?=
-x
=> n z
Z /^' > ),< <\ J
-
e
z
-l
o
o
EI
F.l
-l H
z
o -l o t- o
fI]
e .> a
|n
l-
o
<=
=<
=
-l
z
z
o
o (D
(D lF
o\
o\
tJJ (t
lJ
N.)
!\o
0q
\o
{(,rf.)-
qq
F
o
-l
o\ ( ru r{ s s r o \ 0 \ o
6@ o o{{ { {O\ O \
{{{
o\
{
A O\A F
Co
O\ O\ o\ ur (, A OOS r-
(^
CO
\]
ur
{
() -
\o
\o
:ik
3B
$s .
nJ
A (rr
|..) nJ
CA H
E a (} )(,
FS .
638
i$*g
^.l l oi RS E F
\o
I]J !.J
o
iJ
UJ c)
t'.) \O
o o 1 E z,l
E s rd
s3
$sseBHSt s
tJ
x;
= F =6
l:
(D o
x
F o
\o
.?= Fi 6
\o
I
.i'
. ;'
.e.
6' 5
'A 'e .aa
99
as+
tt
6'o
S.e
tro
6 -.
a)
!') :-
:.]:.l
'
S;SSSsKEssatE€EndrsssB
, .- t: :$ S UOiU*U : : : : : . :S____
D?
o.
a
.)
. .Y i
F:.)
:.IJ
-J
o\
6
z:
(a
o
z
ah
F
99999 l f P !e-
o t* c.E
ei
. -\ J
_F )
x9
J<
. )! _
€
4
o
z = z
z,
d:
=A
-r!
E>
r 'ct
aeo
!:'
H>
6>
6Z
=' 3
r-,
'e
X
0e
(D (D .)
(D
o
o
(D
0
.\ €
z
-
o
zt
z
a
H
:l
z
F
o
cr
:l
H FI
z
z
o z o
T
cin
ao
6q
6 I.'
Fw
3. .
-4
-
}..)
"x
Irz.
i
H
'il i.ri
= I
t6(!
Ft
35 q!D
'\' 5
A+
HO
i.6 .t La
!1 -F S.;'
av d
? I
41
-<_
.aL
_x I
s,
-ii I xl
rl.4 z
{
tl
o
FI
a
o
U)
(D
€ \
6
o r
l.
FI
Fl
zrl
2
t
o 2, o
R
I
s
E>
=z s-z
6Z si
S
aa
F I
'r
dl
^lx t
R
Iyl
? l*
"
\J
z
FI
o
za
z ..
z
Fi
i
2,
s;
.-a
I
IJNNPN19 NIJN
a
o
a-
-
6
6
6\ o
o
o
o
uaa o .
asu o oNN FO oo o |. ,Nr JNA A lqu - .r € or 6OO O @e o rN
tl tt r rr rl l lll l llr ll 9 9 99 P9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 \o \ o€\ o \o\ o \o\ o \o
{ r6 a ru d i n Nb a
9 9 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 P 9P
++++ ++ +++ + +++ + +++ + +
B; 68e88 83 33 3t tt n3 3d
o i 6 \c
s'
t
X 5l . ) = '- t q
(DC r '5
.a
;.c
*.a
.+
{
b..
E.
R.
*
t
s
g
)
o'
A'vt
z
r:|
o
:l
z
a
z z
:l
d
z
i =
ei
9 ; E'H '
\o
N
z
t
.l
o (.
o
z
F
z
FI
o
c.
z,
z
Fl
z
N)
z
z
z.t
1968.) Fig.s. Reconstruction showing nautiloid shells stranding in lime mud. (From REYMBNT,
z
"l
,l
o
o
z
i
o
z
,.1
o
l.
z
z
z -,l
N)
tl
I
Ll
|
{ + oooo
++++++
oor o\6@
@a66\oo
tttttttttl r+ 9 9 9 9 9 -9 9 P 9 9 9
oou! {
ll
er 6
s3
nh
i>
3;
z
FI
o
z
z
t
t
z
?{
=
=
= = =e3 i
.. {
z z
'.1
t
z
;
R
'
9 I
9 9 I
o c o o o o o I
+r - +++ +++++++++++++++++++++ ' o o 6 o 6 o q o 9 I
9 9 I
I
+ 9 9
*i- x.o
A9
R-
o t!z Fr
"1
r-
z'"
O
z
-i
o
EESEEFF
FEEEEEEE: qXa€A-d$8HFSg3H8F$dEq6XE5
__it Ji tilaiillliiiil+E; 5g5 l 3 I 5 3 I i i iir ll rar rrr --A
3 i.
FC ,
o
; F ; 5 5ss - --- g ss s ;;E E eeec i l ni a€E HE FE E q
?999999 oooo99 9P
==aTsEEEEEE;;S!!:56 5 5EEEEIEEHEss333RAs3t s; 6-]
R
Iv"
l
o
xv=
ll
F
.5O
?<
\o
b
I
\ < r xr l5 55
o'
rr6
3o -o qo
= -r
I
I.,NNNIJN!JN)NN A
a N
tJ
{ -r {NEAA{-NNOO
5
AA} .boNN
NfuI.JN- ts_ N P tJ O i5 c) c)
[email protected]
\o
\o
\o
- aooo
O b
ol o\ 6
@\o\o\o\o\o\o ! A @ O -r -r -
| | r | | I | | I | | l | | I | | | |
\O \O \O \O \O 6
\oo \ NoO or | .j AqA uor o60
+++ +++++
6
trtrrtttrl ttl tl l rttrl tttrl l
AA-Ao @qOuo
q
No
!i
F^
6 6'
JF
sz F 2 R>
nt
-z
A
o z
d
rl
o
o
z
F
z
FI
o
qAASON u@rEc)o \e
ua Soa N !!cia \o+u
,JAAAU'
-€ A- {Ou
{
>' t t
A.
ll
z
ll
o
o
z,
a
z
rl
*
3
E.
a.
o
z
z
t
z:..
D
I
i
o\ \o
N)
!'.,)
I
6
A'
+
9
t)
I
9
t)
I
I qc
c =
!')
\o
90
I
+
tJ
;-
6
?z
o
z m
c
t-
PptJo!rr
iAc)
N01
a
I
r+ + l+
qH@l.)OO
O\Nt)aOO
oo999o99P999
.F0paiF@qoq{
O9PP99PTJP99
+ + rI + +
$o pair@qoq--r
I t+ | t+ I t+ o9P P 99P i J!" 99
9 9l s:-99090i -!'9)o9o o o\o N u
o , tso @ {H ts uuo6{
si!"9.99ni9JPf9
a @5 0s
u u6\o OlF@OOu@
6 uO{5 -@UNOOO
ll
bl
I
5
t!
