Learn to Speak English: Учебное пособие

Федеральное агентство по образованию Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

Ульяновский государственный технический университет

Learn to Speak English УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

Ульяновск 2004

Федеральное агентство по образованию

Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

Ульяновский государственный технический университет

Learn to Speak English

Учебное пособие для студентов всех специальностей дневного отделения

Составитель Г. К. Асафова

Ульяновск 2004

УДК 802.0(076) ББК 81.2Англ я7 Л33 Рецензенты: доцент кафедры «Иностранные языки» УлГТУ, кандидат филологических наук Т. Г. Пятышина; зав. кафедрой «Иностранные языки» УГПУ доцент, кандидат филологических наук Г. Н. Калмыкова. Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом университета в качестве учебного пособия.

Л33

Learn to Speak English : учебное пособие для студентов всех специальностей дневного отделения / сост. Г. К. Асафова. – Ульяновск : УлГТУ, 2004. – 232 с. ISBN 5-89146-600-0 Пособие составлено в соответствии с программой курса английского языка для высшей школы, построено на материале американского курса Multimedia “Learn to speak English”. В пособие включены тексты, диалоги, грамматические упражнения, идиомы. Кроме того, каждый урок содержит список разговорных выражений, словарь по тематике урока и творческие задания.

Пособие позволяет овладеть навыками разговорной речи и навыками общения на английском языке. Предназначено для студентов 1 и 2 курсов всех специальностей дневного обучения. Работа подготовлена на кафедре «Иностранные языки».

УДК 802.0(076) ББК 81.2 Англ я7 ISBN 5-89146-600-0

© Асафова Г. К., составление, 2004 © Оформление. УлГТУ, 2004

Lesson 1 IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS I. NOTE As in most countries, going through customs in the United States is a two-part process. First you will encounter an agent of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), who will want to see your passport and visa. At some airports, especially New York, Miami and Los Angeles, these agents are multi-lingual. However, you should be prepared to use English as much as possible. Travelers from most countries (Western Europe, Canada, Japan) can pick up a visa at the border when they reach the U. S. If you are unsure about this, it is a good idea to check with your U.S. Consulate. Your visa will be valid for 90 days and cannot be extended. Shortly before you arrive in the U.S., you will be given a small white I-94 card on board the plane. After you fill out the card, you will give it to the INS agent at the airport. He will keep one copy and the other copy will be stapled in your passport. The I-94 card is a record of your arrival and departure dates. The date of your departure is the date when the card expires. You will give up the I-94 when you leave the United States. If you anticipate spending more then 90 days in the U. S., you should apply for B-l/B-2 visa. This visa can be extended for up to one year. It is primarily intended for business persons and tourists. You'll soon discover that the U. S., while racially and ethnically diverse, is basically a monolingual country. If you plan to travel in the U.S. or to interact extensively with Americans, you will want to know as much English as possible. Most Americans are friendly and outgoing. They will usually go out of their way to help you if you have a question or a problem. When going through U.S. Customs, be calm and patient. Try your best to communicate with the agents. Don't be concerned if you are asked to open your suitcases. II. DIALOGUE U.S. Immigration Agent: Good, afternoon. May I see your passport please? You: Yes, here it is, and here's my visa. U.S. Immigration Agent: Thank you. You have a tourist visa for three months? You: Yes, that's right. I plan to travel some in the U.S. U. S. Immigration Agent: Where are you going? You: I'm going to spend some time in Atlanta. After that, I'm going to Washington, Chicago, and California. U.S. Immigration Agent: All right. Enjoy your stay! The Agent then gives you a card. After clearing Immigration, you must now go through U.S. Customs with your luggage, which you pick up in the Baggage Claim area. You present the card the Immigration Agent gave you. The Customs Agent smiles and says: Customs Agent: Hi! Anything do declare? You: Excuse me? Customs Agent: Do you have any valuables or alcohol to declare?

You: No, nothing at all. Customs Agent: O.K. You can go ahead. You: Thank you. Ш. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Complete these sentences using the most suitable expressions from the box. Put the verb into the correct form where necessary. have a baby have a party have a cigarette

have a swim have a chat have a look

have a nice time have a good night have a nice meal

have a bath have a rest

Example: Jack likes to keep fit, so he has a swim every day. 1. Tom and Ann have just come back from the restaurant. You say: Hello, did you have a nice meal? 2. We ... last Friday. It was great – we invited lots of people. 3. How often ...?" "Not often. I don't like washing." 4. Suzanne gave up her job six months ago when she ... 5. Excuse me, can I ... at your newspaper, please? 6. You meet Tom at the airport. He has just arrived. You say: Hello, Tom!...? 7. "Where's Jim?" "He ... in his room. He is very tired." 8. I met Ann in the street yesterday. We stopped and ... 9. I haven't seen you since you came back from holiday ...? 10. I don't usually smoke. But I felt nervous, so I ... 2. This time you have to choose the correct form of the verb, singular or plural. Sometimes either a singular or a plural verb is possible. Example: Gymnastics is/are my favorite sport, ("is" – correct) 1. The trousers you bought for me doesn't/don't fit me. 2. Physics was/were my best subject at school. 3. Fortunately the news wasn't/weren't as bad as we had expected. 4. The police wants/want to interview Fred about a robbery. 5. Three days isn't/aren't long enough for a good holiday. 6. Where does/do your family live? 7. England has/have lost all their football matches this season. 8. Does/Do the police know about the stolen money? 9. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn't/aren't sharp enough. 10. I'm going to take a taxi. Six miles is/are too far for me to walk.

3. In this exercise you have to put in a/an or the. Example: There was a man and a woman in the room. The man was English but the woman looked foreign. She was wearing a fur coat. 1. This morning I bought ... newspaper and ... magazine. ... newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where ... magazine is. 2. My parents have ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat but... cat often scratches ... dog. 3. I saw ... accident this morning ... car crashed into ... wall. ... driver of ... car was not hurt but ... car was quite badly damaged. 4. When you turn into Lipson Road, you will see three houses: ... red one, ... blue one and ... white one. I live in ... white one. 5. We live in ... old house in ... middle of the village. There is … beautiful garden behind ... house ... roof of ... house is in very bad condition. 4. In this exercise you have to put in a/an or the. Sometimes you don't need either word – you leave it blank. Examples: We went to the most expensive restaurant in town. Do you want to watch – television this evening? Last night we went out for a meal in a restaurant. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

I wrote my name at ... top of the page. ... moon goes round ... earth every 27 days. The Soviet Union was ... first country to send a man into ... space. Did you see the film on ... television or at ... cinema? After ... lunch, we went for a walk by ... sea. I'm not very hungry. I had ... big breakfast. John was ... only person I talked to at the party. Tim lives in ... small village in ... country. Peru is ... country in South America ... capital is Lima. I never listen to ... radio. In fact I haven't got ... radio. It was ... beautiful day ... sun shone brightly in ... sky. I've invited Tom to ... dinner next Wednesday. What is ... highest mountain in ... world? We don't go to ... theater very much these days. In fact, in ... town where we live there isn't ... theater. 15. It was a long voyage. We were at ... sea for four weeks. 16. I prefer swimming in ... sea to swimming in pools. 17. Can you turn ... television down, please? It's a bit loud.

5. What do you call the people of these countries? Examples: England? The English. Russia? The Russians. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Britain? ... Ireland? ... Wales? ... Scotland? ... Spain?...

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

France? ... Japan? ... Germany? ... China ? ... Switzerland? ...

11. America (the U.S.)? ... 12. The Netherlands? ... 13. And your country? ...

IV. IDIOMS Straight from the Horse's Mouth (from a reliable source) How did you find out that Jill was engaged? I got the information from a very reliable source. You mean Jill told you so herself ? That's right. I got it straight from the horse's mouth! On Account Of (because of) The flight is delayed on account of a heavy snowfall. You can’t pass on account of your visa invalidity. Account for Someone or Something (to explain what happened to someone or something) How do you account for $1000 cash in your pocket? Somebody must account for that elderly woman demand. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Passport control I've just arrived from Russia. I've arrived on Aeroflot flight number... I've got a business passport. I've got a civil passport. I'm here on business. I've come here to work. I have a contract to work. I got the job through a competition. I've come to study (for training) at ... I'm here on a personal visit. I've come to visit friends. The visa was granted by the American Embassy in Moscow.

The visa is good for 6 months (a year). I was told that my visa could be extended. I'll stay here for a year at the most. I may work here for 2 to 3 years. According to my contract, I'll be here for 3 years. I can work for a longer period, if necessary. I've come as a full time student (trainee). In this country I'm staying in ... At first I'll stay at ... I don't know my permanent address. The company (school) is making the arrangements. Where I live will depend on where I'll be working (studying). I've got a work permit from the company that is hiring me. I haven't got my work permit yet. My child is on my wife's passport. I want to see a representative of the Russian consulate. Baggage claim Where's the baggage claim area? To which conveyor will the baggage from flight number ... come? Where can I get a baggage cart? How much does the cart cost? All baggage from flight number ... has already arrived, but my luggage isn't there. My luggage was damaged during unloading. My suitcase is damaged. The carton is torn. The carton is crushed. The suitcase opened and the things fell out. The baggage check has been torn off my suitcase. Who can I see about it? I've left my raincoat (hat, briefcase, etc.) on the plane. How can I get it? I've lost my baggage claim check. Customs Where can I get a declaration from? I've come with my family. Is it necessary for each member of my family to fill out a separate form? I've got a lot of luggage. I have nothing else. I have only one bag (briefcase, attaché case) to carry on. There are no prohibited things in my luggage. I haven't anything liable for duty. Should I get on the red or green line? Where should I put my suitcase?

Should it be standing up or lying down? I have only my personal belongings. These are for my personal use. I've got a small bottle of perfume. I've got some things for the first few days. I bought these things at a duty-free shop at the airport. These things are presents from my friend. I've got... dollars. Must I show that amount on the declaration? Do I have to pay duty on these things? How much do I have to pay in duty? Here is the receipt for the duty payment. Information desk Excuse me, where is the information desk? Excuse me, how do I get to the information desk? I was expecting to be met, but nobody is here. Our flight was early (late) and I don't know where to look for the people who are supposed to meet me. Will you page these people for me on the address system? Which bus do I take from the airport to the center of the city? Can I make a phone call from here to another city? How do I do it? How can I phone the Russian consulate? Can I leave a message in case somebody comes looking for me? I have to make a connecting flight. Where does the airport bus leave from? Where is the express bus terminal? Where is the bus stop? Where is the taxi stand? Where can I get a taxi? Can I get to the city from here by subway? Is there a counter for Aeroflot here? Where is it? Is there a post office here? Where is the "Lost and Found"? Where is the airport exit? Which way to gate number ... ? Where is the baggage check room? Can I check these things here? How long can you keep these things? What are the hours of the baggage check room?

VI. VOCABULARY allowance

норма беспошлинного ввоза

ammunition

боеприпасы

apply for a visa

обратиться за визой

baggage check room, left luggage office камера хранения business passport

служебный паспорт

business trip

командировка

cart

тележка

charge the payment

взимать плату

civil passport

общегражданский паспорт

complete customs formalities

выполнять таможенные формальности

consulate

консульство

customs

таможня

customs control

таможенный контроль

customs declaration

таможенная декларация

customs formalities

таможенные формальности

customs inspection

таможенный досмотр

declare

заявлять в таможенной декларации

duty rates

ставки пошлины

duty, tax

пошлина

embassy

посольство

entry visa

въездная виза

fill out a declaration

заполнять таможенную декларацию

go through customs

пройти таможенный досмотр

go through passport control

проходить паспортный контроль

immigration officer

служащий паспортного контроля

in excess of duty-free allowance

выше нормы беспошлинного ввоза

information desk

справочное бюро

ivory

изделия из слоновой кости

lost and found

бюро находок

money

валюта

money exchange

обмен валюты

narcotics, drugs

наркотики

owe duty

подлежать обложению пошлиной

passport

паспорт

passport control

паспортный контроль

pay duty

уплатить пошлину

payment

плата

present at customs control

предъявить для таможенного контроля

purse, wallet

кошелёк

reptile leather

изделия из змеиной, крокодиловой кожи

resident’s visa

вид на жительство

transit visa

транзитная виза

visa

виза

weapon

оружие

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) a friend of yours is going to the U.S. and asks you about the documents he needs for this trip and everything what concerns his going through the Customs. You have been to the U.S. many times and your experience may be of great value to him. You should explain everything to him; B) you are at the information desk. Ask where the baggage claim area is and where you can get a baggage cart. Then ask the information about hotels, prices and changing money. 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from section V. 3. Say what you have learned about U.S. customs.

Lesson 2 CHANGING MONEY I. NOTE United States currency consists of coins and paper money (bills). The primary denominations for coins are as follows: – 1 cent (a penny); – 5 cents (a nickel); – 10 cents (a dime); – 25 cents (a quarter); – 50 cents (a half dollar); – 100 cents (one dollar, usually called a silver dollar). Paper money is available mainly in these denominations: – 1 dollar ($1); – 2 dollars ($2); – 5 dollars ($5); – 10 dollars ($10); – 20 dollars ($20); – 50 dollars ($50); – 100 dollars ($100); – 500 dollars ($500); – 1000 dollars ($1000). As in most countries, many Americans prefer to use smaller bills such as tens and twenties. Hundred dollar bills are more difficult to cash in small stores, restaurants, and service stations. It is a good idea to carry one or more credit cards, such as Visa, MasterCard, or American Express. Americans rely heavily on credit cards for their purchases. While checks are also used extensively, it is unlikely that you will be able to use personal checks drawn on a foreign bank while in the United States. II. DIALOGUE You: Hello. I'd like to change some money into U.S. currency, please. Teller: Certainly. Do you have cash or traveler's checks? You: Traveler's checks. (You sign them.) You: Here they are. Teller: Can I see your passport, please? You: Of course. Teller: Let's see. That adds up to $1250. Would you like it in any special denomination? You: What? Teller: How would you like your money? In twenties, fifties, or hundred dollar bills? You: Oh, in hundred dollar bills, please. (The teller gives you your cash and you look for public transportation to your hotel).

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to ask questions about Ed and Liz. Examples: (Ed and Liz/be/married?) “Are Ed and, Liz married? ” "Yes, they are." (they/have/any children?) “Have they got any children? ” "Yes, three." 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

(where/Ed and Liz live?) ... "In Nottingham." (how long/they/be/married?) ... "15 years." (they/go out very often?) ... "No, not very often." (what/Ed do for a living?) ... "He's a policeman." (he/enjoy his job?) ... "Yes, very much." (he/arrest anyone yesterday?) … "No." (they/have/a car?) ... "Yes." (when/they/buy it?) ... "A year ago." (how much/it cost?) ... "$3000." (they/go/on holiday next summer?) ... "Yes." (where/they/go?) ... "To Scotland."

2. This time you have to make questions with who or what. Examples: "Somebody hit me." "Who hit you ?" "I hit somebody." "Who did you hit ?" 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

"Something happened." "What ... ?" "Someone lives in that house." "Who ... ?" "Somebody gave me this key." "Who ... ?" "Henry gave me something." "What ... ?" "Tom meets someone every day." "Who ... ?" "I fell over something." "What ... ?" "Something fell on the floor." "What ... ?" "This word means something." "What ... ?"

3. Complete these sentences with some / any / someone / anyone /somebody / anybody / something /anything / somewhere / anywhere. Examples: Ann has bought some new shoes. The boy refused to tell us anything. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Does ... mind if I smoke? Would you like ... to eat? Do you live ... near Jim? The prisoners refused to eat ...

5. There's ... at the door. Can you go and see who it is? 6. We slept in the park because we didn't have ... to stay. We didn't know ... we could stay with and we didn't have ... money for a hotel. 7. Can I have ... milk in my coffee, please? 8. Sue is very secretive. She never tells ... (two words). 9. Why are you looking under the bed? Have you lost ... ? 10. You can cash these travelers cheques at ... bank. 11. I haven't read ... of these books but Tom has read ... of them. 12. He left the house without saying ... to ... 13. Would you like ... more coffee? 14. The film is really great. You can ask ... who has seen it. 15. This is a No Parking area ... who parks their car here will have to pay a fine. 16. Can you give me ... information about places to see in the town? 17. With this special tourist bus ticket you can go ... you like on ... bus you like. 4. Complete these sentences with no / none / nobody / nothing / nowhere / any / anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere. Examples: There were no shops open. I don't want anything to eat. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

The bus was completely empty. There wasn't ... on it. "Where did you go for your holidays?" "... I stayed at hоme." I couldn't make an omelet because I had ... eggs. I didn't say ... Not a word. The accident looked serious but fortunately ... was injured. The town was still the same when I returned years later ... had changed. We took a few photographs but ... of them were very good. I can't find my watch ... I've looked all over the house. "What did you have breakfast?" "... I don't usually have ... for breakfast." We canceled the party because ... of the people we invited could come. ... intelligent person could do such a stupid thing. There was complete silence in the room ... said ... "How many cinemas are there in this town?" "... The last one closed six months ago". 14. The four of us wanted to go to a restaurant but we couldn't because ... of us had ... money.

5. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: Please, don't make so much noise. I am studying (study). Let's go out now. it isn't raining (not/rain) any more. Listen to those people. What language are they speaking (they/speak) ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Please, be quiet. I ... (try) to concentrate. Look! It ... (snow). Why ... (you/look) at me like that? Have I said something wrong? You ... (make) a lot of noise. Can you be a bit quieter? Excuse me, I ... (look) for a phone box. Is there one near here? (in the cinema) It's a good film, isn't it? ... (you/enjoy) it? Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They ... (shout) at each other again. 8. Why ... (you/wear) your coat today? It's very warm. 9. I ... (not/work) this week. I'm on holiday. 10. I want to lose weight. I ... (not/eat) anything today. 6. A friend of yours is planning to go on holiday very soon. You ask him about his plans. Use the words in brackets to make your questions. Example: (where/go) Where, are you, going? 1. (how long/stay?) ... 2. (when/leave?) ... 3. (go/alone?) ...

4. (go/by car?) ... 5. (where/stay?) …

IV. IDIOMS Money Talks (money can influence people) We've been waiting for three months to get delivery on our car, and people who put in their order after us have already gotten theirs. Well, money talks. Why don't you try giving the dealer a little something extra to move things along? I know full well that money has the power to influence people, but I refuse to pay extra for a service that is owed to me as a client. If you want to have your car maybe you'd better reconsider. Lose One's Shirt (lose a great deal of money) I happened to bump into Doug at lunch yesterday afternoon. What's new with Doug these days? He wasn't doing so well. For one thing, he told me he lost his shirt at the races.

Doug has always liked to bet on the horses. I'm not surprised that he lost a great deal of money. Yeah. At this rate he'll never have a penny to his name! V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Changing money Does this bank change money? I'd like to exchange some money. I'd like to exchange these bills. Excuse me, can you change this bill? What is the fee for changing money? I need dollar bills. I want to change my money into dollars. Large bills, if possible. What is the rate of exchange of the pound to dollars? Can you change this 100 dollar bill for fives? (I want to cash this hundred into fives). Four tens and ten ones, please. I want to change 500 dollars: four fifties and the rest in twenties. I need change for a phone call. I need some change. Which window shall I go to? How long will it take to get money from ... ? Who shall I make this check out to? Where should I sign? Travelers checks Do you take travelers checks? Can I cash travelers checks? I'd like to cash some travelers checks. Where can I buy travelers checks? I'd like to buy ... worth of travelers checks, please. How much is the service charge for the check? I've lost my travelers checks. My travelers checks have been stolen. What should I do? I don't remember the check number, unfortunately. How long will it take to replace my lost travelers checks? Banking What documents do I need to open an account? I'd like to open a savings account. I want to open a checking account. I want to open a joint account with my wife. How much interest do you pay on a savings account?

I want to deposit $, ... I would like to cash this check, please. I have an account here. I want to make a withdrawal. Here is my account number. I need a deposit slip. Where can I get a withdrawal clip? Can I get a bank card? I’ve run out of cash. VI. VOCABULARY account

счёт (в банке)

account number

номер счёта

bank

банк

bank card

банковская карточка

bank teller

кассир (в банке)

bankbook

банковская книжка

banking

банковские операции

bill

банкнота

blank check

незаполненный чек

canceled check

погашенный чек

carry cash

носить деньги с собой

cash

наличные деньги

cash a check

обналичить чек

cash a travelers check

получать деньги по туристскому чеку

checking/savings account

комбинированный текущий/срочный счёт

commercial bank

коммерческий банк

credit card

кредитная карточка

currency

валюта

exchange office/bureau

бюро обмена валюты

foreign currency

иностранная валюта

hard currency

свободно конвертируемая валюта

holder of a check

владелец чека

identification card

удостоверение личности

money exchange

обмен

non-banking hours

нерабочие часы банка

saving bank

сберегательный банк

service charge

плата (за услуги)

signature

подпись

withdrawal of money

снятие денег со счёта

withdrawal slip

расходный ордер

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are the clerk in the U.S. bank. A foreigner comes to the U.S. for the first time. He wants to change his money into the U.S. currency. You should explain everything to him; B) you are the clerk in the U.S. bank. A foreigner wants to keep his money in your bank. What kinds of accounts and credit cards you can offer. 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from section V. 3. Say what you have learned about U.S. money.

Lesson 3 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION I. NOTE As most airports in the United States, it is easy to get ground transportation. Many hotels offer free shuttle service to and from the airport. As in most countries, taxi cabs are the most expensive way to travel. However, cabs are also fast and convenient. At larger, busier airports you will probably have to line (queue) up for a taxi. Many airports are on subway or train lines. At Atlanta International Airport, you can board MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority) for the trip into the city. MARTA trains arrive and depart every 12 minutes. In 15 minutes, a traveler can be downtown. When flying within the U.S., you should allow adequate time to check in, go through airport security, and board your plane. Some airports are huge, and it may take a while to reach the gate from which your plane is departing. II. DIALOGUE Agent: May I help you? You: Yes, thanks, I'm staying at the Peachtree Plaza in town. What's the best way to get there? Agent: You can take a cab, bus, limo or hotel shuttle. You: What do you recommend? Agent: That depends. A cab is faster but more expensive. The bus is cheaper but a little slow. It would probably be a good idea to take your hotel shuttle. You: All right. Where do I get it? Agent: Just go through those doors and look for the shuttle sign. When it comes by, wave and the driver will pick you up. You: How much does it cost? Agent: It's a courtesy shuttle, so it's free. You can tip the driver, if you want. You: Thank you for your help. (You go outside, board the shuttle, and head for the hotel). III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Complete these sentences. Each time use the comparative form of one of the following adjectives or adverbs: crowded large

early near

easily often

expensive quiet

interested thin

Example: This jacket is too small. I need a large size. 1. You look ... Have you lost weight? 2. He's not so keen on his studies. He's ... in having a good time. 3. You'll find your way around the town ... if you have a map.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

You're making too much noise. Can you be a bit ... ? There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ... than usual. You're late. I expected you to be here ... . You hardly ever write to me. Why don't you write a bit ... ? The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be much ... . It's a pity you live so far away. I wish you lived ... .

2. Complete these sentences using these words: better / worse / further / older / elder. You have to use some of these words more than once. Use than where necessary. Example: Let me ask him. I know him better than you do. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

We complained about the food in our hotel. But instead of improving, it got ... . Your work isn't very good. I'm sure you can do ... this. Ann's younger sister is still at school. Her ... sister is a nurse. Our team played really badly this afternoon. We played ... we have ever played before. You're standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit ... away? "Is Jim younger than Tom?" "No, he's ... ." The damage to our car wasn't so bad. It could have been much ... . If you need any … information, please contact our head office.

3. In this exercise you have to complete the sentences using as ... as. Examples: I'm quite tall but you are taller. I'm not as tall as you. Ann works reasonably hard but she used to work much harder. Ann doesn't work as hard as she used to. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

My salary is high but yours is higher. My salary isn't ... . You know a bit about cars but I know more. You don't ... . I still smoke but I used to smoke a lot more. I don't ... . I still feel quite tired but I felt a lot more tired yesterday. I don't ... . They've lived here for quite a long time but we've lived here longer. They haven't ... . I was a bit nervous before the interview but usually I'm a lot more nervous. I wasn't ... . The weather is still unpleasant today but yesterday it was worse. The weather isn't ... .

4. Complete the sentences with a superlative and preposition. Example: It's a very nice room. It's the nicest room in the hotel. 1. 2. 3. 4.

It's a very cheap restaurant. It's ... the town. It was a very happy day. It was ... my life. She's a very intelligent student. She ... the school. It's a very valuable painting. It … the gallery.

5. In the following sentences use one of the + superlative. Example: It's a very nice room. It's one of the nicest rooms in the hotel. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

He's a very rich man. He's one ... the world. It's a very old castle. It's ... Britain. He's a very good player. He ... the team. It was a very bad experience. It was ... my life. He's a very dangerous criminal. He ... the country. IV. IDIOMS Carried Away (excited or moved to extreme action by someone or something) The crowd got carried away and did a lot of damage to the park. I know that planning a party is fun, but don’t get carried away. Drive Something Home/Drive Home Something (to make something clearly understood) Why do I always have to shout at you to drive something home? Sometimes you have to be forceful to drive home a point. Track Someone or Something Down (to search for or pursue someone or something) See if you can track Tom down for me. I need to talk to him. I can’t seem to track down the file you want. Give me another few minutes. Trip Someone up/Trip up Someone (to cause difficulty for someone; to cause someone to fail) Bill tripped Tom up during the spelling contest, and Tom lost. I didn’t mean to trip up anyone. I am sorry I caused trouble. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Going by bus

Where is the nearest bus stop? Where does the number ... bus stop? Excuse me, do the buses stop here? How do I request a stop? Where can I get a bus schedule? What number do I call to get information about buses? How often do the buses run?

