 Trochlear nerve (IV) · 6, 8, 62, 66, 68, 72, 74, 92, 94, 126-134, 156 Trochlear nucleus · 14-18, 26, 62, 64, 94, 146, 206, 252, 308, 364, 380, 434, 438, 488, 506 Tuberoinfundibular tract · 406, 528, 530 Tympanic cavity · 2-8, 30, 32, 132, 134, 138-142 U Upper eyelid · 176-180, 184, 186 Upper lip · 266-270 Utricle · 2, 4, 32, 70-74, 106-116, 128, 130, 136, 138, 208-212, 262, 264, 268, 270 V Vagus nerve (X) · 4-8, 26-30, 74, 76, 114, 116, 142, 212-220, 266-370, 496 Vascular organ of lamina terminalis · 140, 186, 244, 298, 338, 470 Vascular plexus of choroid fissure · 42 Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus · 134, 152, 244, 246, 512 Ventral cochlear nucleus · 4, 32, 68, 72, 74, 108, 132-138, 208, 210, 262-366, 368, 394, 396, 414, 416, 490-494, 516-520 Ventral diencephalic sulcus · 190, 348 Ventral funiculus · 10-16, 156, 158, 224, 398-402, 420, 424, 428

xxxvii

Index Ventral hippocampal commissure · 298, 304-308, 334, 396, 432-444, 468, 470, 510-514 Ventral horn · 10-16, 396-404, 408, 426 Ventral horn, motor neurons · 156, 224, 400, 404 Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus · 12, 32, 50-54, 88, 130, 154, 156, 182, 186-192, 242, 244, 288, 290, 294, 344-350, 386, 420-426, 474, 476, 478, 480, 518 Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus · 30, 46, 48, 88, 90, 132, 152, 180, 182, 244, 246, 250, 296, 298, 342, 388, 392, 430, 444, 474, 476, 512, 514 Ventral medial thalamic nucleus · 90, 140, 146, 182, 190, 244, 246, 248, 250, 298, 308, 310, 342, 344, 346, 392, 394, 432, 438-444, 474, 478, 480, 512, 514 Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus · 60, 198, 200, 202, 256, 294, 296, 360, 362, 386, 388, 392-396, 424, 426, 440, 444, 486, 516-520 Ventral pallidum · 26, 28, 96, 102, 128, 130, 148, 156, 176, 180, 284, 286, 320, 322-328, 406, 426, 456-460, 466, 526 Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus · 14, 30, 32, 48, 50, 52, 88, 90, 132, 152, 186-190, 244, 290, 294, 296, 344-348, 388, 392, 394, 422-428, 476-480, 510-514 Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus · 14, 16, 28, 48, 50, 52, 88, 90, 134, 138, 152, 154, 186- 190, 244, 296, 344-348, 352, 388, 392, 394, 426-430, 442, 444, 476-482, 510-514 Ventral premammillary nucleus · 482 Ventricular space (of eye) · See Intraretinal (subretinal) space (of eye) Ventral spinocerebellar tract · 276

Ventral tegmental area (A10) · 16, 18, 22, 26-30, 56-60, 90, 138, 144, 146, 152, 198-204, 250, 252, 296-300, 304, 356, 358, 360-364, 384, 388, 430, 432-436, 486, 512 Ventral tegmental decussation · 486 Ventral tegmental nucleus · 490 Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium · 14-18, 28-32, 48-52 Ventricular zone, aqueduct, inferior colliculus · 72, 76, 210-214, 218, 254, 368 Ventricular zone, aqueduct, periaqueductal gray · 32 Ventricular zone, aqueduct, superior colliculus · 200, 210, 212, 216, 368 Ventricular zone, aqueduct, tectum · 14, 16, 56, 58, 60, 62, 68, 196, 198, 208 Ventricular zone, aqueduct, tegmentum · 14, 16, 56-62, 68, 194, 196, 198 Ventricular zone, central canal, spinal cord · 16, 428 Ventricular zone, fourth ventricle · 490, 518 Ventricular zone, fourth ventricle, cerebellum · 74, 76, 150, 214, 216, 220, 368, 370 Ventricular zone, fourth ventricle, medulla · 14, 18, 78, 150, 304 Ventricular zone, fourth ventricle, pons · 58, 60-66, 366 Ventricular zone, fourth ventricle, precerebellar nuclei · 368 Ventricular zone, fourth ventricle, vestibular nuclei · 74, 76 Ventricular zone, hippocampus · 18, 22, 26, 28, 40-48, 130, 142, 146, 154-158, 174-182, 186, 190-194, 232-240, 244, 246, 252, 254, 290, 338

Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, accumbens nucleus · 42 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, amygdala · 346, 348 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, auditory cortex · 350 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, cingulate cortex · 22, 38, 40 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, cortex · 6, 8, 28, 120-124, 130, 144-148, 152-158, 164, 166, 172, 174, 176, 230-238, 280, 284, 288, 290, 304, 306, 318-340, 376, 378, 382-390, 394, 398, 404-406, 438, 444, 456, 462, 464, 466, 502-506, 520 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, frontal cortex · 38, 42, 84, 162 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, frontopolar cortex · 36 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, lateral ganglionic eminence · 38-48, 88, 172178, 236, 238, 290, 320, 322-340 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, medial ganglionic eminence · 24, 46, 48, 334-340 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, occipital cortex · 50, 52 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, pallidum · 30 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, parietal cortex · 40-44, 48 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, septal area · 24, 40, 42, 44, 168, 310, 318, 320-324, 456 Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, subiculum · 128 Ventricular zone, neural retina · 94, 98, 100, 112, 122, 124, 184, 186, 254, 256, 258, 260

xxxviii Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, temporal cortex · 50 Ventricular zone, olfactory ventricle, olfactory bulb · 26, 126, 138, 140, 144, 146, 244, 246, 288-292, 300, 314, 316, 406, 450, 454, 520 Ventricular zone, third ventricle · 28, 306, 308, 436 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, anterior hypothalamus · 50 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, anterior thalamic nucleus · 22, 26, 90 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, central medial thalamic nucleus · 92, 180, 182, 186 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, epithalamus · 22, 24, 42, 134 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, hypothalamus · 194, 196, 306 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus · 86 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, lateral preoptic area · 46 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, mammillary area · 54 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, medial habenular nucleus · 26, 180 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, medial preoptic area · 22, 48 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus · 182 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus · 92 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, paraventricular thalamic nucleus · 24, 26, 92, 146, 180 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, posterior hypothalamus · 54

Index Ventricular zone, third ventricle, posterior thalamic nucleus · 86, 90 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, pretectum 22, 24, 28 Ventricular zone, third ventricle, reuniens thalamic nucleus · 146, 180, 182, 186, 250 Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus · 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 52, 100-108, 144, 147, 152, 194, 258, 260, 296-308, 346, 348, 352, 402, 404, 430-434, 478-482, 526-530 Vermis · 70-76, 150, 154, 156, 218, 302, 368, 370, 380, 382, 494-498, 506-510 Vertebral artery · 76, 220 Vestibular nerve (VIII) · 4, 30, 62, 68, 112-116, 268, 270 Vestibular neuroepithelium · 12, 60, 70, 72, 102-106, 110, 114, 206, 208, 260, 264, 392 Vestibular nuclei, ventricular zone, fourth ventricle · 74, 76 Vestibular (Scarpa’s) ganglion · 2-6, 30, 32, 60, 62, 68, 110-114, 132-136, 204-210, 264 Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) · 2, 6, 30, 32, 68, 70, 72, 106-110, 134-140, 206, 208-216, 264-368, 414, 416, 490-494 Visual cortex · 230-236, 240, 280, 282, 284, 286, 290, 294, 346, 348, 352, 378, 380, 414-420, 480, 482, 502, 504 Vitreous space · 180-184, 258 Vomer · 138, 172-176, 260, 262 Vomeronasal nerve · 134, 138, 140, 172-178, 292, 294, 448, 516, 518 Vomeronasal organ · 46, 106-110, 134, 138, 172-178, 260

W Whisker (vibrissa) follicle · 120-124, 162-166, 170, 172-178, 188, 192, 256, 258, 262-270 White layer of superior colliculus · 304, 432-444 White matter (of cortex) · 280, 284-292, 304, 316-340, 376, 378, 382, 390, 434, 454-462, 466, 502-506 Z Zona incerta · 14-18, 28-32, 50-54, 90, 92, 132, 134, 138, 148, 152, 188-194, 244-250, 294, 296, 308, 310, 342-350, 354, 388, 392, 426-430, 438-442, 474-482, 510-516 Zona incerta, dorsal part · 352 Zona incerta, ventral part · 294, 352, 394 I - XII I (Olfactory nerve) · 10, 14-18, 24-30, 38-44, 96, 100, 102, 128, 130-134, 140-148, 152, 168-176, 246, 250-254, 316, 406, 448- 452, 522, 524 II (Optic nerve) · 100, 126-134, 138, 154-158, 182, 184-190, 258, 280-284, 288, 290, 294, 428, 434, 436, 466-472, 528, 530 III (Oculomotor nerve) · 10, 12, 30, 32, 50, 54, 56, 90-96, 106, 128, 130, 154, 158, 182-190 IV (Trochlear nerve) · 6, 8, 62, 66, 68, 72, 74, 92, 94, 126-134, 156

xxxix

Index V (Mesencephalic trigeminal tract) · 96, 290, 294, 298-302, 376, 378, 504 V (Spinal trigeminal tract) · 2-8, 30, 32, 58-62, 68-78, 96, 100-116, 132-148, 152, 154, 200-226, 258-262, 266-276, 364, 366-372, 396, 398, 414-420, 440, 444, 490-498, 516-520 V (Trigeminal nerve, motor root) · 8, 32, 56, 66, 102-108, 132-138, 198, 204, 364, 486, 488, 518, 524 V (Trigeminal nerve, sensory root) · 2-8, 32, 56-60, 66, 100, 102, 106, 110, 112, 132-136, 158, 198-202, 258, 260, 288, 360, 396, 444, 488, 524 V1 (Ophthalmic nerve) · 6, 8, 52, 100, 108, 110, 132, 134, 138, 156, 158, 260, 262

V2 (Maxillary nerve) · 2, 6-10, 44-52, 102-106, 112, 116, 124-134, 138, 154, 156, 176-182, 186, 188, 190, 260, 262 V3 (Inferior alveolar nerve) · 194 V3 (Lingual nerve) · 194 V3 (Mandibular nerve) · 2-10, 52, 54, 106, 110-116, 126, 130-134, 154-158, 194-198, 266, 268 VI (Abducens nerve) · 52, 126-130, 156, 188, 190, 262 VII (Facial nerve) · 2-10, 26-32, 60-68, 108-116, 128, 130, 136, 142, 144, 147, 148, 156, 158, 200-214, 262, 264, 268, 288, 290, 294, 296, 310, 364, 366, 396, 416, 418, 426, 438, 488, 490, 518, 520 VII (Facial nerve, genu) · 60-64, 112, 152, 154, 206, 208, 262, 264, 298, 308, 366, 434, 492

VIII (Cochlear nerve) · 4, 28, 62, 68, 108, 114, 116, 144, 266, 268 VIII (Vestibular nerve) · 4, 30, 62, 68, 112-116, 268, 270 VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve) · 2, 6, 30, 32, 68, 70, 72, 106-110, 134-140, 206-216, 264, 366, 368, 414, 416, 490, 492, 494 IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) · 2-6, 26, 30, 68-72, 114, 142, 144, 212, 214, 266, 268, 496 X (Vagus nerve) · 4-8, 26-30, 74, 76, 114, 116, 142, 212-220, 266, 268, 370, 496 XI (Accessory nerve) · 216, 496 XII (Hypoglossal nerve) · 6, 8, 12, 14, 22-28, 32, 76, 132, 138, 142, 144, 147, 148, 152, 194

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 HP 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 HP 1 HP denotes image enlargement

GESTATIONAL DAY 12 (GD 12) SAGITTAL SECTIONS

1

2

Mkb`^fbgZeg^ko^!V), sensory root

Cerebellar neuroepithelium Cochlear neuroepithelium

Mkb`^fbgZe!l^fbengZk"`Zg`ebhg

Inferior medullary velum

Perineural mesenchyme and sinusoids with red blood cells (nucleated)

Fourth ventricle Parietal cortex LibgZemkb`^fbgZemkZ\m!V) FZk`bgZeshg^

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Posterior semicircular canal

Piriform cortex

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg K^mbgZeib`f^gm^ibma^ebnf Hmh\rlm(nmkb\e^$lZ\\ne^ Intraretinal space

Occipital sinus

Neural retina

Lni^kbhk`ehllhiaZkrg`^Ze$ oZ`Ze!cn`neZk"`Zg`ebZ @ehllhiaZkrg`^Zeg^ko^!IX)

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Bg_^kbhk`ehllhiaZkrg`^Ze!i^mkhlZe"$oZ`Ze!gh]hl^"`Zg`ebZ

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Tympanic cavity @^gb\neZm^`Zg`ebhg Facial nerve (VII)

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 1

3

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

4

Fourth ventricle Cochlear neuroepithelium

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Ventral cochlear nucleus Cochlear nerve (VIII) Vestibular nerve (VIII)

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl" ganglion Utricle

Geniculate ganglion

Otocyst Vestibular nerve (VIII) Mandibular nerve (V3) Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Tympanic cavity

Cochlear duct Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vagus nerve (X)

Internal jugular vein with nucleated red blood cells

Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion Facial nerve (VII)

Ganglia and Inner Ear

Inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion

0.25 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 2

5

6

Mkb`^fbgZeg^ko^!V"%l^glhkrkhhm Mkb`^fbgZe!l^fbengZk"`Zg`ebhg

LibgZemkb`^fbgZemkZ\m!V) Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Entorhinal cortex

Fourth ventricle

Temporal cortex

Cochlear neuroepithelium Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Parietal cortex
O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg @ehllhiaZkrg`^Zeg^ko^!IX)

Piriform cortex

OZ`nlg^ko^!X) Trochlear nerve (IV) Lni^kbhk`ehllhiaZkrg`^Ze`Zg`ebhg Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Lni^kbhkoZ`Ze!cn`neZk"`Zg`ebhg

Optic stalk

Arih`ehllZeg^ko^!XII)

Cavernous sinus

Hmh\rlm(\h\ae^Zk]n\m

FZqbeeZkrg^ko^!V2)

Bgm^kgZecn`neZko^bg

Mandibular nerve (V3)

OZ`nlg^ko^!X) Bg_^kbhkoZ`Ze!gh]hl^"`Zg`ebhg

FZqbeeZkrikh\^ll

@ehllhiaZkrg`^Zeg^ko^!IX)

Mandibular process

@^gb\neZm^`Zg`ebhg

MrfiZgb\\Zobmr Facial nerve (VII)

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 3

7

8 Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Entorhinal cortex

Superior medullary velum

Lateral ventricle Fourth ventricle

Ventricular zone of lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Choroid plexus

Amygdala

Inferior medullary velum

Parietal cortex

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Caudate-putamen Insular cortex

Solitary tract nucleus

Piriform cortex Solitary tract

Internal carotid artery

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Trochlear nerve (IV) Optic stalk

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Vagus nerve (X)

Maxillary process

Otocyst/cochlear duct

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Tympanic cavity

Mandibular process Cavernous sinus

Facial nerve (VII)

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 4

9

10 Posterior cerebral artery Optic tract

Oculomotor nerve (III) Lateral lemniscus Superior colliculus

Occipital cortex

Aqueduct

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Inferior colliculus

Internal capsule

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Parietal cortex

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuropeithelium)

Superior medullary velum Choroid plexus

Caudate-putamen

Fourth ventricle

Cortical neuropeithelium

Inferior medullary velum Lateral ventricle

Facial nerve (VII)

Insular cortex

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Lateral preoptic area

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Septal neuroepithelium

Solitary tract Solitary tract nucleus

Piriform cortex

Facial nucleus

Olfactory nerve (I) Olfactory epithelium

Dorsal funiculus

Optic recess

Dorsal horn

Cavernous sinus

Ventral funiculus

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Ventral horn

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Superior olive Otocyst/cochlear duct

F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^ Internal carotid artery

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 5

11

12

Brachium of superior colliculus Oculomotor nerve (III)

Superior colliculus Lateral lemniscus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Parabrachial nucleus

Brachium of superior colliculus

Aqueduct

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Retrosplenial cortex

Isthmus

Medial geniculate nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Cerebellar nuclear neurons, migrating

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Superior medullary velum

Lateral ventricle

Choroid plexus

Parietal cortex Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Fourth ventricle Inferior medullary velum

Globus pallidus

Vestibular neuroepithelium

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Facial nucleus, migrating

Caudate-putamen

Hypoglossal nucleus

Medial preoptic area

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Septal neuroepithelium

Spinal cord neuroepithelium

Supraoptic area Preoptic neuroepithelium

Intermediate gray

Olfactory epithelium

Ventral horn

Nasal cavity

Ventral funiculus

Optic recess

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Medial nasal prominence

Internal carotid artery

Anterior hypothalamic neuroepithelium

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Oral cavity F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

Tongue Optic tract

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 6

13

14 Subthalamic nucleus

Cerebral peduncle + medial lemniscus Superior colliculus

Posterior diencephalic fold with posterior commissure

Aqueduct

Pretectum, neuroepithelium

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Middle diencephalic fold with stria medullaris

Tectum, ventricular zone Tegmentum, ventricular zone

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium: Lateral posterior, lateral dorsal, ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial nuclei

Trochlear nucleus Inferior colliculus

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Posterior cerebral artery

Reticular nucleus + zona incerta

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Occipital cortex

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Anterior diencephalic fold with external medullary lamina + medial lemniscus

Fourth ventricle Choroid plexus

Stria medullaris

Pontine reticular nucleus

Marginal zone

Abducens nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus Inferior medullary velum

Frontal cortex

Medulla, ventricular zone

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Lateral ventricle

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Third ventricle

Hypoglossal nucleus

Olfactory nerve (I)

Basilar artery

Medial preoptic area

Cervical flexure Spinal cord neuroepithelium

Olfactory epithelium

Ventral horn

Nasal cavity

Ventral funiculus

Medial nasal prominence

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Principal mammillary tract

KZmad^lihn\a

Hypothalamus, neuroepithelium: Paraventricular, arcuate + ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Tongue

Mammillary neuroepithelium

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 7

15

16

Tectum, ventricular zone Ventral tegmental area (A10) Interpeduncular nucleus

Superior colliculus Tegmentum, ventricular zone Aqueduct

Subthalamic nucleus

Oculomotor nucleus

Posterior diencephalic fold with posterior commissure

Cerebral peduncle

Epithalamus + pretectum, neuroepithelium:

Posterior cerebral artery

Lateral habenular + anterior pretectal nuclei

Inferior colliculus

Middle diencephalic fold with fasciculus retroflexus

Trochlear nucleus

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium: Anterior, mediodorsal + ventral posterior medial nuclei

Isthmus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Occipital cortex

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Anterior diencephalic fold with external medullary lamina

Superior medullary velum

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Fourth ventricle

Reticular nucleus + zona incerta

Choroid plexus

Stria medullaris

Pontine reticular nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Frontal cortex

Abducens nucleus

Interventricular foramen

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Lateral ventricle

Hypoglossal nucleus

Third ventricle

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Septal neuroepithelium

Basilar artery

Olfactory nerve ( I )

Spinal cord, ventricular zone

Olfactory epithelium

Ventral horn

Nasal cavity Medial nasal prominence

Ventral funiculus

Optic recess Oral cavity Tongue Mammillotegmental tract

Mammillary body Ventromedial nucleus Arcuate nucleus

Hypothalamic neuroepithelium:

Pituitary : Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) KZmad^lihn\a Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 8

17

18 Red nucleus Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Basilar artery Superior colliculus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Mammillary neuroepithelium

Oculomotor nucleus

Posterior diencephalic fold with posterior commisure

Cerebral peduncle

Epithalamus + pretectum, neuroepithelium

Trochlear nucleus

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Middle diencephalic fold with fasciculus retroflexus

Isthmus Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Lateral habenular nucleus

Dorsal raphe nucleus, pons (B6)

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Superior medullary velum

Mediodorsal + central medial nuclei

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Pontine reticular nucleus

Anterior thalamic nucleus Lamina terminalis

Choroid plexus

Anterior diencephalic fold with external medullary lamina

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5) Inferior medullary velum

Stria medullaris

Fourth ventricle

Choroid plexus

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Floor of fourth ventricle

Reticular nucleus + zona incerta

Ventricular zone, medulla

Frontal cortex

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Interventricular foramen

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Lateral ventricle

Solitary tract

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Solitary tract nucleus

Olfactory nerve ( I )

Medial lemniscus

Septal neuroepithelium Pyramidal tract

Olfactory artery Olfactory epithelium

Pituitary:

Optic recess

Basilar artery

Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Third ventricle

KZmad^lihn\a Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Mammillary recess Median eminence

Tongue

Infundibular recess

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 9

19

20 Third ventricle

Fourth ventricle

Pituitary: Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Lumen, posterior lobe Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) Intermediate lobe

Pons

Rathk^lihnch Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Basilar artery Median eminence

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Medulla

Roof of oral cavity

Pituitary

0.5 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 10

21

Superior colliculus

22

Aqueduct Mesencephalic flexure

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Cerebral peduncle

Interpeduncular nucleus

Mammillary recess Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Posterior commisure

Inferior colliculus

Pretectum, ventricular zone

Isthmus

Epithalamus, ventricular zone:

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Medial habenular + paraventricular thalamic nuclei

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Stria medullaris

Superior medullary velum Fourth ventricle

Cingulate cortex, ventricular zone

Choroid plexus Anterior thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Inferior medullary velum

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Choroid plexus

Facial nucleus, migrating Medial vestibular nucleus

Lateral ventricle

Solitary tract

Lamina terminalis

Solitary tract nucleus Third ventricle

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Septal neuroepithelium

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Abducens nucleus

Medial septal nucleus

Cervical flexure

Medial preoptic area, ventricular zone

Pontine reticular nucleus

Lamina terminalis Infundibular recess

Pituitary:

Maxillary process

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Tongue

KZmad^lihn\a

Mandibular process

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) Median eminence

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 11

23

24 Interpeduncular nucleus Interpeduncular fossa Posterior commissure

Superior colliculus Cerebral peduncle Aqueduct

Pretectum, ventricular zone

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Third ventricle

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Epithalamus, ventricular zone

Inferior colliculus

Pineal recess

Isthmus

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Cerebellar neuroepithelium Pontine neuroepithelium

Cingulate cortex (left), marginal zone

Mammillary recess

Medial ganglionic eminence, ventricular zone

Choroid plexus Fourth ventricle

Lateral ventricle

Reticulotegmental nucleus

Septal area:

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Ventricular zone

Solitary tract

Intermediate zone

Solitary tract nucleus Optic recess

Facial nucleus, migrating Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Olfactory nerve( I )

Pyramidal tract Olfactory epithelium

Pontine reticular nucleus

Nasal cavity

Pontine flexure KZmad^lihn\a

Medial nasal prominence

Pituitary, anterior lobe

Oral cavity Mammillary body

Mandibular process Infundibular recess

Dorsomedial nucleus Ventromedial nucleus

Hypothalamic neuroepithelium:

Hypoglossal nerve ( XII )

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 12

25

26 Mammillotegmental tract Aqueduct

Red nucleus Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Nucleus of Darkschewitsch

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Posterior commissure

Superior colliculus

Pretectum

Oculomotor nucleus

Third ventricle

Cerebral peduncle Principal mammillary tract

Pineal gland

Trochlear nucleus

Pineal recess

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Medial habenular nucleus, ventricular zone

Inferior colliculus Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Isthmus

Stria medullaris

Cerebellar nuclear neurons, migrating

Retrosplenial cortex

Mammillary neuroepithelium

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Anterior thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Pontine reticular nucleus

Lamina terminalis

Choroid plexus

Interventricular foramen

Fourth ventricle

Lateral ventricle

Internal carotid artery

Stria medullaris

Facial nerve (VII)

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Solitary tract

Septal neuroepithelium

Solitary tract nucleus

Olfactory nerve (I)

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Ventral pallidum

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Anterior hypothalamic neuroepithelium

Otocyst/cochlear duct

Olfactory epithelium

Internal jugular vein

Nasal cavity Preoptic neuroepithelium

Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion

Optic recess

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Optic tract

Vagus nerve (X)

Maxillary process

Internal carotid artery Palatal shelf Mandibular process

Eustachian tube Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 13

27

28 Red nucleus Posterior commissure

Ventral tegmental area (A10) Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Mammillotegmental tract

Superior colliculus

Pretectum

Aqueduct

Ventricular zone of third ventricle with mitotic cells

Cerebral peduncle

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Dorsal tegmental nucleus

Mediodorsal, central medial, posterior + ventral posterior medial nuclei

Inferior colliculus

Posterior hypothalamic area

Isthmus

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium: Reticular nucleus + zona incerta

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Principal mammillary tract

Retrosplenial cortex

Cerebellar nuclear neurons, migrating

Hippocampus, ventricular zone Stria medullaris

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Lateral ventricle

Superior medullary velum

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Fourth ventricle

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Choroid plexus Pontine reticular nucleus

Frontal cortex

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Marginal zone

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Ventricular + subventricular zone

Solitary tract

Olfactory nerve (I)

Facial nerve (VII)

Substantia innominata, ventral pallidum, globus pallidus

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Olfactory nerve (I)

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Olfactory epithelium

Vagus nerve (X)

Preoptic neuroepithelium

Cochlear nerve (VIII)

Nasal cavity

Otocyst/cochlear duct

Optic recess

Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion

Maxillary process Cavernous sinus

Vagus nerve (X)

Oral cavity

Eustachian tube

Mandibular process Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Mammillary body Optic chiasm

Anterior hypothalamic area

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 14

29

Pretectum Middle diencephalic fold with fasciculus retroflexus

Epithalamus, neuroepithelium:

30

Posterior diencephalic fold with posterior commissure Medial longitudinal fasciculus Superior colliculus

Lateral habenular nucleus

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Cerebral peduncle

Mediodorsal, parafascicular, ventral lateral + ventral posterior lateral nuclei

Substantia nigra (A9) Oculomotor nerve (III)

Retrosplenial cortex

Aqueduct

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium: Reticular nucleus + zona incerta

Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculus

Anterior diencephalic fold with external medullary lamina + medial lemniscus

Isthmus

Subthalamic nucleus

Cerebellar nuclear neurons, migrating

Stria medullaris

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Lateral ventricle

Fourth ventricle

Frontal cortex

Choroid plexus

Medial ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Substantia innominata, globus pallidus

Ambiguus nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Medial preoptic area

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Olfactory nerve (I)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Nasal cavity

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

Olfactory epithelium

Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion

Preoptic neuroepithelium

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Optic tract Optic recess

Vagus nerve (X)

Cavernous sinus

Vestibular nerve (VIII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Internal carotid artery Facial nerve (VII) Tympanic cavity Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Internal jugular vein Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal)/vagal (jugular) ganglion Otocyst, cochlear duct

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 15

31

32

Posterior diencephalic fold with posterior commissure Epithalamus + pretectum, neuroepithelium