I
it eF
: ir'
tA-
a9
ns
So \d
F
z z
z,t
t.)
t
@ N)H
a q ooo r o\ o
! u!a F. N O\ t. B
0 1 ua
6 -ro\q a aNE
o\o
ns
$$
s's
o_
\o
z
t
a
c!
d
o
o
z
l.
z
rl
o
(!
z z
:t
|l
z
9:'
it
e'
k t
6'
€
6' 6
=6 !x
r
^- 6. ' , >
=r
;
F
E ^
a-
=
t 6'
F
2' ;
1 z
z
z
o\
F
o
o
rl
o z
rl
z.t
F
z
z
z,l
o\
z
o\
F
o
o
F]
t
o z
t
i
z
z
z
.l
H
o
r
oo
o
-.,
i
T! -
E€
sq
E *i " E : ! AT
!
r:
ni
rsF$-$F -F* tR : $$! :
o z
Zx
Frl -
o
.l
z
5 96 z;
:-
26
.< v s+!
\ F. d ;-r
irF
;.!
$+$ g [3 F "s
9!
Y
F
o
,l
.l
z
"l
a
z.
z z
t
z, !l
=
o
3
o
X
I
Ol
X
I o\
X l.r
><
+
\:i
+
+
e,
I ?
I
?
tl
><
\o
tl I
I
X o\
o\ I
+
o5
F<
Oa
4z
lJ F
az l;
o
9
{
-,i
-.J
t.
z
z
rl
zFI
o\
Gt' .) o
9€
j2-=->
;i = :-
3 i: A: \
o 3
2
z
=
?
E3
q:
sa*
*s
:, :
zt
8l
I
3
*: + ,J
-i tI N:
s l:
(.
d
o
-l :t
t
-l
o
F
H
z
z
z
-t
*s
!I
$F
*s !x * i.
{
rr
FI
o
i
a
:l
t
o
lt
,t
= z
z
o
z
r * Bs
t!
nd
€
zI d3
i "iio iE i
i a:fao:
t:3
9.;;;;€ ! !:.:. 14
5 5 E s :5;
A*
r' r E+
(
\V
\/
ZL
9E
CE
9g
z.= s4 3.^
i!
!
.a
o- - - - - -
1---__
o c
|-l
,l
F:
zFI
ss,
d-
_i
I
o
i A=
D:r
Fo i
:-
{
(.
,l
€ o r:
-l
o
a
z,l
z
z,
I
Species
a tattami
F
Species
tattami
a tattami
F OR T IIE O F N IG ER IAN
14
16
Borehole leDelt
0.389+0.0050.416+0.0100.437+0.007 (0.039),20 (0.015),9 (0.012),16 0.322tO.005 0.318 +0.002 0.330+0.00?0.346+0.002 (0.012),30 (0.0r2),r37 (0.0r4),20 (0.008),6? 0.335+0.0030.300+0.0060.335+0.006 (0.010),34 (0.017),3r (0.017),31 0.266+0.005 0.254+0.004 0.286+0.009 0.293+0.0050.2,$+0.004 (0.or2),2s (0.018),38 (0.017),15 (0.013),23 (0.009),20
0.4r8+0.009 (0.023),2E 0.390+0.0r2 (0.013),14
0.333+0.0070.341+0.0030.353+0.007 (0.010),12 (0.009),37 (0.010),12 o.272+O-OO9 (0.017),l6
0.410+0.0060.421+0.0120.450+0.007 (0.010),12 (0.01E),8 (0.015),22 0.391+0.017 (0.o27),r2
I3
0.401+o.oo7 0.,02+0.007 (0.009),9 (0.009),10 0 .3 1 1 + 0 .0 1 2o.322+O.0O40.324+0.006 (0.008),9 (0.010),l5 (0.0r4),55
0.420+0.043 (0.03r),5
oJ&t+o.0t0 (0.m7),7
0.356+0.022 (0.027),8
0.450+0.006 (0.012),16
0.423+0.009 (0.020),19 0.407+0.02r 0.,t02+0.009 (0.018),8 (0.017),16
12
0.382+0.006 (0.010),13
PALEO C BN B
0.440+0.0340.397+0.026 (0.027),s (o.o29'),7
-
Borehole leaels
0.366+0.0130.347+0.0100.358+0.0120.365 +0.010 (0.034),30 (0.005),6 (0.020),12 (0.019),r7
0.415+0.0r1 0.384+0.0r4 0.398+0.0210.406+0.0140.418+0.015 (0.02D,18 (0.030),21 (0.015),5 (0.026),8 (0.021),11
N IC ER IA'
F OR H EIGIIT
W BST ER N
M BAN
Bolehole leDels
AT AR AR O M I.
IN T ER VALS
F RO M TT IB BO R EI{O LE
CO N FI DE NC E
+ The lower litre for each entry is the standaad deviation (in brackets) and the sample size; F signifres females.
Ruggie
Buntonia lioida
Buhtonia bopaenris
Buntonia beninensit F
Cythercis deltaensis F
Ooocytheridea pulchra
Cy therc I la s! bes te I bradley i F
Ruggielia
pulchra
bpaensis
Rtodonia li|ida
tudonia
lL--f,.--r'F
OEoc)tturidea
Ct rhzre I ld sylDeste ft radley i F
Ruggie
Buntonia liuida
Buntonia bopaehsis
Buhtonia beninentis F
Cythereis deltaensis F
ODocythe dea pulchra
C y t her el la sr l'es t er brcdleri
Species
OS TR AC ODS
ME A N s, sT AN DA R D D EVT A TTO N S AN D
TA B LE X III
r
F I
o
Fl
FI
il
o ,..
l.
zrl
z
z
o\
r..l
r J lN l + lx I
<.:.->
I o
o A
i
l.
o
i
.l
i
t
o
ll
-l
2.
3
z
2.
o ,)
ll
:l
z
o z
z
q !€ o;.
6
r d
=iess
gser iq
o z az >
$+
S3
q
Fr
6-
F s
6'
!!
9s.
t;
z
A!
rHBoHoo
€
UASTJ
Fn<
8i
z
:!
F
sa
F +o i Fo i F' * F" 5 F 5F 5F ;F
t s5;t s: :E555;;
L L iJLiJL:-L bLioio
F
3
,ri
{9
i-
$
5'q
s6
s:
t
d q
FT
's !
i
\o
F
F t
o
,t
B
,l
o
t-
z,l
s
z
F
2
I
Mo
rr
l(
]B l
{
o<
€
f.
I
5H < t.a
€S
F!IJ) Y.:
=' > /1
9 : '9 : ' 9
I
S
3
i
q
a
o
I
t, M lr
I
?
t{
-=
tl
?*
drJ
tii
P
Ab'
IE
,3 x
Fd'
,l
{
z
-2
x
3> >
z
3
z
!r |l
rl
FJ
FI
FI
o
r
|l
3 z
z
z
\o
5;i
=;: r6
i J:
:n t
qx
z 5'
- t=
;R
rE
N .E F
s:
q
sd
\' 'r-
3E
t
k
3
F !> : ao
>
cx
1+ )< It
99'
€
I
I
E
Fl
Or
tl ;-
N \o
p
e|,
6
9:999
9S9!9iJ
FFFOO
N
i
\o
l.
rr rl
o
:'i
,l
ll
FI
o
t
z
z
z
f..)
\o
Tl f,l E
p
-t
IT Y O EC R EASINSALIN G
D I STA NC EF ROM5EA
l d:
>
GP 6;
9{
I !.'