Do the buses run on schedule? What time is the first bus on week days (weekends)? How long is the wait between buses? What's the name of this bus stop? What number bus should I take? Can I get to Riverside Drive by bus? Can I get to ... on this bus? Excuse me, is this the right bus for ... ? Is this bus number 23? Does this bus go to ... ? Is this bus going downtown? Can I take any bus that stops here to get to ... ? When is the next bus to Center Street? Please, tell me when my stop is coming up. At what stop do I get off? Can you let me off at the next stop? Will you please let me know when we arrive at Riverside Drive? Are you getting off at the next stop? How much is the fare? My child is four. Can he travel free? I have exact change (exact fare). Will the driver give me change? Where can I buy a ticket for the bus? Two to Center Street, please. ... (name of stop), please. How much time do we have at this rest stop? What time do we arrive at ... ? Subways Excuse me, which line do I take for ... (to go to ...)? Which line goes to ... ? Which line is ... on? Can I get to ... on this train? Which way should I go to ... ? Where do I change trains (transfer)? At which station do I have to change? Where do I have to change for the ... line? How many stops are there till ... ? How many stations do we go until ... ? What is the next stop? How many more stops to ... ? Please, tell me when I get off.

Where is the exit to ... ? Excuse me, can you let me pass? I'm getting off. How much do I pay to ... ? How much does it cost to go to ... ? Taxis Can I telephone for a taxi? Can you send a taxi? I am at ... and I want a taxi to go to ... . What is the phone number of the taxi garage? Where is the taxi stand? Please, take me to ... . Take me to this address. Stop here, please. I'll get out here. What does the meter say? What's the fare? How much will the fare be to ... ? How much do I owe you? Keep the change. Do I pay extra for luggage? Do I tip the driver? How much should I tip the driver? VI. VOCABULARY bay

автобусная стоянка

boarding

посадка

bus

автобус

bus depot

автобусный парк

bus route

автобусный маршрут

bus service

автобусное сообщение

bus station

автобусная станция/автовокзал

call a taxi

вызывать такси

conductor

кондуктор

destination

пункт назначения

downtown

центр города

emergency exit

запасной выход

entrance

вход

exit

выход

fare

плата (за проезд)

go passed the stop

проехать остановку

meter

счётчик

metered rate

цена по счётчику

put the meter flag down

включить счётчик

request stop

остановка по требованию

ride

ехать

rush hours

часы пик

seat

место

sidewalk

тротуар

single fare

стоимость одного билета

stop

остановка

stop a taxi/flag a taxi

останавливать такси

stop sign

знак остановки

subway

метро

subway line

линия метро

subway map

схема линий метро

taxi

такси

taxi stand

остановка такси

terminal

конечная остановка

traffic island

островок безопасности

traffic lights

светофор

turnstile

турникет

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are the airport agent and you are to give the information about transportation means which can get tourists to their hotels. You explain one of the. tourists how to get to the Mariot Hotel. You explain the advantages and disadvantages of taking a cab, bus, limo or hotel shuttle; B) you are speaking to a stranger. He asks you about public transportation in the U.S. What would you say? 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from section IV.

Lesson 4 CHECKING TO A HOTEL I. NOTE Many hotels in large American cities are in high-rise buildings like the Peachtree Plaza in Atlanta. As in most countries, rates will vary according to the amenities and location of the hotel. Room rates are highest in cities like New York, Chicago and San Francisco. When making a reservation, don't hesitate to request a lower rate. Most hotels give discounts to business travelers (request the business rate) and on weekends. When making a reservation by phone or mail, you will be given the option of guaranteeing by credit card. This means that your room will be held for you for an arrival after 6 p.m. If you decide not to stay at the hotel, you must call to cancel. Otherwise, your credit card will be charged for one nights' stay. II. DIALOGUE Front Desk Clerk: Welcome to the Peachtree Plaza. Do you have a reservation? You: Yes, I do. I’ll be staying for two or three days. Front Desk Clerk: Are you here for business or pleasure? You: Excuse me? Front Desk Clerk: Is this a business trip or just a vacation? You: Both, actually. My aunt died recently in Atlanta. I’ve come to take care of her estate. Front Desk Clerk: I’m sorry for your loss. By the way, will you be paying cash or with a credit card? You: A credit card. What’s the rate? Front Desk Clerk: $129,00 per night. There’s also a complementary continental breakfast. Here, I’ll make a copy of your card. You: Where’s my room? Front Desk Clerk: Take the elevator on the right to the seventy-fifth floor. You’re in room 758. The bellman will bring your bags later. (You leave the lobby for the elevator. You can’t believe that you’re spending the night on the seventy-fifth floor of an American skyscraper. You're a little nervous as the elevator doors close). III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Write new sentences using the structure in section a (a friend of mine etc.). Example: I am writing to one of my friends. I'm writing to a friend of mine. 1. We met one of your relations. We met a ... . 2. Henry borrowed one of my books. Henry ... . 3. Tom invited some of his friends to his flat. Tom … . 4. We had dinner with one of our neighbors.

5. Ann is in love with one of her colleagues. 6. They went on holiday with two of their friends. 2. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Each time use my own/your own etc. Example: I don't ant to share a room. (want/have/room) I want to have my own room. 1. I don't watch television with the rest of the family. (have/ television/in my bedroom) I have ... in my bedroom. 2. Jack and Bill are fed up with working for other people. (want/start/business) They ... 3. Henry is extremely rich. (have/private jet) He ... 4. The Isle of Man is an island off the coast of Britain. It is not completely independent but (have/parliament and laws) it ... IV. IDIOMS Cough Up (give unwillingly) – Is it going to take you a while to raise money for a computer? – It would have taken me for ever, but dad said he’d cough up the money I need since I’m going to be using the computer for my school work. Feed Someone a Line (deceive someone) He had promised her a promotion in the near future, but she soon discovered that he was feeding her a line when he passed her by and gave the promotion to another person. Don’t try to feed me a line. I know you too well. Raise a Stink (protest strongly) Don’t try to use any of your sister’s clothes. She’ll raise a stink if she finds something missing. My dad is very strict and stern, so it’s no use raising a stink if he says “no”. Shake a Leg (hurry!) Mary, you always take such a long time to put on your make up. Come on, shake a leg! We’re going to miss the train, shake a leg!

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Choosing a hotel Where can I get information about hotels? Where is Hotel ... ? How do I get to Hotel ... ? I want an inexpensive hotel. I want a hotel not far from 59th Street (the subway, the center of the city). Do you have any vacancies? A room has been reserved for me at your hotel. I telephoned to reserve a room at your hotel. I have a confirmation number. The reservation was made in the name of ... I want a single room. I want a double room. I want a room with a private bath. I'd like a room for a month (a week, three months). I want a room with a kitchenette. I want an inexpensive room. A private bath is not necessary. Is the room with or without a bath? Is there TV (a telephone, a radio, a refrigerator, an air conditioner) in the room? Which floor is the room on? What is the room number? May I see the room? I'm afraid it's very noisy in this room. Is there a quieter room? How much is a single room with (without) a private bath? How much is a double room per night (week)? Is there a cheaper room? How do I fill out this form? This room suits (doesn't suit) me. Is there a discount if I stay in the hotel a month? What discount do you give for a longer stay at your hotel? Can I make long-distance calls from my room? How do I do it? How much is the service charge for a long-distance call? Do I pay for local telephone calls? Can I dial direct for local telephone calls? What time is check out time? I'm leaving tomorrow at ten. I'd like to pay the bill now. Will you, please, prepare the bill by 10?

VI. VOCABULARY apartment

квартира

apartment to let

сдаваемая квартира

apartment with all conveniences

квартира со всеми удобствами

area

район

attic room

мансарда

basement

подвал

bed

кровать

bed and breakfast

ночлег и завтрак

bellboy

посыльный

breakdown, trouble

неисправность

chambermaid

горничная

charge per night

плата в сутки

check in a hotel

регистрироваться в гостинице

check out of a hotel

расплачиваться в гостинице

closet

кладовка, встроенный шкаф

conveniences

услуги

deposit

задаток

desk clerk

регистратор

discount

скидка

double bed

двуспальная кровать

double room

номер на двоих

front desk

регистратура

front door

парадная дверь

full board

комната с полным пансионом

furnished apartment

меблированная квартира

get a wake up call

разбудить по телефону

guest

постоялец

heat, heating

отопление

hide-a-bed

раскладной диван

hotel

гостиница

hotel accommodation, room

номер в гостинице

house for rent

дом сдается внаем

king-size bed

кровать большого размера

landlady

домовладелица

landlord

домовладелец

laundry, laundromat

прачечная

lobby

вестибюль в гостинице

location

местоположение

make a reservation

забронировать номер

management of a hotel

администрация гостиницы

manager

администратор

manager on duty

дежурный администратор

motel

мотель

one-room apartment, studio

однокомнатная квартира

pay the rent

платить квартплату

price list

прейскурант

private apartment

частная квартира

private entrance

отдельный вход

provide amenities

предоставить удобства

reasonable rates

умеренная плата

rent an apartment

снимать квартиру

roll-away, cot

раскладушка

security

залог

service

обслуживание

service charge

плата за обслуживание

share an apartment

жить в одной квартире

single bed

односпальная кровать

single room

одноместный номер

sofa bed

диван-кровать

temporary living

временное жильё

tenant

жилец

tween beds

две односпальные кровати

two-bedroom apartment

двухкомнатная квартира

utilities, amenities

удобства, коммунальные услуги

vacancy

свободный номер

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are the Front Desk Clerk in the Mariot Hotel. A tourist is checking in to the hotel and you should explain him what kind of rooms and services you have in this hotel, what the number of his room is, what floor it is on and where the lift is. You should explain him how to fill in the form, how much it will be for a night and what the forms of payment are; B) you are a chambermaid and you inform the visitor about services and conveniences. 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from section V. 3. Write a letter to your friend about your staying at the U.S. hotel.

Lesson 5 USING THE TELEPHONE I. NOTE All telephone numbers in the United States have 10 digits a 3 digit area code, plus a 7 digit local telephone number. Each state has at least one area code; some states have more than one. Consult your local telephone directory for specific area codes. When giving phone numbers, Americans normally list each digit individually (i. e., 2-2-3-4-7-4-6, for 223-47-46). You can dial directly over 150 countries from most U.S. telephones. To direct dial, simply: – Dial the hotel access code (check with the hotel operator; this number is usually 8 or 9); – Dial 01l, the international access code; – Dial the country code; – Dial the city code; – Dial the local number. To call Paris, France, for example, you would dial: – 011-33-1-local number in Paris. Remember the time difference between various parts of the U.S. and your home. The U.S. itself has four time zones: Eastern, Central, Mountain and Pacific. When it is 9 a.m. in New York City, it's 6 a.m. in Los Angeles, California. When staying at a hotel, you can charge a call to your room and pay for it when you check out. However, sometimes hotels will impose a surcharge, and it is cheaper to use a telephone credit card. Check with your hotel operator about this. II. DIALOGUE Operator: How can I help you? You: I'd like to make an international call. Operator: You can dial directly from your room if you like. You: What? I'm sorry. I don't understand what to do. Operator: Just hang up, then dial 011, your country and city codes, and your number. You: O.K, fine. Thanks for your help. Operator: Would you like to charge the call to your room or pay with a credit card? You: To my room. Operator: All right. I'll take care of it for you. Have a nice evening. (You dial the correct number and wait several seconds until your call goes through).

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you are talking to someone. Answer him in the way shown. Examples: I'm hungry. Are you? I'm not. I'm not tired. Aren't you? I am. 1. I like Brian. ... 2. I can't ride a horse. ... 3. I've got plenty of friends. ... 4. I didn't enjoy the film much. ... 5. I'd get married if I were in Tom's position. ... 6. I don't like living in the country. ... 7. I'm not going to have anything to eat. ... 8. I've never been to America. ... 9. I thought the exam was quite easy. ... 2. Here too you are talking to someone. You have the same ideas, taste etc. as your friend. Use So ... or Neither... each time. Examples: I'm feeling tired. So am I. I don't like eggs. Neither do I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I need a holiday ... . I don't like milk ... . I couldn't get up this morning. ... . I'd love a cup of tea ... . I've never been to Africa ... .

6. I was ill yesterday ... . 7. I should smoke less ... . 8. I spent the whole evening watching television ... . 9. I didn't know that Ann was in hospital ... . IV. IDIOMS

Shoot Off One's Mouth (express one's opinions loudly) Jim doesn't play tennis very much, but he's always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. Yet he's fooling nobody. Jim is somewhat of a braggart and everyone knows that he gives opinions without knowing all the facts and talks as if he knew everything about the game. Snow Job (insincere talk) The salesman tried to convince a group of investors that the properties he was selling would soon be worth much more money that he was asking. However, no one bought anything from him because they felt he was giving them a snow job. No one was deceived by his insincerity and exaggerated claims about the worth of the properties.

Shoot the Breeze (chat informally) What are you going to be doing this afternoon? Oh, I don't have anything in particular in mind. Why don't you come over to my place? We can listen to some records and shoot the breeze. That sounds OK to me. I'd like to relax listening to music and visit and chat informally until my folks get back from shopping. In Stitches (laughing very hard) Danny was hilarious at the party the other night. He had us all in stitches! I didn't realize that he was such a comedian. He's always been funny, but last night he outdid himself. He had us laughing so hard that it hurt our sides. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Telephoning Where can I find a phone (a pay phone)? How do I use this phone? What coins do I need for the phone? How much do I need to make a call from a pay phone? I'm out of change. Please, give me change for the phone. I need some change to make a telephone call. Is there a change machine near here? Do I have to put money in before or after dialing the number? How much will it cost to make a call to ... ? Do I have to pay to talk to the operator? How much do you charge for a call to ... ? How much does one minute cost? How much does local call cost? What number do I dial in an emergency? Do I have to pay to call 911? Are emergency calls free? When is it cheaper to make a long-distance call? How do I make a collect call? I'd like to make a collect call to ... How do I get the money I deposited back if the call doesn't go through? I would like to place a call to ... Is this the long-distance operator? Please, place a call to ... ? I will use the phone in my room.

I'd like to cancel my order. Can I place a call to ... for 8 p.m.? How do I call the long-distance operator? Can I dial direct to a foreign country? Can I dial a long-distance call from this phone? Can I dial direct to Germany? How can I find a telephone number in the directory? I want to look up the phone number of ... in the White Pages Can you give me the number of ... ? How do I call local information to find the area code for ... ? I'd like the number for ... What number do I dial for information? What number do I dial for the operator? May I have your phone number? What is the country code? What is the area code? My number is ... My number in the city is ... Do I have to go through the operator or can I dial direct? Give me the long-distance operator. Give me an outside line, please. Put me through to Mr. ... , please. Please put me through to extension 25. May I use your phone? This is ... speaking. Hold the line (Hold on a moment). The line is very bad. I can't hear what you are saying. I can't hear the person I'm talking to. Please speak louder. Speak slowly, please. Can you repeat that, please? Can you say that again, please? I can't get through. There's no answer. I can't reach this number. The telephone is out of order. Please hang up and call again. I've got a crossed line and I can hear other people talking. I keep getting a crossed line. My call was disconnected. I was cut off. We were disconnected.

I got the wrong number. The line is busy. Could you give him a message, please? Ask Mr. ... to call me. I'll call later. I'm sorry, it must be the wrong number. I'm sorry I've got the wrong number. Thanks for calling. VI. VOCABULARY answering machine

автоответчик

area code

код города

bill

счет

busy signal

сигнал «занято»

calling card, credit card phone

телефон-автомат, работающий со специальной карточкой

coin release

возврат монет

coin slot

щель телефона-автомата

collect call, reverse charges call

телефонный разговор с оплатой абонентом

cost of a call

стоимость телефонного разговора

country code

код страны

desk phone

настольный телефон

dial tone

протяжный гудок телефона

dial-direct call

звонок по прямому телефону

directory assistance (information)

справочная

discount rate

льготная ставка

emergency call

экстренный вызов

extension number

добавочный номер

home phone

домашний телефон

inside line

внутренний телефон

international code

международный код

line

телефонная линия

long-distance call

междугородный вызов

long-distance dial-direct call

звонок по междугородному телефону

long-distance operator

междугородная станция

long-distance operator assisted call

междугородный вызов через телефонистку

office telephone, business telephone

служебный телефон

operator-assisted charge

плата за междугородный вызов через телефонистку

outside line

городской телефон

peak rate

ставка в часы пик

person-to-person call

междугородный вызов с указанием лица

phone booth

телефонная будка

phone rate

ставка оплаты за телефонный разговор

private phone

личный телефон

public phone, pay phone

телефон-автомат

receiver

трубка

standart rate

обычная ставка

station-to-station call

междугородный телефонный вызов без указания лица

telephone number

номер абонента

to be billed for a call

получать счет за телефонный разговор

to call back, to call again

перезвонить

to call collect, to make a collect person-to- звонить но междугородному телефону person call, to reverse the charge

с оплатой абонентом

to call through an operator

звонить через коммутатор

to call through an operator

набирать номер через коммутатор

to connect, to put through

соединять

to deposit a coin, to drop a coin

опускать монету

to dial a number

набирать номер

to dial direct

звонить по прямому телефону, набирать номер по прямому телефону

to disconnect, to cut off

разъединять

to get an answer, to reach by telephone

дозвониться

to hang up

вешать трубку

to make a business call

звонить по делам

to make a call, to call

звонить по телефону

to make a long-distance call

звонить по междугородному телефону

to place a telephone call

заказать телефонный разговор

to talk (to speak) on the telephone

говорить по телефону

to talk on an extension

говорить по другому телефону

toll

плата за междугородный вызов

toll free number

бесплатный номер

unlisted number

номер, не внесенный в телефонную книгу

white pages

телефонный справочник (домашних телефонов)

yellow pages

телефонный справочник (телефонов организаций)

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are the operator in one of the U.S. hotels. You are to explain how to make an international call and how to call to another city. You also explain the customer how to make a call through the operator and how to dial from his room. You are to explain the rate for different time of the day and the ways of payment; B) a foreigner asks you how to use a pay telephone in the U.S. What would you say? 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from section V and vocabulary from section VI. 3. Compare telephoning in the U.S. and Russia.

Lesson 6 AT A RESTAURANT I. NOTE There are many kinds of restaurants in the United States – fast food places, like McDonald's and Burger King, cafeterias, diners, specialty restaurants of many nationalities, and gourmet restaurants. In almost any town or city in the U.S., there is usually a restaurant that will suit your taste and your budget. When dining out in most restaurants, a waitress or receptionist will normally greet you and show you to a table. Often, you are asked whether you prefer the smoking or non-smoking section. Once seated, a waiter or waitress will bring you a menu and tell you about the special dishes being served this day. Your waiter or waitress may seem overly friendly (he/she will say "Hi!" to you and introduce him/herself). You'll get used to this informality after a while. When you get the check, you will need to leave a tip, normally 15 % of the amount for your meal, depending on the quality of a service. In most restaurants, you will be able to pay with a credit card. If you uncertain about this, you should inquire before being seated. II. DIALOGUE Receptionist: Hi, will you be having lunch? You: Yes, but I' m not very hungry. It's too hot outside. Receptionist: I know what you mean. It's a scorcher today. You: I'm not used to this kind of weather. I'm glad that everything is air conditioned here. (You go to your table. A waitress comes by and hands you a menu). Waitress: Hi, my name is Kelly, and I'll be serving you today. Can I get you something to drink? You: Just water, please, with ice. Waitress: Of course. I'll be back in a moment. (The waitress returns and you prepare to order your meal). Waitress: Would you like to know our house specials? You: I think I'll just have a salad, bread, and a glass of white wine. Waitress: O.K. What kind of wine? Our house wine is quite good. You: Fine, I'll have some of that. Waitress: I'll be right back with you wine. (You finish your meal and start to feel better. The waitress returns to your table). Waitress: Would you like some dessert? We have a delicious chocolate cheese cake. You: I don't think so. I'm on a diet. Just bring the check, please.

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to complete the sentences with I'll + a suitable verb. Example: I'm too tired to walk home. I think I'll get a taxi. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I feel a bit hungry. I think ... something to eat. It's too late to telephone Tom now ... him in the morning. "It's a bit cold in this room." "Is it? ... on the "heating then." "We haven't got any cigarettes." "Oh, haven't we? ... and get some." "Did you write that letter to Jack?" "Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. ... it this evening." 6. "Would you like tea or coffee?" "... coffee, please." 2. Decide which form of the verb is correct (or more natural) in these sentences. Cross out the one which is wrong. Example: Tom isn't free on Saturday. He will work/is working. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I will go/am going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? According to the weather forecast it will rain/is raining tomorrow. I'm sure Tom will get/is getting the job. He has a lot of experience. I can't meet you this evening. A friend of mine will come/is coming to see me. A: Have you decided where to go for your holidays yet? B: Yes, we will go/are going to Italy. 6. Don't worry about the dog. It won't hurt/isn't hurting you. 3. Now you have to read a situation and then write a sentence with shall I? In each situation you are talking to a friend. Example: It's very hot in the room. The window is shut. Shall I open the window? 1. You've just tried on a jacket in a shop. You are not sure whether to buy it or not. Ask your friend for advice ... . 2. You're going out. It's possible that it will rain and you're not sure whether to take an umbrella or not. Ask your friend for advice ... . 3. It's Ann's birthday soon and you don't know what to give her. Ask your friend for advice. What ... ? 4. Your friend wants you to phone him/her later. You don't know what time to phone. Ask him/her. What ... ?

This time you have to make sentences with shall we? Example: You and your friend haven't decided what to do this evening. You say: What shall we do this evening? 5. You and your friend haven't decided where to go for your holidays. You say: Where ... 6. You and your friend haven't decided what to have for dinner. You say: ... 7. You and your friend are going out. You haven't decided whether to go by car or to walk. You say: ... or ... 4. In this exercise you have to put a question tag on the end of each sentence. Examples: Tom won't be late, will he? They were very angry, weren't they? 1. Ann's on holiday, ... ? 2. You weren't listening, ... ? 3. Sue doesn't like onions, ... ? 4. Jack's applied for the job, ... ? 5. You've got a camera, ... ? 6. You can type, ... ? 7. He won't mind if I go early, ... ? 8. Tom could help you, ... ? 9. There are a lot of people here, ... ?

10. Let's have dinner, ... ? 11. This isn't very interesting, ... ? 12. I'm too fat, ... ? 13. You wouldn't tell anyone, ... ? 14. Listen, ... ? 15. I shouldn't have got angry, ... ? 16. Don't drop it, ... ? 17. They had to go home, ... ? 18. He'd never seen you before ... ?

IV. IDIOMS Dressed to the Teeth (dressed elegantly) Did you see Hilda at the party last night? Yes, I did. She was really dressed to the teeth! Well, she had on her finest, most elegant clothing because she was out to make a good impression on Bill. Eyes are Bigger Than One's Stomach (take more food than one can eat) Chris, why don't you finish eating that third helping of dessert? I guess my eyes were bigger than my stomach when I said I wanted more. I'm not surprised. The same thing happens to me. Sometimes, when I'm really hungry, I'll take more food than I can possibly eat. Make the Grade (to be satisfactory; to be what is expected) I’m sorry, but your work doesn’t exactly make the grade. This meal doesn’t just make the grade. It is excellent.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Eating out Can you recommend a good (expensive, moderate, cheap) restaurant? Where can we get a quick meal? Where can I get a good cheap meal? Can you suggest a cheap restaurant? Is the service at this restaurant good? What's the restaurant's closing time? Is there a coffee shop near here? During what hours is the cafeteria open? Where can I get a quick bite to eat? Can you recommend a good coffee shop (dinner, luncheonette)? Is there a pizza place near here? Let's go to some fast food place. I'm sure it's going to be packed. I'm afraid we'll never find seats. We'll have to wait on line. I'm afraid there'll be a long line at lunch time here. I'd like to reserve a table for two for tomorrow at 7 p.m. Can I reserve a table for three for next Tuesday at 8 p.m. How much does it cost for a complete meal for two at this restaurant? Is this place taken? Can I have the menu? Menu, please. There's not much on the menu here. What kind of food do they serve here? What's the house specialty? What are you going to have? I'm not ready to order yet. What shall we start with? What kind of soup do you have? What kind of dressing do you have? What meat dish would you recommend? What kind of fish do you have? What vegetables are you serving today? Can you replace this? I'm starving. Do you want an appetizer? What would you like to start with? What about the entree? What would you like – veal or roast beef? I'd like the broiled (grilled, fried) steak.