Posterior communicating artery Superior colliculus Periaqueductal gray, ventricular zone

Middle diencephalic fold

Central tegmental tract

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium: Lateral dorsal, lateral posterior + ventral posterior lateral nuclei

Cerebral peduncle Aqueduct

Anterior diencephalic fold with ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Lateral lemniscus Cerebellar nuclear neurons, migrating

Stria medullaris

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Reticular nucleus + zone incerta

Fourth ventricle

Medial geniculate nucleus

Superior medullary velum

Parietal cortex

Choroid plexus

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuropeithelium)

Inferior medullary velum Cochlear neuroepithelium

Lateral preoptic area

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Globus pallidus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral ventricle

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuropeithelium)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Caudate-putamen

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

Optic tract

Otocyst/utricle + saccule

Septal neuroepithelium

Facial nerve (VII)

Anterior cerebral artery

Geniculate ganglion

Olfactory epithelium

Internal jugular vein Cavernous sinus

Internal carotid artery

Tympanic cavity

Optic stalk Oculomotor nerve (III) Trigeminal (semilunar)ganglion Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Trigeminal motor nucleus Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

1.0 mm

GD 12 SAGITTAL 16

33

+ 12 16 A H 13 P + 14 15 + A 17 15 HP B & 18 C + H 19 16 P C H 20 P + 21 1 6B 22 H P

10 11

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

9

HP denotes image enlargement

GESTATIONAL DAY 12 (GD 12) CORONAL SECTIONS

35

36

Frontopolar cortex, ventricular zone

Frontopolar cortex, marginal zone

Perineural mesenchyme and sinusoids with nucleated red blood cells

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 1

37

38

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Superior sagittal sinus

Frontal cortex, ventricular zone

Parietal cortex, marginal zone

Hematoma, red blood cells (nucleated)

Cingulate cortex, ventricular zone

Lateral ventricle

Insular cortex Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular zone

Piriform cortex Piriform cortex, intermediate zone

Olfactory nerve (I)

Maxillary process

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 2

39

40 Superior sagittal sinus Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Hematoma

Frontal cortex, marginal zone Cingulate cortex, ventricular zone Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Parietal cortex, ventricular zone

Lateral ventricle

Red blood cells (nucleated) Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular zone Insular cortex

Lateral ganglionic eminence, intermediate zone (striatum) Septal area, ventricular zone Piriform cortex Olfactory bulb, olfactory nerve layer

Blood vessel Olfactory nerve ( I ) Maxillary process Olfactory artery Nasal cavity

Olfactory epithelium Nasal septum

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 3

41

42

Pineal gland Pineal recess

Epithalamus, ventricular zone: Paraventricular thalamic + habenular nuclei

Transverse sinus

Anterior thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Frontal cortex, ventricular zone [Damage] Parietal cortex, ventricular zone

Hippocampus, intermediate zone Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Blood cells (nucleated)

Lateral ventricle

Vascular plexus of choroid fissure

Choroid plexus, forming Interventricular foramen

Tela choroidea

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Lamina terminalis

Middle cerebral artery

Hematoma

Lateral ganglionic eminence, intermediate zone (striatum)

Piriform cortex

Accumbens nucleus, ventricular zone

Septal area, ventricular zone

Olfactory tubercle

Medial septal nucleus + nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Olfactory nerve ( I ) Olfactory artery Maxillary process Blood vessel Nasal cavity Olfactory epithelium

Nasal septum

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 4

43

44 Pineal gland Transverse sinus Pineal recess Frontal cortex, marginal zone

Parietal cortex, ventricular zone

Epithalamus, neuroepithelium: Paraventricular thalamic, medial + lateral habenular nuclei

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium: Anterior nucleus [Damage] Hippocampus, ventricular zone Lateral ventricle

Red blood cells (nucleated)

Third ventricle Lamina terminalis

Interventricular foramen

Lateral ganglionic eminence:

Intermediate subpallial sulcus

Ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium) Intermediate zone (striatum)

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Hematoma

Septal area: Ventricular zone

Piriform cortex

Intermediate zone, medial nucleus + nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Accumbens nucleus Olfactory artery Olfactory nerve (I) Nasal cavity Olfactory epithelium Nasal septum Maxillary process Maxillary nerve (V2)

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 5

45

46

Epithalamus, neuroepithelium: Paraventricular thalamic, medial + lateral habenular nuclei Red blood cells (nucleated), hematoma Hippocampus, ventricular zone Parietal cortex, marginal zone

Transverse sinus

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium: Lateral dorsal, mediodorsal + ventral lateral nuclei Anterior nucleus [Damage]

Stria medullaris Lateral ventricle Red blood cells (nucleated) Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Lateral ganglionic eminence: Ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Interventricular foramen

Intermediate zone (striatum) Third ventricle Intermediate subpallial sulcus Red blood cells (nucleated)

Medial ganglionic eminence:

Middle cerebral artery

Ventricular +subventricular zones (pallidal neuroepithelium) Intermediate zone (pallidum)

Optic recess

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Lateral preoptic area,ventricular zone

Medial preoptic area, intermediate zone

Red blood cells (nucleated)

Nasal cavity Olfactory epithelium Maxillary process

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Vomeronasal organ

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 6

47

48 Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Habenular commissure

Lateral dorsal, lateral posterior + parafascicular nuclei

Epithalamus, neuroepithelium: Paraventricular thalamic + lateral habenular nuclei + pretectum Middle diencephalic fold with fasciculus retroflexus

Mediodorsal, ventral lateral, ventral posterior medial + ventral posterior lateral nuclei

Frontal cortex, marginal zone Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Lateral ventricle Parietal cortex, ventricular zone Third ventricle

[Damage]

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Anterior diencephalic fold with external medullary lamina

Reticular nucleus

Stria medullaris

Lateral ganglionic eminence: Ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Medial ganglionic eminence: Ventricular + subventricular zones (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Amygdala

Lateral preoptic area, intermediate zone Middle cerebral vein, hematoma Optic chiasm Anterior cerebral artery

Retinal pigment epithelium

Red blood cells (nucleated)

Optic recess

Medial preoptic area, ventricular zone

Olfactory epithelium

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Maxillary process

Nasal cavity

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 7

49

50 Epithalamus, neuroepithelium: Pretectum

Habenular commissure Third ventricle

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium: Lateral posterior, posterior + parafascicular nuclei Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial nuclei

Middle diencephalic fold with fasciculus retroflexus Lateral ventricle

Occipital cortex, ventricular zone

Anterior diencephalic fold with external medullary lamina + medial lemniscus

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium:

[Damage]

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Reticular nuclei + zona incerta

Stria medullaris Temporal cortex, ventricular zone Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Red blood cells (nucleated)

Amygdala

Anterior hypothalamic area, ventricular zone

Medial forebrain bundle Internal capsule

Anterior hypothalamic area, intermediate zone

Internal carotid artery

Eye: Retinal pigment epithelium

Oculomotor nerve ( III )

Neural retina Nuclei of lens fibers

Intraretinal space

Cavity of lens vesicle Lens epithelium

Hyaloid vascular plexus

Retinal pigment epithelium Maxillary process Maxillary nerve (V2) Oral cavity

Mandibular process

Infundibular recess Tongue

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 8

51

52 Epithalamus, neuroepithelium: Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium:

Pretectum

Posterior diencephalic fold with posterior commissure Third ventricle

Dorsal lateral geniculate + posterior thalamic nuclei Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial nuclei

Optic tract Middle diencephalic fold with fasciculus retroflexus

Ventral thalamus, neuroepithelium: Ventral lateral geniculate + reticular thalamic nuclei + zona incerta

Anterior diencephalic fold with external medullary lamina + medial lemniscus

Occipital cortex, ventricular zone Medial geniculate nucleus Medial diencephalic sulcus Entorhinal cortex Lateral ventricle, posterior horn Internal capsule Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Hematoma Internal carotid artery Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Transverse sinus Retinal pigment epithelium Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Neural retina Cavernous sinus Abducens nerve (VI) Maxillary process Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Palatal shelf Maxillary nerve (V2) Mandibular process Median eminence

Oral cavity Mandibular nerve (V3)

Tongue

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 9

53

54 Superior colliculus Posterior thalamic nucleus

Third ventricle

Tectal neuropeithelium Brachium of superior colliculus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Optic tract

Fasciculus retroflexus Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Medial lemniscus Zona incerta Medial diencephalic sulcus Medial geniculate nucleus Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Cerebral peduncle + medial forebrain bundle

Subthalamic nucleus

Superior mammillary nucleus

Posterior communicating artery Posterior hypothalamic area, ventricular zone

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Mammillary area, ventricular zone

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Cavernous sinus Premammillary nucleus Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Palatal shelf Mandibular nerve (V3) F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

Mandibular process

Tongue

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 10

55

56 Tectum, ventricular zone Brachium of superior colliculus

Superior colliculus Aqueduct Tegmentum, ventricular zone

Red nucleus Dopaminergic nuclear complex, A9-10 (substantia nigra, compact part + ventral tegmental area)

Mammillotegmental tract

Fasciculus retroflexus

Cerebral peduncle

Interpeduncular nucleus

Interpeduncular fossa

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Posterior cerebral artery

Mammillary recess

Basilar artery

Mammillary neuroepithelium Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus Trigeminal motor nucleus Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion Cavernous sinus Pontine reticular nucleus Basilar artery Internal carotid artery Eustachian tube Pharynx

Palatal shelf

Tongue

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 11

57

58 Tectum, ventricular zone

Superior colliculus Aqueduct Tegmentum, ventricular zone

Midbrain Substantia nigra (A9) Oculomotor nucleus Ventral tegmental area (A10) Cerebral peduncle

Mesencephalic flexure

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Posterior cerebral artery Superior cerebellar artery

Basilar artery

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Pons

Ventricular zone, pons

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Trigeminal (semilunar)ganglion

Cavernous sinus Medial lemniscus

Pontine reticular nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Superior olive

Pyramidal tract

Basilar artery Eustachian tube Palatal shelf Internal carotid artery Pharynx

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 12

59

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Ikbg\biZe!l^glhkr"mkb`^fbgZegn\e^nl

O^lmb[neZkg^nkh^ibma^ebnf

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O^gmkb\neZkshg^%ihgl

Mkb`^fbgZeg^ko^(V"%l^glhkrkhhm

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LibgZemkb`^fbgZegn\e^nl

?Z\bZeg^ko^!VII"

Mkb`^fbgZe!l^fbengZk"`Zg`ebhg

:[]n\^glgn\e^nl%fb`kZmbg`

@^gb\neZm^`Zg`ebhg O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

F^]bZeehg`bmn]bgZe_Zl\b\nenl

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1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 13

61

62

Superior colliculus

Tectum, ventricular zone

Aqueduct Tegmentum, ventricular zone Periaqueductal gray

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Trochlear nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Lateral lemniscus Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7) Isthmus

Noradrenergic nuclear complex (A4-7)

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Fourth ventricle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Superior vestibular nucleus

Lateral vestibular nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus Ventricular zone, pons Spinal trigeminal tract (V) O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg Cavernous sinus

Vestibular nerve (VIII) Abducens nucleus, migrating

Geniculate ganglion

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion Facial nerve (VII ) Cochlear nerve (VIII) Facial nerve (VII ), genu

Otocyst/cochlear duct

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Superior olive

Pyramidal tract

Internal carotid artery Basilar artery

Pharynx

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 14

63

64

Aqueduct Ventricular zone with mitotic cells

Ventricular zone with mitotic cells

Ventricular zone with mitotic cells

Fourth ventricle

Tegmental neuroepithelium

Trochlear nucleus

Oculomotor nucleus

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

Facial nerve (VII)

Abducens nucleus

Aqueduct

Facial nerve (VII), genu

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Pyramidal tract Cerebral peduncle

A. Oculomotor nucleus

Basilar artery with nucleated red blood cells

B. Trochlear nucleus

C. Abducens nucleus

0.5 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 15

65

66 Fourth ventricle Trigeminal motor nucleus

Aqueduct Ventricular zone with mitotic cells

Blood vessel

Ventricular zone with mitotic cells

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Facial nucleus, migrating

Trochlear nerve (IV) Ventricular zone with mitotic cells

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Blood vessel with nucleated red blood cells Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion Fourth ventricle

A. Motor + principal (sensory) trigeminal nuclei

B. Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

C. Facial nucleus

0.5 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 16

67

Superior coliculus

68

Tectum, ventricular zone

Aqueduct Tegmentum, ventricular zone Dorsal raphe nucleus (B7) Lateral lemniscus Trochlear nerve ( IV )

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Isthmus Noradrenergic nuclear complex (A4-7) Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus Parabrachial nucleus

Superior vestibular nucleus

Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Fourth ventricle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Facial nucleus, migrating

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Vestibular nerve (VIII)

Facial nucleus

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Cavernous sinus

Cochlear nerve (VIII) Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Facial nerve (VII) Otocyst/cochlear duct

Pyramidal tract, medial lemniscus

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Internal carotid artery Basilar artery

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 17

69

70 Superior colliculus

Aqueduct

Isthmal canal

Inferior colliculus

Lateral lemniscus

Isthmus

Cerebellar neuroepithelium (vermis)

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Cerebellar neuroepithelium (lateral hemisphere)

Red blood cells (nucleated)

Fourth ventricle

Inferior medullary velum

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Vestibular neuroepithelium

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Otocyst/anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Medial vestibular nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (V III )

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Otocyst/posterior semicircular canal

Cavernous sinus

Otocyst/utricle + saccule

Facial nucleus, migrating Raphe magnus nucleus, (B3) Facial nucleus Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus Basilar artery

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 18

71

72 Superior colliculus Aqueduct Tectal neuroepithelium Isthmal canal Inferior colliculus, ventricular zone

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Lateral lemniscus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Cerebellar neuroepithelium (vermis)

Cerebellar neuroepithelium (lateral hemisphere)

Red blood cells (nucleated)

Fourth ventricle Inferior medullary velum Cochlear neuroepithelium Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Ventral cochlear nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Otocyst/utricle + saccule

Vestibular neuroepithelium

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Facial nucleus Cavernous sinus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Inferior olive Serotonergic nuclear complex (B1-3)

Basilar artery

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 19

73

74 Superior colliculus Tectal neuroepithelium Aqueduct

Inferior colliculus

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Cerebellum, intermediate zone (vermis)

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Cerebellum, ventricular zone Hematoma Fourth ventricle Inferior medullary velum Ventral cochlear nucleus Anterior (superior) semicircular canal Vestibular nuclei, ventricular zone Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Otocyst/utricle Lateral vestibular nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus Vagus nerve (X) Otocyst/posterior semicircular canal Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Medial vestibular nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus Reticular formation, medulla

Serotonergic nuclear complex (B1-3)

Inferior olive Basilar artery

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 20

75

76 Inferior colliculus, ventricular zone

Aqueduct

Superior cerebellar peduncle Cerebellar neuroepithelium (vermis) Inferior cerebellar peduncle Fourth ventricle Cerebellum, ventricular zone (lateral hemisphere) Vestibular nuclei, ventricular zone Inferior medullary velum Inferior vestibular nucleus

Otocyst/endolymphatic duct

Medial vestibular nucleus

Solitary tract nucleus

Solitary tract Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Hypoglossal nucleus

Ambiguus nucleus, migrating

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Vagus nerve (X)

Reticular formation, medulla

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Inferior olive

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Vertebral arteries

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Medial longitudinal fasciculus Serotonergic nuclear complex (B1-3)

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

1.0 mm

GD12 CORONAL 21

77

78

Inferior medullary velum Choroid plexus

Fourth ventricle

Solitary tract

Solitary tract nucleus Ventricular zone, medulla Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Dorsal root ganglion

Central canal

Hypoglossal nucleus

Spinal cord

1.0 mm

GD 12 CORONAL 22

79

HP denotes image enlargement Note: Sectioning lines represent the left side of head

1 + 2 HP 3 4

5

6

7

8 + 9A HP 10 11 12 13

14 15 + 9B HP 16 17 18

GESTATIONAL DAY 12 (GD 12) HORIZONTAL SECTIONS

81

82

Hematoma with nucleated red blood cells

Stria medullaris Third ventricle

Pineal gland

Posterior diencephalic fold with posterior commissure

Pineal recess Aqueduct Cortical neuroepithelium

Tectal neuroepithelium Frontal cortex

Superior colliculus Roof of lateral ventricle

Brachium of superior colliculus Retrosplenial cortex Pretectal neuroepithelium

Occipital cortex Habenular neuroepithelium

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 1

83

84

Sinusoids with nucleated red blood cells

Blood vessel with nucleated red blood cells

Mitotic cells

Frontal cortex Marginal zone

Ventricular zone Lateral ventricle

A. Cortical neuroepithelium Cingulate cortex Sinusoids with nucleated red blood cells Aqueduct

Perineural mesenchyme Thalamic neuroepithelium

Stria medullaris

Habenular recess

Lamina terminalis

Habenular neuroepithelium

Mitotic cells

B. Epithalamic and thalamic neuroepithelium

Third ventricle

Mitotic cells

C. Tectal neuroepithelium

B

C

A

0.1 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 2

85

86

Fasciculus retroflexus

Lateral posterior + posterior thalamic + anterior pretectal nuclei, ventricular zone Third ventricle

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Pretectum

Blood vessel Cortical neuroepithelium

Brachium of superior colliculus

Habenular neuroepithelium Superior colliculus Lamina terminalis

Superior sagittal sinus Aqueduct

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Cingulate cortex Tectal neuroepithelium

Frontal cortex

Hippocampal neuroepithelium Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Lateral ventricle Occipital cortex

Parietal cortex Retrosplenial cortex

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 3

87

88

Dorsal thalamus, neuroepithelium: Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial nuclei Posterior + parafascicular nuclei Ventral lateral, mediodorsal + central lateral nuclei

Occipital cortex Fasciculus retroflexus

Anterior + paraventricular nuclei

Brachium of superior colliculus

Parietal cortex Lateral ventricle

Reticular formation, midbrain

Lamina terminalis Superior colliculus

Cingulate cortex Superior sagittal sinus

Aqueduct

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Red nucleus

Fimbria Tectal neuroepithelium

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Frontal cortex

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Stria medullaris

Cerebral peduncle

Striatal neuroepithelium: Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones Lateral ganglionic eminence, intermediate zone

Medial lemniscus Posterior cerebral artery Third ventricle Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

External medullary lamina Fimbria

Optic tract Hippocampal neuroepithelium

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 4

89

90 Occipital cortex Optic tract Reticular thalamic nucleus

Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial thalamic nuclei Zona incerta

Parietal cortex

Internal carotid artery

Ventral lateral + ventral medial thalamic nuclei, ventricular zone

Cerebral peduncle

Third ventricle

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Anterior thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Superior colliculus

Lamina terminalis Interpeduncular nucleus Lateral ventricle Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus Frontal cortex Aqueduct

Cingulate cortex Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Tectal neuroepithelium

Stria medullaris

Oculomotor nucleus

Hippocampal neuroepithelium Medial longitudinal fasciculus Piriform cortex Oculomotor nerve (III) Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium) Substantia nigra (A9) Striatum Medial geniculate nucleus

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Reuniens, central medial + posterior thalamic nuclei, ventricular zone

Globus pallidus Amygdala

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 5

91

92 Lateral ventricle, posterior horn Zona incerta

Reuniens + central medial thalamic nuclei, ventricular zone

Third ventricle

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Internal capsule + optic tract Internal carotid artery

Anterior + paraventricular thalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Cerebral peduncle

Lateral ganglionic eminence

Tegmental neuroepithelium

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Interventricular foramen Oculomotor nucleus

Frontal cortex

Tectal neuroepithelium Lamina terminalis Aqueduct Longitudinal cerebral fissure Posterior hypothalamic neuroepithelium

Infralimbic cortex

Basilar artery Intermediate subpallial sulcus Superior colliculus Orbital cortex Mammillotegmental tract Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Subthalamic nucleus Trochlear nerve (IV)

Globus pallidus

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventricular zone

Stria medullaris Piriform cortex

Reticular thalamic nucleus Amygdala

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 6

93

94 Lateral ventricle, posterior horn Medial geniculate nucleus

Piriform cortex

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Globus pallidus

Subthalamic nucleus Internal carotid artery

Stria medullaris

Cerebral peduncle

Striatum

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Mammillary neuroepithelium Superior colliculus

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Tegmental neuroepithelium Tectal neuroepithelium

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Trochlear nucleus

Septal neuroepithelium

Aqueduct Interventricular foramen

Isthmus

Olfactory bulb

Inferior colliculus Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Olfactory ventricle

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Preoptic area

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Amygdala

Basilar artery Mammillary recess

Anterior cerebral artery

Principal mammillary tract Neural retina, ventricular zone

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Retinal pigment epithelium

Posterior hypothalamic area Optic tract

Third ventricle Anterior hypothalamic area

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 7

95

96 Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Medial geniculate nucleus

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Posterior hypothalamic area

Third ventricle

Internal carotid artery

Globus pallidus

Principal mammillary tract

Striatum

Mammillary recess

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Piriform cortex

Inferior colliculus Tegmental neuroepithelium

Septal neuroepithelium

Fourth ventricle Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Tectal neuroepithelium

Interventricular foramen

Isthmus Aqueduct

Medial septal nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, migrating

Olfactory nerve (I) Olfactory bulb

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V)

Olfactory neuroepithelium Reticulotegmental nucleus Ventral pallidum Mammillary body

Medial forebrain bundle

Basilar artery Anterior cerebral artery Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Eye:

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Retinal pigment epithelium Neural retina

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Lens epithelium Cavity of lens vesicle Nuclei of lens fibers Optic fiber layer

Internal capsule + optic tract Anterior hypothalamic area Lateral hypothalamic area Oculomotor nerve (III)

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 8

97

98 Intraretinal (subretinal, ventricular) space

Eyelid

Eyelid Retinal pigment epithelium

Neural retina:

Outer layer of optic cup

Neural retina: Ventricular zone with mitotic cells

Ventricular zone with mitotic cells

Outer layer of optic cup:

Optic fiber layer

Retinal pigment epithelium

Optic fiber layer

Lens:

Hyaloid vascular plexus with nucleated redblood cells

Nuclei of lens fibers Lens bow region

Intraretinal (subretinal, ventricular) space

Primary lens fibers Cavity of lens vesicle Epithelium

Corneal stroma

Future optic disk

Corneal epithelium

Inner layer of optic cup: Neural retina

Optic stalk

Hyaloid vascular plexus with nucleated red blood cells

Optic fiber layer

Hyaloid cavity

A. Left Eye

B. Right Eye

0.1 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 9

99

100 Entorhinal cortex Amygdala Anterior cerebral artery

Third ventricle Dorsomedial hypothalamic nculeus Internal carotid artery

Accumbens nucleus

Mammillary recess Basilar artery

Intermediate subpallial sulcus

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Lateral ventricle, anterior horn Reticulotegmental nucleus Olfactory ventricle Aqueduct Olfactory neuroepithelium Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus Olfactory bulb

Inferior colliculus

Olfactory nerve (I)

Fourth ventricle

Interventricular foramen

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Preoptic neuroepithelium

Pontine reticular nucleus

Medial preoptic area

Parabrachial nucleus

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Olfactory epithelium

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Nasal cavity

Trigeminal motor nucleus Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Optic stalk

External germinal layer

Optic nerve (II)

Fourth ventricle

Neural retina, ventricular zone

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Retinal pigment epithelium

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Choroid fissure

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Ophthalamic nerve (V1) Optic tract + internal capsule Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root Medial tuberal nucleus Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 10

101

102 Lateral hypothalamic area Lateral olfactory tract Accumbens nucleus

Third ventricle Anterior cerebral artery Anterior hypothalamic nucleus Internal carotid artery

Ventral pallidum

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Olfactory neuroepithelium

Mammillary neuroepithelium Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Olfactory bulb Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Olfactory nerve (I)

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus Anterior olfactory nucleus

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) Fourth ventricle

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Olfactory epithelium

Pontine reticular nucleus Vestibular neuropeithelium

Nasal cavity

Cerebellar neuropeithelium

Preoptic neuroepithelium

External germinal layer Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Superior medullary velum

Optic stalk

Cochlear neuroepithelium Trigeminal motor nucleus

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Optic tract + internal capsule

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Infundibular recess Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 11

103

104 Internal carotid artery Optic tract + internal capsule

Medial tuberal nucleus Infundibular recess

Anterior hypothalamic area

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Lateral preoptic area

Pontine reticular nucleus Superior vestibular nucleus

Third ventricle

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Olfactory epithelium

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus Fourth ventricle Nasal cavity

Superior olive Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Optic recess

External germinal layer Germinal trigone

Cavernous sinus

Superior medullary velum Maxillary nerve (V2)

Vestibular neuroepithelium Cochlear neuroepithelium

Pituitary, posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Spinal trigeminal nucleus

KZmad^lihn\a Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 12

105

106 Pituitary: Intermediate lobe Oculomotor nerve (III) Internal carotid artery

KZmad^lihn\a Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Neural retina

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Retinal pigment epithelium

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Optic tract + internal capsule

Parabrachial nucleus Optic recess

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Medial preoptic area

Superior vestibular nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Third ventricle

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Olfactory epithelium

Cerebellar neuroepithelium Lamina terminalis

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Infundibular recess

Fourth ventricle Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Nasal cavity

Superior olive Superior medullary velum

Vomeronasal organ

Vestibular neuroepithelium Median eminence

Cochlear neuroepithelium Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Otocyst/anterior (superior) semicircular canal Maxillary nerve (V2) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Otocyst/utricle

Cavernous sinus

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Mandibular nerve (V3) Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 13

107

108 Neural retina

Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Corneal epithelium

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Nuclei of lens fibers

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Lens

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Hyaloid vascular plexus

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Retinal pigment epithelium

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root Optic stalk

Trigeminal motor nucleus Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Optic recess

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus Olfactory epithelium

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Fourth ventricle

Nasal cavity

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) Abducens nucleus

Vomeronasal organ

Superior medullary velum Facial nerve (VII)

Nostril (external naris)

Medial vestibular nucleus

Oral cavity

Lateral vestibular nucleus Cochlear neuroepithelium

Maxillary process

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Pituitary:

Otocyst/endolymphatic duct

KZmad^lihn\a Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Intermediate lobe

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Oral cavity

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Internal carotid artery

Otocyst/utricle + cochlear duct

Mandibular process

Cochlear nerve (VIII)

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Intermediate nerve

Cavernous sinus Geniculate ganglion

Facial nerve (VII)

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 14

109

110 Hyaloid vascular plexus

Neural retina

Nuclei of lens fibers

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Lens epithelium

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Cavity of lens vesicle

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Lens

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Retinal pigment epithelium

Germinal trigone

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

External germinal layer Cerebellar neuroepithelium

Nasal cavity

Pontine reticular nucleus

Vomeronasal organ

Facial nerve (VII)

Olfactory epithelium

Choroid plexus Abducens nucleus

Pituitary:

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Superior medullary velum

KZmad^lihn\a

Pyramidal tract Fourth ventricle

Intermediate lobe

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Nostril (external naris)

Medial vestibular nucleus Vestibular neuroepithelium Cochlear neuroepithelium

Tongue

Lateral vestibular nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Oral cavity

Otocyst/endolymphatic duct Maxillary process

Otocyst/utricle + saccule Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Mandibular process