; ', ; '
J
6
?o
E
A AE
6 d
F
ss
s:
E
o
\o
t.
o
,l
o
i
-l
>
tl
x' ts
s:
[' E a-
_ q!
d
€
EE
i'
a-
3
R6
"i t R.
?
€ s'
!d'
q^
f' o
o:
:< - r
$z qt r =s < ai >
3@
\o
r.
t. t
a o
-t
i
o
t.
t)
z 3 z
z
D
;
E
tl
I
ntl
rrl
I f.4 |
J: t-
t'a
Il5l
t-JI
A*
F
=:1q
tlttl
ltttl
bbbbb
b'obbb
=! . E
j
i 2 t2 .> tsa
"i
*
D:
d
€:"
-* FFdd
q i3 k -. s :
it 6'
9o
F
z
z
o
1.,
ar tr l r
>t
i
>
s?
:l
F
z
z
z
;-
i!
iJ b. io
:r :!- :* -- -: J
i D i^U\ i !+. io @ obu '- rs o
u So s @o c r
- : 3 : ! *- Jy 9
a 5{o \co |JN
;i,iio a i,b
f:!fP:-P 9 oo- r6 0 0\o \
:! !. 1!Jv g!-:
in i,
9:
6'
N3 i:
ar
9F
63
':=a:'aE
IE n-r tr c;: F.U P Y :: ='
bi ^
9J9!.'
| io
9 I r< ?
! {-/
kl
?
!
?
d.
t 6'
i!
i,
tJ
en i^ in
3.
;^z
k
J>
:i
F
l"
6F :i ,5
!!
$sss
zi
F.
>o
=a-
I
?
F
:
s
Pd
tr x
!d uo
9i
-
?
I
go
o
B
e
P
E
o
F
o €
a
e
a
o
o'
o'
E;}
x.E
tuP
6g
PE
EA
-€
oEl
9et
6
F
o =
!o o E qa
:.
qe
!
o
tt
I
F .n
8
o
=D .f
g
a U'
P
rE
a
-p
tD
aa
tt
$
s: €
;
o
z
z
i
a
o
3 o
z
z
i
a
c
2,
;
v
r
F
.;*****n*,.*
tttttttr
lEr '
+-t s :
o *t. ! qi
.:.d
;P Rld $
E
c\!
i; ! or* ,SPSHHSH S ! :a 6'
r o* tr N \u Ir ol \oF 65u a+\) {{a6\
l.3 s s H3 s d
. b r<s s
F$$
EHEHtsHE
J9! . + P N - c)
'z
F<
*z
:>
eo
7>
O
o
o z
o
z
z
:.]
o
3 o
rlt
_--t
+ tr
+
l
t-.
+
t-r
!
{ O\OANP5
l 3R tg3.' U
, s, i- !.J I.' :'!\'
r .r \oNo{ oa
l!oq{ r qu
l o\..r O+- 6\@
a N Ao u N - r o 1
u Bt sa q @o b
bFlgNlr o6c)
HBBNN@uO
8 e xd 3 g 6 H
o!oF- Naa
: - 9999999
r 9\ ! ^ +\ - \ r . - 9
l.r
F
F
-,
3.t
q€
\k
:&
R3
=
i .n
$F
€q
E&
?
3-\ xs.
as
+
c :Irs
i *. *R
-.! -= x +
;;
:>
oo
o
o z
E o
z
z
a o
F
z =
z
H
t.
e
z
?
t
o\
c- ? n ;2 9
2- t
P R O P O R TI O ND Y I N G / I N TE R V A L 99999
\o
o
z
o o
z
z
o
:l
{
a
SU R VI VO R S
99: : 'P P i u\ o+ @ ao@
ou6aaoS
H oooooo
+ ---.r--9 ua\o5\ou.ts
u\o@pga,o
r - |9uao
or qaapFo
E ; <<=t -
6
rS 8e
- .=
.S \
i ". d: i s
. A JN Y
+)
r.$i e -s d 6
6
.d \ :+
F
:l '
>ttJ
29,
2>
r1 !d
3S
t-,
a
tr
. - ., !. ,
"{g *i Ft l |r eu :
.'
5.
* \
I
N U M AER PER M L
z
?
+
+
?
? +
3
ll
I
HI
Xr I
I I t
5g
NUMBERS
i.
pi t Eia
Z ;E
^: Eg
ir
5x
at !! =: =X
AA
El B =t's
i
z
z, U ,<
C F
v
iil
z
;i .
@ -a-
:.8
fi 'e ; l:l
F
Ao t 949
'J o
1-P E.b
-
f 3H
98-
3 3 : -b
'N i^ a \ b
D
ii
ao
z
z
z tr
€ ", X E: X
99 t
3i
{
l') A
\o
't
\J
!,,, \o o\
!.)
O\l
O\
51 5
+ tx
I
!e
z 3 o
z
d
F
z
5
-a
8
o
2, o 2,
t
o
o
z
o
o
z
o z
rl
c!
o
2.
;
FI
6;
= e5
=i a
712
:.-j
I
z? E=
=7 .
l
3
IN DIVIOU AL S
F
"9
g; :.
. ?
=
\o q9
-z
Fa
6'
3
,!
i- =\o 9
e^ i ,
z
a,o\uAAPo tv
LD i !\
6i
{+is
a
* N+ s
$ sr$ sr* i
: . 6^ "E n- s i : E s- Nt
,k
o
z
z
o
l.
e
z
;
F
- 5 N - r EH
B
€
CJ5' F B { d
44
p'6-
.l
6
s
ph 6-6-* f
FF
ta
i:
0
u
u {
-
qu o
a5 5 { at'J
5 o
! o
o o\
bp d. {
p q
N 5
bJ N tr o oo
@ -r
o\
a
o
e8u 8 ex 3 e s 8 s B 3 8 3 9 8 6 Hts ts UUts S ts :
€
I,
3
i
\
z FS
5
d
SE
!*
z{
g, a {
6:
a.t a)
Ez
? ; 2n
nt
t
^rz >l ?; -1 :
> 9 ,a<
4>
6a
z>
E
a- >
2,r
_'
3
= o
t
Fig.28. Schematicdiagrarnsof sorne of the most frequently drilled specie6of ostracodsand pelecypodsof ihe Niger Delta. (Redrawn aft€r RIYMBNT, 1966b.)
o
z
z
F
o (
5
o ?
.l
I
oe
ci:
.a
Eg
Olo*u\oJoo\ oloor { o5@
91P 99: S "i - 9
O oo- aa a- - tuo- o\
o+ Hr .) a@s
o\q} obJBo
,r
fz
q
+ o' $e si
t+
'l
' t.E
z
ftz
dtz
:>
EI
2tn ;x @X
SE $ s;
Es
,:e-
F3 .;:
O
I 3
3
o
z
z
.r
z
.-
:l
|\)
9P l o: '
:':!
i
:'
I
i-
ooor ur o
t-T"
al ol oF r N $.c o.s
6\b5up40
I
frt
e
\
l
E
I
FF' :{
r !$6-
Al 1l
ii :{
o+ E
ie
ai
2
€*
4Y
2iz
z:
a1
=tl
oR
: ,J
;{A
ir
i-
u,
==:
55 5
888
99 9
I
99 9
=
:i
?
