If This Is a Man

‫بريمو ليفي‬ ‫‪12605‬‬ ‫بريمو ليفي‪ ...‬الرجل الذي نزل إلى الجحيم ورأى‪ ،‬ثم عاد ليخبرنا‪ .‬عاد ليشهد‪...‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫كيماو...

Author: Primo Levi

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‫بريمو ليفي‬

‫‪12605‬‬

‫بريمو ليفي‪ ...‬الرجل الذي نزل إلى الجحيم ورأى‪ ،‬ثم عاد ليخبرنا‪ .‬عاد ليشهد‪...‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫كيماويا من حيث مهنته‪ .‬حارب في صفوف حركة المقاومة‬ ‫بريمو ليفي كان‬ ‫اإليطالية ضد نظام الحكم الفاشي‪ .‬وقد ألقي القبض عليه من قبل قوات األمن‬

‫بريمو ليفي‬

‫هل هذا هو اإلنسان؟‬

‫بريمو ليفي‬

‫هل هذا هو اإلنسان؟‬

‫الفاشية‪ ,‬وبعد احتالل إيطاليا من قبل األلمان‪ ,‬نقل مع يهود آخرين إلى معسكر‬ ‫اإلنسانية‪ ...‬لقد عاش بجسده‬ ‫بأم عينيه تالشي‬ ‫اإلبادة آوشفيتس‪ .‬واكتشف ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ووجدانه فظائع البربريّة النازيّة‪ ،‬في أشهر معسكرات اإلبادة‪ُ .‬كتب له أن ينجو من‬

‫ً‬ ‫الحقا آلية اختيار الضحايا‪ ،‬بدقة متناهية‪ ،‬في شهادة تعتبر من كالسيكيات أدب‬ ‫الحية على المحرقة‪« :‬هل هذا هو اإلنسان؟»‬ ‫الذاكرة‪ ،‬ومن أهم الوثائق‬ ‫ّ‬

‫مكتبة عالء الدين‬

‫‪www.aladdinlibrary.org‬‬

‫‪17,90 €‬‬ ‫‪ISBN : 978-2-304-02570-5‬‬ ‫‪ISBN 13 : 9782304025705‬‬

‫هل هذا هو اإلنسان؟‬

‫متفرجًا على جحافل البشر تُساق إلى غرف الغاز‪ .‬وقد وصف‬ ‫المحرقة‪ ،‬فيقف‬ ‫ّ‬

‫مكتبة عالء الدين‬

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

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ȆǨȈǳ ȂŻǂƥ

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ ǶƳǂƬŭơ ǹơŐƳ ŃƢǇ

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ƨȈǻȁǂƬǰǳȏơ Ǻȇƾǳơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ ǲǸů ƢȀǧǂƷƗ Ŀ ǂǐƬţ ƨȈŭƢǟ ƨǸǰƷ ƢĔƛ ."ƣƢƬǯ ǵƢǻȋơ Ŀ ǆȈǴƳ Śƻ" ǽƾǟƢǇ ƨƥƢƬǰǳơȁ ƧƔơǂǬǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǦǌƬǯơ ǀǼǷ .ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƩơǁƢǔūơȁ ƩƢǧƢǬưǳơ ǲǸǟ ƢĆǔȇƗȁ ǾƷǂǧȁ ǾǬǴǫȁ ǽǂǟƢǌǷȁ ǽǁƢǰǧƘƥ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ǲǟƢǨƬǳơ ȄǴǟ ƣƢƬǰǳơ .ƨǧǂǠŭơ ǶǴǟ ǵƾǬƫ ȄǴǟ ƨǯǁƢǌŭơ ǮǴƫ ǲǔǨƥ Ŀ ƤƬǰǳơ ǺǷ ƾȇƾǠǳơ ƨŦǂƬƥ ǵȂǬƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻȇƾǳơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ ǾȈǳƛ ȂƦǐƫ ƢǷ ơǀǿ .ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƨǧƢǬưǳơ ƩȏƢů ǁơȂūơ ƩȏƢů ȄǴǟ ŚǼƬǳ ƝǁƢǫ ǲǯ ŚǸǓ ńƛ ǱȂǏȂǳơ Ǻȇƾǳơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ ǥƾǿ ǹƐ ƛ .ǲȀŪơȁ ƨȈƦǐǠǳơ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƬǳơ ǺǷ ƨƦƄơȁ ǲǬǠǳơ śǰǸƬǳ ƩƢƸǨǏ ȄǴǟ ǾƫƢȈǗ Ŀ ŚǼȇ ƣƢƬǯ Ȃǿ Ǻȇƾǳơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ ƩơǁȂǌǼǷ ƧǁȂǯƢƥȁ .ƽȂȀȈǳơ ƧƽƢƥƛ ƣƢƬǯ Ȃǿ Ǿƥ řǟƗ ƢǷȁ Ƨǁơǂŭơȁ ƨǳƢǨǈǳơ ƺȇǁƢƫ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȏơ ƺȇǁƢƬǳ ƨǸǴǜǷ ƩƢǧƢǬưǳơ ǦǴƬű Ŀ ǺȇǂǰǨǷ ǺǷ ƨǻȂǰŭơ Ǻȇƾǳơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰŭ ƨȈǸǴǠǳơ ƨǼƴǴǳơ ǹƐ ƛ ƨȇǂǯǀƬǳơ ƩƢǟơǄǼǳơ ƢȀǔǧǂƥ ǂƻȉơ ǵơǂƬƷơȁ ƨǧǂǠŭơ ǶǴǟ ȄǴǟ ƧǄǰƫǂŭơ ǶȈǬǳơ ƢēǂǗƢǌŠȁ ƧǄȈǸŭơȁ ƨǯǂƬǌŭơ ƢǼƫƢǧƢǬưǳ ǲǔǧƗ ƨǧǂǠǷ ǂǌǻ ȄǴǟ ǲǸǠǳơ ńơ ƶǸǘƫ ƨȇƾǬƬǠŭơ ƨȈƦǴǈǳơȁ .ƨȇƽȂȀȈǳơȁ ƨȈǷȐǇȏơ śƬǧƢǬưǳƢƥ ƨǬǴǠƬŭơ ƨǏƢƻȁ ŇƢȇǁƾǻƗ ǭƢƳ Ƣǈǻǂǧ ŚǨǇ .ƨȈǻȁǂƬǰǳȋơ Ǻȇƾǳơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰŭ ƨȈǸǴǠǳơ ƨǼƴǴǳơ ǆȈƟǁ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ǧǳƚŭơ ƧƢȈƷ Ǻǟ ƧǂǐƬű ƧǀƦǻ ǹƢǯ ,ƢȈǳƢǘȇƛ ǱƢſ Ŀ ȂǼȇǁȂƫ ƨǼȇƾǷ ƾȈǳơȂǷ ǺǷ ,(1987 -1919 ) ȆǨȈǳ ȂŻǂƥ ǵƢǜǻ ƾǓ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȍơ ƨǷȁƢǬŭơ ƨǯǂƷ ǥȂǨǏ Ŀ ƣǁƢƷ .ǾƬǼȀǷ ƮȈƷ ǺǷ ƢƆȇȁƢǸȈǯ ǱȐƬƷơ ƾǠƥȁ ,ƨȈǋƢǨǳơ ǺǷȋơ ƩơȂǫ ǲƦǫ ǺǷ ǾȈǴǟ ǒƦǬǳơ ȆǬǳƗ ƾǫȁ .ȆǋƢǨǳơ Ƕǰūơ – ǆƬȈǨǋȁƕ ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǂǰǈǠǷ ńƛ Ǻȇǂƻƕ ƽȂȀȇ ǞǷ ǲǬǻ ,ǹƢŭȋơ ǲƦǫ ǺǷ ƢȈǳƢǘȇƛ ,ǁǂǫ ŕƷ ,ǾƫƢȈƷ ǱơȂǗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ Ƣđ ǂĈ Ƿ Ŗǳơ ƣǁƢƴƬǳơ Ǿƫƽȁơǁ ƾǫȁ .ȁƢǼǯŚƥ Ŀ ƨǼǷƢǰǳơ ƧȂǬǳơ ƪƯƾƷƗȁ .ƢȀƦƬǯ ƨȈƥƽƗ ƩƢǨǳƚǷ Ŀ ƢȀǔǠƥ Ǻȇȁƾƫ ,ƣǂūơ ƾǠƥ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ" .ŃƢǠǳơ ƔƢŴƗ ǦǴƬű Ŀ ǅƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ƾȇƾǠǳơ ȃƾǳ ơƆƾȇƾǋ ȏƆ ƢǠǨǻơ ǾƫƢǨǳƚǷ ȄǴǟ ȆǨȈǳ ȂŻǂƥ ǵƾǫƗ 1987 ǵƢǟ Ŀȁ .ȆǨȈǳ ȂŻǂƥ ƱƢƬǻ ƧǁȂǯƢƥ Ȃǿ – "ǹƢǈǻȍơ .ǁƢƸƬǻȏơ

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Ǧǳƚŭơ ƨǷƾǬǷ ƪǫȂǳơ Ǯǳƿ Ŀ .1944 ǵƢǟ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ǆƬǨǋȁơ ńƛ ƪǴǇǁƌƗ ňƗ ȆǜƷ Ǻǈū ȃǂǇȋơ ǂǸǟ ǱďȂǘƫ ǹƗ ƢȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǷȂǰƷ Ʃǁǂǫ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƨǴǷƢǠǳơ ȅƾȇȋơ Ŀ ǎǬǼǳơ ǶǫƢǨƫ ȅǀǳơ ǵơƾǟȍơ ǀȈǨǼƫ ƆƢƬǫƚǷ ơȂǨǫȁƗȁ ƧƢȈūơ Ǖȁǂǋ ơȂǼĈǈƷ .ƧƽƢƥȍƢƥ ǶȀȈǴǟ Ƕǰĉ ĄƷ Ǻȇǀǳơ .ƤǴǫ ƧȁƢǈǬƥ ȃǂƳ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ǱȂƷ ŃƢǠǳơ ƔƢŴƗ Ŀ .ƔơǂǬǴǳ ǥȁǂǠǷ Ȃǿ Ƣŭ ƢƆƠȈǋ ĺƢƬǯ ǦȈǔȇ ȏ Ǯǳǀǳ Ń .ƧƽƢƥȍơ ƩơǂǰǈǠǷ :Ƥǟǂǳơȁ ƨǷƾǐǴǳ Śưŭơ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ǱȂƷȁ ƩǂƳ Ŗǳơ ƨǠȈǜǨǳơ Ƣȇơȁǃ ƔȆǔȇ ǹƗ ǽǁȁƾǬǷ Ŀ ǹȂǰȇ ƢŠǁ .ƧƾȇƾƳ ƩƢǷƢēơ ƧǁƢƯȍ ƣƢƬǰǳơ ơǀǿ ƤƬǰĄȇ ƣȂǠǋ ȃƾǳ ŕƷȁ ǺȇŚưǯ ǅƢǻƗ ƾǼǟ .ƢȀǸȀǨȇ ŕƷ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǆǨǻ Ŀ ƨǼȈǠǷ ƨȈǨƻ ƤǳƢǤǳơ ȄǴǟ ."ȁƾǟ Ȃǿ Ƥȇǂǣ ǲǯ" ǹƘƥ ǁȂǠǋ ȆǟȂǳơ ƽȁƾƷ ȄǴǟ ƾƳȂȇ ƢȀǴǷƢǰƥ ńƛ ƧƾǷ ǺǷȁ .ǂǌƬǼȇ Ń ƭȂǴǷ ƣƢȀƬǳơ ǲưǷ ǅȂǨǼǳơ ƢȇƢƦƻ Ŀ ƽȂƳȂǷ ǝƢƦǘǻȏơ ơǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ȆƴȀǼǷ ŚǰǨƬǳ ơƆǁƾǐǷ ƪǈȈǳȁ ƧǂƥƢưǷ Śǣȁ ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ ǱƢǸǟƗ Ŀ ǃŐȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƩƢƳƢƬǼƬǇȏơ ǃƢȀŪ ȅǄǯǂǷ ƗƾƦŭ ȆƴȀǼǷ ŚǰǨƫ ńƛ ȆǨŬơ "ǹƢŻȏơ" ǱȂƸƬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŃƢǠǳơ Ǻǟ ǂǜǻ ƨȀƳȁ ƱƢƬǻ Ǿǻƛ . ǱƢǬƬǟȏơ ǂǰǈǠǷ ǂȀǜȇ ƨǴǈǴǈǳơ ǂƻƕ Ŀ ƨȈǬǘǼŭơ ǵơƽ ƢǷ .ǾƬǧǂǠǷ ƤŸ ƢǷ .ƨǬǴǘǷ ƧǂƥƢưǷ Ŀ ȆƟƢȀǼǳơ ƢȀƳƢƬǼƬǇơ ŕƷ ƢǿǂȇȂǘƫ ȃǂƳ ƺȇǁƢƫ Ŀ ơȁǂȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǂǌƦǳơ řƥ ǲǯ .Ƣǻƽƾē ǾƴƟƢƬǻ ǹƜǧ ƆƢǸƟƢǫ ơǀȀǯ ŚǰǨƫ .Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ǶƟƢǬǳơ ǂǘƼǴǳ ǂȇǀŢ ƧǁƢǋƛ ǱƢǬƬǟȏơ ƩơǂǰǈǠǷ .ƢƆȈǴǸǟ Ǻǰȇ Ń ǹƛ ƶǨǐǳƢƥ Ǯǳƿ ǞǷ ǲǷƢǠƬǳơ ȂƳǁƗȁ ƣƢƬǰǳơ ŘƦǷ ǎǫơȂǻ ǭǁƽƌƗ ƢǻƗ ǺȇǂƻȊǳ ƣƢƬǯ ńƛ ƨƳƢūơ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƣƢƬǰǳơ ƾǳĄȁ ƾǬǧ .ƢƆȈǠǫơȁ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǠǧ ǁǂƸƬǳơ ǲƦǫ ŕƷ ƨȇȂȈƷ ƨƳƢƷ .ǶȈƼŭơ ǹƢǰǇ ƢǼǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǹƢǯ "Ǻȇǂƻȉơ" ǭơǂǋȍ ƣƢƬǰǳơ ǞǓȁ ƾǬǳ .ȃǂƻȋơ ƨȈǇƢǇȋơ ƢǼƫƢƳƢȈƬƷơ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ơǀǿ ƤǴǤƫ ƾǬǳ .ǽƾǠƥȁ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ȆǴƻơƾǳơ ǂȇǂƸƬǳơ ńƛ ǥƾǿ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǲƦǫȁ ȏƆ ȁƗ .ƨƳƢūơ ǽǀǿ ȄǴǟ ƨƥƢƳȎǳ 9

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǾǻƘƥ ǅƢǈƷȎǳ ƢƆǬƦǗ ǲƥ .ȆǬǘǼǷ ǩƢȈǈǳ ƢƆǬƦǗ ƤƬǰĄƫ Ń ǱȂǐǨǳơ ǞǘǬƬŭơ ǾǠƥƢǗ ǦȈǓƗ ǹƗ ƵȂǸǈǷ ǾǻƗ Ņƛ ǲȈź .ƾǠƥ ƢǸȈǧ ǅȁǁƾǷ ǲǰǌƥ ȃǂƳ ǂȇǂƸƬǳơ .ǲƴǠƬǈǷ .ǱƢȈŬơ ƾȈǳȁ ǆȈǳ ƧǁȂǯǀŭơ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ǺǷ ƢƆȇƗ ǹƗ ȆǨȈǳ ȂŻǂƥ

10

ΔϣΪϘϣ

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ ǥȂƻ Ȑƥ ǹȂǈǳƢŪơ ǶƬǻƗ ƨǼǷȉơ ǺǯƢǈŭơ Ŀ ǪȇƾǏ ǾƳȁȁ ơƆǁƢƷ ƢƌǷƢǠǗ ǹȁƾš Ǻȇǀǳơ ǶƬǻƗ ƣƢĈȈǤĄ ǳơ ǞǷ ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ ǹȁƽȂǠƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ ơȁǂǜǻơȁ ơȂǴǷƘƫ ƽǁƢƦǳơ ǞǬǼƬǈŭơ Ŀ ǲǸǠȇ ȅǀǳơ ǝǁƢǐȇȁ ƆƨƷơǁ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ȅǀǳơ Ȃǿ ƧŚǤǏ ǄƦƻ ƨǸǬǳ ǲƳƗ ǺǷ .ƢƆƬȈǷ ƶƦǐȇ "ȏ" ȁƗ "ǶǠǻ" ǱȂǫ ȄǴǟ ȅǀǳơȁ ƧƗǂǷơ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ǲǿ ơȁǂǜǻơȁ ơȂǴǷƘƫ ǂǠăǋ Ȑƥȁ ǶǇơ Ȑƥ ƪȈƥ ǂǯǀƬǴǳ ƧĈȂǫ ƢȀȈǧ ǪƦƫ Ń ƽǁƢƥ ƢȀǬǴƷȁ ǹƢƬǣǁƢǧ ƢǿƢǼȈǟ ƾǸƴƬǷ ȆƟƢƬǋ ǵȂȇ Ŀ ƨǟƾǨǓ ǲưǷ ƭƾƷ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǹƗ ơȁǂǯǀƫȁ ơȁǂǰǧ ǁȂǷȋơ ǽǀǿ ƪǻƢǯȁ ǶǯǂǷƕ ƢǻƗ Ŗǳơ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ Ŀ ǶƬǻƗȁ ƪȈƦǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǈǳƢƳ ǶƬǻƗȁ.ǶǰƥȂǴǫ Ŀ ƢǿȁǂǨŢ ǹƗ ǹȂǨǫơȁ ǶƬǻƗȁ ǹȂǈǳƢƳ ǶƬǻƗȁ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǅƗǂǳơ ńƛ ǲƳǂǳơ Ǧǯ ǺǷ Ǒǂŭơ Ƕǰƥǂǔȇȁ .ƢƆǔȇƗ ǶǰǴąǈǻ ǂȀǜǳơ ǶǰȈǳƛ ǂȇƾȇȁ

12

ƨǴƷǂǳơ (ŐǸǈȇƽ) Ǳȁȋơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǂǌǟ ƮǳƢưǳơ Ŀ ȆĈ Ǵǟ ǒƦǬǳơ ƪǬǳƗ ƨȈǋƢǨǳơ ƤƟƢƬǰǳơ ƨǳǄǠǳơ .ơƆƾƳ ƨǴȈƠǓ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ƧŐƻ ƤƷƢǏȁ ǺȇǂǌǠǳơȁ ƨǠƥơǂǳơ Ŀ ƢǻƗȁ 1943 ƢƆƸǓơȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǷ Ŀ ō ƩǁȂǗ ƨȈǋƢǨǳơ ƨȈǫǂǠǳơ śǻơȂǬǳơ ǲǠǨƥ ȆǴǟ ƢǓƎǂǧƌ ǹơǀǴǳơ ǝƢǘǬǻȏơȁ ƨƟƽƢŮơ ƵƢƦǋȋơ ƵơȁǁƗ ƪǼǰǇ ŃƢǠǳơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ȆǈǨǼǳ ǾƬȈǼƥ ŅƢȈƻ ŃƢǟ Ŀ ƧƢȈƸǴǳ ƨǧǂǠǷ ǺȀƬǧǂǟ ļơȂǴǳơ ƔƢǈǼǳơ ǺǷ ǲȈǴǫȁ ȆǈǼƳ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǺǷ ǹƢǠƴǋ ǩƢǧǁȁ ƨǼǨǠƬŭơȁ .ǒǷƢǣȁ ǱƾƬǠǷ ƽǂŤ ǁȂǠǋ ȆǴƻơƽ Ŀ ƩǁȂǗȁ ƨǨȈǨǗ .Ȑ Ɔ ȀǇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ȆǴưǷ ƧŐŬơ ȆǴȈǴǫ ǩƢǧǂǳơ ǺǷ ƽƾǟ ǞǷ ǱƢƦŪơ ńƛ ƣȁǂŮƢƥ ǁơǂǬǳơ ƨǓƢǨƬǻȏơ ƨǯǂƷ ńƛ ƤǈƬǼƫ śǷȁƢǬŭơ ǺǷ ƨƦǐǟ ǆǇƚǻ ǹƗ ƢǼƬȈǻ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ƨǷƢǫƛ Ŀ ƶƴǼǻ Ń ƢǼǠǳƢǗ ƔȂǈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ (ƨȇǂūơȁ ǱƾǠǳơ) 'Giustizia e Libertà' ǱƢŭơ ƢǼǠǷ Ǻǰȇ Ńȁ ƢǼƫǃȂƷ Ŀ ƵȐǇ Ǻǰȇ Ńȁ ȃǂƻƗ ƩƢǟȂǸů ǞǷ ǱƢǐƫơ ǹƢǯ ǆǰǠǳƢƥ ƧǁƾǬǷ ȁȁƿȁ ǹƢǠƴǋ ǅƢǻƗ ƢǼǐǬǼȇ Ń .ǾȈǴǟ ǱȂǐƸǴǳ ƨǟƢƴǌǳơȁ ǺǷ ơȂǬǧƾƫ ƾǫȁ ǂǋ Ȃǟǁơǃ ǶȀǼǷȁ ƧƾȈƳ Ƨƽơǁƛ ƣƢƸǏƗ ǶȀǼǷ ǹȁŚưǯ ǅƢǻƗ ƢǼǳȂƷ ǝƢǧƽȁ ƵȐǇȁ ƧƽƢǫ Ǻǟ ƢƆưŞ .ǅƢǇƗ ƢŮ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƆǂǗƗ ơȁƾŸ Ȇǰǳ ǱƢƦŪơ ńƛ ǱȂȀǈǳơ .ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǺǷ ƢƆƳȁǃ ƨǗƢǈƦƥ ȁƗ ƔĿƾƫ ơƆǁƢǻȁ ƘƦűȁ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƾǠƥ ƢǸȈǧ ǾƬǸǴǠƫ ƢǷ ƾǠƥ ƪǸǴǠƫ ƾǫ ǺǯƗ Ń ƨǴƷǂŭơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǺǸǧ ƨƦǇƢǼŭơ ǩǂǘǳƢƥ ǖǬǧ ǾǧơƾǿƗ ȄǴǟ ǱȂǐƸǴǳ ơƆƾƥƗ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ȄǠǈȇ ȏ ǹƗ :Ȃǿȁ ƢŠ ǺȇǂȇƾƳ ƢǼǯ ƢǼǻƗ ǥǂƬǟƗ ȏ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪǈǳ Ǯǳǀǳ .Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǯ ǺǸưǳơ Ǟǧƾȇ ƔȆǘź ȄǴǟ ǒƦǬƫ ŕƷ ǲȈǴǳơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ƪǯǂŢ ƨȈǋƢǧ ƩƢǟȂǸů ƭȐƯ .Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ƢǼǳ ƭƾƷ .ƢǼǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ȅƽơȂǳơ Ŀ ƩƘƦƬƻơ ƢǼƬǟȂǸů ǺǷ ƧǁȂǘƻȁ ƧȂǫ ǂưǯƗ ȃǂƻƗ ƨǟȂǸů ƢǻȁƽƢǫȁ ƩȂŭơ ǲǜƥ ƨǗƢŰȁ ƨƴǴưǷ ƨǟƢǇ Ŀ ǂƴǨǳơ ǝȂǴǗ ǞǷ ƢǻƘƦű ƤǴǫ ńƛ ơȂǠǧƾǻơȁ .ǲȀǈǳơ ńƛ 13

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƪǼǯ ."ȅƽȂȀȇ ǂǐǼǟ ǺǷ ŅƢǘȇơ ǺǗơȂǷ" : ŖȇȂǿ ǺǴǟƗ ǹƗ ƪǴĈǔǧ ƩƢǬȈǬƸƬǳơ Ŀ ƾȈǠƥ ǹƢǰǷ ǱƢƦŪơ Ŀ ȅƽȂƳȁ ǂȇŐƫ Ŀ ƶųƗ ǺǴǧ Ǯǳǀƥ ǥǂƬǟƗ Ń ơƿƛ řǻƗ ƢƆǠǼƬǬǷ ƢǸȈǧ Ņ śƦƫ ƢǸǯ ƆƘǘƻ) ƩƾǬƬǟơ ."ǦǐǬǳơ ƢȇƢƸǔǳ" ƘƴǴǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǺǷ ǱƉ Ƣǟȁ ƩȂŭơ ŕƷ ƆơǁȂǧ řǻȂƥǀǠȇ ǥȂǇ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ ȆǇƢȈǈǳơ ȆǴǸǠƥ ƪǧǂƬǟơ ơƿƛ řǻƗ (ƾǠƥ ǂǰǈǠǷ ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ .ƢǼȇƽȂǷ ƣǂǫ ŅȂǇȂƥ ńƛ ƪǴǇǁƌƗ ȅƽȂȀȇ řǻƗ ǶŮ śƦƫ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƤǟȂƬǇơ ǾǼǰǳȁ śȈǰȇǂǷȋơȁ ǄȈǴųȍơ ƣǂūơ ȃǂǇƗ ƣƢǠȈƬǇȏ ƾďǟƗƌ .ŚƦǯ ǱƢǬƬǟơ ƧƾǷ ǲƦǫ ƪǈǇƘƫ ƾǫ ƪǻƢǯ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǋƢǨǳơ ƨǷȂǰƸǴǳ śƥȂǣǂǷ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń śǨǴƬű ƢƆǇƢǻƗ .ƧŚǐǫ ǹȂǈŨȁ ƨƠǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǹƢǯ 1944 ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀ ƪǴǏȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƤǳƢǤǳơ ȄǴǟ .ƨƠǷ ƪǇ ńƛ Ƕǿƽƾǟ ǲǏȁ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ Ƨƾǟ ƾǠƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆƢȈǻƢȈǴǗ ƢƆȇƽȂȀȇ ơȂǜǧƢŹ Ń ǶĔȋ śȈǋƢǨǳơ ȁƗ śȇǃƢǼǳơ ȅƾȇƗ Ŀ ƪǘǬǇ ƢȀǴǷƢǰƥ ƩȐƟƢǟ ǭƢǼǿ ƪǻƢǯ ƨǴƬǬǴǳ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ ơȂǸǴǇ ǺǷ ǒǠƥ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǹƢǯ .Ƕđ Ȅǋȁ ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ǹȋ ȁƗ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ ȄǴǟ ƧƽǁƢǘŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ơȂǸƠǇ ǶĔȋ ǅƘȈǳơ Ǟǧơƾƥ ơȂƫƗ ǺǷ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ƢƆǟȂƳ ơȂƫƢǷ ǶĔȋ ǶǿǂǗƢş ơȁƽơǁƗ ǺǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƢǯ ƨȇǂƼǈǳơ Ƨƾǌǳ .ǶđǁƢǫƗ Ǻǟ ơȂǫǂƬǨȇ ǹƗ ơȁƾȇǂȇ Ń ȁƗ ȅƾǼƳ ƨƠǷ ŅơȂƷ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ."ǹȂǻƢǬǳƢƥ śǷǄƬǴǷ" !ƅơ ǹƢƸƦǇ ƨȈƷƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ǵƢǜǼǴǳ śƥȂǣǂǷ Śǣ ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ śǼǗơȂǷ Ƨƾǟȁ ȃǂǇƗ .ĿȐǇȂǣȂȇ .ƨȈǇƢȈǈǳơ Ŀ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƣơǂǤƬǇȏơ Śưȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ .ǅƛ.ǅȋơ ǱƢƳǁ ǺǷ ƧŚǤǏ ƧȂǫ ǁȂȀǛ ǭơƿ ȁƗ ǲǰǌǳơ ơǀđ ŚǈǨƬǳơ Ŀ ǞȈǸŪơ ƶų ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ .ȏƆ ƙƢǨƫ ǂưǯȋơ ƣȂǴǫ ƾǟǂƥ ǾƦǋƗ ƽǂǘǳơ ǹƢǯ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƆƢȈǬǘǼǷ ȏƆ ȂƦǫ ǂưǯȋơ ƧŐǠǳơ ǍȐƼƬǇơ ǹȁƾƥ ǶǿǁȂȀǜǳ .ȅƽƢǟ ǵȂȇ Ŀ ǁƢǈȈǷȂǬǳơ ńƛ ơȂȀƳȂǧ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǬȈǫƽ ƨƦǫơǂŠ ǹƢŭȋơ ǵƢǫ /ǕƢƦǋ 20 Ŀ ƨǴȈǴǬǳơ ƨȈǸǰǳơ ǱȂƷȁ ƺƦǘǸǴǳ ƔȆǈǳơ ǶȈǜǼƬǳơ ǱȂƷ ơȁǂǷǀƫȁ .ƨȈǇƢǫ ƩƢǷƢēơ-ŅƢǘȇȏơ .ƧƽƢȈǟ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǲǸǠƫ ǥȂǇ Ǿǻƛ ơȂǳƢǫ ŕƷȁ .ƨƠǧƾƬǴǳ ƢȀǠȇǃȂƫ ȃǂƳ Ŗǳơ ƣƢǌƻȋơ ǺǷ ǶȈƼŭơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǭǂƬȈǇ ŅƢƬǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ śƦƫ ǺȇǂǌǠǳơȁ ȅƽƢūơ ƵƢƦǏ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ 14

ΔϠΣήϟ΍

.ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƨȀƳ ńƛ ơȂƳǂƻ-ȄǓǂŭơȁ ǱȂȀǰǳơȁ ǱƢǨǗȋơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƔƢǼưƬǇơ Ȑƥ ǶȀǴǯ ǁȂƥƢǗ Ŀ ǦǬȇ ȏ ǎƼǋ ǲǯ ǲƥƢǬǷ .ǵƢȇƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ńƛ ƨǈŨ ǂǨǈǴǳ ƽơƾǠƬǇȏơ ƤŸ .ǍƢƼǋƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ǲƬǬĄȇ ƱȁǂŬơ ƢǼƯƾŢ ƢǼǴǯ :ƨǨƟơǄǳơ ǱƢǷȉơ ƪǜǬȈƬǇơ śŷơȂǳơ ǒǠƥȁ śƳƿƢǈǳơ ƣȂǴǫ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ."ǂǨǈǴǳ ƾǠƬǈǻ ǹƗ" ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ƢǼǧǂǟȁ śȈƫơȁǂǯȁ śȈǻȂǳȂƥ śƠƳȏ ǞǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ Ǿǧƾǿ ƾȈǴǬƬǳơ ơǀǿ ŅƢǨƬƷơ ǆǬǗ Ŀ ƩȂŭƢƥ śǷȂǰƄơ ǞǷ ǲǷƢǠƬǳơ ƾȈǴǬƫ Ǿǻƛ .ǁȂǠǋ ȅƗ ǶȀǿƢš ǹȁǂȀǜȇ ȏȁ .ƤǔǤƥ ǶȀǠǷ ǹȂǴǷƢǠƬȇ ơȁƽȂǠȇ Ń ǶĔƗ ǁƢȀǛȍơ ǹƗ ǾǼǰŻ ƩȂŭơ ǶǰƷ ǀǨǼȇ ǺǷ ŕƷ ơǀŮ .ǞǸƬƴǸǴǳ ŃƚǷ ƤƳơȁ Ȃǿ ǱƽƢǠǳơ ǲǸǠǳơȁ ƾǓ ǵơƾǟȍƢƥ ǵȂǰƄơ ǹȂǴǷƢǠȇ ȏ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƨȈƸǔǳơ ǽƢš ƨŧǂǳơ ǺǷ śǠǷ ȃƾǷ ǆŹ ƣȂǴǘŭơ ƤǈƷȁ .ƨȈǻƢƷȁǁ ƨǫƾǏȁ ƔơǄǟ Ǿǳ ǹȂǷƾǬȇ ǱǄƬǠȇ ǹƗ Ǿǳ ǹȂƸǸǈȇ ǾƬƦǣǁ ƤƦǈƥ ȏƐ ƛ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ȁƗ ƨȈǿơǂǰƥ ǾǻȂǴǷƢǠȇ ǶĔƗ ǆŹ ȏ ǹƗ ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǫ ǹȂǳȁƢŹ ƨƠȈǈǳơ ǾǳƢǸǟƗ Ǿǳ ǹȁǂǨǤȇ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƣƢǬǠǳơ ǀȈǨǼƫ ǞǷ ǶĔƗ ǆŹ ƮȈŞ ǥȁǂǜǳơ ƩƢȈǷơǄǳƛ :ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ǖǤǔȇ ƪǫȂǳơȁ ǺȇŚưǯ ƢǼǯ ƢǼǻȋ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ơȂǘǠȇ Ń ƢǼǳ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢǼǳ ơȁǂǨǤȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ơȂǻƢǯ ǶĈ ǟ ǂŏǨǰǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǯ ǵȐǟ ƾǟȂǷ ŕƷ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ ǲǸǠƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ǲǯ ǹƗ ǁǂǫ ŅƢǘȇȏơ ǁƢǈȈǷȂǬǳơ ƩǂǸƬǇơ ƩƢǨȈǜǼƬǳơ ǱƢǸǟƗ ƺƦǘŭơ Ŀ ǲǸǠǳơ ơȂǴǏơȁ Ǯǳǀǳ .ȆƟƢȀǼǳơ ƱȁǂŬơ ơȂǘǠȇ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ơȂǸǴǟ ƧŚǤǐǳơ ƨǇǁƾŭơ ȂǸǴǠǷ ŕƷȁ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ .ŅƢƬǳơ ǵȂȈǴǳ ƨȈƬȈƥ ƢƆǇȁǁƽ ƽȏȁȌǳ ƨǴȈǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ȃƗǁ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƢǼȈǟȁ Ƥǟǂǳơȁ ƨǸƬǠǳơ ǲȈǳ ǽǁƢƬǇ ǲȈǴǳơ ǱƾǇƗ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ȏȁ ơǀǰǿ ơȂǈƷƗ ǶȀǴǯ .ƾǠƥ ƨȇƙǂǳơȁ ƵƢƬǨǻȏơ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ơƽȂǠƫ Ń ǹƗ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǅƢǼǴǳ ǹȂǴǠǨȇ ơƿƢǷ ȃǂȇȁ ļƘȇ ǹƗ Ɨǂš ǹƢŭȋơȁ ǹƢȈǴǘǳơ ǅơǂūơ .Ƥȇǂǫ ǶēȂǷ ǂƒǰǈ Ą ǳơ ŕƷ ơȂƥǂǋ ǹȁǂƻȉơ .ơȂƐǴǏ ǒǠƦǳơ .ǾƬǬȇǂǗ ȄǴǟ ƧƢȈūơ ǝċƽȁ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǍȐƻƜƥ .ǺĔȂȈǟ ǺǔǸǤȇ Ń ƩƢȀǷȋơ .ǶƸǴǳơ ƧȂȀǌƥ ǶǿǂǟƢǌǷ ơȂƦċȈǣ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ 15

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ơȂǬǴǟ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀȁ .ƤƟƢǬūơ ơȁƾǟƗȁ ƽȏȁȋơ ǺǴǈǣȁ ǪȇǂǘǴǳ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ǹǂĈǔƷ ƾƟƢǇȂǳơȁ ƣƢǠǳȋơȁ ǱƢǨǗȌǳ ƩơǁƢȈǤǳơ śǈǼȇ Ńȁ ǦǌǼƫ ŕƷ ǱƢƦūơ ȄǴǟ ǆƥȐŭơ ǲǿ .ƢȀȈǳƛ ƱƢƬƸȈǇ ƢǿŚǤǏ ǹƗ ǵƗ ǲǯ ǥǂǠƫ Ŗǳơ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƧŚǤǐǳơ ǁȂǷȋơ ǮǴƫ ȏȁ ǶǯƽȏȁƗ ǞǷ ǶǰǻȂƬȈŻ ǥȂǇ ơƆƾǣ ǶĔƗ ǶƬǧǂǟ Ȃǳ ǂƻƕ ǲǰǌƥ ǹȂǧǂǐƬƫ ǶƬǻƗ ǶƬǼǯ ǂưǯƗ ơȂǴǯƘȇ ǹƗ ǶĔȂǘǠƫ ơȂǻȂǰƫ ŃƗ ǽƽƢǨƷƗȁ ǺȇŚưǰǳơ ǽƙƢǼƥƗ .ǾƬƳȁǃ ǞǷ ǲȀǰǳơ ȂǼƦƫƢǣ ǺǰǇ Ɨ .6 Ƕǫǁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǲǸǠǳơ ƩơȁƽƗ ǶȀǠǷ ơȂǴŧ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƧŚưǰǳơ ǱơȂƴƬǳơ ƩơǁƢǈǷ Ŀ .ƩƢǘȈǌǼǳơ ǾƫƢǼǯȁ ƾǠƥ ơȂǐǫǂȇ ǹƗȁ ơȂǧǄǠȇ ǹƗ ǺȇƽȂǠƬǷ ơȂǻƢǯ .ƺƦǘŭơ ƩơȁƽƗȁ ǹƢǸǰǳơȁ ǹȂȇƽǁȂǯȋơȁ śĔƗ ǲƟơȁȋơ Ǻǯ ǶǿƙƢǈǻ .ǾǈǨǻ ƪǫȂǳơ Ŀ śƷǂǷȁ śǼǷƚǷ ơȂǻƢǯ ǶĔȋ ǲǸǠǳơ ǵȂȇ ǁƢǏ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƽơƾƸǴǳ ƪǫȁ ȄǬƦȇ ŕƷ ƨǟǂǈƥȁ ƪǸǐƥ ǺǴǸǟ ǪȇǂǘǴǳ ǁǂǐǳơ ŚǔŢ ǺǿǁȂǠǋ ơȁƽǂǧȁ ǺŮƢǠǻ ơȂǠǴƻ ƧǂǔŰ ǵǃǂǳơȁ ơƆǃȂƦű ǄƦŬơȁ ơƆǄǿƢƳ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ƔƢƥȉơ ƾȈǳƢǬƫ ƤǈƷ ƢǿȁƔƢǓƗȁ (ƨȇƾƥȋơ ǝȂſ) ǝȂǸǌǳơ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ơȂǠǓȁȁ ǲƻơƾǷ ƾǼǟ ơȂǨǫȁ ƢǼǷ ǹȁŚưǯ śǰƥȁ śǴǏ ǲȈǴǳơ ǲǯ ǺƥƾǼȇȁ śǰƦȇ ǺǈǴƳȁ ȏ ƤǠǌǳ ŉƾǬǳơ ǪȈƬǠǳơ ŃȋƢƥ ƾȇƾƳ ǁȂǠǋ ƢǼǇȂǨǻ ńƛ ǲǤǴǤƫ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁȁ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ƢȀǋƢǟ Ŗǳơ ǱƢƷǂƬǳơȁ ƽǂǌƬǳơ ǵȏƕȁ ǥƾǿ ȁƗ ƨȇƢǣ Ȑƥ ǱƢƷǂƬǳơ ŃƗ .ǾǓǁƗ Ŀ ǊȈǠȇ .ǲȈƳȁ ǲȈƳ ǲǯ ƨǨȈǴƻ ƆƢǔȇƗ Ȇǿ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ƪǫǂǋƗ ǆǸǌǳơȁ .ňƢȈƻ ǲǸǟ ǲưǷ ǂƴǨǳơ ǞǴǗ .ǂǷȌǳ ǵȐǈƬǇơ .ƢǼƥȂǴǫ Ŀ ƪǴǟƢǨƫ ƨǨǴƬű ǂǟƢǌǷ .ƢǻȁƾȈƦȇ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ śǸǸǐŭơ ƨǴƬǬǴǳ ƢǼǴƻơƽ Ŀ ǝǁƢǐƫ ơǀǿ ǲǯ .ǅƘȇ ǥȂƻ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ǺǷ ƨŧǁ ǁƢǜƬǻơ .ǩȂǼű Ƥǔǣ ƢǼȈǧ ǪƦȇ Ń ǎǫƢǼƫ ǁơǂǬǴǳȁ ŚǰǨƬǴǳ ƪǫȂǳơ .ǩǁƗ ƨǴȈǳ ƾǠƥ ǹȂǼŪơ ǾƦǌȇ ƢŠ ƢǼǴǯ ƢǼǯȁ ǩŐǳơ ǲưǷ .ƣơǂūƢǯ ǾȈǧ ƩǃăǄǠƫȁ ƢǼǣƢǷƽ Ŀ ƪǴǷƢǠƫ ƩƢȇǂǯǀǳơ ǖǬǧȁ ŚǰǨƬǴǳ ƧȂǫ .Ƥȇǂǫ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ƧŚǐǫ ƧƾǷ ǲƦǫ ƩǂƳ Ŗǳơ ǁȂǷȋơ ƪȈƦǳơ ǺǷ ƩƢȇǂǯǀǳơ ƪǜǬȈƬǇơ ȄǬƦȇ ȏ ǹƗ ǲǔǨŭơ ǺǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢǼǴǠǧ ƧŚưǯ ơƆǁȂǷƗ .ǂƻȊǳ ƢǻƾƷƗ ƢǼǴǫ ƧŚưǯ ơƆǁȂǷƗ .ǂǯƿ ȁƗ ƨȈǬƥ ƢȀǼǷ

16

ΔϠΣήϟ΍

ƽȂǠƬǻ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ Ŗǳơ ǪǘǼŭơ ƨŻƾǟ ƨǫƾǳơ ǮǴƫ .ƨȈǿƢǼƬǷ ƨǫƾƥ ơƆƾǬǨƫ ơȂǸǜǻ ǹƢŭȋơ Ǧǫȁ ǊȇȁƢǌǳơ .ǖƥƢǔǳơ ǱƘǇ ƨǠǘǫ Ƕǯ ?Wieviel stük ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ Ŀ .ƢȀȈǳƛ ȄǴǟ ƔȆǋ ǲǯȁ "ǂǐǼǟ" śǈŨȁ ƨƟƢǷ ƪǇ ǹƢǯ ǾǻƗ ƣƢƳƗȁ ƨȈƸƬǳơ ȄǬǳƗȁ ǕƢƦǔǻƢƥ ǂǜƬǻơ ƢǼǿ .ĿǁƢǯ ǁƢǘǫ ƨǘŰ ńƛ ƢǻȂƦǴƳȁ ƩƢǼƷƢǌǳơ ȄǴǟ ƢǻȂǴŧ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ǵơǂȇ ƢǷ Ȑƥȁ ƆƢƠƳƢǨǷ ǹƢǯ ǂǷȋơȁ ńȁȋơ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ƢǼȈǬǴƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǼǿ :Ǫǧơǂŭơ ǅǂūơȁ ǁƢǘǬǳơ śǳȂǿǀǷ ƢǼǯ ǖǬǧ .ǆǨǼǳơ Ŀ ȏȁ ƾǈŪơ Ŀ ȏ ŃȋƢƥ ǂǠǌǻ Ń ƢǼǻƗ ƾƷ ńƛ ǶǠǗ .ǂǯǀȇ ƤƦǇ ȅƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǂǌƦǳ ƣǂǔǳơ ǾȈƳȂƫ ǺǰŻ ǦȈǯ ƨǈŨ ǦǘǏơ ļǂǗƢǫ Ŀ .śǈŨȁ ƨƟƢǷ ƪǇ ƢǼǯȁ ƧǂǗƢǫ Ƨǂǌǟ ƢƬǼƯơ ƪǻƢǯ Ŀ ǹȁƽȂƳȂǷ ǺŴ .ƶǓơȁ ǂǷȋƢǧ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƧŚǤǏ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǼƫǂǗƢǫ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǹȂǠƥǁƗȁ .ơƆƾƥƗ ƽȂǠƫ ȏ Ŗǳơ ƩƢȈǳƢǇǁȍơȁ ƩơǁƢǘǬǳơ .ƧǁȂȀǌŭơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǱƢǇǁȍơ ƩơǁƢǘǫ ƾƷƗ ǺǷ ƔȆǌƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽ Ǻǰǳȁ Ƥǟǂƥ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƩơǂǷ ƢȀǼǟ ƢǼǠũ Ŗǳơ ƩƢȈǳƢǇǁȍơȁ ƩơǁƢǘǬǳơ ǲƻơƾǳơ Ŀ .ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ ƨǷȂƬű ǲȈǸŢ ƩơǂǗƢǫ :ƢǼǳ ơȂǐǫ ƢǸǯ ǖƦǔǳƢƥ .Ǯǌǳơ ƤǴǟ Ŀ ƢǸǯ .ƨŧǁ Ȑƥ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŝ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǹȂǗȂǤǔǷ ǱƢƳǁȁ ǱƢǨǗƗ ƔƢǈǻ .ƨȇȁƢŮơ ǲǨǇƗ ńƛ ǲǨǇȋơ ńƛ ǡơǂǨǳơ ńƛ ƨǴƷǁ Ŀ ǵăƾǠă ǳơ ńƛ ƨǴƷǁ Ŀ :Ǻȇƽǂǈǳơ .Ǫȇǂǘǳơ Ŀ ǺŴ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǼǰŲ ƪǈȈǳ ƨǴǷƢǰǳơ ƧƽƢǠǈǳơ ǹƗ ǶēƢȈƷ ȃǂů Ŀ ǹȂǨǌƬǰȇ ǂǌƦǳơ ǲǯ .ƢƆȈǴǯ ƢƆǈƟƢƥ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳ ǹƢǈǻȍơ .ƶȈƸǏ ǆǰǠǳơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǹȁǂǰǨȇ ǲƟȐǬǳơ .ƨǬǴǘŭơ ƨǳƢūơ ǒǫƢǼȇ ňƢǈǻȍơ ƢǻƽȂƳȁ :ƾƷơȁ ǽǂǿȂƳ śƬǧǂǘƬŭơ śƬǳƢūơ ƢƬǴǯ ǞǼŻ ƢǷ Ŀȁ ǲǷƗ ƨȈǬƥ ƢǼƦǴǫ Ŀ ǒȈǔūơ ƨǜū Ŀ .ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ ƢǼǳ Ɣœź ơƿƢǷ ǥǂǠǻ ȏ .ơƆƾƥƗ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ Ǯǳǀǳ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ƾǤǳơ ǺǷ ǥȂŬơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƾƳȂȇ ƧƽƢǠǈǳơ ƨǜū .ŃƗ ǲǰǳ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ǻǰǳȁ Ƶǂǧ ǲǰǳ ƨȇƢĔ Ǟǔȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƩȂŭơ ǾƳơȂȇ ǥȂǇ ǵƢȇȋơ ǺǷ ǵȂȇ ȁƗ ƔơƾǠǇ ǹȂǰǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ƶǸǈƫ ȏ ȅƽƢŭơ ǪǴǬǳơ ƩȏƢƷ ǺǷ ƽȁƾŰ Śǣ ƽƾǟ ǭƢǼǿ ƢǼǰŤȁ ǦǇȋơ ƢǼǟ ƾǠƦĄƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ǻǰǳȁ Ƶǂǧ ǲǰǳ ƨƬǫƚǷ ƨǤȈǏ ȆǘǠȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƢƆȈǴǯ ƔƢǇƚƥ .ǾǴǸƸƬǻ ǹƗ

17

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƢǿƾǠƥ ƢǷȁ ǂǨǈǳơ ǱȐƻ ƘǸǜǳơȁ ƽŐǳơ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ .ƩơǀǳƢƥ ƩƢƥȂǠǐǳơ ǹƛ :ǁƾǬǳƢƥ ǶȈǴǈƬǳơ ǆȈǳ ŕƷȁ ƧƢȈūơ Ƨƽơǁƛ ƪǈȈǳ.ǅƘȈǳơ Ŀ ǩǂǤǻ ȏ Ȇǯ ƢǼȈǴǟ ƪǜǧƢƷ .śǳƾƬǠŭơ ƩȂŭơ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǺǷ ƨǼǨƷ ȏƐ ƛ Ǻǰǻ Ń ǺŴȁ Ǯǳƿ ȄǴǟ ǹȁǁƽƢǬǳơ ǅƢǼǳơ Ƕǿ ǲƟȐǫ ƢǼǧǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ǾǬȇǂǗ Ŀ ǁƢǇ ǁƢǘǬǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆơǁȂǧ ƩơǂǗƢǬǳơ ơȂǬǴǣƗ ƾǬǳ ǞǷ Ǿǻƛ .ƢǼǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ŘǠŭơ ŉƾǟ ǹƢǯ ƢǿƾǼǟ :ǆƬǨǋȁƗ .ƵƢȈƫǁȏƢƥ ƢǻǂǠǋ ƨǴƷǂǳơ ƨȀƳȁ .ƨȈǓǁȋơ Ƨǂǰǳơ ǩȂǧ ƢǷ ǹƢǰǷ ơǀǿ ƧŚưǷȁ ƨǳċȂǘǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƩƢǨǫȂƬǳơ .ǦǫȂƫ ǂƻƕ ńƛ śƷ ǺǷȁ ǾǴȀǷ ȄǴǟ ǁƢǇ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ǾȈŸƾȇȏơ ǲȀǇ ǺǷ ƨȈǳƢǠǳơ ǱƢƦŪơ ƩơǁƾƸǼǷ ȃǂǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ ǭƢƦǌǳơ ǺǷ .ƤǔǤǴǳ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ŚƳŚƥ ŐǠǷ ƢǻŐǟ . ƢǼǬȇǂǗ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ȃǂƻȋơ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ ǹƾǷ ƔƢũƗȁ .ƨǨǋ ƪǼƦƥ ơȂǈƦǼȇ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ǶȀǷơƾǫƗ ȄǴǟ ơȂǨǫȁ ǲǰǳơ .ƧǂǨǈǴǳ ňƢưǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ ƵǂǨǳƢƥ ļơƿ ƤȇǀǠƫ Ŀ ƨǜǬȈǳơ Ŀ ƪǸǴƷ .œǴǫ ȄǴǟ ǲǬƯƗ ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ ƧƽȂǠǳƢƥ ŚǰǨƬǳơ ǂǰǨȇ ȏ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƣơȂƥƘƥ ǆǯƢǠŭơ ǽƢšȏơ Ŀ ŐǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǂƴǨǼȇ ǥȂǇ ȅǀǳơ ǶȈǜǠǳơ .ǅƢǻ ǵƢǘƷ ƢǼǿ :ŅȂƷ ƪǴǷƘƫ ... ńȁȋơ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ ǹƾǷ ƔƢũƗȁ .ƣȁǂŮơ Ŀ ƢǿƾǼǟ ƾƷƗ ơȁǂǧƢǇ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ śǠƥǁƗȁ ƨǈŨ ǺǷ .ǶǿŚǐǷ ǶÊǈƷ śǯƢǈŭơ Ɣȏƚǿ ǺǷ Ƕǯ ǥǂǠȇ ǺăǷ ǂưǯȋơ ƧǂǗƢǬǳơ ƪǻƢǯ ǽǀǿȁ .ǶēȂȈƥ ǹȁǂȇȁ ǹȁƽȂǠȇ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǖǬǧ ƧǂǗƢǬǳơ Ŀ ȆǠǷ .ƢƆǜƷ ǅƢǼǳơ ơȂǈȈǳ ǶȀǧ ǵȂǸǠǳơ ȄǴǟȁ ǵơǂƬƷƢƥ ǶēȂǷ ńƛ ơȂǌŻ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǬǳơ ǅƢǼǳơ ǲƟȐǫ ƨƷơǂƬǇȏ ƱƢǟǃȍơ ǵƾǟȁ ƩȂǰǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ǹȁǁƾǬȇ ǲƟȐǫ .Ǯǳƿ ơȂǴǠǨȇ ǹƗ ƢǼǠǫȂƫ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƪǈȈǳ ƢȇƢǔǫ ȄǴǟ ǥȐƻȁ ƵƢȈǐƥ ǂƻƕ ńƛ śƷ ǺǷ ƲǟǃƌƗ ƤȈǿǂǳơ ǵȂǼǳơ .Ǻȇǂƻȉơ Ŀ ǝƢǧƾǯ ǪȈǫƾƫ ǹȁƾƥ ƢȀǴǯ ƪȀƳȁ ȅƾȇȋƢƥ ƩƢƥǂǓȁ ƩȐǯǁȁ ǶƟƢƬǋ ǞǷ ƨǷƢǿ ȄǴǟȁ ƨǠſ ƔȆǔȇ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ǾǠǼǷ ǺǰŻ ȏ ȅǀǳơ ǱƢǐƫȏơ ȁƗ ƨǬȇƢǔŭơ ǾƳȁ ƧǁȂǐǳơ ŉƾǟ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ǆǘǧƗ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǲǛ ȁƾƦȇ ȃǂǯǀǳơ ƨǠſ ǲưǷ ƪǧƢŬơ ƢȀƟȂǓ .ǭƢĔȍơȁ ƤǠƬǳơ ƤƦǈƥ ƨǯǂūơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƬȇȁ ǁƢȀǼȇ ǽȁƘƬǷȁ ǆƟƢƥȁ ƢǼǳ ƨǧȁǂǠŭơ Śǣ ƨȇȁƢǈǸǼǳơ ǹƾŭơ ƔƢũƗ ƢǼǜƷȏ ƧǂǗƢǬǳơ Ŀ ǭƢƦǌǳơ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ Ŀ .ƨȈǻȂǳȂƥ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ƨȈǰȈǌƫ ƔƢũƗ ƩǂȀǛ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .ƢǼȈȈǧȁ ǡǁȂƦǈƬǳơǃ ƢȀǼȈƥ ƨǧȁǂǠŭơȁ 18

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ǹƗ ńƛ ƩƢƥƢǤǳơ ǖǇȁ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀ ǂĈ Ƿ ǁƢǘǬǳơ .ơƆŚưǯ ƽŐǳơ ƾƬǋơ ƧǂǨǈǴǳ Ǟƥơǂǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ ƔƢǈǷ ƩƢǘƄơ .ǁƢǘǬǴǳ ƨȈƦǻƢƳ Ǖ Ċ Ȃǘƻ ȄǴǟ ƢǻǂǧƢǇ ƢǼǻƗ ȁƾƦȇȁ ƢƆȈǳƢǟ ǹƢǯ ƲǴưǳơ .ƔǖƦƥ ǁƢǇ ǱȐƻ ǱƢǐƫơ ƨǷƢǫƛ ƾǠƥ ƾƷƗ ǱȁƢŹ Ńȁ ǅƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ƨƈ ȈǳƢƻ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ ƧŚǤǏ ƪǻƢǯ ."ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ ńƛ ƢǻŐǟ" ƢǼǻƗ ƢǻǂǠǋ ǹȉơ .ȆƳǁƢŬơ ŃƢǠǳơ ǞǷ ǱƢǐƫơ ƨǷƢǫƛ ǦǫȂƬǳơ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ƾȇƾǋ ƔǖƦƥ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ǭǂŢ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƧƾǷ ƾǠƥȁ .ƵȂƬǨǷ ǱƉ Ƣů Ŀ Ǧ ć ǫȂƫ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ǵȐǜǳơȁ ƩȂŭơ ƪǸǏ Ƕċ ǟ Ǯǳƿ ǱȐƻȁ ƨĊǘǈƦǼǷ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ŀ ǲȈǴǳơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ǦǫȂƫ .ǆǷơƾǳơ ƔƢǔȈƥȁ Ɣơǂŧ ƔơȂǓƘƥ ƾȈǠƦǳơ ŕƷ ǚƷȐǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ ƨǰǈǳơ ǖƻ œǻƢƳ Ȑǯ ǺǷ ȄǴǟ .ǹȂȈǷƽƕ ǾȈǧ ƾǴƥ ǹƢǰǷ Ǻǟ ǂǌƦƫ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƩơȂǏƗ ƢǼǟƢũƗ ńƛ ǲǐƫ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ǕȂǘŬơ ȄǴǟ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ƩȐƴǠǳ ƤȈƫǂǳơ ǺƸǴǳơ ǹȁƾƥ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǠǸǌǴǳ ƪǧƢŬơ ƔȂǔǳơ .ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ƭƾŹ ǹƗ ƢǻǂǜƬǻơ ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ ňƢǈǻƛ ƩȂǏ ǹȁƾƥȁ .ƧƗǂǷơ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ǲǯ ǱȐƻ ƪǈǴƳ ȆǴưǷ ǂƻƕȁ ǶǈƳ śƥ ƧǁȂǌŰ œǻƢƳ ńƛ Ǻǟ ƾƷơȂǳơ ơƆƾƳ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƢǼǧǂǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆƢǠǷ ƢǼǠŦ ǁƾǬǳơȁ .śǼǇ ǱȐƻ ƢǼǔǠƥ ƢǼǧǂǟ ƢǼǫǂƬǧơ ơƆŚƻƗȁ .ƔƢȈƷƗ ǂǌƥ ƢŮȂǬȇ ȏ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ƢǼǴǫ ƨȇŚǐŭơ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ȃǂƻȋơ Ŀ ǥȂƻ ƾǠȇ Ńȁ .ƨȈǐƼǌǳơ ǾƫƢȈƷ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǩǂƬǧơ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƧǂƥƢǟ ƨȈƸƬƥ .ƢǼƥȂǴǫ ƨǤǴƥ ǂǷơȁƗ ƪǴƴǴƳ ǶƬǠŭơ ƔƢǔǨǳơ Ŀ .ƲȈƴǔƥ ƶƬǨǻơ ƣƢƦǳơ .ǁƢǜƬǻȏơ ȄȀƬǻơ ƧƘƴǧ ǶĔƘǯȁ ơƾƥ .ǂǷơȁȋơ ǹȁǁƾǐȇ Ƕǿȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǺǷ ǽƢǼǠũ ȅǀǳơ ȅǂƥŐǳơ ƵƢƦǼǳơ ǲưǷ ƨƦȇǂǣ ƪǨǫȁ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ǺǷ ƢǷ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ ƨƦƷǁ ƨƷƢǈǷ ƩǁƢǻƗ ƔơȂǓȋơ .ƢƆǬȈƬǟ ƢƆƦǔǣ ǹȂǬǴǘȇ ǵǃǂǳơ ǞǷ ǱȁǄǼǳơ ƣȂǴǘǷ :ǶƳǂƫ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ƪǸǐǳơ ƽƢǇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ .ƩƢǼƷƢǋ Ƨƾǟ ǩǂŵ ǹƗ ƢǼǨƻ .ƩƢȇȁƢƷ ǦȈǏǂǳơ ȄǴǟ Ʃǃǂƥ ƨǜū Ŀ .ǁƢǘǬǳơ ǲǨǇƗ Ŀ ƢȀǯǂƫȁ ơȂǨǫȁ ǅƛ .ǅƛ ƽȂǼƳ Ƨǂǌǟ ŅơȂƷ ǊƬǧȁ ǾƬǷǃǂƥ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǶƬǿơ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƪǸǐǳơ ơȁƗƾƥ ǒǨƼǼǷ ƩȂǐƥȁ ƨǈƥƢǟ ǽȂƳȂƥ ƢǼǼȈƥ ơȂǫǂǨƫ ƧƘƴǧȁ .śǳƢƦǷ ȏ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ .ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿȁ ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ ȏƐ ƛ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ơȂǳƘǈȇ Ń .ƨƠȇƽǁ ƨȈǳƢǘȇƢƥ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǹȂǬǬŹ

19

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƾƷƗ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǴǳ ǂǷơȁȋơ ơȂǘǟƗ ƣơȂŪơ ƤǈƷȁ"ǒȇǂǷ ǵƗ ǶȈǴǇ" "ǭǂǸǟ" .śǿƢšȏơ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ƭƾŹ ǹƗ ƢǼǨƻ .ǶǴƷ Ŀ ȁƗ ǭƢũƗ ǑȂƷ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ǪȈǸǠǳơ ƪǸǐǳơ ƽƢǇ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǂǌǻ ǶȀǰǴǈǷ .ơƆƾƳ śȇƽƢǟ ƨǗǂǋ ƽơǂǧƗ ǲưǷ ơȁƾƥ ǅƛ .ǅȏơ ƽȂǼƳ .ǂưǯƗ ƔȆǇ ƾǠƥ ǁǂǐǳơ" :ơȂƥƢƳƗ ǁǂǐǳơ ǞǷ ơƿƢǷ :ǱƘǈȇ ǹƗ Ɨǂš ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ǥȂŬơȁ ǱȂǿǀǳơ ."ƢƆǠǷ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ":Ǿǳ ơȂǳƢǫ Ƕǿȁ ǾƬƳȁǃ Ǻǟ ǩǂƬǨȇ ǹƗ ƽǂȇ Ń ǂƻƕ ."Ǯǳƿ ."Ǻƥȏơ ǞǷ ƔƢǬƦǳơ .ƢƆǼǈƷ ƢǼǈƷ" :ơȂǳƢǫ .ǺǿƽȏȁƗ ƨǫǁƢǨǷ ǹƽǂȇ Ń ƩơŚưǯ ƩƢȀǷƗ ǝơƽȂǳơ ƨȈŢ Ŀ ǱƢǗƗ ȂǈƬǻǁ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢƆȈǼȈƫȁǁ ƢƆƦƳơȁ ǹȁǀǨǼȇ Ƕǿ ƢŶƘǯ Ɣȁƾđ ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ƪǻƢǯ .ƢƆǓǁƗ ǽȂǷǁȁ ǾȀƳȁ ȄǴǟ ǽȂƥǂǓ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ǾƬƦȈǘƻ ƪǻƢǯ Ŗǳơ ƢǰǈȈǌǻơǂǨǳ . ƨȈǼȈƫȁǂǳơ ǶȀƬǨȈǛȁ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ȃǂƳ ơƿƢǷ .ǲǸǠǳơ ȄǴǟ ǺȇǁƽƢǬǳơ ǱƢƳǂǳơ ơȂǠŦ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǂǌǟ ǺǷ ǲǫƗ ǱȐƻ ƾǠƥ ȏȁ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǥǂǠǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ń ǄƟƢƴǠǳơȁ ƽȏȁȋơ ƔƢǈǼǳơ :ǺȇǂƻȊǳ Ǟȇǂǈǳơ ǦȈǼǐƬǳơ Ǯǳƿ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ǵȂȈǳơ .ƨǗƢǈƥ ǲǰƥ .ǶȀǠǴƥ ǲȈǴǳơ .Ǯǳƿ ǺŴȁ .ȏ ǺǷȁ ƮǳƢưǳơ ƺȇơǂǴǳ ǲǸǠǳơ Ŀ ơƆƾȈǨǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǰŻ ǺǷ ǁǂǬƫ ȆƸǘǈǳơȁ ȐƳǁ ǹȂǠǈƫȁ ƨƬǇ ǲƻƽÉ Ɨ ǊƬǧȂǻȂǷƢǻȂƥȁ ȁƢǼǯǂƥ ȅǂǰǈǠǷ ńƛ ǾǻƗ ǵȂȈǳơ ǥǂǠǻ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń -ƨƟƢǸǈŨ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ -Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǲǯȁ .ƢǼƬȈǳƢǇǁƛ ǺǷ ƧƗǂǷơ ǹȁǂǌǟȁ Ǟǈƫȁ Ǿǧƾǿ ȅǀǳơ ơǀǿ ȆƴȀǼŭơ ǦȈǼǐƬǳơ ǹƗ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ .ƔƢȈƷȋơ śƥ śǷȂȇ ƾǠƥ ƪǷƾƼƬǇơ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǳƢƬǳơ ƩƢȈǳƢǇǁȍơ Ŀ .ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǀǨǼȇ Ń ƧƢȈūơ ȄǴǟ ǺȇǁƽƢǬǳơ "ǁƢȈƬƻơ" .ǾȈƳȂƫ ȁƗ ǂȇǀŢ ǹȁƾƥ śƦǻƢŪơ Ȑǯ ǺǷ ƩơǂǗƢǬǳơ ƣơȂƥƗ ơȂƸƬǧ :ǖǈƥƗ ƨǬȇǂǗ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ ƧǂǋƢƦǷ Ƥǿƿȁ .ƾƷơȁ ƤǻƢƳ ǺǷ ơȂǳǄǻ ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ ǺăǷ ƩơǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ Ƥǿƿȁ .ňƢưǳơ ƤǻƢŪơ ńƛ Ƥǿƿ ǺăǷ ǃƢǤǳơ ǹƗ ǆǸǌǳƢǯ ǹƢŭȌǳ ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǹƢǯ Ǿǻȋ ƭȐưǳơ ƪǼƥ ƨǴǨǘǳơ ƢȈǴȈǷƛ ƪƫƢǷ ơǀǰǿȁ ǺǷ ȆǨȈǳ ȁƾǳƛ ǅƾǼȀŭơ ƨǼƥơ ƢȈǴȈǷƛ .ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǱƢǨǗȋơ ơȂǴƬǬȇ ǹƗ ǶǿǂǷƘȇ ƺȇǁƢƬǳơ ǂǷƗ ƢȀǸȈǸŢ Ŀ ƢƸų ƢȀǷƗȁ ƢǿȂƥƗȁ ƨǸȈǰƷȁ ƨƷǂǷ ǝȐǘƬǇȐǳ ƨƦŰ ƨǴǨǗ ȂǻȐȈǷ ȅǀǳơȁ "ǺǨǠƬŭơ" ňƢŭȋơ ȆǰȈǻƢǰȈŭơ ƧƾǟƢǈŠ ǂǌƦǳƢƥ ƨƠȈǴŭơ ƧǂǗƢǬǳơ Ŀ ƧǂǨǈǳơ ǱȐƻ 20

ΔϠΣήϟ΍

ȅǀǳơ ǂƫƢǨǳơ ƔƢŭơ ǺǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƧŚǤǏ ƨƦǴǟ Ŀ ǲǬƬȇ ǹƗ Ǫǧơȁȁ ǂǷơȁȋơ ƤǈƷ ǥǂǐƬȇ Ń .ƩȂŭơ ńƛ ƢǼǴǯ ƢǼǴǬǻ ȅǀǳơ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ǺǷ ǾǫǂǇ ǹƗ ǺǰŤ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ƢǻƽȏȁƗȁ ƢǻƙƢǈǻȁ ƢǼǴǿƗ ȄǨƬƻơ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ǺǷ ƨȈǜǋ Ŀ ƔƢǨƬƻƢƥȁ ǦȈǏǂǴǳ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ ƨǸǴǜǷ ƨǴƬǯ ƢǷ ƨǜū ǶȀȈǳƛ Ƣǻǂǜǻ .ǶȀǟƽȂȇ .ƢǼǻȂȈǟ Ǻǟ ƢƆǠȈŦ ơȂǨƬƻơ ƾƷơȁ ƨƯȐƯ ƨƯȐƯ ơȁǁƢǇ .ƔƢƥǂǤǳơ ǂǌƦǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢƬǟȂǸů ǲȇƽƢǼǬǳơ ƔȂǓ ȄǴǟ ƩǂȀǛ ƧƘƴǧȁ ǶȀǇȁƙǁ ȄǴǟ .ǵƢǈƳȋƢƥ ǖȈŢ ǶȀȇƾȇƗȁ ǭǂƸƬƫ ǶȀǇȁƙǁ .ƨƦȇǂǣ ƨǴǋƢǧ ƩơȂǘƻ Ŀ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǹƢǯ ǲȈǴǳơ ǵȐǛ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂǳơ ȄǴǟȁ .ƨǴȇȂǗ ǕȂǘş ƧƔƢƦǟ ǹȂǈƦǴȇ ƨǰƸǔǷ ƨǠƦǫ Ńȁ ƨǠǇơȁ ƧǂƟơƽ Ŀ ơȁǂǷȁ .Ƨǁǀǫȁ ƨǫǄŲ ǶȀǈƥȐǷ ǹƗ ƆơƾƳ ŚƦǯ ƾǠƥ ǺǷ ǄȈȈǸƬǳơ ǺǷ ơȂǳǄǻȁ ơȁƾǠǏ .ǵǃǂǳơ ǲȈǸƸƬƥ ơȁƗƾƥ ƨǸǴǯ ơȂǜǨǴȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥȁ .ƢǼȈǳƛ ơȂƥǂƬǬȇ .ƨǣǁƢǨǳơ ƩơǂǗƢǬǳơ .ƢƆȈǻȂǼƳȁ ƢƆǷȂȀǨǷ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƔȆǋ ǲǯ . ǶǴǰƬǻ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƾƷơȂǳơ Ƣǻǂǜǻ .ơǀǰǿ ȁƾƦǻ ǥȂǇ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺŴ ơƾǣ .ƢǼǠǷ ŚǐȈǇ ơǀǰǿ :ơƆƾƷơȁ ơƆǂǷƗ ƢǼǸȀǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǦȈǯ ǶȀǧƗ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ .ƢƆǐƼǋ śƯȐƯ ŅơȂƷ ǞǷ ƨǼƷƢǋ ȄǴǟ ȆǈǨǻ ƩƾƳȁ Ń ƧƢǘǤǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƢĔȋ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǲȈǴǳơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ƪǠǧƾǻơ ƧǁƢȈǈǳơ .ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ǹƗ ǶȀǨǻ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǹƢǯ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƩơǄǨǬǳơ ƤǈƷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǞǴǘƬǳơ ƢƆǼǰŲ Ǻǰȇ ńƛ ǄǨǬǳơ ǱȁƢŴ ǲǿ ƨǬǧơǂǷ ƨǇơǂƷ ǹȁƾƥ ƢǻǂǧƢǇ ǲǿ .ƩƢƦǘŭƢƥ ƔȆǴǷȁ ȂƉ ƬǴǷ ǁƢǈŭơ ȏƆ ƢƷ .ǲǨǇƗ ńƛ ƽƢǬĄǻ ƢǼǴǯ ǹȉơȁ ƢǻǂƻƘƫ .ƾǟȂŭơ Ǻǟ ƢǻǂƻƘƫ ƢǼǻƗ ƢǼǈǈƷƗ ǲǨǇƗ .ƢǼǼȈƥ Ǧǫȁ ňƢŭƗ ȅƾǼƳ– ƨƦȇǂǣ ƨǬǧơǂǷ ƨǇơǂƷ .ƨǇơǂƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ƆƢǔȇƗ ƢǼǯǁƽƗ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨǈǷơƾǳơ ƨǸƬǠǳơ ƤƦǈƥ ǽơǂǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ȏ .ǾȈǷƾǫ ŕƷ ǾǇƗǁ ǺǷ ƢƆƸǴǈǷ śǸȈǳơ ńƛ ƧǂǷ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǂďȈǘĄƫ Ŗǳơ ƧǁƢȈǈǳơ ǖƦţ ƾǼǟ ƨȇȂǬǳơ ǾƬǈǸǴƥ ƢǼǈǈƷƗ ǅȂǨǼǳơ ƢȀƬȇƗ Ƕǰǳ ǲȇȂǳơ" : ƹǂǐȇ ǹƗ Ɨƾƥȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȇƾǼǫ ƔȆǔȇ Ȃǿ ƧƘƴǧȁ .ǁƢǈȈǳơ ńƛ ƧǂǷȁ

21

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƢǼǠǷ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǱƘǈȇȁ ƾƷơȁ ǲǰǳ ƣƽƘƥ ǾƳȂƬȇ ǹƢǯ 1"Ƨǂȇǂǌǳơ ǱƢǫ ƨǟƢǈǳơȁ ǱƢŭơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥ ƾȈǨƬǈǻ Ǻǳ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǠǧ Ǿǳ ƢȀƟƢǘǟȍ ƨǟƢǇ ȁƗ ǱƢǷ ƧǁƽƢƦǷ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ơƆƾȈƳ ƢǼǸȀǧ .ǂǷơȁȋơ ƤǈƷ ƆƢƦǴǗ ŕƷ ȏȁ ơƆǂǷƗ ǆȈǳ ơǀǿ .ơƆǂǈǨǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǣ ơƆǁȂǠǋ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢƆǰƸǓȁ ƢƆƦǔǣ ǁƢƯƗ ǂǷȋơ .ƢǼƫǂǗƢǬǳ ƧŚǤǏ ƨȈǐƼǋ .ƱơǂǨǻȏƢƥ

ȅŚǤȈǳƗ Ŗǻơƾǳ "ƨȈŮȍơ ƢȇƾȈǷȂǰǳơ" ǺǷ ǂǠǋ ƪȈƥ 1 22

ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ ƨƥơȂƥ ƪƦǐƬǻơ ƢǼǻȂȈǟ ǵƢǷƗȁ ƩƢǼƷƢǌǳơ ƪǨǫȂƫ .ƨǬȈǫƽ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ƧǂǨǈǳơ ƩǂǸƬǇơ Ŀ řǬȇƢǔȇ Ǳơǃ ƢǷ ƔƢǔŭơ ǹơȂǼǠǳơ ǂǜǼǷ )ƆơƾȈƳ ƧƔƢǔǷ ƨƥƢƬǯ ƪǳƢǠƫ ƢȀǫȂǧȁ ƧŚƦǯ .ǁǂŹ ǲǸǠǳơ.Arbeit macht frei :ȆǷȐƷƗ ƢǼƫǂƴǼƷ .ƨȈǧƢǯ ƨƠǧƾƫ ǹȁƾƥ ƨǣǁƢǧ .ǥơǂǗȋơ ƨǠǇơȁ ƨǧǂǣ ńƛ ƢǻȂǴƻƽƗ .ƢǼǳǄǻ Ń ǵƢȇƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǀǼǷ .ƢǼƥơȂǏ ǂċȈǗ ƩƢȈǨǼūơ ǺǷ ǪǧƾƬŭơ ƔƢŭơ ƩȂǏ .ǊǘǠǳơ ǺǷ ƨǨǋƢǻ ƣǂǋ ǹƗ ǺǴǠƫ ƨƬǧȏ ƢȀǫȂǧȁ ƨȈǨǼƷ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀ Ȇǿ Ƣǿȁ .ƢǼǿơȂǧƗ ńƛ ƔƢǷ ƨǘǬǻ ǲƻƾƫ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ "Ƕǿ" .ƢǼǟơƾƻ ƪǧƾȀƬǇơ ƨƬǧȐǳơ ǹƗ Ņ ƶǓơȁ !Ɣơǂǿ ƭȂǴǷ Ǿǻȋ ǝȂǼŲ ƔƢŭơ Wassertrinken ȁ ƨȈǨǼƷ ƢȀȈǧ ƨǧǂǣ ńƛ ƢǼǻȂǴƻƾȇ -ǊǘǠǳơ ǺǷ ǹȂƬďȈǷ ƢǼǻƗ ơȂǴǠǨȇ ǹƗ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǼǫƗ ǹƗ ƪǳȁƢƷȁ ƪƥǂǋ ƢǻƗ .(ƔƢŭơ ƣǂǋ ǝȂǼŲ) verboten .ǞǬǼƬǈŭơ ƔƢǷ ƨƸƟơǂǯ ǾƬƸƟơǁȁ ǪǧƾƬȇ ǂƫƢǧ ƔƢŭơ .ǪǐƥƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ȆǴưǷ ƢȀǴƻơƽ Ŀ ǺŴȁ .ƨǣǁƢǧȁ ƨǠǇơȁ ƨǧǂǣ .ơǀǰǿ ȁƾƦƫ ƨǴƦǼǬǳơ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ Ŀ .ƨǴƦǼǫ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǂǜƬǼǻ .ƢȀǼǷ ƣǂǌǳơ ǃȂŸ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ ǖǬǼƫ ƨȈǨǼūơ .ǥȂǫȂǳơ Ƨǂưǯ ǺǷ ǹȂƦǠƬǷ ŕƷ Ǻǰǳ ǦȈǯ .ƔȆǋ ƭƾŹ ȏȁ ǂŻ ƪǫȂǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƤȈǿǁ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ƭƾŹ .ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ ơȂǈƦȈƫ ƢǼǔǠƥ .ƩơȂǷȋơ ǺǷ ƢǼƸƦǏƗ ƾǬǳ .ƧȂǫ ƢǼȈǧ Ǫă Ʀƫ Ń ŚǰǨƬǴǳ .ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ǦƷǄȇ ǺǷǄǳơ ƔǖƦƥ ǂǜǼȇ .ǾǸǧ Ŀ ƧǁƢƴȈǇ ǅƛ .ǅƛ ȅƾǼƳ ǲƻƾȇȁ ƶƬǨǼȇ ƣƢƦǳơ ƆƢƫơȂǷƗ ƢǼǈǳ ǺǷ ǵȂǬȇ (ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǥǂǠȇ ǺǷ) Wer kann Deutsch:ǱƘǈȇ ơƆŚƻƗȁ .ƾȇƾǋ ƨǈŨ ǦǏ ?ǲǯ ǥȂǫȂǳơ .ǶƳǂƬȇ ǉȐǧ .ǉȐǧ Ǿũơ .ǲƦǫ ǺǷ ǽǁƗ Ń ǹƢǈǻƛ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǆƥȐŭơ ƤȈƫǂƫȁ ǆƥȐŭơ ǞǴƻ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ .ǂƻȉơȁ ƾƷơȂǳơ śƥ ǺȇǂƬǷ ƾǠƥ ǞǷ ƨǈŨ ǞǷ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǞǴƻ ƤŸ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƧĈǂǏ Ą Ŀ ȄǬƦƫ ƢǷ ǲǯȁ ƢǿƾƷȁ ǺǘǬǳơ ǆƥȐǷ :ơǀǰǿ .ƢǿȂǫǂǈȇ ȏ ǹƗ ǁǀūơ 23

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǪƟƢƯȂǳƢƥ ǲǸǠǻ ơƿƢǷȁ ŖȇǀƷƗ ǩǂǈȇ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ǱƢƥ ȄǴǟ ǂǘƼȈǇ ơƿƢŭ ƨǫǂǇ ňƢŭȋơ ǱƘǈȇ Ȃǿ ǶƳǂƬŭơ ńƛ ǂǜǼǻ ǺŴ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ƤȈƳ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ƧŚǤǐǳơ ƩƢȈƳƢūƢƥ .ƢƆǫȐǗƛ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ń ƢŶƘǯ .ƢǧƢǨǋ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ǂƻȉƢƥ ǂǜǼȇȁ Ǻƻƾȇ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǖƥǂȇ ǹƢǸǣǂƥ ƾȈǈǳơ .ǶǿƽȐȈǷ ǵȂȇ Ŀ ƢǸǯ Ƨơǂǟ Ǻȇƾǋơǁ ƆȏƢƳǁ ǁƗ Ń ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ǶȀǧ ňƢŭȋơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƽƽǂƬȇ ǶƳǂƬŭơ .ǾǠǴź ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǱƘǈȇ .ǂąǈǰƌ ǳ ơƆƾǻƢǇ ƢƆǷơǄƷ ǞǴƦȇ ǉȐǧ ǹƗ ƢǼǜƷȏ .ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ńƛ Śǌȇ Ȃǿ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǉȐǧ ńƛ ƨǷơǂǐƥ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ɨƾƥȁ ƾȈǈǳơ ǵơǄƷ ǀƻƘƫ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .ǵơǄūơ ǞǴƻƛ ǱȂǬȇ ǊȇȁƢǌǳơ -ǱȂǬȇ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǾǬȇǁ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .ǶǬǴǠǳƢǯ ƧĈǂǷĄ Ȇǿȁ ǉȐǧ Ƕǧ ǺǷ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǲǴǈƬƫ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơ ǹƗ ƢǼȇƗǁ .ǺǿȂǯ .ƢǼǳ ǁƢǬƬƷȏơȁ ƨȇǂƼǈǳơ Ŀ ňƢŭȋơ ƨǬȇǂǗ .ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ƣȇơȁǃ ȃƾƷƛ Ŀ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǞǴŵ ǹƗ ǂǷƗȁ ǂƻƕ ňƢŭƗ ƔƢƳ ǲȈǴǬƥ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ Ń Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ŃƢǠǳơ ơǀǿ ƱǁƢƻ ƢǼǻƗ ƢǼǈǈƷƗ ǁȂǷȋơ ǲǯ ƪȀƬǻơ .ǽǂǷơȁȋ ƢƆǬƦǗ ƢǼǴǠǧȁ ƨǷȂǯ ǂŸȁ ƨǈǼǰǷ ǽƾȇ Ŀȁ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǂȀǜȇ ƧƘƴǧȁ .ǂǷơȁȋơ ǀǨǼǻ ǹƗ ȏƐ ƛ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ʊȁǃ ǹȂǠǈƫȁ ƨƬǇ .ǂƻȉơ ƾǠƥ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƢȀǴǯ ƢǿǂŸ .ǹȂǼů .ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƾďǸš ƶȇǁ .ƱǁƢŬơ ȄǴǟ ƶƬǨǼȇ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ƣƢƥ .ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ǶƟȐƫ ƔơǀƷ Ƨƽǂǧ ơǀǰǿȁ !ƨȇǀƷƗ .ƣƢƦǳơ ƣǂǔƫ ƶȇǂǳơ .ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ƢǼǻȂǘƥ ȆǘǤǻ Ƨơǂǟ ǺŴȁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ńƛ ǲǤǴǤƬƫ ǵƢǜǠǳơ Ɣơǁȁ ƾƷơȂǳơ ƔœƬź ǦȈǯ ƧȏƢƦǷ Ȑƥ ǂǜǼȇ Ǧǫơȁ Ȃǿȁ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƣƢƦǳơ ƶƬǨȇ ňƢŭȋơ .Ƥǿǀȇȁ ƣƢƦǳơ ǪǴǤȇ .ƧƾďǸĐƊ ơ ƶȇǂǳơ ƤȀǷ ǺǷ ƿȐǷ ƽƢŸȏ .ǂƻȉơ ƩơǂǨǋ ǶȀȇƾȇƗ Ŀȁ ǲƻơƾǳơ ńƛ ƨǨǏƢǠǳƢǯ ǹȂǬǴǘǼȇ ǱƢƳǁ ƨǠƥǁƗ :ňƢưǳơ ƾȀǌŭơ ƩƢƬȈǯƢƳȁ ǕȂǘƻ ǞǷ ǲȈǗƢǼƥ ǹȂǈƦǴȇ ơȂǻƢǯ .ǂǠǌǴǳ ƨǫȐƷ ƩƢȇƢǋǂǧȁ ƨǫȐƷ ȄǴǟ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ ǶǿƢǼȇƗǁ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǅƢǼǳơ ǺǷ Ƕǿ ƢŠǁ .Ƕǫǁ ǖċȈű ǶǿǁȁƾǏ ȄǴǟ .ƨǘǘű ǱƘǈǻ ǺŴ .ǶȀǷƢǈƳƗ Ŀ ǶēȂǫȁ ƔƢȇȂǫƗ Ɣȏƚǿ .ȏ (ǆǷƗ ǹƢǯ ơǀǿ ǲǠǳȁ) ǦȈǏǂǳơ ǮƸǔǴǳ ƧŚưǷ Ƕǯ .ǹȂǬȈǴƷ ǺŴ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǱȐƻȁ ƢǼǇȁƙǂƥ ǹȂǰǈŻ Ƕǿȁ .ƧŚưǯ ƨǴƠǇƗ .ŃƢǠǳơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ȁƾƦƫ ȏ ƨǤǴƥ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ƨǠƥǁȋơ !Ǻǫǀǳơ ǪǴƷȁ ǂǠǌǳơ ǪǴƷ ƾǠƥ ǽȂƳȂǳơ .Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǶȀǧƗ ƢǻƘǧ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ǆȈǳ ǮǴƫ :ǩƽȋơȁ

24

ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ

ǵƢĈǸūơ ƨǧǂǣ .ƧƢǨƷȁ Ƨơǂǟ ǹȂǬȈǴƷ ƔƢŭƢƥ ǲǈƬǤǻ ǺŴ ƧƘƴǧȁ ƶƬƒǨȇĄ ǂƻƕ ƣƢƥ .ǵȐǰǳơ ȄǴǟ ƗǂƴƬǻȁ ǱȂǿǀǳơ ƽƾƦƫ ơƐƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ .ƢǻŚǣ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ǲƻơƾǳơ Ŀ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƢǼǻƗ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ ǵƢĈǸūơ ńƛ ƢǻȂƦǴƳ ơƿƛ .ƤȈŸ ǎƼǋ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ǦȈǯ :ǱƘǈȇ ǲǰǳơ ǹȂƸǸǈȇ ȏ ǹƿƛ ơƿƢŭ .ơƆǁȂǧ ƢǼǴƬǫ ǹȁȂǼȇ ȏ ǶĔƗ ơǀǿ ŘǠǸǧ ǲǈƬǤǻ ƢǼǯ ơƿƛ .ǲǈƬǤǻ .ǆƥȐǷȁ ƨȇǀƷƗ ƢǻƾǼǟ ǆȈǳ .ƢƆƠȈǋ ƢǼǳ ǂǈǨȇ ƾƷƗ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ƣǂǌǳơȁ ǅȂǴŪƢƥ ƢǼǳ .śǨǫơȁ ƢǻǂǧƢǇ ǵƢȇƗ ƨǈŨ .ǵƢǜǠǳơ ńƛ ǲǤǴǤƬȇ ƽǂƥ Ŀ ƔƢŭơ ńƛ Ƨơǂǟ ǄǨǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟȁ ƢǻƙƢǈǻȁ Ǻǿ ǺȇƗȁ ƢǼǻȂǴǷƢǠȇ ƢǸǯ ƔƢǈǼǳơ ǹȂǴǷƢǠȈǇ ơȂǻƢǯ ơƿƛ řǳƘǈȇ ȆǨȈǳ ǅƾǼȀŭơ .ƪǼƥ ǽƾǼǟȁ ƱȁǄƬǷ Ǿǻȋ .ǶǠǼƥ ǾƬƦƳƗ Ǻǿơǂǻ ǹƗ ǁƾǬǻ ƢǼǯ ơƿƛȁ ǹȉơ ƩơƽȂƳȂǷ Ǿǧƾǿ Ȑ Ɔ ȈưŤ ȏƐ ƛ ǆȈǳ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƧǂǰǨǳơ ǂǬǼƫ ƪǻƢǯ œǴǫ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ċǺǿĄ ơǂǻ ƢƆǠƦǗ Ǯǳƿ ǆǰǟ ƾǬƬǠȇ ǺǷȁ ƢǼǻȂƬȈŻ ǥȂǇ ǂǷȋơ ǂƻƕ Ŀ ǶĔƗ ƶǓơȁ .ƢǼǳȏƿƛȁ ƢǼǟơƾƻ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ƢŠǁ ƢǼƬǟƢǇ ļƘƬǇ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǾǻƗ ƪǸȀǧ ƢǻƗ .ȏ ƢǻƗ .ǝơƾƼǴǳ ƨȈƸǓ ǖǬǇ ǹȂǼů ǆǴų ǹƗ ǱȁƢŴȁ ȃǂƻȋơ ƾǠƥ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴǁ ǄǨǬǻ ƢǼȇǂĄǟ ńƛ ǂǜǼǳơ ǺǷ ǹȂǧǂǬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ƔƢŭƢƥ ƧǁȂǸǤǷ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ǹȋ .ȄǠǧƗ ƢǼƬǠǈǳ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ƧƢƴǧ ǦǬǼǳ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ ǞǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ƭƽƢƸƬǻ ǥƾǿ Ȑƥ ơƆǁƢǈȇȁ ƢƆǼȈŻ Ƥǿǀǻ .Őǋ ȂǴǟ Ŀ ƽǁƢƦǳơ ƾǼǟ ǽƢǼǧǂǟ ȅǀǳơ ňƢŭȋơ ǖƥƢǔǳơ ǲƻƾȇ .ƶƬǨǼȇ ƣƢƦǳơ .ƨƴǔǳƢƥ ǵȂǬǻ .Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǲǯ śƬǷƢǏ ǹȂǰǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǻƗ ǱȂǬȇ ǖƥƢǔǳơ .ǶƳǂƬȇ ǉȐǧȁ ǲǸĄƳ Ƨƾǟ ǱȂǬȇ .ƢǼƠȈů ǞǸąǈƫĄ Ŗǳơ Ƨǂȇǂǌǳơ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơ ǽǀǿ (ƽȂȀȈǳơ Ǻȇƾǳơ ǱƢƳǁ) śȈǻƢƥǂǴǳ ƨǇǁƾǷ ƪǈȈǳ ƢǼǿ .ơƆƾǇƢǧ Ȑ Ɔ ǯƗ ǪǐƦȇ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ǾǸǧ ǺǷ ƢȀǬǴǘȇ Ȃǿȁ ǾȀƳȁ ǽȂǌƫ ǾǸǧ Ŀ ƨƦȇǂǣ ǞǷ ơƿƢǷȁ .ƢǼǿ ȄǬƦǻ ƾǠƥ ƪǫȂǳơ ǺǷ Ƕǯȁ ǂǜƬǼǻ ơƿƢǷ ǱƘǈȇ ǹƗ ǶƳǂƬŭơ ǺǷ ƤǴǘǻ ƨƦǣǁ ǹȁƾƥ ǶƳǂƬȇ ǉȐǧ .ƢǼƬǴƠǇƗ ƨŦǂƫ ǒǧǂȇ Ȃǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢǿŚǣȁ ƢǿŚǣȁ .ƔƢǈǼǳơ ƨŦǂƫ ǒǧǂȇ ǾǼǰǳȁ ǶǈǳƢƥ ƶǔǼƫ ƲǴưǳƢǯ ƧƽǁƢƥ ƩƢǸǴǯ .ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏơ ńƛ ňƢŭȋơ ǱơȂǫƗ ƢȈǻƢŭƗ Ŀ ƽȂǳȂǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ Ȃǿ Ǯǳƿ ǲǠǧ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ ǹƗ ƾǬƬǠȇ Ǿǻȋ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ńƛ ƢǼǳơȂǫƗ ǹƢȈǴǘǳơ ƾǓ ǲƫƢǫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨƥƢǏƛ ǪȈǸǟ ƵǂƳ ǁƢƯƕ ǾȀƳȁ ȄǴǟ śǈŨ ŅơȂƷ ǽǂǸǟ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƢǻƗ .ǾǈǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǪǴǤǷȁ ƩȂǰǇ ǹƢǈǻƛ .ńȁȋơ ƨȈǳƢǠǳơ ƣǂūơ Ŀ .ƢȈǻƢŭƗ ǊȈƳ ǁƢǗƛ Ŀ .ƢǼǴƦǫ ǪȇƢǔƬȇ Ɨƾƥ ǾǻƗ ǆƷƗ řǻȋ ǵơǂƬƷȏơ Ǿǳ ǺǯƗ .ƢǼǈǨǻƗ ǂǜǻ Ŀ ƢǼǳ śȀǷ ƪǸǐƥ ǥȂǫȂǳơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ǞǷ ƪǰǈǻ ǺŴȁ Ʊǂź ňƢŭȋơ .ƣƢƦǳơ ƶƬǨǼȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ .ƢƆǷȂȇ ǂƴǨǳơ ǞǴǘȈǇ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ Ǯǌǻ ƢǻƗƾƥ .ƨǴȈǳ ƪȈǬƥ ƨǴȈǳ ǆƦǴȇ .ǶȀǴưǷ ƢƆǼǈƷ ǆȈǳ .ǾǫƢǧǁ Ǻǟ ƢƆǨǴƬű ơƾƥ ƨƐǘǫǂĄǷ ǆƥȐǷ ǆƦǴȇ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǲƻƽ .ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǾƳȂƫ .ȅǁƢǔƷ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǾƳȁ Ǿǳ śƫǁƢǜǻ Ŗǳơ ƩƢȈƷǂǈŭơ ǺǷ ƨǻȂǼů ƨȈƷǂǈǷ ƾǿƢǌǻ ƢǼǻƘǯȁ ơƾƥ .ƣơǂǤƬǇȏơ Ǻǟ ƢǼǨǫȂƫ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǲƳǂǳơ .ǅƾǬǳơ Ƶȁǂǳơȁ ƩơǂƷƢǈǳơ Ǯǳǀǯȁ Ƶǂǈŭơ ȄǴǟ ǹƢǘȈǌǳơ ƢȀȈǧ ǂȀǜȇ ȄǴǟ ƤȈŸ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŹȁ ƣƽƘƥ ǲȈǐǨƬǳƢƥ Ƶǂǌȇ .ƨƦȇǂǣ ƨƴȀǴƥ ƧǂǠǬƬŭơ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ .ƢǼƬǴƠǇƗ ǹƢǰǈǳƢƥ ƨǳȂǿƘǷ ƨǬǘǼǷ ƢȈǴǠǳơ ƢȇǄǴǋ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ŀ ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ƣǂǫ ǊƬǧȂǻȂǷ Ŀ ǺŴ ǲǯ .Arbeitslager ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǲǸǟ ǂǰǈǠǷ Ȃǿ ǂǰǈǠŭơ .śȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơȁ ǹƢŭȋơ Ǿũơ ȄǴǟȁ ƢǻȂƥ ȄǸǈŭơ ǞǼǐŭơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ (ǎƼǋ ǥȏƕ Ƨǂǌǟ ŅơȂƷ) ȃǂǇȋơ .ƢǻȂƥ ȄǸǈĄȇ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƨȇǀƷƗȁ ǆƥȐǷ ǲƥ ƢǼǈƥȐǷȁ ƢǼƬȇǀƷƗ ƪǈȈǳ ȏ ȏ .ǆƥȐǷȁ ƨȇǀƷƗ ǀƻƘǼǇ ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ǶƸƬǈǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǻȋ Ƨơǂǟ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ƢǼǳ Ŗǳơ ǮǴƫ ǲưǷ .ȃǂƻƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ǃȂŸ ȏ Ǿǻȋ ƨǜǬȈǳơ ƾǠƥ .ơƆǁȂǧ ǶƬȈǇ ơǀǿ .ŚȀǘƬǳơȁ ǵƢǸƸǴǳ .ŚȀǘƬǳơ ǹȁƾƥ Ȃǿ ƆȐưǷ .ǲǸǟ ǭƢǼǿȁ ǲǸǟ ǭƢǼǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ǲǰǳơ ƢǼǿ ǲǸǠǳơ ƤŸ ƢƆǠƦǗ ǞƥǁƗ ǀǼǷ .ǂǰǈǠǸǴǳ ǹƢǼǇƗ ƤȈƦǗ .ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ ǶǴǠƫȁ ȅǁƢǤǼǿ Ȃǿ .ƢƆƦȈƦǗ ǲǸǠȇ ǾǈǨǻ ƨǼǇ ǲƦǫ ǖǬǧ ǶȈǫƗ ƢǻȂƦǳơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǆȈǳ ȏ ȏ .ǲƻơƾǳơ Ŀ Ȃǿ ƩơȂǼǇ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ȑ Ɔ ȇǄǿ ǆȈǳ ƆơƾȈƳ ơȁǂȇ ǹƗ ơȁǂȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǲǰǳơ ǹƜǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ .Ǧǐǻȁ ǲƳǂǳơ ƤȈŸ "ȏ" ."ƢǼǴưǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƪǻƗ ǲǿ" "ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƪǻƗ ơƿƢŭ" ǵǃȐǳơ ."ȆƟƢǼƳ śƴǇ ƢǻƗ" ǾƬǗƢǈƦƥ 26

ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ

ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ƧǂǋƢƦǷ ƤȈŸ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ǮƸǔǳƢƥ ƤȈŸ ƢȀǔǠƥ ȄǴǟ .ƧŚưǯ ƨǴƠǇƗ ǾǻȂǳƘǈȇ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ ȏ .ƨǼȈǠǷ ǞȈǓơȂǷ ȄǴǟ ƨƥƢƳȍơ ǺǷ ƣǂȀƬȇ ǾǻƗ ǹȁǂȇ .ƢƆǫȐǗƛ ƤȈŸ ȏ ȏȁ ƪǰǈȇ ǾǼǰǳȁ .Ƥȇǂǫ ƢǸǟ Ǻđ ȆǬƬǴǼǇ ƢǼǻƗȁ .ƾȈƳ ǺȀǠǓȁ ǹƛ ǱȂǬȇ .ƔƢǈǼǳơ ǲǷƢǠƬȇ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ ǲǿ .ƨǻȂǼů ƨƦȇǂǣ ƢƆǐǐǫ ǎǬȇ ǾǻƜǧ ơǀǿ ǲƥƢǬǷ .ŕǷȁ ǺȇƗ ǱȂǬȇ ƾǬǨȇ ǹƗ ǎƼǌǴǳ ǺǰŻ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ƮȈƷ ǽƾǋǁ ƾǬǧ ǾǻƗ ǵƗ ǁƢǬƬƷơȁ ƨȇǂƼǈƥ ǺǷȁ .ǵƾǬǳơ Ƨǂǯ ǹȂƦǠǴȇȁ ƩƢƫǂǈǻȂǯ ǹȂǧǄǠȇ ƾƷƗ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ Ŀ ǶĔƛ ǱȂǬȇ .ǾƥơȂǏ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǲǸǠǳƢƥ ǃƢƬŻ ǺǷȁ ƆƢƻƢƦǗ ǺċȈǠă ȇĄ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ơƆƾȈƳ ƨǟǁƢǐŭơ ǥǂǠȇ ǵƾǟ ƤŸȁ ƨƯȂǴǷ Ȑ Ɔ Ǡǧ ƣǂǌǳơ ǽƢȈǷ ǹƛ ǱȂǬȇ .ƢƆǻȂƥƢǏȁ ƢƆǤƦƫ .Ƣđ ȅǂƬǌȇ ƩȏȂǏȁ ƣǂǌȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƆƧƽƢǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ƧȂȀǬǴǳ Ȑ Ɔ ȇƾƥ ƢƆƥȁǂǌǷ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ Ǻǰǳȁ .Ƣđǂǋ .ǊǘǠǳơ ȅȁǂƫȁ ǂưǯƗ ƨȈƟƢǷ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǹȋ ǾǼǷ ƔƢƳ ǾǻƗȁ .ǁƾǬȇ ȏ ǾǻƘƥ ƤȈŸ ǾǼǰǳȁ .ƣǂǌǴǳ ƢƆƠȈǋ ƢǼǳ Ƥǈǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǷ ƤǴǘǻ ǺŴ ƨȈǴǸǠƥ ǂŶ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ƢǼƥ ȆǬƬǴȇ ǹƗ ǽȂǠǼǷ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǹƗ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂǳơ ȄǴǟ ƆơǂǇ ƢǻơŚǳ ƨƷơǂǐƥȁ ǹƢȈǴǘǴǳ ǾƦƷ Ǟǧơƾƥ ƔƢƳ ƾǬǳ.ơƆǁȂǧ ƢǼǟ ƾǠƬƦȇ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǵƢǟ ǲǰǌƥȁ ŚȀǘƬǳơ ǲƟȐǫ ǶǠǻ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǹȁǂƻƕ ǹƢȈǴǗ ƾƳȂȇ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǾǳƘǈǻ ."ƢƆǬȈǫǁ ƢƆƦǴǫ ǽƾǼǟ ǹȋ" ǹǂȇ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ǂƻƕ ǝȂǓȂǷ ńƛ ǲǬƬǼȇȁ ƣǂȀƬȇ Ƕǿƽƾǟ Ƕǯ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ ǺǷ ơȂǠƴǌƫ ǺăǷ ƢǼǼȈƥ .śǴǿơƿȁ śƥǂǤƬǈǷ ƢǼȈǬƥ ƣǂȀȇȁ ǾǈǨǻ ǲǸŹ ƤȈƦǘǳơ .ǅǂŪơ ƤȈƦǗ ƤȇǂǤǳơ ǎƼǌǳơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ȆȇƗǂƥ ƧȂǬƥ ƢƆǰǈǸƬǷ ƪǳǃ ƢǷ .Ȑǧ ƢǻƗ ƢǷƗ ǾǷȐǯ .ǾǳƢǫ ƢŲ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǸǴǯ ȏȁ ǩƾǏƗ ȏ ƢǻƗ .ƢǼƳǁƾƬǈȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ǹƢǼǇȋơ ǵƢǸūơ ńƛ ǲǏȁ ƧƘƴǧ .ǚǬȈƬǇơ ƾǫ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹƗ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ǺǰŻ ǅǂŪơ śǻǁ ǞǷ ŕƷ ƨǠƬŭƢƥ ǦƬǰǻ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢǼȈǴǟ ƩċǂǷ ƨǠƬŭơ ǺǷ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǆŨ .ǺƻƢǈǳơ ƔƢŭơ ǁƢȈƫ ƢǼǻȂǠǧƾȇȁ ƢǼǻȂǴǯǂȇ ơȁƗƾƥȁ (ƨǠƥǁȋơ ǹȂǫƐȐūơ Ƕǿ ǲǿ) ǱƢƳǁ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǵƢǸūơ ńƛ ǲƻƽ ƨǧǂǣ ńƛ ƢǻȂǠǧƽ ǺƻƢǈǳơ ƔƢŭơ ǁƢƼƦƥ śǗƢŰ śǴǴƦǷ ƢǼǳǃ ƢǷ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǹȂƻǂǐȇ Ƕǿȁ ǲǯȁ .ƨȈƦǌƻ ƨȇǀƷƗȁ ƢƆǫăǂƻĉ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǹȂǷǂȇ ǹȁǂƻƕ ǦǬȇ ƮȈƷ ƲǴưǳƢǯ ƧƽǁƢƥ ƧǁȁƢů ƨǫǁǄǴǳ ǱƢȈǷ ƲǴƯ ȄǴǟ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǺŴȁ ȏƐ ƛ ǆŴ Ń .ǹơƿȉơ Ƕǐȇ ƹơǂǏ Ŀ Ǯǳƿ .ǂƴǨǳơ ǞǴǘǷ ǲƦǫ Ƨơǂǟȁ ƧƢǨƷ ǺŴȁ ƾǸƴƬǷȁ 27

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƢǼǿ .ǂƬǷȁ ƨƠǷ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ ƨǨǫơȂǳơ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ŕƷ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ Ŀ ǆƥȐŭơȁ ǒǯǂǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ . ƢǼǈƥȐǷ ǆƦǴǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ǹȂƸǸǈȇ .ǾǬȈǧǁ ńƛ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǂǜǼǻ ǹƗ ƙǂų Ń .ǾƬȇȁơǃ Ŀ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ȃȁǄǻơ ǆƦǴǳơ ƢǼȈĔƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƢǼǳȂƷ ǆǴǰǳƢǯ ƤƷƢǋ ǾƳȁ ƨƠǷ Ŀ ƢǼǳ ƪǈǰǠǻơ ƢǼƫǁȂǏ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀ ƧƕǂǷ ȏ ƔƢȈƷȋơ -ƩơȂǷȋơ ǲưǷ ƨƦȇǂǣ ƵơȁǁƗ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ƧǁȂǐǳơ ǂďȈǤă ƫĄ .Ƨǁǀǫȁ ƨǈƟƢƥ ƨǟơĈǄǧ ƨƠǷ .ǆǷȋƢƥ ƢǿƢǼȇƗǁ Ŗǳơ ǹơƾǬǧ Ǻǟ ƨǫǁƢūơ ƨǻƢǿȍơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǟ ǂďƦǠă ƫĄ ǺǷ ǂǬǧƗ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƨǤǴǳơ ǹƗ ƢǼǯǁƽƗ ǹȉơ ńƛ .ȆƟȂƦǻ ƵǂǈǸǯ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ǺǷ ƔǄƳ Ŀ ƨǬȈǬƷ ƢǼǳ ơƾƥ ǞǫơȂǳơ .ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ Ƶȁǂǳơ ƢǼǳ ǪƦȇ Ń .ǁơƾŴȏơ ǺǰŲ Śǣ Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǲǨǇƗȁ ƨƳǁƽ ǲǨǇƗ ńƛ .ƢǼǴǏȁ ǒȈǔūơ ǹȂǤǐȇ ȏ ƢǼǸǴǰƫ ơƿƛ .ƢǼǳ ƢǿȂǬƦȇ Ń ƢǼƫơǂǠǋ ŕƷȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǆƥȐŭơ ơȁǀƻƗ .ƔȆǋ ǹƗ ơǀǿ ǞǷ ƢǻƽǁƗ ơƿƛȁ .ƢǻƔƢũƗ ǹȂƦǴǈȇ ǥȂǇ ǲȈǴǫ ƾǠƥ .ǹȂǸȀǨȇ ȏ ơȂǤǏƗ ơƿƛȁ ƢǼǳ .ǽƢĈǼǯƌ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ƢǼǷ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ȄǬƦȇ ŕƷ ƢǻơȂǫ ǲǯ ǞǸų ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȈǇ ƢȀȈǴǟ ǚǧƢŴ ƣǂƴȈǴǧ .Ǯǳǀǯ ǂǷȋơ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǈƷȁ .ŅơȂǫƗ ǶȀǧ ƨǳȂȀǈƥ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǆȈǳ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟƗ ȃǄǤǷ ȅƗȁ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǲǰǳ ƧŚǤǐǳơ ƨȈǷȂȈǳơ ƩơƽƢǠǳơ ƨǸȈǫ ƢǷ ǂǰǨȇ ǹƗ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǹƿƛ ǕƢƼǸǴǳ ǲȇƾǼǷ :ǝǁƢǌǳơ ƨȇȁơǃ Ŀ ǺȇƿƢƸǌǳơ ƾǼǟ ƧƽȂƳȂŭơ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƩƢȈƳƢƸǴǳ :ƢŮ ǲưǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢǼƬȈǐƼǋ ǺǷ ƔǄƳ Ȇǿ ǽǀȀǯ ƔƢȈǋƗ .ǄȇǄǟ ǹƢǈǻƛ ƧǁȂǏ ƨŻƾǫ ƨǳƢǇǁ ƢĔƢǰǷ ǲƬŢ ƢǿƢǻƾǬǧ ơƿƛ .ƢĔȁƾƥ ƧƢȈūơ ǁȂǐƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ȏ .ƢǻƾǈƳ ƔƢǔǟƗ ǺǷ Ȃǔǟ ƢǼȈǧ Śưƫ ǹƗ ƢǿǁȁƾǬǷ Ŀȁ ƩƢȇǂǯǀǳƢƥ ƨǘƦƫǂǷ ƢĔȋ ƢǼǳ Ȇǿȁ .ȃǂƻƗ ƔƢȈǋƗ ơƆǁȂǧ .ǁƢǰǧȋơ ǲǯ .ǽƔơǄǟƗ ǾǼǟ ơȁƾǠƥƗ ǾǈƥȐǷ ǾƫơƽƢǟ ǾƬȈƥ ǾǼǷ ơȂƦǴǇ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ơȁǁȂǐƫ ǹȉơ Ȃǿ ƔȆǋ Ǿǳ ȄǬƦȇ ȏ .ƨǣǁƢǧ Ƨǂǌǫ ȏƐ ƛ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ơǀȀǯ ǹƢǈǻƛ .Ǿǳ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ǲǯ ƔȆǋ .ƔȆǈǳơȁ ƾďȈŪơ śƥ ǩďǂǨƊ ȇĄ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƽȂǠȇ ȏȁ ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǷơǂǯ Ǿǳ ȄǬƦƫ ȏ ǄƳƢǟȁ ǆȈǠƫ ƨǗƢǈƦƥ ǾǼǷ ƪăƦǴĉǇĄ ƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾƬȈǐƼǋ śǟ ƨǧǂǗ Ŀ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǾǼǷ ƤĉǴǇĄ ǺăǷ ŚǰǨƫ ǹȁƾƥ ǾƬƫƢǷƜƥ ǁơǂǬǳơ ǲȀǈǳơ ǺǷ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ǖăƸǼąǷĄ ǩȂǴű ńƛ ǱȂƸƬȇ .ƨȈǿƢǼƬǷ ǾȈǴǟ ǶƊǰƸ ą ȇĄ ǱơȂƷȋơ ǺǈƷƗ Ŀ .ǹƢǈǻƜǯ ǾȈǳƛǂǜǼǳơ ǃȂŸ ȏ ơǀȀǯ ǩȂǴƼŭ ǪƦǈǷ 28

ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ

ŘǠŭơ ǶȀǨǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹȉơ ƢŠǁ .ƨƸǴǐŭơ ƩơǁƢƦƬǟơ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƩȂŭơ ȁƗ ƧƢȈūƢƥ ǹƗ :ƨǴǸŪƢƥ ǾǼǟ ǂďƦǠă ǻĄ ǹƗ ƾȇǂǻ ƢǷ ǹȉơ ǶȀǨĄȇ ƢŠǁȁ ."ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǂǰǈǠǷ":ǶǇȐǳ ƱȁƽǄŭơ .ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ ǹȂǰǻ ƢƆũơ ƢǻȂǘǟƗ ơǀǰǿȁ .174517 Ȇũơ .ǢǼȈǴƬǧƢǿ řǻƗ ƪǸǴǠƫ (ŚǇƗ) Häftling Ń ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ȃǂǈȈǳơ Ƣǻƾȇ ȄǴǟ ƨǫȂǫƾŭơ ǥǂƷȋƢƥ ƩăǂǨĉ ƷĄ ƨǷȐǟ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ǵƢȇƗ ǱȂǗ ǾǴǸŴ ǂƻȉơ Ɣơǁȁ ơƆƾƷơȁ ǦǏ Ŀ ƢǻȂƦƫǁ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨǟǂǈƥ Ļ ȅǀǳơ ǩƾǳơ ƾǼǟ ŃȋƢƥ ǂǠǋƗ Ƨǂƥƛ ǾǧǂǗ Ŀ ǲȈǷǃƛ ǽƾȇ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ǖȈǌǻ ǲǷƢǟ ƣǂǫ ƢǻǁǂǷ .ƔƢƥ Ǧǳȋơ ƤȈƫǂƫ ƤǈƷ ǂȀǜĄǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǂǇ Ŀ ƢǼǻȂǴƻƾĄȇ ǱƢǨƬƷȏơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǶĔƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ơƆƾƳ ƧŚǐǫ ŕƷ ƨǔƦǬǳơ ƩƢƥǂǓ ǺǷ Śưǰǳơ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǞǬƫȁ ƧŚưǯ ǵƢȇƗ ǂŤ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơȁ ǄƦŬơ ǀƻƘǻ Ƕǫǂǳơ ǂŤ .ǵƢǠǘǳơ ƩƢƦƳȂǳ ƨȈǷȂȈǳơ ƨǠȇǃȂƬǳơ ǲǫǂǠǻ ȏ ŕƷ ƨǟǂǈƥ Ƕǫǂǳơ ǂȀǜĄǻ ǹƗ ǶǴǠƬǻ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƧƾǷ .ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴǳƢƥ Ƕǫǂǳơ ƶȈƸǏ ǲǰǌƥ ǚǨǴǻ ǹƗ ǶǴǠƬǻ ŕƷ ǁȂȀǋȁ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ ŖǟƢǇ ǞǓƗ ƪǼǯ ƮȈƷ ȃǂǈȈǳơ ȅƾȇ ńƛ ǂǜǻƗ ǹƗ ǂƷ ǹƢǈǻƛ ƧƽƢǠǯ ƪǴǏơȁ .ȅƾǴƳ Ŀ ƢǿȁǂǨƷ Ŗǳơ ƔƢǫǁǄǳơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ƪƬƦǻ ƨǟƢǈǳơ Ǳƾƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ǵƢǫǁȋ *ƩȂŭơ ǶǴǟ ǁơǂǇƗ Ɔơƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ƢǼǔǠƥ ǶǴǠƫ ǲȇȂǗ ƪǫȁ ǂǷ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ ƩơǂǰǈǠŭơ ȄǷơƾǫ .ƢƥȁǁȁƗ Ŀ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ƧƽƢƥƛ ǲƷơǂǷ ǎƼǴƫ Ŗǳơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ǮǴƫ ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ƢǼǿ ǺǷȁ ƧǂǨȈǋ ƨȇƗ Ŀ ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ŕǷ :ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǶȀǼǷ ǶǴǠƬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ 30000 ǺǷ ǵƢǫǁȋơ Ɣơǃƛ ǵơǂƬƷȏơ ǥȂƻ ǆŹ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ.ƪƠƳ ƽȐƥ ƨȇƗ ǺǷ ǥǂǠǻ ƶƬǧ ƾȈǨŭơ ǺǷ .ƢȈǻȂǳȂƥ ƩơȂƬȈǣ ƢȇƢǬƥ Ƕǿȁ .ƩƢƠǷ Ƨƾǟ ǖǬǧ ǶȀǠǷ ȆǬƥ 80000 ńƛ .ǹȂǠƥǁƗ ǖǬǧ ǶȀǼǷ ȆǬƥ .117000 ȁƗ 116000 ǞǷ ǶǴǰƬǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ śǼȈǠǳơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ƣƢƸǏƗ .ƺǨǳơ Ŀ ơȂǘǬǈȇ ǹƗ ǶĔƢǰǷƜƥ Ƕǿ .ȆǰȈǻȂǳƢǇ ǺǷ ǹȂȈǻƢǻȂȇ ǶȀǼǰǳȁ Ŀ "ǂǔŬơ" ȁƗ ǊȈŪơ Ŀ ƽƾŪơ ƽȂǼŪơ ǲưǷ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƪǰǼǴǳ ǝȂǓȂǷ Ƕǿ ƧŚƦǰǳơ ƧƽƢȈǠǳơ Ŀ ǶĔƗ Ǯǫƾǐȇ ƨǳȂȀǈƥ .ǲǨǤǷȁ ǪŧƗ .ǉǂǯ ȁƿ ǲƳǁ Ȃǿ ŚƦǯ Ƕǫǁ .ƨǠǷƢŪơ ǒǯǂȇȁ ǝǂǈȇ ǹƗ ǾǠǼǬƫ ƨǳȂȀǈƥ .ƨǇƢǈūơ ǲƳǁȋơ ƣƢƸǏȋ ƨȇƾǴƳ ƨȇǀƷƗ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ǹƗ ǮǻƢǰǷƜƥ ."ǾȈǴǟ Ǿǳ ǚǧƢŢ" ŕƷ Ǿǳ ǎǐƼŭơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺƸǏ Ǯǳ ȄǬƦȇȁ ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ƧȁƢǈǫ ǂưǯȋơ ȂǧƢǰǳơ ńƛ ǾưǠƦƫ ǹƗȁ ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƭȐƯ ǲƥƢǬǷ ƨǬǠǴǷ Ǿǳ ǞȈƦƫ 29

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǾǇƗǁ

ȄǴǟ

ǦǬȇ

ǾǻƗ

ƶȈƸǏ

ǲǿȁ

(Ņ

ȃǂƳ

ơƿƢǷ)

:ǾǳƘǈƫȁ

ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǲǿȁ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ŚǌǬƬǳ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Kartoffelschälkommando Ǿƥ ƨǏƢŬơȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ńƛ ǵƢǸǔǻȍơ ǂƻƢǇ ǲǰǌƥ Ļō ƢǼǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ƾȇƾŪơ ǵƢǜǼǳơ ơǀǿ ǂǇ ńƛ ƢǼǳƢƻƽƛ ƨȈǴǸǟ ǲǯ Ǻǰǳȁ ȅƗ ƢȀȈǧ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƨǨȇǂǏ Ŀ ƢǻȂǼƴǇ ǶǋȂǳơ ǹơȂǼǟ ǂǨƷ ƨȈǴǸǟ ƪȀƬǻơ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ȆǌƷȁȁ ŅơȂƷ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƢȀȈǴǟ ǆǴų ȁƗ ƢȀǈŶ ǹƗ ƢǻȂǠǼǷ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨƦƫǂǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƧċǂǇĉ ȋơ .ǹƢǈǻƛ .ǊǘǠǳơ ǺǷ ƣơǀǠǳơ ƢǼǴǏơȁȁ ƨǣǁƢǨǳơ ƨǬȈǔǳơ ƨƷƢǈǳơ Ŀ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ƢǼǳȂš ǵȂȇ Ǧǐǻ ơƾƥ ƶƫƢǧ ǂǠǋ ȁƿ ǦȈŴ Śǐǫ ƨǘǫǂǷ ǆƥȐŠ ƣƢǋ ǲƻƽȁ ƣƢƦǳơ ƶƬǨǻơ ƾǫ Ƣǿȁ ƢǿƢǼǳƘǇ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƨǴƠǇƗ ƢǼǿơȂǧƗ Ŀȁ ǾȈǴǟ ƢǼǸƴǿ .ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ǶǴǰƬȇ .ơƆƾƳ ƢƆȇǁƢǔƷ .ƣơȂƳ ǹȁƾƥ ǒǠƦǳơ ƢǼǔǠƦǳ ǁȂǷƗ Ŀ ƨǴȀƳ ƽƾƳ ǺŴ .ǶǴǰƬȇ ǹƗ ǃȂŸ ƢǼǿ ƾƷƗ ȏ :ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ƤȈŸ Ȃǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ǞȈǸŪơ ǹƗ ƣƢƷǂƬƥ ƢǼǳ ǎǬȇ ƆƢưƦǟ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơȁ ƪǫȂǳơ ƺǘǴǻ ǹƿƛ ơƿƢŭ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǾǻƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƧƽƢȈǠǳơ ǺǷ ǵȂȈǳơ ƱǂƼȈǇ Ȃǿ .ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ǹȁƽȂǠȇȁ .ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ (ƢǿƽȂƳȂƥ ǺǷȁƗ ǹƗ ǺǰŤƗ Ń ƨǴȈǴǫ ǵƢȇƗ ƾǠƥ Ƣđ ǢǳƢƦǷ ƨƳơǀǈƥ) ǾƬǳƘǇ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǺǷ ǁǂŰ ǞǷȁ ƔơǄȀƬǇȏơ ǾȈǴǟ ơƾƥ ǾȀƳȁȁ ǮƸǓ ǹƢǼǇȋơ ƩƢȇƢǋǂǧ ƢǼǳ ǹȁƾȈǠȈǇ ơȂǻƢǯ ơƿƛ ƾȈǌǼǳơ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ– Vous n'êtes pas à la maison :řƥƢƳƗ ơǀǿ ǹȂƳǂţ ȏ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ƢƆƸǐǷ ǆȈǳ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿȁ ƪȈƦǳơ Ŀ ǶƬǈǳ :ǞȈǸŪơ ǽƾȈǠȇ ȅǀǳơ .(ƾǠƥ ƢǸȈǧ ǶȀǨǻ ǵȐǰǳơ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ) ǪȇǂǘǴǳ Ɛȏƛ ǭƢƦǌǳơ Ɣơǁȁ ƨǗȂƥǂǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƲǴƯ ƨǴƬǰƥ ƪǷƾǘǏơ řȈǟ .ƢǼȈǴǟ ƤǴǤƫ ƘǸǜǳơ ǶǠǻ ƨǴƬǯ ƪǘǬǇ ȆǴƥƢǬǷ ƆȏƢƷ Ǻǰǳȁ ƲǴưǳơ ƨǴƬǯ ƪǴǐǧ ǭƢƦǌǳơ ƪƸƬǧ .ƾȈǳơ ǱȁƢǼƬǷ Ŀ ȅƾȇ ǺǷ ƢȀǨǘƻ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǱȂš ŚƦǯ ƾƷơȁȁ ƧŚƦǯ ȃǂƻƗ ƲǴƯ Hier ist kein .ȅƾǳ Ŗǳơ ƨǰȈǯǂǳơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǾƬǳƘǇ ơƿƢŭWarumƨǛƢǜǨƥ .ǲƻơƾǳơ ńƛ ƨǛƢǜǧ Ŀ řǠǧƽȁ řƥƢƳƗ -ơƿƢŭ Ǳơƚǈǳơ ǃȂŸ ȏ ƢǼǿ Warum