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Mandibular nerve (V3) Internal carotid artery

Facial nerve (VII) Geniculate ganglion

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 15

111

112

Cavernous sinus

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Retinal pigment epithelium

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Choroid fissure

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Neural retina, ventricular zone

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Lateral vestibular nucleus

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Facial nerve (VII)

Maxillary process

Facial nerve (VII), genu Choroid plexus

Nasal cavity

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Olfactory epithelium

Abducens nucleus, migrating Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Oral cavity

Inferior medullary velum Tongue

Fourth ventricle Cochlear neuroepithelium

Oropharynx

Abducens nucleus Facial nucleus, migrating

Basilar artery

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Medial lemniscus + pyramidal tract

Otocyst/utricle + saccule Internal carotid artery

Vestibular nerve (VIII) Otocyst/posterior semicircular canal

Mandibular nerve (V3)

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg Facial nerve (VII)

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion Eustachian tube

Cochlear duct

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 16

113

114 Geniculate ganglion Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Vestibular nerve (VIII) Otocyst/utricle + saccule

Facial nerve (VII)

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Cochlear nerve (VIII)

Eustachian tube

Otocyst/anterior (superior) semicircular canal Otocyst/endolymphatic duct

Otocyst/cochlear duct

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Maxillary process Spinal trigeminal nucleus Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Oropharynx

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Pyramidal tract

Medial vestibular nucleus Medial lemniscus

Sulcus limitans Inferior medullary velum

Mandibular process Fourth ventricle Mandibular nerve (V3)

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus Vestibular neuroepithelium

Basilar artery

Solitary tract (IX, X) Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2) Solitary tract nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus Ambiguus nucleus, migrating Inferior olive Vagus nerve (X) Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion

Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 17

115

116

Facial nerve (VII)

Vestibular nerve (VIII) Otocyst/posterior semicircular canal

Cochlear nerve (VIII)

Otocyst/utricle + saccule

Eustachian tube

Otocyst/anterior (superior) semicircular canal Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Lateral reticular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Inferior vestibular nucleus

Otocyst/cochlear duct

Hypoglossal nucleus Sulcus limitans Maxillary process

Fourth ventricle Inferior medullary velum Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Oropharynx

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus Mandibular process

Solitary tract Solitary tract nucleus

Basilar artery

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Pyramidal tract

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion Vagus nerve (X)

Medial lemniscus Inferior olive

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 12 HORIZONTAL 18

117

20 19 18 17 15 + 16HP 14 13 12 11 10 9 HP 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

HP denotes image enlargement

1

GESTATIONAL DAY 14 (GD 14) SAGITTAL SECTIONS

119

120

Marginal zone

Somatosensory cortex

Cortical plate

Ventricular + subventricular zones of lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Insular cortex Intermediate zone Piriform cortex Claustrum Lateral olfactory tract Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Maxilla

Pinna

Whisker (vibrissa) follicles

Eye: Hyaloid cavity with hyaloid vascular plexus Lens Neural retina Retinal pigment epithelium Sclera intraretinal space

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 1

121

122

Cortical neuroepithelium: Ventricular zone of lateral ventricle Subventricular zone Intermediate zone Cortical plate Marginal zone

Somatosensory cortex Caudate-putamen

External capsule

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Piriform cortex

Internal capsule

Lateral olfactory tract

Superior rectus muscle

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Entorhinal cortex

Superior oblique muscle

Optic fiber layer

Maxilla Neural retina, intermediate zone (ganglion cell layer) Whisker (vibrissa) follicles Neural retina, ventricular zone Medial rectus muscle Pinna

Inferior rectus muscle Retinal pigment epithelium Hyaloid cavity with hyaloid vascular plexus

Lateral rectus muscle Inferior oblique muscle

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 2

123

124

Cortical neuroepithelium: Ventricular zone Subventricular zone Intermediate zone

Caudate-putamen

Cortical plate

Internal capsule

Marginal zone

Lateral ventricle

External capsule Anterior commissure, posterior part

Stria terminalis

Accumbens nucleus Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract Superior oblique muscle

Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus

Medial rectus muscle Neural retina, ventricular zone

Superior rectus muscle Maxillary nerve (V2) Maxilla

Optic fiber layer

Inferior oblique muscle Pinna

Whisker (vibrissa) follicles Inferior rectus muscle

Lateral rectus muscle Retinal pigment epithelium

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 3

125

126

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium) Internal capsule

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Choroid plexus

Cortical neuroepithelium

Globus pallidus

Caudate-putamen

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Entorhinal cortex

Olfactory neuroepithelium Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Stria terminalis

Accessory olfactory bulb

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Olfactory bulb

Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Ventricular zone Intermediate zone

Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus

Accumbens nucleus Amygdaloid neuroepithelium Anterior commissure, anterior part

Lateral olfactory tract

Olfactory epithelium Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Orbital cavity

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Maxilla

Superior rectus muscle

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Abducens nerve (VI) Superior oblique muscle Medial rectus muscle

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Inferior rectus muscle

Lateral rectus muscle Optic nerve (II)

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 4

127

128 Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium) Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Motor cortex Choroid plexus

Cortical neuroepithelium

Lateral ventricle

Orbital cortex

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Septal neuroepithelium

Fimbria

Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Subfornical organ Ventricular zone, subiculum

Accessory olfactory bulb Olfactory neuroepithelium

Subventricular zone, subiculum

Olfactory ventricle

Stria terminalis

Olfactory bulb

Internal capsule

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Subiculum

Accumbens nucleus

Medial amygdaloid nucleus

Olfactory nerve (I)

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Olfactory epithelium Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Posterior semicircular canal

Ventral pallidum Maxilla

Utricle

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Saccule

Optic nerve (II)

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Facial nerve (VII)

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Abducens nerve (VI) Globus pallidus

Substantia innominata Lateral olfactory tract

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 5

129

130 Ventricular + subventricular zones (cortical neuroepithelium) Lateral ventricle

Choroid plexus

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Cortical plate Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Hippocampal formation: Ventricular + subventricular zones

Septal neuroepithelium

Intermediate zone

Accessory olfactory bulb

Fimbria

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Dentate gyrus

Olfactory bulb

Subiculum Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Olfactory ventricle

Medial geniculate nucleus

Ventricular zone (olfactory neuroepithelium)

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Optic tract Stria terminalis

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Hippocampus, ventral part

Olfactory nerve (I)

Internal capsule

Accumbens nucleus

Entopeduncular nucleus Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Olfactory epithelium

Cerebellum

Olfactory tubercle

Fourth ventricle

Ventral pallidum

Posterior semicircular canal

Maxilla

Medial amygdaloid nucleus Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Utricle

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal Optic nerve (II)

Facial nerve (VII)

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Abducens nerve (VI)

Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Substantia innominata

Lateral olfactory tract Mandibular nerve (V3)

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 6

131

132

Medial habenular nucleus Anterior thalamic nucleus

Lateral habenular nucleus Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Stria medullaris

Fasciculus retroflexus

Hippocampus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Fimbria

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Cingulate cortex, right

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Cingulate cortex, left

Brachium of superior colliculus

Lateral ventricle

External medullary lamina

Internal capsule

Posterior thalamic nucleus Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Substantia nigra (A9)

Lateral septal nucleus

Superior colliculus

Olfactory bulb

Zona incerta Subthalamic nucleus

Olfactory nerve layer

Lateral lemniscus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) External germinal layer

Olfactory nerve (I)

Cerebellum, lateral hemisphere

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Germinal trigone Fourth ventricle + choroid plexus

Lateral preoptic area

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Olfactory epithelium

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Maxilla

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

Optic nerve (II) Tongue

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Cochlear duct

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Cerebral peduncle

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Geniculate ganglion

Lenticular fasciculus

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Tympanic cavity

F^\d^el\ZkmeZ`^ Optic tract

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 7

133

134 Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus Lenticular fasciculus + thalamic fasciculus

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus Ventricular zone, epithalamus

Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus Internal capsule

Fasciculus retroflexus Pretectum

Cingulate cortex, right

Brachium of superior colliculus Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Stria medullaris Infralimbic cortex, left

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Cortical plate

External medullary lamina

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium) Septal neuroepithelium

Substantia nigra (A9) Superior colliculus Zona incerta

Lateral septal nucleus Olfactory nerve layer, right olfactory bulb

Inferior colliculus Lateral mammillary nucleus

Olfactory nerve layer, left olfactory bulb

Lateral lemniscus Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus External germinal layer

Olfactory nerve (I) Vomeronasal nerve Olfactory tubercle

Germinal trigone

Olfactory epithelium

Cerebellum, lateral hemisphere Fourth ventricle

Stria terminalis Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Ventral cochlear nucleus

Vomeronasal organ

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Medial preoptic area

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Optic nerve (II)

Saccule

Tongue Maxillary nerve (V2)

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Cochlear duct

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Tympanic cavity

F^\d^el\ZkmeZ`^

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Trochlear nerve (IV) Optic tract

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 8

135

136

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Cerebellum

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Fourth ventricle Precerebellar migration

Dorsal cochlear nucleus Choroid plexus

Geniculate ganglion

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Facial nerve (VII)

Cochlear neuroepithelium Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Vestibular (Scarpal" ganglion

Endolymphatic duct

Cochlear duct

Utricle

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal Saccule

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Ganglia and Inner Ear

0.5 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 9

137

Thalamic fasciculus Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

138

Pineal gland Habenular commissure

Internal capsule

Pineal recess

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

Third ventricle

Subcommissural organ

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Stria medullaris

Posterior commissure

Interventricular foramen

Fasciculus retroflexus Precommissural nucleus

Lateral ventricle

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Intermediate zone

Medial lemniscus

Cortical plate

Zona incerta

Orbital cortex

Substantia nigra (A9) Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Paratenial thalamic nucleus

Superior colliculus

Olfactory bulb, right

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Glomerular layer

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Ventricular zone, olfactory neuroepithelium

Superior vestibular nucleus Inferior colliculus

Olfactory nerve layer

Lateral lemniscus

Medial septal nucleus

Dentate (lateral) nucleus External germinal layer

Stria terminalis

Cerebellum, lateral hemisphere

Olfactory epithelium

Germinal trigone

Vomeronasal nerve

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Vomer

Choroid plexus, fourth ventricle Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Vomeronasal organ

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Optic nerve (II) + optic stalk

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Tongue

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Utricle

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Optic tract

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Lateral hypothalamic area

Precerebellar migration

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion Submandibular gland Tympanic cavity Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Lateral mammillary nucleus Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root Cochlear duct

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 10

139

140

Thalamic neuroepithelium: Mediodorsal, central medial + reuniens thalamic nuclei Mammillothalamic tract

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus Dentatothalamic fasciculus (superior cerebellar peduncle) Third ventricle

Hippocampus

Pineal recess

Lateral ventricle

Posterior commissure

External medullary lamina

Subcommissural organ

Fornix

Fasciculus retroflexus

Subfornical organ

Commissure of superior colliculus

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Subparafascicular nucleus

Vascular organ of lamina terminalis

Supramammillary nucleus Aqueduct

Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Accessory olfactory bulb

Substantia nigra (A9)

Lateral septal nucleus, right

Superior colliculus

Olfactory bulb:

Medial lemniscus + cerebral peduncle Lateral mammillary nucleus Pontine nuclei

Ventricular zone Olfactory ventricle Intermediate zone Olfactory nerve (I)

Periaqueductal gray Inferior colliculus

Lateral septal nucleus, left Vomeronasal nerve

Lateral lemniscus Dentate (lateral) nucleus Superior vestibular nucleus

Olfactory epithelium Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Cerebellum, lateral hemisphere Locus coeruleus (A6)

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band Lateral olfactory tract

Choroid plexus, fourth ventricle Cochlear neuroepithelium

Medial preoptic area Tongue

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Optic stalk

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Anterior hypothalamic area Optic chiasm

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Lateral hypothalamic area

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Submandibular gland

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Tympanic cavity Cochlear duct

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VII ) Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 11

141

142

Hippocampus, intermediate zone Hippocampus, ventricular zone

External medullary lamina

Thalamic neuroepithelium:

Subfornical organ

Mediodorsal, central medial + reuniens thalamic nuclei

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Precommissural nucleus

Choroid plexus

Posterior commissure

Lateral ventricle

Fasciculus retroflexus

Third ventricle

Subcommissural organ

Medial septal nucleus, right

Commissure of superior colliculus Aqueduct

Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Accessory olfactory bulb

Red nucleus

Olfactory ventricle

Superior colliculus

Olfactory bulb

Medial lemniscus Middle cerebellar peduncle

Mitral cell layer

Pontine nuclei

Olfactory nerve layer

Inferior colliculus

Stria terminalis

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Olfactory nerve (I)

Locus coeruleus (A6)

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Olfactory epithelium

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Medial preoptic area

Area postrema

Anterior hypothalamic area Optic recess

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Optic chiasm

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Tongue Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Vagus nerve (X)

Lateral hypothalamic area

Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion

Medial tuberal nucleus

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Medial mammillary nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Tympanic cavity

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Vagus nerve (X)

Cochlear duct Facial nerve (VII)

Inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 12

143

Lateral ventricle Choroid plexus Interventricular foramen Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuropeithelium) Intermediate subpallial sulcus

144

Paratenial thalamic nucleus Stria medullaris

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Lateral habenular nucleus

External medullary lamina

Brachium of superior colliculus Fasciculus retroflexus

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuropeithelium)

Pretectum Precommissural nucleus

Ventricular zone

Posterior commissure

Intermediate zone

Commissure of superior colliculus

Cortical plate

Central medial thalamic nucleus

Septal neuroepithelium

Mammillotegmental tract

Olfactory ventricle

Red nucleus

Olfactory bulb, ventricular zone Olfactory bulb, intermediate zone

Ventral tegmental area (A10) Medial longitudinal fasciculus Aqueduct

Mitral cell layer

Cerebral peduncle

Olfactory nerve layer

Medial mammillary nucleus

Olfactory nerve (I)

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral septal nucleus

Pontine reticular nucleus

Stria terminalis

External germinal layer

Olfactory epithelium

Germinal trigone Fourth ventricle

Third ventricle

Area postrema

Optic recess Tooth bud, upper incisor

Facial nerve (VII)

Oral cavity

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Nasal cavity

Facial nucleus

Tongue

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Optic chiasm

Superior glossopharyngeal/vagal (jugular) ganglion Superior olive

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Optic tract

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Posterior hypothalamic area

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal)/vagal ganglion

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Principal mammillary tract Pontine nuclei Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Cochlear nerve (VIII) Cochlear duct Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 13

145

Stria medullaris

146

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Ventricular + subventricular zones, (paraventricular + reuniens thalamic nuclei)

Choroid plexus Motor cortex

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuropeithelium)

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuropeithelium)

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus Pretectum Fasciculus retroflexus Interstitial nucleus Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Cortical neuroepithelium:

Commissure of superior colliculus

Ventricular + subventricular zones Intermediate zone

Superior colliculus, right

Cortical plate

Superior colliculus, left

Orbital cortex

Oculomotor nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Septal neuroepithelium

Trochlear nucleus

Olfactory bulb, ventricular zone

Principal mammillary tract

Olfactory bulb, intermediate zone

Medial mammillary nucleus Aqueduct

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Cerebellum:

Accumbens nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle External germinal layer

Olfactory nerve (I)

Interposed nucleus Germinal trigone

Stria terminalis Olfactory epithelium

Fourth ventricle Area postrema

Interventricular foramen

Medial vestibular nucleus

Preoptic neuroepithelium

Solitary tract

Optic recess

Solitary tract nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Third ventricle

Facial nerve (VII)

Optic chiasm

Pontine reticular nucleus

Optic tract

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Pituitary, anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Superior olive

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion

Cochlear duct

Inferior cervical ganglion

Superior cervical ganglion

Facial nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 14

147

148

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus Lateral ventricle

Posterior hypothalamic area

Zona incerta

External medullary lamina Anterior thalamic nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Mammillotegmental tract

Pretectum

Fasciculus retroflexus

Cortical neuroepithelium:

Mammillary neuroepithelium Mammillary recess

Intermediate zone Cortical plate

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Marginal zone

Red nucleus, right

Ventricular zone

Oculomotor nucleus Superior colliculus, right

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Interpeduncular nucleus Dorsal raphe nucleus (B6/B7)

External capsule

Cerebral peduncle Lateral olfactory tract

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Aqueduct

Lateral ventricle

Superior colliculus, left

Olfactory nerve (I)

Median raphe nucleus (B5)

Stria medullaris

Fastigial (medial) nucleus Inferior colliculus

Olfactory epithelium

Fourth ventricle + choroid plexus

Ventral pallidum

Area postrema

Medial preoptic area

Inferior vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus

Optic recess

Solitary tract

Optic chiasm

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Anterior hypothalamic area

Solitary tract nucleus

Optic tract

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Ambiguus nucleus

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Facial nerve (VII) Facial nucleus

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Infundibular recess Hypothalamic neuroepithelium

Pituitary: Intermediate lobe

Median eminence Third ventricle

KZmad^lihn\a Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 15

149

150 Superior colliculus

Pons Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Aqueduct

Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Tectal neuroepithelium Inferior cerebellar peduncle Isthmus Cerebellum, vermis

Inferior colliculus

Fourth ventricle

External germinal layer

Ventricular zone, cerebellum

Molecular layer Purkinje cell layer

Choroid plexus

Germinal trigone

Area postrema

Ventricular zone, medulla

Solitary tract nucleus

Solitary tract

Cerebellum

0.5 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 16

151

Lateral ventricle External medullary lamina

Cortical neuroepithelium:

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Ventricular zone

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Medial geniculate nucleus

Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial thalamic nuclei

Cortical plate

152

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Zona incerta

Lenticular fasciculus

Intermediate zone

Ventral anterior + ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

Principal mammillary tract Medial mammillary nucleus

Marginal zone

Red nucleus Ventral tegmental area (A10) Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

Caudate-putamen

Aqueduct

External capsule

Dorsal raphe nucleus (B6/B7) Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Lateral olfactory tract

Superior colliculus Anterior commissure, anterior part

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Superior cerebellar peduncle

Accumbens nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Olfactory nerve (I)

Cerebellum, paravermis Inferior colliculus

Olfactory epithelium

Fourth ventricle Choroid plexus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Area postrema Inferior vestibular nucleus

Medial preoptic area

Solitary tract Optic recess

Solitary tract nucleus Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Optic chiasm

Medial vestibular nucleus Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Ambiguus nucleus

Pituitary:

Optic tract Hypoglossal nerve (X I ) Infundibulum Oropharynx

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) Intermediate lobe KZmad^lihn\a Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Dorsal root ganglion Facial nerve (VII ), genu Inferior cervical ganglion Abducens nucleus Hypothalamic neuroepithelium

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 17

153

Lateral ventricle

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Dentate gyrus

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Cortical neuroepithelium:

154

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Medial geniculate nucleus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Ventral posterior medial + ventral posterior lateral thalamic nuclei

Brachium of superior colliculus

Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Cortical plate Marginal zone

Medial lemniscus Oculomotor nerve (III) Dorsal raphe nucleus (B6/B7)

External capsule

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Stria terminalis

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Caudate-putamen

Superior colliculus

Lateral olfactory tract

Aqueduct Superior cerebellar peduncle

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Cerebellum, vermis

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Inferior colliculus

Accumbens nucleus

Germinal trigone Choroid plexus

Internal capsule

Facial nerve (VII), genu

Substantia innominata

Fourth venticle

Lateral preoptic area

Solitary tract nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Solitary tract

Optic nerve (II)

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Optic tract

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Lateral hypothalamic area

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Pyramidal decussation

Tongue

Inferior olive

Pituitary:

Precerebellar migration

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) KZmad^lihn\a Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2) Medial tuberal nuclei

Glia palisades

Precerebellar migration

Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

Lateral mammillary nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 18

155

Lateral ventricle

156

Hippocampus, ventricular zone Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Cortical neuroepithelium:

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Ventricular zone Intermediate zone

Dentate gyrus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Stria terminalis

Cortical plate

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Marginal zone

Medial geniculate nucleus Brachium of superior colliculus Microcellular tegmental nucleus External capsule

Lateral lemniscus

Internal capsule

Isthmus

Caudate-putamen

Aqueduct

Globus pallidus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral olfactory tract

Superior colliculus

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Medial amygdaloid nucleus

Cerebellum, vermis Inferior colliculus

Accumbens nucleus

Choroid plexus

Ventral pallidum

Fourth ventricle

Anterior amygdaloid area

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Optic tract

Cuneate nucleus

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus

Medial rectus muscle

Cuneate fasciculus

Superior oblique muscle

Solitary tract Hypoglossal nucleus

Optic nerve (II)

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Inferior rectus muscle Lateral rectus muscle

Medial vestibular nucleus

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Inferior olive

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Precerebellar migration

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Spinal cord:

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Dorsal horn

Internal carotid artery

Lateral funiculus

Abducens nerve (VI)

Intermediate gray

Pituitary, anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Ventral funiculus Pontine nuclei

Ventral horn, motor neurons

Superior olive Facial nerve (VII)

Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 19

157

158

Lateral ventricle Ventricular +subventricular zones (cortical neuroepithelium) Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium) Stria terminalis

Hippocampus, ventricular zone Hippocampus, intermediate zone Trigeminal motor nucleus Brachium of superior colliculus

Marginal zone

Microcellular tegmental nucleus

Cortical plate Intermediate zone

Superior colliculus

Internal capsule

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

External capsule

Interposed nucleus

Caudate-putamen

Superior cerebellar peduncle Aqueduct

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral olfactory tract

Inferior colliculus

Medial amygdaloid nucleus

Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Cerebellum, paravermis Choroid plexus

Lateral olfactory tract

Eye:

Fourth ventricle Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Neural retina Retinal pigment epithelium

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Optic nerve (II)

Gracile nucleus Solitary tract nucleus

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus

Gracile fasciculus

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Central canal

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Hypoglossal nucleus

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Inferior olive

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Intermediate gray

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Ventral funiculus

Cochlear duct Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Facial nerve (VII) Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 14 SAGITTAL 20

159

HP denotes image enlargement

1

2

3

4 HP 6

5 7

8

9

10 13

11 + 12 HP

14

16

15 17 18

19 20 22

21

23

25

26

28 31

GESTATIONAL DAY 14 (GD 14) CORONAL SECTIONS

24

29

27

32

30 33

161

162

Superior sagittal sinus Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Motor cortex Ventricular + subventricular zones

Cingulate cortex

Orbital cortex

Intermediate zone Cortical plate Marginal zone

Accessory olfactory bulb External capsule

Olfactory bulb: Olfactory nerve layer Granule cell layer

Insular cortex

Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Mitral cell layer Lateral olfactory tract Nasal capsule

Serous gland

Olfactory epithelium

Nasal cavity Whisker (vibrissa) follicle Septal cartilage

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 1

163

164

Superior sagittal sinus

Lateral ventricle Motor cortex

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Cingulate cortex

Ventricular + subventricular zones Intermediate zone

Orbital cortex

Rhinal fissure Accessory olfactory bulb

Cortical plate External capsule Claustrum Piriform cortex

Olfactory bulb

Lateral olfactory tract

Granule cell layer Mitral cell layer

Olfactory ventricle

Anterior olfactory nucleus Olfactory nerve layer Nasal capsule

Nasal cavity

Serous gland

Nasal septum

Olfactory epithelium

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 2

165

166

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Motor cortex

Lateral ventricle

Ventricular + subventricular zones Subplate

Cingulate cortex

Rhinal fissure

Intermediate zone External capsule Cortical plate

Olfactory bulb: Olfactory neuroepithelium Olfactory ventricle Granule cell layer Mitral cell layer Olfactory nerve layer

Insular cortex Piriform cortex Lateral ventricle Lateral olfactory tract Anterior olfactory nucleus

Nasal capsule

Mitral cell layer of olfactory bulb Olfactory epithelium

Nasal cavity Serous gland

Nasal septum

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 3

167

168

Lateral ventricle

Septal neuroepithelium: Ventricular zone

Lateral septal nucleus

Subventricular zone Intermediate zone Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Olfactory ventricle

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Mitral cell layer External plexiform layer Glomerular layer

Olfactory epithelium

Olfactory nerve layer Olfactory nerve (I)

Nasal cavity

Olfactory Bulb, Olfactory Nerve and Septal Area

0.5 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 4

169

170 Superior sagittal sinus Motor cortex

Cingulate cortex

Longitudinal cerebral fissure Lateral ventricle Subplate

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Caudate-putamen

Somatosensory cortex

External capsule Septal neuroepithelium

Insular cortex

Lateral septal nucleus

Piriform cortex

Lateral olfactory tract

Internal capsule

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Olfactory tubercle

Olfactory epithelium Olfactory nerve (I)

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle Septal cartilage

Nasal cavity

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 5

171

172

Superior sagittal sinus Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Motor cortex

Marginal zone Cortical plate Subplate

Cingulate cortex Lateral ventricle Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Intermediate zone

Cortical neuroepithelium

Ventricular + subventricular zones

Somatosensory cortex

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Fimbria Lateral migratory stream

Lateral ganglionic eminence, intermediate zone (caudate-putamen)

Internal capsule Fornix

Septal neuroepithelium

External capsule

Lateral septal nucleus

Piriform cortex Lateral olfactory tract

Medial septal nucleus

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Olfactory artery Anterior cerebral artery Olfactory nerve (I) Olfactory epithelium Vomeronasal nerve Nasal cavity Nasal septum Whisker (vibrissa) follicle Vomeronasal organ Vomer

Septal cartilage

Enamel organ (upper incisor) Oral cavity

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 6

173

174 Superior sagittal sinus Motor cortex Ventricular + subventricular zones Intermediate zone Cortical plate

Cingulate cortex Lateral ventricle Hippocampus, ventricular zone Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Marginal zone

Fimbria

Somatosensory cortex

Choroid plexus

Lateral ganglionic eminence

Septal neuroepithelium

Intermediate subpallial sulcus

Lateral migratory stream

Medial ganglionic eminence

Fornix

Insular cortex

Lateral septal nucleus

Piriform cortex

Lateral olfactory tract

Striatum (caudate-putamen)

Medial septal nucleus

External capsule

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Olfactory tubercle

Anterior cerebral artery

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Diagonal band of Broca

Olfactory nerve (I)

Olfactory artery

Olfactory epithelium

Nasal septum

Nasal cavity Vomeronasal organ

Septal cartilage

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Oral cavity

Vomer

Enamel organ (upper incisor)

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 7

175

176 Superior sagittal sinus Organum vasculosum Ventricular + subventricular zones Intermediate zone

Longitudinal cerebral fissure Motor cortex Cingulate cortex Lateral ventricle

Subplate

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Cortical plate

Hippocampus, intermediate zone Marginal zone

Somatosensory cortex

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Choroid plexus Interventricular foramen

Lateral migratory stream

Third ventricle

Lamina terminalis

Insular cortex

Lateral olfactory tract

Piriform cortex

Medial ganglionic eminence, intermediate zone (ventral pallidum)

External capsule Medial septal nucleus

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Upper eyelid

Olfactory tubercle

Eye, outer layer (forming sclera)

Presphenoid wing

Accumbens nucleus

Olfactory nerve (I)