I'll have roast turkey with mashed potatoes. Baked potatoes would be good. French dressing would be fine. How is it prepared? I'll have Russian dressing on the salad. What's for dessert? What's yours? What kind of beer do you have? What wine do you recommend to go with meat? Let's order half a bottle of dry white wine to go with fish. I don't drink strong drinks. Do you have expresso? Would you like milk in your tea? Would you like lemon with your tea? Do you want another cup? Would you like a refill? Won't you have some more? Please pass the salt. Help yourself. Help yourself to some more ... Just a little. More bread, please. Will you have a little dry wine? The meal is delicious. The meat is overdone. The meat is tough. Where can I have a smoke here? I'm full. May I have the bill? We'd like separate checks, please. I'll treat you. It's on me. I didn't order this. Do we have to leave a tip? How much is the tip? Let's get a couple of sandwiches to go. Where can we get something to take out? Have a pleasant meal! Enjoy! To your health!

a straw

VI. VOCABULARY соломинка

aperitif

аперитив

appetizers

закуски

apricots

абрикосы

ashtray

пепельница

asparagus

спаржа

avocado

авокадо

bacon

бекон

bag

пакет

doggie bag

пакет для остатков пищи

baked potatoes

печеный картофель

bananas

бананы

bar

бар

beans

бобы

beef

говядина

bitter

горький

breakfast

завтрак

brunch (breakfast + lunch)

поздний завтрак (бранч)

broccoli

брокколи (спаржевая капуста)

cabbage

капуста

sauerkraut

кислая капуста

cafeteria

кафетерий

canned

консервированный

carafe

графин

carrots

морковь

caviar

икра

celery

сельдерей

cherries

вишня

chopped meat patty, hamburger;

croquette

котлета

clam

моллюск

cocktail

коктейль (напиток)

milk shake

молочный коктейль

cocoa

какао

cod

треска

coffee shop, luncheonette, cafe

кафе

self-service cafeteria

кафе самообслуживания

take-out

кафе, обслуживающее навынос

fast food place

кафе с быстрым обслуживанием

cognac, brandy

коньяк

corn, corn-on-the-cob

кукуруза

cottage cheese

творог

cuisine

кухня (кулинарное искусство)

cutlet

отбивная

delicatessen, deli

деликатесы

dessert

десерт

dish

блюдо

second course

второе блюдо

entree

основное блюдо

three-course dinner

обед из трех блюд

dressing

заправка к салату

drinks

напитки

hard drinks

крепкие напитки

soft drinks

прохладительные напитки

liquor

спиртные напитки

fish

рыба

smoked fish

копченая рыба

marinated fish

маринованная рыба

stuffed fish

фаршированная рыба

fixed price menu

меню комплексного обеда

flounder

камбала

fork

вилка

fried

жаренный (на масле)

broiled

(под огнем, без масла)

grilled

(на огне, без масла)

charboiled

(на углях)

gin and tonic

джин и тоник

glass, goblet

бокал

grapefruit

грейпфрут

gravy

подливка

ground beef

фарш

halibut

палтус

ham

ветчина

herring

сельдь

horseradish

хрен

ice

лед

on the rocks

со льдом

kindney beans

фасоль

lamb

баранина

lettuce

салат (зелень)

liver

печень

mashed potatoes

картофельное пюре

melon

дыня

mustard

горчица

napkin

салфетка

noodle

лапша

oatmeal

овсяная каша

onions

лук

green onions, scallions

зеленый лук

yellow onions

репчатый лук

open-face sandwich

бутерброд

order

заказ

a la carte

на заказ

pancake

блин

pancake house

блинная

pastry

пирожное

pate

паштет

pear

груша

peas

горох

pickles

соленья

port

портвейн

potato chips

хрустящий картофель

poultry

птица

pumpkin

тыква

raspberries

малина

roast

жаркое

roast pork

жаркое из свинины

roll, bun

булочка

hamburger

булочка с котлетой

hot dog

булочка с сосиской

salmon

лосось

sandwich shop

бутербродная

sausage

колбаса

salami

копченая колбаса

shrimp cocktail

коктейль из креветок (салат)

snack bar, stand-up counter

закусочная

sour

кислый

sour cream

сметана

sponge cake

торт бисквитный

squash, zucchini

кабачок

steak, rare steak

бифштекс, бифштекс с кровью

stew, braised meat

тушеное мясо

stewed fruit

компот

strawberries

клубника

sturgeon

осетрина

sugar substitute

заменитель сахара

tall wine glass

фужер

tangerines

мандарины

tasteless

пресный

to eat out

обедать в ресторане

to get a snack

перекусить

to order

заказывать

to pay at a cash register

платить в кассу

toast

гренки

tough

жесткий

tray

поднос

trout

форель

undercooked

недожаренный

vegetables as a side dish

гарнир из овощей

vegetables with the entree

овощной гарнир, заказываемый отдельно

vinegar

уксус

waffles

вафли

water

водопроводная вода

watermelon

арбуз

whipped cream

взбитые сливки

wine

вино

wine

виноградное вино

sweet (red, white) wine

десертное вино

fortified wine

крепленое вино

dry wine

сухое вино

fine vintage wine

марочное выдержанное вино

wine list

карта вин

yogurt, yoghurt

йогурт

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are a Front Desk clerk and you are asked about eating out in the U.S. What would you say? B) you are a waitress in U.S. restaurant. Explain the foreigner how to order the meal and recommend some dishes. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV–VI. 3. Tell what you know about American meals and eating traditions. 4. Order dinner for a company of 4 people (one is a vegetarian).

Lesson 7 MAKING AN APPOINTMENT I. NOTE It is unlikely that you will need an attorney, also called a "lawyer", when you travel within the United States as a tourist. You may have occasion to meet one if you are involved in business dealings with an American company. Telephone etiquette is rather simple in the U.S. When calling, it is considered polite to introduce yourself by giving your name: "This is Mr. ... I'd like to speak with Ms./Mr. ... "If you don't give your name, most secretaries will ask who's calling. If the person you're calling is unable to answer, you will be told cither to hold or will be asked if there is a message. There's nothing wrong with leaving your name and telephone number, as well as the reason for your call. In most cases, your call will be returned within a few minutes. II. DIALOGUE Secretary: Good morning, Haskell, Cleaver, and Young. You: I'd like to speak with Mr. Young, please. Secretary: Who's calling, please? You: I'm related to Stephanie Garner. Mr. Young asked me to get in touch when I arrived in the United States. Secretary: Please, hold. (After a minute or two, Mr. Young picks up the phone. You introduce yourself, and he replies): Mr. Young: I'm looking forward to meeting you. Can you come by tomorrow at 10 a.m.? You: Yes, I think so. Where are you located? Mr. Young: Our offices are just behind the State Capitol building. You can walk here from your hotel. You: What time should I leave the hotel? Mr. Young: Oh, maybe around 9:30. It takes about twenty minutes on fool. You: Thanks. I'll see you tomorrow morning. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Now you have to make negative questions. Each time you are surprised. Example: "We won't see Ann this evening". "Oh! (she/not/come to the party tonight?)" I sn't she coming to the party tonight. 1. "I hope we don't meet Brian tonight". "Why? (you/not/like him?)"... 2. "I'll have to borrow some money". "Why? (you/not/have/any?)" ... 3. "Don't go and see that film". "Why? (it/not/be/good?)" ...

2. In this exercise you have to make exclamations (!). Example: You think that dress looks nice. Doesn't that dress look nice! 1. 2. 3. 4.

You think it's a lovely day. ... ! You think it was a good film. ... ! You think everything is expensive these days. ... ! You think Tom looked well. ... ! IV. IDIOMS

Eating Someone (bothering or worrying someone) Hey, Alice. What ‘s been eating you lately? I would like very much to speak to him, but I can’t make an appointment because I don’t know his office telephone number. And this is eating me now. Second to None (better than anything else) This is an excellent car – second to none. Her suggestion was second to none, and the manager accepted it eagerly. All-Out Effort (a very good and thorough effort) We need an all-out effort to get this job done on time. Sally made an all-out effort to get to the meeting on time. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Business contacts The purpose of my visit is to discuss the possibility of cooperation (to establish bus ness contacts). We would like to establish business contacts with you We've come: – to discuss some questions concerning our contract; – to clarify the technical specifications; – to settle the problem of transporting the equipment; – to see the progress of our order; – to discuss the possibility of setting up a joint venture. We have a display of new products at our pavilion. We would like to draw up a contract with you for delivery of your new model. We'd like to place a trial order with you for this model.

We received your catalogues and studied them thoroughly. Your offer is interesting and we'd like to discuss the terms and conditions of our contract. Have you anything to say about the draft contract? Can you consider the possibility of granting the company credit? We don't object to payment by a letter of credit. What are the terms of delivery? We will notify you of the arrival of … In case of delay in delivery you will have to pay a penalty. We'll send our representative to take part in … We'll discuss these details and send you confirmation by telex (fax). We are ready to meet you half way. Can I use your telephone to get in touch with our representative? How do I get there? What time do you expect me? What time should I arrive? I’d be glad to come. Hello! I hope I’m on time. Where should I put my coat? Do you want a drink? Is there anything I can do for you? Please, don’t trouble yourself. Thank you for inviting me. I hope to see you again soon. VI. VOCABULARY accept an invitation

принять приглашение

bring a gift

принести подарок

clause

оговорка

currency clause

валютная оговорка

rise and fall clause

оговорка об изменении цены

client

заказчик

cocktail party

коктейль

competitive

конкурентоспособный

confirmation

подтверждение

delay in delivery

задержка поставки

dinner party

званый обед

draft contract

проект контракта

formal

официальный

give a compliment

сделать комплимент

informal

неофициальный

invite

приглашать

invite someone to stay with

пригласить погостить

joint venture

совместное предприятие

notification

извещение

party, get-together

вечер, вечеринка

penalty

неустойка

presentation

предъявление

prompt delivery

немедленная поставка

rain check

вежливый отказ от приглашения

representative

представитель

trial order

пробный заказ

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Make up dialogues for the following situations: A) one of you is a secretary in a big firm. The other makes a call to this firm to make an appointment with the director. The secretary asks you about your business, explains that the director is not in and asks you if you could come at ... time and ... (day of the week). You ask how you can get there. The secretary explains you the way; B) you have jumped into a friend of yours whom you haven't seen for ages. Make an appointment to some day and place. 2. Make up dialogues with the expressions from sections V and VI.

Lesson 8 GOING TO THE MOVIES I. NOTE You can learn a lot about American culture by watching television and going to the movies. At the present time, films in the United States are still very popular, despite stiff competition from cable television and video rentals. As in many countries, movies in the U.S. are rated as to their suitability for certain audiences: – G, means for general audience; – PG., means Parental Guidance; – PG13, means stronger Parental Guidance (i. e., not suitable for children under 13); – R, means restricted to 18 years of age and older; – X or NCI 7, means adults only. Food and drinks are sold at concession stands in American movie theaters. You will probably pay a good bit more for these items than you would in a grocery store. Many theaters in the U.S. have as many as six different mini-theaters under one roof. Thus, when you buy a ticket you will need to tell the ticket seller what film you wish to see. Many large shopping mails in the U.S. now have a movie theater. You can combine shopping with entertainment, if you so desire. II. DIALOGUE Cashier: May I help you? You: Yes, a ticket, please. Ticket Seller: That will be $ 6.00. (You enter the theater and give your ticket to an usher who tears it in half. You keep one half and he discards the other. At the concession stand you find candy, popcorn, and drinks. The hot popcorn smells delicious. You decide to try some). Concessionist: What can I get for you? You: Popcorn, a coke, and some of those chocolates there. Concessionist: You mean Milk Duds? You: Yes, that's right, a box of Milk Duds. Concessionist: Do you want Classic Coke, Diet Coke or Cherry Coke? You: Ugh... regular Coke, I think. Concessionist: Would you like some butter on your popcorn? You: Yes, thank you. (He hands you your refreshments.) Concessionist: Here. $ 4.50, please. (You pay for your popcorn, coke, and candy, and go into the theater. You can't believe that your refreshments cost almost as much as your ticket).

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Complete each sentence with a verb and an adjective from the box. feel smell

look sounded

seemed tastes

awful nice

fine upset

interesting wet

Example: Ann seemed upset this morning. Do you know what was wrong? 1. I can't eat this. I've just tried it and it ... . 2. Jim told me about his new job last night. It ... quite ... much better than his old job. 3. I wasn't very well yesterday but I ... today. 4. What beautiful flowers! They ... too. 5. You ... . Have you been out in the rain? 2. Choose the right word, adjective or adverb. Examples: The dinner smells/well. Drive careiy/carefuily! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Please shut the door quiet/quietly. Can you be quiet/quietly, please? This soup tastes nice/nicely. Tom cooks very good/well. Don't go up that ladder, it doesn't look safe/safely. We were relieved that he arrived safe/safely after his long journey. Do you feel nervous/nervously before examinations? Hurry up! You're always so slow/slowly. He looked at me angry/angrily when I interrupted him. IV. IDIOMS By and Large (generally, usually) I find that, by and large, people tend to do what they are told to do. By and large, rose bushes need a lot of care. Measure Up to Someone or Something (to be equal to someone or something) Ann is good, but she doesn’t measure up to Mary. This measures up to my standards quite nicely. Yes, it measures up.

On Pins and Needles (anxious; in suspense) I’ve been on pins and needles all day waiting for you to call with the news. We were on pins and needles until we heard that your plane landed safely. Once in a Blue Moon (very rarely) I seldom go to a movie – maybe once in a blue moon. I don’t go into the city except once in a blue moon. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Movies Let's go to the movies. What are they showing today? Where is this film playing? How do we get to the ... ? Is the new film a comedy (a drama, a love story, a mystery, science fiction)? Two tickets for the 9 p.m. show, please. Do you think we can get tickets for this show? What's the movie schedule? This movie won a prize at the festival in ... Who's in this film? This film was the season's hit. This film is worth seeing. This film is for adults only. How did you like the movie? I didn't like the film very much. I didn't understand very much. The film made a great impression on me. I went to the movies by myself yesterday. Television What about watching a movie on television? What's on TV tonight? There's a concert of a famous popular singer on TV tonight. There isn't much interesting on TV tonight. What channel is the concert on? What's on the other channels? What time does the news go on? What sports events will be on TV this week? Where can we rent a video?

VI. VOCABULARY actor

актёр

actress

актриса

adventure film

приключенческий фильм

amphitheater

амфитеатр

applaud

аплодировать

balcony

балкон

box

ложа

box-office

касса

cameraman

оператор

cartoon

мультипликационный фильм

cast

состав исполнителей

character

действующее лицо

comedy

комедийный фильм

composer

композитор

director

постановщик

director-producer

режиссёр-постановщик

documentary

документальный фильм

dress circle

бельэтаж

dubbed film

дублированный фильм

film

фильм

film festival

кинофестиваль

film in color

цветной фильм

first-night, premiere

премьера

genre

жанр

hall

зал

historical film

исторический фильм

landscape

пейзаж

movie theater, movies

кинотеатр

musical

музыкальный фильм

newsreel

хроника

orchestra seats

партер

ordering tickets

заказ билетов

performer

исполнитель

play

пьеса

producer

режиссёр

repertory, repertoire

репертуар

row

ряд

science fiction film

научно-популярный фильм

script

сценарий

serial

многосерийный фильм

shoot a film

снимать фильм

show

сеанс

star

кинозвезда

subject

сюжет

subtitle

титр

the house is sold out

аншлаг

ticket

билет

two part film

двухсерийный фильм

usher

билетёр

wide screen film

широкоэкранный фильм

work

произведение

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: А) you meet a friend of yours. Tell him about the film you've just seen; В) give advice to a stranger where he can go to see a film. 2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of TV. 3. Make a report on film history. 4. Tell the group about your favorite actor/actress.

Lesson 9 SHOPPING AT THE MALL I. NOTE There are many ways to shop in the United States. Many Americans frequent large, enclosed shopping malls in the suburbs of bigger cities. Some of these malls are enormous. They contain restaurants, department and specialty stores, and sometimes movie theaters. In large cities, there are downtown shopping districts, although most shoppers go to discount department stores in the suburban areas. While shopping in the department store, a salesperson will often come up to you and ask if he/she can help you find something. If you prefer to be left alone, you can say: – I'm just looking. If you need help, the salesperson will show you the items you are interested in. Many times there are sales or discounts. You will probably see signs to this effect. Never try to bargain in a department store. In the U.S., bargaining over a price goes on only at flea markets and yard sales. Americans also haggle over a price when buying a very expensive item, such as a house or car. II. DIALOGUE Salesperson: Are you being helped? You: No, I'm not. I'm looking for a T-shirt. Salesperson: For a girl or a boy? You: Both. I have a son and a daughter. Salesperson: What size do you need? You: I guess I'll need a large for my son and a medium for my daughter. Salesperson: How about the color? You: I think I'll get a light green shirt for ray daughter and a navy blue for my son. Are they easy to take care of? Salesperson: Yes, they're washable and shouldn't fade or shrink very much. You: Fine, I'll take the two shirts. Salesperson: How about something for your wife? You: Not right now. I'm going to look some more. Where's the fine jewelrydepartment? Salesperson: Right over there, to the left.

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to complete the sentences. Each time use one of the following words with the correct preposition: belong / applied / apologized / die / concentrate / believe / crashed / depends. 1. When I realized that I had taken the wrong umbrella, I immediately ... apologized for ... my mistake. 2. I was driving along when the car in front of me stopped suddenly. Unfortunately I couldn't stop in time and ... the back of it. 3. Does this bag ... you?" "No, it isn't mine". 4. Don't try and do two things at once ... one thing at a time. 5. Ken is still unemployed. He has ... several jobs but hasn't had any luck yet. 6. "Are you playing tennis tomorrow?" "I hope so, but it ... the weather". 7. If you smoke, there is a greater chance that you will .. lung cancer. 8. I don't ... ghosts. I think people only imagine that they see them. 2. Complete these sentences. Each time use one of the following words with a preposition: rely / listen / look / live / laughing / glanced / paid / happened. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

She's very old and can't live alone. She needs someone to ... I haven't seen Harry for ages. I wonder what's ... him. You must ... this record. You'll love it. I ... the newspaper to see if there was anything interesting in it. When you went to the theater with Paul, who... the tickets? It's not a very good bus service. You can't ... it. What are you ... ? I don't understand what's funny. It's a very cheap country. You can ... very little money there.

3. Complete these sentences with a preposition where necessary. If no preposition is necessary, leave the sentence as it is. Example: He was angry and started shouting ... me. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I've searched everywhere ... John but I haven't been able to find him. Ken gets very jealous. He doesn't like his girlfriend talking ... other men. I don't want to go out yet. I'm waiting ... the post to arrive. Please, don't shout ... me! Be nice to me. We passed Tom as we are driving along. I shouted ... him but he didn't hear. Ann doesn't write ... her parents very often but she phones ... them at least once a week. 7. Can I speak ... you a moment? There's something I want to ask you. 8. Sally is often not well. She suffers ... severe headaches.

9. 10. 11. 12.

The police have been searching the countryside ... the missing girl. She's a bit lonely. She needs someone to talk ... . I don't want to discuss ... what happened last night. I want to forget about it. We're going out for a meal tonight. I must phone ... the restaurant to reserve a table.

In these sentences you have to use the correct preposition (of or about after think. Remember that sometimes you can use either of or about. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

Before you make a final decision, think carefully ... what I said. I don't know what to get Ann for her birthday. Can you think ... anything? You're selfish. You only think ... yourself. "I've finished the book you lent me". "Oh, have you? What did you think ... it?" We're thinking ... going out for a meal tonight. Would you like to come? I don't really want to go out to dinner with Tom tonight. I'll have to think ... an excuse. 19. When he asked her to marry him, she said that she wanted to go away and think ... it for a while. 20. She is rather homesick. She's always thinking ... her family back home. 21. I don't think much ... this coffee. It's like water. 4. In this exercise you have to complete the sentences using a suitable phrasal verb from the box. Use the correct form of the verb each time. Example: Sorry I'm late. The car break down on the way here. break down speak up (= speak louder) turn up (= appear/arrive) close down 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

for weather show off (= show how good you are at something)

get on grow up go off move in

Be careful on that horse! Don't ... How did you ... in your interview yesterday? There used to be a very good shop on the corner but it ... a year ago. "We've bought a new house". "Oh, have you? When are you ... ?" Wayne is eight years old. When he ... he wants to be a pilot. I arranged to meet Jim after work last night but he didn't ... The weather's horrible, isn't it? I hope it ... later. We all know how wonderful you are. There's no need to ... . (on the telephone) I can't hear you very well. Can you ... a bit

IV. IDIOMS Shop Around for Something (to shop at different stores to find what you want at the best price) I’ve been shopping around for a new car, but they are all priced too high. You can find a bargain, but you’ll have to shop around. Ball of Fire (a very active and energetic person) Sally is a real ball of fire – she works late every night. Ann is no ball of fire, but she does get the job done. Bargain for Something/On Something (to plan for something; to expect something) We knew it would be difficult, but we didn’t bargain for this kind of trouble. I bargained on an easier time of it than this. Buy a Pig in a Poke (to purchase or accept something without having seen or examined it) Buying a car without test-driving it is like buying a pig in a poke. He bought a pig in a poke when he ordered a diamond ring by mail. Buy Something (to believe someone; to accept something to be a fact) It may be true, but I don’t buy it. I just don’t buy the idea that you can sweem that far. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS At the department store I've got some shopping to do. Is there a department store near there? What time does the store open? How late are the stores open on Saturday? Where's the men's clothing department? What floor is ladies' clothing on? Excuse me, can you tell me where the dress department is? What floor do they sell ... on? What floor are shoes on? Where's the shoe department? Where are sporting goods? Do you have a camera department here? Where do I go for toys? Where can I buy ... ? Where is the elevator? Where is the exit?

I'm looking for ... I'd like to see ... I am interested in ... Please, show me ... Please, give me ... Do you have ... in stock? I'd like to know how long the guarantee is for? Is there anywhere else near here that I could try? I'd like to look at some suits. I'm looking for a lightweight suit. Please, show me something better (cheaper a different style) I'd like a brown skirt, size 12. Do you have a green shirt? I'm looking for a cotton blouse. This is light (loud, dark). Please show me something in a different color (with another design). I want a tie to match my suit. I wear size 10. I'm looking for a suit, size 40. Do you have a wool skirt in size 16? This dress is too tight. Please, give me a larger (smaller) size. I'm afraid this dress doesn't fit me. It's too big. This coat is too long (short). It's too large (small). Don't you have any other styles? This is already out of fashion. This is in fashion now. This is not quite what I wanted. Excuse me, can I try this on? Where's the fitting (dressing) room? It's just what I want. How does it look? Can you help me, please? I want to choose a scarf for a present. What do you recommend? How much is it? How much does it cost? How much does it come to? What's the price of this? It's too expensive. Have you got anything cheaper? I'll take it, thank you. I won't take it. I'll leave it, thank you. Can I exchange this? Do I pay you or at the cash register?

Where is the cash register? Where do I pay? I think there's been a mistake. This costs ... , not ... Is there tax? I think you've given me the wrong change. I gave you ... and you've given me only ... change. Pack it for me, please. Pack these together, please. Can I return this? I bought this yesterday. It's too small. There's a mark on the sleeve. There's a tear on the back. There's a hole in it. I think it's the wrong size after all. I bought a toaster on Monday. It doesn't work. Here's the receipt. Can I exchange it, please? Can you exchange it for me? Can I have a refund, please? Can I have my money back, please? Can you hold this for an hour? I'm just looking, thank you. I'm being helped, thank you. Where are the restrooms? Where is Customer Service? VI. VOCABULARY amplifier

усилитель

artist's water colors

краски акварельные

ash tray

пепельница

ballpoint pen

шариковая ручка

bargain

дешёвая покупка

bathing suit

купальник

bedspread

покрывало

birthday card

поздравительная открытка

blanket

шерстяное одеяло

board games

настольные игры

book store

книжный магазин

boots

сапоги

bra, brassiere

бюстгальтер

broadcloth

сукно

brooch, pin

брошь

buttons

пуговицы

buy

покупать

camcorder

видеокамера

can opener

консервный нож

cash register

касса в магазине

cashier

кассир

chain

цепочка

cheap, inexpensive

дешёвый

check out (counter)

касса в универсаме

china

фарфор

choose

выбирать

coffee maker

кофеварка

cologne

одеколон

comb

расчёска

complaint

жалоба

cordless telephone

радиотелефон

corduroy, velveteen

вельвет

cost

стоить

cufflinks

запонки

department

отдел

detergents

моющие средства

discount

скидка

disposable blade

лезвие одноразового пользования

dress store

магазин готовой одежды

earrings

серьги

electric appliences

электротовары

eraser

ластик

exchange

заменять

expensive, dear

дорогой

eyeglasses

очки

fabric

ткань

fabrics

ткани

felt pen

фломастер

fishing rods

удочка

fitting room, dressing room

примерочная

flash bulb

фотовспышка

flashlight

электрический фонарь

fur cap

меховая шапка

glass, goblet

бокал

glue, paste

клей

guarantee

гарантия

hair dye

краска для волос

hairpin

заколка для волос

half slip

нижняя юбка

hammer

молоток

handkerchief

носовой платок

headphones

наушники

high heel shoes

туфли на высоком каблуке

hole, tear

дырка

hooks and eyes

крючки и петли

house cleaning supplies

чистящие средства

house paint

краска

immersion heater

кипятильник

knee-high socks

гольфы

knitted wear

трикотаж

light bulb

лампочка электрическая

lighter

зажигалка

loofah

мочалка

loudspeaker

динамик

meat grinder

электрическая мясорубка

men’s wear

мужская одежда

mink

норка

momen’s wear

женская одежда

mug

кружка

nail file

пилка для ногтей

name brand

фирменная марка

napkins

бумажные салфетки

necklace

колье

necktie

галстук

overcoat

пальто

pack

упаковывать

pants

трусики

pants, trousers, slacks

брюки

panty hose

колготки

persian lamb

каракуль

photographic supplies

фототовары

pillow case

наволочка

pin

булавка

pitcher

графин

pound

фунт

precious stones

драгоценные камни

price

цена

printed cotton

ситец

purse, handbag

сумка дамская

quality

качество

quilt

стёганное одеяло

ready made

готовый

receipt, sales slip

чек

remote control

пульт дистанционного управления

return

возвращать

ring up

«выбивать» чек

robe

халат

ruler

линейка

running shoes

кроссовки

sale

распродажа

salesperson

продавец

sandals

босоножки

saucer

блюдце

scarf

кашне

scissors

ножницы

second-hand book dealer

букинистический магазин

self-service store

магазин самообслуживания

sell

продавать

sheepskin

дубленка

shoe polish

гуталин

shoe store

обувной магазин

shoehorn

рожок для обуви

shoelaces

шнурки

shopping hours

часы работы магазина

size

размер

slip

комбинация

sneakers

кеды

souvenirs

сувениры

special price, reduced price, half-price

сниженная цена

spinning reel

спиннинг

sponge

губка

sporting goods

спорттовары

stationary store

магазин канцелярских товаров

stationery

канцелярские товары

store

магазин

store window

витрина

suede, chamois

замша

supermarket

продовольственный магазин

swimming cap

шапочка для купания

swimming trunks

плавки

tape measure

сантиметр (лента)

tape player with a radio

магнитола

telephone answering machine

автоответчик

thread

нитки

thrift shop

комиссионный магазин

tight

тесный

tights

трико

to wrap

заворачивать

tobacco

табак

toy store

магазин игрушек

trying on

примерка

underwear

нижнее бельё

velvet

бархат

video recorder/player

видеомагнитофон и плеер

windup toys

заводные игрушки

wine glass

рюмка

write out a bill

выписывать чек

wrong size

неподходящий размер

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situation: yesterday you went shopping and spent much money. Tell your parents/wife/husband what you spent it on. 2. Compare supermarkets and malls. 3. Make up a dialogue; you are going shopping. You discuss what you need and what place you would better go to. You decide to go to the Mall, because it has a better choice. Then you choose things discussing sizes, colors and fashion

Lesson 10 MEETING AN ATTORNEY I. NOTE In the United States there are probably more lawyers per capita than in any other country in the world. Americans go to lawyers to get divorced, to establish their wills, to sue others or to protect themselves from someone who is suing them, and to seek counsel in case of allegations of civil or criminal wrongdoing. It is not unusual for a person to leave part or all of their estate to a long-lost or distant relative. Sometimes there are special conditions that must be satisfied before any money is paid, as we see in this dialogue. However, for a deceased person to ask someone to relive her youth by traveling to the places she once lived does seem rather strange. II. DIALOGUE Mr. Young: Your aunt Stephanie was a fine lady. She certainly thought a lot of you. As you know, she had no other descendants. So she wanted to leave you the bulk of her estate. You: I can't believe it. I hardly knew her. Mr. Young: Well, it's right here in her will. You can claim your inheritance as soon as you meet the stated requirements. You: What requirements? Mr. Young: After settling in the U.S. as a child, your aunt fell in love in her adopted country. She was especially fond of Atlanta, Washington, Chicago and California. She wanted you to visit some of the places she enjoyed so much. You: That seems easy enough. Anything else? Mr. Young: Here is a sealed envelope with instructions about each place. When you arrive in Washington, for example, open it. Then you'll know what to do. You: This is all very strange. Mr. Young: Yes, it's strange but worth the trouble, I think. When you finish your "treasure hunt" and return to Atlanta, I'll give you your check. (You leave the attorney's office and return to your hotel room. It's time to plan your odyssey through the United States) III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about the past. Example: Tom usually gets up at 7.30. Yesterday he got up at 7.30. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Tom usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning ... . Tom usually walks to work. Yesterday ... . Tom is usually late for work. Yesterday ... . Tom usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday ... .