30

ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ

ƣƢƦǇȋơȁ ǝȂǼŲ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ǖȈǈƥ Ȃǿ ǥǂǬŭơ ƭƽƢūơ ơǀŮ ŚǈǨƬǳơ ǹȂǷǄǴǷ ǺƸǼǧ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ ƨƦǣǁ ƢǼȇƾǳ ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǶȈǫƗ Ǯǳǀǳ ƿƛ .ƨȈǧƢƻ ƪǈȈǳ .ǾƬǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ ƗƾƦŭơ ơǀǿ ǶȀǨǻȁ ǝǂǈǻ ǹƗ Qui non ha luogo il Santo Volto, qui si nuota altrimenti che nel Serchio2 ǆǸǌǳơ .ǶǼȀƳ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ǵȂȇ -ǲȇȂǘǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ ơǀǿ ǾƬȇƢĔ ńƛ ǲǐȇ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƌƾȇȁǁ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ǹȂƸǸǈȇ ǲǿ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǺǷ ƢǼǻȂƳǂź ƆơŚƻƗȁ .ǵƾǳơ ǵȂȈǣ ǺǷ ǖȈǴƻ Ŀ ƣǂǤƫ ǄǯǂǷ Ŀ ƨƦƷǂǳơ ƨƷƢǈǳơ ńƛ ƢǼǻȁƽȂǬȇȁ ǥȂǨǏ Ŀ ƢǼǻȂǸǜǼȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ .ȏ ƣǂǌǻ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ .ƨǴǷƢǯ ƨǟƢǇ ǀƻƘȇ ǂǷȋơ .ǞƥǂǷ Ŀ ƢǼǻȂƦƫǂȇ ƨȈǿƢǼƬǷ ƨǫƾƥ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ .ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ǹȁǂǜƬǼȇ ƾȀǌŭơ .ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƨȈǨǗƢǟ ƨȈǼǣƗ ơƾǻȂǷǃȁǁ :ƢƆǼū ǥǄǠȇ ǩȂƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƨƥơȂƥ ƣǂǫ ǒǠƦƥ ƢǼǈǈƷƗ .ǂǷȋƢƥ ǦƼƬǈǻȁ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǂǜǼǻ ƢǼǻƗ ƾƷ ńƛ Ƥȇǂǣ ƨǧȁǄǠǷ ƪȀƬǻơ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǠȇƾƻ ȏƐ ƛ ǆȈǳ ǾǴǯ ơǀǿ ƢŠǁ .ƱơǂǨǻȏơ ƢǼǫƢǧǁ ƩƢǟȂǸů ƩƢǟȂǸů ǂȀǜƫ ƧƘƴǧ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ȃǂƻƗ ƢƆǻƢūƗ ǞǸǈǻ ơƾǻȂǷǃȁǂǳơ Śǣ ƨƦȇǂǣ ǶȀƬȈǌǷ ƨǈŨ ƨǈŨ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŝ ơƆƾƷơȁ ǹȂǌŻ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǺǷ ǹȁƾƟƢǠǳơ ƨȈǇƢǬǳơ ƢȀǷƢǈƳƗ ƩƢǟơǄǧ ǲƥ ơƆǂǌƥ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ƨǴȈǬƯ ǶēơȂǘƻ ƨȈǠȈƦǗ .ǺƸǴǳơ ƧŚƫȁ ƤǈƷ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǹȂǌŻ ǶĔƛ .ǵƢǜǠǳơ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǼǐǷ ǦǬƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƧŚƦǰǳơ ƨƷƢǈǳơ Ŀ ŅƢưǷ ǵƢǜǻ Ŀ ƢǼǴưǷ ǶǿǁȂǷƗ ǹȂƦƫǂȇ Ƕǿ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǹȂǐƸǨȇ ȃǂƻƗȁ ƧǂǷ ǹȁƾǠȇ ƨǟƢǇ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǱȐƻ .ƾĈ Ǡǳơ ƗƾƦȇ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǟȂǸĐơ ơƆǂȇǂǬƫ ǵƾǬȇ ƨǘǘű ǆƥȐǷ ǞǷ ǎƼǋ ńƛ ǹȂȀƳȂƬȇ ǶȀǴǯȁ Ǯǳƿ ȄǴǟ ǹȁƽȂǠȇȁ .Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǯ ƢƆȈǳƢƬǫ ơƆƽƢƬǟ ǹȂǴǸŹ Ǻȇǀǳơ .ǅƛ .ǅƛơ ƽȂǼƳ ƨǟȂǸĐ ǅƾǬŭơ ƤȈǴǐǳơ ǀǬǼĄȇ ȏ ƢǼǿ 2 ȂȈǯǂǇ ǽƢȈǷ Ŀ ơȂƸƦǇ ƢǸǯ ƢǼǿ ơȂƸƦǈȇ Ń (ȅŚǤȈǳƗ Ŗǻơƽ) 31

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǞǸąǈȇĄ .ƩƢǗȐǈǷȁ ǲȇƽƢǼǬƥ ơƆƾȈƳ ƔƢǔǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǸǴǜǳơ ƪƐǴƷ ƾǬǳ .ȄǓȂǨǳơ ƽȂǈƫȁ ƩƢǿƢšȏơ ǲǯ Ŀ ǩǂǨǳơ ǩǂǨƬƫ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ "Absperre":ƹơǂǏ ƢǻƗ .ǙȂƸǴǷ ƾȀŝ ǶȀǴƳǁƗ ǹȁǂƳǂŸ ǶȀǴǯ ƨǜǨǳơ ƨǟơǄǨǳƢǯ ȆǌŻ ƾƷƗ ȏ ǹȉơ .ǾǷơǄŞ ƨǗȂƥǂǷ ƧŚƦǯ ƶȈǨǏ ƨƦǴǟ ƾƷơȁ ǲǰǳ ǹƗ ǚƷȏƗ ňƢǈǻƛ ƩȂǏ Ǻǟ ǪȇƾǏ ǾƳȁ Ǻǟ ǊƬǨǻ ǺȇŚưǯ ǅƢǻƘƥ ǹȂǗƢŰ ƽƾŪơ ǺŴ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǖƟƢƷ ńƛ ǺȇƾǼƬǈǷ ǹƢǈǴŸ ǹƢƥƢǋ .Ƣǻƾǋǂȇ ƾƷƗ Ǻǟ ǁƢƷ ǹƢƻȂǨǼǷ ƢŷƢȀƳȁȁ ƢǸȀȇƾȇƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨǇƽƢǈǳơ ƢǼƥơ ƆơƾƳ ǹƢƥƢǋ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ǱƘǈȇ ƆơŚƻƗȁ .ǶȀǨǳơ Ŀ ƶųƗ Ń .ƨǴƠǇƗ Ƨƾǟ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǱƘǈȇȁ ǂƻȉơ ȅƽƢǼȇ ƢŷƾƷƗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ŖǤǳ Ǻǰǳȁ ƧŚưǯ ƨǴƠǇƗ ƪǻƢǯ ȅƾǼǟ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ƪ Ą ƦƳƗ– Italien.ƢǼƠƳ ǺȇƗ ǺǷ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨǨȈǠǓ ƪǻƢǯ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƪǻƗ .ňȂǳȂƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ ǶǠǻ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƪǻƗ ƪǫȂǳơ ǺǷ Ƕǯ .ǞƥƢǏƗ ƭȐƯ ƢƆǠǧơǁ ƤȈŸ ƩơȂǼǇ ƭȐƯ ǺǷ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ řǠȇ ơǀȀǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ƢƆǟǄǟǄǷ ǂǰǧƗ ǲƻƽ ƢǷƾǼǟ ơƆƾǳȁ ǹƢǯ ǾǻƗ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ .ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ȄǬƦȇ ǲǸǠƫ ơƿƢǷ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŹ (ǁƢǻ ƾȇƾƷ) Eisen, Feuer .ǶȀǧƗ ȏ (ƽơƾƷ) Schlosser.ƽơƾƷ Ȃǿ ǹƿƛ .ǹơƾǼǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨǫǂǘŭƢƥ ƣǂǔȇ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ Ǿȇƾȇ ǭǂŹȁ ǂǈǨȇ .ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ ǾǇƗǁ ǭǂŹ Ȃǿȁ .ǾǤǴƥƗ (ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ ƢǻƗ) Ich Chemiker.ƾȈǠƦǳơ ǲƦǬƬǈŭƢƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ơǀǿ ǲǯ Ǻǰǳȁ (ƾȈƳ ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ) Chemiker gut !ǊǘǠǳơ řǴƬǬȇ ƢƆȈǳƢƷȁ

32

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ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƨȇƾƳ ǾƳȁ ƶǷȐŠ Ņƛ ǂǜǼȇ .Ǿǳ ǱȂǫƗ -ƔƢǷ ƢǻƾǼǟ ǆȈǳ ǺŴ ƔƢŭơ ƣǂǌǻ ǹƗ .ƢȀǸȀǧƗ ȏ ƩƢǸǴǯ ǦȈǔȇȁ "ǲȈǷǃ Ƣȇ ƔƢŭơ ƣǂǌƫ ȏ" :ƾȈǯƘƬƥ ǱȂǬȇȁ ƨǷǁƢǏ ơƿƢŭ ?Warum ǹƗ ǱȁƢŹ "ƹȂǨǼǷ" ǶȀǧƗ Ń .ȆǇƗǁ ǄǿƗ ƢǻƗ .ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ƤȈŸ Geschwollen .ƹȂǨǼǷ ǹȂǳƢƥ ƨǳƢƷ ǾȇƾȈƥ ǶǇǂȇȁ ǾǼǘƥ ȄǴǟȁ ǾȀƳȁ ȄǴǟ Ǿȇƾȇ Ǟǔȇ .ǾȈƬǼƳȁ ƺǨǼȇ .ƢƆȈǧǂƷ ǶƳǂƫƗ ƢǻƗ "ƔƢǈǷ ǵȂȈǳơ ŕƷ ǂǜƬǻơ " Warten bis heute abend ǺȇƗ" :ǱƘǇ .Ȇũơ ƢǷ Ǿǳ ƪǴǫ ."ƪǻơȁ" .Ņ ǱƢǫ ."ǾŻȂǴǋ ƢǻƗ" .ƢǼǧǁƢǠƫ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ƶǓȁƗ ƢǻƗ "ǶǠǻ" ."ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ ƽȂȀȇ" ǺƴȀƬǈȇ ǾŻȂǴǋ .ƪƦƳƗ ."ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ" ."ǮǷƗ .ǶȀǧȁ ."ƣȁǂŮơ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ǶȀǧǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƨƠƦƬű" .ƨǰȈǯǁ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǤǴƥ .ȆǫƢǼş ǮǈŻ ǦǇȋơ .ƨŭƢǰŭơ ƪȀƬǻơ .ƨǫǂƥ řǬǻƢǟȁ řǷ ƣǂƬǫơ ǵƢǫ ǾŻȂǴǋ śǏǂǳơ ǾƳȂǳơ ǆǻƗ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ .ǾŻȂǴǋ ǂưǯƗ ǁƗ Ń .ƤǴǬǳơ ƤȈǗ ǾȈǴǟ ǦǇȋơ .ƩȂŭơ ƨǧƢƷ ȄǴǟ řǴƦǬƬǇơ ȅǀǳơ ƣƢǌǴǳ ǪȈǫǂǳơȁ ŘƦǷ Ǻǟ Ƨǂǰǧ ƢǻƾǼǟ ƪƸƦǏƗ .ǽƢǼǸǴǠƫ Śưǰǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢȀǸǴǠƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ƧŚưǯ ǁȂǷƗ ƨȈǴƻơƾǳơ Ŀ .ǭȐǇȋơ ǺǷ Ǻȇǁơƾŝ ǕƢŰ .ǞǴǓ ǲǰǳ ǂƬǷ ƨƟƢǸƬǇ ǺǷ ǞƥǂǷ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ "ƩƢǯȂǴƥ" ƢȀũơ ƤǌŬơ ǺǷ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǹȂƬǇ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǱƢǟ ǂƫȂƬƥ ƔƢƥǂȀǯ ǭƢǼǿ œȇǂš ǝȁǂǌǷ .ƺƦǘŭơ ňƢƦǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǦǬƫ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ .ƔƢǼƦǳơ ǁȂǗ Ŀ Ƨǂǌǟ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƾƷơȁ .ǒȈƷơǂŭơȁ ƩƢǷƢǸƸǴǳ ǦƟơǂǏ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ƨǏƢƻ ƩơǃƢȈƬǷơ ƨǟȂǸů ǾȈǧ ǲǸǠƫ ƢȀǼǷ ƨȈǻƢť Ŀ .ƨǏƢƻ ǵƢǈǫƗ ǞǓȂǸƬƫ ƩƢǯȂǴƥ Ƨƾǟ Ŀ .ƩƢǯȂǴƥ ƨȈǻƢť ȁƗ ƨƬǇ ǲǰǳ Ǳơ ƨǠƥǁƗȁ ǹȁǂǌǟ Ƕǫǁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ .ƩƢȈǨǌƬǈǷȁ ƩơƽƢȈǟ ǭƢǼǿ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǩǂǋ ȄǐǫƗ Ŀ ȅƗ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǾȈǳƛ ǲƻƾȇ Ń ȅǀǳơ 7 Ƕǫǁ ǭȂǴƥ .ƣǂŪơ ȄǓǂŭ ƾǠǷ Krätzeblock ǶȀȇƾȇƗ Ŀ Ǻȇǀǳơ ȃǂǇȋơ ƨȈǗơǂǬƬǇǁƗ ȅƗ Prominenz Ǳ ǎǐű ǎƼǋ Reichsdeutsche-Ǳơ ǾȈǧ Ǻǰǈȇ ȅǀǳơ ǹȂǠƥǁƗȁ ƨǠƦǇ ǭȂǴƥ .ƨȈǳƢǟ ƩƢǸȀǷ ǅȂǧƢǰǴǳ-ǹȂǠƥǁƗȁ ƨǠǈƫ ǭȂǴƥ (ǹȂȈǇƢȈǇ ȁƗ ǹȂȈƟƢǼƳ ȃǂǇƗ Ǿȇǁƕ ǱȂǏƗ ǺǷ ǹƢŭƗ) ǾǴƬŢ ǾǨǐǻȁ ǅȂǧƢǰǳơȁ Reichsdeutsche -Ǳơ ǾǴƬŹ ǂǌǟ ƢǼƯơ ǭȂǴƥ .ǖǬǧ 33

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƨǠƦǇ ǭȂǴƥ .ƨȈǧƢǓƛ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ŚȀǘƬǳơ ǩȂƸǈǷȁ ǢƦƬǳơ Ƕǈǫ ƢȀȈǧ Ŗǳơ ƢǼȈƬǻƢǰǳơ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǹȁƚǌǳ ƤƬǰǷȁ ȅǂǰǈǠǳơ ǂȇƾŭơ ƤƬǰǷ:ƤƫƢǰŭơ ƾƳȂǼƫ ǾȈǧ ȅǀǳơ ǹȂƯȐƯȁ ơǀǿ ǹȋ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƨǬǴǤǷ ǾǰȈƥƢƦǋ ȅǀǳơ ǹȁǂǌǟȁ ƨǠǈƫ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ơƆŚƻƗȁ Ȃǿȁ .ƩƢȈǻȂǳȂƥ ƩƢƥƢǋ ǾȈǧ ǲǸǠƫȁ ǶȈƼŭơ ǁȂƻƢǷ– ƔƢǈǼǳơ ǭȂǴƥ Frauenblock ńƛ ƨǸǈǬǷ śȇƽƢǠǳơ ȃǂǇȋơ Ǻǰǈǳ ƩƢǯȂǴƦǳơ Reichsdeutsche Ǳ ǎǐű .ǾǫƢǧǁȁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǆȈƟǁ Ǻǰǈȇ ƮȈƷ ƨƷƢƦǳơ -Tagesraum ƢǿƾƷƗ Ŀ śǸǈǫ ƩƢȈƳƢƷȄǓȂǧ Ŀ ƧǁȂǌǼǷ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀȁ ƾǟƢǬǷ ȆǇơǂǯ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƨǳȁƢǗ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨȈǟƢǼǘǏơ ǁƢǿǃƗ ǵȂǇǁ ƩȐůȁ ǦƸǏ ƩƢǏƢǐǫȁ ǁȂǏȁ ƨƻǁƢǏ ǹơȂǳƘƥ ƨƦȇǂǣ Ŀ .ƨǧƢǜǼǳơȁ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơȁ ǵƢǜǼǳơ ƾƴŤ ǂǠǋ ƩƢȈƥƗȁ ǱƢưǷƗȁ ƩơǁƢǠǋ ǹơǁƾŪơ ȄǴǟȁ – Blockfrisör ǂǠǌǳơ ǎǫ ƧĈƾǟĉ ƢȀȈǧȁ ƱƢƳǄǳơ ǺǷ ƨǻơǄƻ ǭƢǼǿ ƢȇơȁǄǳơ ȃƾƷƛ ƨȈǻƢưǳơȁ ƢƆȈǴƻơƽ ƨǣǁƢǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ǕƢǘŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢƫƢǐǟ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǁȁƾǫ -ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǩƐȐƷ ňƢưǳơ ǶǈǬǳơ Ŀ .ǞƦǘǳƢƥ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơȁ ǵƢǜǼǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴǳ ǹȐǸǠƬǈƫ Ƣŷȁ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƢǸǯ ƧŚƦǯ ƨǧƢưǰǳơ .ǪƥơȂǗ ƨƯȐƯ Ŀ ƢƆǼȈƴǇ ǹȂǠƥǁƗȁ ƨȈǻƢťȁ ƨƠǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ȃǂǇȋơ ƾƳȂȇ ƾƳȂƫ ǮƟơǁȋơ śƥ .ƨǧƢưǰƥ ƨǴǤƬǈǷ ƶǘǈǳơ ŕƷȁ ǖƟƢūơ ƨǬǘǼǷ ǲǯ .ǲƸǼǳơ ƨȈǴƻ Ŀ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǲǯ Ŀ ǹȂǈŨȁ ǹƢƬƠǷ ǹƢƬƠǷ .ƔƢǘǈƦǳơ ȃǂǇȋơ ǊȈǠȇ ƢǼǿ .ƩơǂŲ ƭȐƯ ǪȈǫƽ Ǌǫ ǁȂưǼǷ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟȁ ƤǌŬơ ǺǷ ƨȈǼƦǷ ƨǰȇǁȋơ .ƨǰȇǁƗ ǲǯ Ŀ ǹƢǼƯơ .ǹƢƬȈǻƢǘƥȁ ƨǣǁƢǨǳơ ǂǸŭơ ƨƷƢǈǷ .ƢƆǠǷ ǹƢǼƯơ ǂŻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǾǻƗ ƾƷ ńƛ ƨǬȈǓ ƩơǂǸŭơ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ǾȈǧ ƢƆǠǷ ơȂǻȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ơȂǈȈǳ ǾǈǨǻ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǹƢǰǇ ǹƗ ƨƳǁƽ ńƛ ơƆƾƳ ƨǬȈǓ .ǾǻƢǰǇ ǺǷ Ǻǰƫ Ń ơƿƛ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ǞǼǷ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ƧǂËǇĉ ȋơ Ŀ ǶȀǨǐǻ ǞƴǘǓơ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǠǸƬŸ ǭƢǼǿ .ǥơǂǗȋơ ƨǠǇơȁ ƽȂǼŪơ Ǧǐǳ ƨƷƢǇ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǄǯǂǷ Ŀ ƨǬǘǼǷ ǭƢǼǿ ƾǠǳơ ƨƷƢǇ ǲƥƢǬǷ .ƾǠǴǳ ǹȂǨǬȇ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ǲƟƢǐǧ ƤȈǯǂƬǳ .ƨƳƢūơ ƤǈƷ ǵơƾǟȍơ ƧƾǸǟƗ ǹȂǸȈǬȇ ƢȀȈǴǟ Ƣđ ŘƬǠǷ ƣƢǌǟƗ ƔƢǼƴǇ :ƩƢǟȂǸů ƭȐƯ ńƛ ǹȂǸǈǬǼȇ ƩơǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹƢǰǇ ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ ƨǟǂǈƥ .ǢǼǴƦǿ ǶȀǴǯ .ƨǘǫǂǷ ǆƥȐǷ ǹȂǈƦǴȇ ǶȀǴǯ .ƽȂȀȈǳơȁ ǹȂȈǇƢȈǇ ƔƢǼƴǇ ǹȂȈƟƢǼƳ 34

ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ

ǂǔƻƗ ƮǴưǷ ǾƦǻƢŝȁ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ƨƦǫ ȄǴǟ ǖċȈƼ ă ǷĄ Ƕǫǁ śȈƟƢǼƴǴǳ .ƔơȂǇ ơȂǈȈǳ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ƔơǂǨǐǳơ ƽȁȁơƽ ƨǸų ǶȀƬǷȐǟ ƨȇǂưǯȋơ Ƕǿȁ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǂŧƗ ƮǴưǷ śȈǇƢȈǈǴǳ ƆơǁƽƢǻ ǹȁǂĄȇ .ǶȈƼŭơ ƱǁƢƻ Ƕǿ ƧƽƢǟȁ ǺȇŚưǯ ơȂǈȈǳ ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǱƢƳǁ .ƔơǂǸūơȁ Ƕǿȁ ǶǿȁƾǟƢǈǷ .ǹȁƙƢǌȇ ƢǷ ƢǼƥ ǹȂǴǸǠȇȁ ǂǔŬơ ǹȂưǴưŭơ Ƕǿ :ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƽƢȈǇƗ ƢƆȈǴǸǟ .śȇǂƻȋơ śƬǟȂǸĐơ ǺǷ ǹȁƾǼů .ǲƟȐǫ ơȂǈȈǳ ȏ ǹƗȁ Jawohl : ƤȈų ǹƗ ǾǠƦǗ ƤǈƷ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ Ǯǳǀǯ ǺŴ -ǹȉơ .ǵȂȀǨǷ ǂǷȋơ ǹƗ ƢƆǟƢƦǘǻơ ȆǘǠǻ ǹƗ .ƪǫȁ ǲǯ Ŀ ƆƢǸƟơƽȁ ƨǴƠǇȋơ ǱƘǈǻ ǺƸǐǳơ .ƨƥǁȂǋ ƨǘǬǻ ŕƷ ǞȈǔƫ ȏ ƮȈŞ ƆƢǷƢŤ ǺƸǐǳơ ǦǜǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ǲǯȋơ ǺǷ ƨǘǬǻ ȏȁ ǖǬǈƫ ȏ ŕƷ ǲǯȋơ ƾǼǟ ǶǨǳơ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ǾǰǈŶ ƨƦƳȁ ǾƦǌƫ ȏ ǁƾǬǳơ ǺǷ ȄǴǟȋơ ǶǈǬǳơ ǺǷ ƩǀƻƌƗ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƨƦƳȁ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǁƾǬǳơ ǶƴƷ ƤǈƷ ǁƾǬĄǻ ǦȈǯ ƢǼǸǴǠƫȁ .ǾǴǨǇƗ ǺǷ ǀƻƚƫ Ŗǳơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ .ǾƬȇƢĔ Ŀ ǵƗ ǁȂƥƢǘǳơ ǱȁƗ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ǲǔǧȋơ ǖƥǂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ȅƾȇƾƷ ǮǴǈƥ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ȏƆ ƢǸǠƬǇơ ƔȆǋ ǲǰǳ ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ (ňȂǻƢǫ Śǣ ơǀǿ)ǆƥȐŭơ ǦǴǻ ǹƗ-ǩǁȂǳƢƥ śǴƳǂǳơ ƤǐǠǻ ǹƗ-ǩǂŬƢƥ Ɣơǀūơ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƆƢǔȇƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƽŐǳơ ƨȀƳơȂǷ ȄǴǟ ǲǔǧƗ ǲǰǌƥ ƾǟƢǈȇ ǦǘǠŭơ .ƢƆǠƦǗ .ǾƬǇơǂƷ ȄǴǟ ǦǬƫ Ń ƨǜƸǴǳ ơƿƛ ǩǂąǈȇĄ ǹƗ ƾǯƚŭơ ǺǷ ǲƥ .ǾƬǫǂǇ ǺǰŲ ǺǷ ƢǼƫƢȈƳƢƷ ǲǯ ńƛ ƾǼƬǈǷ ƢǼǇƗǁ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǵƢǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫȁ śǫơǂǈǳơ ǺǷ ǁǀūơ ƤŸ .ǦǘǠŭơ ǲƻơƽ ǥȂǨǴǷ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǲǯȋơ ǺƸǏ ŕƷȁ Ɣơǀūơ Ŀ .ǲǿǀǷ ǲǰǌƥ ƧƾǬǠŭơ ǶȈƼǸǴǳ ƨǷǁƢǐǳơ śǻơȂǬǳơ ǺǷ ơƆŚưǯ ǥǂǠǻ ƢǼƸƦǏƗ ƢǼǻƛ ǺǷ ǺȇǂƬǷ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƣơǂƬǫȏơ ǃȂŸ ȏ .ȄǐŢ ȏȁ ƾǠƫ ȏ ƩƢǟȂǼŲ ǭƢǼǿ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƨǠƦǬǳơ ǞǷ ȁƗ ƨȈǴƻơƾǳơ ƩơǁƢȈǤǳơ ǹȁƾƥ ȁƗ ǦǘǠǳƢƥ ǵȂǼǳơ ǝȂǼŲ ňƾǠŭơ ǮǴǈǳơ ǁơƾƳ – Nur für KaposǱ śǏƢŬơ ǵƢǸūơ ȁƗ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ǵƾƼƬǈƫ ȏ ǅƗǂǳơ ȄǴǟ ȏȁ (śȇǁȉơ ǹƢŭȌǳ) Nur für Reichsdeutsche ȁƗ (śǳȁƚǈǸǴǳ ǖǬǧ) ǃȂŸ ȏȁ .Ƣđ ƵȂǸǈŭơ ǵƢȇȋơ ǺǷ ȏƆ ƾƥ ƨǟȂǼǸŭơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ ƩƢǷƢǸūơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǳơ ǃȂŸ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ŀ ǩǁȂƥ ǆƥȐŭơ ƤȈǛȂƫ ǝȂǼŲ .ƨǟȂǧǂǷ ƨċƦǬƥ ȁƗ ƵȂƬǨǷ ǦǘǠŠ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǺǷ ƱȁǂŬơ .ǁƉ Ƣǟ ǶǈŪơ ǺǷ ȄǴǟȋơ ǶǈǬǳơȁ ȏƐ ƛ ǵƢǸƸƬǇȏơ ǝȂǼŲ .Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƨƠǧƾƬǳơ ǲȈƦǇ ǉơǂǨǳơ ƤȈƫǂƫ ƤŸ ƵƢƦǏ ǲǯ .ǪǘǼǷ Ƨǁƿ ƢȀȈǧ ǆȈǳ ǅȂǬǘƥ ǺŴ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƪȇǄƥ ƶǈŶ ǹƗ ƤŸȁ ƧƽȁƾǌǷ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦǳơ .ƨǷǁƢǏ ƨǸǜǻƗ ƤǈƷ ǲƷȂǳơ ǆƥȐŭơ Ǻǟ ǒǨǼǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǥǂƒǬǷĄ ƔȆǋ Ƣđ ǪǴǟ Ŗǳơ ƤȈǫƢƦǬǳơ ƩƢǼǯƢŭơ ƤŸ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ .(Ɨƾǐǳơȁ ƩȂȇǄǳơȁ ǹƢǿƾǳơ ǦȈǜǼƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǬǫƾȇ ȏ ơǀǿ ǲƥƢǬǷ) ǆƥƢȈǳơ ǪǴŴ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƪƦǈǳơ Ŀ .ǲƳǁȋơ ǦȈǜǼƫȁ ǲǸǬǳơ ƽȂƳȁ ǵƾǟ ƨƦǫơǂǷ Ŀ ǁȂƦǠǳơ ƨǈŨ ƢǼƫƢƬȈǯƢƳ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǹȂǐƸǨȇ ƾƷȋơ ǵȂȇ .ƢǼǫăǂƻĉ ƶŏǴǐǻȁ ǖȈŵ ǹƗ .ƢǼǻȂǫƿ ńƛ ƢǼǿ ǱȂƸƬƫ ƨƥȂǠǏ ǹȁƾƥ ǲǸąǠƫĄ ƧƽƢǟ Ŗǳơ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ƩƢƠǷ .ƣȂǴǘŭƢǯ ǁơǁǃƗ Ŀ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ƮȈƷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢȀǐǫ ƤŸ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƾȈǳơ ǂǧƢǛƗ ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛȁ ƨƦǠǏ ǲǯƢǌǷ ƨǘǇơȂƥ ǎǬĄƫ śǴƳǂǳơ ǂǧƢǛƗ) ƢǼǻƢǼǇƗ ǱƢǸǠƬǇơ ȏƐ ƛ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ ǂǨǷ ȏ ƧƽƢƷ ƨǳƕ ƢǼƫǃȂƷ ńƛ ǾƫƽƢǟȍ ƧȂǬǳơ ǱƢǸǠƬǇơ ƤŸ ƢǼǿ ǮǈƥȐǷ ǺǷ ǁǃ ƧƘƴǧ ǖǬǇ ơƿƛ .(ƣƢǬƦǬǳơ ƪǼǯ ơƿƛ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƪǫȁ ǲǯ Ŀ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ǮƫƢȈƳƢƷ ǲǯ ǮǠǷ ǲǸŢ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ .ǾǻƢǰǷ ȄǴǟ ƧȂǬƥ ǚǧƢŢ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ǮȀƳȁ ǲǈǤƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ."ǮƫƢȈƳƢƷ ȆǔǬƫ" ȁƗ ǲǈƬǤƫ ƢƆǘǣƢǓ Ɣơǀūơ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ .ƢĔȂǫǂǈȇ ǶĔƜǧ ȏƐ ƛȁ-śƬƦǯǂǳơ śƥ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƽȁƾǌǷ ǮƫƢȈƳƢƷ ǁƢƬţ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ƧŚƦǯ ƨƴǓ ǱȐƻ ǮƬǟǂǇ ǺƸƬąǸƫĄ ƢǼǿ .ƢǿŚȈǤƬǳ ǥȂǫȂǳơ ǮȈǴǟ ǹƗ ơƆǂƷ ƪǈǳ ǾƫǀƻƗ ƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ Ǯǻȋ Ǯǳ ƤǇƢǼŭơ (ƱȁǄǳơ ȏ) ǲǠǼǳơ ƨǟǂǈƥ .ǂƻƖƥ ǾǳƾƦƬǈƫ ƾǫȁ .ǱƢǠǼǳƢƥ ƗƾƦȇ ƩȂŭơ ǖȈǈƥ ǂǷƗ Ȃǿ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ Ɣơǀūơ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ǺǼǜȇ ȏȁ ƘǌǼƫ Śǈǳơ ǺǷ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ƨƾǟ ƾǠƥ .ȆǇƢǬǳơ ƤȇǀǠƬǴǳ ƧơƽƘǯ ƢǼƬȇǂưǯȋ ǱƢǠǼǳơ ƪǼȈƦƫ ƨǠǘǫ ƢŶƘǯ Śǈȇ ǹƗ ǂǘǔȇ ƨƥǂǔǳơ ǽǀđ ƤȈǏƌƗ ǺăǷ .Śǘƻ ƭȂǴƫ Ƣǿǂƻƕ ƨŭƚǷ ƵơǂƳ ǆȈǠƬǳơ ǊȈŪơ Ǯǳǀǳ ƤȇǂǤǳơ Ȇǌŭơ Ǯǳƿ ŚǈǨƫ ơǀđȁ ) ǾȈǴƳǂǳ ƨǗȂƥǂǷ ƾȇƾūơ ǺǷ ǲǰǳ Śƻȋơ ǲǐȇ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .(ƨȈǳƢǨƬƷơ ƧŚǈǷ Ŀ ǲǸǠǳơ ǺǷ ƔƢǈǷ ǲǯ ƽȂǠȇ ȅǀǳơ ǲƳǁȋơ ǽȂǬƷȏ ơƿƛ ƣǂĔ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳȁ ǾȈǳƛ ǾƳăȂƫĄ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơȁ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ƹƢǨƬǻȏơ ǪǸǠƫ ƢǸǴǯȁ ǹƢƼǨƬǼƫ ǽȐƳǁ .ǽȁƽǁƢǗ ơƿƛ ƣǂȀȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳȁ ƺǨƬǼƫ 36

ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ

ǺǷ ǂǨǷ ȏ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ƣƢǬƦǬǳƢƥȁ ƤǌŬƢƥ ǭƢǰƬƷȏơ ƤƦǈƥ . Ńȋơ ƽơƽǄȇ ơǀǰǿ ǶƸǴǳơ dicke Füsse ƤƦǈƥ ȄǨǌƬǈŭơ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ ȄǨǌƬǈŭơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǳơ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ơǀȀǯ Ǒǂŭ ǾǻƗ ǥȁǂǠŭơ ǺǷ ƮȈƷ ǵơƾǟȍƢƥ ƢƆǸǰƷ ŐƬǠȇ (śǴƳǂǳơ ƹƢǨƬǻơ) .ǅƛ .ǅƛơ ǱƢƳǂǳ ǥȁǂǠǷ ơǀǿȁ Ɣơȁƽ ƨǰƦǌƥ ǖƦƫǂǷ ǖǬǧ ǱƢĐơ ơǀǿ .ǲǸǠǳơ śǻơȂǫ ƶȈǸǴƬǳƢƥ Ȃǳȁ ǂǯǀǻ Ń ǹȉơ ŕƷȁ .ƽƾǠǳơ ƧŚưǯ ƢȇƢǔǫȁ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢǟȂǼǸŭơȁ śǻơȂǬǳơ ǺǷ ơƆŚƦƻ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ǒȇǂǸǯ Ǯƥ ơȂǧǂƬǠȇ ŕƷ .ȄǓǂŭơ ơƾǟ ƢǷ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ǞȈǸŪơ ǺŴ ǲǸǠǴǳ .ǹȁƽȂǠȇ ƔƢǈǷ ǲǯȁ ǹȂƳǂź ƵƢƦǏ ǲǯ ǶȈƼŭơ ǁơǂǇƗ ȄǴǟ ơƆƽƢƬǠǷȁ ƪŢ Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǟ śǈŨȁ ƨƠǷ ŕƷ ƢȀȈǧȁ (ǲǸǟ ƩƢǟȂǸů) ǅȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ŖƠǷ ńƛ ǹȂǟǃȂǷ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ǅƢǼǳơ ƨȈƦǴǣƗ .ƨƠȇƽǁ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƧƾȈƳ ǲǸǟ ƩƢǟȂǸů ǭƢǼǿ .ǂǷƕ ƧƽƢȈǫ Ŀ ƢƆǸƟơƽ śǴǷƢǠǳơ ǹȋ ƔƢƬǌǳơ Ŀ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ƤǠǏ ǲǸǠǳơ .ǢȇǂǨƬǳơȁ ǲȈǸƸƬǳơ śƟƢǼƥ ǺȇƽơƾƷ śȈƟƢƥǂȀǯ) śǐƬƼǸǴǳ ǲǸǟ ƩƢǟȂǸů ƢƆǔȇƗ ǭƢǼǿ .ƱǁƢŬơ ƨǠƥƢƫȁ "ƢǻȂƦǳơ" Ŀ ǶǈǬǳ ȁƗ Ǳȁƚǈŭ ƨǠƥƢƫ ƨǟȂǸů ǲǯȁ (łƗ śȈǰȈǻƢǰȈǷ śǗơĈǂƻ ǵƢǜǼǳơ ơǀǿ .ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƥ ȁƗ ǹƢŭƗ ƧƽƢǟ ƔƢǇƙǂǳơȁ ( Meister ( ƨǫǂǨǳơ ǆȈƟǂǳ ƧǂǋƢƦǷ (ƨƟƢǷ ǞƥǁƗ ȁƗ ƨƟƢťȐƯ)ǹȂȈǼȀŭơ ǹȂǐƬƼŭơ ǀƻƘȇ ȏ ǲǸǠǳơ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ŀ ǞƦǘǳƢƥ ǶƟƢǫ Ǿƥ ƨǗȂǼǷ -ǲǸǠǳơ Ƨǁơǃȁ-ArbeitsdienstǱ ǍƢƻ Ƕǈǫ .ƨǏƢƻ ƨǴǷƢǠǷ ȁƗ ơƆǃƢȈƬǷơ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ƨȈǼȀŭơ ƩƢǟȂǸĐơ Ŀ ǶȀůƽȁ ƔƢǼƴǈǳơ śƥ ǺǷ śǐǐƼƬŭơ ǁƢȈƬƻơ ƨǸȀǷ ƤǈƷ ƩơǁơǂǬǳơ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ Arbeitsdienst Ŀ .ƢǻȂƦǴǳ ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƧǁơƽȍƢƥ ƨǸƟơƽ ƨǴǏ ƩȐȈǔǨƫ ńƛ ƾǼƬǈƫ ŚȇƢǠŭơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǚƷȐĄȇ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ơƆŚưǯ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨȈưƦǟ ǆȈȇƢǬǷ Ŀ ƨȇǀǤƫ ƨǧƢǓƛ Ƥǈǯ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ǺǷ ǹƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƽƢǈǨǳơ ǺǷ ƨǨǴƬű ǱƢǰǋƗȁ ƨȈǐƼǋ .ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ƶȇǂǷ ǲǸǟ ǀƻƗ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ǺǷ Ȃǿ ǂǷȋơ ǂƻƕ ƩƢǟƢǇ ƨƥȂǈŰ ǁƢȀǼǳơ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǲǯ .ƨǼǈǳơ ǱȂǐǧ ƤǈƷ ŚǤƬȇ ǲǸǠǳơ ƧƾǷ ǱȂǗ ƆơǂȀǛ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ŕƷ ƢƆƷƢƦǏ ƨǼǷƢưǳơ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ǺǷ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ Ǯǳǀǳ .ǲǸǟ ƨǇƽƢǈǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟȁ.(ƔƢƬǌǳơ Ŀ)ƨǠƥơǂǳơ ŕƷ ǦǐǼǳơȁ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ǺǷȁ Ŀ) ƔƢǈǷ ƨǇƽƢǈǳơ ńƛ ơƆǂȀǛ ƧƾƷơȂǳơ ǺǷȁ ƆơǂȀǛ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ŕƷ ƢƆƷƢƦǏ ǦǐǼǳơȁ 37

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

.ǲȈǬưǳơ ƣƢƦǔǳơ ȁƗ ƨǸƬǠǳơ Ŀ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ƢƆǫȐǗƛ ǹȂǻȂǰȇ ȏ ƔƢǼƴǈǳơ .(ǦȈǐǳơ ȁƗ (ơƆŚưǯ ƭƾŹ ơǀǿȁ) ƲǴưǳơ ȁƗ ǂǘŭơ ǲǘǿ ơƿƛ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ ǲǸǠǳơ ǂǸƬǈȇ ǲƥƢǬŭƢƥ Ŀ ȁƗ ǵȐǜǳơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǞƦǘǳƢƥ ǂǷȋơ ƤƦǇ .ƩƢǧǂǰǳơ ǱƢƦƳ ǺǷ ƨȇȂǫ ƶȇǁ Ƥē ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƣǂǿ ƨǳȁƢŰ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ ƣƢƦǔǳơ ƨǻƢȈǐǳơ ǱƢǸǟƗ Ŀ ƢǻȂǴċǤǋ ƽƢȈǟȌǳ ńȁȋơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀȁ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ ƢǼǴǸǟ ǹĊ ƢƯ ƪƦǇ ǲǯ .ơƆƾƳ ƨǴȈǴǫ ƨƷơǂƬǇȏơ ǵƢȇƗ ƪǻƢǯ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǲǸǠǻ ǹƗ ǺǷ ȏƆ ƾƥ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ Ausrücken und Einrücken:ǂƻȉƢǯ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ :ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ƪǻƢǯ ơǀǰǿ ŕǷ ŕƷȁ ...ƩȂŶ ȁƗ ȄǨǌǻ ǑǂŶȁ ǲǯƘǻ ǵƢǼǻȁ ǲǸǠǻ .ƽȂǠǻ ǹƗȁ Ʊǂŵ ǹƗ ǺǷ ȂƬǴǳ ơȁƔƢƳ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƽƾƴǴǳ ǄȈŲ ǱơƚǇ Ǿǻƛ :Ǳơƚǈǳơ ǝƢũ ƾǼǟ ǹȂǰƸǔȇ ȄǷơƾǬǳơ ƢǼǴǤǌƫ ȏ ƾȈǠƦǳơ ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ ƨǳƘǈǷȁ śǼǇȁ ǁȂȀǋ ǀǼǷ .ǹȂƦȈŸ ȏȁ ǹȂǰƸǔȇ .ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǿơǂǳơ ǞǓȂǴǳ ƨȈǴǸǠǳơȁ ƨǴƳƢǠǳơ ƨǴƠǇȋơ ǞǷ ƨǻǁƢǬǷ Ƣǻǂǜǻ Ŀ ŘǠǷ ȅƗ ƢŮ ǆȈǳȁ ƆơƾƥƗ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ ǲǿ ƲǴưǳơ ǖǬǈȇ ǲǿ ǵȂȈǳơ ȄǬǴƬǻ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ǺǷ Ƕǯ :ƤȇǂǬǳơ ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ ȁƗ .ƩƢǼƷƢǌǳơ ǺǷ ǶƸǨǳơ ǱǄǼǻ ƢǼǻƗ ǆǸǌǳƢǯ ƨƸǓơȂǳơ ƨǬȈǬūƢƥ ǶŏǴǈĄǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǪǘǼŭơ ǺǷ ǲȈǴǫ ƢǼǣƢǷƽ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ .ǞǫơȂǳơ Ŀ ǅƢǇȋơ ŉƾǟȁ ȆƟơȂǌǟ Ȃǿ śǸţ ǲǯ ǹƗȁ ƢǻŚǐǷ ǞǫȂƬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ǪǘǼŠ ǹȁǂǰǨȇ ǅƢǼǳơ ǱơƚǇ ƨǷȐǟ ǾȈǴǟ ǾǴǯ ƽȂƳȂǳơ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ƢǼǸǈǬǻơ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƨǧǂǘƬǷ ǦǫơȂǷ ǀƻƗ ǹȂǴǔǨȇ ơǀȀǯ ǞǓȁ Ŀ .ƧƾǟƢƦƬǷ ǺǷ ƢǼȀǧ ǝƢǔǷ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǹƗ ȏƆ ƢƷ ơȂǠǼƬǫơ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ :ǺȇǂǰǈǠǷ ńƛ ǾƬǠȈƦǗ ƤǈƷ Ŀ ŕƷ ǾǻƗ ǺȇƾǯƘƬǷ ơȂǻƢǯ ǹȁǂƻƕ .Ƥȇǂǫȁ ƾǯƚǷ Ȃǿ ƩȂŭơȁ ƧƢȈūơ ǺǰǸŭơ Śǣ ǹƢŻơ ƢǼƦǴǫ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ .ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ƢŠǁȁ ȂƴǼǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƨƥȂǠǏ ǂưǯȋơ ƧƢȈūơ ǥȁǂǛ śǟȂǻ ńƛ ǶȈǈǬƬǳơ ǹƗ ǵȂȀǨǷ .ƢǻƔơǄǟƗ ǪǻƢǠǻȁ ƢǼƫȂȈƥ ńƛ ƽȂǠǻ ǥȂǇ-ƔƢȇȂǫƗ ƢǼǯȁ ǀƻƗ ǹȁƾȇǂȇ ȏ ǺȇŚưǯ ǹȋ ǆȈǳ ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ ơƆƽƢƳ ǆȈǳ śǴƟƢǨƬŭơȁ śǸƟƢǌƬŭơ ǽǀǿ ƨǨȈǠǓ Ƣēǂǯơƿȁ ƢǿŚǰǨƫ Ŀ ƨǷǃƢƷ ƪǈȈǳ ƨȇǂưǯȋơ ǹȋ ǲƥ ǞǗƢǫ ǦǫȂǷ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ŚǰǨƫ ƤǈƷ ƢȀǨǫȂǷ ǁǂǬƫȁ śǧǂǘƬŭơ śǨǫȂŭơ Ȑǯ śƥ ǭǂƸƬƫ ƨȇǂưǯȋơ .ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǾȈǳƛ ǹȂƯƾƸƬȇ ȅǀǳơ 38

ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ

ǲǿƢšȁ Ƨǂǯơǀǳơ ǺǷ ȆǓƢŭơ ȂŰ ǂưǯƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ .ȄǴǨǈǳơ ǶǼȀƳ Ŀ ƢǻƗ ơǀǰǿȁ ƾǠƥ ƆƢǷȂȇ ǂǌǟ ƨǈŨ .ƨǟƢǈǳơ ǖǤǔǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǬƟƢǧ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǺǨǳơ ơǀǿ ǶǴǠƬǻ .ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ ȏ ǁơǂƷȋơ ǅƢǼǳơ ǶƟơƽ ǝȂƳ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǲưǷ ƢƆǠƟƢƳ ƪƸƦǏƗ ƢǻƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ȆǷȁƾǫ ƔƢǔǟƗ ƔƢŴƗ ǲǯ Ŀ ǶƟơƽ ǲǰǌƥ ǆǴŸ ŅƢȈǴǳơ Ŀ ƢǼǷȏƗ ǲǯ Ŀ ǂȀǜȇ ǝȂƳ .ǾǻȂǧǂǠȇ ơƿƛ ơǀǿ ǩȂǧȁ .ǩǂąǈƫĄ ȏ Ȇǰǳ ļƢȈƳƢƷ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢƷƗ ǦȈǯ ƪǸǴǠƫ ƾǬǳ .ƢǼǸǈƳ ǝǂǇƗ řǻƜǧ ƣƢǬǠƥ ƧǂǗƢƼŭơ ǹȁƾƥ ǽǀƻƗ ǺǰǸĄȇ ǁǃ ǖȈȈƼƬǳ ƢƆǘȈƻ ȁƗ ƨǬǠǴǷ ƩƾƳȁ ǞǧƽƗ ƢǻƗ ƶǐƫ Ǻǳ ƵơǂƳ ȆǴƳǁ ȄǴǟ ƩǂȀǛ ƾǬǳ .ƢƆȈǻȂǻƢǫ ȆǰǴǷ ƢĔƗ ǆƷƗȁ ƢȀǨǘŬ řǘƥ Ņ ƾǠȇ Ń ȆǸǈƳ ƶȇǂǳơ Ŀ Ǧšǁơ ǂǘŭơ Ŀ ơƆƾƳ ƤǠƫƗ ǲďŧƗ ƩƢƥǂǠǳơ Ŀ ƹȂǨǼǷȁ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ śƴǠǳơ ǲưǷ ǾƳȂǳơ ƨǴȇǄǿȁ ƧƾǸƴƬǷ ȆǸǈƳ ƔƢǔǟƗ ƹȂǨǼǷ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƽƢǷǂǳƢǯ ŐǣƗ ǶǿƾǴƳ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ ǂǨǏƗ ǹȂǳ ơƿ ƶƦǏƗ ƢǼǷ ǒǠƦǳơ ƾǴƳ ƔƢǈŭơ .ƢǼǔǠƥ ȄǴǟ ǥǂǠƬǳơ Ŀ ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾų ǵƢȇƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ȁƗ ƨƯȐƯ ȆǬƬǴǻ ȏ Ƣȇơȁǃ ȃƾƷƛ Ŀ ƔƢǈŭơ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ŀ ƾƷƗ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ȆǬƬǴǻ ǹƗ Ƣǻǁǂǫ ǹƢȈǴǘǳơ ǺŴ ǹƗ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ Ŀ ǦǌƬǰǻ ǹƗ ơƆƾƳ ǹǄƄơ ǺǸǧ ƢǼǠǫȂƫ ơƆǁȂǧ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǂƻƕȁ ƔƢǬǳ ǲǯ śƥ ǎǫƢǼƬȇ Ƣǻƽƾǟ ǹƢǯ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ ǂƻƕȁ ƔƢǬǳ śƦǧ ǎǫƢǼƬȇ Ƣǻƽƾǟ ǮǴƫ ŕƷȁ ǂưǯƘǧ ǂưǯƗ ǂǜǼŭơ ȂǈȈǠƫ ƢǼǻƗȁ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƢǼƫǁȂǏ ǺǷ ƢƆƠȈǋ ƢǻƾǬǧ Ŀ ƢǼǻƗ ȆǠȈƦǘǳơ ǺǷ Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ƆơƾƳ ƨǬǿąǂǷĄ ƪǻƢǯ ƔƢǬǴǳơ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ƩơȂǘŬơ ƨȇȁƢǿ Ŀ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǩǂǤȇ ǹƗ ǲǔǨŭơ ǺǷ ƢǼǠǓȁ Ŀ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǂǰǨǻ ǂǯǀƬǻ ƩơƔƢǬǴǳơ ǮǴƫ .ǹƢȈǈǼǳơ

39

ƤȇǁƾƬǳơ .ǂƻƕ ńƛ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ǺǷȁ ǂƻƕ ńƛ ǭȂǴƥ ǺǷ ƆƢƥƢȇƛȁ ƢƆƥƢǿƿ ňȁǂƳǂƳ ǵƢȇƗ Ƨƾǟ Ŗǳơ ǵȂǼǳơ ƨǰȇǁƗ Ŀ .ǹȂƯȐƯ Ƕǫǁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ Ŀ ǶƟơƽ ǲǰǌƥ ǺǰǇƗ ǹƗ ǁǂǬƫ ƆơŚƻƗȁ Ņ ȆǴź ǾǻƜǧ ǽǄƴǟȁ ǾǨǠǓ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂǳơ ȄǴǟȁ ǚǬȈƬǈȇ ƢǻƢȇƽ .ƢǻƢȇƽ ǵƢǼȇ Ņ ǹȂǰƬǇ .ƽȂƥ řǴƦǬƬǈȇȁ ǾƦǻƢƳ ńƛ ƢƆǻƢǰǷ ǺȇǀǴǳơ ǥȂŬơȁ ǂƫȂƬǳơ ƤƦǈƥ řǷ ƣǂȀȇ ȆǷȂǻ ǹƜǧ ƨǬȈǬƸǴǳȁ ǵƢǻơ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪǈǳ ...ǶǴǰƫƗȁ ǶǴǰƫƗȁ ǶǴǰƫƗ řǻƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƢǸȀȈǴǟ ƤǴǤƬǳơ ǞǘƬǇƗ Ń ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǬǠǴǷ ǹȁƾƥ Ɔơƾǣ ǲǯȋơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ǦȈǯ ǞƟƢƳ ƢǻƗ .ȆǸǧ Ŀ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƨǴƠǇƗ ȏ ǞƦǘǳƢƥ ƢǻƢȇƽ ǲǸǠǴǳ ƢǼǻȂǴǇǂȇ ǺȇƗȁ ƨǬǠǴǷ ȄǴǟ ǲǐƷƗ ǺȇƗȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ǺǷ ƢǼƬŢȁ ƢǼǫȂǧ Ǻǰǳȁ Ǿƥ ƨǏƢƻ ƨǴƠǇƘƥ ƤȈŸ Ǯǳǀǳȁ řǷ ǲǔǧƗ ƨƥȂƳȋơ ǥǂǠȇ ǩȂǼű ƹơǂǏ ƩơȂǏƗ ǞǸąǈƫĄ ƨǸǴǜŭơ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǽƢšơ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷȁ Ƥȇǂǫ .ƤǓƢǣȁ !ƪǸǐǳơ ƪǸǐǳơ Ruhe, Ruhe řǻȋȁ ƨǸǴǰǳơ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ ƢǻƗ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǵȐǰǳơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƫƗ ǹƗ řǷ ǹȂƦǴǘȇ ǶĔƗ ǶȀǧƗ .ƢǼǿ ƧƢȈūơ ƨǠȈƦǘǳ ǵƢǿ ǅƢǇƗ Ȃǿ ƩƢǤǴǳơ ǕȐƬƻơ .ƽơƽǄȇ ĿȂƻ ǹƜǧ ƢǿƢǼǠǷ ǶȀǧƗ ȏ ƹơǂǐǳƢƥ ǹȁƽƾȀȇȁ ƧƽƢǫ ǶȀǴǯ .ǲƥƢƥ Ʊǂƥ Ŀ ƔƢǈŭơ ńƛ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ǺǷ ǹȁƽȂƳȂǷ ǺŴ ƾǼǟ ǆȈǳ .ơƆǁȂǧ ǶȀǨȇ ȏ ǺăǷ ŚǐǷ ǂĄǷȁ ƔȆǇ .Ǯǳƿ ǲƦǫ ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ƢȀǠũƗ Ń ƩƢǤǴƥ ƢǼǳ ǱȂǬƫ ƢǻǂǟƢǌǷ ƽƾŪơ ǺŴ .ǂƻȉơ ǱơȂǫƗ ńƛ ǞǸƬǈȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ŐǐǴǳ ƪǫȁ ƾƷƗ ȄǴǟ ǆƸǼǳ ǹơǁƾŪơ ńƛ ǺȇƾǼƬǈǷ ǥơǂĉŬơ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǸƴǸǯ ƢȇơȁǄǳơ Ŀ ǞǸƬų ǹƗ .ȅƽƢǷ ƾǼǈŠ ǲǫȋơ řǼǰǳȁ.ơƆǂƫȂƬǷȁ ơƆǂǷ ƢƆǷȂǻ ǵƢǻƗ Śǐǫ ƪǫȁ ǱȐƻȁ Ǳơƚǈǳơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƫƗ řǻƜǧ ơǀǰǿȁ .ǅơƾȇ ȆǸǈƳ ƨǜū ǲǯ Ŀ .ĺ ǹȂǐƥǂƬȇ řǻȁƽƾȀȇ ƪǫȂǳơ ǲǯ .ƨƷơǂǳơ ƾƳƗ ȏ 40

ƤȇǁƾƬǳơ

ǲƻƾȇ ǾǼǷ ȅǀǳơ ƣƢƦǳơ ǲƻƾǷ ƾǼǟ .ǂǈŪơ ȄǴǟ .ǝǁƢǌǳơ Ŀ ǵƢǻƗ řǻƗ Ņ ǲȈź .ǶǴƷƗ ŕƷ ǅƢǇȋơ ǺǷ ǝǄǟǄƬƫ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǲǯ .řƠƳƢǨƫ ƨǜǬȈǳơ .śȈǷƽȉơ ǺǷ ǁȂȀŦ Ʊǂźȁ ǹȂǔǨǼȇ .ǹȂǼƳ ǶđƢǏƗ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ŅȂƷ ǹȂǳȂƴƬȇ ǲǰǳơ .ƔƢǔƫ ǁơȂǻȋơ .ǹƢǘȈūơ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǹȂǈƦǴȇ ƨȀȇǂǰǳơ ƨƸƟơǂǳơ ȅƿ ǁƢƦǤǳơ ǺǷ ǵȂȈǣ ƢȀǼǷ ǂȇƢǘƬƫ Ŗǳơ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦǳơ ǵƢǜǠǳơ ǩǂƬź ȅǀǳơ ƽŐǳơ Ŀ Ƨơǂǟ ǥƢǐǻƗ Ƕǿȁ .ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǆŨ ƾǠƦǧ ơȁǂƻƘƬȇ ǹƗ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǶƟƢȀƦǳơ ǲưǷ ǹȂǔǯơǁ Ƕǿȁ ǹȂǳȂƦȇ ǹȁŚưǯ Pain-Lechem-Kenyér -Brot-Broit- – ǄƦŬơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ƗƾƦȇ ƧŚǤǏȁ ǁƢŪơ ƾȇ Ŀ ƨǫȐǸǟ ȁƾƦƫ ƢƆǸƟơƽ Ŗǳơ ƨǇƾǬŭơ ƔơŐǤǳơ ƨǴƬǰǳơ ǽǀǿ Chleb ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢȀȈǴǟ ǹȁƽȂǠƬȇ ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǷȂȈǳơ ƨȈǻȂǼŪơ ƨǐǫǂǳơ .ǭƾȇ Ŀ ƩƢǋƢǬǻ ƩǂƴǨǻơ ƽƾŪơ śǴǬƬǠŭơ ƱơȁǃƗ śƥ .ǲǸƬŰ Śǣ ȁƾƦȇ ƾȀǌŭơ ńȁȋơ ǉƢǬǼǳơ ƨȇƢĔ .ƾďȈŪơ ǶȀǜū ǶȀǫƢǧǁ ơȁƾǈƷȁ ǶȀƦȈǐǻ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ơȁǂǷǀƫ ǹȁŚưǯ ǶȀǴǯȁ ǶǿȂǳơ Ŀ ǒǠƦǳơ ǊȈǠȇ ƢǿƾǼǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǨǣǁȋơ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ơȂǳƽƢƦƫ ǒǠƦǳơ ǹƗ .śǓơǁ Śǣȁ ǹȂǷȂǴǜǷ ǶĔƗ ǹȂǈŹ Ŀ ȅȁƾƫ ǲǯȋơȁ ǲǯȋơ ǞȇǃȂƫ śƥ Ŗǳơ ƨǴȈǴǬǳơ ƩƢǜƸǴǳơ Ŀ .ƢǻƽȂǬǻ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ ǹȂȇƾǳơ ƣƢƸǏȋ śǗƢȈǌǳơ ƨǐǫǁ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ǹƛ .ƱƢȈŮơȁ ǵƢǐŬơ ƩơȂǏƗ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǺŠ ǭƢǈǷȎǳ ȆǫƢƦǳơ ƾȈƷȂǳơ ƪǫȂǳơ Ŀ ǹȂȇƾǳơ ƽơƾǈƥ ǹȂƦǳƢǘȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǆǷƗ ńƛ ƨȈǻƢƯ ơȂȀƳȂƬȇ ŕƷ ƱơǂǨǻȏơ ǹȂǴǤƬǈȇ ǹȁŚưǯ ǁȂǷȋơ Ɨƾē ƢǷƾǼǟ .ǹȂȇƽ ƵƢȇǂǳơȁ ǲƻơƾǳơ Ŀ ǦȈǠǓ ƔȂǔǳơ .ǥ Ć ǂǬǴǳ ƧŚưǷ ǲǇƢǤŭơ .ơƆƾďȈƳ ơȂǴǈƬǤȈǳ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ǃȂŸ ȏ ƔƢŭơ .ǲƷȂǳơ ǺǷ ƨǰȈũ ƨǬƦǘƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ƧǁƢƴūơ ƨȈǨǏǁ .ƩơǂǤưǳơ Őǟ ǲƻƾƫ .ƔƢǷ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁȋ ƩƢȈǨǼūơ Ŀȁ ǹƢȈưǤǳơ ȄǴǟ ƮǠƦƫ ǾƬƸƟơǁ .Ǿƥǂǋ ǽƾǈƳ ǺǷ ȅȂǴǠǳơ ǶǈǬǳơ "ơƆƾďȈƳ" Ȑ Ɔ Ƴǁ ȃǂǻ ƆȐưǷ .ƨȇȂƥǂƫ ƩƢǷȂǇǂƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ǹơǁƾŪơ Ȃǿȁ "ƔȆǈǳơ" ǲƳǂǳơ ǾƦǻƢƳ ńƛȁ ƨȇƽǁȂǳơ ƨǫȂǴƄơ ǾƬǸƴŦ ǹȂƥƢǐǳƢƥ ǲǈǤȇ ƉǁƢǟ ȄǴǟ Ƨǁǀǫ ǆƥȐǷ ǽƾǈƳ ȄǴǟ ƧǂǔŬơ ńƛ ǱƢĈȈǷ ǾȀƳȁ ǃǁƢƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ ǦǻƗ ƤƷƢǏ :ƣȂƬǰǷ ƾďȈŪơ ǲƳǂǳơ ƪŢ .ƔƢŭơ Ŀ ǾǠƦǏƛ ǥǂǗ ǁǀƷ Ŀ ǩǂǤȇ Ȃǿȁ ƨǠƦǫ ǾǇƗǁ So :ƣȂƬǰǷ ƔȆǈǳơ ǲƳǂǳơ ƪŢȁ (ǦȈǜǻ ƪǻƗ ơǀǰǿ) So bist du rein 41

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǥȁǂŞ Ǻǰǳȁ ƔƢǘƻƗ ǞǷ -ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥȁ (ǞȈǔƫ ƪǻƗ ơǀǰǿ) gehst du ein .(ƨƸǐǳơ Ȇǿ ƨǧƢǜǼǳơ) la propreté, c'est la santé :ƧǃǁƢƥ ƢȀƦǻƢŝȁ ƔơƽȂǇ Ɣơǂŧ ƔƢǔȈƥ ƨǫȐǸǟ ƨǸǴǰǳ ǹƢȈǠǴǳ ƧǃǁƢƥ ƨƷȂǳ ǲƥƢǬŭơ ǁơƾŪơ ȄǴǟ ǂǠǌǳơ Ǯǳǀǯȁ (ƪďȈǷ ƪǻƗȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǴǸǫ) Eine Laus, dein Tod:ƨƥƢƬǯ :ǞƟơǂǳơ Nach dem Abort, vor dem Essen Hände waschen, nicht vergessen3. ƵȁǂǴǳ ƧǄȈǸŭơ ǕȂǘŬơ ȃƾƷƛ ƨǧƢǜǼǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨƦǛơȂŭƢƥ ǂȇǀƸƬǳơ ƪȇƗǁ ƧŚưǯ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ ƢǼȈƫƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǽƢǼǠũ ȅǀǳơ ǂąǈǰƌ ǳơ Ƕǟƾȇ ȅǀǳơ ǵơǄūơ ǱȂƷ ǁơȂƸǴǳ ǾȈƦǋ ǲǰǌƥ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǱơȂǫȋơ ǽǀŮ śǳȂȀĐơ śǨǳƚŭơ ǹƗ ƪǸȀǧ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ȆǷȂȈǳơ ǱƢǈƬǣȏơ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ƨǷƢŮơ ǪƟƢǬūơ ǒǠƥ Ǻǟ ǺȇƾȈǠƥ Śǣ ơȂǻƢǯ ơȁǂǠǌȇ ƾǈŪơ ƨǧƢǜǻ ȄǴǟ ƾǟƢǈȇ ȏ ƹƢǇȁȋơ ǺǷ ǆǘǤŭơ ǹǂŪơ Ŀȁ ƧǁǀǬǳơ ǽƢȈŭơ Ŀ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴǳ ƨǴȈǇȁ Ȃǿȁ ƨȇȂȈūơ Ǻǟ ŚƦǠƬǯ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ǵƢǿ ǲǸǠǳơ ƽǂů Ǻǰǳȁ.ƨƸǐǳơȁ .Ƶȁǂǳơ ǹƗ ƤŸ řǻƗ ǆƷƗ ƾǟƗ Ń ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǷƢǫȍơ ǺǷ ǝȂƦǇƗ ƾǠƥ :ǥǂƬǟƗ ǹƗ Ȇċ Ǵǟ Ǻƥơ ȆǬȇƾǏ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬǋ ǞǷ ȆǬƬǳơȁ ǲǇƢǤŭơ ƣǂǫ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ǱȂšƗ ǲǈƬǣƗ ǦǜǼȇ ȏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ ǾȈǨƬǯȁ ǾǬǼǟ ƧȂǬƥ ǲǈǤȇȁ ǦǬȇ ƉǁƢǟ ǽƾǈƳ Ǧǐǻ .śǈǸŬơ ȏ ơƿƢŭ ƨǻƢǏǂƥ ǱƘǈȇȁ ȆȈŹ ňơǂȇ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬǋ .ǹȂƥƢǏ ǾǠǷ ǆȈǳ ƮȈƷ ƆƢƠȈǋ ĺ ƤƴąǠȈĄǇ ǲǿ ǹȏơ ǆƷƗ ƢŲ ǲǔǧƗ ǆƷƗ ǲǿ ǲǈƬǣƗ ǹƗ Ȇċ Ǵǟ ơƿƢŭȁ .ǲǈƬǣƗ ǹȋ ǲǫƗ ǊȈǟƗ ƢŠǁ ǆǰǠǳƢƥ ƪǴǈƬǣơ ơƿƛ ǂưǯƗ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǊȈǟƗ ǲǿ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƾǠƥ ǾǻƗ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬǋ ǥǂǠȇ ȏƗ .Ƨǁơǂūơȁ ƧȂǬǴǳ ƢƆǠȈȈǔƫ ƆơƾȀƳ ƤǴǘƬȇ ǱƢǈƬǣȏơ

.Ǯȇƾȇ ǲǈǤƫ ǹƗ ǆ ă Ǽƫ ȏ ǲǯȋơ ǲƦǫȁ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ƾǠƥ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 3 42

ƤȇǁƾƬǳơ

ǺǷ Ʃƽǃ ƢǸǴǯ ǾǼȈƥȁ řȈƥ ǩǂǧ ǹȂǰȇ Ǻǳ ǶƸǨǳơ ǅƢȈǯƗ ǱơǄǻƛ ǺǷ ƨǟƢǇ Ǧǐǻ Ȑƥȁ ǶǠǘǳơ ŉƾǟ Ȃǿ ƢǼǠǓȁ Ŀ ǾƳȂǳơ ǲǈǣ ǹƗ ǂưǯƘǧ ǂưǯƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ ơǀǰǿ ŚǰǨƬǳơ ƩȂŶ .ǺǷǄǳơ ǾȈǴǟ ƢǨǟ ǆǬǗ ȄǴǟ ƨǈƟƢƥ ƧƽȂǟ Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ƗȂǇƗ ȁƗ ƨȈưƦǟ ƧƽƢǟ ƧƾƟƢǧ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǳơȁ ƨǜǬȈǳơ śƥ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǆŨ Ņ ƪȈǬƥ ơƿƛ ƩȂŶ ǥȂǇ ƢǼǴǯ ƢǼǴǯ řǻƗ ŚǰǨƬǴǳȁ . ƔƢǸǈǳơ Ŀ ǲǷƘƬǴǳ ŚǰǨƬǴǳ ǱơǄǠǻȐǳ ǂƻƕ ƢǷ ƔȆǌǳ ƢȀǇǂǯƗ ǹƗ ƾȇǁƗ ǆǸş ǞƬǸƬǇƗ ƢŠǁ ȁƗ ǪƟƢǫƽ ƧƾǠǳ ȆĈ Ʒ řǻƗ ǂǰǧƗ ǹƗ ǖǬǧ ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǸǴǳ ƢǿơǁƗ ƢŠǁ .ǲǸǟ Ȑƥ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǾǠǓȁ ǦǘǠŠ ǾǈǨǻ ǦǌǼȇ ǱƢǈƬǣȏơ ȄĔƗ ƾǬǳ ĺ ƹǂǐȇ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬǋ Ǻǰǳȁ .Ǿƫơƿ ƾŞ ƢƆǸȀǷ ƢƆǇǁƽ řǸǴǠȇ .ǾǈƦǴȇ ǥȂǇ ǲȈǴǫ ƾǠƥȁ .ǾȈǯǁȁ śƥ Ȑ Ɔ Ʀǫ ǊȇȁƢǌǳơ ƩƢǸǴǯ .Ǯǳƿ ȄǴǟ ǦǇƘƬǷ ƢǻƗȁ ƨƸǓơȂǳơȁ ƨǘȈǈƦǳơ ǾƫƢǸǴǯ ƪȈǈǻ ƾǬǳ ƤȈǴǐǳơ ƨǳȂǘƥ ǵƢǇȁ ȄǴǟ ǲǏƢūơ ȅǁƢǤǼŮơ-ȅȁƢǈǸǼǳơ ǊȈŪơ ǺǷ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬǋ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏơ ƨǤǴǳơ ǶƳǂƫƗ ǹƗ ǂǘǓƘǇ řǻƗ řǨǇƚȇ .ńȁȋơ ƨȈŭƢǠǳơ ƣǂūơ ǺǷ ȅƾȇƾūơ Ŀ ȅǀǳơ Ǯǰǌŭơ ƨǤǳ ŖǤǳ ńƛ ƤďȈǗ ȅƾǼƳ ŚǰǨƫ ƨǗƢǈƥȁ ǽƾǼǟ Ŗǳơ ƨǰȈǯǂǳơ ǶȈƼŭơ ǹȋ ƩơǀǳƢƥ .ǹȉơ ńƛȁ ƪǫȂǳơ Ǯǳƿ ǀǼǷ ǾǈǻƗ Ń ǾǳơȂǫƗ ǹȂǸǔǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ȆǴƻơƽ .ǶƟƢđ ńƛ ǱȂƸƬǻ ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲȁ ǶƟƢđ ńƛ ƢǼǳȂŢ ǹƗ ƢȀǧƾǿ ƆơƾȈƳ ƨǸƸǌǷ ƨǼǯƢǷ Ȃǿ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƘƥ Ƥǣǂǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǀǬǼǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǊȈǠǻ ŕƷȁ ƾȀǌǻ ŕƷ ǺȇǂƻȊǳ ȅȁǂǻ ŕƷ .ƔƢȈƷƗ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǩȂǬƷ Ȑƥ ƾȈƦǟ ƢǼǻƗ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ .ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƢǼƷȁǁ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŴ ǹƗ ǲǰȈŮơ ǾǴǸǠǼǳ ƢǼǳ ȆǬƥ ƾƷơȁ ǂǷƗ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƾȈǯƘƬǳƢƥ ƩȂŭƢƥ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǵȂǰŰ .ƢǼƬǻƢǿƛȁ ƢǼȈǳƛ ƧƔƢǇȍơ – ƢǼǳ ȆǬƥ ȅǀǳơ Śƻȋơȁ ƾȈƷȂǳơ ǂǷȋơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǹȋ ƢǼƫȂǫ ǲǰƥ ǾǴǸǠǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǺŴȁ ǲǈǤǻ ǹƗ ǹȂǷǄǴǷ ǺŴ Ǯǋ ŇƽƗ ǹȁƾƥ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǶŮƢǸǟƗ ȄǴǟ ǪǧơȂǻ ȏ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ƶǈŶ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǦǘǠǳƢƥ ƢǻƽƢǈƳƗ ǦǌǼǻ ǹơȁ ǁǀǫ ƔƢŠ ǹȂƥƢǏ ǹȁƾƥ ƢǼǿȂƳȁ ƢǼǧǂǋ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢƸǼǳ ǲƥ ǁȂƬǇƾǳơ ǽǁǂǬȇ ƢǷ ơǀǿ ǹȋ ǆȈǳ ƔơƽȂǈǳơ ƨƸǈǸŭƢƥ ƢǼƬȇǀƷƗ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơ ǂǷơȁȋ ƢƆǟƢȈǐǻơ ǆȈǳ ƧȂǬƥ ƨǟȂǧǂǷ ƨǷƢǬƥ Śǈǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ .ƨǧƢǜǼǳơ ȄǴǟȁ .ƩȂŭƢƥ ƗƾƦǻ ȏ Ȇǰǳ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ȄǬƦǻ Ȇǰǳ ǲƥ ȆǇȁŐǳơ 43

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƨƦȇǂǣ Ʃƾƥ ǾƫƢǸǴǯ .ƨƦȈǘǳơ Ƨƽơǁȍơ ȁƿ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬǋ Ņ ƢŮƢǫ ǁȂǷȋơ ǽǀǿ ǶȈǳƢǠƫ ȄǴǟ ƢƫƽȂǠƫ ȅƢǻƿƗ .ƢƆȈƟǄƳ ǖǬǧ ǾǠǷ ǪǧơȁƗ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪǼǯȁ ȆǠǷƢǈǷ Ŀ ƤǈƷ .Ƥǳȋơ ǱƢƦŪ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ śǼǈǳơ ƩƢƠǷ ǀǼǷ ǞǸǈƫ ǂưǯƗ ƨǻǂǷȁ ƨǨȈǨƻ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǫȐƻȋơ ƤȈǳƢǇȋơ ǝȐƬƥȏ ƾȀŪơ Ǳǀƥ Ƶȁǂǳơ ƔȂǇȁ ƔơǂŮơ ǺǷ ǶȈǳƢǠƬǳơ ǽǀǿ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬǋ ƾǼǟ ƧƾȈŪơ ƢȇơǄŭơȁ ƨǸǰūơ ȏ .ȃǂƻƗ ǺǯƢǷƗ Ŀ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ƢȀǟǂƬƻơ .řȈǓǂȇ ƢǷ ƢȀȈǧ ǆȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ Ǿǳ ƨƦǇƢǼǷ ƢƆǠƦǗ ǹƗ ƆƢǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ ǂǘǓƗ ǲǿ :ǆŠ ƣƢǏƗ ƽƢǯƗ ơǀǿ ƾǬǠŭơȁ ǅǂǌǳơ ŃƢǠǳơ ǲƥƢǬǷ ƨǬȈǬū ǶǴǈƬǇƗ ǹƗ Ǿƥ ƣȂǣǂŭơ ǺǷ ƢŠǁ ȁƗ ƢȀǇƢǇƗ ȄǴǟ ǊȈǟƗȁ ƢǷ ƨǬȇǂǗ ǝǂƬƻơ ƨǬȇǂǗ ƨȇƗ ȅƾǼǟ ǆȈǳ ǾǻƗ

44

Ka-Be ǥǂǟƗ ȏ .ƔƢǷ ļǂǘǫ ǲưǷ ƨđƢǌƬǷ ƢĔȋ ǵƢȇȋơ ƾǟ Ȑ Ɔ ȀǇ ǆȈǳ .ǵȂȈƥ ǪƸǴȇ ǵȂȇ ƢƆƳơȁǃƗ ǹǄƼŭơ ńƛ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ƨǘŰ ǺǷ Ƥǿǀǻ ǺŴ Ǻǰǳȁ ǆǸǌǳơ ƪǫǂǋƗ ƧǂǷ Ƕǯ ǲąǸū ĉ ơ ǞǷ ǹǄƼŭơ ńƛ ƆȐȈǴǫ ƤƟơǀǳơ ƲǴưǳơ ȄǴǟ ǂƬǷ ŖƠǷ ŅơȂƷ ȆǌŶ .ơǀǰǿ ƽȂǠǻȁ .ƨǨǋ ƪǼƦƥ ǆƦǼǻ ȏ .śƦǻƢŪơ ȄǴǟ ƧȁƾŲ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ ǹȂǰƫ ƧƽȂǠǳơ Ŀȁ ƢǸưȈƷ .ǆǸǌǳơ śǟ ȆǘǤƫ Ŗǳơ Ƨǂȇǂǌǳơ ǵȂȈǤǳơ ŅƢǟȋơ Ŀȁ .ƽĊ ƢǠǷ ǲǰǳơ ƢǼǳȂƷ ǺǷ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ǮǷƢǷƗ ƾǈƫ ƨȇȂƬǴǷ ǭȐǇƗ ǑƢƦǬǻȏơ ȄǴǟ ƮǠƦƫ ǂǛƢǼŭơ ǭǂǜǻ ǾƳȂƫ ƢǿǁȂǔŞ ƆơƾďȈƳ ǆŴ ƢǼǼǰǳȁ .ȆȀƬǼƫ Ȇǿ ǺȇƗ ȃǂǻ ǹƗ ƆƢǷȂȇ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ń ƤǻƢƳ ǲǯ ƩȏƢǬǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ŃƢǠǳơ śƥȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǲǐǨȇ ȆǸǼȀŪơ ǭȐǇȋơ ǁơƾƳ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀ .ǅƢǻƗ ǅƢǻƗ ǅƢǻƗ -ƤƫƢǰŭơ Ŀ ǩǂǘǳơ Ŀ ǶƳƢǼŭơ Ŀ ƔǖƦƥ ƧǂǧƢǈŭơ ƩơǁƢǘǬǳơȁ ƢǷƗ .Ƥǟǂǳơȁ ǥȂŬơ ǶȀǯǂŹ ƾȈƦǠǳơȁ ǶȀǈǨǻȋ ƾȈƦǟ Ƕǿ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƽƢȈǇȋơ .ƽƢȈǇƗȁ ƾȈƦǟ .ǵȂǐƻ ȁƗ Ɣơƾǟơ ǶȀǴǯ .ǶȀǯǂŢ ȏ ȃǂƻƗ ƧȂǫ ƨȇƗ .ƨȈǿơǂǰǳơ ǶȀǯǂƸƬǧ ƧƽƢǈǳơ .ƢƆǸǐƻ ȁƗ ơƆȁƾǟ ǾȈǧ ȃǁƗ ȏ ȆǠǷ ƔƤǠǳơ ǲǸŹ ȅǀǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ ȆǬȈǧǁ ǹƗ ƨǬȈǬƸǴǳ ȏ ƧŚƻȋơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ .Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢť ǂǨǏ .ǂƻƕ ǶǇơ Ǿǳ ǆȈǳ .Null Achtzehn Ȃǿ Ǿǳ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǂȇƾƳ ǖǬǧ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǹƗ ǞȈǸƴǴǳ ƶǓơȁ .Ǿǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ǂă Ǩĉ ĄƷ ȅǀǳơ Ƕǫǂǳơ Ŀ Ȃǿ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟȁ Ǿũơ Ȇǈǻ ǾǻƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ .ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ƾǠȇ Ń ǺǈƬƻơ ǱȂǻ ƢǼǼȈƥ .ǶǇơ ǹƗ ǝƢƦǘǻȏơ ǲǰǌƬȇ ǂǜǼȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƢƆǬƷ ǾȈǈǻ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ǥǂǐƬȇ ƾǼǟ ƢǿƢǬǴǻ ǹƗ ǺǰąǸȇĄ Ŗǳơ Ʃơǂǌūơ ǾƦǌȇ ǹƢǈǻƛ Ƨǂǌǫ ƨǣǁƢǧ ƧơƽƗ Ȃǿ ǺǈƬƻơ ǱȂǻ .ǽƢšơ ǲǰǳ ǶȀǯǂŢ ƶȇǂǳơȁ ƧǁƢƴūơ ńƛ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǕȂȈş ƨǘƦƫǂǷ ƩƢǠǬǼƬǈŭơ ǥơǂǗƗ ƨƥȂǠǏ ǹȁƾŸ ǹƢƦǌǳơ ǹȋ ǖǬǧ ǆȈǳ .ǾƟƢǬƥ ȄǴǟ ǂǘƻ ƾƳȂȇ ơǀđ .ơƆƾƳ ƣƢǋ Ǿǻƛ ŕƷ ƆƢƥǂů ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǿ Ǯǻȋ ǅƢǇȋƢƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ǵȂǐǳơȁ ƤǠƬǳơ Ŀ ơȁƾǸǐȇ ǹƗ 45

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǹƢƦǋ Ŗǳơ ƨƥǂƴƬǳơ ǽǀǿ ǲǰǳơ ƾǓ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǝơǂǏ Ŀ ǦǬƫ ŕƷȁ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ƾǸǐƫ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ƢƆǨȈǠǓ ǆȈǳ ǺǈƬƻơ ǱȂǻ .ƢđƢǈƬǯơ Ŀ ǹȂƸƴǼȇ ǖǬǧ ǲƟȐǫ ȏ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ Ǿƥ ǖȈŹ ƢǷ ǲǰǳ ơƆƾƳ ǱƉ ƢƦǷ ȏ Ȃǿ .ǲǸǠǳơ Ŀ Ǿǰȇǂǋ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ Ǻǟ ǊȈƬǨƬǳơ ǱȁƢŹ ȏ Ȃǿȁ .ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ƤǠǐǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ ǺǷ ƣǂȀƬȇ ȁƗ ƣǂȀȇ ǾȈǳƛ Ƥǿǀȇ Ǯǋ ǹȁƾƥ ƩȂŭơ ńƛ ǾǻȂǴǇǂȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǂǷơȁȋơ ǲǯ ǀǨǼȇ ĿƢǓƛ ǵƢǠǗ .ƧȏƢƦǷȐǳơ ǆǨǼƥ ǺǷ ǲȈǴǫ ǲƦǫ ǂŪơ Ǻǟ ǹȂǨǫȂƬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ ǱȂȈŬ ǖȈǈƦǳơ ƮąƦŬ ƌ ơ ŕƷ ǽƾǼǟ ǆȈǳ ǽƾǼǟ ȄǬƦƫ ȏ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƧȂǫ ǽƾǼǟ ƪǷơƽ ƢǷ Ǟǧƾȇ ǲďǸƸ ă ȇĄ ǂŸ Ǿǻƛ ǲǷƢǌǳơ ǶȀǨǠǓ śƬǔǸǤŭơ ǾȈǼȈǟ Ǟǧǂȇ ȏ ŕƷȁ ǁơǀǻȍơ ƾȀǼƫ ǹȁƾƥ ǞǬȇȁ ƧƘƴǧ ǁƢȀǼȇ ƆƢǫȐǗƛ ƧȂǫ ǂš Ŗǳơ ǹƾǼǳ ǭƢƳ ƤƬǯ Ŀ ǂš Ŗǳơ ƣȐǰǳƢƥ ňǂǯǀȇ ơǀǿ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ńƛ śƬǬǴǬŭơȁ .ǹȂƫȂŻȁ ǹȂǘǬǈȇ ƨǟǂǈƥȁ ǶēƢȈƷ ǺǷ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ŕƷ ƨƥǂǠǳơ ǲǫƗ ǲǸǠȇ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŹ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǹȋ ǞȈǸŪơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǲǸǠȇ ǺǈƬƻơ ǱȂǻ Ǯǳǀǳ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ Ǯǳǀǳȁ Śǘƻ Ǯȇǂǋ Ȃǿȁ ƆƢǫƢǋ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ ǲǸǠȇ Ȃǿ .ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǫ ƢǼǻƜǧ ǲȇǄǿȁ ǺȇƾȈǳơ ǦȈǠǓ řǻȋ ȆǠǷ ǲǸǠȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ǹƗ ƤƦǈƥȁ .ǾǠǷ ǲǸǠȇ .śǬȈǧǁ ƆƢǠǷ ƧƽƢǟ ƢǼǈǨǻƗ ƾų ƧǁƢǨǏ ǪǴǘȇ ǁƢǘǬǳơ .ƤǠƫ Ŀ ƢǼǴƳǁƗ ǂų ǹǃƢƼŭơ ǺǷ ǹȁƾƟƢǟ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ƢǻĄǂȀą Ǜ .ǂǜƬǼǻȁ ǑȁǂǨŭơ ǦǫȂƬǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢȈǓơǁ ƢǻƗȁ ǺǈƬƻƛ ǱȂǻ .ǦǫȂƬǳơ ȄǴǟ ƢǻŐŸȁ .ȃǂƻȋơ Ɣơǁȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƔǖƦƥ ǂŤ Ŗǳơ ƩơǂǗƢǬǳơ ńƛ ǂǜǼǻ ƨȈǳƢƥ ƢǼǈƥȐǷȁ ǺƉ ƸǼǷ ǁƢǘǬǳơ) …Deutsche Reichsbahn, Deutsche Reichsbahn ǶƬȇ Ń ȅǀǳơ ǲƴǼŭơȁ ƨǫǂǘŭơ ǁƢǠǋ ƢǸȀȈǴǟȁ ǹƢƬȈǇȁǁ ǹƢƫǂǗƢǫ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ (ňƢŭȋơ Cavalli 8. ǽƾǠƥȁ Deutsche Reichsbahn ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ .ǽȂŰ

ƔƢƦƬƻȏơ ǾȈǳƛ ƽȂǠǐǳơ ...4ŅƢǘȇơǁƢǘǫ : Uomini 40. Tara. Portata

.ǲąǸū Ɗ ơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ǹǃȂǳơ ƆȐƳǁ 40 ǱȂȈƻ 8 :ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ 4 46

Ka-Be

ƨǠƬŠ ǝƢǸƬǇȏơȁ ƨǯǂƷ Ȑƥ ƪǸǐƥ ǅȂǴŪơ ƨǸǴǜǷ ƨȇȁơǃ Ŀ ǶƸǨǳơ ǅƢȈǯƗ ƪŢ řǻƗ ƾǯƘƬǷ ƢǻƗ .ƨǰǈǳơ ǕȂǘƻ ȄǴǟ ƱǂƷƾƬƫ Ȇǿȁ ƩȐƴǠǳơ ƩȂǏ ńƛ ȃȂǐǫ ńƛ ǪǌǼƫƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ǦǫȂƬȇ ƧƘƴǧ .ƤǠƬǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ ȄǈǻƗ ǺƸǴǳơ ơǀǿ ǝƢǸǈƥ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƱǂƻƗ .ƨǧƢŪơ ƣƢǌǟȋơ ƨƸƟơǁ ǲǐƫ ȆǨǻƗ ńƛȁ ƔĿơƾǳơ ƔơȂŮơ ȆǴƻơƽ ǲƻơƽ ȆȀƳȁ ƤƬǰǳơ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ƆƢǷƢŤ ƣơǂƬǳơ ǲďƦǫƗȁ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ǞǫƗȁ ǆǸǌǴǳ Ȇǿ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƢŮ ǎǫƗ ƢǻƗȁ "ƪǻƗ ǺăǷ" :ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ ǱƘǈĊƫȁ ƧƗǂǷƛ œǻƢŝ ǂŤ ƤǌǠǳơ ƢȀȇǁƗ ǹƗ ńƛ ǱȂǫƗ ƢǷ ǩƾǐƫ ȏȁ ǵȂǼǴǳ ơƆǂȇǂǇ ȆǴǟ ƵǂƬǬƫȁ ƆƢǷƢǠǗ řȈǘǠƫ ǶȀǨƫ .řǫƾǐƫ ƢǿƾǼǟ ǖǬǧȁ.Ȇǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ǁȂǨƄơ Ƕǫǂǳơ ƢǼǴƥƢǬǷ ƧǁƢƬǈǳơ ǞǧǂĄƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ƶǂǈŭơ Ŀ ƢǸǯȁ .ǂŤ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǴǧƢūơ .ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ... ƔȐǷǄǳơȁ ƱƢƥǂǯ ǽƾȇ Ŀȁ "ȂǧƢǰǳơ"ƢȀǫȂǧ ǦǬȇ ƾȇƾūơ ƧƾǸǟƗ ǺǷ ƨǷȂǯ ƧǂǋƢƦǷ ǹǄūơȁ ǦǇȋƢƥ ƨƳȁǄŲ .ƨǜǬȇ .śŭƢƸǴǳ ǲȇȂǳơ .ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ǹȂǌǸƬȇ ƢƆƳơȁǃƗ ǹȂǟǃȂŭơ .ƨǜǬȈǳƢƥ ǶǴŴ ǺŴ ǖǬǧ ƧƾǟƢƦƬǷ ǹƢȈƷƗ Ŀ ǚūơ Ǻǈū .ǾǳƢǸƬƷơ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ ȅǀǳơ .ǖǬǧ ƨƦǠƬǷ ǶƟƢđ ǺŴ ƢǼǻȋ ƧŚǐǫ ǵȐƷƗ ǹƢǠǧǂȇ ƢȈǈƬȈǳƢǣ ǺǷ ǲƳǂǳơȁ ƢǌȈǷ .ƾȇƾūơ ǹǄű ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ǺŴ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ȆǫƢƥ ǺǷ ǲǫƗ ƤǠƬǷ ƢǸȀǴǸǟ .ƢǼǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ ƧȂǈǫ Ŀ ƢĔƢǠǔȇȁ ƨȇƾȇƾūơ ƨǓǁƢǠǳơ ơǀǿ ƨǴǏơȂǷ ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ƢǸĔȂǘǠȇ ŕƷ ƢƆǗƢǌǻ ǹƢȇƾƦȇ śǼƯȏơ ƢǸĔƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ǺǰǸŭơ Śǣ ǺǷ Ŗǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ ƧŚƫȁ ǹȁǁǂǬȇ ǹȂƻǂǐȇ ǹȂǜǫȂȇ śƠȈǘƦǳơ ǹȂưŹ ǲǸǠǳơ ơǀȀǯ ƢƆǧǂǐƫ ǹƗ ƪǸǴǠƫ ƧŚǐǫ ƧƾǷ ǀǼǷ řǻƗ ǞǷ ȆǴƻơƽ Ŀ ǁȂưȇ œǔǣ .Ƣđ ǵƢȈǬǳơ ǹȂǻƢǬǳơ ơǀǿȁ ƔƢǨǠǔǳơ ǹȁƾȀǘǔȇ ƧƾƟơǄǳơ ǩȂǬūơ ƣƢƸǏƗ ƢǼǿ ǵƢǜǼǳơ ǂċȈǤȇ .ǂǰǈǠǸǴǳ ȆǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ŘƦŭơ ǲǯ ǵȂǬȇ ǾȈǴǟ ȅǀǳơ ǅƢǇȋơ Ȃǿ "ňƢǈǻȍơ" ǲǯ ǞǷ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƧŚǐǫ Ǻǰǳȁ ơƆƾƳ ƨǴȈǬƯ ƨƸȈǨǐǳơ .ǵƢǷȋơ ńƛ ǵƾǬƫƗ ƢǻƗ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ Ǿǻƛ .ȆǴƳǁ śƥ ǹƢǗǁȂƬƫ ǺǈƬƻơ ǱȂǻ ȆǷƾǫ ǹƗ ȆƟơǁȁ ǺǷ ǆƷƗ ƢǻƗ ƧȂǘƻȁ ƧȂǘƻ .ŖȈǌŭ ǾƬȈǌǷ ǦďȈǰĄȇ ǹƗ ƧǂŭƢƥ ǱȁƢŹ ȏ ǾǻƗ ȁƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ǆȈǳ ǖƻ ǲƥƢǯ Ǻǟ ǄǨǬǳơ ƤŸ ǭƢǼǿ .ƾȇƾūơ ƨǰǇ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ .ƧȂǘƻ ǹȁǂǌǟ ńƛ ǲȈŻȁ ƢǼȈǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ ƤŸ ƢǸǯ ƢƆǟȂǓȂǷ ǆȈǳ ǖŬơ ǹȋ ǖƦƼǴƫ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ .ƽȁƾǌǷ 47

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ǻǟ ǱǄǼǻ ǹơ ǁƾǬǻ ƩơȂǘƻ ƨǠǔƥ ƾǠƥ .ǹǄƼŭơ ƨƥơȂƥ .śƬǇ ȁƗ ƧȂǘƻ śǈŨ ǕȂǬǈǳơ ƾȈǳơ ȄǴǟ ǾǴǯÅ ƢƦȇǂǬƫ ǪǳǄǻơ ƾȇƾūơ ƵȂǳ ǹȋ ǵƾǬƬǳơ ǺǰŻ ȏ ȄǨǯ .ǲąǸū ĉ ơ ƢǼǧƢƬǯƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ ƹǂǏƗ ƢǻƗ .ƤǠƬǳơȁ Ńȋơ ǂưǯƗ ǲǸŢƗ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪǈǳ .ơƆƾƳ ǖǤǔȇ Ȃǿȁ .ƾȇƾūơ ƵȂǳ ǖǬąǈȇĄ Ȃǿȁ ǲǌǧ ƾǫ ǺǈƬƻƛ ǱȂǻ ȃǁƘǧ ǁȁƽƗ ȄǴǟ řǰǳȁ .ƢƆÅƦǻƢƳ ǄǨǬǳơ ǞȈǘƬǇƗ ƪǼǯ ƾȈǯƘƬǳƢƥ ƧǂǷ ƪǼǯ ƢǸǯ ƆƢǻǂǷ ƪǼǯ Ȃǳ ƨƥȂƦȈǣ Ŀ ƢǻƗ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ ƧǂƫȂƬǷ śȇơǂǌǳơ ǲǯ .Ʃǁǂǔƫ Ŗǳơ ȆǴƳǁ ȅƾȈƥ ǮǈǷƗ Ǒǁȋơ .ȃǂǈȈǳơ ȆǴƳǁ ǺǷ ȆǨǴŬơ ƤǻƢŪơ ƣƢǏƗ ƾȇƾūơ ƵȂǳ ǥǂǗ .Ńȋơ ǺǷ ƢǷ ȃǁƗ ǹƗ Ŀ ƶųƗ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ƨƻȁƾǳơȁ ǝƢƳȁȋơ ǺǷ ƨǜƸǴǳ ƢƆȈƥƢƦǓ ƶƦǐȇ ȆȈǟȁ ƪǷƢǏ ǾȈƦȈƳ Ŀ ǽơƾȇ ǭơǂƷ Ȑƥ ƢƆǨǫơȁ ǺǈƬƻƛ ǱȂǼƥ ȆǬƬǴȇ ȅǂǜǻ ǹƜǧ ŅȂƷ ƭƾŹ ƢŷƾƷƗ ǹƢƯƾƸƬȇ ǹƢǷƾǬƬȇ ƢȈǈƬȈǴǣ ǺǷ ȅǀǳơ ǎƼǌǳơȁ ƢǌȈǷ .ǶǰƥƗ ŚƦǠƬƥ Ņƛ ǂǜǼȇȁ ƾȈǧơƽȁ ǂǴƦŤ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƣǂƬǬȇ .ƢȀǸȀǧƗ ȏ ƶƟƢǐǻ ƢǸȀǼǷ ǲǯ Ƕǧ Ŀȁ ǉƾȇȏƢƥ ǂƻȉơ ǞǷ Ǟǧǂȇ ȂǧƢǰǳơ ƣǂƬǬȇ ơƆŚƻƗȁ .ǲǸǠǳơ ơȂǨǫȂȇ ŕƷ ǱȂǿǀǳơ ǹȂǴǤƬǈȇ .Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǲǯȁ ǲưǷ ǹȂǫǂǨƬȇ ǽƢšơ ǲǯ ńƛ ǹȂǫǂǨƬȇ ƔȐǷǄǳơ .ǶƬǌȇ ǽƢšơ ǲǯ Ŀ ƣǂǔȇ ƱƢƥǂǰǳơ ǺǷ ǲǿơƿ Ȃǿȁ ƢȀŹǄȇ ǾǨǻƗ ńƛ ǽƾȇ ƔǖƦƥ Ǟǧǂȇ ǺǈƬƻƛ ǱȂǻ .ƶȇǂǳơ Ŀ ǂưǠƦƬƫ ǩơǁȁƗ ƢǸĔȋ śƬǠƳȂǷ ƢƬǈȈǳ ǅƗǂǳơ ȄǴǟ śƬƥǂǓ ǖǬǧ ȄǬǴƫƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢȀȈǴǟ Ŗǳơ ǵƾǳơ ǞǬƥ .ǅơȂūơ ǹƢǨǨţ .ơƆƾƳ ƢƆǸȈǬƬǈǷ ǥȂǫȂǳơ ǞȈǘƬǇƗ řǻȋ .ƨǸƒǜǟ ƨȇƗ ǂǈǰǼƫ Ń ǾǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ȆȀƬǼƫ ƨƯƽƢūơ ƺǨƬǼƫ ǲąƳǂƎ ǳơ ǹƗ ǥǂǟƗ řǻȋ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ńȋơ ƾƬǌȇ ǹƗ ǺǷ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǲǠǼǳơ ǞǴƻƗ ǹƗ ƙǂƳƗ ȏ Ɣơǀūơ ǲǠƬǻƗ ǹƗ ǁƾǫƗ ȏ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ńƛ Ƥǿǀȇ Ȃǿȁ ƶƟƢǨǐǳơ ƨǷȂǯ ƣǂǫ ƢȈǈƬȈǴȈǣ ǺǷ ǲƳǂǳơ ǲȇƾƦƬǳ řǴǇǂȇ ȂǧƢǰǳơ ȃǂǻ ƢǼǻȋ ǲǸǠǳơ ȆȀǼǻ Śǐǫ ƪǫȁ ƾǠƥ .ƾǬūƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ Ʃơǂǜǻ Ņ Ɛ ƛ ǾƳȂȇȁ ǺǈƬƻƛ ǱȂǻ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǺȇƾƟƢǟ ǄȈǴųȍơ ȃǂǇȋơ Ŀ ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾƳƗ Ǻǰǳȁ śǴƳǂǳơ ƨǨş ǂǿƢǜƬǴǳ ȅƾȀƳ ǲǯ ǱǀƥƗ ƧƽȂǠǳơ ƧŚǈǷ Ŀ ƆơŚƻƗȁ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ŐǠǻ ǹƗ ńƛ ňơƾǟƢǈȇ ǹƗ ǁƾǼȈǧȁ ǺǈƬƻƛ ǱȂǻ ǂǷƘȇ ȂǧƢǰǳơ .Śǈǳơ 48

Ka-Be

ȄǴǟ ȄǬǴǷ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƢǻƗ (ǑơǂǠƬǇȐǳ ƽȂǼƴǴǳ ǦǏ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳ ǵȂȈǳơ ȆǜƷ Ǻǈū) .ƢƆƷƢƫǂǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ǆǨǼƫƗȁ ȅǂȇǂǇ ƢȀǠǷȁ řŦƢē ƨȈǻƢƯ ǝƢƳȁȋơ ƤǠƬŭơ ǑơǂǠƬǇȏơ ƤƦǈƥ ƢŠǁȁ ǂūơ ƤƦǈƥ ƢŠǁ ƾǸƴƬŭơ ǵƾǳƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ Ȇǿ ȆƟơǀƷ ǞǴƻƗ .ƨƷȁǂĐơ ȆǴƳǁ Ŀ ƨƥȂǗǂǳƢƥ Ƥȇǂǣ ǅƢǈƷƛ ȆǴƳǁ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ Ƣđ ȃǂǈȈǳơ ȆǴƳǁ ƪǘƥǁȁ ǂȀǋ ǲƦǫ ƢēƾƳȁ Ŗǳơ ƨǫǂŬơ ǩǄǷ Ŀ .ŘǸȈǳơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǸǴǰǴǳ ǁƢǐƬƻơ Ȃǿ ĺ Ƣǯ Ka-Be ńƛ ƤǿƿƗ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƾǠƥ ƔƢǈŭơ ơǀǿ ƨȈǬƥ ńƛ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ Ŀ ƨȀȈƦǋ ǦƟơǂǏ ƨȈǻƢť .ȄǨǌƬǈǷ– Krankenbau ǶƟơƽ ǲǰǌƥ ƾƳȂǼȇ ȄǨǌƬǈŭơ Ŀ ǭȐǇȋơ ǺǷ ǁơƾŝ ƨǗƢŰ ƢȀǼǰǳȁ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ȏȁ śǟȂƦǇƗ ǺǷ ǂưǯȋ ǭƢǼǿ ǹȂǴǜȇ ǲƟȐǫ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ Ǻȇǀǳơ ȃǂǇȋơ ǂąǌǟĄ ŅơȂƷ ǂȀǜĄȇ ǺăǷ .ǹȂǨǌȇ ȁƗ ǹȂƫȂŻ ƢǷƛ ǺȇǂȀǌǳơ ƨȇƢĔ ŕƷ .ǺȇǂȀǋ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ȄǬƦȇ ƾƷơȁ . ǃƢǤǳơ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ ǲǇǂȇ ƧǁȂǘƻ ƽơƽǄȇ ȆƸǐǳơ ǾǠǓȁ ǺǷȁ ǾǻȂŪƢǠȇ ƔƢǨǋ ƩƢǷȐǟ ǺȇƾȈǨŭơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ" ǞǷ ƾăǠǻĄ ƢǼǜƷ Ǻǈū ƢǼǻȋ ơƿƢŭ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ȄǨǌƬǈǷ ."ƢƆȇƽƢǐƬǫơ ƾȇƾƳ ƢǼǿ ǲǰǳƢǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ƧƽƢȈǠǳơ Ŀ ŕƷ ȏȁ .ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǺǯƗ Ń ĺ -Ƣǯ Ŀ ƵƢƦǋȋ ǹȐȇȂǗ ǹơǁȂƥƢǗ .ƨƷơǂŪơȁ ƨȈǴƻơƾǳơ ǑơǂǷȋơ :ǹƢǸǈǫ ƢǼǿ ƾƳȂȇ .ř Ĉ Ȉǟ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ƵǂƳ ƾȈǸǔƫ ńƛ ǹȂƳƢƬŹ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ ƶȇǂǳơ Ŀȁ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ ƣƢƦǳơ ǲƥƢǬǷ ǹȂǨǬȇ ǂǌƥ ǶĔȂȈǟ ȄǴǟ ȁƾƦȇ ƩȂŭơ ǹȁǂƻƕ .ơȂǐƸƒǨȇĄ ǹƗ ǹȁƾȇǂȇ ǹȁǂƻƕ .Ɣơȁƽ Ǎǂǫ ńƛ ȁƗ ǁȂƥƢǘǳơ .ǱȂƻƾǴǳ ǹơƾǠƬǈǷȁ ǹƢȈǧƢƷ ƱȁƽǄŭơ ǁȂƥƢǘǳơ ƨǷƾǬǷ Ŀ ǹƢǨǫơȂǳơ ǹƢǼƯȍơ ǭȐǇƗȁ ƩƢǗƢƥǂǳơ ǹƢǟǄǼȇ ƨǌǧơƾǷ Ŀȁ ƲȈƴǓ Ŀ ǾƬǷƾǬǷ Ŀ ǹƢǼƯƛ ƧǂǷ ǲǯȁ ǵƾǬƬȇ ƨǜƸǴǳƢƥ ǺǸŵȁ ǂǰǨǻ .ƢǸȀȈǴƳǁ ȄǴǟ Ŗǳơ ǩăǂŬ ĉ ơ ǹƢǟǄǼȇȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ȄǴǟ Ŗǳơ ƾȇƾūơ :ǁȁƾǳơ ǞďȈǔǻ ȏ ŕƷ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ǻǰǳȁ ǲƷȂǳơ Ŀ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƧƾǷ ƧƢǨƷ ȄǬƦǻ ȏ ȄĈƬƷ ƨƦǇƢǼŭơ ǂǷȋơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄƢƥ ǦǴǰŭơ ǎƼǌǳơ Ɣơǀūơ ǞǷ ĺ -Ƣǯ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ƢƆƫƢƥ ƢƆǠǼǷ ǝȂǼŲ .śǴƻƾŭơ śƥ ƨǇơǂƷ ƨǨȈǬǇ ǵƢǷƗ ǦǬȇ Ȇǈǻǂǧ ǲǏƗ ǺǷ ǶƼǓ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈǳơ ǲǯ ǥȂǫȂǳơ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ǺǼǜȇ ȏȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǲƟȐǬǳơ śȈǈȈƟǂǳơ śǨǛȂŭơ ƾƷƗ 49

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ƕǯ ǮǨǻƗ Ƕǣǁ ǂǰǨƫ ǮǻƗ ȆǨǰȇ ƮȈƷ .Ǿƥ ǮǈǸƬǳơ ǪƸƬǈȇ ǪƷ Ȃǿ ǩǄŲ ǲǠǻ śƥ ǂưǯƗ ơȂƳƢƬŹ ǹơ ǹȁƾƥ ǹȂƳǂźȁ Ɣơǀūơ ǹȂǴǠƬǼȇ Ƕǿȁ ĺ -Ƣǯ ńƛ ǹȂǴƻƾȇ ǅƢǼǳơ ǺǷ .Ɣơǀūơ ńƛ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǩăǂŬ ĉ ơ ǝǄǻƗ ǹƗȁ ǲǠǼǳơ ǞǴƻƗ ǹƗ ƨƥȂƴǟƘƥ ƶųƗ ƢǻƗ .ȅǁȁƽ ļƘȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǄƬȀȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥȁ ǥȂǨǰǳơ ȁƗ ǺƸǐǳơ Ņ ǩǂǈȇ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ƶƴǼȇ ǹơ ǹȁƾƥȁ ƢǿǂǈƻƗ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ƾǼǟ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ƢȀǈƦǳƗ ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲ Ŗǳơ ŖǠƦǫ ȅƾȈƥ ǮǈǷƗ ňǃȁ ǹơǄƫơ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǹƢǰǈŤ ȅơƾȇ ƱǂǟƗȁ ǥ Ċ ƢƷ ƢǻƗ .ƢƆƦǇƢǼǷ ȏƆ Ƣǐȇơ ǀƻƕȁ ǹǄƼŭơ Ŀ ǲǠǼǳơ ȆǬƥƌƗ ǹƗ Ņ ǹȂƸǸǈȇ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ǹƢǰǷ ȅƗ Ŀ ƢȀǠǓƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳ Ŗǳơ ƨȀǧƢƬǳơ ȆƴƟơȂŞ .ƩƢǏȂƸǨǳơ ƨǧǂǣ ńƛ ǁȁƾǳơ Ŀ ǦǫƗ ƢǻƗ ǲƻƽƗ Ǟǔȇ ǑǂŲ ǭƢǼǿȁ Ƨơǂǟ ǲƻƾŭơ ńƛ ǲǐǻ ǹơ ƢǼȈǴǟȁ ƆƢȈŸǁƾƫ ǆƥȐŭơ ǹȂǠǴź ƢǼǿ ƨȇƢĔ ńƛ ƽȂǠȇȁ ǽǁȁƽ ƾǬǨȇ ƢƆǈƥȏ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǲǏȁ ơƿƛ .ǖƥȍơ ƪŢ Ƨǁơǂūơ ǹơǄȈǷ ƢǼǳ ȁƗ ǹƢǼǇȋơ Ŀ ǵȏƕ ǖǬǧ ǶǿƾǼǟ Ȃǳ ŕƷ Ƨǁơǂūơ ơȂǈȈǬȇ ǹƗ ǹȂǷǄǴǷ ǲǰǳơ .ǁȁƾǳơ .ƨȈǬǴūơ ƨƥȂǬǳơ .ǲǠǨǳƢƥ ȄǓǂǷ ơȂǈȈǳ ǺăǷ ƧƾǬǠǷ ƧǂǷƢǤǷ ńƛ Ʊǂź ȏ ǹƗ ơȂǼǸǔȇ ǹƗ ǹȂǳȁƢŹ ơǀǰǿ Ƨǁơǂūơ ǹơǄȈǷ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ .ƤȈƦǘǳơ ńƛ ňǀƻƘȇ ǑǂǸŭơ :ǲƻƽƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ƾƳȂƫ ȏ 174517 ǶǫǂǴǳ) Nummer 174517, kein Fieber:ǺǴǠȇȁ řǻƗ ǹȂǼǴǠȇ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ȆǇƢǇƗ ǎƸǧ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ƪǈǳ řǻơ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ .(ƧǁơǂƷ ƤǴǘǳ ƢƆƦǇƢǼǷ ƢƆǻƢǰǷ ǆȈǳ ơǀǿ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ǥǂǟơ ȏ .Arztvormelder .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗȁ ȆƟơǀƷ ǀƻƕ ƢǻƗ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǺǷ řǻȂƳǂź .ƩƢƷƢǔȇơ ǹƿƛ .ƨƷơǂǳơ ǺǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆƬǫȁ Ņ ǺǸǔȇ ƢŲ ơƆŚǘƻ ȁƾƥƗ .ǃƢƬŲ ȆƷǂƳ .řȈŹ ǶȈȇƢƷ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǳơ Ǳƾƥ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ Ɔơƾǣ Ǻǰǳȁ ǞȈǸŪơ ǲưǷ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǵƢǻƗ ƢǻƗ ƨǸǴǰǳơ ŘǠǷ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ .ƢƆȈƟƢĔ ǎƸǨǴǳ ƤȈƦǘǳơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƫƗ ǹƗ ȆĈ Ǵǟ

50

Ka-Be

ǥȂǇ ơƆƾǣ ǶĔƛ ǝȂǼǳơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǁȂǷƘƥ ǶȈǴǟ ǶȈȇƢƷ . Arztvormelder .ĺ -Ƣǯ ńƛ řǻȁǀƻƢȇ ǺǷƚǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ ňȂǳȂƥ ǾǴǏƗ .ǚǨŢ Ȑƥ Ǿƥ ǪƯƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǂȇǂǈǳơ Ŀ ȆǴȈǷǃ Ȃǿ ǶȈȇƢƷ ƢǰȈǻƢǰȈŭơ Ŀ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǲǤƬǌȇȁ ǾƬǼȀǷ ƤǈƷ ļƢǟƢǇ ȆǴȈƳ Ǻƥơ ǶȈǰƷ ǀȈǸǴƫȁ ȄǴǟȁ ǶȀƬǷơǂǯ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ Ŀ ǹȂƸƴǼȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǲƟȐǬǳơ ǺǷ Ȃǿ Ǯǳǀǳ ƨǇƢǈūơ .ǾƥƢƸǏȋ ǵơǂƬƷȏơ ƤǴŸ ȅǀǳơ ǲǸǠǴǳ ƾǟƗ Ǯǳǀǳ ǶȀǈǨǼƥ ǶȀƬǬƯ ǺǷ Ʊǂŵ ǹƗ ƢǻȁƽƢǻ ǄƦŬơ ǞȇǃȂƫȁ ǙƢǬȈƬǇȏơ ƾǠƥ :ǹƢǯ ơǀǰǿ ŅƢƬǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ Ǧǫȁ ƾǫ ǹƢǯ ǭƢǼǿ .ǑơǂǠƬǇȏơ ƨƷƢǇ Ƣȇơȁǃ ȃƾƷƛ ńƛ ƢǻȂǫƢǇ .ƨƯȐƯ ǞǷ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ǧǐǳơ ǺǷ Ʊǂƻ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ǵȂȈǴǳ Arztvormelder Ǳơ ǲǯ ǅƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ǦǏ .śǰƷƢǓ ơȁǂƴǨǻơ ǲǰǳơ .ǥȂǨǰǳơȁ ƨǠƦǬǳơȁ Ǧǰǳơ ǺƸǐǳơ ȅƾȇ ǺǷ ǀƻƗȁ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƾǼǟ ƨǇơǂūơ Ŀ ǶȀǠǓƗ ǹƗ ȁƗ ǥȂǨǰǳơ ƔœƻƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟơ ƪǈǳƗ ńƛ ǹȁǂǜǼȇ ĺ -Ƣǰǳơ ńƛ ǶȀƦǴƳ ǝȂǼŲ ǾǻƗ ƮȈƷ (ơƆƾƳ ƨŞǂŭơ ƨǬǨǐǳơ) ǞȈƥƗ ǹƗ ȁƗ Ƕǫǁ ǽƾǼǟ ƾƷơȁ ǺǷ ơƆǂǜƬǼǷ ȆǬƥ ǲǿ ơƿƢǷ :ǶȀǇȁƙǁ ǹȁǄȀȇȁ Ȇǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ȅǀǳơ Ƕǫǂǳơ ƩƢǫƢŧ ǲǸǠȇ ǹƗ ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ ŚƦǯ .ǹȁĈƾǠȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ƽŐǳơ Ŀ ȃǂǠƬǻ ǹƗ ǹȁǂǷƘȇ .ƢǼǻȁƾǠȇ ȏ Ƨǂǜǻ ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ .ǅƛ.ǅƛ ȅƾǼƳ ƔȆŸ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǵƢĈǸūơ ńƛ ƢǼǻȂưǠƦȇ ǺǷ ǾƳǂź .ȆǴǇƢǼƬǳơ ǽȂǔǟ ƣǂǫ ŚƦǯ ƹƢǨƬǻơ ƾƳȂȇ ƾƷơȁ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ǦǬȇ .ƧȏƢƦǷ ƢǼǳǃ ƢǷ ƢǼǻƗ ǞǷ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ǵƢǸƸƬǇȏơ ȄǴǟ ǹȁŐŸȁ ǹȁĈƾǠȇ ȃǂƻƛ ƧǂǷ Ǧǐǳơ ǹȁǄǿƢƳ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .Ƨǁơǂūơ ǺǷ ǹȂǬǼƬź ǒǠƦǳơȁ Ǳȁȋơ ǵƢǸƸƬǇȏơ ǺǷ śǴǴƦǷ ȁƾƦƫ ǂƻȉ śƷ ǺǷȁ ƔƢǔȈƥ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ȁƾƦƫ ǭƢƦǌǳơ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ .ȆƟƢȀǼǳơ ǎƸǨǴǳ ǵȂȈǤǳơ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ƨƠȈǔŭơ ǆǸǌǳơ ńƛ ƧǂǋƢƦǷ ǂǜǼǳơ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ Ǒǁȋơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ .ǆǸǌǳơ ƾǠƥ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ƩǂǷ ƔƢǸǈǳơ Ŀ ƢȀǠǫȂǷ ƤǈƷ .ǪǷƢǣ ƱƢƳǃ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ƢŶƘǯ ƪǇ Ƨơǂǟ ƢǼǷơƾǫƗ ȄǴǟ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǂǌǟ ǺŴ .ƨƥǁȂǌǴǳ ƢƆǟơƽȁ ǱȂǬǳơ ǺǰŻ .ǂȀǜǳơ .ƩƢǟƢǇ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ɣơƽǂǳơ ƢȀǫȂǧ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢǼǴưǷ ƨǘǫǂǷ ǆƥȐŠ) ƤȈƦǘǳơ ƨǴǿǀǷ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǄųƗ œǘǳơ ǎƸǨǳơ ǖǤǔȇ ǂǜǼȇ (ƢǼǷ Śưǰƥ ǂưǯƗ śũ Ȃǿȁ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ȄǴǟ Ǿǳ ǖċȈű Ƕǫǂǳơȁ ǒȈƥȋơ řȀŭơ Aufgenommen ǱȂǬȇ Ȃǿȁ Ńȋơ Ƨƾǋ ǺǷ ƹǂǏƗ ƨǧǃƢǼǳơȁ ƨƻȂǨǼŭơ ȆǴƳǁ ǂǜƬǻƗ ƨǌǿƾǳơ ǺǷ ƵȂƬǨǷ ǶǨƥ ǦǫƗ Ƣǻơ .(23 ǭȂǴƦǳơ ńƛ ǽȂƳǂƻƗ) Block 23 Ȇȇǂǟ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǨǘǠǷ Ǟǔȇ ƔơǁȂǳơ ńƛ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ňǂŸ ǶǿƾƷƗ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢƆȈǧƢǓƛ ƢƆƸȈǓȂƫ .ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ řǠǧƾȇȁ ȏƆ ƾǼǏ řȈǘǠȇ :ƣȂƬǰǷ ƣƢƦǳơ ǩȂǧ .23 Ƕǫǁ ǭȂǴƥ ƽȂƳȂǷ ǂƬǷ ƨƠǷ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ ǲƻơƾǳơ Ŀ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ǥǂǠȇ ǺǷ (ƩƢŪƢǠŭơ ǭȂǴƥ(Schonungsblock 23 ǲǯƢȈŮơ ǦǏ Ŀ ơƆŚƻƗ ǦǫƗ .ǁƉ Ƣǟ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƧǂǷ Ƣǻơȁ ǱƾǼǐǳơȁ ǦǘǠŭơ řǷ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ .ǵȂȈǳơ ŀƢǠƫ Ŗǳơ ƨȇǁƢǠǳơ ǺǷ ŚƦǯ ƾƷ ńƛ ƤǠƬǷ ƢǻƗ ĺ ǪǴǠƬȇ ƢǸȈǧ ǶȀǨǳơ ƨǳȁƢŰ Ǻǟ ƪǨǫȂƫ ǲȇȂǗ ǺǷǃ ǲƦǫ ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ ƾǸšƗ ƽƢǯƗ řƥǀǠȇ ǝȂŪơ .ƢǿȂŪƢǠȇ Ń Ŗǳơ ƨƷȁǂĐơ ȆǷƾǫ ȄǴǟ ǥȂǫȂǳơ ǃƢǤǳơ ƨǧǂǣ Ȇǿ ƢŠǁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǽǀǿȁ Śƻȋơ ȆǷȂȇ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈǳơ .ƾǠƥ ȆǿƢƦƬǻơ Śưȇ ƔȆǋ ȏ ǒǸǣƗ ǹƗ .ǁơƾŪơ ńƛ ƾǼƬǇƗ ǹƗ ǖǬǧ ǲǠǧƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ơƿƢǷ .ƢȀǼǟ ǞȈǸŪơ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ŗǳơ .ǂǜƬǻƗ ǹơȁ řȈǟ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ ǂċȀǘǷ Śǣ .ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ƢƆȇƽȂȀȇ ǆȈǳ œǻƢƳ ńƛ ǁȁƾǳơ Ŀ ǦǫơȂǳơ ǲȈŦ ǾǸǈƳȁ ǚǧ ǾȀƳȁ ƶƫƢǧ ǽƾǴƳ (ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƢȀƬǸǴǠƫ Ŗǳơ ǁȂǷȋơ ƾƷƗ ơǀǿ) ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨǨȈǘǳ ǾȀƳȁ ƨǼƸǇȁ ƨǷƢǬǳơ ǲȇȂǗ Ȃǿ ƽȂȀȈǴǳ ǆȈǳȁ śȈǻȂǳȂƦǴǳ ǄȈŲ ơǀǿȁ .ǝȂŪơ Ǳƿ ǺǷĉ ǹȂǻƢǠȇ ȏ ǺăǷ ƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ ǽƾš ơǀȀǯ ǾƳȁ ńƛ ǾƳȂƫȁ ǁơƽ .ǲƻƾǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ǹȂƸǸǈȇ ŕǷ ǥǂǠȇ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǾǳƘǇƗ ǹƗ ƪǳȁƢƷ Ŀ Ɣȁƾđ ǺĈƻƽȁ .ƔƢǷ ŖǘǬǻ ǲưǷ ǾȀƦǌȇ ǒȈƥƗ ƢƆȈǼȀǷ ƢƆȇĈǃ ǆƦǴȇ ȅǀǳơ ǶȈƷǂǳơ ǑǂǸŭơ ǮǈǷƗ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .ƽȂƳȂǷ Śǣ řǻƘǯ ňƢƦȈŸ Ń .ƢǰƸǓȁ ƢƯƽƢŢ ƾǬǳ .ƨǧǂǤǳơ ƨȇȁơǃ ǹƗ ǥǂǠȇ ǲǰǳơ .ǹȂǼů ǮƸǓ Ŀ ơǂƴǨǻơ ƢŷȐǯȁ ȆǸǫǁ ńƛ ǂǜǻ Ȇǟơǁǀƥ ƢŷƾƷƗ ǲƦǫ ơȂǴǏȁ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ơƆƾƳ ǹȂǧȁǂǠŭơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ .ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ ƽȂȀȇ Ƕǿ ǦǳƗ 174 Ǳơ ǹȂǠƥǁƗ ǶȀǼǷ ȆǬƥ ǹȉơȁ ƨƠǷ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ơȂǻƢǯ ƔƢƦǗƗ ǶȀǴǯ ǹȂǷƢŰ ǶȀǴǯ .ǺȇǂȀǋ 52