Anterior cerebral artery

Olfactory epithelium

Nasal septum

Vomeronasal nerve

Septal cartilage

Vomeronasal organ

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Vomer

Nasal cavity Oral cavity

Maxillary nerve (V2) Maxillary process

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 8

177

Organum vasculosum

178

Superior sagittal sinus Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Motor cortex

Cingulate cortex

Third ventricle

Lateral ventricle

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Epithalamic neuroepithelium

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Intermediate zone (anterior + paratenial thalamic nuclei)

Fimbria

Choroid plexus

Stria medullaris

Somatosensory cortex

Nucleus of stria medullaris Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Lateral migratory stream Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones

Insular cortex Piriform cortex

Interventricular foramen

Lateral olfactory tract

External capsule

Olfactory tubercle

Medial ganglionic eminence, intermediate zone

Upper eyelid

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Superior oblique muscle Medial septal nucleus

Neural retina

Accumbens nucleus

Cornea

Presphenoid wing

Medial rectus muscle Sclera

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Retinal pigment epithelium

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Lower eyelid

Olfactory epithelium

Superior rectus muscle Vomeronasal nerve

Anterior cerebral artery

Vomeronasal organ

Septal cartilage

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Nasal cavity Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Maxillary process Oral cavity

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 9

179

Pineal gland

180

Superior sagittal sinus Pineal recess

Motor cortex

Habenular commissure

Medial habenular nucleus, ventricular zone

Ventricular zone (paraventricular thalamic nucleus)

Lateral habenular nucleus

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Somatosensory cortex

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Ventricular + subventricular zones (central medial + reuniens thalamic nuclei)

Stria medullaris

Anterior + ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Lateral migratory stream

Stria medullaris

Interventricular foramen

Internal capsule

External medullary lamina

Nucleus of stria medullaris

External capsule

Stria terminalis

Globus pallidus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Piriform cortex

Ventral pallidum

Lateral olfactory tract Upper eyelid

Superior rectus muscle

Lateral preoptic area

Ganglion cell layer

Medial preoptic area

Lens

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Cornea

Medial rectus muscle Vitreous space

Neural retina

Retinal pigment epithelium

Sclera

Lower eyelid Inferior rectus muscle Third ventricle

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Nasal septum Palatal shelves

Nasopharynx Fusion of palatal shelves

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Tongue Oropharynx

Intrinsic muscle Median fibrous septum

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 10

181

Habenular commissure Ventricular zone (medial habenular nucleus) Stria medullaris Lateral habenular nucleus

Aqueduct

Retrosplenial cortex Ventricular + subventricular zones (mediodorsal, central medial + reuniens thalamic nuclei) Hippocampus, ventricular zone Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Fasciculus retroflexus

Somatosensory cortex

Lateral ventricle

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus Choroid plexus

Lateral migratory stream

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Mammillothalamic tract

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Stria terminalis

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

External medullary lamina

Stria medullaris

Internal capsule

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Globus pallidus

Piriform cortex Third ventricle

Medial preoptic nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Lateral preoptic area

Medial forebrain bundle

Fornix

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Anterior chamber of eye

Superior rectus muscle

Cornea

Optic nerve (II)

Lens epithelium

Sclera

Nuclei of lens fibers Retinal pigment epithelium

Vitreous space

Lower eyelid

Neural retina

Medial rectus muscle

Inferior rectus muscle

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Olfactory epithelium

Palatal shelf Nasal septum Fusion of palatal shelves Nasopharynx Maxillary process

Oropharynx Tongue Mandibular process

182

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 11

183

184 Lateral olfactory tract

Lateral preoptic area

Lateral preoptic area

Retinal pigment epithelium

Upper eyelid

Upper eyelid

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Superior rectus muscle

Neural retina

Outer nuclear layer, ventricular zone

Vitreous space

Ganglion cell layer

Lens bow region

Cornea

Superior rectus muscle Optic nerve fiber layer

Optic stalk

Hyaloid artery Optic nerve (II)

Optic nerve (II)

Nuclei of lens fibers

Medial rectus muscle

Anterior chamber of eye

Lens epithelium

Medial rectus muscle Sclera

Neural retina

Ganglion cell layer Sclera Lower eyelid

Lens

Optic fiber layer

Optic disk

Vitreous space

Hyaloid vascular plexus

Inferior rectus muscle

A. Left Eye

Retinal pigment epithelium

Inferior rectus muscle

B. Right Eye

Lower eyelid

0.5 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 12

185

Posterior commissure Olivary pretectal nucleus Optic tract

186

Subcommissural organ Retrosplenial cortex Nucleus of optic tract Aqueduct

Precommissural nucleus

Somatosensory cortex

Fasciculus retroflexus

Middle diencephalic fold

Stria medullaris

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Lateral migratory stream

Ventral posterior lateral + ventral medial thalamic nuclei

Ventricular + subventricular zones, (reuniens + central medial thalamic nuclei)

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Reticular thalamic nucleus

External medullary lamina

Stria terminalis

Entopeduncular nucleus

Internal capsule

Medial forebrain bundle

Amygdala

Medial preoptic nucleus

Lateral preoptic area Upper eyelid

Sclera

Presphenoid wing

Cornea

Third ventricle

Neural retina, ventricular zone

Lower eyelid Retinal pigment epithelium Optic nerve (II) Oculomotor nerve (III)

Vascular organ of lamina terminalis

Nasopharynx

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Palatal shelf

Enamel organ (upper molar)

Oral cavity

Fusion of palatal shelves

Mandibular process, lower jaw

Tongue Enamel organ (lower incisor)

F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 13

187

Posterior commissure Medial pretectal nucleus Precommissural nucleus Anterior pretectal nucleus

188

Subcommissural organ Optic tract Olivary pretectal nucleus Aqueduct Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Zona incerta

Central medial thalamic nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle (dentatothalamic fasciculus)

Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial thalamic nuclei

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Piriform cortex

Medial lemniscus

Internal capsule

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Medial amygdaloid nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Internal carotid artery

Medial forebrain bundle

Lateral preoptic area

Presphenoid wing

Intraretinal space

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

Optic nerve (II)

Sclera

Abducens nerve (VI)

Third ventricle

Oculomotor nerve (III) Maxillary nerve (V2) Basosphenoid bone Optic chiasm

Nasopharynx

Palatal shelf

Enamel organ (upper molar)

Fusion of palatal shelves

Oral cavity Tongue

Enamel organ (lower incisor)

F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 14

189

Subcommissural organ Anterior pretectal nucleus

Medial pretectal nucleus

190

Optic tract Posterior commissure Olivary pretectal nucleus

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Dorsal diencephalic sulcus

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Central medial thalamic nucleus

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial thalamic nuclei

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Mammillothalamic tract

Medial lemniscus

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

External capsule

Zona incerta

Stria terminalis

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Medial diencephalic sulcus

Piriform cortex

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Internal capsule

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Third ventricle

Presphenoid wing

Internal carotid artery

Ventral diencephalic sulcus

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle

Optic tract Mammillothalamic tract + fornix

Optic stalk

Optic nerve (II)

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Abducens nerve (VI) Maxillary nerve (V2) Oculomotor nerve (III) Optic chiasm

Supraoptic nucleus Basosphenoid bone

Enamel organ (upper molar)

Palatal shelf Nasopharynx

Enamel organ (lower molar)

Oral cavity

Fusion of palatal shelves Tongue

F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 15

191

192

Posterior pretectal nucleus Posterior commissure Anterior pretectal nucleus Posterior thalamic nucleus Fasciculus retroflexus Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Subcommissural organ Brachium of superior colliculus Parafascicular thalamic nucleus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Medial geniculate nucleus Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Zona incerta Lateral ventricle Lateral amygdaloid nucleus Mammillothalamic tract

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Internal capsule

Piriform cortex

Lateral hypothalamic area

Third ventricle Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Internal carotid artery

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle

Optic tract

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Optic stalk

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Optic chiasm Nasopharynx Basosphenoid bone Palatal shelf Enamel organ (upper molar) Fusion of palatal shelves Oral cavity Hair follicle

Enamel organ (lower molar)

Tongue F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 16

193

194

Commissure of superior colliculus Aqueduct Anterior pretectal nucleus

Subcommissural organ Superior colliculus Brachium of superior colliculus

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Ventricular zone, tegmentum Fasciculus retroflexus Medial geniculate nucleus Cerebral peduncle

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Mammillothalamic + mammillotegmental tracts

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Lateral ventricle

Zona incerta

Subthalamic nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Fornix

Entorhinal cortex

Third ventricle

Posterior hypothalamic area

Ventricular zone, hypothalamus

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle

Internal carotid artery Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Median eminence

Optic tract

Lingual nerve (V3)

Basosphenoid bone Inferior alveolar nerve (V3) Palatal shelf Nasopharynx F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^ Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Tongue

Oropharynx

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 17

195

196 Subcommissural organ Tectum, ventricular zone Aqueduct Anterior pretectal nucleus

Commissure of superior colliculus Superior colliculus Brachium of superior colliculus Tegmentum, ventricular zone

Reticular formation, midbrain

Rostral linear raphe nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Substantia nigra (A9), reticular part

Mammillotegmental tract

Cerebral peduncle Interpeduncular nucleus, rostral part Entorhinal cortex Subthalamic nucleus

Principal mammillary tract (mammillothalamic + mammillotegmental tracts)

Internal carotid artery

Fornix

Third ventricle

Medial mammillary nucleus Ventricular zone, hypothalamus Premammillary nucleus

Pituitary:

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Infundibular recess Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Internal carotid artery Mandibular nerve (V3)

Otic ganglion

Basosphenoid bone

Nasopharynx

F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^ Palatal shelf

Oropharynx

Submandibular gland

Tongue

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 18

197

198 Subcommissural organ Tectum, ventricular zone Aqueduct

Superior colliculus Tegmentum, ventricular zone Brachium of superior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray Medial geniculate nucleus Red nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Medial lemniscus Mammillary peduncle

Substantia nigra (A9), reticular part

Cerebral peduncle

Interpeduncular fossa

Fasciculus retroflexus Mammillary neuroepithelium

Interpeduncular nucleus, caudal part

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Principal mammillary tract (mammillothalamic + mammillotegmental tracts)

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Basilar artery

Precerebellar (intramural) migration

Pituitary:

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Infundibular stalk Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

KZmad^lihn\a Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root Mandibular nerve (V3)

Otic ganglion

Basosphenoid bone F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

Nasopharynx Oropharynx

Palatal shelf

Submandibular gland Tongue

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 19

199

200

Commissure of superior colliculus Ventricular zone, superior colliculus Superior colliculus

Aqueduct Periaqueductal gray

Interstitial nucleus

Brachium of superior colliculus Red nucleus

Reticular formation, midbrain

Mammillotegmental tract Medial geniculate nucleus

Medial lemniscus Substantia nigra (A9), reticular part

Rostral linear raphe nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Superior cerebellar peduncle (dentatothalamic fasciculus)

Posterior cerebral artery Substantia nigra (A9), compact part + ventral tegmental area (A10)

Superior cerebellar artery

Mesencephalic flexure

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Precerebellar (intramural) migration

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Precerebellar (extramural) migration

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Basilar artery

Pituitary:

Trigeminal nerve(V), sensory root

Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) KZmad^lihn\a

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) Periolivary nucleus Otic ganglion

Geniculate ganglion

F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^ Facial nerve (VII ) Internal carotid artery Nasopharynx

Basosphenoid bone

Oropharynx

Submandibular gland

Palatal shelf Tongue

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 20

201

202 Aqueduct Superior colliculus Periaqueductal gray Reticular formation, midbrain Medial longitudinal fasciculus Red nucleus Ventral tegmental area (A10)+ substantia nigra (A9), compact part

Tectal neuroepithelium Oculomotor nucleus Mammillotegmental tract Lateral lemniscus Substantia nigra (A9), reticular part Medial lemniscus Interpeduncular fossa Paramedian raphe nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral lemniscus Cerebral peduncle

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Mesencephalic flexure

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Pontine reticular nucleus

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Medial lemniscus

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Geniculate ganglion

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Facial nerve (VII) Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Superior olive

Pyramidal tract

Cochlear duct

Basilar artery

Auditory meatus Eustachian tube

Internal carotid artery

Basioccipital bone

Palatal shelf

Nasopharynx Submandibular gland Oropharynx

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 21

203

204 Commissure of superior colliculus Superior colliculus Reticular formation, midbrain

Tectal neuroepithelium Aqueduct

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Oculomotor nucleus

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Ventral tegmental area (A10) Substantia nigra (A9)

Lateral lemniscus

Median raphe nucleus, midbrain (B8)

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5) Pontine reticular nucleus Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Precerebellar (extramural) migration

Trigeminal motor nucleus Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

Facial nerve (VII)

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

External auditory meatus

Geniculate ganglion

Superior olive

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Cochlear duct

Basilar artery Basioccipital bone Internal carotid artery Laryngopharynx

Submandibular gland

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 22

205

Superior colliculus

206

Tectal neuroepithelium

Trochlear nucleus

Aqueduct Periaqueductal gray

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus

Lateral lemniscus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

External germinal layer

Microcellular tegmental nucleus Median raphe nucleus, midbrain (B8)

Superior vestibular nucleus

Paramedian raphe nucleus

Germinal trigone

Medial parabrachial nucleus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Facial nerve (VII), genu

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Facial nerve (VII)

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Vestibular neuroepithelium

Crista (of anterior ampulla)

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Pinna

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

External auditory meatus

Saccule Facial nerve (VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Geniculate ganglion Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) Fourth ventricle Pyramidal tract

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Medial lemniscus

Cochlear duct

Internal carotid artery

Superior olive Basioccipital bone

Basilar artery Larynx

Laryngopharynx

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 23

207

Superior colliculus Aqueduct

208

Tectum, ventricular + subventricular zones (tectal neuroepithelium) Periaqueductal gray

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Lateral lemniscus

Microcellular tegmental nucleus

Superior vestibular nucleus

Median raphe nucleus (B5/B8) Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus

Germinal trigone

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Parabrachial nucleus

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Fourth ventricle

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Vestibular neuroepithelium

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Facial nerve (VII), genu Ventral cochlear nucleus

Abducens nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus Posterior semicircular canal

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Macula (of utricle)

Pinna Facial nerve (VII)

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Geniculate ganglion

Saccule

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Pontine reticular nucleus Cochlear (spiral) ganglion Cochlear duct

Facial nucleus

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Internal carotid artery

Medial lemniscus + pyramidal tract

Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion Parapyramidal reticular nucleus

Larynx

Laryngopharynx

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 24

209

210

Aqueduct Ventricular zone, superior colliculus

Superior colliculus Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Ventricular zone, inferior colliculus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus Tectospinal tract

Microcellular tegmental nucleus

Isthmus

Lateral lemniscus

Parabrachial nucleus

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

External germinal layer

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Locus coeruleus (A6)

Cerebellum, rhombic lip (germinal trigone)

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Superior medullary velum

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal Cochlear neuroepithelium

Fourth ventricle

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Medial vestibular nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Precerebellar migration

Utricle Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

O^lmb[neZk!L\ZkiZl"`Zg`ebhg Geniculate ganglion

Saccule Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Cochlear duct

Facial nerve (VII)

Pinna

Facial nucleus

External auditory meatus

Parapyramidal reticular nucleus

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

Internal carotid artery Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion

Basilar artery Entrance to esophagus

Medial lemniscus + pyramidal tract Entrance to trachea

Larynx

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 25

211

212 Aqueduct Superior colliculus

Ventricular zone, superior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray

Ventricular zone, inferior colliculus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Inferior colliculus

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Lateral lemniscus

Isthmal neuroepithelium

Cerebellum, lateral hemisphere

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

External germinal layer

Locus coeruleus (A6)

Purkinje cell layer Dentate (lateral) nucleus, migrating

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Germinal trigone

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Superior medullary velum Medial vestibular nucleus Anterior (superior) semicircular canal Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Dorsal cochlear nucleus Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Fourth ventricle

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Endolymphatic duct

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Macula (of utricle)

Crista (of posterior ampulla)

Pinna

Facial nucleus

Facial nerve (VII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) + vagus (X) nerves

External auditory meatus

Inferior glossopharyngeal (petrosal) ganglion

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Internal jugular vein

Pyramidal tract

Superior cervical ganglion

Basilar artery Entrance to esophagus

Medial lemniscus Trachea

Larynx

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 26

213

214 Tectal neuroepithelium

Aqueduct Superior colliculus Isthmal neuroepithelium

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Fastigial (medial) nucleus, migrating

Inferior colliculus

Lateral lemniscus Ventricular zone, inferior colliculus

Interposed nucleus, migrating

Middle cerebellar peduncle

External germinal layer

Dentate (lateral) nucleus, migrating

Purkinje cell layer

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Germinal trigone

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Ventricular zone, cerebellum

Medial vestibular nucleus

Fourth ventricle

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Choroid plexus

Precerebellar neuroepithelium

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus Solitary tract nucleus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Endolymphatic duct

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Crista (of posterior ampulla)

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

Posterior semicircular canal

Glossopharyngeal (IX) + vagus (X) nerves

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Basilar artery

Facial nucleus

Facial nerve (VII)

Medial lemniscus

Internal jugular vein

Inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion

Internal carotid artery

Superior cervical ganglion

Esophagus

Pyramidal tract

Thyroid gland Trachea

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 27

215

216

Aqueduct

Superior colliculus Ventricular zone, superior colliculus

Fourth ventricle

Hook bundle

Inferior colliculus

Fastigial (medial) nucleus, migrating

Middle cerebellar peduncle

External germinal layer

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Molecular layer Choroid plexus

Purkinje cell layer

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Germinal trigone Ventricular zone, cerebellum

Inferior medullary velum

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Medial vestibular nucleus

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Endolymphatic duct

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Solitary tract

Posterior semicircular canal

Solitary tract nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Crista (of posterior ampulla)

Vagus nerve (X)

Medial lemniscus

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Basioccipital bone Accessory nerve (XI)

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Superior cervical ganglion

Pyramidal tract

Internal jugular vein

Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

Vagus nerve (X)

Basilar artery

Internal carotid artery

Esophagus Trachea

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 28

217

218

Superior colliculus Hook bundle Inferior colliculus

Aqueduct Cerebellum, vermis Interposed nucleus, migrating

Ventricular zone, inferior colliculus

External germinal layer Choroid plexus

Purkinje cell layer Cerebellum. paravermis

Fourth ventricle

Posterior precerebellar neuroepithelium Solitary tract

Medial vestibular nucleus Inferior vestibular nucleus

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Endolymphatic duct Solitary tract nucleus

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Vagus nerve (X)

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Posterior semicircular canal Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Ambiguus nucleus Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

C1 adrenergic nucleus Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

Internal jugular vein Basilar artery

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 29

219

220

Aqueduct Inferior colliculus Choroid plexus Posterior precerebellar neuroepithelium

Lateral lemniscus Ventricular zone, cerebellum (cerebellar neuroepithelium) External germinal layer Cerebellum

Fourth ventricle

Medial vestibular nucleus

Solitary tract

Endolymphatic duct

Solitary tract nucleus

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Vagus nerve (X)

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Ambiguus nucleus Medial lemniscus Precerebellar migration

Inferior olive Vertebral artery

Pyramidal tract

Basilar artery

Atlas (C1 vertebra)

Cervical spinal nerves

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 30

221

222

Inferior colliculus

Fourth ventricle

Inferior medullary velum Posterior precerebellar neuroepithelium Solitary tract

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Solitary tract nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Sulcus limitans

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Hypoglossal nucleus

Reticular formation, medulla

Ambiguus nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Medial lemniscus

Precerebellar migration

Inferior olive Pyramidal tract Dorsal root ganglion Epidural space

Basilar artery

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 31

223

224

Inferior medullary velum

Gracile nucleus

Fourth ventricle Cuneate fasciculus Cuneate nucleus

Solitary tract Spinal trigeminal nucleus Solitary tract nucleus Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Hypoglossal nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

Ventral horn, motor neurons

Floor plate

Lateral funiculus

Pyramidal decussation

Ventral funiculus

Dorsal root ganglia

Intermediate gray

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 32

225

226

Roof plate

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Cuneate fasciculus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Gracile fasciculus Central canal

Substantia gelatinosa Dorsal horn Lateral funiculus

1.0 mm

GD 14 CORONAL 33

227

1

HP denotes image enlargement

2 3 4 + 5 HP 6 7 8 9 + 10 HP 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

GESTATIONAL DAY 14 (GD 14) HORIZONTAL SECTIONS

229

230

Subplate Cortical plate Intermediate zone Marginal zone Subventricular zone Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Ventricular zone

Superior sagittal sinus

Motor cortex

Visual cortex

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 1

231

232

Habenular commisure Habenular recess

Pineal gland Visual cortex

Lateral ventricle Pineal recess Motor cortex

Superior colliculus Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Marginal zone

Brachium of superior colliculus

Cortical plate Subplate

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Intermediate zone Ventricular + subventricular zones

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 2

233

234

Epithalamic neuroepithelium Habenular commissure Habenular recess

Pretectum

Lateral ventricle

Brachium of superior colliculus

Cingulate cortex

Superior colliculus

Subcommissural organ Longitudinal cerebral fissure Commissure of superior colliculus Motor cortex

Posterior commissure

Marginal zone Retrosplenial cortex Cortical plate Visual cortex

Subplate Intermediate zone

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Ventricular + subventricular zones Hippocampus, intermediate zone

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 3

235

236 Lateral habenular nucleus Somatosensory cortex Stria medullaris

Fasciculus retroflexus Visual cortex Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Retrosplenial cortex Posterior thalamic nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

Brachium of superior colliculus Motor cortex Superior colliculus Lateral ventricle Pretectum Cingulate cortex Aqueduct Third ventricle Tectal neuroepithelium Choroid plexus Posterior commissure

Cortical neuroepithelium: Medial geniculate nucleus

Ventricular zone Subventricular zone

Optic tract

Intermediate zone Subplate

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Cortical plate Marginal zone Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Lateral ventricle

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 4

237

238

Pia-arachnoid Marginal zone

Cortical plate

Subplate

Intermediate zone

Subventricular zone

Ventricular zone

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones Lateral ventricle

Cortical Neuroepithelium and Lateral Gangionlic Eminence

0.5 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 5

239

240

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Stria medullaris

Somatosensory cortex

Anterior thalamic nucleus Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Visual cortex Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Intermediate subpallial sulcus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus Subfornical organ Reticular formation, midbrain

Motor cortex

Central tegmental tract

Fimbria

Third ventricle

Longitudinal cerebral fissure Cingulate cortex

Aqueduct

Choroid plexus

Tectal neuroepithelium

Lateral ventricle

Superior colliculus

Thalamic neuroepithelium: Paraventricular, central medial + renuiens nuclei

Fasciculus retroflexus Brachium of superior colliculus

Lateral migratory stream

Anterior pretectal nucleus

External capsule Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Optic tract

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Medial geniculate nucleus Lateral ventricle

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 6

241

242

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Stria medullaris

Thalamic neuroepithelium:

Subfornical organ

Paraventricular, central medial + reuniens nuclei Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Posterior thalamic nucleus Fasciculus retroflexus

Intermediate subpallial sulcus

Superior colliculus

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Third ventricle

Septal neuroepithelium

Inferior colliculus Accessory olfactory bulb Tectal neuroepithelium Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Aqueduct Periaqueductal gray

Fornix

Central tegmental tract Lateral ventricle Anterior pretectal nucleus Piriform cortex

Brachium of inferior colliculus Optic tract

Caudate-putamen

Medial geniculate nucleus External capsule

Lateral ventricle

Globus pallidus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Somatosensory cortex Internal capsule

Extreme capsule

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 7

243

244 Thalamic neuroepithelium: Central medial, ventral medial + reuniens nuclei

Ventral anterior + ventral lateral thalamic nuclei External medullary lamina

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Lateral ventricle

Interventricular foramen

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Intermediate subpallial sulcus

Medial geniculate nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract Diagonal band of Broca

Ventral posterior medial + ventral posterior lateral thalamic nuclei

Lateral ventricle

Red nucleus

Olfactory ventricle Superior cerebellar peduncle Olfactory bulb Nucleus of Darkschewitsch Ventricular + subventricular zones of olfactory bulb

Inferior colliculus

Anterior olfactory nucleus Aqueduct Olfactory neuroepithelium Third ventricle

Septal neuroepithelium

Reticular formation, midbrain

Medial septal nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Lateral septal nucleus Vascular organ of lamina terminalis

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus

Piriform cortex

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Caudate-putamen

Brachium of inferior colliculus

External capsule

Optic tract

Stria terminalis

Zona incerta

Globus pallidus Internal capsule

Hippocampus, ventricular zone Reticular thalamic nucleus Lateral migratory stream

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 8

245

246 Stria terminalis

Thalamic neuroepithelium: Reuniens + ventral medial nuclei

Reticular thalamic nucleus Amygdaloid neuroepithelium Zona incerta

Ventral anterior + ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

Lateral ventricle

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Medial geniculate nucleus

Stria medullaris

Medial lemniscus + superior cerebellar peduncle Fasciculus retroflexus

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Intermediate subpallial sulcus

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus

Lateral olfactory tract Ventricular + subventricular zones of olfactory bulb (olfactory neuroepithelium)

Mammillotegmental tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Paratenial thalamic nucleus

Inferior colliculus, intermediate zone

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Olfactory nerve (I) Anterior olfactory nucleus

Aqueduct

Intermediate zone of olfactory ventricle

Oculomotor nucleus

Olfactory bulb

Periaqueductal gray

Lateral septal nucleus Red nucleus

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Cerebral peduncle

Accumbens nucleus Interventricular foramen

Substantia nigra (A9)

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus

Globus pallidus

Optic tract

Internal capsule Piriform cortex Reuniens thalamic nucleus

Third ventricle Hippocampus, ventricular zone

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 9

247

248

Globus pallidus

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Internal capsule Choroid plexus

Dentate gyrus Stria terminalis

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Internal capsule Medial ganglionic eminence

Zona incerta

Stria medullaris

Anterior thalamic nucleus

Thalamic neuroepithelium: Reuniens + ventral medial thalamic nuclei

Paratenial thalamic nucleus

Third ventricle

Internal Capsule, Stria Medullaris and Stria Terminalis

0.5 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 10

249

250

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus Stria terminalis

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Dentate gyrus, neuroepithelium

Third ventricle

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Medial lemniscus + superior cerebellar peduncle

Ventricular zone (paraventricular + reuniens thalamic nucleus)

Lateral lemniscus

Anterior commissure, anterior part Anterior thalamic nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Lateral olfactory tract Red nucleus

Septal neuroepithelium

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Interventricular foramen

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Medial preoptic area Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Inferior colliculus, intermediate zone

Olfactory nerve (I)

Aqueduct

Olfactory nerve layer Olfactory bulb, intermediate zone (mitral + granule cell layers)

Ventral tegmental area (A10) Interpeduncular nucleus

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract

Preoptic neuroepithelium

Cerebral peduncle

Stria terminalis

Substantia nigra (A9)

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Olfactory tubercle Stria medullaris

Optic tract

Lateral olfactory tract Medial geniculate nucleus Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus Internal capsule Piriform cortex

Zona incerta Lateral ventricle

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 11

251

252 Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Entopeduncular nucleus

Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus Amygdaloid neuroepithelium Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Stria medullaris