; \o
h
0
pu
; oo
: . I. L \ oq 6
ir
3
ir
i 3t
i rl i .r
6 04
a\o -
=
E
8
9
9
L
l-
ts
-
*
$
I
o
z
z
t
lt
c
z
v
"
:
0 F; d
^ {6-
;$
o
\o
o
z
z
t
z 3 o
z
rl
F
o
z
z
t
t.
z
;
FI
E---
F
f.J
rl
I
o"E
9a'
E?
oo
d
\o
FP
a- 9-
Qo
ii6 6o
iio
:t€
( 'bi
r - '1::.
t - P ! "! : - . '
5 ;8 8 6 ts
999999
0a
tD
(D
a
N
o\
€
z
6Z
'.
oto
z
,.'
f
5 b5!N* O
s3
\+i-
* $s
si
z
o
z
FI
,l
l.
(o
o r
l.
cl
{
N)
D
D
3
z
o
z
{
d
C.
o
F
l.
o
a
FI
6p
l .f s F o@
a\o{r r o\
6bo\uN
ro 5@
zFro
VaN STRAATEN,1956.)
5N
6\o
OfJ
A$| \)
oqN
d
E
6-*
sa
o E{
c
3
Eu r
=z
!o e> 3t'
v
z
Fig.32. Map of the Dutch Wadden Sea showitrg the sampling sit€s. The shaded areasmlrk th€ locations of tidal flats. The decimal numb€rs denote the proportion of individuals of Mdco mo bahhica to Cercstodermaedule at eachlocality. (Redrawn after
ti^
F,
o
F
C.
FI
tt )
x-
-9
.i i
x' o
Hx
F{ ge
i
L
a ' !1
o'
6
(,
rE
El
F4!
H
Frl r
I
I
,5
i
9\
. 9 59
t-
o
J
o
q
o
I
o o
-
=6
ll
(,,r
ll F o\ '1, Ftt na (D -
6-
o-
6
ffiffii,
$v
;i
U|
e !.9 AdN\
() o o-
o
i.
FI
>
o\
z
o
o
o
r!
|l
F.l
I
-!. )-f
at la r c saq u-<
38
o
o
q z |.
s -t c 4A +
2
; ^Fq
-2: F S.s
F3
3
a.
N U MA E ROF S P E C I E S
3
z
o
F
o
F
l.
t
q\ N'
F--.--.......:-
F
-t5
I l-t
' - lz ?t"
||l.a r,
: I
t::i d ;
!6!: :l q o
q
ll
tl
lD
-r YlNb ---
:"q I ""r ,r s r 6 l l ll ll r! rl
:6
6'
Ft
z iR.
t\
>
t:
g>
<e
a
z
Ir
t.
o o
t.
3. r& , r
L
*t= ,l A f= i
\.?
i i !) ;.tD
9€9d'
=z =z
i
{
a
c
tD q
00
o
o (A
ct, ar)
o at)
(D
:* F.
3q
z
t
X = -
Zw ;i
\
s
z
z
frl
>-
az
i5 t
3 >, .
o
t.
o
i
i
:l
3 e
o
N
z
z
o
lt
l.
o
a
a
z
{
ill
E?
JS
-!
q
e
a
i-
q
@\oa\or F.6f- )
- auat\) al{
c'oB- 5@+
OOOPHqT
oopoooo
^ ^ ^ ^ ! . i *^
{ aEr \oqN
b
'! s
E
6
SF
^B F
!z
[ ,F d
*i: ibi :r
Q3
: q F
i ;
I
o
E
o
^e , >'.r
z
I
ll
FI
lt
z
o
F
z
F
3
o
i
z
>l
>,
{
t.
z
F
z
t-l
3
o
t-
z
-l
D'
e^.
cO
;<
Q<
;:
:i:
^t
;r
to \
';
s,:.
:-:
EE
€!
qs
:.s
k
s
ofi-
F
6
R
=q
*F'
:i p
F'!
.D ID ,^ J
E 7
^
o-r
a\
o
o
o
z,
o
z
\t -J
lt
a
l-
2.
{
i
+^ ^ i - t+ a \s.
st+
Fig.36 Djagrams shoNing shifts in relative abundancefor some speciesof Oligoc€neplants from Oregon, U.S.A.
{\o
o
z o
z o o
!l
r!
t.
z
.{
xi
LG
z
IG.
". 2
t+
s1 '
IG
i!
NE S+
\
=
I
dC
-.<
i x:.
--
9 .o
9 as
o - 6'3
x. Fo
;
E
I
+ + +
?
ll
+
+
d;
+
<
-
+
s---
o
z
z o
t.
ti
F
z
p o\ X
X
X
X
bo
{
{
s,' -{
1..)
I
X l.)
I o\
o\
c,
I
-l
X
I
\o x
tl
B
a
x
(,rr
I
o
F-l
nl
! xe
3 Lt
dFl
oo-
6'a
5a
=o
i '9 .
Fg
s- A
ii5
=n
o
zo
zo
.r
F
(.
z
a o'
tt J ' 6- 9y ca Frr =,' g: ;'
: --{
o
A ;r'
a
: -. 4
M
66
tl t
o,
oB
I
I
]{
FI
?
\::-/
l.zl r
I
a-. rr
I l'Ja F
[ --1
x
p9999
9 =p9 9
99 99 o
B B \X U
oo oo o
tst s Ss 8
ooooo
G;56;
o o 9 p9
E;[:6 99999
9999o
aoNF o
+++ ++
+ +++ +
33533 3iI J3
: : l: 3
:t::^
+++ + +
99 99 9
99 99 9
*+**r
99999
9 9 9 99
+++++
+++++ tr ::t:t::l+ : -: -
r-
E$ se8
i -:-99p ooee
gg$xs o
9999 9
ssssB
r a 9$x
+++++ : v yyy y a bA rE qa { \oo N :
) -l ': ? :v; u i .J} . )- 9 a { ouo .