Ka-Be

ǺǷ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ǹȂǬǴƬȇȁ ǄƦŬơ ǶȀǼǷ ǀƻƘĄȇ ǹƗ ǂƐǰǧ ǲǸǠǳơ ǹȁƾȈŸ ȏ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ .ǖǬǧ ǹƢƬǼƯơ ǹơƾȇ) zwei linke Hände ǶĔȂǸǈȇ ǹƢŭȋơ .ƔƢǈŭơ ńƛ ƵƢƦǐǳơ .Ǌȇƾȇȏơ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ȏ ǶĔȋ ǁƢǬƬƷƢƥ ǶĔȂǴǷƢǠȇ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ŕƷ .(ǹƢƬȇǁƢǈȇ ƨǟƢǫ Ŀ Ȑ Ɔ ǰȈǿ ƪǼǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ Ȇǯǁȁ ǑȂƷ ňƢưǳơ ňȂǳȂƦǴǳ ǃŐȇ ǶȈƷǂǳơ ƹȋơ řƸǼȇ ǦȈǠǔǳơ ȆǬǼǟȁ śƻȂǨǼŭơ ř Ć ǨƳȁ ŖǼƳȁ ńƛ Śǌȇ .ƢȈǷȂƫƢǻȌǳ ƩơǂǓƢŰ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ǪȈǸǟ ǂǠǬǷ ƶǘǇ ƾƳȂǼȇ ǦȈǯ Ǿǳ ǂȀǜĄȇȁ ǭǁȂǳơ ȄǴǟ ǾǠƦǏƜƥ ǖǤǔȇȁ .Ȃƻǂǳơȁ ƤƷƢǌǳơ ȆǸū Ŀ ǖǤǔǳơ ǽǀȀǯ ƨǜǧ ƨǻƢǿƛ ǪǴƫƗ Ń řǻƗ Ņƛ ǲȈź .ňȂǳȂƦǳơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƫƗ Ń Ȃǳ ǲǔǧȋơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ňƿȋ ƧǂËǨĉ ǼǷ ƨǤǳ .Ņ ƨǷȂȀǨŭơ Śǣ ǾƬǤǴƥ ǵȐǰǳơ ňȂǳȂƦǳơ ȄĔƗ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ļƢȈƷ Ŀ Du Jude :řȈǇơȂȇ ŚƦǯ Ǫǧǂƥȁ ƨǰȈǯǁ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǤǴƥ Ņƛ ǾƳȂƫ .œǴǫ ǪƸǈƫȁ .ƪȈǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƪǻƗ) kaputt. Du schnell Krematorium fertig .(ǾĊ ƬǼǷ ǵȂȇǁƢƫȂǷǁƢǯ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƪǻƗ ǹȁȌŻȁ ǺǘǬǳơ ǶĔȂǘǠȇ ǹȂŪƢǠȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǲǰǳ ơȁƽƢǼȇ ŕƷ ǂŤ ǥȂǇ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ƨƾǟ ƨǫơĈǂƥ ƨǘǫǂǷ ƧƾȇƾƳ ǆƥȐŠ ƾƷơȁ .Śƻȋơ ƢǻƗ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ ȄǓǂǸǯ ƨǏƢŬơ ǶēƢǫƢǘƥ ǑơǂǷƗ ƨȇƘƥȁ ƽȏȁƗ ȅƾǳ ǹƢǯ ǲǿȁ "ƨȈǻƾŭơ" ŖǼȀǷ Ȇǿ ƢǷȁ Ʃƾǳȁ ǺȇƗ řǳƘǇ ƧƾǬǠǷ ƨȈƷǂǈǷ ȃȂǇ ơǀǿ ǆȈǳ ơƿƢŭ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢŮ ƨȇƢĔ ȏ ƨǴƠǇƗ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ƪǓǂǷ Ƨơǂǟ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻȁŐŸ ȄǨǌƬǈǷ Ȃǿ ơǀǿȁ ƔǄŮơȁ ƨȇǂƼǈǳơ ǞǓȂǷ ƢǼǠǓȁ ƢȀǧƾǿ .ƨǴƠǇƗ ǹȂǳƘǈȇȁ ǄƳơȂƷ ƨƯȐƯ ƢȀǼȈƥȁ ƩƢǬƦǗ ƭȐưƥ ǮƟơǁȋơ ǺǷ ǦǏ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ƆơŚƻƗȁ ƨǰȇǁƗ ǲǯ Ŀ ǹƢǼƯơ ƆƢǔȇǂǷ śǈŨȁ śƬƠǷ ŅơȂƷ ƨǰȇǁƗ ǹȂǈŨȁ ƨƠǷ ƆơƾƳ ƨǬȈǓ ǅȂǴŪơ ǹȂǠȈǘƬǈȇ ȏ .ǦǬǈǳơ ńƛ ǹȂǗȂǤǔǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢȈǴǠǳơ ǮƟơǁȋơ Ŀ ǹȂǬǴƬǈŭơ .ơȂǴǏȁ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƽƾŪơ ơȁǂȇ ǹȋ ǝȐǘƬǇơ ƤƷ ǞǷ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǶȀǷƢǈƳƗ ǹȂǼŹ Ǯǳǀǳ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ƾŸ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǹƜǧ ƤǳƢǤǳơ ȄǴǟ Ǿǻȋ ǁƢȀǼǳơ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ŀ ƧǁƢƯƛ ǂưǯȋơ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .śǷƽƢǬǳơ śƥ ǾǧǂǠȇ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƨǰȇǁȋơ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ƽƾŤƗ .ƨǣǁƢǧ ƨǰȇǁȋơ !ƨƦȈƴǟ Ƨǂǌǟ Ƕǫǁ ƨǰȇǁƗ ňȂǘǟƗ ǹƗ ǞǷ .Ņ ƢȀǴǯ ƨǰȇǁƗ ǹȂǰƫ ǂǰǈǠǸǴǳ ŅȂǏȁ ǀǼǷ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .ǝƢƬǸƬǇƢƥ .ƢƆǬȈǸǟ ƢƆǷȂǻ ǵƢǻƗ ǪƟƢǫƽ Ƨǂǌǟ ǺǷ ǲǫƗ ƾǠƥ řǻƜǧ ƆơƾƳ řǬȇƢǔȇ ǝȂŪơ ƢǷ ǲȈǴǫ ȅƾǈŪơ ǅƚƦǳơ .5ǅȂƦǸȈǴǳơ Ŀ ƔƢǬƦǳơ ǹȂȀƦǌȇ ƔƢȈƷȋơ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǬǴƬȇ ȏȁ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ȏ ơƽǁƢƥ ǆȈǳ .ǑǂŭƢƥ ƨǘƦƫǂŭơ ƧƢǻƢǠŭơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǖǬǧ Ȃǿ ǪȇƢǔȇ .ǹȂǻƢǬǳơ ƽƢƷ ǲǰǌƥ ơȂǫǂƻ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ǱƢǈƬǣȏơ ƤŸ ǉơǂǨǳơ ȆǗ ƤŸ .ƢƆƷƢƦǏ ƨǠƥơǂǳơ ĿÅ ƢǔȇƗ ǹȂǜǬȈƬǈȇ ȄǓǂŭơ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ .ǄƦŬơ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ǦǐǼǳơȁ ƨǈǷƢŬơ Ŀ .ǢǳƢƦǷ ƾȀŝ ǆȈǳȁ Ɣȁƾđ Ǻǰǳȁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ǲǯƘǻ ǹƗȁ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǦǬǋ ńƛ ƨƦƳȂǳơ ǶǈǬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǲǯȋơ Ŀ ƨǟǂǈǴǳ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ƾǟȂǷ ŕƷ ǵȂǼǳơ ǺǰŻ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥ ǂȇǂǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ǅȂǴŪơ ǱȐƻ Ɣȁƾđȁ .ǂȀǜǳơ ƾǠƥ ƨƷơǂƬǇơ MittagsruheǂȀǜǳơ ƾǠƥ ƨǠƥơǂǳơ ŕƷ .ǂȀǜǳơ Ŀ ƨƷơǃƛ ǮƟơǁȋơ Ǻǟ ǱȁǄǼǳơ ƤŸ .ƩƢƳȐǠǳơȁ ƔƢƦǗȋơ ƧǁƢȇǃ ƨƷơǂƬǇȏơ ƾǠƥȁ .ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ƔƢǌǠǳơ ƨƦƳȁ ƢƆǔȇƗ .Ǧǐǳơ Ŀ ǥȂǫȂǳơȁ ǺǘǬǳơ .ǪƦǘǷ ƪǸǏ .ǅǁƢūơ ǲȇƾǼǫ ơƾǟ ƢǷ ǁơȂǻȋơ ƔƢǨǗƛ ƨǠǇƢƬǳơ Ŀ .ƧĈǂǇȋơ Ŀ ƢŶƘǯ ǆƷƗȁ ǪȈǸǟ ǵȂǻ ƾǠƥ ǚǬȈƬǇƗ ƢǻƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ǀǼǷ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǸǴǳ ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷ ƢǼǻơƿƕ ńƛ ǲǐƫ ǄƦŬơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ƾǼǟ ǂƴǨǳơ ǞǴǘǷ ǞǷ .ǵƾǠǳơ ǺǷ ƪƳǂƻ .ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ǹȂƳǂźƔƢĈƸǏȋơ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ǹƗ řǠȇ ƢǷ.ƢĔȂǧǄǠȇ ơȁƗƾƥ Ŗǳơ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơ ƩơȂǏƗ ǹȂǳ ȁƿ Ǻū ǅƢǇȋƢƥ ǲǐȇ ƢǼǻơƿƕ ńƛ .ƵȂǓȂƥ ǞǸǈƫ ȏ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǶȀƴȈƴǓ Ǟǫȁ ȄǴǟ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƱȂǼǐǳơȁ ŚƦǰǳơ ǲƦǘǳơ ƩƢƥǂǓ .ƾƷơȁ

Ŗǳơ ǅȂǨǼǳơ ŘǰǇ ǹƢǰǷ :ƨȈƸȈǈŭơ ƢȈƳȂǳȂưȈŭơ Ŀ ƨǫǂƄơ ńƛ ǲǏȂŭơ ǄȈǴǿƾǳơ* 5 ǅȂǨǻ ƢȀȈǧȁ ƨǫǂƄơ Ŀ ńȁȋơ ƧǂƟơƾǳơ :Ŗǻơƾǳ ƨȈŮȍơ ƢȇƾȈǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ .ǍȐŬơ ǂǜƬǼƫ Ǻȇǀǳơ śȈƸȈǈǷ Śǣ Ǻȇǀǳơ ŃƢǠǳơ ȂǬȇƾǏ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ǶēȂǷ ǲƦǫ ơȁƾĈǸǠă ȇĄ Ń Ǻȇǀǳơ ƽȏȁȋơ .(ǶƳǂƬŭơ) ƶȈǈŭơ ǝȂǈȇ ǺǷ ǍȐŬơ ǹȁǂǜƬǼȇ 54

Ka-Be

ǂǜǼǻ ƧĈǂǇȋơ Ŀ ǺŴ .ƢǼȈǳƛ ƢȀƦǴŸ ƶȇǂǳơ Ƥǿ ƢǷ ǲǯ ƨǠǘǬƬŭơ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơ ǞǘǬƥ ƨǜƷȐŭơ .ǹƢǘȈǌǳơ ǹƢūƗ ȏƐ ƛ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ǹƢūȋơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǆŴ ƢǼǠȈŦ ƢǼǻȋ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƾƷơȂǳơ .ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƆƢƷƢƦǏȁ ƔƢǈǷ ǁǂǰƬƫȁ ƽƢǠƫ .Ƨǂǌǟ řƯơ ŅơȂƷ ƨǴȈǴǬǳơ ƩƢǨȈƫȂŭơ ǹȂǰƬǇȁ ƢǼƫǂǯơƿ Ŀ ƢƆǬȈǸǟ ƩǂǨŴơ ƢȀƦŹ ňƢŭƗ ǲǯ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƨȈƦǠǋ ǹĊ ƢǣƗȁ ƩƢǋǁƢǷ ȅǂƬǷȂȈŪơ ǹȂǼƴǴǳ ŚƦǠƫ Ȇǿ ǹƢūȋơ ǽǀǿ .ǽƢǈǼǻ ǥȂǇ ȅǀǳơ ƾȈƷȂǳơ ƔȆǌǳơ ƢǼƷȁǁ ȏƆ ȁƗ ơȁƾȈƦȇ ǹƗ ƢǻŚǐǷ ƧƽƢǈǳ ǵǁƢǐǳơ ǁơǂǬǳơ ǆǰǠƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȇǿȁ .ǂǰǈǠǸǴǳ .ƢƆȈǴǯ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ƢǻȂǴƬǬȇ ŕƷ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ǲưǷ ǹȂǌŻ ƣƢƦǔǳơ Ŀ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơ ǞǸąǈƫĄ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǩơǁȁȋơ ƶȇǂǳơ ǭǂŢ ƢǸǯ ǶȀǯǂŢ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơȁ ƨƬďȈǷ ƪƸƦǏƗ ǶȀƷơȁǁƗ Ņȉơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȇǿ ƨǬǨƻ ǲǯ ƧȂǘƻ Ȇǿ ǲƦǗ ƨƥǂǓ ǲǯ .Ƕēƽơǁƛ ƧȂǫ Ȇǿ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơ .ƨǈƥƢȈǳơ ơȂǳȂŢ ǅƢǼǳơ ǥȂǳƗ Ʃơǂǌǟ :ǹƢŭȋơ ƶų ƾǬǳ ƨƬďȈǷ Ƨƽơǁȍơ .ƨǨȈǠǔǳơ ƩȐǔǠǴǳ ƤȈǴǐƫ .ǹȂǌŻ .ƢƆƠȈǋ ǹȁƾȇǂȇ ȏȁ ǹȁǂǰǨȇ ȏ Ƕǿ ǶƼǓ ǲǰȈǿ ńƛ ǺăǷ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ƽȂǼƳ ƢǸȀƦǫơǂȇ ƧƽȂǠǳơ ƧŚǈǷ Ŀȁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ ƱȁǂŬơ ƧŚǈǷ Ŀ ƩǀƻƌƗ ǅƢǻƗ ǶȀƳƢƬǻƛ ǺǷ Ȇǿ Ŗǳơ ƨȈƷǂǈŭơ ǽǀǿ ƧƾǿƢǌǷ ǺǷ ǶȀǠǼŻ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳƗ .ǾǼǷ ǶēƽȂǟ Ŀȁ ƣƢƦǔǳơ ńƛ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ Ŀ ƩƢǟȂǸů ǹȂǻƢȀȇ Ƕēƽơǁƛ ǶȀǼǷ ǶǿǁƢǐƬǻȍ ƢƆǠǗƢǫ ơƆƾȀǌǷ ơǀǿ .ǾǼǷ ƧƽȂǠǳơȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ƱȁǂƼǴǳ ǵȏȉơ ǪȇǂǗ ơƆƾȈƳ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ ȂǼǯƢǇ ŕƷ ƩȂŭơ ȅƽơȁ ńƛ ǡƢǷƾǳơ ǱďȂŢ Ŗǳơ ƧǂǸƬǈŭơ ƧŚƫȂǳơ ǽǀǿ ǂȇƾƼƬǳơ ơǀǿ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ǺǷ ǂƸǈǳơ ǕȂǘƻ ǪȇǄŤ ƤŸ Ǻǰǳȁ ơƆŚưǯ ǽȂƥǂƳ ƾǬǳ .Ńȋơ ǦǨţ ƢȀǼǰǳȁ ǁƢǰǧȌǳ ƢǸǯȁ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ǹȉơ ǲǠǨǻ ƢǸǯ ǖƦǔǳƢƥ ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ ƨǷƽƢǬǳơ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơ ǝƢũ ǲƳƗ ơƆƾȈƦǟ ƢǼǈǳ ƢǷƾǼǟ ơǀǰǿ ǖǬǧ .ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƧƽȏȂǳơ ƾǠƥ ǂȇǂƸƬǳơ ƾǠƥ ǹȉơ ƢǿǂǯǀƬǻȁ ǂǰǨǻ ǺǷ ǹȉơ ǖǬǧ .ǾƬȈǿƢǷ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ƔƢȈǸǠǳơ ƨǟƢǘǳơ ǲǇȐǈƥ ǺȇƾȈǬǷ ƢǼǈǳȁ ǂƸǈǴǳ ǱƢǨƬƷȏơ ơǀǿ ǖȈǘţ ńƛ ǹƢŭȋơ Ǟǧƽ ȅǀǳơ ǪǘǼŭơ ǁȁǀƳ ǶȀǧ ǱȁƢŴ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǵƾǳơ ǽǀǿ ƨƳƿƢǈǳơ ǹƢūȋơ ƾƷƗ ƢǼƬǴȈű Ŀ ǞǨƫǂȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǵȂȈǳơ ŕƷ ơƿƢŭȁ .ǥǂǬŭơ

55

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƽȂǠǻ ǹƗ ƢƆȇƽƢǟ ƢƆƠȈǋ Ǻǰȇ Ń ǾǻƘƥ ǭơǁƽȍơ ƢǼȈǧ Śưƫ ƩƢȇǂǯǀǳơ ǽǀǿ .ƢǼǫȁǂǟ Ŀ ƾǸƴƬȇ .ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ńƛ ǹƢȇƿƢŰ ƨǴȈǴǳơ ǲǯȁ ǵȂȈǳơ ǲǯ ǹƢǈǳƢƳ .ǹơǁƢƳ Ŗǰȇǁȋ ƨȇƿƢƄơ ƨǰȇǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ǲąƳǁƎ .ǚūơ ƣȏȁƽ Ŀ śƬǰũ ƢǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ƾǈŪ ǪǏȐǷ ƾǈƳ ǂƻȊǳ ƢŷƾƷƗ Ȃǿ .ƣǀȀǷȁ ǦǬưǷ ȅƾǼǳȂǿ ǹȂƥ ǂƬǳȁȁ Ȅǟƾȇ ƢŷƾƷƗ .ǾǴȈǷǃ ǅƗǁ ƣǂǫ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǲƥƢǬǷ ǾǠȈƦȇ ǹƗ ƵǂƬǬȇ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǾǼȈǰǇ ňŚǠȈǧ ǄƦŬơ Ǿƥ ǶǈǫƗ ƢǷ ȆǠǷ ǆȈǳ ǚƷȐȇ ƮǴưƥ śǰǇ Ɣơǂǋ ǺǰŻ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ Ǿǻȋ ǱǃƢǼƫƗ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ƣǂēƗ ƢǻƗ .ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ȏ ǂƬǳȁȁ .śǰǈǳơ ňŚǠȇ ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ƾƳƗ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ĺ -Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ƢǼǿ ǾǻƗ ǲǷƘƫƗ ƢǻƗȁ ƨƦƳȂǳơ ƨǬǠǴŭơ ǦōǜǻƗȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ȄǈƬƷơ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ǂąȀǜƌ ǳơ Ŀȁ ƣƽƘƥ ǥǂǐƬǳơ ǲǏơȂȇ .ƤǔǤȇ řȈǘǠȇ Ȃǿȁ (ƨǬǠǴŭƢƥ ƪǬǴǟ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƨǘǬǻ ŕƷ ǞȈǔƫ ȏ Ȇǰǳ ƧƽȂǸŰ ƨǬȇǂǗ) ǾȈƬǨǌƥ .ǾǼǷ ƢȀƦǴǗƗ ǹƗ ǹȁƽ ƢǿƢȇƛ ǂƬǳȁȁ Ƣȇ ǮǓǂǷ Ȃǿ ƢǷǺǰŻ ȏ .ơƆƔȂǇ ƾǋȋơ Ǒǂŭơ ǶǈŪơ Ŀ ǱȂƥƿ – KörperschwächeǂȀǜƫ Ń Ȃǳ .ǎȈƼǌƬǳơ ơǀǿ ƤƦǈƥ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ơƆƾƳ Śǘƻ ǾƬŪƢǠǷ ǾǈǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŹ ǹƢǯ ǲǸǠǴǳ ƱȁǂŬƢƥ Ǿǳ ƶǸǈƫ ȏ (ƢǿƢȇƛ řȇǂȇ) śǴƳǂǳơ Ŀ ǲǷƢǷƽ .ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ ńƛ ǲǐȇ ȏ Ȇǰǳ ƧȂǬƥ Śǣ ǲǰǌƥ .ƢȀǼǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǲǰǳơ .ǁƢǘƻȋơ ǽǀǿ ǱȂƷ ƨǴƦǴƦǷ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǖǬǧ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢƆǷƢŤ ǹȂƬǸǐȇȁ Ņƛ ǹȁǂǜǼȇ ƨǴƠǇƗ ǱƘǇƗ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǃȂǷǂǳƢƥ ǂǋƢƦǷ ǱȂƷ ǃƢǤǳơ ǹơǂǧƗ ǱȂƷ "ƢȈǈǰȈǴȈǈǳơ" ǱȂƷ ƩƢǠƟƢǌǳơ Ŀ ƨǬȈǬƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƿƛ ǵȂȇǁȂǘǷơǂǰǳơ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǺăǷ ǆǴŸ ǦǬȇ ƆơǁȂǟǀǷ ǚǬȈƬǈȇ ǂƬǳȁȁ ǁƢƳ ǂƻȉơ .ǵȂȇǁȂǗȂǷơǂǯ ňȂǳȂƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƨƷơǁ Ŀ ǵȂǼǳƢƥ ǹȂƸǸǈȇ ȏƭƾŹ ȅǀǳơ ƢǷ ǵȂȇǁȂǗȂǷơǂǰǳơ ǱȂƷ ǂƬǳȁȁ .Ƨƽơƾūơ ǾƬǼȀǷ ǮȈǳȂſ Ǿũơ .ƢƆƥƢǋ ǆȈǳ .ƤǴǬǳơ ƤďȈǗ ȁƉ ƢȀƬǷ ǾȀƳȁ ȂǼȈƦǳơ Ȃǳ ƽȂȇ ǮȈǳȂſ ƢȈǈǰȈǴȈǈǳƢƥ ǺǷƚȇ ȏ ňƢȈǴǘǳơ ơǀǰǿ :ǉƾȇȏƢƥ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ Ǿǳ Ƶǂǌȇ 56

Ka-Be

ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ Ȃǿ Ǿǻȋ ǖǬǧ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǶȀǧƗ ƢǻƗ .Ǌȇƾȇȏơ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǾǼǰǳȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ȆǠǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ .řǠǼǬȇ Ȃǿ ƾȇ ƨǯǂŞ ǂƬǳȁȁ ƪǰǈȇ Ȃǿ .ǽȂǸȀǨȇ ơƆǂȀǋ ǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢť ǲƦǫ ƩƗƾƥ ǽǀǿ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ƨǟȂǸů .174517 ƪǻƗ ǮǸǫǁ ňǁƗ ƢǻȂƥ Ŀ ƢǼǿ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ƧǁȁƢĐơ ƩơǂǰǈǠŭơȁ ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ȃǂǇƗ ǝǁƿƗ ȄǴǟ ƧǁȂǨŰ Ȇǿȁ Wo ȅƢǼǯŚƥȁ ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ƔƢǼƴǇ ǞǷ ƢƆǨǳƗ ǹȂƯȐƯ ƢŠǁȁ ǥȏƕ Ƨǂǌǟ ǊƬǧȂǻȂǷ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ǺȇƗ ?sind die Andere .Ƨǂǰǧ ƵǂǗƗ ƢǻƗ "ȃǂƻƗ ƩƢǸȈű ńƛ ǶǿȂǴǬǻ ƢŠǁ" ǆȈǳ Er will nix verstayen :ǂƬǳȁȁ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬȇȁ ǾǇƗǁ ǭǂŹ ǮȈǳȂſ .ǶȀǨȇ ǹƗ ơƆƾǠƬǈǷ ǮȈǳȂſȁ ȆǨǻƗ Ƕǣǁ ĄƪǸȀǧ Śǐǫ ǺǷǃ ƾǠƥȁ ǂǷȋơ Ŀ ƪǻƢǯ ǁƾǬǳơ ƾȇ Ǻǰǳȁ !Achtung ƹǂǐȇ ƩȂǏȁ ƨǬȇǂǐǳơ ƣƢƥ ƶƬǨǻơ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ .ƢƆȈƷ ƢƆǻƢǿǂƥ ǹƢǯ ǾǈǨǻ .ƩȂŭơ ƩȂǰǇ .ƩȂǏ ǲǯ ƪǸǏ ƨǜū Ŀȁ .ƪǐǻƗ ƢǸēơȂǘƻ (ǖƥƢǓ .ƨȈǳƢǟ ƨƳǁƽ ƩơǁƢǋƛ ƢŷƾƷȋ) Ȑƻƽ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǺǷ ǹƢȇƾǼƳ Ȃǿȁ ȆǈȈƟǂǳơ ƤȈƦǘǳơ ǞǷ ǹƢƯƾƸƬȇ .ƨǣǁƢǧ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ƔƢǔǧ Ŀ ƾǿƾē ǂƬǧƽ Ŀ ǲƴǈȇ ǖƥƢǔǳơ .ǮƟơǁȋơ ńƛ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ Śǌȇ .ƩƢǜƷȐǷ ǂƬǧƽ ƢǸȀȇǂĄȇ ."ǾƦƬǻơ ǾƦƬǻơ ".ȆǓȂƷ ǆŻ ǮȈǳȂſ ǹƗ ǾƫƢǜƷȐǷ ƣǂǔȇ ǮƟơǁȋơ śƥ ǽƢƦƬǻơ ǹȁƾƥ ƆƢƬǷƢǏ ǱȂƴƬȇ ǾǠǷ ƤȈƦǘǳơ Śǈȇ ȅǀǳơ ǖƥƢǔǳơ ǝǂǈȇ ǒȇǂŭơ .ƨȈǳƢǠǳơ ƧǂǇȋơ ƾƷƗ ǺǷ ǃǁƢƦǳơ ƨȈǻƢǘƦǳơ ǥǂǗ ǽƾȇ Ŀ ȅǀǳơ ǕȂǈǳƢƥ ƨǳƢŞ ǾȀƳȁ ǒȇǂǷ ƣǂǫ ǦǬȇ .ǵƾǬƬǳơ ǲǏơȂȇ ǖƥƢǔǳơ .ƨȈǻƢǘƦǳơ ƤȈƫǂƫ ńƛ ȏƆ ȂǿǀǷ "gut, gut" ǾǼǘƥ ǆŻ ǖƥƢǔǳơ .Ǧšǂȇ ơǀǿȁ ǾƬȈǻƢǘƦƥ ǮǈŻ ƤƷƢǋ ƨƠȈǇ .Śǈǳơ ǲǏơȂȇȁ (ƢƆǼǈƷ ƢƆǼǈƷ) Ƕǫǂǳơȁ ǂȇǂǈǳơ Ƕǫǁ ǎƸǨȇ ǽǂƬǧƽ Ŀ ǂǜǼȇ .ǮȈǳȂſ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ .ƢǼƦǻƢƳ ńƛ Ǧǫȁ ƨǰȇǁƗ ƣǂǫ ƤȈǴǐǳơ ƨǷȐǟ .ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ȃǁƗ ƢǻƗ ȄǴǟȋơ ǺǷ .Ǿǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ǁȂǨƄơ .Śǈǳơ ǲǏơȂȇ .ǮȈǳȂſ 57

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ǻǟ ƪǨǫȂƫ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ ǺǷ .ǂƬǳȁȁ řȈǟ ǚƷȏƗ ǽƾǠƥȁ ǮȈǳȂſ ńƛ ǂǜǻƗ ƢǻƗ ǹȉơ Ŀ ǶǿǂȇǂŢ ȅǂŸ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƔƢƸǏȋơ ƨǟȂǸů ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ŅƢƬǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ .Ǳơƚǈǳơ ǲƟơȁȋơ .ǲƻƾŭơ ƣǂǫ ǹƢƬǴǐǨǼǷ ǹƢƬǟȂǸů ǂƻȉơ Ɣơǁȁ ơƆƾƷơȁ ơȂǨǫȁ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ơȂǬǴƬȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƱȁǂŬơ ƽǂĐ ơȂƳǂƻ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ǶǿǂǠǋȁ ǶĔȂǫƿ ơȂǬǴƷ ơȂǸƸƬǇơ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǶȀǼǷ ƾƷƗ ƤǴǘȇ Ń .ǶĔȂǫƿ ơȂǬǴŹ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ơȂǸƸƬǈȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƆƢƳȐǟ .ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǶȀƟȐǷǄǳ ƧŚǤǏ ƲȈƴǓ ǹȁƾƥ Ɔơƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ǞǓơȂƬƥ ơǀǰǿȁ .ǮȈǳȂſ ǹƢǯ ǺȇǂƻƘƬŭơ śƥ Ƥǿƿ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ǭơƿ ƧǂǷȁ ơǀǿ ƧǂǷ ƤȈǐȇȁ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ ǦƟơǂǏ Ŀ ǲƬǬǳơ ȅǂŸ Ɣȁƾđ Ŀ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǂǜǼǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ńȁ ƢǼƬǸǏ ƢǻƗȁ ǂƬǳȁȁ .śǰǈǳơȁ Ǧǰǳơ Ņ ǭǂƫ ǮȈǳȂſ ĺ ƨǏƢŬơ ǄƦŬơ ƨƦƳȁ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ǦȈǯ ǂƬǳȁȁ řǳƘǇ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .ǂƻȉơ řȈǟ ǺǷ ƮȈŞ ƆƢǠǘǫ ƢƆǠǘǫ ǾƬƦƳȁ ǞŏǘǬƊ ȇĄ ƧƽƢǟ Ȃǿ ǾǻƗ ǂĈǈǧȁ .ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆǼǷǃ .ƢǼȇǂƳǂŭƢƥ ƢȀǼǿƾǻ ǹƗ ǲȀǈǳơ ƢǼǿ .ƨƷơǂƬǇȏơ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǽƢǼǠǷ Schonungsblock:ƧŚưǯ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǂǈǨȇ ǂƬǳȁȁ ǶȀǼȈƥ ƩƢƳȐǠǳơ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ơȂǈȈǳ Ǻȇǀǳơ "ǒǠƦǳơ ǭƢǼǿȁ" ȄǓǂŭơ ȁƗ ǹȂȀǬǼƬŭơ ǶȈǬȇ .ƧǁȂǘŬơ ǺǷ ƨƫȁƢǨƬǷ ƩƢȇȂƬǈǷ Ŀ ƢȇǁƢǘǻǄȇƾǳƢƥ ƢƆǔȇǂǷ śǈŨ ŅơȂƷ ǹƢƬƦǴǟ ǽǂƻƕ Ŀ .ǂǸŭơ ǱȂǗ ȄǴǟ ǦǏ Ŀ ǹȂǨǬȇ .ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ ǲǯ ǹȂǐƸƒǨȇĄ Ɣȏƚǿ ȄǓǂŭơ .ƨǟƢǇ ǽƾȇ Ŀȁ ǍƢǏǁ ǶǴǫȁ ƩȐȈƴǈƫ ǂƬǧƽ .ǑǂŲ ƢǸđǂǬƥȁ ǮǼƬǳơ ǺǷ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǱȐƻ .śǳȂȀǈǷ ơȂǳơǃ ƢǷ ǶĔƗ ǲƄơ Ŀ ơȂǼǿŐȇ ǹƗ ƤŸȁ ƆƢƳơȁǃƗ ǹȂǷƾǬƬȇ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǹȂǴǈǤȇ ǶǰŹȁ ȃǂȇ ȅǀǳơ ǑǂǸǸǴǳ ƨƴȈƬǼǳơ ǹȁǂȀǜȇ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǖƦǔǳƢƥ .ǹơǂƻƕ ǹƢǼƯơ ƔȆŸ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ ƾǠƥ śǸưǳơ ǹƢǿŐǳơ ȄǴǟ ǶȀǼǘƥ Ŀ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴǳ ǹȁȂƬǴȇ ǁȁƾǳơ Ŀ śǨǫơȂǳơ ǒǠƥ ǃơŐǳơ ơȂƳǂź ǹƗ ǹȁǁƾǬȇ ȏ ƪǫȂǳơ ǆǨǻ Ŀ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹȁǂƻȉơ .ǪƟƢǫƽ ǂǌǟ ȁƗ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ǶǴǬƥ ƤǠǴȇ Ǧǫơȁ ǑǂǸŭơ .śǸưǳơ ǹƢǿŐǳơ ơȂƳǂź ŕƷ ǶēƽǁȁƗȁ ǶēȐǔǟ ǹȁǂƫȂȇ ǁƢƯ ơƿƛȁ ǾȈǳƛ Ƣđ ǹȂƫƘȇ Ŗǳơ ƧƽƢŭơ Ŀ ǂǜǼȇ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ Ɣȁƾđ ǽƾȇ Ŀ ǍƢǏǂǳơ ǺǷ ȂǼȈǻȂǇ ȁŚƥ .ňȁǄȈǳ ƔƢƳ ǥǁƢǠŭơ ƾƷƗ .ƤȈƦǘǳơ ńƛ ƧƽƢŭƢƥ Ƥǿǀȇ ǾǻƜǧ Ǯǋ 58

Ka-Be

ƢǼǿ ƮǰŻ Ȃǿȁ .ǦȈǨƻ ƔƢǠǷƗ ƣƢȀƬǳơ ȁŚƦǳ ."ǾǠǷ ƢȀƬƦǠǳ ǦȈǯ ƪȇƗǁ ǲǿ" .ƢǷȁǁ .ƢƆǷȂȇ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ǹƗ ǶǸǐǷ Ȃǿȁ ƢȈǈǰȈǴȈǈǳƢƥ ǦƼƬǈȇȁ ǺǸǈȇ ƶȇǂƬǈǷ .ơƆƾȈƳ ƢƆǇƢǈƷƛ ǆŹȁ ȆǬȈǬƷ ǒȇǂǷ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ǦǬȇ :ǾƬǘƻ .ƔƢƬǌǳơ ƨȇƢĔ ŕƷ Ǻť ȅƘƥ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ȄǬƦȇ ȁƗ ƨƥǁȂǋ ǲƥƢǬǷ) ǽƾǟƢǈȇ ǹƗ ǒȇǂŭơ ǺǷ ƤǴǘȇ ǽǁȁƽ ǲǐȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƢȇǁƢǘǻǄȇƾǳƢƥ ƧƽȂƳȂŭơ) ƨƴǔǳơ Ŀ ƣȂƦǻȋơ ǱƾƦȇ ƨȈǻƢưǳ Ȃǳȁ ȆȀƬǴȇ ǑǂǸŭơȁ ơǀǿ Ǫǧơȁ ơƿƛȁ (ǄƦƻ ŕƷ Ǻǰǳȁ ƧǁȂǘŬơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ǥǂǠȇ ȁŚƥ .ƶƴǼƫ ƨǟƾŬơȁ (ǦǫơȂǳơ ǁȂƥƢǘǳơ Ŀ ƢƆǸƟơƽ .ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƶų ǹȉơ ƨƥƢǫǂǴǳ ǥǂǬŭơ ƾȀǌŭơ ǆȈǳ .ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ǅƢǇȋơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǆȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢȈǈǰȈǴȈǈǳơ Ŀ ǂƫȂƬǳơ ƩƢǜū ŕƷ ȏȁ ǑơǂǷȋơ ǆȈǳ ǱƢȀǇȍơ ǎƸǧȁ ǲǸǬǳơ ȄǴǟ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ǱơǄȇ ȏ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨȇƾǈŪơ ƩƢƥȂǠǐǳơ ǹȁƾƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ȃǿ .ĺ -Ƣǰǳơ Ǻǟ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ȏ ǲǸǟ ȅƗ ǺǷ ƨǣǁƢǨǳơȁ ƨǴȇȂǘǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ ǱȐƻ .ǾȈǼȈǟ ƶƬǨȇȁ ǂǰǨȇ ŚǤƬǳơ Ǻǟ Ʈȇƾūơ ńƛ ǹȂǴǐȇ ƧǁȁǂǔǳƢƥȁ .ȃǂƻƗ ƢȇƢǔǫ Ǻǟ ƢŶƛȁ ǲǸǠǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ .ƧƢȈūơ ǽǀǿ ƨȈǿƢǷ Ŀȁ ƢǼǷ ǀĉƻƗ ƢǷ Ŀ ŚǰǨƬǳơȁ ƢǼǳ ƭƾƷ ȅǀǳơ Ƥȇǂǫ ƢŲ ǂưǯƗ ǁƢȈĔȏơ ǺǷ ƨƦȇǂǫ Ȇǿȁ ơƆƾƳ ƨĈǌǿ ƢǼƬȈǐƼǋ ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ ƨƟƽƢŮơ ƧǂȇǄŪơ ơȂǻƢǯ "ƽȂǠƫ ƣơǂƬǳơ ńƛȁ ƣơǂƬǳơ ǺǷ" ơȂǳȂǬȇ ǹƗ Ǳƾƥ ǶĔƗ Ȃǳ ƢǼƟƢƥƕ ƔƢƥƕ .ƾǈŪơ ƢŮ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ .ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƨȈǐƼǌǳơ ǹơƾǬǧ Ȃǿȁ ƢǼǳ ǺǷƢǰǳơ ŚƦǰǳơ ǂǘŬơ ǱȂƷ ǹȂƯƾƸƬȇ ǲǯ ơȂǴǸǟơ :ƨǤǴǳơ ǽǀđ ǹȂǰƫ ǹơ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ ȃǂǌƥ Ʊǂţ ǹƗ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ..ƢǼǿ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǑƎǂǧƌ ƢǷ ǶǰƫȂȈƥ Ŀ ƭƾŹ ȏ ŕƷ ƔȆǋ ȃǂǯƿ Śǣ ƪǈȈǳ ƢǼƫȂȈƥ ǁƢǰǧȌǳ ǡơǂǧ ƪǫȁ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳȁ ƣǀǠƬǻ ǲǸǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƧŚƴƷ ǺǷ ǂƻȉơ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǁȁǄǻ ƢǼǻƜǧ ǞǼŭơ Ƕǣǁ .ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ƢǼƬǫȁ ƢǼǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ơƆƾƳ ƧƾȈǠƥ ƤǴǤƬƫ ǩơȂǋȋơȁ ƣơǀǠǳƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƨȈƦǌŬơ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ .ǶǴǰƬǻ ǶǴǰƬǻ ǶǴǰƬǻ .ȃǂƻƗ ńƛ ȄǸǈĄȇ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴǳơ Ŀ ƢǼƥȂǴǫ ȌŻ ȅǀǳơ ŚƦǰǳơ Ńȋơ ƢƆǏȂǐƻȁ .ƢǼȈǴǟ .ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ śǼūơ :ƢǿƢǼǠǷ ƨǴȈŦ ƨǸǴǯ .Heimweh

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƨǜǬȈǳơ Ŀ ƢǼǷȐƷƗ ȌŤ ȆƳǁƢŬơ ŃƢǠǳơ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ .ƢǼƠƳ ǺȇƗ ǺǷ ƢǼǳ ǥȁǂǠǷ ƧǁȂǏ ǲǯȁ .ƢƆƠȈǋ ȄǈǼǻ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǦǌƬǰǻ ǱȂǿƿ Ŀ .ƢǼǷƢǼǷ Ŀ ƢǿƾǿƢǌǻ Ŗǳơ ƢǼǷȐƷƗȁ ǲǸǠǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǺǷ ǶǣǂǳƢƥ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƢȈǈǰȈǴȈǈǳơ ǺǷ ƣǂĔ ƾǫ .ȆǓƢŭơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥ ơƿƢǷȁ .ȅǁƢƦƳȍơ Ŀ ǩǂǤǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥȁ ǚǬȈƬǈȇ ƢǼȈǟȁ ǶƟƢƬǌǳơȁ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ Ǻǟ ƢǻƽƢǠƬƥƢƥ .ƢǼǿ .ƨǬǴǤǷ ƩơǂǗƢǫ Ŀ ƢǼǿ ńƛ ƢǻǂǧƢǇ .ŃƢǠǳơ ńƛ ƽȂǠǻ ȏ :ǞǗƢǫ ƱƢƬǼƬǇȏơȁ ǂǗơȂŬơ ńƛ Ʃơǂŭơ ƩƢƠǷ ȆǌŶ ƔȏƿƗ ƾȈƦǟ ǺŴ .ǵƾǠǳơ ńƛ ǹȂƦǿǀȇ ƢǻƽȏȁƗȁ ƢǻƔƢǈǻ ƢǼȇƗǁ ƢǻƾǈƳ ǲƥƿ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƢǼƷȁǁ ƢǻƾǬǧ ƩȂŭơ ŕƷ śƦǠƬǷ ƔơǁȂǳơ ńƛȁ ǵƢǷȋơ ǎƼǋ Ʊǂź ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ǹƢǈǻƛ ȅƗ Ʊǂź ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲ .ƽȂǠǻ Ǻǳ ǺŴ .ƩƢǷȁ ȃǂǌƥ ƨƦȈǿǂǳơ ȃǂǌƦǳơ ǂǌƦȇ ǹƗ ǾǸū ȄǴǟ ǁȂǨƄơ Ƕǫǂǳơ ǾǴǯ ŃƢǠǴǳ ǂȀǜȇȁ .ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǆǨǼǳ ǾǴǠǨƫ ǹƗ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǆǨǻ ƪǼǰŤ ȅǀǳơ ƤȈǿǂǳơ ǂǷȋơ .ǆƬǨǋȁƗ

60

ƢǼȈǳƢȈǳ ƱǂƻƗ ǹƗ ƩǁǂǘǓơ ƾȇƾǌǳơ ȆǨǇȋ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ .ĺ -Ƣǯ Ŀ ƢƆǷȂȇ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ƪ Ą ȈǬƥ .ƪǴǷƾǻơ ƾǫ ȆƷơǂƳ ǹȋ ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷ Ŗǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴǳȁ ǪƥƢǈǳơ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ńƛ ƽȂǠƫ ȏ ǵƢǟ ǲǰǌƥ ƨǘȈǈƥ ƪǻƢǯ ƨȈǴǸǠǳơ Śǣ ƩƢǧơǂƬǟơ ƤǈƷ .ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƧƽƢǈǳơ ǞǷ ƨǏƢƻ ǖƥơȁǁ ƪǸǫƗ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ƢȀȈǳƛ ƪƦǈƬǻơ ĺ-Ƣǯ ǺǷ Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ .ǱƢǸǟȋơ ƾƷƗ ńƛȁ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ƾƷƗ ńƛ ǮǻȂưǠƦȇ Ņ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ŗǳơ ǮǳȂƻƽ ƾǼǟ ƪȈǬƥƗ Ŗǳơ ǆƥȐŭơȁ Ɣơǀūơ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ .Ƨơǂǟ ǹȂƳǂź ƨǬǠǴǷ Ǻť Ǿǳȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȀǇ ǆȈǳ ǝȂǓȂŭơ .ƨǟƢƴǼƥȁ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǮƫƢǇƢȈǬǳ ƨƦǇƢǼǷ ǹȂǰƫ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƤǠǏȋơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿȁ ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ Ŀ .ǲƥƢǬǷ ǹȁƾƥ ƢǸȀȈǴǟ ǱȂǐūơ ǺǰŻ ȏ śǰǇȁ ǥǂǠƫ ȏ ǺȇƽƢǠǷ ǩƢǧǁ śƥ ƨƥǂƬǤǷȁ ƨƦȇǂǣ ƨƠȈƥ Ŀ ǮǈǨǻ ƾš ƪǻƗ ƔȆǋ .ǶǿƔơǃƛ ǮǈǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŢ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƾȇƾŪơ "ǅȂƥƢǰǳơ" ǾǳȂƷ řƦȇ ǹƗ Ƨǂǌǫ Ŀ ǲƻƾȇ ǹƗ ƧǂƫƢǇ ƨȇȁơǃ ƾŸ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ƨǁƾǫ ǹƛ ǎƸǨȇ ǹƗ ƤǇƢǼŭơ ǺǷ .ƨǠƟơǁ Ȇǿ ǲǷƗ ȅƗ Ǿǳ ȄǬƦȇ ȏ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŕƷ ƆƢȈǫơȁ ơƆǁơƾƳ ƨǧǂǠǷ ǹȁƾƥ ǲǸǠƫ ǶȀƬȈƦǴǣƗȁ .Őǐƥ ǲǸǠǳơ Ƨǂť Ȃǿ ǦȈǰƬǳơ .ƨȈǻƢǰǷȍơ ǽǀǿ ǪǸǠƥ ǾȈǴǟ ǪŏǴǠă ƫĄ ŕƷ ǂȇǂǈǳơ ǩȂǧ ơƆǁƢǸǈǷ ǩƾƫ ǹƗ :ǕƢǌǼƥ ǶȀǔǠƥȁ ƧȏƢƦǷ Ȑƥ ǶȀǔǠƥ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ǺǸţ ǹƗ ǦǼǠǳơ ȄǋƢƸƬƫȁ ǹơŚŪơ ǞǷ ǶǿƢǨƬǳơ ńƛ ǲǐƫ ǹƗ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ Ɣơǀūơ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠƫ ǹƗ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ Ǯƥ ǍƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀȁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ Ŀ śǻơȂǬǳơȁ ƩơƽƢǠǳơ ǹǃơȂƬǳơ ńƛ ǱȂǏȂǳơ Ŀ ƶƴǼƫ ƨǴȈǴǫ Śǣ ƽȂȀƳ ƾǠƥȁ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ Ƨƾǟ ǁȁǂǷ ƾǠƥ .ǦȈǰƬƫ ǺǰŻ ǮƳȁǂƻ ƾǟȂǷ ƔȆŸ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ǞǫȂƬǷ Śǣ Ȃǿ ƢǷ Ɣơǃƛ ǲǫƗ ƨǬƯ ǭƢǼǿȁ ǅƢǈūơ .ơƆǂǐƬǼǷ ƪƳǂƻ ǮǻƗ ǱȂǬǳơ ƆƢȈǴǯ Ǧ ă ǌȇ Ń ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ Ǿƥǁ ǾǬǴƻ ƢǸǯ ƢƆȇǁƢǟ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ ǺǷ ƱǁƢŬơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǁȂǠǋ ǎȈǸǬǳơȁ ǞƳȂȇ Ɣơǀūơ ǖǬǈȇ ǹȂǴǘǼƦǳơ .ȆƳǁƢŬơ ƔƢǔǨǳơ ƨǸǴǛ ńƛ ǥǀƌǫ ǺǸǯ Ȃǿ 61

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǞǷȁ ƨǈƥƢǟ ǽȂƳȁ Śǣ ƾŸ ȏȁ ƨȈǻƢǈǻƛ ƨƥơǂǫ Ǻǟ ǞǸƬů Ǻǟ ǊƬǨȇ ǁơǁǃƗ Ǿǳ ǆȈǳ .ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ Ʊǂź ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ơǀǿ (ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ) Blockältester ńƛ ƹȋơ řǸǴǇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȆǠǓȁ ǹƢǯ ơǀǰǿ Ƕǫǁ ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ œǴǫ Ŀ ƵǂǨǳơ Ƕċ ǟ .ǁȂƬǇƾǳơ Ŀ ƧǁǂǬŭơ ǱȂƦǬǳơ ƩƢƦȈƫǂƫ ƾǠƥ .ȂƫŐǳƗ Ǻǰǈȇ ƮȈƷ 45 Ȃǿ ǭȂǴƦǳơ Ń śƬǼǈƥ řǷ ǂǤǏƗ ƆƢǷƢǟ Ǻȇǂǌǟȁ śǼƯƛ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ ĺƢƸǏƗ śƥ ǲǔǧȋơ Ȃǿ ȂƫŐǳƗ .ǝȂǧǂǷ ǅƗǂƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǲƻƽ ȂƫŐǳƗ .ǾǴưǷ ǂǰǈǠǸǴǳ ǦȈǰƬȇ ǹƗ ŅƢǘȇơ ȅƗ ǺǰǸƬȇ ȄǴǟ ǪǨǌȇ Ń .ƨǇǂǋ ƣǂƷ Ȇǿ ƢǼǿ ƧƢȈūơ ǹƗ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼǴƦǫ ǶƎȀǧƊ ƭȂǴƬȇ Ńȁ ǁǂǔƬȇ Ń ǱƢǔǼǴǳ Ʊǂƻ ǲƥ .ơƆƾƷƗ ǶƷǂȇ Ńȁ śǸȀƬǷ Ǻǟ ƮƸƦǳơ Ŀ ƪǫȂǳơ ǞȈǔȇ Ńȁ ǾǈǨǻ ȏ ƧŚưǯ ƩơǂǷ ǪǘǼŠ ǂǰǨȇ ƨǸȈǴǈǳơ ǾǈȈǇƢƷƗȁ ƨǸǰūơ ǾƷȐǇ Ǳȁȋơ ǵȂȈǳơ ǺǷ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǺǷ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǶȀǨȇ ƶȈƸǏ ǲǰǌƥ ǥǂǐƬȇ ȏ Ǯǳƿ Ƕǣǁȁ ƆƢǫȐǗƛ ǂǰǨȇ ǾƬǤǳ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏơ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ǺǷ ǲȈǴǫ ƧŚưǯ ƩƢǤǴƥ ǵȐǰǳơ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ńȁȋơ ƩƢǯǂŞȁ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƤȈŸ .ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơȁ ǹƢȈǴǘǳơȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǾǳȂǬȇ ƢǷ ǶȀǨȇ Ǻǰǳȁ ǵȋơ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǾƫƢȈƷ Ǻǟ ƢƆǟƢǧƽ ǝǁƢǐȇ ǾƦŹ ȏ ǹƢǈǻƛ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ .ǾǻȂǸȀǨȇ ǲǰǳơȁ ǺȇƾȈǳơ ƽƢǠƬƥȏơ ƤŸ ǺăǷ Ǻǟȁ ǾƫȂǋǁ ƤŹ ǺăǷ "ǥǂǠȇ" .ǞȈǸƴǴǳ ƢƆǬȇƾǏ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƔȆǋ ǲǯ Ƕǣǁȁ ƧȂǬƥ ǥȂǫȂǳơ ƤŸ ǺăǷ ƾǓȁ ƨǬǨǌǳơ ƧǁƢƯƛ ƤŸ ǺăǷ Ǻǟȁ ƨȈǳƢǣ ǽơǂǯƿ ǹƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƨǳƢǨǈǳơ ƾǓ ǦǬȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟ .Ƶȁǂǳơ ǲȈǳƿȁ ơƆǁȂȀǬǷ ƢƆǷȂȇ ƧȂǫ ǲǯ ǽƾǓ ƪȀďƳȁĄ ƾǫȁ ǂǌǠŭơ ǺăǈƷă ȁ ƢƆȇȂǫ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ǾȈǧ ƪȇƗǁ ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ƆơƾƳ ȆǴǟ .ǂǌǳơ ǾȈǳƛ ơȁǂǜǻ 45 ǭȂǴƦǳơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ơǀǿ Ŀ ȂƫŐǳƗ ƣǂǫ ǵȂǼǴǳ ƢƆǻƢǰǷ ǀƻƕ ǹƗ ƶųƗ Ń ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ȁƗ Ǿƥ ǩȂƯȂǳơ ǺǰŻ ȅǀǳơ .ǉơǂǨǳơ Ŀ ǲȈǷǄǳƢǧ ǦǇȌǳ Ƣȇ .Śưǯ ǦǗƢǠƬƥ ǵƢǼǻ ǺŴȁ ƨǴȇȂǗ ŅƢȈǴǳơȁ ƔƢƬǋ ǹȉơ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ .ƨǸȈǫ ȁƿ ƤǈǰǷ Ȃǿ ǾǠǷ ǩƢǨƫȏơ ƨƸƟơǂǳơ ǺǷ ǁƢŪơ ǩăǂǟă ǺǷ ňƢǠǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻȁ ơƆǂƬǸƬǼǇ śǠƦǇ ǑǂǠƥ ƨȈǻƢǘƥ ƪŢ śǼƯơ ŅƢȈǳ .Ƥȇǂǫ ǪȇƾǏ ǺǷ ǮȈǳƛ ļƘȇ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǹƗ ơƆƾƳ ƣȂǴǘŭơ ǺǷ Ǯǳǀǳ Ƨǁơǂūơȁ .ǱȂǗƗ ƢƆǼǷǃ ƵƢƫǂǻȁ ǵƢǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ƶǸąǈȇĄ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƔƢƬǌǳơ 62

ƢǼȈǳƢȈǳ

ƢǷȁ .ǵƢǠǘǳơ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǞȇǃȂƫ ȃǂƳ ƨǟƢǇ ǲƦǫ .ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ƨƴǔǳơ Ɨƾē ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ǲƥƢǬǷ ǎƸǨȇ Ȃǿȁ .ǦȈǜǼƬǳơ Ƨǂưǯ ǺǷ ǞǸǴƫ ƢĔƗ Ƕǣǁ ǾǻƢǼǇƗ ǦǜǼȇ ǹƗ ǂǐȇ ǺăǷ Ǳơǃ ǺǷ ƔȆǋ ǾȈǧ ǪǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǄȈǯǂƬǳơ Ƨǂưǯ ǺǷ ƾǠƴƬǷ ǾǼȈƦƳ .ǲȇƾǼǬǳơ ƔȂǓ ơǀǿ ǺǷȁ .ƨƷȁǂĐơ ǲƳǁȋơ ŀƢǠȇ ƧăǂǇĉ ȋơ śƥ ǱȂƴƬȇ ǉȁƽǂǯ ǅƾǼȀŭơ .ǵƢǠǘǳơ ȆǫơȂƥ ơǀǿȁ .ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ ƨǠǘǫ Ǻǟ ǂǗƢƻ ƨƦȈǗ Ǻǟ ǱǃƢǼƬȇ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ƢǼǿ ǾǌȈǟ Ƥǈǰȇ .ǾƬǌȈǠǷ ƣƢƦǇƗ ǀƻƘȇ ǉȁƽǂǯ ǅƾǼȀŭơ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƨǔȇǂŭơ ǲƳǁȌǳ ƨƷơǁ ƤǴŸ ȄǴǟ ǆǴƳ .ǾǳȂƷ ǾȈǼȈǠƥ ǂǜǻ .ƩƢȇƢǰūơ ǍƢǫ .ƨȈǨƻ ǲƻƽ ȆǨǴŬơ ǲƻƾŭơ ǺǷ ƪǸǏ Ŀ śƬǐǼǷ ǅƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǸů ǾǳȂƷ ƪǠǸš ƨǜū Ŀȁ .ǹƢſƢǧ ǂȇǂǇ ǆǨǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƩƢȈƥƗ ƨǠƥǁȋơ ƩƢǟȂǸů Ʃơƿ ƧƢǨǬǷ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƨȈǼǣƗ ǉƾȇȏƢƥ ȄĈǼǣ .ǵƢǸƬǿơȁ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǰŭơ ƤƦǈƥ ƧƾȈǐǬǳơ ǂǯǀƫƗ ƢǻƗ ơǀǰǿ ȁƗ .ƤǴǬǳơ ǆŤ Ŗǳơ ƨǼȇǄūơ ƨȈǼǣȋơ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơ ǦƐǳƗ ȅǀǳơ Ȃǿ ǎƼǌǳơ ǹƗ ƲƬǼƬǇơ ƢǻƗ ǾǸȀǧƗ ȅǀǳơ ǲȈǴǬǳơ ǺǷ Ǿƥ ƢȀƬǠũ ƧǁƢƴȈǇ ǾȈǘǠȇ ŉǂǯ ǭƢǼǿ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ŃƢǠǳơ ǲǯ Ƕǔȇ ƔƢǼǤǳơ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ǎǬƫ Ŗǳơ .ƢƆƠȈǋ ǹȂǘǠȇ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ ǹȁǄǯǂƬǷ Ƕǿȁ ǹȂƬǐǼȇ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ƆƢǘȈƻ ȁƗ Wer hat kaputt die -ǵȂȈǳơ ǕƢǌǼǳ Śƻȋơ ǹȐǟȍơ ƆƢȈǳƢǟ ǞǸąǈȇĄ ƧƘƴǧ .śǠƥǁƗ ƩơȂǏƘƥ Ʋǔƫ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ (ƨǫǄŲ ǲǠǻ ƾƳȂƫ ơƿƢŭ) ?Schuhe .Tagesraum-Ǳơ ȂŴ ǅƘȇ Ŀ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ǶŮƢǠǻ ŚȈǤƫ ǹȁƾȇǂȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ śǈŨ .ǶǿƢǤƬƦǷ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ȏƆ ȁƗ ǹȂǴǐȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǹƗ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǥǂǠȇ ơƆƾȈƳ Ǟǔȇ ǹƗ ńƛ ƧǁƢǋƛ ǹơȂƯ Ƨƾǟ ƔƢǓƗ ȅǀǳơ ƔȂǔǳơ .ƪǸǐǳơ ǂǘȈǈȇ .ǂǷȋơ ȄȀƬǻơ ǺǷ .Ƥǿǀǳơ ǺǷ ȄǴǣƗ Ǻȇǀǳơ Ƨǂƥȍơȁ ǖȈŬơ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ǺǷƕ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ǶȀǈƥȐǷ ǞȈǸŪơ ƢȀǴǯ ƔȆǨǘǼƫ ƔơȂǓȋơ .ǾǻƢǰǷ ǦǬȇ ȆǴȈǴǳơ ǅǁƢūơȁ ǅǂŪơ śǻǁ ƩȂǏ ǞǸǈȇ ƾȈǠƥ .ǹȂǷƢǼȇȁ ǹȁǂǠƬȇ ǽơǁƗ řǻȋ ǎƼǌǳơ ǆǨǻ Ȃǿ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ŕƷ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ƪǈǳȁ .ȅǁƢƳ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ ơƆƾȈƳ ǾȈǴƳǁȁ ǽǂȀǛ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ǙƢǬȈƬǇȏơ ƾǼǟ ƩơƽȁƾǠǷ ǹĊ ơȂƯ ǖǬǧ ǾƳȂǳ ƢƆȀƳȁ ǲƦǫ ƧŚƴūơ ńƛ ǲǐȇȁ Ǿƥ ǲǸǟƗ ȅǀǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ ǲǸǠȇ ȏ Ǿǻƛ .ǾȀƳȁ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ śȇȂǬǳơ ǾȈǯǁȁ ƩƢƥǂǔƥ řǠǧƾȇ ƨȈǻƢǘƦǳƢƥ ƢƆǧȂǨǴǷ ǁơȂǻȋơ ƔƢǨǗƛ ǺǷ ǖǬǧ ǲȈǴǫ 63

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ȆǈǨǼǳ ǲƬƷơ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǽǂȀǛ ńƛ ȅǂȀǛ ŚƼǌǳƢƥ ƗƾƦȇȁ ǵƢǼȇ Ľ ƆƢƦǻƢƳ ǱȂƴƬȇ ǮǈǷƗ śƬƦǯǂǳƢƥ ǾǠǧƽƗ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ǽƽǁȋ ƪǫȂǳơ ǱȂǗ ǖǤǓƗ .ƨǋǂǨǳơ ƨƷƢǈǷ ǺǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ǲȈǬƯ Ȃǿ ƆƢưƦǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ĺ śƬǬǐƬǴǷ ǽƢǷƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ȏ ŕƷ řǟ ǽƽƢǠƥƛ ǱȁƢƷƗȁ ǾȈǴƳǂƥ .ǂƴūơ ǲưǷ ǵƢǼȇȁ řǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢǻƗ ƽơƽǄȇ ƤǠƬǳơ .ƨǋǂǨǳơ ȄǴǟ ǶǈŪơ Ǧǐǻ ǭơǂƷ Ȑƥ ǞƴǘǓƗ ȅǁƾǬƥ ǶǴǇƗ .ȂǨǣƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ řǻƗ ƾƷ ńƛ ƤǠƬǷ ơƆƾȈƳ ǞǸąǈȇĄ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ƩȂǏ .ǲǐȇ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ǁƢǘǬǳơ .ƾȇƾūơ ƨǰǇ ȄǴǟ ǵƢǻƗ řǻƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ Ǿǻƛ .ǁƢǘǬǴǳ ƱȁƽǄŭơ ǞƦǘǳơ ƪǫȂǳơ ǲǯ ǂǯƿƗ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǦȈǨƻ ȆǷȂǻ . ȅǁƢƳ Ǿǻƛ – ƾǠƥȁ ƣǂƬǬȇ ƣǂƬǬȇ Ǿǻƛ ƢȀƬǳȂŧ ƢǼǣǂǧƗ Ŗǳơ ƩơǂǗƢǬǳƢƥ ƾǇ ǵȂȈǳơȁ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ǆǨǻ ƨǬȈǫƽ ƨǬƦǗ Śǣ ƪǈȈǳȁ ơƆƾƳ ǦȈǨƻ ȆǷȂǻ .ơƆƾƥƗ ǲǐȇ ȏ ǾǼǰǳȁ ƢǼǈǿƾȇ ǥȂǇ ƨǜū ƪǜǬȈƬǇơ ƾǫ Ƣǿ .ƨǰǈǳơ ǖƻ Ǻǟ ƾǠƬƥƗ ŕƷƢȀǫǄǷƗ .ƩƽǁƗ ơƿƛ ƢȀǫǄǷƗ ǹƗ řǼǰŻ ȏ ǹƢƬǔǸǤǷ ȅƢǼȈǟ ǲǷƢǯ Ȇǟȁ Ŀ ƪǈǳ ǪƥƢǈǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǖǬǧ ƆƢȈǴǯ ǆȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ ǹƗ ƾǯƘƬǷ ƢǻƗ ƨǨǴƬű ƢƆƫơȂǏƗ ǖǬƬǳƗ ƢǻƗ ơǀǿ ǞǷ .ǵȂǼǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢƬǻơǂǰǇ ƢǸȀǧ ƢǸȀƸƬǧƗ ǺǷ ǵƽƢǫ Ǿǻƛ ȆǬȈǬƷ ŚǨǏ ȆǷȐƷƗ ǁƢǘǫ ƩȂǏ ǆȈǳ ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷ ǝȂǸǈŭơ ŚǨǐǳơ ǲǏơȂƬǷ ǪȈǸǟ ƩȂǏ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ ǾȈǧ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ȅǀǳơ ǞǼǐŭơ Decauville ǲưǷ ƩȂǏ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ ƧȂǬǳơ ǦǐǼƥ ǒǨƼǼǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǂƻƕ ƩȂǏ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ŘǠŠ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ǵƢǿ ƩȂǐǳơ ơǀǿ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǠǧƽ ǞǘǬƬǷȁ Śǐǫ Ǻǰǳȁ Ǳȁȋơ ńƛ ǱȂŢ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀȁ ǲǸǠǳơ Ŀ ƢǼƥơǀǠǳ ƢƆǬǧơǂǷ ǽƢǼǠũ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƩơǂǷ .ȅȂȈƷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƾǿƢǌǷ ǺǷ ǥȁǂǠǷ Ǻū ȁƗ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƶƟơȁǁ ǲưǷ ƨȈǈǼŭơ ƨȇȁƢŮơ ǺǷ ƾǠǐȇ ǄǷǁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ ǖƦǔǳƢƥ ǶȀǼǷ ǺăǷ Ņ ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǆȈǳ .ƔȐǷǄǳơ ǒǠƥȁ ŖƻƗ ƾƳȂƫ ƢǼǿ ǁƢŪơ ƨȈǇƢǬǳơ ƨǋǂǨǳơ ƩơȂǏƗ ƨƯȐƯ .ŚǨǐǳơ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƫƗ ƢǻƗ .ǹȂƬǐǼȇ ǶȀǴǯ .ǹȁŚưǯ Ǻǟ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǎǫƗ ƢǻƗ .řǷ ȃȂǫƗ Ǿǻȋ ǚǬȈƬǈȇ ǹƗ ǥƢƻƗ Ǻǰǳȁ ǾŹǃƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ ȅǀǳơ ƾǠƥȁ ȆǨǻƗ ȄǴǟ řƥǂǓ ȅǀǳơ Ȃƥ Ƣǰǳơ Ǻǟȁ ƨƦǫơǂŭơ Ǻǟȁ .ƢǼǿ ƢǼǬȇƢǔȇ ȅǀǳơ ǝȂŪơ śƥ ƪȈƦǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǯƗ ǹƗ ơƆÈƾƳ ƾȈǠǇ ǵƾǳơ ƤƦǈƥ ȆȀƳȁ ǲǈǣƗ Ȇǰǳ řǴǇǁƗ Ǯǳƿ 64

ƢǼȈǳƢȈǳ

!ǎǫƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ Ƕǯ .ƩƢǸǴǰǳƢƥ ƢȀǼǟ ŚƦǠƬǳơ ǺǰŻ ȏ ƨȇƾǈƳ ƧƽƢǠǇ ƔƢǫƾǏȋơ ƢǸȈǧ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ .Ȑ Ɔ Ǡǧ ǹȂǳƢƦǷ ȏ ǶĔƗ ǲƥ .ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ Ņƛ ǹȂƬǐǼȇ ȏ ǶĔƗ ǚƷȏƗ řǰǳȁ ǭǂƬƫȁ ǵȂǬƫ Ņƛ ǂǜǼƫ ŖƻƗ .ǶȀǼȈƥ ǺǯƗ Ń Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ȃǂƻƗ ǞȈǓơȂǷ Ǻǟ ǶȀǼȈƥ .ƢƆƠȈǋ ǱȂǬƫ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǹƢǰŭơ ǵȏƕ ƧƾȈǠƦǳơ ŖǳȂǨǗ ǺǷ ǵȏȉơ ǂǯǀƫƗ ơǀǰǿ ȅƾǈƳ Ŀ ǂǌƬǼȇ Ǿǳ ƽȁƾƷ ȏ ǦǇƗ ƱƿƢǇ ŃƗ .ƧŚưǯ ƣǁƢš ȅƿ ƾǋơǁ ǹƢǈǻȍ ƨȈƦǻƢƳ ǵȏƕ ƢȀȈǧ ƪǈȈǳ ƾǳȂǳ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ řȈǟ ƶƬǧƗ ƢǻƗ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿȁ ǞǫơȂǳơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ Ņ ǲǔǧȋơ ǺǷ ǹȂǰƦȇ ƽȏȁȋơ ǾƦƦǈƥ .ǚǬȈƬǷ ƢƆǬƷ řǻƗ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ǹȂǯƗ ŕƷ ǲǏơȁƗ ƢǻƘǧ ƆƢǜǬȇ ƪƸƦǏƗ řǻƗ ǞǷȁ ƆƢȈǴǠǧ .řȈǟ ƨǳƢƦǫ ƢƆǠǫơȁ Ǳơǃ ƢǷ ǶǴūơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƪƠƳ ǹƗ ǀǼǷ ƆƢȇƽƢǟ ƢƆǸǴƷ ǆȈǳ ơǀǿ ǾƦƦǈƥ ǪȈǸǠǳơ ǪǴǬǳƢƥ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ƪǐǐǫ řǻƗ ǂǯǀƫƗ ƢǻƗ ȆȈǟȁ ǲǰƥ ǹȉơ .ǖǬǧ ƩơŚȈǤƫ ǞǷ .Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƩơǂǷ ǾƬǸǴƷ ƢŠǁȁ Ǻȇǂƻƕ ǺȇŚưǯ ǶǴƷȁ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǾǸǴƷ ǹƢǯ ƾǬǧ ŖƠƳƢǨŭȁ ȆǸǴƷ Ǻǟ ȂƫŐǳȋ ǅȂƥƢǰǳơ ǆǨǻ ńƛ ƢǼǠȈŦ ǅȂǨǻ Ŀ ǱȂƸƬȇ ȆǷȂȈǳơ ƣơǀǠǳơ ơƿƢŭ ơƿƢŭ .ǞȈǸŪơ ǶǴƷ !ǞǸǈȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ƢǼǿ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬǻ ǺŴ ǎǴƼƬǴǳ ƨǜǬȈǳơ ǲǤƬǇƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ Ǯǳƿ ǱȐƻȁ ƩȐǷƘƬǳơȁ ǂǗơȂŬơ Ŀ ǩǂǣƗ ƢǻƗ ȄǴǟ ȆǔǠƥ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǷȂǸǴǷ ǆǴƳƗ .ǲǔǧƗ ǵȂǼǳơ ǲǏơȁƗ ŕƷ ǪƥƢǈǳơ ǵȂǼǳơ ǥȂƻ ǺǷ .ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ ƪǐǻƗ ŅȂƷ ǂǜǻƗ ƨǋǂǨǳơ ǶȀǧƢǨǋ ǹȂǐǸǐŻ ǹȁŚưǯ ǶǴǰƬȇȁ ƾȀǼƬȇ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƆơŚƼǋȁ ƢƆǈǨǼƫ ǞǸǈǻ .ǅǂǋ ǶǴƷ ǞȈǸŪơ ǾǸǴŹ ǶǴƷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ơǀǿ ǹȂǴǯƘȇ ǶĔƗ ǹȂǸǴŹ ǶȀǯƢǼƷƗ ǹȂǯǂŹȁ

Ŀ .ƣơǀǠǳơ ơǀǿ ƣĈǂƳ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ 6ǅȂǴǘǻƢǗ ƩƢƥơǀǟ ǱȂƷ ƨȈƳȂǳȂưȈŭơ ƨǐǬǳơ ǦƐǳƗ ǺăǷ ȄǴǟ ȆȀǌǳơ ǲǯȋơ .ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ǾǈŴ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǲƥ ƺȈƦǘǳơ ȃǂǻ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǖǬǧ ǆȈǳ ƢǼǷȐƷƗ ǦƼƬǇơ ƨŮȉơ ƤȈƦƷ ǹƢǯ ȅǀǳơ ǅȂǴǘǻƢǗ ƨȈǻƢǻȂȈǳơ ƢȈƳȂǳȂưȈŭơ ǺǷ ƨȈǐƼǋ 6 (ǶƳǂƬŭơ) ƾƥȋơ ńƛ ǊǘǠǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ ƣơǀǟ ǾȈǴǟ ơȂǓǂǧȁ ǽȂƦǫƢǟ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǶȀǷơǂƬƷƢƥ 65

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ǲǯȋơ Ŀ ƶƴǼǻ ȏ ǂƻȉ ȁƗ ƤƦǈǳ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǾƬƸƟơǁ Ƕǌǻ ǾǟơȂǻƗ ǶƟƢǫ Ȃǿ ƢŶƘǯ ȃǂƻȋơ ǲȈǏƢǨƬǳơ Ǻǟ ǲǐǨǼȇ ǲȈǐǨƫȁ ǲȈǐǨƫ ǲǯȁ ǩǄǸƬȇ ǶǴūơ ǾȈƦǋ ǲǰǌƥ ƨȈǻƢƯ ǁǂǰƬƫ ƨǐǬǳơȁ ƾƷȂƬƫȁ ǲȈǏƢǨƬǳơ ƽȂǠƫ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǽƾƷȂǳ .ǾǈǨǻ ǶǴūơ ǶǴŹ ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǦǫȂƫ Ȑƥ ȃǂƻƗ ƾǠƥ ƨǴȈǳ ƆƢǠǷ ǦǴƬűȁ ƣǂǫ ǝȂǓȂŭơ Ȃǳƾǳơ ńƛ ǹȂƦǿǀȇ ǺȇŚưǯ ǹȋ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȇƽƢūơ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ƩĈǂǷ ƢĔƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƤŸ ƭȐƯ ȁƗ śƬǟƢǇ ǲǯ .ǁƢǼǋȁ ǁƢǟ śȀǷ ƤȇǀǠƫ .ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷ ǹȁƽȂǠȇȁ ǅǁƢūơ Ȇǿ ƢǼǷƢǈƳƗ ńƛ ƢȀǴƻƾǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ Ŗǳơ ƨǴƟƢŮơ ǲƟơȂǈǳơ ƨȈǸǯ ǡǂǨǻ ŕƷ ǵȂǬǻ ǹƗ ŕƷȁ ƢǼǸǈƳ ƔƢǈŭơ ŕƷ ƺǨǼȇ ƔƢŭơȁ ǝȂŪƢƥ ǆŴ ȏ ŕƷ Ƣđǂǌǻ Ŗǳơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƢƆǨưǰǷ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ ŅƢȈǴǳơ Ŀ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǑǂǨȇ ƢȀƳơǂƻƛȁ ƨǿȂǌǷ ƨȈǐƼǋ ƢǼȈǘǠȇȁ ƢǼǻƢǨƳƗ .ȄǴǰǴǳ ǵƾƼƬǈȇ ǺăǷ ǹƗ ǂƻƕ ǹȂǻƢǫ ǭƢǼǿ .Ȃǳƾǳơ ńƛ ǲƴƼŭơ ǁƢǈŭơ Ȃǿ ǖǬǧ ơǀǿ ǆȈǳȁ Ŀ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǺǷ ƱȁǂŬơ ƵȂǸǈǷ Ǯǳǀǳ .ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Ŀ ǾǣǂǨȇȁ Ƥǿǀȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ȃǳƾǳơ Ƕǫǂǳơ ŉƾǬƫ ƾǠƥ Ǯǳƿȁ (śȈǴƻơƾǳơ Ǳơȁǂǈǳơȁ ǎȈǸǬǳơ) ȆǴȈǴǳơ ǅƢƦǴǳơ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ǲȈǴǳơ ǽƔƢǫƾǏƗ ƔȆǈǳơ ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǅǁƢūơ ǁǂŹ ƧƽƢǟ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǅǁƢƸǴǳ ȆǐƼǌǳơ ƔƢǷƾǫ ƾǼǟ ǹƗ ǦȈǔǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ .ƧƾƟơǄǳơ ǩȂǬūơ ƣƢƸǏƗȁ ǽƽȐƥ ƔƢǼƥƗȁ Ƣȇ ơȂǜƷȐȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ ǶēċǂǇĉ Ɨ Ŀ ǹȂǷƢǼȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŕƸǧ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƧƽƢƷ ǅơȂƷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹȂǐǴǸƬȇ ơǀǰǿȁ .ǾȈǧ ǱȂƦƬǳơ ƩȂǏ ƤǈƷ ƔȄǴƬŻ ǹƗ Ǯǋȁ ȄǴǟ Ȃǳƾǳơ ǹƗ ƤƴǠǴǳ ǽǀŮ ǲƟȐǫ ǹȂƸǋǂǷ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǲǯ Ŀ ƾƳȂȇ Ǯǳǀǳ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ ƱȁǂŬơ ƤƳơȁ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ Ǳƾȇ ǖȈǈƥ ƣƢǈƷ .ǂƬǳ ŖƠǷ ŅơȂƷ ƢȀƦǏ ƤŸ Ŗǳơ ƩơǂƬǴǳơ ƨȈǸǯ ǺǷȁ ƨǸȀŭơ :ǞǗƢǬǳơ ƱƢƬǼƬǇȏơ ǶǰȈǳƛȁ .ƧǂǷ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ŅơȂƷ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ Ȃǳƾǳơ Ʊơǂƻƛ ƤŸ ǹȂǰǻ ƩơǃƢȈƬǷơ ƨȇƗ ƢǻƾǼǟ ƪǈȈǳ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƨƥǂƴƬǳơ ȂǴȈǴǫ ǺŴ ƢǼǻƗ ƨȈǻƢǰǷȍơ ƤǴǣƗ ǹƗ ȏƐ ƛ ǁƢȈăƻ ȅƗ ƢǼȇƾǳ ǆȈǳ ƨǴȈǳ ǲǯ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƨǸȀŭƢƥ ǵȂǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ ƢȇƢƸǔǳơ ǾƬȇȁơǃ ǺǷ ƧƘƴǧ ǄǨǬȇ ǅǁƢūơ .ƢǼƬǸȀǷ Ȇǿ ǮǴƫ ǹƗ ƨǠǗƢǫ ƨǧǂǠŠ ǲǘǈǳơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬǻ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƢǼƳǂź ǲǘǈǳơȁ ƣƢǬƦǬǳơ ƢǼȈǘǠȇȁ ȆǐƼǌǳơ Ƕǫǂǳơ ǲƴǈȇȁ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǒƦǬȇ ńƛ ǵȏȉơ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀ Ƥǿǀǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ Ǧšǂǻȁ ǹȂǻƢǈǠǻ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƲǴưǳơ ńƛ 66

ƢǼȈǳƢȈǳ

ƢǼǴƳǁƗ ȄǴǟ ǲȈǈȇ ǲƟƢǈǳơ ǲǠŸ ƢŲ Ȅǐǫȋơ ƾūơ ŕƷ ƔȆǴǷ ǲǘǈǳơ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ǲǔǨŭơ ǺǸǧ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ Ść ǬƷ ǲǸǠǳơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ǞǷȁ .ǲǘǈǴǳ ƧĊ ǃơǄƬǿơ ǲǯ ǞǷ ƨȈǧƢūơ .ƧŚƴūơ Ŀ ǾǴȈǷǄǳ ǾǯǂƬȇ ȏȁ Ǿƥ ǵȂǬȇ ǹƗ ǎƼǌǴǳ ȃǂƻƗ ǁȂǏ ǞǷ ǹƢůƾǼȇ ƪȈƦǳơ ƨǐǫ ǶǴƷȁ ǅȂǴǘǻƢǗ ǶǴƷ ŅƢȈǴǳơ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǂŤ ơǀǰǿ ƧƢȈūơ ǵơƾǠǻơȁ ǥȂŬơ ƤǠƬǳơ ƽŐǳơ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ǝȂŪơ -ǵȂȈǳơ ƣơǀǟ ǞǷ ƨǨǴƬű ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ǪȇƢǔƫ ƨǘǣƢǓ ǆȈƥơȂǯ ńƛ ŅƢȈǴǳơ Ŀ ǱȂƸƬȇ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ƨȈǐƼǌǳơ Śǣ ƨǤǴƥ ƾƷƗ Ǿƥ ǪǟǄȇ ǂǷƗ ǲǯ Ɣơǃƛ ǞǴŮơ ǞǨƫǂȇ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǲǯ Ŀ .ȄĈǸū ƌ Ƣƥ ƢƆƥƢǐǷ ƨȇǄǷǁ ƧŚǈǷ ńƛ ǱȂƸƬȇ ƤǌŬơ ȄǴǟ ǪƦǳơ ǲƬǫ ƩȂǏ ǲǘǈǳơ ƧŚǈǷ .ƨǷȂȀǨǷ ǁƢǤǏ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǼȈǗ ǺǷ ǹƢƬǴƦƳ ƢŶƘǯ ƢǼǔǠƥ ǾƦǌǻ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹȂȇƽƢǷǂǳơ ǺŴȁ ȃǂƻƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ ǹȁŚưǯ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŝ ƾƷơȂǳơ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ńƛ ǂǜǼǻ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǲǸǼǳƢǯ ǁƢǤǏ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ńƛ ǱȂƸƬǻ ƢǼǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ǂƸƦǳơ ƔȆǗƢǋ ȄǴǟ ȅǀǳơ ǲǷǂǳƢǯ ƢǻƽơƾǠƫ ƢǼǇȁƙǁ .ƨȇƢĔ Ȑƥȁ ƨȇơƾƥ Ȑƥ ƧǂƟơƽ Ŀ Śǈǻ ǹȂǫȂǼű ǥȂŬƢƥ ƨǻȂƸǌǷ ƨǴƬǯ ƾƷȂǷ ƢǻƾȈǠȇ ǹƗ ńƛ .ƢǼǫƢǼǟƗ ŕƷ ǲǐȇ ȅǀǳơ ǥǂǬǳơ ǺǷ ǂŞ ǖǇȁ ƧƘǨǘǷ ƢǼǻȂȈǟȁ ƨƼƟơƽ ƢǼǜǫȂȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƨȈǼȈƫȁǂǳơ ƢǼǷȐƷƗ ńƛ ƢǻƾȈǠȇ ǱȂƦǳƢƥ ƔȆǴŭơ ǲǘǈǳơ ȁƗ ƽŐǳơ ȁƗ ǝȂŪơ Ǻǟ ǽƾǠƦǻ ǹƗȁ ǾǈǇƌƗ ńƛ ǶǴūơ ǮǰǨǻ ǹƗ ƢƆưƦǟ ǱȁƢŴ ǺŴ ǆȈƥơȂǰǳơȁ ƔȆǈǳơ ǁȂǠǌǳơ ǹƗ ǆŴ ƾȇƾƳ ǺǷȁ ƢǼǼȈǟƗ ǒǸǤǻ ǖǬǧ .ƨƠȈǇ ǵȐƷƗ ǹȁƾƥ śƷƢƫǂǷ ǵƢǼǻ ŕƷ ƢǼƥȂǴǫ ƗƾƦȇ ƤǠƫ ǹȁƾƥȁ ƆƢƷƢȈƫǁơ ƾŸ ȏȁ ǂƴǨƬȇ ƢǼǴǬǟ .ƢǼƫƽơǁƛ ƾǓ ƢǼǷ ƣǂē ƢǻǁƢǰǧƗ ȄǴǟ Őǣȋơ ƣƢƦǔǳơ Ŀ ƢǿǄȀȇȁ ƢǿǁȂǐȇ ƨǨȈƼŭơ ǃȂǷǂǳơȁ ƨƦȈǿǂǳơ Ƶơȁǁȋơ ƱƢƬǻƜƥ .ƢǼǷȐƷƗ ƨǋƢǋ ǆȈƥơȂǰǳơȁ ƤȈǿǂǳơ ǵȂǼǳơȁ ǵȐƷȋơȁ ƩƢƦǴǬƬǳơ ǲǯ ǞǷ – ǲȈǴǳơ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǲǯ Ǻǰǳȁ ǺǸŵ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ ƨƦȈƴǠǳơ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ƢǼȇƾǳ ƨǜǬȈǳơ ƨǜū ǂǜƬǼǻȁ ƽƢǏǂŭƢƥ ǦǬǻ ǺŴ – ƨƦǟǂŭơ ǲǐǧ ǺǷ ŚǤƬƫ ƨǜǬȈǳơ ƨǟƢǇ .ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƨǫƾƥ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ǃƢȀƳ ǹȁƾƥ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǽǀǿ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǅǂŪơ ǹǂȇ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ǂƴǨǳơ ǝȂǴǗ ǲƦǫ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƢȀǼǰǳȁ ǂƻƕ ńƛ ƔȆǨǘȇ ǾƬǇơǂƷ ƔƢĔȍ ǾƫơŚǔƸƬƥ ǵȂǬȇ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǲǯ Ŀ ȆǴȈǴǳơ ǅǁƢūơȁ .Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆƬǫȁ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǂǷȋơ ǹȂǰȇ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ !ƢƆǷƢȈǫ Aufstehen ȆǷȂȈǳơ ǂǷȋơ ǺǴǠȇȁ ǾǈǨǻ ǖǌǼȇ ǁơȂǻȋơ . Wstawaü ƨȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ƨǤǴǳƢƥ ƧŚƦǯ ƧƢǻƢǠǷ ƨǜū ǽǀǿ . Wstawaü ǝƢũ ƾǼǟ śǸƟƢǻ ơȂǳơǃ ƢǷ ǲƟȐǫ ǖǬǧ ȏȁ Ǯǳƿ ǥǂǠȇ ǅǁƢūơ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ƢƆǬȈǸǟ ǹƢǯ ƢǸȀǷ ǵȂǼǳơ ƽƾƦƬȇ ƢđơǂƬǫơ ǞǷ ǾǻƗ ŕƷ ƆơƾƳ ǱǄǼȈǇ Wstawaü Ǳơ ǹƗ ǥǂǠȇ Ȃǿ Ǿǻȋ ǦǘǴƥ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǺǴǠȇ ƉǱƢǟ Ʃ Ċ Ȃǐƥ ǺǴǠȇ .ƽƽǂƫ ǹȁƾƥ ǹȂǔȀǼȇ ǥȂǇ ǲǰǳơȁ ƨƬǐǼǷ ǹơƿƕ ȄǴǟ řƦǷ ȆŷȂǳơ ƾǈǳơ "!ƢƆǷƢȈǫ" ƢǼǇȂǨǻ ǩƢǸǟƗ ǲƻơƽ ńƛ ǂƴūƢǯ ǖǬǈƫ ƨƦȇǂǤǳơ ƨǸǴǰǳơ -ǥȁƢƼŭơ ǲǈǴǈǷ ǞǫơȂǳơ ńƛ ǲȈǴǳơ ǺǷ ƣǂŮơ ǦȈǨŬơ ǵȂǼǳơ ƧǁƢƷ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƥ ǺǷ Ǻǟ Ǿƥ Ǟǧơƾǻ ƢǷ ȏȁ Ƨơǂǟ ƧƔƢǇƛ ǲǰǳ śǧȂǌǰǷ ǚǬȈƬǈǻ ǺŴ .ƢƆǫǄǷ ǂƴǨƬȇ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ƽǂƥ .ǾƬȇƢĔ ǲȈƼƬǻ ȏ ƮȈŞ ơƆƾƳ ǲȇȂǗ ƨǬƥƢǈǳơ ǵƢȇȋƢƥ ǾȈƦǋ ǂƻƕ ǵȂȇ ƗƾƦȇ ƢǼǈǨǻƗ ǺǷ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǾƬȇƢĔȁ ǾƬȇơƾƥ śƥ ǹƢǫǂǤȇ ƾȇƾǋ ƤǠƫȁ ǝȂƳ ǵƢǜǠǳơ ńƛ ǲǤǴǤƬȇ ǍǁƢǫ ǹƗ ƶȈƸǏ .ǖǬǧ Ȇǿ Ƣǿƾȇǂǻ ǹƗȁ ƔơƽȂǈǳơ ǄƦŬơ ƨǠǘǬƥ ǖǬǧ ǂǰǨǻ ǹƗ ǲǔǧȋơ ȅǀǳơ ǮǴƌŭơ ǹȂǰȇ ǾǠǴƬƦǻ ŕƷ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǆŨ ƾǠƥ ƢǼȇƾȇ Ŀ ǹȂǰȈǇ Ǻǰǳȁ ŚǤǏ ǦȈǣǂǳơ !ǾǯȐƬǷƢƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ śǻơȂǫ ƢǼǳ ƶǸǈƫ ǕƢǌǼƥ ǹȁƗƾƦȇ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ řǯƢǇ ǲǯ .ƨǨǏƢǠǳơ ǂƴǨǼƫ Wstawaü ǝƢũ ǞǷ ǑơǂǠƬǇơ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ǲǨǇƗ ńƛ ǱǄǼȇȁ ȄǴǟƗ ńƛ ǪǴǈƬȇ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ .ǒǠƥ ǞǷ ǵȂǸŰ ǹȂȈǠƥ ǾǈƥȐǷ ȄǴǟ ǲǯ ƨǜǧƢƄơ ǞǷ ǆƦǴǻ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŴ ƪǫȂǳơ ǆǨǻ Ŀȁ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ńƛȁ ƩƢǷƢǸūơ ńƛ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ơƆƾƳ ǹȂǠȇǂǈǳơ ƨȈƥƢƦǓ ƨȇƙǂǳơȁ Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ǁƢƦǤǳơ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ǪȈǓ ǁƢǈǷ Ŀ ǶȀǬȇǂǗ ǹȂǬǌȇ ǁȁƾǳơ Ŀ śǨǫơȂǳơ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǲƦǫ ǱȂǏȂǴǳ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ǞǷ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼǻȁƽǂǘȇȁ ƨǧƢǜǼǳơ Ǻǟ ǹȂǳȁƚǈŭơ ƔȆŸ ȏƆ ƢƷ .ƨǌǧơƾŠȁ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ .ƩƢƥǂǓȁ ƹơǂǏ ȆƟơǀƷ ǲǠƬǻƗȁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ńƛ ǱǄǻƗ Ŗţ ƤȈƫǂƫȁ ȆǈƥȐǷ Ɣơƾƫǁơ ȆĔƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƗƾƦȇ ƾȇƾƳ ǵȂȇ . ƶƬǨǼƫ śǴƳǂǳơ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ƵơǂŪơ

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ǲǸǠǳơ ƪǯƢǇ Ǿũơ ǥǂǠȇ Ń ňȂǳȂƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƣǂǬƥ ǞƴǘǓơ ǮȈǻȁǁ ƔƢƳ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ǾƬǬȇƢǓ Ǯǳǀǯ .Ǒǂŭ ƨȀȇǂǯ ƨƸƟơǁ ǹƢưǠƦȇ ǾȈǯǁȁ Ŀ ǹƢǠǌƥ ǹƢƷǂĄƳ ƣƽƚǷȁ Ŀ ƩơǂǷ ǂǌǟ ȁƗ ňƢť řǜǬȇƗȁ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ǵƢǫ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ǱȂƦǳơ ƨƦǴǟ ƨƸƟơǁ .ƨǴȈǴǳơ Ǧǐǻ .ȄǨǌƬǈŭơ ńƛ Ƥǿƿȁ Ǿǳ ƢǸȀǜǨƷƗ Ȇǰǳ ǺȇǃƢǨǫ ňƢǘǟƗ ƔƢǈǷ Ʃơƿȁ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ Ǻǰǳȁ .ȆǷȂǻ ƨȇȁơǃ Ŀ ȅƾƷȁ ƪȈǬƥ řǻƗ Ǳȁƚǈŭơ ȄǈǼȇ ǹƗ Ʃ Ą ǂǜƬǻơ ƨǟƢǇ ǂŧƗȁ ƨǷƢǬǳơ ǲȇȂǗ ƣƢǋȁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ƪǟǄǟǄƫ ǁơȂǻȋơ ƔƢǨǗƜƥ ǂǌƦȇ ǅǂŪơ śǻǁ Ǟũ .Ȇǈǻơǁȁ ǺǷ ƢƆȈǈǻǂǧ ǹƢǯ ƾǬǧ ǾǸǫǁ ƤǈƷȁ .ĺǂǬƥ ǞƴǘǓơȁ ƾǠǏ ǂǠǌǳơ ƩơǀǳƢƥȁ .ǵȂǼǴǳ ƲǟǄǷ ǂǷȋơ .ƧƢǇƘǷ ǹƢǯ ƨǷƢǬǳơ ǲȇȂǗ ǂȇǂǈǳơ Ŀ ňƢưǳơ Ǯȇǂǌǳơ ǵȂǼǳơ ƢǸȀǼǰŻ ȏ ǹȐȇȂǗ ǹƢǼƯơȁ .Śǐǫ řǻȋ ƨǷƢǬǳơ ȆǴȇȂǗ ƢƆǏƢƼǋƗ ǹȂưǠƦȇ ơȂǻƢǯ Ņ ƣƽƚǷȁ ǵȐǰǳơ ǲȈǴǫ .ơƆƾƥƗ ƆƢƠȈǇ ƢƆǬȈǧǁ ǆȈǳ ǮȈǻȁǁ ǹƗ Ņ śƦƫ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢƆǠǷ ǦǘǴƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ƨǴȈǴǳơ Ŀ ƩơǂǷ ƭȐƯ ȁƗ śƫǂǷ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ ǵȂǬȇ ǂƼǌȇ ȏȁ ǦȈǜǻ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƤǠƬǷȁ ƾǬǠǷ ǲǸǟ) ƨǋǂǨǳơ ȅȂǘȇ ǹƘƥ ǝȂǘƫ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ .ƾȇƾǋ ȄǸǈĄȇ ƢǷ ǱȂǏȋơ ȄǴǟ ƨǋǂǨǳơ ȅȂǘȇ ȏ ǺăǷ Ǿǻȋ ƆơƾƳ ǱȁƚǈǷ ƧǁȂǐƥ Ǯǳƿ ǲǸǟȁ (ƧȂǈǬƥ ƤǫƢǠȇ Bettenbauer schlechteǱƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ƨƷƢƥ Ŀ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ƪǧǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨƦȈǗ ƧƘƳƢǨǷ ǹƢǯ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƨǟǂǈƥȁ ƧƾďȈƳ .ƢǼǐź ȅǀǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ńƛ Ƕǔǻơ ǾǻƗ ǑơǂǠƬǇȏơ ƢǼǿȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƢǼƯƽƢŢ ƲǴưǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨȈǳƢǠǳơ ƤȈǫƢƦǬǳƢƥ ȆǌŶ ǺŴȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ Ŀ Ȃǿ ǮȈǻȁǁ ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ ƩǂǷ Ŗǳơ ƤƟƢǐŭơ ǲǯ ǱȂƷ řƯƾƷ .śǈŨ Ǻƥơ ȁƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ǞƦǇ Ǻƥơ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǼǿ ƨȈǇƢǫ ƨȈƟǄƳ ƨǐǫ ǽǀǿ ƪǻƢǯ ƢƆǠƦǗ .ǖƦǔǳƢƥ ƭƾƷ ƢǷ ƪǫȂǳơ ǞǷ ƪȈǈǻ ƾǫȁ ǾȈǴǟ 69

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƧƾƷơȂǳơ ƨǨǴƬű ǎǐǫ ǎǐǬǳơ ǥȂǳƗ ƩƢƠǷ .ƢǼƦƟƢǐǷ ǎǐǫ ǲǯ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƧǂƯƚǷȁ ƾƷơȂǳơ ƢȀǐǬȇ ƩƢȈǈǷȋơ Ŀ ǅ Ɖ ƖǷ .ȄǇȋơȁ ƣơǀǠǳƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƢȀǴǯ Ǻǰǳȁ ȃǂƻȋơ Ǻǟ ƲȇȁǂǼǳơ Ŀ -ƨǨǴƬű ǹơƾǴƥ Ŀ ȃǂƳȁ ǹȂǨǴƬű ǅƢǻƗ Ǿƥ ǂċ Ƿ ȅǀǳơ ƣơǀǠǳơ ǎǫ ǾǴȈǷǄǳ ƧơǁȂƬǳơ ǎǐǫ ǲưǷ ƨǷȂȀǨǷ Śǣȁ ƨǘȈǈƥ ǎǐǫ .ƢȈǻơǂǯȁƗ Ŀȁ ǂƟơǄŪơ Ŀ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ ƾȇƾŪơ ƾȀǠǳơ ǺǷ ǎǐǫ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȇǿ ƢŠǁȁ ƨŻƾǬǳơ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƨƷƢƥ Eisenröhreplatz ńƛ ƢǻȂƦǴƳ ǲǸǠǳơ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǎƸǧ ȂƥƢǰǳơ .ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ ǁȂǷȋơ ƩǂƳ ǭƢǼǿ .ƿȏȂǨǳơ ǺǷ ƤȈƥƢǻƗ ǡǂǨǻ ƢǼǸōǴǇ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .ǵȂȈǳơ ǲǸǠǻ ơƿƢǷ ňƾŭơ "ǂƬǈŭơ" ǞǷ Ǫċǈǻȁ ǁȂǷȋơ .ǲǸǠǳơ Ʃȏƕ ǹǄű Ŀ ǹǂǨǳơ ƣǂǫ ǵƢǼȈǳ Ƥǿƿȁ -ǲǸǠǳơ ǂȇƾǷ – VorarbeiterǱ ǾǼǷ ǀƻƚƫ ǹƗ ǥƢź ȏ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƆƢȇƽȂȀȇ ǆȈǳ Ǿǻȋ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ńƛ ǲƻƾȇ ȏ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ơǀǿ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǂƴǨǻơ .ǾǼǷ śƥǂǬǸǴǳ ƩơŐǰǷȁ ƨȈǳƢǟ ƩƢǋǂǧ ǞȈǸƴǴǳ ǝǃȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ǂȇƾǷ .ƨǨȈǛȂǳơ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƪǴǐƷ Ŗǳơ ƢǐǠǳƢǧ ǵȂȈǳơ ƢƆƠȈǇ ȆǜƷ ǹƢǯȁ ƨǨƻ ǲǫȋơ ƢǐǠǳơ ȄǴǟ ǝơǂǐǳơ ǹƗ ƢƆǷǄǴǷ ƪǼǯ řǻƗ ǥǂǟƗȁ ƆƢǷơǂǣ ȂǴȈǯ ǂǌǟ ƨǈŨ ǺǷ ǲǫƗ ȏ ǹǄƫȁ ƔƢƳȂǟ ƪǻƢǯ ǺǷ śƬȈǷ ƢǼǯ ƨǟƢǇ Ǧǐǻ ƾǠƥȁ ƆƢƠȈǋ ǲŧƗ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƤƷǂǳơ ƔƢǔǨǳơ Ŀ ƢȀǠǧǁƗ .ƤǠƬǳơ ǹƢǯ ƧȂǘƻ ǲǯ ǞǷ .ƣȁǀȇ ȅǀǳơ ƲǴưǳơ Ŀ ƱǂǠǻ . ǽƢǐǟȁ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ .ǩǂǨƬǻ ȏ .ơƆƾƥƗ ǂǬƬǈǷ Śǣ Ȇǌŭơ ƶƦǐȇ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǲƷȂǳơ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ƢǼƥƢǠǯƘƥ ƲǴưǳơ ǪǴǠȇ ǹƗ ǆŴ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ǺǷ śƫƽǂǨǳơ ȃƾƷƛ ƪǴǨƫ ŕƷ ƨƦȈǐŭơ ǽǀǿ ǺǷ ǎǴƼƬǳơ ǺǰŻ .ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ǺǷ ǂǐǫƗ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴą ǁƎ ƧǁȂǇƢŭơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǆƷƗ .ƨǫȐǸǟ ƾȇƾƷ ƧǁȂǇƢǷ ƧǁƢȈǈǳơ ǺǷ ǱǄąǼǻĄ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǵȂȈǳơ ǲǔǨŭơ ǺǷ ƢǼǳ .ǹƢǼǗƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ńƛ ƨǈŨ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢĔǃȁȁ ƨȇȁƢǸȈǯ ƩƢȈǔƬǬŭ Ȇǿ ǶǈǬǼȇ ǹǃȂǳơ ƨǗƢǈƦƥ .ƧŚƦǯ ƩơǄȈȀš Ǟǘǫ ǞǷ ǲǸǠǳơ ǂưǯƗ ǲȀǈǳơ ǺǷ ǹȋ ơǀǰǿ .ƨǸȀŭƢƥ ǵƢȈǬǴǳ ƨƦǇƢǼǷ ǲǸǟ ƩơȁƽƗ ƢǼǻȂǘǠȇ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ƉȁƢǈƬǷ ǲǰǌƥ ǎƼǋ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨȈǻƢưǳ ƩȂȀǇ ơƿƛȁ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ǲǈǰǳơ ǝȂǼŲȁ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ Śǘƻ ǲǸǟ ơǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǹȂǠǬȇȁ ǹȂǴǌǨȇ ǱƢƳǂǳơȁ ǹǃơȂƬǳơ ƾǬǨƫ ƾǬǧ 70

ǲǸǠǳơ

ǶȀƴƬŭơ ňȂǳȂƦǳơ ǶǫƢǘǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ǾǈǨǼƥ ȆǴǣȂǻ ǂƬǈǷ ǊƬǨŭơ ǢȇǂǨƬǳơ ǲǸǟ Ƥǫơǂȇ ȆǴǣȂǻ ƾȈǈǳơȁ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ǹȉơ ƨǟȂǓȂǷ ƧǁȂǇƢŭơ .ǚǨǳơȁ ƩȂǰċǈǳơ . Bohlen holen:ǱȂǬȇ ƢƆǼǰŲ ƶƦǐȇ Ȇǰǳ "ŀǄƬǳơ ŚǇơȂǷ ƤǴƳ ƤŸ" :ǾǷȐǯ ŘǠǷ .ƢǼǴƻơƽ Ŀ ƣȁǀȇ ƢǼƦǴǫ ńƛ ŚǇơȂŭơ ƨȇƾȇƾūơ ȆǐǠǳƢƥ ǾȈǴǟ Ǟǧƾǻ Ȇǰǳ ƩƢǠǬǼƬǈŭơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ ǁƢǈǷ ƤȈǯǂƫ Ȃǿ ƢĔǃȁ !ƢƆǷơǂǣ ȂǴȈǯ ƨȈǻƢť ǹǄƫȁ Ǒǁȋơ Ŀ ƨǇȁǂǤǷ ŀǄƬǳơ ŚǇơȂǷ .ǞǼǐŭơ ǲƻơƽ ơƿƛ ǖǬǧ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ƨƾǟ ƢȀǴŧ ǶĔƢǰǷƜƥ ƔƢȇȂǫȋơ .ǾǴǸŴ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ȅǀǳơ ǲǬƯȋơ ǹǃȂǳơ ǵƢǜǟ ȄǴǟ ǖǤǔȇ ǲąǸū ĉ ơ .ƨǟǄǨǷ ƧƢǻƢǠǷ ňƢǟƗ ƢǻƗȁ ȆǨƬǯ Ńƚȇ ƢȀǴǬƯ .ƢƆƳơȁǃƗ ơȂǴǸǟ ǹƗ ƾǠƬǈǷ ƢǻƗ .ƾȀŪơ Ƨƾǋ ǺǷ ȄǸǟƗ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ ǉǂǗƗ ƢǻƗ Ǳȁȋơ ǲǸūơ ƾǠƥȁ ǦƬǰǳơ .ƨȈǻƢƯ ƧǂǷ ǲąǸū Ċ ơ ǺǷ ƣǂȀƬǳơ ǲȈƦǇ Ŀ Ȑ Ɔ ǧƢǇ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ ǲǸǟƗ ǲȇȂǗ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƆƢȇȂǫ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴǁ ȁƾƦȇ ȅǀǳơ ǮȈǻȁǁ ǞǷ ƢƆǰȇǂǋ ǹȂǯƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ ǹƗ ǁȂǷȋơ ǪǘǼǷ ǺǷ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ǾȈǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ ǞǬȈǇ ŐǯƗ ƢƆǻǃȁ ǹƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƨǷƢǬǳơ ȆǷƢǷƗ ƽȂǠȇ ȏ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ǾǴưǷ ƢƆȇȂǫ ǂƻƕ ƢƆǰȇǂǋ ǁƢƬźȁ ǁƢǬƬƷƢƥ řǔǧǂȇ ǥȂǇ ǮȈǻȁǁ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǺǰŻ ƢǷ ǱȂǗƗ ƢƆƬǫȁ ǞǰǈƫƗ ǭƢǼǿȁ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǳơ ƤǴǗƗ ǹƗ ȏƐ ƛ řǻȂƥǂǔȇ ƆȏƢƷ řǻȁƾŸ ǥȂǇ ǶĔƗ ȆǸǴǟ ǞǷ ƢǷ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ƔœƬƻƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǲǔǧƗ ȅǂǜǻ Ŀ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨȇǂƼǈǳơȁ ǁƢǬƬƷȏơ ǖŰ řǻȂǴǠŸȁ ǲąǸū ĉ ơ Ǟǧǂȇ Ȃǿ :Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ǪǧơȂȇ ǮȈǻȁǁ ƨƦȈƴǟ ƨȇƗ ơȁǂǜǻơ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǲǸǠǳơ ƗƾƦǻȁ ǾƬŢ ǱǄǼȇ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŹ ňƢưǳơ ǥǂǘǳơ Ǟǧǂȇ ŘǸȈǳơ ȆǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ Ǫǧǂƥ ǾǠǔȇ ǽƾƷȁ .ŚǈǳƢƥ ǂưǯƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪǈǳ řǻƗ ǆƷƗ ƧȂǘƻ ǲǯ ǞǷȁ ƲǴưǳơȁ ǲƷȂǳƢƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ƧǁȂǇƢŭơ ƨǜū ǲǯ Ŀȁ ƨǋƢǸǰƥ ƨǯȂǈŲ Ȇǿ ƢŶƘǯ ƨǟȂƳȂǷ ǦƬǰǳơ ǹȐǌǨƫ ǹƢƬƦǯǂǳơ ǲƷȂǳơ ȆǴǠǻ ǞǴƬƦȇ ǲƷȂǳơ ǹƗ ǆƷƗ ƧȂǘƻ ǲǯ ǞǷ .ǹǃơȂƬǳơ ƾǬǧƗ řǻƗ ǆƷƗ ƧȂǘƻȁ ǾǻƗ ǥȁǂǠǷ ŖǨǋ ȄǴǟ ǖǤǓƗ ȅƽƢƷƗ ǹȂǴƥ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ ȌŻȁ ƨƷƢǈǷ ǲǯ ȆǘǤȇ ňȂǳȂƦǳơ ƾȇƾǌǳơ Ńȋơ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƬǴǳ ȃȂǬǳơ ƨȈǬƥ ƾȈǼš ǺǰŲ ȅȂǻƢưǳơ ǦȈǨŬơ Ńȋơ ƧƾǟƢǈŠ ǭƢǼǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ňơȂȈƷ ǦǼǟ ǺǷ ƢƆǫȐǘǻơ ƢǼǻȂƥǂǔȇ ǶȀǔǠƥȁ Ǯǳƿ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ȂǧƢǰǳơ ƢƆǔȇƗ 71

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǲąǸƷĉ ƪŢ ǖǬǈǻ ǥȂǇ ǲȈǴǫ ƾǠƥ ƢǼǻƗ ǹȁǂǠǌȇ Ƕǿ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƤŞ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢǼƥǂǔȇ ǺăǷ ǞǷ ƩƢƥǂǠǳơ ȂǬƟƢǇ ǲǷƢǠƬȇ ƢǸǯ ƨȇȂǬƫȁ ǞȈƴǌƫ ǵȐǯ ƢǼǳ ǹȂǳȂǬȇ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ǞǷ .ǵȏȉơ .ƩƢƥǂǠǳơ ǂš Ŗǳơ ǱȂȈŬơ ňƢǰǷ Ŀ ȄǬƥƗ ƢǻƗȁ .Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ƨȇƾȇƾūơ ƨǧƢǨǴǳƢƥ ǥǀǬǻ .ƢǼǧƾǿ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ Ńȋơ ǦǫȂƬƥ ǁȂȀƦǷ ȆǴǯ .śƬǨȈǠǓ Ǻȇƾȇȁ ǂǣƢǧ Ƕǧȁ śƬƬǿƢƥ śǼȈǟ ǞǷ ƆơƾǷƢƳ ǲǤƬǇƗȁ ǲǸǠǴǳ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ňŐš ƨǜǧ ƨǠǧƽ ǁƢǜƬǻơ Ŀ ǅơȂƸǴǳ ǦǠǓ ǞǷ ƔȆƳƢǨŭơ .ǊǠƬǻƗ ŕƷ ƨǜū ǲǯ Ǯǳƿ ǱȐƻ ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǫ ƔǖƦƥ ŀǄƬǳơ ƩƢǧƢǨǳ ńƛ ƽȂǠǻ .ȅǀƼǧ ǆŻ ǮȈǻǃǁ ňȂǌǧƾȇ Ń .ǲǸĉūơ ǶȀǧƢƬǯƗ ȄǴǟ ơȂǴǸŹ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ƘǗƢƦƬǻ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŴ ȃǂƻƗ ƱơȁǃƗ ǁȁƾƫ ǭƢǼǿ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǳȂȀǇ ǂưǯƗ ƨǈƥƢȇ ƨƸǨǐǳơ ǽǀǿ .Allons, petit, attrape7

.ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬǳơ ǾǼǷ ƤǴǗƗȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ǂȇƾǷ ǵƢǷƗ ǦǫƘǇ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ƧǂǨǈǳơ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ƵȂǸǈǷ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ ƧǂǷ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ơƆƾƳ ƧƾȈǠƥ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ǹƗ ǹƢǰŭơ ƨȈǴǔǧƗ Ǻǟ ƤȈǤǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ƵȂǸǈǷ ǺŴ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ ƧǂǷ .ƢƆȈƦǈǻ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆǼǷǃ ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǟ ƤȈǤƬǻ ǹƢſƢǧ Ņ ơȂǸǓ ơƆƾȈƷȁ ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬǳơ ǝȂǼŲ Ǿǻȋȁ .ƢƆȈƦǈǻ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆǼǷǃ ǲǤǌǳơ Scheissbegleiter ƨǨȈǛȁ ǾǬƫƢǟ ȄǴǟ ȆǬǳƗ .ƶƳƢǼǳơ Śǣ ƨǟȂǸĐơ Ŀ ǦǠǓȋơ (Ǿǳ ǅƢǇƗ ȏ ǥȂƻ) ȏƆ ȁƚǈǷ ǹƢſƢǧ ǹȂǰȇ śȈǠƬǳơ ơǀǿ ǶǰŞȁ .ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ Ǫǧơǂŭơ .ǭƢǼǿ ŚƦǯ ǂƻƘƫ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ƤǇƢŹ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ ƢƆȈǴǸǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ƣǂǿ ƨǳȁƢŰ ǲǯ Ǻǟ ȅƽƢǷǂǳơ ƲǴưǳơ Ŀ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ǲƷȂǳơ Ŀ ǖďƦǳƗ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ńƛ ƱǂƻƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǲƎƦǫƌ œǴǗ ƮȈƷ ǾǠǷ Ʈȇƾūơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ȏ .ȆǠǷ Śǈȇ ƨǷƢǬǳơ Śǐǫ ǹƢſƢǧ ƧƽǂĉŬơ śƥ ǁǀǬǳơ ŚƦƻȁ ǶǴǠǷ ȂȀǧ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ĺơǁ ǾǻƗ Ņ ơȂǳƢǫ ǽƙƢǫƾǏƗ ƨǯǂƬǌǷ ƨǤǳ ƢǼǼȈƥ ƪǈȈǳ ǲǰƥ ǺǰŻȁ ƤȈƦǘǯ ƧǂȀǋ Ǿǳ ƢȈǈƬȈǳƢǣ Ŀ ǽƽȐƥ Ŀ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƧơǁȂƬǳơ Ŀ ǲǸǠȇ ǹƗ ƶƳƢǻ Ȃǿȁ ƩȂǰǇȁ Ǌǿ ǆǘǧƗ .ǽơǂƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǯǳƿ Ǫȇƾǐƫ ƾȈǯƘƫ

.ǮǈǷơȁ ǲȀǯ Ƣȇ ǵƾǬƫ ǽƢǼǠǷ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ œǠǋ ǲưǷ 7 72

ǲǸǠǳơ

ǶǴǰƬȇ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǫ Ȃǿȁ ƨǠƟơǁ ƨȇȂȈƷ Ǟǌƫ Ǿƫǂǜǻ .ƩȂŻ ȁƗ ǑǂŻ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ śƬǼǇ Ȃǿ ȅǀǳơ ȅƾǻƢǷ ǞǷ ƨȇŐǠǳƢƥȁ ǊȇƾȇȏƢƥ ƽȂǸǴƬǳơ ǺǷ ǞȈǓơȂǷ ǱȂƷ ƨǴǷƢǯ ƩƢȈǈǷƗ .ǂǏƢǠǷ ĺơǁ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƾǠƥ ǹƢŭȋơ ǶǬȇ Ń ƨƬǫƚǷ Ȇǿ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ .ƨƬǷƢǏȁ ƨƟƽƢǿ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ȇǿ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Nur für Polen, ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ǪǗƢǼŭơ śƥ ǲǐǨǴǳ ƢŮ ƤǌŬơ ǺǷ ǥȂǬǇ ƨǷƢǫƜƥ 8

.Nur für Engländer, Nur für Ukrainische Frauen

Ŀ .ǢǼǴƬǧƢȀǴǳ ǖǬǧ Nur für Häftlinge ƢǷ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟȁ ƆƢǷƾǫ ơǀǰǿȁ ȄǴǟ ǲȀǯ ȆǇȁǁ ǲǷƢǟ ǢǼǴƬǧƢǿ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǆǴŸ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǲƻơƾǳơ ŚƦǯ p ǥǂƷ ǽǁƾǏȁ ǽǂȀǛ ȄǴǟ ňȂǳȂƥ ƣƢǋ ost ǥȁǂūơȁ ǩǁǃƗ ǖȇǂǋ ǾǸǯ ȆǯƢǯ ǆƥȐǷ ǆƦǴȇ Ǟǌƥ ǲǰǌƥ ǩȂǴŰ ǾȀƳȁ ȅǄȈǴųƛ ƣǂƷ ŚǇƗȁ ǒȈƥƗ ǹȂǴƥ ȄǴǟ (ƣǂƷ ŚǇƗ – KG (Kriegsgefangener ƨǷȐǟ ȅȂǰǷȁ ǦȈǜǻ ƧŐǻ ȅƿ ƩȂǐƥ ǾǳƘǈȇ ļƘȇ ǺăǷ ǲǯȁ ƣƢƦǳơ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ Ǧǫơȁ ǆǷƢŬơ ǢǼǴƬǨǳơ ǽǂȀǛ Ȇǈǻǂǧ ƪǻƗ ǲǿ Etes-vous français:ƧƢǻƘƥȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ǹƗ ƨǷȐǟ ǂȀƌǜǳơ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƤǴš Ŗǳơ ƩƢǼƷƢǌǳơ ǂŤ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƾȈǠƦǳơ ǲƦǬƬǈǸǴǳ ĺƢƦǔǳơ Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ȁƾƦƫ ǂȀǜǳơ ƨǏǂǧ ǹȋ ƨǷǂƬŰ ƨǟƢǇ ƧǂǋƢǠǳơ Ȇǿ .ǍȐŬơ ƨǟƢǈǳ ȃȂǬǳơ ǝƢǸƴƬǇơ ǺǰŲȁ ŕƷ ƨǨȈǨƻ ƨȇƾȇƾƷ ǦƟƢǨǳ Ǻǟ ǝȂǸǌǳƢƥ ǊƬǧƗ ǮȈǻǃǁ ǞǷ ǂȇȁƢǌǷ ƧƾǠƥ ǵȂǫƗ ƢǻƗ ƧƽƢƷ ǦƟƢǨǳ ȏƐ ƛ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ńȁ ƢǿȁǀƻƗ ƧƾďȈŪơ ǦƟƢǨǴǳơ ǲǯ Ǻǰǳȁ ƧƾȈǠƦǳơ ǵơȂǯȋơ Ŀ ǕȂǘŬơ ǪȈǴǠƬǳ ƨƥȁǂǔǷ ƨȇƾȇƾƷ Ƣȇơȁǃ ƢȀǧơǂǗƗ Ŀȁ ƲǴưǳơȁ ǲƷȂǳƢƥ ƨǻȂǿƾǷ ƨǴȈǬƯȁ .ƨȇƾȇƾūơ ǹƗ ǶȀǨǻ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƤǴŪ ǾǠǷ Ƥǿǀȇ ŕƷ ǹƢſƢǧ ȅƽƢǼȈǳ ƔƢƳ ǆǻơǂǧ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ǂȀǜǳơ ƾǠƦƥ ǂǰǨȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ȄƐǳȁ ƵƢƦǐǳơȁ .Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȇƽƢūơ ƨǟƢǈǳơ

.ƩƢȈǻơǂǯȁȋơ ƔƢǈǼǴǳ ǖǬǧ śȈǻȂǳȂƦǴǳ ǖǬǧ ǄȈǴųȎǳ ǖǬǧ :ƨȈǻƢŭƗ 8 73

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƗƾƦȇ ǦǐǼǳơȁ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȇƽƢūơ Ŀ ƤǠǐǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ ǺǷ ƨȈǧƢǓƛ Ƨǁȁƽ ǺǷ ƽȂǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǺǷ ƢǻǀƻƗ ǲǿȁ ǾƬȈǟȂǻ Ȇǿ ƢǷȁ ǵȂȈǳơ ƾƳȂȇ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ Ƕǯ ȅƾȈǴǬƬǳơ ǪȈǬƸƬǳơ ƶųƗ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǴƠǇȋơ ǱƘǇƗ ȏ ǹƗ ƾȀƬƳƗ ƢǻƗ .ȄǴǨǈǳơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ǁƾǬǴǳ ƢȈǴǠǳơ ƨǬƦǘǳơ Ŀ ƧǂǌƬǼŭơ ƺȈƦǘǳơ ƨƸƟơǁ ńƛ ȆǨǻƗ ǾȈƳȂƬǳȁ ƨǴƠǇȋơ ǝƢǸǈǳ ƧȂǬƥ ƩƢǐǻȍơ ǵƾǟ Ŀ .Ǫǧȋơ ƢǼƫơȂǴǐǳ ơȂƥƢƴƬǇơ ƢŶƘǯ Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ȁƾƦȇ ȅǀǳơ ǂƴǨǳơ ǱơǄǣ ǲưǷ ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ Ŀ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƧǂǷȁ .ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼƥǀǠȇ ȅǀǳơ ǝȂŪơȁ ƔƢǼǠǳơ ǦǨź ȅǀǳơ ǂȀǜǳơ ŚǨǏ ǞǸǈǻ ƧƽȁƾŲ ǹȂƸǐǳơȁ ǁȁƾǳƢƥ ǹȂǨǬȇ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ńƛ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ǲǰǳơ :ƨǧȂǳƘŭơ ƾǿƢǌŭơ .ǁƢūơ ȆƟƢŭơ ƣȁǂǌŭƢƥ ǶǿƔƢǠǷƗ ơȁȌǸȈǳ ƨǟȂĐơ ǶƟƢȀƦǳƢǯ ǹȂǟǂǈǷ ǶȀǴǯ ǶȀǷƢǷƗ ǪǴǘȇ ȂǧƢǰǳơ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯȁ ơƆƾƳ ƨȈƟƢǷ ƩƢƦƳȂǳơ ǹȋ Ǳȁȋơ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƢŠǁ Ŀ ƢǷ ǹƗ ƾǯƚŭơ ǺǷ ǹȋ ǁąƾǬĉ ǳơ ȃȂƬŰ Ŀ ǲƻƾƬȇ ȏȁ ƢǼǟȂƳ ǺǷ ǂƼǈȇȁ ƩƢǻƢǿȍơ ƨȈǷƢƷ ǺǘƦǳơ Ǧź ǂƫȂƬǳơ .ƢƆȈƥƢŸơȁ ƆƢŹǂǷ ƢƆǇƢǈƷƛ ǆŴ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥ .Ǿǳ ǁąƾǬĉ ǳơ ǲǨǇƗ ƨƦǿǂƥȁ ƨƠȈǘƥ ƩƢǯǂŞ ƨǬȈǫƽ ƧǁƢƴȈǇ ǹȂǳȁƢǼƬȇ ǹȂǼƻƾŭơ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ƔĿƾȇ ǁȂǼƬǳơ ƨƸƟơǁ ǲưǷ ƨƸƟơǁ ƱǂţǁȂǼƬǳơ ƧǁơǂƷ ǺǷ ƨƠǧơƽ ƔƢŭƢƥ ƨǴǴƦǷ ǞȈǸŪơ ǆƥȐǷ ƨȈǇƾǫ .ƣȐǰǳơ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǱȐƻȁ ǲǷƢǰǳơ ƪǸǐǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ ȄǴǟ ƣȂƬǰǷ Śǣ ǵƢǟ ǝƢŦƛ ǭƢǼǿ ƧǂǷȁ ƢǼǼȈǟƗ ǒǸǤǻ ǵƢǷȋơ ńƛ śǫȂǳƾǷ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƾƷơȂǳơ śǗȂǤǔǷ ǞȈǸŪơ ǵƢǼȇ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ǆǴų ƪȈƦǳơ Ŀ ǺŴ ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ǵȐƷȋơ ǵȐƷƗ ƢǼǇȁƙǁ Ŀ ǁȁƾƫ ȃǂƻƗ ƾȈƦǠǳơ ǵȂǻȁ ǶƟơƾǳơ ƤǠƬǳơ Ǻǟ ƢǼǴǸǟ ơƿƢǷ ǎǬǻ ƪȈƦǳơ Ŀ ȁƗ ƨƦƳȂǳ ƧƾǠŭơ ƧƾƟƢŭơ .ơǀǿ ǭǂƸƬƫ ƨŭƚǷ Ƨǂǰǧ ǁȂǴƦƬƫ ǆǟƢǼǳơ Ǣǔŭơ ƩȂǰǇ ǖǇȁ ƢǷ ƪǫȁ ǁȁǂǷ ƾǠƥ ƨǟƢǈǳơ Es wird bald ein Uhr seinƨƷơǂƬǇȏơ Ƶǂǧ ǞǘǬƫ ƨǠƳȂǷ ǂǟƢǌǷ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ǂǌƬǼȇ ƨǴƟƢǿ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǂǌƬǼȇ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǗǂǈǳơ ǑǂǷ ǲưǷȁ .ƧƾƷơȂǳơ ŅơȂƷ ǱǄǼȇ ƲǴưǳơ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǱȂǳȂƫ Ŗǳơ ƶȇǂǴǳ ƪǐǼǻ .ǥȂŬơ ƢǼȈǧ ǚǫȂȇȁ ƢǼǜǫȂȇ ȅǀǳơ

74

ǲǸǠǳơ

ŕƷ ǵȂǼǳƢƥ ǹȂǰǈǸƬǷ ǲǰǳơ Uhr sein es wird schnell einĺƢƦǌǳơ ȄǴǟ .ƢǼǷ ƤȇǂǬǳơ ƣƢƦǳơ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ƔȆš Ŗǳơ ƧǁƢǋȎǳ ǆȈǇƢƷȋơ ƾǠƬǈƫȁ ƢǼǯǂƬȇ ȏ ǮǈŻ ƾǸš ǺǸǯ ǦǬȇ Ȃǿȁ ƲǴƯ Ƨǂǯ ƣǂǓ ǾǴƳȂǻ ǂƬǈǷ .ƱƢƳǄǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨƥǂǓ Ǻǳ ơƆƾƷƗ ǹƗ Ǯǋ ǾƦǴǫ Ŀ ǆȈǴǧ Ɣȁƾđ ǱȂǬȇȁ ǵȂǬȇ ȂǧƢǰǳơ .ƢǻȂŴ ƨȀƳȂŭơ ƨǟƢǈǳƢƥ ! ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǲǰǳơ Alles heraus :ǀǨǼȇ ȏ ǹƗ ƙǂŸ ǪƥƢǈǳơ Ŀ ƢȀƬǳƢƦǫ ƢǼǨǫȁ ƢǸǯ ƶȇǂǳơ ƨǳƢƦǫ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ Ȃǳ !ȆǰƦǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ Ȃǳ !ǅȂǨǻ Ȑƥ ǹơƾȇƾǳƢǯ .ǹȉơ ǺŴ ƢǸǯ ǆȈǳȁ ǺȇȁƢǈƬǷ ǱǄǼĄȇ ǾȈǨƬǯ śƥ ǾǇƗǁ ǶǴǸǴȇ ǮȈǻǃǁ .ǽƢǐǟ Ǟǧǂȇ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǺŴ ƲǴưǳơ ƢǸȀǼǟ ǲǐǨǻơ śƬǴǳơ ƔơŐǤǳơȁ ƨǔǨƼǼŭơ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ńƛ ǾȈǼȈǟ Ǟǧǂȇ ǾȈǻƿƗ ȄǴǟ ƨǠƦǬǳơ 9