5. Tom usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening ... . 6. Tom usually sleeps very well. Last night ... . 2. In this exercise you have to write questions. A friend has just come back from holiday and you are asking him about it. Examples: where/go? Where did you go? food/good? Was the food good? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

how long/stay there? ... stay in a hotel? ... go alone? ... how/travel? ... the weather/fine? ... what/do in the evening? ... meet any interesting people? ...

3. This time you have to put the verb into the correct form. All the sentences are past. Example: I didn't go (not /go) to work yesterday because I wasn’t (not/be) very well. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Tom ... (not/shave) this morning because he ... (not/have) time. We ... (not/eat) anything because we ... (not/be) hungry. I ... (not/rush) because I ... (not/be) in a hurry. She ... (not / be) interested in the book because she ... (not /understand) it. IV. IDIOMS

Stick to One's Guns (maintain one's position) In spite of the fact that it was inadvisable to have a controversial figure address the club, the chairman stuck to his guns and insisted that it would make good sense to hear the other side of the question before taking a vote on the issue. He maintained his opinion and position on the matter, even though a number of members tried to make him change his mind. Get the Ball Rolling (initiate action) Look! You've been talking about repairing the roof for weeks now. Don't you think it's about time to get the ball rolling? I know, but I've been busy with other things. I promise I'll get to it this weekend. The time to start doing it is right now! According to the weather report it's supposed to rain tomorrow.

Mind One's P's and Q's (take care in speech and action) Listen, Larry. If you want an invitation to Clarissa's party you'd better mind your P's and Q's. But I haven't been doing anything to offend her. I'll tell you one thing. You're going to have to be careful of what you say and how you act around Susan. Come on! Susan and I are just friends. I know that, but Clarissa is the jealous type. She's liable to think that something is going on between the two of you. Get the Jump on Someone (get the advantage over someone) Did you have a nice time at the school dance last night? To tell you the truth, I would have enjoyed myself more if I had been able to go with Teresa instead of Elena. Why didn't you ask Teresa in the first place? I was about it, but Benito got the jump on me. How did he manage to do that? He got the advantage over me by telling Teresa that if she went with him, he'd take her out to dinner and then to the dance in his brand new convertible. Well, now, she can hardly be blamed for accepting an offer like that! If the Shoe Fits, Wear It (admit the truth) Joe feels rather badly because he's always being criticized for his sloppy personal appearance. With reason. "If the shoe fits, wear it", I always say. Still, I can't help feeling sorry for the guy. I know that what people say about him is true, and that he should admit it. He doesn't seem to want to improve his appearance. Evidently, he himself can't see anything wrong with the way he looks. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS We are a law-abiding nation. Do you consider it to be a fair will? Do you think the court was sympathetic to her? First in the line of succession. Get on the inside. She has a savings account. He possesses property in downtown. Get possession of something. The information in my possession is strictly confidential. There was a quarrel about the ownership of the treasure. He has a life tenancy of the property.

He died poor and left no personal effects. He left her all his property. When a man dies, his estate is divided up among those to whom he has left it. He made a fortune on oil. A heir is supposed to come into a fortune in a six-month time. According to his will, all his property must be given out on charity. The money must be dealt out fairly. He allocated them some money in his will. We will all have a share in his legacy.

affect

VI. VOCABULARY затрагивать, влиять

assumption

предположение

at the close (of)

в конце

attorney

прокурор, адвокат, юрист

attorney at law

адвокат

attorney general

генеральный прокурор, barrister министр юстиции (амер.) адвокат высшего ранга (англ.)

be of significance; be of value

иметь значение

bring before the court

предстать перед судом

come into force

вступать в силу

come of age

достичь совершеннолетия

deviate

отклонять

edict

указ

estate (real/personal)

имущество (недвижимое/движимое)

felony

уголовное дело

fortune

состояние, богатство

go down in history

войти в историю

heir/heiress

наследник/наследница

incapacitation

лишение прав

inherit

получить в наследство

inheritance, legacy

наследство

lawyer

юрист

livehood

средства к существованию

movable

движимое имущество

null and void

потерявший законную силу

on behalf of

от имени

on the eve

накануне

peer

сверстник

public and private law

публичное и частное право

public order

общественный порядок

punish

наказывать

safety rules

правила безопасности

serve a sentence

отбывать наказание (приговор)

serve a warning

выносить предупреждение

shield

ограждать

social insurance

социальное обеспечение

solicitor

поверенный (готовящий дело для адвоката)

term of office

срок полномочий

the age floor (ceiling)

нижний (верхний) возрастной предел

to the detriment of

во вред

turpitude

порочность

vicious circle

порочный круг

work out

разрабатывать

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are an heir after your uncle's death. The inheritance is abroad. What would you do in this case? B) you are in trouble and must be brought before the court. Will you turn to a barrister or will you defend yourself? Explain why. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from section V. 3. What do you think about the profession of a lawyer? 4. Speak on the significance of legislation in the society.

Lesson 11 RENTING AN APARTMENT I. NOTE Many Americans live in apartment buildings, especially young adults and people whose income is either low or fixed. Generally speaking, it is less expensive to rent an apartment than to own a house. Advantages include the fact that you are not responsible for upkeep of the apartment, the building or the grounds. Disadvantages are that you have little control over increases in your rent and that you are not building up any equity in your property. When renting you will probably be asked to sign a lease, which is a sort of contract obligating you to pay rent for a fixed period of time (normally a year). You will also be asked to pay two month's rent at the outset or some form of security deposit in case of damage to the apartment. In most cases, the cost of water and sewage is included in your rent. You will have to pay the other utilities, such as electricity, gas and telephone. II. DIALOGUE You: Hello, I'm calling about an apartment. I'd like to rent a furnished, two-bedroom place. First Apartment Manager: We have one furnished apartment left. It's air conditioned and rents for $575 per month. You: Are the utilities included? Manager: The water is but not the gas and electricity. You: That's a little more than I wanted to pay. Thanks anyway. (You hang up and call another apartment complex.) Second Apartment Manager: Hello, Breezeway Manor Apartments, how may I help you? You: Do you have a furnished, two-bedroom apartment in the $400 range? Second Manager: Why yes, you're in luck. One just came open today. It costs $450 per month, including water. You: Is it on the first or second floor? Second Manager: The first floor. There's also a nice swimming pool. Shall I hold it for you? I'll need one month's rent as a deposit as soon as possible. You: Yes, please do. I'll be right over. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Read each sentence and write a new sentence using 's with the underlined words. Example: The meeting tomorrow has been canceled. Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. 1. The storm last week caused a lot of damage. Last ... 2. The only cinema in the town has been closed down. The ... 3. Exports from Britain to the United States have fallen recently. Britain ...

4. There will be a big crowd at the football match this evening. There will be a big crowd at this ... 5. Tourism is the main industry in the region. The ... 2. This time you have to complete these sentences about animals. Choose one of the words in brackets. Use a dictionary if you don't know these words. Example: The giraffe is the tallest of all animals. (elephant/lion/giraffe) 1. ... is the fastest of all animals. (tiger/cheetah/elephant) 2. ... is a mammal but it lives in the sea. (octopus/elephant/whale) 3. ... is the largest living bird. (eagle/sparrow/ostrich) IV. IDIOMS Have the World by the Tail (be successful and happy) Marc finished school at the top of his class and he was offered an excellent position with an accounting firm. Now he feels that he has the world by the tail. Everything has been working out for him lately, and it's no wonder that he's feeling so successful and happy. Receive Someone with Open Arms/ Welcome Someone with Open Arms (to welcome someone eagerly) I am sure they wanted us to stay for dinner. They received us with open arms. When he came home, the whole family welcomed him with open arms. Jump at the Chance/Opportunity (to take advantage of a chance to do something) John jumped at the chance to rent this house. I don’t know why I didn’t jump at the opportunity myself. Know the Ropes (to know how to do something) I can’t do the job because I don’t know the ropes. Ask Sally to do it. She knows the ropes. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Finding a place to live I must go apartment hunting. I'm looking for an apartment. Do you know of a vacant apartment near here? How do I know if there is an apartment to let? I'm going to ask around. I want to look through the ads "Apartments to let" in the local newspapers.

I want to look through the ads at the real estate office. I want to call this place to find out if the apartment is still available. I'm phoning about your ad in . . . for a room for rent. I understood you have a room to-let. I want a two-room apartment. I'd like to make an appointment to see the apartment. Can I come and see the room? Is there a bus stop nearby? Is there a subway station nearby? How much is the fare? Is there a Laundromat nearby? Is there a cleaners nearby? I'd like an apartment closer to the center (subway, bus, my work). The place isn't very convenient. I'll have to take two buses. What floor is the apartment on? Is there an elevator? Is the room furnished? How many closets are there? Can I see the kitchen? What amenities are there in the apartment? The apartment has no amenities. Is the refrigerator in good working order? The sink in the kitchen is leaking. May I use the phone? May I use your washing machine? I find the room comfortable. How much do you want for this room? How much do you charge for the room? Do you rent the room on a monthly basis? How much is the rent a month? Does the rent include heat (hot water, gas, electricity, telephone)? Does the rent include all utilities? How much is the charge for gas and electricity? It's a real bargain. It seems like the kind of room I'm looking for. When can we move in? Should I pay the rent by check or in cash? Must I leave a deposit? How much of a deposit do you want?

VI. VOCABULARY accommodation

помещение

apartment

квартира

apartment to let

сдаваемая квартира

apartment with all conveniences

квартира со всеми удобствами

area

район

attic room

мансарда

basement

подвал

closet

кладовка, встроенный шкаф

cooking facilities

условия для приготовления пищи

deposit

задаток

fire escape

пожарная лестница

fire extinguisher

огнетушитель

heat, heating

отопление

house for rent

дом сдается внаем

housing costs

квартирные расходы

kitchenette

кухонька

landlady

домовладелица

landlord

домовладелец

lease

договор о найме

leasing

найм

linen closet

кладовая для белья

pantry

кладовая для провизии

pay in advance

платить вперёд

pay the rent

платить квартплату

private apartment

частная квартира

provide amenities

предоставить удобства

reasonable rates

умеренная плата

rent an apartment

снимать квартиру

surety

залог

share an apartment

жить в одной квартире

surcharge on …

дополнительная плата за …

temporary living

временное жильё

tenant

жилец

toilet

унитаз

toilet, bathroom

туалет

two bedroom apartment

двухкомнатная квартира

utilities, amenities

удобства, коммунальные услуги

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are a clerk from "Houses for Sale". Advertise one of the houses; B) you are a landlady of a house for rent. Explain what kind of apartments are in the house. 2. Find out if the apartment your friend rents is convenient to live in. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections V and VI.

Lesson 12 MOVING IN I. NOTE In most parts of the United States, particularly the South and West, houses and apartment buildings are air conditioned. Most apartments and houses also have such appliances as dishwashers, garbage disposals, and sometimes trash compactors. It is not uncommon for there to be a swimming pool as well. The situation in this lesson is a bit unusual, i. e. it would be unlikely for someone to rent an apartment without first taking a look. But since there was only one left, and our intrepid traveler was looking for a short-term rental, we can understand his haste! Here are some words associated with rooms in house and apartments: – bedroom; – living room; – bathroom; – kitchen; – dining room; – den/family room; – basement; – attic; – garage. By the way, in the U.S. a half bath is considered to be a bathroom containing no bath or shower, in other words W.C. (toilet) with a lavatory. II. DIALOGUE Manager: Good morning, are you ready to see your apartment? You: Yes. Let's go inside. Manager: We'll start with the kitchen and dining room. You: Oh good, a refrigerator and stove. Is there a dishwasher, too? Manager: It's right over here, next to the sink. There's also a garbage disposal and trash compactor. You: I'd like to take a look at the bedrooms and bath. (You walk through the living room, which contains a sofa, several arm chairs, tables and a TV. There is wall-to-wall carpeting throughout). Manager: Here are the bedrooms. They're connected by the bathroom. There's also a half bath off the living room. Which bedroom will you use? You: I like the one facing the pool. I'll use the other one for my study. Can I get a desk and chair for the study? Manager: I'll call the office and see if there are any in storage. (You realize that although your apartment is furnished throughout you have no food in your kitchen.) You: I don't have a car yet so I need directions to a grocery store. Manager: You're in luck. There's a supermarket down the street. It's about a tenminute walk. Here are your keys. Hope you enjoy the apartment.

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Read these situations and write three sentences with used to as in the example. Example: Jane is American. She came to Britain and found driving on the left difficult a) At first she wasn't used to driving on the left. b) But soon she got used to driving on the left. c) Now she has no problems. She is used to driving on the left. 1. Juan came to England from Spain. In Spain he always had dinner late in the evening. But in England dinner was at 6 o'clock. Juan found this strange at first. a) At first he wasn't ... b) But after some time he got ... c) Now he finds it quite normal. He ... 2. Diana is a nurse. She started working nights two years ago. At first she found it strange and didn't like it. a) At first she ... b) But after a while ... c) Now she doesn't mind it at all ... 2. Now read these situations and write a sentence with be/get used to. Example: Frank lives alone. He doesn't mind this. He has always lived alone. (he/used/live/alone) He is used to living alone. 1. Ron sleeps on the floor. He doesn't mind this. He has always slept on the floor (he/used/sleep/on the floor) He ... 2. Sue moved from a big house to a much smaller one. What did she have to get used to? (she had/used/live/in a smaller house) She had ... 3. Jack once went to the Middle East. It was too hot for him. (he/not/used/the heat) ... 4. Bill doesn't have any money. He doesn't find this unusual because he has never had any money. (he/used/have/no money) ... 5. Tom is going to live in your country. What will he have to get used to? (Write your own answer!) He'll have to .. . IV. IDIOMS Sitting Pretty (in a fortunate position) I heard that Michael and Jennifer got a good price when they sold their house. Yes, they did. Now they're really sitting pretty. As a matter of fact, they're thinking of going on a long vacation. I wish I were in such a fortunate position. I haven't had a vacation in years.

Feel Like a Million Dollars (feel wonderful) I bumped into Nick at the barbershop yesterday. He looked great, but I noticed that he had a slight limp when he walked. I guess you didn't know that he had an operation on this knee. No, I didn't. How's he feeling? He says he's feeling like a million dollars now. Apparently the pain in his knee is all gone. It's good that he's feeling so wonderful. It must be a refreshing change not having to put up with all that discomfort. Pull Up Stakes (to move to another place) I’ve been here long enough. It’s time to pull up stakes. I hate the thought of having to pull up stakes V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS I want to look through the ads at the real estate office. I want to reply to this ad. I want a two-bedroom house. Can I come and see the house? How do I get to your place? I was told that the house is a five minute work from the subway. The place is very convenient. What stores are nearby? How many closets are there? What amenities are there in the house? The apartment has no amenities. Does the apartment have a telephone? How much do you want for this house? I’m afraid that’s too expensive for me. It’s a real bargain. I’m interested. It seems like the kind of house I’m looking for. When can we move in? Must I pay security? How much is the security? Where do I sign the lease? I’d like to have a copy of the lease.

VI. VOCABULARY accommodation

помещение

attic

чердак

change the voltage

переключать напряжение

closet

шкаф

electric meter

счётчик для электричества

electric wiring

электропроводка

emergency exit

запасной выход

faucet

смеситель

floor

этаж

gas meter

счётчик для газа

ground floor

первый этаж

house key

ключ от дома

key to the lock

ключ к замку

lock on the door

дверной замок

mailbox

почтовый ящик

pay cash

платить наличными

plug

розетка

plumbing

водопровод и канализация

real estate agent

агент по продаже недвижимости

real estate office

агентство по недвижимости

sink

раковина

tax

налог

terms of lease

условия найма

traffic noise

уличный шум

voltage

напряжение

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you would like to by a new flat. What kind of flat would it be? B) your flat is crammed up with things. What can you do to make your flat more spacious? Are there any built-in cupboards or "hideaways" in your flat? 2. Read the following text and discuss what kind of work you usually do about the house.

Lesson 13 SHOPPING FOR GROCERIES I. NOTE Shopping for groceries in the United States is very simple. Most people go to large supermarkets where they can find everything they need under one roof. Most supermarkets contain a meat section where you can buy prepackaged steaks, chicken, fish, pork, etc., or request a special cut from the butcher. Sometimes there are bakeries where you can find fresh-baked products like bread, rolls, pies and cakes. American supermarkets have extensive frozen food sections. Americans thrive on frozen foods, particularly those that they can cook or heat up quickly in their microwave ovens. Frozen foods make up in convenience for what they lack in freshness. It is possible to find fresh foods, especially vegetables, at smaller groceries and farmers' markets. Most large cities have such a place. However, you may have to drive some before you reach the farmers' market. II. DIALOGUE Produce clerk: Good morning. Can I weigh those for you? You: Yes. And how much are the tomatoes? Produce clerk: Eighty cents a pound. How many would you like? You: Tree will be enough. I also want this head of lettuce. How much do I owe you? Produce clerk: Oh, you don't have to pay here. You pay at the cash register when you leave. You: Sorry about that. (You browse through the supermarket stopping at the meat counter and bakery.) Butcher: Can I help you? You: I'd like a chicken, please. Butcher: Would you like it whole or cut up? You: A whole fryer, please. I'll cut it up myself. Thanks. (A bit later, you go to the bakery). Baker: Yes, sir. You: I'd like a loaf of bread, please. Baker: Do you want rye, whole wheat or white bread? You: I'll take the rye. (At the check out counter you pay for your groceries). III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. Example: While, Tom was cooking (cook) the dinner, the phone rang (ring). 1. 2. 3. 4.

George ... fall off the ladder while he ... (paint) the ceiling. Last night I . . . (read) in bed when suddenly I . . . (hear) a scream. ... (you/watch) television when I phoned you? Ann ... (wait) for me when I ... (arrive).

5. I . . . (not/drive) very fast when the accident ... (happen). 6. I ... (break) a plate last night. I . . . (do) the washing-up when it ... (slip) out of my hand. 7. Tom . . . (take) a photograph of me while I . . . (not/look). 8. We ... (not/go) out because it . . . (rain). 9. What ... (you/do) at this time yesterday? 10. I . . . (see) Carol at the party. She ... (wear) a really beautiful dress. 2. In this exercise you have to make sentences with will be + -ing. Example: I'm going to watch television from 9 until 10 o'clock this evening. So at 9.30 I will be watching television. 1. Tomorrow afternoon I'm going to play tennis from 3 o'clock until 4.30. So at 4 o'clock tomorrow I ... 2. Jim is going to study from 7 o'clock until 10 o'clock this evening. So at 8.30 this evening he ... 3. We are going to clean the flat tomorrow. I will take from 9 until 11 o'clock. So at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning ... 3. This time you have to ask questions with Will you be + -ing? Example: You want to borrow your friend's bicycle this evening. (you/use/your bicycle this evening?) Will you be using your bicycle this evening? 1. You want your friend to give Tom a message this afternoon. (you/see/Tom this afternoon?) ... 2. You want to use your friend's typewriter tomorrow evening. (you/use/your typewriter tomorrow evening?) ... 3. Your friend is going shopping. You want him/her to buy some stamps for you at the post office. (you/pass/the post office when you're in town?) ... IV. IDIOMS Different Strokes for Different Folks (everyone has different interests and tastes) It's hard to understand how Millie and Ron ever got together. She has always gone in for sailing and he can't stand to be on water. He enjoys the opera and she likes jazz. You know what they say "Different strokes for different folks" You don't have to tell me that everyone has different interests and tastes I still can't figure out what attracted them to each other in the first place Haven't you heard that opposites attract?

Out of Stock (not immediately available in a store) Those items are out of stock, but a new supply will be delivered on Thursday. I’m sorry but the red ones are out of stock. Would a blue one do? Tighten One’s Belt (to manage to spend less money) Things are beginning to cost more and more. It looks like we’ll all have to tighten our belts. Times are hard, and prices are high. I’m afraid I can’t tighten my belt for so long. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Food shopping Have you got any apples? There are so many different apples here. Which do you recommend? Where can I find cheaper apples? Can I have a pound of cheese? I'd like half a pound of cheese. I want a loaf of bread. Do you carry rye bread? Two cakes and an apple pie, please. Two dozen eggs, please. A box of tea, please. A bottle of club soda, please. What date is on the label? I want a jar of instant coffee. In what aisle are dairy products? I bought some jam here yesterday. It's moldy. They always have fresh items here. Where's the farmer's market? When is the farmer's market open? What can you buy at the farmer's market? VI. VOCABULARY jar

General банка (варенья)

can

банка (консервов)

bakery

булочная

pastry shop, bakery

булочная-кондитерская

store window

витрина

to write out a bill (sales slip)

выписывать чек

bargain

дешевая покупка

complaint

жалоба

check-out [counter]

касса (в универсаме)

shop

магазин

grocery

бакалейный магазин

liquor store, state store

винный магазин

thrift shop

комиссионный магазин

candy store

кондитерский магазин

dairy

магазин молочных продуктов

butcher's, meat market

мясной магазин

fruit and vegetable store

овощной магазин

grocery store, food store

продовольственный магазин

24 hour food store

дежурный продовольственный магазин

supermarket

продовольственный магазин самообслуживания

self-service store

магазин самообслуживания

bag

мешок

beverages, drinks

напитки

department

отдел

candy section

кондитерские изделия Items in a Supermarket or a Grocery Store

asparagus

спаржа

beans

бобы

beets

свекла

buckwheat groats, kasha

гречневая крупа

canned goods

консервы

caraway

тмин

carrots

морковь

cinnamon

корица

cod

треска

cottage cheese

творог

crackers

сухари

cream of wheat

манная крупа

dill, fennel

укроп

duck

утка

eggplant

баклажан

flour

мука

frankfurters

сосиски

fruit cake

кекс

garlic

чеснок

ginger

имбирь

grains, cereal

крупа

hazelnuts

фундук

herring

сельдь

ketchup, catsup

кетчуп

kidney beans

фасоль

lentils

чечевица

loaf

батон

mackerel

скумбрия

millet

пшено

moldy

заплесневелый

olives

маслины

paprika

перец красный стручковый

parsley

петрушка

pastry

пирожное

pepper

перец

perishables

скоропортящиеся продукты

poppy seed

мак

poultry

птица

prunes

чернослив

pumpkin

тыква

radish

редис

roll, bun

булочка

salmon

лосось

shopping cart

тележка

shrimp

креветка

soda water, seltzer, club soda

содовая вода

sour cream

сметана

spring water, mineral water

минеральная вода

sturgeon

осетрина

tangerines

мандарины

turkey

индейка

vinegar

уксус

walnuts

грецкие орехи

yeast

дрожжи

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are going to a supermarket. Think of what you are going to buy for a Sunday dinner; B) a friend of yours comes to visit you. Explain to him/her what kind of grocery stores are nearby. 2. Describe the departments of your nearest grocery store and what you can buy there. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections V and VI.

Lesson 14 GOING TO THE LAUNDROMAT I. NOTE If you are not fortunate enough to have your own washer and dryer, you will have to do as many Americans do – either take your clothes to a Laundromat where you will wash them yourself or take them to a commercial laundry where they will be done for you at a relatively high cost. Most apartment complexes, and even many hotels, have laundry facilities with coin-operated washers and dryers. If you have clothes that need to be dry cleaned, you will have to go to a dry cleaner's. You will probably have to wait several days to have your clothes cleaned, although some cleaners provide one or same day service. II. DIALOGUE (Some of your neighbors are also washing their clothes. You turn to one of them). You: How does this washing machine work? First Neighbor: You have to put four quarters in the slot then add the detergent. You: I don't have any change. Where can I get some? First Neighbor: There is a changer over there. It takes dollar bills. Second Neighbor: Do you have any detergent? You: Gosh, I forgot to buy some at the supermarket. Can I borrow a cup? Second Neighbor: Sure. Take as much as you want. (You wash your clothes). First Neighbor: I've finished using the dryer, and there's still some time left if you want to dry your clothes. You: That's very kind. Thanks a lot. First Neighbor: Don't mention it. Here's my business card if you need anything for yourself or your apartment. I manage a department store in the mall. We're having a big sale this week. Why don't you stop by sometime? You: I'll try to. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form. Example: Phil/find a new job. Phil has found a new job. Dear Chris, Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you. 1. Charles/go/Brazil. Charles ... 2. Jack and Jill/decide/to get married ... 3. Suzanne/have/a baby ... 4. Monica/give up/smoking ... 5. George/pass/his driving-test ...