Hippocampus, intermediate zone

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Cerebral peduncle

Stria terminalis

Pyramidal tract

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Lateral lemniscus

Ventricular zone

Medial lemniscus

Lateral ventricle

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Third ventricle

Red nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Aqueduct Olfactory nerve (I) Inferior colliculus, intermediate zone

Olfactory bulb, olfactory nerve layer

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Fornix, column Ventral tegmental area (A10) Lateral olfactory tract Trochlear nucleus Interpeduncular fossa

Nucleus of stria medullaris

Interpeduncular nucleus Olfactory tubercle

Mammillotegmental tract Substantia nigra (A9)

Lateral olfactory tract

Optic tract Internal capsule

Subthalamic nucleus

Central amygdaloid nucleus Piriform cortex

Lateral ventricle

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 12

253

254

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Internal capsule

Lateral ventricle

Eyelid

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Fornix Lateral mammillary nucleus Optic tract Microcellular tegmental nucleus Anterior hypothalamic nucleus Medial lemniscus Third ventricle Median raphe nucleus (B5) Olfactory epithelium Medial longitudinal fasciculus Inferior colliculus, ventricular zone

Olfactory nerve (I)

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Medial preoptic area

Aqueduct

Nasal cavity

Pyramidal tract + middle cerebellar peduncle

Medial preoptic nucleus

Isthmal recess

Lateral preoptic area

Isthmus

Lateral olfactory tract

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Retinal pigment epithelium

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus

Neural retina, ventricular zone

Brachium of inferior colliculus Neural retina, intermediate zone Principal mammillary tract

Hyaloid vascular plexus

Cerebral peduncle

Corneal epithelium

Posterior hypothalamic area

Sclera Lateral hypothalamic area

Piriform cortex Medial amygdaloid nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 13

255

256 Temporal cortex, marginal zone Cerebral peduncle Third ventricle

Medial lemniscus Lateral lemniscus Precerebellar (intramural) migration Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Optic tract

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Medial preoptic nucleus

Parabrachial nucleus Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Lateral lemniscus Tectal neuroepithelium

Olfactory epithelium

Locus coerulus (A6) Superior vestibular nucleus

Nasal cavity

Inferior colliculus Isthmal recess

Nasal septum

Aqueduct Preoptic neuroepithelium

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Isthmus

Retinal pigment epithelium

Dorsal raphe nucleus, pons (B6) Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Optic fiber layer

Pyramidal tract + middle cerebellar peduncle

Ganglion cell layer

Mammillary recess

Hyaloid vascular plexus in hyaloid cavity

Medial mammillary nucleus

Nuclei of lens fibers

Principal mammillary tract

Cornea Lens Lens bow region Neural retina, ventricular zone

Posterior hypothalamic nucleus Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 14

257

Retinal pigment epithelium

258

Optic tract

Neural retina, intermediate zone (ganglion cell layer) Nuclei of lens fibers

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Third ventricle Medial lemniscus + pyramidal tract

Cornea

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Lens Vitreous space

Germinal trigone

Eyelid

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Optic pit

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus External germinal layer

Neural retina, ventricular zone

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Isthmus Optic nerve (II)

Aqueduct

Nasal cavity

Fourth ventricle

Optic recess

Hook bundle Isthmal recess

Olfactory epithelium

Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Anterior hypothalamic area

Pontine reticular nucleus

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Locus coerulus (A6) Cerebellum

Lateral hypothalamic area

Purkinje cells, migrating

Neural retina, ventricular zone

Trigeminal motor nucleus Neural retina, intermediate zone

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Optic fiber layer

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Sclera

Precerebellar migration, pontine nuclei

Cerebral peduncle + medial forebrain bundle Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 15

259

260 Eyelid

Medial forebrain bundle Infundibular recess

Retinal pigment epithelium

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Cornea

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Neural retina, ventricular zone

Germinal trigone

Sclera, forming

Pontine reticular nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Medial lemniscus Nasal cavity

Fourth ventricle Cerebellum

Vomeronasal organ

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Nasal cartilage

Purkinje cells, migrating External germinal layer

Vomer Nostril (external naris)

Cerebellar neuroepithelium Cerebellar nuclear neurons, migrating

Optic chiasm

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Isthmal recess

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Isthmus Maxillary nerve (V2)

Vestibular neuroepithelium

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Anterior (superior) semicircular canal

Intraretinal space

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Internal carotid artery

Pontine nuclei

Pyramidal tract

Precerebellar migration

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 16

261

262 Superior olive Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

Utricle Spinal trigeminal nucleus Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Cochlear neuroepithelium Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Superior vestibular nucleus Entrance to oropharynx Lateral vestibular nucleus Midline fusion of palatal shelves

Medial vestibular nucleus Cerebellum Abducens nerve (VI)

Vomer

Medial lemniscus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Palatal shelf

Fourth ventricle Nasal cavity

Choroid plexus Facial nerve (VII), genu

Median eminence

Isthmus

Pituitary: Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Facial nerve (VII)

Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) Rathk^lihnch Intermediate lobe

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Inferior vestibular nucleus

Pyramidal tract Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) Precerebellar migration

Dorsal cochlear nucleus Vestibular (Scarpal"`Zg`ebhg

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 17

263

264 Spinal trigeminal nucleus Utricle Facial nerve (VII)

Pinna

Geniculate ganglion

Vestibular ganglion Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Ventral cochlear nucleus Pyramidal tract

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Entrance to nasopharynx

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Vestibular neuroepithelium

Oral cavity (oropharynx)

Abducens nucleus Facial nerve (VII), genu

Primary palate

Precerebellar neuroepithelium Choroid plexus

Tooth bud, upper incisor

Inferior medullary velum Fourth ventricle

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Inferior vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus

Rathk^lihnch Lateral vestibular nucleus Pituitary, anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Precerebellar migration

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Superior olive

Posterior semicircular canal

Cochlear duct Vestibulocochlear nerve ( VIII ) Cochlear (spiral) ganglion Saccule

Vestibular (Scarpal"`Zg`ebhg Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 18

265

266

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Pinna Facial nucleus

Superior olive

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Medial lemniscus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Pyramidal tract

Solitary tract nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Whisker (vibrissa) follicle

Inferior vestibular nucleus Upper lip

Solitary tract Area postrema

Philtrum

Inferior medullary velum Primary palate

Fourth ventricle Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Oral cavity

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Oropharynx

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus

Tooth bud, lower molar

Medial vestibular nucleus F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^ Vagus nerve (X)

Masseter muscle

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Mandibular nerve (V3)

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Cochlear nerve (VIII)

Posterior semicircular canal

Cochlear duct

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Ear canal, external auditory meatus

Saccule Eustachian tube

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 19

267

268 Ear canal, external auditory meatus Pinna

Cochlear nerve ( VIII )

Facial nerve ( VII )

Eustachian tube

Saccule

Parapyramidal reticular nucleus

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal Facial nucleus

Pyramidal tract + medial lemniscus

Posterior semicircular canal Tooth bud, lower molar

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Solitary tract nucleus

Basilar artery

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus

Oropharynx

Solitary tract Cuneate nucleus

Tongue

Gracile nucleus Fourth ventricle

Philtrum

Inferior medullary velum Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Oral cavity

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Whisker (vibrissa) follicles

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Upper lip

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Palatal shelf

Vagus nerve (X) F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Facial nerve (VII)

Masseter muscle Utricle

Mandibular nerve ( V3 ) Cochlear ducts

Vestibular nerve (VIII) Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 20

269

270

Ear canal, external auditory meatus Cochlear duct

Pinna Vestibular nerve (VIII)

Cochlear (spiral) ganglion

Utricle Eustachian tube

Ambiguus nucleus Tectospinal tract

Tooth bud, lower molar

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Oropharynx

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Tongue

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus Cuneate fasciculus

Philtrum

Cuneate nucleus Gracile nucleus

Oral cavity

Hypoglossal nucleus Solitary tract

Whisker (vibrissa) follicles

Solitary tract nucleus Upper lip

Reticular formation, medulla Medial lemniscus Facial nucleus

F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^ Masseter muscle

Superior vagal (jugular) ganglion Palatal shelf

Horizontal (lateral) semicircular canal

Basilar artery Pyramidal tract

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 21

271

272

Bg_^kbhkoZ`Ze!gh]hl^"`Zg`ebhg Pinna Bgm^kgZe\Zkhmb]Zkm^kr Bgm^kgZecn`neZko^bg Lni^kbhk\^kob\Ze`Zg`ebhg Ik^\^k^[^eeZkfb`kZmbhg Submandibular gland Bg_^kbhkhebo^

Lower jaw (mandible)

LibgZemkb`^fbgZemkZ\m!V) @b`Zgmh\^eeneZkk^mb\neZk gn\e^nl Arih`ehllZegn\e^nl <^gmkZe\ZgZe @kZ\be^gn\e^nl @kZ\be^_Zl\b\nenl

F^\d^el\ZkmbeZ`^

gmkZg\^mheZkrgq

LibgZemkb`^fbgZegn\e^nl Gn\e^nlZf[b`nnl

>gmkZg\^mh^lhiaZ`nl IrkZfb]ZemkZ\m

;Zlbh\\bibmZe[hg^ ;ZlbeZkZkm^kr

1.0 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 22

273

274

Dorsal funiculus Gracile nucleus

Roof plate

Cuneate nucleus

Solitary tract nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Central canal

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Floor plate

Reticular formation, medulla

Lateral tracts: Spinocerebellar, spinothalamic, rubrospinal + reticulospinal tracts

Internal arcuate fibers

Medial lemniscus Medial longitudinal fasciculus + tectospinal tract

Inferior olive Pyramidal tract

Precerebellar migration

Medulla

Note: Rotated 90° counterclockwise to present as coronal section

0.5 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 23

275

276

Gracile fasciculus

Cuneate fasciculus

Gracile nucleus

Cuneate nucleus

Roof plate

Spinal trigeminal (V) + dorsal spinocerebellar tracts

Central canal Spinal trigeminal nucleus Internal arcuate fibers

Lateral tracts:

Reticular formation, medulla

Spinocerebellar, spinothalamic, rubrospinal + reticulospinal tracts

Medial longitudinal fasciculus + tectospinal tract

Ventral spinocerebellar tract

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Accessory nucleus

Pyramidal decussation

Cervical Spinal Cord

Note: Rotated 90° counterclockwise to present as coronal section

0.5 mm

GD 14 HORIZONTAL 24

277

HP denotes image enlargement

16 15 14 13 12 + 11HP 10 9 8 6 + 7HP 5 4 3 2 1

GESTATIONAL DAY 16 (GD 16) SAGITTAL SECTIONS

279

280

Intermediate zone + white matter

Visual cortex

Subplate

Ventricular + subventricular zones of lateral ventricle:

Cortical plate Marginal zone

Cortical neuroepithelium Striatal neuroepithelium

Somatosensory cortex

Hippocampal neuroepithelium Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Insular cortex

Entorhinal cortex

Anterior commissure, posterior part Lateral olfactory tract

Stria terminialis

Piriform cortex Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus Optic nerve (II) Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 1

281

282

Internal capsule Caudate-putamen

Cortical neuroepithelium Visual cortex

Somatosensory cortex Striatal neuroepithelium External capsule + lateral migratory stream Lateral ventricle Insular cortex Entorhinal cortex

Claustrum

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Piriform cortex

Amygdalohippocampal area

Lateral olfactory tract

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Anterior commissure, posterior part Stria terminalis

Olfactory tubercle

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus

Anterior amygdaloid area Optic nerve (II) Lateral olfactory tract

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 2

283

284 Cortical plate Marginal zone Internal capsule

Subplate Intermediate zone + white matter

Somatosensory cortex Visual cortex

Globus pallidus Lateral migratory stream

Ventricular + subventricular zone of lateral ventricle:

Caudate-putamen

Cortical neuroepithelium

Insular cortex

Striatal neuroepithelium Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium Rhinal fissure Entorhinal cortex

Claustrum

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

External capsule

Cerebellum

Lateral olfactory tract

Choroid plexus

Anterior commissure, anterior part Piriform cortex

Stria terminalis

Accumbens nucleus Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Anterior commissure, posterior part Olfactory tubercle

Subiculum

Ventral pallidum Lateral ventricle Anterior amygdaloid area Medial amygdaloid nucleus

Optic nerve (II) Substantia innominata Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Bed nucleus of accessory olfactory tract Lateral olfactory tract

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 3

285

286 Somatosensory cortex Subplate

Cortical plate Marginal zone

Intermediate zone + white matter

Striatal neuroepithelium

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Visual cortex

Internal capsule Cortical neuroepithelium Caudate-putamen

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Motor cortex

Subfornical organ

Orbital cortex Entorhinal cortex

Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Subiculum

Anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part Accessory olfactory bulb

Fimbria

Olfactory bulb:

Cerebellum: Purkinje cell layer

Mitral cell layer External plexiform layer

External germinal layer

Glomerular layer

Molecular layer

Internal plexiform layer Granule cell layer

Stria terminalis

Olfactory nerve layer Olfactory neuroepithelium

Choroid plexus

Lateral olfactory tract

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part

Subiculum

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Accumbens nucleus Anterior commissure, posterior part

Basal nucleus of Meynert

Preoptic area Optic tract

Ventral pallidum

Substantia innominata

Optic nerve (II) Globus pallidus

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 4

287

288 Cortical plate Marginal zone

Subplate Intermediate zone + white matter

Motor cortex

Ventricular + subventricular zones (cortical neuroepithelium)

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Subfornical organ

Stria terminalis

Alveus

Caudate-putamen

Fimbria

Lateral migratory stream

Retrosplenial cortex

Orbital cortex

Subiculum Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle

Hippocampal fissure

Anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part

Cerebellum: External germinal layer

Accessory olfactory bulb

Molecular layer Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Purkinje cell layer

Ventricular zone, olfactory ventricle Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Mitral cell layer Anterior commissure, anterior part

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral olfactory tract

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Accumbens nucleus

Lateral ventricle

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Facial nerve (VII)

Substantia innominata

Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Lateral preoptic area

Optic tract Cerebral peduncle

Optic nerve ( II ) Internal capsule

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 5

289

290

Hippocampal formation: Visual cortex

Polymorph layer Pyramidal cell layer

Retrosplenial cortex

Dentate gyrus, granular cell layer

Motor cortex:

Thalamus:

Ventricular zone

Marginal zone

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Molecular layer

Cortical plate

Alveus

Subplate

Medial geniculate nucleus

Fimbria

Intermediate zone + white matter

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus External medullary lamina

Ventricular + subventricular zones

Reticular thalamic nucleus Ventral posterior lateral nucleus

Stria terminalis Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Medial lemniscus

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Cerebellum: External germinal layer

Orbital cortex

Molecular layer

Accessory olfactory bulb:

Purkinje cell layer

External plexiform layer Mitral cell layer

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Glomerular layer

Isthmus

Olfactory bulb:

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, migrating

Mitral cell layer

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V)

Glomerular + external plexiform layers

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Olfactory nerve layer

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Granule cell layer

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Olfactory ventricle: Ventricular zone

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Subventricular zone

Trigeminal motor nucleus Pontine reticular nucleus

Anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part

Precerebellar migration

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Facial nerve(VII )

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Pontine nuclei

Lateral preoptic area

Optic tract

Optic nerve (II ) Internal capsule

Entopeduncular nucleus Optic chiasm

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 6

291

292

Pia mater

Accessory olfactory bulb:

Orbital cortex:

Vomeronasal nerve

Cortical plate

External plexiform layer Mitral cell layer

Intermediate zone + white matter

Granule cell layer

Subventricular zone

Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part

Olfactory bulb: Olfactory nerve layer Glomerular + external plexiform layers Mitral cell layer Internal plexiform layer Granule cell layer

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Olfactory ventricle

Anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part

Ventricular zone Subventricular zone

Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part

Olfactory Bulb

0.5 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 7

293

294

Visual cortex Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus

Dentate gyrus Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Motor cortex

Retrosplenial cortex

Ventral lateral geinculate nucleus

Subiculum

Subfornical organ

Brachium of superior colliculus

Dorsal lateral geinculate nucleus

Medial geniculate nucleus

External medullary lamina

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Brachium of inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Lateral lemniscus

Internal capsule

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Stria medullaris

External germinal layer

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Parabrachial nucleus Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Septal neuroepithelium

Germinal trigone

Orbital cortex

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, migrating

Accessory olfactory bulb:

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V) Isthmus

Vomeronasal nerve Mitral cell layer

Locus coeruleus (A6)

Granule cell layer

Superior vestibular nucleus Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Olfactory neuroepithelium

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Olfactory bulb, left

Lateral lemniscus

Mitral cell layer

Subthalamic nucleus

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Optic tract

Anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part

Facial nerve (VII )

Accumbens nucleus

Facial nucleus

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Olfactory tubercle

Magnocellular nucleus of lateral hypothalamus

Stria terminalis

Pontine nuclei

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Zona incerta, ventral part

Lateral preoptic area

Medial tuberal nucleus

Optic nerve (II )

Optic chiasm Fornix

Entopeduncular nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 8

295

296

Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus Pretectum

Retrosplenial cortex

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Superior colliculus

Extermal medullary lamina

Substantia nigra (A9)

Medial lemniscus

Brachium of superior colliculus

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial thalamic nuclei

Microcellular tegmental nucleus Cerebral peduncle

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Anteroventral thalamic nucleus

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Motor cortex

Cerebellum:

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

External germinal layer

External medullary lamina

Interposed nucleus Purkinje cell layer Superior cerebellar peduncle

Molecular layer

Reticular thalamic nucleus Septal neuroepithelium

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Germinal trigone

Stria medullaris

Parabrachial nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, migrating Locus coeruleus (A6)

Orbital cortex

Accessory olfactory bulb, left:

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Glomerular layer

Lateral lemniscus

Mitral cell layer Olfactory neuroepithelium

Superior vestibular nucleus Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus Medial vestibular nucleus

Lateral septal nucleus Anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part Accumbens nucleus

Parasubthalamic nucleus Facial nerve (VII)

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Pontine reticular nucleus

Stria terminalis

Lateral mammillary nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Pontine nuclei Superior olive

Zona incerta

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Precerebellar migration

Magnocellular preoptic nucleus

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Lateral preoptic area

Medial tuberal nucleus

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Lateral hypothalamic area Optic chiasm

Optic tract

Entopeduncular nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 9

297

298

Superior colliculus

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Retrosplenial cortex

Retrorubral field

Posterior pretectal nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Nucleus of optic tract

Inferior colliculus

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V)

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Parabrachial nucleus

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, migrating

Motor cortex

Cerebellum:

Choroid plexus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Molecular layer Purkinje cell layer

Dentate gyrus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Lateral ventricle

External germinal layer Germinal trigone

Stria medullaris

Dorsal raphe nucleus, pons (B6)

Fimbria

Cuneate nucleus

Ventral hippocampal commissure

Cuneate facicule Inferior vestibular nucleus

Interventricular foramen

Solitary tract nucleus

Lateral septal nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus

Orbital cortex

Supramammillary nucleus

Medial septal nucleus

Facial nerve (VII), genu

Olfactory bulb, right

Abducens nucleus Principal mammillary tract

Fornix

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Medial mammillary nucleus

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Longitudinal fasciculus of pons

Anterior commissure

Pontine nuclei

Third ventricle

Precerebellar migration

Medial preoptic nucleus

Premammillary nucleus

Vascular organ of lamina terminalis

Arcuate nucleus Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Optic recess Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Optic chiasm

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Posterior hypothalamic area Optic tract

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 10

299

300

Brachium of superior colliculus Superior colliculus

Retrosplenial cortex

Red nucleus

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Ventral tegmental area (A10) Medial lemniscus

Nucleus of optic tract

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V)

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Fasciculs retroflexus

Mesencephalic trigeminal neurons, migrating Lateral habenular nucleus

Lateral lemniscus

Cerebellum:

Habenular commissure

Superior peduncle

Motor cortex

Molecular layer Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Stria medullaris

Purkinje cell layer

Central medial thalamic nucleus

External germinal layer Inferior peduncle

Medial habenular nucleus

Germinal trigone

Subfornical organ Fourth ventricle

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Choroid plexus

Medial septal nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Olfactory bulb: Olfactory nerve layer

Medial mammillary nucleus

Glomerular layer External plexiform layer

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Subventricular zone Ventricular zone

Principal mammillary tract (mammillotegmental + mammillothalamic tracts) Fornix

Olfactory ventricle Granule cell layer + internal plexiform layer Mitral cell layer

Pontine nuclei Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Anterior commissure, posterior part Third ventricle Reuniens thalamic nuclueus Medial preoptic nucleus

Arcuate nucleus Infundibular recess

Optic stalk Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Median eminence Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Optic chiasm

Optic tract

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 11

301

302 Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus, neuroepithelium

Periaqueductal gray

Lateral lemniscus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Aqueduct

Cerebellar vermis: Superior cerebellar peduncle External germinal layer Molecular layer

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, migrating

Purkinje cell layer Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V)

Germinal trigone

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Choroid plexus Fourth ventricle

Cerebellum

0.5 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 12

303

304 Medial longitudinal fasciculus White layer of superior colliculus

Fasciculus retroflexus, left

Red nucleus

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Superior colliculus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Pretectum, left

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Marginal zone Cortical plate

Periaqueductal gray

Intermediate zone + white matter

Interpeduncular nucleus

Ventricular zone

Inferior colliculus

Habenular commissure

Lateral lemniscus

Medial habenular nucleus

Cerebellum:

Cingulate cortex, left

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral habenular nucleus

External germinal layer

Choroid plexus

Molecular layer Purkinje cell layer

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

Germinal trigone

Rhomboid thalamic nucleus

Choroid plexus

Interventricular foramen

Fourth ventricle

Subfornical organ

Mammillotegmental tract

Ventral hippocampal commissure

Hypoglossal nucleus

Orbital cortex, right

Medulla:

Lateral septal nucleus

Ventricular zone

Fornix

Midline

Medial septal nucleus

Olfactory bulb:

Precerebellar neuroepithelium

External plexiform layer Mitral cell layer Granule cell layer Olfactory ventricle Olfactory neuroepithelium

Glial palisades Medial mammillary nucleus Median eminence Mammillary recess

Olfactory nerve layer

Posterior area

Anterior olfactory nucleus Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Anterior commissure Reuniens thalamic nucleus

Medial preoptic area

Arcuate nucleus

Paraventricular nucleus

Third ventricle

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Dorsomedial nucleus

Anterior nucleus

Ventromedial nucleus

Optic chiasm

Hypothalamus:

Optic tract

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 13

305

306 Fasciculus retroflexus Superior colliculus

Mammillotegmental tract

Nucleus of Darkschewitsch

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Red nucleus

Precommissural nucleus

Periaqueductal gray

Habenular commissure

Inferior colliculus

Cingulate cortex, left

Aqueduct Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus Medial habenular nucleus

Interpeduncular nucleus

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Cerebellum:

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

Superior peduncle External germinal layer Molecular layer Purkinje cell layer Germinal trigone

Interventricular foramen Ventral hippocampal commissure Cortical plate

Dorsal raphe nucleus, pons (B6)

Intermediate zone

Choroid plexus

Cingulate cortex, right

Fourth ventricle

Ventricular + subventricular zones of lateral ventricle:

Precerebellar neuroepithelium Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Septal neuroepithelium Cortical neuroepithelium

Hypoglossal nucleus Glial palisades

Subfornical organ

Precerebellar migration

Fornix

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Mitral cell layer

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Olfactory neuroepithelium Medial septal nucleus

Fornix Ventricular zone of third ventricle

Anterior commissure Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Olfactory tubercle

Arcuate nucleus Paraventricular nucleus

Ventromedial nucleus

Medial preoptic nucleus

Dorsomedial nucleus

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Anterodorsal nucleus

Optic chiasm

Anteroventral nucleus

Hypothalamus:

Medial mammillary nucleus Pontine nuclei

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 14

307

308

Third ventricle Posterior commissure Subcommissural organ Pineal gland

Ventricular zone of third ventricle Superior colliculus Commissure of superior colliculus Nucleus of Darkschewitsch

Pineal recess

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Habenular commissure

Oculomotor nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Retrosplenial cortex

Inferior colliculus Trochlear nucleus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Periaqueductal gray

Central medial thalamic nucleus

Interfascicular nucleus

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Aqueduct Dorsal raphe nucleus, pons (B6)

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Cerebellum:

Ventral hippocampal commissure

External germinal layer Molecular layer

Mammillothalamic tract

Purkinje cell layer

Motor cortex

Germinal trigone

Lateral septal nucleus

Glial palisades

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Precerebellar neuroepithelium

Orbital cortex

Pontine reticular nucleus

Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Principal mammillary tract Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Accessory olfactory bulb:

Prepositus hypoglosssal nucleus

Mitral cell layer Granule cell layer

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Facial nerve (VII), genu

Olfactory bulb:

Abducens nucleus

Granule cell layer Internal plexiform layer Mitral cell layer Olfactory nerve layer

Medial mammillary nucleus Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Pontine nuclei Longitudinal fasciculus of pons

Lateral olfactory tract

Superior olive

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Zona incerta

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Accumbens nucleus

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Arcuate nucleus

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band Fornix Medial preoptic nucleus

Optic chiasm Medial preoptic area

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 15

309

310

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus Posterior commissure Pineal gland

Subcommissural organ Superior colliculus Lithoid nucleus

Magnocellular nucleus of posterior commissure

Nucleus of Darkschewitsch

Retrosplenial cortex

Interstitial nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus, right

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Lateral habenular nucleus

Aqueduct

Medial habenular nucleus

Interpeduncular nucleus

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Interpeduncular fossa

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Cerebellum:

Central medial thalamic nucleus

External germinal layer

Lateral ventricle

Molecular layer

Motor cortex

Purkinje cell layer Germinal trigone

Fimbria Stria medullaris

Dorsal raphe nucleus, pons (B6)

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Medial vestibular nucleus

Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (septal neuroepithelium)

Solitary tract Solitary tract nucleus

Orbital cortex

Medial mammillary nucleus

Accessory olfactory bulb Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Posterior hypothalamic area

Olfactory bulb

Longitudinal fasciculus of pons

Mitral cell layer

Facial nerve (VII)

Olfactory neuroepithelium

Pontine nuclei

Lateral olfactory tract

Superior olive Zona incerta

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Premammillary nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Anterior commissure Stria terminalis Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

External medullary lamina Optic tract Mammillothalamic tract Suprachiasmatic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 SAGITTAL 16

311

GESTATIONAL DAY 16 (GD 16) CORONAL SECTIONS

30

29

27 28

26

24 25

23

17 18 + 20 19H P 21 22

15 16

13 14

11 12

8+ 9 10 HP

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

HP denotes image enlargement

313

314

Granule cell layer

Accessory olfactory bulb

Internal plexiform layer

Mitral cell layer External plexiform layer

Olfactory bulb

Olfactory ventricle

Glomerular layer Ventricular + subventricular zones, olfactory ventricle (olfactory neuroepithelium)

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 1

315

316

Cingulate cortex

Marginal zone

Motor cortex

Cortical plate Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Subplate

Intermediate zone + white matter

Insular cortex

Mitral cell layer

Orbital cortex

Lateral olfactory tract External plexiform layer Olfactory ventricle Glomerular layer Ventricular + subventricular zones