.Si j'avey une chien, je ne le chasse pas dehors :ƨŧǁ Ȑƥ

.ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƢȀǧǀǫȋ ƪǼǯ ƢǷ ƨƦǴǯ ȅƾǼǟ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ :ƨǋȂǌǷ ƨȈǈǻǂǧ ƨǤǳ 9 75

ƾƷơȁ ƾȈƳ ǵȂȇ .ňƢǈǻȍơ ǽǂǿȂƳ Ȃǿ ǹƢŻȏơ ơǀǿ .ƢƆǧƾǿ ƧƢȈƸǴǳ ǹƗ ǾƷǁơȂƳ ǲǰƥ ǺǷƚȇ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƔƢũƘƥ ƢĔȂǸǈȇȁ ǾƫƽȂƳ ǱȂƷ ǹȂǌǫƢǼƬȇ .Ǿƥ ǹȁǂǰǨȇ ǁơǂƷȋơ ǅƢǼǳơ ơǀŮ .Ǿƥ ǂǰǨǻ ȏ ƾƷơȁ ǝȂǓȂǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ǞȈƥǂǳơ ŕƷ ǊȈǠǻ ǹƗ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ǖȈǈƥ ǥƾŮơ ƢǼǳ ƨƷƢǇ Ŀ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ƢǼǳƢǷƕ ǲǯȁ ƨȈǈǨǼǳơ ƢǼƫƢǫƢǗ ǲǯ ƨȀƳȂǷ ǖǬǧ ǥƾŮơ ńƛ ƱȁǂƼǴǳ Őǐǳơ ǡǁƢǨƥ ƧŚưǯ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǂǜƬǼǻ ƆƢǧȂǨǏ ƢƆǧȂǨǏ ǦǬǻ ǑơǂǠƬǇȏơ Ǧšǂƫ ƨȈǿơȂǳơ ƢǼǷƢǈƳƗ ǲǠšȁ ƢǼǈƥȐǷ ǲƻơƽ ǲƻƾƫ ƔơȂǿ ƨǸǈǻ ǲǯ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǲǸǠǳơ ǂǜǼǻ ǵȐǜǳơ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ƵƢƦǏ ǲǯ .ǹȂȇƽƢǷǁ ǺŴ ŕƷȁ ƢǼǳȂƷ ŐǣƗ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ƮȈƷ ǶǴǰƬǻ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ƔĿơƾǳơ ǶǇȂŭơ ƔȆƴŠ ƧǂǌƦŭơ ńȁȋơ ƩƢǷȐǠǳơ ǚƷȐǻ ŕƷ ǩǂǌǳơ ńƛ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƨƠǧơƽ ƢƆǬƷƗ ǆǷƗ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƧǂǰƦǷ ǵȂȈǳơ ƪǫǂǋƗ ƢƆǬƷƗ ǆǸǌǳơ ǩȁǂǋ ǱȂƷ .ƾƷơȁ ȁƾǠƥ ƢǻƙơƾǟƗ ǲǬȇȁ ƽŐǳơ ƽƾƦƬȇ ǂȀǋ ȁƗ ǺȇǂȀǋ ƾǠƥ ǆǷƗ ƨȈǻȂǳȂƥ ǆſ .Ǫǧȋơ ǺǷ ƨȈǬǻȁ ƨƸǓơȁ ǆǸǌǳơ ƪǠǨƫǁơ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǸǴǳ ǵȂȈǳơ ƢȀǼǟ ƪǟǄĄǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǶǈŪơ ƾǴƳ ǖǬǧ ǖǬǧÅȐȈǴǫ ƔĿăƾƫĄ .ƧƾȈǠƥȁ ƔƢǔȈƥ ƧƽǁƢƥ ƢǻƗ ƪǈǈƷƗ ƮȈƷ Őǣȋơ ǁȂȀǸŪơ ǺǷ ǱƢǠǨǻơ Ʊǂǿ Ȑǟ ƧŚƻȋơ ƣƢƦǔǳơ ƢȇƢǬƥ .ǆǸǌǳơ ƧƽƢƦǟ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǦȈǯ ƪǸȀǧȁ ȆǈƥȐǷ Őǟ ƪǴǤǴǤƫ Ŗǳơ ƧǁơǂūƢƥ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǂȇƾȇȁ .ǂǴǰȈǈƫ ǱȂǬȇ .ƢǻƔơǁȁ ƗȂǇȋơ – Das Schlimmste ist vorüber ȆǰȈǻȂǳƢǇ ƽȂȀȇ śȈǻƢǻȂȈǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢƬǟȂǸů ǦǬƫ œǻƢŝ ƨƠǧơƾǳơ ǆǸǌǳơ ńƛ ǽǂȀǛ ơȂǌȈǠȇ ǹƗ Ƕēƽơǁƛ .ǹȁƾƷȂǷȁ ǹȁƾȈǼǟȁ ǹȂǫǁƢǇȁ ƧƢǈǫȁ ƔƢȈǯƿƗ .śǨȈƼŭơȁ śǠƟơǂǳơ ơȁǂǘȈǇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹȂȈǻƢǻȂȈǳơ ƔƢǬƦǴǳ ǝơǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƨŧǁ ƨȇƗ ǶǿƾǼǟ ƪǈȈǳȁ ǂǷȋơ ƪǸǈƷ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơȁ ǶĔȂǷǂƬŹ ǹƢŭȋơ ŕƷ ƽȂȀȇ .ǞǼǐŭơ ǲƻơƽ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ȄǴǟȁ .ƺƥƢǘŭơ ȄǴǟ ǶȀǼǷ ǲǔǧƗ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƨưǳƢưǳơ ƨǼǈǳơ ǶŮ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǽǀǿ .ǶȀǼǷ ǹȂǧƢź ƪǈȈǳ ƨȈǼǣƗ ǹȂǼǤȇȁ ǂƻȉơ ǺǷ ƾƷơȂǳơ śƦȇǂǫ ǂƟơȁƽ Ŀ ǹȂǨǬȇ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǞǓȂǳơ 76

ƾƷơȁ ƾȈƳ ǵȂȇ

Ȃǿ !L'année prochaine à la maison řǧǂǠȇ ňƢǻȂȈǳơ ȂǈƬȈǴǧ .ƨȇƢĔ ƢŮ

ȂǌƬȈǴǧ 10!à la maison par la cheminée :ǦȈǔȇȁ ȆǿƢšơ Ŀ ƹǂǐȇ

ǺƸǴǳơ ƤǈƷ Ǒǁȋơ ƣǂǔƫ ǶȀǴƳǁƗ .ƪǫȂǳơ ǱȂǗ ǹȂǼǤȇ .ȅƢǼǯŚƥ Ŀ ǹƢǯ .ƔƢǼǤǳơ ǺǷ ȃǁƢǰǈǳƢǯ Ȑƥ ǹƢǯ Ǫǧȋơȁ ŅƢǠǳơ ǁȂǈǳơ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ Ǧǫȁ ƧŚƦǰǳơ ƨƥơȂƦǳơ ǪȇǂǗ ǺǷ ƢǼȈǌǷ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢƆȈǠǫơȁ ǆȈǳȁ ǥȁǂǠǷ -ǩǂǌǳơ ǺǷȁ ǱƢƦŪơ ƨǴǈǴǇ ƨȇƙǁ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǹƢǯ ƢƆƥȂǼƳ.ǵȂȈǣ ƢƆǷơǂƬƷơ .ǅơǂƳȌǳ Ʊǂƥ ƾƳȂȇ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ŕƷ .ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ǂǰǈǠŭ ǅơǂƳȋơ Ʊǂƥ– Ŀ ǞǨƫǁơ ƢǻȂƦǳơ ƤƟơǁǃ ǹƢƻƽ .ƩơǁƢȈǘǴǳ ƨȇƽƢǠǷ ƧǂǿǄǷ ƩƢƥƢǗ ǹƢǰŭơ ǱȂƷȁ !ƅ Ɣơǂǔƻ ƩƢƥƢǤƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ƨǔǨƼǼǷ ǱƢƦƳ ƨǴǈǴǇ ǾƬŢ ȃǂǻ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǹƢǯȁ .ƽǁƢƦǳơ Ǫǧȋơ ƢǼƟƢǈǼǳ ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ ƩƔƢƳ ňƢǯŚƥ Ŀ ǭƢǼǿ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠǻ ƢǼǴǯ ƢǼǻȋ ƢǼǴƻơƽ Ŀ ǵċȂǰƬȇ ƢǼƦǴǫ .ȁƢǼǯŚƥ ƢȀȈǧ ȃǂǻ Ŗǳơ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ .ƨǟǂǈƥ ƢǼƬȇƢĔ ƔȆš ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǻƽȏȁƗȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǿǻȋ Ɣơǂǔƻ ǱȂǬūơ ǝǁƢǌǳơ œǻƢƳ Ȑǯ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ƢǼȀƦƬǻơ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ .ȆǨƬţ ƢŶƘǯ ƧǂǔŬơ ǹƜǧ ǵȂȈǤǳơ śƥ ǆǸǌǳơ ƔœƬţ ŕƷ ƨǬǷƢǣȁ ƔơŐǣ Ȇǿ ǆǸǌǳơ ƔȂǓ ƪŢ ƢƆǔȇƗ .Ɣơǂǔƻ ƪǈȈǳ ƢǻȂƥ ƨǼȇƾǷ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǹƜǧ ƨǠǇơȁ ƩƢƷƢǇ ȄǴǟ ǂǌƬǼŭơ ǁƢƦǤǳơȁ ǹȂǗƢƦǳơȁ ƾȇƾūơ ǲȈǳ Ŀ .ǅƘȈǳơ ƔƢũƗ ȁƗ ǥǂƷƗ ǵƢǫǁƗ :ƢǼƟƢũƗ ǲưǷ ƢȀǫǂǗȁ ƢȀǟǁơȂǋȁ ƢēơǁƢǸǟ ƔƢũƗ .ƾǈƴƬŭơ ƶąƦǬƌ ǳơ ƤąǌǟĄ ƨǫǁȁ ŕƷ ȃǂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ ƨƴȈǈŭơ ƢȀƬƷƢǈǷ ǲƻơƽ Ŀ .ƨȈǷơǂƳƛȁ ƨƦǟǂǷ ơƾǟ ƢǸȈǧ ǭǂƸƬȇ ƔȆǋ ȏ .ǖǨǼǳơȁ ǶƸǨǳơ ǺǷ ƨǷƢǇ ǲƟơȂǈƥ ƨƥǂǌƬǷ Ǒǁȋơ .ƧƾƷơȁ .ǅƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƩơǁƢȈǇ ƾƳȂƫȁ ǅƢǼǳơȁ ƩơǁƢȈǈǳơ ǹƢŭȋơ śȇǁơƽȍơȁ śȈǼǬƬǳơ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƢȀȈǧ ǲǸǠȇ .ơƆƾƳ ƧŚƦǯ ƨǼȇƾǷ Ȇǿ ƢǻȂƥ ǹȂǌȈǠȇ ǲǰǳơ .ƨǤǳ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ȁƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ǆǸş ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ƔƢƥǂǣ ǎƼǋ ǦǳƗ ǹȂǠƥǁƗ ƩƢȈǻơǂǯȁƗ ƔƢǈǻ ǂǰǈǠǷ ǄȈǴųƛ ȃǂǇƗ ǂǰǈǠǷ .Ƣđ ƨǘȈƄơ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩơǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ

ƨǼƻƾŭơ Őǟ ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ ... ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ – ǵƽƢǬǳơ ǵƢǠǳơ Ŀ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 10 77

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǖǬǧ ǶȀǴǏƗ ǥǂǠǻ ȏ ǺŴ ǅƢǻȋ ȃǂƻƗ ƩơǂǰǈǠǷȁ śȈǈǻǂǨǳơ śǟȂǘƬŭơ ǂǰǈǠǷ ǂǰǈǠǷ) Judenlager, Vernichtungslager. Kazett ƢǻǂǰǈǠǷ Ŀ ǲǯ .ƾȈƦǠǳơ ƾȈƦǟ ǺŴ .ƢƥȁǁȁƗ ǶǷƗ ǲǯ ǺǷ śǴǷƢǠǳơ ǥȂǳƗ Ʃơǂǌǟ ƾƳȂȇ– (ƽȂȀȈǳơ ȄǴǟ ǭƢƄơȁ ƢǼǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ǁȂǨƄơ Ƕǫǂǳơ Ȃǿ ƢǼũơ ǂǷơȁȋơ ƢǼȈǘǠȇ ǹƗ ǾǬƷ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ .ǎȈǸǬǳơ ǾƸǘǇ ƨȇƙǁ ǺǰŻȁ .ƢǻȂƥ ǄǯǂǷ Ŀ ǦǬȇ ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ǽƢǼȈǼƥ ȅǀǳơ ƩƢǫȁǂƄơ Ʊǂƥ tegula, ecgli,

11

ƢȀũơ ƢȀǼǷ ƱŐǳơ řƥ Ŗǳơ ƧǁƢƴūơ .ƣƢƦǔǳơ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ƆƢǻƢȈƷƗ

ƧǁƢƴūơ ƩƾǼǇƗ ƾǫȁ kamenny, bricks, téglak, briques, Ziegel ǲǠǨǳƢƥȁ .ǲƥƢƥ Ʊǂƥ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ǵƢǐŬơȁ ƨȈǿơǂǰǳơ ƨȈǿơǂǰǳơ ƪǼũƜƥ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǥǂǬŭơ ƨǸǜǠǳơ ǶǴƷ ǾȈǧ ƢǼǿǂǯȁ Bobelturm, Babelturm ǾȈǸǈǻ ǺŴ .ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƢǼƬǷơǂǯ ƨǻƢǿƛ ǹƢǈǻȍơȁ ƅ ƨǻƢǿƛ .ƢǼȇƾƦǠƬǈŭ Ƥǟǂŭơȁ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ ǹƢŭȋơ ŕƷȁ ƨǼǠǴǳƢƥ ǵȂȈǳơ ńƛ ǆŴ ƢǼǻƜǧ ǲǿȋơ ǵƢȇƗ ǺǷ ƨǐǫ Ŀ ƢǸǯȁ ȄǴǟ ƺƥǂƫ Ŗǳơ ƨǸƟơƾǳơ ƨȈźǁƢƬǳơ ƨǼǠǴǳơ ǲƥ ƨȇȁƢǸǈǳơȁ ƨȈŮȍơ ƨǼǠǴǳơ ƪǈȈǳ Ƣđ ǹȂǈŹ .ǂƴūơ ƨǼǠǳ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ȃƾƸƬȇ ȅǀǳơ ǾȈǧ ȅǀǳơ ƩƢǤǴǳơ ǖȈǴƻ ȄǴǟȁ ňƢŭȋơ ǲƥƢƥ Ʊǂƥ ƨǴǷƢǯ śǼǇ ǞƥǁƗ ǾȈǴǟ ơȂƦǠƫȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǽƢǼƥ ȅǀǳơ ƢǻȂƥ ǞǼǐǷ ǺǷ :ƢƆǔȇƗ ǎǬǻȁ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ǵơǂǣ ȂǴȈǯ ŕƷ ơƆƾƥƗ ǾǼǷ Ʊǂź Ń ƽƾǠǳơ ȁŚưǯ ƩƢǷ ǾǴƻơƽ Ŀ ȅǀǳơȁ .ǕƢǘŭơ ȂǨǘƫ ƢȀƟƢǷ ǾƳȁ ȄǴǟ Ŗǳơ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƩƢǠǬǼƬǈŭơ Ŀ ƨȈǧƢǏ ƔƢũ Ƕǈƫǂƫ ǵȂȈǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǬƦǘƥ ƨǧȂǨǴŭơ ǽƢȈŭơ ǹǃƢű ǺǷȁ ƩƢǻơǄŬơ ǺǷ ƧƾǸƴƬŭơ ŚǇơȂŭơ ǺǷ .ǖǨǼǳơ ǺǷ ƨǬƦǗ ǞǨƫǂȇ ǹȂǗƢƦǳơ ƧǁƢƴƷ ǺǷ ǶƸǨǳơ ǵơȂǯƗ ǺǷ ǂǨūơ ƾǼǟ ƣơǂƬǳơ ǺǷ ƾȈǴŪơ ǺǷ .ƔƢƬǌǳơ ƨȈǬƥ ǁƢş ǆǸǌǳơ ǂƷ Ŀ ǵȂȈǳơ

ƨȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ƨȈǻơǂǯȋơ ƨȈǇȁǂǳơ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǨǴƬű ƩƢǤǴƥ ƔƢǼƥ ǂƴƷ 11 .ƨȈǻƢǷȁǂǳơ 78

ƾƷơȁ ƾȈƳ ǵȂȇ

ǶĔȂȈǟ ƔȂǓ ǶȀȈǳƛ ƽƢǟ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹƢȈǸǠǳƢǯ ƢǼǳȂƷ ǂǜǼǻ ǺŴ .ƾĈȈƳ ǵȂȇ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈǳơ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǆǸǌǳơ ƔȂǓ ȄǴǟ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƢǻƾƷƗ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǂǜǼǻ Ń ǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǲǿǀǼǻ !ƢǼƥǀǠȇ ȏ ǝȂŪơ ǹƗ Ȃǳ ǶǈƬƦȇ .ǵȏȉơȁ ƩƢƥơǀǠǳơ ǲǰƥ ǾǈǨǻ ƪǫȂǳơ Ŀ ǆŴ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ :ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǞƦǗ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǵƢǜǻ Ȃǿ ơǀǿȁ ƨǸƟơƽ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǫ ƤǈƷ ƧȂǫ ǂưǯȋơ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ƔœƬţ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨǴȀǈǳơ ǵȏȉơ ƤƦǈǳơ ƆƢǔȇƗ Ȃǿ ơǀǿȁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǊȈǠǻ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ ǺŴ ǾƫȂǫ ǺǷ ǖǬǧȁ ȅȁƢũ .Ǒơǁ Śǣ ơƆƾƥƗ Ȃǿ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǹƗ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ǞǸǈǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǶȈƼŭơ ƱǁƢƻ Ǿǻơ ƧƽƢǠǈǳƢƥ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ǵƾǟ ƤƦǈƥ ǆȈǳ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ƾǯƚŭơ ǺǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ Ǻǰǳȁ ǅƚƦǳơ ƣƢƦǇƗ ǹƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳ .ǅƚƦǴǳ ƾǬǠŭơ ǞƦǘǳơ ǶȀǧ ȄǴǟ Ƨǁƾǫ ǵƾǟ Ȃǿ ǲƥ .ƨǬǴǘŭơ ǞƥƢǻ ǶǇơ Ȃǿȁ ǖǬǧ ƾƷơȁ ǶǇƢƥ ƢȀȈǸǈǻ ǺŴȁ ǖǬǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ƧǁȂǏ Ƣǻǂǜǻ Ŀ ǆƦǴƫ ǦǌƬǰǻ ƤǴǬǳơ ǁƢǈǰǻƢƥ ƢǿƾǼǟ ǪȈǔǳơ ơǀǿ ƢǼǬȇƢǔȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƧȂǫ ǂưǯȋơ ǪȈǔǳơ ǺǷ ǺǷ ƨǴǈǴǇ ǭƢǼǿ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀȁ .ǂƻƕ ǪȈǓ ǭƢǼǿ ǪȈǔǳơ ơǀǿ Ɣơǁȁ ǾǻƗ ƢǼƬƠƳƢǨŭ .ƩƢƥơǀǠǳơ ǆŴ ǺŴ ƔƢƬǌǳơ ǵƢȇƗ Ŀ ƨǇơǂǋ ǂưǯȋơ ȁƾǠǳơ .ƽŐǳơ ǦǫȂƬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȏƆ ƢƷ .Ǯǳǀǳ ǖǬǧ .ƢǼǻƗ Ȃǳ" :ǱȂǬǻȁ ƨǘǴǤǳơ ǆǨǻ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǠǻ ǺŴ .ƢēȂǫ ǲǰƥ ǝȂŪơ ƩƢƥơǀǠƥ ƧƘƴǧ "!ƢƆǟƢȈƳ ƢǼǈǳ ǺŴ ǾǼȈǠƥ ǝȂŪơ Ȃǿ Ȃǿ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǝȂŪƢƥ ǂǰǨǻ ȏ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǦȈǯ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢǼǷ ƔǄƳ ǝȂŪơȁ ǝƢȈƳ ƢǼǈǨǻƗ ǲƥƢǰǳơ ȄǴǟ Ŗǳơ ƨǫȐǸǠǳơ Ǧǰǳơ ǁƢǨƷ ǁȂƬǯơǂƫ ǲǸǠȇ ǝǁƢǌǴǳ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ ǂšȁ ƨǼȈǴǳơ ǑǁȋƢƥ ƧȂǬƥ ǃǂǤǼƫ Ľ ǁƢƬţ ƧŚǐǫ ƧǂƬǨǳ ƽƽǂƬƥ ǵȂŢ ƢȀǫơƾǋƗ ƶƬǨƫ .ǦȈưǯȁ ǒȈƥƗ ǁƢƦǣ ǾǠǷȁ ȄǓǁ ƩȂǏ ǞǨƫǂȇ ƧƽƢȈǬǳơ ƨǧǂǣ ǺǷ .Ǒǁȋơ ǝȂƳ Ŀ .ƨȈǻƢƯ Ǯǳƿ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǠȇȁ ǾǴƻơƽ Ŀ ƢǷ ǲǯ ǪǐƦȇ ƢȀǸǧȁ ǁȁƾƫ ǞǨƫǂƫ Ǧǰǳơ

79

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

.ƶƬǨǼƫ ƢǼǿơȂǧƗ ƧǁƢǨƸǴǳ ƨǌĔ ǲǯ ǞǷ .ǱȁƢǠŭơ ȄǴǟ ƔȆǰƬǻ ǺȇǁȂȀƦǷ ǂǜǼǻ ǺŴ ƢǼǻȂȈǟ ǂȇƾǻ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ƢǼǈǳ .ǲȇǄŮơ ƾǴŪơ ƪŢ ǺǷ ǒǨƼǼƫȁ ǞǨƫǂƫ ȄǓǂǳơ ƧȂȀǋȁ .ƧǁƢǨūơ ƨƦƳȁ ǂǜǼǷ ǺǷ ǀƻƘȇ ƔƢǈǷ ǲǯ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ǞȈǸŪơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǞƟƢƳȁ ƨǼǇ Ƨǂǌǟ ǞƦǇ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ ȆǤȈǇ ǎǬȇ Ɨƾƥ.ǲƥƢǬǷ ǹȁƾƥ ǆȈǳ Ǻǜǳơ ƤǴǣƗ Ǿǳ ǞƥƢƫ Ȃǿ ǎƼǋ ǺǷ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ Ŀ ƧƽƢȇǃ Ǧǐȇ Ȃǿ ǹȉơȁ ƺƦǘŭơ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ɨƾƥ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǾǷƗ Ǻǟȁ ƢǼȈȈǧ Ŀ ǾƬȈƥ Ǻǟ ƮǳƢưǳơ ǺƸǐǳơ ǾǼȇ Ń ǾǻƗ ǪȈǸǟ ǦǇƘƥ ǂǯǀƬȇȁ Ʊơȁǃ ƨƦƳȁ ǲȈǏƢǨƬǳơ ǲȈǏƢǨƬƥ Ŗǳơ ƨȇǂǬǳơ ǦǏȂƥ ƗƾƦȇ ȐȈƥȁ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǂǌǟ ǂŤ ȏ ǾǻȂƬǰǈȇ ǲǰǳơ .ƢȈǳȂǏƢǨǳơ ƨƥǁȂǋ ǺǷ ƣȂƦƷ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǼǐŭơ ƧȂǴūơ Ƨǁǀǳơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳ ƨǨǏȁ ǵƾǬȇȁ Ƨǁǀǳơ ǱȂǬƷȁ ƢȇǁƢǤǼǿ Ŀ ƗƾƦȇ ƨǜū ƾǠƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ǾȈǴǟ ǹȂƻǂǐȇȁ ǾǻȂǼǠǴȇ ǅƢǼǳơȁ ƩơǁƢȀƦǳơȁ ƪȇǄǳơ ǞǷ ƨȈǴǬǷ .ǎǬǳƢƥ ƮǳƢưǳơ ȏ řǰǳȁ ȄƳǂƫ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ ǹƢȇǀŮơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ơƆƾĈȈƳ ǥǂǟƗ !ǝȂŪơ ƨǼǠǳ ƧŚƦǯ Ƕǯ ȅǀǳơ ƨǻȁǂǰǠŭơ ǺƸǏ ǎǫǂȇ ȆƷȁǁ śǟ Ŀȁ .ȆƟȐǷǃ Ǻǟ ƢƆǨǴƬű ǹȂǯƗ ǹƗ ǞȈǘƬǇƗ .ƢǻƗȁ Ȃǰǻơǂǧ ƢǻƢǌƫȂǳ ơƾǻƢǧ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ ǽƢǼƼƦǗ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ƱǂƼǼǇ ŅƢƬǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ ƢǼǻƗ ƢǼǧǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŅƢǬƬǻȏơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ Ǯǳƿ ƢǼǴǠǧ .ƢǼǨǫȂƫ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ .ƧƾǷƢƳȁ ƨȈƦǿƿ .ƧǃƢƬŲ ƪǻƢǯ ƨǻȁǂǰǠŭơ ƢǼǴǯƗ .ƧƾȇƾƳ ǪȇǂǗ ńƛ ƾƷơȁ ǂǷƗ ƭƾŹ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ƢǼǳ ƶȈƫƗ ơƿƛȁ !ƢǼǧǂǟ Ȃǳ !ǺŴ ǶȀǨǻ ȏ ƔƢȈƦǣƗ .ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ƢǼǬȇǂǗ Ŀ Ƣđ ȆǬƬǴǻ ȏ ǽǀȀǯ ƨƦƳȁ ƾȈǯƘƬǳƢƥ ƨǫƾƥ ƨǧȂǨǴǷ ƧŚǤǏ ƨǷǃǁ ǾƦȈƳ ǺǷ Ʊǂź ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ơƆŚƻƗ ǲǏȁ ȅǀǳơ ǂǌȈǧ ǺŴ ƢǼǷ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ƨƦƳȁ ǺǷ Ǧǐǻ ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ƢȀǴƻơƽ .ƨȇǁƢǤǼǿ ǵơƾǠǻȏ ƨǨǴƬű ƩơǂȇŐƫ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨǟƢǇ ǱȐƻ ǄƦŬơ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŹ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǫ Śǣ ȄǷơƾǬǳơ ǂƫȂƬǳơ .ƤŸ ƢǸǯ ǶǔȀĄȇ ȏ ƧŚǤǏ ƩƢƦƳȁ Ŀ ǾǻȂǴǯƘȇ ȅǀǳơ ǄƦŬơ Ǯǳƿ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬǳơ .ǮǈǨǼƥ ǂǔȇȁ ǂǔǷ ơƆƾƳ ǞƟƢƳ ƪǻƗ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǄƦŬơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴǳ ƾȀŪơ Ǻǟ ƲƫƢǼǳơ ȂƫŐǳƗ .ǂưǯƗ ƾȈǨȇ ǾǻƜǧ ǽƢǼǴǯƗȁ ƢǼǟǂǇƗ ƢǸǴǯ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ƨȈƟơǀǤǳơ ǾƬǸȈǫ ƾǬǨȇȁ ǆƦȈȇ ǄƦŬơ ƢǻȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƢǸĔƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳȁ ǹƢƬǔǫƢǼƬǷ ǹƢƬǬȈǬƷ Ƣŷ ƤȈŪơ Ŀ ǄƦŬơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǹƛ ǱȂǬȇ 80

ƾƷơȁ ƾȈƳ ǵȂȇ

ƢƆǻƢǸǓ ǂưǯȋơ ƨǻǄŬơ Ȇǿ ƧƾǠŭơ ǹƛ ǪŞ ǹȂǳȂǬȇ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ƨȈƦǴǣƗ .ƾƷơȁ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ Moi, on m'a jamais volé mon ,ǝƾŬơȁ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơ ǂǇ ȅƽƢǨƬǳ ǾȈǼȈǟ ƶȇǄȇ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ ȏ Ȃǿ .ǡǁƢǨǳơ ǾǼǘƥ ȄǴǟ ƣǂǔȇ Ȃǿȁ ƾȈǧơƽ ǱȂǬȇ 12!pain ǽƾǼǟ ƧǂǋƢǠǳơ ƨǟƢǈǳơ Ŀȁ "ǚƷ ƤƷƢǏ" .ƨȈƴȀǼŠȁ ƔǖƦƥ ǲǯƘȇ ȅǀǳơ ǂǌȈǧ Ǻǟ 13

!…sacré veinard va !ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ

ƨƦƳȂǴǳ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ƧƘƳƢǨǷ ƢǻǂǜƬǼƫ ǂȀǜǳơ Ŀ ǆǸǌǳơ ƤƦǈƥ ȏ .ƲȈđ ǵȂȇ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈǳơ ǂǴƦŤ .ǹȊǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ Ȃǿȁ ǞǼǐŭơ ƺƥƢǘǷ ǁȁƾǫ ǺǷ ǞƟơǁ ǁąƾǫ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƾƳȂȇ ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ .ǾǴǸǟ ƨƴȈƬǻ Ȃǿ "ƤȈƫǂƬǳơ" ơǀǿȁ ǂǐƬǼŭơ ǂȀǜŠ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǂǜǼȇ ƨƥǁȂǋ ǺǷ ƣǂǬƬȇ Ȃǿȁ .ƢǼƥ ǍƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴǳ Ȇũǂǳơ ƩƢǬǨǐǳơ ǲƳǁ Ȃǿ ǂǴƦŤ ƢǼǳ ƶǸǈȇ ƢƆƠȈǇ ȂǧƢǯ ǆȈǳ ȅǀǳơ ƢǼƥ ǍƢŬơ ȂǧƢǰǳơ .ƽǁȂǳơ ńƛ ǲƸǼǳơ ƣǂČ Ǭƫ śǼǗơȂŭơ ƤǴǯ ǲưǷ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƣǁƢǈǷ Ŀ Ʊǂź ǂǴƦŤ ǪŞȁ ƢǼƬƦǣǁ ƤǈƷ ǥǂǐƬǻ ǹƗ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ Ƥǿǀǳơ ǺǷ ȄǴǣƗ ƨǷȂǴǠǷ ǾǸǧ Ŀȁ ƽȂǠȇȁ ƾȈǐǳơ ǹȋ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬǳ śǠƥǁƗ ơȂǬƥƗ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ǺȇǂƬǷ ȂǴȈǯ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ ǱȂƬǼŭơ ƱƢƬǻƛ ǦȈǏǂǳơ ȄǴǟ ǅǁƢƷ Ȑƥ ƪȈǬƥ ƪǨǴǳơ ǺǷ ƨƥǂǟ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƔȆǌǳơ ǒǠƥ ǒǷƢƷ ǾǸǠǗ .ǞǼǐŭơ ƺƥƢǘǷ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ œǻƢŪơ ǂȇƾǷȁ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǞǷ ƢƆǐƼǋ ǂǌǟ ƨǈŨ ǺŴȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬǳ ǹȂǈŨ ƾƳȂȇ ǵȂȈǳơ ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ƨƦƳȂǳơ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ǂȀǜǳơ Ŀ ơƆǂƬǳ ǀƻƘǻ .ǎƼǋ ǲǰǳ ƩơǂƬǳ ƨƯȐƯ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǲǰǌƥȁ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǂȀǜǳơ ƾǠƥ ǂƻȉơ ƾǠƥ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƢŷǀƻƘǻ ǹơǂƻȉơ ǹơǂƬǴǳơȁ .ǪƟƢǫƽ ǆǸŬ ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƬǻ ȆƟƢǼưƬǇơ ǺǷ ǹơǂƬǳ ƢǻǂǜƬǼȇ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǲȀǇƗ ȁƾƦȇ ǲǸǠǳơ ǂưǯƗ ƾȇǂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ơƿƢǷ Wer 14 :ǱȂǬȇȁ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǲǯ ļƘȇ ȂƥƢǰǳơ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƨǼƻƢǈǳơȁ ƨǰȈǸǈǳơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ

ơƆƾƥƗ ȅǄƦƻ řǷ ơȂǫǂǈȇ Ń ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ƨǤǴǳƢƥ 12 !ƪǻƗ ǩȁƾǼƥ ȅƗ :œǠǋ ƵȐǘǏơ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 13 ƾǠƥ ǲǯƘȇ Ń ǺăǷ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 14 81

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƨǟǂǈƥ śǨǫơȁ ǲǯƘǻ ǺŴ .ƢǼǷ ƗǄȀȇ ȏ Ȃǿ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ hat noch zu fressen Ȃǿ ƢǼǴǯȋ ƤǇƢǼŭơ ǶǇȏơ ƆƢǬƷ .ǞǸǈǻ ȏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǩǂƬŢ ƧǂƴǼūơȁ ǹƢƬǨǌǳơ ƤǔǤƥ ǅƢǼǴǳ ǲǯȋơ ǖŶ essen ǆȈǳ Ȃǿ ƢƆǬƷ ňơȂȈūơ ǞǌŪơ ǲǯȋơ – fressen ƤǇƢǼŭơ ŚƦǠƬǳơ ƢƆǬƷ Ȃǿ fressen .ƧȐǐǳơ ǆǬǗ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ƨǳȁƢǗ ǱȂƷ śǠǸƬĐơ .ǾǴǸǠƬǈǻ ȅǀǳơ ƩƢǸǴǈŭơ ȏȂǳȁ .ǞƟƢƳ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǴǣȂǻ ǂƬǈŭơ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇȁ .ƢǼƫƢƥƢȈǣ ǲǿƢƴƬȇ ǾǴǣȂǻ ǂƬǈŭơ .ƢǼȇƾȇƗ ǺǷ ƨǼƻƢǈǳơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬǳ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǒǧǂȇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƢŠǁ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ǂǴƦŤ .ǁƾǬǳơ ǲǨǇƗ ǺǷ ƩơǂƬǳ ƨǈŨ Ǿǳ ȄǘąǠȇĄ ǞȈǸŪơ ƨǬǧơȂŠ .ǂǴƦŤ ǁȁƽ ƔȆŸ .ǾǟȂǻ ǺǷ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǲǯƘȇ ƢƆǔȇƗ ȂȀǧ ǲăȈūơ ǲƳǁ ǾǻƗ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƶǓơȁ ǲǰǌƥ Őǰȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƨũƾǳơ ƨƦƳȂǳơ ǲƦǫ ǾƬƦǣǁ ƤǈƷ ǽƔƢǠǷƗ ǡǂƒǨȇĄ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ .Ȑ Ɔ ǏƗ ƧŚƦǯ Ȇǿ Ŗǳơ ǲǯȋơ ȄǴǟ Ǿƫǁƾǫ ǾȈǳƛ ǹȁǂǜǼȇ ǲǰǳơ .ǾǴǣȂǻ ǂƬǈŭơ ŕƷ .Ǯǳƿ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ǲǰǳơȁ ǽǀǿ ǾƦǿơȂŠ ǁȂƼǧ Ǿǻƛ ơƆƾǠƬǈǷ ƢƷǂǧ Ʊǂźȁ .ǑƢƷǂŭơ Ŀ ǾǈǨǻ ȄǴǟ ƣƢƦǳơ ǪǴǤȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƣƢƴǟƜƥ Nu, Templer, hast du ƨȈƸƬǳƢƥ ǾǻȂǴƦǬƬǈȇ ǲǰǳơȁ ǾǴǸǟ ƧǂǸưƥ ǝƢƬǸƬǇȐǳ

ǞǸąǈȇĄ ǆǸǌǳơ ƣȁǂǣ ǞǷ Platz genug für die Suppe gemacht?15 .ǺȇŚưǯ ƢǼǈǳ ƩƢǟƢǇ ƧƾǠǳ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ śǻƢǠƦǋ ƢǼǴǯ ƮȈƷ ǲǸǠǳơ ƔƢȀƬǻƢƥ ŚǨǐǳơ

ǂǰǨǻ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ ǺŴȁ ƣǂǔǴǳ ƤƦǇ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ȂƥƢǰǴǳ .ơƆƾȈƳ ƢƆǇƢǈƷƛ ǆŴ ǺŴ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ǹȂǰǻ ƩƢǟƢǈǳơ ǒǠƥ .ǾȈǴǟ ǁƾǬǻ ȏ ƧƽƢǟ ȅǀǳơ ǂǷȋơ ƨƳȁǄǳơȁ ǵȋƢƥ .ǁơǂƷȋơ ǅƢǼǳơ ƨǬȇǂǗ ȄǴǟ ƔƢǈǠƫ ǹȂǰǻ

ƨƥǁȂǌǴǳ ƢƆǻƢǰǷ ƨȇƢǨǰǳơ ǾȈǧ ƢŠ ƪǣǂǧƗ ǲǿ ǂǴƦŤ ƢĈȈǿ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 15 82

ƔȆǈǳơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ Ȃǿ Ƣŭ ƨǷȐǟ ǾȈǧ ȃǂǻ ǹƗȁ ǄǷǂǯ ƭăƾƷă ǲǯ ǂǈǨǻ ǹƗ ȆǓăǂǷă ǾƳȂƫ ƢǻƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ .ƧǁƢƴūơ ŚȈǤƫ ǱƢǨƬƷơ -Wäschetauschen ǂǜƬǼǻ ǺŴȁ ƢƆǷȂȇ śǠƦǇ ǀǼǷ .Ʃƕ ơȂǈȈǳ ǹƢŭȋơ .ƢǼȈǳƛ ƨƦȇǂǫ ƨȀƦŪơ ǹȋ ƧǁƢƴūơ Ŀ ƢƆǐǬǻ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƛ ƪǳƢǫ ƨȇȂǬǳơ ƨǟƢǋȍơ ơǀǿ ǞǷ .Ƥȇǂǫ ǂȇǂƸƬǳƢǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƧƾȇƾƳ ƩƢȈǳƢǇǁƛ ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ńƛ ơȂƦǴŸ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ǹȂƐǨǐĄȇ ǥȂǇ ƤȇǂǬǳơ Ŀ Ǿǻƛ ƧƾǯƚǷ ƨǷȐǟ Ȃǿ ŚƻƘƬǳơ .Ǿǈǰǟ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǞǸĄǇ ŚǈǨƬǳơ ȅǂŸ ǹƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ƨǁơƽƛ ƪǸƬǿơ ƾǬǧ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯȁ ƪǴǏȁ ǆƥȐŭơ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ .ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ǲǯ Ŀ ǾǈǨǻ ƪǫȂǳơ Ŀȁ ƔȆƳƢǨǷ ǲǰǌƥ ǱơƾƦƬǇȏơ ƽȂƳȂǳơ ǁƽƢǻ ȂȀǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ƲȈǈǼǳƢƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƢƆǐǬǻ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǩăǂŬơ ǺǷ ƨǧƢǨǳ ȄǴǟ ǱȂǐūơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǖǬǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀȁ .ǱƢǣȁ ƾǼǟ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ǥǂǗ ǩǄŶ ƢǼǻƗ ŕƷ śǴƳǂǳơ Ƣđ ǖƥǂǼǳ ƲȈǈǻ ƨǧƢǨǳȁƗǦǻȋơ ǦȈǜǼƬǳ ƾƷƗ ǺǷ ŚǤǏ ǞƥǂŠ ȆǨƬǰǻ ƢǼǻƜǧ ȏƐ ƛȁ śƬǴȇȂǗ ƢƬǻƢǯ ơƿƛ śƬǸƌǰǳơ ǺǷ ǩĈǄŶ .ǽŚȈǤƫ Ǯǳǀǯȁ Ƨǂƥƛȁ ǖȈƻ ȄǴǟ ǱȂǐūơ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟ .ǆƥȐŭơ ǥơǂǗƗ ƨƼǈƬŭơ ƨȈǴƻơƾǳơ ǆƥȐŭơ .ǶȈǴǈƬǳơ ƾǼǟ ǹƢȈǠǴǳ ŚȈǤƬǳơ ȁƾƦȇ ȏ ŕƷ ƨƦǿȂǷ ơƿ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǹȂƸǴǐȇ ƮȈƷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǘȈƼŭơ ńƛ ƨǘǴƬű ƢǿƾȈǠǻ ƨǫǄǸŭơȁ ȏ ŕƷ ǾǻƗ ƶǓơȁ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ƨȈǻƢƯ ǆƥȐŭơ ǹȂǟǃȂȇȁ (ǲǈǤǳơ ǶƬȇ Ǻǳ) ǂǷǀƬǳơ ƗƾƦȇ .ƨǴǷƢǯ ƧƘƳƢǨǷ Ŀ ǲȇƾƦƬǳơ ƔơǂƳƛ ǶȈƼŭơ ƩƢǘǴǇ ǱȁƢŢ ǆƥȐŭơ ǩǄǸƬƫ śǠǳơ ƽƢƷȁ Ȇǯƿ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǂǜǻ ǲǤǴǤƬȇ ǹƗ ǞǼǷ ǺǰŲ Śǣ ǱƢūơ ƨǠȈƦǘƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ǲǯ ǥǂǟ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƧŚǐǫ ƧǂƬǧ ǱȐƻ .ǶȈǬǠƬǳơ ƨǧǂǣ ǺǷ Ʊǂƻ ȅǀǳơ ǃƢȀŪơ ƔƢǘǤǳ ǥȂǇ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿȁ ǲǸǠĄȇ ǹƗ Ǯǋȁ ȄǴǟ Wäschetauschen Ǳơ ǹƗ ǶȈƼŭơ .ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ ǲƦǫ ƪǴǏȁ Ŗǳơ śȇǁƢǤǼŮơ ƨȈǳƢǇǁƛ ǺǷ .ƧƾȇƾƳ ƢƆǻƢǐǸǫ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ

83

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǆȈǳ ƆƢȈǧƢǓƛ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƗ ǺăǷ ǲǯȁ .ǲǠǨǳơ ƽȁƽǁ ǺǷ ƨǴǈǴǇ ȏƆ ƢƷ ƩǁƢƯƗ ƨǷȂǴǠŭơ ǚǧƢŹ ŕƷ ǄƦƻ ǲƥƢǬǷ ǽơǂƬǋơ ȁƗ ƨǴȈūƢƥ ǽǀƻƗ ȁƗ ǩ ć ȁǂǈǷ ƢĈǷƛ ƩƢǨǏơȂŭơ ƤǈƷ ȅƽƚƫ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ǵƢǠǘǳƢƥ ǾǳƾƦƬǈȇ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬȇ Ȇǰǳ ǒǯǂȇ Ȃǿȁ ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ ǾǈǨǻ ȄǴǟ .ƨǸȈǫ Ǿǳ ȄǬƦƫ ȏ ŕƷ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ƨǸȈǫ ǒȈǨţ ńƛ ƨǟƢǋȍơ ȁƗ ǁƢƦƻȋơ ǝȂǼŲ ǲƥ) ƆƢǫȐǗƛ ƨǟȂǼŲ ƩȐȇƾƦƬǳơ ǹƗ ǞǷ .ơƆƾƳ ǖȈǌǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƨǏǁȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǕƢǌǼǳơ ƨƥǁƢǬƬŭơ ƩƢǌȈƬǨƬǳƢƥ ǹƢǷȂǬȇ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ȁƗ ǅȂǧƢǰǳơ ǹƗ ǞǷȁ (ǮǴƒ ǷĄ ȅƗ ǭȐƬǷơ ƾǠƥ ȏƆ ƢƷ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǞǷ ǝȐǘƬǇȏơ œŰȁ ǺƟƢƥǄǳơ ǹƜǧ ǁƢƴƬǳơ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ ǹƢƥǂȀȇȁ ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ ǆȈǳȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǩǂǋ ŅƢſ ƨȇȁơǄǳơ Ŀ ƨǘȈǌǻ ǩȂǇ ƶƬǨǼƫ ǲǸǠǳơ ƔƢȀƬǻơ ȆǨǧ ƔƢƬǌǳơ Ŀ ƢǷƗ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǦȈǐǳơ Ŀ ǅƛ.ǅȍơ ǦƟơǂǏ ǺǷ ơƆƾǠƥ ǂưǯȋơ ƨȇȁơǄǳơ .ƩƢǷƢǸūơ ǥǂǣ ȃƾƷƛ ǹȂǈƟƢȇ ƨǐǫơǂƬǷ ǶĔȂȈǟȁ ƧǂǷƢǓ ǶȀǿƢǨǋ ǅƢǼǳơ Ʃơǂǌǟ ȄǌǸƬȇ ƨǏǁȂƦǳơ Ŀ ƨǟƢǔƦǳơ ǑǂąǠƫĄ ƮȈƷ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ǶǿƽȂǬȇȁ ǶđǀǠȇ ǶȀǟȂƳ ǹƛ .ǝȂŪơ Ƨƾǋ ǺǷ ǺǷ ƢǿȁǂǧȂȇ ǹƗ ơȂƸų ƧŚǤǏ ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ǶȀȇƾȇƗ Ŀ ƢǷ ǲǯ ƆơƾƳ ƨȇǂǤŭơ ǲȇƾƦƫ ǺǷ ơȂǼǰǸƬȇ ǹƗ ƤƟƢƻ ǲǷƘƥ ƢǼǿ ńƛ ơȁƔƢƳ ƾǬǳ .ǦǏȂȇ ȏ ƾȀŝ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ƨǳȁơƾƬŭơ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ȁƗ ƩƢȈƳƢūơ ƨǸȈǫ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ œǣȁ ƱƿƢǇ ǎƼǋ ǞǷ ƧƾȈƳ ƔƢȈǋƗ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬǳ ǄƦŬơ ƨƦƳȁ ǦǐǼƥ ǹȂǰǴŻȁ ƾƟơǃ Őǐƥ ǹȂǧǂǐƬȇ ǒǠƦǳơ .ǵȂȈǳơ Ǯǳƿ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǹȂǳƾƦƬǈȇ ƨȈǻƢƯȁ ǲǨǇȋơ ǺǷ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ƢȇƢǬƥ ǒǠƥ ƨȈǨƻ ǹȂƳǂźȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǞǬȇ ŕƷ ȁƗ ǶđƢǐǟƗ ǁƢȀǼƫ ǹƗ ńƛ ǮȈǳơȁƽ ơǀǰǿȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳƢƥ ǄƦŬơ Ľ ǄƦŬƢƥ ǭƢǼǿ .ǺȇŚưǰǳơ ǵƢǷƗ ǶȀǿȂƳȁ śȀȇȁ ǶȀȈǴǟ ƹǂǐȇȁ ǶȀƬǴǸǟ Ŀ ǶȀǘƦǔȇȁ ƺǨǳơ Ŀ ƭƾƸȈǇ ơƿƢǷ ơƆƾȈƳ ǶŮ ǥȁǂǠǷ .ƾȈƷȂǳơ ǾǐȈǸǫ ǞȈƦȈǳ ƨǏǁȂƦǳơ ńƛ ƔȆŸ ǺǷ ƆƢǔȇƗ :ǱƘǈȇ .ƪȈǯƢŪơ ƪŢ ǺǷ ƨȈǘǤƫ ȅƗ ǶȀǸǈƳ ȄǴǟ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ǾǻƗ ȂǧƢǰǳơ ǭǁąƾȇĄ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹƘƥ ǹȂƦȈŸ Ƕǿȁ .ƨǴǰǌŭơ Ŀ ƮƸƦǴǳ ƵƢƬƬǧơ ĺƢǘƻ ǱơƚǇ ơǀǿȁ Ƕđ ơȂǴǠǧ ơƿƢǷ .ǩĈƾǐȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ řȈƫȁǁ Ȃǿ ƣơȂŪơ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ƩƢǷƢǸūơ Ŀ ǶȀǼǷ ǩǂĄǇ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ǞȈƥ ƨƟƢǷ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƧĈǂǷ śǠǈƫȁ Ǟǈƫ ǱȐƻ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠƫ ǶȈƼŭơ ƧǁƢƴƷ ŕƷ ǾǻƗ ƨǬȈǬūơȁ ǾǐȈǸǫ Ǻǟ ǱȁƚǈǷ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǹƗ Ȃǿ ǹȂǻƢǬǳơ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ǝȂŪơ ƤƦǈƥ ǎȈǸǬǳơ 84

ƔȆǈǳơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ

.ǂƻƕ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƘȇ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥȁ . ƢƆƥǂǓ ǾǠǇȂȇ ȂǧƢǰǳơ ǹƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǮƒǴǷĄ Ǿǻȋ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ .ǹȂȈǼȀŭơ ǁƢƴƬǳơ ǦǬȇ ƨǏǁȂƦǳơ Ŀ .Ƣēơƿ ƨǐǬǳơ ǁǂǰƬƫ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ȁƗ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ Ŗǳơ ƨǰȈǸǈǳơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǹȂƸǏ ǶȀǷƢǷƗ .ǹȂȈǻƢǻȂȈǳơ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ǃŐȇ .ƨǸƟơƾǳơ ǾƬȇȁơǃ Ŀ .ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ơȂǬƥ ǲƟȐǫ ǹȂȈǻƢǻȂȇ .ǹȂƬǷƢǏ ǶȀǰǇƢŤ ƧȂǬƥȁ ǲăȈūƢƥ ƢȀȈǴǟ ơȂǴǐƷ ǲǰǳơ .ƢǼǿ Ƣđ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ Ŗǳơ ƨȈŲȋơ ƨƴȀǴǳơ ǲǰǌƬǳȁ ǶȈƼŭơ ǞƥƢǘǳ ơƆŚưǯ ơȂǸȀǇƗ ƾǫȁ la comedera es ǹƗȁ ǁąƾǬǳơ ȁƗ ǺƸǐǳơ Ȇǿ caravana ǹƗ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ Ȇǿ ƢȀǟơȂǻƘƥ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơ ńƛ Śǌƫ Ŗǳơ ƨǸǴǰǳơȁ .ƧƾȈŪơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƢǿƢǼǠǷ buena Ǻȇǀǳơ ǲƟȐǬǳơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ Ɣȏƚǿ .ňƢǻȂȇ ǞƦǘǳƢƥ ƨǸǴǰǳơ ǲǏƗȁ , Klepsi-Klepsi ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ǹȁǁƽƢǬǳơ ƨȈǻƢǻȂȇȁ ȂȈǻǁȏ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ȆǰȈǻȂǳƢǇ ƨǨƟƢǗ ǺǷ ơȂǬƥ ǂƸƦǳơ ƩƢǧƢǬƯ ǺǷ ƾȈǳƢǬƫ ƢȀȈǧ ƱǃƢǸƬƫ ƨȈǴǸǟ ƨǼǘǧ ȁȁƿ ƧŚƦǯ ƨȈƫƢȈƷ ƨǸǰƷ ȁȁƿ Ƕǿ Ŀ ȆǸǴǟȁ ǅȁǁƾǷ ȆƴȀǼǷ ǕƢǌǻ ńƛ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƩǂƴƷƾƫ ƨǼǘǨǳơ ǽǀǿ .ǖǇȂƬŭơ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ƨǏǁȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǁƢǰƬƷȏơ Ɣơǂǋȁ ƧƾȈŪơ ǦƟƢǛȂǳơ ȄǴǟ ǝơǂǐǳơȁ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơ ǱƢů ǱƢǸǠƬǇơ ǲǯ ơȂǿǂǯ ǶĔƗ ƨǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ ȆǘǤƫ ǹƗ ȏ ƤŸ ƨǬȈǬūơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǲăȈūơ .ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƨǷơǂǯ ȄǴǟ ǶēȂǫ ǲǰƥ ơȂǜǧƢƷ ƾǬǳ :Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ .Ǿƫơƿ ƾŞ ƢƆǧƾǿ ǦǼǠǴǳ ǂưǯȋơ ǲƥ ƢƆǰǇƢŤ ǂưǯȋơ ƨȈǷȂǬǳơ ƨǟȂǸĐơ ńƛ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ śȈǻƢǻȂȈǳơ ƪǳĈȂƷ ǪƟƢǬūơ ǽǀǿ .ƨȈǻƢǈǻƛ ǶȀǨǗƢǠǷ ƺƥƢǘŭơ Ŀ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ƨǫǂǈƥ śǐǐƼƬŭơ ƾš ǹƗ ǮǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƨǏǁȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǂƬǳ ǲƥƢǬǷ ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ .ƪƥƢƯ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǂǠǇ ƨƥǁȂǌǴǳ .ǒǷƢǣ ǲǰǌƥ ƨƻȂǨǼǷ ƾȀƴǴǳ ƢƆǬƦǗȁ ǶƟơƽ ǲǰǌƥ ŚǤƬƫ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơȁ ǁǄŪơȁ ƪǨǴǳơ ǹƢťƗ Ǯǳƿ ǲƥƢǬǷ ƾƷơȁ .ǹǃƢƼŭơ ǅơǂƷ ƧȂǋǂǳ ǾǠǧƽ ƤŸ ȅǀǳơ ǺǸưǳơȁ ƨǷǃǁ ǲǯ Ǻƴǈǳơ ƩȂǻƢƷ Ŀ ƢƆȈũǁ ǝƢƦƫ ǢƦƬǳơ ǺǷ ƩƢƬǧ Ȇǿȁ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" ǹȂǠȈƦȇ ǹƢǯ ƨǏƢƻ ƩȏȂǏȁ ǲƥƢǬǷ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" Ɣơǂǋ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ .ǵơǂǣ 50 ǺǷ ǹȂǰƬƫ ƢƆǸǜǼǷ ǆȈǳ ƩȏȂǏȂǳơ ǞȇǃȂƫ .ǺȇǃƢƬǸŭơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ ȄǴǟ Ƨǁơƽȍơ ƢȀǟǃȂƫ ǹƗ ƢƆǓȁǂǨǷ ProminentenǱơȁ ǹȂǳȁƚǈŭơ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƨǛƢǜǨƥȁ ƾȇƾǋ ǲƼƦƥ ǽǀȈǨǼƫ ȅǂŸȁ ǹȂǷƾƼƬǈȇ ƢȀȈǴǟ ǹȂǴǐŹ ȏ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǶȀȇƾȇȋ ƧǂǋƢƦǷ ƢĔȁǀƻƘȇ-ǂǰǈǠŭơ ȂǨǛȂǷ 85

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ńƛ ƾȇ ǺǷ ǲǬƬǼƫ ƩȏȂǏȂǳơ ǹƜǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ .ǶȀȇƾȇȋ ƢǿȁǀƻƘȇ Ȇǰǳ ǶēƢȈƷȐǏ śǻơȂǬǳơ ƤǈƷ ŚǤƬƫ ƢȀƬǸȈǫȁ .ǱƢǸǴǳ Ȑ Ɔ ȇƾƥ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǩȂǇ Ŀ ȃǂƻƗ .ȆǇƢȈǈǳơ ƽƢǐƬǫȐǳ ƨȈǰȈǇȐǰǳơ ǲǏȂǳơ ǁƢǏ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǄƦŬơ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƩȏȂǏȂǳơ ǲƥƢǬǷ ƢȀȈǧ ơȂǠǧƽ ǵƢȇƗ ƪǻƢǯ ƨƦƳȁ ńƛ ǲǏȂǳơ ǂǠǇ ǞǨƫǁơ ǵƢȇȋơ ƾƷƗ Ŀȁ .ƮǴƯȁ ƨƦƳȂƥ ŕƷȁ Ǟƥǁȁ ƨƦƳȂƥ ǒǨŵơ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƩȂǻƢƷ ńƛ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" ǲǐƫ Ń ƢǷ ƪǫȁ ƾǠƥ Ǻǰǳȁ Ǧǐǻȁ ƧŚǐǫ ƧǂƬǨǳ ƪǠǨƫǁơ ƩȏȂǏȂǳơ ƨǸȈǫ .ƨƦƳȁ Ǟƥǁ ńƛ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǠǧƽ ǲǏȂǳơ ǂǠǇ ǺǷ ƨǠǧƽ ƪǴǏȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȅƗ ƔƢǈǼǳơ Ƕǈǫ Ŀ ƩƢȈƬǨǳơ ŚǤƬƫ :ǾǟȂǻ ǺǷ ƾȇǂǧ ƤƦǈƥ ȃǂǇȋơ ǭȂǴƥ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ǹƢǯ ƮȈƷ .ƩƢǬƥƢǈǳơ ǺǳƾƦƬǈȇ ƩƢȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ƩơȁƢǼǈūơ ǲƥƢǬǷ ƪǻƢǯȁ ƾȇƾƸƬǳơ ǶȀǬȇƢǔȇ Ń Ǯǳǀǳ ƽȂȀȈǴǳ ǆȈǳȁ śȈǇƢȈǈǳơȁ śȈƟƢǼŪơ ƢȀƬǸȈǫ ǝƢǨƫǁơ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ŐǯƗ ƨȈǸǯ ơȁǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǹȂȈǼǠŭơ ǶƬǿơ ƾǫȁ śǴǏȁ ȁƗ ǲǏȁ .ǖǬǧ ƆơŚǐǫ ƢƆƬǫȁ ƩǂǸƬǇơ Ŗǳơ ƨƠƳƢǨŭơ ƪǻƢǯ ƧƆ ƽƢǟȁ .ơȂǼƻƾȇ ŕƷ"ƨǫȁǂƄơ" ǹȁƾȇǂȇ ǹȁŚưǯ Ǻǰȇ Ń śȇƽƢǠǳơ ȃǂǇȋơ śƥ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .ƢǻȂƦǴǳ śȈǻƾŭơ śǴǷƢǠǳơ ȅƾȇƗ ńƛ ǲǐƫȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ńƛ ƢȀǬȇǂǗ ƾš ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ ŚǧȂƫ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ǹƢǯ śƴǈǳơ .ǲȇƢƸƬǴǳ ǂưǯƗ ơƆŚưǯ ƨǧȂǳƘŭơ ǩǂǘǳơ ȃƾƷƛ Ȃǿȁ ǢƦƬǳơ ȅǂƬǌȇ ňƾǷ "ȁƉ Ƣǿ" ǞǷ ƨǴǏ ǶȈǬȇ ǁǀŞ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" Ŀ ƢȀǨǛȂȇȁ ǹƢǯ ƩȂǻƢūơ Ŀ ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ƨƦƳȂǳơ ǺǷ ŐǯƗ ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȂƥ ǾǻƗ ȅƗ .ơƆƾǬǻ ǢƦƬǳơ ǲƥƢǬǷ Ǟǧƾȇ ƨǴǏ ǪǴţ ƪǻƢǯ ǂǠǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨǴǏƢǨŭơ .ǾǫȁƾǼǏ ńƛ ǾǴƻƾȇȁ "ƶƥǂǳơ" ǲǯƘȇ śƴǈǳơ ǖ Ɗ Ǡą Ąȇ Ń ƧĈǂǷ Ʃơƿ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ŃƢǠǳơ ƽƢǐƬǫơȁ ǂǰǈǠǸǴǳ ȆǴƻơƾǳơ ƽƢǐƬǫȏơ śƥ ǭȐǇȋơ Ƕǣǁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ȄǴǟ ƭƾūơ ơǀǿ ǂƐƯƗ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ ǥȂǯơǂǯ ƨǼȇƾǷ ǹƢǰǈǳ ǢƦƫ Ŀȁ ƆơƾƳ ǞǨƫǁơ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" ǂǠǇ .ƢȀǴǯ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ śƥȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǲǐǨƫ Ŗǳơ ƨǰƟƢǌǳơ ."ǲǏȂǳơ" ƨǸȈǫ ƪǠǨƫǁơ Ǯǳƿ ƣƢǬǟƗ ǲƥƢǬǷ ȅǂƬǌȇ ǮǴƬƦŮơ .ǂưǯƗ ơƆƾǬǠǷ Ȑ Ɔ ưǷ ǶǯƢǿȁ ƨǘȈǈƦǳơ ƨǴưǷȋơ ǺǷ Ȃǿ ǲưŭơ ơǀǿ ƨǫǄŲȁ Ƨǁǀǫ ƨǧƎǂǬƒ ǷĄ ƨǫąǂƻĉ ƨȇƾǿ ȄǴǟ ǲǐŹ ŕƷ ƢǻƢȈƷƗ ȁƗ ǄƦŬơ ǲƥƢǬǷ ȁƗ "ƨǫȁǂŰ" ơǀǿ ǲƥƢǬǷ .ǺȇƾȈǳơȁ ǅƗǂǳơ ǲƻƾĄȇ ǹƗ ƢŮȐƻ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƣȂǬƯ ƨƯȐƯ ǾȈǧ ƆƢǐȈǸǫ ƧƢǸǈŭơ 86

ƔȆǈǳơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ

ǱơƾƦƬǇơ ƾǼǟ ǲǷƢǯ ǎȈǸǫ ǀƻƗ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ƢƆȈǴǯ ƢƆǨǳƢƫ ȁƗ Ȑ Ɔ ǸǠƬǈǷ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ŕƷ ǅȂƦǴŭơ ƨǳȂǬǠǷ ƨƦƳȁ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ ȄǬǴƬȇ ƨǫąǂŬ ĉ ơ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ǀƻƗ ȅǀǳơ ŚǇȋơ .ƨȈǴƻơƾǳơ ǆƥȐŭơ .ǆƥȐŭơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ Ŀ ǱƢŷȍơ Ƨǂȇǂŝ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ǺǷ ǎȈǸǬǳơȁ ƤǇƢǼŭơ ǎȈǸǬǴǳ ǶȈȈǬƬǳơ Ŀ ǩǂǧ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ Ǯǳǀǳ ƾŸ ǹƗ ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾŸ ȏ ǽǀȀǯ ƨǫąǂƻĉ Ǿȇƾȇ Ŀ ȅǀǳơ ŚǇȋơ .ƨȈǳƢƥȁ ƨǫǄŲ ƨǫąǂƻĉ Ȃǿ ȅǀǳơ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƩƢǤǴǳơ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ Ǿǻȋ ǾƬǸȈǫ ǱȐǤƬǇơ ȄǴǟ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ǆȈǳ ƾďȈƳ ǎȈǸǫ ǾǠǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǷǃ Ŀ Ǿǻȋ ȁƗ ǽǁȂǷƗ Ƥďƫǂȇ ŕƷ ƨƦǿȂǷ Ǿȇƾǳ ƪǈȈǳ Ǿǻȋ ȁƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǱƢƳǁ ƢȀǸǴǰƬȇ Ŗǳơ ǾǐȈǸǫ ǲƥƢǬǷ ƧŚǤǏ ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȂƥ ȆǨƬǰȇ Śƻȋơ ơǀǿ .śȈǻƾǷ ǱƢǸǠƥ ȆǬƬǴȇ ȏ ǾǴǸǟ ǹƗ ǲǷƗ ǽƾǼǟ ƨǷƽƢǬǳơ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ ǹƢǐǸǬǳơ ǱơƾƦƬǇƢƥ Ǿǻȋ ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǁǂǔƬȇ ȏ .ǾǴǯ ŚǇȋơ ƢǸǼȈƥ .ƨǧƾǏ ǒŰ Ȃǿ ƧƾĈȈŪơȁ ƨƠȈǈǳơ ǹƢǐǸǬǳơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ǹȋ ǲǔǧƗ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƘȇ ȅǀǳơ ǺǗơȂǷ ǲǷƢǠǳ ǾǠȈƦȇ ǹƗȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǾƥǂȀȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ơƆƾďȈƳ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƗ ȅǀǳơ ƆƢȈǴǸǟ .ǄƦƻ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǂǌǟ ȁƗ ƨƬǇ ȁƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǀƻƘȇ ƢȀǴƥƢǬǷȁ ǂƻȉ ȁƗ ƨǫǂŬơ ǀƻƗ ǾǼǷ ƱȁǂŬơ Ŀ ƧǁȂǘƻ ǭƢǼǿ .ƢƆǔȇƗ ƆơŚƦǯ ơƆǂǘƻ ǂǷȋơ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ ǂưǯƗ ƶƥǂǳơ ơǀǰǿ ǺǰŻ .ǎȈǸǫ ǹȁƾƥ ǾȈǳƛ ƧƽȂǠǳơ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ƨƈ Śǘƻȁ śǐȈǸǫ ǞǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ ǹƗ ƶǸǈȇ ǹƗ ƽƽǂƬȇ ȏ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨǨǴƬűȁ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ǂǜǻ ƩƢȀƳȁ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ơǀŮ ǽǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǢƦƫ ȁƗ ǄƦƻ ǲƥƢǬǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƢȀǠȈƦȇ ŕƷ Ƥǿǀǳơ ǹƢǼǇƗ ǾǸǧ ǺǷ ơȁǀƻƘȇ ŚǇƗ ȅƗ "ǱƉ Ƣǟ Ƕǫǁ" ƤƷƢǏ ǹȐǧ .ǖȈǇȁ ƨǘǇơȂƥ Ʃơǂŭơ ƤǴǣƗ Ŀ ȅǂš ƨǳƽƢƦŭơ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƤȈǿǂǳơ ǂƫȂƬǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ ƤƦǈƥ ƨȇƢǨǰǳơ ǾȈǧ ƢŠ ŇƢǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ơƆǂƻƚǷ ǲǏȁ ȁƗ ǾǸǧ Ŀ "ơƆǂǈƳ" ƾȇƾŪơ ŚǇȌǳ ǹƗ ǚƷȐȇ Śƻȋơ ."ǒǨƼǼǷ Ƕǫǁ" ńƛ ǹȐǨƥ ȆǬƬǴȇ ǥǂǠȇ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛȁ .ƢǻȂƦǳơ ńƛ Ƥǿǀǳơ ǀƻƘȇȁ ǶǴǈȇ "ǒǨƼǼŭơ"ơǀǰǿȁ .Ƥǿǀǳơ ǺǷ ƧĈƾǋ ƶƥǂȇ ǹƗ Ȑ Ɔ Ǡǧ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ Ȇǌȇ ȏȁ ǝƾź ȏ ǹƗ Ǿƥ ƨǬưǳơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƢƆȈǻƾǷ Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǟ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ȁƗ ǹƢƬƦƳȁ ƢǷ ƪǫȁ Ŀ ȄǘąǠƫĄ Ŗǳơ ǄƦŬơ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ȁƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ȄǴǟ ƩƢǬǨǏ ƾǬǟ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǾȇȂǼƬǳơ ƤŸ .ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƭȐƯ ȄǴǟ ƢȀƬǸȈǫ Ŗǳơ ƨǟƢǔƦǳƢƥ ǖǬǧ ƧǁƢƴƬǳơ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǲƻơƽ ƢǸǼȈƥ ŐǯƗ ǩƢǘǻ

87

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

śǘȈƄơ ǞǸǗ ǹƗ ƢǸǯ ƣƢǈūơ ȄǴǟ ǺǰŻ ȏ ƢǼǿ ƮȈƷ .ǄƦƻ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǞƥǁƗ ǂưǯȋơ .ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ ŐǯƗ ƨȈǸǯ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŢ ǹƗ ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ǮǻȂǘǠȇ ȏ ǮǬȇƢǔȇ ȅǀǳơ ǝȂŪơȁ Ǯƥ ƽƢǐƬǫȏ ǅƢǇȋơ ƢǼȇƗǁ ƢǸǯ Ȇǿȁ ƆơƾƳ ƧǁȂǘƬǷ śȈǻƾŭơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ ǞǷ ƧǁƢƴƬǳơ ƧǁƢƦǠǳơ ƶȇǂǐƥ ƧǁȂǯǀǷ Ȇǿȁ .ǶȈƼŭơ ƨǸǜǻƗ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƳȁǂƻ ƧŐƬǠǷ ƢĔƗ ǞǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ śȈǻƾŭơ ǞǷ ǑȁƢǨƬǳơ ȄǴǟ ƣƢǬǠǳơ ."ƨȈǇƢȈǈǳơ" ƩƢǫȁǂŬơ ǲưǷ ƧŚǘƻ ŐƬǠƫȁ ńƛ ǲăǇǂą ȇĄ ƨǸȀƬǳơ ǽǀđ ǶȀƬŭơ ŚǇȋơ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ Śǘƻ Handel mit Zivilisten ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƿƛ ǶƸǨǳơ ǶƳƢǼǷ ńƛ ǭǁƢƥ ƾȇƢǿ ńƛ ȁƗ ƢȈǻƢȇ ńƛ (1) ǆƬȈǨȈǴǤȈǳ ńƛ ǲǇąǂȇĄ ǺăǷȁ .ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ǾǳƢǇǁƛ ǞǼŻ ǺăǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƧȂǘǈǳơ ƣƢƸǏƗ śƥ ƾŸ ǲǷƢǠǳơ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ .ȃȂǬǳơ ǹơƾǬǧ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƨǴȈǴǫ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ ǱȐƻ ƩȂŻ ƧƽƢǟ ǶƸǨǳơ ǶƳƢǼǷ ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǂǰǈǠǷ ńƛ ǲǇǂȇȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƩƢǘǴǈǳơ ńƛ ǲǇąǂȇĄ ƨƸąǼŪ ƌ ơ Ŀ Ǯȇǂǌǳơ ǺǗơȂŭơ śƥ ȆǸǴǟ ƾƷ ȄǴǟ ǭƢǼǿ ǊȈǠȇ Ȃǿȁ ƢǼǧȁǂǛ ǲưǷ ǥȁǂǛ Ŀ ǊȈǠȇ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǭƢǼǿȁ ǶȀǼǷ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ǹȂǴǐȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹȂȈǻƾŭơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ .ǺȇǂȀǋ ńƛ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǂǌǟ ƨǈŨ ƨȈǐƼǌǳơ ǶēƢȈƳƢƷ ǹȂǠǔȇ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢǼǠǷ ǹȂǴǠǨȇ ƢǸǯ ǶŮȂǏȁ ǁȂǧ ǶȀǈƥȐǷ ǲǯ ǶǿǂǠǋ ǹȂǬǴŹ ȏȁ ǶȀǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǸǫǁ ǹȂũǂȇ ȏȁǍƢƻ ǹǄű Ŀ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴǳ ȏƆ ƢǸǟƗ ơȂǴǸǠȇ ǹƗ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǱƢǬƬǟȏơ ǵƢȇƗ ǲǯ Ŀ .ǶȀƬȈǐƼǋȁ ǶēǁȂǐƥ ǹȂǬƦȇ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ǶȀȈǴǟ ȅǂǈȇ ȏ ƩƢǟȂǸů ńƛ ǲǐǨǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢǼǴưǷ ǵǁƢǏ ǕƢƦǔǻơ ǞǷ ƢǼǴưǷ ƨǫƢǋ .śȇƽƢǠǳơ ȃǂǇȋơ śƥȁ ǶȀǼȈƥ ƨǴǏ ƨȇƗ ǭƢǼǿ ƪǈȈǳȁ ȃƽơǂǧ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ǑơǂǷȋơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ȃȂǬǳơ ƽƢǨǼǳ ơȂƫȂŻ Ń ơƿƛȁ ǖǬǧ ƣƢǬǟ Ȃǿ ǶŮ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ơȂǻƢǯ Ȃǳ .ňƢǈǻƛ ǞǸƬů ńƛ ǱƢǬƬǟȏơ ǵƢȇƗ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀ ơȁƽȂǠȇ ǹƗ ŚƦǯ ǲǷƗ ǶǿƾǼǟ ǹȂƸƬǨȇȁ ƧƢȈūơ ŃƢǟ śƥȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ ȅǀǳơ ǁȂǈǳơ Ŀ ƧǂǤƯ ǹȂƸƬǨȇ ơȂǻƢǯ ƢǼǠǷ ơȂǸǴǰƬȇ ǹƗ ȏ ƧƢȈƷ ǖŶ Ȃǿ ƢǼǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢǼǨǴȇ ȅǀǳơ ǑȂǸǤǳơ ƆȐȈǴǫ Ȃǳȁ ǹȂƠȈǔȇȁ ƧĈȂǯ .ňƢŭȋơ ǞǸƬĐơ ŘƦǷ Ŀ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǑƎǂǧƌ ƧƢȈƷ ǖŶ ǾƬȇƢĔ ȃǂǻ ȄǴǟ ơȂƦǫȂǟ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǶǷȋơ ǞȈŦ ƔƢǼƥƗ śȈǻƾŭơ ǱƢǸǠǴǳ ǍƢƻ Ƕǈǫ ƢǼǸȈű Ŀ ǶǈǬǳơ śƥ ǲǐǨȇ ƾȇƾūơ ǺǷ ǁơƾƳ .ȃǂǇȋơ ǞǷ ǶŮ ƪǻƢǯ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǫ Śǣ ƩȏƢǐƫơ E-Lager ȄĈǸǈĄȇ ǶǈǬǳơ ơǀǿ .ǶȈƼŭơ ǵƢǈǫƗ ƨȈǬƥ śƥȁ śǻƾŭơ ǱƢǸǠǴǳ ǎǐƼŭơ 88

ƔȆǈǳơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ

ǺǷ Ǳȁȋơ ǥǂūơ Ȇǿȁ "śȈǻƾŭơ" ǹȂǸǈȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ȃǂǇȋơ ńƛ ǄǷǂƫ eȁ (eǂǰǈǠǷ) ."ƨȈƥǂƬǳơ" ȅƗ ErziehungƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǸǴǰǳơ .ǶȈƼŭơ ǺǷ ƧǁƢƬű ƨǟƢǔƦƥ ƧǁƢš ƪǻƢǯ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƢǿƢǼǠǓȁ Ŗǳơ ƧǁƢƴƬǳơ ǲǯ ǶŮ ǞƥƢƫ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƢǷ ǲǯ .ǶȈƼŭơ ǭȐǷƗ ƩƢƦȇǂē ơȂǠǼŻ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǏǂŹ ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǾǴǯ .ƢƆƫơȂǷƗ ǵƗ ơȂǻƢǯ ƔƢȈƷƗ ǶȈƼŭơ ȃǂǇƗ ǲǯ Ƕǧ Ŀ ȅǀǳơ Ƥǿǀǳơ ŕƷȁ ƆƢȈǴǸǟ .ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ ǹȂǜǧƢŹ Ƕǿ ơƿƢŭ ƶǓơȂǳơ ǺǷ Ǯǳǀǳ ǶȀȇƾȇƗ Ŀ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴƕ ȁƗ Ȑ Ɔ ƳƢǟ ǞǬȈǇ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ ƔȆǋ ȅƗ ƣǂȀȇ ȏ ŕƷ ǲǠǨǳƢƥȁ .ǵƢǟ ǲǰǌƥ ƩƢǫǂǈǴǳ ƨȈƟƾƦǷ ƨǓǁƢǠǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ƨǁơƽƛ ƾǼǟ ƪǈȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ Ŀ ȅǂš Ŗǳơ ƩƢƦȇǂȀƬǳơ Ǻǟ ȅǂǿƢǜƫ ǲǰǌƥ ǥǂǘǳơ ǹȂǔǤȇ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǹƜǧ .ǆǯƢǠŭơ ǽƢšȍƢƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ȃƾƷƛ ƩƢƦȇǂē ƧƽƢǟ Ȇǿȁ ƆƧƽƢǟ ơƆƾƳ ƨǘȈǈƥ ǾȈǳƛȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ǺǷ ƩƢƦȇǂȀƬǳơ ńƛ ƢƆƦȇǂē ƾų ƆƢȈǷȂȇ ƢȀǴǸǠƬǈǻ Ŗǳơ ..łƗ ƨȇƽƢŭơ ƩƢƴƬǼŭơȁ ƧǄȀƳȋơ ȁƗ Ʃơȁƽȋơ ǽǀȀǯ ƧǁƢš ƨƥǁȂǋ ȁƗ ơƆǄƦƻ ǲƥƢǬŭƢƥ ǀƻƘǻȁ ƢƆȇǂƬǌǷ ƢŮ ƾųȁ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǱȂǐūơ ǺǰŻ ȏȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƢȀǼǟ Ř Ć ǣ ȏ ƨǼȈǠǷ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƆơƾƳ ƧǂǌƬǼǷ ƔƢƥǂȀǰǳơ ǭȐǇƗ ǡƢƦǏȋơ ǆǻƢǰŭơ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ƢȀǼǷ .ƨǫǂǈǳơ ǪȇǂǗ Ǻǟ ȏƐ ƛ ƢȀȈǴǟ .ǱƢǠǼǳơ ƶǈŭ ƪȇǄǳƢƥ ƧǁƢƴƬǳơ :Ȑ Ɔ ưǷ ǀƻƘǼǳȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƶǈŭ ƪȇǄǳơ ǲǯ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƶǈǷ ƤŸ ǾǻƗ ǁǂǬȇ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǁȂƬǇƽ ǂƻƕ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ Ƣǻǂǯƿ ƢǸǯ ǲǯ ǀǨǼȇ ǹƗ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǵƢǷƗ ǱȁƚǈǷ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ .ƨƸǈǸŭƢƥ ƢȀƸǈǷȁ ƵƢƦǏ Ŀ ǀƻƘƫ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǲǯ ǹƗ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ƲƬǼƬǈǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ .ƨǫƾƥ ƤǴǘǳơ ơǀǿ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǹƢǰǇ .ǂȇƢǤǷ Ȃǿ ƤȈƫǂƬǳơ .Ǯǳǀǯ ǆȈǳ ǂǷȋơ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǱƢǠǼǳơ Ǻǿƽ ǩȂƸǈǷ ƽƾƄơ ƾǟȂŭơ ǹƢǰǈǳ ƣȂǴǘŭơ ǺǷ ŐǯƗ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƨȈǸǯ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ǀƻƘƫ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƶȈǓȂƬǳơ ƤŸ Ȃǿ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǲƦǫ .ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ƱơǄǷ ƤǈƷ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ǝǃȂȇ ǒƟƢǨǳơ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ȆǴǷƢǟ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓƛ ȆǘǠȇ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǾƫȂǜƷ ƔƢǼƥƗȁ ǾƟƢǫƾǏȋ ƩƢƦƳȁ Ƨƾǟ ǝǃȂȇ Prominenten ǩȂǬūơ ƣƢƸǏƗ ǲǰǳȁ ǲǸǬǳơ ȆǴƫƢǬǳ śȈǴȈǴǳơ ǅơǂūơȁ ƨǧƢǜǼǳơ . ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ 89

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ȄǴǟ ǱȂǐƸǴǳ ǾǷƾƼƬǈȇ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ȄǬƦȇ ƮȈŞ Ȇǯƿ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁȁ ȄǬƦƫ ƢǷ ƶǈŭ ƧƽƢŭơȁ ƪȇǄǳơ Ɣơǂǋ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ǢǴƬǨǳơ ƆƢȈƟƢǬǴƫ ƨǷȂȀǨǷ ƨȈǬƦǳơ .ƨǼȈǠǷ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ .ƿƢǨǼǳơ ȄǴǟ ƪǰǋȁƗ ƢǸǴǯ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƣƢƥ ȄǴǟ ƩƢȈƳƢūƢƥ ǹȂƫƘȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ śƥǂȀŭơ ƨǟȂǸů Őǐƥ ǦǬƫ ƔƢǈǷ ǲǯ ǁƢǠǇȋơ ǱȂƷ ǂƯƘƬƥ ǹȂǈǷƢȀƬȇ ƲǴưǳơȁ ǂǘŭơ Ŀ ǹȂǨǬȇ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƩƢǟƢǇ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǾƬƦǠƳ Ŀȁ ƽȂǠȇȁ ƨǏǁȂƦǳơ ńƛ ǶǿƾƷƗ ǄǨǬȇ ǂƻȉ śƷ ǺǷȁ .ƩƢǻȂƥȂǰǳơ Ǻť ǱȂƷ .ƧŚƻȋơ ǁƢƦƻȋơ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ Ƨƾǟ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ƾų ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƆƢǨǻƕ ƧǁȂǯǀŭơ ƩƢȈƳƢūơ ơƾǟ ƢǸȈǧ ȅƽƢǟ ǹȂƥƢǏ ƩƢȇƢǋǂǧ ǝȂſ .ǺǘǼǼǷȁŐǴǳ Ƣđ ƣȂǣǂǷ ǭȂǴƦǳơ Ŀ ƧƾȈǨǷ ǹȂǰƫ ǱȂƸǰǳơȁ ǹȁǂƳƢƬȇ ǁƢš :ŚǷƢǈǷ ǅƢȈǯƗ ǖǫȐǷ ƽǁƢƦǷ ƨǫȐƸǴǳ ǹȂƥƢǏȁ Ȃǿȁ ƩƢƷơƾǬǴǳ ƾȈďŪơ ǺȇǄǼƦǳơ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ƩƢƥȁǂǌǷ ƢȀǼǷ ǞǼǐǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǟƢǼǐǳơ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ňƢǼǨǳ ȅǂǈǳơ ƱƢƬǻȍơ ƤƟƢƴǟ ǺǷ ƧƽƢǔŭơ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơȁ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơ ǺǷ ƨƦǯǂŭơ ƨǴǈǴǈǳơ Ŀ ȅǄǯǂǷ ǹƢǰǷ ǭƢǼǿ ĺ ȆǰǴǳ .ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƩƢǰƦǌǳơ śƥȁ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ƧƽƢǫ śƥ ƔƢȈǸǠǳơ ƨȈǿơǂǰǳơ ǺǷ ơȂǋƢƬǟơ Ǻŭ ǲȀǈǳơ ǺǷȁ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨǨȈǠǓ ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷȋơ ƩƢƦǫơǂǷ ǹȋ Śǘƻ ǹƢǰǷ Ȃǿ ĺ Ȇǰǳơ Ǻȇǀǳơ Ƕǿ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ ƔƢŧǂǳơ ƧȂƻȋơ ǹƗ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ .ƨǸǜǻȋơ ȄǴǟ ǲȇƢƸƬǳơ ƤȇǀǠƬǳơ ƢȇƢƸǓȁ ȄƫȂŭơ ƨȇǀƷƗȁ ǹƢǐǸǬǳơ ƨǐȈƻǁ ǁƢǠǇƘƥ ǩȂǈǳơ ńƛ ǹȂƳǂź ǹȂǓǂǸŭơ ƣċǂǿ Ǯǳǀǯ .ȁƢǼǯŚƥ ńƛ ƧŚƻȋơ ǶȀǬȇǂǗ Ŀ Ƨơǂǟ ǹȂƳǂź Ǻȇǀǳơ .ǵƢǠǘǳơ ǲƥƢǬǷ śȈǻƾŭơ ǱƢǸǠǴǳ ƪǠȈƥ ƾǫȁ ƨȇȁƽȋơ ƩƢȈǳƢǇǁƛ ƢǻȂƦǳơ ńƛ ƔƢƦǗȋơȁ ǪǟȐŭơ ǹȂǘǠȇ ȏ .ǪǟȐŭƢƥ ƧǁƢƴƬǳơ ǺǷ ƨǴƟƢǗ ȏƆ ȂǷƗ ǹȂŞǂȇ ĺ-Ƣǯ Ŀ ǹȂǓǂǸŭơ ǢǴƬǨŮơ ƢȀƴƬǼȇ .ǪǟȐǷ ǹȁƾƥ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǲǯƗ ǺǰǸŭơ Śǣ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ƽƾŪơ ȃǂǇȌǳ ƩơȁƽƗ Ȇǿ ǪǟȐŭơ .ǲǸǠǳơ ƪǫȁ ǂǈǳƢƥ ƨǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ Ǻȇƽơƾūơ ƨȈƷƢǻ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǲǸǠƬǈƫ ǹƗ ƧǁƽƢǫ ǹȂǰƫ ŕƷ ƾȈǳơ ǹȁǀƸǌȇ ƧƽƢǟȁ .ƢƆȇȁƾȇ ǞǼǐƫȁ ƨȈǇƢǫ ƨǘȈǈƥ ƨǬǠǴǷ .ƽƾŪơ ƔƢǼƴǈǴǳ ǪǟȐŭơ ǹȂǠȈƦȇ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ ǹȂƴƬǼŭơ .ǄƦŬơ ǞǘǬǳ śǰǈǯ ĺ– Ȇǰǳơ ńƛ ƨǬǠǴŭơ ǱƢƻƽƛ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǾǻƗ ǹȂǻƢǫ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ƢȀǼť 90

ƔȆǈǳơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ

ǲƦǫ ǶǿǂȇǂŢ ƨǟƢǇ ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǺǷ ƨǬǠǴŭơ ǹȁǁƽƢǐȇ ǹȂǓǂǸŭơ .ƢĔȁƾƥ ǹȂƳǂź Ǻǰǳȁ ǺȇǁǂƄơ ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǪǟȐǷ ńƛ ǦȈǓƗ ơƿƛȁ .ƨǏǁȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǑǂǠĄƫ ƨǬǠǴŭơȁ .ơȂǈƦǴȇ ǹƗ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ śǓǂǸŭơ ǹƗ řǠȇ ơǀȀǧ ǲƬǬǳơ ƢȇƢƸǓ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ǹȂƫȂŻ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǪǟȐǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ ĺ -Ȇǰǳơ ǺǷ ǹȁǁǂƸƬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǲƥƢǬǷȁ .ǞȈƦǴǳ ƨǬǠǴǷ śǈŨ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ơȁǀƻƘȇ ơȁǂƬǌȇ ŕƷ ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ Ǻǟ ơȂǳǃƢǼƬȇ ǹƗ ǺȇǂǘǔǷ ǹȂǻȂǰȇȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ǹȁƽȂǠȇ .ƧƾȇƾƳ ƨǬǠǴǷ ǺǷ .ƨǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ƨǫȁǂǈŭơ ǞƟƢǔƦǴǳ ȆǈȈƟǂǳơ ǹȂƥǄǳơ Ȃǿ ĺ -Ȇǰǳơ :Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơ ǩȁƾǼǐǳ ơƆǂƬǳ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ǹȂǐǬǼĄȇ ĺ -Ȇǰǳơ ńƛ ǲǐƫ Ŗǳơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƨǬȈǫƽ ŚǇơȂǷ ǩǂǈȇ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨǫȁǂǈǷ ǞƟƢǔƦƥ ǹȁǂƳƢƬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǁƢƴƬǳơ ǺǷ ƔơǂǌǴǳ ǹȂǴŭơ Őūơȁ ƨȈǏƢǏǂǳơ ǵȐǫȋơ ƵǂƬǬȇ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ƔƢǠǷȋơ ǲǈǤǳ ĺ Ȇǰǳơ Ŀ ǲǸǠƬǈƫ .ƩơƽƢȈǠǳơ ƩƢƥƢǈƷ Ƨǁơƽȍ ƣȂȈƳ Ŀ ƢĔȁƾŸ Ŗǳơ ƨȇȁƢǸȈǰǳơ ƽơȂŭơȁ ƧŚǤǐǳơ ǹȂƸǐǳơȁ Ƨǁơǂūơ ǅƢȈǫ ǹơǄȈǷ .ȄǓǂŭơ ƨŪƢǠŭ ȄǨǌƬǈŭơ ńƛ ƽƢǠƫ ǢǴƬǨȈŮơ ȂƫŐǳƗ ŚǰǨƫȁ ȅŚǰǨƫ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂƬǟƗ ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƆƢǠǓơȂƬǷ ȁƾƥƗ ȏ ŕƷȁ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ƢǼƷǂƬǫơ .ȆǈȈƟǂǳơ ƤȈƦǘǴǳ ƢȀǠȈƥȁ ǩǁȂǳơ ƩƢǨǳ ƨǫǂǇ :ƨǫơǂǋƛ Ƨǂǰǧ ƪǻƢǯ .Ƨǁơǂūơȁ ǒƦǼǳơ ǎƸǧ ƲƟƢƬǻ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƤƬǰȇ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ Ƣđ ƶǸǈƫ ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƩƢƠȈŮơ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƤǫƢǠƫ Ŗǳơ ƨǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơ ƱƢƬǼƬǇơ ƽƢƷ ǲǰǌƥ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǱƢƳǁ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƤǫƢǠȇ Ŗǳơ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơ .ƢȀǠƴǌƫȁ ǹƢƦǫƢǠȇ ƨǫǂǈǳơ ƨȈƸǓȁ ǩǁƢǈǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢƆǷƢŤ ƨǟȁǂǌǷ ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƩƢƠȈŮơ ǂǜǻ Ŀ ȁƾƦƫ Ŀ ƨȈǳƢƬǳơ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ǂǰǨȇ ǹƗ ƔȅǁƢǬǳơ ǺǷ ƤǴǘǻ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ǁơƾǬŭơ ǆǨǼƥ Ŗǳơ ƧǁȂǐǴǳ ƢƆǬƦǗ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǶǰŹȁ "ǱƽƢǟ Śǣ" "ǱƽƢǟ" "ƔȆǇ" "ƾĈȈƳ" :ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǲǿȁ ǂūơ ƢǼŭƢǟ Ŀ ƨǧȂǳƘŭơ ƩƢȈǫȐƻȋơ ǱȂƷ ƢǿƢǼǷƾǫ Ŗǳơ ƱƿƢǸǼǴǳ ƢƆǬƦǗȁ ƢǿƢǼũǁ .ƨǰƟƢǌǳơ ǭȐǇȌǳ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ ƾƳȂǼƫ ǹƗ ƢĔƢǰǷƜƥ

91

ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ ƧƢȈƷ .ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƢǿƢǼǌǟ Ŗǳơ ƧƢȈƷ ƪǈȈǳ Ŗǳơ ƧƢȈūơ ǱȂƷ ǎǬǻ ǥȂǇȁ ƢǼǐǐǫ ơƆŚǐǫ ƢƆƬǫȁ ǭƢǼǿ Ȅǔǫ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƮȈƷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǒȈǔūơ ǝƢǫ Ŀ ƢȀȈǧ ǭȂǰǌǷ ǹƗ ǂǔǷ ƢŠǁȁ ǽǀȀǯ ƧƿƢǋ ƧƢȈƷ ǂǯǀƫ ơƆƾȈǨǷ ǆȈǳ ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾų ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ .ǂǯǀƬǻ ǹȂǠǼƬǬǷ ǺŴ ƆƢǬƷ ƢǼǳ ȃǂƳ ƢǷ ǲǯ ǎǬǻ ǹƗ ƨȈŷƗ ǮǳƢǼǿ ǹƗ ŚǰǨƬǳơ ńƛ ǲȈŶ ǺŴ ǺǰŻȁ ƢŮ ƨǸȈǫ ǭƢǼǿ ƨƥǂš ǲǯȁ Ƣđ ƨǏƢƻ ƨȈŷƗ ǭƢǼǿ ƨȈǻƢǈǻƛ ƨƥǂš ǲǰǳ ǹƗ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƪǈȈǳ ƢĔƗ ǞǷ ƨȈǇƢǇƗ ǶȈǫ ƽƢŸơ ǺǰŲ Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ .ȆǬǘǼǷ ǲǰǌƥ ƢȀǐƸǧ ǹƢǯ ǶȈƼŭơ ǹƗ ńƛ ǂǜǼǳơ ƪǨǳ ƢǻƽȂƥ ǾǼǟ ǶǴǰƬǻ ȅǀǳơ ơǀǿ ǍƢŬơ ŃƢǠǳơ Ŀ ƨȈƥƢŸƛ .ƽƢǠƥȋơ ƧƽƾǠƬǷ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳơȁ ƨȈƳȂǳȂȈƥ ƨƥǂš ƨƥƢưŠ ƢǷ ŘǠŠ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢȈǷȂǬǳơ ǲǯ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǁƢǸǟȋơ ǲǯ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǆƦŢ ƨǰƟƢǌǳơ ǭȐǇȋơ ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛ ơȂǻƢǯ ơƿƛȁ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩơƽƢǠǳơȁ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢǧƢǬưǳơ ȅȁƿ ƨǨǴƬű ƩƢǤǴƥ śǸǴǰƬŭơ ǶĔȂǘǠȇ ȏȁ ƆƢǷǁƢǏ ƢƆǷƢǜǻ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǹȂǓǂǨȇȁ ƨǸƟơƽ ƧƢȈƷ ǥȁǂǛ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǹȂǓǂǨȇ ǺǰŻ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨǷǁƢǏ ƨȇŐƬű ƢƆǧȁǂǛ ǹȂǬǴź Ǯǳǀƥ ǶĔƜǧ ƨȈǇƢǇȋơ ƧƢȈūơ ƩƢǷȂǬǷ ǱƢǔǻ Ŀ ǊȈǠȇ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǾǸǴǠƬȇ ǥǂǐƫ ȅƗȁ ȆǠȈƦǗ ǥǂǐƫ ȅƗ ƢȀǼǷ ƱƢƬǼƬǇȏơ .ƧƢȈƸǴǳ ǅ Ɖ Ƣǫ ňƢǻƗ ǾƬǠȈƦǘƥ ǅ Ɖ Ƣǫ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǹƘƥ ƆƢȈƟƢǬǴƫ ǵȂȀǨŭơ ǖȈǈƦǳơ ƱƢƬǼƬǇȏơ ƨǳơƾǠƥ ǺǷƚǻ ȏ ǢǴƬǨȈŮơ ǹƗ ƮȈƷȁ ǾǼǷ ƣȂǴǈǷ ƨǧƢǬưǴǳ ȄǴǟȋơ ƔƢǼƦǳơ ǲǯ ƮȈƷ ǾǰǴǈǷ Ŀ ǱȂǈǯȁ ƱƢƬǼƬǇơ ȏƐ ƛ ƱƢƬǼƬǇȏơ ǺǰŲ Śǣ ǾǻƗ ŚǰǨƬǳơ ńƛ ǲȈŶ ǺŴ .ǖƥơȂǓ Ȑƥ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ȏƐ ƛ ǆȈǳ ǲǸƸƬǳơ ƨƦǠǏ ƨȈǇƢǫ ƾǈŪơ ƩƢƥơǀǟ ƮȈƷ ǽǀǿ ƧƢȈūơ ǥȁǂǜƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ƢǸȈǧ ƾƷơȁ .ƧŚưǰǳơ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ƩơƽƢǠǳơȁ ƧŚưǰǳơ ǄǧơȂūơ ȆǨƬţȁ ƪǸǐƫȁ

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ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ

ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇ ǥȁǂǜǳơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ :ƨǬȈǬūơ ǽǀǿ ńƛ ǽƢƦƬǻȏơ ƾȈǨŭơ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǲȈź Ǻǰǳȁ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ ǞǗƢǫ ǲǰǌƥ ǂƻȉơ Ǻǟ ƢŷƾƷƗ ǹƢǨǴƬź ǂǌƦǳơ ǺǷ śǟȂǻ ǭƢǼǿ ƨǼǘǨǳơ ȁȁƿȁ ǹȁƾďȈŪơȁ ǹȂƠȈǈǳơ ȃǂƻȋơ ƩƢǔǫƢǼƬǳơ .ƩȂŭƢƥ ǹȂǷȂǰƄơ ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ƨȈǠȈƦǗ ǲǫƗ ƨƸǓơȁ ȁƾƦƫ ǚūơ ȂƠȈǇȁ ǹȂǛȂǜƄơ ƔƢǼƦŪơȁ ǹƢǠƴǌǳơ ƔƢȈƦǣȋơȁ .ƧŚưǯ ǹơȂǳƗ ƢȀǼȈƥȁ ƨȈǠȈƦǘǳơ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ƩȂŭƢƥ ǹȂǷȂǰƄơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ ǞȇǃȂƬǳơ ơǀǿ ƨǜƷȐǷ ƨƥȂǠǏ ǂưǯƗ ȏ ƧƽƢǟ Ǿǻȋ Ǯǳƿȁ Ǯǳƿ ƨǜƷȐǷ ǹȁƾƥ ǞȈǔȇ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ƨȈǷȂȈǳơ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ .ǾǼǷ śƦȇǂǬǳơ ǂƟƢǐŠ ǖƦƫǂǷ Ȃǿ ǾǗȂǬǇ Ŀȁ ǽƽȂǠǏ Ŀ .ƨǯǂǠŭơ Ŀ ơƆƾȈƷȁ ǹȂǰȇ ƨŻǄđ ƣƢǐȇ ȁƗ ƽȁƾƷ Ȑƥ ƧȂǫ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǮǴŻ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƧǁƽƢǻ ƩȏƢƷ Ŀ ǖǬǧ Ǯǳǀǳ ƨȈǈǨǻ ȃȂǫ ƧƽƢǟ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǲǰǳ ƾƳȂȇ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ǝƢȈǔǳơ ƾƷ ńƛ ȃǂƻƗ ƾǠƥ ǞǻơȂǸǯ ǲǸǠƫ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ŚǤǏ ƨǬǴǘŭơ ƨŻǄŮơ ǂǘƻ ǹƗ ƮȈŞ ǱƢǷ ŕƷȁ ƨȇƾǈƳ ȃȂǫȁ ƨȈǫȐƻȋơ ǶȈǬǳƢƥ ƨƸǧƢǗ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ǁƾǬƥ ǂưǯƗ ƨȇǁƢǔƷ ŐƬǠƫ ƽȐƦǳơ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨǸȈǫ Ʃơƿ ǺǷ ȅȂǬǳơ ǞǼŤȁ ǂưǯƗ ƢƆǨȈǠǓ ƶƦǐȇ ȏ Ȇǰǳ ǦȈǠǔǳơ ȆǸŢ Ŗǳơ ƨǠƳƢǼǳơȁ ƨƸȈƸǐǳơ .ǂưǯƗ ƢƆȇȂǫ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ Ȑƥ ǝơǂǏ Ȃǿ ƔƢǬƦǴǳ ǝơǂǐǳơ ƢǼǿ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǁȂǷȋơ ƨǠȈƦǗ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ƪǈȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǅƘȈǳơ ƽȁƾƷ ȄǐǫƗ ńƛ ǲǏȁ ƾǫȁ ƾȈƷȁ Ȃǿ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƮȈƷ ƨŧǁ .ǹȂǠǳơ ƾȇ Ǿǳ ǵƾǬȇ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ƾŸ ǺǴǧ ǁƢĔơ ǺǈƬǯƗ ǱȂǻ ơƿƛȁ ƨȈǻơȂȈƷ ƨǇơǂǌƥ ǲƫƢǬȇ Ȃǿ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ řǠǷ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƮȈƷ Ɣȁƾđ ǾȈǨǐȇ ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ƾŸ ƢƆǸƟơƾǧ ǆǰǠǳƢƥ ƨƥȂƴǟȋơ ǹƢȀƦǌȇ ŐǏȁ ƔƢǯǀƥ ƿƛȁ .ƾȇƾƳ ǲǸǟ ǵȂȈǳ ǽƔơǀƷ ǲǠƬǼȇ ǂƻƕ16ǹƢŭǃȂǷ Ȃǿ ǽďǂǇ ȄǴǟ Ƨƾȇƾǋ ƨǜǧƢŰ ǚǧƢŹ ǲǸǠǳơ ǺǷ ƣǂȀƬǳơ ƨǴȈū ȏƆ Ƣů ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƾŸ

ǶĔȋ ǹƢŭǃȂǷ ƔƢǨǠǔǳơ ǹȂǸǈȇ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƔƢǷƾǫ ơƿƢŭ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ :Ǧǳƚŭơ ƨǜƷȐǷ

16

.ƨȈǨǐƬǴǳ ǹȂƸǋǂǷȁ ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǟ ǹȁǄƳƢǟ 93

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǹƢǈǻƛȁ .ǾǼǷ ǹȂǧƢź ǂưǯƗ ȅȂǬǳơ ǹƗ ƮȈƷ ǾǬǬƷ ȅǀǳơ ǃƢųȍƢƥ ǞƬǸƬǈȇ Ȃǿ ǖǬǧȁ .ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ȄǬƦȇ ǹƗ ƶǋǂǷ ǹƢǈǻƛ Ȃǿ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǾǼǷ ǹȂǧƢź ǺǷ " :ǹƢȈǠǴǳ ǃǁƢƥ .ƢȀǸǰŹ ƢƆǇǂǋ ƢƆǻȂǻƢǫ ǹƗ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƽǂǨǳơ ƧƢȈƷ Ŀȁ ƺȇǁƢƬǳơ Ŀ ."ǽƾǼǟ ȄǬƦƫ ƢǷ ǾǼǷ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ƢƆƠȈǋ ǮǴŻ ȏ ǺǷȁ ǂưǯƗ ǀƻƘȇ ǽƾǼǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴǳ ȆƟơƾƦǳơ ŉƾǬǳơ ǝơǂǐǳơ Ȃǿ ƔƢǬƦǴǳ ǝơǂǐǳơȁ ǱǄǠǼǷ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǹȂǷƾǬƬŭơ .ǞȈǸŪơ ȄǴǟ ǱȂƦǬǷȁ ƆƢǼǴǟ ǂǘȈǈŭơ Ȃǿ ǱƾǠǳơ ǵƾǟ ǹȂǻƢǫ ƧƢȈūơ ȄǴǟ śǨȈǰƬŭơ ǞǷȁ ƔƢȇȂǫȋơ ǞǷ ƨȇƽǂǧ ƨǴǏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ƨǴǏ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǜǧƢŹ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ .Ɣȏƚǿ ǞǷ ƨǴǐǳơ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȄǴǟ ơȂǴǐŹ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǶĔƗ ǹȁƾǬƬǠȇ ǶĔȋ śǟƽƢƼŭơȁ ǥȁǂǠŭơ ǹƗ ƮȈƷ śǟȂǸǬŭơȁ śǸǘƄơ ńƛ ǹƢŭǄŭơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬǳơ Ŀ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ Ŀ ơȂǴǯƗ ƢĈǸǟ ǵȐǰǳƢƥ ǹȁƗƾƦȇȁ ǶǿŚǐǷ ǺǷ ǂǷǀƬǳƢƥ ȏƆ ƢƷ ǹȁƗƾƦȈǇ ǶĔȋ ǞȈǸƴǴǳ Ŀ śǸȀŭơ ǞǷ ƩƢǫȐǟ ǶŮ ƪǈȈǴǧ ǶȀǠǷ ƨǫơƾǐǳơ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ ƆƢǼȈǬȇ .ƪȈƦǳơ ȏȁ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ȏ ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ǶȀƬƦƳȂǳ ƨǧƢǓƛ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǴǐŹ ȏ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƨǳƢƷ Ƕǿ ǶȈƼŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǞȈǸƴǴǳ ǥȁǂǠǷ Ǯǳǀǯ .ǲăȈū ĉ ơ ǹȂǠǼǐȇ ǦȈǯ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ Ŀ ƨȇȂǿ Ƕǫǁȁ ƣơǂƫ ƨǼǨƷ ȏƐ ƛ ǶȀǼǷ ȄǬƦȇ Ǻǳ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ ǱȐƼǧ ƨȈǳƢǬƬǻơ ŚƦǯ ǁȂȀŦ ǺǷ ơƆƔǄƳ ǶĔȂǯ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂǳơ ȄǴǟ .ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ơƆƾȈǠƥ ǆȈǳ ƧƽƢƥƛ ǶȈű ǲďƴǇ ơȂǨǫȂƬȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ǶȀǷơƾǫƗ ǮȇǂŢ ǹȂǴǏơȂȇ ƨǬƟƢǔǳơ Ŀ ƔƢǯǂǌǳơ ǺǷ ȏȁ ǹȂǨƬźȁ śǳȁǄǠǷ ǹȂƫȂŻȁ Ƕēơȁƿ ǲƻơƽ ǹȁȁǄǼǷ ƔơŐǤǳơ ƨǳǄǠǳơ ǺǷ ǹȂǻƢǠȇ ǶĔƗ .Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ƾƷƗ Ƕǿǂǯǀȇ ƩƢȈƟƢǐƷƗ Ŀ ƗǂǬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƨȈǠȈƦǘǳơ ƨȈǨǐƬǴǳ ȆǇƢǬǳơ ǁȂǘƬǳơ ơǀǿ Ǻǟ ȃǂǇȋơ ǺǷ ǲƟȐǫ ǖǬǧ ǆƬǨǋȁƗ Ŀ ȆǬƥ 1944 ƨǼǇ .ƩơǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǅƢǼǳơ ƨǯǂƷ ǺǷ ƨǨǴƬű ǥȁǂǛ Ŀ ơȂǋƢǟ ǶĔȋ ƽȂȀȈǳơ Śǣ Ǻǟ ƮƸƦǴǳ ƢǼǿ ǱƢů ȏ .ȄǷơƾǬǳơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ȆǬƥ 150000Ǳơ ǺǷ ƧŚǤǏ ƪǻƢǯ ǶȀǷƢǫǁƗ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ǺǷ ."ƨǔǨƼǼŭơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ" ǖǬǧ ǉƢǟȁ ȅƽƢǠǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ ǲǸǟ ǖȈǈƥ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ ǹƢǯ ǶȀǼǷ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ƨǴȈǴǫ ƩƢƠǷ ǹȂȈƳǁƾǼǰǳơȁ ǹȂǗƢȈŬơȁ ƔƢƦǗȋơ ƧƽƢǟ ȆǬƥ .ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ȅƽƢǠǳơ ƔơǀǤǳơ ȄǴǟ Ŀ ǆȈƟǁ ƔƢǫƾǏƗȁ śȈǳȂǈǰǇȂǷȂǿ ơȂƥǀƳ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƣƢƦǌǳơȁ ǹȂƻƢƦǘǳơȁ ǹȂȈǬȈǇȂŭơȁ 94

ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ

ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ƨŧǂǳơ ȂŻƾǟ ƧƢǈǫ ǅƢǻƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ȆǬƥ ǾƬȇǂǫ ȁƗ ǾƬǼȇƾǷ ƔƢǼƥƗ ȁƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǶǿǁƢȈƬƻơ Ŀ Ǻȇǀǳơȁ ǅƛ .ǅƛ Ǳơ ǺǷ) ǦƟƢǛȁ ȄǴǟ ơȂǴǐƷ śȈǻƢǈǻƛ Śǣ ƔƢȇȂǫƗ ǦƟƢǛȁ ȁƗ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǂǳ ȂǧƢǰǴǳ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƨǠȈƦǘǴǳ ƨȈǻƢǘȈǋ ƨǧǂǠǷ ȄǴǟ ơȂǼǿǂƥ ƧƾǟƢǈŠ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ơȂƸų ǺŲ ƨǏƢƻ ǦƟƢǛȁ ȅȁƿ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń ǺăǷ ȆǬƥ ǵƢƬŬơ Ŀ (.ȃǂƻƗ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǞǷȁ ƧĈȂǫ ǄǯǂǷ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ ƨȇƽƢǷ ƩȐȈȀǈƫ ơȂƦǈǰȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǟơƾƻȁ ǶȀǗƢǌǻ ƶƴǼȇ Ń ǺǷ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƧƽƢǇ ƣȂǴǫ Ŀ ǂȇƾǬƬǳơȁ ƶǨǐǳơ ǺǷ ȃƾǷ ǹȁŚưȇ ǦȈǯ ơȂǧǂǟ ƩƢǨǐǳơ ǽǀǿ– "ƪǼǼǷȁǂƥ" ȁƗ "ǁȂƫƢǼȈƦǷȂǯ" ȁƗ "ǁȂƫơǄȈǻƢǣǁȁơ" ƶƦǐȇ ǹƗ ƱǂƷƾƬȇ ǹƗ ǪȇǂǗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƾƳȂƫ ǶȈƼŭơ ƱǁƢƻ .ǹƢŭǃȂǷ ńƛ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƱǂƷƾƬȇ ǹƗ ǾƬȇƢĔ ƪǻƢǯ-ƨǧǂǬŭơ .ǖǇȁ ǲƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳ ǱƢǬƬǟȏơ ǂǰǈǠǷ Ŀȁ ƨǧȂǳƘŭơ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ Ȇǿ Ȇǿ ƨưǳƢƯ ƆƢǐǻȁ ƢƆƷȁǁ ǂǷơȁȋơ ǲǯƘǻ ǹƗ ǲǯȋơ ƾǨǻ ơƿƛ ȆǨǰȇ . ǲǌǨǳơ ǺǷ ǲȀǇƗ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳ ǾǻƗ ƪǸōǴǟ ƨƥǂƴƬǳơ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǕƢƦǔǻơ ȄǴǟ ƢǼƦǛơȁ ơƿƛȁ ƨǐǐƼŭơ ƨƦƳȂǳơ ǲǯƘǻ Ń ơƿƛȁ ǹȂƦǿǀȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ śȈǻƢŭǃȂŭơ ǲǰǳ .ǂȀǋƗ ƨƯȐưǳ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǸǐǳơ ǺǰŲ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ǽǀđ ơȂǬǴƷǄƫ .ƨȈƫơƿ ŚǇ ǶŮ ƪǈȈǳ ǂưǯƗ ƢǼǬǫƽ ơƿƛ ȁƗ .ƨȈƫơǀǳơ Śǈǳơ ǆǨǻ ǃƢǤǳơ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ ȏƆ ƢƷ .ǂƸƦǳơ ńƛ Śǈƫ Ŗǳơ ǁƢĔȋơ ǲưǷ ȆǠȈƦǗ ǲǰǌƥ ǾǴǨǇƗ ńƛ ǾǳȁƗ ǺǷ ǁƾƸǼŭơ Ŀ ȁƗ ǚūơ ƔȂǇ ƤƦǈƥ ơȂǨȈǰƬȇ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ǶǿǂǷƗ ȄǴǟ ơȂƦĉǴǣƌ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ơȂǴƻƽ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǗǁȂǳơ ȄǴǟ ǥǂǠƬǳơ Ŀ śƸƳƢǻ ơȂǈȈǳȁ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǂǐƬǻơ ǺǷǄǳơ .ƨǘȈǈƥ ƨƯƽƢƷ ƤƦǈƥ ƔȆǋ ȏȁ ǱȐŴȏƢƥ ǶȀǷƢǈƳƗ ƗƾƦƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȏƐ ƛ ƩơǁȂǜƄơȁ śǻơȂǬǴǳ ƨȈǻƢǘȈǌǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƧŚǐǫ ǶēƢȈƷ .ȃȂǬǳơ ǁơȂƻ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƩȂŭơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ƨȈǨǐƬǳơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥ ǶǿǀǬǼȇ ƽȂƳȂǳ ǁŐŭơ Ƕǿ Ƕǿȁ .ƩȂŭơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơ Ƕǿ Ƕǿ ǹȂȈǻƢŭǃȂŭơ ƾǠȇ ȏ ŚƦǯ Ƕǿƽƾǟ ǹȁȁƢǈƬǷ ǂǌƥ Ƕǿ Ɣȏƚǿ ȏ -ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ ƽƾƴƬȇȁ ǪǧƾƬȇ ǁȂȀŦ ǭƢǼǿ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƤǠƬƥ ǹȂǌŻ .ƔƢǷ ŖǘǬǻ ƢǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ǂƻȉơ ǶǿƾƷƗ ǾƦǌȇ ǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǹȁƽƽǂƬŭơ ǭƢǼǿ .ƔƢȈƷƗ ǂǌƦǯ ǶȀƬȇƙǁ ǺǰŻ ȏ ǞǫơȂǳơ Ŀȁ .ƢƆǬƷ ǹȂǻƢǠȇ ȏ .ƪǸǐƥ ǶĔƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳ ǶȀƦǠƫȁ ǶŮơǄǿ ƤƦǈƥ ǾǼǷ ǹȂǧƢź ȏ ǶĔȋ ƆƢƫȂǷ ǶēȂǷ ǹȂǸǈȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ . ƩȂŭơ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ơȂǸȀǨȇ ǹƗ

95

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ŀ ǂǌǳơ ǲǯ ǂǐƬƻƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳȁ .ǱȂȀĐơ ǶǿǁȂǔŞ ơƆƾƳ ƨƠȈǴǷ ļǂǯơƿ .œǴǫ ńƛ ơƆƾƳ ƤȇǂǬǳơ ƾȀǌŭơ ơǀǿ ƩǂƬƻơ ƪǼǰǳ ƧƾȈƷȁȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƧǁȂǐƥ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ ǹƗ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ ǾȈǼȈǟȁ ǾȀƳȁ ȄǴǟ ƉǺƸǼǷ ǂȀǛ ǺƸǼǷ śƦƳ ǵƢǜǟȁ ƾǴƳ ǹƢǈǻƛ .ňƢǈǻȍơ ŚǰǨƬǳơ ǂưǯƗ ƾš .ƾȈƷȁȁ ƾƷơȁ ǭȐŮơ ńƛ Ǫȇǂǘǳơȁ ƉǑƢǷ ȏ ƩȂŭƢƥ śǷȂǰƸǸǴǳ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀȁ .ƨƠƳƢǨǷȁ ƨƦǠǏ ƧŚưǯ Ȇǿ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǍȐŬơ ǩǂǗ ǹƜǧ Ǯǳƿ ǲƥƢǬǷ .ǞǇơȁ .ƩƢǸȈƼŭơ ȆǨǛȂǷ ǺǷ ƪǼǼǷȁǂƥ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ Ȇǿ ƢǼƄƗ ƢǸǯ ƨȈǇƢǇȋơ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ƔȆŸ ǽƾǠƥȁ (Lagerältester) ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ǂȇƾǷ Ȇǿ ƨǷƢŮơ ƨƳǁƾǳơ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƨǧƢǜǼǳơ ǱƢǸǟ-ǹȁŚƻȋơȁ ǹȂȈǴȈǴǳơ ǅơǂūơ ƔƢŧǂǳơ ƧȂƻȋơ ǹȂƻƢƦǘǳơ .(ƩƢǷƢǸūơ ȂǻƢǼǧȁ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Ɣơǁǃȁ) Bademeister ȁ Scheissminister ǶȀǨƟƢǛȁ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǹȋ ƽȂȀȈǳơ śȈǘǼǼǷȁŐǳơ ǹƗ ƢǼǿ ǂǯǀǻ ǹƗ ƤǇƢǼŭơ ǺǷ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǹƜǧ ȆǠȈƦǘǳơ ȆǫǂǠǳơ ǶȀǫȂǨƫ ǶǰŞ ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ǶŮȂƻƽ ǞǷ ƢƆȈǰȈƫƢǷȂƫȁƗ .ơȂǴƦǬĄȇ ŕƷ ƾƟƢǰŭơ ơȂǰȈŹ ǹƗȁ Ƨƾǌƥ ơȂǟǁƢǐȇ ǹƗ ǹȂǷǄǴǷ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƣơǀǠǳơ .ǹǄƸǴǳ ƧŚưǷȁ ƨǏƢƻ ƨȈǻƢǈǻƛ ƧǂǿƢǛ Ƕǿ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǹȂȈǗƢǼǼŲȁŐǳơ ƢƆǠǷ ƱǄƬŻ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǽƢš ƔơƾǠǳơ ƨǧƢǬƯȁ ƾȈǳƢǬƬǳơ ƨǬȈƬǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ ǺǷ ǱƢȈƳȋơ ǹǄƷ .ǂǌƦǳơ ǽǂǰƫ ǹƐȐȈǣ ńƛ ƢǼǿ ǱȂƸƬȈǳ ƾȈƦǟ ńƛ ǹȂǳȂƸƬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǅƢǻ ƧƾǠǳ ơȂƷǂƬǫơ .ňƢŭȋơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ŘƦŭ ǄȈŲ ƱƢƬǻ Ƕǿ ơȂƦǴǗ ǲƥƢǬŭƢƥ ƔƢǬƦǳơ ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ǞǷ ƨǘȈǈƥ Ǻǰƫ ƢǸȀǷ ƩơǃƢȈƬǷơ śǻƢƳ ńƛ ƆƢǠǫȂǷ ơǀȀǯ ǹƢǈǻƛ .ƵơǂƬǫȏơ ȄǴǟ ǪǧơȂȇ ǺăǷ ƾƳȂǼȇ ƾȈǯƘƫ ǲǰƥ ǶǿƔȐǷǃ ơȂǻȂź ǹƗ ǶȀǼǷ ǾƫǂǘȈǇ Ʃƽơƽǃơ ƢǸǴǯ Ǯǳǀǳ Ǿƥ ǆŭơ ƢƆǟȂǼŲ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƢǰŭơ ǹȂǻƢǬƥ ƢƆǷǄǴǷ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǸů ƽȂǬȇ ǹƗ ǾǻȂǘǠȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ƽơƽǄȇ Ǿǳ ǶȀǿǂǯȁ ǾȈƻȋ ǾƬǬȇƢǔǷ Ʃƽơƽǃơ ǥǂǠȇ Ǿǻȋ ƆƢǘǴǈƬǷȁ ƢƆǇǂǋ ƶƦǐȇ ǾƳơǄǷ ƤǈƷ ǶȀǠǷ ǥǂǐƬȇ ǹƗ Ǫūơȁ ƔƢǇƚƦǳơ ǾǻƜǧ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ǾǼǷ "ǲǔǧƗ"ǂƻƕ ǎƼǌƥ ǾǻȁŚǤȇ ǥȂǈǧ ơǀǰǿ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƿƛ ǾǻƗ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ǖǬǧȁ ǾƬŢ śǷȂǴǜŭơ ńƛ ǂȇŐƫ ȅƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǽƽƢȈǇƗ ǽƢš ƨȈǿơǂǰǳơ ƧǄȇǂǣ ǾƳȂȇ .ƵƢȈƫǁȏƢƥ ǂǠǌȇ ǽƽƢȈǇƗ ǾȈǳƛ ƢȀȀƳȁ Ŗǳơ ƩƢǻƢǿȍơ ǾƫȂƻƛ ȄǴǟ ǝǃȂȇ 96

ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ

ƧƽƢǟ řǳơ ƧǁȂǐǳơ Ǻǟ ƣǂǤǳơ Ǻǟ ǩǂǌǳơ ƾǠĄƥ ƾȈǠƥ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ȄǴǟ ȁƗ ǶȀŭƢǛ ƾǓ ǶǿƽƢǈƳƘƥ ǹȂǨǬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ śǟȂǸǬŭơ ǹȂǨǐȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢĔȁǁȂǐȇ ŐǠȇ ȏ ǂȀǬǳơ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǁȂǷȋơ ƨǬȈǬƷ Ȇǿ ơǀǰǿ ƢŠǁ .ƢƆǠǷ ơȂǻƢǠȇ ŕƷ ǹȁƾƷȂƬȇ ǲǫȋơ ȁƗ ƨƥǂƴƬǳơ ǵƾǟ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƨȈǌƷȂƥ ǞǸǬȇ ȏȁ ȏƆ ƾƬǠǷ ŃƢǜǳơ ǹȂǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȁƗ ƆƢǼȈǠǷ ơƆƾƷ ƤǠǋ ƾƳȂȇ ƮȈƷ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǁǂǬǻ ǺŴ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǁƾǐǳơ ƨƥƢƷǁ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƨȈǿơǂǰǳơȁ ƔơƾǠǳơ ǚǬȈƬǈȇ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǱȐƬƷȏơ ƪŢ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ǅȁƾȇ Ƥȇǂǣ ƢǷ ǞǫȂƫ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƧŚưǯ ƨȈǻƢǈǻƛ ƩȏƢƷ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ǞǓȂǳơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ƨƬȈǸŭơ . ƨǠǗƢǫ ƩƢƳƢƬǼƬǇơ ƲƬǼƬǈǻ ǹƗ ǹƢǯ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƭƾŹ .ƨȈƦǴǣȋơ ơȂǻƢǯ ǶĔƗ ǞǷ ǾǳȂǫ ǺǰŻ ƢǷ ơƆƾƳ ǲȈǴǫ ǭƢǼǿ ƽȂȀȈǳơ Śǣ ǺǘǼǼǷȁŐǳơ Ǻǟ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ŕƷ ƨǨȈǛȁ Ǿǳ ǆȈǳ "ȅǁȉơ" ǩąǂǠĉ ǳơ ǺǷ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ ȅƗ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƿƛ ƆƢǏȂǐƻ ƶȈƸǏ ơǀǿȁ .ǶȀǠƦǗ ǺǷ ƢǻƢǯ ƨȈǻơȂȈūơȁ ƔƢƦǤǳơ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨǠǓơȂƬǷ ƨǨȈǛȁ ŕƷ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǹȂƴǈǳơ Ŀ ƨȇƢǼǠƥ ơȁŚƬƻơ ǹȂȈƟƢǼƳ ƔƢǼƴǇ ǶǿǂưǯƗ ǹƗ ǁƢƦƬǟȏƢƥ ƢǻǀƻƗ ǺŴ .ƽȂȀȈǳƢƥ ƨǏƢŬơ ǱƢǬƬǟȏơ ƩơǂǰǈǠǷ Ŀ ƨǨǴƬű ǝơȂǻƗ ǺǷ śƦǫơǂǷ ơȂǻȂǰȇ ƱƿƢǸǼǳơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǹƢŻȏơ ǒǧǂǻ ƢǼǻȋ .ŚƦǯ ǪȈǫƾƬƥȁ ƨȇƢǼǠƥ ơȁŚƬƻơ ǶĔƗ ǹȁƾǯƘƬǷ ǲƥ ǖǇȂƬŭơ ňƢŭȋơ ǹȂǴưŻ ȏ ǖǬǧ ơȂǈȈǳ ǶŮƢǸǟƗ ƢǼȇƗǁ Ǻȇǀǳơ Ɣȏƚǿ ƔƢǇƚƦǳơ ǅƢǼǴǳ ǺǘǼǼŲȁŐǳơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ơƿƢŭ ŚǈǨƫ ǂưǯƗ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ .ǖǇȂƬŭơ ňƢŭȋơ ŚǇȋơ ŕƷ ǹȂǴưŻ ȏ ŚǈǨƬǳơ ƢŠǁȁ ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ śȈǌƷȁ ơȂǻƢǯ ǅȁǂǳơȁ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǹȂȈǇƢȈǈǳơ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǬǳơ Śǣ ƧǁƢƴƬǳơ ǲưǷ ǱƢǸǟƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƨȈƟƢǼƳ ǱƢǸǟƗ ƩŐƬǟơ ƢȈǻƢŭƗ Ŀ ǶĔƗ Ŀ ǺǸǰȇ .ȅǃƢǼǳơ ƣǄūơ ƔƢǘǌǼƥ ƩǂǓƗ Ŗǳơ ƩƢǫǂǈǳơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǞǷ ƨǟȂǼǸŭơ ƩƢǫȐǠǳơ ȏ ǥȁǂǛ Ŀ ƨǠǸǈǳơ ƨƠȈǇ ƩơǂǰǈǠǷ Ŀ ơȂƫƢǷȁ ơȂǋƢǟ "ǹȂȈǬȈǬūơ" ǹȂȈǇƢȈǈǳơ .ƢȀȈǧ ǊȈǠǻ Ŗǳơ ǥȁǂǜǳơ Ǻǟ ǦǴƬţ ǥȁǂǛ Ŀ ƨǼȈǠǷ ǹĊ ƢǠŠ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǩƢǘƫ ƨǴǷƢǠǷ ơȂǴǷƢǠȇ Ńȁ ȃǂǇƗ ơȂǻƢǯ ǶǿƢǻǁȂǏ Ǻȇǀǳơ śǨǛȂǸǴǳ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ơȂǻƢǯȁ ơȂǬƦȇ ŕƷ ƨȈƫơǀǳơ ǶǿơȂǬƥ ơȂǟǁƢǏ ƾǬǳ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǶȀǬȇǂǗ ƨȇơƾƥ Ŀ ǲǔǧƗ ǞǼŭ ƨǟƢǇ ǲǯȁ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƧȂǬƥ ơȂǟǁƢǐȇ ǹƗ ǁƢȈƬǳơ ƾǓ ơȂƸƦǈȇ ǹƗ ǺȇǂǘǔǷ ǹƗȁ Ɣơƾǟȋơ ǲƥƢǬǷ ơȁƾǸǐȇ ǹƗ śƫȁǂǳơ ȄǴǟȁ ƽŐǳơ ȄǴǟȁ ǝȂŪơ ȄǴǟ ƣǂūơ 97

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǹƗ ơȂǸǴǠƬȇ ǹƗȁ ǝơǂƬƻȏơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ơȁǁȂǘȇ ǹƗȁ śǈǧƢǼŭơ ƾǓ ƨŧǁ Ȑƥ ơȂǧǂǐƬȇ ƨȈǬƥ ǲǯ ơȂǬǼź ǹƗ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ Ƨǁơƽȍơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ơĈȂǬȇ ǹƗȁ .ǆǨǼǳơ ǖƦǔƥ ơȂǧǂǐƬȇ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ƾǓ ƨǯǂǠŭơ Ŀ ơȂǨǬȇ ǹƗ .ǶȀƦǻƚȇ ǹƗ ŚǸǔǴǳ ơȂƸǸǈȇ ȏ ǹƗȁ ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǷơǂǰǳ ƾǼǟ ƨǧȁǂǠŭơ Śǣ ȃȂǬǳơ ǮǴƫ ȆǟȁȐǳơ Ŀ ƨǼǷƢǰǳơ ǆǨǼǳơ ȃȂǫ ȄǴǟ ơȂǜǧƢŹ ǹƗȁ ƢǿƢǼǟǂƬƻơ Ŗǳơ ǩǂǘǳơ ƪǻƢǯ ƧƽȁƾǠǷ Śǣ .ƨƦȈǐǠǳơ ƩơǂƬǨǳơ Ŀ śȈǷƽƕȁ ƣȂǠǋ ǝơǂǐǳƢƥ ƢǼƬǷǄǳƗ ƢȀǴǯ .ǂǌƦǴǳ ƩƢȈǐƼǌǳơ ǝơȂǻƗ ƽƾǟ Ŀ :ƩȂŶ ȏ ŕƷ Ƣđ ƢǻǂǇȁ ƨǴȈǴǫ Śǣ ǖǇȁ ǱȂǴŞ ƢǼǷǄǳƗ ƢȀǼǷ Śưǰǳơ .ǞȈǸŪơ ƾǓ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǾȈǧ Ǧǫȁ ȅǀǳơ řǔŭơ ƔƢȈƷƗ ơȂǬƦȇ ǹƗ ơȂǼǰŤ ƅơ ǶǇơ ȂǇƾǬǷ ȁƗ ǹȂǴǷƢǰǳơ ǹȂǬȇƾǐǳơ .ƨȈǫȐƻƗ Śǣ ƪǻƢǯȁ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ ǭŚǸǓ ǂǷȋ ƢƆǬƦǗ ƪǧǂǐƫ ơƿƛ .ǶȈǬǳơ Ǻǟȁ ƔȃƽƢƦŭơ Ǻǟ ǱǃƢǼƬǳơ ǹȁƾƥ .ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ǚūơ ǮǨǳƢƷ ơƿƛ ǖǬǧ ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ȄǬƦƫ ƧƢȈƷ ǂăȈǇĉ ǎ Ĉ ǫ ƨǘǇơȂƥ ƧƢƴǼǳơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ǩǂǗ ƨȇƘƥ ǂȀǜĄǻ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŴ ǺŴ .ȅǂǼǿȁ ǅƢȈǳƛ Ǳ ƽǂǨǳơ ǲǧƢǋ ǽǁƢǈȇ ȄǴǟ śǘǫƢǈǳơ ǥȂǳƗ ȃƗǁ .ƩơȂǼǇ ǞƥǁƗ ǲƦǫ ƩƢǸȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǺǰǇ ǲǧƢǋ ƪǻƢǯ .ƢȇƢƸǔǳơ ƢȈǈƬȈǳƢƳ Ŀ ǾƬȇǂǫ Ŀ ƧǁǄĐơ Ŀ ȃƗǁ ƾǬǳȁ .ǾǼȈŻ ȄǴǟ ƩơǁƢǘǬǳơȁ ǲƥ ǾǈǨǼƥ ǂǰǨȇ Ń ǹƢǷǃ ǺǷ .ƽȂǴƴǴǳ ƶƳƢǻ ȅǁƢš ǲŰ ƔƢǼƥƗ ƨǈŨȁ ƧƗǂǷơ ǽƾǼǟ ȏȁ ƢƆǟƢƴǋ ȏȁ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ Ȑ Ɔ ȈŦ Ǻǰȇ Ń ǲǧƢǋ .ǽǄƴǼȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ȅǀǳơ ǲǸǠǳƢƥ ǂǰǧ ƾŸ ǹƗ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǞǘƬǈȇ Ńȁ ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ȑ Ɔ ȇƢƸƬǷ Ǻǰȇ Ń ǾǻƗ ǲƥ .ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ƢƆƠȈǇ ǲăȈū ĉ ơ ǮȈŹ ǹƗ ǂǘǓơ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ .ǾƫƢȈƷ Ŀ ƨǸƟơƾǳơ ƩƢǟơǂǐǳơ ǺǷ ƨǜƸǴǳ ƨƷơǂǳơ ƨǈǼǰǷ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǩǂǈȇ ǹƢǯ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ .ǭƢǼǿ ȄǸǈƫ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǸǯ ƾƟƢǰŭơ ƧŚǤǐǳơ ǺǷ ƩơȁƽƗ ƤǴǗ "ǄƦŬơȁ ǱƢŭơ" ǒǠƥ ŚǧȂƫ Ŀ ƶų ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǂǳ ƢȀǠȈƦȇȁ ǲǸǠȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟ ȆǐƼǋ ǲǸǠƥ ǵƢǫȁ ǾƬȇǂǫ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ ȅǀǳơ ǭȂǴƦǳơ Ŀ ȆƳǁƾǼǰǳơ řǤȇ ǽƕǁ ǂȀǜǳơ ƨƷơǂƬǇơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ Ņ ǱƢǫ ȆǤȈǇ ƨǫǂǨƬŭơ .ƔƢƥǂȀǰǳơ ǕȂȈƻ ǺǷ ƩƢǧƢƬǯ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƢȇƢǬƥ Ǯǳƿ ǲƥƢǬǷ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ǽȂǘǟƗ Ǻȇǀǳơ śȈǯƢǧȂǴǈǳơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ ǵƢǷƗ ǎǫǂȇȁ ǹƢǈǻƛ ƶǷƢǈƬǷ ǦǗƢǠƬƥ ǲǧƢǋ ńƛ ǂǜǼǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƢǼǴǫ ƢǷ ǲǯ ƤǈƷ ǥơƾǿȋơ ŉƾǟȁ ǞǓơȂƬǷ ǹƢǈǻƛ ƨǘȈǈƥ ƧƢȈū ǄǧƢƷ ǖǬǧ ǾƷȁǁ Ŀ ƾƳȂȇ ǆƟƢƥ 98

ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ

ƆƢǏƢƻ Ȑ Ɔ ǘƥ ǆȈǳ ǲǧƢǋ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢƆǷȁǄȀǷ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ŕƷ ƧŚǤǏ ƨǯǂǠǷ ƨǳȂǘƦƥ ǑȂź .ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ǲǌȇȂǷ ȄǬǴƬȇ ǹƗ ńƛ ȅƿƚȇ ǹƗ ƽƽǂƬȇ Ń ǾǷƢǷƗ ƨǏǂǨǳơ ƪƸǼǇ ơƿƛ Ǻǰǳȁ Ȅǋȁ ǲǧƢǋ.ƺƦǘŭơ ǺǷ ƨǫǂǈǳơ ǹȏȁƢŹ Ƣŷȁ ƢǸȀȈǴǟ ǒƎƦǫƌ ǲǌȇȂǷȁ Ȃǿ ǹƢǯ ơǀǰǿȁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ řȈǟ Ŀ Ǿƥ ƣƢƴǟȍơ Śưȇ ƢǷ ǁƾǬƥ ǾǻƗ Ƙǘƻ ƾǬƬǠȇ ǹƢǯ Ǿǻȋ ǾǬȇƾǐƥ .ǁȁƾǬǴǳ ǲǇƢǤǯ ǲǸǠǴǳ ƢƆƸǋǂǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƘƥ ƢƆǔȇƗ ȄǜŹ ǾǻƜǧ ǲǰǳ ǹƢƥ ǹƢŻȏơ Ŀ ƨǬȈǬƷ ȏ ǾǻƗ ȃǂƻƗ ǁȂǷƗ śƥ ƾǯƚƫ Ǳ ƽǂǨǳƗ ǅƾǼȀŭơ ƨǐǫ ƩƢƴƬǼǸǴǳ ƢƆǷƢǿ ƢƆǠǼǐǷ ǽƽȐƥ Ŀ ǁơƽƗ Ǳ ƽǂǨǳƗ .ƔƢǬƦǴǳ ƨȇȁƢǈƬǷ ƩƢȈǻƢǰǷƛ ǂǌƦǳơ .ƢƥȁǁȁƗ ƔƢŴƗ Ŀ ƨǟƢǼǐǳơ ǱƢƳǁ śƥ ǥȁǂǠǷ ǹȉơ ńƛȁ ƢƆǧȁǂǠǷ Ǿũơ ǹƢǯȁ ƨȇȁƢǸȈǰǳơ ǾȈǴǟ ǒƎƦǫƌ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟơ ȏ .ǶȈƼǸǴǳ ǾƠȈů ƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ śǈǸŬơ ŅơȂƷ Ŀ ǶȈǇȁ ǹƢǈǻƛ ƪǧǂǠƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ȏƆ ȂȀůȁ ƆơƾȈƷȁ ƆƢȇǁƢǟ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ǲƻƾȇ ƢǸǯ ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ǲƻƽ ǾǼǰǳȁ Ǳƾƫ ƩƢǷȐǟ ƪȈǬƥ ǾȀƳȁ ƶǷȐǷ Ǻǰǳȁ ȅƾǈŪơ ǱȂƥǀǳơ ƶǷȐǷ ǾȈǴǟ Ʃƾƥ ǾȈǴǟ ƪǐƼǴƫ Ǿǳ ƨȈǧƢǓȍơ ǩȂǬūơ ǲǯ ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ȆǴƻơƾǳơ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơȁ ǕƢǌǼǳơ ȄǴǟ Ǿǳ ƤǴƳ ƨȇȂǫ ƨȈŷƗ ǀƻƗ ȅǀǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ ơǀǿ .śȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ǱƢǸǠǴǳ ǁȁƾǬǳơ ǦȈǜǼƫ Ŀ ǾǟȂƳ ǝƢƦǋȍ ƨȈǧƢǯ Ǻǰƫ Ń ƨǧƢǓȍơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ .ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ǺƸǏ Ǧǐǻ ǹƢǯ ǾǼǷȁ ǵȐǰǳơ ǲȈǴǫ ǹƢǯ ǆǰǠǳƢƥ .ǂǷǀƬȇ ǽƢȇƛ ƆƢǷȂȇ ƾƷƗ ǞǸǈȇ Ń ơǀǿ Ƕǣǁȁ .ǽǁƢť ǾȈǘǠȇ ƢƆǸȈǜǼƫȁ ƢƆǻȁǄű ǽƾǼǟ ǹƗ ǝƢƦǘǻȏơ śǨȈǜǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ơȂǻƢǯ ǾƳȂǳơȁ ǹơƾȈǳơ : "ƣȂǴǇƗ" Ǳ ƽǂǨǳȋ ǹƢǯ .ǾǷȐǯ ƾǯƗ ǽǂȀǜǷ Ƨǂǌǟ ńƛ ƨǈŨ ǲǯ ǾǐȈǸǫ ǲǈǤȇ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǹƢǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƧǁƽƢǻ ƧǂǿƢǛȁ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ǲǈǤǳ ǾǻƗ ƢǼǿ ǚƷȐǻ) .ǺȇǂȀǋ ǲǯ ƨȈǴƻơƾǳơ ǆƥȐŭơ ŚȈǤƬǳ ǂǜƬǼȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǵƢȇƗ ƮȈƷ ƨǴǈǤŭơ ƣǂǫ ƨȇȁơǃ Ƥǈǯȁ ƪǫȁ ƽƢŸơȁ ǹȂƥƢǏ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǎȈǸǫ ǹƗ ƢƆǠƦǗȁ ǦǌǼȇ Ȃǿȁ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ǹȂȈǟ ǞƦǈƥ Ƥǫơǂƫ ǹƗȁ ƢŮȂƷ ǹȂǠǸƬŸ ǹȁŚưǯ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǴǳ ƤȈǫƢƦǫ Ʊȁǃ ǽƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ .(ǁơȂǻȋơ ƔƢǨǗƛ ƾǼǟ ƢƆƦǗǁ ǱơǄȇ ȏ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǾǈƦǴƫ ƆƢȈǴǸǟ .ǾǸǈƳ ƪƦǇƢǻȁ ƧƾȇƾƳȁ ƨȈǬǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ Ʃƾƥ ƨǘǘű ǆƥȐǷ ŕƷȁ ƨǴǈǤŭơ ƾǠƥ ǖǬǧ .Ǯǳǀǯ ƶƦǐȇ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƧƾǷ ƪǼǼǷȁǂƥ ƨȈǐƼǋ řƦȇ ǹƗ ƶų Ǳ ƽǂǨǳƗ ȆƴȀǼǷ ǲǰǌƥ Ǳ ƽǂǨǳƗ ƢǿƢǼƥ ƨȈǐƼǌǳơ ǽǀǿ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ Ǿǳ ŖǧǂǠǷ ǺǷ ǂȀǋƗ Ƨƾǟ 99

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǾƬƦƳȁ ǺǷ ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ ƩƢǏƢǐǫ ǺǸưƥ Ƥǈǯ ǾƬȈǐƼǋ ƩƢƦǯǂǷ ǲǯ .ǩƾǐȇ ȏ ǺǷ ƨȈǧƢǓȍơ ƩȏǃƢǼƬǴǳ ƢƆǷǁƢǏ ƢƆǷƢǜǻ ǾǈǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǑǂǨȇ Ȃǿ ƮȈƷ ƨǴȇǄŮơ ƨȈǷȂȈǳơ . ƨǈƟƢƦǳơ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ Ǖȁǂǋ ơǀǿ ǡƢǏ Ȃǿ Ǿǻȋ ƣƢƴǟȎǳ ǱƢů ƾȈǯƘƬǳƢƥ ǭƢǼǿȁ ȃƾŭơ ƾȈǠƥ ǹƢǯ ǾůƢǻǂƥ ǕƢƦǔǻƢƥ ǾůƢǻǂƥ ȌǷ Ǳ ƽǂǨǳƗ .ƨǧƾǐǳơ ǾȈǧ ƩǂǘȈǇ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ Ǿƥ ǵǄƬǳơȁ ƲǷƢǻŐǳơ ǥǂǟ.ǾǬȇǂǗ Ŀ ơȂǨǫȁ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǩƢǧǂǳơ ǶƷǂȇ Ń ƢƆǠƦǗȁ ǾǈǨǻ ǶƷǂȇ Ń . ǵǁƢǏ ȆǴƻơƽ Ǯǳǀǯ .ǾƬǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ Ȃǿ ƢǷ śƥȁ ƧȂǫ ƤƷƢǐǯ ǾǻȁǁƾǬȇ ǺăǷ śƥ ƧȂǘƻ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ǂȀǜŭơ ƔƢǈǠƫ ǹȁƾƦȇ ǲǰǳơ ƮȈƷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟ ǶǼǤǳơ ǺǷ ơƆƾƷơȁ ȁƾƦȇ ȏ ŕƷ ǽơȂǫ ǲǯ ǞŦ ǭȂǷǂƬŹ ǹƗ ǲǔǧȋơ ƨǻƢǸǔǳơ Ȃǿ ǵǂƬƄơ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ńƛ ƩƢǜƷȐŭơ ǵƾǬȇ ǹƢǯȁ ȅǂǿƢǜƫ ǍȐƻƜƥ ǲǸǟ ƶƥǀǳơ ńƛ ǩƢǈȇ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǰǷ ȄǴǟ ȆǷȂȈǳơ ǝơǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǭǂƬǌȇ Ń Ǳ ƽǂǨǳƗ .ƨȈǜǟȁȁ ƨǠǼǬǷ ƨƴȀǴƥ ńƢǈǰǳơ ǚƷȐȇ ŕƷ ƧȂƻǂǳơ ńȁȋơ ƨƦƳȂǳơ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǶƬǿơȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ńƛ ǁȂƥƢǘǳơ Ŀ ƾďȈƳ ƣƽƘƥ ǥǂǐƫȁ ǾƟȐǷǃ Ǻǟ ǦǴƬź ǾǻƗ ƾǯƚȇ ŕƷȁ ǖƦǔǼǷ Ȃǿ Ƕǯ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ .ƨǬǴǘŭơ ǾƬȈǻƢǻƗ ǵƔȏ ǲǷƢǯ ǾƬǟƢǇ ǹƗ Ǳ ƽǂǨǳƗ ǶȀǧ ƆƢǬƷȏ ǾǼǟ ǶǴǰƬǼǇ ȅǀǳơ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ǶȈǫƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ǲȈƸǼǳơ ǾȀƳȂǳ ƨȈǬǼǳơ ǾǈƥȐŭ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƔȆǋ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ Ǻǰȇ Ń .ƪǻƢƷ ƾǫ ǹƗ ǲƳƗ ǺǷ ǺȇǁǀǬǳơȁ śǴǸȀŭơ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ǞǷ ƨǻǁƢǬŭƢƥ ǹƢȈǠǴǳ ȁƾƦȇ ƢŲ ƨǫƢǻƘƥ ǩȂǴƄơ ǖǼǼǷȁŐǳơ ȅƗ śƳƢǼǴǳ ȆǬȈǬūơ ǝȂǼǳơ ńƛ ƤǈƬǼȇ ǾǻƗ ǲǸǠǳơ Ǫȇǂǧ ǆȈƟǁȁ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǞǼƬǬȇ ǺċȈǟȁ "ȆǏƢǐƬƻơ" ƨƳǁƽ ǀƻƗ ƾǫȁ ǂưǯƗ ǀƻƘȇ ǽƾǼǟ ǺăǷ ǹƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .śǬȈǬūơ ƾǠƥȁ .ƩƢƦȈǯǂƬǳơ Ƕǈǫ Ŀ ǺƸƬǸǸǯ ǾƬǴǤǋ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ƨǁơƽƛ .ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ȆȈǰȈǼǰƫ ǆȈƟǁ ǶǿơȂƬǈǷ ǂȇƾǬƬǳ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳ ƽƾŪơ śƸǋǂŭơ ǺƸƬŻ ǹƗ ƨǸȀǷ ǾȈǴǟ ơȂǬǳƗ ƧƾǷ ǶȀȈǧ ȃƗǁ ƢƆǇƢǻƗ ǺƸƬǷơ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ƨǬƟƢǧ ƨǫƾƥ Ƣđ ǵƢǫ Ŗǳơ ƨǨȈǛȂǳơ ǽǀǿ řȀŭơ .ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ Ŀ śǼǰŲ śǈǧƢǼǷ ǾƫƢȈƷ ǊȈǠȇ ǹȉơȁ ƩȂŭơ ǺǷ Ƣų ǾǻƗ ǑǂƬǧƗ řǰǳȁ ǾƫƢȈƷ ƧŚǇ ƨȈǬƥ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ . Ƶǂǧ ǾƦǴǫ Ŀ ǆȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǻƢǰǷ ƤƷƢǐǯ ƧƽǁƢƦǳơ 100

ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ

ơƿƢŭ ǥȁǂǠǷ Śǣȁ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ǺǷ ǵƢȇȋơ ƾƷƗ Ŀ ǖƦȀȇ 141565 ǹǃƾǼǳ ǅƢȈǳơ ƾǿƢǋƗ Ń ļƢȈƷ ǱȂǗ ǾǳȂǗ Ǧǐǻȁ ǂƬǷ ŅơȂƷ ǵǄǫ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ȁƾǼǷȂǯ ńƛ ƧǂǋƢƦǷ ƨǴǔǟ ǲǯ ǹō Ɨ ǦȈǯ ƾǿƢǌǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƆƢȇǁƢǟ ǹȂǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǾƫȐǔǟ ǲưǷ ƩȐǔǟ ǾȈǟơǁƿ Ŀ ƨȇǂŞ ǭǂƸƬƫ ƧŚǤǏ ƩƢǻơȂȈƷ ǲưǷ ƨǻǂǷȁ ƨȇȂǫ ǽƾǴƳ ƪŢ ǺǷ ǭǂƸƬƫ ǆȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ ǲǫǂŮ ƢƆǠƟơǁ ƢƆƳƿȂŶ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǹƢǯ ǂưǯƗ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ .ǾȈǴƳǁȁ .ǾǇƗǁ ńƛ ǂǜǼǳơ ƢƆƦǇƢǼǷ ǺǷ ƢĔƗ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ƨȇȂǫ ȁƾƦƫ .ƨǸƴǸŪơ ǵƢǜǟ ƢƆȈǴƳ ȁƾƦƫ ǾƬǸƴŦ ƾǴƳ ƪŢ ǺǷ ƨǠǨƫǂŭơ ƧŚǐǫ ƨǏȂǐǬŭơȁ ƽȂǈǳơ ǾƫơǂǠǋ ȂŶ ƾĈȈƳ ǲǰǌƥ ǹȁǂȇ . ǂƴūơ ȁƗ ǹƾǠŭơ ȁƾƦƫ ǄǼƬǰŭơ ǾȀƳȁ ƶǷȐǷ ǲǯȁ ǹƢƬưǴǳơ śƦŪơ Ǧǻȋơ .śǼȈǠǳơ ǩȂǧ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƢƆǠƦǏƛ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ŀ ƢƆǟȁǁǄǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹȋ ƤǇƢǼǷ ǅƗǁ ƾȇƾūơ ǺǷ ƢƆǇƗǁ ȁƾƦȇ ǅƗǂǳơȁ ƨǬǇƢǼƬǷ .ƨȇȂȈƷ ƧȂǫ ƮƦƫ ǾƬȈǐƼǋ ƔƢƥȉơ ǵƢȇƗ ǺǷ ƨȈƥǂƷ ŕƷ ǹƢŭȋơȁ ǹȂȈǼǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ƧƽƢǈǳơ .ǪǴǬǳơ ǾƦǴǫ Ŀ ǚǬȈƬǈȇ ǲǸǠǳơ Ŀ ǅƢȈǳơ ńƛ ǂǛƢǼǳơ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ .Ǿǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǺǰŲ Śǣ ƔȆǋ ȏ .ǲǷƢǠǳơ ǅƢȈǳơ Ɣơǃƛ śǳȂǿǀǷ ǹȂǨǬȇ Ƕǿ ƨƯȐƯ śǼƯơ ǾȈǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ ǲǸŹ ǅƢȈǳơ ƾƷơȁ ƪǼũƛ ǆȈǯ ǲǸŴ ǹƗ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ .ǹǃȂǳơ Ŀ ǹǃơȂƫ ǞǷ ƆƢǠȈŦ ƢȀǴǸŹ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ ǦȈǯ ƆƢǬƷ ƨȈƴƷƗ Ȇǿ .ƨǠƥǁƗ ŕƷȁ ǂďǌǰȇ ǶƬǌȇ ǮƸǔȇ śƬƥȂǟǂǷȁ śƫŚǐǫ śǴƳǁ ȄǴǟ ȏƆ ȂǸŰ ƨǟǂǈƥ Śǈȇ .ƿȏȂǨǳơ ǺǷ śƬǟȂǼǐǷ ǽƢƬƟǁ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ řǤȇ řǤȇ ƹǂǐȇ ǾȀƳȁ ǩȂǧ ǲǷƢǯ ǹơǄƫƢƥ ǲȇƢǬǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ǪǴǈƬȇ ǾǻƜǧ ƣƢǌƻȋơ ǺǷ ǝȂǼǐǷ ǽƔơǀƷ ǹƗ ǞǷ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇ .ƧǁƢƴƷ Ƨǂǌǟ ǾǇƗǁ ȄǴǟ ǲǸŹ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƔơȂŮơ Ŀ ƨǬǴǠǷ ǲȇƢǬǇ ƨǫǁȁ ƾŸ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀ .ƿȏȂǨǳơ Ǟǘǫ ǺǷ ƢƆǼȈǰǇȁ ƶȈǨǐǳơ ǺǷ ƨǠǘǫ ǺǷ ƢƆǨǯ Ƥŏǯǂă ȇĄ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ .ǂǘŭơ ƪŢ ŕƷ ơƆǁƢǻ ǲǠǌȇ ƧƽȁƾǠǷ ǹĊ ơȂƯ ǱȐƻȁ ƆƢǈƥƢȇ ƢƆǸƸǧȁ ơƆǁƢƴǋƗ "ǅƢƥ" ƩȂǐƥ řǤȇ .ƨǌǿƾǷ ƽƢǠƥƗ ńƛ ǪǐƦȇ ƆƢǫȐƷ ƆƢȈƳǁƾǼǯ ƆơǁƢų ƆƢǗƢȈƻ ǹȂǰȇ ȁƗ ƨƬǇ ǞǴƦȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ .ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ƢȀǠũƗ Ń Ǌȇƾȇȏơȁ ƨȈǻȂǳȂƦǳƢƥ ƩƢȈǼǣƗ ƆơƾƳ ǲȈŦ ǹƗȁ ǱƢȀǇƛ ǾƦȈǐȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥȁ ƘȈǬƬȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ƩơǂƬǳ Ƨǂǌǟ ȁƗ ƨȈǻƢť ǂǯǂǰȇ Ƥȇǂǣ ǲǰǌƥ ƢƆȈǼƸǼǷ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǒǯǂȇ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ .ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ơƆǁȂǧ ƽȂǠȇ 101

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǾƬȇƗǁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ śǳȁƚǈŭơ ƨǠƬǷ Śưȇ ƢŲ ƨǷȂȀǨŭơ Śǣ ƨȇǂǠǌǳơ ƩƢȈƥȋơ ȆǬǴȇȁ ƢǸǯ ňȂǳȂƦǳơ ǖǬǇȁ ƨǬȈǫƽȁ ƨȇȂǫ ƨƥǂǓ ǾǼǘƥ Ŀ ǾƥǂǓ .ǾǼǷ ǱȂǗƗ ňȂǳȂƥ ǞǷ ǝǁƢǐƬȇ ƢƆǷȂȇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƢƆƬǯƢǇ ȁƗ Ɣȁƾđ ƢƆǈǳƢƳ ƆƢŹǂƬǈǷ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǽǁƗ Ń ǾȈǴǟ ǍƢǏǂǳơ ơȂǬǴǗƗ Ȃǳ .ƢƆŹǂƳ ȁƗ ƢƆǔȇǂǷ Śǣ ȃƾǷ ƣȂǴǘǷȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƔȆŸ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ǾƫƢȈƷ ǖŶ Ǻǟ ƢƆƠȈǋ ƾƷƗ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ƨȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ǶǴǰƬȇ .ƨǬƥƢǈǳơ Ǿƫǁȁƽ Ŀ Ɨƾƥ ǦȈǯ ǂǰǨƫ ŕƷ ǱƢȈŬơȁ ȆƷȂǳơ ǺǷ ǲȈǴǫ ǺǷ Ʊǂź ǹƗ ńƛ ǾǠǧƾȇ ǹƗ ƶų ơƆƾƷƗ ǹƗ ǂǯǀƫƗ ȏ .ȂǇǁơȁ ƨƴȀǴƥ ƨǋȂǌŭơ Ǌȇƾȇȏơȁ Ȃǿ . ǥǂǠǻ ǹƗ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ śǠƥǁƗ ƢŠǁȁ Ǻȇǂǌǟ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ ƢŠǁ .ƨȈǬǘǼǷ Ƨǂǰǧ ǾǸǧ ơǀǿ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ƢŠǁÅ .ơƾǳȁ ǂǌǟ ƨǠƦǇ ƤųƗȁ śƯȐƯȁ ƭȐƯ Ǻƥơ Ǿǻƛ ƧƽƢǟ ǱȂǬȇ ǾǈǨǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ .ƨǼǰǸŭơ ǞȈǓơȂŭơ ǲǯ Ŀ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ ƨǴǗƢƥ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǱȂǬȇ ǅƢȈǳơ .ƨǣǁƢǧ ƧǂƻƢǨǷ ƢŶƘǯ ,ǾƫƢǯǂƷ śƥ ǪǈǼȇ ȏ ǹƢǈǻȍ ƨǠǗƢǫ ƩƢǯǂŞ ƨȈƥƢǘƻ ƨƴȀǴƥ ƉǱƢǟ ƩȂǐƥ ȏȁ Ǿǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ƢƆǐǫƢǻ ǆȈǳ ǁȂȀǸŪơ ǹƗ ƨǬȈǬūơȁ .ǾƥƢǘŬ ŚƦǯ ǁȂȀŦ ƪǐǼȇ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǹȂƬƥǂȇȁ ǮƸǔǳơ ǺǷ ǹȁǂƴǨǼȇȁ ǾƫƢƥƢǘƻ ǊǘǠƥ ǹȂƥǂǌȇ ǾƬǤǳ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ǺǷ .ƧǂǷ ǹơȂȈƷ ǲưǷ ǁȁƾȇȁ ƤǔǤȈǧ Ȃǿ ƢǷƗ . ǲǏơȂȇ ǹƗ ǾǻȂǠƴǌȇȁ ȅȂǬǳơ ǽǂȀǛ ȄǴǟ ǅƢǸŞ ǱȂȀů ńƛ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ ňȂǳȂƥ ńƛ ƧǂǷ ǾƳȂƬȇȁ Ǿǳ śǬƸƬǈŭơ ƨǬǴƷ śƥ ǅǂƬǨǷ ƾǠƥȁ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƨǸȈƬǋ ǱȂǿǀŭơ ǾȀƳȁ Ŀ ǪǐƦȇȁ Ǿƥ ƾǌȇȁ ơƆƾƷƗ ǮǈŻ ƧƘƴǧȁ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǹȂǰƸǔȇ ǲǰǳơȁ ƩƢǬȈǨǐƫ ǞǸǈĄƫ .ƶȇǂǳơ Ŀ ƨǫǁȁ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ǾǧǀǬȇ Ǯǳƿ ƽȂǠȇ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥȁ .ƢǷ ƧƔȂƦǻ ǲǸŹ ȅǀǳơ ƤȈǿǁ Ǟǌƥ ǹơȂȈƸǯ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ńƛ Ǿȇƾȇ Ǟǧǂȇ Ȃǿ . ǹȂǼĐơ ǾƥƢǘƻ ƤǔǤƥ ǲǏơȂȇȁ ƤǈƷ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ ǺǷ .ȅƽƢǟ Śǣ ǲǰǌƥ ǃƢƬŲ ǲǷƢǠǯ ƨǠũ Ǿǳ ƩǁƢǏ ƨǟǂǈƥ "ƾȈǈǳơ" ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ ǲǸǟ .ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǟ ƢƆȈǴǸǟ ǦǫȂƫ ƢŮ ǪǘǼǷ ȏ Ŗǳơ ǶȈƼŭơ śǻơȂǫ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƧŚƦǯ ƧȂǬƥȁ ƨȈƟƢǼưƬǇơ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƢǿǄƴǼȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǱƢǸǟȋ ƧǂǋƢƦǷ ǾȈǳƛ ǾƳȂƫ ƨƦȇǂǫ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ .ƢǼǴǸǟ Ƥǫơǂȇ ǹƗȁ ƨƷƢǫȂǳơ Ƨƾǋ ǺǷ ƢƆǓȂǨǼǷ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǁȁƾȇ ǹƗ ƽƢƬǟơ ƽȂǠȇȁ ǲǸǠŭơ Ǻǟ ƧƾȈǠƥ Ƣȇơȁǃ Ŀ ƩơǂǷƢǤǷ ńƛȁ ƨȇǂǇ ƩơǁƢȇǃ ńƛ Ʊǂźȁ ȆǨƬź ǹƢǯ .ƣƢǗȁ ǀǳ ƢŲ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƣȂȈŝȁ ƔȆǴǷ ǺǘƦƥ 102

ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ

ǾȈǴǟ ơȂǔƦǬȇ Ń .Őǳơ ƩƢǻơȂȈƷ ǲưǷ ȅǄȇǂǣ ǝơƾş ƨȈǠȈƦǘƥȁ ƨƳơǀǈƥ ǩǂǈȇ ǅƢȈǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǾȈǴǟ ǒƦƒǬȇĄ Ǻǳ ǾǻƗ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ǹȂǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ ǩǂǈȇ Ǿǻȋ ǩǂǈȇ Ȃǿȁ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǹơ ƤŸ Ǟǫȁ ơƆǂƴƷ ǹƗ ƢǸǯ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǩǂǈȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǅƢȈǳơ ƨǏǂǧ ǾǷƢǷƗ ƶǼǈƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƣƢǬǟ ȅƗ ǹƗ ƶǓơȂǳơ ǺǷ ǾȈǴǟ ǒƦǬǳơ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ŕƷ .ǲǨǇƗ ńƛ ǖǫƢǈƬȇ ..ǵȂǼǳơȁ ǆǨǼƬǳƢǯ ȅȂȈƷ ǲǸǟ Ȇǿ ƨǫǂǈǳơ Ǿǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƦǧ ƧƾƟƢǨǳơ ŉƾǟ Ȃǿ ǵȂȀǨǷ Śǣȁ ǹȂǼů Ȃǿ ǲǿ .ǅƢȈǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ǺǷ ƢǼǈǨǻƗ ǱƘǈǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǹȉơ ŃƢǠǳơ Ŀ Ƥȇǂǣ ŉƾǫ ŃƢǟ ǺǷ ƨȈǬƥ ǾǻƗ ȁƗ .ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǲǏȁ ȅǀǳơ .ƿƢǋ ǺǷ ƩơǀǳƢƥ Ǿǻƛ ȁƗ .ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƨŻƾǬǳơ ƔƢǬƦǳơ ǱơȂƷȋ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƤǇƢǼǷ Ǻǰǳȁ ǂǏƢǠŭơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƢǼƬǷ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ƣąǂǫƌ Ǻǟ ǾȀƦǌǻ ƢƆǠȈŦ ǺŴ ƱƢƬǻƛ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱƢƬǻƛ .Ǯǳƿ ǲƦǫ ƔƢǬƦǳơ Ǻǟ Ǧǰȇ ǹȋ ǾǸǈŝ ƢƆŭƢǇ ȆǬƥ ǅƢȈǳơ .ƨƯȐưǳơ ƩƢǓơǂƬǧȏƢƥ ƨǬȈǬūơ ǺǷ ơƆƔǄƳ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇ Ƶȁǂǳơ ǶȈǴǇ ǆȈǳ Ǿǻȋ ȆǴƻơƾǳơ ǭȐŮơ ǺǷ ȂƴǼȇ ǹƗ ƶų ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ǶȈǇȁ ǾǸǈƳ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƤǇƢǼǷ ňƢǈǻƛ ƱƿȂŶ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ǥȁǂǜǴǳ ơƆƾȈƳ ǦȈǰƬȇ Ʊ ƉÇ Ƣǻ ȂȀǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ƧǁȂǐǳ Ǻƴǈǳơ Ŀ ǞǸƬĐơ ǊǷƢǿ ȄǴǟ ƾƳȂǼȇ ǥȂǇ ƆơǂƷ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ǅƢȈǳơ ƶƦǏƗ ơƿƛ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ śǻƢů ȏȁ ǹȂǷǂů ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƢǼǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .śǻƢĐơ ȄǨǌƬǈǷ Ŀ ȁƗ ǲǯ ǹȋ śǻƢů ƾƳȂȇ ȏȁ .Ƕđ ǂǔƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƨȈǫȐƻƗ ǩȂǬƷ ƾƳȂƫ ȏ Ǿǻȋ ǹȂǷǂů .ǺǰǸŭơ ƾȈƷȂǳơ Ȃǿ -ǹȉơȁ ƢǼǿ ǾǴǸǠǻ ǲǸǟ ǲǯȁ ƢƆǨǴǇ ƩǁǂǬƫ ƢǼǳƢǠǧƗ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƩơǁȁƢǼŭơ ǲƳǁ Ȃǿȁ ơƆƾȈƳ ǲǸǠȇ Ȃǿ .ƾĐƢƥ ȄǜŹȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǂǿǄȇ ǅƢȈǳơ ǺǷȁ ƨȇȂǫ ƨȈǈǨǻ ȃȂǫ ǽƾǼǟ ƪǈȈǳ ǺăǷȁ ǾǻȂǷǂƬŹ ǩƢǧǂǳơȁ ȂƥƢǰǳơ .ǲƬǬǳơ ǥƢź ȏ Ǿǳ ƤǴš ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ŗǳơ ƧƾȈƷȂǳơ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ -ƧƢȈūơ ƨǴǏơȂŭ ƧȂǬǳơ ǹǄƬź ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ǆȈǳ ȃǂƻȋơ ǲƦǈǳơ ǲǯ .ǝƽƢƼŭơ ǶȀƦƬǳơȁ ƨȈǻȐǬǠǳơ ǵƾǟ ȅƗ ǅƢȈǳơ ǪȇǂǗ Ȇǿ ǍȐŬơ .Ʊǂű Ȑƥ Ȇǿ

103

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǹƗ ƔơǂǣȍƢƥ ǂǠǌȇ ǺăǷ ǮǳƢǼǿ ǹȂǰȇ ƢŠǁ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƢǻǂǗơȂƻ ƢǼȈĔƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹȉơȁ ȏƗ .ƨȈǷȂȈǳơ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ƢǼƫƢȈū ŚȇƢǠǷȁ ǆȈȇƢǬǷ ǁǂǬȇȁ ǲƥ ƩƢǏȐƻ ǎǴƼƬǈȇ ǆȈǳȁ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ǥƾǿ ǶŮ ǆȈǳ ǅƢǻƘƥ ǵƾǘǐǻ ȏƗ ƆơƾƳ ǾȀƦǌƫ ƩƢǇƢȈǳơ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǱȂƴƬȇ ǲưǷ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǶēȂǫ ƤƦǈƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ǎǫơȂǼǳơ ǽǀǿ Ƕǣǁ ƔƢȈƷƗ ơȂǈȈǳ Ƕǿȁ ļơƿ ƾǬǻ ǶŮ .ǶēȂǫ ǺǷ ƩơǀǳƢƥ ǅƢȈǳơ ƧŚǇ ǎǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼƬȈǻ Ŀ ǆȈǳ Ǿǻȋ ǾưƸƦǻ Ǻǳȁ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƤǠǏȁ Śǘƻ Ǳơƚǈǳơ ƨǘǬǻ ǦȈǔǻ Ǻǰǳȁ .Śưǰǳơ ƤƬƌǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ǺǷ ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ǻǟ ǂǰǈǠǸǴǳ Ƣŭ ȃǄǤǷ ǭƢǼǿ ƢǷ ǁƾǬƥȁ ƤǻƢŪơ ǺǷ ƤǫơǂǷ ƾȀǌȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƢǷ ǁƾǬƥ .ǖǬǧ ƧƾƷơȁ .ơƆƾȈǠǇ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ Ǻǜǳơ ƤǴǣƗ ǹƢǯ ǅƢȈǳơ : ǱȂǬǼǇ Ŀ ƔƢǬƦǴǳ ƨǴǷƢǰƬǷ ƨȇǂǜǻ ǽƾǼǟ .Ȇǟȁ ȁƿȁ ơƆƾƳ ȅǁƢǔƷ .ǅƢȈǳơ ǒȈǬǻ Ȃǿ ȅǂǼǿ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ǶǴǰƬȇ ƆơƾƳ Ȇǯƿ ǖǬǧ Ǻȇǂǌǟȁ śƬǼƯơ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ .ƨǬȈǸǟ ƨȈǰȈǇȐǯȁ ƨȈǸǴǟ ƨǧƢǬƯ ƤƷƢǏ .ƨȈǇȁǂǳơȁ ƨȇǄȈǴųȍơ ƨȈǨǗƢǟ ƨǴǏ ǲǯ ȅǂǼǿ Ǟǘǫ ǵȂȈǳơ Ǯǳƿ ǀǼǷȁ Śƻȋơ ƔƢƬǌǳơ Ŀ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ĿȂƫ ǽȂƻƗ ƨǜƸǴǳ ǽơȂǫ ǂƬǨƫ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ƔƢǬƦǴǳ ǝǁƢǏȁ ǾǈǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǪǴǣƗ .ǅƢǼǳơ ǞǷ ǾƬǧƢǬƯȁ ǾƬǼǘǧ ǩƢǸǟƗ ǺǷ ƢǿƾȈǼš ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ Ŗǳơ ǲƟƢǇȂǳơ ǲǰƥ ǹƢǠƬǇơ ƾǬǳ .ƧŚǤǏ ǵơƾƼƬǇơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǹƢǰǷƜƥ ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǺǷ ǍȐŬơ ǲƳƗ ǺǷ ȅǂǼǿ ƨȇǂǜǻ ƤǈƷ ƨȈǫơǂǳơ .ƨǫǂǈǳơ ƨŧǂǳơ ƨǴȈūơ :ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƤǬǴƥ ơƆǂȇƾƳ ȄǬƦȇ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǲƟƢǇȁ ƭȐƯ ǺǷ ƣơǂƬǫȐǳ ǾǼǷ ȄǫǁƗ ǁȁƢǼǷ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳƭȐưǳơ ǲƟƢǇȂǳơ ǵƾƼƬǈȇ ǾǈǨǻ ȅǂǼǿ ǲǰƥ Ƥǿǀǳơ ǒȈƥ ǒȈƦȇ ƱƢƳƽ ńƛ Ǿȇƾȇ Ŀ ǹȂǳȂƸƬȇ ǶĔƛ .ǄȈǴųȍơ ƣǂūơ ȃǂǇƗ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ƨȇǄȈǴųƛ ƧǁƢƴȈǇ ǮǠǷ ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛ : ǶǰǴǔǧ ǺǷ ơȁǂǰǧ .ƨǸǴǰǳơ ŘǠǷ ƨǔȈƥ ǲǯƘȇ ȅǂǼǿ ơȁƗǁ ƧǂǷ Ʃơƿ .ǲǷƢǯ ǵȂȈǳ Ȑ Ɔ ǯƗ ƢȀǴƥƢǬǷ ǀƻƘƫ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǫ ƪǻƗ !ƨȈǬȈǬƷ ƨǫȂǴǈǷ .ǲăȈū ĉ Ƣƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ƢǸȈǧ ƢǼǿ ńƛ .ȅǂǼŮ ǁƢǰƬƷơ Ȇǿ ȅǄȈǴųƛ ǲǏƗ ǺǷ ƩƢȈƳƢŞ ƧǁƢƴƬǳơ ŘƦǷ ƨŧǂǳơ Ȇǿ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ƣȂǴǫ ńƛȁ ǄȈǴųȍơ ƣȂǴǫ ńƛ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ǲƟƢǇȁ Ǻǰǳȁ

104

ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ

ǺǷ ǆȇƾǬǳơ ǹƢȈǘǈƦǈǳ ǦȈǘǴǳơ ǾȇȂǌƬǳơ ǒǠƥ ǾȀƳȁ Ŀ ǦȈǘǳ ǾȀƳȁȁ ȅǂǼǿ ǶǈƳ ŚưǷ ǦǠǔƥ Śǈȇ ǲȀǯ ƶǷȐǷ ƾǠƥ Ǿǳ ƪǈȈǳ ǹƢƬǬȈǸǟȁ ǹơȁơƽȂǇ ǽƢǼȈǟ .17ƢǷȁƽȂǇ ơƆƾȈƳ ǥǂǠȇ Ȃǿ . ǅƢȈǳơ ƧƾǠǷ ǞǷ ƨǻǁƢǬŭƢƥ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ŚǤǏ ǾƫƾǠǷ ǝƢǈƫơȁ ǵơǂƬƷȐǳ ǵƾƼƬǈȇ ǎǐƼƬŭ ƣƢǐǟƗ ƽȁŐƥ ƧƾƟƢǧ ƢȀǼǷ ǎǴƼƬǈȇȁ ǽǀǿ ƨȈǠȈƦǘǳơ ƩơǄȈŭơ ƨŧǂǳơ ǹƗ ƾƳȁ ȅǂǼǿ . ǥƢǌƬǯơ ơǀǿ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀ.ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨǠƟơǁ ƲƟƢƬǼǳơȁ .ƨȈǸǴǟ ǲƟƢǇȁ ǅȂǨǼǳơ Ŀ ƧȂǫ ƽơƽǄƫȁ ƤŸ ƢǸǯ ƪǟǁǃ ơƿƛ ƢǿǁȁǀƳ ƣǂǔƫ ƆƢȈǳȁƗ ƢƆǈƷ ƢȀǨǏȂƥ ƩƢƥǂǔƥ ƆƢǓǁƗ ơȂƷǂǘȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƽƽǂƬȇ ȏ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǮƠǳȁƗ śǷƾǬƬǸǴǳ ƨȈƟơƾƦǳơȁ ƨȈǸȈȀƦǳơ ǹȂȈǷǂǷ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƢǻȂǇȁƾȇ ǹƗȁ ơƿƢŭȁ ƨƥǂǔǳơ ǹȂȀƳȂȇ Ǻŭ ơȂǧǂǠȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƨǔƦǬǳơ Ŀ Ȇǯƿȁ ǾǧƢǌƬǯȏ ƧŚƦǰǳơ ƨȈǴǸǠǳơ ƨǸȈǬǳơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ơƆƾȈƳ ǥǂǠȇ Ȃǿ .ƧȂǫ ȏȁ ǱȂƷ Ȑƥ .ǾūƢǐǳ ǃƢƬŲ ǲǰǌƥ ƢȀǷơƾƼƬǇơ ǥǂǠȇȁ ǾƬǈȇǂǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨƥǂǔƥ ƵǂŸ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇ ǹǂŭơ ǅǂƬǨŭơ ǹơȂȈūơ ǹƗ ƢǸǯ ƧǂǜǼƥ ǁƾǬȇ ǹƗ ȅǂǼǿ ǥǂǠȇ ơǀǰǿ ǾǴǌȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇȁ ȁƾǠǳơ ƾǼǟ ǦǠǔǳơ ǕƢǬǻ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǎƼǋ ǲǯ ńƛ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆȐȈǴǫ ǶǴǰƬȇ .ǾƬȈǐƼǋȁ ǾǷƢǷƗ ȅǀǳơ ǎƼǌǳơ ƧƾƷơȁ ǂŻ ȏȁ ƾȇơǄƬǷ ǦǗƢǠƬƥ ǾȈǳƛ ǞǸƬǈȇ ǂȀƦǼȇ -ǎƼǌǳơ -"ƱƿȂǸǼǳơ"ȁ .ƨƦǇƢǼŭơ ƨǤǴǳƢƥ .ǁƢǸưǳơ ǦǘǬƥ ƗƾƦȇ ŕƷ Śưǯ ƪǫȁ ǂƳƗ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǾǻƗ ǁǂǫ ơƿƛ ǂƴūơ ǺǷ ƢƆƦǴǫ ŕƷ Ƥǈǰȇ ǹƗ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ȅǂǼǿ ƽȂǼƳ .ǾȈƷƢǼƳ ƪŢ ǶȀǸǔȇ ǺŲ ǹȁŚưǯ ƾƳȂȇ ƢǻȂƥ Ŀ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ .ǽƽȂȀŪ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǹƢŭƗ "ǹȂȈǇƢȈǇ" ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƥ ǹȂȈǻơǂǯȁƗ ǹȂȈǈǻǂǧ ǹȂȈǻƾǷ ǱƢǸǟ ǄȈǴųƛ ǾǗƢǌǻ ǱƢů Ǻǰǳȁ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ŕƷȁ ƹƢƦǘǳơ ƩƢǯȂǴƥ ƔƢǇƙǁ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǁȂƬǯƽ .ǾƬƦǣǁ ƤǈƷ ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ǲƻƾȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ȅǂǼǿ .ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ȃǿ ȆǈȈƟǂǳơ ƤǴǗ ƢǸǴǯȁ .ǽƢǬȇƾǏ Ƣŷ ǾǼǟ ǹƢǠǧơƾǷ Ƣŷ ƢŲ ǂưǯƗ ǆȇƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƽȁ ǹȁǂǘȈǇ

ŅƢǘȇȏơ ǆǻƢǈǻǂǳơ ƧǂƬǧ ǺǷ ǵƢǇǁ -ƢǷȁƽȂǇ ƤǬǴŭơ ȆǈƫƢƥ ȂȈǻȂǘǻƗ ňƢƥȂƳ 17 ȏƆ ȂƦǬǷ ƢƆǟȂǓȂǷ ǹƢǯ ǾƫȂǷȁ ǹƢȈǘǈƦǇ ƤȇǀǠƫ .(1549 ńƛ 1477 ǺǷ) ǂƻƘƬŭơ (ǶƳǂƬŭơ) .ƨǴƷǂŭơ ȆǷƢǇǁ ǺǷ ƽƾǠǳ ƢƆƥȂƦŰȁ 105

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǹȂǰƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƩơǂƬǨǳơ Ŀ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ƾȇǂȇ ȅǀǳơ ǶǈǬǳơ Ŀ œǘǳơ ǎƸǨǳơ ńƛ ǾǻȂǴƻƾȇ .ȅǂǼǿ ǱȂǬȇ ƢǸǯ "ƔƢƬǌǳơ Ŀ ǵȂǼǴǳ" ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ƨƦǠǏ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ȅǂǼǿ ƧǁƽƢǻ ƩơǂƬǨǳ ǾǻƗ ȆǠȈƦǘǳơ ǺǷ Ƕđ Ǫưȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǹȁŚưǯ ǅƢǻƗ ƾƳȂȇ Ǿǻȋ ǹȂƯƾƸƬȇ ȏ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ơǀǿ ǞƦǘǳƢƥ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨǫǂǈǳơ-ƨưǳƢưǳơ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ Ŀ Ƥǿǀȇ ǹƗ ǂǘǔȇ .ƨƦǣǂƥ ǾǼǟ Ȇǫ ƔȆǋ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ :ƾȈǨǷ Ǯǳǀǯȁ .ƨƷơǂƬǇȏơ ƨǟƢǇ Ŀ ǾǠǷ ƭƾƸƬǳơ ơƆƾƳ ǀǴŭơ ǺǷ ƧǂƥƢưŭơ ǾƬǬȇǂǘƥ ǾǻƘǌƥ ǂǰǨȇ Ń ƔȆǋ ȏ .ǲȈǏƢǨƬǳơ ǲȈǏƢǨƬƥ ȅǂǼǿ ǾǧǂǠȇ ȏ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƧŚǤǏ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ.ǖƦǔǼǷ ǞǓơȂƬƥ ǾƫơǃƢųƛ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ȃǿ .ƨȈǬǘǼŭơȁ Ŀ ǾǼƥơ Ǻǟ ǾǳƘǇ ƾǬǧ ƤǐƬǤŭơ ǺǷ ƣǂƬǬȇ ǹƗ ƶų ǦȈǯ ǲȈǐǨƬǳƢƥ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ .Ǿǯǁȁ Ƶơǂŝ ǶƬǿơ ƧǁƢȈǈǳơ ńƛ Ƥǿƿ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƨȀƦŪơ .ȆǨǗƢǟ ƣơǂƬǫơȁ ƧǁơǂŞ ǾǿƢš ǆŴ ƆƢǻƢȈƷƗ .ȅǂǼǿ ǞǷ Ʈȇƾūơ ƾȈǨŭơȁ ǀǴŭơ ǺǷ ǆŢ ƪǻƗ ƆƢǻƢȈƷƗ .ƨƦƸŠ ǅƢǈƷȍơȁ ƨǴǏ ƨǷƢǫƛ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ śǟ ƨǧǂǗ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨǏƢŬơ ǾƬȈǐƼǌǳ ƨǠƳȂŭơ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ƨȈǨǴŬƢƥ ƵȂǓȂƥ ȅǂǼǿ ƢǿƾǠƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ǅǂƬǨǷ ǹơȂȈƷ ńƛ ǱȂƸƬȇȁ ǾȈƬǨǋ ȄǴǟ ƾǸƴƬƫ ƨǼȇǄūơ ǾƬǷƢǈƬƥơ j'ai quelque chose à faire…j'ai ...ƣƽƘƥ ƵƢǸǈǳơ ƤǴǘȇ ǝơǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƾȈǐǳơ ...Ŀ ǾǴǯ ǩǂǤȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ...18 quelqu'un à voir

ǲưǷ ǵȂȀǨǷ Śǣȁ ƢƆȇǁƢǟ ǺȇǂƻȊǳ ơƆƽȁƾǳ ơƆȁƾǟ Ǿƫơƿ ǲƻơƽ ƢƆǷȂǸǴǷ ƆƢǬǴǤǷ ƆơƾȈǠƥ .ŉƾǬǳơ ƾȀǠǳơ ƣƢƬǯ ǺǷ ƨŻƾǬǳơ ȄǠǧȋơ řǻƗ ƆƢǔǷƢǣ ơƆǁȂǠǋ ƆƢǸƟơƽ Ŀ Ɛ ƪǬƥƗ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨȈƦǴǬǳơ ŕƷ ȅǂƬǿ ǞǷ ƨƯƽƢŰ ǲǯ ǽǂǜǻ Ŀ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ƤǈƷƗ Ń ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ ǆƷƗ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ řǻƗ Ǯǌǳơ ĺ ǚǬȈƬǇơȁ ĄƪǷǄĄǿ .ǽƽƢȈǇƗ ƾȇ Ŀ ƧơƽƗ ǲƥ

.ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ȃǁƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǻƗ .ƢǷ ƢƆÅƠȈǋ ǲǠǧƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 106

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ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢǈǳơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼǳơ

ǖŶ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ǥǂǟƗ ŕƷ ơƆŚưǯ ǞǧƽƗ ǹƗ ƾǠƬǈǷ . ǵȂȈǳơ ńƛ ȆƷ ȅǂǼǿ ǹƗ ǥǂǟƗ .ƨȈǻƢƯ ǽơǁȋ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ƾȇǁƗ ȏ řǰǳȁ ǂƷ ǹƢǈǻƜǯ ǾƫƢȈƷ

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ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ ǺǷ ƢƆǻȂǰǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǑȁǂǨŭơ ǺǷ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ȄǸǈŭơ 98 ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ Ŀ ǑơǂǠƬǇȏơ ƨƷƢǇ Ŀ ƪǠǸƬƳơ ǾƬǷƢǫƛ Ǻǟ Ȇũǂǳơ ǹƢȈƦǳơ ǂǌǻ ǵȂȇ Ŀ .śȈǏƢǐƬƻơ .ƾȇƾŪơ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǱȂƷ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ ǂǌǟ ƨǈŨ ŅơȂƷ ƨǟȂǸů ȅƽƢǷǁ ǂƴǧ ǵǂů ȅƗ "ǂǔƻƗ ȆƯȐƯ" ƢǼƬǳƢƦǫ ǦǬȇ ƆƢǔȇƗ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ :Ǳȁȋơ ǶǿȂǳơ ǂċƴǨƫ ȏƆ ƢƷ ƨǼȀǷ ƤƷƢǏ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ǹƗ ƾǬƬǠȇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ǲǸǠǳơ ǂȇƾǷ .řȀǷ ǹȂǰƫ ǾƬƥȂƳƗ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƤȈŸ ȏ Ȃǿ .ǾǠǷ Ʈȇƾūơ ƨǳȁƢƄ ƾȀŪơ Ǳǀƥ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ .ƨȈũǁ Ŀ ƨȇǄǠƬǳơ ǺǷ ǲȈǴǬǳơ ƽƢŸơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ .ƩƢƥǂǔǳơȁ ƩƢǘƦǴǳơ ǺǷ ǲƥơȁ ƢȀǠǷȁ ƨƻǁƢǏ .ƢƆȈƦǈǻ ƧŚǐǫ ǾƬǷƢǫȁ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ Ȑ Ɔ ȈŦ ǆȈǳ ȅǀǳơ ǾǸǈƳ ŘƦǷ ǱȂƷ Ǯǌǳơ ǺǷ ǲǛ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ń ƆƢȇȂǤǳ ƨǨȈǠǔǳơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ Ƥǘƻ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǺǛ ơƿƛ Ƕǰȇǂȇ ǥȂǇ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƆƢǼǈƷ ǹȂȇȁƢǸȈǰǳơ ǶƬǻƗ ơǀǰǿȁ :ǾƬȈǐƼǋ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǲƦǫȁ .ƢƆǌƷƢǧ ƘƆǘƻ ƔȆǘű ǾǻƜǧ ǹƾǟ ƨǼƳ ńƛ ǲƻƾȇ ǥȂǇ ǾǻƗ ǲǬǼǳ ƆƢȇƽƢǟ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ȏƐ ƛ ǹȂǰȇ Ǻǳ 98 ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ƱƢƬǻȍơ ƗƾƦȇ ǹƗ ńƛ :ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǹȂǰȇ ƾƷƗ ǺǛ ơƿƛ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ƾȇǁȂǴǯ ǵȂȇǄȈǼǣƢǷ ǹǄű Ŀ ǲǤƬǌȈǇȁ ǺƸǌǳơ ƩơǁƢȈǇ ƢǼǻƜǧ Reichsdeutscher Ǳơ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƾǐǬǻ Ǿǟƾź ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƢƆǨǬưǷ ǾǻȂǰǳ ǾǻƗ ňƢŭȋơ ƾȇƾȀƬǳơ ƨǯǂŞ ǾǠƦǏƛ ǭǂŹ ǥȂǇ Ǯǳƿ ǱȂǬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .Ƕǰȇǂȇ Ȃǿ :Ǿǳ ǱȂǬǻ Ŀ ơȂǨǬȈǴǧ Ɣȏƚǿ ǲưǷ ƾƎƳȁĄ ơƿƛ Ǿǟơƾƻ Ŀ ƶƴǼȈǇ ǾǻƘƥ ƾƷƗ ǺǼǜȇ ȏ .ȅƾȈǴǬƬǳơ ƧƽƢǈǳơ ƢȀȇƗ ǹƢƸƬǷơ ǭƢǼǿ :ơȂǧǂǠȈǴǧ ƨǬȈǬƷ śȈƟƢȈǸȈǯ ơȂǈȈǳȁ ƾȇƾŪơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ ƔƢǸǴǠǳơ ǁƢƦǯ ǲƦǫ ǺǷ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǼƸƬŻ .ƨƦȇǂǬǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ ǹƢƸƬǷơ ƽǂů ǆȈǳȁ .ǆƬȈƦǻƢǧ ǅƾǼȀŭơ ǁȂƬǯƾǳơȁ ƪǈƥȁǂƥ ǁȂƬǯƾǳơ ǺƳƢǿ ǁȂƬǯƾǳơ ǶǈǬǳơ ǀǼǷ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ƢǼǬǴǘǻơ 97ȁ 96 ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ƆȐȇȂǗ ƢƆƬǫȁ ƢǼǠȈǓ ƾǬǳ "ļƽƢǇ" ǹȉơȁ .Ǿȇǂȇ ǥȂǇ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƧŚƫȂǳƢƥ ǵƾǬƬȇ ȏ ǺăǷȁ !ǉǁƢǷ ơȂǷƾǬƫ ơǀǰǿȁ .ǺǷǃ 108

ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ

.ǅƛ .ǅȎǳ ƨƦǫơǂŭơ ƨǘǬǻȁ ƨȈǬȈǇȂŭơ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ƣǂǬƥ ǂŶȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ Ʊǂŵ ǺŴ ǶǈŪƢƥ ǹƢƬǬǐƬǴǷ ǹơƾȈǳơ ƾȈǳơ Ŀ ƨǠƦǬǳơ ƩƢȈǇƢŨ Ŀ ǂƻȉơ Ɣơǁȁ ơƆƾƷơȁ Śǈǻ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƨƯȐƯ ƨƯȐƯ ǹȂǨǘǐȇ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ .ǵȐǰǳơ ǝȂǼŲ ǹƢǟȂǧǂǷ ǅƗǂǳơȁ ǪǼǠǳơ ǥȏƕ Ƨǂǌǟ ǁȂǔŞ ƨƴǔǳơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǵȐǰǳơ ǒǠƥ ǱƽƢƦƫ ǺǰŻ .ƨȈƦǌŬơ ƤȈǫƢƦǬǳơ ƱơȁǃƗ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ ƨưǳƢƯ ƨǼǇ ȆǠǷƢƳ ƤǳƢǗ ƩŐǳƗ Śǈȇ œǻƢŝ ǹȂȇȁƢǸȈǰǳơ ƔƢǔǟƗ Ƕǿ ǺăǷ ƪǿƢƥ ƆơƾƳ ƢƆƥƢǋ ȁƾƦȇ ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ǽǁƗ Ń ȅǁƢǈȇ ǺǷ ƮǳƢưǳơ ƆƢǠǷ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ ƢǼƸų ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺǷ śǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ǅƢǻȋ ǽȂƳȁ ƨƯȐƯ ȆǷƢǷƗ .śȇƾǼǳȂŮơ Ƕǫǁ Ǿǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ƾȈǌǳơ ǞǷ ȅǂǜǻ ǱȂƷƗ ƢǻƗ ǁǀƷ Ŀ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǪǴƷǄƫƗ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ ƢǻƗȁ ƔơǁȂǳơ ńƛ ǂǜǼǳơ ŚǘŬơ .ǂǻǃȁȐǯ ǆȇƗ ǾƳȁ ȃǁƗȁ ƨǜƸǴǳ ơƆƾȈƳ Ƥǫơǂƫ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ǹȋ ǂǗơȂŬơ Ŀ ǩǂǤƫ ǹƗ ǮǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳ ȆǌŤ ǮǻƗ ƢŭƢǗ ǮƥƢǬƦǫ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŢ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƪǻƗȁ ǮǷƢǷƗ ǹȂƳǂǠȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƤȈǫƢƦǫ ȄǴǟ ǅȁƾƫ ȏ ǹƗ ǹƗ ǂƫȂƬǷ ǖƻ Ǻǟ ǄǨǬƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ .ǭƔơǁȁ ƱċǂǠǳơ ƤƦǈƥ ƪǴǨȇ ȏ ƮȈŞ ƩŐǟ řǻȋ ƽȂƳȂǷ ƢǻƗ ǺȇƗ ǶȀǨǳơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ƢǻƗ ǮǫǂǤȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƔƢǷ ǩȂǧ ǺǷ ǄǨǬƫ :ƩŐǳȋ ǺǴǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ǹǃƢƼŭơ ǝǁƢǋ h- strasse ƢǼǿ .ǪƥƢǈǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ǞǷ ƢǼǿ ƧƾƷơȁ ƪǈȈǳ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ƾȇǁȂǴǰǳơ-ǵȂȇǄȈǼǣƢŭơ ǹǃƢű ńƛ ǹȂƦǿơƿ ƢǼǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ǶȀǟăƾƻĉ ǺǷ ǲǸǠȇ ƢǼǿ .ǽƢšơ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƨȇȂǫ ƨƸƟơǁ .ƤǗǁ ȂƦǫ ǲƻơƽ ńƛ ǱǄǼǻ ƢǼǴǏȁ ǺǷ ǅƢȈǯȋơ ǹȂǣǂǨȇ ƨǠƥǁƗ . ƩƢǟȂǸů ƭȐƯ ńƛ ƢǼǸǈǬȇ ȂǧƢǰǳơ .ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ƢǻƗȁ ƩŐǳƗ ǺȇŚƻȋơ śƥ .ǹǄƼŭơ Ŀ ƢĔȂƦƫǂȇ ƨǠƥǁƗȁ ƢǼǿ ńƛ ƢĔȂǴǬǼȇ ƨǠƦǇȁ ƩƢƥǂǠǳơ .ȅƾǼǳȂŮơȁ ǆȇơ .ǹȂǼĐơ ǾǸǴƷ ȏƐ ƛ ǆȈǳ ǆǰȈǳƗ ǵȐǯ ǹƗ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼǳ ơƾƥ .ǵȐǰǳơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǆƦǴƫ Ŗǳơȁ ƨǫȂǴŰ ƢȀŦƢŦ Ŗǳơ ƨǴǿơǀǳơ ǽȂƳȂǳơ ǺăƸƬăǸą Ąȇ ǺĈǷ !ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ Ŀ ǹƢƸƬǷơ .ƢƆǠƦǗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴǳƢƥ ǺăƸƬăǸą ǻĄ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȈǇ .ǁƢǠǳơ ƢǼǳ ƤƦǈƫ ƨǠǫǂǷ ƨǫǄŲ ǆƥȐǷ 109

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ȏ ǹƗ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǥȂŬơ ǺǷ Ǧšǂǻ ȅǁȉơ ǩąǂǠĉ ǳơ ǺǷ ǁȂƬǯƽ ƨȀƳơȂǷ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ ƆƢǼȈǬȇȁ ǖȈƼǸƬǴǳ ǵǁƢŰ ǮǴŶ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǥǂǠȇ Ń ǁȂƬǯƾǳơ ƢŠǁ .Ǧǻȋơ ǦȈǜǼƫ ȄǴǟ ǁƾǬǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǭǂƸƬǻ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ƶƴǼǻ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ .ơƿƢŭ Ǿǳ ǂǈǨƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ Śǣ ǹȂǰȈǇ ǺǷ ƨưǠƦǼŭơ ƨǼƬǼǳơ ƨƸƟơǂǳƢƥ ǆŹ ƢƆǠƦǗ ǁȂƬǯƾǳơȁ .ƢǼǬȇƢǔȇ ǝȂŪơ ǶƟơƾǳơ ƢǼǬǧơǂǷ ǹȉơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢǼǿ ƢǼƯȂǰŭ ńȁȋơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ ƨƷơǂǴǳ ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ƢǼȈǘǠȇ ȏ ǺǨǠǳơ ơǀǿ ƢǻƽƢǈƳƗ .ƢƆȈƟǄƳ ƹȂƦǘŭơ ǥȂǨǴŭơȁ ƪǨǴǳơ ƨƸƟơǁ ƢǼǈǨǻƗ ƢǼǸǜǻ ƨƳƢƷ ǭƢǼǿ ƆƢǬƷ ƢŠǁȁ .ǁȂǷȋơ ǱƢƷ Ȇǿ ơǀǰǿ ƢŠǁȁ ǂǻǃȁȐǯ ǂǰǨȇ ơǀǰǿ ƢƆǬƷ ƧƾȇƾƳ Ƨǂȇǂǋ ƢǷ ƧǁȁƢǼǷ ȏƐ ƛ ǂǷȋơ ǆȈǴǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷ ƢŠǁ ȁƗ ǹƢŭȌǳ śȈƟƢȈǸȈǯ ńƛ ƨƦǠǳ ȏƐ ƛ ǆȈǳ ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ǹƗ ǹȂǈŹ ȏƗ .pour faire chier les Juifs 19 ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƨǬȈǬūơ ŃƢǟ Ŀ ǦǬƫ ƧƾƷơȂǳơ ǶȀǴƳǁ ǅƢǻȋ ǪǘǼŭơ ƨŻƾǟ ƨȈǌƷȁ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ǭƢǼǿ .ǺƸǐǳơ ǲǨǇƗ řȇǂĄȇ ǂǻǃȁȐǯ ǺȇƗ ńƛ ǁƢǜƬǻȏơ ƤƦǈƥ ȆǟȂǳơ ơȁƾǬǧ :ǂǻǃȁȐǯ ƤƬǯ .ƢǻƔƢũƗ ƢǼǴƴǇ Ƣǻơȁ ƩŐǳƗȁ ȆǐƼǌǳơ ǶȀǸǫǁ ǹȂǴƴǈȇ Ne pas chercher à comprendre

20

Ǯǳƿ ǱȂƷ ǂǰǨǻ ǹƗ ƶƴǼǻ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǞǷ .ǃǂǨǳơ ƾǼǟ ƢǼƬȇƢĔ ǹƗ śǬȈƥ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ǾƦǋ ǾǻƗ ƆơƾȈƳ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ƾǟƢƦƬǷȁ Ƥȇǂǣ ǲǰǌƥȁ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ ǪƟƢǫƽ Ƨƾǟ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ȅƾǈƳȁ ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ȇű ǲǤǋƗ ƪǳǃ ƢǷ ƢǻƗ .ƽȂǸǐǳơ ǺǷ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ǻǳ ƢǼǻƗ ƾǯƚǷ ƨǻƢǰŠ ȄǜƷƗ ǹƗ ƪƸų řǻƗ Ņ ƶǓơȁ ǹȉơ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǺǷ ǝǂǇƗ ƧŚƫȂƥ ǵƾȀƬȇ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ Ŀ ƤǇǁƗ Ń ơƿƛ ǖǬǧ ȄǜƷƗ ȆǏƢǐƬƻơ ƨǻƢǰŠȁ ȂųƗ ƾǬǧ "ȆǏƢǐƬƻơ" řǻƜǧ ǁȂǘǈǳơ ǽǀǿ ƤƬǯƗȁ ƨǳȁƢǘǳơ ƤǻƢŝ ǆǳƢƳ ƢǻƗȁ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ ƔƢũ ƪŢ ǵȂȈǳơ .ǲǠǨǳƢƥȁ ƆƢǬƷ ƩǂƳ ƢǼǿ ƢȀǐǬǻ Ŗǳơ ǁȂǷȋơ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ƪǈǳ

ǶȀǴȈǗƢǼƥ Ŀ ơȁƙǂź ǹƗ ńƛ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǦȈŵ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 19 .ǶȀǨƫ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŢ ȏ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 110

20

ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ

ƢǼȈǴǟ ŐǠƫ Ȇǿȁ ƆơƾƳ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƪǻƢǯ .ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ ƨƦǟǂǷ ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ ƩǂǷ Ŀ ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ǵƢȈǬƥ ǹȂǼǷƚȇ ơȁƽȂǠȇ Ń ǲǰǳơ .ƩŐǟ ƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ơƆƾƳ ƧŚǐǫȁ . ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ .ƢǼǿ ƨȈǼȈƫȁǂǳơ ƨǬȇǂǘǳƢƥ ơȂǨƬƻơ ƨƯȐƯ .ǖǬǧ ƆȐƳǁ Ƨǂǌǟ ƢǼƯơ ȆǬƥ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń ƨǈŨ Ƨǂǌǟ řƯȍơ ǺǷ .ƽƢǷǂǳơ řǯƢǇ śƥ ƢŠǁ ƧǁȁƢĐơ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƢŠǁ .ǶŮ ƨǬƥƢǈǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ńƛ ơȁƽȂǠȇ ǹƗ ǆǰȈǳƗ ǺǷ ơȂƦǴǗ ƨǈǸŬơ ǲǯ .śȈƟƢȈǸȈǯ ǺăǷ ǥȁǂǠǷ ǆȈǳ ǁǂǫ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƤȈƴǠǳơ ƤƴǠǳơ ơȁǂǜǻơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢǿȁǀƻƗ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ .ƧƾǟƢǈǷ ƧȂǬǯ ǹȂȈƟƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ ȄǬƦȇ ǹƗ ǹƗ ńƛ ƢǻȂǟƾȇȁ ƾȇǁȂǴǯ-ǵȂȇǄȈǼǣƢŭƢƥ ƨǬǴǠƬŭơ ƢǼȈƬǻƢǰǳơ ǺǷ ƧƘƴǧ Ʊǂź ǆǰȈǳƗ ǵƾǬƬǻ ǺŴ ƨƳƢƳƾǳơ Ɣơǁȁ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ƨǰƸǔǷ ƹơǂǧ ƨǈŨ ǲưǷ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ńƛ Ƥǿǀǻ ǦǬǻ ƧŚǤǏ ƨƷƢǈǷ ńƛ ǲǐǻ .ƤƬǰŭơ ńƛ Ʊǁƾǳơ ƾǠǐǻȁ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƣƢǬǟƗ Ŀ ǺǸź ǆǰȈǳƗ .ƧǁȂȀǌŭơ ƔƢũȋƗ ƨƯȐƯ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƣȂƬǰǷ ƨǘǧƢȇ ǾȈǴǟ ȅǀǳơ ƣƢƦǳơ ǲƥƢǬǷ Ruhe, :ƽȂǠȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƢǼǻơƿƕ ńƛ ǲǐȇ ǦȈǠǓ ƩȂǏ ǲƻƾȇȁ ǾƬǠƦǫ ǞǴź ƣƽƘƥ .ơȁǂǜƬǻơ .ơȂƬǸǏơ ǹȉơ . .jetzt. Warten ńƛ ƨǌǧơƾŭơ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ ƨǳȂȀǈƥ ǂŻ ƪǫȂǳơ ǂǜƬǼǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ơƆƾƳ ǹȂǓơǁ ǺŴ .ƪǫȂǳơ ǂŻ ŕƷ ƽȂȀŪơ Ǳǀƥ ƤŸȁ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǵƾǬƬƫ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǲǯ ǲǸǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ǵƢǷȋơ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ ǺŴ .ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǷ ƢƆƥȂǴǘǷ ǹȂǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹȂǓơǁ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǺŴ .ǭǂƸƬƫ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƨǨǫơȂǳơ ǃȂƴǠǳơ ƤǯƢǼǠǳơ ǲưǷ ƢǼǇơȂƷ ƤǠƬȇ ǲǸǟ ȅƗ ǹȁƾƥ .śƬǯƢǇ ƢǼǈǳ ǺŴȁ .ƢǼǯǂŹ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǂŻ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ǭǂƸƬȇ œǐǟ ǆǰȈǳƗ ǺǷ ƢȈǇȁǁ ǺǷ ƔƢƳ "ƣơǁ" Ȃǿ ȅƾǻȂǷ .ƨȈƦǐǟ ƩƢǷȐǟ ȅƾƦȇ ȏ ȅƾǻȂǷ ǖǬǧ ȄǴǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǶȀǼǷ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯȁ ƨǨǴƬű ƩƢȈǷȂǫ ƔƢǼƥƗ ƢƆǠǷ ǊȈǠȇ ǭƢǼǿ ƩƢƥǁƢǰǳơ ƨǬǘǼǷ ňȂȈȀǏ Ȃǿ .ơƆƾƳ ƧŚưǯ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǥǂǠȇ .ƩƢǤǳ ǞƦǇ ǶǴǰƬȇ ȅƾǻȂǷ ƩƢǤǳ ƭȐƯ ǲǫȋơ ƆƢȈƟƢȈǸȈǯ ǆȈǳ .ǹȂǻƢǬǳơ Ŀ ǁȂƬǯƽ Ȃǿȁ (ǹơǄȈƫǁƢƥ) ƢƆȇǁȂƯ Ȑ Ɔ ƫƢǬǷ ǹƢǯ ȅȂǤǳ ǖȈǌǻ .ơƆƾƳ ǶȈǰƷȁ ǝƢƴǋ ƨȇƾȇƾƷ Ƨƽơǁƛ ȁƿ ƨǷƢǬǳơ Śǐǫ ǾǜƷ ƣǂŸ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ǾǼǰǳȁ

111

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ƢǼǳǃ ƢǷ ƢǼǻƗ ǺȇƾǯƘƬǷ ƢǼǈǳ .ǾȈǴǟ ǹȂǸƴȀȇ ǲǰǳơ .ǍƢǏǁ ǶǴǫ ƾƳȂȇ ȐȈƦǳ Kohlenwasserstoffe,

21

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ǹƗ

ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ śǻơȂǬǳ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƔƢũȋơ ȂǴǠƫ ļǂǯơƿ Ŀ . Massenwirkungsgesetz ńƛ ƆơƾȈƳ ǲǸǠȇ Ǳơǃ ƢǷȁ řź Ń ȅǀǳơ ȆƼŭ ǂǰǌǳƢƥ ǺȇƾǷ ƢǻƗ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢƦȈǯǂƬǳơȁ .ƨȈƷȁǂǳơ ƢȇƢǔǬǳƢƥ ƢƆȈǴǯ ƆƢƦȇǂǬƫ ǾǳƢǸǠƬǇơ Ǻǟ ƪǨǫȂƫ řǻƗ ƾƷ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ƾǷ œǻƢƳ ńƛ Ǧǫȁ .ơǀǿ ǆǰȈǳƗȁ ŅƢǷ ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ ƢǻƗ .ƣǂƬǬȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ ńƛ śƫȂǘƻ ǞƳơǂƬȇ ƧȂǬƥ ǾƬƥǂȇȁ ȆǇƗǁ ȄǴǟ ơƆƽƾů ƢȀǠǔȇ Ľ ŖǠƦǫ ǞǴź ǾǬǼǟ Was für ǶƬǸƬȇȁ ǹƢǧǂǬǳơ ŚƦǠƬƥ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƾǠƬƦȇ .ǾƷȐǏƛ ƲƟƢƬǻ ȃǂȇ Ȇǰǳ ƔơǁȂǳơ ƣƢƦǳơ !ƨȈǬǳ Ǿǻƛ ƢǼǿ ǲǸǠȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǹƢŭǄǷ ȅƗ ein Muselmann Zugang ƢǻƗ .ȏ ǞƥƢǈǳơ .śƸǋǂǷ ƨƬǇ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ơǀǿ ơȂǐƸǨȇ ǹƗ ơȁǁǂǫ ƨƯȐưǳơ ƧǂƫƢǯƾǳơ .ƶƬǨǼȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ .ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ .ǞȈǸŪơ śƥ Őǯȋơ Ȃǿ ȆǐƼǌǳơ ȆǸǫǁ .ǞƥƢǈǳơ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǀƻƕ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳ !ƔȆǇ ǚƷ ȅƗ .ǂȀǜǳơ ƾǠƥ ňǀƻƘȇ ƔƢƳ ."ǹȂǳƘǈȇ ƨǴƠǇƗ ƨȇƗ"ǎƸǨǳ Ņƛ ǂǜǼȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ Ŀ .Ņ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ƨǬȈǬūơ ƨǟƢǇ Ȇǿ Ǯǋ ǹȁƾƥ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ ŅƢǘȇơ řǻȋ řǿǂǰȇ Ȃǿ .ǆƟƢƦǳơ ȅǂǜǼǷ Ǻǟ ȏƆ ȁƚǈǷ ǾǈǨǻ ŐƬǠȇ ǾǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ƤǔǤƥ .ǾǴȈţ ȅǀǳơ ȆƟơƾƦǳơ ǲƳǂǳơ Ǻǟ ơƆƾǠƥ ǂưǯȋơ ƢǻƗ ǾƬǫǂǧ Ŀ řǻȋȁ ȅƽȂȀȇ řǻȋ ǾǻƜǧ Ǿƥ ǄƬǠȇ ȅǀǳơ ǪǴǘŭơ ǾǴȀƳ Ŀ ƢȀǴȈţ Ŗǳơ ƧǁȂǐǳơ ȄǴǟ ƤȈƫǂƫ ǺǷ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ŐǟƗ ǹƗ Ņ ǲǷƗ ȏ ǾǻƗ ƾǯƘƬǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǽƾȇ Ŀ ƨǠƦǬǳơȁ ǆǰȈǳƗ .ǊƬǧȂǻƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƾǳơ ǖǬǧ ƾƳȂȇ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀ .ǲƻƾǻ ƶƦǏƗ Ȃǿ Ƣǿȁ ǂȀǋƗ ƨƯȐƯ ǲƦǫ ǖǬǧ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƔƢƳ ŅƢǘȇơ .ǆǸŮƢƥ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǾǠǷ Ŀ Ǯǌȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ Ȃǿ Ǻǰǳȁ Er sagt er ist Chemiker22 ƩȂƥƢǯ Ǧǐǻ

.ǂǷȋơ ƨȈǸƸǧ ƩȏƢǬŭơ ŚƯƘƫ ǹȂǻƢǫ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 21 .ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ ǾǻƗ ǱȂǬȇ Ȃǿ ǱȂǬȇ : ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 22 112

ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ

ǲưǷ ǆƷƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢƆƦǻƢƳ ƢŮȂŹȁ ƩƢǜƷȐŭơ ŉƾǬƫ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƬȇ ǊƬȈǧȂǻƢƥ ǁȂƬǯƾǳơ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨƸǓơȁ ȅǁƢǰǧƗ .ǆǰǼǨǈǳơ ǵƢǷƗ ǦǬȇ ȅǀǳơ ǅȂƦȇƽƌƗ ǹƗ ȅȂǫ Ǟǧơƾƥ ǆƷƗ ƢǻƗ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ȅŚǐǷ ǞǓȁ ǵƢǷƗ ǦǫƗ řǻƗ Ņ ƶǓơȂǳơ ǺǷ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ǺǷ ƣǂǿƗ ǹƗ ȆǨƬƻƗ ǾƳȂǳơ ƨƦȈǯǂƫȁ ǹơȂǳȋơ ǾǨǻƗȁ ǽǂǠǋ ǽƢǼȈǟ ǂǠǌǳơ ƶƫƢǧ ǲȈŴ ǲƳǁ Ȃǿ ǊƬȈǧȂǻƢǧ ƢǻƗ .ƨǠǇơȁ ƨƥƢƬǯ ƨǳȁƢǗ Ɣơǁȁ ƨǬưƥ ǆǴŸ .ȅǁȉơ ǩąǂǠĉ ǳơ Ǻƥơ ƾǼǟ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǸǯ Ŀ ǞǷȏ ǦȈǜǻ ƤƫǂǷ Ǿũơ ǪƸƬǈȇ ŐƬű ǽŐƬű Ŀ ǦǫƗ 174517 Ƕǫǁ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ƨƥƢƬǰǳơ ȄĔƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƨƼǇȁ ƨǸǐƥ ȆǬƥƗ ǾƬǈǈǷ ơƿƛ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀ ǾǻƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ ǾƟƢǬǻ .Ņƛ ǂǜǻȁ ǾȈǼȈǟ Ǟǧǁ ƪǳƘǇ ƨǨǴƬű ǱƢǰǋƘƥȁ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƩơǂǷ ǊƬȈǧȂǻƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƾǳƢƥ Ʃǂǰǧ ǵȂȈǳơ Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ .ňƢŭƗ -ȁƾǼŮơ ǩąǂǠĉ Ǵǳ ƢƆǼƥơ ǾǻȂǯ ǶǰŞ ǆȈǳ ǶǈǬǳơ ƱǁƢƻ ǾƬǫȁ Ȅǔǫ ǦȈǯ ȆǈǨǻ ǲƥ ǵƢǬƬǻȏơ ǥƾđ ǆȈǳ .ǁǂƸƬǳơ ƾǠƥ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ǾȈǬƬǳƗ ǹƗ ƩƽǁƗ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ .ǹƢǈǻƛ ǝȐǘƬǇơ .Ŀ ō ȅǀǳơ ǝȐǘƬǇȏơ ƤƷ ƤƦǈƥ ƢŶƘǯ ȆĈ Ǵǟ ƩǂǷ ƧǂǜǼǳơ .ǹƢǈǻƛ ńƛ ǹƢǈǻƛ Ƨǂǜǻ Ǻǰƫ Ń ȆĈ Ǵǟ ƩǂǷ Ŗǳơ ƧǂǜǼǳơ ǹȋ ƨȈǿƢǷ ǂǈǧƗ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ Ȃǳ ǂƻƕ ŃƢǟ ǺǷ ǩȂǴű ńƛ ǂǜǻ Ȃǿ ƢŶƘǯ .ƨƳƢƳǃ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ śǬȈƥ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƧǂǜǼǳơ ǽǀǿ ƨȈǿƢǷ ǂǈǧƗ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ śǬȈƥ ƢǿƾǼǟ ƪǼǯ ƧǂǜǼǳơ ǮǴƫ .ƮǳƢưǳơ ƺȇơǂǴǳ ŚƦǰǳơ ǹȂǼŪơ ƨȈǿƢǷ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǂǈǧƗ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ ƢȀȈǧ Ƣǻǂǰǧ ƢȇƢǔǬƥ ǂǋƢƦǷ Śǣ ǲǰǌƥ ƨǜƷȐŭơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ Ǟǧƾȇ ȅǀǳơ ƔƢǫǁǄǳơ ǹȂȈǠǳơ ǽǀǿ Ɣơǁȁ ȅǀǳơ ǲǬǠǳơ .ǶȀǼǟ ƢǿƢǼǴǫ ǁȂǷƘƥ ǹƢŭȋơ Ǻǟ ǹȁƾƥ ƽƢƦȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǝȂǼǳ ǞƥƢƫ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ ȅǀǳơ ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ" :ǂǰǧ ƢŠǁ ǽǀǿ ƨǴǳƾŭơ ȅƾȇȋơ ǹƢǯ ƢƆȇƗ ǅƢǇƗ ǲȈǐǨƬǳơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǺǷ ƾǯƘƬǳơ ƤŸ Ǻǰǳȁ .Ǯǋ ŇƽƗ ǹȁǂȇǂǋ ƶƫƢǨǳơ ǂǠǌǳơȁ ƔƢǫǁǄǳơ ǹȂȈǠǳơ :ǂǗơȂŬơ ƩǂǗƢǬƫ ȆǇƗǁ Ŀȁ ."ǽƿƢǬǻƛ ǺǰŻ ƔƢȈǸȈǯ Ŀ ŚƦƻ ƢǻƗ ǶƳƢǼŭơ ƔƢȈǸȈǯ Ŀ ŚƦƻ ƢǻƗ .ǶȀǠǷ ǑȁƢǨƬǳơ ǺǰŻ ȏ .ǶȀǠƦǘƥ ."... ŚƦƻ ƢǻƗ ǶƳƢǼŭơ

113

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǑǂǠȇ ǾǸǧ Ǻǟ Ǧǌǰȇȁ ƣƔƢưƬȇ .ǾƬȇȁơǃ Ŀ ǦǬȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǪȈǬƸƬǳơ Ɨƾƥȁ .ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀ ƮǳƢưǳơ ňơȂȈūơ ǆǼŪơ ǅƾǼȀŭơ ƾďȈǈǴǳ ,Sie ŚǸǔǳƢƥ ȆǠǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ " Wo sind Sie geboren23 ǹƢǯ ƢǸȀǷ ƾȀƳ ȅƘƥ ǵȂǬȇ ȏ !ƢƆǷȂǴǠǷ ǺǰȈǳ .ȆǿƢǰǧ ǆƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳ ǊƬǧȂǻƢǧ .ƨǘȈǈƦǳơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ȆǠǷ ǵȐǰǴǳ ƆƢǘȈǈƥ summa cum ǃƢƬŲ ǂȇƾǬƬƥ.1941 ƨǼǇ ȂǼȇǁȂǗ Ŀ ǾȈǴǟ ƪǴǐƷ œǬǳ" ȅƾȇ ńƛ Ƨǂǜǻ ȆǨǰƫ ƆȐǠǧȁ .řǫƾǐȇ ȏ ǲƳǂǳơ ǹƗ ǆƷƗȁ ǶǴǰƫƗ ƢǻƗ ""laude ȏ ƢǻƘǧ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǞǷȁ .ǾǈƦǳƗ ȅǀǳơ ƺǇȂǳơ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ǹȂǴǘǼƥȁ śƬƷȁǂĐơȁ śƫǁǀǬǳơ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ǲǯ ļƢȇǂǯƿ ǺǷ ǲǌƬǻƗ ǹƗ ƶųƗ řǻƗ řƠƳƢǨȇ ƢŲ Ǿǻȋ Ȃǿ řǻƗ ǮǋƗ ƧƾǷ ǀǼǷ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ƪǯǂƫ řǻƗ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨȇȂǔǠǳơ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ Ŀ Ņ ǥȁǂǠǷ ƩƢǻƢƸƬǷȏơ ǱƢǠǨǻơ .Ņ ơƆƾƳ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƧǁơǂƷ œǴǫ ǹȊŻ ǅƢǸūơȁ ƨǧǂǠŭơ ǂƒǰǇĄ .ƨǴȇȂǗ Ŗǳơ ƨǧǂǠŭơ ǲǯȁ ǪǘǼŭơ ǹȁǄű ƾȈǼš Ŀ ƨǬƟƢǨǳơ ƧǁƾǬŭơ ǮǴƫ .ļƢǻƢƸƬǷơ ŅƢǠǨǻơ .ƨǇơǁƾǳơ Ŀ ȆƟȐǷǃ ƢȀȈǴǟ ňƾǈƷ ƆƢǔȇƗ ŖǷƢǫ ǹƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ Ŀ ō ƨǴǏƘƬŭơ ƨǬưǳơ ǂǟƢǌǷ ǞǷȁ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ƢǻƗ ǮƷƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǻƗ .ƤǬǴǳơ ƩǀƻƗ ǝȂǓȂǷ ȅƗ Ǻǟ řǳƘǈȇ Ȃǿ ǹȉơ .ǃǁȋƢǯ ƤǐƬǼƫ ƢŶƘǯ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƧŚưǯ ǵƢȇƗ ǲƦǫ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ǱȂƷ ǲȈǏƢǨƬǳơ ǲȈǏƢǨƫ ǂǯǀƫƗ ŕƷ ļǂǯơƿ .ǪƥƢǇ ƭƽƢƷ ǂǇ ȆǓƢŭơ ƨǻơǄƻ ǺǷ ǲǌƬǻƗ ǹƗ ƩƽǁƗ ƨǼǷƕ ǾƫƢȈƷ ȅǀǳơ ȅǁȉơ ǩǂĉǠǳơ Ǻƥơ ǂǠǌǳơ ƶƫƢǧ ǲƳǂǳơ .řǟ Ǟǧơƾƫ ƨǔǷƢǣ ƧȂǫ ǆȇǁƾƬǳơ ƣƢƬǯ řȇǂȇȁ ƨȇǄȈǴųȍơ ǥǂǟƗ ƪǼǯ ơƿƛ řǳƘǈȇ .ňƽƾȀȇ ƢŠ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ǶƬȀȇ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ .ƢǼǿ .ǪȇƾǐƬǳơ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ .*******ǹƢǸǗǁƢƳ ǾǠǓȁ ȅǀǳơ Ŗǳơ ƨƼǈǼǴǳ ƢƆǷƢŤ ƨđƢǌǷ ǹƢǸǗǁƢŪ ƨƼǈǻ ƾƳȂƫ ƨǰƟƢǌǳơ ǭȐǇȋơ ǺǷ ǁơƾƴǴǳ !ƨǠǷƢŪơ Ŀ ƨǠƥơǂǳơ ƨǼǈǳơ Ŀ ƪǸǴǠƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŖȈƥ Ŀ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ ȅƾǼǟ ƪǻƢǯ

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ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ

ƢǻƗ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǠǧƽ ƽƾƦƬȇ ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ƪǫȁ ǲǯ řǷǃȏ ȅǀǳơ ǂƯƘƬǳơ .ȄȀƬǻơ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ȅŚǐǷ ǁǂǬƫ Ŗǳơ ǞǗƢǈǳơ ǂǠǌǳơȁ ƶƫƢǨǳơ ƾǴŪơ Ʃơƿ ńƛ ǂǜǻƗ ƔƢǸǰƥ Ƨǂǜǻ ǂǜǻƗ .ƔƢǔȈƥ ƨǫǁȁ ƨƸǨǏ ȄǴǟ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƩƢǷȐǠƥ .ǾƫƽƢȈǫ ƪŢ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƢǻƗ .Ƶǂǈŭơ ǄǯǂǷ ńƛ ƽȂǠȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ !ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ Los, abƨǧǂǠǷ ǵƾǟ ƨǸƬǟ Ŀ ȄǜƷƗ ƢǻƗ ƨǜƸǴǳ .ƨǟǂǈƥ .ƔơǀƷ ƢƆƦǳƢǗ ǊƬȈǧȂǻƢǧ ǵȐǈǳƢƥ ȆȈƷƗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǹȂǳȂǬȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ ƆƢưƦǟ .ƨƦǇƢǼǷ ǞȇƽȂƫ ƨǸǴǯ Ǻǟ ǊƬǧƗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴǳơ ŖȇŐǯ ǒǷƢƷ ǹȂǳȂǬȇ ǦȈǯ Ņ ǥȁǂǠǷ Ǯǳǀǯ ."ǲǸǟƗ" "ǩǂǇƗ" "ǲǯƕ" Ƶǂǘǻ ǦȈǯ ƨǧǂǠǷ ƨȇƗ ȅƾǼǟ ƪǈȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ ƧŚǐǬǳơ ƱơȂǷȌǳ ƾŏǳȂă ǷĄ ȅȂŪơ ǖǤǔǳơ .ƢȈǴǠǳơ ƨǬƦǘǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢǈǻƛ ȄǴǟ ǵȐǈǳơ Ǿǻȋ ƾǴŪơ ǺǷ ƔơǀƷ ȅǀƬŹ Śǘȇ Ȃǿ ƢŶƘǯ ǒǯǂȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ .Ʊǁƾǳơ ȄǴǟ ǱǄǼǻ ńƛ ǂȇǂǋ ƤǔǤƥ ǂǜǼȇȁ ǽǂǜǻ Ǟǧǂȇ ǲǨǇƗ ńƛ ǲǐȇ .ƨǯǂūơ ǞȇǂǇ Ȃǿȁ ƆƢȇƽȂȀȇ ǆȈǳ œǌŬơ ƣƢǬƦǬǳơ ƤƦǈƥ ƨƴǔƥ ǱǄǻƗ ƢǻƗ .Ʊǁƾǳơ ŘƸǼǷ Ŀ ƨǴǋƢǨǳơ ļơȂǘƻ .Ǻǈǳơ Ŀ ǵƾǬƬǷ ǃȂƴǟ ǲưǷ ŚǇƗ ǶƼǔǳơ Ǻǟ ƨȇƢǨǰǳơ ǾȈǧ ƢŠ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢǼǿ ơƆŚƻ ǂǜƬǼȇ œǣ ǖǬǧ Ǻǰǳȁ . ƪƸų řǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ ȏ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥȁ ƨǣǁƢǧ ƩơƔȂƦǼƥ ǪǴǠƬǳơ ǃȂŸ ȏ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟƗ ŕƷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƨǴȈǴǳơ ǹȂǯƗ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǲǸǟ ǵȂȇ ȆǴǟ ǂǷ :ƾǯƚǷ ƔȆǋ ǭƢǼǿ ơǀǿ ǞǷ .ŚŬơ ǞǫȂƫ ǺǰŻ .ȅƾȇ Ŀ ǹȂǸǔǷ ƤǈǰǷ Ȃǿ ǃƢȈƬǷơ ǅȂǸǴǷ ǃƢȈƬǷơ ơǀǿȁ ƆƢǟȂƳ ǲǫƗ ƿȏȂǨǳơ ǲƥơȂǯȁ ƾȇƾūơ ǹƢƦǔǬƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀ ǁȂƦǠǳơ ƤŸ ƧƽȂƦǳơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗ ŕƷ ǺǷ ǄǨǬȇ ŕƷ Ǿƥ ǮǈŻ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ƾǈȇ ƿȏȂǧ ǲƥƢǯ .ƢȀǔǠƥ ǩȂǧ ƧƢǬǴŭơ ȆǠȈƦǗ ǲǰǌƥȁ ƨȈǿơǂǯ ǹȁƾƥ .ǾǬƦǇƗ ƢǻƗ Ǯǳƿ ǱȐƻ .ǽƾȇ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ "ǶǼȀƳ ńƛ" .ǾǫȂǧ ǂȀǜƥ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƾȈǳơ Ǧǰƥ ƪƥǂȇ ƨȇơƾƦǳơ Ŀ .ȅǂȀǛ ȄǴǟ ǽƾȈƥ ƪƥǂȇ ǆǰȈǳƗ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ řǻƗ Ǿǳ ǱƢǫ ơƆƾƷƗ ǹƗ Ȃǳ ƣǂǤƬǈȇ ǹƢǯ ƱƿƢǈǳơȁ ǚǨǳơ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƆơƾȈƳ ǦǜǼȇ Ȃǿ .ƾȈǳơ .ǶȀǴưǷ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ Ƕǿ .ǊƬǧȂǻƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƾǳơȁ Ȃǿ Ǻȇƾǳơ Ņ ƾȈǠȇ ŕƷ ơǀǿ ǾǠǷ ǲǠǧƗ .ǂƻƕ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀȁ ǆƬǨǋȁƗ Ŀ ơȂǻƢǯ ǁƢƦǯȁ ǁƢǤǏ ơȁĈƾǠȇ ǹƗ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ

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ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǁȂǷǄǷ

ǺǷ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǲǏȁ ǂƴǨǳơ ǞǴǘǷ .Ǒǁȋơ ǲƻơƽ ǁȂǸǘǷ ǹơǄƻ Ŀ ǩƢǧǁ ƨƬǇ ƢǼǴǸǟ ȏ ƮȈƷ Ǿǳ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ ǹƢǯ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ƨƦǫ ƪŢ ǆȈǳ ǦȈǜǼƫ ǲǸǟ .ƨǬďȈǔǳơ ǱȂƻƾǳơ ƨƸƬǧ ƧǂƴǼūơ ȌǷȁ śǼȈǠǳơ ȄǌǟƗ Ɨƾǐǳơ ǁƢƦǣ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƢƆƦǗǁȁ ơƆƽǁƢƥ ǹƢǯ ǾǼǰǳȁ .ǾƦǫơǂȇ ǹƢǈǻƛ .ǵƾǳơ ǶǠǘǯ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǹƢǯ ǾǸǠǗȁ ǶǨǳơȁ ƘǨǗƗ ǊƬȇȁƽ .ǱȁǄǼǴǳ ƾǠƬǇơ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ƩǂƫȂƫ ǲƻƾŭơ ǺǷ ƪǳǄǻƗ Ŗǳơ ǱƢƦūơ ǶōǴǇĄ .ǕƢǌǼƥ ƢǐǠǳơ ǞǸų ƢǻƗƾƥ ƢǼǴǯ .ǺȇƽȂȈǇ ǚǬȇƗ ǂǻƾǳȂǣ .ƧǁƢƴȈǈǳơ Ȃǿ ǹƢƳ .ƢǼƥ ƨǏƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢƳ Ǯǳƿ ǹƢǯ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǂȇƾǷ Ǯǳƿ Ǻǰȇ Ń ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ Ŀ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ Ŀ ŕǧȋơ ǺȇǂǌǠǳơȁ ƨǠƥơǂǳơ Ŀ ǅơǄǳȍơ ǺǷ ȆǠǷƢƳ Ƥ ć ǳƢǗ Ǻǟ Ǳȁƚǈŭơ :ǾǴǸǟ .ƭȂǠƦǷ -ǦǛȂǷ ȅƗ ȂǳȂǰȈƦǳơ ƨǨȈǛȁ ǀƻƗ Ǯǳǀǳ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ Ʃơȁƽȋơ ǦȈǜǼƫ Ǻǟȁ ƢȀǷȐƬǇơ Ľ ǲǸǠǳơ ƩơȁƽƗ ƔƢǘǟƛ Ǻǟȁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ƨǧƢǜǻ .ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴǳ ǲǸǠǳơ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǲȈƴǈƫȁ .ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǟ ƢǼǨǫȂƫ ǱǃƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ƢǼƬȇƙǁ ǱƢƷ .ƨǫȐǘƥ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơȁ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ǶǴǰƫ Also, Pikolo, was gibt es Neues?25 Qu'est-ce qu'il y a comme soupe aujourd'hui?26

Ŀ ǊȈǠȇ ȅǀǳơ ǆǈȈǳȂȇ Ǧǐȇ ňơƽ .ȅǂǤȈǳƘȈƬǻơƽ ƾȀǟ Ŀ ƧƾȈǐǫ ńƛ ƧǁƢǋƛ 24 ƤƷȁ ƨŮȉơ Ƨƽơǁƛ ǩǂƻ ƢȀȈǧ ǞǸƬŸ ƨƦƊǯǂă ĄǷ ƨȈǐƼǌƥ ǶǼȀŪ ƨǼǷƢưǳơ ƧǂƟơƾǳơ ǄǯǂǷ Ŀ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǞǓȁȁ ǹƢŻȏơ ƽȁƾƷ ǩǂƬź ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ȅǀǳơ ĿƢǬưǳơ ǝȐǘƬǇȏơ (ǶƳǂƬŭơ) ǆǻƢǈǻǂǳơ ƨǴƷǂŭ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ Ƶȁǂǳơ ńƛ ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǄǷǂȇ ŘǠŭơ ơǀđ .ǹȂǰǳơ ƾȇƾŪơ ƢǷ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ ƾǠƥȁ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ

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ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǁȂǷǄǷ

ƨǳƢƷ ƢǷ ǹŚǘǋ ǺǷ ƨƥǂǓ Ǻȇǂǌǟȁ ǆǸŬơ ǞǷ ơƿƢǷȁ ȂƥƢǰǴǳ ƾƳȂȇ ƱơǄǷ ȅƗ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ƢǷ ňƾŭơ ƺƦǘŭơ ǺǷ Ʊǂţ ƨƸƟơǁ ƨȇƗ ƧƾȇǂƳ Ɨǂǫ ǲǿ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǆǬǘǳơ ǾǻƗ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ ƨǨȈǛȁ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ .ơƆƾƳ ǹƢƳ ơȂƦƷƗ ƆƢǠȈŦ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ƔƢǔǟƗ ǞƦǇ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ǻƥơ ǆȈǳ ƧƽƢǟ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ .ǺǘǼǼǷȁŐǳơ Ŀ ƲȇǁƾƬǳơ ǶōǴǇĄ Ŀ śǨǛȂŭơ ȄǫǁƗ ǺǷ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ǾƬƦǣǁ ƤǈƷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǰŻ ƆƢȇƾǈƳ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ ǲǸǠȇ ȏ Ƨǂǌǟ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ Ǫūơ Ǿǳ "Ǯǳǀǳ" .ǁȂǼƬǳơ ƣǂǫ ǁƢȀǼǳơ ǲǯ ƘǧƾƬȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻȁ ǁƾǬǳơ ǝƢǫ ƢƆȈũǁ ǀƻƘȇ .ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǂǇ ǲƳǁ Śǐȇ ǹƗ ƧŚƦǯ ǾǛȂǜƷȁ Ɣơǀǣ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ƨǧƢǓƛ ǞǷȁ ǂǯƢǷ -ǪȈǋǁ ǾǸǈƳ .ơƆǄȈǸƬǷ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ ǹƢǯ ǹƢƳ .ǲƴǟ ȄǴǟ ƔơǀƷȁ ǆƥȐǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƾǓ ƨȇǂǈǳơȁ ƨȈǐƼǌǳơ ǾƥǂƷ ǑȂź ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ .ƤǴǬǳơ ƤďȈǗȁ ƾďȈƳ Ǯǳƿ ǩȂǬūơ ȆŻƾǟ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ǞǷ ƩƢǫȐǠǳơ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŹ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇ Ǻǰǳȁ ƩȂŭơ ƾǓȁ ǚǧƢŹ Ȃǿ ơǀǰǿȁ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǆǰȈǳƗ ƨǬƯ Ƥǈǰȇ ǹƗ ŚƦǯ ƔƢǯǀƥ ƶų ǹƢƳ .ƧƾƟơǄǳơ .ǾƬǻƢǰǷ ȄǴǟ ǪƦǘǷ ǲȀƳ ƤƦǈƥ ǪǴǤǷ .ǁơƾǣȁ ǦȈǼǟ ǹơȂȈƸǯ ǥǂǐƬȇ .ǽƾȇƾē ǀōǨǻ ǆǰȈǳƗ ǲǯ Ŀ .ǖǴǈƬǳơȁ ƤȇǀǠƬǳơ ǁơǂǇƗ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ǖƥơȂǓ Ȑƥ ǂǘȈǈȇ Ǿǻƛ .ƾȇƾǋ ƔƢƦǣȁ ȄǴǟ ǵȂǇǂŭơ ǂǔƻȋơ ƮǴưŭơ ǃŐȇȁ .ƢƆȈǬǻ ƢƆȇǁƕ ƢƆǷƽ Ǿǫȁǂǟ Ŀ ǹƗ ǃơǄƬǟƢƥ ǺǴǠȇ ƨƦǇƢǼǷ :ǺȇǁǀǬǳơȁ ǝƢȈŪơ śȈƟƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ǾȈǇȁƙǂŠ ǾǧƢǨƼƬǇơ ƆƢǸƟơƽ ǂȀǜȇ .ǽǁƾǏ IhrDoktoren! Ihr Intelligenten !27 ǹȂƸǐǳơ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ Ŀȁ ǊǧơƾƬǻ .ƨƦƳȂǳơ ƪǫȁ Ŀ Ƣǻơǂȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢǼǷ ǂƼǈȇ Ȃǿ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ǞǷȁ ǩƢǨǼƥȁ ƧƔƢǻƾƥ śȈǻƾŭơ ƧƽƢǈǳơ ǞǷ ǲǷƢǠƬȇ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǀƻƘǼǳ ǵƢǷȋơ ńƛ ƧƽȁƾǸŭơ .ƨȈƦǴǫ ƨȇƽȁ ƩƢǫȐǟ Ǿǳ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ

ǵȂȈǳơ ƧƽȂƳȂǷ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƨȇƗ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 26 !ǹȂǨǬưŭơ ǶƬǻƗ .ƧǂƫƢǯƾǳơ ǶƬǻƗ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 117

27

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ .ƢǼƬǧƢƻƗ ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǟ ǂȇǁƢǬƬǳơ ƨƥƢƬǯȁ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴǳ ǲȈƴǈƬǳơ ǂƫƢǧƽ Ƨǁơƽƛ ǹƢƳ ǽƢǼƥ ƢƆǟȁǂǌǷ ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ .ǆǰȈǳƗ ƽȁ Ƥǈǰȇ Ȇǰǳ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ ǽǁƢƬƻơ ȅǀǳơ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ƆơŚƻƗȁ .ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ ǾƫơǃƢųƛ ơȂƦǬǠƫ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ǱƢƳǁ ǲǯ .ƢƆȈŸǁƾƫȁ ƨǸǰŞ ǁǀŞ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼȈǧ ơƆŚưǷ ǾƬǨȈǛȁ ƢƆȈũǁȁ ƢƆȈƟƢĔ ǀƻƗ ȂǳȂǰȈƥȁ ǝƢǧƾǳơ ǕȂǘƻ ƪǘǬǇ .ƵƢȈƫǁȏơ ȄǴǟ ŚƦǯ ŚƯƘƫȁ ƧȂǫ Ǿǳ ƪǻƢǯ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ǾƬǻƢǰǷ ƔȆǇ ǲǰǌƥ ǲǤƬǈȇ Ń ǹƢƳ Ƨƾǟ .Ȑ Ɔ ƟƢǿ ơƆŚƯƘƫ ƩĈǂƯƗ ƶȈƸǏ ǲǰǌƥ ƢŮƢǫ ƨǸǴǯ ǹƗ ƧǂǷ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢǼȀƦƬǻơ .ǆǰȈǳƗ ǺŴ ǝȂƦǇƗ ǀǼǷ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ńƛ ƢǼǸȈǴǈƫ ǺǷȁ ƩƢƥǂǓ ǺǷ ƢǼǔǠƥ ǀǬǼȇ ǹƗ ƶų ƩơǂǷ Ǧǐǫ ƾǓ ǁȂǷơǄǳơ :ƢȀǟȂǻ ǺǷ Ƨƾȇǂǧ ƨƦǇƢǼǷ Ŀ ǂƻȉơ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǦǌƬǯơ ƔƢǫƾǏƗ ǹƗ ƶƴǼǻ Ń ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǲǸǠǴǳ ƨȈǇƢǬǳơ ǲǇȐǈǳƢƥ śǗȂƥǂǷ ƢǼǯ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰǳȁ .ȅȂƳ .ƩƢǷƢǸūơȁ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Ŀ ƨǴȈǴǫ ƩƢǸǴǯ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǱƽƢƦƬǻ :Ņƛ Śǌȇȁ ƔơȂŮơ Ŀ ǭǂƸƬŭơ ǶǴǈǳơ

ȄǴǟ ƧƾƷơȁ ƾȈƥ ǕȂƥǂǷ ǹƢƳ

Aujourd'hui, c'est Primo qui viendra avec moi

ǺǷ Ȃǿ ǱăȂƷą ȋơ ňƢǨǴǈǻơǂƬǳơ ǹŚǘǋ ǵȂȈǳơ Ǯǳƿ ŕƷ 28chercher la soupe ơǀǿ ƤƦǈƥȁ ǹǃƢƼŭơ ǺǷ ƩơȁƽƗ ǩǂǈȇ Ȃǿȁ ǾȈǴǟ ǒƎƦǫƌ Ȃǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ȂǳȂǰȈƥ ƾǟƢǇ

Ŀ Ǿǳ ƾǟƢǈǸǯ Ǿǳ Ȑ Ɔ ȇƾƥ řǼďȈǠă ȇĄ ǹƗ ǆǰȈǳƗ ǞǼǬȇ ǹƗ ƶų ǹƢƳȁ ƨǨȈǛȂǴǳ ǒǧĄǁ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƤǴƳ Ŀ ƨȈǷȂȈǳơ ƨǷƾŬơ ǲǸǟ ȅƗ Essenholen -ǲǸǟ ƔȆƳƢǨŭơ ǝƢǠǋȍơ ǺǷ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǾȈǼȈǟ ƢƆǔǸǤǷ ǾƥƢǬǟƗ Ŀ ƢǻƗȁ ƢƆȈǳƢǟ ǪǴǈƫ ǹƢƳ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƫȂȇǃ Ǒǁȋơ ǺǷ ƱǂƼĄƫ ǆǸǌǳơ ƧǁơǂƷ .ơƆǁƢƷ ǆǬǘǳơ ǹƢǯ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ .ǆǸǌǴǳ Ŀ ƨƷƢƦǈǴǳ ƔȆǗƢǋ ȄǴǟ ƨǳȂǨǗ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ ĺ ǁƢƯƗ ƢŲ ƪǧǄǳơȁ ǹơȂǳȋơ ǺǷ ǁƢş ǲǰǋ ƔƢũ ƢǼǫȂǧȁ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ńƛ ƪƳǂƻ ƢǻƗȁ śƦȈǔǬǳơ ǺǷ ơƆƾƷơȁ ňƢǘǟƗ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ .ǦȈǐǳơ .ƨȈǧƢǐǳơ ǹơǂȇǄƷ

.ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǀƻȋ ȆǠǷ ȂŻǂƥ ƔȆŸ ǵȂȈǳơ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 28 118

ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǁȂǷǄǷ

ȆǬǼǳơ ƔơȂŮơ ŖƟǁ ƔǲǷ ƪǈǨǼƫ .ƨƳƢƷ ȏ .řƬǰǇƗ ǾǼǰǳȁ ǽǂǰǋƗ ǹƗ ƩƽǁƗ .ƧƘƴǧ śƬǨȈǨƻ ƢƬƸƦǏƗ ȆǴƳǁ ǹƗ ƩǂǠǋȁ Tu est fou de marcher si vite. On a la temps tu sais.29 ǹƢǯ ƧƽȂǠǳơ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀ .ǞƦǘǳƢƥ .ƢǼǴǸǟ ǹƢǰǷ ǺǷ ǂƬǷȂǴȈǯ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ơȂǟǃȁ .ƢƆǷơǂǣ ȂǴȈǯ śǈŨ ŅơȂƷ Ǿǻǃȁ ȆǐǠƥ ƢƆǗȂƥǂǷ ơƆǁąƾǫĉ ƢǼǧƢƬǯƗ ȄǴǟ ǲǸŴ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǺǷ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ǲŧ ǹȁƾƥ ȆǌŶ ǹƗ ơƆƾƳ ƢǼǳ ǀō ǳ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆơƾƳ ǪǿǂǷ ǲǸǠǳơ .ƺƥƢǘŭơ ƣǂǬƥ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ǺǈƸƬǈŭơ ơǀǰȀǧ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƢƆǬȇǂǗ ƔƢǯǀƥ ǁƢƬƻơȁ ƨƥǂš ơƿ ǹƢǯ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ .ƾǐǫ Ǻǟ ƔǖƦƥ ƢǼƦǿƿ Ŀ ƢǼƫȂȈƥ Ǻǟ ƢǼƯƾŢ .ƢƆǰǋ Śưǻ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǲǐǻ ŕƷ ƨǟƢǇ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ Śǈǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ Ǻǿ Ƕǯ .ƢǼƫƢȀǷƗ Ǻǟȁ ƗǂǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǻƽȂǠƫ ƢĈǸǟȁ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ ƢĈǸǟȁ ȂǼȇǁȂǗȁ ǡǁȂƦǇơǂƬǇ ǺǷ Ƕǯ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǾǻƗ ǦȈǯ ƨǜƷȐŭơ Ǿǳ ǵƾǬƫ ǹƗ ƩƽȂǠƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǷƗ ƩƢđƢǌƬǷ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ǱȂǈǰǳơ ǹƗ ƢŮ ơȂǳƢǫ ơƿƛ ƣǂǤƬǈƫ ƪǻƢǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǷƗ .ǾƦȈƳ Ŀ ǱƢŭơ .ƔƢǬƦǳơ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ƧƽƢǟȁ ǾƫƢȈƷ ȄǴǟ ǙƢǨƸǴǳ ǝǁƢǐȇ ǹƗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ƢǻǂǷƘȇ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ȅƽȁǁ .ƨƳơǁƽ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƦǯơǁ ǂŻ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ȅƾǼƳ ƨǠƦǬǳơ ǞǴŵ ǹƗȁ ƨȈũǁ ƨǨǫȁ ǦǬǻ Sale brute, celui-la.30 Ein ganz gemeiner 'Hund'.31 śƬǤǴǳơ ƢƬǴǰƥ ǂǰǧƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ƢǻƗ ǶǠǻ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ǲưǷ ƆơƾȈƳ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǥǂǠƫ ǲǿ Ȃǳ ƽȁƗ ƪǼǯ .ơƆƾƳ řƦƴǠƫ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ .ǂȀǋ ŅơȂƷ ƢȇǁȂǤȈǳ Ŀ ƪǼǯ .ǲǯƢǌǷ ǹȁƾƥ

ǥ Ċ Ƣǯ ƪǫȁ ƢǻƾǼǟ .ǲƦŪơ ńƛ ơǀǰǿ Ƥǿǀƫ ƮȈŞ ƢǻȂǼů Ǻǰƫ ȏ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ

29

.ƧƽƢȇǃȁ .ǾǴưǷ ǁǀǫ ǖǫƢǇ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 30 .ǾǴưǷ ǅǂǋ ƤǴǯ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 119