2. You are asking someone about things he has done in his life. Use the words in brackets to make your questions. Example: (you ever/be/to Italy?) Have you ever been to Italy? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

(you ever/be/to South America?) ... (you/read/any English books?) ... (you /live/in this town all your life?) ... (how many times/you/be/in love?) ... (what's the most beautiful country you/ever/visit?) ... (you ever/speak/to a famous person?) ...

3. In this exercise you have to make questions with the words given. Example: (you/hear/from George recently?) Have you heard from George recently? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

(you/read/a newspaper recently?) ... (you/see/Tom in the past few days?) ... (you/play/tennis recently?) ... (you/eat/anything today?) ... (you/see/any good films recently) ... (you/have/a holiday this year yet?) ...

4. Complete these sentences using myself/yourself etc. with these verbs: kick / teach / cut / lock / look / after / hart / burn / talk / to blame. Example: Tom cut himself while he was shaving this morning. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don't ... They couldn't get back into the house. They had ... out. It isn't her fault. She really shouldn't ... . What a stupid fool I am! I could ... ! The boy was lucky when he fell down the stairs. He didn't ... . I'm trying to ... Spanish but I'm not making much progress. He spends most of his time alone, so it's not surprising that he ... . Don't worry about us. We can ... . IV. IDIOMS Clean Someone or Something Out/Clean out Someone or Something (to remove everything from inside; to take everything especially the money that a person has) We cleaned out our garage last weekend. I’m sorry I don’t have any change. My children cleaned me out this morning. The robber cleaned the man out without hurting him.

Wash a Few Things Out/Wash out a Few Things (to do a little bit of laudry, such as socks and underclothing) I’m sorry I can’t go out tonight. I’ve got to wash a few things out. I’ll be ready to leave in just a minute. I’ve just got to wash out a few things. Wash One’s Hands of Someone or Something (to end one’s association with someone or something) I washed my hands of Tom. I wanted no more to do with him. That car was a real headache. I washed my hands of it long ago. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Laundry Where's the nearest launderette? How much does it cost to have clothes washed in the launderette? How long will it take to have clothes washed in the launderette? What coins does this machine use? Excuse me, can you make change, please? I need ... cents to use a washing machine. Where can I get change for the washing machine? Excuse me, can you help me? How much is a load? Excuse me, can you show me how this machine works? Excuse me, can you tell me how this machine works? Excuse me, can you explain this? How much soap should you use for one load? When do you add soap? I can't get the door of the washing machine open. I can't find the coin slot. I can't find where to put the coins. The coin tray is stuck. Water is pouring out of the machine. The machine doesn't seem to work. Can I ask the assistant in the launderette to do everything for me? How much will it cost? How much do I have to pay for using the washing machine? Dry Cleaners I want to have my coat cleaned. Where can I have my coat cleaned? How much will it cost to have these cleaned? How much will the bill for these things be? My jacket is very dirty. It needs to be cleaned. Can a sheepskin be dry cleaned? There’s a stain on the sleeve. Can it be removed? Will all the stains come out? I’m afraid this cotton blouse may fade and shrink if it is machine washed. I’d like

to have it dry cleaned. I don’t want this cotton dress pressed with steam. It may shrink. When will it be ready? I would like to have it Wednesday afternoon. Is it possible? When can I get my clothes back? I’d like to pick up my clothes, please. No, that’s not mine. Mine is black. I want this only pressed. VI. VOCABULARY dry cleaners

Dry cleaners химчистка

fade

выцветать (о ткани)

get clothes dry cleaned

отдавать вещи в химчистку

press clothes

гладить одежду

remove a stain

вывести пятно

run

линять

shrink

садиться (о ткани)

stain

пятно

tо pick up clothes from a dry cleaners

взять вещи после чистки Laundry

bleach

отбеливать

coin

монета

deposit a coin

опускать монету

dryer

сушилка

have clothes laundered

стирать вещи

launderette, laundromat

прачечная самообслуживания

load washing into the mashine

складывать бельё в стиральную машину

operate a washing mashine

управлять стиральной машиной

place coins in a tray

помещать монеты на лоток

service wash

стирка в прачечной (обслуживающим персоналом)

soap powder

стиральный порошок

to mashine dry

сушить в машине

wash cycle

цикл стирки

washing mashine, washer

стиральная машина

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you need to buy a new washing machine. List the reasons; B) there is no washing machine in your apartment. You want to do your laundry and you go to the Laundromat. One of your neighbors doesn't know how the washing machine works. Try to explain. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV and V. 3. Describe the washing machine that was advertised on TV yesterday. 4. Interview your classmates on the utilities and household appliances their apartments and houses have.

Lesson 15 RENTING A CAR I. NOTE Renting a car is a good idea if you want to travel extensively in the United States Driving provides a feel for a country that you cannot acquire by traveling on train or plane. Also, driving offers flexibility – you can stop and start when you feel like it. If you shop around, you can get tremendous bargains when renting a car. Most major companies offer special weekend and seven-day discounts. Greatest savings are to be had with an unlimited mileage plan. Even though distances are greater in the U.S. than in most countries, gas is less expensive, so you will not ruin your travel budget by driving. A final note: most car rental agencies require that you be 21 or more to drive, have a valid license, and that you have a major credit card. II. DIALOGUE You: I'd like to rent a car for several weeks. Rental Agent: Do you have a reservation? You: No, I don't. Rental Agent: Would you like subcompact, compact, midsize, or luxury car? You: I don't need much room, just good fuel economy and safety. What do you recommend? Rental Agent: I have a Chevrolet Caprice ready. Would that be all right? You: Fine. How much does it cost? Rental Agent: Well, if you are renting for a week or more, I would recommend our unlimited mileage plan. You: How does it work? Rental Agent: You pay a flat rate for a week and you can drive as much as you want. You can also drop off the car at any of our agencies nationwide. You'll start off with a full tank of gas. Try to fill it up just before you drop off the car, because we charge more than a regular gas station. You: OK. I'll take it. Where do I sign? Rental Agent: I'll need to make a copy of your credit card. You can start filling out this form. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Which of the underlined parts of these sentences is right? Example: Sue was very helpful. She gave me some good advice/advices. ("advice" is right) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Margaret has got very long black hair/hairs. We had a very good weather/very good weather when we were on holiday. Sorry I'm late. I had trouble/troubles with the car this morning. I want something to read. I'm going to buy a/some paper. I want to write some letters. I need a/some writing paper.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

It's very difficult to find a work/job at the moment. Bad news don't/doesn't make people happy. Our travel/journey from London to Istanbul by train was very interesting. The Hat is empty. We haven't got any furnitures/furniture yet. When the fire alarm rang, there was a complete chaos/complete chaos. I had to buy a/some bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches. After spending most of his life traveling round the world, he is now writing a book about his experience/experiences.

2. Now you have to complete these sentences using these words: progress / advice / accommodation / hair / work / experience / information / paper / permission. Example: We haven't got anywhere to live. We're looking for (some) accommodation. 1. I don't think Ann will get the job. She hasn't got ... 2. They'll tell you all you want to know. They'll give you plenty of ... 3. You'll easily recognize Alan. He's got green ... 4. Carla's English has improved. She has made ... 5. I want to write down your address. Have you got ... ? 6. If you want to leave early, you have to ask for ... 7. George is unemployed at the moment. He is looking for ... 8. I didn't know what to do. So I asked Jack for ... 3. Now you have to put in a/an or some, or leave a space (without a word). Examples: I've seen some good films recently. Have you got a headache? Are most of your friends… – … students? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Have you got ... camera? Would you like to be ... them. Bill's got ... big feet. Do you collect ... stamps? Tom always gives Ann ... on her birthday. Those are ... really nice trousers. Where did you get them? What ... beautiful garden! What ... lovely children! ... birds, for example, the cannot fly. Jack has got ... very long legs, so he's ... fast runner.

11. You need ... visa to visit ... foreign countries, but not all of actor? 12. I'm going shopping. I'm going to get ... new clothes. 13. Jane is ... teacher. Her parents flowers were ... teachers too. 14. When we reached the city center, ... shops were still open but most of them were already closed. 15. Do you enjoy going to ... concerts? 16. When I was ... child, I used to penguin, shy.

4. Complete these sentences with much, many, a lot (of). Sometimes there are two possibilities. Examples: There weren't many people at the party I had seen before. It cost me a lot of money to furnish this house. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

We'll have to hurry. We haven't got ... time. Torn drinks ... milk – one liter a day. She is a very quiet person. She doesn't say ... . I put ... salt in the soup. Perhaps too ... . ... people do not like flying. The man was badly injured in the accident. He lost ... blood. It's not a very lively town. There isn't ... to do. This car is expensive to run. It uses ... petrol. Don't disturb me. I've got ... work to do. He's got so ... money, he doesn't know what to do with it. He always puts ... salt on his food. We didn't take ... photographs when we were on holiday.

5. Complete these sentences with little / a little / few / a few. Example: Hurry! We've got little time. I last saw Tom a few days ago. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

We didn't have any money but Tom had ... . He doesn't speak much English. Only ... words. Nora's father died ... years ago. "Would you like some more cake?" "Yes, please, but only ..." This town isn't very well-known and there isn't much to see, so ... tourists come here. I don't think Jill would be a good teacher. She's got ... patience with children. This is not the first time the car has broken down. It has happened ... times before. The cinema was almost empty. There were very ... people there. There is a shortage of water because there has been very ... rain recently. IV. IDIOMS

Lemon (something defective) Have you see Joanne's new car yet? Yeah. It looks good, but she's had nothing but problems with it. That's too bad. It sounds like she got a real lemon. She sure did! No sooner did she drive it home from the dealer's than it proved defective and started breaking down. Move Heaven and Earth to Do Something (to make a major effort to do something) I’ll move heaven and earth to be with you, Mary. I had to move heaven and earth to get there on time.

Rent Something Out/Rent out Something (to rent something to someone) We rented out our house when we went to Europe for a year. We rented our spare room out to get some extra money. Rest Assured (to be assured; to be certain) Rest assured that you’ll receive the best car. Please, rest assured that we will do everything possible to help. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Renting a car Where can I get a driver's license? What documents do I need? How much does it cost? Where will I receive my license? Where can I rent a car? How much does it cost to rent a car? What is the cost per day (per mile)? I can't understand which rate applies for renting a car for 3 days. What are the weekly (monthly) rates? How do I pay for renting a car? What's the gas mileage? I'd like to rent a car for a week, please. How much will it be? How much is the deposit? I want a car between the 10th and 20th of May. When can I pick up the car? What kind of gas docs it take? What do I do if the car breaks down? Do I have to pay for repairs if the car breaks down? Who do I call if the car breaks down? Who do I notify if there's an accident? On the road How do we get to ... ? Is this the way to ... ? Where does this road go to? I'm afraid we are lost. Can you show me the way to ... on this map? In which direction must I go? Where do I turn? Are we driving in the right direction? How many miles are there to ... ? How long will it take us to ... ? Is there a service station along this way?

Where can I have the car repaired? Can you help me change the tire? Can you tow my car? Isn't it dangerous to go on without fixing the trouble? How long will the repair take? Can I park my car here? Can I park here? Where can I park my car? Where is the parking lot? Where is the parking garage? How much does it cost to park here for one hour? How long can I leave my car here? What coins do I have to put in the parking meter? What do I do if I get a parking ticket? VI. VOCABULARY accelerate

прибавьте скорость

attendant at the gas station

служащий станции

automatic transmission

автоматическая коробка передач

back up

подайте назад

battery

аккумулятор

change lanes

смените ряд

damage a car

повредить автомобиль

dead battery

«севший» аккумулятор

drive a car

водить автомобиль

driver’s license

водительские права

driving regulations

правила вождения автомобиля

driving violation

нарушение правил

economy car

малолитражный автомобиль

fender

бампер

freeway, expressway

автострада

gas station

автозаправка

go forward

поезжайте вперёд

have the car repaired

ремонтировать автомобиль

hold up traffic

задерживать движение

horn

гудок

let the car pass

пропустить автомобиль

main road

главная дорога

one-way traffic

одностороннее движение

overtake a car

догнать автомобиль

overtake and pass a car

догнать и обогнать автомобиль

park

припаркуйтесь

parking lights

габаритные огни

pick up a car from a rental company

забрать арендованный автомобиль

pull out

выезжайте на левую полосу

pull over to the curb

прижмитесь к обочине

release the handle brake

снять с ручного тормоза

reserve a car

заказать автомобиль в прокате

rest area, parking area

автостоянка

road accident

дорожное происшествие

self-serve island

станция самообслуживания

service station

авторемонтная мастерская

set the handle brake

поставить на ручной тормоз

side road

второстепенная дорога

slow down

сбавьте скорость

start the engine

включите двигатель

stop

остановитесь

stop at the “stop” sign

остановитесь у знака «стоп»

traffic circle

круговое движение

traffic jam, hold-up, tie-up

дорожная пробка

traffic laws

правила движения

traffic police

автоинспекция

traffic signs, road signs

дорожные знаки

turn left

поверните налево

two-way traffic

двустороннее движение

used car

подержанный автомобиль

windshield

ветровое стекло

wipers

«дворники»

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are a car rental agent. Advertise the car rental agency you work for; B) you have rented a car for several weeks. Tell your friend as much as you can about it. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from section V. 3. Set your imagination free and tell us what our life would be without cars. 4. Prepare a list of questions for the engineer who has designed a new car. 5. Make a report on car models.

Lesson 16 APPLYING FOR A CREDIT CARD I. NOTE One of the fundamental rites of passage for most young adults in the United States is applying for and receiving their first credit card. Credit cards are issued by almost anyone – bookstores, service stations, banks, department stores, record stores, etc. The requirements for some credit cards are tougher than for others. Many people start off with a gasoline card, which is relatively to obtain. Two of the best known brands of credit or bank cards in the U.S. are Visa and MasterCard. Most of these cards carry a monthly service charge as well as annual interest in the 16–21 % range. Cards like American Express are not actually credit cards, because you cannot defer payment on any part of your balance. Having a credit card opens many doors in the U.S., but also entails considerable risk if used unwisely. II. DIALOGUE Credit employee: Are you applying for a Miller’s charge? You: Yes, how long will it take for approval? Credit employee: Only a few weeks. Have you filled out the application form yet? You: Not entirely. I’m not a U.S. citizen. My bank and previous charge accounts are all abroad. What should I do? Credit employee: I don’t think there’ll be a problem. Just write down the name and number of your accounts at home. We'll let our credit office work on this. You: Is there a charge to use the card? Credit employee: There’s no charge for the card itself. You pay a small amount of interest on the remaining balance at the end of each month. You: Is there a limit on what I can charge? Credit employee: We’ll start you off with a $1200 maximum. If your credit history is good, and you need to increase your line, we can usually do it. You: Great. When can I start using it? Credit employee: We should have approval within ten days. Where shall we mail your card? You: To this address. I’m having all my mail forwarded while I’m out of town. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to answer the questions in the way shown. Example: “Did Ann make that dress herself ?” “No, she had it made.” 1. “Did you cut your hair yourself?” “No, I ...” 2. “Did they paint the house themselves?” “No, they ...” 3. “Did Jim cut down that tree himself?” “No, ...” 4. “Did Sue repair the car herself?” “No, ...”

2. You are giving advice to a friend. Use should or shouldn't. Example: Your friend is always coughing because he smokes too much. Advise him to stop smoking. You should stop smoking. 1. Your friend has a bad toothache. Advise him to go to the dentist. You ... 2. Your friend rides his bicycle at night without lights. You think this is dangerous. Advise him not to do it. ... 3. Your friend is going to visit Greece. Advise him to learn a few words of Greek before he goes. ... IV. IDIOMS For a Song (for very little money) Sara, I picked up the perfect chair for the living room the other day. That’s wonderful. I know you’ve been looking for some time. Where did you finally come across what you wanted? I was really quite lucky. I got it for a song at a little furniture store. I was able to buy it for very little money because the owners of the store were right in the middle of their spring liquidation sale. Money Burns a Hole in Someone’s Pocket (someone spends as much money as possible; informal) Sally can’t seem to save anything. Money burns a hole in her pocket. If money burns a hole in your pocket, you never have any for emergencies. Money is No Object (it does not matter how much something costs) Please, show me your finest automobile. Money is no object. I want the finest earrings you have. Don’t worry about how much it costs because money is no object. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Credit cards Where can I get a credit card? What annual fee do I have to pay to get the card? When do I pay the annual fee? What do I need to get a credit card? What documents do I need prove my income? What credit line can I have? What credit cards are accepted here? Do you accept Master Card?

VI. VOCABULARY account

счёт (в банке)

amount

сумма

annual fee

ежегодная плата

balance

остаток

bank

банк

bank statement

выписка из счёта

bank teller

кассир (в банке)

banking

банковские операции

bill

банкнота; купюра

blank check

незаполненный чек

bounced check

чек, возвращенный банком (из-за отсутствия средств на счёте)

canceled check

погашенный чек

change, small change, silver

мелочь

check

чек

checking/savings account

комбинированный/текущий счёт

code number of a bank branch

код отделения банка

countersignature

контрольная подпись

deposit

вклад

deposit account

срочный вклад

deposit slip

приходный ордер

hard (freely convertible) currency

свободно конвертируемая валюта

holder of a check

владелец чека

identification card

удостоверение личности

interest

проценты по вкладам

line of credit

сумма предоставляемого кредита

loan

займ

money

деньги

money order

денежный перевод

non-banking hours

нерабочие часы банка

personal identification number

номер удостоверения личности

personal reference

рекомендация

plastic card

чековая карточка

purchase reference

свидетельство о покупке туристских чеков

rate of exchange

валютный курс

savings account, deposit account

срочный счёт

savings bank

сберегательный банк

service charge

плата (за услуги)

service charge (fee) on a check

плата за банковские операции по оформлению чека

spending money, pocket money

карманные деньги

tax

налог

to bank by computer

получать деньги по автомату в банке

to be taxable

подлежит обложению налогом

to carry cash

носить деньги с собой

to cash a check

получать деньги по чеку

to cash a check

оплачивать чек

to draw money out of one’s account

снимать деньги со счёта

to earn interest on money

получать проценты по вкладам

to exchange one’s money for dollars

обменивать валюту на доллары

to wire money

переводить деньги по телеграфу

to withdraw money from one’s account

снятие денег со счёта

withdrawal slip

расходный ордер

Abbreviation PIN = personal identification number номер удостоверения личности VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) explain to your friend who is from Russia how he could apply for a credit card in the USA; B) you are a bank employee. You have to explain to your customer what she needs to do to get a credit card and the difference between various credit cards. 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV–VI. 3. Say what you have learnt about credit cards in the USA. 4. Say if there is the same system of credit cards in Russia.

Lesson 17 ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS I. NOTE Despite the size of the United States, it is easy to travel from state to state by taking the extensive interstate system. Interstate highways crisscross America from north to south and east to west. If you’re driving from coast to coast, you should allow several weeks so you can see the sights along the way. Travel agencies can help you plan the trip and make hotel or motel reservations for you. Some agencies, like the AAA, specialize in automobile travel. One of their services is to plan a driving trip for you. They will put together an itinerary along with maps and recommendations about interesting sights you may want to see. Unlike travel agencies, AAA requires that you join their organization, so you can take advantage of such services as trip planning, insurance, etc. Despite the high quality of interstate highways in the U.S. you should be careful not to drive too fast. Most highways are patrolled by police with radar. II. DIALOGUE AAA Agent: Good morning. Can I help you? You: I’m trying to figure out the best way to get to Washington, D.C. AAA Agent: Are you driving or flying? You: I’m driving. My car’s parked outside. AAA Agent: You have two options. The first is to take Interstate 85 north through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia. You: What’s the other option? AAA Agent: You could also take I-75 north through Georgia into Tennessee. In Tennessee, you pick up I-81 which will take you through Virginia to Washington. You: Is there a difference in distance between the two? AAA Agent: I-85 is somewhat shorter, but it’s not as scenic, and there’s usually a lot more traffic. You: How do I pick up I-85 in Atlanta? AAA Agent: Just head north on the freeway until you reach the I-285 beltway. Then follow the signs. You: By the way, do you have any information about the Washington, D.C. area? AAA Agent: Sure. Here’s a packet of brochures. Do you need a hotel reservation? You: No thanks. I’ve already made one. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make suggestions. Use could. Example: Where shall we go for our holidays? (Scotland) We could go to Scotland. 1. What shall we have for dinner tonight? (fish) ... 2. When shall we go and see Tom? (on Friday) ... 3. What shall I give Ann for her birthday? (a book) ...

2. Complete these sentences with must or have to (in its correct form). Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only have to is possible. Example: Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I must (or have to) go now. Ann was feeling ill last night. She had to leave the party early. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

You really ... work harder if you want to pass that examination. Many children in Britain ... wear uniform when they go to school. Last night Don suddenly became ill. We ... call the doctor. Ann has ... wear glasses since she was eight years old. I’m afraid I can’t come tomorrow. I ... work late. I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. I ... work late. Tom may ... go away next week. We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We ... take it to a garage. When you come to London again, you ... come and see us.

3. Now make questions with have to. Example: “Tom had to go to the police station.” “Why did he have to go to the police station? ” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

“Ann has to leave tomorrow”. “What time exactly ...” “We had to answer a lot of questions in the examination”. “How many questions ...” “George had to pay a parking fine”. “How much ...” “I have to get up early tomorrow”. “Why ...”

4. This time make negative sentences with have to. Example: “Did they change trains?” “No, it was a through train so they didn’t have to change (trains)”. 1. 2. 3. 4.

“Did you pay to get into the concert?” “No, we had free tickets so we ...” “Does Jack shave?” “No, he’s got a beard so ...” “Did you get up early this morning?” “No, it’s my day off so ...” “Do you work?” “No, I’m extremely rich so ...” IV. IDIOMS

All Roads Lead to Rome (there are many different routes to the same goal) Mary was criticizing the way that Jane was planting the flowers. John said, “Never mind, Mary, all roads lead to Rome.” Some people learn by doing. Others have to be taught. In the long run, all roads lead to Rome.

End of the Road End of the Line (the end; the end of the whole process; death) When we reach the end of the road on this project, we’ll get paid. You’ve come to the end of the line. I’ll not lend you another penny. When I reach the end of the road, I wish to be buried in a quiet place, near some trees. A Stone’s Throw Away (a short distance; informal) John saw Mary across the street, just a stone’s throw away. Philadelphia is just a stone’s throw away from New York City. All the Way (from the beginning to the end) I walked all the way home. The ladder reaches all the way to the top of the house. Get in Someone’s Way (to interfere with someone’s movement or intentions) Tom is going to back out the car. Please, don’t get in his way. I intend to run for Congress. You had better not get in my way. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Asking the way I’m a stranger here. I’m a foreigner. Excuse me, can you tell me where ... is? Can you tell me the way to ... ? How can I get from here to ... ? Can you tell me how to get to ... ? Is it far from here? Is it too far to walk? How far is it from here? Can I walk there or must I take a bus or subway? What is the shortest way to ... ? What is the best way to get there? Can you show me how to get there on this map? Write down the address for me, please. I’m trying to locate this address. I don’t know the way to ... I’ve lost my way. Officer, I think I’m lost. What’s the name of this street? Am I going the right way for ... ? In what direction must I go? Where is the crossing?

Is there a city information center? Where is the city information center? Is there a subway station (post office, coffee shop, McDonalds) near here? This way, sir. It’s only a short way to the square. It’s a long way from here. Which is the best way there? You are going in the opposite way (direction). I can’t find my way in. Which is the way out? Are you going my way? Shall I see you part of the way? He lives over the way (on the other side of the road). It is an out-of-the-way place (corner). The taxi-driver brought us a long way round, not by the shortest way. Where does the road lead? You may go by either road. You’ve mistaken the road. May I help you over the road? Are we on the right road? On turning the corner you’ll see that the road descends steeply. The road slopes to the sea by a gradual descent. The roads are slick (slippery) with wet mud. The motor-car skidded (slipped sidewise) on the wet road. It’s a long distance off. It’s no distance at all. It’s quite a distance from here. Oh, some distance. He lives within easy distance from his office. My house is within walking distance from the University.

avenue

VI. VOCABULARY авеню

beach

пляж

block

квартал

booth

будка, кабина

busy

занятый, оживлённый (об улице)

center

центр

change

изменять, менять

cinema

кинотеатр

circus

цирк

corner

угол

cross

пересекать, переходить (улицу)

crossing

перекрёсток

estate

жилой квартал

fare

плата за проезд

find out

узнавать, разузнавать

get on

сесть (на трамвай)

get off

выйти (из трамвая)

hostel

общежитие

lane

переулок

left

левый

main

главный, основной

mean (meant, meant)

иметь в виду

noisy

шумный

number

номер

pardon me

извините

pavement

тротуар

place

место; ставить, помещать

pleasure

удовольствие

porter

носильщик

post

почта

post office

почтамт

right

правый

run (ran, run)

бегать, ходить

square

площадь

stop

остановка; останавливаться

store; department store

магазин; универмаг

taxi-rank

стоянка такси

trolley-bus

троллейбус

turn

поворачивать

underground

метро

zoo

зоопарк

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Add a beginning (begin with: May I ask you…, Be so kind as to…, Will you, please…, Would you, please…, Could I trouble you for…): A) – … – You may go by either road; B) – … – Not that way. The information booth is over there; C) – … – It’s a long distance off. You’d better take a bus; D) – … – Sure it is. We can’t do better than take a taxi; E) – … – Certainly it is, but if you walk, you’ll have to give yourself half an hour to get there in time; F) – … – It’s at the other end of the town; G) – … – It’s a stone’s throw from here. 2. Complete the following sentences according to the given model: If you want to get to the hostel quickly… (взять такси) If you want to get to the hostel quickly, you can’t do(any) better than take a taxi/You should better take a taxi/You had better take a taxi. A) if you don’t want to be lost…(обратиться к девушке в справочном бюро). B) if you want to ask the way… (обратиться к милиционеру). C) if you don’t want to miss the house…(идти прямо). D) if you want to get to the cafe… (дойти до площади и повернуть направо). E) if you want to reach the taxi-stand quickly…(выходить с вокзала с правой стороны). F) if you want to get off at your destination…(попросить кондуктора высадить вас у площади). G) If you want to get there in time… (выходить за полчаса). 3. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV and V.