+++++
rtBrB
6o
+ + + ++ y y yyy +u a ol ++! ., a
\ o \o @: r 6 - r . Jao \ @ o\o o \o
yyy l -: -
+ + + ++ o\
+++++ ooooo
+++++ oooo:
Sr s r y y !, a^ano\o\o. 6- - N .A
B€asH d;yBs
+ + +++
99999 i {i {{ ;..; $: oi oi
+++++
,b,ndi b.i t 5.r i j 6di E I5:;E
e s ts 5 J E i=5 5
uo\&\bo
+++++ p!J 9pp
aa_\oi r 5;A6; 9y y 9y qu9qq - - ;N 5qi a
+++++
+ + +++
+++++ ppppp
o, ui o- j G
y !- y y t,
99999
99p99
itsi6
qbN oc j
GA ta i
99t- y y o\d@ {o\ €@ @ {o\ c ) o'o- 6
+++++
+++++
:- y y r - :qaul .J i o\o {dod t,o{oN
-= eeg, ,o\9{ -o 6 d.5 A { € N s { o r., b-: {--o. :--a i€ u-3;\o{u * 9 \ S ; e E *s Fiie xE
-i .rr-:-r--- -r -
: -: - :? : e:/ ! \oo N A
|r
g g3 3e
+++++
EG3 6 B 3 ! t B B
: 9 o | .r A q
:f 1t++
= @+ o 9
i ei .i rir i. u cy + !+ lb : 6 +r r9
! o: r
i ds rS
: ;l dd
" 9 99 9
fi
! = HEEs €BSXsE a EE ;HS F€ U:$58 E X !*B S E HH5 S E Fg
9 99 9P
:t tt+
eaesx sau-sEEsF* eesFs HgFHE :u5E;FFiisEFgi-
3i3 ji
. :553 FEEES3:Aji
C3 $84 FdHiH Ee:* B AFE $E ;s{}5 $8 FEsg ; N€g3Fg S
3 3 S s3
3 ; 33 ;
a
i's
( ,S
BN
I
{
7
r
s
z
G.
|
ba ---]o
Fu Au o,
qoi6 \o O @O FNA -NAq -- r o\oo \l.Jo\
rtttr
tt tt t
r rttt
q5! - o
rr t tt
t tr tt o \o6 ! o1
rt tt r
S UNFO
tJP NNP
lt t t t P999-
-ooroN
{-eOi
trrrl
N s o@ - l
l trrl
N J q{Ol r
€6{O\q
NbJPIJN
99\o\c \c @ +6o.N
ttlll 9 9P99 i o,D 9i 9
v v v v :v boooo
\ o io\ o io \ o \o\ q \q ! 6 \o\ o
+++++
5{\oNA
tsP :,9o:! --ooo NO@{u
{r$ots
{!i i \ q$u-o
ttttt
in i^:n b, uo6\oo d'l \ONA{ --O--rd
-r
9
+++++
| | tt
i^
. \ /v| Jv v o b ob e l Js{
u+ u l .J -
a $a5 s o ooo o A !€ NA
N)|-)Nt.)N
oio @ o\ e @\ o \o\ o \9 {of . J $ oi
ltttl 99 99 9
| |
lr tt t
\ O NJ
$ aN-O
IJNNNN
| tt l- l -i - - o 6@ - A !
rllr r
-5 O 1
s 5a $ 5
oio . oio 9 +@ - 5
€
ll l ll 99999
rl l l l ?9 9 99
I t1
-\O!q 5 -4 6\otJ \o-4 6 \o
rt
P I,PP :, n r-g rr
I!9 :,P :, |Jr.r [rfJr r
{tso Nro
c)o' lOB c)
Nc){c)N
ini^
b .i i!i
ltttl
b
i b i! io i , i o
rlt lt
u\O A\O b
i,
+++++
o{ot\) o
N@$1} 6
l l rl l
\os \oqo
l rl l r
AaN- O
n)IJNNI.J
i ,o i o i o i .o'.o €G \o@6 5N O*i rl lao qqb-
ttttt o oooo
+++++ y 99PP L;- - * 5'- €6o o\oN A6
u:6@6 !€Nr qa
:!: , : , P } - , ooo\ o\ o
{c) r r 6
a'6 i n i ^ i n \o€01 u$ sr . J\ D o\ N
tl trt
a5- '- r O
iiiirasu6
+++++
Olr
:-:-:-:-:oM uur
+++++
aNo- r a
- r @\o\oO or \oo- b
rrrl r
rrl rl
lllll Sauao 01 0a@[.)
rl l l r
o\ a tr o O aO.- -
} uf.Jr o
IJI.JI.Ih') | J
5S55+ .ts a56p
6obb@
r .JN'JIJN
i! €',o.o o'uoa\G :- oi a- - u{ - u.b
ttttl ooooo
ui r J O uN oi Aoor d
Itttt ooooo
P99y y
+++++
65N- € Nu{ Ou
!.)}.,P!Qy
No|.\OOc)
Onu:do 6€o€@
i " i oi obi o 6{n{6 :@.Ldq j :u\o 6-
rl
b
o
b
iii^q L^ ; UAN-o
rt
O!OfJC
b.io:oiEi r Na5.uo
+++++
PPPPP
+++++
Gb;no@ oNqno
|. , ! . . '! . ) ! . , ! . ,
\0@{ 66
b\ i r a\ i , i " [ r - o@ - r
trttl
- O01
iiib.io
+++++
pN pr Q p i- iJ ir;:-
bbbbb { sN \ o{
+++++
h']
+++++
ooooo i et ei s i oi o
N r r ! apN ;;-:-;-
-\D-r6$
N N pN \ ) i ,i ! Li ei r
i "bbb \ot vA {
| | | |
\o\q6- r oi @ao\01
i s bi ei oi e
+++++
o\\oB$o\
ar 5+ L
p Np N!.J ;!!,a s rrN rJpN sai ,i D i i
| |
>r 6\9\o< , o\oi+ @
o ooo+ i qi ei ei s b
aol@r 5
Li "i i i r 5
NUNNNJ
:-l -:-=O o.o-+{
| ll
!ofr$qr {aqqN
ooooo iDieieieie
+++++
-Oa6@
+++++
in i^ i^ i^ia
i ^'o\ i n
..r \
N=\o!u
\o\ oo\ o\ o AUN-o
€\o\o\o\o
A5 }AS
a @-5 6
i . ri J i rl - l$ N O9{ -\ u {o o ! 6c oo\
.€ o o i o ' i -2 -! 4
+++++ ilq;ilq
| |
i. iJ i . t- ti:No €{ ;q- oG \oo \o@o\
tr t
-r{!@6 oa@j!+c\6 ;5 &
GGGGG
+ ++++ ooooo
q@@6\5 odq -\o
:.ii \\
oo o oo
!u P9 P:j
;t@AA r-p+t
rr tr t
! !, i . r i r i J t ua o ! u :c + o -
I |
{irNc)
:, j .??P
. .: :t
i
+.s.a5
i;:!+ .a 6A\0 AO
++ + + +
+++++ ij
t)P!.J| .,L,
i r|, l 9te| -, O@6 Sa
i !L ir iJi e N o€n{q q 'b uo o ro$ o \@
+' LL ;L o\o {q + 66s6 N -- r!o ra o
5A5AA
rr
f,iJ !Q}J N oq u ui a
t lr
u ic\;u q roo\o
+++++
o oo oo G GGGG 5 q Li6cn
ua
| | | rt
aO!b\o qqN6n
G GGGG rb ')fJo @
+ ++++ ooooo
O 6 o1 F u@o a
i ob b ob.b
ttr tl
+++++
i ,o i,o io i o i ,o
\d6n d \u\
$
3 2
:3
06
:'
\
*
in
h.
\o
F
t ttt t 9 99 9e
++++
+++++
+++++
l l tl l
ln
lllll 99999
s:
l I!,Ll 9999i
?9999
o
:338S +++++ p:o € {
Ei - a g +++++ 6d .' 4ii ; 5 S N od N { -- : 6
{@ \ooH
u q uqu b +}. r - Q \ o a\o q o N O \\o O O
E 3 3 Jg +++++
Na aqo \
O@-rb a
!"!,9S ^!