Olfactory nerve (I)

Olfactory nerve layer

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 2

317

318

Cingulate cortex Cingulum Motor cortex Prelimbic cortex

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps Marginal zone Cortical plate

Infralimbic cortex

Subplate Intermediate zone + white matter

Somatosensory cortex

Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Lateral migratory stream, head

Insular cortex Caudate-putamen Rhinal fissure Claustrum

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir Lateral olfactory tract

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Piriform cortex Anterior olfactory nucleus

Ventricular + subventricular zones, (septal neuroepithelium) Olfactory tubercle

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 3

319

320

Cingulum

Cingulate cortex

Motor cortex

Infralimbic cortex Marginal zone

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps Cortical plate Lateral ventricle, anterior horn Subplate Somatosensory cortex

Intermediate zone + white matter

Lateral migratory stream, head

Ventricular +subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Internal capsule Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Insular cortex

Caudate-putamen Piriform cortex

Claustrum

Lateral olfactory tract

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Ventral pallidum

Accumbens nucleus

Olfactory tubercle Ventricular + subventricular zones (septal neuroepithelium)

Medial forebrain bundle Lateral septal nucleus

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 4

321

322

Cingulum

Cingulate cortex Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Motor cortex

Marginal zone Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Cortical plate

Lateral ventricle

Subplate

Somatosensory cortex

Intermediate zone + white matter

Lateral migratory stream, head

Ventricular +subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Internal capsule

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Insular cortex

Claustrum

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Caudate-putamen

Piriform cortex

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Ventricular + subventricular zones (septal neuroepithelium)

Anterior commissure, anterior part Ventral pallidum

Accumbens nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Lateral septal nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle

Medial septal nucleus Midline zipper glia

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 5

323

324

Cingulum

Cingulate cortex

Motor cortex

Marginal zone Cortical plate

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Subplate

Lateral ventricle

Intermediate zone + white matter Somatosensory cortex Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Lateral migratory stream, head Insular cortex

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

External capsule

Caudate-putamen Internal capsule Claustrum

Piriform cortex Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (septal neuroepithelium)

Anterior commissure, anterior part Ventral pallidum

Accumbens nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle Medial septal nucleus

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Lateral septal nucleus Glial wedge

Midline zipper glia

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 6

325

326

Cingulum

Cingulate cortex

Motor cortex

Marginal zone

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Cortical plate

Corpus callosum, genu

Subplate

Lateral ventricle Intermediate zone + white matter Somatosensory cortex Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Lateral migratory stream, head

Insular cortex

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Internal capsule

Caudate-putamen External capsule Claustrum Piriform cortex Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Lateral migratory stream, reservoir Glial wedge Lateral olfactory tract Lateral septal nucleus Anterior commissure, anterior part Medial septal nucleus Septal neuroepithelium

Accumbens nucleus

Ventral pallidum

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Diagonal band of Broca

Anterior cerebral artery Midline zipper glia

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 7

327

328 Corpus callosum, genu Cingulate cortex

Cingulum Marginal zone

Motor cortex

Cortical plate Lateral ventricle Subplate Intermediate zone + white matter

Choroid plexus

Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Somatosensory cortex

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones, (striatal neuroepithelium)

Lateral migratory stream, head

Caudate-putamen Insular cortex Claustrum

Piriform cortex

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Internal capsule

Lateral olfactory tract

External capsule

Ventral pallidum

Glial wedge

Anterior commissure, anterior part Sling cells Olfactory tubercle Accumbens nucleus

Lateral septal nucleus Medial septal nucleus Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band Indusium griseum

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 8

329

330

Intermediate zone + white matter

Subplate Lateral ventricle Marginal zone

Ventricular + subventricular zones (cortical neuroepithelium)

Cortical plate

Choroid plexus

Lateral migratory stream, head

Blood vessels

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Caudate-putamen

External capsule Internal capsule

Cortex and Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

0.5 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 9

331

332 Cingulate cortex Lateral ventricle

Cingulum Corpus callosum, genu Marginal zone

Motor cortex

Cortical plate

Choroid plexus

Subplate Indusium griseum Intermediate zone + white matter Somatosensory cortex

Lateral ventricle, ventricular + subventricular zones (cortical neuroepithelium)

Sling cells

Lateral migratory stream, head

Lateral ganglionic eminence ventricular + subventricular zones, (striatal neuroepithelium)

Insular cortex

External capsule

Caudate-putamen Claustrum

Internal capsule

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir Piriform cortex Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Lateral olfactory tract

Fornix, columns

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Lateral septal nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Accumbens nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle

Medial septal nucleus

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band Corpus callosum, genu

Diagonal band of Broca Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 10

333

334 Cingulate cortex

Cingulum Lateral ventricle

Motor cortex

Marginal zone

Choroid plexus

Cortical plate

Hippocampus

Subplate Indusium griseum Intermediate zone + white matter Somatosensory cortex

Ventricular + subventricular zones of lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Lateral migratory stream, head

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Insular cortex

Internal capsule

Caudate-putamen

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Claustrum

External capsule Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Piriform cortex Lateral olfactory tract

Medial ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Lateral septal nucleus Anterior commissure, anterior part Olfactory tubercle Medial forebrain bundle Ventral hippocampal commissure

Diagonal band of Broca

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Medial preoptic area

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 11

335

336 Retrosplenial cortex Motor cortex

Lateral ventricle

Choroid plexus

Marginal zone Cortical plate

Hippocampus

Subplate

Somatosensory cortex

Intermediate zone + white matter Lamina terminalis Ventricular + subventricular zones, of lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Lateral migratory stream, head Insular cortex

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Subfornical organ

Caudate-putamen

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Claustrum External capsule Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Anterior commissure, posterior part Fimbria Piriform cortex Medial ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Lateral olfactory tract Internal capsule

Lateral septal nucleus

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Fornix, column

Medial forebrain bundle

Accumbens nucleus

Diagonal band of Broca

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Septofimbrial nucleus Triangular septal nucleus

Medial preoptic area

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 12

337

338 Retrosplenial cortex

Third ventricle Stria medullaris

Motor cortex

Marginal zone

Lateral ventricle

Cortical plate

Choroid plexus

Subplate

Subfornical organ

Intermediate zone + white matter

Hippocampus, ventricular zone

Ventricular + subventricular zones of lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Fimbria Somatosensory cortex

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Lateral migratory stream, head

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus Stria medullaris

Paratenial thalamic nucleus

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

Medial ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Insular cortex

Claustrum

External capsule

Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus

Internal capsule

Caudate-putamen

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Piriform cortex

Anteroventral thalamic nucleus Globus pallidus

Lateral olfactory tract

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Anterior commissure, posterior part Stria terminalis

Magnocellular preoptic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Fornix, columns

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Lateral preoptic area

Medial preoptic area

Medial preoptic nucleus

Optic recess Vascular organ of lamina terminalis

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 13

339

340 Retrospenial cortex

Third ventricle Lateral ventricle

Motor cortex

Marginal zone

Choroid plexus

Cortical plate Hippocampus Intermediate zone + white matter Stria medullaris

Ventricular + subventricular zones of lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Somatosensory cortex Lateral migratory stream, head

Lateral ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (striatal neuroepithelium)

Fimbria Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Insular cortex

Caudate-putamen

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Medial ganglionic eminence, ventricular + subventricular zones (pallidal neuroepithelium)

External capsule

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Piriform cortex Internal capsule

Anteroventral thalamic nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract Anterior commissure, posterior part Paratenial thalamic nucleus Globus pallidus

Anterior amygdaloid area

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Reuniens thalamic nucleus Stria terminalis

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Medial forebrain bundle

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Lateral preoptic area

Lateral preoptic nucleus Fornix

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Medial preoptic area

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 14

341

342 Retrosplenial cortex Habenular commissure

Pineal gland

Stria medullaris

Third ventricle

Hippocampus

Medial habenular nucleus

Dentate gyrus Paraventricular thalamic nucleus Somatosensory cortex Lateral habenular nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus Fimbria

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

External medullary lamina

Central medial thalamic nucleus

Reticular thalamic nucleus Stria terminalis

Caudate-putamen

Internal capsule Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus Lenticular fasciculus Globus pallidus

Cerebral peduncle

Zona incerta

Piriform cortex

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Anterior amygdaloid area

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Anterodorsal hypothalamic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle Lateral hypothalamic area

Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Reuniens thalamic nucleus Anteroventral hypothalamic nucleus

Third ventricle

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 15

343

344 Habenular commissure Retrosplenial cortex

Pineal gland Medial habenular nucleus

Stria medullaris

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Hippocampus

Lateral habenular nucleus

Somatosensory cortex

Fasciculus retroflexus

Dentate gyrus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Fimbria

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Lateral ventricle, posterior horn Posterior thalamic nucleus Choroid plexus Central medial thalamic nucleus External medullary lamina Piriform cortex

Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Stria terminalis

Zona incerta

Internal capsule

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Lenticular fasciculus

Anterior amygdaloid area

Cerebral peduncle

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Reuniens thalamic nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle Fornix Anterodorsal hypothalamic nucleus

Anteroventral hypothalamic nucleus Third ventricle

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 16

345

Posterior commissure

346

Retrosplenial cortex

Subcommissural organ Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Pretectum

Thalamus:

Posterior nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Lateral posterior nucleus Visual cortex

External medullary lamina

Dentate gyrus

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Ventral posterior medial + ventral posterior lateral nuclei

Hippocampus

External medullary lamina Fimbria

Ventral medial nucleus Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Auditory cortex

Medial lemniscus Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Amygdala:

Optic tract

Ventricular + subventricular zones (amygdaloid neuroepithelium)

Internal capsule

Stria terminalis

Zona incerta

Lateral nucleus Piriform cortex

Central nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Basolateral nucleus Medial nucleus

?hk^el_b^e]

Basomedial nucleus Mammillothalamic tract Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Cortical nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Third ventricle

Dorsomedial nucleus Lateral olfactory tract

Fornix Paraventricular nucleus Medial forebrain bundle Lateral area Supraoptic nucleus

Hypothalamus:

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 17

347

348 Posterior commissure Dorsal diencephalic sulcus Pretectum

Subcommissural organ Brachium of superior colliculus

Retrosplenial cortex

Aqueduct

Optic tract

Periaqueductal gray

Fasciculus retroflexus

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Subiculum

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Visual cortex

Internal medullary lamina

Dentate gyrus

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Auditory cortex

Medial geniculate nucleus

Hippocampus

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Fimbria

Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus

Medial diencephalic sulcus

External medullary lamina

Ventricular + subventricular zones (amygdaloid neuroepithelium)

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Subgeniculate nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Piriform cortex

Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus

Posterior hypothalamic area Optic tract

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus

Subthalamic nucleus

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Medial amygdaloid nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle

Zona incerta Subthalamic nucleus

Lateral hypothalamic area

Mammillothalamic tract

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Third ventricle Ventral diencephalic sulcus

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 18

349

350

Auditory cortex: Marginal zone Anterior pretectal nucleus

Cortical plate Intermediate zone Subventricular zone

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Ventricular zone

Brachium of superior colliculus

Lateral ventricle Medial geniculate nucleus

Hippocampal formation: Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Dentate gyrus Molecular layer

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Pyramidal cell layer Polymorph layer Hippocampal neuroepithelium

Zona incerta

Fimbria

Choroid plexus Subgeniculate nucleus

Optic tract

Hippocampus and Thalamus

0.5 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 19

351

352 ;kZ\abnfh_lni^kbhk\heeb\nenl Subcommissural organ

Posterior commissure

Periaqueductal gray

Superior colliculus

?Zl\b\nenlk^mkh_e^qnl

Gn\e^nlh_ihlm^kbhk\hffbllnk^

;kZ\abnfh_lni^kbhk\heeb\nenl

Aqueduct

Mammillotegmental tract

Gn\e^nlh_=Zkdl\a^pbml\a

Subiculum

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Visual cortex

Medial geniculate nucleus Posterior thalamic nucleus

Dentate gyrus

IZkZ_Zl\b\neZkgn\e^nl

Medial lemniscus

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Hippocampus

Zona incerta, dorsal part

Auditory cortex

Zona incerta, ventral part

Lateral ventricle, posterior horn ?hk^el_b^e] Fimbria Ln[iZkZ_Zl\b\neZkmaZeZfb\gn\e^nl Entorhinal cortex

Subthalamic nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Premammillary nucleus

Nigrostriatal bundle

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Mammillothalamic tract Fornix

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Third ventricle

F^]bZe_hk^[kZbg[ng]e^ Posterior hypothalamic area

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Median eminence

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 20

353

354

Commissure of superior colliculus

Subcommissural organ Superior colliculus

Brachium of superior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray

Aqueduct

Posterior pretectal nucleus

Reticular formation, midbrain

Anterior pretectal nucleus Fasciculus retroflexus

Superior cerebellar peduncle Subiculum

Medial geniculate nucleus Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus

Hippocampus

Dentate gyrus

Zona incerta

Medial lemniscus

Cerebral peduncle

Nigrostriatal bundle

Entorhinal cortex

Parasubthalamic nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract

Mammillothalamic tract

Medial forebrain bundle Fornix

Supramammillary nucleus

Posterior hypothalamic area Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Premammillary nucleus Third ventricle

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 21

355

356 Commissure of superior colliculus Aqueduct

Brachium of superior colliculus

Superior colliculus Periaqueductal gray Medial longitudinal fasciculus Reticular formation, midbrain Ventral tegmental area (A10) Interstitial nucleus

Medial lemniscus Red nucleus Substantia nigra (A9) Fasciculus retroflexus

Entorhinal cortex Mammillotegmental tract Cerebral peduncle

Medial forebrain bundle Supramammillary decussation Principal mammallary tract (mammillothalamic + mammillotegmental tracts)

Lateral hypothalamus, peduncular part

Medial mammillary nucleus

Lateral mammillary nucleus

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Fornix Premammillary nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 22

357

358

Commissure of superior colliculus

Aqueduct Superior colliculus

Brachium of superior colliculus Periaqueductal gray

Interstitial nucleus

Reticular formation, midbrain

Medial accessory oculomotor nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Red nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract Medial lemniscus Substantia nigra (A9) Cerebral peduncle Entorhinal cortex Fasciculus retroflexus Ventral tegmental area (A10) Mammillary peduncle Interpeduncular fossa

Lateral mammillary nucleus

Fornix

Principal mammillary tract (mammillothalamic + mammillotegmental tracts)

Medial mammillary nucleus

Mammillary recess

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 23

359

360 Commissure of superior colliculus

Aqueduct

Brachium of superior colliculus

Superior colliculus

Oculomotor nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Brachium of inferior colliculus Periaqueductal gray Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Inferior colliculus

Reticular formation, midbrain

Lateral lemniscus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Red nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract Medial lemniscus

Substantia nigra (A9)

Cerebral peduncle

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Pyramidal tract

Fasciculus retroflexus

Middle cerebellar peduncle Interpeduncular fossa Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus Lateral lemniscus Longitudinal fasciculus of pons Precerebellar migration Pontine nuclei Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 24

361

362 Aqueduct

Periaqueductal gray Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Commissure of superior colliculus

Superior colliculus

Brachium of superior colliculus

Nucleus of inferior colliculus Oculomotor nucleus Brachium of inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus Red nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus Microcellular tegmental nucleus

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Lateral lemniscus Fasciculus retroflexus Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus Interpeduncular nucleus

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Interpeduncular fossa Reticular formation, pons Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5) Precerebellar migration Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Superior olive Medial lemniscus

Pontine nuclei Pyramidal tract

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 25

363

364 Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7) Aqueduct

Periaqueductal gray

Superior colliculus

Brachium of superior colliculus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Commissure of superior colliculus

Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Inferior colliculus

Microcellular tegmental nucleus

Trochlear nucleus

Lateral lemniscus

Ventral tegmental area (A10) Reticular formation, midbrain Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus Tectospinal tract Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5) Reticular formation, pons

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Trigeminal motor nucleus

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Trapezoid body Precerebellar migration Facial nerve (VII ) Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Superior olive Reticulotegmental nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Nucleus of trapezoid body

Basilar artery Pyramidal tract

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 26

365

366 Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7)

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Superior colliculus

Aqueduct

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray

Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Reticular formation, midbrain

Inferior colliculus

Lateral lemniscus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Parabrachial nucleus Microcellular tegmental nucleus Middle cerebellar peduncle

Tectospinal tract

Precerebellar migration

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus Locus coeruleus (A6)

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Pontine flexure

External germinal layer (cerebellum)

Fourth ventricle

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Superior vestibular nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Facial nerve (VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Facial nerve (VII), genu

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Abducens nucleus

Ventricular zone

Facial nucleus

Reticular formation, pons Parapyamidal reticular nucleus

Medial lemniscus Pyramidal tract Basilar artery

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 27

367

368 Ventricular zone, superior colliculus Aqueduct

Superior colliculus Ventricular zone, inferior colliculus

Ventricular zone, cerebellum

Inferior colliculus

Cerebellum:

Fourth ventricle

Hook bundle Vermis Paravermis

Sulcus limitans

Interposed nucleus External germinal layer Molecular layer

Ventricular zone, precerebellar nuclei (precerebellar neuroepithelium)

Purkinje cell layer Lateral hemisphere Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Germinal trigone

Choroid plexus Dorsal cochlear nucleus Inferior vestibular nucleus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Ventral cochlear nucleus Precerebellar migration

Lateral vestibular nucleus Solitary tract

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)/lateral tract

Solitary tract nucleus Reticular formation, pons

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Facial nucleus Pyramidal tract Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus Medial lemniscus

Parapyramidal reticular nucleus Basilar artery

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 28

369

370 Aqueduct Ventricular zone, inferior colliculus

Cerebellum: Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Vermis Superior medullary velum

Paravermis Ventricular zone

Choroid plexus

Interposed nucleus External germinal layer Medial vestibular nucleus Purkinje cell layer Lateral hemisphere

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Germinal trigone Precerebellar migration Fourth ventricle

Solitary tract

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Solitary tract nucleus Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Vagus nerve (X)

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Intermediate reticular nucleus

Reticular formation, medulla Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Pyramidal tract

Ambiguus nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Sulcus limitans

Medial lemniscus Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Inferior olive Basilar artery

Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

1.0 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 29

371

372

Fourth ventricle

Gracile nucleus Cuneate nucleus

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus

Cuneate fasciculus Inferior cerebellar peduncle Solitary tract

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Solitary tract nucleus

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Ambiguus nucleus

Hypoglossal nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Reticular formation, medulla

Lateral reticular nucleus

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Tectospinal tract

Inferior olive Pyramidal tract

0.5 mm

GD 16 CORONAL 30

373

HP denotes image enlargement

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + 8HP 9 10 11 12 + 13HP 14 15 16 17

GESTATIONAL DAY 16 (GD 16) HORIZONTAL SECTIONS

375

376

Posterior commissure Subcommissure organ

Pretectum

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Somatosensory cortex

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

Motor cortex

Inferior colliculus

Cingulate cortex

Pineal gland

Aqueduct

Marginal zone Periaqueductal gray

Cortical plate Intermediate zone + white matter

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Ventricular + subventricle zones Tectum

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V) Superior colliculus

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 1

377

378

Retrosplenial cortex Visual cortex Pretectum

Precommissural nucleus Superior colliculus Tectum

Somatosensory cortex

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V)

Posterior commissure

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Motor cortex

Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculus

Cingulate cortex

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Pineal gland

Oculomotor nucleus Brachium of superior colliculus Aqueduct Marginal zone

Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Cortical plate

Periaqueductal gray

Intermediate zone + white matter

Central tegmental tract

Ventricular + subventricular zones

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Lateral ventricle

Subcommissural organ

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 2

379

380

Visual cortex

Optic tract Retrosplenial cortex

Nucleus of optic tract

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Parabigeminal nucleus

Cortical plate

Microcellular tegmental nucleus

Medial pretectal nucleus

Lateral lemniscus

Motor cortex

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7) Posterior commissure

Inferior colliculus

Subcommissural organ

Aqueduct

Cerebellum:

Cingulate cortex

Vermis Purkinje cell layer

Pineal gland

Paravermis External germinal layer

Third ventricle

Molecular layer Lateral hemisphere

Periaqueductal gray Lateral ventricle

Somatosensory cortex

Paracollicular tegmentum

Nucleus of Darkschewitsch

Trochlear nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 3

381

382 Marginal zone Retrosplenial cortex Cortical plate

Lithoid nucleus

Intermediate zone + white matter

Red nucleus

Ventricular + subventricular zones Lateral parabrachial nucleus Optic tract

Cerebellum: Nucleus of optic tract

Lateral hemisphere Middle peduncle

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Purkinje cell layer Migrating neurons

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Dentate (lateral) nucleus Superior peduncle

Choroid plexus

Paravermis Interposed nucleus

Medial pretectal nucleus

Molecular layer External germinal layer

Pineal gland

Vermis Inferior peduncle

Habenular commissure Pineal recess

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7) Periaqueductal gray

Posterior commissure

Dorsal tegmental nucleus Subcommissural organ

Locus coeruleus (A6) Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Third ventricle

Lateral lemniscus Precommissural nucleus

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Anterior pretectal nucleus Nucleus of Darkschewitsch

Substantia nigra (A9) Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 4

383

384 Dentate gyrus Optic tract

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer Fasciculus retroflexus Substantia nigra (A9)

Somatosensory cortex

Cerebral peduncle

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Periaqueductal gray

Cortical plate

Parabrachial nucleus

Choroid plexus

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Ventricular + subventricular zones

Locus coeruleus (A6) Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Lateral ventricle

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5) Stria medullaris

Fourth ventricle Precerebellar migration

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Interpeduncular nucleus Habenular recess Dorsal tegmental nucleus

Cerebellum:

Choroid plexus

Paravermis Superior cerebellar peduncle

Medial habenular nucleus

Lateral hemisphere Middle cerebellar peduncle

Lateral habenular nucleus

Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

External germinal layer Interstitial nucleus Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Lateral lemniscus Posterior thalamic nucleus Medial lemniscus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 5

385

386 Posterior thalamic nucleus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Substantia nigra (A9) Cerebral peduncle

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Parabrachial nucleus

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Cortical plate

Interpeduncular nucleus

Subplate

Precerebellar migration

Ventricular + subventricular zones

Locus coeruleus (A6)

Choroid plexus

Interpeduncular fossa

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Choroid plexus Fourth ventricle

Lateral ventricle

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5/B8)

Habenular recess

Dorsal tegmental nucleus Medial habenular nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract

Stria medullaris

Cerebellum: Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Interposed nucleus Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Lateral habenular nucleus

Lateral hemisphere Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Third ventricle

Purkinje cell layer

Fasciculus retroflexus

External germinal layer

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Lateral lemniscus

Somatosensory cortex

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Medial geniculate nucleus Interfascicular nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 6

387

388 External medullary lamina

Hippocampal neuroepithelium Lateral lemniscus

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Caudate-putamen

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Third ventricle Dorsal cochlear nucleus Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Superior vestibular nucleus

Fimbria

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Dentate gyrus

Solitary tract

Ventricular + subventricular zones

Solitary tract nucleus

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Choroid plexus

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Fourth ventricle Dorsal funiculus

Habenular recess

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Medial habenular nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Lateral habenular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Stria medullaris Principal mammillary tract (mammillotegmental + mammillothalamic tracts)

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus

Germinal trigone

Reticular thalamic nucleus Fornix

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Optic tract Medial lemniscus

Zona incerta

Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 7

389

390 Marginal zone with Cajal-Retzius cells

Pia mater

Cortical plate

Subplate

Intermediate zone + white matter

Mitotic cells Ventricular + subventricular zones (cortical neuroepithelium)

Lateral ventricle

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Cortex

0.5 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 8

391

392

Cerebral peduncle Reticular thalamic nucleus

Entorhinal cortex Hippocampus

Globus pallidus

Zona incerta

Internal capsule Somatosensory cortex

Superior cerebellar peduncle Lateral lemniscus

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Caudate-putamen

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Posterior hypothalamic area

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Cortical plate

Reticular formation, pons

Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus

Paramedian raphe nucleus

Motor cortex

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Fimbria Solitary tract

Hippocampus

Solitary tract nucleus

Central medial thalamic nucleus

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Retrosplenial cortex

Dorsal funiculus

Habenular recess

Hypoglossal nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

Fourth ventricle

Lateral habenular nucleus Stria medullaris

Superior vestibular nucleus

Third ventricle

Medulla

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Vestibular neuropeithelium

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus Lateral vestibular nucleus External medullary lamina

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Fornix

Lateral lemniscus

Substantia nigra (A9) Laternal ventricle, posterior horn

Supramammillary nucleus

Mammillotegmental + mammillothalamic tracts

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 9

393

394

Optic tract Zona incerta, ventral part

Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus

Subfascicular thalamic nucleus

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Hippocampus

Extreme capsule

Principal mammillary tract (mammillothalamic + mammillotegmental tracts)

Globus pallidus

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Internal capsule

Lateral lemniscus

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Ventral cochlear nucleus Reticular thalamic nucleus

Precerebellar migration

Caudate-putamen

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus Medial lemniscus

Cortical plate

Fourth ventricle

Choroid plexus

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Anterior medial thalamic nucleus

Central canal

Fimbria

Dorsal funiculus

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Spinal cord

Subfornical organ

Hypoglossal nucleus

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Ventricular + subventricular zones Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Solitary tract Solitary tract nucleus

Stria medullaris

Medulla

Reuniens thalamic nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus

Anterior ventral thalamic nucleus External medullary lamina

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Somatosensory cortex

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Posterior hypothalamic area

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Medial lemniscus Cerebral peduncle

Reticular formation, pons

Subthalamic nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Nigrostriatal bundle

Medial mammillary nucleus

Parasubthalamic nucleus Entorhinal cortex

Lateral hypothalamic area

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 10

395

396

Cerebral peduncle Optic tract

Principal mammillary tract (mammillotegmental + mammillothalamic tracts)

Stria terminalis

Fornix

Internal capsule

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Stria terminalis

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Caudate-putamen

Pyramidal tract

Stria medullaris

Medial lemniscus

Medial ganglionic eminence (pallidal neuroepithelium)

Abducens nucleus Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Cortical neuroepithelium Interventricular foramen

Spinal cord: Accessory nucleus

Corpus callosum, genu

Dorsal funiculus Central canal

Ventral hippocampal commissure

Dorsal horn Substantia gelatinosa

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus Lateral septal nucleus

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Anterior medial thalamic nucleus

Precerebellar migration

Mammillothalamic tract

Floor of fourth ventricle

Third ventricle

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Facial nerve (VII )

Globus pallidus

Pontine nuclei

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Mammillary recess

Medial mammillary nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 11

397

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus

398 Medial amygdaloid nucleus Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Fornix

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Precerebellar migration Piriform cortex

Premammillary nucleus

External capsule

Pontine nuclei

Caudate-putamen

Medial lemniscus

Internal capsule

Reticulotegmental nucleus Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Stria terminalis Ventricular + subventricular zones

Inferior olive Pyramidal tract

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Spinal cord: Dorsal horn

Anterodorsal hypothalamic nucleus

Central canal Dorsal funiculus

Fornix, columns

Ventral funiculus Ventral horn

Medial septal nucleus

Substantia gelatinosa Lateral funiculus

Third ventricle

Medulla

Lateral septal nucleus

Ambiguus nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Median preoptic nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Stria medullaris