31

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƩĈǂǷ ơƿƛ ƪǫȂǳơ ǞȈǔǻ ȏ ƢǼǟƽ .ǮǴǔǧ ǺǷ ƆȏƢƷ ƗƾƦǼǳ ǱȁƢŴ ǲǿ .ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏơ ǶǴǠƫƗ .ǑăȂǠă ƫĄ ȏ ƧǁƢǈƻ ǹȂǰƫ ƧƾƟƢǧ ǹȁƾƥ ƨȈƫơȂŭơ ƨǏǂǨǳơ ǽǀǿ .ǾǨǘǠǷ ƪŢ ƢƆǼƸǏ Ɣœź ǾȈǴƳǁ ǂƳǂŸ ƢǷȁǁ Ŀ ƽȂǳȂǷ ŅƢǘȇơ ňƢǘǼǸȈǳ ǂŻ Zup-pa, : ƢƆǸǈƬƦǷ ƽȂǠȇȁ ƢǼƬƯƽƢŰ ǺǷ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơ ǒǠƥ ǖǬƬǴȇȁ ƪǐǼȇ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ 32

'cam-po. ac-qua

.ǂǌǳơ ǲƳȋ ǂȇǂǋ Ǿǻƛ .ǥǂǠǻ ȏ ǝǂǈǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ƽƢĈǈǨǳơ ǲǰǻǂǧ ǂŻ ƪǫȁ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ .ǹȉơ Ǿƫǂǯǀƫ ơƿƢŭȁ ǦȈǯ ǶǴǠȇ ǹƢǘȈǌǳơ .ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǁȂǷǄǷ ... ǵȂȈǳơ ǆƷƗ ƢǻƗ :ǶȀǨȇ Ȃǿȁ ǶȈǰƷ ǹƢƳ ,ǂĈ Ƿ ǚūơ ƨǟƢǇ ǺǷ ŚƦǯ Ƕǈǫ .ǁƢȈƬƻȐǳ .ǵƽƕ ǺƥƢǯ ƢǻƗȁ ǾǈƷƗ ȅǀǳơ ǅƢǈƷȍơ Ƥȇǂǣ Ƕǯ .ƨȈŮȍơ ƢȇƾȈǷȂǰǳơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ .Ŗǻơƽ Ȃǿ ǺǷ ńƛ ǶȈƸŪơ ǶǈǬǼȇ ǦȈǯ .ƨȈŮȍơ ƢȇƾȈǷȂǰǳơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ƾȇƾǋ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ǂǈǧƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ

.ǲǬǠǳơ ńƛ ǄǷǂȇ ȅǀǳơ ǅȂȈǴȈǣŚǧ .Contrappasso33-Ǳơ Ȃǿ ƢǷȁ ǵƢǈǫƗ ǵƢǈǫƗ .ƢȈƳȂǳȂȈưǳơ ńƛ ǄǷǂƫ Ŗǳơ ƢǈƬƥ ǂƫƢȈƥ .ƩƢǐǻȍƢƥ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ƗƾƥƗ .ǽƢƦƬǻƢƥ ǞǸƬǈȇ ǹƢƳ Lo maggior corno della fiamma antica Cominciò a crollarsi mormorando, Pur come quella cui vento affatica. Indi, la cima in qua e in là menando Come fosse la lingua che parlasse

.ƔƢǷ ǂǰǈǠǷ ƨƥǁȂǋ :ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ 32 .ǾǔȈǬǻȁ ǝȂǓȂǷ :Ŗǻơƽ ǝơƾƥƛ Ŀ ȅǂǠǋ ƗƾƦǷ

120

33

ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǁȂǷǄǷ

Mise fuori la voce, e disse: Quando… ƨǨǏƢǠǳơ ƶȇǂǳơ ǹƢǐǣƗ ŐǯƗȁ ǃơǄƬǿȏơ ǺǷ ƢƆƫȂǏ ǞǸǈȇȁ ƾǠƫǂȇ Ɨƾƥ ƶȇǂǳơ ǞǷ ǝǁƢǐƬȇ ƢŶƘǯ Ǿǻǂǫ ǄƬȀȇȁ ǾǳȐƻ ǺǷ ǶǴǰƬƫ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǈǴǳơ Ȃǿ 34

"Ȇǫơǂǧ ƾǼǟ" :ǪǴǘǻơ ƩȂǏȁ

ƨǤǴǳ ǲȇȂǳơȁ Ŗǻơƾǳ ǲȇȂǳơ .ǦȈűȁ ƤȈǿǁ .ǶƳǂƫƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗȁ ǦǫȂƫƗ ƢǻƗ ƢǼǿ śƬǤǴǳơ śƥ ƨƥơǂǬǳơ ǺǷ ǾƥƢƴǟƛ ȅƾƦȇ ǹƢƳ .Ǯǳƿ Ŀ ƶųƗ řǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ ơǀǿ ǞǷ .ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ .ǂưǯƗ "ƨǬȈƬǟ" ȁƾƦƫ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ƨŦǂƬǳƢǧ ǂưǯƗ ƨǸƟȐǷ ƨǸǴǯ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ȆǴǟ ƵǂƬǬȇȁ Ǯǳǀǯ ȄĈǼǰƊ ȇĄ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ " .Ƨǂǯơǀǳơ řǻȂţ ƢǼǿ .ǂǨǏ ..."ȆǫơǂƬǧơ ǞǷ" Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ ƨȇǂǠǋ ƩƢȈƥƗ ǺǷ ǞǗƢǬǷ řǿƿ ńƛ ǁƾƦƫ .Ƨǂǯơǀǳơ řǻȂţ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ."ǅƢȈǼȇơ ."ĺȂȈǴȈǼȈǨǳ ƤƄơ ǞǳȂƥ œƳơȂƥ ƾȈǠǇ Śǣȁ ǲȀǰǳơ ƣȌǳ ƢƆǷơǂƬƷơ ǲŧƗ Ń ".ƢŮȂǬǳ řǻȂţ ȏ ļǂǯơƿ ƢƆǬƷƗ Ma misi me per l'alto mare aperto … .ƩǂŞƗ ǶȈǜǠǳơ ǂƸƦǳơ ǩƢǸǟȋȁ misi " ơƿƢŭ ȂǳȂǰȈƦǳ ƢǿǂǈǧƗ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǫ ŕƷȁ ƨǴǸŪơ ǽǀǿ ǺǷ ƾǯƘƬǷ ƢǻƗ ơǀǰǿ ƪ Ą ǠǓȁȁ "je me mis" ȆǈǻǂǨǳơ ƵȐǘǏȏơ ǲưǷ ǖƦǔǳƢƥ ƢǿƢǼǠǷ ǆȈǳ "me ǂǈǯ ȄǴǟ Ȃǿ ƢǼǿ ƾȈǯƘƬǳơ .ǂưǯƗ ǝƢƴǋ Śưǰƥ ȃȂǫƗ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƵȐǘǏȏơ .ļơȂǘƻ

ǞǘǬŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ƧǁȁƢĐơ ǞǘǬǳơ ǺǷ ǲăǸƳĄ ƾǠƥ ƢǸȈǧ 90 -85 ƾȈǌǻ ǶȈƸŪơ

34

.ǶȈƸŪơ Ŀ ǅȁƾȈǷŚǣȁ ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǵȏƕ Ŗǻơƽ ǁȂǐȇ

121

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ƣđ ȄǴƸƬȇ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǹƢǯ Ŗǳơ Ƶȁǂǳơ ƨǟƢƴǋ Ǻǟ ơǀđ ǂďƦǠă ȇĄ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ǅȂȈǳȂȇ .ƩƢǧȂǳƘŭơ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ !ǂƸƦǳơ ȅǂǬƦǟ .Ǟǧơƾǳơ ơǀǿ ơƆƾȈƳ ǥǂǠǻ ƢǼǿ ǺŴ .ƤǟƢǐŭơ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƬȇ ŕƷ ǖƻ ǪǴǤǼȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ."ȅǂǬƦǟ " ƵȐǘǏȏơ ŘǠǷ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǶȀǨȇ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǂƸƦǳơ Ŀ ǝǂǋƗ ƧȂǴƷ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ .ǂƸƦǳơ ƵƢȇǁ ǖǬǧ ǞǨƫǂƫ ƔƢǔǨǳơ Ŀȁ ǖȈǈƥȁ ǶȈǬƬǈǷ ǖş Ǫǧȋơ .ǦȈű ǲǰǌƥ ƧƾȈǠƥȁ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ .ǲƥơȂǰǳơ ȆǠǓơȂǳ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ǲǸǠȇ ƢǼǿ ƨƦǠǐǳơ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ƨǬǘǼǷ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ ǽƾȈƥ ƵďȂǴƊȇĄ .ƧǂǨūơ ǩȂǧ ǺǷ ǾǇƗǁ ǖǬǧ ȃǂǻ Ȃǿ Ƣǿ .ȆǨȈǳ ǅƾǼȀŭơ ǞƦǘǳƢƥ ƾų .ǵƢǠǘǳơ Ǻǟ ơƆƾƥƗ ǶǴǰƬȇ ȏȁ ǂǈǰǻơ ǾǻƗ ǁă Ɨ Ń ǹƢǈǻȍơ ơǀǿ ƢƆǷȐǇ ."ǶȈǜǠǳơ ǂƸƦǳơ ǪǗƢǼǷ "ǶȈǜǠǳơ ǂƸƦǳơ ǪǗƢǼǷ" Ń ǶĔƢŻƢƥ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƔƢǫƾǏȋơ ǞǷȁ "Ŗǯǂƫ"Ǳ ƨƦǇƢǼǷ ƨǴǸŪơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǥǂǟƗ ńƛ ƨǟƢƴǌǳơ ƧŚǈŭơ ƧŚǈŭơȁ .ǂƻȊǳ ǪƥƢǇ ǂǠǋ ƪȈƥ ȅƗ ǂǯǀƫƗ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ .ňȂǯǂƬȇ ǎǫƗ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǷ ƢǻƗȁ ƨǸƬƬǳơ ǂǯǀƫƗ ȏ řǻƗ ǹǄąƸǷĄ Ƕǯ .ǆǳȂǯǂǳơ ƧƾǸǟƗ Ɣơǁȁ ƢǷ ǖǬǧ ǹƢȈǈǼǳơ ƧȂǿ ǺǷ ǀǬǻƗ ǹƗ ƶųƗ ƢǻƗ .ƨǸǴǰǳơ ŘǠǷ ǲǰƥ ǅƾǬŭơ ńƛ ƧƔƢǇȍơ .ŖǤǴƥ Acciò che l'uom piú oltre :ǾƬǤǴƥ ǾǳȂǫƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆơƾƷơȁ ơƆǂǘǇ .non si metta ...ƢƆǷƾǫ Śǈȇ ǹƗ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǥƢź ȏ Ȇǰǳ ƽƢƷ ƵȐǘǏȏơ ǹƗ ǶȀǧƗ ŕƷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǲǏƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ǹƢǯ ."ǥƢź ȏ Ȇǰǳ" ƪǈǳ .ǹƢŪ ȆǈǨǻ ǺǷơȂǯ ǦǌǯƗ ȏ řǰǳȁ ."ƪǠǴǫƗ ǶȈǜǠǳơ ǂƸƦǳơ ǩƢǧƕ ńƛȁ " ǲưǷ ǆǸǌǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ ƧŚưǯ ƔƢȈǋƗ ǱȂǬǳơ ǺǰŻ .ƢƆǬƷ ƢƆǷƢǿ ƢƆƠȈǋ ƢǼǿ ƪǨǌǯ řǻƗ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ǲǰƥ ƢŮȂǫ ƤŸ Ŗǳơ ƨǷƢŮơ ǁƢǰǧȋƢƥ ƔȆǴǷ œǴǫ .ǂąȀǛƌ ƪǫȂǳơ .ƔƢǸǈǳơ ƨƦǫ Ŀ ƪƸƦǏƗ .ǾƬǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ ŘǠŭơ ǶȀǨƫ ǲǿ ǂŏǰǧȁ ǾƦƬǻƛ .ȂǳȂǰȈƥ Ƣȇ ƪǐǻƗ .Ʃǂǯǀƫ ƾǫ Ƣǿ .Ǻť Considerate la vostra semenza: Fatti non foste a viver come bruti, Ma per seguir virtute e conoscenza 122

ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǁȂǷǄǷ

ơȁǂǜǻƗ ǶǰǴǏƗ ƧǂƼǏ ńƛ ơȁǂǜǻƗ ƨȇǂƥ ƩƢǻơȂȈƷ ǲưǷ ơȂǌȈǠƬǳ ơȁƾǳȂƫ Ń 35

ƨǧǂǠŭơ Ǻǟȁ ǶȀǨǳơ Ǻǟȁ ŅƢǤǳơ Ǻǟ ơȂưƸƦƫ Ȇǰǳ Ǻǰǳȁ

.ǩȂƦǳơ Ŀ ƺǨǻ ǲưǷ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǸǴǳ ǵȐǰǳơ ǞũƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ řǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ !ǹȂǰǳơ ƣǁ Ƣȇ .ƢǻƗ ǺȇƗȁ ƢǻƗ ǺǷ ƪȈǈǻ ƨǜƸǴǳ ňƾǠǈȇ Ƕǯ ǾƦƬǻơ ƾǬǳ .ƤǴǬǳơ ƤďȈǗ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ .ƩƢȈƥȋơ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ƤǴǘȇ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ .ƢƆǬǸǟ ǂưǯƗ ƔȆǋ ƾƳȂȇ ƢǼǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƩƢȈƥȋơ ƔƢǬǳƛ ǆŤ ǵȐǰǳơ ȃǂǌƥ ǹƜǧ ǝǂǈƬŭơ ŚǬǨǳơ ŘǠŭơȁ Ƣđ ƪǸǫ Ŗǳơ ƨǈƟƢƦǳơ ƨŦǂƬǳơ Ƕǣǁ ǺŴ ƢǼȈǴǰǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ƨǷƢǿ Ȇǿȁ .ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ǾȈǴǟ ǂƯƚƫ ƨǬƟƢǓ Ŀ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǲǯ ƤǴǫ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǲǸū ǹƢƦȈǔǫ ƢǼǧƢƬǯƗ ȄǴǟ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƢȀȈǧ ǂǰǨǻ Ǻȇǀǳơ Li miei compagni fec'io si acuti ǂǨǈǴǳ ơƆŚưǯ ȆǫƢǧǁ ƪǠƴǋ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ."ƪǠƴǋ" ƵȐǘǏȏơ Ǻǟ řǣ Ƕǯ ǂǈǧƗ ǹƗ ƧȂǬƥ ǱȁƢƷƗ ƢƆưƦǟ ƢǻƗ ǲǨǇȋơ ǶǈǬǳơ Ŀ" .ǱƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ǂǯǀƫƗ ǹƗ Ŀ ƶųƗ ȏ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ .ļǂǯơƿ řǻȂţ keine " .ǥǂǟƗ ȏ Ǯǳƿ ǲƦǫ ƩƢȈƥȋơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǾȈƦǋ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ȁƗ ."ǂǸǬǴǳ .ƩƢȈƥƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ƪȈǈǻ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ Ņ ǂǨǤȈǴǧ .ƢǼǿ ǹȂǳȂǬȇ ƢǸǯ "Ahnung Ca ne fait rien, vas-y tout de même36. .ǽƾǠƥ Ƨċƾǋ ǺǷ ƢƆǬǷƢǣ ǽƢǼȇƗǁ Ȑ Ɔ ƦƳȁ Ǿǳ ǾȈƦǋ ȏ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ǲȈƻ ƨƳǁƽ ńƛ ơƆƾƳ ǱƉ Ƣǟ

120-118 ƨƸǨǏ ƧƾȈǐǫ ǶȈƸŪơ

35

.ǱƢƷ ȅƗ ȄǴǟ ǊǷƛ .ǶĈ Ȁȇ ȏ ơǀǿ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 36 123

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ 37

ƢǼǻȂȈǟ ƩƾǿƢǋ ƢǷ ǲǯ ǱȐƻ

ƢǷƾǼǟ ǱƢƦŪơȁ .ƨȈǐȈƼǴƫ ƨǴŦ ."ƢƆǟƢǨƫǁơ ǂưǯȋơ" ǆȈǳȁ "ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ǪǿƢǋ "ǶǠǻ ǶǠǻ ǂǯǀƫƗ řǯǂƬƫ ȏ – ƅơ ƧƢȈŞ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƫ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ Ƣȇ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ Ƣȇ ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷ Ƣǿơǂǻ ǁƢǘǬǳơ Ŀ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ơƆƽƢƬǠǷ ƪǼǯ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƣȁǂǤǳơ Ŀ ř ċ ȈǠǳ ƧǂǿƢǛ ƪǻƢǯ Ŗǳơ ŅƢƦƳ !ȂǼȇǁȂǗ ńƛ ȂǻȐȈǷ ǺǷ ƢȀǨǌǰȇ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƢȀȈǧ ǂǰǨȇ ǞȈǓơȂǷ ǽǀǿ .ƨǴǏơȂŭơ ƤŸ ȄǨǯ .ǂǜƬǼȇȁ Ņ Ɛ ƛ ǂǜǼȇ ȂǳȂǰȈƥ .ǺȇǂƻȊǳ ƩƢȈƥȋơ ļǂǯơƿ ǺǷ ǲǌƬǻƗ ŕƷ ĺ ƨǏƢŬơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƨƦƳȁ ȆǘǟƗ ǹƗ ơƆƾǠƬǈǷ ƪǼǯ řȈǟ ǒǸǣƗ ǂǯǀƫƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ .ƾȈǌǼǳơ ƨȇƢĔ ŕƷ "ȅƢǼȈǟ ƩƗǁ ƢǷ ǲǯ " ƾǠƥ Ŗǳơ ǺǷ ƾƟƢǐǬǳơ ǺǷ ǞǗƢǬǷ .ļǂǯơƿ ǺǷ ƣǂǿ .ƢƆưƦǟ ȆǈǨǻ ǺǷ ƤǔǣƗ ȆǠƥƢǏƗ ǒǟƗ .ơƆǂƻƘƬǷ ǁƢǏ .ƨƸȈƸǐǳơ ƩƢȈƥȋơ ƪǈȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ ļǂǯơƿ Ŀ ǵȂǬƫ ȃǂƻȋơ ŚǷơǄŭơ :ȆĔƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ .ƺƦǘŭơ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ơƆƾƳ ơƆǂƻƘƬǷ Tre volte il fe' girar con tutte l'acque, Alla quarta levar la poppa in suso E la prora ire in giú, come altrui piacque ƶȇǂǳơ ƱơȂǷƗ ǲǯ ǞǷ ƨƷȂƳǁ Ƙǯȁ ƪǠǧƽ ȃǂƻƗ ƨƦǣǁ ƽȂȀǟ ƨƯȐƯ 38

ǲǨǇƗ ńƛ ƢȀǨǻƗȁ ȄǴǟƗ ńƛ ƔơǁȂǳơ ńƛ

ǶȀǨȇ ǹƗ ǲȈƳƘƫ Ȑƥ ǞǸǈȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ .ȂǳȂǰȈƥ ǦǫȁƗ ƢǻƗ

135-133 ǶȈƸŪơ 37 141-139 ƾȈǌǻ ǶȈƸŪơ 124

38

ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ǁȂǷǄǷ

śƥ ǂưǯƗ ǹȂǰǻ ȏ ƢǻƗȁ Ȃǿ ơƆƾǣ ƢŠǁ .ơƆǂƻƘƬǷ Śǐȇ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ "ƪǠǧƽ ȃǂƻƗ ƨƦǣǁ" ƧǂƥƢǤǳơ ȄǘǇȂǳơ ǁȂǐǠǳơ Ǻǟ ǂǈǧƗ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǷ ƢǻƗ .ƾƥȋơ ńƛ ƾǠƥ ȆǬƬǴǻ ȏ ȁƗ ƔƢȈƷȋơ ǖǬǧ ǹȉơ ƢǻƗ ƢȀƬǸȀǧ ƨȈǷƢǇ ǁȂǷƗ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ơƆÅƾƳ ƔȆƳƢǨǷȁ ňƢǈǻƛȁ ȅǁȁǂǓ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ..ǵȂȈǳơ ƢǼǿ ƢǻƽȂƳȂǳ ƢǻŚǐŭ ƤƦǈǳơ Ǿǳ ƶǓȁƗ ǹƗ ǁƾǫƗ ƢŠǁ .ƧǄȇǂǤǳƢƥ ȆǴǷƢū ƨȈǳƢƦǳơ ǆƥȐŭơȁ ǁǀǫ ǁȂȀŦ ǖǇȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǀƻȋ Ǧǐǳơ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ǺŴ .ƢǻƔơǁȁ ǹȂǌǧơƾƬȇȁ ǹȂǠǧƾǼȇ ƢǻƔơǁȁ ǹȂǷƽƢǬǳơ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǹȂǼǴǠȇ .ƪǨǳȁ ǖȈƦǼǫ .Kraut und Rüben? Kraut und Rüben .ƪǨǴǳơȁ ǖȈƦǼǬǳơ ǺǷ ǵȂȈǳơ ƪăƼƦƎǗƌ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǹƗ ƢƆȈũǁ Choux et navets –Káposzta és répak39 Infin che 'l mar fu sopra noi rinchiuso40

ƢǼǇȁƙǁ ǩȂǧ ǂƸƦǳơ ǪǴǤǻơ ŕƷ

.ƪǨǴǳơȁ ǖȈƦǼǬǳơ :ƨȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơȁ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ

39

ǾǫƢǧǁȁ ǆǈȈǳȂȇ ƩȂǷ ǁȂǐƫ ǶȈƸŪơ ƧƾȈǐǫ Ŀ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǴǸŪơ 40 125

ǦȈǐǳơ ƭơƾƷƗ ǹƢǯ ǹĊ ƢƯ ŚǇƗ ǲǯ ǶȀƠȈů ǞǷ .ƢȇǁƢǤǼǿ ǺǷ ƩƢǠǧƽ ƪǴǏȁ ǞȈƥǂǳơ ǂȀǋƗ Ŀ .Ǌȇƾȇȏơ ƾǠƥ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƢǿŚǣ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƨȈǰƄơ ƨǤǴǳơ ǶȀƬǤǳ ƪǻƢǯ ơǀǰǿȁ ƆƢȇǁƢǤǼǿ ȄǷơƾǬǳơ śƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǂȀǋƗ ƨǈŨ ǲƦǫ ƢǼǴƻƽ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǺŴ ƢǼǯ 1944 ƣƕ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ƩƢǻƢƸƬǷȏ ƲƟƢƬǻ ƨȇƗ Ǻǰƫ Ń ǾǻƗ ƘƳƢǨƬǻ Ń . 48 ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ȄǷơƾǬǯ ǹǄŴ Ńȁ ƘƳƢǨƬǻ Ń .ƩƢǻƢƸƬǷȏơ ǽǀđ ƨǘƦƫǂŭơ ƽȂǟȂǳƢƥ ơȂǨȇ Ńȁ .ƵƢƴǼƥ ƢǿƢǼǷƾǫ ŚȈǤƫ Ȃǿ ŚȈǤƫ ǲǯ" .ƩơŚȈǤƬǳơ ǺǷ ƢǼǬǴǫ ƢǼǴǯ ǂǷȋơ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀ .ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƩơƚƦǼƬǳơȁ ƩƢǠǫȂƬǳơ ƨƦǠǳ ǹƗ ƢǼƬǸǴǟ ƨƥǂƴƬǳơ ƆƢǬƷ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǱƢưǷƗ ƾƷƗ ǱȂǬȇ ."ƗȂǇȌǳ ȏ ƮȈƷ ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ ǹƘǌƥ śǸƼƬǳơ ƩȏȁƢŰ Ŀ ƣǀǠƬǻ ǹƗ ƧƾƟƢǨǳơ ƢǷ .ƢŮ ǅƢǇƗ ȏ ŚǇ ȄǴǟ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ Ȑ Ɔ ȈƠǓ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ŕƷ ŚƯƘƫ ȅƗ ƢǼǷȐǯ ȁƗ ƢǼǳƢǸǟƗ ǺǷ ȅȋ ƾƳȂȇ " :Ȇǿ ƢǿƢǼƦǈǯ Ŗǳơ ƧƢȈūơ ƨǸǰƷ ǅƢǇƗȁ ȄǷơƾǫ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ ǺŴ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƧƢȈūơ ǱȂƷ ƩƢǼȈǸƼƬǳơ Ŀ ƣǀǠƬƫ ȏ ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ ǱȂƷ ƨǜǬȈǳơ Ŀ ǶǴŢ ȏ "ǶȀǨƫ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŢ ȏ .ƩƢȈǓǂǨǳơ ǑǂƬǨƫ ȏ ƨǴƠǇȋơ ǱƘǈƫ ȏ :ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ƧƢȈūơ ǽǀǿ ƨȇƢĔ ƾǟȂǷ ƧƾȈǠƥȁ ƨȈƥƢƦǓ ƪƸƦǏƗ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǞǷ ƨǬƥƢǈǳơ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ ȄǴǟ ƢǼƥȂǴǫ Ŀ ƢǼǜǧƢƷ ƪŤ Ŗǳơ ǁȂǷȋơ ƩƢȇǂǯƿȁ ƧƾȈǠƦǳơ ƨǳȂǨǘǳơ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ ǲưǷ ƨǼȇǄƷȁ ƧȂǴƷ ȆȀǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƨȇơƾƦǳơ ƾƷơȁȁ ƾƷơȁ ǲǰǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǹƢǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƢǼƠȈů ǵȂȇ .ơƆƾƥƗ ƽȂǠƫ Ǻǳȁ ƪȀƬǻơȁ ƶƬǨǼƫ ƵơǂƳ ǲưǷ ƨȇơƾƦǳơ ƢǸǯ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƢǼƬŭƕ ǲǸƸƬǳơ ƨƦǠǏȁ ƨƦȇǂǫ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ ƨǴǈǴǈǳ .ƨǜū ǲǯ ǦǫȂƫ Ȑƥ ǩǂǌǳơ Ŀ ǅȁǂǳơ ǵȂƴǿ ǱȂƷ ƢȇƾǻƢǷǁȂǻ Ŀ ƔƢǨǴūơ ǦǴţ ǱȂƷ ƩƢǷȂǴǠŭơ ǲǷƗ ǝƢǠǋ ƢǼȈǧ ƩǁƢƯƗ ƪǴǌǧ Ŗǳơ ƨǳȁƢƄơ ǂǴƬǿ ǱƢȈƬǣơ ƨǳȁƢŰ ǱȂƷȁ ǶȀǷƾǬƫȁ Ƨƽơǁƛ ǹƗȁ ƆƢȈǷȂȇ ƨǰȀǼǷ ǽơȂǫ ǹƗ ǆƷƗ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ .ǂǐƦǳơ ƶǸǴǯ ȄǨƬƻơ ơǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢǸǼȈƥ ơƾƳ śƫƾȈǠƥ śƫƾȈǠƥ ƢƬǻƢǯ ƢȈǇȁǁȁ ƢȇƾǻƢǷǁȂǻ .ǪǴǤǼȇ ǲǬǠǳơ ǹƗȁ ǱƔƢǔƬƫ ƧƢȈūơ 126

ǦȈǐǳơ ƭơƾƷƗ

ƢǼǯ .ĺƢƦǓ Ƣŷơƾǟ ƢǷ ǲǯȁ ƆơƾƳ ǹƢȈǴǸǟ ǅƘȈǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ .ơƆƾƳ ƣǂƬǬȇ ƣǂƬǬȇ ƔƢƬǌǳơ ƽƾƄơ ƢǼŭƢǟ ƱǁƢƻ ǺȇƽȂƳȂǷ ƢǈȈǳ ǂƻƕ ǺǷǃ ȅƗȁ ǂƻƕ ŃƢǟ ȅƗ ǹƗ śǠǼƬǬǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ƢǸȀȈƬȇƢĔ ƢǼǳƢȈƻ Ŀ ǲȈƼƬǻ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ Ǻǰǻ Ń .ƾǸƴƬŭơ ǂǫƢǠǳơ ƢǼǼǷǃȁ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨȈǼǣ ǆǨǼǳơ ƧƢȈƷ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǸǴǯ ǅƢǻȋ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ŐǯƗ ƨǸȈǫ ȁƿ Ȃǿ ǺǷǄǳơ ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ȆǓƢŭơ ńƛ ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ ǺǷ ƢǿƾƷȁ ƪǬǧƾƫ ǁȂȀǌǳơȁ ǵƢȇȋơȁ ƩƢǟƢǈǳơ ƢǼǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǁƾǫ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƢȀǼǷ ǎǴƼƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǳȁƢƷ Ŗǳơ ƢŮ ƨǸȈǫ ȏȁ ƨȈƦǴǇ ƨȈǿƢǷ .ƾȇƾǋ ƔǖƦƥ Ǻǳ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ Ŗǳơ ƧǂƷƢǈǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ ƆƢƦȈǗ ǺǷǄǳơ ƢȀȈǧ ǹƢǯ Ŗǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ ǹȋ ǹƢǰǷȍơ .ƢȀȈǴǟ ƤǴǤƬǳơ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ ƨƦǬǟ ǂƼǐǳƢǯ ƢƆƦǠǏ ƽȂǇƗ ǲƦǬƬǈŭơ ơƾƥ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƽȂǠƫ .ǵƾǬƬǳơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƫ ǺǷǄǳơ ƢǼǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǞǷ ǞƥƢƬƬƥ ƩǂǸƬǇơȁ ƢȈǴǠǳơ ƢȇǄǴǋ ȄǴǟ ǦǐǬǳơ ǱƢǸǟƗ ƩƗƾƥ 1944 ǆǘǈǣƗ Ŀ .ƨǯǂǠŭơ ƨȇƢĔ ŕƷȁ ǦȇǂŬơȁ ǦȈǐǳơ ǵƢȇƗ ǲǯ ƆơƾƳ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƩƢǨǫȂƫ ǲƦǴƦǷ ǕƢǌǻ ńƛ ǁȂǘƫ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ ƧƘƴǧ ǦǫȂƫ ƨȈǸǼȀŪơ ƢǻȂƦǳơ ǞǻƢǐŭ ƾǬǠŭơ ǕƢǌǼǳơ ǕƢǘŭơ ƱƢƬǻƛ ƗƾƦȇ ǹƗ ǑȁǂǨŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƣƕ ǂȀǋ Ŀ .ȆǠȈƦǗ Śǣȁ ǵȂǸŰ ǹȂǼů .ǽǂǯƿ Ǻǟ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ ǹƢŭȋơ ǦǫȂƫ ǹƗ ńƛ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ǲƳƘƫ ƾǟȂŭơ ơǀǿȁ .ȆǟƢǼǘǏȏơ ńƛ ƢȀȀȈƳȂƫ ȃǂƳ ƾǠƫ ȏ Ŗǳơ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƾȈƦǠǳơ ŚǿƢŦ ƧȂǫ ƪǨǫȂƫ ƔƢǼƦǳơ ǱƢǸǟƗ ǭƢǼǿ ƪǻƢǯ Ǧǐǫ ǲǯ ƾǠƥ .ǂưǯƗ ơƆŚǘƻȁ ǂưǯƗ ƢƆȇǂǐǟ ƶƦǏƗ ƢƆȈǷȂȇȁ ǂƻƕ ǽƢšơ ƾȀŝ ƢȀƦȈǯǂƫ ơȂĔƗ ƨǴȈǴǫ ǵƢȇƗ ǲƦǫ Ŗǳơ ƩƢǼǯƢŭơ ǮȈǰǨƬǳ ǁơǂǓȋơ ƵȐǏȍ ƧǁȁǂǓ ǺǷ ǹƢȈǼƦǯ ƩǁƢĔơ ƨȇǂƼǈǴǳ Ƣȇ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǫơȁ ǹơǁƾƳȁ ƔȆƳȐǷ ƨǷƢǫƛ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ .ƾȈȀƳ .ŅƢƬǳơ ǦǐǬǳơ Ŀ ǩǁȂǳơ ǲǯ ǹƗȁ ǺǈƷȌǳ ǹȂǰȈǇ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǹȂǴǳơ Ʃơƿȁ ƨǴȇȂǘǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ ŚȈǤƫ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƢĈǼǷƕ ƨǬƟƢǧ ƨǟǂǈƥ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǶǜǼǷȁ ȆƴȀǼǷ ǅƚƥ Ŀ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǌȈǠȇ Ǻŭ ƢƆƳơǂǨǻơ ƤǴŸ ŚȈǤƫ ǹƗ ƢǻŐƳƗ .ƢƆǠǷ ƢǼȈǴǟȁ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƪƐǴƷ ƨǼǠǴǳơ ƢŶƘǯ ǂƴǨǼƫ ƩƗƾƥ ƢǻȂƦǳơ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢǼȇƗǁ ƢǻŚǣ ƩƢǻơȂȈƸǯ ǥȂŬơ ǺǷ ƢǼǨšǁơ ǁƢƦǤǳơ ǵȂȈǣ śƥȁ ƤȀƬǴŭơ ǵƾŮơ ǵƢǯǁ śƥ ǩǂǠǻ ƢǻƾƳȁ .ƢȈǻȂǳȂƥ Ŀ .ƩơǂƟƢǘǳơ Ƥǔǣ ǺǷ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǑǁȋƢƥ ǹȂǬǐƬǴǷ ǺŴȁ ƧƽǁƢǘǷ 127

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ńȁ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƢǼƟƢǘǟƛ Ǻǟ ơȂǨǫȂƫ ǲȈǈǤǴǳ ƔƢǷ Ȑƥ ƣǂǌǴǳ ƔƢǷ Ȑƥ ƆƢǘƥǂű ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǄƦŬơ ƨƦƳȁ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǟơǂǏ ǂƻȉơ ǝȂƳ ǵƢǷƗ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǞǧơƾƬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ ŕƷ ƔȂǓ Ǻǰȇ Ŀ ǵȐǜǳơ ǶǼȀƳ Ŀ ǆƥȐŭơȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ƾų ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ Ǻǰȇ Ńȁ . ƨǈƟƢƦǳơ .ǭȂǴƦǳơ ƲȈƴǓ ƾǓ śǼǷƚǷ ơȂǻƢǯ ǅƢǻƗ Ƥǔǣ ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ .ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ơȂǈƦȈƫ ǹƢŭȋơ ǹȂȈǻƾŭơ ǹȂǴǷƢǠǳơ . ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ǵƢǰƷ ǶǴƷ ǲȇȂǗ ȅƽǁȁ ǶǴƷ ǺǷ ơȂǜǬȈƬǇơ ƔȂǇ ǲǯ Ŀ ǹȂȇǁȉơ -ǹƢŭȋơ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ơȂǸȀǨȇ Ńȁ ƣƿƢǰǳơ ǶǴūơ ƨȇƢĔ ǾƳȂǳ ƢƆȀƳȁ ơȁƗǁ ƧƘƴǧ ǵƾǳơ ƩƢǫȐǠƥ ǂǘŬơ ƨǟƢǈƥ ơƆƾȈƳ ơȂǈƷƗ ǹȂȈǇƢȈǈǳơȁ ǹȂȈƟƢǼŪơ ƔƢǼƴǈǳơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ śƥ ƨǠȈǘǬǳơ ńƛȁ ƨȈǿơǂǰǳơ ǶǫƢǨƫ ńƛ ȃĈƽƗ ƾȇƾŪơ ǞǓȂǳơ ơǀǿ .ǶȀǼǗȁ ǞǷ ƨǴǐǳơȁ ǹȁǂȇ ǶĔƗ ơȂǼǷƕ ȁƗ ơȁƗǁ ǅƛ .ǅȍơȁ ǹȂưǴưŭơ ǹȂȈǇƢȈǈǳơ ƔƢǼƴǈǳơ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹƢǰǇ Ƶǂǧ ƢǼƥȂǴǫ Ŀ ǹƗȁ Ƕǿǂǋ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ǹȂƦǫƢǠȇ ǥȂǇ ǶĔƛ ǱȂǬƫ ƢǼǿȂƳȁ ƨǧǂǠǷ ǹƗ .ǥƢǠǓȋơ Ʃơǂǌǟ ƪǠǨƫǁơ ǶȀƬǇơǂǋȁ ƢǼǳȂƷ ȅƗǂǳơ Ŀ ǺȇƾƷȂǷ ơȂǻƢǯ .ǵƢǬƬǻȏơ ƾȇƚǻ ƢǼǻƗ ǆǯƢǠŭơ ƤǻƢŪơ ǺǷ ƢǼǻƗ ǂưǯƗ ȄǈǼȇ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬȇ Ń ňƢŭƗ ȅƗ ǹȉơ ńƛ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ơȂȀƳȁȁ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ ƢȈǻƢŭƗ ƔƢũ ơȂƯǂƷ ǺȇǀǴǳ ƩȂŭơ Ȇǟǁơǃ ǶǿƔơƾǟƗ ǲƦǫ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹƢŭȋơ ƩȂȈƥ ńƛ ǲƬǬǳơȁ ǁƢǷƾǳơ ơȂƦǴƳ Ƕǿ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ .ƨȇǃƢǼǳơ ƨǠǴǬǳơ ǅơƾǫƗ ǅƾǫ .ǶȀȈǳƛ ǲǐȇ ǹƗ ǄƳƢǟ ǎƼǋ ǲǯ ǹƢǯ Śǐǫ ƪǫȁ ŚǰǨƬǴǳ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ǶȀȈǧ ƪȈǬƥ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǲƟȐǬǳơ .ƢƆǬƷ ǥȂƼǴǳ ƧȂǫ ƢǼȈǧ Ǫă Ʀƫ Ń ǺŴ Ǻǰǳȁ ƩƢǟƢǇ ơȂǴǤƬǇơ ǶȀǴǳǀȇ ǹƗ ǝȂŪơ ǺǰǸƬȇ Ń ǺăǷ .ǦǐǬǳơ ǱƢǸǟƗ ǺǷ ơȂǠƴǌƫ ǶȀǨǴǳȁ .ǞǼǐǸǴǳ ƨǠƥƢƬǳơ ǹǃƢƼŭơȁ ƺƥƢǘŭơ ȂŴ ƧǂǷƢǤǷ ƩȐƷǁ Ŀ ơȂƳǂź ŕƷ ǵƢǠǳơ ǞǴŮơ Ŀ ƾƳơȂƬǳơ ǂǘƻ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ Ǿǻȋ ǦǟƢǔǷ ǲǰǌƥ ƧŚǘƻ ƪǻƢǯ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ǽǀǿ) ƩȂŭơ ǹƢǯ ƔȅǁơȂǘǳơ ƨǟƢǇ ƨǫǂǇ ȄǴǟ ƣƢǬǠǳơ ǹƘǧ ǦǐǬǳơ ƪǫȁ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ǯǳƿ Ǻǰȇ Ń .ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢƥơǀǠǳơ ǞǷ ƧȏƢƦǷ Ȑƥ ơȂǴǷƢǠƫ ȃǂǇȋơ ƨȇǂưǯƗ Ǻǰǳȁ .(ƢƆǬǼǋ ƢȀǼȈƳƾƫ ȃǂƳ ƩƢǻơȂȈū ǅơȂūơ ƧƽȐƥ ǹƢǯ ǲƥ ŚǐǸǴǳ Ȇǟȁ Ǻǟ ƢƆǷȐǈƬǇơ .ƩƢƥǂǔǳƢƥ ǂưǯƗ ǶȀǷȐȇơ ƢƆǼǰŲ ƾǠȇ Ńȁ ƩƢƥǂǔǳƢƥ

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ǦȈǐǳơ ƭơƾƷƗ

ƢǼƥǂǿ Ǒǁȋơ ƪǨšǁơ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ƨƸǴǈŭơ ƔȆƳȐŭơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬǳơ ǺǷ śǟȂǼŲ ƢǼǯ śƥ ƨǼƬǼŭơȁ ƨǣǁƢǨǳơ ƧǂǨūơ ǱȂǬƷ ńƛ ƨǠǨƫǂŭơ ǹƢƻƾǳơ ǵȂȈǣ ǖǇȁ ƱǂǠǻ ǺŴȁ śǴǿơƿ ƮưŪơ ǺǷ ƨǷȂǯ ǲưǷ ǂƻȉơ ȄǴǟ ƾƷơȂǳơ śƬǷƢǏ ƢǼǠƴǘǓơ ǭƢǼǿ .ƢǻȂƦǳơ ǹơǁƾƳ Ƣǻǂǜǻ ƨǬǴǤǷ ǹȂȈǠƥ ƢǼǳȂƷ Ƣǻǂǜǻ .ƨƦǠƬŭơ ƢǼǷƢǈƳƗ ƶȇǂǻ ƢǼǻȋ ƵƢȈƫǁȏƢƥ ǂǠǌǻ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ƢƥȁǁȁƗ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǲǯ ƢȀǧǂǟ Ŗǳơ ƧƽĈƾȀŭơ ƩơǁƢǨǐǳƢƥ ƔƢǔǨǳơ ȌƬǷơ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƪǸǏ Ŀ ƢȀǴǯƘǻȁ ƲǻȂƥƢƦǳơ ƩƢƫƢƦǻ Ʃơǂŭơ ƩƢƠǷ ƪǈȇƽ Ŗǳơ Ǒǁȋơ ǺǷ ǞǸų ƢǼǯ ƆƢƬǷƢǏ ƢƆǠȈǘǫ ƢǼƬǼǰǷƗ ńƛ ǲǬūơ ƤǻơȂƳ ǲǯ ǺǷ Ƣǻƾǟ ƨƟƾȀƬǳơ ƩȂǏ ǝƢũ ǞǷ ǀǼǷ ǽȁǂǰŭơȁ ǶƟơƾǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ǹȁƾƟƢǟ .Ǯǳǀǳ ƢǻƽȂǠƫ ƾǫȁ ƤǴǣȋơ ȄǴǟ ƽơǂŪơ ǲưǷ .ƧƾƟƢǧ ƨȇƗ ǾȈǧ ƪǈȈǳ śǬȇ ǲǰƥ ǹȉơ Ǯǳǀǳ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ Ǳȁȋơ ǵȂȈǳơ Ǻȇƾǳơ ǵȂȇ ƧǁƢǌƥ ǝƢũ ǞǷ ǂƻƕ ńƛ ǵȂȇ ǺǷ ȄǓȂǨǳơ ǾȈǧ Ʃƽơǃ ȅǀǳơ ŃƢǠǳơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǟ ƧŚǐǬǳơ ƩƢǨǫȂƬǳơ Ŀ ǹȉơ ƪǜǬȈƬǇơ Ŗǳơ ǱƢǷȉơȁ ǥȁƢƼŭơ śƥ ƤȇǂǬǳơ .ȂǈƬǻǁȂǴƥ ǞǷ ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ ƪȈǬƬǳơ ȆȀǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ƨǗƢǈƥ ǲǰƥ ƆƢǠǷ ƧŚǐǫȁ ƨǴȇȂǗ Ȇǿ ȂǈƬǻǁȂǴƥ ǞǷ ŖǴǏ ƨǐǫ Ǯǳǀǳ .ǞǫơȂǳơ Ŀ ǹȉơ ƧƽȂƳȂǷ ƪǈȈǳ ǥȁǂǛ Ŀȁ ƪǫȁ Ŀ ƪǻƢǯ ƨǐǫ ƢĔƛ .ƨȈƴƷƗ .ƨŻƾǬǳơ ǁȂǐǠǳơ ƭơƾƷƗ ȁƗ ŚǗƢǇȋơ ǹȂǸȀǨȇ ƢǸǯ ǖǬǧ ƢȀǸȀǧ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǹƗ ǂǰǧƗ ƢǻƗ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ Ņ ƤǴƳ ŅƢǘȇơ ǦȈǓ -ǲǷƢǟ .Ǿǐǫ ǺǰŻ ƢǷ ơƆƾƳ ǲȈǴǫ ƾƳȂȇ ƆƢȈǴǸǟ ńƛ ƨǳƢǇǁ ȆūƢǐǳ ƤƬǯ ƆƢǫǄŲ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ňƢǘǟƗ ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ǂȀǋƗ ƨƬǇ ǱȐƻ Ǿǻȋ ƆƢƠȈǋ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǒǧǁȁ ƢƆƠȈǋ ƤǴǘȇ Ń ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǲƥƢǬǷ .ƢƆƥơȂƳ Ņ ƤǴƳȁ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ .ǹƢǯ ƢƆȇƗ Ǻť ǲƥƢǬǷ ƢƆǼǈƷ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ ǲǸǠȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǾǻƗ ǂǰǨȇ Ńȁ ƢƆǘȈǈƥȁ ƢƆƦȈǗ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ǹƢǯ Ņ ƭƾƷ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƨǸȀǷ ƪǈȈǳ ǞȈǓơȂǷ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ǁȂǐƬȇ ȏ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǞǷ ƨǨǴƬű ǝơȂǻƗ ǺǷ ƩƢǫȐǟ Ǻȇǂƻƕ ƔȐǷǄǳ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǼǐǐǫ ƢǸǯ .ƧǂǷ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƪǻƢǯ ƩƢǫȐǠǳơ ǽǀǿ ƨǠȈƦǗ Ǻǰǳȁ ơȁƾǸǐȇ ǹƗ ǶȀƬǼǰǷ ƩȐǐǳơ ǽǀǿ .śǼǗơȂŭơ ǹƗ ƧƽƢǠǳơ Ȇǿ ƢǸǯ ǃȂǷǂǳƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ŘǠŭơ ƨȈƟƢǼƯ ƨƴȀǴƥ Ǯǳƿ Ǻǟ ơȂǐǫ ƔȐǷǄǳơ .ƨǨǴƬű ǪƸƬǈƫ ƧǂǷƢǤǷ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ȅƗ ƔƢǈǼǳơ ǞǷ ƩƢǫȐǠǳơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǟ Ʈȇƾūơ ȅǂŸ

129

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ŀ ơȂǧǂǟ ƨǇǂǘǣ ǂưǯȋơ ŕƷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǂƻȉơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ƾǈūơ Śưȇ ƢǷ ƢȀȈǧȁ Ƣđ ƧǂƻƢǨŭơ ƢƆƦǇƢǼǷ ȁƾƦȇ ȏ Ǯǳǀǳ .ǪƟȐǳơ ƽȁƾƷȁ ƵȂǸǈŭơ ƽȁƾƷ ȄǴǟ ǶĔƗ ǶǿŚǸǓ ǩƢǸǟƗ "ǩƢǧǁ" Ǻǟȁ ǶȀȈǴǟ "ƔƢȈǏȁȋơ" ǱȂƷ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ǥȂǌǰŭơ ǵȐǰǳơ ǅƢǇȋƢƥȁ (ǶȀǼǷƗ ƽƾĔ ȁƗ ǕǁȂǻ ȏ ŕƷ) ƔƢũȋơ ǂǯƿ ǹȁƾƥ .ȅǂǿƢǜƫ ǶƬǰƬƥ śȈǻƾǷ ǲǰǌƥ ǹȂǷȂǬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƆƢȇǂǟ ǂưǯȋƗ .śƥȂǣǂǷ Śǣ śǈǧƢǼǷ ǶȀǈǨǻȋ ơȂǸȈǬȇ ȏ ŕƷ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ .ƢƆǫȐǗƛ ƩƢǫȐǠǳơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǟ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ȏ ȅǂǼǿ ǲưǷ ƔơǂǣƢƥ řȀǷ ńƛ ǥƾē Ŗǳơ ƨǬȈǫƾǳơ ǃȂǷǂǳƢƥ ǶēƢƷƢų ǱȂƷ ƨǔǷƢǣ ƨǳƢǿ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ ǱȂƷ ǹȂǬǴź ƩƢȈǐƼǋ ƨȇƢǏȁ ƪŢ ǹȁƘƴǴȇ ǶĔƛ .ƧǁȂǘǇƘƥ ǅƢǈƷȎǳ śǠǷƢǈǳơ ƣȂǴǫ Ŀ ƧǁƢƯȍơ ǚūơ ƣƢƸǏȋ ƨǠũ ǪǴƻ :ƢƆƸǓơȁ ƢƆǧƾǿ ơȂƦǈǰȇ ǹƗ ǹȂǳȁƢŹ Ƕǿ ơǀđ .ƨŻǂǯȁ ƨȇȂǫ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇ Ǻŭ ƧŚƦǯ ƧƾƟƢǧ ƤǴŸ ǝƢƦǘǻȏơ ơǀǿ ǂƻƕ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ƢǻǂǋƗ ƢǸǯ ƮȈƷ .ǾǬǴź ǹƗ ƆƢǠǷ ƣƢƴǟȍơ ȁƗ ǁƢǬƬƷȏơ ȁƗ Ɣơǁƽǃȏơ ȁƗ ƾǈūơ Śưƫ ƩơǂǷơƚŭơ ǞǻƢǐǳ ƨǠǸǈǳơ ƨǇǂǘǣ ǾȈǧ ǹȁǂȇȁ ƆơŚǘƻ ơƆǂǷƗ ŐƬǠȇ ǾȈǴǟ ƪǴǐƷ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ƆƢȇǂǿƢǜƫ ƢǷ ƢƆƠȈǋ ǲǯƘƫ :ǱƘǈƫ ǹƗ ƢƆƸǫȁȁ ƢƆȈƦǣ ǁơƾǬŭơ ǆǨǼƥ Ȃǿȁ ƆƢȈƦǣ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ ƨȈǇƢǈƷ ǵƾǟȁ ǲƴƻ ǵƾǟ ȂŻƾǟ "ǁƢƦǰǳơ ǹȂǸǴǰƬŭơ"ǖǬǧ "Ǯǳƿ ƪǴǠǧ ǦȈǯ" "ăƩƾƳȁ ǺȇƗ "ǭƢǘǟƗ ǺăǷ" ǹȂǳƘǈȇ ǂǰǈǠŭơ śǻơȂǫ ǺǷ ƢƆƠȈǋ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ȏ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǁǂǓ ǲǰǳ ǹȂǧȂǌǰŭơ ǶȀǨǳơ ǹȂƦȈŸ ȁƗ ƆƢǫȐǗƛ ǹȂƦȈŸ ȏ ǽǀȀǯ ƨǴƠǇƗ Ǻǟ .ǝȂǼǳơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ƨǴƠǇƗ "Uciekaj" "Schiess in "Hau' ab"Verschwinde Mensch" " ƨǤǴǳ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƩƢƷȐǘǏȏơ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ 'den Wind" "Va chier ǆǈƴƬǳơ ƩȐƷǂƥ ǹȂǐǐƼƬŭơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǭƢǼǿ "ǶǼȀƳ ńƛ" ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢǿƢǼǠǷ Ŗǳơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ ǹȐǧ ƶų Ǻȇǀǳơ śǼǗơȂŭơ ƨǟȂǸů ȁƗ ǺǗơȂŭơ -ǲǷƢǠǳơ ǥƢǌƬǯơ ǲƳƗ ǺǷ ƧƾǬǠŭơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǾǻƢǰǷ ƔȆƴǸǴǳ ƢƆǬȇǂǗ ơȁƾŸ ǹƗ ǹȂǳȁƢŹ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǶȀǠǷ ƨǴǏ ǶȈǬȇ ǹƗ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǲǰǌƥ ƧǂǷȁ ƨȈǇƢǫ Ȇǿ ǲǋƢǨǳơȁ ƱǁƢƼǴǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ Ŗǳơ ƢŮ ƨȇƢĔ ȏ ƣȁǂƷ ƲƬǼƫ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ƾƴȈǇ ǾǻƗ ǂưǯƗ ƾǯƘƬǷ "ǾƦǴƷ" ȃǂƳ ƾǫ ƢƆǼǗơȂǷ -Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǟ ǹȋ ǦǟƢǔǷ ƨǸȈǫ ȁƿ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ ơǀȀǯ ǺǗơȂǷ .ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ ȏƆ Ƣǐƫơ ǾǠǷ ǹȂǸȈǬȇ ǺǗơȂǷ -ǲǷƢǟ 130

ǦȈǐǳơ ƭơƾƷƗ

ǺǗơȂŭơ ǲǷƢǠǳơ :Ƣēơƿ ǺǷ ƨǷȂȀǨǷ ƨȈǰȈǼǰƫȁ ƨȈǈƷ ƣƢƦǇƗ ƤƦǈƥ Śưǰƥ ǂưǯƗ ƨȈǳƢǟ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ǹƢǯ ǾǻƗ ƮƦưȇ ƢǼǠǷ ǾǻȁƢǠƫ ƽǂů Ǯǳǀǯ .ǁƢǘƻȋơȁ "ǲăȈū ĉ ơ" ǁơǂǇƗ ǥǂǠȇ ǾǈǨǻ ǹȂǈŹ .ǹȁǁǀǫ śǼǗơȂŭơ ǂǜǻ Ŀ ǺŴ ƨǬȈǬƷȁ . ƧǁơǀǬǳơ ǄƳƢƷ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƬȇ ǹƗ ơǀȀǧ ǽǀȀǯ ƧƢȈŞ ƢǼȈǴǟ ơȂǸǰƷ ơƿƜǧ ƨǬǨǌǳơȁ ǁƢǬƬƷȏơ ǺǷ ƢƆŸǄǷ ǲǫƗ ȁƗ ǂưǯƗ ƢǼǿƢš ƧŚưǯ ƩƢǤǳ ǶǴǰƬǻ ƢǼǻƗ ǹȂǠǸǈȇ Ƕǿ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƧŚǘƻȁ ƨȈǨƻ ǶƟơǂŝ ǹȂǸȀƬǷ ƢǼǻƗ ǽƢǼǠǷ .ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƩƢǻơȂȈū ƨǧǂǬǷ ƩơȂǏƘǯ ƢĔȂǠǸǈȇ ƩƢǤǴǳơ ǽǀǿ ƩơȂǏƗ .ƢĔȂǸȀǨȇ ȏ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ ȄǬǴƬǻ ǦȈǯ ǹȁǂȇ ƨǼȈȀǷ ƧǁȂǐƥ ƢǼǻȁƾƦǠƬǈȇ ǦȈǯ ǹȁǂȇ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ Ǫȇǂƥ ƢǼǻȂȈǟ Ŀ ơƆƾƥƗ ơȂǜƷȐȇ Ń .ƔƢƦǤǳơ Ŀȁ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ƣƢȈǣ Ŀ ǩǂǤǻ ǦȈǯȁ Ǻȇǁǀǫ śǟơƾƻ śǫǁƢǈǯ ƢǼǻȂǧǂǠȇ Ƕǿ .ǲǷƗȁ ǹƢŻơ ǪȇŐƥ ȁƗ ƽǂŤ ȁƗ ƱƢƴƬƷơ ǶĔƜǧ .ƨƴȈƬǼǳơȁ ƤƦǈǳơ śƥ ǹȂǘǴź ǶȀǼǰǳȁ .ƢƆǸƟơƽ śǠƟƢƳȁ ƨȈǳƢƥ ǩǂş śǧȂǨǴǷ ƶǷȐǷ ǚƷȐȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƆȐǏƗ ǺăǷ .ƨǻƢǿȍơ ǪƸƬǈǻ ƾȈǯƘƫ ǲǰƥ ǹȂƴƬǼƬǈȇ .ƨǸȈǫ Ȑƥ ƾƷơȁ ǶǈƳ Kazett ǺŴ Ƕǿǂǜǻ Ŀ ƢǼǿȂƳȁ Ŀ ƨȈǻƢǈǻƛ Ŀ ơȂǷǂȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǷ ǺȇŚưǰǳơ ǞǼŻ ȏ ƢǼȈǧ ǶȀȇƗǁȁ ƢǼǠǓȁ ǹƗ ƶǓơȁ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǞǷȁ ƢȇƢǬƥ ȁƗ ǶȀǼƸǏ ƢǻȂǘǠȇ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƢǗƢǘƥ ȁƗ ǄƦƻ ƨǠǘǫ ǂƻȉ śƷ ǺǷ ƢǼǿƢšơ ƧǂǷ Śǣ .ǺƸǐǳơ ǦǜǼǻȁ ƢȇƢǬƦǳơ ǪǠǴǻ ŕƷ śȈǻƾǸǴǳ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ -Zivilsuppe ǶȀǬȇƢǔȇȁ ƨǠƟƢƳ Ƨǂǜǻ ǶȀȈǧ ǃǂǤȇ ǺǷ ǶȀǼǟ ơȁƾǠƦȇ ŕƷ ƨǗƢǈƦƥ ơǀǰǿ ǹȂǧǂǐƬȇ Ƕǿ ǖǬǧ ƨȈǴǈƬǳơ Ǟǧơƾƥ Ǯǳƿ ǹȂǴǠǨȇ ƧŚưǯ ƩơǂǷ ƪǫƚǷ ňƢǈǻƛ Ǟǧơƽ ƤƦǈƥ ȁƗ Ǯǳǀƥ ǶƟƢȀƦǳƢǯ ǲǯȋơ ƩƢƬǧ ȄǴǟ ǝǁƢǐƬƬǳ ŚǿƢŦ ǒǯǂƫ ƩƢȀŪơ ǲǯ ǺǷ ǦȈǯ ơȁŚǳ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǞǴƦȇȁ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ ȃȂǫȋơ ǹƗ ŕƷ ǆǨǼǴǳ ǕƢƦǔǻơ ȁƗ ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǷơǂǯ ȅƗ ǹȁƾƥ .ƨǔȈǨƻ ǅȁƙǂƥ ǹȁƽȂǠȇȁ ǶȀǴƳǁƗ ǹȁǂŸ ǹȁǂƻȉơ Ŀ ǶǠǗ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ . ȂǈƬǻǁȂǳ śƥȁ řȈƥ ƆƢǷȂȇ ƭƾŹ Ń ơǀȀǯ ƔȆǋ ȅƗ ǲƦǫȁ ȏƆ ȁƗ ǾǻƗ ƾǬƬǟƗ ƢǻƗ ǂǌƦǳơ ǥȂǳƗ śƥ ǺǷ ƩơǀǳƢƥ ƢǻƗ ƪǴǴǤƬǇơ ơƿƢŭ ǶȀǧ ƨǳȁƢŰ .ƨȇƽƢŭơ ǾƫƾǟƢǈǷ ƤƦǈƥ ƩơǀǳƢƥ ǆȈǳȁ .ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ ƭƾƷ ȂǈƬǻǁȂǳ ǲǔǨƥ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǾƦǴǫ ƨƦȈǗȁ ǖȈǈƦǳơ ǾǰǴǈǷ ƤƦǈƥȁ ǾǳƢǸǟƗȁ řǷ ǾǨǫȂǷ ƤƦǈƥ Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǭȐǇȌǳ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ ǱƽƢǟȁ ňƢǈǻƛ ŃƢǟ ǭƢǼǿ Ǳơǃ ƢǷ ǾǻƗ ƆƢȈǷȂȇ ňǂƐǯƿ 131

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǆȈǳ .ƧǂǿƢǗ ǶăȈǫĉ ǶǿƾǼǟȁ ƣȂǴǫ ȁȁƿ ǅƢǻƌƗ ǭƢǼǿ ǶȈƼŭơ ƱǁƢƻ .ƨǰƟƢǌǳơ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƶȈƸǏ .ǾǼǟ ǹƢƦȇǂǣ ǥȂŬơȁ ƨȈǿơǂǰǳơ ǂƻƕ ŃƢǟ ƾƳȂȇ .ƢƆȈǇƢǫȁ ƢƆƯȂǴǷ ƾȀŪơ Ǳǀƥ ƤŸ Ǻǰǳȁ ǵȂȀǨǷ Śǣȁ ơƆƾȈǠƥ ȁƾƦȇȁ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ƣƢƦǔǳƢƥ ǥȂǨǴǷ .ǶăȈǬĉ ǳơ ǽǀǿ ǺǔƷ ńƛ ƧƽȂǠǴǳ ƔƢǬƦǴǳ Ŀ ƪǼǧĄƽ ǶȀƬȈǻƢǈǻƛ .śȈǷƽƕ řƥ ƪǈȈǳ ƩƢƸǨǐǳơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ƨǧȂǏȂŭơ ƩƢȈǐƼǌǳơ ƢǿȂƦƦǇ ȁƗ ƢŮ ơȂǓǂǠƫ Ŗǳơ ƨǻƢǿȍơ ƤƦǈƥ ǶȀȇƾȇƘƥ ƢǿȂǼǧƽ Ƕǿ ǶĔƗ ȁƗ ƢǷ ǹƢǰǷ ǹȂȈƟƢǼŪơȁ ǹȂȈǇƢȈǈǳơ ƔƢǼƴǈǳơ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ȄǬǸūơȁ ƧƢǈǬǳơ ǅƛ .ǅȍơ .ǺȇǂƻȊǳ ǺǷ ǲǷƢǯ ŃƢǟ .ƨȈǻƢǈǻƛ Ƶȁǁ ǹȁƾƥ ƾȈƦǠǳơ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ǁƢǤǐǳơȁ ǁƢƦǰǳơ ǺǘǼǼǷȁŐǳơ ȆǴƻơƽ ǅƘȈƥ ƨƥơǂǤǴǳ ƨǳȂƦů ǹƢŭȋơ ƢǿƾƳȁƗ Ŗǳơ ƧƽȂǈǨŭơ ƢȈƻǁǂŮơȁ ƩƢƳǁƾǳơ .ƢȀǰǴƬŻ ƱǁƢƻ Ǧǫȁ ƾǬǳ .ƧƾǇƢǧ Śǣȁ ƨȈǬǻ ƪǻƢǯ ǾƬȈǻƢǈǻƛ .ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ǹƢǯ ȂǈƬǻǁȂǳ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǹƢǈǻƛ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ řǻƗ ǆ ă ǻƗ Ń ȂǈƬǻǁȂǳ ǲǔǨƥ .ǂǋ ǾǴǯ ȅǀǳơ ŃƢǠǳơ

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1944 Ǳȁȋơ Ǻȇǂǌƫ ƭơƾƷƗ ƨǠǋƗ Ƨǁơǂū ƢǻƾȀǼƫ .ƢǼȈǳƛ ǲǐȇȁ ƣǂƬǬȇ ȏ ŕƷ .ƔƢƬǌǳơ ƾǓ ƢǼƳǂƻ ƢǻơȂǫ ǲǰƥ ǆǸǌǳơ ƣȁǂǣ ǲƳƚǼǳ ƾȀŝ ƢǼǸǫ ƔƢǈŭơ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ŀ .ƢȀȈǴǟ ǚǧƢŴ ǹƗ ƢǼƦǴǗ .ǆǸǌǳơ ǂǬƬǇơ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ơǀǿ .ǵȂȈǤǳơ Ŀ ƪǴƻƽȁ ƢƆȈƟƢĔ ǆǸǌǳơ ƪǨƬƻơ ǆǷƗ .ƢƆưƦǟ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƔƢƬǌǳơ ǹȁǂƻȉơ .ȆǓƢŭơ ƔƢƬǌǳơ Ŀ ƢǼǿ ƢǼǯ ƢǼǻȋ ƢǻǂǜƬǼȇ ơƿƢǷ ǥǂǠǻ ȄǷơƾǬǳơ ǺŴ ǺǷ ǂȀǋȋơ ǽǀǿ ǱȐƻ :ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǲƦǫ ǂǷȋơ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ơƆƾƳ ƨǬƟƢǧ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǹȂǸǴǠƬȇ ƣơǀǟ ƣǀǠƬȇ ƩȂŻ ȏ ǺǷȁ .Ƨǂǌǟ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƨǠƦǇ ƩȂŻ ǹƢǈȈǻ ńƛ ǱȁƗ Ǻȇǂǌƫ ŕƷȁ ǂƴǨǳơ ǞǴǘǷ ǲƦǫ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǺǷ ǵƢȇȋơ ǲǯ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǲǯ .ƣȂȇƗ ǲƳǁ ȄǴǟ ǄǨǬȇ ǵȂȈǳơ ǲǯ ƧǂƫȂƬǷ ǾƫȐǔǟ ǲǯ ǹȂǰƫ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ƩƢƦƳȁ Ǻǟ ǱǃƢǼƬȇ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ .Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƢȀƠǧƾȇ ŕƷ Ǿǘƥƛ ƪŢ Ǿȇƾȇ ǭǂǨȇ ȃǂƻƗȁ ǲǯȋơ ǺǰŲ Śǣ Ǿǻȋ .ǵȂǼǳơ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ǻǟ ǱǃƢǼƬȇ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƆƢǧȂǨǯ ǀƻƘȇ ŕƷ ǄƦŬơ ƾƷơȁ ǹƢǰǷ ƢǼǳ ȆǬƥ ƮȈƷ śǨǫơȁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƢǼǷƢǠǗ ǞǴƬƦǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ƨƷȁǂů ǞȈǸŪơ ȅƾȇƗ .ƧǂŏǇĉ ȋơ ȄǴǟ ƔȆǰƬǻ ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲ Ǿǻȋ ǹȂǨǫơȁ .ǾȈǧ ǥȂǫȂǴǳ ǪďȈǓ .ƶȇǂǳơȁ ƲǴưǳơ Ŀ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƩƢǟƢǇ ƩƢȈǈǷȋơ Ŀ ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ ƩơƽƢǸǓ ǀƻƘǻ ŕƷȁ Ǻǟ ǱǃƢǼƫ ƾǬǧ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ Ȃǿ ǺăǷ ǅƢǈƷƛ ǾƦǌȇ ȏ ǝȂŪƢƥ ƢǼǇƢǈƷƛ ǹƗ ƢǸǯ "ƤǠƫ" ȁ "ǝȂƳ" ǱȂǬǻ ǺŴ .ƢƆȈǴǯ ǦǴƬű ƽŐǳƢƥ ƢǼǇƢǈƷƛ ƢƆǔȇƗ ơǀǰǿ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨƦƳȁ ǽǀǿ . ǦǴƬţ ǁȂǷȋơ ǽǀǿ ǲǯ ƢǼǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ." ƔƢƬǌǳơ" :ǱȂǬǻ "ŃƗ" ȁ , "ǥȂƻ" ȁ Ŀ ơȂǻƢǟȁ ơȂǸǠǼƫȁ ơȂǋƢǟ ǁơǂƷƗ ǅƢǻƘǯ ƢǿȂǴǸǠƬǇơȁ ǁơǂƷƗ ǅƢǻƗ ƢȀǟǂƬƻơ ƩƢǸǴǯ ȃǂƻƗ ƨǤǳ ǲǰǌƬƫ ƪǻƢǯ ŐǯƗ ƢƆƬǫȁ ơƆǂǸƬǈǷ ǹƢǯ ƩơǂǰǈǠŭơ ŃƢǟ ǹƗ Ȃǳ .ǶēȂȈƥ Ƶǂǌǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹƗ ǆŴ ǺŴ Ǯǳǀǳ .ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Ǻǰƫ Ń ǆȈǇƢƷƗ Ǻǟ ŚƦǠƬǴǳ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ǹȂǈƦǴȇ ǅƢǻȋ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǂǨǐǳơ ƪŢ ƽǂƥȁ ƶȇǁ ǵȂȇ Ŀ "ǲǸǠǳơ" Ȃǿ ƢǷ 133

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǶǿƽƢǈƳƗ ǹȂƥǀǠȇ ǉƢǸǬǳơ ǺǷ ǹȂǴǘǼƥȁ ƨǨȈǨƻ ƪȈǯƢƳȁ ƨȈǴƻơƾǳơ ƩơǁƢȈǤǳơȁ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ Ƕđ ǎƥǂƬȇ ƩȂŭơ ǭȐǷ ǹƗ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ Ƕǿȁ ǦǠǔǳơȁ ǝȂŪƢƥ ǁơǂǸƬǇƢƥ .Ƥȇǂǫ ƢǻƾǬǧ ƢǼǻƗ ƢǼǈǈƷƗ ǾƠȈů ǞǷ ƢǼǻȋ ƔƢƳ ƾǫ ƔƢƬǌǳơ ǹƗ śǬȈƥ ƢǼǧǂǟ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǵȂƴǼǳơ ǂă ǻ Ń ǶƸƬǈǼǳ ƢǼƦǿƿȁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǺǷ ƢǼƳǂƻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ơǀǰǿ ǾǻƗ ƢǼǧǂǟ .ǲǷȋơ ƔȂǓ ȄǴǟ ǑơǂǠƬǇȏơ ƨƷƢǇ Ŀ . ƲǴưǳơ ƨƸƟơǁ Ʃǃǂƥ ǵȐǜǳơ Ŀȁ ƽǁƢƦǳơ ƔƢǔǨǳơ ƩƢǘǬǈǳơ ƢǼȇƗǁ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƾƷƗ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ń ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ƱȁǂƼǴǳ ǶȈǜǼƬǳơ ƾǼǟ ǞǳƢǘǳơ ǂƴǨǳơ ǂƻƕ ƔƢƬǋ ǲƦǬƬǈǻ ǥȂǇ ƢǼǻƗ ƨȈǓƢŭơ ƨǼǈǳơ Ŀ ƾƷƗ ƢǼǳ ǱƢǫ Ȃǳ ǾǻƗ Ƣǻǂǰǧ ƲǴưǴǳ ńȁȋơ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǹȉơ ǞǫơȂǳơ Ŀȁ .ƣǂȀǰŭơ ǶȈƼŭơ ǁơƾƳ ȄǴǟ ƢǼǈǨǻƗ ƢǼǧǀǫ ƢǼǰǳ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǺǷ ƢǼǠǼŤ Ń Ȃǳ ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǷơǂǯ ƨȈǬƥȁ ǶȀǨǳơ ǺǷ Ƨǁƿ ƢǼȇƾǳ ƪȈǬƥ ơƿƛ Ǯǳƿ ǲǠǨǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ǹȂǼů ǲǷƗ ƨȈǬƥ Ǯǳƿ .ǂƻƕ ƔȆǋ ƢǼǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǽƢǼǠǷ "ƔƢƬǌǳơ" ǹȋ ǺǰǇ ƢǸȀǼǷ ƧƾƷơȁ ǲǯ Ŀ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǥǂǗ ȄǴǟ śƬǸȈƻ ǹƢŭȋơ ǵƢǫƗ ǞȈƥǂǳơ Ŀ ǹȁȌŻ ǅƢǼǳơ ǥȂǳƗȁ śƬǸȈŬơ ơȂǰǧ ǹȉơ .ǁƢūơ ǶǇȂŭơ ǱȐƻ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǦǳƗ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǹƢŭȋơ ǥǂǤƥ ȄǷơƾǬǳơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ȃǂǇƗ ǺŴ .ǱƢǸƬƷȏơ ƨƦǠǏ ƨǧƢưǰǳơȁ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ƆƢƦȇǂǫ ƭƾƸȈǇ ƢǷ ƢƆƠȈǋ ǹƗ ǹȁƾǯƘƬǷ ǶȀǧ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƨǸǜǻȋƢƥ ǵơǄƬǳȏơ ǵƾǟ ǺǷ ǹȂǧǂǬȇ .Ƣǻƽƾǟ ǎȈǴǬƫ ǲƳƗ ǺǷ řȈƫȏ śǠǘǬǷ ǺǷ ƨǸǴǯ Selekcja ƨǸǴǯ .Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ƢȀǈŴ ƩƢȈǨǐƬǳơ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ǱƢǬƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǾƦƬǼǻ ȏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ .ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ ƢȀǠǸǈǻ ƢǻƗƾƥ ňȂǳȂƥȁ Ȇǿ ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ Ŀȁ .ƢǼȈǟȁ Ŀ ǲǤǴǤƬƫ ƩƗƾƥ Ȇǿȁ ǂưǯƘǧ ǂưǯƗ ǞăǸǈ ą ƫĄ ƨǸǴǰǳơ Ɔơƾȇȁǁ .ƢǼǳƢǘƫ ƢǼǷƢǜǟ ńƛ ǲǤǴǤƬƫ ǁƢƦƻȋơ ǲǐƫ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǲƟơȁȋơ Ƕǿ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ .ƢȈǈƬǰǴǇ ǹȂǳȂǬȇ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ǲƦǫ ƢǷ ƢƆƠȈǋ ƢǼǿ ǥǂǠƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ǶĔȋ ƢǿȁǂǌǼȇ ȏ ǹƗ ǹȂǳȁƢŹ ƧƆ ƽƢǟ .ǶĔơƿƕ ńƛ .ǂưǯƗ ƧȂǫ ǮȈǘǠȇ ǂǷȋơ ǹƜǧ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ 134

1944 Ǳȁȋơ Ǻȇǂǌƫ ƭơƾƷƗ

ȅǀǳơ ǲȈǴǬǳơ ǀǨǼƫ ǹƗ Ǯǋȁ ȄǴǟ ƢȈǈƬǰǴǈǳơ ǹƗ ǞȈǸŪơ ǥǂǠȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ơǀǰǿȁ ƩƢƦƳȂƥ ƪǼǼǷǂƥ ȁƗ ƤȈƦǗ ǽȂǋǁ ƨǘǇơȂƥ) ƣȁǂŮơ ƨǳȁƢŰ ǹȂǰȈǇ ǽȂǴǠǨȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ ǲƳƗ ǺǷ ǆǯƢǠŭơ ǽƢšȏơ Ŀ ȁƗ ĺ– Ƣǰǳơ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǺǷ ǁȂƦǠǳơ ǲƳƗ ǺǷ ǢƦƬƥ ȁƗ ǄƦƻ .(ƪǴĉǸǟĄ ƾǫ ƨƦǫơǂŭơ ǾȈǧ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ǱȂǏȂǳơ ǞǼǐŭơ Ŀȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ȂŪơ ǹȂǰȇ ƶȈƸǏ ŐŬơ ǹƗ ƶǔƬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨƦȇǂǬǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ ǶȀǴǯ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǴǷƢǯ ƨǬưƥ ƢƆƠȈǋ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ǂǷȋơ Ǟǫơȁ Ŀȁ ƢȈǈƬǰǴǈǳƢƥ ƢƆǠƦǌǷ .ǹȂȈǈǻǂǨǳơȁ ǹȂȈǳƢǘȇȏơȁ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ǁơǂƷȋơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ ŕƷ ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ ǱȂƷ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ .ǲǸǠǳơ ƪǫȁ Ŀ ƆơǂǇ ǶȀǠǷ ȆǬƬǴǻ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǺǷ ǾǠǷ ƾǠȇ Ń ƾƷ ńƛ ƪǨǠǓ ƽȂǸǐǳơ ƧȂǫ .ǵƢǠǳơ ǪȈǔǳƢƥ ǆŴ ƢǼǻƛ ǱȂǬǳơ ǃȂŸ ȏ ǺǷ ơƆƾƳ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ȆǬąƦƫĄ ƤǠǐǳơ ǲǸǠǳơȁ ƽŐǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ ƾǓ ǝơǂǐǳơ .ǂưǯƗ ƢȀǧƢǠǓƛ ǺǰǸŭơ Ǻǰǳȁ ǾƬǬȇǂǗ ȄǴǟ ƽǂȇ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ .ǝȂǓȂŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǁƢǰǧȋơ ŕƷȁ ŚǰǨƬǴǳ ƧȂǬǳơ ǅƘȈǳơ ȁƗ ŚǐŭƢƥ ǶȈǴǈƬǳơ ȅƗ ǞǓȂǴǳ ƤǇƢǼǷ ȆǠȈƦǗ ǲǰǌƥ ƽǂȇ ƾƷơȁ ȏȁ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ǪȈǸǠǳơ ǹƛ .ƨǴȈǴǫ ƨȈǴǫƗ Ɣȏƚǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƢǷ ǲǯ ǲǸǠȇ ǾƫƢȈƷ ǀǬǼȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǰąǸȇĄ ǺăǷ ƧŚƦǯ ƨȇƾŝ ƢȈǈƬǰǴǈǳơ ǞǷ ǹȂǴǷƢǠƬȇ ǹƢŭȋơȁ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƤǠǏ ƢȈǈƬǰǴǈǳơ ǺǷ ƣȁǂŮơ .śǻơȂǬǳơ ǲǯ ǀȈǨǼƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȁǂǐȇȁ ǦǼǏ ǺǷ ǝƢǧƽ Ǻǟ ǊƬǨȇ ǅȂǸǴǷ ǲǰǌƥ ǾǈǨǼƥ ǶƬȀȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳ ǺăǷ ƔȐǷǄǳơȁ śǯǁȂǳơȁ ǾƫǂƻƚǷȁ ǽǁƾǏ ǂƻȊǳ ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǂƎȀǜƒ ȇĄ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Ŀ ǂƻƕ du du bist ǮǻȂǯǂƬȈǇ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ ƆƢƟƽƢǿ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ǮǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƪǻƗ" :ǹȂǷǄƬǴȇ ǾǈǨǻ Ȃǿ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ "...ƢǻƗ ƢǸǼȈƥ (ǹƢǸǴǈǷ ƪǈǳ ƪǻƗ) kein Muselmann .ǾǐȈǸǫ Ǟǧǂȇȁ ǾǻȂǴǘǼƥ Ǟǧǂȇ ƾƷ ńƛ ǽŚǐǷ ǺǷ ƾǯƘƬǷ ƾƷƗ ȏ ǾǬȇƾǐǳ ǥȁǂǠŭơ ơǀǿ ǲǠǨȇ ǹƗ ǒǧǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ǾǴȈǷǃ ƾǓ ƩȂŭƢƥ ơƆǂǷƗ ǁƾǐȇ ǹƗ ƗǂƴƬȇ ǹƗ

135

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǾȈǴǟ ǽǂǸǟ Ƕǯ ǽȂǳƘǇ ơƿƛ Ǿǻƛ Ǿǳ ƪǴǫ ǃȂƴǠǳơ ǂŻƢēŐǳ ǲƴƻ Ȑƥ ƪƥǀǯ ƆƢǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ ǺǸưƥ ŕƷ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ǾǼǫƿ ơȂǬǴŹ ǹƗ ȄǈǼȇ ȏ ǹƗȁ śǠƥǁȋơȁ ƨǈǷƢŬơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ƤȈŸ ǹƗ ƪǨǓƗ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ ǁȂǷȋơ ǽǀǿ Śǣ ƔȆǌƥ ǶƬȀȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ȏȁ ǄƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ ǞąƥǁĄ ǹƗ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ǺǷ ǞǸǈȇ ŃƗ ǃƢǤǳơ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ ƢȈǈƬǰǴǈǳơ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ǹƢǸǓ ȏ ǹƗ .ǵƢǸƴƬǇȏơ ǶȈű ƢȈǻȂǳȂƥ Ŀ ȂǻƢǇǁȁƢȇ ńƛ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǴǇąǂȇĄ ǺȇǁƢƬƼŭơ Ŀȁ śƬǇ ǺƥƢǯ ȁƾƦȇ ȂȀǧ ƨǣǁƢǧ ǱƢǷƕ ƢĔƘǧ ǱƢǷƕ ǂŻƢȀȈƫƢǧ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛ ƢƆƟƽƢǿ ǵȂǼǴǳ Ƥǿǀȇ ȂȀǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǝȂŪƢƥ ŕƷ ǆŹ ƾǠȇ Ńȁ ƧŚƦǯ ǞǬƥ ǾȀƳȁ ǀǼǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǵȐǰǳơ ƧƽƢǟ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .ļƢǸǴǰƥ ƤȈŸ ǾǳƘǈȇ ǺăǷ ǲǰǳȁ ƆƢŹǂƬǈǷȁ .ǾƬǫĈƾǏ ƢǻƗȁ ǲȈŦȁ ȅȂǫ Ǿǻȋ ƨȈƫơǀǳơ ƨǬưǳƢƥ ƔȆǴǷ Ȃǿ .ƩơȂǼǇ ƭȐƯ 1944 Ǳȁȋơ Ǻȇǂǌƫ Ŀ ƢȈǈƬǰǴǈǳơ ƩŐǟ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ ƨǰȈǯǁ ƨƦǐǫ ńƛ ơƆǄǰƫǂǷ ƮǠƥƗ Ń ơƿƛ .ĿƢǰǳơ ǁƾǬǳƢƥ ȆǈǨǻ ǝƾƻƗ ǹƗ ƪƸų řǻȋ ƢƆƟƽƢǿ ƪǼǯ .ƤȈƴǟ Ɣȁƾđ ȆƟȁƾǿ ǹƗ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ƪƦưȇ ȏ ȆƟƢǬƥ .ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ Ǯǳƿ ǹƢǯ ƾǬǧ ǃƢǤǳơ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ .ǞǫơȂǳƢƥ ƢƆǘƦƫǂǷ ǹƢǯ ȆǈǨǼǳơ Ŀ ǂǜǼƫ ǹƗ ȆǨǰȇ :ƩȂŭƢƥ śǷȂǰƄơ ǞǷ ƨȇơƾƦǳơ ǺǷ ƾĄǟ ǕơǂǰǼȈǧ ƾĈȈǈǳơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ȏ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ) ǥǂǟ ǾǻƗ řƯƾŹ ƨƥơǂǫ ƨƴȀǴƥȁ ǾȈǳƛ ƔȆƳƗ ǹƗ ňȂǟƾȇ Ȃǿ ƾȇ ƨǯǂŞ .ǾȈǼȈǟ ƨǘǇơȂƥ ǅƾǬŭơ ȆǇǂǰǳơ :ƾȇƾƳ ǭƢǼǿ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ǾǻƗ (ǾƫƢǷȂǴǠǷ ǁƾǐǷ ǱȂǬȇ ǂǷȋơȁ Ȃǿȁ ƢǻƗ ƢǻƽƾȀƬȇ ǂǘƻ ȏ ǹƗ Ņ ǺǸǔȇ ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ Ŀȁ ..Ņȁƾǳơ ǂŧȋơ ƤȈǴǐǳơ Ŀ ƢƆǬƸǴǷ ǥȁǂǠǷ Ȃǿ ƢǸǯ ǹƢǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ƢƆǼǗơȂǷ ǹƢǯ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƆƢǠǘǫ ƾǯƚǷ .ȂǇǁơȁ Ŀ ƢǰȈƴǴƥ ƧǁƢǨǇ ǂŤ (ǲǸƸƬǳơ ƨƦǠǏ ȁƾƦƫ ƢǼǿ ƭƾƸƬǻ ƢǸǯ) ǽǀǿ ǁƢǜƬǻȏơ ǵƢȇƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ǱƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟ .ǵƢȇȋơ ƨȈǬƦƥ ƨȀȈƦǋ ȆǨǰƫ ǝȂŪơȁ ƽŐǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ǝǄǟǄƬȇ ȏ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơ .ƨȈǈǨǼǳơ ƢǻơȂǫ ǲǯ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ ƢǼǴǤǌƫ ŕƷ

136

1944 Ǳȁȋơ Ǻȇǂǌƫ ƭơƾƷƗ

ƾǠƥ ƧƾƷơȂǳơ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ŕƷ ǖǬǧ ǲǸǠǻ :Arbeitssonntag "ǲǸǠǳơ ƪƦǇ" ǵȂȈǳơ ǞǼǐŭơ Ŀ .ǍȂƸǧ Ŀ ǂŶȁ ƢǼǫȂǫƿ ǪǴŴ ǶƸƬǈǻ ŕƷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƽȂǠǻ .ǂȀǜǳơ .ǵȂȈǳơ ǹȂǰƫ ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴǈǳơ ǹƘƥ ƨǟƢǋƛ .ǒǷƢǣ ǲǰǌƥ .ƢǼǻơƿƕ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ơǀǿ :ƨǔǫƢǼƬŭơȁ ƨǫȂƯȂŭơ Śǣ ǲȈǏƢǨƬǳơ ǺǷ ǒȈǧ ǾǠǷȁ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ .ǂǌƬǻơ ŐŬơ śƯȐƯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǅƢǼǳơ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƨƟƢŭƢƥ ƨǠƦǇ ƩơƽƢȈǠǳơ Ŀ ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴȈǇ ƪǻƢǯ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ǹơǂǧȋơ ǺƻơƾǷ ǺǷ .ǃƢǤǳơ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ ơȂǴǇǁƗ ȄǓǂŭơ ǺǷ ƨƟƢŭƢƥ śƯȐƯȁ ƨǈŨ ȁƗ ǺǷ ǲǐƬǇ ƧŚƦǯ ƨȈǳƢǇǁȍ ƢƆǻƢǰǷ ǹȁĈƾǠĉ ȇĄ .ǵƢȇƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ǀǼǷ ǦȈưǯ ǹƢƻƽ ǞǨƫǂȇ ȁƢǰǻŚƥ ƔƢƸǏȋơ .ǱȂȀǰǳơ ǖǬǧ ǹȁǁƢƬź ǥȂǇ ǶĔƛ ǹƢƦǌǴǳ ǹȂǳȂǬȇ ǹƢƦǌǳơ .ǺǻǃȂƥ ȂƬȈǣ ƤȈǐƫ Ǻǳ ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴȈǈǳơ .ȄǓǂŭơ ǹȁǁƢƬź ǥȂǇ ǶĔƛ ƔƢƸǏȌǳ ǹȂǳȂǬȇ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ȅȁƿ ǱȂǘƫ Ǻǳ ƢǸǯ .ǹƢŭȋơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ǱȂǘƫ Ǻǳ ƢĔƗ ƢǸǯ .śȈǏƢǐƬƻȏơ !řǳȂǘƫ Ǻǳ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƪǻƗ ǮǳȂǘƫ ǥȂǇ Ȇǿ .ƨǔǨƼǼŭơ ȏ ƔơŐǣ ǥȂǨǏȁ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ ƧƾƷơȂǳơ ƨǟƢǈǳơ Ŀ ǖƦǔǳƢƥ ǅƢǼǳơ ǺǷ ǡǂǨȇ ǞǼǐŭơ ƢȀȈǧ Ŗǳơ ƨƦǫơǂŭơ ǕƢǬǻ ǵƢǷƗ śƬǟƢǇ ǱȐƻ ǂŤȁ ǂƻȉơ Ɣơǁȁ ơƆƾƷơȁ ǵƾǬƬƫ ƢŮ ƨȇƢĔ ƾȈǋƢǻƗ ǥǄǠƫ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǬȈǇȂŭơ ƨǫȂŪơ ǵƢǷƗ ǂŶ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ȃǂƻƗȁ ƧǂǷ ƢǼǻȁƾǠȇ ǪǈǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟȁ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ǦǫȂƫ ǹȁƾƥ ǱƢǸǰǳơȁ ǵƢǸƬǳƢƥ śƬǟƢǇ ƩƢǋǁƢǷ .ƧƽȂǠǳơ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ ǹȂƳǁƢƻ ǺŴȁ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơ ƧŚƫȁ ǞǷ ƢǼƫơȂǘƻ ƾǬǳ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ ǹƢƻƾǳơ Ʊǂţ ƺƦǘŭơ ƨǼƻƾǷȁ ƆƢǸƟơƽ ƢǸǯ Śǈȇ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ǹƗ Ǯǋ ȏ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǅǂŪơ ƩȂǏ ǞǸąǈȇĄ ƧƘƴǧ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǞȇǃȂƫ Ɨƾƥ .ƢǼǳ ǞǬȇ ƢǷ Ȃǿ ǽƢǼƦǈƷ ǙƢǬȈƬǇȐǳ ƧǁƢǋƛ ǽǀȀǧ ǂƴǨǳơ ǝȂǴǗ ǲƦǫ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ǅǂŪơ ơǀǿ ǩƾȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ŀ ǱȂƴƬǳơ ǞǼǷ ȅƗ Blocksperre ńƛ ƧǁƢǋƛ ȂȀǧ ǂȀǜǳơ Ŀ ǩƾȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ȅƗ ƣǂȀȇ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬȇ ȏ ŕƷ ǅǂŪơ ǹȂǟǂǬȇ ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴȈǇ ǹȂǰƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ .ƧŚƻȋơ ǶȀǬȇǂǗ Ŀ śƳǁƢŬơ ǎƼǋ ȃǂȇ ȏ ŕƷȁ ǎƼǋ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƣơȂƥȋơ ǪǴǣƗ ơȁƽƢǟ ƾǫ ǞȈǸŪơ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǎƸǧ ȏƆ ƢƷ .ǾƬǼȀŠ ŚƦƻ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ơƆǂǷƗ ȄǘǟƗ .ƨȈǷȂǬǳơȁ Ǻǈǳơ ƨǼȀŭơ ǶǇȏơ ƨȇȂŮơ Ƕǫǁ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƨǫƢǘƥ ƾƷơȁ ǲǰǳ ǝǃȁ ƨǫƢǘƦǳơȁ Ƨơǂǟ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ǱƢǠǼǳơ ǹȂǠǴź ȏ ǖǬǧȁ ǶȀǈƥȐǷ ǲǯ ǞȈǸŪơ ǞǴź ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ 48 ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ƕǫǁ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ńƛ ƨǼƴǴǳơ ǲǐƫ ŕƷ ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗȁ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ Ŀ .60 Ƕǫǁ ȁƗ 1 Ƕǫǁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳƢƥ ǹȁƗƾƦȇ ŕǷ ǥȁǂǠǷ Śǣ Ǿǻȋ ǹȂǴǐȇ ŕǷ ǺďǸƼ ă ǻĄ ǹƗ ǹƗ ƤƦǇ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǟƢǇ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ ǱƢƷ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ .ƢǻƽƢǈƳƗ ƔĿƾǻȁ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦǳơ ƪŢ ǺǷ Ǟƴǘǔǻ ȏ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơȁ ǶƟƢƬǌǳơ ǺǷ ǂǘǷ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǂǸĔơ ƧƘƴǧ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǹȂǈǠǼȇ ơȂƸƦǏƗ ǹȁŚưǯ ǽȁƾǟƢǈǷȁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ .ǱȂǏȂǳơ Ǯǋȁ ȄǴǟ ƨǼƴǴǳơ ǹƗ ƨǷȐǟ ơǀǿȁ .ǂǷơȁȋơȁ ǲƻơƽ ńƛ ƨƥȂǟǂŭơȁ ƨȇǁƢǠǳơ ǵƢǈƳȋơ ƩƢƻǂǐǳƢƥȁ ƩƢǔƦǬǳơ ƩƢƥǂǔƥ ǊǧƾǳƢƥ ǹȁƗƾƦȇ ǁƢƬǷƗ ƨǠƦǇ ƨǧǂǣ Ȃǿ ǵȁƢƬǈǣƢƬǳơ .ǹǄƼŭơȁ Ƨǁơƽȍơ ƨǧǂǣ Ȃǿ ȅǀǳơ Tagesraum ƨȇȁơǃ ǲǯ ȌŶȁ ƨȈǷƢƷ ƨǴƬǯ Ŀ śǗȂǤǔǷ śǨǫơȁ ǾȈǧ ǹȂǨǘǐǷ ƢǼǴǯ .ǁƢƬǷƗ ƨǠƥǁƘƥ .ƤǌŬơ ƩȂǏ ǞǸǈǻ ŕƷ ƧȂǬƥ ǹơǁƾŪơ ȄǴǟ ǖǤǔǻȁ .ƨǣǁƢǧ ȅǀǳơ ƔĿơƾǳơ ǶƸǴǳơ .ǥȂŬƢƥ ǆƸǼǳ ǹƢǰǷ ȏȁ ƪǫȁ ȏ ǵȁƢƬǈǣƢƬǳơ Ŀ ƢǼǴǯ ǹȉơ ǅƗǂǳơ Ǟǧǁ ƾƷơȂǳơ ȄǴǟ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ơƆǀȇǀǳ ƢƆǏƢƻ ƢƆǇƢǈƷƛ Śưȇ ƤǻƢƳ ǲǯ ǺǷ ǮǘǤǔȇ .ƨȇȂŮơ ƨǫƢǘƥ ȅȂǘǻ ȏȁ ƾǬǨǻ ȏ ǹƗ ǁǀūơ ƤŸȁ ƔơȂŮơ ǪǌǼƬȇ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬȇ ŕƷ ƢƆȈǳƢǟ ǹƢƸƬǨȇ ǺȇǀǴǳơ śƥƢƦǳơ ƶƬǧȁ ǵȂǼǳơ ƨǟƢǫȁ ǵȁƢƬǈǣƢƬǳơ śƥ ƣƢƦǳơ ǪǴǣƗ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ -ƢǻŚǐǷ ƾďȈǇ ƾƳȂȇ śƥƢƦǳơ Ȑǯ ǲƥƢǬǷ ƢǼǿ .ǵȁƢƬǈǣƢƬǳơȁ ǵȂǼǳơ ƨǧǂǣ ǺǷ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǦǛȂǷ ǽǁƢǈȇ ńƛȁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ǦǬȇ ǾǼȈŻ ńƛ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǺǷ ŚǤǏ ǖƥƢǓ Ǻȇǂǌƫ ǂȀǌǳ ƽǁƢƦǳơ ƔơȂŮơ ńƛ ǵȁƢƬǈǣƢƬǳơ ǺǷ ƢƆȇǁƢǟ Ʊǂź ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ƢǸǼȈƥ .ǵȂǼǳơ ƨǟƢǫ ƣƢƥ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ǲƻƾȇȁ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ńƛ ƨȇȂŮơ Ƨǂǯǀƫ ǵƾǬȇ Ǳȁȋơ Ŀ ǁǂǬȇȁ ƔơǁȂǳơ ǺǷȁ ǵƢǷȋơ ǺǷ ƧŚǐǫ Ƨǂǜǻ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǂǜǼȇ Ȃǿ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǵƢǷƗ ǂŶ ǺŴ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ "ǹȂȀǼȇ" ƨǬȈǫƾǳơ ǝƢƥǁƗ ƨƯȐƯ ǱȐƻ .ƢƆƫȂǷ ȁƗ ƧƢȈƷ ƢǻŚǐǷ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ǺǷ ǞǘǬǷ .ǾȈǼǯƢǇ ǥȏƕ Ƨǂǌǟ ǞǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǲǯ ƩƢǟƢǇ Ǟǔƥ ǱȐƻȁ ƢȀȈǧ Ǻȇǀǳơ śƬƟƢŭơ ǞǷ

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1944 Ǳȁȋơ Ǻȇǂǌƫ ƭơƾƷƗ

ǅƢǼǳơ ǖǤǓ ƢƆȈŸǁƾƫ ǎǬǼȇ ǦȈǯ ƪǈǈƷƗȁ ǵȁƢƬǈǣƢƬǳơ ƶƥǀǷ Ŀ ƢƆǇȁǂǤǷ ƪǨǫȁ ǲŧƗ ǹƗ ǱȁƢƷƗ ƢǻƗȁ ļơȂǘş ƩŐǟ ǞȈǸŪơ ǲưǷ .ȅǁȁƽ ƔƢƳ ǂǐƦǳơ ƶǸǴƥȁ ŅȂƷ ńƛ ǂǜǻƗ ǹƗ ƪǳȁƢƷ řȈǟ ƨȇȁơǃ Ŀ .ƧǃǁƢƥ ļȐǔǟȁ ơƆǂƫȂƬǷ ȅǁƾǏȁ ƆƢǟȂǧǂǷ ȆǇƗǁ .řȈǸȈǳơ ƤǻƢƴǴǳ ƪȈǘǟƗ ƾǫ ĺ ƨǏƢŬơ ƨȇȂŮơ ƨǫƢǘƥ ǹƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ ǹƢǯȁ ƔơǁȂǳơ ǺŴ ǹȉơ ŕƷ .ǽŚǐǷ śǬȈƥ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ǆƦǴǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ .ǵȂǼǳơ ƨǟƢǫ ńƛ ƽȂǠǻ ƨŧǂǴǳ ǶǠǗ ǭƢǼǿ ƾǠȇ Ń ǹȉơ .ƩȂǸǴǳ ƤǻƢƳ ȅƗȁ ƧƢȈƸǴǳ Ȃǿ ƤǻƢƳ ȅƗ ǥǂǠǻ ȏ ǂưǯȋơȁ ǁƢƦǰǳơ ǱȂƷ ǹȂǨǘǐǷ ǲǰǳơ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƨȀǧƢƬǳơ ƩơƾǬƬǠǸǴǳȁ ƩƢƥƢǈƸǴǳȁ ƨȀƳ Ȃǿ ǁƢǈȈǳơ ƨȀŪ ǶēƢǫƢǘƥ ƪȈǘǟƗ ơƿƛ .śȈǻƢǸǴǈǷ ǂưǯȋơ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ƆƢǟȂƳ .ƩȂŭƢƥ śǷȂǰƄơ schlechte Ȇǿ ǁƢǈȈǳơ ƨȀƳ ǹƗ ǞȈǸŪơ ǥǂǠȇ ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴȈǈǳơ ȆȀƬǼƫ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ .ȏƆ ȂƦǬǷ ǆȈǳ ǶȀȈǴǟ Ƕǰūơ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƩơƔƢǼưƬǇơ ǭƢǼǿ ǞƦǘǳƢƥ . ƔȆǈǳơ ƤǻƢŪơ– Seite ƩơǁƢǜǻ ǆƦǴȇ Ǿǻȋ ƢŠǁ ǁƢǈȈǳơ ƨȀŪ ƪȈǘǟƗ Ǿƫǂǯǀƫ .ǲȈŦȁ ƣƢǋ ƆȐưǷ ǾȈǼȇǁ ȆǷƢǷƗ ǂǷ ǾȈǼȇǁ Ƙǘƻ ƢǼǿ ƭƾƷ ƢŠǁ ƨȇƙǂǳơ ǁƢǐĉǫ ƧƽƢǟ ȄǴǟ ǅȂǬǷ ǽǂȀǛ ǹȋ ƢŠǁ ƲƬǼƬǈǻȁ ƩŐǳƗ ǞǷ ƭƾŢƗ ǂǰǧƗ ƢǻƗ ƨȇȂŮơ ƔƢǘǟƛ Ŀ ơȂǴƦǴƦƫ ǶĔƗ ǺǰŻ ƾȈǯƘƫ ǲǰƥȁ ƢǷ ƪǫȁ ƾǠƥ ȁƗ ơƆƾǣ ƭƽƢūơ ơǀǿ ǱȂƷ ǂǰǧƗ ơƿƢǷ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ .ơƆƾƳ ǱȂǬǠǷ ǑơǂƬǧơ ǾǻƗ .ƶǓơȁ ǅƢǈƷƛ ȅƗ œǴǫ Ŀ ǆȈǳ ǵȂȈǳơ ǖǬǧ ȅȂǫ ǲƳǁ ƢȈǻƢǨǴǈǻơǂƫ ǺǷ ǝǁơǄŭơ ǂǴȈƬǇ ǞǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƭƾƷ ǝȂǼǳơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ Ƙǘƻ ƭƾƷ ƢŲ ƢƆƠȈǋ ǶȀǨȇ Ń ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǶȀǨȇ ȏ ǂǴȈƬǇ .ǾƬȈƥ Ŀ Ǳơǃ ƢǷ ǹƢǯ ƢƆǷȂȇ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ǲƦǫ Ǿǻƛ Ǿǳ ǱȂǫƗ ǹƗȁ ǾȈǳƛ ǵƾǬƫƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ǲǿ ǾǐȈǸǫ Ǟŏǫǂȇȁ ƢȇơȁǄǳơ ȃƾƷƛ Ŀ ǦǬȇ ǾǳȂƷ !ǎȈǸǬǴǳ ƨƳƢƷ ǽƾǼǟ ƽȂǠƫ Ǻǳ ƤȇǂǬǳơ Ŀ ǆȈǳ ơǀǿ ǩȂǧȁ .ȆƸǘǈǳơȁ Ǟȇǂǈǳơ ǦȈǼǐƬǳơ .ƢƆǫȐǗƛ ƨƦȇǂǣ ƪǈȈǳ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ǽǀǿ Ȃǿ ǂưǯƗ ǶŮ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǶȀŭơ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȅȁƿ ǅƢǻƗ Ƨƾǟ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƨȈǨǐƫ ƩǂƳ ơƿƛ ǹƢŭȌǳ ƢƆǸȀǷ .ƢƆǨǴǇ ƩǁǂǬƫ ƨȇȂƠǷ Ƥǈǻ ƤǈƷ ƨǼǰǷƗ ƔȐƻƛ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ȃǂƻƗ ǺǯƢǷƗ Ŀ ƧǂǸƬǈǷ ƪǳơǃ ƢǷ Ȇǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴȈǈǳơ ƪȀƬǻơ ƢǼƬǨȇǂǏ Ŀ ǞȇǃȂƬǳƢƥ ƔƾƦǳơ ǁǂǬȇ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ƪǴǏȁ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǁȁƾǫ .ǱȂš ǞǼǷ Ŀ ǺŴ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ơǀǿ ǲǿ ǎƸǧƗ ǹƗ ƢƆǷȂȇ ƶųƗ Ń .ƨǨǟƢǔǷ ƨƦƳȁ ȄǘąǠƫĄ ƩȂŭƢƥ śǷȂǰƸǸǴǳ .ơƆǁȂǧ ǹȁǂǷǂŻ ǺăǷ ǽƢš ǂďȈƻ ǲǸǠƥ ǹȂǷȂǬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƩƢǯȂǴƦǳơ ƔƢǇƙǁ ƧǁƽƢƦŠ ǁǂǬƫ ǂǷȋơ Ȇǿ ƨǬȈǬūƢǧ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƨǸǜǻƗ ƤǈƷ ƨǔȇǂǧ ǮǳƢǼǿ ƪǻƢǯ ȁƗ ǶȀǷƢǜǻ śǷȂǰƄơ ǵơƾǟƛ ŕƷȁ ƢȈǈǰǴǈǳơ ǺǷ (ǂưǯƗ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ) ƨƯȐƯ ȁƗ śǷȂȇ ǱȐƻ ǾǻƗ .ǃƢȈƬǷȏơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǆƬȈǨǋȁƗ -ǊƬȈǧȂǻȂǷ ƢȇƢƸǓ ǞƬǸƬǈȇ ǹƢǯ ƩȂŭƢƥ ƾǠƥ ƾȇǂƫ ơƿƢǷ .ǂǜƬǼȇ ƆƢǨǫơȁ ǲǜȇ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ƨƦƳȂǳơ ǀƻƘȇ ǾǼƸǏ ǵƾǬȇ ǂǴǤȈǈƫ ǂǴǤȈǈƫ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǠǧƾƥ ǽƽǂǘȇ ƨǧƢǓƛ ǂǴǤȈǈƫ ǪƸƬǈȇ ǾǻƗ ƾǬƬǠȇ ȏ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ǾǳƘǈȇ ơȁƾȀǌȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ ǶȀǴǯȁ ƨȇǁƢǈȈǳơ ƨȈƷƢǼǳơ ƨǟƢŦ ǺǷ Ȃǿ ƐǱǀƌ ƥƎ ǲǇȂƬȇȁ ƽȂǠȇ ǀƻƗ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƨǨǟƢǔǷ ƨƦƳȂƥ ǲǷƢǯ ǪƷ Ǿǳ ǂǯơǀƬǳơ ǎƸǨȇȁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ Ƥǿǀȇ .ǲǯƘȇ ŕƷ ǽǂȇǂǇ ńƛ Ɣȁƾđ ǾƳȂƫ ƨǧƢǓȍơ ǂǷȋơ ǂƻƕ Ŀ ǺǷ ơȂƳƎǂƼ ą ȇĄ ǹƗ ǹȂǳȁƢŹ .ǺƸǐǳơ ǲǨǇƗ Ŀ ȆǬƥ ƢǷ ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ ǹȂǘƸǬȇ ǲǰǳơ ǹȉơ ȄȀƬǻơ ƾǫ ǁƢȀǼǳơ ǹƗ ƢǿƢǼǠǷ ȄǬȈǇȂǷ Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷÅ ƢǗƢǬǻ ǭƢǼǿ ǲȀǰǳơ ǹȂǯ ǞǸǈǻȁ ȃǂǻ ƮǳƢưǳơ ǪƥƢǘǳơ Ŀ ňƢǰǷ ǺǷ .ƪǸǐǳơ ƽȂǈȇ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁȁ Ń Ǿǻȋ ƅơ ǂǰǌȇ ǹȂǯ .ƧȂǬƥ ƶǻǂƬȇ ǾǇƗǁ ȄǴǟ ǾƬǠƦǫ ƉǱƢǟ ƩȂǐƥ ȆǴǐĄȇ ȅǀǳơ .ƩȂŭƢƥ ǾȈǴǟ ǶǰąƸȇĄ Ǻȇǂǌǟ Ǻƥơ ǖǬǧ Ȃǿ ȅǀǳơ .ňƢǻȂȈǳơ ȂǧƢǨǳơ ƽȂƳȁ ǚƷȐȇ ȏ ƢƆǬƷƗ ǩƢƐǧƗ Ȃǿ ǹȂǯ ǽǂǜǻ ǱǄąǼȇĄ ȏȁ ƤǣƢǌǷ ǾǼǰǳȁ Ǯǳƿ ǥǂǠȇ ȂǧƢǧ .ǃƢǤǳơ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ Ƥǿǀȇ ƾĊ ǣ ƾǠƥȁ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ǹȂǯ ǲǿ Ƨǂǰǧ ƨȇƗ ǾǼǿƿ Ŀ ǁȁƾƫ ȏȁ ǾǸǧ ƶƬǨȇ ȏ .ƨƦǷȐǳơ ǺǷ ƧŚǨǰƫ ȁƗ ƧȐǏ ƾƳȂȇ ȏȁ ǥǂǫ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈǳơ ȅǂŸ ƢǷ ǹƗ ǶȀǨȇ ȏƗ ǽǁȁƽ ƔȆŸ ƨǷƽƢǬǳơ .ơƆƾƥƗ ǂďȀǘȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ȏȁ ǾǴǠǨȇ ǹƗ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǹƢǰǷƜƥ ƔȆǋ ȅƗ ȁƗ ƣơȂƳ ȁƗ .ǹȂǯ ƧȐǏ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ƘȈǬƫƗ ƪǼǰǳ ƅơ ƢǻƗ ƪǼǯ Ȃǳ

140

ǅȁơǂǯ ǵƢȇƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ǽǀǿ .ňƢưǳơ Ǻȇǂǌƫ ǂȀǋ .ƔƢǰƦǳƢƥ ǁȂǠǋ ǭǂǏƢŹ ǂǘŭơ ǲǘȀȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƤǌŬơ ǺǷ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ǲǯ .ơƆƾƳ ƨǸƼǓ ƨǯǂƎƥ ǲưǷ Ǒǁȋơȁ ƔƢŭơ ƤȇǁơǄǷ ƢȀȈǧ ƪƸƬǨǻơ .ǲǴƦŭơ Ƥǘūơ ƨƸƟơǁ ǾǼǷ ǪƦǠƫ ƪǼǯ ƨǌȇǂǟ ƪŢ ơƆƿȐǷ ƾƳƘǇ ƪǼǯ ƆơǁƢǈȇ ƩơȂǘƻ ǂǌǟ ǭǂŢƗ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ Ȃǳ ŕƷ ƆơǁƢǻ ƢǷ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ƾƳƗ ǹƗ ǲǷƘƥ ǖǬǧ ȁƗ ȅǂȀǛ ȆǸŹ ǆȈǰƥ ȆǨƬǯƗ ǥȂǇ ǎȈǸǬǳơ śƥ ƢǿȂǌƷƗ ƨǨǋƢǻ ƨǫǂş ŕƷ ȆǨƬǯƘǇ ƪǼǯ .Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ȆǈƥȐǷ ǦǌǻƗ ȅƾȇ Ŀ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢƆǬƷ ǺǷȁƗ ƢǻƗ .ǉȂǰǼŭƢƥ ǂǨƷƗ ƢǻƗ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǂǰǧƗ ƢǻƗ ơǀǰǿ .ȅǂȀǛȁ . ơƆƾȈǠǇ ƪǼǰǳ ƨǨǋƢǻ ƨǫǂƻ ǵȂǫƗ ȏ ǹƗ ǅƢǇȋƢƥȁ ǭǂŢƗ ȏ ǹƗ ơƆǁǀƷ ǹȂǯƗ ǹƗ Ȇċ Ǵǟ .ƢǼǷƢǜǟ ŕƷ ƢǼƦǗǂȇ ǂǘŭơ .ƲǴưǳơ ǲưǷ ƽǁƢƦǳơ ƔƢŭƢƥ ƨƥǂǌǷ ǆƥȐǷ ȆǸǈƳ ǆŻ ȏ ŕƷ ƧƾȇƾƳ ƩƢǯǂŞ ǮǻƗ ǂǰǨƫ ƪǻƗ ƢǷ ƤƦǈǳ :ƣǂǣ ƔȆǋ .ƶȇǁ Ƥē Ǻǳ ǵȂȈǳơ ǀǼǷ ǾǻƘƥ ǚƷ ǭƢǼǿ Ŀ ǩǂǤƫ ǹƗ ǮǠǼŤ ǮȇȂǬƫ ƨǴȈƠǓ ƨǸȈǫ Ʃơƿȁ ƧŚǤǏ Ȃǳȁ ƨǼȈǠǷ ƢƆǧȁǂǛ ǹƗȁ ǙȂǜŰ ȏ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ǂǘǷ ǖǬǈȇ .ƧƢȈūơ ǲǏơȂƫ ǹƗ ƨȈǻƢǰǷȍơ ǮȈǘǠƫȁ ǅƘȈǳơ ƨȇȁƢǿ ǀƻƘƫ ǹƗ ǭǁȁƽ ǹƗ ǵȂȈǳơ ǥǂǠƫ ǮǼǰǳȁ ƶȇǁ Ƥēȁ ǂǘǷ ǖǬǈȇ ȁƗ ƶȇǁ Ƥē Ƥē ǂǘǷ ǖǬǈȇ ȁƗ ǝȂŪơ ǵƢǷƗ ƽȂǸǐǴǳ ǂưǯƗ ƧȂǫ ǹǄƬţ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƨȈǧƢǓƛ ƨƥǁȂǋ ŕƷ" ƔƢŭơ ǲǏȁ ơƿƛ ǮǻƗ ǮǳƢƥ Ŀ ǂǘź Ǻǰǳȁ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ ǮǬȇƢǔȇ ǝȂŪơȁ ƶȇǁ ȆǨǧ .ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ ƢƆǬƷ ƩƽǁƗ ơƿƛȁ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ƽȂǸǐǳơ ǺǷ ǺǰǸƬƫ Ǻǳ ǮǻƜǧ "ǩƢǼŬơ ǕȂǘƻ ȄǴǟ ǮǈǨǻ ǥǀǬƫ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƣǂȀǰŭơ ǁơƾŪơ ńƛ ǒǯǂǳơ ǮǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƨǜū ǲǯ ...ǂǘŭơ ǮǬȇƢǔȇ ƽȂǠȇ ȏ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǁƢǘǬǳơ ƪŢ ƾȇƾūơ ƨǰǇ ǭǂƸƬǻ ȏ ƧǃȁǄȀŭơ ƢǼǴƳǁƘƥ ǦǬǻ : ǪȈǸǟ ǲƷȁ Ŀ ǹȂǫǁƢǣ ǺŴ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ śƬȀŪơ ńƛ ƶǻǂƬǻ ǪȈǸǠǳơ ǲƷȂǳơ Ŀ ǹȐǠǼǳơ ƢǸȀƬǠǓȁ śƬǴǳơ śƬǘǬǼǳơ ǺǷ 141

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǅȁơǂǯ ƧŚƦǰǳơ ƧǂǨūơ ǖǇȁ Ŀ ǦǫƗ ƢǻƗ .Ǒǁȋơ Ŀ ƧŚƦǰǳơ ǅƘǨǳơ ƣǂǔǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ śǻȂǣ ǖǬǧ .Ǒǁȋơ ǾƳȁ ǺǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ȆǫȂǧ śǻȂǣȁ ƧǂǨūơ ǝƢǫ Ŀ ǂǻǃȁȐǯȁ ǖƦƫǂȇ ơǀǿȁ ƶȇǂƬǈȇ ȁƗ ƧŚƫȂǳơ ƾȇǄȇ ǹƗ ǅȁơǂǰǳ ǺǴǠȇ ƨǴȈǴǫ ƩƢǸǴǰƥ .ǾǳȂƷ ǂǜǼȇ ǹƗ ƢǻƗȁ .Ņƛ ƣơǂƬǳơ Ǟǧƾȇ ǅȁơǂǯ ǂǨŹ ǂǻǃȁȐǯ .ǝǁƢǌǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǂŻ ǺŠ .ǾƦǻƢƳ ńƛ ƣơǂƬǳơ ǵȂǰȇ ȅǀǳơ śǻȂǣ ńƛ ǵȂǰƬȇ ȅǀǳơ ƣơǂƬǳơ ƶȇǃƗ ǱȂǠǷ ƾǠƥ ȏƆ ȂǠǷ Ȃǿ ƢǼŭƢǟ ǲǯ ǵȂȈǳơ .ƢǼȈǼǠȇ ȏ ơǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ǺȇƗ ńƛ ǥǂǠȇ ǺăǷ ƣơǂƬǳơ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ǹȁǂƻƕ śǘǳơ ǺǷ ƨǴƬǯ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƧŚǤǏ ƨƥǂǔƥ ǅƘǨǳơ Ǟǧǂȇ ǅȁơǂǯ .ƨǻȂǠǴŭơ ƧŚƦǰǳơ ǂƠƦǳơ ǽǀǿ ƢǻƗȁ ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ Ǿǳ ƭƾŹ ƮȈƷ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ƪǈȈǳ .ȆǯǁȂƥ ǪǴǠƫ Ľ Śǘƫ ȅǁƢǤǼǿ Ȃǿ .ǞǨǼȇ ǥȂǇ ȆǷȐǯ ǹƗ ǺǷȁƗ ȏ řǻƗ ǞǷ ƆơǁǀƷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǷ ƤǴǗƗ Ƥŏǯǂă ȇĄ śǴƳǂǳơ ǲȇȂǗ .ƨȈǈǻǂǧ ƨǸǴǯ ƨȇƗ ǶȀǧƗ ȏ ƢǻƗȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴǳơ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ǶȀǨȇ ơǀǿ ǲǠǨȇ Ȃǿȁ ǮƸǔȇ Ȃǿȁ ơƆƾǳȁ ǾƦǌȇ ƨƦȇǂǣ ƧǁȂǐƥ ƱȂǟƗȁ ŚǤǏ ǾƳȁ ƩơǁƢǜǻ ǲǯ Ŀ ŚǧȂƬǳơ Ǻǧ ƢǼǷ ƾǠƥ ǶǴǠƬȇ Ń .ơƆƾƳ ŚƦǯ ǕƢǌǼƥ ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǲǸǠȇ .ơƆǁơǂǷ ȆǬǴƫ ǲǔǧȋơ ǺǷ ǹƗ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ .ǁƢǰǧȋơ ŕƷȁ ƩƢǯǂūƢƥ ǆǨǼƬǳơȁ ŚǧȂƬǳơ .ƔȆǋ .ƢƆǬƷ ƩȂŶ ȃȂǬǳơ ǁơȂƻ ǺǷ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƣǂǔǳơ ǺǷ ƾƷƗ ƩȂŻ ȏ ƧƽƢǟ Ǿǻȋ ƩƢƥǂǔǳơ .ȆƼĄǷ ǲďǠǨƊ ȇĄ Ǳơǃ ƢǷ Ȃǿ .ƾǟȂŭơ Ǻǟ ƩǂƻƘƫ ƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ƗƾƦŭơ ơǀǿ ǶǴǠƬǻ ǹƗ ńƛȁ ŚǤǏ ǦǛȂŭ ƨȈƦǣ ƧƽƢǟ ǲƥ ǪǘǼǸǴǳ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǠǨƫ ơǀǿ ǆȈǳ śǰǈŭơ ǅȁơǂǯ Ƣȇ ȏ ǾȈǿ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ ǾƳǁƢƻ ơƆƽȂǠƬǷ ǹƢǯ ƢǸǯ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ Ǿǳ ȁƾƦȇȁ ƢǼǿ Ƣđ ƔƢƳ ǲǸǟ ƢǸǴǯ ǾǻƗ ǽȂǸǴǟ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǶĔȋ .ƧƾȈǨǷȁ ƨȈǬǘǼǷ .ƧƾȈŧ ƧƽƢǟ Ȇǿ ǲǸǠǳơ ǩȐƻƗ ǂưǯƗ ǲǯƘǻȁ ǂưǯƗ ƶƥǂǻ ơǀǰǿ ǂưǯƗ ǹƢǈǻȍơ Regardez-moi ça!... Pas si vite, idiot ! 41 ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ńƛ ǶƳǂƬȇ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǹƗ ǂǯǀƬȇ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ :ȄǴǟƗ ǺǷ śǻȂǣ ǶƬǌȇ

!ǲƦǿƗ Ƣȇ ƨǟǂǈǳơ ǽǀđ ǆȈǳ !ǾȈǳƛ ơȁǂǜǻƗ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 41 142

ǅȁơǂǯ

langsam du blöder Einer, Langsam verstanden? 42 ȏ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǾȈǴǟ ǭȁŐǷ ǲǸǠǳơ Ŀ ǾǈǨǻ ǲƬǬȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ǅȁơǂǯ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǞǸąǈȇĄ.ǾǴǸǟ ƧŚƫȂƥ ǖƦƫǂǷ ƢǼǴǸǟ ƧŚƫȁȁ ƨǴǈǴǇ Ŀ ǲǸǠǻ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǵȂȈǳơ ơǀǿ ǲǠǨȇ ƪƸƦǏƗ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ǹƗ ǽƢǼǠǷ ơǀǿȁ ǄȈǴųȍơ ȃǂǇȋơ ƽȂǠȇ ǲȈǴǫ ƾǠƥ .ǞǼǐŭơ Ŀ ŚǨǐǳơ .ƨǈǷƢŬơ ƢǿƾǼǟ ǹȂǰƫ ƨǟƢǈǳơȁ ƩƢȈǻơǂǯȁȋơ ƩƢȈƬǨǳơ ǂŤ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .ǦǐǼǳơȁ ƨǠƥơǂǳơ ŐǠǻ ǹơȁ ƨȈǻƢƯ ȆǌŶ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ȆǬƥ ƨƷơǂƬǇȏơ ŕƷ Ǿǻȋ ƢǻǁȂȀǛ Ǟǧǂǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ .ǎƸǨǳơȁ ǑơǂǠƬǇȏơ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǦƷǄȇ ǂƥƢǠŭơ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƪǧǃƗ -AntretenǱơ ǵƢǠǳơ ǝƢǸƬƳȏơ ƨǟƢǇ .ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ńƛ ǲǸǠǳơ ƩơȁƽƗ ǹȁƾȈǠȇ ƧǂƴƸƬŭơ ǶǿƔƢǔǟƗ ǹȂǘǌǼȇ ƨǴȇǄǿ ƩƢǟơĈǄǧ ǖŏǬǼȇ ƔƢŭơȁ ȆǌŶȁ ƨǬǳƢǟ ƤȈǫƢƦǬǳơ ǲǜƫ ȏ Ȇǰǳ ǁǀŞ ƧǂǨūơ ǺǷ ƢǼǴƳǁƗ Ǟǧǂǻ ǺŴ ǹƗ ƪǳȁƢƷ .ƨƯȐƯ ƨƯȐƯ Zu dreien .ƧƽȂǠǳơ ƧŚǈǷ Ŀ ǦǬǻ Ȇǰǳ ƶǻǂƬǻȁ ƢĈǼǷ .ǵȂȈǳơ Ȅǔǫ ǦȈǯ ǾǳƘǇƗ ǹƗ ȅƽȂƥȁ ƨǨǴƬű ǺǯƢǷƗ Ŀ ƢǼǴǸǟ ǵȂȈǳơ ƩŐǳƗ ƣǂǫ ǦǫƗ ƣǂǬƥ ƪǨǫȂƫ řǻƗ Ƥƴǟ ȅƗ ƔơǁȂǳơ ńƛ ƩǂǗ ƢǻƗȁ řǘƦƥ řǠǧƽ ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǅȁơǂǯ Links, links, links43 ǚǧ ƩȂǐƥȁ ƧŚƫȂƥ ǂǷơȁȋơ ȆǘǠȇ ȂƥƢǰǳơ .ǭǂƸƬǻ Ŀ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǵȂȈǳơ .Ǧź ǂƫȂƬǳơȁ .Ƙǧƾƫ Ɔơƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǠƳȂƬǷ ǲƳǁȋơ ƨȇơƾƦǳơ Ŀ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ǻǳȁ ƨǷƢȈǬǳơ ǵȂȇ ńƛ ǂǸƬǈȇ ǥȂǇ ǾǻƗ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ Ɨƾƥ ȅǀǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ ơǀǿ ƾǠȇ Ńȁ ƆƢȈǈǼǷȁ ƢƆǷȁǄȀǷ ȄǬǴǷ Ȃǿ ǹȉơ .ǾƫƢǜū ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ƢǼǷǄǿ ƾǫ Ƣǿ ǾǠǘǬǻ ǲǘȀȇ ƢŠǁ .ǵȂȈǳơ ǲưǷ ǹȂǰȈǇ ƾǤǳơ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ .ƾƷƗ Ƨǂǯơƿ Ŀ ơƆǂƯƗ ǪƎÊ ƦąĄȇ Ń .ƢƆǸƟƢǫ ƢŠǁȁ ƣǂūơ ȆȀƬǼƫ ƢŠǁȁ .ƧǁƢƴūơ ǱƎǄǼąǻĄ ǂǨŴ ǹƗ Ǳƾƥ ƢŠǁȁ ƆơŚưǯ ȁƗ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ǂǘŭơ ǶȈǫƗ ǹƗ ǀǼǷ ŚƦǯ ŚȈǤƫ ƭƾŹ ƢŠǁ .ǂƻƕ ǂǰǈǠǷ ńƛ ƢǼǻȂǴǬǼȇ ȁƗ .ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼǻȂǴƬǬȇ ơƆƾǣ