99999
!" !^
;a svio \
\o{q sN
s^:" !
\o 6 {or
-rF.o\\o-
!A!^!^!i!^ -b-\bn6\ -ooo
rt S at + + +++ ooooo
S E es H +++++ ooooo
*9 9 P 9 9
++++++
ttl tl l l l l l 'obb'ob
999999 \o
E sd ld 3 3 3 j8
;;:i ;E t:f ttt 99t P 9
99999 C o: - ! +
99p99
9999P €\ o\ o\ c \ o
H6Ac) h
9 9 9 99
ANO..TA
99999
+ + +++
tttrtlllll 99999
d
q
E
\ E
a
sFgcsFHE$F G t s S X U Y t s 8S E gd36E Ht s E H5 +++++ +++++
;-LL;- L
{65NJO
9 9 9 99
I
ssB e n
! " ! ": ":
$$SHSF$EEE
Esg sB b b * :k sr r ss Hr g u S sE € 5 9 JtsE s
f 493ts + ++++ ooooo
ooooo ii ij; i^ i-NAUi:i
ooooo si A A ; i ,u6doo
tttl l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 6oooo LLLi i L ;i r,bbtr
!^S ! s.e
S u e tJ
!^!,r^!,:i
si oi oboe@ !^:..9r,
\0o\060\
S S S S S ss$ 3 p
:CF F 5 g sxjg
3EB A3 +aN-o BBE33 q \o@!c
c.oosor
5NO\O{
i . r i Ji ) l - r -
i,i,iririe i !i i s
@o\quN
+++++ +++++
+++++ i i ri ,Lri ,
+++++
iD io io i6 io
qoNo@ { \oN5J
l +t ni
uaE- o.@
'.Dio io io io
5{ otr $
:i!^s^ti ooo€\ o .F.No\o{
or\oo@a
{6\O\OO
ltttltltltrttttllllr io io io io io to i. b Lo i,
[email protected]. €Fao\\o
s ^ : . 1! s a !
H sH sHHH HHH FHBEBft UHgHU HEgEEEHHHB
Ex€t*Fgg*si HFsHB s:bFFH5E5E SgEgS
rr ttl tr rr lll l ll 99PP 9 99P P9
la Nio
: e e: s ::;::
rrrrr 99999
rrrrl 99999
r rrr r 99999
iIf
E:EXa *EfE€EE:UqHSH;B 8HE5E EFFSS lllll
tt llr oee;i
ttttl 9999-
rlt tl
bbbb
] lL 99999
ttrrr 9e999
rrl l l 99999
r rr rr i iipp
If
||f
s+as$
ssB $$e gs uggHasoE; sE5H H : F xu ! N HE
+aa+5
5 A" D.la
ESEEEs UUUHU F U SUU UX\ H H $s \xs ! ss s E uH \HsH $5 UB
$
E
R
$
\o
oo o o-
\o e eo
i ni r\i^i ^{
i r iD h,i r
A
P !Q P !,' P
!,) !., !!, P
\o {olq
+4 5 .45 66 --1
{
'-
bu bs
;r
N)u 6 re6
OOoO
\o \ooo o
:r
o oo*
$ u
i
,-
tr
;r
;a
5A qu0 1
Nu 6-
yY -yY t-::v-yy:,yy
i \i ii.
!.) !,' P P !,'
.Al qu u ft\OO<) !
0rts\o +o
-
9
@ {
6
b'obbb
c\
c)-NaA
i Fg+i |.
ofiu@*
t.r.-,''N
u.F
aFFNo\
Hqool!
5.Aquo.
a6\oa6
-.t o
u
NJ ! o
oj oo6-
9! ^ ! " u{Or A\O
P.f
Li r Li 't l
6hJ\o\o+
NNOOA u6c) 6+
tJaooa
\OOA€\O
6O\\OuO\
9\ 9. |. 'i - 9\
bb\ : 6i D A
+ + --B
ar alo\N
- - . "or g
{ { @Oo
NN- AF
uNUo5
: - l - i ei . i D uo@\o5
p5.r O.!
bLl - l - l -
999: - -
{ - uoo
oooo-
o- N5-
| JI JN | . J*
ql aN !
{6@\OO
{€\o- +
\o @ {
\o€or aN \oqoo@ O O - 6O
99999
ooooo ooo- oao\ - @ 99999
trao\\oa
ooooo \o\o\o\o\o *paq\r
@E\oc) c)
oBNoo
N N N T JN
$
u- {!J or \oo- u!
q
O\OC ._.r O \
6{@\OO
@@\o\oo
5@ N B
:,:!:,:'
66 \O\Oc)
o
.AS5AAA+5AA5S+$AA$AA+ O \$SA$A+AA+ o{- r o\u
6r s a- o
i oi obbr!-rl Ju6\ ..
u
bo b .i .i .i o
ob -oo
|J!)NNN oo -F-
NIJNIJ o o ooO
T JNOUA
FFNN'
NtJUla
+| 6\{€ F
€o -a
c)!Noq
-J@@\oo
yyyy:/
a b AAq
- yyy y - -N N fJ
N N IJN I.)
c
o ---Nr
:-
o i{o6\O
$ u uo.6
yyYy:/ b !.F+
*-f.rNJlw yl-,' -:.:'
;r
yy ; /yy Y Y: ':
y;? ::':v:? :-:?:-y:/.'-:Jy
Y :' y. - Y :' },Y NNN I JN Nn ') NT J
) -: v Y: -y Yy y j/
5 u t.J F
:-Y:
u
Oc)O --
s rr6 5
56{e
i
a
| .) N N PN IJ | - ) N t.) N N N N T J N
o.ts
S R-
$-t
\ 'b
o
H=
+=
j,
(Dr -
;
dE'
/-\
6-
.t-^
v
i lI:
C
\o
\)
a>
25.3E3 26.939 28.5M 30.080 31.664 33.256 34.856 36.464 3E.0?8 39.699
23.650 25.148 26-6s7 2E.t17 29.707 31.246 32.193 34.350 35.913 37.485
44 46 48 50
66 6t 70
u
62
5E 60
54
4r.321 42.9@ 44.599 46.244 47.t93
17.783 19.27s 20.783 22.304 23.838
16.362 17.789 19.233 20.691 22.t64 34 t6 38 40
39.063 40.649 42.2& 43.83E 45.442
13.409 14.t25 t4.E41 t5.s14 16.305
12.t98 12.879 13.565 14.256 14.953
!)