Lesson 18 BUYING GAS I. NOTE While it is still possible to find full-service gasoline stations in the U.S., they are being replaced increasingly by self service outlets where you pump your own gas. At some service stations, you have the option of pumping the gas yourself or having an attendant do it for you. Usually, the price per gallon of gas is considerably higher at a full service pump. Most service stations accept credit cards for payment, including Visa and MasterCard. Be sure to ask about this before filling up your car. Unleaded gasoline is now required for all cars manufactured in the U.S. There are various grades of octane levels of gas. You will usually find such names as “Premium” or “Super” (highest octane level) and “Regular” for the lower octane level. II. DIALOGUE Service Station Attention: Regular or super unleaded? You: Regular, please. Could you also check the oil and the tires? (You read the instructions for Washington.) Service Station Attention: Your oil is down a bit. Shall I put in a quart? You: OK. Would you mind cleaning the windshield, too? Service Station Attention: Sure. Where are you headed? You: To Washington. I’ve got to do some research there. I know nothing about the city. Service Station Attention: It’s a great place – lots of good restaurants, museums, and stores. How long will you be there? You: I’m not sure yet. Probably several days. Service Station Attention: Have a safe trip! And don’t miss the Smithsonian! (The instruction for Washington look complicated. And you still have to go to Chicago and the West coast! As you drive away, you wonder whether you’ll be able to collect your inheritance after all). III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence with the present perfect continuous (I have been doing). Example: Tom is out of breath. (he/run) He has been running. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Ann is very tired. (she/work/hard) ... Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. (Bob and Bill/fight) ... George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. (he/lie/ in the sun) ... Janet is hot and tired. (she/play/tennis) …

2. This time situation. ]

you

have

to

ask

a question for each

Example: Your friend’s hands are covered in oil. (you/work/on the car?) Have you been working on the car?

1. You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery. (you/cry?) ... 2. You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you/wait/long?) ... 3. Your friend comes in. His face and hands are very dirty. (what/you/do?) ... 3. This time you have to imagine that you are talking to a friend. Read the situation and ask a question beginning in the way shown. Example: Your friend is learning Arabic. How long have you been learning Arabic? 1. Your friend is waiting for you. How long ... ? 2. Your friend writes books. How many books ... ? 3. Your friend writes books. How long ... ? 4. Your friend plays football for his country. How many times ... ? 4. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence. Example: The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut lip. (they/fight) They had been fighting. 1. Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he/study/ hard all day) He ... 2. When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody/smoke/in the room) Somebody ... 3. When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie/in the sun too long). ... 4. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they/play/football). ... 5. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn’t know where she was. (she/dream). ... IV. IDIOMS Gas UP (to fill up one’s gasoline tank with gasoline; informal) I have to stop at the next service station and gas up. The next time you gas up, try some of the gasoline with alcohol in it.

Run out of Gas (run out of energy; lose momentum; run out of petrol) We can’t go any further. We are running out of gas. What a day! We’ve been working since morning, and I’m really running out of gas. This electric clock runs out of gas. I’ll have to get a new one. Add Fuel to the Fire/Flame (to make a problem worse) To spank a crying child just adds fuel to the fire. Bill was shouting angrily, and Bob tries to get him to stop by laughing at him. Of course that was just adding fuel to the flame. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Where is the nearest gas station? I want ... gallons of gas. I need some oil. Fill it, please. Six gallons of regular, please. Five dollars worth of regular, please. Put some water in the radiator. Please, put some antifreeze in. Wash the car, please. Put air in the tires, please. Change the tire, please. Change the spark plugs, please. I want the oil changed. I’d like the windshield cleaned. Will you check the tires? I think the tires are low on air. Check the oil, please. Please, check the battery. Can you charge the battery? What’s the gas mileage? What kind of gas does it take? VI. VOCABULARY amount of gas

количество бензина

antifreeze

антифриз

attendant at the gas station

служащий автозаправки

automatic transmission

автоматическая система передач

back up

подать автомобиль задним ходом

battery

аккумулятор

dead battery

разрядившийся аккумулятор

drive a car

водить машину

economy car

малолитражный автомобиль

fender

бампер

fill the gas tank yourself

заливать бензин самому (самообслуживание)

gas, gasoline

бензин

gas station

автозаправочная станция, бензоколонка

let the car pass

пропустить автомобиль

overtake a car

догнать автомобиль

overtake and pass a car

догнать и обогнать автомобиль

regular gas

обычный бензин (93-й)

release the hand brake

снять с ручного тормоза

rest area; parking areafreeway, expressway

автомобильная стоянка

self-serve island

автозаправочная станция самообслуживания

set the hand brake

поставить на ручной тормоз

super/hi-test gas

высокооктановый бензин

tank

бак

traffic police

автоинспекция

used car

подержанный автомобиль

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Explain what kinds of gasoline stations exist in the United States. 2. Speak on the differences in services at the gas stations in the U.S. and in Russia. 3. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV–VI.

Lesson 19 YOUR CAR BREAKS DOWN I. NOTE Many Americans now have telephones in their cars. Increasingly, you will see people driving while holding a telephone. Some are concerned that it is unwise to drive engage in a telephone conversation at the same time. Those who have car telephones defend their use by saying that they actually drive more slowly and cautiously, because they are not in such hurry to get to the office to return their phone calls. Throughout the U.S., the number 911 has been recognized as an emergency telephone number. By dialing 911, you can report your whereabouts and a lifethreatening situation. Fire, police or medical personnel are then dispatched depending on the circumstances. II. DIALOGUE You: I don’t know what’s wrong. It’s a rental car. Maybe I should call the emergency number of the agency. Motorist: Can I give you a lift to the next exit? (You notice that he has a telephone in his car). You: If you don’t mind, I think I’ll call the rental agency Motorist: Not at all. Go right ahead. (You hang up. You dial the emergency number. The agent who answers tells you to have your car towed to the nearest garage. They will reimburse the garage for any parts and labor.) You: Thanks. Can you drop me off at the Exxon station at the next exit? Motorist: No problem. You’re not from around here are you? You: No, I’m not an American. I’m visiting the U.S. for the first time. I’ve been to Atlanta, Georgia, and now I’m on my way to your nation’s capital. Motorist: You mean Washington? You: That’s right. Motorist: I’ve never been there. I’d like to go there one day. They say it’s a lovely city. Hope the rest of your trip goes well! III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make sentences with may or might. The first four sentences are present. Examples: “Do you know if Jack is in his office?” “I’m not sure. He may be in his office” “Do you know if Ann likes ice-cream?” “I’m not sure. She might like ice-cream” 1. 2. 3. 4.

“Do you know if they are married?” “I’m not sure. They ...” “Do you know if she wants to go?” “I’m not sure ...” “Do you know if he’s telling the truth?” “I’m ...” “Do you know if he has a car?” “I ...”

The next three sentences are past. Examples: “Do you know if he was serious?” “I’m not sure. He might have been serious” “Do you know if they were looking?” “I’m not sure. They may have been looking” 5. “Do you know if she was ill?” “I’m not sure. She ...” 6. “Do you know if she told anybody?” “I ...” 7. “Do you know if they were listening?” “...” And now you have to use may not or might not. Example: “Is Jack in his office?” “I’m not sure. He might not be in his office” 8. “Does she want to go?” “...” 9. “Is he telling the truth?” “...” 10. “Are they ready?” “...” 2. In this exercise you have to talk about your (and other people’s)future plans. But you are not sure what is going to happen. Use may or might. Example: Where are you going for your holidays? (to Italy???) I haven’t finally decided but I may (or might) go to Italy. 1. What sort of car are you going to buy? (a Mercedes???) I’m not sure yet but I ... 2. What are you doing this weekend? (go to London???) I don’t know for sure but ... 3. Where are you going to hang that picture? (in the dining-room???) I haven’t made up my mind yet but ... 4. When is Tom coming to see us? (tomorrow evening???) I’m not sure but ... 5. What’s Jill going to do when she leaves school? (a secretarial course???) She hasn’t decided yet but ... 3. This time you have to talk about possible happenings. Use the word(s)in brackets. Examples: Do you think it will rain this afternoon? (may) It may rain this afternoon. Do you think Ann will come to the party? (might not) She might not come to the party. 1. Do you think Tom will be late? (may) He ... 2. Do you think Ann will be able to find our house? (might not) She ... 3. Do you think there’ll be an election this year? (might) There ...

4. Do you think Tony will pass the exam? (may not) ... 5. Do you think they’ll be waiting for us when we arrive? (might) ... 6. Do you think it’ll snow later? (may) ... IV. IDIOMS Smell a Rat (feel that something is wrong) How come the front door is open? Didn’t you close it before we went shopping? I’m sure I did. I can’t understand it. Frankly, I smell a rat. Me, too. I’m convinced that something is definitely wrong here. We’d better call the police. Go to the Dogs (become run-down) Have you seen their house lately? It’s really gone to the dogs. It’s true that it has become run-down and in serious need of repair, but I’m sure that it can be fixed up to look like new. I guess with a little carpentry work and some paint it could look pretty decent. Take the Bull by the Horns (take decisive action in a difficult situation) Julie had always felt that she was missing out on a lot of fun because of her clumsiness on the dance floor. She had been putting off taking lessons, but she finally took the bull by the horns and went to a professional dance studio for help. She was tired of feeling left out and acted decisively to correct the situation. Hot Under the Collar (extremely angry) Did you see how Bill came in to work this morning? Did I ever! Boy, was he hot under the collar! What brought that on? He said that he was extremely angry because he got stuck in slow-moving traffic and arrived late for an important business meeting. All’s Well that Ends Well (a successful outcome is worth the effort) Hi, Benito. How are things going? Well, everything’s OK now. Remember that teaching job for which I applied? Yes, I sure do. Well, I was finally hired, but I had a bit of a rough time before I got it. Between all that paperwork and all those interviews, I’m all worn out. Thank goodness it’s all over. Great! All’s well that ends well. After all that you went through, I’m happy to hear that things finally turned out satisfactorily for you. Yes, I’m happy, too. It was really worth the effort.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Trouble on the road I have a problem with my car. I want to phone a garage. I have trouble with my car. Can you help me? We must call the police about this accident. There should be a special phone on the shoulder of the road. I’ve had an accident. My car broke down on the ... road (parkway, expressway). My car is stuck. The engine died. The brakes aren’t working. I have a flat tire. The wheels are making a grinding noise. The engine won’t start. I ran out of gas. A car hit my car from behind. Where can I rent a car? How much does it cost to rent a car? What is the cost per day (per mile)? What are the weekly (monthly) rates? How do I pay for renting a car? What’s the gas mileage? How much is the deposit? When can I pick up the car? What kind of gas does it take? What do I do if the car brakes down? Do I have to pay for repairs if the car breaks down? Who do I call if the car breaks down? Who do I notify if there is an accident? VI. VOCABULARY accident report

протокол дорожного происшествия

air conditioning

кондиционер

auto mechanic

автомеханик

auto mechanic shop

станция техобслуживания

back door

задняя дверь

be licensed to drive

иметь водительские права

bearing

подшипник

bend

крутой поворот

brake fluid

тормозная жидкость

car registration

регистрация автомобиля

change gears

переключать передачу скоростей

check the oil

проверить масло

cost of repair

стоимость ремонта

crossroad

перекрёсток

dashboard

приборная доска

engine

двигатель

enter (merge into) highway

въезжать на шоссе

exceed the speed limit

превышать скорость

exit the highway

съезжать с шоссе

fill out an accident report

заполнять протокол дорожного происшествия

flat tire

спущенное колесо

foot brake

ножной тормоз

fork

разветвление

front door

передняя дверь

gear

передача скоростей

gearshift

рычаг передачи скоростей

hand brake

ручной тормоз

highway

шоссе

hold up traffic

задерживать движение

hood

капот

ignition system

зажигание

international Driver’s License

международное водительское удостоверение

level of alcohol in blood

уровень алкоголя в крови

license plate

номерной знак

lights

фары

make a U-turn

развернуться

mileage

километраж

offense

правонарушение

oil

масло

overtake, pass

обгонять; обгон

parking ticket

извещение об уплате штрафа

police officer

полицейский

police station

полицейский участок

put air in the tire

накачать шины

rearview mirror

зеркало заднего вида

repair

ремонт

report an accident

сообщать о дорожном происшествии

road accident

дорожное происшествие

seat belt

ремень безопасности

service station

авторемонтная мастерская

spark plugs

свечи

speed

скорость

speed limit

предельная скорость

steering

рулевое управление

steering wheel

руль

step on the brake

затормозить

tail lights

задний свет

take a driving test

держать экзамен на права

tire

шина

traffic lights

светофор

turn off the engine

выключить двигатель

turn on headlights

включить передние фары

turn signal, “blinkers”

сигнал поворота

turning

поворот

two-way traffic

двустороннее движение

wheel

колесо

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you have just come to the US, and you enquire the hotel receptionist about renting a car. What questions would you ask? B) you have to explain your Russian friend how he can rent a car in the United States. 2. Give advice to a driver whose car broke down. 3. Make up dialogues with the expressions from sections IV and V.

Lesson 20 A WASHINGTON TRAFFIC JAM I. NOTE Washington, D.C., is both the capital of the United States and one its most beautiful and historic cities. The metropolitan Washington area has a population of close to four million. Washington is the headquarters of the federal government. All three brunches of the U.S. government, the legislative (Congress), executive (President) and judicial (Supreme Court) reside and meet in Washington. The President proposes laws and manages America's relations with other countries. Congress makes and passes legislation. Finally, the Supreme Court interprets the laws, deciding whether they are constitutional or not. Some of the famous places mentioned in Aunt Stephanie's letter are: – Georgetown, a fashionable residential area and site of Georgetown University; – Smithsonian Institution: several museums housing more than 60 million items. The museums are as follows: National Air and Space museum (where you can see the Wright brothers’ plane and Charles Lindbergh's “Spirit of Saint Louis”; National Museum of American History; National Museum of Natural History; and the Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building. The world famous National Gallery of Art and Hirshhorn Museum are also part of the Smithsonian; – National Archives, containing the original of Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence; – National Arboretum, which has trees and shrubs from many parts of the world; – Lincoln Memorial, a monument honoring Abraham Lincoln; – U.S. Capitol, the place where members of Congress meet to discuss and vote on legislation. II. DIALOGUE You(reading your Aunt’s letter): “Washington taught me so much about American history. I therefore instruct my nephew to do the following while he is in Washington: 1. Visit Georgetown where I lived a number of years ago as a student; 2. Have dinner at Antonio’s, my favorite Italian restaurant. Request a menu and bring back a copy of the check as proof; 3. Visit the Smithsonian Institution. Take a picture of Lindbergh’s “Spirit of St. Louis;” 4. Visit the National Archives to view the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights; 5. Drive through the National Arboretum, Washington’s best-kept secret; 6. Finish by visiting the Lincoln Memorial and the U.S. Capitol. While I do not expect my nephew to prove that he visited all the places I have listed, I assume that he will follow my wishes. My hope is that he will learn as much about the U.S. as I did when I first moved here.” (Finally, the traffic begins to move. You drive to your hotel and spend the next two days exploring Washington as your aunt directed).

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISE In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence with I wish … would … Example: It’s raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain. So you want it to stop raining. What do you say? I wish it would stop raining. 1. You’re waiting for Tom. He’s late and you’re getting impatient. You want him to come. What do you say? I wish ... 2. A baby is crying and you’re trying to sleep. You want the baby to stop crying. What do you say? I ... 3. You’re looking for a job – so far without success. You want somebody to give you a job. What do you say? I wish somebody ... 4. Brian has been wearing the same old clothes for years. You think he needs some new clothes and you want him to buy some. What do you say to him? ... IV. IDIOMS Put the Cart before the Horse (to have things in the wrong order; to have things confused and mixed up) You’re eating your desert! You’ve put the cart before the horse. Slow down and get organized. Don’t put the cart before the horse! John has the cart before the horse in most of his projects. Upset the Apple Cart (to mess up or ruin something) Tom really upset the apple cart by telling Mary the truth about Jane. I always knew he’d upset the apple cart. On Easy Street (in luxury; slang) If I had a million dollars, I’d be on easy street. Everyone has problems, even people who live on easy street. Get/Have a Fix on Something (to find out the exact location of something) I can’t get a fix on your location. Where are you? We are trying to get a fix on your radio transmission. (to begin to understand the direction of a discussion) I can’t quite get a fix on what you are trying to say. I can’t get a fix on where you’re going with this argument. Give Someone a Fix on Something (to tell someone the location of something) Please, give me a fix on your location.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS There’s much traffic here. The traffic is always congested (heavy) at this corner. Finally there’s a lull in the traffic after the rush hour. The road doesn’t correspond to the needs of modern traffic. The policeman is directing traffic (he is on point duty). You have to be quick in order to dodge (escape) the traffic. Traffic signs are always conspicuous. The noise of the traffic kept me awake. The traffic was dislocated by a snow storm. She made a movement to cross into the traffic. I could see her through a gap in the traffic. Let’s wait for a break in the traffic. This is a busy traffic crossing. Are you able to read traffic signs? Honking is a menace to traffic safety. Traffic keeps to the left in England. All the traffic has to make way for a fire-engine. VI. VOCABULARY auto mechanic

механик в гараже

brake

тормоз

car accident

дорожное происшествие

chain lock

цепочка на двери

checkbook

чековая книжка

garage

гараж

headlights

передний свет

identification papers, I.D.

удостоверение личности

insurance company

страховая компания

key

ключ

lock

замок

Lost and Found

бюро находок

main road

главная дорога

parking

стоянка

peephole

глазок в двери

police officer

полицейский

purse, handbag, pocketbook

кошелёк

rest stop, emergency parking

стоянка на обочине

road

дорога

roadside

обочина дороги

secondary road

второстепенная дорога

service road

дорога-«дублёр»

shopping bag

хозяйственная сумка

shoulder, side of the road

асфальтовая обочина дороги

tail lights

задний свет

thief

вор

tire

шина

to break down

сломаться

to get a flat tire

проколоть шину

to get stuck

застрять

to lock the door

запирать дверь на замок

to lose

терять

to park a car

ставить машину на стоянку

to rob

грабить

to steal

украсть

turn signals

указатель поворота

umbrella

зонтик

valuables

ценности

wallet

бумажник

watch

часы

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Tell a friend of yours about places of interest in Washington D.C. 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV and V.

Lesson 21 A FENDER BENDER IN CHICAGO I. NOTE If all goes well while you are in the States, you will not have to contend with such an unpleasant situation. However, sometimes there will be the unavoidable accident and encounter with the police. It is best to remain calm, to explain who you are and where you are from, and to show any documentation that is requested. If you've rented a car, be sure that you are familiar with the insurance options. You may or may not be insured by your agency at home while driving in the U.S. It is best to look into this before you leave your home. If you do request additional insurance coverage from the rental agency, you may end up paying $10–15 more per day. II. DIALOGUE First Motorist: What the hell do you think you’re doing? Second Motorist: Sorry, I didn’t see your turn signal until it was too late to stop. First Motorist (turning to you): Hey buddy, did you see what happened? You: Yes, I think so. Why? First Motorist: I’m going to call the police. You can tell them what you saw. This jerk ran right in to me. Look at my bumper! It’ll cost $1000 to fix. Second Motorist: Calm down. It was just one of those things. I have insurance. You: I really don’t want to get involved. (A police officer arrives to investigate the accident. The two motorist explain what happened. The officer turns to you.) Officer: Can I have your name, address and phone number? You: Yes, here’s my passport. I’m a foreigner. I’ve come to Chicago on business. Here’s a contact if you need to get in touch. (You give the officer the name, address and phone number of a friend of your aunt whom you’re supposed to look up while you’re in Chicago.) III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to complete the sentences with these verbs: try wash

steal play

meet eat

look splash

write go

make drive

Example: Do you fancy playing tennis this afternoon? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Could you please stop ... so much noise? I don’t enjoy ... letters. Does your job involve ... a lot of people? I considered ... the job but in the end I decided against it. If you use the shower, try and avoid ... water on the floor. Jack gave up ... to find a job in Britain and decided to emigrate.

be knocked take

7. Have you finished ... your hair yet? 8. The phone rang while Ann was having her dinner. She didn’t answer it; she just carried on ... 9. He admitted ... the car but denied ... it dangerously. 10. Why do you keep on ... at me like that? 11. They had to postpone ... away because their son was ill. 12. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ... down by a car. 2. Answer these questions using the verbs given. Examples: Why do you never fly? (hate) I hate flying. Why does Tom go to the cinema so often? (like) He likes going to the cinema. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Why do you always wear a hat? (like) I ... Why does Ann watch television so often? (enjoy) She ... Why do you never go to the cinema? (not/like) ... Why does Jack take so many photographs? (like) ... Why don’t you work in the evenings? (hate) ...

3. This time put the verb into the correct form, -ing or to + infinitive. Examples: I enjoy being (be) alone. Would you like to come (come) to a party? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Do you mind ... (travel) such a long way to work every day? Ann loves ... (cook) but she hates ... (wash) up. I can’t stand people ... (tell) me what to do when I’m driving. I don’t like that house. I would hate ... (live) there. Do you like ... (drive)? When I have to catch a train, I’m always worried about missing it. So I like ... (get) to the station in plenty of time. 7. I very much enjoy ... (listen) to classical music. 8. I would love ... (come) to your wedding but it just isn’t possible. 9. Sometime I’d like ... (learn) to play the guitar.

4. Put the verb into the correct form, -ing or to + infinitive. Examples: If you want to pass your exams, you need to study (study) more. I’m sorry I broke the glass. I couldn't help dropping (drop) it. 1. Does this job need ... (do) now or can I leave it until later? 2. I’ve got an extra bed, so when you come to stay, you won’t need ... (bring) your sleeping bag. 3. Tom helped his mother ... (get) the dinner ready.

4. When he told me that everybody had made fun of him, I couldn’t help ... (feel) sorry for him. 5. Those shirts need ... (iron) but you don’t need ... (do) it now. 6. He looks so funny. When I see him, I can’t help ... (smile). 7. The fine weather helped ... (make) it a very enjoyable holiday. 5. In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write a second sentence with the same meaning. Each time begin in the way shown. Example: I phoned Ann and then I went out. After phoning Ann I went out. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Tom went to bed but first he had a hot drink. Before ... The plane took off and soon afterwards it crashed. Soon after ... We didn’t eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead. Instead of ... You put people’s lives in danger if you drive dangerously. You put people’s lives in danger by ... He hurt his leg but he managed to win the race. In spite of ... Bill is a very good cook. Bill is very good at ... I don’t intend to lend her any money. I have no intention of ... George took more exercise and so lost weight. By ... He was angry with me because I was late. He was angry with me for ... Tom thinks that doing nothing is better than working. Tom prefers doing nothing to ...

6. In this exercise you have to write the correct preposition and to put the verb into the correct form. Use the verb in brackets at the end of each sentence. Example: Jack insisted on going out by himself. (go) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

After a long time we eventually succeeded ... a flat. (find) I’ve been thinking ... for a new job. (look) His parents didn’t approve ... him ... out so late. (stay) I wonder what prevented him ... to the party. (come) I’m getting hungry. I’m looking forward ... dinner. (have) I don’t feel ... today. (study) Forgive me ... you but I must ask you a question. (interrupt) The arrested man was suspected ... into a house. (break) Have you ever thought ... married? (get) I’ve always dreamed ... on a small island in the Pacific. (live) The cold water didn’t stop her ... a swim. (have) Have you ever been accused ... a crime? (commit) She apologized ... so rude to me. (be) We have decided ... a new car. (buy)

7. Now you have to make sentences with worth. Examples: I’d read this book if I were you. This book is worth reading. I wouldn’t read this book if I were you. This book isn’t worth reading. 1. 2. 3. 4.

I’d visit the museum if I were you. The museum ... I wouldn’t repair those shoes if I were you. Those shoes ... I wouldn’t keep these old clothes if I were you. These old clothes ... I’d consider the plan if I were you. The plan ...

IV. IDIOMS Blow It (fail at something) How did you do on the history exam? I think I blew it! There was a section on the Civil War, and that’s the chapter in the book that I studied the least. Well, at this point you can’t really be sure that you completely failed the examination. You must have done okay on the rest of the test. Perhaps I didn’t fail the entire exam, but I’m sure that I didn’t do well. Get Away Clean (escape punishment) After robbing a neighborhood bank, the robbers sped off in a waiting car and got away clean. In spite of all police efforts to apprehend them, the criminals were never caught and punished for their crime. Push/Press the Panic Button (to become anxious or panicky; slang) I do okay taking tests as long as I don’t push the panic button. Whatever you do, don’t press the panic button. Have a Near Miss (to nearly crash or collide) The airplanes – flying much too close – had a near miss. I had a near miss while driving over here. Have a Screw Loose (to act silly or crazy; slang) John is such a clown. He acts like he has a screw loose. What’s the matter with you? Do you have a screw loose or something? Get Someone out of Jam (to free someone from a problem or a bad situation) I like John. He got me out of a jam once. I would be glad to help get you out of a jam.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS There is much traffic here. The traffic is always congested (heavy) at this corner. Finally there’s a lull in the traffic after the rush hour. The traffic was blocked up for a long time. There was a jam in the traffic for a quarter of an hour. The points man won’t tell you anything. He is directing traffic (he is on point duty). I could see her through a gap in the traffic. This is a busy traffic crossing. Are you able to read traffic signs? Traffic keeps to the left in England. The noise of the traffic has lulled at last. I must telephone (arrange, send) for a taxi to pick us up. Is it possible to hire the car by the hour? Get into the car; there’s room for you in it. I don’t feel like going in a taxi. Come with me; I’ll take you in my car. The driver helped her into (out of; to) the car. Will you help me to the car with my luggage? The car has been in service for a long time. I seldom have trouble with the car. The car is being overhauled. Their car made its way for the airport. Cars are parked tightly against the theatre fronts. VI. VOCABULARY accident/crash

авария

block/hold-up in the traffic

задержка в движении

bottle-neck in the traffic

сужение дороги

break in the traffic

перерыв в движении

heavy traffic

большое движение

jam in the traffic

транспортная пробка

keep to the right

держаться правой стороны

left-sided traffic

левостороннее движение

light traffic

мало транспорта

lull in the traffic

затишье/пауза в движении

the traffic is blocked up/jammed

движение заблокировано

the traffic is heavy/congested

движение интенсивное

to chase

гнаться, преследовать

to collide (with)

столкнуться

to comply with the traffic rules

соблюдать

правила

дорожного

движения to direct the traffic

направить движение

to dodge

вильнуть, увильнуть

to gain on

нагонять, догонять

to knock down

сбить

to overtake/to overhaul/to outstrip a car

обгонять машину

to run into/over

наехать

to slow down

замедлить движение

to speed

превысить скорость

to tail

следовать за

to violate the traffic rules

нарушать правила

traffic lights

светофор

traffic safety

дорожная безопасность

traffic signs

дорожные знаки

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are in a hurry, but unfortunately you got into the traffic jam. You phone your colleague, explain the situation and say the hypothetical time of your arrival; B) you got into a road accident, and your car is badly damaged. What will you do in this situation? 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV–VI. 3. Order a taxi for your friend, and ask if the driver will help him to the car with his luggage.