ƪǸȀǧ ǲǿ Ɔơƾȇȁǁ .œǣ Ƣȇ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ

42

.ơƆǁƢǈȇ ƆơǁƢǈȇ ơƆǁƢǈȇ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 43 143

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǂǰǨȇ ǹƗ ǾǳƢƥ ȄǴǟ ǂǘź ǺăǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .Ʃ Ċ ƕ ŚȈǤƬǳơ ơǀǿ ǹƘƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǹȂƥȁƢǼƬȇ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƨȇƾƳ ǲǰƥ ƾǤǳƢƥ ǂǠǌǳơ ǺǷ ƪȈƥ ŅƢƦƥ ǂǘƻ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ŖǷƢǫƛ ƧǂƬǧ ǲǯ .ƨƦȇǂǣ ƧơƽƗ Ȇǿ Ƨǂǯơǀǳơ :ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷǃ ǀǼǷ ȆǫƢǧǁ ƾƷƗ ǾƦƬǯ ǵȂȇ ļƘȇ ǥȂǇȁ ơƆƾǣ :ǱȂǬǻ ǹƗ ǶǠǗ ǾǠǷ ƽȂǠȇ ȏ ƨǤǴƥ "ơƆƾƥƗ ǹȂǰȇ Ǻǳ" :ǱƢǬȇ ǦȈǯ ǹȂǧǂǠƫ ǲǿ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǞǓȂǳơ Ȃǿ ơǀǰǿ .ƢƆƷƢƦǏ ơƆƾǣ – Morgen früh :ǂǰǈǠŭơ ȄǴǟ ƨƦǛơȂŭơ ƤŸ ƨǟƢǇ -links, links, links und linksǱơ ƨǟƢǇ ǹȉơ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ Ǿǻȋ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǺǷ ƨǘƦǳ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ǀƻƗ ƾǬǳ .ǲǋƢǨǳơ Ȃǿ ǅȁơǂǯ .Śǈǳơ ƨǰȈǯǁ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǤǳ ǺǗǂȇȁ .ǺȇƾȈǳơ ƩơǁƢǋƛ ƧƾǟƢǈŠ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ȃǿ Ƣǿ .ƤŸ ƢǸǯ ȆǌŻ Ȃǿ ǹȉơ ŕƷ .ȆǴǟ ƪǠǫȁ Ŗǳơ śǘǳơ ƨǴƬǯ ȄǴǟ ƵƢǸǈǳơ ƢƆƦǳƢǗ Ņ ō ƛ ǾƳȂƬȇ Ǟũƛ Ǟũƛ ǹȁƾȇǂǧ ǅƢǻƗ Ƕǿ śȇǁƢǤǼŮơ ǹƗ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ǺǷ ǂǨǷ ȏ ǊȈǠȇ ŃƢǟ ȅƘƥ ǶȀǨȇ ȏ .ǶȀǟȂǼƥ ƢǻƗ ǹȉơ .ƨǼǰŲ Śǣ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƨǸȀǷ -ƧƾǬǠǷ Ƨǂǰǧ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǂǈǨƫ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŢȁ ȆǌŤ ǹƗ ȆǘǤƫ Ŗǳơ ǂǘŭơ ǕƢǬǻ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ǾȈǼȈǟ ȃǁƗ .ǾǷƢǷƗ ǂǜǼȇ ǹƗȁ ǾƬȈǌŠ ǖǴǤȇ ȏ ǹƗ ǽǁǀƷƗ .ǹƢǈǻƛ ƢǼȈǟ ǅȁơǂǯ ƢǼȈǟ ǾȈƫǁƢǜǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢŠǁȁ .ǹȉơ ǾǐǫƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ǵƢǿ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ƭƾƷ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ƪǐƸǧȁ Ʃƾǟ ƨǴŦ ǲǯ ƾǠƥ .ƢǿƾǼǟ ǂǷȋơ ƭƾƷ ǾƦƦǈƥ ȅǀǳơ ƤƦǈǳơ ǆǨǼǳ ǾǐǫƗ .ƪǴǫ ƢǷ ǶȀǧ ƾǫ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ƽơǂǧƗ ǞǷ ǆǴƳƗ ǾȈǧ Ʃƾǳȁ ȅǀǳơ ƪȈƦǳơ ŖȈƥ Ŀ řǻƗ ƪǸǴƷ řǻƗ Ǿǳ ƪǐǐǫ ǹƢǯ .ƨǳȁƢǘǳơ ƪŢ ƔƢƻǂƬǇƢƥ ȆǴƳǁ ƾǷƗ Śưǰǳơ ǵƢǠǘǳƢƥ ƨƠȈǴŭơ ƨǳȁƢǘǳơ ǱȂƷ ŖǴƟƢǟ Ƕă ǳĉȁă ǆȈǳȂƥƢǻƗ Ŀ ǶǠǻ ǶǠǻ ǆȈǳȂƥƢǻƗ Ŀ . ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ ȃǂƳ ǂǷȋơȁ ƢƆǨȈǏ ƪǫȂǳơ ǵƾǬƫƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǅǂŪơ ǹǂȇ ƧƘƴǧȁ .ǲȈǏƢǨƬǳơ ȄǴǟ ǁơǂǏȎǳ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟ ȏ 144

ǅȁơǂǯ

ǽǂǠǋ śũ ǾǸǈƳ ǶǸƸƬǷȁ ȆǬǻ .ǾǈǨǼƥ ŅƢƥ ǅȁơǂǯ ǽƢȇƛ ȃǁƗ ǺăǷȁ .ƶƬǧȋ ȂǴȈǰǳơ ȅȁƿ ǺǷ ǄƦƻ ǦȈǣǁ ǽƾȇ Ŀȁ ǂƷ ǹƢǈǻƜǯ ƢƆǈƥȏ ǾǇƗǁ ǩȂǧ ǥȂǠǼǷ ǾƫȂǟƽ Servus Pali. wie geht's44 ơƆǁƢƷȁ ƢƆƳǃƢǗ ǦȈǣǂǳơ Ǳơǃ ƢǷ .śǷơǂǣ ǺǷ ƔƢƳ ǾǻƗ ǂǈǧƗ ƢǻƗ .ǅȁơǂǯ Ȃǿ ǺăǷ ŖǴƟƢǟ ƔƢǼƥȋ ƪƷǂǋȁ .ǲƻƾȇ ǹƗ ƵǂǨƥ ǲǯƘȇ ǹƗ ǾƬȈǘǟƗ . ǹȉơ ƢǸǯ ƆȐǴƦǷ ǹƢǯ Ǿǻȋ :ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ ǲǴƦǷ Ȃǿ ơƿƢŭȁ ƪǈƥơƽȂƥ ǺǷ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆȐȈǳ ƪǫȂǳơ ǹƢǯ .ǵƢǼȇ ŕƷ ƢƆŹǂǷ ơƆǂȇǂǇ Ǿǳ ƪƷǂƬǫơ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƣǂǌȇȁ ƪǼǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ ǶǠǻ ) ƢǼƥƢȈƯ ƪǨǌǻ ƨǜū Ŀ ơǀǰǿȁ ŅȂƥƢǻ Ŀ ƧǁƢūơ ŅƢȈǴǳơ ǮǴƫ .(ơƆƾƳ Ȑ Ɔ ǴƦǷ Ŀ ƢǼǿ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ǺǷ ǺǗơȂǷ Ȃǿ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǅȁơǂǯ Ȃǿ ǞƟơǁ ƣƢǋ ȅƗ ǺǷ ǾƬǜƷȐǷ ǺǰŻ ơǀǿȁ ƆȐȇȂǗ ƢƆǼǷǃ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǊȈǠȇ ǹƗ ǲǷƗ ȅƗ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳ ǂǰǈǠŭơ řǻȋ ǦǇƘƬǷ ƢǻƗ .ƩƢȈǓƢȇǂǳơ Ŀ ƨȇǂǜǼǳơ ǺǿŐƫ ƢǸǯ ǂǷȋơ ǺǿŐȇ ǹƗȁ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǜǼǳơ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơ ƨǤǴƥ ƢƆȈƳǁƢƻ ǃǂƥ ơǀǿȁ .ơƆƾȇƾǋ ơƆǂƯƘƫ ƩǂƯƘƫ ƾǬǳ ƨȇǁƢǤǼŮơ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ ƨȈǳƢǨƬƷȏơ Ǿȇƾȇ ƩƢǯǂƷ ƤǈƷ Ǻǰǳȁ Ȇũơ ǂǯǀȇ ǾǻƗ ǖǬǧ ƪǸȀǧ .ƨƦȇǂǤǳơ ƨȇǁƢǤǼŮơ .ƾƥȋơ ńƛ ȆǬȇƾǏ ǹȂǰȈǇ ǾǻƗ ǶǈǬȇȁ ƘƦǼƬȇ ǾǻƗ ǁƾǫƗ ƢǻƗ ơǀǿ ǲǯ Ŀ ƨǬȈǬūơ ǺǷ Ƨǁƿ ƾƳȂƫ ȏ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟ Ȃǳ ƤȈǈƬŭơ śǰǈŭơ ǅȁơǂǯ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǽǀǿ ơƾǟ ƢǷ ȅǂǜǻ Ŀ ǲǷƢǯ ǂǨǏ Ȃǿȁ ƆƢǫȐǗƛ ǾȈǴǟ ǶǴƷƗ Ń řǻƗȁ ǖȈƄơ ǂǘŭơȁ ƽŐǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ ơƾǟ ƢǸȈǧ ƢǼǿ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǲưǷ ǲȈǗƢƥȋơ ǲǗƢƥ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ .ƢǼƥ

ǮǳƢƷ ǦȈǯ .ŅƢƥ Ƣȇ ƢƆǷȐǇ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ-ƨȇǁƢǤǼŮƢƥ 145

44

Die drei Leute vom Labor45 ǺǷ ƢǻǁǂŢ ǵȂȇ ǺǷ ǂċ Ƿ ƪǫȂǳơ ǺǷ Ƕǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ ǀǼǷ ǁȂȀǋ Ƨƾǟ ƩĈǂǷ ǱȁƗ Ǻȇǂǌƫ Ŀ ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴȈǈǳơ ǺǷȁ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ Ŀ ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ǵȂȇ ǺǷȁ ĺ-Ƣǯ ƨƬǇ ƢǼǿ ńƛ ƢǼǴƻƽ .ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ƩŐǳƗȁ ƢǻƗ ǹȁǁƢƬŰ ƨǴƠǇȋơ ǽǀǿ ǱȂƷ ŕƷ ƔƢȈƷƗ ơȂǬƥ ǖǬǧ ǹȁǂǌǟȁ ƨǠǈƫ ƆƢǨǳƗ 74 Ƕǫǁ ƧǂǨǈǳơ Ŀ ƆƢȈǳƢǘȇơ ǹȂǠǈƫȁ ƾƷơȁ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴȈǈǳơ ƾǠƥ ƧŚƻȋơ ǶȀǬȇǂǗ Ŀ ơȂƦǿƿ ƨȈǻƢť .ǱȁƗ Ǻȇǂǌƫ Ƕǯȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƨǼǈǳơ ŕƷ ǹȂǬƦȇ ǥȂǇ ƢǼǷ Ƕǯ .ǾǳȁƗ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ƔƢƬǌǳơȁ .ǹȁǂǌǟȁ ǞȈƥǂǳơ ŕƷ ǕȂǬǈǳƢƥ ƲǴưǳơ Ɨƾƥ ňƢưǳơ Ǻȇǂǌƫ Ŀ .ȂŪơ ǺǷ ǦǐǬǳơ ǦǫȂƫ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ ǀǼǷ ǺǷ ƩƢǠƦǬƥ ƨȈǴƻơƾǳơ ǆƥȐŭƢƥ ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ǹȂƠȈŸ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơȁ ǹƢŭȋơ .ƤƟơǂŬơ ȄƐǘǣȁ ȃǂƳ ƢǻǂǰǈǠǷ Ŀ .ƧǃƢƬŲ ȁǂǧ ǦǗƢǠŠ ǹȂƠȈŸ ǄȈǴųȍơ .ƶȇǂǳơ ƾǓ ǦǗƢǠǷȁ ǺǘǬǳơ ƧƽƢǟ ƔơŐŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ǺŴ .ƨǏƢŬơ ƩơǃƢȈƬǷȏơ ȅȁƿ ǒǠƦǳ ǖǬǧ ǦǗƢǠǷ ǞȇǃȂƫ .ƨȈǨȈǐǳơ ǆƥȐŭƢƥ ƢǻȂǬƥƗ Ǯǳǀǳ ňƢƦŭơ ǲƻơƽ ǲǸǠǻ ǶǈŪƢƥ ƨǬȈǐǴǳơ ƧƽƢŭơ .ƢƫƢƥ ǲȈǻƢƥ ǅƢȈǯƗ ǲǬǼƥ ǲǸǠǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹȂȇȁƢǸȈǯ ƢǼǻȋ ƢǼǣǂǧƗ .ǽȂƳȂǳơ ǺǷ ƪƬǨƬƫ ǩȁǂƄơ ƾǴŪơ ǺǷ Ǟǘǫ ǍŐǳơ ǲưǷ ǾȈǴǟ ǂƯƚƫȁ ǩȁǂǠŭơ ǦǫȂƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .ǦȈǐǳơ ǖǇơȁƗ Ŀ ǦǐǬǳơ ƩơǁƢǣ ƩƗƾƥ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹǄƼŭơ Ŀ ƢȀƦƫǂǻȁ ǅƢȈǯȋơ ƾȈǠǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ ǹǄƼŭơ ńƛ ǅƢȈǯȋơ ƢǻƾǟƗ ǦǐǬǳơ ǁƢȀǼǳơ ǱȂǗ ƢǼǬǧơǂƫȁ ƧƾȈƷȂǳơ ƢǼǈƥȐǷ ƢȀƬǐƬǷơ ƢƫƢƦǴȈǻƢǨǴǳ ƨȀȇǂǰǳơ ƨƸƟơǂǳơ .ǾǴƻơƽ ơȁǀƻƗ ǹȁǂƻȉơ :ŅƢƬǳơ Ȇǿ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ƩƢȈǴǔǧƗ ǹȉơ ŕƷ .ƢǼǴǜǯ ǲȈǴǳơȁ ƢƆǷơǂǣȂǴȈǯ śǈǸŬơ Ʃơȁƿ ƪǼũȍơ ǅƢȈǯƗ ǹȂǴǸŹ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ȏ ǺŴ ƨƠǧơƽ ǆƥȐǷ

.ƨƯȐưǳơ ŐƬƼŭơ ǱƢƳǁ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 45 146

Die drei Leute vom Labor

ƩƢǻƢƸƬǷơ ǞǷ ơƿƢǷȁ .ƢƆǷơǂǣȂǴȈǯ śƬǈǳơ Ʃơȁƿ ǺǷ ƢƫƢƦǴȈǼǧ ǅƢȈǯƗ ǀƻƘǻ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǱȂƷ ƩơǂǷ ǞƥǁƗ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ơȂǸǴǰƫ ǦȈǐǳơ ǱȐƻ ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ ǵƢǿȁƗȁ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǺǷ ǹȁǁƢƬƼȈǇ ǶĔƗ ƩƢǟƢǋƛ ƩǂǌƬǻơȁ 939 ƧǁƢǸǠǳơ Ŀ ǊƬȈǧȂǻƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƾǳơ ŐƬű .ƢȈǈƫơǃǂǸȈǳȂǨǳơ ǶǈǬǳ ǲǴƄơ ƨǯǂǠŭơ ǾǠǷȁ ƔƢƬǌǳơ .ƩƗƾƥ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǯǂǠŭơ ȄȀƬǻơ ǦȈǐǳơ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ȄȀƬǻơ ǁƢȀǼǳơ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǺǷ ƨǟƢǇ ǲǯ .ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǯǂǠŭơ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ Ǯǋ ŇƽƗ ǹȁƾƥ .ƧŚƻȋơ .ǂưǯƗ ƾǸǐǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳ ǞǗƢǫ ƣơȂŪơ :ƢǻƔƢǔǟƗ ǱƘǈǻ .ƢǻƾǈŪ ƪǐǼǻ ǺŴ ǵƢǘƷ ȃȂǇ ǆȈǳ 939 ƧǁƢǸǟ Ǧǐǻ ƣǂƬǬȇ Ƕǈūơ ǹƗȁ ƨȇƢȀǼǳƢƥ ƩơǁƢǋƛ ƢǼǳȂƷ ƢȀȈǧ ǹƢǯ Ŗǳơ ŚǇơȂŭơ ȄǴǟȁ ƱȂǟƗ ƾȇƾƷ ƧǁȂǈǰǷ ƩƢǯȂǴƥ ƧǁƢƴƷ ǹƢǘȈƷ ǲưǷ ƨǨȈưǯ ȆȀǧ ƤǟǂǷ ǂǜǼǷ Ʃơȁƿ ƲǴưǳơ ǺǷ ǲƬǰǯ ǹȉơ ƨǬǴǠǷ ƉǱƢǟ ǖǤǓ ƧǂǷ .ƔƢǼƦǳơ ƧƾǸǟƗ ƔȆǌƥ ǚƷȐƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƪǐǼƫ ƪǻƗȁ ǩǂǌǳơ ǺǷ ƶȇǂǳơ Ƥē ƢǷƾǼǟ .Ɣȁƾǿ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ .ƢǼǷ ƣǂƬǬƫ ƨȀƦŪơ ƨǔǷƢǤǳơ Ǒǁȋơ ƪŢ ƩơǃơǄƬǿȏơ ǺǷ .ȆǇȁǂǳơ ǊȈŪơ ǵƾǬƫ ƪǫȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǽȐƻƗ ȅǀǳơ ƱƽȂǳ ȂƬȈǣ ǺǷ ŚǇƗ ƨƟƢťȐƯ ǲǏȁ ǲƦǫ ǹƢŭȋơ ȄƐǨǏ ǦȈǯ ơȂǐǫ Ǯǳǀǯ .ȂǇǁơȁ ȂƬȈǣ Ŀ ǞƟơǂǳơ ƽǂǸƬǳơ ƧǁƢǌƥ ƢǼǳ ơȂƦǴƳ ŃƢǠǳơ .ƨǫǂƬŰ ǦƟơǂǏȁ Ƣȇơȁǃ ǞƥǁƘƥ Ǧǐǫ ƩƢǼȈǯƢǷ ǞƥǁƗ śǴƥȂǳ ǂǰǈǠǷ ƨǼǇ Ƣǻǁȁƽ ƔȆŸ ŕǷ .ơƆƾƥƗ ƢƆƠȈǋ Ǯǳƿ Ǻǟ ǥǂǠȇ Ǻǳ ȅǁƢǔūơ ƾȇǁȂǴǯ Ƕǈǫ ǺǷ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǱƢƳǂǳơ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǩăǂǧĉ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǲōǰǋ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ơǀǿ ƔǖƦƥ ǹȂǨƷǄȇ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀȁ ǹȂƳǂź Ƕǿ .ǵȂȈǈȈǼǣƢǷ ƾȇǁȂǴǯ ńƛ ǹȂƦǿǀȇ ǵȂȈǈȈǼǣƢǷ ǽƢȈŠ ǲǴƦƬǻ ǵȂȈǳơ ǲǯ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƤǠǏ ǵȂȈǈȈǼǣƢǷ ƾȇǁȂǴǰǳơ Ŀ ǲǸǠǳơ ǹȋ ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǫ .ǶǈŪơ ƾǴƳȁ ǆƥȐŭơȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƤŏǗǂȇ ȅǀǳơ ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ ƾǸųȁ ƨūƢǷ ƨȇȂƬǴǷ ƨǯǂŞ .ǶȀǈǨǻƗ Ǻǟ ǹȂǠǧơƾȇ Ƕǿ .ƨǟȂǸĐơ ȄǴǟ ǾǧǀǬȇȁ ơƆǂƴƷ Ǟǧǂȇ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǲǯ ǾǈǨǻ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǠȇ ǂǷȋơȁ .ƨǸƟơƽ ƧƽƢǟ ńƛ ǱȂŢ ơǀǿ .Ȇǌŭơ ƧŚƫȁ ǹȁƾȇǄȇ ȏ Ǻǰǳȁ . ǂǔȇ ǹƗ ƾǐǬȇ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǹƛ ǱȂǬǳơ ǺǰŻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǆȈǳȁ ƵƢƦǏ 147

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ǻȇǀǳơ ƨǠƥǁȋơ ǶȀǴǸǟ ńƛ ǹȂƦǿǀȇ -ǑƢƷǂŭơ-ScheisshausǱ ƨǠƥǁȋơ ǱƢƳǂǳơ ƪǴǏȁ ǹƗ ǀǼǷ ǾǻƗ ƨǧǂǠŭơ ƤŸ .ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ǹȂƳǂź ƧƾȇƾŪơ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ơȂǼƦȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǕơǂǫȁŚƦǳơ .ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳƢƥ ǢǼǴƬǨȈŮơ ƶŏǴǈǻ ǺŴ ƢȈǼȈǨǴȈǈǻơǂƫ ǺǷȁ ƱƽȂǳ ǺǷ ƩƢȈǳƢǇǁȍơ Zweiplatziges ƨǷƢǫƜƥ ƶũ ƨǸǜǻȋơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǟ Ǳȁƚǈŭơ ȅǂǈǳơ ňƢŭȋơ ƨǏƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴǳ śƬǧǂǤǳơ Ʃơȁƿ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ȅƗ Kommandoscheisshaus ƶǓơȁ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǻƢǰǷ Ʃơƿ ƢǼƥ ƨǏƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ǲǠŝ ǶƬĔ ȏ ǹƗ śǳƢƦǷ ȏ ƢǼǈǳ .ƢǼƥ ƧƾďȈŪơ ƨǠȇǁǀǳƢƥ ƲƴƸƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ȏ ǹȉơ ǺǷ ƶƥǂǳơ ƩȁƢǇ ǾȈǧ ƧǁƢǈŬơ Ǫūơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ȅǂǼǿ ǱƢǫ "ǵǄǴȇ ǲƦǼǳơ" .śȈǻƾŭơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ ȆǬƬǴǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ ȏȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ǺǷ ƣƢȈǤǴǳ ơƆƾƳ .Ƨǁȁǂǔǳơ ƨǟƢǇ Ŀ ơȁƾǟƢǈȇ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ ǹȁǂƻƕ ƾƳȂȇ ǾǻƗ Ǻǟ ǹȏȁƚǈŭơ ǹƢǼƯȍơ .Ƕǿơƽ ǂƬǈȇƢŭ . ƧǁƢƴūơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴǁ ǂǌǟ ƢǼƯȍơ ƽơĈƾūơ .ĺ-Ƣǯ ńƛ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ơǀǿ ǲƻƽ ƢǰǳȂǷȂǿ .ƨƯȐƯ ǎǬǼȇ Ƕǯ .ƔƢŭơ ƩƢǻơǄƻ ȂƥƢǰǳơ .ơƆƾďȈƳ ǹƢǯ ƾĈ Ǡǳơ .ơƿƢŭȁ ǺȇƗ ńƛ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ǲĉǬǻĄ ơȂǈǻơǂǧȁ ǆǷƗ ƩƢǷ śǠƥƢƬǳơ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢǸưǳơ ǺŴ ǖǬǧ ƢǼȈǬƥ .ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ơȂƳǂƻ ǲǰǳơ .ǲďƴǈȇ ƉǑơǁ !ƢǼƠƳȂǧ ǦȈǐǳơ ǩǂƥȁ ƾǟǁ ǲưǷ ƧƘƴǧ .ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ǺǷ śȈǘǼǼǷȁŐǳơȁ ƢƫƢƦǴȈǼȈǨǴǳ ơȁŚƬƻơ ǢǼǴƬǨȈŮơ ǺǷ ƨƯȐƯ ǹƛ ǲǸǠǳơ ǂȇƾŭ ǺǴǟƗ ǊƬȈǧȂǻƢƥ ǁȂƬǯƽ" ǱȂǬȇ ȂƥƢǰǳơ – 174517 ǱơƾǻƢǯ-175633 ǁƢȈǯǂƥ– 169509 .ƩơŐƬƼŭơ Ŀ ǲǸǠǴǳ ȆǨȈǳ ƨƯȐƯ ǺŴ .ƢǼǳȂƷ ǎǫǂƫ ƢǻȂƦǳơȁ ǹƢǼǐƫ ȅƢǻƿƗ ƪǻƢǯ ƨǴǷƢǯ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǱȐƻ .ȆǨȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ 98 ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Ŀ Hundert Vierundsiebzig Fünf Hundert Siebzehn46 .ǺȇǁƢƬƼŭơ ƨƯȐưǳơ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ƢǻƗ .Ǯǳƿ Ŀ Ǯǋ ȏ ȅŚǣ ǆȈǳȁ ƢǻƗ Ȃǿ

174517 :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 46 148

Die drei Leute vom Labor

ȆǰȈƴǴƥ .ƔȅǄȀƬǈȇȁ ǂƼǈȇȁ ǲǨǇȋơ ńƛ ȄǴǟȋơ ǺǷ Ǿƫǂǜǻ Ŀ ƢǼǈȈǬȇ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ƨƯȐưǳơ ǹƗ ơǀǿ ǦȈǯ ǹȂȈǈǻǂǧ– Franzosen ƨƯȐƯ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ŅƢǘȇơ ňƢǷȁǁ ŐƬƼŭơ Ȇǿȁ ǹƾǟ ƨǼƳ ńƛ ǹȂưǠƦȇ ǺȇǃȂǈǻơǂǧ ƨǗƢǈƦƥ .ƩŐǳƗ ǹƢǯÅ ƢƷǂǧ ǶǿǂưǯƗ .ơƆƾďȈƳ ǹƢǯ ƢǼǜƷ ǹȋ ơȂƷǂǧ ǹȁŚưǯ ƔȐǷǃ ƨǫơƾǐǳơ ǺǷ ƢƆǫȐǘǻơ Ƶǂǧ ǾǻƗ ǲƥ ƨǏǂǧ ƩȂǨȇ ȏ ǾǻƗ ǖǬǧ ǆȈǳ .ƾǈƷ Ƨǁƿ ǹȁƾƥȁ ȅȂǫ ǦǴƷ ƢǼȈǴǯ śƥ .ƾĈȈŪơ ȆǜƷ ǺǷ ƾȈǨƬǈȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƘǋ ǺǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ Ǿǻȋȁ ƨǬȈǬūơ .ȅȁƢǈƬǳƢƥ ǾǬȇƾǏ ǞǷ ǶǇƢǬƬȇ ƢȀǬȈǬŢ Ŀ ƢǻƾƷƗ ƶƴǼȇ ǵƢǠǗ ƨǧƢǓƛ ǲǯ Ŀ ƮȈƷ ǹƢǈǻƛ ƩŐǳƗ .ŐƬƼŭơ ńƛ ǲƻƾȇ ǹƗ ƽǂȇ Ńȁ ǲǷƘȇ Ń Ǿǻȋ ňƾǈŹ ǹƗ ƤƦǇ ǽƾǼǟ ǆȈǳ ǞǫȂƬŭơ Śǣ ńƛ ǱȂȀĐơ ńƛ ǲȈŻ Ȃǿ .Ǿǳ ƢƆƦǇƢǼǷ ǆȈǳ ƨǸǜǻȋƢƥ ǵơǄƬǳȏơȁ ƆơƾƳ ǲǬƬǈǷ ƩƢǟơǂǐǳơȁ ƩƖƳƢǨŭơ ƽƽǂƫ ǹȁƾƥ ƧƾĈȈƳ "ƨǨȈǛȁ" ȄǴǟ ǲǔǨȇ ƩŐǳƗȁ .ƾȇƾŪơ ńƛ ."ǂƷ ƨǼȀǷ ǲƳǂǳ" ǲǷƢǟ Ȃǿ 174517 ǢǼǴƬǨȈŮơ ǹƗ ƣȂƬǰǷ ƢȀȈǴǟȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ǂȇƾǷ ǺǷ ƨǫƢǘƥ ƪǸǴƬǇơ ǪǴŹ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ǯǳǀǯ ƧƾȇƾƳ ƨȈǴƻơƽ ǆƥȐǷȁ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǾǬƷ ǺǷ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ŚƦƻ .ǝȂƦǇȋơ Ŀ ƔƢǠƥǁƗ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƨǨȈƳ ǲưǷ ȁƾƦƫ .ƧƾǸƴƬǷȁ ƨƟƽƢǿ ƲǴưǳƢƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ǦǐǬǳơ ǺǷ ƨǷȂǈǬǷ ƢǻȂƦǳơ ňƢť ƾǠĄƥ ȄǴǟ ǹȁƽȂƳȂǷ ǅȁǂǳơ .ƩơǂƟƢǘǳơ ƾǓ ǁơǀǻȍơ ƧǁƢǨǏ ƶƦǼƫ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ .ƨǸƼǓ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǺǷ ƨƯȐƯ ǂưǯƗ ǲǸǠƫ ȏ ǱȂǻ ƢƬŭơ ƩƢǻơǄƻ ǲǸǠƫ ȏ ƧȂǬǳơ ƨǘŰ ƩơǂƬǷȂǴȈǯ ǲǯ ǺǷ "ǹȂȈǇƢȈǈǳơ" ȃǂǇȋơ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ǲǐȇ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ .ƩƾȈƥƗ ǃƢǤǳơ ǄǯơǂǷ -ȁƢǼǯŚƥ ńƛ ǹȂǴǏơȂȇ ƨȇǂưǯȋơȁ ơȂǴǸǠȈǳ ǹȂǬƦȇ ǒǠƦǳơ . ƢȈǻȂǳȂƥ ǩǂǋ ƩơǂǰǈǠǷ -Ǳơ .ǡǁƢǧ ǹƢǰǷ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ń ƮȈŞ ƔȆǴǷ ĺ -Ƣǰǳơ . ƪǐǴǬƫ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ƨƦƳȁ . Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ńƛ ǅȂǨȈƫȁ ƢȇŚƬǧƾǳơ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ƢƆưȈƦƻ ƢƆȇƾǠǷ ƢƆǓǂǷ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ơȂƦǴƳ E-Häftlinge .ǺǘƦǳơ ƨȈǴƻơƽ ǆƥȐǷȁ ǎȈǸǫ Ǿǳ ǪŹȁ ŚƦƻ ƨƦƫǁ ńƛ ǞŏǧǁĄ 174517 ǢǴƬǨŮơ Ǻǰǳȁ ǶȀǨȇ ǾǻƗ ȆǟĈƾȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ƔƢǠƥǁƗ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ǾǬǴƷ ƤŸ Ǯǳǀǯȁ ƧƾȇƾƳ . ǹƢŭȋơ 149

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƨƯȐƯ ǲưǷ ǥȂŬƢƥ śƠȈǴǷȁ śǰǰǌǷ ƆƢǼǯƢǇ ǭǂŴ ǹƗ śǨƟƢƻ ŐƬƼŭơ ńƛ ƢǼǴƻƽ ƢǼǿ ŐƬƼŭơ Ƕǯ ǲǿǀǷ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ƔƢǈǴǷȁ ƨǨȈǜǻ Ƕǯ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨǼȇƾǷ Ŀ ƨȇǂƥ ƩƢǻơȂȈƷ Ŀ .ƨǧȁǂǠŭơ ƩƢȈƳƢūƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƨǴȇȂǗ ǲǸǟ ƩȏȁƢǗ ƭȐƯ .ǂƻƕ ŐƬű ǲǯ ǾƦǌȇ ȅǀǳơ ƨƸƟơǂǳơ .ǂǴǧȂǿ ƩƢƬǈǷǂƫȁ ǅȁǁƢǿǁȂǼǯȁ ǹơǄȈǷȁ ƨǨǴƬű ƩơȁƽƗ ƾƳȂƫ ƢȇơȁǄǳơ ȃƾƷƛ ƩơŐƬƼǸǴǳ ƧǄȈǸŭơ ƨǘȈǈƦǳơ ƨƸƟơǂǳơ ǕȂǈǳƢƥ ňȂƥǂǓ ƢŶƘǯ ǝǄǟǄƫƗ ƢǻƗȁ ȆǨǻƗ ǲƻƾƫ ƾƷ ńƛ ƨǸǴǜŭơȁ ƧŚƦǰǳơ ƨǟƢǬǳơ ƧǁȂǏ Ȇű ǲƻƾƫ ŚƦǯ ƵȂǓȂƥ .ƨȇȂǔǠǳơ ƨȇȁƢǸȈǰǳơ ǽǀǿ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ ǁƢȇƗ ǂȀǌǳ ǁƢūơ ǆǬǘǳơ ƨǇơǁƾǴǳ ƨǠƥơǂǳơ ƨǼǈǳơ .ƨǠǷƢƴǴǳ ƨǠƥƢƬǳơ ƢǷ .ǂǐƦǳơ ƶǸǴǯ ƩƽƾƦƫ ƧǁȂǐǳơ ǾȀƳȁ ňȂǳȂƥ -ňƢŭƗ ǲǏƗ ǺǷ ƣƢǋ Ȃǿ ƢǣȂǼƦȈƬǇ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǝǃȂȇ ƢǣȂǼƦȈƬǇŚŮơ ǲƥ ƔƢȈǸȈǰǳơ Ŀ ơƆǁȂƬǯƽ ǆȈǳ ǁȂƬǯƽ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ .ǒƦǬǼǷȁ ƤǠƬǷ ȂȀǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǖȈǌǻ

ȄǴǟ ǦǬȇ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Ƕǣǁ .ƨǤǴǳơ ǶǴǠǳ ne pas chercher à comprendre47 ƢǼȈǳƛ ǾƳȂƬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƢƆȇƽƢǠǷ ǆȈǳ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǼǰǳȁ ǂǗƢƻ ƨƦȈǗ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ ȏ .ŐƬƼŭơ ǅƗǁ .ǮƦǴƬǴǳ ŚưǷȁ ǮƸǔǷ ǾƳȂƬǳơ ơǀǿȁ (ȅƾďȈǇ ȅƗ) "ȂȈǈǷ" ƢǼƦǬǴȇ

ƢǼǸȀȇ ȏ ǞƦǘǳƢƥ .ƨƳǁƽ 24 ńƛ Śǌȇ Ƨǁơǂūơ ǹơǄȈǷ ǃƢƬŲ ŐƬƼŭơ Ŀ Ƨǁơǂūơ ȃƾǷ ƩƢǻȂǳƢƥ ǲǬǼƥ ȁƗ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ǦȈǜǼƬƥ ȁƗ ǎƸǨǳơ ƧǄȀƳƗ ǲǈǤƥ ƢǻȂǴǤǋ ơƿƛ ƨǳƘǈǷ Ƣǻǂǔƫ ȏ ƢǼǿ .ǲƻơƾǳơ Ŀ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ Ǖǂǌƥ ơƆƾďȈƳ ȁƾƦȇ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ śƳȁǁƾȈŮơ ǲǿ .ƢŮ Ȑ Ɔ Ʒ ƢǼǿ ƾš ǝȂŪơ ƨǳƘǈǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ĊǹƢƯ ŚǰǨƫ Ŀ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ ƔƢƬǌǳơ ǹȂǌƬǨȇ ǲǿ ơǀǰǿ ǹȂǴǠǨȈǇ ǶĔƗ ǑǂƬǨǼǳȁ ǲǸǠǳơ ƨȇƢĔ ƾǠƥ ƨǫƾƥ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƢǼǻȂǌƬǨȇ ƾƳȂȇ ƢǼǿȁ .ǱȂǬǠǷ Śǣ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ńƛ Ʊǂŵ ǹƗ ƾȇǂǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ ƢǻƽƢǈƳƗ ȄǴǟ’ ǞǷ ƔƢǬǴǳ ƢƆǬȇǂǗ ƾƳƗ ǦǘǠŭơ Ŀ ƢƆȇǂǇ ƢƆƦȈƳ Ņ ǖȈƻƗ .ǱȂƸǯȁ ǺȇǄǼƥȁ ǹȂƥƢǏ . ƨƦǫơǂŭơ ƨǷǁƢǏ Ƕǯ ȃǂǻȁ ǊȈǠǻ .ǺȇǄǼƦǳƢƥ ǂƳƢƬȇȁ ƨǋǁȂǳơ Ŀ ǲǸǠȇ ȅǀǳơ ȅǄȈǴųȍơ

.ǶȀǨƫ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŢ ȏ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 150

47

Die drei Leute vom Labor

ȏ ǽơȂǫ ǲǯ ǵƾƼƬǇơȁ ǩǂǈȇ ǹƗ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǁǂǫ ơƿƛ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟƗȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƢǻƗ ƨǼǇ ǀǼǷ .Ǯǳƿ ǲǠǨȇ ǹƗ ǾǠǼǷ ƢĔƢǰǷƜƥ ǎƸǧ ȁƗ ƨƦǫơǂǷ ƾƳȂƫ śƥ ǺǷ ǁăƾǬƊ ǳơ ǁƢƬƻơ ƩơǀǳƢƥ ƢǻƢȇƛ .ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ơƆƾďȈƳ ǹƢǯ ƢǼǜƷ ǹȋ ƢǻƾǈŹ ǲǰǳơ ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ ňƢǠǻ ȏ ǹƗ ƔƢƬǌǳơ ơǀǿ ƩǁƢƬƻơ ǁƾǬǳơ ƾȇȁ .śǷȂǰŰ ǥȏƕ Ƨǂǌǟ ǺǷ ƾǸƴƬǻ ȏ ǹƗ ƆȏƢǔǟ ƢƆǓǂǷ ǑǂŶ ȏ ǹƗ ƧŚƦǯ ǍǂǨǳơ ǹƗ ǂǷȋơ ŘǠǷ . ǝȂŪơȁ ǶȀǼǰŻ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǴȈǴǫ ƨƥǂš ȁȁƿ ǅƢǻƗ . ƢȈǈƬǰȈǴȈǈǳơ ǺǷ ǵȐǈƥ ŐǠǻ ǹƗȁ ƽŐǳơ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ .ǍȐŬơ ƢǼǳ ǹȂǸǔǷ ǥȁǂǜǳơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ơȁǂǰǨȇ ǹƗ ƔơǂǣȍƢƥ ơȂƥƢǐȇ ǹƗ ơƾďȈƳ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ .ǺŴ ƢǼǈǳ .ơƆƽǂů Ȑ Ɔ ǷƗ ǆȈǳ ơǀǿȁ ƔȆš ǥȂǇ ƨȇǂūơ ǹƗ ơȂǼǷƚȇ Ƣđ ǶǠǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟȁ ǁƾǬǳơ ǺǷ ƨƦǿ Ȃǿ ǹȉơ ƢǼǠǓȁ ƆƢȈǴǸǟȁ ǁȂǷȋơ ȆȀƬǼƫ ǥȂǇ ǦȈǯ ǽǂǈǯƗ ȅǀǳơ Ǳȁȋơ ŐƬƼŭơ ƆơƾƥƗ ƆƢǻȂǸǔǷ ǆȈǳ ƾǤǳơ .ȏƆ ƢƷȁ ǹȉơ ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǫ ńƛ ƽŐǳơ ńƛ ƢǻƾȈǠȇ ơǀǿ ǲǯ-ơƆƾƳ ŚǤǐǳơ ǵƢǸƬǿȏơ ǵƾǟ ƣƢǈūơ Ŀ ńȁȋơ ƨǘǴǤǳơ ǾǼǰŻ ǺăǷ .Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ .ǪȇǂǘǴǳ ơƆƾǠƬǈǷ ǹȂǯƘǇ ƢǻƗ řǻƗ ŕƷ ǝȂŪơ ńƛȁ ƶȇǂǳơ ǅȁǂǳơ ǲǐȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢǻŚǐǷ ǹȂǰȈǇ ơƿƢǷ ǥǂǠȇ ǹƗ ƪǸǏ Ŀ .ƢǼǷơƾǫƗ ƪŢ ƆơǁƢĔȁ Ȑ Ɔ Ȉǳ ǄƬē Ǒǁȋơ .ǹȂƠȈƴȈǇ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ ǅȁǂǳơ ǹȋ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ȂŪơ .ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥȁ ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǞǧơƾǸǴǳ ȅȁƾŭơ ƾǟǂǳơ ǞǸǈĄȇ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ƩȂŭơ ǅȁƙǂƥ ǹȁŚǈȇ ǹȂȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ Ǻǟ ơȂǨǫȂƫ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ .ƣƢǈūơ ǵȂȇ ȂƳ ǂƫȂƬǷ ǶȀȇƾȇƗ ǞƥƢǏƘƥ ǁƢǐƬǻȏơ– (v )ƧǁƢǋƜƥ ơƆǂǇ ǹȁŚǌȇȁ ƢǼǻȁǄǸǤȇ ǄȈǴųȍơ ƨǟȂǧǂǷ .ȅǂǇ ǲǰǌƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǆȈǳȁ ǶǿǁȂȀǛ ǹȁǂȇƾȇ ǹȂǠǸǈȇ ȏȁ ǹơƿƕ ǶŮ .ǹȁǂȇ ȏȁ ǹȂȈǟ ǶŮ ǹƢŭȋơȁ .ȆǟƢǼǘǏƛ ǕƢǘǷ ƱƢƬǻƛ ƨȇơƾƦǳ ƢƆźǁƢƫ ơȁǁǂǫ Ƕǯ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ƧǂǸǴǳ .ǞǫơȂǳơ ǹȂǴǿƢƴƬȇȁ ǂǨƷȁ ƔȆƳȐŭơ ƔƢǼƥ ǹȂǴǏơȂȇ .1945 ǕƢƦǋ ǱȁƗ Ŀ ƗƾƦȇ ǹƗ ǑȁǂǨŭơ ǺǷ ƱƢƬǻȍơ ǹȂǸǜǼȇ ǹȁǂǷƘȇ .śǴƫƢǬǸǴǳ ƩƢȇƢǼƥ ǹȂǸȈǬȇ ǦǐǬǳơ ǽǂǷƽ ƢǷ ǹȂƸǴǐȇ ǂǨūơ ǝ Ɖ ơȁ ǁơǂǫȁ ŚǰǨƫ ƱƢƬǻ ƪǈȈǳ ǶŮƢǸǟƗ ǂƻƕ ƢƆƠȈǋ ơȂǠǼǐȇ ǹƗ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ǲǿ .ǹȂǴƬǬȇȁ ƵǂƳ ơƿƛ ȃǂƻƗ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ơȁǂȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ ȏ .ǽȁǁƢƬƻơ ȅǀǳơ Śǐŭơȁ ǶȀǠƦǗ ƨƴȈƬǻ ǲƥ .ǂƻƕ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǊȈǠȇ Ǻǳ ǶǈŪơ ǲǯ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ŕƷ ǵȏȉƢƥ ƵǂŪơ ƗƾƦȇ ǂǔƬŹ Ȃǿȁ ǹƢǈǻƛ 151

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƢǼƬƯȐƯ ȏƆ ȁƗ Ȃǟƾȇ Ȃǿ ǹȉơȁ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ǩǂǨǴǳ ǲǸǠǳơ ȂƥƢǰǳơ ǝǃȂȇ ƵƢƦǏ ǲǯ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ."die drei Leute vom Labor" ŐƬƼŭơ Ŀ śǴǷƢǠǳơ Ŀ ǦǬǇ ƪŢ ƢǻƗ ǲǸǠǳơ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ ǞȈǘǬǳơ śƥȁ řȈƥ ǩďǂǨƊ ȇĄ ƔȆǋ ȏ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀȁ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳ ƢƆȈǴǸǟȁ ǾǠȈƥƗȁ ǺȇǄǼƥȁ ƨǻȂƥƢǏ ǩǂǇƗ ƢǻƗ .řƥǂǔȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ƨƠǧơƽ ƨǧǂǣ ƆȐǏƗ ǺǰŻ ǲǿ .ƾǴŪơ ǲǠǼǳ ƩȏȂǏȁ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǀƻƕ ƢŠǁ .ƨǫǂǈǳơ ǱȐƻ ǖƦǓƗ ǹƗ ǂǘƻ ǝȐƬǫơ ƵơȂǳȋơ ǲŧ ƵơȂǳȋơ Ǌǧƽ ǽƢǼǠǷ ǲǸǠǳơ "Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ" ǾǴǸǠǻ ƢǷ ȆǸǈǻ ǹƗ śƬǨšǂǷȁ śƬǧȂǌǰǷ ǺȇƾȈƥ ƾǷƢŪơ ƾȇƾūƢƥ ǭƢǈǷȍơ Ǒǁȋơ Ŀ ǂǨūơ ƧǁƢƴūơ ŕƷ ƢƆȈǼȀǷ ƢƆƥƢƬǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ ňȂǘǟƗ !ƤȇǂǤǳơ ƤȇǂǤǳơȁ ǶǴǫȁ ǂƫƢǧƽ ȅƾǼǟ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ƢǻƗ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ĿȂǨǯȁ ŖǠƦǬǳ ǁȁǁƢƳ ȅƾǼǟ .ƮƸƦǳơȁ ǲȈǴƸƬǳơ ƤȈǳƢǇƘƥ ļǂǯơƿ ǊǠǻƗ Ŀ ƪǴǇƢǰƫ ơƿƛȁ ƆơƾƥƗ œǴǗ ǒǧǂȇ ȏȁ ƢǣȂǼȈƦƬǇŚȀǴǳ ǺǴǟƗ ǹƗ ȆǨǰȇ ƱǂƻƗ ǹƗ ƾȇǁƗ ǽƾǈƳ Ŀ ňƢǠȇ ǹƢǈǻƜǯ ǽǂǜǼǷ .ƤƦǈǳơ ƢǷȁ ơƿƢŭ řǳƘǈȇ ȏ ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǲǸǠǳơ .ǾǳȂƷ ǺǷ ǵƾŮơ ƤƦǈƥ ƨǬȈǬƷ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆƢȈǓơǁ ǹȂǯƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ȏƗ ǪŞȁ řǻȁƾǈŹ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ǺǷ ƔȐǷǄǳơ œǻƢŝ ǂŻ ŐƬƼŭơ ƽȁƾƷ ȄǴǟ ǂǷƗȁ Ƥē Ŗǳơ ƶȇǂǳơ ƣƢǬǟ ǺǷ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ƣǂǿƗ ǵƢȇƗ ǺǷȁ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ ǺǷ ǥȁǂǠŭơ ǲȈǷǄǳơ ƨƷơǂƬǇȏơ ƧǂƬǧ ǱȐƻ řǬǧơǂȇ ȅǀǳơ ǲȈǷǄǳơ ǾȈǻƢǠǻ ƢǷ ǲǯ ǞǷ ƢǼǻƗ ǁȂǠǌǳơ ƨŻƾǬǳơ ƧƢǻƢǠŭơ ƩƢȇǂǯǀǳơ ǵȏƕ .ƨƷơǂƬǇȏơ ƪƦǇ ǺǷ ǚǬȈƬǈȇ ȅǀǳơ ȆǟȂǳơ ƨǜū Ŀ ǒǠȇ ƤǴǯ ǲưǷ ȆǴǟ ǶƴȀȇ ơǀǿ ǁȂǠǌǳơȁ .ǂǌƥ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪǈǳ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ƤƬǯƗȁ ǂƬǧƾǳơ ƶƬǧƗȁ ǍƢǏǂǳơ ǶǴǬƥ ǮǈǷƗ ƢǿƾǼǟ .ǹƢȈǈǼǳơ ƨȇȁƢǿ Ŀ ƧƗǂǷơ ƧŚƻȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ ƪȇƗǁ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ƩǂǷ ǁȂȀǌǳơ ǺǷ Ƕǯ .ƔƢǈǼǳơȁ ƢŮȂǫƗ ǹƗ .ƢȈǻơǂǯƗȁ ƢȈǻȂǳȂƥ ǺǷ ƩȐǷƢǠƥ ƢǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ȆǬƬǳƗ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩơǂƬǧ őƦǐƬȇ ƩȐǸȀǷ.ǱƢƳǂǳƢǯ ƩƢȈǻơȁƾǟȁ ƩƢȈǇƢǫ ƨȇƾǴƳ ǦǗƢǠǷȁ śǴǗƢǼƥ ƩƢǈƥȏ ǺǴǸǟ .ƔƢƬǌǳơ Ŀ ǦȈưǰǳơ ǺǘǬǳơ ǺǷ ǆƥȐŠ ǪǼǠǳơ ŕƷ ƩƢǧȂǨǴǷ ǦȈǐǳơ Ŀ ƢƆǫǂǟ . ǺȀƬƯȂǻƘƥ ǺǈǈŹ Ń Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǉȂǰǼŭƢƥ

152

Die drei Leute vom Labor

ǺǷ Ǒǁȋơ ƢǼǠǴƦƫ ǹƗ ƢǼƬƯȐƯ ƢǼȈǼŤ ŐƬƼŭơ ƩƢȈƬǧ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ .ǞǓȂǳơ ǦǴƬź ƢǼǿ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǆǰǠǼƫ ƢǼƬȈǐƼǋ ǹȋ ƢǻǂǜǼǷ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ơƆƾďȈƳ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ .ƱơǂƷȍơȁ ǲƴŬơ Ƨċƾǋ ǹȂǧǂǬǷ ǺŴ ƱƢƳǃ ƨǠǘǫ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ƢǼǳ ǃŐƫ ƢǼƬȈǐƼǋ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ .ƢǻŚǣ ǁȂǐƥ ǾƦǌȇ ƢŠ ƧƢǘǤǷ ƨǠǸŪơ ǵȂȇ Ŀȁ ƆƢȈǴǯ ƔƢǠǴǏ ƨǸƴǸŪơ ƾƷƗ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ .ǹȁǂŏǨǼăǷĄ ȁ śǫȐūơ śǰǇ ǺǷ śƷȁǂů ƧǂǨǐǳơ ńƛ ǲȈŤȁ ƨǓȂǨǼǷ ǽȂƳȂǳơ .řƦǳơ ƤǴƸǘǳơ ƱƢƳƽ ǲưǷ ǁƢƯƖƥ ƧƢǘǤǷȁ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƢǼƬƦǫǁ .ƽǂƥȁ ƩƢƥǂǓ ǁƢƯƕ ǾȈǴǟȁ Ƶȁǂů ƢǻƾǈƳ ȅǁƢĐơ ǂǨƷ ǦȈǜǼƬƥ śǴǷƢǠǳơ ǹƢǐǸǫ ȄǴǟ ƢǸǯ Ƨǁơǀǫ ƢǼǻƢǐǸǬƥ ƪǬǴǟ .ǕȂǠŲ .ƧǃǁƢƥ ǾǷƢǜǟȁ śƬƦǯǂǳơ ƪŢ ńƛ ǖǬǧ ǲǐȇ ǱƾǻƢǯ ǹȂǴǘǼƥ .ǵƾǳơȁ ƩȂȇǄǳơȁ ǲƷȂǳơȁ Ƨǂưǰƥ ƧƽȂƳȂǷ ƩơǂǌƷ ǹȋȁ .ƤǌŬơ ǺǷ ƨǫƐȐǟ ƪǼǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ȆǴǟ ǪǴǠǷ ȆǨǘǠǷ ƤǴǘǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ƽƽǂƫ ǹȁƾƥȁ ǲƴƻ Ȑƥ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ǮŴ ƢǼǻƘǧ ƢǻƽƢǈƳƗ ȄǴǟ ƢǼǷơƾǫƗ Ŀ ǾǨǐǻ ȅǀǳơ œǌŬơ ƣƢǬƦǬǳơ .ǑƢƷǂŭơ ńƛ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ Ƥǿǀǻ ǹƗ .ƲȈƴǓ Ǿǳȁ ƩȂȇǄǳơ ƨƸƟơǁ ǁơǂǸƬǇƢƥ ǾȈǴǟ .ƢǻƽƢǈƳƗ ǺǷ ƶǔǼƫ Ŗǳơ ƧǁơǀǬǳơ ȄǴǟ ǹȁƽȂǠƬǷ ƢǼƸƦǏƗ ǺŴ :ǾǼǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ơǀǿ ǖȈƄ ƨǏƢƻ Ƨǁơǀǫ ǲƥ ǶȀƬǧƢǜǻ ȄǴǟ ǹȂƦǛơȂȇ ȏ ǅƢǻȋ ƨȇƽƢǟ ƨƸƟơǁ ǮǴƫ ƪǈȈǳ ǺǷȁ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƵȂǨƫ ƧǁơǀǬǳơ .ƧǁơǀǬǳƢƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƢǼƠƳ ǀǼǷ ƢǼǈǈƷƗ .ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ƢǼƥ ǪǴǠƬƫ ƧǁơǀǬǳơ .ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ǺǷȁ ǲǇƢǤŭơ ǺǷ ƺƥƢǘŭơ ǺǷ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ǺǷ .ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǹƗ ǹȁƽȂǠƬǷ ǺŴ ơǀǰǿ "ƢƆǼƬǼǷ ƪƸƦǏƗȁ ơƆƾƳ ƣƢǋ" .ƢȀǼǷ ǎǴƼƬǳƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǆȈǳȁ .ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢȈǳƢǇǁȍơ ǺǷ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǹȂƠȈŸ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ȆȈŴ ƩƢƥƢǋ ƩƢȈǻƢŭƗ ƭȐƯ ŃƢǠǳơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ Ǻǈǳ ǺĔƘǯ Ƣǻǂǜǻ Ŀ ǹȁƾƦȇ ƩƢȈƬǨǳơ Ɣȏƚǿ ȅƽǁȁ ǺǿƾǴƳ .ƧŚƫǂǰǈǳơ– ǂȇƢǷȁơǂƥȁ ǹǄƼŭơ ƨǴǷƢǟ ƨȈǻȂǳȂƥ ƔƢǼǈƷ Ǯǳǀǯȁ .ǖǌŲȁ ǲȇȂǗ ǞǗƢǇ ǺǿǂǠǋ .ƨƠǧơƽȁ ƨǨȈǜǻȁ ƨǴȈŦȁ ƨǻȂǴǷ ǆƥȐǷ ƩƢǈƥȏ .ǶǟƢǻȁ Ȃǿ ƢǸǯ ƆƢƦƫǂǷȁ ƢƆǨȈǜǻ ŐƬƼŭơ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǵƢǸƬǿȏơ Ǳƾƥȁ ƨǷȂǠǻȁ ǹƢǼŞ ǺǸǴǰƬȇ .Ǯǳǀƥ ƢǻƢȇƛ ǺǸȀƬȇȁ Ĺǂŭơ ǞǷ ơƆǄƦƻ ǺǴǯƘȇ ǵȂȈǳơ ǲǯ Ǻċ ƻĉ ƾċ ȇ ǺĔƜǧ ǺȀǼǷ ƣȂǴǘǷ ǺǬǴǤȇȁ ǺǸǴǰƬȇ ȏ ǺĔƛ . ƢǼǷơƾǫƗ ȄǴǟ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ƨǈǼǰŭơ ǹǁǂŻ ǺǈǼǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ńƛ Ʃǂǜǻ ǲƥ Ƥš ǶǴǧ śǳȁơǂƥ ńƛ Ǳơƚǈƥ ƪȀƳȂƫ ƧǂǷ .ǺđǂǬƥ ǂŶ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǺȀǧȂǻƗ 153

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ǻǰǳȁ ƢȀǷȐǯ ǶȀǧƗ Ń .ǥǂǬǳơ ǂǟƢǌǷ ƢȀȀƳȁ ȄǴǟȁ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƪǸǴǰƫ ƢǣȂǼƦȈƬǇ

ƢǷ ǲǯ Ŀ ǾǻƗ Ņ ǱƢǫ ƢǣȂǼƦȈƬǇ .Ȇǫȁǂǟ Ŀ ƾǸš ȆǷƽȁ Stinkjude48 ơƆƾȈƳ ƪǠũ .ǾȈǳƛ ǖǬǧ ǾƳȂƫƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǲǸǠǳƢƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ǺĔƛ .ƔƢǈǠƬǳơ ǺŴȁ ŃƢǠǳơ ƩơŐƬű ǲǯ Ŀ ƩƢȈƬǨǳơ ǲǯ řǤƫ ƢǸǯ śǼǤȇ ƩƢȈƬǨǳơ ƽƢȈǟȋơ ǱȂƷ ǺēȐƟƢǟ ǱȂƷ ǹƢǇǂǠǳơ ǱȂƷ ŃƢǠǳơ ǱȂƷ ǺȀǼȈƥ ƢǸȈǧ ǺƯƾƸƬȇ .ƨƦȇǂǬǳơ !ǹȉơ ǂǨǈǳơ ƢƆŹǂǷ ǆȈǳ ȏ ƢǻƗ ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ ǺȇǂǧƢǈƬǇ ƾƷȋơ ǵȂȇǦȈǯ ǩďƾǏƗ ȏ ƽȐȈŭơ ƾȈǣ ŕƷ ǹƢǟȂƦǇƗ ǖǬǧ ȆǬƥ .ƽȐȈŭơ ƾȈǟ Ŀ ǂǧƢǇƘǇ ƢǻƗ !ƨǼǈǳơ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƩǂǷ ƪǼǯ ǺǷǄǳơ ơǀǿ Ŀȁ ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ƨȈǓƢŭơ ƨǼǈǳơ Ŀ .ƨǟǂǈƥ ƩǂǷ ƨǼǈǳơ ǽǀǿ ƢƆƥƢǋ ƪǼǯ ƨǴƟƢǟ Ņ ƪǻƢǯ ǶǇơ Ņ ǹƢǯ .ơƆǂƷ Ǻǰǳȁ ǹȂǻƢǬǳơ ƱǁƢƻ .ơƆǂƷ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ƔƢȈǋƗ ǱȂƷ ƢȀƬǫȁ Ʃǂǰǧ .ƢƆǸȈǴǇȁ ƨǯǂūơ ǦȈǨƻ ƪǼǯ ƨǧǂǠŭƢƥ ƢƆǧȂǤǋ ǲǬǟ ơƿȁ ǹȂǰǳơ ƨǠȈƦǗ ǱȂƷ ƔȆǈǳơȁ ƾďȈŪơ ǱȂƷ ƣǂūơ ƨȇƢĔ ǱȂƷ ǲǸǠǳơ ǱȂƷ ƧŚưǯ ƔƢǼǤǳơ ǱȂƷȁ ǱƢƦŪơ ǱȂƷ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ʃǂǰǧ .ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƧƢȈƷ ǶǰŢ Ŗǳơ śǻơȂǬǳơ ǱȂƷȁ ŚǐǷ ǱȂƷ œǣȁ ȅǁǀƳ ǪȈǸǟ ǹƢŻơ œǴǫ Ŀ ǹƢǯ .ǂǠǌǳơȁ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơȁ Ƥūơ ǱȂƷȁ ȏȁ ƣƽȋơ Ŀ śǟȂǓȂǷ Ņ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ƢǻƢǯ ǲƬǬǳơȁ ƩȂŭơ .ǅƢǼǳơ ǞǷ ơƆƾďȈƳ ǹȂǰȇ ǺăǷ ǺǷ ŃƘƬǷ ƢǻƗ ǹȉơ Ǻǰǳȁ ǵƢǜƬǻƢƥ ƢƆƷǂǷȁ ƢƆǼȇǄƷ ƪǼǯ ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ǞǫơȂǳƢƥ ƢǸŮ ƨǴǏ ȆǬƥ ǲȈǴǬǳơ ȏƐ ƛ ǹȉơ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ń ƧƢȈūơ ǽǀǿ ǺǷ .ƢƆȈǼǣȁ ơƆƾǟơȁ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǹƢǯ Ǿǻȋ ċǂǷ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ ǞǓƗ ǹƗ ƨȈǻƢǰǷȍơ ŕƷ řȈǘǠƫ ȏ Ȇǿȁ ƨǈƟƢƥ ƨȇȂȈūơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƽŐǳơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǖǬǧ .ļƢȈū ơƆƾƷ ǲǰƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ǂȇƢǷȁơŐǳ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǂǈǧƗ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ ƾȈďƳ ǲǰǌƥ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƪǸǴǰƫ Ȃǳ ƾȈǯƘƫ ǲǰƦǧ ƨƦďȈǗȁ ơƆƾƳ ƨǸȈǰƷ ƢĔƗ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ƪǸȀǧ ơƿƛȁ řǸȀǨƬǳ Ǻǰƫ Ń ƾȈǯƘƫ

ƨȀȇǂǯ ƨƸƟơǁ ȁƿ ȅƽȂȀȇ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 48 154

Die drei Leute vom Labor

řȈǘǠƫ ƪǻƢǯ ƢŠǁȁ .ƩȂŭƢƥ ǵȂǰƸǸǯ ƣǂē ƪǻƢǯȁ ĺǂǫ ǲƦǬƫ ǹƗ ƧƾǠƬǈǷ Ǻǰƫ Ń .śǼǗơȂŭƢƥ ƨǏƢŬơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷǂƬǳ Ǧǐǻ .ƨǟǂǈƥ ƩǂǷ ƨǼǈǳơ

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Śƻȋơ ǁȂȀǸŪơ ǖǇȁ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ơƆƾƷơȁ ȆǌŶ ƢǻƗȁ ƩŐǳƗ .ƣǂƬǬƫ ƽȐȈŭơ ƾȈǟ ǵƢȇƗ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ .ƲǴƯ ǖǬǈȇ .ǲȈǳ .ƶȇǂǳơ ǾƳȁ Ŀ ƢǼǈǨǻƗ Ǻǟ Ǟǧơƾǻ ŕƷ śǼƸǼǷ .Őǣȋơ ǞǬȇ ƢǻƾƷƗ .ȃǂƻƗ ńƛ ƧǂǷ ǺǷ .ǝƢǬȇȏơ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŴ ǹƗ ǂưǯƗ ƤǠǏȁ Ȇǌŭơ ǞǷ ǂƻƕ ǖƻ Ŀ Śǈǳơȁ ƨǫƢǋǂƥ ǾȈǴǟ ǥƢǨƬǳȏơ ƤŸ .ƽȂǇȋơ ǲƷȂǳơ Ŀ ƱǂƷƾƬȇȁ .Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ńƛ ǺȇƾƟƢǟ ƧŚǈŭơ ƪǫȁ Ŀȁ .ƩŐǳƗ ǞǷ ǲǸǟƗ ȏ ŐƬƼŭơ Ŀ ǲǸǟƗ ƩƗƾƥ ǀǼǷ .ƨǷƢǿ ǁȂǷƘƥ ƭƾƸƬǻ ȏ ƆƧƽƢǟ .ǂƻȊǳ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǱȂǬȈǳ ƧŚưǯ ǁȂǷƗ ƢǻƾǼǟ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǝȂƦǇƗ ǀǼǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƽŐǳơ ǱȂƷ ǄƦŬơ ǱȂƷ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ǱȂƷ ǲǸǠǳơ ǱȂƷ ƭƾƸƬǻ ǺǷ ƩơǂƬǳ ƨǠƥǁƗ– ƨƯȐƯ ƔƢǈǷ ǲǯ ƢǼǳ ƤǴŸ ȂǈǻǁȂǳ .ǾǇǁơƾƬǻ ƾȇƾƳ ǝȂǓȂǷ ƢǻƾǼǟ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǲǬǻ ƨǴǰǌǷ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƬǳơ ǲȈƦǇ Ŀ .śȈǻƾŭơ śȈǳƢǘȇȏơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƶȈǨǐǳơ ǺǷ ǝȂǼǐǷ ǍƢƻ ǺƸǏ ȅƗ ƨǬǌǼǷ ƢǼǿ ȄǸǈȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ǲǐŴ ǹƗ ƢǻǁǂǘǓơ Ǯǳƿ ǲƥƢǬǷ Ǿǳ ƢǼǠǧƽȁ śƬǠǘǫ ǺǷ ƢǼǳ ƢȀǠǼǏ ƽơĈƾūơ ƪǇȂǳŐǳǃ .ȂǳƾǳƢƥ ǾȈƦǋ ƢƆȈǴǸǟ ǽǂǜǼǷ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ŚƦǯ ǾǟƢǈƫơ ȅȂǫ ǃƢƬŲ ƢƆǬƷ ƔƢǟȂǳơ .ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƭȐƯ .ƨŻƾǬǳơ ǁȂǐǠǳơ ǺǷ ƔƢǟȂǯ ƔƢǟȂǴǳ ơǀŮ .ƧŚƦǯ ǽǀȀǯ "ƨǬǌǼǷ" śȈǻƢǻȂȇ ƨǠǔƦǳ ǖǬǧ ƾƳȂȇ ǂǰǈǠǷ ǲǯ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ǮǴƫ ǲưǷ "ƨǬǌǼǷ" .ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ƢǼƬǻƢǰǷ ǃǁƢƥ ǲǰǌƥ Ǟǧǁ ǾǰǴŤȁ ƨȇƽƢǷ ƨȈǴǔǧƗ ƨǫơƾǐƥ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǂǜǼȇ ȅǂǼǿ . ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƨǬƦǘǴǳ ƨǷȐǟ Ȇǿ ."ƨȈǗơǂǬƬǇǁƗ" ƨǻƢǰǷ ȆǘǠƫ ƢǼǳ ǅƢȈǳƜƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ƢǸȈǧȁ ǂȇƾǬƬƥȁ ƨȇȂƥƗ ƨƴȀǴƥ ƢǼǠǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ǳ .ǺȇȁƢǈƬǸǯ ƢǼǠǷ ǲǷƢǠƬȇȁ ǞǷȁ .ǶȈǜǼƬǳơ ǦǌƬǰȇ ŕƷ .ƽƢǼǠƥ ƪǫȂǳơ ǱȂǗ ƢǼǷ ƣǂƬǬȇ Ȃǿ .ƢǼƥ ǪǴǠƬǷ ƨǬȈǬƷ ȂȀǧ ǺǷ ǖȈǴƻ ǞǷ ƱȁǄŲ ơǀǿ ǲǯ .Ƥūơȁ ƽȂǳơ ǺǷ ƨǷȂȀǨǷ Śǣ ƩƢŹǂǐƬƥ ƢǻǂǸǤȇ ơǀǿ

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Śƻȋơ

ǵȐǰǳơ ơǀǿ ǶǴǠƫ ǺȇƗ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơȁ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƧǁǀǬǳơ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơȁ ǶƟƢƬǌǳơ .ƢǼǳ ȅ ć ǂȇƾǬƫ ǵć Ȑǯ ǾǸǧ Ŀ Ȃǿ ȅǀǳơ ƢǻƾǼǟ ǆȈǳ ǾǻƘƥ ƢǼǬǨƫơ ƢǻƗȁ ƩŐǳƗ ƾȇƾŪơ ƢǼǠǓȂǳ ȆǫȐƻȋơ ƤǻƢŪƢƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ƢǸȈǧȁ ǹƗ ƨǬȈǬūơ ƽǂů Ǻǰǳȁ !ƢǼǳƢǸǟȋ ơƆǂȇŐƫ ƾų ǹƗ ǲȀǈǳơ ǺǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǁƢƼƬǧȐǳ ƤƦǇ .ƢǼǿ ŚƦǯ ǩȂǨƫ Ȃǿ ƢȀǇǁơƾƬǳ ƧƾȇƾƳ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ƢǻƾǼǟ ƨȇȁơǄǳơ ńƛ ǖǬǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ƧǂǷ Ƥǿǀǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŤ "ƨǬǌǼǷ " ȅǂƬǌǻ ǹƗ ǖǘŵ ǺŴ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǦȈǯ ƮƸƦǻȁ ǾǼǟ ƭƾƸƬǻ .ȂǈǻǁȂǳ ǹȉơ ǲǸǠȇ ƮȈƷ ǞǼǐǸǴǳ ƧƾȈǠƦǳơ .Ǿǳ Ǻȇƾǳơ Ǟǧƾǻ ǹƗ ǪǘǼŭơ ƢǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǾƫƾǟƢǈŭ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǲǸǠǻ ƢǼǻƗ ȆȀȇƾƦǳơ ǺǸǧ ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ Ƣǻƾǟ ơƿƛ ƤŸ .ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ ƢǻƾȈǠƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǖǬǧ ƨƦȈƴǟ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴȁ Ȃǿ .ơǀǿ ǱȂƷ ǶǴǰƬǻ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ĿƢǰǇȍơ ƩȂǻƢƷ Ŀ ǽƔơǀƷ ƶŏǴǐĄǻ ǹƗ ǱȁƢŴ ƢŠǁ .ȏƆ ƢƷ ƢǷ ǲǸǠƥ ǵƢȈǬǳơ Ŀ ňƢů ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ƢƆȈũǁ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢƆƦȇǂǣ ȁƾƦȇ ơǀǿ) .ƢƆǻƢů ǲǸǠĄƫ ƩƢƸȈǴǐƬǳơ ǭƢǼǿ Ǿǳ Ƥƫǂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ ƢŠǁȁ ȆǈȈƟǂǳơ ĿƢǰǇȎǳ ǪȇƾǏ Ȃǿ ǱȁƢŹ ƩŐǳƗ.(ǂǰǈǠŭơ .ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ƩơǂƬǳ Ƨƾǟ ǾǴǸǠǳ Ȑ Ɔ ƥƢǬǷ ǂǈǳơ" ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŴ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹƗ ǦǇƘƥ ǎƼǴǻȁ ƧƾȇƾƳ ǱƢǸǟƗ ƨƯȐƯ Ǻǟ ƭƾƸƬǻ ǞǨƫǂƫ ƢǼƬƦȈǿ ǀĊ ƟƾǼǟ ơǀǿ ǱȂƷ ƢǼǐǐǫ ơƿƛ ǦǇȌǳ :ǂǌǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ȏ Ǯǳǀǳȁ "řȀŭơ .ȄǴǟƗ ńƛ ȄǴǟƗ ńƛ 44 Ƕǫǁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ .ļǁƽƢƦǷ Ƨǂť Ȃǿ Ǳȁȋơ ǝȁǂǌŭơ ƨƥȂǠǐǳơ .ȆƟƢǼưƬǇơ ƔȆǋ ȏ ǹȉơ ŕƷ .ǞǼǐŭơ ǺǷ ƧƾƷơȁ ƪǫǂǇ .ǆǻƢǰǷ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ǺǷȁƗ ƢǻƗ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ƧƽȂǠǳơ ƧŚǈǷ ƾǼǟ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǲƻơƽ ńƛ ƨǈǼǰŭơ Ƥȇǂē Ŀ ƪǻƢǯ Ƣēǂǌǻ ƨǈǼǰŭơ ƾȇȁ śǸǈǫ ńƛ ƨǈǼǰŭơ ƪǰǰǧ .ƨǴȈǏƗ ƧǁȂǐƥ ƨǴǰǌŭơ ƪǴǴƷ řǻƗ ƢǸȀƬǘƥǁ ƾȈǳơ ȆǸǈǫ Ȑǯȁ) ǽƾƷȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ Ǿƥ ƪƠƳ Ƕǈǫ ǲǯȁ śǸǈǫ ńƛ ǺǷ ƨǠǘǬƥ ƾȈǳơ ƪǘƥǁ .ǵƢǈǫȋơ ơƆƽƾů ƪąƦǯō ǁ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .(ǹȂǴǘǼƦǳơ ƪŢ Ȇǯǁȁ ȄǴǟ .ǵƢȇƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǀƻƘȇ Ń ǲǸǠǳơ ơǀǿ ǲǯ .ŚǷƢǈǷȁ ƢƆǋȂǯƢǋ ƪǴǸǠƬǇơ ƶȈǨǐǳơ 157

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǺǷ ƽƾǠǳ ƨǈǼǰŭơ ǂȀǛƗ ǲƥ ȆƴăƬǼąǷĄ ǒǧǂȇ Ń ǾǻƗ ǖǬǧ ǆȈǳ ƤǳƢǘǳơȁ ƩƽƾƦƫ ĿȁƢű ǆǨǻ ǺǷ" ƢƆǔȇƗ śƬǼƯơ řǷ ơȂƦǴǗ ǲƄơ ȄǴǟȁ ơƆƾƳ ƨǴȈǏƗ ƢĔƗ ơȁƗǁ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǾƟȐǷǃ ."ǦǼǐǳơ ƨȈǴǸǟ" ǶȀǼȈƥ Ǳȁȋơ ƆơƾƳ Ƨǀȇǀǳ ǲǯȋơ ǺǷ ǝơȂǻƗ Ƨƾǟ ƪƼƦǗ ƩŐǳƗ ǁƾĉǫ Ŀ ơƆƾƷơȁ ǁƢƬźȁ ơƆƽŐǷ ƾȇǂȇ ǹǄƼŭơ ńƛ Ƥǿǀȇ ƩŐǳƗ .ƵƢƴǼƥ śƫǂǷ ƪȀƬǻơ Ŗǳơ "ƽŐŭơ ƽȂǠȇ ƩŐǳƗȁ ȆǐƼǌǳơ ǾǸǫǁ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ "ƾƷơȁ ƽŐǷ" ǲďƴǈȇ ȆųǄƼŭơ .ƢƆȈƦǈǻ ơƆŚƦǯ ŚƦƻ (ƢƬǇƢȇǂƫ ǺǷ ǩǁƢǇ ǺƥƗ ǩǁƢǇ) śǼŤƚŭơ śǼǗơȂŭơ ƾƷƗ ǾƳȂƬȇ ȏƆ ƢƷ .ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ ǀƻȋ ǀȈǨǼƬǳơ ǥƾđ ǲǫƗȁ "ǺǨǳơ" ƤƷ ǥƾđ ǂưǯƗ ƩŐǳƗ ƾǟƢǈȇ ǝơƾŬơ ǁơǂǇƗ ǲǰƥ ơƆƾƷơȁ ơƆƽŐǷ ǞƳąǂȇĄ ƩŐǳƗ .ǺȇŚǤǏ śǼƯơ Ǿǳ ȆǘǠȇ ŚƦǰǳơ ƽŐŭơ ǲƥƢǬǷ ȅǀǳơ ƧȂǋǁ .ňƢưǳơ ǞȈƦȇȁ ǹǄƼǸǴǳ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ƧǂƷƢǇȁ ƧƾȇƾƳ ƨǟƢƴǋ ƨǟƾƻ ǊǿƾǷ ǲǰǌƥ ȄĔƗ ǵƢȇȋơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ Ŀ ǍƢƻ ǲǸǠƥ ƩŐǳƗ ǲǸǠȇ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ ǀǼǷ ǾǻƗ ơȂǧǂǠƫ ǹƗ ǶǰȈǴǟ . ǾƫƢǟơǂƬƻơ ƨǸǫ ǹơȂǳƘƥ ƨǻȂǴǷ ƩƢƬǧȏ Ƨƾǟȁ ȆǣơŐǳơ ƩƢǰǨǷ ǞǷ ơƆȂǳƽ ǞǼǐŭơ Ŀ ǀƻƘȇ Ȃǿ ƵƢƦǐǳơ ƔƢǸǴǳ ƧŚưǰǳơ ŚǇơȂŭơ ȄǴǟ ƩơǁƢǋƛȁ ƩƢǷȐǠǯ ƩƢƬǧȐǳơ ǪƐǴǠȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ȃǿȁ ƨǨǴƬű ƩƢǿƢšȏơ ǲǰƥ ǂŤ ƨǨǴƬű ƩơȂǼǫ łƗ ǖǨǼǳơȁ ǃƢǤǴǳȁ ǕȂǤǔŭơ ƔơȂȀǴǳȁ ǁƢūơȁ ƽǁƢƦǳơ ƨǫȐǟ ȏ ǾǻƗ ơƾƥ ƨȇơƾƦǳơ Ŀ) ơȂǧǂǠƫ ǹƗ ǶǰȈǴǟ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ . ƢȈǈƫơǄȇŚǸȈǳȂƦǳơ Ƕǈǫ Ŀ śƥ ƨǳƽƢƦƬŭơ ƩƢǫȐǠǳơ ǪǴƻ ȁƗ ƽƢŸơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ǆȈǳ ǝơƾƥȍơ ǲǿ Ǻǰǳȁ ǁȂǷȋơ śƥ ǵƢǸūơ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ƢǼǳ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǾǻƗ ƢȀǔǠƥ ǞǷ ƨǔǫƢǼƬǷ ƶǘǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ȁƾƦƫ Ŗǳơ ǁƢǰǧȋơ ǾǻƗ ȁƗ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǖŏǬǼȇ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ƆơƾƳ ƽǁƢƥ ƔƢŭơ ǹƗ ȁƗ) ƣƢƦǇƗ ƧƾǠǳ ơƆƾƥƗ ƢƆŹǂǷ ǆȈǳ ǹȂƥƢǏ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ȁƗ .ǦǋƢǼǷ ƢǻƾǼǟ ƪǈȈǳ ȁƗ ǾȈǧ ȃǂǠƬǻ ǹƢǰǷ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ȁƗ ȆǴǤȇ ƔƢǇƙǁ ǂǘǔȇ ƤƳơȁ ǱƢǈƬǣȏơ ǹȋ (ǱƢǈƬǣȏơ ƾǼǟ ƢǼƫƢȈƳƢƷ ƨǫǂǇ ơƆƾƳ ǲȀǈǳơ ǺǷȁ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǲǇǂĆȇ ƤǳƢǤǳơ ȄǴǟ .ǱƢǈƬǣȏơ ǺǷ śƥǂȀƬŭơ ơȂƦǫƢǠȇȁ ƢǻȂƦǫơǂȇ ǹƗ ƩƢǯȂǴƦǳơ ǵƢĈǸūơ ǺǷ Ʊǂź ǹƢǈǻƛ ǲǯ ǎƸǨȇȁ ǵƢĈǸūơ ƣƢƥ ƣǂǫ ȅǀǳơ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǺǷ ǎǴű ǺǷ ƢǐǠƥ ƩƢƥǂǓ ǆǸş ȄǜŹ ǦǋƢǼǳơ ƨǫƢǘƥ ǀƻƘȇ ǲǴƦŭơ .Ȑ Ɔ ǴƦǷ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ƾǯƘƬȈǳ

158

Śƻȋơ

ǄƦŬơ ƨƦƳȁ ƢƆƷƢƦǏ ŅƢƬǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ ǀƻƘǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƨǫƢǘƦǳơ ƢǻǃǂƥƗ ơƿƛ ǖǬǧ .ǕƢǘŭơ .ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ƽƢǠĄƫ ƨǫǄŲ ǩǁȂǳơ ǺǷ ƢƆǠǘǫ ȏƐ ƛ Ǻǰƫ Ń ƧƽƢǟ .ƩƢǫƢǘƦǳơ ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ ǎƸǧ ƩŐǳƗ ǺǷ ǶȀǴǯ ƩƢǯȂǴƦǳơ ƔƢǇƙǁȁ ňƢŭȋơ ƤǠǌǳơ Ƶȁǁ ǥǂǠȇ ƩŐǳƗ .ƨȇȂǘǷȁ ƨƦǗǁ ȄǴǟ .ƨȈǗơǂǫȁŚƦǳƢƥ ƲȀǼŭƢƥ ǵƢǜǼǳƢƥ ǹȂǇȁȂȀǷ ǶȀƬǇǁƾǷ ǺǷ ơȂƳǂţ ȁƗ ňƢŭƗ ǲǏƗ ƨǨȈǜǼǳơ ƩƢȈƳƢūơ ƢƆȈǳȂǨǗ ƢƆƦƷ ǹȂƦŹ ǶȀǧ ǹȂȈǻơȁƾǟȁ ǹȂǨȈǼǟ ǹȂȈƴǘǴƥ ǶĔƗ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂǳơ .ƨǻȂǴŭơȁ .Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ƾȈǨƬǈȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟ Ȃǿȁ ƨǠǷȐǳơ ƧǂǰǨǳơ ǾƦǴǫ Ŀ ƩǁƢƯƗ ǁȂǷȋơ ǽǀǿ ƨƯȐƯ ǞǘƬǫơ ƧƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǺǷ .ƾƷơȁ ǹȂǳ ǺǷ ƩƢƬǧȏ ƨȈƴȀǼŠ ǩǂǇ ƩŐǳƗ ƪȈǰǈȇƽ ƢƬƠǷ ǾƫǃȂƷ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ƢǷƾǼǟ (ŐƬƼŭơ Ŀ ƢƆǠǗƢǫ Ǿǳ ƪǸǜǻ ƢǻƗ) .ƩƢƬȈǰǈȇƽ ƤǴǗȁ "ƧŐŬơ" ǾȈǴǟ ƵǂƬǫơȁ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ǆȈƟǁ ńƛ ǾƳȂƫ ƾƷơȁ ǭȂǴƦǳ ƨȈǧƢǰǳơ ƨȈǸǰǳơ .ǅƢǸŞ Ǫǧơȁ "ǹȂƥǄǳơ" .ǵƢȇƗ Ƨƾǟ ǱȐƻ ǄƦƻ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǂǌǟ ǾȈǘǠȇ ǹƗ :ŚưǷ ǲƥƢǬǷ ǲǯ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ǲǰǳ ǾƷǂƬǬȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǰŻ ƱȂƬǼǷ ȄǴǟ ƧǂǘȈǇ ƩŐǳƗ ƾǼǟ ƾƳȂȇ ơǀǰǿȁ ǲǯ ǺǷ ǶǿƗȁ .(ƢƆǜǧƢŰȁ Ȑ Ɔ Ȉş ȁƾƦȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ǭȂǴƥ ǆȈƟǁ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳȁ) ƢĔȂǳȁ ƨǨȇǂǏ .ǵƢŬơ ƧƽƢŭơ ńƛ ǾƴƬȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǰŻ Ȃǿ ǖǬǧ Ǿǻȋ ƾĊ ǣ ƾǠƥ ǺǷ ǥƢź ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ȏ ƔȆǋ ƨǠǷȏ Ƨǂǰǧ ǽǀǿ ƪǈȈǳƗ ȄǴǟ ƩƢȇƢǨǼǳơȁ ƔơƽȂǇ ǩȂǧ ƔƢǸǈǳơ .Ƥǿǀǻȁ ǶǴǰƬǻ .ƢȇƢǔǬǳơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ƮƸƦǻ ǺŴ ǲǸŹ ƩŐǳƗȁ śǣǁƢǨǳơ śǼƸǐǳơ ǲŧƗ ƢǻƗ .Ƥǿǀǻȁ ǶǴǰƬǻ ƔơƽȂǇ Ǫȇǂǘǳơ œǻƢƳ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƨǫǂǧ ƢȀǧǄǠƫ Ŗǳơ ȄǬȈǇȂŭơ .ƨȈǻƢƯ ƧǂǷ ƨƥơȂƦǳơ ńƛ ǲǐǻ .ƧǁƢūơȁ ƨƠȈǴŭơ ƨǬǌǼŭơ ǅƛ .ǅȍƗ ǅǂƷ ƣǂǫ ǂŶ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƨǠƦǬǳơ ǱơǄǻƛ– "Mützen ab" ǱƢǨƬƷơȁ Kommando 98 :ȂǧƢǰǳơ ǹȐǟƛȁ Arbeit Macht Frei ƨȈǻƢƯ ƧǂǷȁ ǹȂƬǇȁ ǹƢǼƯƛ – .zwei und sechzig Häftlinge, Stärke stimmt ƨƷƢǇ ńƛ ǵƾǬƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ƨǫǂǨƬǷ ƪǈȈǳ ǥȂǨǐǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǹȁǂǓƢƷ ǶȀǴǯ ƆơŚǇƗ ƢǼȇƗǁ ǺȇǂǓƢƸǴǳ ƾǟ ǹȂǰȇ Ǻǳ ȏ ǺȇǂǓƢūơ ƾĈ ǟ ƨȈǴǸǟ ȅǂš ǲǿ .ǑơǂǠƬǇȏơ .ǪǼǌǳơ ƽȂǸǠǳ ǑȁǂǠŭơ ƤǻƢŪơȁ ǁȂƬǰƳȁŐǴǳ ƽƢūơ ƔȂǔǳơ 159

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƮǠƦǼȇ ǶȀǷƾǬƫ ƪǫȁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǪǧƾƬǳơ ǲǸǠǳơ ǩǂǧ ǲǏơȂƫ ƨǴǷƢǯ ƨǟƢǇ ơȁƽƢǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƾǸƴƬŭơ ƲǴưǳơ ȄǴǟ ȅȁƾƫ Ȇǿȁ ƤǌŬơ ƤȈǫƢƦǬǳ ȅȁƾŭơ ƲȈƴǔǳơ ǺǷ .ƩȂǰǈǳƢƥ ǂǷƗ ňƢŭƗ ƩȂǏȁ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƧǂǷ ƨǫȂŪơ ƪƬǰǇ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ ńƛ ƆơŚƻƗ ȅƽƢǠŭơ ǵȐǜǳơ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ .ǂƻƕ ňƢŭƗ ƩȂǏ ǞǨƫǁơ ƽƢǇ ȅǀǳơ ǪȈǸǠǳơ ƪǸǐǳơ ǲƻơƽ .ƔȂǔǳơ ƨǷǄƷ Ʃǃǂƥ ơƆŚƻƗȁ .ǲǏơȂƬǷȁ ƤǓƢǣ ƩȂǏ ǞǨƫǁơ ńƛ ƪƠƳ ǀǼǷ .ƢǼȈǴǟ ƧƾȇƾƳ ƪǈȈǳ ƨƳȂƴǸŭơ ƨȈǈǬǘǳơȁ ƩơŚǔƸƬǳơ ǽǀǿ ǲǯ ƺƦǘŭơ Ŀ ƩƢǫǂǇ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƥƢǬǟ Ǯǳƿ ǹƢǯ .ƢƆȈǼǴǟ ƢƆǷơƾǟƛ ǂǌǟ ƨƯȐƯ ƪȇƗǁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ .ǦǴƬű ǞǓȂǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ .Ƥȇǂē ƩȏȁƢŰ ȄǴǟȁ Ƥȇǂţ ȄǴǟ ȏȁ) ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ȁƢǼǯǂƥ Ŀ ƾƷơȁ ǵȂȇǁȂƫȂǷơǂǯ ŚƴǨƫ ȃǂƳ ȆǓƢŭơ ǂȀǌǳơ Ŀ Ƥ ć ȇǂţ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ǹȁƾǬƬǠȇ .ǂǷȋơ ƭƾƷ ǦȈǯ (ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ƆơƾƥƗ ǥǂǠȇ ǥȂǇ ƾƷƗ ǥǂǣ ŀƢǟ ȅǀǳơ ǍƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǳơ Sonderkommando ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǞǼǏ ǺǷ Ŀ ǶƬƫ ǶȀƬȈǨǐƫȁ ǪǴǘǷ ǱąǄǟ Ŀ ǹƢŭȋơ ǶǿǄƴƬƷơ ǅƢǼǳơ Ɣȏƚǿ .ǩąǂū Ɗ ơ ƾǫơȂǷȁ ǃƢǤǳơ ƔȏƿƗ ƾȈƦǟ ȁƢǼǯŚƥ Ŀ ǅƢǼǳơ ƩƢƠǷ ǹƗ ƨǬȈǬƷ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟ .ƧƽƾŰ ƩƢǫȁƗ ƢƆȈǴǸǟ ơȁǀǨǼȇ ǹƗȁ ơȁǁȂưȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǇȂǨǻ Ŀ ƨǟƢƴǌǳơ ơȁƾƳȁ ǹȂǷȁǄȀǷȁ ǹȂǸǘŰ .ǹƢŭȌǳ ƨȇȂǬǳơ ǶȀƬȈǿơǂǯ ǺǷ ǲǰǌƥ ƽǂǸƬǳơ Ŀ ǭǁƢǋ ƢǼǻȂȈǟ ǵƢǷƗ ǵȂȈǳơ ƩȂŻ ƩȂŻ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ńƛ ƵȐǈǳơ ƤǴƳ ǾǻƗȁ ȁƢǼǯŚƥ ȅƽǂǸƬǷ ǞǷ ƩȐǏ Ǿǳ ƪǻƢǯ ǾǻƗ ǹȁȁǂȇȁ ǱƢǰǋȋơ ǹƢŭȋơȁ ƢǼǻȂȈǟ ǵƢǷƗ ǵȂȈǳơ ƩȂǸȈǇ Ȃǿ ƆƢǔȇƗ ƢǼǿ ƽǂǸƬǳơ ǶȈǜǼƬǳ ǖǘƻȁ ƢǻǂǰǈǠǷ ƢƆƫȂǷ ƤǈŹ Ǻǳ ǾǻƗ ǖǬǧ ǆȈǳ ǾȈǴǟ ǽȂǓǂǧ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƩȂǷ ǾƫȂǷ ǹƗ ǹȂǸȀǨȇ ȏ .ǲǘƥ ƩȂǷ ǹȂǰȈǇ ǲƥ ƆƢƦȈǠǷ ƩȂǐǳơ ǞǸĄǇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ƾƷƗ ǾǸȀǨȇ Ń ȅǀǳơ ňƢŭȋơ ƣƢǘƻ ȄȀƬǻơ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǶƬǸȀǧ ǲǿ– ?Habt ihr verstanden :ǱȁȌǳ ƵȂƸƦŭơ

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ƢǻǁȁƾǏ ȄǴǟ ƪşǁ Ŗǳơ ƨǼǠǴǳơ ƢŶƘǯ .ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ǲǰǳơ "?Jawohl" ƣƢƳƗ ǺăǷ ǩĈǄǷ ȅǀǳơ ǵȂǰƄơ ƩȂǏ ơȂǠũ ǶȀǠȈŦ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢǼǇȁƙǁ ǩȂǧ ƪǬƐǴƷȁ ƢƆǸǈƳ ƢŮ ǵƢǫƗ .ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ Ŀ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ŚǸǓ ǝǄǟǃȁ ƢǻǄƴǟȁ ǝȂǼŬơ ȂƳ !Śƻȋơ ƢǻƗ ȆǫƢǧǁ Ƣȇ -!Kameraden, ich bin der Letzte ƩȂǐƥ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳȁ ǹƢȀǷ ǞȈǘǫ .ƢǻǂǗơȂƻ Ŀ ǱƢƳ ƢǷ Ƕǰǳ ǎǫƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ƪȈǳ śǬǴǤǼǷ śƬǷƢǏ ƢǼǨǫȁ ƔȆǋ ƭƾŹ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨǬǧơȂǷȁ ƾȈȇƘƫ ƪǸǏ ƽǂů ȁƗ ƾƷơȁ ǲƦūơ .Ǯǳǀƥ ňƢŭȋơ ƢǻǂǷƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ ƢǼƫƢǠƦǫ ƢǼǠǴƻ ƨǈǰǼǷ ƢǼǇȁƙǁ ǽȂƳȂǳơ ǂąƦǣƌ ȁ ƾƷơȁ ƢǻǁǂǷ ǺŴȁ .ǥǄǠƫ ƩƗƾƥ ơƆƽƾů .ơǂƬǈǯǁȁȋơ .ǞȈǜǧ ǂǷƗ .ǽȂǌƫ ƾǈŪơ ƾƬǋơ .ƧŚƻȋơ ƨƳǂǌūơ ƩơǃơǄƬǿơ ǄƬē Ŗǳơ ƨưŪơ ǵƢǷƗ ǂƻȉơ ƾǠƥ ƩǄųƗ .ƩǄųƗ ǶȀƬǸȀǷ ƧȏƢƦǷ Ȑƥ ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ƽȂǼƳ ƢǼȈǳƛ ǂǜǻ ǪǼǌǳơ ƽȂǸǟ ƪŢ ǪǴǠǷ Śƻȋơ .ƢǼǼȈƥ ǹƢǠƴǋ ǅƢǻƗ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ń ơȂƫƘȇ ǹƗ ǶĔƢǰǷƜƥ ǅȁǂǳơ ǹȉơ .ǲǷƢǯ ǲǰǌƥ ơȂƫƘȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ ǅȁǂǳơ .ǖǬǧ ƩƢǸƴē Ƨƾǟ ƪǨǯ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǼŶ ŕƷ .ƢǼǇȁƙǁ ǩȂǧ .ƢǻǂǜƬǼȇ ȅǀǳơ ƩȂŭƢƥ ǺȇǂȇƾƳ śǟȂǼƻ ǂǌƥ ǵƢǘƷ ǺŴ ƢǻŚǣ ơƆƾƷƗ ơȁƾŸ Ǻǳȁ Ǻǰȇ Ń ǂǷȋơ .ƢȀǬǴƻ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƢǸǯ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ƶȁǁ ǹơƾǬǧ ƤǠǐǳơ ǺǷ śǟȂǼƻ ƢǼǿ ŐǠǻ ǺŴ Ƣǿ .ǶƬƸų ǹƢŭȋơ ǶƬǻƗ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆȐȇȂǗ ƢƆƬǫȁ ǂǸƬǇơȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȀǇ ŕƷ ȏȁ ǦȈǼǟ ǵȐǯ ǺǷ ȏȁ ƽǂŤ ǺǷ ȏ .ƢǼǷ ơȂǧƢţ ǹƗ śǷǄǴǷ ǶƬǈǳ .Ƕǰƫơǂǜǻ ƪŢ .ƣƢǬǟ Ƨǂǜǻ ǺǷ Ǯǳƿ .ǂƻȉơ ǾƳȁ Ŀ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǂǜǼǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ń .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ńƛ Ƣǻƾǟ ƢǻƗȁ ƩŐǳƗ Ǯǳƿȁ ƢǼƬǼȈǗ Ǻǟ ǦǴƬţ ƨǼȈǗ ǺǷ ȏƆ ȂƦů ǆǨǼǳơ ǝƢƴǋ ǹƢǯ ǪƎǼǋĄ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ .ǾȈǴǟ ƤǴǤƬƫ Ń ƢǼȇƾȇ ƪǴǋȁ ƢǼƷȁǁ Ʃǂǈǯ Ŗǳơ ǥȁǂǜǳơ ǮǴƫ ǹȋ ƾų ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ Ȃǳ ŕƷ ǦȈǰƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼƸų Ȃǳ ŕƷ ǹȂǷȁǄȀǷȁ ǹȁǁȂǈǰǷ ƢǼǻȋ ńƛ Ƣǻƾǟ Ȃǳ ŕƷ ƽŐǳƢƥ ƾǸƴƬǳơȁ ȃȂǬǳơ ǵơƾǠǻȏ ǁƢȈĔȏơ ƾƷ ńƛ ǲǐǻ Ń ǵƢǠǘǳơ .ƪȈƦǳơ

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ƣǀǠŭơ ƢǼǼǘƥ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƢǻȌǷ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ƢǼǟǃȁ .ǉơǂǨǳơ ȄǴǟ ƢǿƢǼǠǓȁȁ ƨǬǌǼŭơ ƢǼǠǧǁ .ƢǻǂƳƢǼƷ ǪǼź ȅǀǳơ ǁƢǠǳơȁ ǲƴŬơ ǹȉơȁǝȂŪơ ǺǷ ǵȂȈǳơ ǱȂǗ

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ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ ǹȂǻƢǯ 11 Ŀ .ƨȈǇȁǂǳơ Ǟǧơƾŭơ Ǧǐǫ Ŀ ƱơǂǨǻơ Ǻǟ ǞǸǈǻ ǺŴȁ ǂȀǋƗ Ƨƾǟ ǀǼǷ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ƪŪȂǟȁ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƪ Ą ǓǂǷ 1945 ňƢưǳơ ǁƢƬǷƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ× ǁƢƬǷƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ƨǬďȈǓ ƨǧǂǣ ȅƗ Infektionsabteilung Ŀ ƢǻƗ śǬƥƢǗ ǲǰǋ ȄǴǟ ƨƦƫǂǷ ǵȂǼǴǳ ƨǼǰǷƗ Ƨǂǌǟ ƢȀȈǧȁ ƨǬȈǬūơ ǲƌǬǼăǳƒȁ ƆơƾƳ ƨǨȈǜǻ .ǶǈŪơ Ʃơǃơǂǧȍ Ȃǳƽ ǾȈǴǟ ǹƢǰǷȁ ǵȂǻ ƨǼǰǷƗ ƨƯȐƯ ƨǻơǄƻ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǯǳǀǳ ǶǴǇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƮȈƷ ȅȂǴǠǳơ ǪƥƢǘǳơ Ŀ ƧċǂǇȋơ ńƛ ƽȂǠǐǳơ ƢƆƦǠǏ ǹƢǯ .Ǳȁȋơ ǪƥƢǘǳơ ńƛ ǽȂǴǬǻ ȅȂǴǠǳơ ǪƥƢǘǳơ Ŀ ǞƴǘǓơ ǒȇǂǷ ƨǳƢƷ ƩƔƢǇ ȄǓǂǷ ơȂǻƢǯ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǂǌǟ řƯȍơ śƥ ǺǷ ĄƪǴǏȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǂǌǟ ƮǳƢưǳơ ǒȇǂŭơ ƪǼǯ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ .ƢȇǁƢǤǼǿ ǺǷ ǹƢȇƽȂȀȇ ǹƢƥƢǋȁ "ǹƢȈǇƢȈǇ ǹƢǼȈƴǇ"ǹƢȈǈǻǂǧ ǹƢǼƯơ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ƧǂǸǴǳ Ƨƽǁȁ Ǿǳ ƪǻƢǯ ƾƷơȁȁ ǅȂǨȈƬǳƢƥ ǹƢǔȇǂǷ ǹƢǼƯơȁ ƢȇŚƬǧƾǳƢƥ ǹƢǔȇǂǷ ǹƢǼƯơ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƢǯ ƢǸĔƗ ơƾƥȁ ƨǨǴƬű ǑơǂǷƗ ƧĈƾǠƥ śǔȇǂǷ ƢǻƢǯ ǹƢȈǫƢƦǳơ ǹƢǼƯȏơ .ǾƳȂǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨǧǂǬǷ .ǱƢǔǟ Ǒ Ɖ ǂǷ ǺǷ ǹƢȈǻƢǠȇ .Ņ ǾǴǯ ǹƢǯ ơƆǂȇǂǇ ƩǀƻƗ .ơƆƾďȈƳ ǹƢǯ ƧĈǂŭơ ǽǀǿ ȆƐǜƷ .ƨȈǳƢǟ ƪǻƢǯ ļǁơǂƷ ƢƆǷȂȇ śǠƥǁƗ ȄǴǟ ǲǐƷƘǇ řǻƗ ƪǧǂǟ řǻȋ ƵƢȈƫǁȏƢƥ ǶȈǜǟ ǁȂǠǋ ǞǷ ƪǠƴǘǓơ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƧƾďȈƳ ȆǸǈƳ ƨǳƢƷ ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ ƧŚưǯ ƨƷơǁ ǵƢȇƗ Ņ ǹȂǰƫ ơǀǰǿȁ ƨǳǄĄǠǳơ ǺǷ ȏ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƨȈƷƢǻ ǺǷȁ ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ȆǸǈƳ ǦǠǔȇ Ǒǂŭơ ǹƘƥ ǂǠǋƗ Ǻǳ ƮȈŞ ơǀǰǿ .ƢȈǈǰȈǴȈǈǳơ ǺǷ ǥƢƻƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ ļƢȈƳƢƷ ǲƻơƾǳơ ńƛ ǲƻƽƌƗ ǹƗ ƪƸų ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ǖǸǼƥ ƧŚƦǰǳơ Ŗƥǂš ǲǔǨƥ Ǧǯ ǂƻȉơ ȄǴǟ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƨǧȂǨǴŭơ ƔƢƥǂȀǰǳơ ǕȂȈƻ ǺǷ ǝȂǼǐŭơ ǵơǄūơ .ƨȈǐƼǌǳơ .ŐƬƼŭơ ǺǷ ƢȀƬǫǂǇ ơƆǂƴƷ ǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢť ơƆǂƻƕ ǆȈǳȁ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ǁơǁǃƗ ƨǈŨ Ƨǂƥƛ śǰǇ .ƧŚǤǏ ƧǁƢƴƷ ƨƯȐƯ ńƛ ǂƴƷ ǲǯ ǶȈǈǬƫ ǺǰŻ ǹƢǯ śǰǈǳƢƥ ǹƘƬǷ ǲǸǟ ƧƾǟƢǈŠ 163

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƩƢƦƳȁ ǞƦǇ ȁƗ ƪǇ ƪǻƢǯ ǄǼǰǳơ ơǀǿ ƨǸȈǫ .ƨƷơĈƾǬǴǳ ƨƦǇƢǼǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƧǁƢƴūơ ǽǀǿȁ .ǄƦŬơ ǺǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ơƆƾƳ ơƆƽǁƢƥ ǆǬǘǳơ ǹƢǯȁ ƲǴƯ ǖǬǇ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ .ƨƟƽƢǿ ǵƢȇƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ƪȈǔǫ ƤǠǐƬǇơȁ ƚȈǬƬǳƢƥ ǁȂǠǌǳơ ǺǷ ƪȈǻƢǟ ƨũƽ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƩǀƻƗȁ ƆƢƠǧơƽ ǹƢǯ ǲƻơƾǳơ Ŀ .ǵȐǰǴǳ ƱơǄǷ ȅƾǼǟ Ǻǰȇ Ńȁ ǲǯȋơ ƢƦǴĄƳ .Ʊȁȁ ƨǬǘǼǷ ǺǷ ƢǸȀǴǏƗ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ śǨȈǘǳ ƢǻƢǯ ȅǂǰǈǳƢƥ ǹƢǔȇǂŭơ ǹƢȈǈǻǂǨǳơ Ŀ ǹȁǂǬȀǬƬŭơ ǹƢŭȋơ ǶȀǨǘƻ śǼǗơȂŭ ƧŚƦǯ ƨȈǳƢǇǁƛ Ŀ ǵƢȇƗ Ƨƾǟ ǲƦǫ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǶǇơ .ǆǘǧƗȁ ƨǷƢǬǳơ Śǐǫ ƵȐǧǁȂƫǁƕ ǹƢǯ śǼƯȍơ śƥ Őǯȋơ ǶǇơ .ǺȇǁȂǴǳơ ƨǬǘǼǷ ǂǸǠǳơ ǺǷ śƯȐưǳơȁ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ Ŀ ƢƆǸǴǠǷ ǹƢǯ .ǱǁƢǋ ǹƢǯ ǂȇǂǈǴǳ ǾǴȈǷǃȁ ǾǬȇƾǏ ňƢưǳơ .ƢƆǰƸǔǷȁ ơƆŚǐǫ ƢƆȈǨȈǏ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƗ ǎȈǸǫ Ǳƾƥ ƨȇƽȂȀȈǳơ -ƨȈǻƢƦǇȍơ ǖǬǧ ǶǴǰƫ .ȆǰȈǻȂǳƢǇ ǺǷ ňƢǻȂȇ ǩȐūơ ƔƢƳ ǆȈǸŬơ ǵȂȇ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƨȈǰƄơ ǶƟƢƬǌǳơ ǺǷ ƩƢǸǴǯ ǒǠƥ ǶȀǧ ǾǼǰǳȁ ǾƬǨƟƢǗ ƔƢǼƥƗ ƨǤǳ ƨǴȈǸŪơ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ .ƩơȂǼǇ ƭȐƯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ Ȅǔǫ ƾǫ ǹƢǯȁ ȅǃƢǼǰǋơ ǹƢǯ ǾƬǴƟƢǟ ǶǇơ Ńȁ ƨȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ȏȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ń .ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ǩƐȐūơ ƨǨȈǛȁ ȄǴǟ ǲǐƷ ǦȈǯ ǂǸŭơ Ŀ ƆȐȇȂǗ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǾƬǠũ ƢǼƬǧǂǣ ńƛ ǲƻƾȇ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ .ǵǃȐǳơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢƆǨȈǼǟ Ǻǰȇ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ƨǏƢƻ ǾȀƳȁ ƶǷȐǷ ǹƗ Ņ ơƾƥ .ǽƽȐƥ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǺǷ ƤȈƦǘǳơ ǞǷ ǂƯƘƬǷ ǲǰǌƥȁ Ŀ ƶųƗ Ń Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ƢǼȀƦǌƫ ȏ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǫǂǌǳơ ǦƟơȂǘǳơ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǽȂƳȁ ƶǷȐŠ ơƆŚƦƻ ǺǯƗ .ŅƢǘȇơ řǻƗ ǥǂǟ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ȁƗ řǧǂǟ Ȃǿ .ơƆǂƯƘƬǷ ƆƢƷǂǷ ƆƢǨƟƢƻ ǹƢǯ ơƿƢŭ ǶȀǨǳơ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ƨȈǳƢǘȇȏƢƥ ǾƬǳƘǇ .ȅǂȇǂǇ Ǻǟ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƪǳǄǻ ǪǴƷƗ ǹƗ ȅǁȁƽ ƔƢƳ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǁƢǋƗȁ ǽƾȇ Ǟǧǁ ǭƢƦǌǳơ ȂŴ ǾȈǼȈǟ ǁơƽƗȁ ƽȂƥ ǄǸǣȁ ǪǴūơ ǦǫȁƗ ƾǬǳ .ǁƢƦƻƗ ǽƾǼǟ Ņƛ ǂǜǻȁ ǾȈǼȈǟ ǁơƽƗ ƨǜƸǴǳ Morgen alle Kamarad weg49 :ƣǂǤǳơ ńƛ

.Ǫȇǂǘǳơ ńƛ ǩƢǧǂǳơ ǲǯ ơƆƾǣ :ƨǋȂǌŭơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 49 164

ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ǲǏơȁȁ "" Todos. todos50:ǥƢǓƗ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ŅȂǿƿ ȃŚǳ ǞǫȂƬǷ Ȃǿ ƢǸǯ .ǾǴǸǟ ƨǫƾǴǳ .ǥȂŬơ ȁƗ ƵǂǨǳơ Ńȋơ ǥǂǟơ Ń ƧŚưǯ ǁȂȀǋ ǀǼǷ .ǂƯƘƫ ȅƗ ĺ ǂưȇ Ń ŐŬơ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ơǀǿ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƧƽƢǟ Ǯǳǀƥ ǆŴ ƢǸǯ ƨȈƥƢƦǓ ƢȀǴǯ Ƣđ ƪǈǈƷƗ ǂưǯƗ – .ƨȈǠȈƦǘǳơ ǂǟƢǌŭơ ƨǇȁǂǤǷ ĺ ƪȈǬƥ Ȃǳ "Ǖȁǂǌŭơ ǅƢǈƷȍơ" ǾƬȈǸǈƫ ǺǰŻ ȅǀǳơ .ȆǈǨǻ ŀơȂƻ ǲǰƥ ǦǐǠƫ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǽǀǿ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ -Ʃǂǰǧ ǺǷ Ŗǳơ ǁƢǘƻȋơ ǲǯ ǅǁơƾƬǻ ƢǻƗȁ ƩŐǳƗ ǲȇȂǗ ǺǷǃ ǀǼǷ .ƢƆȈǴǯ ƢƆȈǧƢǏ ǹƢǯ ȆǣƢǷƽ .ǂȇǂƸƬǳơ ǞǷȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƔȐƻƛ ǞǷ ƘǌǼƫ ǹƗ ƢĔƢǋ ǵƢȇƗ ǀǼǷ ƩǂǌƬǻơ Ŗǳơ ƨǟƢǋȎǳ ƢƆǬȇƾǐƫ ȏƐ ƛ Ǻǰƫ Ń ȅǃƢǼǰǋƗ Ņ ƢȀƦǴƳ Ŗǳơ ƨǷȂǴǠŭơ ńƛ ơȂǴǏȁȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǱƢſ ǂƬǷȂǴȈǯ ƨƠǷ ƢǧȂƻȂǰǈǼǌƫ Ŀ ơȂǻƢǯ ǅȁǂǳơ :ǂǰǈǠǳơ Ŀ .ƧǂƴǨƬǷ ƽơȂǷ ƨǻȂƦǳơ Ŀ ơȁĈƾǟƗ ǹƢŭȋơȁ ƣȂǼŪơ ǺǷ ǂƬǷȂǴȈǯ ƨƠǷ ǾǼǧȂǯơǃ ƾƷơȁ ȅƗ ǞǷ ȏȁ ǶǴǰƬǻ ǹȋ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ ǹƗ ƶǓơȁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀ ǲȈǷǃ ǲǯ ńƛ Ʃǂǜǻ ȆȀƬǼƫ ƪǻƢǯ ƨƯƽƢƄơȁ "Ǯǳǀǯ ǂǷȋơ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ơƿƢǷȁ" :řǻȂƦȈŸ ǥȂǇ ơȂǻƢǯ .ǶȀǼǷ ƪǴǫ "ǹȂǧǂǠƫ ǲǿ" .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ơƆƽƾƳ ơȂǳơǃ ƢǷ Ƕǿ .śǨǴƬű ơȂǻƢǯ ǹȂȈǈǻǂǨǳơ .ƨǜƸǴƥ ."ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹȂǴƼĄȇ ơƆƾǣ" .ǶŮ ǹƗ ǁƾǬȇ ȏ ǺăǷȁ ƆƢǔȇƗ ȄǓǂŭơ ǵơƾǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǺȇƗ ńƛ" :ƨǴƠǇȋƢƥ ňȁǂǘǷƗ ȏƆ ƢƷ ǥǂǟƗ řǻƗ ǶȀǈǨǻ Ƨǁơǂǫ Ŀ ơȂǴȈţȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǥǂǟƗȁ ŉƾǫ ŚǇƗ řǻƗ ơȂǧǂǟ ."ȆǌŻ .ǶŮ ƪǐǐǫ ƢŲ ǂưǯƗ ƆƢŹǂǷ ǆȈǳ .ƨǴƠǇȋơ ơȂǴǏơȁ ǶȀǼǰǳȁ Ǯǳƿ ǶŮ ƪǴǫ ǂưǯƗ ǥǂǟƗ Ń ƢǻƗ Ǻǰǳȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ơȂǸǴǠƬȇ Ńȁ ƨǴȈǴǫ ƢƆǷƢȇƗ ǖǬǧ ƢǼǿ ơȂưǰǷ Ƕǿ .ǾǴǸǟƗ ƢǷ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨǴƠǇȋơ ƵǂǗ ǃȂŸ ȏ

.ǶȀǴǯ ǶȀǴǯ ƨȈǻƢƦǇȍƢƥ 50 165

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ȇǌŭơ ȄǴǟ ǺȇǁƽƢǬǳơ ȄǓǂŭơ ǲǯ ǹƗ ƢǼǤǴƥƗȁ ňƢǻȂȈǳơ ƤȈƦǘǳơ ƔƢƳ ǂȀǜǳơ ƾǠƥ .ǂƬǷ ȂǴȈǯ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ŅơȂƷ ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǞǷ ǹȂǌŻȁ ǆƥȐǷȁ ƨȇǀƷƗ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǴǐŹ ǲǰǌƥ ȄǓǂŭơ ǺǷ ǶǿǁƢȈƬƻơ ȅǂŸ ŀƢǠǷ ǶǫƢǗ ǞǷ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ǹȂǬƦȇ ǹȁǂƻȉơ .ǦȈǨƻ ňƢǻƗ ȅǁƢǔƷ ǶȈǰƷ ǹƢǈǻƛ .ǹơǂǰǈǳơ ǲưǷ .ǾƫƽƢǟ Śǣ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƷǂǧ ǹƢǯ ƤȈƦǘǳơ ǥƢǠǓƗ ƨƯȐƯ ƧŚƦǯ ƨƦƳȁ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǴǐŹ .ƔƢǼưƬǇơ Ȑƥ ǞȈǸŪơ ǹƛ ǱƢǫ .ǹǄƬǷȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǹƗ ǹƢǯ ǾƥơȂƳ ƢǻŚǐǷ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ǽƢǼǳƘǇ .ơȂƷǂǧ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀ Ǻƥǀǳơ ǅƢǼǳơ .ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ Ń .ƢǼǻȂǴƬǬȇ ǥȂǇ ǶĔƗ ƾǬƬǠȇ ȏ Ȃǿȁ .ȂƴǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǳ ǹȂƸǸǈȇ ǥȂǇ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ǾǴŰ Ŀ ǆȈǳ ȅǀǳơ ǾƷǂǧȁ ǾǳȂǫ ǆǰǟ Ȃǿ ǾȇƗǁ ǹƗ ƔƢǨƻȍ ǍƢƻ ǲǰǌƥ ǾǈǨǻ ƤǠƬȇ .ƾǿƢǋ ƨƠǷ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ǯǳƿ ȄǴǟ Ǳƽ ǹƢƥƢǌǳơ Ɨƾƥ ƢǼƬǧǂǣ ǺǷ Ʊǂƻ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .Ʊǂź ǹƗ ơƆƾǠƬǈǷȁ ơƆƽȁǄǷ ǹƢǯ ƤȈƦǘǳơ ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǹƢǯ .ơƆƾƳ śǨȈǠǓ ƢǻƢǯ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢƆǷƢŤ ƢȈǨǋ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ Ƣŷ .ǂƯƘƬƥ ǹƢƯƾƸƬȇ ǹƢȇǁƢǤǼŮơ Ń ǾǻƗ ƶǓơȁ .ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǞǷ ƢƦǿǀȇ ǹƗ ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ƢưŞȁ ȄǓǂŭơ ǞǷ Ȑǜȇ ǹƗ ƢǸȀǧȂƻ ǹƗ ƣƢǬǟƗ Ŀ ƱǂƻƗ ƪǼǯ ƆơƾƳ ǮȀǼǷ řǻƗ Ǻǜǳơ ƤǴǣƗ .ǪǘǼŠ ŚǰǨƬǴǳ ǱƢů ƢǼǿ Ǻǰȇ .ƣǂȀȇ ǹƗ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǲƦǫ ǱȁƢŹ ƩȂŭƢƥ ǾȈǴǟ ǵȂǰƄơ ǹƢǈǻȍơȁ ƾȇƾǋ ǥȂŬơ .ǞȈǘǬǳơ ǕƢǌǻ ǾȈǧ ǹƢǯ ȅǀǳơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ ƲȈƴǓ ƩơȂǏƗ ƢǼǻơƿƕ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ ǽơƾȇȁ ƨǟƢǇ Ǧǐǻ ƾǠƥ ƽƢǟȁ Ʊǂƻ ǵƢǫ śȇǁƢǤǼŮơ ǹƢƦǌǳơ ƾƷƗ .ȆƟƢǼưƬǇơ ǵȂǸŰ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƢǈƦǴƫ ǾǬȇƾǏȁ Ȃǿ .ǆƥȐŭơ ǹǄű ǺǷ ƢǿǀƻƗ ǾǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ƧǁǀǬǳơ ǩăǂŬ ĉ Ƣƥ ǹƢƬƠȈǴǷ ƨǬȈǬƷ ǵƢǷƗ ƢǸȀȈǈǨǻ ǞǓȁ ơƽơǁƗ ƢǸĔȋ ƢǟǂǇƗ ƢǸĔƗ ǹƢȈǠǴǳ ȁƾƦȇ .ƢǸȀȇƾǈƳ ƢƦƫǁȁ ƔƢǨǠǓ ƢƆǇƢǻơ ǹƗ ǁȂǐƬǳơ ƢƆǼǰŲ Ǻǰȇ Ń .ƢǸȀȇƗǁ ǂďȈǤȇ ǹƗ ǥȂŬơ ǺǷ ƢǧƢƻȁ ƨǠǫơȁ ƢǿȁƾƳȁ ƨƟǂƬȀǷ ƨȇǀƷƘƥ ƲǴưǳơ ǩȂǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǟƢǇ ŕƷ ƢȈǌŻ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ƢǻƢǯ ƢǸȀǴưǷ .ƨǟȁǄǨǷ ƩƢǻơȂȈƷ ǹȂȈǟ ǶĔȂȈǟ ƪǻƢǯ .ƨǜū ǂƻƕ Ŀ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ Ʃǂǜǻ .ƢǸȀǠǷ Ǫūơ ǹƢǯ ƢŠǁ Ǿǻơ ƧǂǰǨǳơ ȅǂǗƢƻ Ŀ ƩĈǂǷ ǲǜǳƢǯ Ŀ ǹƢŴǂƬȇ ƧǁȂǐǳơ ƢŻƾǟ ǹƢƸƦǋ .ǺȇƽƽǂƬǷ .ƧŚǈŭơ ńƛ śƳǁƢƻ ƢǸȀƬȇƗǁȁ ǭƢƦǌǳơ

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ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