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Mammillary recess

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Nucleus of trapezoid body Medial mammillary nucleus

Nucleus of stria medullaris Optic tract

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 12

399

400

Dorsal funiculus

Gracile fasciculus Cuneate fasciculus Substantia gelatinosa

Dorsal horn Nucleus proprius

Intermediate gray

Intermediate horn

Central canal

Lateral funiculus

Neuroepithelium Ventral gray

Ventral horn

Medial motor column

Ventral funiculus

Inferior olive

Pyramidal tract

Medulla

Cervical Spinal Cord

Note: Rotated 90° counterclockwise to present as coronal section

0.5 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 13

401

402 Cortical amygdaloid nucleus Lateral olfactory tract

Piriform cortex Optic tract Precerebellar migration

Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Pontine nuclei Facial nucleus, lateral part

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Facial nucleus, medial part Reticulotegmental nucleus

Accumbens nucleus

Inferior olive

Spinal cord:

Lateral septal nucleus

Lateral funiculus Intermediate gray Medial septal nucleus

Ventral horn Ventral funiculus

Anterior commissure

Dorsal horn

Olfactory ventricle

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Third ventricle

Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1) Longitudinal fasciculus of pons

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Superior olive

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Mammillary recess Medial preoptic nucleus

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Anteroventral hypothalamic nucleus Fornix

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 14

403

404

Optic tract Lateral olfactory tract

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Arcuate nucleus Lateral septal nucleus Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

Medial septal nucleus

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Ventral horn, motor nucleus

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Facial nucleus, medial part (migrating)

Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle

Facial nucleus, lateral part

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Superior olive Piriform cortex Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Medial preoptic nucleus Lateral preoptic area

Lateral olfactory tract

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 15

405

406

Accumbens nucleus Anterior olfactory nucleus

Ventral pallidum Medial forebrain bundle

Olfactory bulb

Optic tract

Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Olfactory ventricle

Arcuate nucleus

Mitral cell layer

Infundibular recess

Olfactory nerve (I)

Spinal cord

Ventricular zone, olfactory ventricle Tuberoinfundibular tract

Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle

Third ventricle

Anterior commissure, anterior part Piriform cortex

Medial tuberal nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Medial preoptic area

Olfactory tubercle

Lateral olfactory tract Lateral preoptic area

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 16

407

408

Lateral olfactory tract

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Optic chiasm

Olfactory ventricle Infundibulum Olfactory bulb

Spinal cord: Dorsal horn

Olfactory nerve layer

Intermediate gray Ventral horn Mitral cell layer

Third ventricle

Optic tract

Lateral olfactory tract Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

1.0 mm

GD 16 HORIZONTAL 17

409

HP denotes image enlargement

17 15 + 16HP 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 6HP + 7 5 4 3 2 1

GESTATIONAL DAY 18 (GD 18) SAGITTAL SECTIONS

411

412

Somatosensory cortex

External capsule Lateral migratory stream Insular cortex

Hippocampus, oriens layer

Alveus

Entorhinal cortex

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract Piriform cortex

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 1

413

414

Lateral ventricle

Visual cortex

Corpus callosum

Alveus Hippocampus, oriens layer

Cortical plate

Entorhinal cortex

Somatosensory cortex

Cerebellum:

Internal capsule

Lateral hemisphere External germinal layer

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Germinal trigone

Claustrum

Choroid plexus, fourth ventricle

Insular cortex

Cochlear neuroepithelium Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Piriform cortex

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Caudate-putamen

Spinal trigeminal tract (V) Anterior commissure, posterior part Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Lateral olfactory tract

Amygdala: Amygdalohippocampal area Cortical nucleus Basomedial nucleus Central nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 2

415

416 Visual cortex Corpus callosum Hippocampus, lacunosum-moleculare layer

Corpus callosum, posterior forceps

Pyramidal cell layer

Subiculum

Lateral ventricle

Entorhinal cortex

Cerebellum:

Somatosensory cortex

External germinal layer Cortical plate

Purkinje cell layer Middle cerebellar peduncle

Internal capsule

Molecular layer

Globus pallidus

Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Caudate-putamen

Germinal trigone

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Choroid plexus, fourth ventricle

Insular cortex Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Claustrum

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Lateral olfactory tract

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VII )

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Piriform cortex Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Olfactory tubercle

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Anterior amygdaloid area Central amygdaloid nucleus

Facial nerve (VII )

Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Stria terminalis

Amygdalohippocampal area

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus Lateral olfactory tract

Stria terminalis Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 3

417

418 Visual cortex Subiculum Hippocampus:

Corpus callosum Corpus callosum, posterior forceps

Lacunosum-moleculare layer Entorhinal cortex

Pyramidal cell layer Oriens layer Alveus

Cerebellum:

Somatosensory cortex

Lateral hemisphere

Choroid plexus, lateral ventricle

External germinal layer

Internal capsule

Middle cerebellar peduncle Purkinje cell layer

Caudate-putamen

Dentate (lateral) nucleus

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Molecular layer Germinal trigone

Globus pallidus Claustrum

Choroid plexus, fourth ventricle

Insular cortex

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Piriform cortex

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Anterior commissure, posterior part Facial nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Precerebellar migration

Substantia innominata

Facial nerve (VII)

Anterior amygdaloid area

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Amygdalohippocampal area

Stria terminalis Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus

Medial amygdaloid nucleus

Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract Lateral olfactory tract

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 4

419

420 Hippocampal formation: Ventral part, pyramidal cell layer

Corpus callosum, posterior forceps

Dentate gyrus

Visual cortex

Alveus

Cerebellum:

Dorsal part, pyramidal cell layer

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Fimbria

Superior cerebellar peduncle External germinal layer

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Purkinje cell layer Interposed nucleus

Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle

Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Stria terminalis Somatosensory cortex

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Internal capsule

Medial vestibular nucleus

Caudate-putamen

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Insular cortex

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Claustrum

Spinal cord:

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Dorsal horn Lateral horn

Lateral olfactory tract

Lateral funiculus

Piriform cortex

Ventral funiculus

Globus pallidus

Solitary tract nucleus

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Solitary tract

Accumbens nucleus

Parvocellular reticular nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Facial nucleus

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Substantia innominata

Superior olive

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Precerebellar migration Optic tract

Lateral ventricle

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 5

421

422 Hippocampus: Pyramidal cell layer, CA1 Radiatum layer

Somatosensory cortex, intermediate zone

Alveus CA2 Lacunosum-moleculare layer

Lateral migratory stream

Oriens layer CA3

Caudate-putamen Dentate gyrus, granular layer Hippocampal fissure Brachium of superior colliculus

Choroidal fissure Ependyma

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Fimbria Subfornical organ

Optic tract

Internal capsule

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Stria terminalis Stria terminalis, commissural part

External medullary lamina Reticular thalamic nucleus Cerebral peduncle

Hippocampus, Thalamus and Internal Capsule

0.5 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 6

423

424

Hippocampal fissure Brachium of inferior colliculus

Subiculum Alveus

Inferior colliculus

Hippocampus, dorsal part

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Dentate gyrus, dorsal part

Lateral lemniscus

Thalamus: Medial geniculate nucleus

Parabrachial nucleus

Brachium of superior colliculus

Cerebellum:

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

External germinal layer

Lateral dorsal nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Purkinje cell layer

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus

Interposed nucleus

Corpus callosum

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Locus coeruleus (A6)

Stria terminalis

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Internal capsule Caudate-putamen Globus pallidus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle Solitary tract

Insular cortex

Solitary tract nucleus

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Rhinal fissure

Reticular formation, medulla

Anterior commissure, posterior part Lateral olfactory tract

Reticular formation, pons

Spinal cord:

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Dorsal horn

Accumbens nucleus

Lateral horn Ventral funiculus

Olfactory tubercle

Inferior olive

External medullary lamina

Pyramidal tract Facial nucleus

Lateral preoptic area

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Substantia innominata

Superior olive

Entopeduncular nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Optic tract

Precerebellar migration

Lateral hypothalamic area Cerebral peduncle

Dentate gyrus, ventral part

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 7

425

Corpus callosum, posterior forceps

426

Substantia nigra (A9) Brachium of inferior colliculus Superior colliculus

Subparafascicular nucleus Medial geniculate nucleus

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Ventral posterior lateral + medial nuclei Brachium of superior colliculus

Thalamus:

Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Parabrachial nucleus

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Cerebellum:

Medial lemniscus Lateral dorsal nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

External medullary lamina

External germinal layer

Zona incerta

Purkinje cell layer

Reticular nucleus

Interposed nucleus Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Stria terminalis

Locus coeruleus (A6) Medial vestibular nucleus

Internal capsule

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Caudate-putamen

Cuneate nucleus

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Cuneate fasciculus Solitary tract

Substantia innominata

Solitary tract nucleus Reticular formation, medulla

Ventral pallidum Anterior commissure

Spinal cord: Dorsal horn

Lateral olfactory tract

Intermediate gray

Mitral cell layer of olfactory bulb

Ventral horn with motor neurons Pyramidal tract

Anterior commissure, anterior part Anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part

Inferior olive Medial lemniscus

Accumbens nucleus

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Facial nerve (VII)

Lateral preoptic area

Reticular formation, pons Superior olive

Subthalamic nucleus

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Parasubthalamic nucleus Optic tract Lateral hypothalamic area Terete hypothalamic nucleus Medial tuberal nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle Pontine nuclei Cerebral peduncle Lateral mammillary nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 8

427

428

Thalamus: Zona incerta

External medullary lamina

Lateral posterior nucleus

Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial nuclei Brachium of superior colliculus

External medullary lamina

Medial lemniscus

Lateral dorsal nucleus

Posterior nucleus Medial geniculate nucleus

Reticular nucleus

Midbrain: Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Nucleus of inferior colliculus Microcellular tegmental nucleus Substantia nigra (A9) Medial lemniscus

Stria medullaris

Cerebral peduncle

Cerebellum:

Subventricular zone, lateral ventricle

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Stria terminalis

Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Purkinje cell layer

Caudate-putamen

Medulla:

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Medial vestibular nucleus Gracile nucleus Solitary tract

Anterior commissure, anterior part Accessory olfactory bulb

Solitary tract nucleus Abducens nucleus Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Olfactory bulb:

Hypoglossal nucleus Gigantocellular nucleus Inferior olive, left Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) Inferior olive, right

Granule cell layer Internal plexiform layer Mitral cell layer External plexiform layer Glomerular layer Olfactory nerve layer

Spinal cord: Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part Accumbens nucleus

Gracile fasciculus Dorsal horn Central canal + ventricular zone Motor neurons

Olfactory tubercle Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band Medial forebrain bundle

Ventral funiculus

Pons:

Lateral preoptic area Optic nerve ( II )

Medial mammillary nucleus

Anterior area

Pontine reticular nucleus

Principal mammillary tract

Optic chiasm

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Medial tuberal nucleus

Paraventricular nucleus

Longitudinal fasciculus of pons

Premammillary nucleus

Ventral medial nucleus

Pontine nuclei

Supramammillary nucleus

Hypothalamus:

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 9

429

430

Thalamus: Posterior pretectal nucleus Ventral posterior medial nucleus

Lateral posterior nucleus

Lateral dorsal nucleus

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle + medial lemniscus

Zona incerta

Superior colliculus Commissure of superior colliculus

Posterior nucleus

Ventral lateral nucleus

Midbrain:

Red nucleus

External medullary lamina

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Anterior nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Reticular nucleus

Dorsal tegmental nucleus Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Motor cortex

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Corpus callosum

Medial lemniscus

Lateral septal nucleus Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Cerebellum: Superior cerebellar peduncle Fastigial (medial) nucleus

Striatal neuroepithelium

Purkinje cell layer

Septal neuroepithelium

Choroid plexus, fourth ventricle

Anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part

Medulla:

Accessory olfactory bulb

Gracile nucleus Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

Olfactory bulb:

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Olfactory neuroepithelium Olfactory ventricle

Gracile fasciculus

Granule cell layer

Hypoglossal nucleus

Mitral cell layer

Accessory nucleus Gigantocellular nucleus

Stria medullaris

Inferior olive

Stria terminalis Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part Anterior commissure

Pons: Precerebellar neuroepithelium

Accumbens nucleus

Glial palisades

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Fornix, postcommissural Medial preoptic area

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Supramammillary nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Medial mammillary nucleus

Pontine reticular nucleus

Anteroventral nucleus

Third ventricle, mammillary recess

Reticulotegmental nucleus

Anterodorsal nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract

Pontine nuclei

Optic chiasm

Optic tract

Median eminence

Mammillothalamic tract

Dorsomedial nucleus

Arcuate nucleus

Ventromedial nucleus

Hypothalamus:

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 10

431

432

Corpus callosum, splenium Pretectum

Posterior nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Fasciculus retroflexus

Thalamus:

Superior colliculus Medial longitudinal fasciculus Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Mediodorsal nucleus Parafascicular nucleus

Midbrain:

Red nucleus

Central medial nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Ventral medial nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Stria medullaris

White layer of superior colliculus

Anteromedial nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract Medial lemniscus

Paratenial nucleus

Dorsal raphe nucleus (B6) Inferior colliculus

Hippocampal formation:

Interpeduncular nucleus

Alveus

Dorsal tegmental nucleus

Pyramidal cell layer Dentate gyrus

Cerebellum:

Ventral commissure

Purkinje cell layer External germinal layer

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Molecular layer

Striatal neuroepithelium

Olfactory bulb:

Choroid plexus, fourth ventricle

Olfactory nerve layer

Solitary tract

External plexiform layer

Solitary tract nucleus

Mitral cell layer

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Olfactory ventricle

Gigantocellular nucleus

Granule cell layer

Pyramidal tract

Medial septal nucleus

Pons:

Fornix Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Anterior commissure Fornix, postcommissural

Pontine neuroepithelium Optic recess Suprachiasmatic nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Optic chiasm Anterodorsal nucleus

Medial mammillary nucleus

Pontine reticular nucleus

Fornix

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Mammillotegmental tract

Reticulotegmental nucleus

Arcuate nucleus

Pontine nuclei

Posterior area

Nucleus of trapezoid body

Third ventricle

Anteroventral nucleus

Ventromedial nucleus

Optic tract

Dorsomedial nucleus

Hypothalamus:

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 11

433

434

Thalamus: Stria medullaris

Reuniens nucleus

Lateral habenular nucleus

Mediodorsal nucleus

Red nucleus

Nucleus of optic tract

Central medial nucleus Paraventricular nucleus

Parafascicular nucleus Fasciculus retroflexus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Superior colliculus Medial longitudinal fasciculus White layer of superior colliculus

Alveus

Midbrain:

Periaqueductal gray Trochlear nucleus

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Aqueduct Cingulate cortex

Inferior colliculus Mammillotegmental tract

Cortical neuroepithelium

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Dentate gyrus

Interpeduncular nucleus

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Cerebellum:

Ventral hippocampal commissure

Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer

White matter

External germinal layer

Fornix

Precerebellar migration

Olfactory bulb: Granule cell layer

Medulla:

Mitral cell layer

Cuneate fasciculus

External plexiform layer

Cuneate nucleus

Glomerular layer

Spinal trigeminal nucleus Reticular formation

Medial septal nucleus

Gigantocellular nucleus

Anterior commissure Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Third ventricle

Pons: Facial nerve (VII), genu

Median preoptic nucleus Medial preoptic area

Abducens nucleus Optic nerve ( II )

Reticular formation

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Facial nucleus

Fornix, postcommissural Medial mammillary nucleus

Paraventricular nucleus

Premammillary area

Optic chiasm Ventromedial nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus

Posterior nucleus

Hypothalamus:

Arcuate nucleus

Nucleus of trapezoid body Longitudinal fasciculus of pons Pyramidal tract Pontine nuclei

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 12

435

Central medial thalamic nucleus

436

Ventricular zone, third ventricle

Pretectum Retrosplenial cortex

Red nucleus

Midbrain:

White layer of superior colliculus

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Aqueduct Superior colliculus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Oculomotor nucleus

Lateral habenular nucleus

Periaqueductal gray Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Motor cortex

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

Stria medullaris

Ventral tegmental area Interpeduncular nucleus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Inferior colliculus

Cingulate cortex

Cerebellum:

Medial habenular nucleus

Molecular layer

Corpus callosum, genu

Superior cerebellar peduncle External germinal layer

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus Ventral hippocampal commissure Lateral ventricle

Purkinje cell layer

Choroid plexus, fourth ventricle

Septofimbrial nucleus

Cuneate nucleus

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus Fornix, column

Cuneate fasciculus Solitary tract Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Rhinal fissure

Solitary tract nucleus

Right olfactory bulb

Medial vestibular nucleus

Left olfactory bulb

Abducens nucleus

Olfactory nerve layer

Ambiguus nucleus

Anterior commissure Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Pons:

Fornix, postcommissural Medial preoptic area Optic nerve ( II )

Anterior area

Facial nucleus

Optic chiasm

Medial mammillary nucleus

Posterior area

Supramammillary nucleus

Mammillothalamic tract

Fornix

Medial tuberal nucleus

Mammillotegmental tract

Hypothalamus:

Middle cerebellar peduncle Superior olive Pyramidal tract Pontine nuclei

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 13

437

438

Third ventricle Precommissural nucleus

Posterior commissure Commissure of superior colliculus

Pretectum

Superior colliculus

Retrosplenial cortex

Nucleus of Darkschewitsch White layer of superior colliculus

Stria medullaris

Epithalamus:

Midbrain:

Oculomotor nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Habenular commissure

Dorsal raphe nucleus (B7)

Paraventricular nucleus

Periaqueductal gray Trochlear nucleus Dorsal tegmental nucleus

Cingulate cortex

Interpeduncular nucleus

Choroid plexus, third ventricle

Thalamus:

Inferior colliculus

Cerebellum:

Mediodorsal nucleus ?hk^el_b^e]

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Ventral medial nucleus

Interposed nucleus

Anteromedial nucleus

External germinal layer Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer

Ventral hippocampal commissure Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle

Medulla: Cuneate nucleus

Lateral septal nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus Solitary tract nucleus Solitary tract

Olfactory bulb, right:

Fasciculus retroflexus

Glomerular layer Mitral cell layer

Pons:

External plexiform layer

Abducens nucleus Accumbens nucleus Anterior commissure Medial preoptic area

Hypothalamus:

Facial nerve (VII)

Medial mammillary nucleus

Facial nucleus

Dorsomedial nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Mammillothalamic tract Paraventricular nucleus Optic tract Optic chiasm Fornix, postcommissural

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 14

439

440

Pineal gland Fasciculus retroflexus Pineal recess, third ventricle

Epithalamus:

Lateral habenular nucleus Habenular commissure Medial habenular nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Choroid plexus, third ventricle

Midbrain: Posterior commissure Superior colliculus, right Aqueduct White layer of superior colliculus Superior colliculus, left Medial longitudinal fasciculus Red nucleus

Cingulate cortex, left

Substantia nigra (A9) Parafascicular nucleus

Thalamus:

Inferior colliculus

Mediodorsal nucleus Central medial nucleus

Cerebellum:

Ventral medial nucleus Anteromedial nucleus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Mammillothalamic tract

Molecular layer Purkinje cell layer

Corpus callosum, genu

Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Ventral hippocampal commissure

External germinal layer

Cingulate cortex, right

Olfactory bulb, right:

Medulla:

Glomerular layer

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus

External plexiform layer

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Mitral cell layer

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Granule cell layer

Medial vestibular nucleus

Internal plexiform layer

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Olfactory nerve layer

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral septal nucleus

Pons:

Anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Accumbens nucleus

Locus coeruleus (A6)

Fornix, precommissural

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Anterior commissure Fornix, postcommissural

Hypothalamus:

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Stria medullaris

Lateral lemniscus

Medial preoptic area

Precerebellar migration

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Zona incerta Optic chiasm Optic tract Medial mammillary nucleus

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus Cerebral peduncle

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 15

441

442 White layer of superior colliculus

Superior colliculus

Pineal gland

Pineal recess

Habenular commissure Stria medullaris

Aqueduct Habenular commissure

Posterior commissure

Precommissural nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

Dorsal tegmental bundle

Subfornical organ Stria medullaris Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Blood vessel Corpus callosum, splenium

Fasciculus retroflexus

Ventral hippocampal commissure

Aqueduct

Posterior commissure

Subcommissural organ

Corpus callosum, splenium

Superior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray

Pineal gland

Cingulate cortex

Choroid plexus

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Brachium of superior colliculus

Lateral habenular nucleus

Parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus Reticular thalamic nucleus

Anterior commissure Fornix, postcommissural

Precommissural nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Lateral habenular nucleus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Ventral hippocampal commissure Medial lemniscus

Zona incerta

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Fornix, precommissural

Mammillothalamic tract

Anterior commissure

Midline forebrain structures

Dorsal tegmental bundle

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Mammillothalamic tract Zona Reticular thalamic incerta nucleus

Fornix, postcommissural

Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus

Medial lemniscus

0.5 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 16

443

Fasciculus retroflexus Pineal gland

Epithalamus + thalamus:

Habenular commissure Medial habenular nucleus

444

Mediodorsal nucleus Ventral medial nucleus Ventral posterior medial nucleus

Superior colliculus, right Brachium of superior colliculus Posterior commissure

Stria medullaris

Midbrain:

Aqueduct

Lateral habenular nucleus

Superior colliculus, left

Mammillothalamic tract

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Ventral lateral nucleus

White layer of superior colliculus

Reticular nucleus

Red nucleus Periaqueductal gray Substantia nigra (A9)

Corpus callosum, splenium

Inferior colliculus

Stria medullaris

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Ventral hippocampal commissure Lateral septal nucleus

Cerebellum:

Stria terminalis

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Medial septal nucleus

Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Corpus callosum, genu

Purkinje cell layer

Lateral migratory stream

External germinal layer

Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle

Molecular layer

Anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part

Locus coeruleus (A6) Dorsal cochlear nucleus Precerebellar neuroepithelium

Olfactory bulb: Glomerular layer Mitral cell layer

Medulla:

Olfactory ventricle

Spinal trigeminal tract

Ventricular zone, olfactory ventricle

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus

Internal plexiform layer

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Olfactory nerve layer

Lateral vestibular nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part Anterior commissure, anterior part

Pons:

Accumbens nucleus Anterior commissure

Hypothalamus:

Olfactory tubercle Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band Medial preoptic area

Subthalamic nucleus Median eminence Medial forebrain bundle Optic chiasm Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Trigeminal motor nucleus Lateral lemniscus Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

1.0 mm

GD 18 SAGITTAL 17

445

HP denotes image enlargement

26

25 24

23

22 21

20

19 18

17 16

15 14

13 12

11 P 10 9H +

8

7

6

5

4

3 P H 1B + 2

1A

GESTATIONAL DAY 18 (GD 18) CORONAL SECTIONS

447

448

Olfactory bulb: Glomerular layer Olfactory ventricle

External plexiform layer Mitral cell layer Internal plexiform layer Granule cell layer

Ventricular zone

Subventricular zone

Olfactory nerve layer

GD 18 CORONAL 1A

Accessory olfactory bulb: Glomerular layer Frontopolar cortex

Vomeronasal nerve Mitral cell layer Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Olfactory bulb:

Subventricular zone

Granule cell layer Internal plexiform layer Olfactory ventricle

Mitral cell layer External plexiform layer

Olfactory nerve layer

Glomerular layer Olfactory nerve ( I )

GD 18 CORONAL 1B

GD 18 CORONAL 1A

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 1B

449

450

Olfactory ventricle

Olfactory neuroepithelium: Ventricular zone Subventricular zone

Olfactory bulb: Granule cell layer Internal plexiform layer

Olfactory nerve ( I )

Mitral cell layer External plexiform layer Glomerular layer

Olfactory nerve layer

Olfactory Bulb

0.5 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 2

451

452

Medial orbital cortex

Longitudinal cerebral fissure Cortical plate

Frontopolar cortex

Marginal zone

Accessory olfactory bulb, mitral cell layer

Lateral orbital cortex Rhinal fissure Olfactory ventricle Dorsal lateral olfactory tract Lateral olfactory tract

Anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part Subventricular zone

Olfactory bulb: Granule cell layer

Glomerular layer

Internal plexiform layer Mitral cell layer

Olfactory nerve layer

External plexiform layer Olfactory nerve (I)

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 3

453

454

Longitudinal cerebral fissure Marginal zone

Cingulate cortex

Cortical plate

Motor cortex

Subplate Somatosensory cortex

Intermediate zone + white matter

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Claustrum

Insular cortex Rhinal fissure Orbital cortex

Lateral olfactory tract

Anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part

Piriform cortex Anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part Olfactory ventricle Ventricular + subventricular zones, olfactory ventricle (olfactory neuroepithelium)

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 4

455

456

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Cingulate cortex Prelimbic cortex

Motor cortex

Marginal zone

Cingulum

Cortical plate

Somatosensory cortex

Subplate

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Intermediate zone + white matter

Claustrum Ventricular + subventricular zones (cortical neuroepithelium)

Insular cortex

Rhinal fissure Lateral migratory stream, reservoir Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Piriform cortex Lateral olfactory tract Ventricular + subventricular zones (septal neuroepithelium)

Ventral pallidum + medial forebrain bundle

Accumbens nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Tenia tecta Anterior cerebral artery

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 5

457

458

Cingulate cortex

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Motor cortex

Cingulum Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Marginal zone

Cortical neuroepithelium

Cortical plate Subplate

Lateral migratory stream, head

Intermediate zone + white matter Lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

Somatosensory cortex Infralimbic cortex

Caudate-putamen

External capsule Claustrum

Insular cortex

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Internal capsule Tenia tecta

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Piriform cortex

Lateral ventricle

Lateral olfactory tract

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Ventral pallidum

Accumbens nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Glial wedge

Septal neuroepithelium Medial forebrain bundle Septohippocampal nucleus

Sling cells

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 6

459

460

Cingulate cortex

Indusium griseum Cingulum Motor cortex

Marginal zone

Corpus callosum, genu

Cortical plate

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Subplate

Cortical neuroepithelium Intermediate zone + white matter Sling cells Somatosensory cortex

Lateral ventricle

Lateral migratory stream, head

Striatal neuroepithelium (lateral ganglionic eminence)

External capsule

Caudate-putamen

Internal capsule

Claustrum

Insular cortex Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Lateral migratory stream, reservoir Lateral olfactory tract

Piriform cortex

Glial wedge

Ventral pallidum

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Lateral septal nucleus

Accumbens nucleus

Olfactory tubercle Septohippocampal nucleus

Tenia tecta Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Medial septal nucleus Olfactory artery

Anterior cerebral artery Diagonal band of Broca

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 7

461

462

Indusium griseum Subplate Cingulum Motor cortex

Cingulate cortex Corpus callosum, genu Intermediate zone + white matter

Marginal zone

Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Cortical plate

Lateral ventricle Somatosensory cortex Lateral migratory stream, head Glial wedge Subventricular zone, lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

External capsule

Caudate-putamen

Insular cortex

Claustrum

Internal capsule

Septohippocampal nucleus

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Piriform cortex

Lateral septal nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Anterior commissure, anterior part Olfactory tubercle Medial septal nucleus Medial forebrain bundle Diagonal band of Broca