?i 28 29 30
9.915 10.500
6.614 7.255 't-906 8.567 9.237
3.609 4.178 4.161 s.368 5.985
rr.291 tt.992 12.697
6.t97 9.5-4:
5.812 6.,108 7.015 1.633 E.260
-1.571 4.10'7 4.660 5.229
1.134 1.564 2.032 2.s32 3.059
0.000628 0.0404 0.185 0.429 0.1s2
0.98
to.l96 10.t56 tt.524
23
t-1
l6 l: IB l9 t0
lir
ll t2 l3
8 9 l0
'|
3.053
o.872 |.2J9 L U6 2.08E 2.558
6
5
0.000157 0.0201 0.115 0.297 0.554
1 2 3
Degrees
44.889 46.595 48.305 50.020 5t.139
36.437 3E.ll6 39.801 41.492 43.188
28.144 29.787 31.439 33.098 34.764
20.072 2t.664 23.269 24.884 26.509
t5.379 16.15l 16.928 17.708 18.493
13.091 13.848 14.611
ll.59l ll._1,18
7.962 8.672 9.390 l0.lr7 10.851
4.575 s.226 5.892 6.571 7.261
r.635 2.167 2.133 3.325 3.940
0.00393 0.103 0.352 0.711 1.145 3.070 3.822 4-s94 5.380 6.179
0.0642 0.446 1.005 1.649 2.343 3.828 4.611 5.521 6.393 7.261
0.148 0.713 r.424 2.t95 3.000 5.348 6.346 7.344 8.141 9.342
0.455 1.386 2.366 3.3s7 4.351 7.231 8.383 9.524 l0.6s6 rl.',t8r
1.074 2.40E 3.665 4.878 6.064 2.'tO6 4-60s 6.251 '7.179 9.236
0.02
3.E41 5-412 5.991 1.824 1.815 9.837 9.48t lt-66E .070 13.3E8
0.05
8.558 10.645 12.592 15.033 9.803 t2.017 14.067 16.622 1r.030 13.362 t5.s07 t8.r68 12.242 14.684 16.919 19.679 13.442 15.987 18.307 2t.t6t
t.642 3.219 4.642 s.989 7.289
0.10
tt.I52 12.002 12.857 13.716 14.57E
12.6U 15.338 18.418 20.465 23.542 26.296 29.633 13.531 t6.338 19.51121.615 24.769 27.587 30.995 14.440 17.338 20.601 22.160 25.989 28.869 32.146 15.352 1E.33821.689 23.900 27.204 30.144 33.687 16.266 19.337 22.175 25.038 2a.4r2 3t.4tD 3s.O20
32.000 33.409 34.805 36.191 37.566
24.725 26.217 27.688 29.141 30.578
16.E12 1E.475 20.090 21.666 23.209
6-63s 9.t10 tt.34s t3-277 15.086
0.0t
39.2s2 40.790 42.312 43.830 4s.31s
31.264 32.909 34.s28 36.123 3'7.697
22.45',1 24.322 26.125 21.877 29.58E
rO.827 8.815 16.266 18.46'l 20.515
0.001
48.226 49.996 51.770 53.54E 55.329
39.43f 41.183 42.937 44.696 46.459
30.165 32.487 34.2rs 35.949 37.689
22.271 23.952 25.643 21.143 29.051
11.292 t8.tt4 18.939 t9.168 20.599
52.48't 54.336 56.1t8 58.042 59.898
43.281 45.117 46-955 48.797 50.641
34.157 35.914 37.795 39.621 41.449
25.148 26.938 28.'135 30.53'1 32.345
19.820 20-703 21.58E 22.475 23.364
38.466 42.sEs 46.194 sO.481 40.6.t6 44.903 4E.602 52.995 42.879 47-212 50.g9g 55.489 45.076 49.513 53.384 s7.96e 41.269 51.805 55.759 60.436
78.616 8r.069 83.513 85.950 88.3?9
66.206 6E.7IO 71.201 73.683 16.154
s3.486 56.061 58.619 6r.162 63.691
45.642 46.963 4E.278 49.5t8 50.892
E9.272 gl-E72 94.461 97.039 99.60?
76.084 7A.750 8t.4ol 84.037 86.661
8.402
62.487 65.247 6?.985 .10.703
54.052 55.476 56.893 58.302 59.703
55.714 6r.335 6.7.3227r.t2s 76.630 8l.3El 86.953 90.802 102.165 57.620 63.335 69.416 73.276 ?8.860 83.6?5 89.320 93.211 r}4.7t6 59.527 65.335 71.508 7s.424 81.085 85.965 91.681 95.626 tO7.258 61.436 67.335 73.600 .17.57183.30E 88.250 94.03? 98.028 109.791 63.346 69.314 75.6E9 19.715 85.52? 90.53t 96.3t8 lOO.425 ll2.3l7
46.209 51.335 56.821 60.332 65.422 69.832 75.021 4E.lO6 53.335 58.930 62.496 61.673 12.153 17.422 50.005 55.335 61.031 64.658 6g.gtg 74.46879.81s 51.906 5?.335 63.129 66.E16 72.160 76.77E E2.2ot 53.809 59.335 65.227 6t.972 74.397 79.082 34.580
36.755 41.33s 46.2A2 49.456 54.090 58.124 62.892 3E.641 43.33s 48.396 51.639 56.369 60.481 65.337 40.s29 4s.335 s0.507 53.818 58.64t 63.830 67.771 42.420 47.33s 52.616 55.993 60.so7 65.r7t 70.197 44.313 49-335 54.123 58.t64 63.t67 67.505 72.613
27.313 3r.336 35.665 29.242 33.336 31.79s 31.1t5 35.336 39.922 32.992 37.335 42.M5 34.812 39.135 44.t65
2t-192 25.336 29.246 3r.7gs 35.563 38.885 42.856 22.719 26.336 30.319 32.912 36.141 40.t13 44.140 2t.641 27.336 31.391 34.027 37.9t6 41.337 45.4t9 24.577 28.336 32.461 35.t39 39.087 42.557 46.693 2s.50E 29.3J6 33.530 36.250 40.256 43.113 47.s62
14.8,{8 17.187 r9.O2t 22.337 26.018 28.429 32.007 35.172 38.968 41.638 49j2t 15.659 18.062 19.943 23.337 21.096 29.5s3 33.196 36.415 40.270 42.gEO 5l.r7s 16.473 18.940 20.867 24.337 28.t72 30.675 34.382 37.652 41.566 44.314 52.620
13.240 15.445 17.182 20.337 23.858 26.171 29.615 32.671 36.343 38.932 46.197 r4.ut 16.314 18.101 21.337 24.939 21.301 30.813 33.924 37.659 40.2t9 4E.268
9.312 10.085 10.865 11.651 12.443
5.578 6.989 8.148 10.341 12.899 14.631 17.275 r9-6't5 22.618 6.304 7.807 9.034 11.340 14.011 15. 2 t8.549 21.026 24.054 1.042 8.634 9.926 12.340 15.119 16.985 l9.tt2 22.362 25.472 7.790 9.461 10.821 t3.339 16.222 18.151 21.064 23.685 26.E73 8.547 10.307 rt.72r 14.319 17.322 t9.3rt 22-30',t 24.996 28.259
2.204 2.E33 3.490 4.168 4.t65
0.0t58 0.211 0.584 1.064 1.610
0.20
Table of the Distribution of X2 (After FTSHER AND YArEs, 1957)
Appendix 4
o \\o \60
i.j
o
c! 5o\o{
-NO::l
rt.' \o@
OA {\oO
i, io ar ir l- b
-NNa56 \
o q {\oo
Npaaa o.
io \c.\o o
F
N{O\Oa
o q @\o @
{
@
puoSu{
aoSqo \\r
!,9 J
o\- 5\o o
o \ -. r@ @o N
i:
q.\ .. r! \
8 33. *E \
o\
+
A
Deyees of lreedom Ior the lesser oariance
d
:
5'
$ R
z
z
f-
i ,;
i - i -:-
|) !') l ,
A b.bi !b.i D
N
a. boi i -
B}
L
S " 9. 9 AO.uu
i
au- \ oN si i ni i
Su@\o@
stob
i ni e:-
b
BiNNbra
i o;-
uo\\o\oo Li ,bi r
60\\o\oq ir i'i.)