Lesson 22 AN INVITATION TO DINNER I. NOTE Americans love to entertain in their homes. It is not unusual to receive a dinner invitation from someone you barely know. This is considered an excellent way to get acquainted. If you receive an invitation to dinner, it is good idea to ask how you should dress. You might ask if you should dress casually or more formally. For a man, a jacket and tie are suggested unless you are told to dress less formally. When invited to someone's house it is nice to bring a small gift, such as bouquet of flowers, candy or a bottle of wine. Later, you might consider a reciprocating the invitation by inviting your host to your house/apartment or to a restaurant if you are staying in a hotel. II. DIALOGUE Mrs. Jones: Good evening. I’m Ellen Jones. Won’t you come in? (You give her a bouquet of fresh-cut flowers.) Mrs. Jones: What lovely flowers! Thank you. I’ll call Michael. Please, make yourself at home. (You sit down in the living room.) Mr. Jones: Hello, I’m so glad to meet you. Stephanie told me so much about you. You were her favorite, you know. You: Yes. I’m sorry I didn’t get to see her again before she died. (Mrs. Jones offers you a drink. You ask for a glass of wine.) Mr. Jones: So, what brings you to Chicago? You: Aunt Stephanie wanted me to know more about the city. I guess she lived a few blocks from here. Mrs. Jones: Yes, we became friends almost twenty years ago. She had moved here from Washington. You: And I guess she left Chicago five years later and moved to the West coast. Mr. Jones: Chicago winters were too harsh for her. She wanted more sun and warmer temperatures. Mrs. Jones: Dinner is ready. (The three of you go into the dining room and sit down for a delightful dinner). III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets. You went back to your home town after many years and you found that many things were different. Example: Most of my friends were no longer there. They had left (leave). 1. My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He ... (go) away. 2. The local cinema was no longer open. It ... (close) down.

3. Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He ... (die). 4. I didn’t recognize Mrs. Johnson. She ... (change) a lot. 5. Bill no longer had his car. He ... (sell) it. 2. In this exercise you have to complete each sentence with a suitable verb. Example: Don’t forget to post the letter I gave you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Tom refused ... me any money. Jill has decided not ... a car. The thief got into the house because I forgot ... the window. There was a lot of traffic but we managed ... to the airport in time. I’ve arranged ... tennis tomorrow afternoon. One day I’d like to learn ... an airplane. I shouted to him. He pretended not ... me but I'm sure he did. Why hasn’t Sue arrived yet? She promised not ... late. Our neighbour threatened ... the police if we didn't stop the noise. Ann offered ... after our children while we were out. The teacher was very strict. Nobody dared ... during his lessons. IV. IDIOMS

Wet Blanket (dull or boring person who spoils the happiness of others) James was not invited to go on the outing with the rest of the group because he’s such a wet blanket. On many previous occasions he has kept others from enjoying themselves by his pessimism and lack of enthusiasm. It’s understandable that no one wants him around. Dressed to Kill (to wear one’s finest clothing) The reception for the new Swedish ambassador at the Jennison’s was quite lavish. Naturally, everybody was dressed to kill. Since it was a formal occasion, everyone was dressed in their finest, most elegant clothes. Eat Someone out of House and Home (to eat a lot of someone else’s food) He’s quite nice with good sense of humour but for his ability eating everyone out of house and home. Have Someone Eating out of One’s Hand (to have someone completely under one’s control) One of my main difficulties is that I’m not good with an audience. There are guys who can come out and have a crowd eating out of their hand right away with a few jokes.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS How do you do? How are you? How are you getting on? How are things? What’s the news? I haven’t seen you for ages! What would you like to drink? Have some more salad! Help yourself to some more fish. What about another cup of coffee? I have never tasted such a nice cake! I don’t think I’ll have some more, thank you. I’m fond of fruit pudding! I have enjoyed it greatly! Thank you very much for your invitation! Thank you, the evening was marvelous! VI. VOCABULARY apricot

абрикос

bacon

бекон

bitter

горький

bite; to have a bite

закусить

breakfast

завтрак

broth

бульон

cabbage

капуста

chicken

цыплёнок

chips

жареный картофель

chop

отбивная

course

блюдо

dessert

десерт

delicious

вкусный

dine

обедать

dinner

обед

dish

блюдо

elevenses

лёгкий завтрак около 11 часов утра

fry

жарить

help oneself

угощаться

hot dog

сосиска

hungry

голодный

jelly

желе, кисель

juice

сок

lobster

омар

mashed potatoes

картофельное пюре

mushroom

гриб

mutton

баранина

noodle

лапша

pea

горох

pie

пирог, пирожок

porridge

овсяная каша

pudding

пудинг

refuse

отказываться

roast

поджаривать

sausage

колбаса

smoked

копчёный

sour

кислый

stewed

тушёный

sweet

сладкий

tart

пирог с фруктами/ягодами

taste

вкус

toast

тост, поджаренный хлеб

veal

телятина

vegetable

овощ

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Make up sentences filling in the blanks in the following pattern with the expressions given below: A) The …(fish) … I had … (where?) yesterday … was … (tasty); B) tasteless; C) a bit overdone; D) a bit underdone; E) a bit sour, I don’t now why; F) a little oversalted; G) well roasted; H) badly stewed; I) a bit sweet; J) very bitter; K) well; L) smoked; M) extremely hot (cold); etc. 2. Tell about traditional Russian/British dishes. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections V and VI.

Lesson 23 A FLIGHT TO THE WEST COAST I. NOTE Although our protagonist has bought a one-way airplane ticket, most people purchase round-trip tickets. Sometimes a one-way ticket costs as much as round trip. It is a good idea to go through a reliable travel agent when purchasing airplane tickets. There are so many different options and special packages available, as well as restrictions, that only a qualified travel agent can help you sort them out. Most American airplanes offer two classes of travel – first class (more expensive) and coach (less expensive). On some large airplanes, there is an intermediary category called business class. Smoking is now forbidden on all flights within the continental U.S. Finally, The preferred usage to refer to a member of the flight crew is “flight attendant”, even though people still use “stewardess” (female) and “steward”. II. DIALOGUE Ticket Agent: A one-way ticket to San Francisco. How many pieces of luggage will you be checking? You: Just two. Can I have an aisle seat, please? Ticket Agent: Yes, seat 12-A in the coach section. You’ll be boarding in about 30 minutes from Gate 16. (You walk to Gate 16 after passing through airport security. A few minutes later, you board the plane and soon you’re in the air.) Stewardess: Good morning. Can I offer you something to drink? You: Coffee, please. No cream or sugar. Stewardess: Today we’ll be serving a light breakfast and lunch. You: How long will it take to get to San Francisco? Stewardess: About four hours. Would you like a newspaper or magazine? You: No thanks, I brought a book. It’s all about U.S. history – fascinating! Captain: Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to United Airlines flight 260, nonstop service to San Francisco. We’ve just reached our cruising altitude of 32,000 feet. Thank you for flying United. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Now you have to read two sentences and then write one sentence with the same meaning. Use a relative clause in your sentence. Example: A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital. The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital. 1. A man answered the phone. He told me you were out. The man ... 2. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient. The ... 3. Some boys were arrested. They have now been released. The boys ...

2. The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Choose the most suitable ending from the list and make it into a relative clause. he invented the telephone she runs away from home they are never on time they stole my car they used to hang on that wall

it makes typewriters it gives you the meanings of words it won the race it can support life it was found last week

Example: Gerry works for a company that (or which)makes typewriters. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

The book is about a girl ... What was the name of the horse ...? The police have caught the men ... Alexander Bell was the man ... Where are the pictures ...? The police are still trying to identify the body ... A dictionary is a book ... I don’t like people ... It seems that Earth is the only planet ...

3. Complete these sentences, where necessary, with that, who or what. If it is possible to write that or leave it out, write (that) - in brackets. Examples: Did you hear what I said? Everything (that) he said was true. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

She gives her children everything .... they want. Tell me ... you want and I’ll try to help you. Why do you blame me for everything ... goes wrong? I won’t be able to do very much but I’ll do the best ... I can. I can’t lend you any money. All ... I've got is a pound. Nora is the only person ... understands me. Why do you always disagree with everything ... I say? I don’t agree with ... you’ve just said. This is an awful film. It’s the worst ... I’ve ever seen.

4. You were on holiday with a friend of yours. You met some people who had some bad experiences during their holiday. You met: 1. some people/their car broke down; 2. a man/his wife became ill and was taken to hospital; 3. a woman/her husband was arrested by the police;

4. a girl/her passport was stolen; 5. a couple/their luggage disappeared. You can’t remember the names of these people, so you ask your friend. Make sentences with whose. Example: What was the name of the people whose car broke down? 1. What was the name of the man ... 2. What ...? 3. … ? 4. ...?

5. ...?

IV. IDIOMS Think Twice before Doing Something (to think about something more thoroughly) I don’t think that going by plane in such weather is a good idea. I would think twice before buying the tickets. At the Drop of a Hat (without delay or good reason) These days Russian visas are issued at the drop of a hat. Fire in the (or one’s) Belly (a powerful sense of ambition or determination) There’s no fire in the belly, no sense of urgency. Take a Flyer (take a chance) I know it’s extremely difficult, but you can take a flyer at least. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Going by plane How do I get to the airport? What’s the plane schedule from ... to ... ? I’d like to make a round trip reservation. One ticket for the 6 p.m. plane for ... Where can I buy a ticket for the shuttle flight? What time do I have to be at the airport? Where’s the check-in desk? Where can I leave my luggage? How much luggage is allowed free of charge? Has the boarding time been announced? Which direction is gate number ...? When’s our plane taking off? What’s the departure time for flight number ...? When does the plane for ... take off?

When does the next plane leave for ...? How long is the flight? How long is the flight to ...? Is this a non-stop (direct) flight? Where does the plane stop on the way? At what time does the plane arrive in ...? What’s the arrival time at ...? What airport will we arrive at? VI. VOCABULARY aisle seat

место у прохода

air sickness

воздушная болезнь

altitude

высота

area

район (жилой)

arrive

прибывать

arrival

прибытие

be delayed

опаздывать (о рейсе)

boarding

посадка

boarding pass

посадочный талон

bridge

мост

business-class ticket

билет в бизнес-классе

cancellation

возврат билета

come back

возвращаться

check-in desk

стойка регистрации

change trains/planes

делать пересадку

credit card

кредитная карточка

crew

экипаж самолёта

crossing

переход

delayed flight

рейс с опозданием

departure gate

выход на посадку

destination

пункт назначения

domestic flight

рейс на внутренних линиях

economy (tourist) class ticket

билет в туристическом классе

emergency exit

запасной выход

entrance

вход

excess luggage

лишний вес

fare

плата за проезд

fasten a seat belt

пристегнуть ремень безопасности

first class ticket

билет первого класса

flight attendant

бортпроводник (-ца)

landing strip/runaway

взлетно-посадочная полоса

lose one’s way

заблудиться

passenger lounge/waiting room

зал для пассажиров

pedestrian crossing

пешеходный переход

route

маршрут

seat

место

seat number

номер места

shuttle flight

челночный рейс

suitcase

чемодан

suburb

пригород

take off

взлетать, взлёт

ticket office

билетная касса

weight

вес

window seat

место у иллюминатора

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) two friends are discussing their summer holidays and plans to go somewhere. They speak about the best time to go and choose the transport; B) you are buying a ticket for a plane. Ask about the timetable, price and meals during the flight; C) you and your friend are discussing how to get to Great Britain. You don’t like going by planes and prefer train or ferry. 2. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of traveling by planes. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections V and VI.

Lesson 24 CALIFORNIA DREAMING I. NOTE The drive along Highway 1 in California is spectacular. One of the most scenic stretches runs from the city of Monterey south to Big Sur. The coastal highway hangs perilously above the Pacific Ocean. Big Sur is 80 miles of treacherous ocean and rocky shore. Along your drive, you will see otters, sea lions and whales. The coast line is dotted with redwoods, the world's largest trees. Carmel (its official name is Carmel by the Sea) is a storybook village. One of its most famous inhabitants, and former mayor, is the American movie actor Clint Eastwood. If you go to the Hog's Breath pub, you may just run into him. II. DIALOGUE You (reading your aunt’s will): “One of my favorite places in America is the area around Monterey, California. I would like my nephew to visit Monterey as I did as a tourist. He should do the following: 1. Have lunch at a restaurant on Cannery Row. Sit at a table overlooking the water. Perhaps you’ll be able to catch a glimpse of the famous sea otters; 2. Visit the Monterey Bay Aquarium; 3. Take the scenic 17-mile drive; 4. Drive on Highway 1 down to Big Sur for a splendid view of the rugged California coastline; 5. On the return drive to Monterey, spend a night at the quaint Lamp Lighter Inn in beautiful Carmel by the Sea. Ask for the Hansel and Gretel cottage if you can get it”. (The next morning, you check out of your hotel and drive for two hours south to Monterey. You spend the next few days exploring the sights your aunt wanted you to see). III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. The sentences in this exercise are not complete. You have to complete them with where ... Use the sentences in the box to make your relative clauses. I can buy postcards there she had bought it there people are buried there

I was born there we spent our holidays there we can have a really good meal there

Example: I recently went back to the town where I was born. 1. The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop ... 2. Do you know a restaurant ...? 3. Is there a shop near here ...? 4. The place ... was really beautiful. 5. A cemetery is a place ...

IV. IDIOMS Toot One’s Own Horn (boast) Michael’s last novel was a best seller. He has no need to toot his own horn about his literary accomplishments. His readers and critics alike will now become aware of his talent. He won’t have to boast about his skill and success as a writer. Thank One’s Lucky Stars (feel grateful for one’s good fortune) All Alec could do was thank his lucky stars that his daughter was fit again. Up for It (ready to take part in a particular activity) At first I was not sure that the girl would race with him, but then I felt that she was clearly up for it. On a Wing and Prayer (relying on hope; with only a slight chance of success) Nobody knew the way, but at last we arrived at the destination on a wing and prayer. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Where can I buy a train/plane ticket? I want to buy a round trip ticket. How much is the ticket? Where can I check my luggage? Where’s the waiting room? Where can I see the timetable? What train do I catch to get to …? How long does it take to get to …? Is it a through train/plane or do I have to change? Where do I have to change? Will we arrive on schedule? Do I need to make a reservation for meals? I would like to book a ticket for the passenger/express/fast train I want to travel by air/land/sea/railway/bus/car The fare to London is … How much is the return single ticket to Riga? I would rather go to Moscow by air. Hurry up! (Step on it!) We may miss the train! Don’t make a fuss! We shall make it. Do you happen to know when the train starts? Will you see to my luggage?

VI. VOCABULARY advantage

преимущество

agrarian

сельскохозяйственный

area

район, площадь, пространство

book

заказывать (билет)

border on

граничить с

capital

столица

channel

канал, пролив

coast

побережье

discover

открывать, обнаруживать

extent; to an extent

до некоторой степени

form

образовывать

fortnight

две недели

fuss; to make a fuss

нервничать, волноваться по пустякам

gazetteer

географический справочник

hemisphere

полушарие

hike

путешествовать пешком

huge

огромный

hurry

спешить, торопиться

island

остров

luggage

багаж

occupy

занимать (место, территорию)

pack

упаковывать

part

часть

peninsular

полуостров

performance

представление, спектакль

polar

полярный

population

население

possible

возможный

proper

собственно, сам

reach

достигать

region

область

republic

республика

resource

ресурс

rucksack

рюкзак

see off

провожать

settle

урегулировать, улаживать

side

сторона

sleeper

спальный вагон

solve

решать

stretch

простираться, тянуться

surround

окружать

track

след

trip

путешествие

underdeveloped vast wallet

слаборазвитый (о стране) обширный бумажник

wash

мыть, стирать, омывать

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak about advantages/disadvantages of traveling by car in this country and in the United States. 2. Speak on the following situations: A) you are going hiking for the first time, and you don’t know what to put into your rucksack. Ask a friend to give you advice; B) your friend is fond of driving, so he is all for traveling by car. Try to persuade him to go by train; C) your friend and you are going to Siberia during your summer/winter holidays. You have never been there and you don’t know much about this particular region. Speak about your preparations and plans. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV–VI.

Lesson 25 A BUSINESS LUNCH I. NOTE San Francisco is one of the most popular destinations for American as well as foreign tourists. Sometimes called “America's favorite city”, San Francisco draws more than two million tourists each year. Blessed with a mild climate, San Francisco has a metropolitan population exceeding five million. The city itself is built on and around more than 40 hills overlooking the San Francisco Bay. Many of San Francisco's streets are quite sleep, especially in the areas of Nob Hill and Russian Hill. Some of the important sights of San Francisco include: Fisherman's Wharf (once a bustling port for fishing boats), Chinatown, the Golden Gate bridge and Alcatraz (a former federal prison build on a rocky island). II. DIALOGUE You: How did you know my aunt? Colleague: Stephanie and I founded a small company specializing in fine wines and foods. We worked together for about six years. She took care of finances, and I handled marketing and sales. She was a delight to work with. You: I didn’t realize that she had lived on the West Coast. Colleague: She didn’t. We met in Chicago. As the company grew, I moved toCalifornia to be closer to our distributors. She eventually moved to Atlanta, as you know. You: How is the company doing? Colleague: Very well, thank you. When Stephanie became ill, she sold her shares of the company. What brings you to the States? You: My aunt wanted me to relive her experiences. I’ll receive an inheritance once I complete this trip and return to Atlanta. Colleague: Before you leave San Francisco, be sure you see the Golden Gate bridge, Chinatown and Sausalito. You: I’ve already been to Chinatown. I was just about to go see the bridge. Thanks for lunch. It was a pleasure meeting you. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to put in when or if. Example: If it rains this evening, I won’t go out. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I’m going to Paris next week. ... I’m there, I hope to visit a friend of mine. Tom might phone this evening. ... he does, can you take a message? I think he’ll get the job. I’ll be very surprised ... he doesn’t get it. I hope to be there by 10.30. But ... I’m not there, don’t wait for me. I’m going shopping ... you want anything, I can get it for you. I think I’ll go home now. I’m feeling very tired. I think I’ll go straight to bed ... I get home.

7. I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you ... I get back. 8. I want you to come to the party but ... you don’t want to come, you needn't. 2. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I found $100 in the street, I would keep (keep) it. They’d be rather angry if you didn't visit (not/visit) them. 1. If I was offered the job, I think I ... (take) it. 2. I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he ... (refuse). 3. Many people would be out of work if that factory ... (close) down. 4. If she sold her car, she ... (not/get) much money for it. 5. They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ... (not/come). 6. Would George be angry if I ... (take) his bicycle without asking? 7. Ann gave me this ring. She ... (be) terribly upset if I lost it. 8. If someone ... (walk) in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened. 9. What would happen if you ... (not/go) to work tomorrow? 10. I’m sure she ...(understand) if you explained the situation to her. 3. Now answer these questions in the way shown. Example: Are you going to catch the 10.30 train? (we/arrive too early) No. If we caught the 10.30 train, we would arrive too early. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Is he going to take the examination? (he/fail it) No. If he ..., he ... Are you going to invite Bill to the party? (I/have to invite Linda too) No. If I ... Are you going to bed now? (I/not/sleep) No. ... Is she going to apply for the job? (she/not/get it) No. ...

4. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I knew (know) her number, I would telephone her. I wouldn’t buy (not/buy) that coat if I were you. 1. I ... (give) you a cigarette if I had one but I’m afraid I haven’t. 2. This soup would taste better if it ... (have) more salt in it. 3. If you ... (not/go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be so tired all the time. 4. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather ... (be) better. 5. I'd help you if I ... (can) but I’m afraid I can’t. 6. If I were you, I ... (not/marry) him. 7. We would happily buy that house if it ... (not/be) so small.

5. Now you have to write sentences with I wish ... Example: I don’t know many people (and I’m lonely). I wish I knew more people. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

I can’t give up smoking (but I’d like to). I wish I ... I haven’t any cigarettes (and I need one). I wish ... George isn’t here (and I need him). I wish George ... It’s cold (and I hate cold weather). I wish ... I live in London (and I hate London). I ... Tina can’t come to the party (she’s your best friend). I ... I have to work tomorrow (but I’d like to stay in bed). ... I don’t know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down). ... I’m not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that’s a pity). ...

6. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I had known (know) that you were ill last week, I’d have gone to see you. Tom wouldn’t have entered (not/enter) for the examination if he had known that it would be so difficult. 1. Tom got to the station in time. If he ... (miss) the train, he would have been late for his interview. 2. It’s good that Ann reminded me about Tom’s birthday. I ... (forget) if she hadn’t reminded me. 3. We might not have stayed at this hotel if George ... (not/ recommend) it to us. 4. I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday if I...(have) your address. IV. IDIOMS Bend over Backwards (try very hard) When Joan first started teaching she was afraid that she would have a lot of trouble. However, her fears turned out to be unfounded, since everybody bent over backwards to help her. Everybody tried very hard to help her feel comfortable and adjust to the school. Duck Soup (easy, effortless) Can you help me hook up my new stereo equipment? I’m having quite a bit of trouble with all these connections. Sure, that’s duck soup for me. Well, with all your experience, I have no doubt that it will be very easy for you to do.

Face the Music (accept the consequences) It’s no wonder you have a stomachache. I told you not to eat so many green apples. You don’t listen, and now you are going to have to face the music. Keep under One’s Hat (keep something a secret) Although the contestants were most anxious to know who won the prizes in piano competition, the judges kept the results under their hats. They kept the results a secret so that the formal announcement could be made in public at the awards ceremony. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Be so kind as to open the door. Would you mind opening the door? Could I trouble you for a glass of water? Certainly!/Of course!/ Naturally!/With pleasure!/Here you are! I’m afraid I won’t have enough time to do it. You talk as if you knew etiquette very well. Thank you. – Don’t mention it. What time do you expect me? What time should I arrive? Will there be other guests? Is it an informal evening? I’d be glad to come. Do you want a drink? Please, don’t trouble yourself. A gin and tonic would be fine. A beer’s fine with me. Please, pass the salt/salad/bread/meat. VI. VOCABULARY acquaint

знакомить

awkward

неловкий

bore

надоедать

company

компания, собеседник

excuse

оправдание

host

хозяин

insist

настаивать

introduction

представление, введение

principal

главный, основной

pull somebody’s leg

морочить кому-либо голову

sick and tired

до смерти надоело

stranger

незнакомец, посторонний

tall story

небылица

to get acquainted with

знакомиться с кем-либо

upset; to be upset

быть расстроенным

witticism

острота, шутка

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Make up polite requests to suit the following situations: A) suppose you need some salt and the salt-cellar is at the far end of the table; B) suppose you sit down at the table and find you have no spoon; C) suppose you have enjoyed coffee very much and want a second helping; D) suppose you want to treat your guest to some more pudding; E) suppose you have not understood the speaker but you must know what he said. 2. Imagine you are at the table. What would you answer to these offers and requests: A) will you have a second helping of cake? B) will you have tea or coffee? C) would you like some more salad? D) pass me the mustard, please. E) may I trouble you for the menu, please? F) would you mind passing me the pepper-pot? G) how much sugar do you take, two or three lumps? H) bring me a bottle of mineral water, please. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV–VI.

Lesson 26 A HOUSEHOLD EMERGENCY I. NOTE Plumbers are relatively expensive, particularly if they are called at night and on weekends. It is not uncommon for a plumber to ask you for something to drink while he works. If you are having major work done (replacing pipes, installing new fixtures like toilets and sinks, etc.), it is a good idea to ask several different plumbing companies for estimates. II. DIALOGUE Plumber: What seems to be the trouble? You: Look, there’s an inch of water on the floor. What a mess! Can you fix it? Plumber: No sweat. Where’s the main water valve. You: The what? Plumber: Do you know where I can cut off the water? You: I think it’s in the closet. What shall I do about all the water on the floor? Plumber: Tell the manager to call a carpet cleaning service. They’ll take care of it for you. Do you have any coffee? You: I’ll make some. What a way to end my trip! Plumber: Have you been on vacation? You: Not exactly. How much is this going to cost? Plumber: I’m pretty sure the apartment owners will cover it, as long as you didn’t cause the problem yourself. You: How could I? I’ve been out of town for weeks. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make a new sentence from these questions. Example: Where has Tom gone? Do you know where Tom has gone. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Where is the post office? Could you tell me ...? What does this word mean? Do you know ...? What’s the time? I wonder ... . Where did you park your car? Can’t you remember ...? Is Ann coming to the meeting? I don’t know ... Where does Jack live? Have you any idea ...? What time did he leave? Do you know ...? Where can I change some money? Could you tell me ...? What qualifications do I need? I want to know ... . Why didn’t Tom come to the party? I don’t know ... . How much does it cost to park here? Do you know ...?