Ƨƾǟ ƾǠƥ ƢŷƢǨǏ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǹƗ ƢǼǧǂǟ ǲȇȂǗ ƪǫȁ ƾǠƥ .ơƽȂǠȇ Ń .ǲȈǴǳơ ƨǸƬǟ .Ȇǌŭơ ȄǴǟ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ƢǻȂǰȇ Ń ƢǸĔȋ ƢǸēŚǈǷ ǺǷ ƩƢǟƢǇ ǹƢǯ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ .Ǯǳƿ Ŀ Ǯǋ Ƨǁƿ Ǻǰƫ Ń .ƨȇǀƷƗ Ʊȁǃ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ƪǼǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ .ǹƢȈưǤǳơ ȄǴǟȁ ȄĈǸū ƌ ơ ȄǴǟ ƨƦǣǂǳơ ǵƾǟ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƫƗ ŕƷ ƨǴǷƢǯ ƨǟƢǇ ǞƴǌƫƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ǲǔǧƗ ơȁǀƻƗȁ ǹȂŪƢǠƬȇ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹǄű ơȂǫǂǇ ƔƢƸǏȋơ) .ǂǸŭơ Ŀ ƨȇǀƷƗ Ʊȁǃ ƩƾƳȁ ƪȈǬƬǳơ ƪǌƬǧ ƢǷƾǼǟ .(ƩƢǿƢšȏơ ǲǯ Ŀ ƧƢǬǴǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƨūƢǐǳơ Śǣ ƨȇǀƷȋơ .ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƨǳƢǯȁ ǲǇơǂǷ ǹƢǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ǺǷ ǺǗơȂǷ Ǿǻȋ .ǅơǄǳȏơ Ŀ ƽȂǳȂŭơ ǹƢũȂǰƥ Ʃ ă ƾǟ ơƿƛ" :Ņ ǱƢǫ .ƨȈǳƢǟ ƩƢȇȂǼǠǷ ơƿȁ ơƆǂƯƘƬǷ ǹƢǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ .ǹǁƢǧ-ǹȂǷǂǴǯ ĿǂƬȇȁǁ ."ƽȂǟƗ ǥȂǇ řǻƗ ǹƢǷ ƨȇƾǴƥ ǆȈƟǂǳ ƤƬǯƗ ȆǴƦǫ ƨǷȐǟ ȅǂǜǻ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ȅǀǳơ ǾǳƙƢǨƫ ƢǼǿ ǺǷȁ śȈǘǼǼǷȁŐǳơ ǺǷ ƢƆǇƢǻƗ ǥǂǟ ǹƢũȂǯ Ɣơǀūơ ƩƘƦƻ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǵƾǠǳ ƨǠȇǁƿ Ņ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ǹƢǯ ơǀǿ ƢǷ ȃƾŠ ǾǻƗ ǵȂȀǨŭơ ǺǷ .ƨƦĈȈǗ .ȅǂȇǂǇ ȄǴǟ ƪǠƴǘǓơȁ .ǂȀǛ ƨƦȈǬƷȁ ǵȂǻ ǆȈǯ ǽƾȈƥȁ ňƢǻȂȈǳơ ƤȈƦǘǳơ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƔƢƳ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ ƧǂƻƘƬǷ ƨǟƢǇ Ŀ ŕƷ .ȆǬƬǴǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ņ ƢǿƾȈǠƫ .ŅƢǘȇȏơ ƢȀȇƗ Ɨǂǫƛ ǀƻ :ƨȈǈǻǂǧ ƨȇơȁǁ ȅǂȇǂǇ ȄǴǟ ȄǬǳƗ .ƢǻǂǜƬǼȇ ƩȂŭơ ǭȐǷ ǹƗ ơƆƾďȈƳ ǥǂǟ ƾǬǳ .ƨǴǸŪơ ǽǀǿ ƤƦǈƥ ǾǿǂǯƗ Ƣǻơ ǵȂȈǳơ .ȆǸū ǺǷ ƢƆǸū ǹƢǯ ƩŐǳƗ .ȆĈǼǟ ǱƢǐǨǻȏơ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂǳơ ȄǴǟ ƩŐǳƗ ƔƢƳ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ȄǴǟ ƢǼŶ ǂȀǋƗ ƨƬǇ .ƢǼȈũơ śƥ ơȂǘǴƻ ƔȐǷǄǳơ ƤǳƢǤǳơ ȄǴǟȁ "śȈǳƢǘȇȏơ Ȑǯ" ƢǼǯ .ƢǼǼȈƥ ƢǿƢǼũƢǬƫ ƨȇƽƢǠǳơ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ƨƦƳȁ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓƛ ǽƢǼƦǈǯ ǲǯƗ ƩƢƬǧ ǲǯȁ ǂȇǂǈǳơ ǆǨǻ ƢǼǟƽȁ .ƪȈǬƥ ƢǻƗȁ Ƥǿƿ Ȃǿ .ǾȇƾǟƗ ǹƗ ǁƾǫƗ Ń Ǯǳǀǳȁ ȄĈǸū ƌ ơ ǑǂŠ ǑǂǷ ǾƬǳȂǨǗ Ŀ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ǲǯ ǹȋ Śưǰǳơ ǵȐǰǳơ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ Ǻǰƫ Ń ǭƢƦǌǳơ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ƢǼǔǠƥ ǹȂǰȇ Ǻǳ ǩơǂǨǳơ ǹƗ ƢǼǷƕ .ȄǐŢ ȏȁ ƾǠƫ ȏ ƧŚưǯ ƩơǂǷ ǂƻȊǳ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǽƢǼǴǫ ǾǳȂǬǻ ȏƆ ƢƷ ǹȁƾŸ ǺŲ ǹƢǯ ƩŐǳƗ ƾďȈƳ ǞǓȁ Ŀ ơƆŚƦǯ ƾǴŪơ ǺǷ ƔÅ ơǀƷ ƾƳȁ Ȃǿ .Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ .ǾȈǳƛ ǹȂƳƢƬŹ ƢǷ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǁơȂǌŭ ǶȀǈǨǻƗ ơȁǂĈǔƷ ǺăǷ ǲǯ ǲưǷ ƨȈǳƢǟ ǾƫƢȇȂǼǠǷȁ ǲǷȋƢƥ ƢƆǸǠǨǷ ǹƢǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ Ŀ ƾȇƾƳ ƔȆǋ ƭƾƸȈǇ ǹƢǯ ǶȈǜǟ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ Ǯǳƿ ǶȀǨǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǹƢǯ .ǲȇȂǗ ǺǷ ƶƦǏƗ ơƆŚƻƗȁ .ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ƧȂǫ ƪǈȈǳ ƧȂǬƥ ƨȇȁơǃ ǲǰƥ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǂǷȋơ ǂƻƕ ǝƢƦǘǻơ ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ ǱƢƷ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ .ǹȂǠǴŭơ ƢǼŭƢǟ ǁƢȈĔơ ƣǂǬƥ ƨǜƷȐŭơ ǺǰǸŭơ Ǯǋ ŇƽƗ ǹȁƾƥ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƨǯǂūơ ǺǷ ơȂǼǰŤ ǶȀǟȂƳȁ ǶȀƦǠƫ Ƕǣǁ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǺǷ ǲǌȇ ǅƢǈƷƛ ǹƢǯ ƢǼƥȂǴǫ Ŀ .ƧơǂǠǳơȁ ȄǓǂŭơȁ śǰȀǼŭơ ǅƢǈƷƛ ơƆǂȇƢǤǷ ǹƢǯ .ǁƾǬǳơ ƾȇ Ŀ ƨƦǠǳ ƢǼǻƗ ƢǼǈǈƷƗ ȃȂǬǳơ ǁơȂƻȁ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ǵƾǟ ơȁǂǠƫ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǜƸǴǳơ Ŀȁ ƢƆƸȈƸǏ ƢƆƸȈǸǴƫ ơȂǬǴƫ ǲƟȐǫ ǅƢǻƗ ơƾǟ ƢǷ)ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǲǯ ǹȂǻƢǯ 18 ƨǴȈǳ Ŀ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ơȂƳǂƻ (ƩơƽƢȈǠǳơ Ŀ ƧĈǂǇȋƗ ƾƷƗ Ŀ ơȂǠƴǘǓơȁ Ŀ ƩơǂǰǈǠŭơ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƆƢǨǳƗ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ŅơȂƷ ǹƢǯ Ƕǿƽƾǟ ǹƗ ǁďƾǫƗ ƢǻƗ .1945 ňƢưǳơ Ŀ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƤƬǰȇ ƢŠǁ .ƩŐǳƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƔȐƻȍơ ƧŚǈǷ Ŀ ơȂǨƬƻơ ǶȀǴǯ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ƨǬǘǼŭơ .ǶĄǿǂă ȈăǇĉ ǵƢȇȋơ ǺǷ ǵȂȇ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ .ǂǌǟ ƾƷƗ ƢǼȈǬƥ Ŗǧǂǣ Ŀ .ǹƢǈǻƛ ƨƠǷ ňƢť ŅơȂƷ ƢǼǯ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ ǲǯ Ŀ ơƆŚƻƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƢƆǠǷ ƢǷƢǻ ǺȇǀǴǳơ ǁȂƯǁƕȁ ǱǁƢǋ ơƾǟ ƢǸȈǧ ȆƳǁƢƻ ǂȇǂǇ Ŀ ǞƴǘǓơ Ŗǳơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǂŤ ƩƗƾƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƢȀũơ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǸǼȀŪơ ƨǳȉơ ǕƢǌǻ ǦǫȂƫ .ŃƢǠǳơȁ ǺǷǄǳơ ƱǁƢƻ Ŀȁ ǲǸǠƫ ǱơǄƫ ƢǷ ƺƥƢǘŭơ ƪǻƢǯ ƔȐƻȍơ ƨǴȈǳ Ŀ .ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǂǌǟ ǺǷƢưǳơ Ǻǟ ƪǨǫȂƫ ƨȇǄǯǂŭơ ƨƠǧƾƬǳơ .ƧŚƻȋơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ȄǬƦƫ ƢǷ ơȂǟǃȁ ŅƢƬǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ ƵƢƦǏ ƪǔǨŵơ ƩĈǂǷ ƨǟƢǇ ǲǯ ǞǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƨƠǧơƽ ǱơǄƫ ƢǷ ƪǻƢǯ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ .ǲǸǠǳơ ǹƢǯ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ .ƽŐǳơ ƢǼǬȇƢǔȇ ǥȂǇ Śǐǫ ƪǫȁ ǱȐƻ ǾǻƗ ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǹƢǯȁ Ƨǁơǂūơ ǎȈǸǬǳơ ǹȂǈƦǴȇ ơȂǻƢǯ ȄǓǂŭơ ƨȇǂưǯƗ .ǂǨǐǳơ ƪŢ ƨƳǁƽ Ǻȇǂǌǟ ŅơȂƷ ǍǁƢǫ ƽǂƥ .ǎȈǸǬǳơ ŕƷ ǶȀǐǬǼȇ ǹƢǯ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ ǖǬǧ Ŀȁ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ƽȂǼƳ ǒǠƥ ƢǼǠǷ ȆǬƥ .ǾƬǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ ǞǓȂǳơ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǥǂǠȇ Ń .ƽȂǼŪơ ǺǷ ǲȈǴǬǳơ ȆǬƥ ƨǇơǂūơ ƱơǂƥƗ

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ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ǺǷ ƩƢǯȂǴƥ ƔƢǇƙǁ ǺĈȈǟ Ȃǿ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǺǷ ǊȇȁƢǋ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǱȂš ǂȀǜǳơ Ŀ Śǣȁ ƽȂȀȈǳơ ȄǓǂǸǴǳ ƧƽǂǨǼǷ ƶƟơȂǳ ơƆǁȂǧ ǂċǔŢ ǹƗ ǂǷƗȁ ơȂǬƥ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƽȂȀȈǳơ Śǣ śƥ ŕƷ ơȂǴǏơȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ƣǂǤƬǈȇ Ńȁ Ǿƫơƿ ǺǷ ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǹƢǯ ǂǷȋơ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƽȂȀȈǳơ ȄǴǟ ǲǜȈǇ ǾǻƗ ǺǷƚȇ Ń ȅƽȂȀȇ ȅƗȁ .ǦȈǼǐƬǳƢƥ ǶŮ ǄȈǸŭơ ǂȇƾǬƬǳơ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǜƸǴǳơ . ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ .ǅȍơ ƣƢǘƻ .ƨƦǣǁ ǹȁƾƥ ǶŮ ƪŦǂƫ .śƥȂǟǂǷ ƢȈǬƥȁ ƢƆƠȈǋ ƢǸȀǨȇ Ń ǹƢȈǈǻǂǨǳơ Ń ƾǠƥ śǠƟƢƳ ƢǈȈǳ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƢǸȀƯȂǰŭ ǂȀǋ ǂŻ Ń .ƢƆƦǔǣ řǠƦǋƗ ǶȀǧȂƻ .ǅƛ .ǥȂŬơ ƢǸȀǰǴŤ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ .śȇƽȂȀȇ ƢǻȂǰȇ .ƤȈƦǘǳơ ǽƢǬƥƗ ȅǀǳơ ƣƢƬǰǳơ ƩƗǂǫ ǂȀǜǳơ ƾǠƥ ǵȂȇ ǲǯ .ǄƦŬơ ǝďǃȁĄ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ȅǀǳơ ǶǈǬǳơ Ʃǁǃ .ǲȈǏƢǨƬǳơ ǲȈǏƢǨƬƥ ǵȂȈǳơ ńƛ ǽǂǯǀƫƗ ƆơƾƳ ƨƦȇǂǣ .ƧŚưǷ ƨȇơȁǁ Ŀ ƪȈǬƥ ǶēƢȈǻƢǘƥȁ ǹȁŚưǯ ȄǓǂǷ ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷ Ʊǂƻ .ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦǳơ ƪǌƬǧ .ƢǼƥǂǬƥ Ƕǈǫ ńƛ ƢȀƬƦǴƳ řǻƗ ǁȂƯǁƕ ǥǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǂưǯƗ ƧƾďȈŪơ ƢȀǔǠƥ ƩǀƻƗ .ƢĔƢǰǷ

Ȇǿ ƢƆǬƷ Y'avait point besoin de le dire.51 ǾǨǻƗ ǁơƽƗ ƢȇŚǘǻǄȇƾǳơ Ƣŭ ǁƢƦƬǟȏƢƥ ơƆǀƻƗ řǻƗ Ʃǂǰǧ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢȇŚǘǻǃƾǳơ ȄǓǂǷ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƥ ǲưǷ Ƨǁǀǫ ƪǻƢǯ .ƾĈȈƳ ǲǰǌƥ ȄǘǤƬǻ ǺŴȁ ǵȂǼǳơ ƾȈǨŭơ ǺǷ ȃǁƗ ǞǫȂƬǷ Ȃǿ ƨȇȁơǃ Ŀ Ǿǻơ ƢǼǜƷȏ Ƥǟǂƥ ƔƢƥǂȀǰǳơ ƔȂǓ ƾǠƥ ǭƢǼǿ ǆȈǳȁ .ǾǳȐǛ ǲȈǴǳơ ȄƻǁƗ Ŀ ǹƢǯȁ .ǶǴǰƬȇ ǹơ ƨƦǣǁ ǽƾǼǟ Ǻǰȇ Ńȁ ƆƢƸǴǈǷ ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǲƳǁ ǦǬȇ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ .ƧǂƻƘƬǷ ƨǟƢǇ ŕƷ ƧƔơǂǬǳơ ƪǴǏơȁ .Ǿƫǂǯƿ ȅǀǳơ ǅƢǈƷȍơ ǆǨǻ ǥȂƻ œǴǫ ƩƘǨǘǻơ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ƨǂǌǟ ƨȇƽƢūơ Ȇǿ ƨǟƢǈǳơ ǹƗ ƩǁĈƾǫ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƩƢǟƢǇ ƢǼǠǷ Ǻǰƫ Ń ǚƷȐǻ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǹƢǯ ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷ .ƨǇơǂūơ ƱơǂƥƗ ǩȂǧ Ŗǳơ ƔơȂǓȋơ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ ƔơȂǓȋơ ǲǯ ƨǬǴǠǷ ƪȈǬƥ Ŗǳơ ƔơȂǓȋơ ǺǷ ƽƾǟ ǂȀǛ ƔƢǸǈǳơ ǪǧƗ Ŀ .ƩơǁȂƬǰƳȁŐǳơ ƔȂǓ ǕȂȈş

.Ǯǳǀƥ ƢǻȁŐţ ǹƗ ƨƳƢƷ ƨȇƗ Ǻǰƫ Ń :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 51 169

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƢƆƠȈǋ ơǀǿ Ǻǰȇ Ń .ǦǐǬǳơ Ɨƾƥ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƩơǂƟƢǘǳơ ǄȇǃƗ ǞǸĄǇ .ƨǬǘǼŭơ ƧȂǬƥ ƩƔƢǓƗȁ .ƩǂǜƬǻơȁ ƣǁơȂƳ ǹȁƾƥ Ɣơǀūơ ƪǴǠƬǻơ ǂȇǂǈǳơ Ǻǟ ƪǳǄǻ .Ņ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ơƆƾȇƾƳ ȅȂǫ ǁƢƴǨǻơ .ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ƨǬǘǼǷ ǺǷ ƢŠǁ ƧƾȈǠƥ Ȇǿ ƢŶƘǯ ƪǠǸĄǇ ǦǐǬǳơ ƔơƾǏƗ ȅƢǻƿƗ .ƮǳƢƯȁ ǹĊ ƢƯ ǁƢƴǨǻơ ǞǸĄǇ ȃǂƳ ƢǷ ǶȀǧ Ŀ ƶųƗ ǹƗ ǲƦǫȁ Ǒǁȋơ ƧƘƴǧ Ǆǿ ȄǴǟ ƨǬǴǠǷ ƪǻƢǯ Ŗǳơ Ǧǰǳơ ƪǟƾǐƫ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ƩǂƴǨǻơ ǮȈƥƢƦǌǳơ ƆƢǼȈǼǗ ƢƬƠǴƬǷơ .ƪǘǬǇ œǌŬơ ǖƟƢūơ Ŀ ǩȂǫƾǷ ǁƢǸǈǷ ǅơǄǳȏơ ǺǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ ƣƢǋ ƵȐǧ ŖȈǳȂȈǼǯ .ǲǸƬǯơȁ ĻƐ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ .ƪǸǐǳơ ƽƢǇ Ǧǫȁȁ ǂȇǂǈǳơ Ǻǟ ƢƆȇǁƢǟ ǱǄǻ .ǾƫƢȈƷ Ŀ ǦǐǬǳơ ǞǷ ƨƥǂš Ǿǳ ƪǈȈǳ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ .ȆǰƦȇ Ɨƾƥȁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ƣȇơȁǃ ȃƾƷƛ Ŀ ǹƢƬǼƯơȁ ƨǟǂǈƥ ƢƬǴǯƖƫȁ ƢƬǴǠƬǋơ ǹƢƬǨȇǂǏȁ ƤȈǏƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹƗ ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǹƢǯ ƔƢǇƚƥ Ƨơǂǟ ơȂƳǂƻ ȄǓǂŭơ Ʃơǂǌǟ .ƨǣǁƢǧ ǦƟơǂǏ .ƽƢǷǁ ńƛ ƢƬǳȂŢ ǹƢȇǂƻƗ ǽƢšơ Ŀ ơȂƦǿƿ ǲǰǳơ .ƣơȂƥȋơ ơȂǬǴǤȇ ǹƗ ơȁǂǘǓơ .ơƆƿȐǷ ơȁƽơǁƗ ƪǴǠƬǋơ ǶȀƬǨȇǂǏ ǺȇŚưǰǳơ ƽƢǈƳƗ ȄǴǟ ƤƟơǀǳơ ƲǴưǳơ Ŀ ƧƢǨƷ ǪƟơǂūơ ƔȂǔƥ ǹȁƔƢǔǷ Ƕǿȁ ǂƻƕ ǽƢšơ ǂĈȈǤƫ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ǲǠƬǌƫ ǥȂǇ ƢǼƬǨȇǂǏ ǹƗ ƾƦȇ Ń .ƪƐǰǧƌ Ŗǳơ ƩơƽƢǸǔǳơ ƪǻƢǯ .ƶȇǂǳơ .ǂǌƦǳơ ǺǷ ƨȈǳƢƻ ƪǻƢǯ ƨǇơǂūơ ƱơǂƥƗ .ơȂǨƬƻơ ǹƢŭȋơ ǹƗ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ Ŀ ƾƷȋ ǃȂŸ ȏ ƆƢǸƟƢǫ ƾǠȇ Ń ǆƬǨǋȁƗ ǂǰǈǠǷ ǹȋ ǾǻƗ ƾǬƬǟƗ ƢǻƗ ƶŭ Ŀ ŅƢƦƥ ǂǘƻ ƩƢǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ .ŅƢǟȋơ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ƨƦǫơǂŭơ Ǻǟ ƭƾƸƬȇ .ǅƚƦǳơȁ ƨƯǁƢǰǳơ ƩơǂƬǧ Ŀ ƧơǁȂƬǳơ ƩƢǏȐƻ ǂǯƿ ǂǐƦǳơ Ʃǂǰǧ ƔƢǔǟȋơ ƾǸŸ ȅǀǳơ ƽŐǳơ ƽƢǟ ƧǁȂǈǰŭơ ƧǀǧƢǼǳơ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ .ǵƢǻƗ ǹƗ ǺǰŤƗ Ń ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ .ƢƆǷƢǠǗȁ ƆƢƥƢǌƻƗ ƆƢǸƸǧ ƾų ǹƗ ƧƘǧƾǷ Ǻǟ ƮƸƦǻ ǹƗ ȅǁȁǂǔǳơ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ǹȁƾƥ Ǯǳǀƥ ǵƢȈǬǴǳ ƧȂǬǳơ ǞŦƗ ǹƗ ƢƆƸƳƢǻ ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ǺǯƗ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ȅǁȁǂǓ ơǀǿ .śȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ǞǷ ƪƯƾŢ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƧƾǟƢǈǷ

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ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ƢǼƬƯȐƯ ƢǼǸǫ ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀȁ ȆǠǷ ơȂǬǧơȁ ǹȂȈǈǻǂǨǳơ .ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǂǌǟ ǞǇƢƬǳơ ƽŐǳƢƥ ǂǠǋƗ ƪǼǯ .ȃȂǬǳơ Ŀ ƢƆǨǠǓȁ ƢƆƠȈǇ ơƆǁȂǠǋ ƩǂǠǋ .ƱȁǂƼǴǳ ƢǻƽƾǠƬǇơȁ .ǥȂŬơȁ ǺǷ ƱȁǂŬơ ǝȂǼŲ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠǻ ȏƗ .ǂȇƾǬƫȁ ǝȐǘƬǇơ Ŀ ƢǼȈǳƛ ơȁǂǜǻ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ȄǓǂŭơ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ơȂƷǂǧ ƆƢƠȈǋ ơȂǳȂǬȇ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǲǯ ƾǠƥ ƣǂȀȇ Ń ǲǿ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ .ơȂƥǂŸ ǹƗ ƨǟƢƴǌǳơ ǶǿƾǼǟ Ȑ Ɔ ȈŦȁ ƢƆǟƢƴǋ ǹƢǯ ǱǁƢǋ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ŘƦǷ Ǻǟ Ƨǂǰǧ śȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ƾǼǟ Ǻǰƫ Ń ńƛ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦǳƢƥ śǧȂǨǴǷ ƢǼƳǂƻ .śƷȐǨǴǳ ƨȈƫƢȈƷ ƨǸǰƷ ơƿȁ ƢƆȈǴǸǟȁ ƢƆȈǯƿ ǁȂƯǁƕȁ .ƣƢƦǔǳơȁ ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ ǵȂȇ Ŀ ƶȇǂǳơ .ǾǼǟ ƩƗǂǫ ȁƗ ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ǾƬȇƗǁ ǶǴƷ ȅƗ ǾƦǌȇ Ń ǽƢǼȇƗǁ ƢǷ ȏ .ƔƢǷ ȏ .ǵƾǬƬŭơ ǱȐŴȏơ ǲƷơǂǷ Ŀ ȁƾƦȇ Ɨƾƥ ǾǇƢǨǻƗ ǹȉơ ǚǨǳ ȅǀǳơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ Ŀ ƪǠǫǂǨƫȁ ƪȈǬǳƗ .ƢĔƢǰǷ ǺǷ ƪǟǄƬǻơ ƣơȂƥȋơȁ ǮȈƥƢƦǌǳơ ƔƢƥǂȀǯ ƢƆȈǳƢǟ ƪǠǨƫǁơ ƽƢǷǂǳơ ǺǷ ǵȂȈǣ ƵȂǘǈǳơ Ǻǟ ȄǬƒǴȇĄ ȅǀǳơ ȅȂƬǴŭơ ǮǼƬǳơ ƲȈƴǓ ǞĉǸǇĄ – ȃȂǫ Ȑƥ ƨȇǂǌƥ ǲǯƢȈǿ .ǂǌƦǳơ ǱƢǸǟƗ ƪǨȈǓƗ ǦǐǬǳơ ǲǠǧ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ .ƔƢǸǈǳơ Ŀ .ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ ƩƾǸš Ŗǳơ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ơȂǳȂš .Ȇǌŭơ ȄǴǟ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ơȂǳơǃ ƢǷ Ǻȇǀǳơ ȄǓǂŭơ ƨƠȈǴŭơ ǥǂǤǳơ ȄǴǟ ǵȂǸŰ ƤǔǤƥ ơȂǸƴǿȁ .ǵƢǠǘǳơ Ǻǟ ƢƆưŞ ƨǣǁƢǨǳơ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ơȂǳĈȂƷ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǟȂǼŲ ǹƢǯ ƨǴȈǴǫ ǵƢȇƗ ŕƷ Ǻȇǀǳơ śǿȁǂǰŭơ ƩƢǯȂǴƦǳơ ƔƢǇƙǁ ƭƢƯƘƥ Ŀ ơȂƼǘǳ ǶǔŮơ ǃƢȀƳ ȄǴǟ ơȁǂǘȈǈȇ ǹƗ ơȂǼǰǸƬȇ Ń ǶĔȋ .ƢȀǼǷ ƣơǂƬǫȏơ ƔƢǘǈƦǳơ .ƔƢǸǴǳ ƾȈƷȂǳơ ǁƾǐŭơ ǹȉơ Ȃǿ ȅǀǳơ ƲǴưǳơ ǹƢǰǷ ǲǯ ńƛ ơȂǘǨǌȇ ŕƷ ƪǫƎǂƷĄ Ŗǳơ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ƤƟơǂƻ ǱȂƷ Ǒǁȋơ Ŀ ơȂǬƥ ȄǓǂŭơ ȆǬƥ ȅǀǳơ ǶƸǨǳơ ȄǴǟ ƢǿȁȂǋ ƢǗƢǘƥ ơȁƾƳȁ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǹȁǂƻȉơ .Ɣǥƾǳơ ƨȈǬƥ ǶȀǷƢǈƳƗ ơƆǁƢǻ ơȂǴǠǌȇ ǹƗ ơȂƸų ǲƟȐǫ .ƨȈǿơǂǰǳƢƥ ǖǬǼƫ ǶĔȂȈǟȁ ǶŮȂƷ ơȁǂǜǻ ƾǬǳ .ǪƟơǂūơ ǺǷ .ƨǨǴƬű ƩơȁƽƗ Ŀ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƲǴưǳơ ơȂƥȁƿ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ŀ ƨǇơǂƸǴǳ ƢŷƢǼǠǓȁȁ śǈȈǯ ƢǻȌǷ . ƢǗƢǘƥ ƢǻƾƳȁ ƮȈƷ ƺƥƢǘŭơ ńƛ ƢǼȀƳȂƫ ƆơŚƻƗ ơƆŚƻƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ ƢǻƾƳȁ śȈǘǼǼǷȁŐǴǳ ǞƥƢƬǳơ ǭȂǴƦǳơ ƤƟơǂƻ śƥ .ǁȂƯǁƕ ƧƾȀǟ ƢǻƗȁ ǁȂǼƬǳơ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƢǼǴĈŧ ƾȇ ƨƥǂǟ ƤǴƳ ǱǁƢǋ .ƧƾďȈƳ ƨǳƢƷ Ŀ ŚƦǯ ǁȂǼƫ :ǾǼǟ ƢǼǌƬǧ ƢǷ ǾȈǴǟ ȆǸǣƗ ȅǀǳơ ǁȂƯǁƕ ƾƳȁ ǭƢǼǿ .ǅƢȈǯȋơ ńƛ ǒǯǁ ǱǁƢǋȁ ƢǼƬǨȇǂǏ ńƛ ƢēǁǂƳ .ǾǬȇƾǏ ŀƢǠȈǳ Ƥǿƿȁ śǈȈǰǳơ ǺǷȉơ ǹƢǰŭơ ńƛ ƤǴƳ ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ .ǹǃȂǳơ ǹǃơȂƫ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢƷƗ ǹƗ ƪƸų ƨƥȂǠǐƥ .ƨƥǂǠǳơ ļȂǫ ǲǰƥ .ȆǷƢǷƗ ƪǠǧƽ ƧƽƢǠǳƢǯȁ .ƨƳơǁƽ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƦǯơǁ ǅƛ .ǅƛ ȅƾǼƳ ǂȀǛȁ ǁȂƫȂǷ ƩȂǏ ƪǠũ ƧƘƴǧ .ňƢȈǯ ǹȊŻ ƨȇȂǫ ƨȈǿơǂǯȁ ƪȈŲ ǥȂş ƪǈǈƷƗ ƧǂƴƸƬŭơ ǶȀǿȂƳȁ ƪȇƗǁ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǂǰǈǠŭơ śǻơȂǫ ƤǈƷ .ǁȂǼƬǳơ ǭǂƫƗ ǹƗ ƽǁƗ Ńȁ ȆǨƬƻƗ ǹƗ Ņ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ơƆǂƻƘƬǷ ǹƢǯ Ń .ƨǠƦǬǳơ ǞǴźȁ ƨȈŢ ǦǬȇ ǹƗ ŚǇȋơ ȄǴǟ ŚǇƗ ƣǂǫ ǅƛ .ǅƛ ȅƾǼƳ ǂŻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨƥǂǠǳơ Ǻǟ ƩơȂǘƻ Ƨƾǟ ƩƾǠƬƥơ .ƨȈǻƢǘƦƥ ƢƆǧȂǨǴǷ ǹƢǯ ȆǸǈƳ ǲǯȁ ƨǠƦǫ ȆǠǷ Ǻǰȇ ƪ Ą ǧǂǟ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ɣơǁȁ ȄǨƬƻơȁ ĺ ǆŹ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǂǷ ňƢŭȋơ .ǮƦƫǂǷ ƢǻƗȁ .ƪǐǴţ ǂǘƻ ȅƗ ǺĉǷ .ƾȀŪơ ƤƦǈƥ Śǐǫ ǆƊǨǻă .ǱǁƢǌǳ ǁȂǼƬǳơ ƪȈǘǟƗȁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ƆơŚƻƗȁ .ƔơƽȂǇ ǞǬƥ ƪǴǰǌƫ řȈǟ ƣǂǫ ǪǐƬǳơ ƽǁƢƦǳơ ǹƾǠŭơȁ ƨǳȂǴǌǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǼƬƯȐƯ ȅƾȇƗ ǁȂǼƬǳơ ǱƢǠǋƛ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ ǹȉơ ƢǻƾƳȁ .ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ȅȂǌǻȁ ƘǧƾƬǻ ŕƷ ǁƢǼǳơ ǱƢǠǋƛ ƢƆȇǁȁǂǓ ǹƢǯ Ǻǰǳȁ ǞƥƢǏȋƢƥ .ƨǫȁǂƄơ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƩơǂǸŪơ ǒǠƥȁ ƢƆƥƢǌƻƗ ƆƢǸƸǧ Ŀ ǂƫȂƬǳơ ƽƾƦƫ ǦȈǯ ƢǻǂǠǋ ȄǸŹ Ɨƾƥ ǁȂǼƬǳơȁ ǂǈǰŭơ ǭƢƦǌǳơ ƵȐǏƛ ȃǂƳ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨưǳƢưǳơ Ŀ Ȇǈǻǂǧ ňȂǳȂƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ )ȆǰǈǧȁǁȂƥȂǗ ǾƳȂƫ ƧƘƴǧȁ .ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ƤǴǫ ƨǠǘǫ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ȆǘǠȇ ǹƗ ƵǂƬǫơȁ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ȄǓǂŭơ ńƛ ( ǅȂǨȈƬǳƢƥ ǒȇǂǷ ǺȇǂǌǠǳơȁ .ǲƎƦǫƌ ƵơǂƬǫȏơ .ƢǼǴǸǟ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǺŴ ƢǼǳ ǄƦƻ

172

ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƧƢȈūơ ǹȂǻƢǫ .ơǀȀǯ ƭƾƷ ƭƾŹ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ Ǻǰƥ Ń Ǯǳƿ ǺǷ ǵȂȇ ǲƦǫ ǂǟƢǌŭ ǹƢǰǷ ȏ ǾǻƗ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ."ǭǁƢƳ ǄƦƻ ǲǯ ƪƸų ơƿƛȁ ǭǄƦƻ ǲǯ" :ǱƢǫ .ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƩȂǷ ƨǬȈǬƷ ƾĈǈƳ ȆǰǈǧȁǂƥȂǗ ƵơǂƬǫơ ơǀǰǿȁ .ǂǰǌǳơ Ǿǻƛ ǱȂǬǳơ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǾǻƗ ƾǬƬǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢǼǼȈƥ ǲĉǸǟĄ ȅǀǳơ Ǳȁȋơ ňƢǈǻȍơ ǲǸǠǳơ ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ ńƛ -ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ơȂǬƥ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǢǼǴƬǨȈŮơ-ƢǼƫƽƢǟƗ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǴǸǠǳơ ƩƗƾƥ ƨǜƸǴǳơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ňƢǈǻȍơ ǞǸƬĐơ ǺǔĉƷ .ƽŐǳơ Ŀ Ʊǂź ȏ ǹƗ ƾȀƬƳơ ƢƆǬƷȏȁ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ Ǻǰǳȁ .ơƆƾƳ ƾĈȈƳ ǲǰǌƥ ǊǠƬǻơ ǁȂƯǁƕ ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ .ȄǓǂŭơ ƾǟƢǇȁ ƨǧƢǜǼǳƢƥ ǶƬǿơ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ƩƢƦƷ ȃȂǋ ƧǁȂǇƢŭơ ŀƢǟ ƾǬǳ ƢǼƦǈǯ ƔƢǈŭơ ƔȆů ǲƦǫ .ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ Ƣđ ǵƢȈǬǳơ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ Ŗǳơ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ƢǼũƢǬƫ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ƢǼǟǃȁ .ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƢǿƢǷǁ ƧŚƥ ƨƦǴǟȁ ǱȂƸǰǳơ ǺǷ ǂƬǳ Ǧǐǻ ŚǐǬǳơ ǁơȂǌŭơ Ŀ ǎǬǼǳơ ȄǴǟ ǶǈŪơ ƾǟƢǈƫ ƩƢǨǨĐơ ǹƗ Ʃǂǰǧ .ƾƷơȁ ǲǰǳ ƩƢǨǨů ƨǼǨƷȁ ƨƻȂƦǘŭơ .ƩƢǼȈǷƢƬȈǨǳơ Ŀ .ǁȂǼƬǳơ ǲǠƬǋơ ƢȀǴƻơƽ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ƧƾȈƷȂǳơ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǼƬǧǂǣ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǲǯ Ŀ .ǵȐǜǳơ ƽƢǇ ƣƢƦǳơ ǱȂƷ ơȂǠǸƬƳơ ȃǂƻƗ ǵƢǈǫƗ ǺǷ ǹȁŚưǯ ȄǓǂǷ .ơƆƾƳ ǺȇǄƬǠǷ ƢǼǯ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ǹƗ ǶŮƢƦƥ ȏȁ ƢǼǳƢƦƥ ǂǘź Ń ǾǻƗ ƶǓơȁ .ơȂǴƻƾȇ ǹƗ .ǶŮ ƶǸǈȇ Ń ǱǁƢǋ Ǻǰǳȁ ǄǨǬǳơ ǺǷ ƧǁȂǘƻ ǂưǯƗ ƢȇŚƬǧƾǳơ ȄǓǂǷ ǹƗȁ ƢǻƽȂƳȁ ƽƾȀȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǶȀǠǷ ǱƢǐƫȏơ .ƮǳƢưǳơ ǪƥƢǘǳơ ǺǷ ǂǰǧƗ ǹƗ ƩƽȂǠƫ ǲȇȂǗ ǺǷǃ ǀǼǷ Ǿƥ ǂǰǧƗ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ǂǘŬơ ơǀđ ƪǧǂƬǟơ ȆǈǨǻ ƢǻƗ ǹƢǯ ǱƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟ .ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ ǞǼŻ ƔȆǋ ȏ ƨǳƢūơ ǽǀǿ Ŀȁ .Ǒǂŭơ ǺǷ ƩȂǷƗ ƾǫ řǻƗ Ǻǟ ǊƬǧƗ ǹƗ ŅƢƦƥ ǂǘź Ńȁ .Ǒǂŭơ ǺǷ ƩȂŭơ ǞǼǷ ƢǻǁȁƾǬǷ Ŀ ǆȈǳ ǾǻƗ Ņ ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǁȂǼƫ ǹƢǯ ƢǼǿ .Ǒǂŭơ ǺǷ ȃȁƾǠǴǳ ǲǫƗ ǂǘƻ ƢȀȈǧ ǹȂǰȇ ƢŠǁ ȃǂƻƗ ƨǨȇǂǏ Ŀ ƨǧǂǣ ƾƷƗ śƥ ƨǴǏ ƩƾǳȂƫ ƢǼǿȁ .ǂȇǂǇ Ņ ǹƢǯ ƢǼǿ .ƨǠƟơǂǳơ Ƨǁơǂūơ ǝǃȁ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ ƱƢƬǻƛ .ƨȇƾǠŭơ ǑơǂǷȋơ Ƕǈǫ ǺǷ ƢƆǔȇǂǷ ǂǌǟ

173

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǵȐǜǳơ Ŀ .ǦǐǬǳơ ƩƢǼǯƢǷ ơǂƬǈǯǁȁƗȁ ơƆƾȈǠƥ ȁƗ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ Ǟǧơƾŭơ ȅȁƽ ƢǼǠũ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ ƢǼǠǼǏȁ ƢǻƗȁ ǁȂƯǁƕ ǱǁƢǋ ƢǼǈǴƳ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ƔƢǓƗ ǂǸƴǴǳ ǂŧȋơ ƔȂǔǳơ ǖǬǧ ƮȈƷ ǁȂǷƗ Ǻǟȁ ƪǻƢǯ ǁȂǷƗ Ǻǟ ƢǼƯƾŢȁ ƺƦǘŭơ Ŀ ƢǿƢǻƾƳȁ Ŗǳơ ƣƢǌǟȋơ ǺǷ ǂƟƢƴǇ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƨǸǴǜǷ ƨǧǂǣ Ŀȁ .ƣǂūơȁ ƽŐǳơ ǂǘȈǇ ƮȈƷ Ǿǳ ƽȁƾƷ ȏ ƔƢǔǧ Ŀ .ļƘƫ ǥȂǇ ǀǼǷ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ ƆơƾƳ śƦǠƬǷ ŃƢǠǳơ Ǻǟȁ ƢǼǈǨǻƗ Ǻǟ śǓơǁ ƢǼǯ ǶȈƯơǂŪƢƥ ǵȂȈǳơ ƾǠƥ ƅơ ǲưǷ ƢŠǁ ƆƢǠǧƢǻ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ ƢǼǴǸǟ ƆơŚƻƗ ơƆŚƻƗ ǾǻƗ ƢǼǈǈƷƗ ǲȇȂǗ ƪǫȁ .ŃƢǠǳơ ǾǼȇȂǰƬǳ Ǳȁȋơ ƆƢƦǠƬǷ ƪǼǯ .ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ŀ ǁȂǼƬǳơ ǲǠǋƗ ǹƗ ȅǁȁƽ .ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǹȁǂǌǠǳơ ƽǂů .ȄĈǸū ƌ ơ ǑǂǷ ǺǷ ƾǠƥ Ǧ ă ǋƗ Ń řǻƗ ƨǜū ǲǯ Ŀ .řƫǂǯƿ ƨǔȇǂŭơ ǲǏƢǨŭơȁ ńƛ řǠǧƽ ǁƢǼǳơ Ǻǟ ǊƬǧƗ ŕƷ ƾǸƴƬŭơ ƔơȂŮơ ńƛ ƱǂƻƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ǹƢǯ ǾǻƗ ŚǰǨƬǳơ .ǹƢȈưǤǳơ ǹƘƬƥȁ ǩǁȁ ƨǠǘǫ ȄǴǟ ǱȂƸǰǳơ ǺǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƪƦƦǏ ƘƴǴŭơ ƧǁƢƴƷ Ʃǂǯǀƫ śǰǈǳƢƥ ǂƴūơ Ŀ ƩǂǨƷ Őǐƥȁ .ƽȂǇƗ ơƆǁƢƦǣ ƪǘƸǫ ǹƗ ńƛ ƧǁƢƴūơ ƪǰǰƷ ǁȂǨƄơ ǂƴūơ ǁƢƦǣ ơȂǈǷȁ ǂƴūơ ǺǷ ƪǬǴǘǻơ Ʃơǁơǂǌǳơ ǒǠƥ :ƪǻƢǯ ƨƦȈƴǠǳơȁ ƾƷơȁ ǲǰǳ ǺĈƼǇȁ ǽǂȇǂǇ ǺǷ ƢƆǈǸƸƬǷ ǱǄǻ ǁȂƯǁƕ .ǱȂƸǰǳơ ǺǷ ơƆǁƢǻ ƪǴǠǧ ƨǫǁȂǳơȁ ǱǁƢǋ ƢǼƳǂƻ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥ ȏƆ ƢƷ .ǵȂȇ ǲƦǫ ƢǿƢǼȇȂǋ Ŗǳơ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ǺǷ ƢǗƢǘƥ ƩƢƦƷ ƭȐƯ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ)ƔơǀǤǳơ ǺǷ ǹȁǄƼŭơ .ǂǔƬƸĄȇ ȅǀǳơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǳȂŪ ǺȇƾǸƴƬǷ śǠƟƢƳ ƢǻƗȁ ƲǴưǳơ ǺǷ ǾȈǴǟ ǲǐŴ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǯ ƔƢŭơ .śǷȂȇ ȆǨǰȇ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ȆǬƥ ȅǀǳơ (ǖǬǧ ǲƟƢǇ ȄǴǟ ǲǐŴ śƼǈƬǳơ ƾǠƥ Ǿǻȋȁ ƧŚƦǯ ƲȇǁƢȀǏ ƢǻƾǼǟ Ǻǰƫ Ń Ǿǻȋ ƧƾǬǠǷ ƨȈǴǸǟ .ƨȈǨǐƫ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞȁ ǦȈǜǻ Śǣ ǹȂȈǟ ƨȈǌƷȁ ƨǴȇȂǗ ǹȂǫƿ .ƢǼǴưǷ ƪǳȂš ƨǠƟƢƳ ǲǯƢȈǿ .ƢƆƟƽƢǿ ǹƢǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ǲƻƾǻ śǻơǂǰǈǳơ ǲưǷ ƢǼǴƳǁƗ Ǟǧǂǻ .ǂǨǏȋơ ƾǴŪơ ƪŢ ƧǃǁƢƥ ǵƢǜǟȁ ƨǫǁƢǣ ƩƢǘǴƥ ƢǻƾƳȁ ƢǷ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ Ŀȁ ƢȀǼǷ Ʊǂŵȁ ƨȇȁƢŬơ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ .ǱƽƢƦƬǳơ ƧǁƢƴƬƥ ơȁǂǰǧ ƔƢȈǯƿȋơȁ .ǞǨǼȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ .ŚǷƢǈǷȁ ŅƢǬǷ ǱȂǘǇ .ƨȈƷƢǼǳơ Ŀ śȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ śƷȐǨǳơ ǞǷ ǂȇǂƸƬǳơ ƾǠƥ ƢĔȁǀǨǼȇ Ŗǳơ 174

ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ǮǈǷƗ .ƨǼǨǠƬǷ ƢǗƢǘƥ ǺǷ ƩƢƦƷ Ƨƾǟ ƤƦǈƥ ǹƢǼƯƛ ǲƫƢǬƫ ƺƦǘŭơ Ŀ ǽƢǨǌƥ ǊȇƾȇȏƢƥ ơȂǸƬǋȁ ƨƠȈǘƥ ƩƢǯǂŞ ǂƻȉơ ƢŷƾƷƗ ƣǂǓ ǂƻȉơ ǺǘƦƥ .ƧƾǸƴƬǷ Ƕƴūơ ŚƦǯ ƪǨǴǳơ ) ƪǨǴǳơȁ ǖȈƦǼǬǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢƫŚƦǯ ǹƢƬǷȂǯ ƪǻƢǯ ǹǄƼŭơ ƨƷƢǇ Ŀ ǺǷ ƢȀǰǧ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƮȈŞ ƧƾǸƴƬǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƢȀǴǯȁ (ȆǈȈƟǂǳơ ƢǻƔơǀǣ ǹƢǯ ǂŭơȁ ǱȐƻ .ƣȁƢǼƬǳƢƥ ƨǸȀǸǴǳ ƢǻƾǼš ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ .ǉȂǰǼŭơ ƧƾǟƢǈŠ ǖǬǧ ƧŚƦǰǳơ ƨǷȂǰǳơ śǈŨ ŅơȂƷ ƱǂƼƬǈǻ ǹƗ ƢǼƸų .ƢǻơȂǫ ƢƆưƦǟ ǞĈȈǔǻ ȏ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ ơƆƾďȈƳ ƢǼǏǂƷ ǲǸǠǳơ une fameuse trouvaille!52 Ǯǳǀǯȁ ƶǴǷ ƨǷǃǁ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƾƳȁ . ƢƆǷơǂǣȂǴȈǯ .ƲǴưǳơ ǺǷ ƧŚƦǯ ƨǴƬǯ ƩƾǸš ơƆǂƬǳ ǹȂǈŨ ǾȈǧȁ ƔƢǷ ǹȂǳƢǣ ńƛ ƩȏȂǯƘŭơ ǲȈǸƸƬǳ ƧƽƢǟ ƢǿȂǴǸǠƬǇơ) ƧŚǤǏ ƨƥǂǟ ȄǴǟ ǽƢǼǴĈŧ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ƽȂȀŝ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ńƛ Ƣǻƾǟȁ (.ƢǼǳȂƷ ƧƢǬǴǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƩƢƥǂǠǳơ ǽǀǿ ǺǷ Śưǯȁ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ .ƲǴưǳơ ȄǴǟ ƨƥǂǠǳơ ƢǻǁǂƳ ƧŚƦǯ ǁȂǼƬǳơ ȄǴǟ ǽƢǼȈǴǫ ȅǀǳơ ǵȁǂǨŭơ ƪǨǴǳƢƥȁ ƨƻȂƦǘŭơ ƢǗƢǘƦǳƢƥ ƢǼȈǨƬǯơ ǾǈǨǻ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ .ƨǷƢǿ Ʃơƾȇƾš ơƆƾǣ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƾǟȁ ǁȂƯǁƕ Ǻǰǳȁ ǹȂǫǁƢǈǳơ ǮƠǳȁƗ ňȂǬƦǇ .ƧƾȈǨǷ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ Ǻǟ ƢƆưŞ ƧƽƢȈǠǳơ ńƛ ƪƦǿƿ ǂȀǜǳơ ƾǠƥ ƪŢ ǦȈǏǂǳơ ȄǴǟ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǼȈǼǫ ŕƷ ƾƳƗ Ń ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ơȂƦǴǫ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƧŐŬơ ȂŻƾǟ ƩƢȈƳƢūơ ƾƷƗ Ȃǿ Ƣǿ .ƨǨǴƬǷȁ ƨȇǁƢǟ ƨǟȂǓȂǷ ƨȇȁƽƗȁ ơƆǃơǂƥ ƪȇƗǁ ƨǧȂǠǼŭơ ƽơȂŭơ ǹƗ řǠȇ ƢŲ ǝƢǠǋƛ Ʊǂƻ ƢȀƬǐƸǧ .ƧǁƢȈǇ ƨȇǁƢǘƥ :ǾȈǳƛ ơȂȀƦƬǼȇ Ń ňȂǬƦǇ ǺăǷ ȅǀǳơ .ƔƢƥǂȀǰǳƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƨȇǁƢǘƦǳơ .ƢǼƬǧǂǣ Ŀ ƔȂǔǳơ ǞǘǇ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ Őǟ ƆƢƳơȂǷƗ ƢƆƳơȂǷƗ ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ ǀǼǷ .ǝǁƢǌǳơ ǭƢƦǌǳơ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ƪȇƗǁ ǉơǂǨǳơ ǺǷ ǒȈƥȋƢƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ǂǤȇƢƫ ǦǼǏ ǺǷ ƩƢƥƢƥƽ ƩơǁƢȈǇ ƩƢƸǨǐǷ .ƢƆƥǁƢǿ ƪƻƢǷǁƢǨǳơ

.ƨȇƽƢǟ Śǣ ƨȈǬǳ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 175

52

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǹȂƸǴǈǷ ǵơƾǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǋƢǷȁ ƩƢƳơǁƾǳơ ȄǴǟ ǹƢŭƗ .ǲȈŬơ ȄǴǟ ǹȂƦǯơǁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǺǷ ǲȇȂǗ ƪǫȁ ǲƦǫ ƩƢǧƢƷǄǳơ ƲȈƴǓ ƢǼǟƢũƗ ńƛ ǲǏȁ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ .śƸǴǈǷ Śǣȁ :ƧǂǷ ǲǯ ǱƘǇ ǱǁƢǋ .ƢȀǈǨǻ ƩƢƸǨǐŭơ ǁȂȀǛ -

Ca roule encore ?

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Ca roule toujours.53 .ǂǷȌǳ ƨȇƢĔ ȏ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇ

ȅƽƢūơ Ŀ ǂƴǨǳơ ǝȂǴǗ ǞǷ ȄȀƬǻơ ơǀǿ Ǻǰǳȁ .ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǹȁǂǌǠǳơȁ ȅƽƢūơ ǱȁƗ ǺǷ ƨǼǯơƽ ƔƢǔȈƥ ƧƾǸƴƬǷ ƨȈǳƢƻ ƨǬǘǼŭơ ƪƬǸǏ ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǺȇǂǌǠǳơȁ .ǹƢƥǂǤǳơ ǺǷ ƣơǂǇƗ ƔƢǔǨǳơ Ŀȁ ƩȂŭƢǯ Ǻǯơƽ .ǽǂƻƕ ńƛ Ǫǧȋơ ǹȂȈǻȂǳȂƦǳơ ǹȂȈǻƾŭơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ǭǂƸƬȇ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ȃǁƗ ǹƗ ǩȂǋ ĺ ǹƢǯ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǖǬǧ ƪǬƬǋơ .ƣȂƦŮơ Ǻǟ ƪǨǫȂƫ ƶȇǂǳơ ŕƷ .ǹȂƠƦƬű Ƕǿ ǺȇƗ ǥǂǠȇ ǺăǷ .ơȂǨƬƻơ ƨǔȇǂŭơ řȈȇơǂǌǳ ƨƷơǂƬǇơ ƪƦǴǗ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦǳƢƥ ƢƆǧȂǨǴǷ ǂȇǂǈǳơ Ŀ ƔƢǬƦǳơ :ƾƷơȁ ǂǷȋ ȃȂǫȁ ȆǈǨǻ ȃȂǫ ǲǯ ƩƾǼƳ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ .ƧǂƫȂƬŭơ ĺƢǐǟȋ ƨƷơǁ ȆǘǟƗ ǹƗ ƩƽǁƗ ƔȆš ȏ Ŗǳơ ƨȇƢȀǼǳơ ƔȆš ŕƷ ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ .ļǁƾǫ ƽȁƾƷ ȄǐǫƗ ŕƷ ƐĿ Ŗǳơ ȆǸǈƳ .ƪďȈŭơ ǲưǷ ƪǼǯ Ņ ƨƦǈǼǳƢƥ ƔȆǌǳơ ǆǨǻ ňơƽƢǻ ǲǷȋƢƥ ƔȆǴŭơ ȅƽȂǳơ ǪȈǋǂǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǱǁƢǋ ǁȂǼƬǳơ ǲǠǋƗ ǱǁƢǋ Ǻǰǳȁ -ǲǸǠǳơ ńƛ « Vas-y, Primo, descends-toi de là-haut : il y a Jules à attraper par les oreilles… »54

.ƪǫȂǳơ ǱȂǗ ǹȂƳǂƷƾƬȇ ǹȂƳǂƷƾƬȇ ơȂǳơǃ ƢǷ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ

53

ǺǷ ǲȈƳ ȄǴǟ ǮǈŶ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷ ǱǄǻƛ ȂŻǂƥ .ƢƆǷƾǫ ƢƆǷƾǫ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 54 .ǾȈǻƿƗ 176

ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ǺǷ Ǿƥ ǮǈŶ ǹƗ ƵƢƦǏ ǲǯ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹƢǯ ȅǀǳơ ǃơŐǳơȁ ǱȂƦǳơ ǲǘǇ ǹƢǯ "ǲȈĈƳ" ǹƢǯ ȅǀǳơ Ǳȁȋơ ƤƳơȂǳơ ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ .ƧǂǨūơ Ŀ ǾƦǐǻ ǹƗȁ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǾƳǂŵ ǹƗ Ǿȇƾȇ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǺǷ ƨƯȐƯ ǹȋȁ ǺȇƾȈǳơ ǲǈǣ ǺǰǸŭơ Śǣ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ Ǿǻȋ ƵƢƦǏ ǲǯ ǾǴǠǨǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ơƆǀȇǀǳ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ Ǻǰƫ Ń ƨǸȀŭơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǵȂȀǨŭơ ǺǷ .ǅȂǨȈƬǳƢƥ ơȂǓǂǷ ƢǼƬǟȂǸů ǱǁƢǋȁ ƣƢǌƻƗ Ǻǟ ǊƬǧȋ ƪƦǿƿ ƢǻƗ .ƪǨǴǳơȁ ǥȂǨǴŭơ ǂďǔƸ ă ǻĄ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹƢǯ ǺǷ ơȂǼǰŤ Ǻȇǀǳơ ȄǓǂŭơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƫ ǁȂƯǁƕ .ƔƢǷ Śǐȇ ŕƷ ǾƦȇȁǀƬǳ ƲǴưǳơ ǞǸŸ Ƥǿƿ ȆǠǴǬǳơ ǕȐǗǂǇ ȆǰǈǧȁǂƥȂƫ .ŚǌǬƬǳơȁ ǦȈǜǼƬǴǳ ƧƾǟƢǈŭơ ǶȀǼǷ ƤǴǗȁ ǅȂǴŪơ .ǾƦǴǘǳ ơȂƥƢƴƬǇơ ǮǻƢǋȁ ƆƢȇǂǿƢǛ ƾďȈƳ ǾǠǓȁ .ǺȇǂǌǠǳơ Ŀ Ʊȁȁ ƨǬǘǼǷ ǺǷ ƢƆƷȐǧ ǹƢǯ ǕȐǗǂǇ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǻƗ ǂǯǀǻ .ƨƠȈǇ ǁȂǷƘƥ ǂǌƦȇ ǲǰǌƥ ƢƆǨǋƢǻ ƶƦǐȇ ǾƫȂǏ śǻǁ ǂƻƕ ńƛ ǵȂȇ ǺǷ .ǖǬǧ .ǶȈƷǁ ǲǰǌƥ ƢȇŚƬǧƾǳơ ƪǧǂǐƫ ƧƾǟƢƦƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǾȀƳȁ Ƨǂǌƥ ȄǴǟ .ơƆƾƳ ƔȅƽƢǿȁ Ȇǯƿ ǃȂǳȂǗ ƨǼȇƾǷ ǺǷ ƱƢƳǃ ǲǷƢǟ ȆǠǴǬǳơ .(Ƨƽǁȁ) Ɣơǂŧ ƨǠǬƥ ƩǂȀǛ ǾǴưǷȁ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨȈȀǋ ȁƿ ǅȂǨȈƬǳơ ǺǷ ľƢǌƬȇ :ƢȈǯƢǧȂǴǇ ǺǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ ǂƳƢƫ ǮǻƢǋ ơƆƾƳ ǞǧƢǼǳơ Ǻǰǳȁ ǁƢƯǂưǳơȁ œǤǳơ ȆǈǻǂǨǳơ -ňȂǳȂƦǳơ ȅƽȂȀȈǳơ ȆǰǈǧȁǁȂƥȂǗ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ǽȌŻ ȅǀǳơ ǱƙƢǨƬǳơ ƤƦǈƥ ƧŚǤǐǳơ ƢǼƬǟȂǸĐ ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ ƢǼƦǿƿ Ǿǋơǂǧ ƣǂǫ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ ƩơȁǂǔŬơ ŚǌǬƬƥ ȄǓǂŭơ ǵƢǫ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ǦȈű ǲǰǌƥ ƨƯȂǴǷ ƪǻƢǯ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƨƷƢǈǷ ǲǯ .ƺƦǘǸǴǳ ǹƢǰǷ Ǻǟ ǊȈƬǨƬǴǳ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ) ƢȇŚǘǻǄȇƾǳơ ȄǓǂǷ .ǹƢǈǻƛ ȅƗ ƢȀǨȈǜǼƬƥ ǶǬȇ Ń Ǿǻȋ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƪǻƢǯ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ǺȇǂǘǔǷ ƢǼǯ Őǋ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ .ƣơȂƥȋơ ǲǯ ơȁŐǟȁ ĺ-Ƣǰǳơ Ŀ ƨȇȁơǃ ǲǯ ơȂƯȂǳ (ƨƟƢǷ Ȃǳ ƭƾƸȈǇ ǹƢǯ ơƿƢǷ Ƥǟǂƥ Ƣǻǂǰǧ ơƆƾƳ ƢǼǬȇƢǓ ƽŐǳơ ǹƗ ǞǷ .ǹȂȈǟ ǞƦǈƥ Ƥǫơǂǻ ǹƗ ƨǳȂǬǠǷ Śǣ ƪǻƢǯ ƧǁơǀǬǳơ ƽȁƾƷ Ȑƥ ȄǌǨƬƬǇ ƪǻƢǯ ƨȇƾǠŭơ ǑơǂǷȋơ ƲǴưǳơ ƣơƿ ƔƢǷ ƢǻƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ Ƣŭ ƲǴưǳơ ȏȂǳ ơǀǿ ǩȂǧȁ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ȅǀǳơ ŘƦŭơ Ŀ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨǨȈǜǻ ƩƢƷƢǈǷ ǒǠƥ ơƆŚƻƗ ƢǻƾƳȁ ơƾƳ ǲȇȂǗ ǊȈƬǨƫ ƾǠƥ ǺȇƾȈǳơ ƢǼǨǜǻ ƩơƾȈǬǠƬǳơ ǞǼŶȁ .ƪǫȂǳơ Ŀ ǂǧȂǻ ŕƷȁ ƨȇȂǬǳơ ǁƢǼǳơ ƢǼǴǠǋƗ .ƢƆǷƢĈŧ ǹƢǯ .ƢǿǂȀǘǻ ŕƷ śǷơǁȂǴǰǳƢƥȁ ƲǴưǳƢƥ ǺǷ ŚƦǯ ƽƾǟ ǹơƿƕ ńƛ ǲǏȁȁ ƨƸǼƳƗ Ǿǳ ǁƢǏ ƺƦǘŭơ ƪŢ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǹƗ ŐŬơ ǱǁƢǋ .ƨǠƟƢŪơ ƵƢƦǋȋơ ǺǷ ǁȂȀŦ ƨǧƢưǰƥ ơȁǂȀǸš ƺƦǘŭơ ƣǂǫ .Ʃ Ć ơȂǷȋơ -ƔƢȈƷȋơ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǶȀǨȇ Ń ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ ƢƆǟƢƴǋȁ ơƆŚǐǫ ƢƆƥƢǘƻ Ƥǘƻȁ ƢƆȈǳƢǟ ƨǧǂǤŭơ ǲŧ .ƨŦǂƬǳơ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ Ǻǰƫ Ń ǾǳƢǫ ƩơȁǀǴǳ ǕƢȈƻ ǆȇǁƢƥ Ŀ ƽȂǳȂǷ .ȆǬƥ ơƆƾƷơȁ Ǻǰǳȁ ơȂǫǂǨƫ ǁȂȀǸŪơ ƨȇǂưǯƗ ǆƥȐǷ ƢǼǳ ǂďǔŹ ǹƗ ƾǠƬǈǷ Ȃǿ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǺǷ ǂƬǳ ǲƥƢǬǷ .śƬƟǁ ǒȇǂǷ (ǾǳȂǫ ƤǈƷ) .ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƪȈǬƥ Ŗǳơ ƧŚưǰǳơ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦǳơ ǺǷ ƪȈǯƢƳ ȅƾǼǟȁ ǱǁƢǋ ƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ ŅƢƬǳơ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ :ǾƬȈǼȀǷ ȄǴǟ Ǻǿǂƥ ǶȈǈǰǷ .ƢƆǬƷ .ǹȂǴŭơȁ ȆǇƢǬǳơ ǉƢǸǬǳơ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǼǐǷ ǥȂǨǯ Ʊȁǃȁ ǹȂǴǘǼƥ ǞĉǸǇĄ ƨȈȀǌƥ ƢȀǴǯƗ ȃǂƳȁ ǅƢǸŞ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ȃǂƳ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ ǞǧơƾǷ ǦƟơǀǫ ƢǼǠũ ǥǂǤǳơ ǺǷ .ƽƢǇ ȅǀǳơ ǪȈǸǠǳơ ƩȂǰǈǳơ ǖǇȁ ƩȂǏ ƧƘƴǧ ƢǼǇȁƙǁ ǩȂǧ ǺǷ Śǘƫ ƩƗƾƥ ǦƟơǀǬǳơ .ǪǴǬǳơ ƢǼȈǧ ǂưȇ Ńȁ śƦǠƬǷ ƢǼǯ Ǻǰǳȁ ǂƴǨǼƫ .ǽƢšơ ǲǯ ǺǷ ƔȆš ƢĔƗ ƢǼǳ ơƾƥȁ ǺǷ .ƢǼǳ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƨǴȈŦ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƢȀǴƦǬƬǈǷȁ ƨǴȈŦ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ƧƢȈūơ ǹƗ ƪƦǈƷ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ơȂǷƢǻ Ǻȇǀǳơ ȄǓǂŭơ ƪǜǬȇƗ .ǲƬƒǬǻĄ ǥȂǇ ǹȉơ ƩơǀǳƢƥ ƢǼǯ ơƿƛ ǦǇƚŭơ ǂưǯȋơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ ȏƆ ȁƗ ƪǴǫ ǹȂǤǐȇ ƢƆǠȈŦ ǶĔƗ ơƌƾǯƘƬǷ ƪǼǯ ńƛ ǵȐǈƥ ǹȁƽȂǠȈǇ ǦȈǯ ơȁǂǰǨȇ ǹƗ ǹȉơ ƤŸ ǞȈǸŪơ ǹƗ ƢȀȈǴǟ Ʃǁƾǫ Ŗǳơ ƧƽȂƳ ǹȂǰǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ȃǂƻƗ ƔƢȈǋƗ ǺǷ .ȃǂƻƗ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ȏƆ ƢƷ ǲǸǠǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ Ǯǳǀǳȁ .ƪȈƦǳơ ǺȇǂƻȊǳ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƾƷƗ ȆǘǠȇ ȏȁ .ǾƬǬǠǴǷȁ ǾǼƸǏ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŹ ƾƷơȁ ǲǯ :ǺȇǁǀƷ ƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ .ǖǬǧ ǾǸǈƳ ƩƢȈǔƬǬŭ ȏƐ ƛ ǂȇǂǈǳơ ǺǷ ƾƷƗ ǱǄǼȇ ȏ .ǾǠǷ ȆǬƥ Ȃǳ ŕƷ 178

ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ Ǫǧơȁ ǁȂƯǁƕ .ǖǬǧ ƢǼƬƯȐƯ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬȇ ȅǁȁǂǓ ƔȆǋ ȅƗ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ƾƷƗ ƔƢǬƥƛ ǲǔǧȋơ ǺǷ ƗƾƦŭơ ơǀǿ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŹ ǹƗ ƤŸ .ƨǧƢǜǼǳơȁ ǵƢǜǼǳơ Ǻǟ ȏƆ ȁƚǈǷ ȄǓǂǷ ƩơȁƽƘƥ Ʃơȁƽȋơ ǱďƾƦȇ ȏ ǹƗ ǖǬǧȁ ƢȀǴǈǣ ǵƾǟȁ ƨƼǇȁ ǲǯȋơ ƩơȁƽƗ ơȂȀƦƬǼȇ Ńȁ śǳƢƦǷ ȏ ơȂǻƢǯ ȄǓǂŭơ ǹƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ.ǅȂǨȈƬǳơ ȄǓǂǷ ƩơȁƽƘƥ ƢȇŚƬǨȇƾǳơ .ǁȂƯǁƕ ƨȈǳȁƚǈŠ ƢƆǬƯơȁ ƪǼǯ řǼǰǳȁ œǴǘŭ ǂǘƻ Ŀ ǂǗƢźȁ Ʊǂź ǺăǷ Ȃǿ ǝƢƴǌǳơ ƾǟ ơƿƛ .ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǹȁǂǌǠǳơȁ ňƢưǳơ ƨƷƢǈǷ ƢǼǠċǇȁ .ƵƢƦǐǳơ Ǯǳƿ Ŀ ǺąȈǟă Ƣƴǋ ƢǼǯ ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ ǹƘǧ ƾƟơǃ ŚǰǨƫ ǹȁƾƥ ƽƢƷ .ǭȐǇȋơ ǁơƾƳ Ɣơǁȁ ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ǂǰǈǠǷ ŕƷ ǂȇơȂǌŭơ ƢƆǻȂƸǏ ǶēȏȁƢǗ ȄǴǟ ƢǻƾƳȁ .ŚƦǯ ǝǂǈƬƥ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ǽȂǯǂƫ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǅơǂƷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƪǻƢǯ ƩȏȁƢǘǳơ ȄǴǟ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨȈȀǌƥ ƢǿƢǼǴǯƗ ƧƾǸƴƬǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƢȇƢǬƥ Ƣđȁ Ƣđ ơȁƗƾƥ Ʋǻǂǘǋ ƤǠǳ ƧǁƢƴƷȁ .ǂǨǏƗ ƾȈǴƳ ńƛ ƪǳȂŢ Ŗǳơ ƧŚƦǳƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ǅȁƚǯ .ƾƷ ȄǐǫƗ ńƛ ƧƾȈǨǷ ƭƢƯƗ Ǟǘǫȁ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ ǥǂǤǳơ Ŀ .ǖǬǧ .ƧǃƢƬŲ (ƧƾċƴǼǷ) ƩƢȈǻƢǘƥ ǞƥǁƗ ƩȐůȁ ƾƟơǂƳ ƨȇȁƽƗ ƢǯƽȂǧ ƨǼȈǼǫ ƢǻǀƻƗ ǺǷ śƥƢȈǿ Śǣȁ śƷǂǧ .ȂǼȇǁȂǗ Ŀ ŖȈƥ Ŀ ǵȂȈǳơ ŕƷ ȅƾǼǟ ƨǛȂǨŰ ǺǿơƾƷƛ ǖǬǧ .ǁȂƯǁƕ ƾǼǟ ƨǇơǂƸǴǳ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ƢǼȈǘǟƗȁ ƢǼƬǳȂƳ ǾǯơȂǧ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ńƛ ƢǼƦǴƳ ǁƢǘƻȋơ .ƢǼǯǂƫ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ƨǟƢǇ Ǧǐǻ .ǭƢǼǿ ȃǂƳ ơƿƢǷ ƢǼǧǂǟ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ .śƸōǴǈǷ ơȂǻƢǯ .ǁȂƴȀŭơ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ńƛ ơȂǴƻƽ ǹȂȀƟƢƫ .ǅƛ .ǅȍơ ƽȂǼƳ ǒǠƥ .ǶǿȂǴƬǫ ƾǫȁ .ǅƛ .ǅȍ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ƨǧǂǣ Ŀ ơȂǠǓȂŤ ƢƆȈǈǻǂǧ ǂǌǟ ƨȈǻƢť ǭƢǼǿ ơȁƾƳȁ ȄǘǤŭơ ǝǁƢǌǳơ ȄǴǟ ǦǏ Ŀ ǶȀưưƳ ơȂƦƫǁ .ǾǇƗǁ Ŀ ƨǏƢǏǁ ƾƷơȁ ǲǰǳ ơȁǃǂǣ Ń .ǅȁǂǳơ ǲǏȁ ǹƗ ńƛ ǭƢǼǿ ƪȈǬƥ ƨưƳ Ƨǂǌǟ -ňƢť ơȁǁƽƢǣ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƲǴưǳƢƥ .ƮưŪơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǧƾȇ ǹƗ ƧȂǬǳơ ƾƷƗ ƾǼǟ Ǻǰȇ ƮưƳ ƪŤǁơ ƢȀȈǴǟȁ ƧŚưǯ ƧǂďǇƗ ƪǻƢǯ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ǲǯ Ŀ .ǱơȂƷȋơ ƪǻƢǯ ơǀǰǿ Ń ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȁ ȅȋ .ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƨȈǇƢǫȁ ƧƾǸƴƬǷ ƪǻƢǯ Ǒǁȋơ .ƾƷƗ ƢȀȈǳƛ ǾƦƬǼȇ Ń ƧǂƴƸƬǷ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

Ʃǃǂƥ ƾǬǳ .ƢǼƬǨȇǂǏ ƣǂǫ ƧǂǨūơ Ŀ ƪǷȂǰƫ ƧŚưǯ ƮưƳ .ǁȂƦǬǳơ ǂǨū ƧȂǬǳơ Ǻǰƫ .ƢǼǯƢƦǋ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ǽơǂǻ ǹƗ ƢĈǼǰŤ ǝǄǨŭơ ǂǜǼŭơ ơǀǿȁ ƧǂǨūơ ǺǷ ǹȁŚưǯ .ƢȇŚǘǼȇǄȇƾǳơ ȄǓǂǷ Ƕǈǫ śƥȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǲǐǧ ǮȈũ Śǣ œǌƻ ǄƳƢƷ ǖǬǧ ƨǬƦǘƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ .ƩơȂǷȋơ śƥ ơȂǻƢǯ ǹȁŚưǯȁ ǹȁǂǔƬŹ ơȂǻƢǯ ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷȁ ǵƢǠǗ Ǻǟ ǊȈƬǨƬǴǳ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦǳơ ƱǁƢƻ ƱȁǂƼǴǳ ƧȂǬǳơ ƾƷȋ Ǻǰƫ Ń ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ƧƾǷƢƳ Ǿǳ ƿĊ ƢŰȁ ǄƳƢūơ Ɣơǁȁ ƾƷơȁ ǂȇǂǇ Ŀ .Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ƧƾǟƢǈǷ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƫ Ǯǳƿ ǲǠǧ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ .Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ Ɩǧƾȇ ŕƷ ǂƻȉƢƥ ƾƷơȂǳơ ǹƢǬǐƬǴǷ ǹƢȈǳƢǘȇơ ǞƴǘǓơ ơȂǧǂǠȇ Ń ǲȇȂǗ ƪǫȁ ǱȐƻ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ǖǬǧ ƪǸǴǰƫ řǻȋ Ǻǰǳȁ ǹƢƯƾƸƬȇ ƢǸȀƬǠũ ǾǜǨǴȇ ƢǸǯ Ǿũơ ǚǨǴȇ ǱǁƢǋ ƨǧƾǐǳƢƥ ƪǠũ ǵȂȈǳơ ǆǨǻ Ŀ .ŅƢǘȇơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ řǻƗ .ǭĊ Ƣƥ Ʃ Ċ Ȃǐƥ ƧƾǟƢǈŭơ ƤǴǗ Ǻǟ ơȂǨǫȂƬȇ Ń ƢȀǼȈƷ ǺǷȁ ǹȂȈǳƢǘȇȏơ ŕƷ ǖǬǧ Ȃǳȁ .ƧȂǬǳơȁ ƩƢȈǻƢǰǷȍơ ȅƾǳ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃǳ ǶǿƾǟƢǇƗ ǹƗ ƩƽǁƗ řǻƗ ƶǓơȁ ƤǠƬǳơ ȄǴǟ ƪƦǴǤƫ ǱƢǸǟȋơ ǲǯ ƪȀƬǻơ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ .ǶȀƻơǂǏ ǝƢũ Ǻǟ ǦǯƗ ƪƦǴƳ .ǶȀǸǈǫ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ŕƷ ǶǴǜŭơȁ ƭȂǴŭơ ǂǸŭơ ǺǷ ƪƥǂǈƫȁǥǂǬǳơ ȄǴǟȁ ǹƢǰŭơ ǺǷ ȆƳȁǂƻ ƨǜū ǺǷ .ǾǈǨǻ ǵȂȈǳơ Ŀ ƢȀǼǷ ƢǼǴǯƗ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƢȇƢǬƥȁ ƔƢǷ ǺƸǏ ǪȈǫǂǳơ ǄƳƢūơ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ .ǲȈǴǳơȁ ǁƢȀǼǳơ Ŀ ȆũƢƥ ȅƽƢǼȇ Ɨƾƥ ƢȇŚǘǼȇǄȇƾǳơ Ƕǈǫ ǲǯ ƔƢǰƦǳƢƥ ǂƴǨǻơ ǥȂǇ řǻƗ ƪǈǈƷƗ .ƨǷȂȀǨŭơ ƩȐǇȂƬǳơ ƢȀǠǷȁ ƩƢƻǂǐǳơ ƪǠũ .ǶȀƬǿǂǯ .ƨǜū ǲǯ Ŀȁ ŖŢ ȅǀǳơ ǂȇǂǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ǞƴǘǓơ ȅǀǳơ ǂǰǷƢǰǳ .ƧĈǁƢǇ ƧƘƳƢǨǷ ƪǻƢǯ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ ƨǠƥƢǈǳơ Ŀ ȅƾǼǳȂǿ ȅƽȂȀȇ .ȃǂƻȋơ ǁȂǷȋơ ǒǠƥȁ ƧơƽƗ ǺǷ ƨǈƟƢƥ ƨǠǘǫ ƪǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǀǬǻƌƗ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ .ǂȀǋƗ ƨƯȐƯ ǀǼǷ ƨŪƢǠŭơ ƪŢ .ǪȈǫǁȁ ǦȈŴ ǲȇȂǗ Ƨǂǌǟ ƩǁƢǏ ǑơǂǷƗ ƨƴȈƬǻ .ȄĈǸū ƌ Ƣƥ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǅȂǨȈƬǳƢƥ ǑǂǷ ƨȇơƾƦǳơ Ŀ .ƩƢȈǈǰȈǴȈǈǳơ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǹƢǯ Ǯǳǀǳȁ ƨȈƳǁƢƻ Ƶơǂŝ ȄǘǤƫ ǾǸǈƳ ǲǯ .ƤǴǬǳơ Ǒǂŭ ǑơǂǟƗ ǽƾǼǟ ƨȇƾǼǳȂŮơ ǖǬǧ ǶǴǰƫ .ǞƦǌƫ ȏ ƨȈȀǋ ǽƾǼǟ ƪǻƢǯ ơǀǿ ǲǯ ǞǷ .ǾǼǘƥ ȄǴǟ ǖǬǧ ǵƢǼȇ ǹƗ .ƾƷƗ ƢȀǸȀǨȇ Ń Ŗǳơ

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ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ǾǼǷ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǂǏƗ ǂǯƢǷ Ƣǯ .ƪǨǴǳơȁ ǥȂǨǴŭơ ƨƥǁȂǋ ƤƦǈƥ ȃǂƳ ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ ƢŠǁ ǹƗ ƽơǁƗ .ǂȇǂǈǳơ ȄǴǟ ǾǈǨǼƥ ȄǬǳƗ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ȆǰƦȇ Ɨƾƥ ǲȈǴǳơ ǦǐƬǼǷ Ŀ .śƬƦƳȁ ƹǂǐȇ Ɨƾƥȁ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ǖǬǇ ȃȂǬǳơ ǮȀǼǷ ǹƢǯ Ǿǻȋ Ǻǰǳȁ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ńƛ ǲǐȇ .ȆǰƦȇȁ ǚƷȐǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ (!ƔƢǸǈǳơ ǺǷ ƢǼȈǳƛ ƪǳǄǻ ƢŶƘǯ ƨȇǁƢǘƦǳơ) ǹƢǰŭơ ƔƢǓƗ ǱǁƢǋ ȃǂƻƗ ńƛ ƨǜū ǺǷ .śƼǘǴǷ ƢǻƢǯ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗȁ ŕǨǳơ ǂȇǂǇ Śǘƻ ǞǓȂǳơ Ƕǯ ȁƗ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƥ Ǻǰƫ Ńȁ .ǲȈǴǫ ƔƢǷ ƢǻƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ .ƧŚǤǐǳơ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀ ƧǁơǀǬǳơ Ʃƽơƽǃơ Ń ǱƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ .ƭȂǴƬǳơ ǺǷ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƧŚǘƻ Ƨǁƚƥ ńƛ ǱĈȂŢ ǆƟƢƦǳơ ŕǨǳơ .ŚȈǤƬǴǳ Ǧǋơǂǋ ǺǷ ƾǠƫǂȇȁ ȆǰƦȇ ƧǁơǀǬǳơ śƥ ȄǬǴǷ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ ƨǴǷƢǯ ƨǴȈǳ ǾȈǬƦǻ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ Ǻǰȇ .ƽŐǳơ ǮǈǷƗ ƢǻƗ ƢǸǼȈƥ .ƨǸǴǯ ǚǨǴȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǾǈƥȐǷ ǆƦǳȁ ǽǂȇǂǇ Ǻǟ ǱǄǻ ǱǁƢǋ ǲŧ .ƨȈǻƢǘƦǳơȁ Ǧǋǂǌǳơ ǺǷ ƨƼǇȂǳơ ǵƢǈǫȋơ ǲǯ śǰǈǳƢƥ Ȃǿ ǩĈǄǷ ƵƢƦǐŭƢƥ ǺǷ ǱǄǻ ȅǀǳơ ǊǬǳƢƥ ǾǨƐǜǻ ǾǷƗ ǹƢǯ Ȃǳ ƢǸǯ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ Ǻǟ ƨǫǁȁ ǁǀŞ ǂǯƢǸǯ ǲǯ ǞŦ ǮǼƬǳơ ǺǷ ƨǠǘǫ ƧƾǟƢǈŠ .ǾǼǘƥ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǸƟƢǻ ǽǂȇǂǇ ȄǴǟ ǾǠǓȁȁ ǉơǂǨǳơ .ǾǈǨǻ ȄǴǟȁ ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ȄǴǟ ƧĈǂȀƎ ǘƊ ǷĄ ƧƽƢǷ ǉ Ĉ ǁ ơƆŚƻƗȁ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ȅǀǳơ ǃơŐǳơ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƪǼǯȁ ƤǠƬǳơ ƨǷƢƼǓ ƪǧǂǟ řǻȋ ǱǁƢǋ Ƶȁǁ ǍȐƻƛ ƢƆȈǳƢǟ ƩǁĈƾǫ .ǱǁƢǋ ǲǠǧ ƢǷ ǲǠǧƗ ŕƷ ǾȈǴǟ ƤǴǤƫƗ ǵƢȇƗ ǀǼǷ .ƾǨǻ ƢǻƾǼǟ ȅǀǳơ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ǹȁǄű :ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǹȁǂǌǠǳơȁ ƮǳƢưǳơ ƨǸƼǓ ƩơǁȂǸǘǷ ƾƳȂƫ ǁơƾŪơ ƱǁƢƻ ƢǷ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ƩƢǟƢǋƛ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƩǂǌƬǻơ .ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ǺǷ .ǹƢǰŭơ ǺȇƗ ǖƦǔǳƢƥ ǥǂǟ ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƨǬȈǫƽ ƩƢǌȈƬǨƬƥ ǵƢǫ ǱȂȀů ȆǠƟȐǗ ǭȐǇȋơ ǁơƾƳ ǺǷ Ƕǈǫ Ǟĉǘǫƌ ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǺȇǂǌǠǳơȁ ƮǳƢưǳơ ƵƢƦǏ Ŀ ƨǬȈǬƷȁ ǁơƾŪơ Ǫȇǂǘǳ ƨȇǃơȂǷ ƣǁƢǈǷ Ŀ ƪǴƻƽȁ ƪƳǂƻ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ śƥǀǠŭơ ƧŚǈǷȁ ƨǰƟƢǌǳơ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƨǟǂǈƥ .Őǣȋơ ǲȀǈǳơ ǺǷ ƪƦǌǻ Ŗǳơ ƨȇȂǬǳơ ƶȇǂǳơ Ŀ ƢǼƳǂƻ ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ .ǩăǂƬăƼ ą ŭơ .ǁơƾŪơ ƱǁƢƻ ƢǼƸƦǏƗ « Dis donc Primo, on est dehors ! »55 ǅơĈǂƷ Ȑƥ ƨȇǂūơ ňƾǋƢǼƫ ƢǼǴǬƬǟơ ǀǼǷ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ .ǾǳơȂǫƗ ƪǻƢǯ ƨƸȈƸǏ ƆƢǬƷ .ŖȈƥ śƥȁ řȈƥ ǲǐǨƫ ƨǰƟƢǋ ǭȐǇƗ Ȑƥ śƸǴǈǷ ƢƬǻƢǯ ǹƢƬǴȇȂǗ ǹƢƫǂǨƷ !ǄǼǯ :ǂǰǈǠŭơ ǺǷ ǂƬǷ ƨƟƢǸǠƥǁƗ ƾąǠƥĄ ȄǴǟ ƩăƾƳƎ ȁĄ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥ ƾƷƗ ƩȂŻ ȏ .ƾǸš ȏ ŕƷ ǊǬǳơȁ Ǒǁȋơ Ŀ ƧƢǘǤŭơ ƢǗƢǘƦǳƢƥ śƬƠȈǴǷ ƨǬƦǗ ǍǁƢǬǳơ ƽŐǳơ ƤƦǈƥ.ƧǂǨūơ ǺǷ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ Ʊơǂƻƛ Ȑ Ɔ ȀǇ Ǻǰȇ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ .ǝȂŪơ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǹƢǯ ǉȂǰǼŭƢƥ ǂǨūơ ǺǷ ǺƉ ǔǷ ǲǸǠƥ .ƧǁƢƴūƢǯ ƨȈǇƢǫ ƪǻƢǯ ƢȈǴǠǳơ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ Ŀ ǱȁǄǼǳơ ơȂǴĈǔǧ ǅƢǼǳơ ƨȇǂưǯƗ Ǻǰǳȁ .ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ńƛ ǱȂǏȂǳơȁ ƾǸƴƬŭơ ƔƢǘǤǳơ ǂǈǰǻ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ơȂƳǂź ǹƗȁ ǲƻơƾǳơ ńƛ ƢƆǬȈǸǟ ơȂǨƷǄȇ ǹƗ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ƢǿǂǨƷ Ŗǳơ ǩƢǨǻȋơ .ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ơȂǻƢǯ Ǻȇǀǳơ ƔȐǷǄǴǳ ǂǜǼǷ ǺǷȁ ƆơǂƴƸƬǷ ǞƴǘǓơ .ǩƢǨǻȋơ śƥ ƧƘƴǧ ǾǇƢǨǻƗ ǚǨǳ ȅǁƢǤǼǿ ƾƷơȁ ƨǫǁƢǣ ǺǘƦǳơ ƣơǂƬǳơ ǺǷ ƨǷȂǯ ƪŢ ǺǷ ǹƢǨƬǰǳơȁ ǅƗǂǳơ .ǝȂŪơ ơƾƥ ǾȀƳȁȁ ǾǸǈƳ ǁƢǈǷ Ŀ ǲǸǠǳơ ǲǏơȁȁ ƢƆƦǻƢƳ ƨưŪơ ǭĈǂƷ ǽƾǠƥ ƔƢƳ ǺǷă .ǹƢƫȁƾŲ ǹơƾȈǳơ ƲǴưǳơ ƪŢ .ƨƸƬǨǳơ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơȁ ƨƻȂƦǘŭơ ƢǗƢǘƦǴǳ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ƢǼǳ ƔơǀǤǳơ ǺĈǈŢ ǵȂȈǳơ ǆǨǻ ǺǷ ƨȇǂǗ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ .ǁȂƯǁƕ ǝơǂƬƻơ ƤǈƷ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ǺǷ ƢƆǰǠǯ ƢǻƢǓǂŭ ǵďƾǬƐ ǻĄ .ƾȇƾūơ ƨƸƟơǁ Ǿǳ ǹƢǯ ƢȀǸǠǗȁ .ǒȈƥȋơ ƾȇƾūơ ǺǷ ƵȂǳ ȄǴǟ ƢǿƢǼȈǴǫ ƨƻȂƦǘǷȁ ǾǓǂǷ ǹȋ ."ƨǸǠǼǳơ" ǽǀǿ ǺǷ ǞƬǸƬǈȇ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƢȇŚƬǧƾǳƢƥ ǒȇǂŭơ ǆǴǗǂǇ ȅƗ ǞǴƦȇ ǹƗ ǵȂȈǳơ Ǯǳƿ Ŀ ǺǰǸƬȇ Ńȁ ƨƷȂƸƦǷ ƪƸƦǏƗ ǾƫǂƴǼƷ .ƢƆƦǠǏ ƶƦǏƗȁ ǶǫƢǨƫ .ǾǬǼţ ƩƽƢǯ ƧŚǤǏ ƨǸǬǳ ǲǯȁ ǾƫǂƴǼƷ Ŀ ƤȈǏƗ ƢǷ ƔȆǋ ǵƢǠǗ

!ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǺŴ ǱȂǬƫ ơƿƢǷ ȂŻǂƥ Ƣȇ ơǀǰǿȁ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 55 182

ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ƨǸǴǯ Ǟũ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƨǴƥƢǬŭơ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ǞƴǘǓơ ȅǁƢǤǼǿ ƤȈƦǗ Ǻǟ ƮŞȋ ƪƦǿƿ .ƢƆƳǁƢƻ ňƽǂǗȁ řǟ ƾǠƬƥơ ƢȇŚƬǧƽ ǆȈǴǗǂǈǳ ƪǴǫ .ȄǓǂŭơ ǲǯ ǥȂǻƗ Ŀ ƪȇǄǳơ ǺǷ ƢƆǗƢǬǻ ƪǘƐǬǻǖǬǧ ƨƟƾȀƬǴǳ ƧơƽƘǯ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ȆǈǨǻ ǞǼǫƗ ǹƗ ƪǳȁƢƷ ȆǈǨǻ ƢǻƗ .ǺǈƸƬƥ ǂǠǌȈǇ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǿǻƛ .ǲǸǠǳơ ƨǰƟƢǌǳơ ǭȐǇȋơ ǁơƾƳ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ƨƸƬǨǳơ .ƨȇǂūơ :ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǹȁǂǌǠǳơȁ Ǟƥơǂǳơ ƾǠƥ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ :Ȃǿ ǂǷȋơ ŘǠǸǧ ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ Ƣǻǂǰǧ ơƿƛ .ƾĈȈƳ ǲǰǌƥ ǞǫơȂǳơ ƩƾĈǈƳ Ȇũǁ ǥƢǨǘǏơ ȏ .ƩƢƥǂǓ ȏ .ƧǂąƼǇĄ ǱƢǸǟƗ ƾǠƥ ȏ .ƩƢȈǈǰǴǇ ƾǠƥ ȏ .ǹƢŭƗ .ƪȈƦǳơ ńƛ ƧƽȂǟ-ŕƷ ǾǴǯ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥ ƢŠǁȁ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƆƾƷƗ ǹȋ ǞǫơȂǳơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ǞǼƬǬǻ ǹƗ ƨȇƢǤǴǳ ƢƆƦǠǏ ǹƢǯ Ǻǰǳȁ .ǁƢǷƾǳơȁ ƩȂŭơ ǹƢǘȈǋ ǞȈǸŪơ ȄǴǟ ǂǘȈǇ :ƾȇƾŪơ ǞǓȂǳƢƥ ǞƬǸƬǈȇ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ǒȈǧ Ƕǣǁ .ǂǨūơ ƱǁƢƻ ǺǷ Ʃǃǂƥ ƢǼǯƢƦǋ ƨǳƢƦǫ Ŗǳơ ƮưŪơ ƨƳȂǷ ǺǷ ơȂǻƢǟȁ śƬƟǂǳơ ƣƢȀƬǳƢƥ ƢƆǔȇƗ ơȂǓǂǷ ǹȁŚưǯȁ ȆǨǋ ǒȇǂǷ ȏȁ .ƢǻơȂǫ ƪǳƔƢǔƫ Ŀ ơȂǠƴǘǓơ Ƨƽơǁȍơ ƧȂǫ ǶȀȈǧ Ǫă Ʀƫ Ń ȁƗ ơȂǯǂƸƬȇ ǹƗ ơȂǼǰǸƬȇ Ń ǺăǷ .ǱƢȀǇȍơ .ǶēȂǷ ńƛ ƾƷƗ ǾƦƬǼȇ Ńȁ ƽŐǳơ ǺǷ ǺȇǂƴƸƬǷ ǶȀȈǴǟ ȄǸǤǷ ǶȀǧǂǣ Ŀ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƾȈǯƘƫ ǲǰƥ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƩơȂǼǇȁ ǁȂȀǋ ƾǠƥ :ǶǿơȂǫ ƩǁƢƻ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬǳ Ǻȇǂǌǟȁ ƨǈŨ ƢǼƦƸǇ ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ .ǶȀƬȇȂȈƷ ǶŮ ƾȈǠƫ ǹƗ ǖǬǧ ƢǗƢǘƦǳơ ǁȁƾǬǷ ƶȇǂƬǈǻȁ Ǟƴǘǔǻ ǹƗ ȏƆ ƢƷ ƢǻǁǂǘǓơ ƢǼǴǏȁ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ŕƷ ƨƻȂƦǘŭơ ƨƥǁȂǌǳơ ŚǤǳơ ǀƻƘȇ ȅǀǳơȁ ǎǴƼŭơ ǁȂƯǁƕ .ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǆǨǼƬǻ ǺŴȁ ǹƢǨšǂȇ ƢǻơƾǈƳ ƢǸǼȈƥ rabiot pour les Ǳ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƭȐƯ ȄǬƦƫ ǹƗ ǶƬǿơȁ ǵƢǠǘǳơ ǝċǃȁ .ǁƢƦƬǟȏƢƥ

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pour les Italiens d'à :ǁƾǬǳơ ǝƢǫ ǺǷ ƨǴȈǴǫ ƨƥǁȂǋȁ travailleurs56

côté57

ǹȁǃȂƴŰ ǾȈǧȁ ƢǼƬǧǂǤǳ ǁȁƢů Ȃǿȁ ƨȇƾǠŭơ ǑơǂǷȋơ ǶǈǬǳ ƨȈǻƢưǳơ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀ ńƛ Ʊǂƻ ǝƢǘƬǇơ ǺăǷ ǲǯ .ƢƆǟǄǨǷȁ ƢƆƦȈǿǁ ǹƢǯ ǞǓȂǳơ ǲǈǳơ ȄǓǂǷ ǅƢǇȋƢƥ .ƨǳǄǠƥȁ ƪǸǐƥ ơȂƫƢǷ ơƆƾƳ ƔƢǨǠǔǳơȁ ƤǠǏ ǞǓȂƥ ȄǓǂŭơ .ȃǂƻȋơ ǦƟơǂǐǳơ ǂăǔƬăƸ ą ȇĄ ǹƢǈǻƛ ǺǷ ǞĉǸǇĄ Śŵ ƩȂǏ .Ƨǂƥƛ ƤǴǗȋ ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ƪǴƻƽ ƵƢƦǏ Ʃơƿ ȄǴǟ ȄŤǁơ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǆǴƳ ƪǴƻƽ řǻƗ Ǟũ .ǂȇǂǈǳơ ǺǷ ƢȈǴǠǳơ ƨǬƦǘǳơ ȄǴǟ ǞƴǘǓơ ǾƬŢ ǞƴǘǓơ ǺăǷ .ǹơȁƢǔȈƥ ǹƢǼȈǟ ƾǸƴƬǷ ƾǈƳ .ȆǷƢǷƗ ƣǀǠƫ Ǯǳƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǉơǂǨǳơ ǾǸǈƳ ǖǤǓ ƪŢ Ɔơƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ .ƩƢǷ ǲƳǂǳơ ǹƗ ǭǁƽƗ ȏƆ ƢƷ ǾǼǰǳ ǽƾǟƢǈȈǳ Ǿȇƾȇ ƾǷ ǹƢǯ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ǭƢǼǿ ơƆƾŲ ȆǬƥȁ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ ǖǬǇ ȄǴǟƗ ǺǷ ǲƳǂǳơȁ ǲȈǬưǳơ !Ǿũơ ǥǂǠȇ .ǹȂŪƢǠƬȇ ǹȂȈǻƾŭơ ǱƢǸǠǳơ ǹƢǯ ǭƢǼǿ .ƧǁƢǇ ǁƢƦƻƗ ƪǻƢǯ 14 Ƕǫǁ ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ Ŀ ƣǂūơ ȃǂǇƗ ǂǰǈǠǷ ńƛ ƧŚǈǷ ơȂǸǜǻ .ơƆƾƳ ơƆƾďȈƳ ǹƢǯ ǶȀǔǠƦǳ ǵƢǠǳơ ǞǓȂǳơ ơȁƽƢǟ .ƵƢƴǼǳƢƥ ǲǴǰƫ ǝȁǂǌŭơ ƆƢǬƷ .ơȂǴƻƗ ƾǫ Ɣȏƚǿ ǹƗ ǪǴǘǼǷ ǺǷ ǄȈǴųȍơ ŃƢǠǳơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ƪǈȈǳ ƨƦȈƴǟ ǁȂǷƘƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƨƥǂǟ ơȁǂƳȁ ȆǯƢǯ ǆƥȐǷ śǈƥȏ .Ȇǰǈȇȁ ƢȇȂǇ śƸǗ Ǻũ ǢǻƽȂƦǳơ ǩȂƸǈǷ ƢǼȇǂƳǂǷ .14 Ƕǫǁ ƨǨȇǂǏ Ŀ ƔƢǼǣ ǞǸĄǇ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ ǺŴȁ ƧƽȂǠǳơȁ ǄȈǴųȍơ ǂǰǈǠǷ ŕƷ ǺȇǂƬǷȂǴȈǯ ŚǈǴǳ ƧȂǬǳơ ƢǼǷ ƾƷƗ ƾǼǟ Ǻǰƫ Ń 14 ƨǨȇǂǐǴǳ ƨƸƳƢǼǳơ ƨȈǴǸǠǳơ ƪƦǴƳ ǂǋƢƦǷ Śǣ ǲǰǌƥ Ǻǰǳȁ ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ƢƆƠȈǋ ǲǸŴ ƩȂŭơ ǭȐǷ ƢȀȈǧ ǹƢǯ Ŗǳơ ƢǼƬǧǂǣ Ŀ .ǁƢǿƽǃȏƢƥ ƕƾƥ ǲǸǠǳơȁ ƧǁƢƴƬǳơ .ǺȇŚưǰǳ ƢƆŞǁ

.śǴǷƢǠǴǳ ƨȈǧƢǓƛ ƩƢƦƳȁ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 56 .ǄƳƢūơ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ Ǻȇǀǳơ śȈǳƢǘȇȏơ ŁƢǐǳ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 184

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ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ƤǴǟ Ŀ ǞǸǌǳơ ǾǳȂƷ ƢǼƦƦǏȁ ǒǷƢūƢƥ ǞƦǌǷ ǲȈƬǧ ǞǸǌǴǳ ǞǼǐǷ ǆǇƘƫ ƪȈƥ Ǻƥơ .ƢƆǼȈƸǗȁ ƢƆƬȇǃ ǾǼť ơȂǠǧƽȁ ƢǼƳƢƬǻƛ ǲǯ ơȁǂƬǋơ 14 ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ƔƢȈǼǣƗ .ǹȂƫǂǯ ƤƴǠƬǳơ ƶǷȐǷ ǂǯǀƫƗ ƪǳǃ ƢǷ .ƔƢƥǂȀǰǳơ ƽơȂŭ ǹǄű Ŀ ǞǸǌǳơ ƨǴƬǯ ƾƳȁ ǺăǷ ƢǻƗ Ŗǳơ ƨƯƽƢƄơ ǂǯǀƫƗ ƪǳǃ ƢǷ .ƽơȂŭơ Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢƷ ňȁƗǁ ǺăǷ ǽȂƳȁ ȄǴǟ ǪȇƾǐƬǳơ ǵƾǟȁ .ƢǼǼȈƥ ƩǁȂǘƫ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǲǠǨƫ ơƿƢǷ ƤȈƳƗ ȆǈǨǻ ƪǠũ ƧƘƴǧ .ǞǸǌǳơ ƱƢƬǻƛ ǂǇ ǦǌǯƗ ǹƗ ŅƢƦƥ ǂǘź Ń ǾǻƗ ƶǓơȁ :ƔȐȈŬơ ǺǷ ƔȆǋ ƢȀǼǷ Ǟũȁ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƔƢǷƾǫ Ǻǟ ƩǁƾǏ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ Ŗǳơ ƩƢǸǴǰǳơ ǆǨǼƥ ."ǶŮƢƷ ơȁǂĈƥƽ" ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ǹȂǨȈǰƬȇ ǦȈǯ ơȂǧǂǟ ǅƢǻƗ "ǹȁƾĈȈƳ ȃǂǇƗ" ǶĔƛ ơȂǳƢǫ ƢŶƘǯ ..ǁȂǷƗ ƧĈƾǟȁ Ƨƾǟ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ …Ich verstehe verschiedene Sachen ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ .ȆǣȂǷƢǇ ȄǴǟ ƽƢǇ ƩȂŭơ ǭȐǷ :ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǹȁǂǌǠǳơȁ ǆǷƢŬơ ȆĉǨǋĄ ȅƾǼǳȂŮơ ǲưǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ .ƩȂǰăǇ ǲȇȂǗ ǆǘǧƗ śǈŨ ŅơȂƷ ǽǂǸǟ ȅǁƢǤǼǿ ƨǈŨ ǀǼǷ .ƨǠǨƫǂǷ ƧǁơǂƷ ǺǷ ȄĈǸƷĄ .ǾƥƢǏƗ ơƆƾȇƾƳ ƢƆƠȈǋ Ǻǰǳȁ .ȄĈǸū ƌ ơȁ ǅȂǨȈƬǳơ ǺǷ ƨƦƳȁ ȅƾǼǟ" :ǱƉ Ƣǟ ƩȂǐƥ ǱƢǫȁ ǾǸǧ ƶƬǧ ǵȂȈǳơ ǆǨǻ Ŀ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǸǴǯ ǲǬȇ Ń ǵƢȇƗ .."ƾǠƥ ǲǯƕ ǹƗ ǞȈǘƬǇƗ ȏ ƢǻƗ .ƨƯȐưǳơ ǶƬǻƗ ǶǰǼȈƥ ƢǿȂǟǃȁ .Ǧǋǂǌǳơ ƪŢ ǄƦƻ ƢŭƢǗ .ƢƆƻȂǨǼǷ ǹƢǯ ǾȀƳȁ Ǧǐǻ .ǽǄƦƻ ǆŶ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ƤȈų ƢǷ ƢǼǿơȂǧƗ Ŀ Ǻǰȇ Ń .ƽƢǼǠƥ ƪăǸǏ ă Ȇǟȁ ǾȈǧ ȆǬƥ ǹȁƾƥ ǶǴǰƫȁ ǹƢȇǀǿ Ŀ ǩǂǣ śǷȂȈƥ ƢǿƾǠƥȁ ǲȈǴǳơ ǲǯ ǱơȂǗ ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ Ǻǰǳȁ ƨȇƽȂƦǠǳơ śƥ ǝơǂǐǳơ ǱȂƷ ŚƻƗ ǶǴƷ ƱǂƷƾƫ ǂƫȂƬŭơ ǾǣƢǷƽ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ǝƢǘǬǻơ .Jawohl ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǸǴǰǳơ ƢȀǼȈƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ƩƢǸǴǯ ǱƢǫ ǆǨǼƫ ǲǯ ǞǷ Ǿǻȋ ƨȇǂūơȁ ȁƗ ǽǄē ǹƗ ƾȇǂƫ ƩǂǏ ŕƷ ƨȈǸǼȀƳ ƨǳƕ ńƛ ǱĈȂŢ ƢŶƘǯ .Jawohl Ʃơǂŭơ ǥȏƕ .ƨǸǴǰǳơ ǽǀǿ ǂďȈǤȇ ǹƗ ǾǠǧƾƫ ǹƗ ǲǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ȁƗ ǾǬǼţ

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ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ !ǹƢǈǻȎǳ ƩȂŭơ ƤǠǏ Ȃǿ Ƕǯ ƪǫȂǳơ Ǯǳƿ ŕƷ ǥǂǟƗ Ń ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ƽƾš ƨǴȇȂǗ ƩƢǨǫȂƫ ǞǷ . ơƿƢŭ ơȂǧǂǟ ǶȀǴǯȁ .ƽơƽǃơ ǺȇǂǔăƬƸ ą ŭƌ ơ ƽƾǟ .ƩȂŭơ ƪǸǏ .Ǟǧơƾŭơ ǁơȂƷ ƧǂǷ ǲǯ ƪǫȁ ƾǠƥ ƨǟǂǈƥ ǹȂǴǐȇ ǥȂǇ ǅȁǂǳơ ǹƛ ǾǴȈǷǄǳ ƾƷơȂǳơ ƢǼǴǫȁ ƢǻąƾǟĄ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ ǲǐƸȈǇ ƢǷ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǹƗ śǬƯơȁ ƢǼǯ ǵȐǰǳơ ǆǨǻ ǹƢǯ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼƬǼǈǳƗ ȄǴǟ .Śǐǫ Ŀ .ǲǷȋơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬǳơ ƾǬǨǻ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ ƢǼǻȋ .śƟƽƢǿ ǹȂǰǻ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ Ǻǰǻ Ń Ǻǰǳȁ ǞǫȂƬƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ Ǿǻȋ ŚǰǨƬǳơ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ ǂǰǈǠŭơ Ŀ .ǂǰǨƫ ǹƗ ǶǴǠƬƫ ƪǻƗ ǂǰǈǠŭơ ƣơǀǠǴǳ ǁƾǐǷ Ȇǿ Ŗǳơ ƨȈǇƢǈūơ ǃǄǠƫ ƢĔȋ ƧǂǔǷ ǁƢǰǧȋơ .ƭơƾƷȋơ ǁȂǘƬƫ ƢƆǨǴǇ ǥƢǨǓ Ǻǟ ƣơǀǠǳơ ǒȈǨȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨȈǇƢǈūơ ǦĉǠǔ ą ȇĄ ƨǠȈƦǘǳơ Ŀ ƢƆǻȂǻƢǫ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇȁ .ƧƢȈūơ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ ơǀǰǿ Ńȋơ ǺǷ ŕƷȁ ǥȂŬơ ǺǷ ƵǂǨǳơ ǺǷ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƤǠƬȇ ƢǸǯ ǵƢȇƗ ƨȈǻƢť ƢǻŐǟ ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǺȇǂǌǠǳơȁ ǆǷƢŬơ Ŀ .ǁƢǜƬǻȏơ ǺǷ ƤǠƬȇ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ƢĈǼǯ ƢǻǂưǯƗ .ƢƆƠȈǴǷ ƢƆŭƢǟ ǹƢǯ ȅǀǳơ ȆǌƷȂǳơ ŃƢǠǳơ Ǯǳƿ ǞǷ ǁȂǈŪơ ƪǷƾĄǿ ǀǼǷ .ǲǸƬŰ Śǣ ǹƢǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǈǨǻ ǁƢǜƬǻȏơ ǹƗ ŕƷ ǪǴǘǷ ǲǰǌƥ ȃȂǬǳơ ȅƾǫƢǧ ǹȂǰǼǳ ǹȁƾƟƢǟ ƢǼĈǻƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ ǁȂƯǁƕ Ɔơƽƾů ƢǼǈǈƷƗ ǁȂǼƬǳơ ƣǂǫ .ƔƢǈŭơ Ŀ Ŀ ƾƷȋơ ǵƢȇƘƥ ǹȂǴǨƬŹ ǦȈǯ ǎǫ ǁȂƯǁƕ .ƔȆǋ ǲǯ ǱȂƷ ǶǴǰƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ .ơƆǂǌƥ ǺǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ǹƢǯ ǱǁƢǋ .ǾǳơȂǫƗ ǝƢǸǈǳ ơƆƾƳ ƩǂƯƘƫ .Ʊȁȁ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ŀ Ŗǳơ ǁƢǌǼǧȁǂƥ ƨǷȁƢǬŭơ ƨȇơƾƥ Ǻǟ ƢȈǳƢǘȇơ Ŀ ǱƢƬǬǳơ Ǧǫȁ Ǻǟ Ǿǳ ƪǐǐǫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǝȂǷƾǳơ ǥǁƿ ơȂǔƦǫ ǦȈǯȁ ƢǼȈǴǟ Ȅǋȁ ȅǀǳơ ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ǻǟ (ǹơǄȈƫǁƢƦǳơ) ƨǷȁƢǬŭơ ƔƢǔǟȋ ƨǈƟƢȈǳơ .ǱƢƦŪơ Ŀ ƢǼȈǴǟ ȄĈƬƷ ƢǿƢǼǴǫ ƨǸǴǯ ǲǯ ƘǸǛ ȄǴǟ ơȂƥǂǋ ƨȈǻƢǸưǳơ ǍƢƼǋȋơ ƢǼǫȂǧ ǺǷ ƨǸƬǠǳơ Ŀ .ƩȂŭơ ǭȐŭ ǽƔȏȁ ǺǴǠȇ ǹƗ ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾƳȁ ǾȈǣȂǷƢǇ ǖǬǧ .ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ ơȂǸȀǨȇ Ń ǺăǷ ƨȈǬƦǳơ .ȄƫȂŭơ ŃƢǟ Ŀ ǝơĈƾƻ ŃƢǟ Ŀ ƢǼǌǟ :ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǹȁǂǌǠǳơȁ ǅƽƢǈǳơ ƢȀĈƦǏ ǶȀƦƬǳơ ƨȈǴǸǟ ƢǼǘȈŰ ǺǷȁ ƢǼǴƻơƽ ǺǷ ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ƪǨƬƻơ ƧǁƢǔūơ ǺǷ ƨȈǫƢƦǳơ

186

ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ

ǹƗ ǂǘǓơ ǺǷȁ.ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ǹƢǯ ǲƬǫ ǺăǷ .ǹȂǷȁǄȀǷ ǹƢŭȋơȁ ƪȀƬǻơ ǹȁǂǐƬǼŭơ ǹƢŭȋơ ƢǼȈǴǟ ƾǬǧ ǺăǷ ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ƾǠȇ Ń . ƢƆǻƢǈǻƛ ǹƢǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ȄǴǟ ǾǓǂǧ ǺǷȁ ǶǴǜǳơ ǲĈǸƸƬȇ ŕƷ ǽǁƢƳ ƩȂŻ ǹƗ ǂǜƬǻơ ǺăǷ .ǂȇǂǈǳơ ǆǨǻ Ŀ ǾǨȈƳ ƤǻƢŝ ǵƢǻȁ ƨȈǐƼǌǳơ ǾƬǷơǂǯ ǲǠǧ ƢŲ ǂưǯƗ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ Ǻǟ ƾǠƬƥơ ƾǬǧ ƆƢƦǻǀǷ ǆȈǳ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ǄƦŬơ ƨƦƳȁ Ǟƥǁ ǾǼǷ ǀƻƘȇ .ƨȈƟơƾƥ ǂưǯȋơ ǹƢǈǻȍơȁ ƢƆǌƷȂƫ ǂưǯȋơ ȅƽƢǈǳơ Ǯǳƿ ƨȈǻƢǈǻȍơ ǵƾǠǳ ƤƦǈǳơ ǹƜǧ Ǯǳǀǳ .ƢǼǷ śƦȇǂǬǳơ ǅȂǨǻ Ŀ Ǻǰǈȇ ƢǻƽȂƳȁ ǺǷ Ƕǈǫ ǆȈǳ ƨƳƢƷ ȁƗ ƔȆǋ ƽǂů ǹƢǯ ǹƢǈǻȍơ ǹƗ ǹƢǯ .ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǭƢǼǿ ơȂǋƢǟ ǺăǷ ƾǼǟ ǱǁƢǋ ǞǷ ŖǫơƾǏ Ǯǳǀǳ ǂƻȊǳ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǹȂǼƬŲ ǺƸǼǧ Ǯǳǀǳ .ǽŚǣ ǂǜǻ Ŀ ǖǬǧ .ǺǷǄǳơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ Ŀ .śǬȇ ǲǰƥ ƾǸǐƬǇ ǅȁƙǁ ǩȂǧ .ƨǠƟơǁ ƩơǂƟƢǗ ƨǯǂǠǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƔơŐǤǳơ ǵȂȈǤǳơ śƥ ƢǼǫȂǧ ǁƢƬǷȋơ ǥȏƕ ǲƬǬȇ ǹƗ Ƣǻǂǐǟ ƔƢǼƥƗ ȄǠǇ Ƨơǂǟȁ ƧȂǫ Ȑƥ ƨȇƢŧ Ȑƥ Ǻȇǀǳơ ǂǌƦǳơ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǸů Ȃǳȁ ǲȈǘƬǳ ȆǨǰƫ ȏ ƢƆǠǷ ƢǼǠȈŦ ƧȂǫ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǥȂǳȋơ ơȂǴƬǬȇ ǹƗ .ƧǁȂǘƬǷ ƩơȁƽƘƥ ƢŷƾƷƗ .ƢǼǼȈƥ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ǹƢǈǻƛ ƧƢȈƷ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǬȈǫƾƥ .ǾȈǣȂǷƢǇ ƱȂǳȂǻȂǷ ǖǬǧ ǞǸĄǇ ƨǧǂǤǳơ Ŀȁ ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ Ɨƾǿ ƨȇȂŪơ ǭǁƢǠŭơ ƲȈƴǓ ƽƢǟ .ƪǸǏ L'pauv vieux58 ǪȈǸǟ ǵȐǛ ŅȂƷ .ȆǷȂǻ ǺǷ ƪǜǬȈƬǇơ ƧƘƴǧ ǶǗȐƫ ǾǇƗǁȁ ǾȈǨƬǯȁ ǾȈƬƦǯǁ ƪǠũ .ǂȇǂǈǳơ Ǻǟ ǖǬǇ ǾƷȁǁ Ʊȁǂƻ ǞǷ .Ǿƥơǂƫ ńƛ .ƨǧǂǤǳơ .ǁȂƯǁƕ ǱƢǫ "La mort l'a chassé de son lit"59 ǾǴǠǨǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ǲǯ .ǲȈǴǳơ Ŀ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǾǴǬǼǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ń ƢǼǻƗ ƶǓơȁ .ǵƢǼǻ ǹƗ Ȃǿ

.śǰǈŭơ ǃȂƴǠǳơ ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 58 .ǽǂȇǂǇ ǺǷ ǽƽǂǗ ƩȂŭơ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 59 187

ǹƢǈǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǲǿ

ǵƢǈƳƗ ƔƢǔǟƗ ƨǧǂǤǳơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ .ǂƴǨǳơ :ňƢưǳơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǹȁǂǌǠǳơȁ ǞƥƢǈǳơ .Ƨǁǀǫ ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲ ǲǈƬǤǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ȏ ƢǼǻȋ .ƨưŝ ǵƢǸƬǿȏơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƨǴƴǠƬǈǷ ǱƢǸǟƗ ǭƢǼǿ .ǲǯƘǻȁ ƺƦǘǻ ǹƗ ǲƦǫ ƨưŪơ ǆŶ :ǱǁƢǋ ǱȂǬȇ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ rien de si dégoûtant que les débordements60… .ƩơȂǷȋƢƥ ǵƢǸƬǿȏơ ǺǷ ƢƆƷƢūƛ ǂưǯƗ ƔƢȈƷȋƢƥ ǵƢǸƬǿȏơ Ȃǳƾǳơ ƱƎǂƼ ą ǻĄ ǹƗ ƤŸ ..ǵȂȇ ǲǯ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ƢǻƾǟơȂǇ Ǻǟ ǂďǸǌǼǳ .ơȁǂǜƬǼȇ ǹƗ ǶĔƢǰǷƜƥ ƩơȂǷȋơ ǾƬưƳ .ƨǨȇǂǐǳơ ǺǷ ƢǷ ƾĊ Ǡƥ ȄǴǟ ǾȈǣȂǷƢǇ ƢǻƗȁ ǱǁƢǋ ƢǼǴŧ ƢǷƾǼǟ ơȂǴǏȁ ǅȁǂǳơ .Őǣȋơ ƲǴưǳơ ǩȂǧ ƨǳƢĈǸūơ ƢǼƦǴǫ .ơƆƾƳ ƨǨȈǨƻ ƪǻƢǯ .ȆǇƗǂǳ ƔƢǘǣ ȆǠǷ Ǻǰȇ Ń Ǿǻȋ ƪǨǇƘƫ .ǾƬǠƦǫ ǞǴƻ ǱǁƢǋ Ŀ ƩƢǷ ȅǀǳơ ƨȇƾǠŭơ ǑơǂǷȋơ Ƕǈǫ Ŀ ǂǌǟ ƾƷȋơ śƥ ǺǷ ƾȈƷȂǳơ ǹƢǯ ǾȈǣȂǷƢǇ ƆƢƠȈǋ ǾǼǟ ǎǫƗ Ń) Ƣǣǁȁƽȁ ǂǯƢǷƢǰȈǳ ȆǰǈǧȁǂƥȂǗ ǖȈǴǗǂǇ . ƧǂǌǠǳơ ǵƢȇȋơ ǑǂǷ ǶǔŮơ Ƕǈǫ Ŀ ƨȈǴǸǟ Ǿǳ ƪȇǂƳƗ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ȅǀǳơ Ƣǈǻǂǧ ǺǷ ǱƢǸǟƗ ǲƳǁ .ǆƬǨǋȁƗ Ŀ ǅȁǂǳơ ƢȀǷƢǫƗ ƨȈǻơƾȈǷ ƩơƽƢȈǟ Ŀ ǞȈƥƢǇƗ Ƨƾǟ ƾǠƥ ơȂƫƢǷ ǶȀǴǯ (ƢȇŚƬǧƾǳƢƥ .ƨǳȂǬǠǷ ƨƸǏ Ŀ ƢǻƢǯ ǺȇǀǴǳơ ȅȐǰǳơȁ ǮǻƢǋ ǹƢǈȈǻ Ŀ ƪȈǬƬǳơ ǊƬǧȂƫƢǯ Ŀ ƨǴȇȂǗ ǲƟƢǇǁ ǂƻȊǳ ƢǻƾƷƗ ƢǼƦƬǯ .ǶȈǴǠƬǳơ ǾƬǼȀǷ Ŀ ǲǸǠǳơ ǲǏơȁ ǾƬǴƟƢǟ ƾƳȁ ǁȂƯǁƕ ǵƢȇȋơ ǺǷ ǵȂȇ Ŀ ǽơǁƗ ǹƗ ǲǷƕ ƢǻƗȁ

ȄȀƬǻơ

.ǥƢǨǔǳơ ȄǴǟ ȄǬǴǷ ǶǈƳ ƢȇƢǬƥ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǥǂǬǷ ƔȆǋ ȏ :ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳƢƥ 60 188

ƩƢǧƢǬưǳơ ǁơȂƷ ǲƳƗ ǺǷ ƨǯơǂǋ ȅǂǰǇȂǼǷȂǳ ƩơǁȂǌǼǷȁ Ǻȇƾǳơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ ǩȐǗƛ ńƛ Ǻȇƾǳơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷȁ ȅǂǰǇȂǼǷȂǳ ƩơǁȂǌǼǷ śƥ ƨǸƟƢǬǳơ ƨǯơǂǌǳơ ǥƾē ƨǫǂƄơ ǁƢǰǻƛȁ Ƨǂǯơǀǳơ ƩƢǟơǄǻ ǒǧǁ ȄǴǟȁ ǾǷơǂƬƷƛȁ ǂƻȉơ ƨǧǂǠǷ ȄǴǟ Ǆǰƫǂȇ ǁơȂƷ ƨȈźǁƢƫ ƩƢǷȂǴǠǷ Ǟǔƫ ƩƢǤǴǳơ ƧƽƾǠƬĄǷ ƨȈǸǫǁ ƨƦƬǰǷ ƔƢǌǻƛ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ǲǷƘǻȁ .ƨȇĈǃƢǼǳơ .ƩƢǧƢǬưǳơ ǦǴƬƼĄǷ śƥ ǁȂǈŪơ ƔƢǼƥ Ŀ ƨŷƢǈŭƢƥ ǞȈǸŪơ ǥĈǂǐƫ Ŀ ƨȈǧƢǬƯȁ ǄĈȈǸƌŭơ ƢȀůƢǻǂƥ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ȅǂǰǇȂǼǷȂǳ ƩơǁȂǌǼǷ ƪǬǴǗƗ 2001 ǵƢǠǳơ ǀǼǷȁ .ǂǌǼǳơ ǁƢǗƛ ǺǸǓ ǲƻƾƫ ƧƾȇƾƳ ǁơƾǏƛ ƨƷƢǈǷ ǂǌǼǳơ ƨǧƢǬƯ śƥ ǪƐǧȂƫ Ƨƾȇǂǧ ƧǁƢȀǷ ǱȐƻ ǺǷ ȅǂǰǇȂǼǷȂǳ ƩơǁȂǌǼǷ ǺĈǷƚĄƫȁ ƢȀȈǴǰǌƥ ƤƬǰǴǳ ǂǸƬǈĄǷ ǂƐǧȂƫ ȃŐǰǳơ ƨȈƳȂǳȂǼǰƬǳơ ƩơǁƢǰƬƥȍơ ǵơƾƼƬǇƛȁ ƨȇƾȈǴǬƬǳơ ƨȈǸǼƬǳơ ƨǧƢǬƯ Ŀ ƣƢƬǰǳơ ǲƻƾĄƫ Ŗǳơ ǂǌǼǳơ ƨȈǴǸǟ ǲȈȀǈƫ ǥƾđ Ǯǳƿȁ ȆĈ Ǹǫǂǳơȁ ȆǫǁȂǳơ .ƨǷơƾƬǈƌŭơ ƨĈȈǠǷƢƳ ƭȂŞȁ ǵƢǟ ƣƽƗ) ǂǌǼǳơ ǺȇƽƢȈǷ ǦǴƬƼĄǷ ȄǴǟ ƵȂƬǨǷ ǅǂȀǧ ƵǂƬǬȇȁ Ŀ ǶȀƦƬǯ ƩǁƾǏ ǦƐǳƚǷ 5000 ĈǶǔ Ą ȇ ƢǸǯ ƢǠƳǂǷ 7000 ńơȂƷ (...ƢƥȁǁȁƗȁ ĈǦǳƚŭơ ǩȂǬƷȁ ƨȇǂǰǨǳơ ƨȈǰǴŭơ ǹȂǻƢǫ ǺǷ ǲǯ ȆǸŹ Ǯǳƿ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓƛ .ƨǧƢǯ ƩƢǤǴǳơ ƧƔơǂǬǳơ ǹƢŪ ǞǷ ǹȁƢǠƬǳƢƥ ȅǂǰǇȂǼǷȂǳ ƩơǁȂǌǼǷ ǂǌǼƫ ƢǸǯ .ƧǂƐǧȂƬŭơ ƤƬƌǰǳơ ǲƐ ǯ ƭȂƸƦǳơ ǄǯơǂǷȁ ƩƢǠǷƢŪơ ǞǷ ǭơǂƬǋȍƢƥ ƤƬǰǳơ ǺǷ ƨĈǸȀǷ ƩȐǈǴǇ ƨǐǐƼƬƌŭơ .ň Ɛ ƾŭơ ǞǸƬĐơ Ŀ śǴǟƢǨǳơȁ ƩƢȈǠǸŪơȁ ƩƢǈǇƚŭơȁ ǺǷ ƨȈǴǟƢǨƬǳơ śǷƢǔŭơ ǺǷ ƧƾǟƢǫ ƽĈƾƴƬƌŭơȁ ȆǰȈǷƢǼȇƾǳơ ňȁǂƬǰǳȍơ ǞǫȂŭơ ƵǂƬǬȇȁ ƨȈǻȁǂƬǰǳȍơ śǨǳƚŭơ ƩƢĈǻȁƾǷ ǱȂƷ ǞǸŸ ƢǸǯ ƩơǁȂǌǼŭơ ńƛ ň Ɛ ƢĐơ ǱȂǏȂǳơ ǱȐƻ śǨǳƚǷ ǶĈ ǔƫ ƧǄĈȈŲ ƔƢǬǳ ƨƷƢǈǷ Ǻǟ Ȑǔǧ ƨĈȈǧƢǬưǳơ ƧƢȈūƢƥ ǪƐǴǠƬƫ ƩƢǷȂǴǠǷ ǁƽƢǐǷ .śǘǋƢǻ ƔƢǯǂĄǋȁ Ɣơǂƌǫȁ

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ƨĈȈǼǗȂǳơ ǂǌǼǳơ ƨƥƢǬǻ Ŀ Ȃǔǟ Ȇǿ ȅǂǰǈǼǷȂǳ ƩơǁȂǌǼǷ ǹƗ ńƛ ơŚƻƗ ǁƢǌĄȇȁ .ƨȈǈǻǂǨǳơ www.manuscrit.com [email protected] Tel : +33 (0)8 90 71 10 18

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