Accumbens nucleus

Olfactory artery Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Anterior cerebral artery

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 8

463

464

Cingulum

Cortical neuroepithelium: Subventricular zone

Indusium griseum with longitudinal stria

Ventricular zone

Corpus callosum, genu Glial wedge Sling cells

Lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part

Fornix

Lateral septal nucleus intermediate part

Medial septal nucleus

Corpus Callosum and Septal Area

0.5 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 9

465

466

Cingulate cortex Cingulum

Indusium griseum Sling cells Marginal zone

Motor cortex

Cortical plate

Corpus callosum, genu

Subplate Glial wedge

Intermediate zone + white matter Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ventricle (cortical neuroepithelium)

Cavum of septum pellucidum

Lateral migratory stream, head

Somatosensory cortex

Lateral ventricle Insular cortex

Caudate-putamen

Claustrum

Internal capsule Ventricular + subventricular zones, lateral ganglionic eminence (striatal neuroepithelium)

External capsule Piriform cortex

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir Lateral septal nucleus

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Lateral olfactory tract Olfactory tubercle

Accumbens nucleus

Ventral pallidum

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Optic nerve (II)

Olfactory artery

Medial septal nucleus Anterior cerebral artery

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band Diagonal band of Broca

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 10

467

468

Cingulate cortex

Indusium griseum

Motor cortex

Cingulum

Lateral ventricle

Corpus callosum

Choroid plexus

Cortical plate

Cortical neuroepithelium

Glial wedge

Somatosensory cortex

Subventricular zone Lateral migratory stream, head

Striatal neuroepithelium

Ventral hippocampal commissure Internal capsule Septofimbrial nucleus Insular cortex

Lateral septal nucleus, ventral part

External capsule

Caudate-putamen

Claustrum

Fornix, column

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Piriform cortex

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Lateral olfactory tract

Substantia innominata Magnocellular preoptic nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Lateral preoptic area Median preoptic nucleus

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Optic nerve ( II ) Medial preoptic nucleus

Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus Optic recess, third venticle Vascular organ of lamina terminalis

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 11

469

470 Corpus callosum

Cingulate cortex

Cingulum

Motor cortex

Triangular septal nucleus

Hippocampus, oriens layer

Lateral ventricle Ventral hippocampal commissure Choroid plexus Lateral migratory stream, head

Somatosensory cortex Stria terminalis

Fimbria Septofimbrial nucleus

External capsule

Internal capsule

Fornix, column Caudate-putamen

Claustrum

Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Piriform cortex

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Dorsal endopiriform nucleus Lateral olfactory tract Globus pallidus Anterior commissure, posterior part Substantia innominata Olfactory tubercle Basal nucleus of Meynert

Medial forebrain bundle

Lateral preoptic area Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band Medial preoptic nucleus Anterior commissure, anterior part

Optic nerve ( II )

Median preoptic nucleus

Vascular organ of lamina terminalis Optic recess, third ventricle

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 12

471

472 Subfornical organ

Retrosplenial cortex Cingulum

Motor cortex

Corpus callosum, posterior forceps

Lateral ventricle

Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

Choroid plexus

Dentate gyrus, granular layer

Paratenial thalamic nucleus Fimbria Somatosensory cortex Paraventricular thalamic nucleus Lateral migratory stream, head

Stria medullaris

Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus Stria terminalis

External capsule

Caudate-putamen

Anteroventral thalamic nucleus

Internal capsule

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Mammillothalamic tract Lateral migratory stream, reservoir

Piriform cortex

Nucleus of stria medullaris

Globus pallidus Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Substantia innominata

Anterior amygdaloid area

Basal nucleus of Meynert

Magnocellular preoptic nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract

Middle cerebral artery

Olfactory tubercle

Fornix

Medial forebrain bundle Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Third ventricle

Lateral preoptic area

Anterior cerebral artery

Optic nerve ( II ) Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Medial preoptic area Optic chiasm

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 13

473

474 Retrosplenial cortex Medial habenular nucleus

Habenular recess

Fasciculus retroflexus

Motor cortex

Lateral habenular nucleus

Corpus callosum, posterior forceps Habenular commissure

Hippocampus, CA1, pyramidal cell layer

Stria medullaris

Dentate gyrus

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Hippocampus, CA2

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus Central medial thalamic nucleus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Alveus Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

Somatosensory cortex Anteroventral thalamic nucleus

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Fimbria Caudate-putamen

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Stria terminalis

Globus pallidus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

External capsule with lateral migratory stream

Lenticular fasciculus

Internal capsule

Basal nucleus of Meynert

External medullary lamina

Piriform cortex

Mammillothalamic tract

Entopeduncular nucleus

Anterior amygdaloid area

Medial forebrain bundle

Zona incerta Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Substantia innominata

Lateral olfactory tract

Rhomboid thalamic nucleus

Lateral hypothalamic area

Reuniens thalamic nucleus

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Fornix

Anterior hypothalamic area

Third ventricle Suprachiasmatic nucleus Optic chiasm

Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 14

475

476 Retrosplenial cortex Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Habenular recess Habenular commissure

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Stria medullaris

Hippocampal formation:

Lateral habenular nucleus

CA1

Fasciculus retroflexus

Dentate gyrus

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

CA2

Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus

CA3

Central medial thalamic nucleus

Alveus

External medullary lamina Reticular thalamic nucleus

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Caudate-putamen

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Thalamocortical tract

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Internal capsule

Stria terminalis

External capsule with lateral migratory stream

Amygdala:

Globus pallidus

Lateral nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Central nucleus

Piriform cortex

Basolateral nucleus

Anterior amygdaloid area

Basomedial nucleus

Zona incerta

Medial nucleus Cortical nucleus

Lateral olfactory tract Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Supraoptic nucleus

Rhomboid thalamic nucleus

Lateral hypothalamic area

Reuniens thalamic nucleus Optic tract

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Mammillothalamic tract

Anterior hypothalamic area

Third ventricle Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus Optic chiasm

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 15

477

Epithalamus:

478

Retrosplenial cortex

Pineal gland

Fasciculus retroflexus

Habenular recess

Subiculum

Medial habenular nucleus

Somatosensory cortex

Habenular commissure + stria medullaris Stria medullaris

Hippocampal formation:

Lateral habenular nucleus

CA1

Paraventricular nucleus

Dentate gyrus

Thalamus:

CA2

Lateral posterior nucleus

CA4 CA3

Parafascicular nucleus

Alveus

Lateral dorsal nucleus

Fimbria

Posterior nucleus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus External medullary lamina

Caudate-putamen

Medial geniculate nucleus

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Thalamocortical tract

Ventral posterior medial nucleus

Internal capsule

Central medial nucleus Zona incerta

Amygdala:

Medial lemniscus

Lateral nucleus

Mammillothalamic tract

Basolateral nucleus

Ventral medial nucleus

Central nucleus

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Basomedial nucleus Third ventricle

Cortical nucleus

Paraventricular nucleus

Stria terminalis

Anterior area

Medial nucleus

Ventromedial nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Hypothalamus:

Cerebral peduncle

Fornix

Entopeduncular nucleus

Lateral area

Interior carotid artery

Medial forebrain bundle Optic tract Supraoptic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 16

479

480

Pineal gland Subcommissural organ

Posterior commissure Retrosplenial cortex

Aqueduct

Precommissural nucleus

Medial pretectal nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Periaqudeuctal gray

Lateral dorsal nucleus

Brachium of superior colliculus

Parafascicular nucleus

Visual cortex

Hippocampus

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Dentate gyrus

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Fimbria

Medial geniculate nucleus

External capsule with lateral migratory stream

Ventral posterior lateral thalamic nucleus

Caudate-putamen

Auditory cortex

External medullary lamina

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus

Internal capsule Reticular thalamic nucleus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Stria terminalis

Central medial thalamic nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Optic tract

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

Central amygdaloid nucleus

?hk^el_b^e]

Medial lemniscus

Subthalamic nucleus

Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus

Ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Medial amygdaloid nucleus

Zona incerta

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Mammillothalamic tract Optic tract

Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus Fornix

Lateral hypothalamic area

Medial forebrain bundle

Magnocellular nucleus of lateral hypothalamus Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Medial tuberal nucleus Reuniens thalamic nucleus Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Third ventricle Median eminence

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 17

481

482 Superior colliculus Posterior commissure

Nucleus of posterior commissure Brachium of superior colliculus

Subcommissural organ

Precommissural nucleus

Aqueduct

Posterior thalamic nucleus

Periaqueductal gray

Ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus Visual cortex

Medial geniculate nucleus

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Subiculum

Fasciculus retroflexus

Medial lemniscus Optic tract

Reticular formation, midbrain

Dentate gyrus

Mammillothalamic tract

Hippocampus Substantia nigra, reticular part

Auditory cortex Zona incerta

Cerebral peduncle

Fimbria

Entorhinal cortex

Lateral ventricle Parasubthalamic nucleus

Nigrostriatal bundle

Fornix

Subthalamic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle

Parasubthalamic nucleus

Dorsal premammillary nucleus

Magnocellular nucleus of lateral hypothalamus

Medial tuberal nucleus

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Third ventricle

Posterior hypothalamic area Ventral premammillary nucleus

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Pituitary, anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) Infundibular recess

Median eminence

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 18

483

484 Commissure of superior colliculus Subcommissural organ

Superior colliculus Posterior pretectal nucleus

Aqueduct

Anterior pretectal nucleus Periaqueductal gray

Brachium of inferior colliculus Medial geniculate nucleus

Nucleus of Darkschewitsch

Subiculum Reticular formation, midbrain

Hippocampal formation: Fasciculus retroflexus

Granular layer of dentate gyrus Pyramidal cell layer Radiatum layer

Mammillotegmental tract

Oriens layer

Entorhinal cortex

Lateral ventricle

Supramammillary decussation

Substantia nigra, reticular part

Mammillothalamic tract

Cerebral peduncle

Lateral hypothalamus, peduncular part

Lateral mammillary nucleus Fornix

Supramammillary nucleus, lateral part

Principal mammillary tract Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Third ventricle, mammillary recess

Medial mammillary nucleus Supramammillary nucleus, medial part

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 19

485

486

Commissure of superior colliculus Superior colliculus

Aqueduct

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Periaqueductal gray

Reticular formation, midbrain Oculomotor nucleus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Mammillotegmental tract

Ventral tegmental decussation Superior cerebellar peduncle

Red nucleus

Substantia nigra (A9), reticular part Interpeduncular nucleus

Substantia nigra (A9), compact part

Lateral lemniscus

Entorhinal cortex

Medial paralemniscal nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Medial lemniscus

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Fasciculus retroflexus

Lateral lemniscus

Longitudinal fasciculus (of pons)

Pontine nuclei

Paramedian raphe nucleus Basilar artery

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 20

487

488

Dorsal raphe nucleus, midbrain (B7) Commissure of superior colliculus

Superior colliculus

Aqueduct Trochlear nucleus Periaqueductal gray Brachium of inferior colliculus Nucleus of inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus

Microcellular tegmental nucleus Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

Intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Tectospinal tract

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Lateral lemniscus Paramedian raphe nucleus

Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Pontine reticular nucleus

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Facial nerve (VII)

Reticulotegmental nucleus Superior olive

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5) Medial lemniscus

Nucleus of trapezoid body Pyramidal tract

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) Basilar artery

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 21

489

490

Aqueduct Periaqueductal gray

Superior colliculus

Commissure of superior colliculus

Dorsal tegmental nucleus Ventral tegmental nucleus

Dorsal raphe nucleus (B7), midbrain

Inferior colliculus

Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Lateral lemniscus

Cerebellum, hemisphere:

Lateral parabrachial nucleus

External germinal layer Molecular layer

Medial parabrachial nucleus

Purkinje cell layer Inferior peduncle

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Dentate (lateral) nucleus Locus coeruleus (A6) Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Dorsomedial tegmental area

Superior vestibular nucleus

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Facial nerve (VII )

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Facial nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Ventricular zone, fourth ventricle

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Parapyramidal reticular nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Pyramidal tract

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 22

491

492

Commissure of superior colliculus Superior colliculus

Aqueduct

Periaqueductal gray

Isthmus

Inferior colliculus

Medial parabrachial nucleus

Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Cerebellum, hemisphere:

Dorsal tegmental nucleus

Superior peduncle Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

External germinal layer

Lateral lemniscus

Molecular layer Purkinje cell layer

Locus coeruleus (A6) Middle cerebellar peduncle Choroid plexus

Superior vestibular nucleus

Fourth ventricle

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Medial vestibular nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Lateral vestibular nucleus

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VII )

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Lateral reticular nucleus

Posterior dorsal tegmental nucleus

Fourth ventricle

Facial nerve (VII ), genu

Accessory facial nucleus

Abducens nucleus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Facial nucleus

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Medial lemniscus

Pyramidal tract Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 23

493

494

Aqueduct Superior colliculus

Periaqueductal gray

Fourth ventricle Inferior colliculus

Choroid plexus

Cerebellum:

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus

External germinal layer

Medial vestibular nucleus

Purkinje cell layer Vermis

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Fastigial (medial) nucleus Interposed nucleus

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Dentate (lateral) nucleus Lateral hemisphere

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Cochlear neuroepithelium

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Vestibulocochlear nerve ( VIII )

Solitary tract

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Solitary tract nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Reticular formation, medulla

Facial nucleus

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2)

Medial lemniscus Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Pyramidal tract

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 24

495

496

Cerebellum: Vermis Purkinje cell layer

Inferior colliculus

Fastigial (medial) nucleus Interposed nucleus

Fourth ventricle

Dentate (lateral) nucleus Lateral hemisphere

Medial vestibular nucleus

Molecular layer External germinal layer

Choroid plexus

Inferior vestibular nucleus

External (lateral) cuneate nucleus

Solitary tract

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Solitary tract nucleus

Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Accessory (XI) nerves

Intermediate reticular nucleus

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Ambiguus nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Gigantocellular reticular nucleus

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus Reticular formation, medulla

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Inferior olive

Medial lemniscus

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 25

497

498

Inferior colliculus

Fastigial (medial) nucleus Vermis

Interposed nucleus

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus External germinal layer Hypoglossal nucleus

Choroid plexus

Inferior vestibular nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus Solitary tract

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Solitary tract nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Ambiguus nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus Inferior olive

Raphe obscurus nucleus (B2) Raphe pallidus nucleus (B1)

1.0 mm

GD 18 CORONAL 26

499

HP denotes image enlargement

1 2 3

5 + 4HP 6

GESTATIONAL DAY 18 (GD 18) HORIZONTAL SECTIONS

7 8 9 10 12 + 11HP 13 14 15

501

502

Corpus callosum, posterior forceps

Visual cortex Pineal recess

Somatosensory cortex Pineal gland Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Motor cortex

Commissure of inferior colliculus

Cingulum Periaqueductal gray Cingulate cortex Aqueduct

Longitudinal cerebral fissure Marginal zone

Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Cortical plate

Inferior colliculus

Subplate

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Intermediate zone + white matter

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Ventricular zone of lateral ventricle Transverse cerebral fissure

Commissure of superior colliculus Superior colliculus

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 1

503

504

Medial pretectal nucleus

Lateral ventricle

Pineal gland

Visual cortex Optic tract

Pineal recess

Anterior pretectal nucleus

Somatosensory cortex

Olivary pretectal nucleus

Choroid plexus

Posterior commissure

Corpus callosum, genu

Cerebellum, lateral hemisphere

Corpus callosum, anterior forceps

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Motor cortex

Mesencephalic trigeminal tract (V)

Cingulum

Periaqueductal gray

Cingulate cortex

Aqueduct

Habenular commissure

Subcommissural organ

Marginal zone Inferior colliculus Cortical plate Brachium of inferior colliculus Subplate Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

Intermediate zone + white matter

Superior colliculus

Ventricular + subventricular zones of lateral ventricle

Brachium of superior colliculus

Hippocampus:

Retrosplenial cortex

Oriens layer Lacunosum-moleculare layer Pyramidal cell layer Alveus

Corpus callosum, posterior forceps Subiculum

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 2

505

506

Hippocampus: Alveus Pyramidal cell layer Lacunosum-moleculare layer

Somatosensory cortex

Corpus callosum, posterior forceps Lateral ventricle with choroid plexus Dentate gyrus, granular layer Anterior pretectal nucleus

Epithalamus: Stria medullaris

Precommissural nucleus

Lateral habenular nucleus Medial habenular nucleus Third ventricle with choroid plexus

Cerebellum: Paravermis

Motor cortex

Vermis Hemisphere

Cingulum Cingulate cortex Corpus callosum, genu Marginal zone

Aqueduct Inferior colliculus, neuroepithelium

Cortical plate

Trochlear nucleus

Subplate

Periaqueductal gray Intermediate zone + white matter

Oculomotor nucleus Nucleus of inferior colliculus

Ventricular + subventricular zones

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Lateral posterior thalamic nucleus

Nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus

Nucleus of optic tract

Brachium of superior colliculus Optic tract Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Midbrain:

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 3

507

508 Cerebellum: External germinal layer Lateral hemisphere

Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Interposed nucleus

Paravermis Pons

Superior cerebellar peduncle Fastigial (medial) nucleus Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Purkinje cell layer

Ependyma, fourth ventricle

Vermis

Cerebellum

0.5 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 4

509

510

Thalamus: Parafascicular nucleus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus External medullary lamina Posterior nucleus

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Ventral posterior lateral nucleus Medial geniculate nucleus Ventral posterior medial nucleus

Lateral dorsal nucleus

Peripeduncular nucleus Zona incerta

Epithalamus:

Posterior nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus

Cerebellum:

Stria medullaris

Hemisphere

Lateral habenular nucleus

Dentate (lateral) nucleus

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Middle cerebellar peduncle Interposed nucleus

Medial habenular nucleus

External germinal layer Superior cerebellar peduncle

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Fastigial (medial) nucleus Paravermis

Third ventricle + choroid plexus

Vermis Corpus callosum, genu

Purkinje cell layer Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Ventral hippocampal commissure Glial wedge Stria medullaris

Midbrain: Dorsal raphe nucleus (B7)

Corpus callosum

Dorsal tegmental nucleus

Choroid plexus

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Caudate-putamen

Mammillotegmental tract

Internal capsule

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

External capsule with lateral migratory stream

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle Red nucleus

Dentate gyrus

Hippocampal formation:

Fimbria Pyramidal cell layer Lacunosum-moleculare layer Dentate gyrus

Optic tract Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Substantia nigra (A9) Lateral lemniscus Cerebral peduncle

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 5

511

512 Lateral ventricle Fimbria Internal capsule Caudate-putamen External capsule with lateral migratory stream

Third ventricle Zona incerta Optic tract Subparafascicular thalamic nucleus Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus Lateral lemniscus Middle cerebellar peduncle

Stria medullaris

Mammillotegmental tract

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Fasciculus retroflexus Third ventricle + choroid plexus

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Subfornical organ

External germinal layer

Lateral septal nucleus

Interfascicular nucleus Interpeduncular nucleus

Fornix

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Cavum of septum pellucidum

Fourth ventricle + choroid plexus

Corpus callosum, genu

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

Ventral hippocampal commissure

Purkinje cell layer, cerebellum

Lateral ventricle

Locus coeruleus (A6)

Central medial nucleus

Reticular formation, pons

Mediodorsal nucleus Anteroventral nucleus

Ventral tegmental area (A10)

Reuniens nucleus

Lateral parabrachial nucleus

Ventral lateral nucleus

Cerebral peduncle

Mammillothalamic tract

Thalamus:

External medullary lamina Reticular nucleus Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial nuclei Medial lemniscus Ventral medial nucleus For^elfield + superior cerebellar peduncle

Substantia nigra (A9) Dentate gyrus, granular cell layer Hippocampus, lacunosum-moleculare layer Hippocampus, pyramidal cell layer

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 6

513

514

Thalamus: External medullary lamina

Ventral posterior lateral + ventral posterior medial nuclei

Ventral lateral nucleus

Medial lemniscus

Reticular nucleus

Reuniens nucleus

Central medial nucleus Anteroventral nucleus

Ventral medial nucleus

Anteromedial nucleus

Zona incerta

Subiculum Cerebral peduncle

Paraventricular nucleus

Germinal trigone Substantia nigra (A9)

Corpus callosum

Mammillothalamic tract Ventral hippocampal commissure

Reticular formation, pons

Triangular septal nucleus

Locus coeruleus (A6)

Cingulate cortex

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Fornix

Mammillotegmental tract

Third ventricle

Fourth ventricle

Subfornical organ

Choroid plexus

Cingulum Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Lateral septal nucleus

Lateral lemniscus Interventricular foramen

Middle cerebellar peduncle Precerebellar migration

Stria medullaris Stria terminalis Internal capsule

Lacunosum-moleculare layer Radiatum layer

Caudate-putamen

Pyramidal cell layer

Globus pallidus

Oriens layer Optic tract External capsule with lateral migratory stream

Alveus Fimbria

Hippocampus:

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 7

515

516 Stria terminalis Extreme capsule

Optic tract Medial lemniscus Cerebral peduncle

External medullary lamina

Pyramidal tract

External capsule + lateral migratory stream

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Internal capsule Stria medullaris

Trigeminal motor nucleus

Stria terminalis

Precerebellar migration

Septofimbrial nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Lateral septal nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Triangular septal nucleus Accessory olfactory bulb

Solitary tract Solitary tract nucleus

Olfactory bulb:

Fourth ventricle

Internal plexiform layer Mitral cell layer

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Glomerular layer Vomeronasal nerve

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Corpus callosum

Supramammillary nucleus Supramammillary decussation

Fornix, columns Third ventricle

Mammillotegmental tract

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract Choroid plexus , fourth ventricle

Interventricular foramen

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Germinal trigone

Caudate-putamen

Lateral lemniscus

Reuniens thalamic nucleus

Lenticular fasciculus

Globus pallidus

Substantia nigra (A9)

Reticular thalamic nucleus

Lateral ventricle, posterior horn

Mammillothalamic tract Zona incerta

Subthalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 8

517

518

Amygdala: Basolateral nucleus Medial nucleus

External capsule with lateral migratory stream

Lateral nucleus

Entopeduncular nucleus

Stria terminalis

Internal capsule

Central nucleus

Optic tract Cerebral peduncle Principal mammillary tract (mammillothalamic + mammillotegental tracts)

Stria medularis

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Stria terminalis

Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root

Fornix, postcommissural

Median raphe nucleus, pons (B5)

Third ventricle

Facial nerve (VII)

Anterior commissure

Solitary tract Solitary tract nucleus

Olfactory bulb: Dorsal lateral olfactory tract

Fourth ventricle

Granule cell layer

Fourth ventricle, ventricular zone

Mitral cell layer Internal plexiform layer

Hypoglossal nucleus

Glomerular layer

Medial mammillary nucleus Posterior hypothalamic area Lateral mammillary nucleus Trigeminal motor nucleus

Olfactory nerve layer Orbital cortex Vomeronasal nerve Accessory olfactory bulb

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Septal area:

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Medial nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Precerebellar migration

Triangular nucleus

Lateral lemniscus

Lateral nucleus Caudate-putamen

Lateral hypothalamic area

Striatal neuroepithelium

Subthalamic nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

For^elfield

Nucleus of stria medullaris Globus pallidus Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Anterodorsal hypothalamic nucleus Extreme capsule

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 9

519

520 Piriform cortex External caspule

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Stria terminalis

Lateral migratory stream

Lateral hypothalamic area

Anterior commissure, posterior part

Anterodorsal hypothalamic nucleus

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Principal mammillary tract Fornix

Fornix, postcommissural

Posterior hypothalamic area

Lateral ventricle, anterior horn

Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Lateral olfactory tract

Pontine nuclei

Anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part

Facial nerve (VII)

Olfactory bulb:

Medial mammillary nucleus

Mitral cell layer

Abducens nucleus

Glomerular layer

Transverse pontine fibers

Granule cell layer

Floor of fourth ventricle

Ventricular zone

Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus Hypoglossal nucleus Diagonal band of Broca

Medial lemniscus Lateral mammillary nucleus

Medial septal nucleus

Pyramidal tract

Nucleus of vertical limb of diagonal band

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Lateral septal nucleus

Spinal trigeminal tract (V)

Ventricular zone, lateral ventricle

Precerebellar migration

Third ventricle

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus

Accumbens nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion Lateral lemniscus

Medial forebrain bundle

Amygdaloid neuroepithelium

Central amygdaloid nucleus Optic tract Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus

Medial amygdaloid nucleus Cerebral peduncle

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 10

521

522

Lateral olfactory tract

Olfactory bulb: Olfactory nerve layer Anterior commissure, intrabulbar part

Glomerular layer External plexiform layer Mitral cell layer Internal plexiform layer

Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part

Granule cell layer

Olfactory nerve ( I )

Olfactory Bulbs

0.5 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 11

523

524 Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract Lateral olfactory tract

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Medial amygdaloid nucleus Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus Supraoptic nucleus

Anteroventral hypothalamic nucleus

Optic tract

Medial preoptic nucleus

Superior olive

Periventricular hypothalamic nucleus Lateral olfactory tract

Facial nucleus

Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part

Ambiguus nucleus

Nucleus of horizontal limb of diagonal band

Transverse pontine fibers

Olfactory bulb:

Third ventricle, mammillary recess

Olfactory nerve (I ) Olfactory nerve layer

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Glomerular layer External plexiform layer

Pontine nuclei

Mitral cell layer Granule cell layer

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Internal plexiform layer

Principal (sensory) trigeminal nucleus Accumbens nucleus Trigeminal nerve (V), motor root Third ventricle, optic recess Trigeminal nerve (V), sensory root

Olfactory tubercle

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle Piriform cortex

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 12

525

526

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Fornix Medial tuberal nucleus

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Mammillary recess

Medial preoptic nucleus Pyramidal tract

Ventral pallidum

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Third ventricle, optic recess

Inferior olive

Olfactory bulb, olfactory nerve layer

Trapezoid body Nucleus of trapezoid body

Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part

Facial nucleus, medial part Olfactory tubercle Facial nucleus, lateral part Supraoptic nucleus

Superior olive

Lateral olfactory tract

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Optic tract

Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 13

527

528

Lateral hypothalamic area Optic tract Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Medial forebrain bundle Tuberoinfundibular tract

Optic recess

Third ventricle, infundubular recess

Optic nerve (II)

Pyramidal tract

Lamina terminalis

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3) Nucleus of trapezoid body

Medial preoptic nucleus

Inferior olive

Olfactory nerve layer

Facial nucleus, medial part Olfactory bulb, granule cell layer Facial nucleus, lateral part Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part

Superior olive

Olfactory tubercle

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus

Lateral preoptic area Medial tuberal nucleus

Optic tract Lateral olfactory tract Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract

Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 14

529

530

Optic tract

Tuberoinfundibular tract

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Median eminence Optic chiasm Pyramidal tract

Optic nerve (II)

Raphe magnus nucleus (B3)

Optic recess

Lamina terminalis

Inferior olive

Medial preoptic nucleus Facial nucleus Anterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part Superior olive Optic tract Third ventricle, infundibular recess Lateral olfactory tract Cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

1.0 mm

GD 18 HORIZONTAL 15

531