IV. IDIOMS Get Up on the Wrong Side of the Bed (wake up in a bad mood) What’s the matter with Bernard today? He started shouting from the moment he stepped into the office. I don’t know. He usually doesn’t act that way at all. I guess he got up on the wrong side of the bed. Just because he woke up in a bad mood is no reason for him to be so cross and to go around shouting at everybody. Hopefully he’ll relax as the day goes on. Out on a Limb (in a risky position) The members of the committee realized that their position against expanding the student aid program was an unpopular one, and that they were going out on a limb by voting against the program. Nevertheless, their position was justified to a certain extent. Although they knew that they were placing themselves in a risky position, they felt that other budgetary considerations were of greater urgency. Bite the Bullet (endure in a difficult situation) We really had a frightening experience when we went hunting last month. What happened? We got lost in the wilderness and had to bite the bullet until help arrived. Did you manage OK? Barely. We weren’t prepared for the cold weather and we couldn’t find any shelter. We had to endure in a very trying situation. We almost froze by the time they found us. Make Ends Meet (pay one’s bills) It’s almost impossible trying to keep up with the high cost of living. It’s true. Things are so expensive nowadays that it’s very difficult to make ends meet. You know, even with Lucie’s salary, our combined income is hardly enough to pay all the bills. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS The door won’t open! The lamp won’t light up! The fire-wood won’t burn! I shan’t be able to repair the radio today. Be so kind as to turn on the light. The gas stove is out of order.

The tap got out of order. The lock must be out of order. The fridge is now in order. The vacuum tube is now in working order. The iron is now repaired. He won’t be able to fix the lock. She couldn’t change the fuse. I can’t change the bulb. You had better change the fuse now. May I ask you to repair my radio? You should take care of your electrical appliances. What modern conveniences are there in your house?

air conditioning

VI. VOCABULARY вентиляция

annoy

раздражать, досаждать

appliances; electrical appliances

электрические приборы

bulb

электрическая лампочка

burn out

сгореть

carpenter

плотник

choose (chose, chosen)

выбирать

clean

чистить, убирать, чистый

convenience

удобство

destroy

разрушать

discuss

обсуждать

district

район

fall (fell, fallen)

падать

fan

вентилятор

final

окончательный, последний

fire-wood

дрова

fix

налаживать, чинить

fuse

электропробка

get hot; You’ll get it hot!

Тебе влетит!

handy

удобный для пользования

heating

нагревание, отопление

immediately

немедленно

job

работа

joiner

столяр

locksmith

слесарь

mess

сделать беспорядок, напортить

mislay

положить не на место, потерять

occupation

занятие

opportunity

возможность

pay (paid, paid)

платить

radiator

радиатор

repair

чинить

repairs

ремонт

rubbish chute

мусоропровод

running water

водопровод

shake (shook, shaken)

трясти, встряхивать

sharp

острый, резкий

switch on

включать

switch off

выключать

tap

водопроводный кран

tidy up

убирать, прибираться

tool

инструмент

trade

ремесло, торговля

trust

верить, доверять

utilize

использовать

vacuum cleaner

пылесос

washing maсhine

стиральная машина

welder

сварщик

whistle

свистеть

wipe

вытирать

whole

весь, целый

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. What will you say: A) of a door which you can’t open? B) of a pen which you can’t write with? C) of fire-wood which is very wet? D) of a tap which you can’t turn on? E) of a window when you can’t close it? 2. Think of sentences to ask somebody to do something about the house, giving reasons for the requests. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV–VI.

Lesson 27 A TOUCH OF THE FLUE I. NOTE In most American cities, you can find quick medical care at what are called “walk-in” medical clinics. If you are sick and don't have a doctor, such clinics can provide prompt and relatively inexpensive treatment for minor illnesses. Temperature in the U.S. is on the Fahrenheit rather than the Centigrade scale. 98.6 is considered a normal temperature. There is no national health insurance plan in America. Most Americans are insured through their employers. Unusually, employees pay monthly premiums in addition to the premiums their employers pay. II. DIALOGUE Nurse: What seems to be the trouble? You: I feel terrible. I have a fever and chills. Nurse: What’s your temperature? You: 102. Nurse: Have you taken anything for it? You: Just some aspirin. What should I do? Nurse: I think you better see one of our doctors. You probably have an infection. Can you come right now? You: Yes, I’m on my way. I don’t have any medical insurance. Is that all right? Nurse: Don’t worry. Our business office takes cash, personal checks or credit cards. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentences. Example: You must study more or you won't pass the examination. You won’t pass the examination unless you study more. 1. You must listen carefully or you won’t know what to do. You won’t know what to do ... 2. We must hurry or we’ll miss the train. We’ll ... 3. You must speak very slowly or he won’t be able to understand you. He ... 4. My salary must be increased or I’ll look for another job. ... 5. She must apologize to me or I won’t forgive her. ...

2. This time you have to choose the correct word or expression for each sentence. | unless | Example: You can use my car as long as you drive carefully. (“as long as” is correct) | unless | 1. I’m playing tennis tomorrow providing it’s raining. | unless | 2. We’re going to start painting the house tomorrow providing it’s not raining. | unless | 3. You can smoke in here as long as you leave a window open to let the smoke out. | unless | 4. George doesn’t trust anyone. He won’t lend you any money as long as I you promise in writing to pay him back. | unless | 5. The children can stay here providing they don’t make too much noise. | unless | 6. I’m going now provided you want me to stay. | unless | 7. I can’t understand why he’s late as long as he didn’t get our message. IV. IDIOMS Out of the Woods (out of danger) Although Eric was well on his way to recovering from his bout with pneumonia, he was still not out of the woods. The doctors told him that he would have to take it easy and avoid exposure to cold, since he was not out of danger and difficulty yet. On One’s Last Legs (sick and failing) Poor Mike. He was one of the greatest musicians I’ve ever know, but when I saw him the other day he looked like he was on his last legs. Yeah. He hardly plays any more. What made him give up his music? Apparently he lost confidence in himself at some point in his career, and he’s been sick and failing ever since.

“To” within an Inch of One’s Life (almost to the point of death) – Oh! I haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been all this time? – You know, I was very ill. – Sorry to hear it. I hope nothing dangerous. – Unfortunately, it was a terrible flue. Actually I was within an inch of my life. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS He was down with flue/pneumonia/bronchitis. You must take this medicine for the flue. I had a terrible headache/earache/stomach-trouble/toothache. To fall ill with pneumonia. To suffer from some disease. I am dizzy. I am running a high temperature. I have a cough/a fever. VI. VOCABULARY ache

боль, болеть

alas

увы

attack

приступ

breathe

дышать

call on

навещать, заходить

catching

заразный

chest

грудная клетка

clogged

заложенный (о носе)

complication

осложнение

cough

кашель

dizzy

чувствующий головокружение

down

слечь

to be down with some disease

лежать с болезнью

fall (fell, fallen) ill

заболеть

fever

жар, лихорадка

flue

грипп

hot water bottle

грелка

medicine

медицина, лекарство

pain

боль

pill

пилюля

powder

порошок

recover

выздоравливать

remedy

средство, лекарство

sound

выслушивать (больного)

tablet

таблетка

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are not feeling well. Describe your symptoms to your chief and ask the permission to leave; B) you are having a terrible headache. You are not sure whether it is the flue or not. You decide to go and consult a doctor. 2. Say about how you felt when you had the flue last. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV–VI.

Lesson 28 AT THE DOCTOR’S OFFICE I. NOTE Even in medical clinics, you will sometimes have to wait for some time before you see the doctor. The advantage of a medical clinic over a regular doctor's office is that you do not need to have an appointment. Patients are seen on a first-come, firstserved basis. Doctors are not supposed to dispense drugs, other than free samples. When your doctor gives you a prescription for medicine, you will have to go to a pharmacy or drugstore to have it filled. Sometimes the pharmacist will call your doctor to confirm the dosage or the nature of the prescription. II. DIALOGUE Doctor: How are you today? You: Not so good. I think I have the flu or something. Doctor: What are your symptoms? You: I have a fever, chills and a sore throat. Doctor: Let’s take a look. Open wide. You: Ahhhh! Doctor: Your throat is pretty red. How long have you had the fever? You: Since last night. It comes and goes. What’s wrong with me? Doctor: You have some sort of bacterial infection. I’m going to write you a prescription. Take it to any drugstore, and they’ll give you some pills that you’ll need to take for five days. You should be completely well by then. You: Thanks. I sure wish I felt better. I guess I’ll go home and rest. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form): arrest drive

wake make

knock spend

check hear

translate carry

Example: The music at the party was very loud and could from far away. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

find

be

heard

A decision will not ... until the next meeting. That building is dangerous. It ought to ... down before it falls down. When you go through Customs, your luggage may ... by a customs officer. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to ... up at 6.30. Her new book will probably ... into a number of foreign languages. If you kicked a policeman, you’d ... .

7. 8. 9. 10.

Police are looking for the missing boy. He can’t ... anywhere. Do you think that less money should ... on arms? The injured man couldn’t walk and had to ... . I don’t mind driving but I prefer to ... by other people.

2. Now you have to read a sentence and write another sentence with the same meaning Example: We can solve the problem. The problem can be solved. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

People should send their complaints to the head office. Complaints... They had to postpone the meeting because of illness. The meeting ... Somebody might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it. Your car ... An electrical fault could have caused the fire. The fire ... They are going to hold next year’s congress in San Francisco. Next year’s congress ... 6. They shouldn’t have played the football match in such bad weather. The football match ...

3. In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning. Begin each sentence as shown. Examples: Somebody stole my bag in the shop. My bag was stolen in the shop. The police have arrested three men. Three men have been arrested by the police. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The bill includes service. Service ... in the bill. People don’t use this road very often. This road ... . They canceled all flights because of fog. All flights ... . Somebody accused me of stealing the money. I ... . They are building a new ring-road round the city. A new ring-road ... . I didn’t realize that someone was recording our conversation. I didn’t realize that our conversation ... . 7. They have changed the date of the meeting. The date of the meeting ... . 8. Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street. Brian told me that he ... .

4. This time you have to make a passive sentence from the words in brackets. Examples: That church looks very old. (when/it/build?) When was it built? A: Is Margaret popular? B: Yes. (she/like/by everybody) She is liked by everybody.

1. This is a very popular television program. (every week it/watch/ by millions of people) Every week it ... . 2. What happens to the cars produced in this factory? (most of them/export?) ... ? 3. A: Was there any trouble at the demonstration? B: Yes. (about 20 people/arrest) ... . 4. A: There is no longer military service in Britain. B: Really? (when/it/abolish?) ... ? 5. A: Did anybody call an ambulance to the scene of the accident? B: Yes. (but nobody/injure/so it/not/need) ... . 6. A: Last night someone broke into our house. B: Oh dear. (anything/take?) ... ? 7. Mr. Kelly can’t use his office at the moment. (it/redecorate) ... . 8. George didn’t have his car yesterday. (it/service/at the garage) ... . 9. Where’s my bicycle? It’s gone! (it/steal!) ... . 10. The people next door disappeared six months ago. (they/not /see / since then) ... . 11. This room looks different. (it/paint/since I was last here?) ... ? 12. A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow/down in the storm) ... . 5. This time you have to complete the sentences. Each time you have to use being with one of these verbs: keep

pay

attack

give

invite

use

ask

Example: Mr. Miller doesn’t like being kept waiting. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

He came to the party without ... . She won’t go out alone after dark. She is afraid of ... . I don’t like ... stupid questions. Few people are prepared to work without ... . Mr. Kelly doesn’t like his phone ... by other people. Most people like ... presents. IV. IDIOMS Abandon Oneself to Someone or Something (to give up and accept a situation; to yield to a person) Ann gave up and abandoned herself to the flue. This time he had no alternative. He had to abandon himself to doctors.

All in Good Time (at some future time; in good time; soon) This phrase is used to encourage people to be patient and wait quietly. When will the baby be born? All in good time. I am sick and tired of lying in bed. When can I get up at last? – Don’t be in a hurry, you are still weak. All in good time, dear.

Cuts No Ice (has no effect; makes no sense; has no influence) That idea cuts no ice. It won’t help at all. It cuts no ice that you were ill. You might have phoned at least. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS To treat somebody for his illness. To treat pneumonia. To diagnose the illness as pneumonia. To strip to the waist. You must have your chest X-rayed. You must have your blood examined. This medicine will cure you soon. You must take these pills/drops/tablets for the flue. When you are ill Where’s the clinic? How do I get to the hospital? How do I call the doctor? Please, give me the doctor’s phone number. I’d like to make an appointment to see the doctor. Can I make an appointment to see the doctor? That time would be fine. What are the doctor’s hours? Can the doctor see me today? Can it be sooner? On what days does the eye doctor have office hours? I need to consult a neurologist. I’d like to make an appointment with a gynecologist. Please, call a doctor. It’s an emergency. I’d like to arrange for a doctor to make a house call. What’s the doctor’s charge for a house call? I have an appointment with the doctor at 11:30. At the doctor’s office I need an interpreter. Is there a doctor who speaks Russian? I feel sick. I feel completely exhausted. I have a cold. I must have caught a cold. I have a head cold. I think I have a temperature. I have a cough. I sneeze.

I have a headache. I have a splitting headache. My throat is sore. I have a fever. My stomach hurts. I have a stomach ache. My stomach is upset. I have indigestion. I have diarrhea. I’m constipated. I’ve lost my appetite. I have a stiff neck. I feel sick. I feel nauseous. What diet should I follow? I feel a heaviness in my stomach after a meal. I’m having a heart attack. I have a pain in my chest. I had a fainting spell. My pulse is irregular. I have arrhythmia. I have a pain in the back of my head. I have a pain in the small of my back. I have a bad backache. I can’t move my arm. I feel dizzy. I feel lightheaded. I have high blood pressure. My blood pressure is always normal. My blood pressure is sometimes slightly above normal. Please, check my blood pressure. I’m bleeding. I haven’t been sleeping well. I have (suffer from) insomnia. My leg hurts. I banged my knee. I have a sore foot. I cut my hand. I hurt my elbow. I have dislocated my arm. It hurts here. I’ve got a splinter in my hand. I think that a fish bone is stuck in my throat. I have cramps in my hands in the morning. I have an earache. I have shooting pains in my ear. My hearing has become worse. I have a buzzing in my ears.

My eyes have become worse. I think I’ve hurt my eyes. I have something in my eye. I have pains in my eyes and they are watering. I feel worse. I’m taking this medicine. I’ve been taking this medicine, but I’m not getting better. What is your diagnosis? Is it serious? How long should I take this medicine? I’m allergic to antibiotics. How much is the fee? When should I come back? VI. VOCABULARY appendicitis

аппендицит

bronchitis

бронхит

conclude

заключить; прийти к заключению

cups

банки

cure

лечить

dermatologist

дерматолог; специалист по кожным болезням

diagnose

ставить диагноз

diet

диета

dislocate

вывихнуть

drops

капли

examine

осматривать

extract

извлекать; удалять

indigestion

несварение; расстройство желудка

instruction

указание; инструкция

intestines

кишечник

lungs

лёгкие

malaria

малярия

mend

чинить

mumps

свинка

mustard plaster

горчичник

neurologist

невропатолог

oculist

окулист

ointment

мазь

pain

боль

patient

пациент

pediatrist

педиатр; детский врач

physician

терапевт

plaster

пластырь; накладывать пластырь

plaster of Paris

гипс

prescription

предписание; рецепт

quinsy

ангина

recover

выздоравливать

remedy

средство; лекарство

rheumatism

ревматизм

scarlet fever

скарлатина

scratch

царапина; царапать

shoulder

плечо

sick-list

бюллетень

stomach

желудок

strip

раздеваться

suffer from

страдать от

surgeon

хирург

treat

лечить

trouble

беспокойство; болезнь

urgent

срочный

wrist

запястье; кисть (руки)

x-ray

рентген; сделать рентгеноскопию

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Add a logical reason for the action indicated in the sentences below: Model: John hasn’t come to school. He hasn’t come because he is down with flue; A) Mike missed four lessons running; B) Lilly didn’t take part in the chess tournament; C) Alec was not ready for the lesson at all; D) Nancy has to take this medicine for another week; E) Dick will have to have his blood examined; F) you must have your chest X-rayed. 2. What specialist do we consult when: A) we have a broken arm? B) we have a stomach-trouble? C) we have a bad eye? D) we have a tooth-ache? E) we are very nervous? F) we have an attack of appendicitis? G) we have a skin burn? H) our small son is ill? 3. Say when the following measures are prescribed: cups; hot water bottle; mustard plaster; plaster of Paris; ointment. 4. Speak about your last illness. 5. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV–VI.

Lesson 29 AT THE DENTIST’S OFFICE I. NOTE If you need dental work while you are in the U.S., you can usually find prompt, reliable care by calling a dentist. Although most dentists, like doctors, prefer that you have an appointment, they will normally make allowances if you have a true emergency. As with doctors, be prepared to pay for treatment when you leave. More an more health care professionals accept credit cards for payment or will file directly with your insurance company. II. DIALOGUE Dentist: My assistant said you have a toothache. How long have you had it? You: For about twenty-four hours. I’ve had trouble with this tooth before. My dentist at home said that it would have to be removed eventually. Dentist: Let me take a closer look. Hmmm ... I concur with your dentist. The tooth has to come out. Looks like you also need to brush and floss more often. You: Will it hurt? Dentist: Not too much. I’ll give you some Novocain to make the tooth numb. You: Oh, I hate to go to the dentist! When will you remove it? Dentist: It should come out right now. You: All right. Go ahead. What a way to end my stay in the U.S.! Dentist: When are you leaving? You: I have to see an attorney in the morning. My flight home is later – around 6 p.m. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISE Read these sentences and then write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences. Example: I couldn’t sleep although I was tired. (despite) I couldn’t sleep despite being tired (or despite the fact (that) I was tired) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German. (despite) Despite ... . In spite of her injured foot, she managed to walk to the village. (although) ... . I decided to accept the job although the salary was low. (in spite of) I decided ... . We lost the match although we were the better team. (despite) ... . In spite of not having eaten for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry. (even though) ... .

IV. IDIOMS Drive Someone Up a Wall (annoy someone greatly) Wow! What a great set of drums! Yeah, they’re great, but I can’t play on them when my folks are at home. They say I drive them up a wall with all the loud banging. You know, I am always very nervous at a dentist’s office, and the noise of the drill simply drives me up a wall. In Jig Time (extremely quickly; in a very short time) My dentist always tries to calm me down, saying that it won’t hurt and that he’ll do everything in jig time. Shape Up or Ship Out (behave properly or leave) Al has been constantly reprimanded for being negligent on the job. Finally, in desperation his supervisor exclaimed, “Shape up or ship out!” I remember my last visit to the dentist finished with his crying out, “Shape up or ship out!” V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS At the dentist’s Can you recommend a good dentist to me? What’s the dentist’s phone number? What are the dentist’s hours? I want an appointment with the dentist. Can I have an appointment for tomorrow? I have an appointment for 10 o’clock. Can you, please, check my teeth? I have a toothache. I have a broken tooth. I broke my tooth. It hurts when I bite something. The filling fell out. The filling is loose. The filling on the left upper side is loose. I don’t want to have the tooth pulled. Can you save it? I think I need a crown on my tooth. The crown has broken. I want to have metal crowns put on my teeth. How much will it cost to have a gold crown put on my tooth? I have bleeding gums.

anaesthetization

VI. VOCABULARY анестезия, обезболивание

appointment

запись (на прием к врачу)

bite

кусать, укусить

brake (broke, broken)

ломать(ся)

check

проверять

crown; put a crown

коронка; поставить коронку

drill

сверлить, сверло, бормашина

extract

удалять (зуб)

fall out

вылетать (о пломбе)

filling

пломба

hurt

болеть, боль

injection

укол

loose

ослабнуть, шататься (о пломбе)

pain

боль

pull

удалять, выдергивать (зуб)

tooth (teeth pl.)

зуб (зубы)

toothache

зубная боль

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) you are a dentist and you are trying to calm down your patient before you begin to mend his tooth; B) you have just come to a dentist’s office to make an appointment. You should explain why you need to see your dentist as soon as possible; C) your friend is afraid of going to the dentist in spite of his/her terrible toothache. Try to persuade him/her to do this. 2. Say when you last visited your dentist and why. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV–VI.

Lesson 30 COLLECTING YOUR INHERITANCE I. NOTE Although we do not know the exact amount the nephew received from his aunt's inheritance, it is clear that it is a substantial sum. For instance, the attorney mentions that the nephew will be able to return to the U.S. as often as he likes. Knowing the large credit card bills that he has incurred during his stay in the United States, he is somewhat consoled. He is also an idealist, pleased that he learned so much about the U.S. and the English language. The money that he will receive is a small reward compared to the joys of having experienced American culture first hand. That's all, folks! II. DIALOGUE Mr. Young: Well, how did your trip go? You: It was great. I had no idea the U.S. was so large. I thought I would never get back to Atlanta. Mr. Young: Did you follow your aunt’s instructions? You: I think so. Here are my receipts and the other items she wanted me to collect. I think everything is in order. (Mr. Young examines what you gave him.) Mr. Young: Yes, I believe you have satisfied the conditions in your aunt’s will. Here’s your check. You can deposit it once you get home, if you want. You: Thanks, I think I’ll do that. I’ll have a lot of credit card bills waiting for me. Mr. Young: One thing is for sure. Your English has really improved since you arrived. You: You’re kind. I think it has, too. I wonder how I’ll keep it up. Mr. Young: With the money from your inheritance, you’ll be able to come back to the U.S. as often as you like. Have a safe trip home! III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to write what you would say in these situations. Example: Ann says “I’m tired”. Five minutes later she says “Let’s play tennis”. What do you say? You said you were tired. 1. Your friend says “I’m hungry” so you go to a restaurant. When you get there he says “I don’t want to eat”. What do you say? You said ... . 2. Tom tells you “Ann has gone away”. Later that day you meet her. What do you say? Tom told ... . 3. George said “I don’t smoke”. A few days later you see him smoking a cigarette. What do you say to him? You said ... .

4. You arranged to meet Jack. He said “I won’t be late”. At last he arrives – 20 minutes late. What do you say? You ... . 5. Sue said “I can’t come to the party tonight”. That night you see her at the party. What do you say to her? ... . 6. Ann says “I’m working tomorrow evening”. Later that day she says “Let’s go out tomorrow evening”. What do you say? ... . 2. Now you have to read a sentence and write a new sentence with the same meaning. Examples: “Listen carefully”, he said to us. He told us to listen carefully. “Don’t wait for me if I’m late”, Ann said. Ann said not to wait for her she was late. 1. “Eat more fruit and vegetables”, the doctor said. The doctor said ... . 2. “Read the instructions before you switch on the machine“, he said to me. He told ... . 3. “Shut the door but don’t lock it”, she said to us. She told ... . 4. “Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand”, he said to me. He asked ... . because ... 5. “Don’t come before 6 o’clock”, I said to him. I told ... . IV. IDIOMS On the Line (in danger of being lost) Lately Tom’s been more conscientious about the accuracy and quality of his work with the company. He was warned that his job was on the line because of his lack of concern for his duties. When Tom was alerted that he was in danger of losing his job, he began to take his obligations with the company more seriously. Fishy (strange and suspicious) When the security guard saw a light in the store after closing hours, it seemed to him that there was something fishy going on. So he immediately called the central office. Horse of Different Color (quite a different matter) Eric likes to play jokes on his friends, but he makes sure that nobody is hurt by any of his pranks. A prank that hurts someone is a horse of a different color! Being playful is one thing, but hurting someone by one’s prank is quite a different matter.

Let the Cat out of the Bag (inform beforehand) Rob was going to retire from teaching in June, and the foreign language department was planning on presenting him with some good present at his retirement dinner. He wasn’t supposed to know about it, but someone let the cat out of the bag. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Affect private life. Break the law. Carry out laws/rules. Depend on existing juridical system. Exert influence. Exact and undeviating observance of laws. Immediate consequence. In accordance with. In conformity with. In the restricted sense. Neglect of laws. On behalf of somebody. Pass laws. Private property law. Reject the idea. Reveal the real reason for. Safeguard the law. Take into consideration. There is no rule without agreement. To the detriment.

abandon abolish

VI. VOCABULARY отказываться, покидать отменять, упразднять

account

счёт, расчёт

acknowledge

признавать, допускать, подтверждать

action

действие

aim

цель, намерение

alien

чужестранец, иностранец

allowance

денежное пособие/содержание

aware

осведомлённый, знающий

barrister

адвокат

breach

нарушение (закона, обязательства)

comprise

включать, охватывать

conform

соответствовать, согласовать(ся)

contend (for)

оспаривать

contradict

опровергать, отрицать, противоречить

deprivation

лишение

eliminate

устранять, исключать

embrace

охватывать, включать, содержать

empower

уполномочивать, доверять

enact

предписывать, вводить в действие

enforce

принуждать

ensure

обеспечивать

entail

ограничивать права распоряжения собственностью

essence

сущность, суть

estimate

оценивать

except

исключать, за исключением

exception

исключение, изъятие

expire

истекать, оканчиваться

feasible

выполнимый, вероятный

fulfill

выполнять, осуществлять

govern

управлять

grant

даровать, дарить

heed

обращать внимание, учитывать

heir

наследник

infringe

нарушать (закон)

juridical

юридический, правовой, законный

juridically

юридически, по закону

late

покойный

law

закон, право

law-breaker

правонарушитель

lawyer

юрист, адвокат

obtain

приобретать, получать

provide

обеспечивать

provide for

предусматривать

repeal

отменять, аннулировать, отмена

requirement

требование

successor

наследник

transgress

нарушать (закон), посягать

transgression

нарушение (закона)

trust

доверять, доверие, опека

wealth

богатство, благосостояние

will

завещание

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: A) according to your dad’s will you are the only heir of his wealth. You are at a loss because you have two sisters. You consult the lawyer on this problem; B) your granny left you her whole wealth, but you can get it only after you are married and have children. You want to contend for it and speak about it with your family lawyer. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV–VI.