:j 999o\ Ao\aP
b.'oA i tbi :'
o
b
a l-
i 5
'@i oi r \b
u{! a$\
\ bbi
rNt')|')A
b
i,
i E:-
i^ iD;-
N bJ N aos i r ai bi ." b
i
!., P t,:,:,
bi r b:r l - i
aa$5u @ O 56\O
8 8 3 {*: \
!.1 E
N
P
Dcgrees of freedom for the letser Lwriance
:. d
:
+
\ R q
tt'
.J
O\o
>9 z-
o
;l
Z'(B ta
-zoi a Eq *
e: gR
(J| P xat tr 'ri
.n
. ||, FN l c4o c
ut.
>6- :i= u ri r dc c r ' ! ocl t r. no: o >D( n>t n\( ,
-l--{
t^r
a afi t-
l!
t
|
-r
r-
-
cr-
-zr za. N tr, 2
vr it!
ot
-
e
!
E zz
fim €
oc|
s
4
t.
2.-
tll (rr It z n
r r r E..
7
-a
c>
OF
m; c ,o
a>
oLi
N r!
-t
t
-
6at
. {
a
\o \o
vt
t
:
2
,l
\o
oF c
{-
|'r o !E z o o,
v
16t z
SC r tx ( l
|n€z
Er a
z aD - ttr
>0r r a6
!n
t'
2-
, .N
rt
'a
^'(|
N
fir
c ttt tc ct t Y.
!9-
a
Nr
o
. ( 'u t @ cc(n s r + !N.Z NN - - Y= o .t ,! ! N N D-
!v
!ror
3 -
r rr = E < fi ! :oFz= c
Er z ^r tr z ro o rr |l rz 6N N ^>d- z z - {^ >z{ - {( t . ^F ^Or { c znr oc< cvvcczFGmr
rr !cr E! o FO .' or ar a ,
OC *
at-
o- * x
=3.
2
utr r rt
z'rr r c < Gnt r ! ! ! [ z o E d x c c o r r o, D - oc l r r r o>!H
it
6
s:
^-^r-r.
xct
> r n3 za @r a
c> :o<
-X
rL
o u ro I Cr r
oc r !-r
€F .
z >
rv
-
_-
-o
('t r> oz
r> t
| |
20P itzt
c t> ZZ
cr> v!
xt @
<.n;
B:
6
o .
6'- c, F c
^ , r nr . :
- - n': 6- t
c 3
. 6
.
C - Zof i r or - r
g!o
E56- ;ar .
:
- r r tt'.al >otar <'o
-
o
i-
J
t4
B
6
X
tl
F
F
m
>az €rt
N o\
ar I -
o!
cr a
-. |F !
r G)
oE z. r t
l o- <
I t 2.t -
lt
t
2
o!o o . ci F. gt \aG Ir o \o .a !o {^' rrn)o o !F otE N
o Fa r - r n\ r r , |s ro .
€ € 660 0 00. { {{{ { 6.} u r € o ao. ! ctN € ooo s Fo o{r t r o{\ t €oO t o!o o Oo. o . € { \t{ n rr tr u Fr oo c r\ r .r {r o r
a
.
o u1, N rou N or o o6N
or r
..:
o
N oa o ..r FF @ r, o
\r {F
o€O€ Oo ( {c {Ar r \r F o
_
^
o
(D
c
^ fi Y-
-^-^t-
v@o
^ !t-N -< cr m < z ! r t . E ! r E 't - t - r -< fl!2fi rz_zo.tra I ct 2, > 1r - c a r €r I r r < r nr oE c > : r on €oo2. > : o> ! - - - az3
{F {o
€€oo€9€€€o o@ {{ o\o\o\ \tut! {F oo nr {or N c ,r 6( J .ot r !€\r
F r.r ur {F o'ts o u! nt F a \r €
O O €O€ €o€oo t\, o ro 6\it rNrit tl o
oFr
! { c--:ai r r r r r -q2 ' D-
o@ o .{{ rO . ,r O F r O 5r-o o 6 O€. {Or O
O NF G 'r 5
> 3
2-
-it
trl >
m{o
m c rn
- mt
ut>
ct o | . t . r . o
:::
rj,l:
ct
clo .- .gnl D F oo66.J r t oot5F o { z
N'
=
2,
rl
z
4
h)
a\,
;
F^ | -^r r b -r
:o- 5F
; oo r o: ! i
|
lo
|
|
6 tt- <x .x aa'nz
r :t,>z
ahaa6l t- n- <) r <<x a
nattl tt?tat
mz
;'9
t
:
lJ
;
f E !fr{<-i xo :o. .m
o<
-om o n>
. <cn{->c
c
ox< l n0
b
.:.4 zz> .'6)
t|\,
6
-
+ ^-
22
fionoo!zC- H!
c {c F z m G c
. a m " Er - 't!o- 9Ex r - r E' | . z c r | nr c r r c r m oor .
i 'r r
x ro
|
rt
rs.
|
..4.
| | | | <xonr r r > cr nz
2C t a c ttr o!c t'!- oa'! 1.r fi 6- 't O !n
c cF--
-D
o {
t\,
7
7
z
d
ts
>
o
F
ts z
,.1
:K
t\,
o (} o
(D (D' (D
F
z ts
rl
N
t.J
z o
zo
|n
b.)
E i ag 6: 3E ;d
"5
x
tD
z o
_5
A :. e:t
_6i
;.dE E
-
!!6
_o
t\)
x
z
z
+ e
r' P .o =
-S
- i--:99 'x = 6 Eq 3
n d t
g
_o
:
-
.5' ;
- * 9v
Ei EE
:;- ;,'
6\o
B o' X
€F
.- _B
E "d-s
.: a Er
F$o
: :. +
IOO
:
x
z
z
o\
l .r
^9dr
o\ {
-;
-E.3 J-
\o
oon
uo
6o\
€n
X
z
z
\)
\o 9
.P
;
-o
-j
-E-
-96'
iPSq
oa t, ^
E -*
8
d
9J'
9J'
I
I'J
td
z
x
z
I
e
3p-o
.F!5{
E+ ;{ ;
NN
P
a@{
*
i'
c
N)
z
z
\)
l.J
'P ;-s .z
-"6Jo
oo ;!@
xn
63- o.
E.3
z
2.
X
z
t.J l..J
